The Sun. — London, England, 1829-01-24 00:00:00

taxation from compulsory labour, and open to be devoted to religious duties and to moral instruc tion. I am aware, however, that whilst provision is made for securing to the 'slaw sufficient time and opportunity for religious instruction, and every latitude is allowTtl with respect to `t. 17 .1e mode of his instcnctinn which th , it 'f,..pitit of toleration demands, it is very tit, notwithstand ing, that certain local 4,ogulations should be established, to guard. against those abuses and that misapplication, to which the best institu tions arc liable ; and to obviate those disorders which might be occasioned, or the apprehension ,of whith might at least be occasionally enter tained, if an unrestricted liberty were permitted, to assemble considerable bodies of the slave population, at unseasonable bouts, or without the previous consent of their og.t - ners. The next object which I am desirous strongly to recommend to the favourable consideration of the colonial legislatures, is the admission of the evidence of slaves. This may appear to some of tlhe zolonies to be still too great a step to be at Once taken, but the concession already Fareje upon this point by others of the colonial legislatures, induces ine to hope that the principle is gradually gainity, ground in the West Indies, and that it will, ere long, be generally felt that the ele.:-ating a slave to the rank of a person whose evidence is ad mitted, under the same restrictions only under which that of free men is received, and by teach ing him and his f e llow-s u bj ec t s th a t t h e avenues of justice are not closed against his testimony in any case whatsoever, an important improvement will be effected, as well in the character of the slaves themselves, as in the general feeling and conduct of the population at large. The only other point which I shall advert to, is the situation of that portion of ;society in the colonies which comes under the general denomi nation of people of colour. It appears to me that it would be wise to act with much liberality towards this class of indivi duals; and I am to direct, therefore, that your Excellency will strongly recommend their in. terests to the favourable consideration of the local legislatures. (Signed) I have the honour to be, Eve. G. MURRAY. PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE. " LISBON, JAN. 10.—We had here last night a sample of the general feeling of indignation of this capital, and of that of the whole kingdom, in the way to which I lately alluded. Yesterday afternoon a general rumour was spread, that by 10 o'clock at nigt an insurrection was to be effected, and different palate were assigned for the rendezvous of the seve ral corps of militia, as well as of the regular troops, cind of the unarmed citizens, who were directed to join themselves to the brigade of marines, when arms would be delivered to them. This nitre unwarranted invitation to arms and ven geance was sufficient to cause every one to go to the posts assigned. It evas really wonderful to see hundreds of citizens of the first and middling classes, flocking to the barracks of the 'Marine Bri gade, requesting arms, and inviting that corps to come out and join the garrison and the militia to proclaim Donna Maria 11. The marines did arm themselves with that view, invited by a Brigadier- General of the same corps, who exerted himself to she effect; but, unfortunately, those exertions were employed towards the worst military corps, where -a division of opinions checked their progress, and where some of its infamous Miguelite officers pre vailed on the soldiers to remain quiet ; so that when .the Brigadier went to make hia retreat, he was stop ped and detained by the Miguelites. This being observed by the numerous unarmed citizens, they evacuated the barracks and proceeded to several points, hoping to meet with the arms, but in vain; for it appears that, though moat of the troops were ready in their quarters, as well as the militia regi ments, the leading offic;:xs who were to take them out, and assist Brigadier•:General Moreira in leading forth this corps, and arming the ralunteer citizens, were paralyzed by some extraordinary failure in the plan. It is thus, that for three times it: succession this population has been on the alert, and,-I may say, on the eve of ft eedom, and three times the effusion of patriotism has been checked by some fatality which has all the appearance of treachery from some of the under-directing hands, as there has never been unity nor a regular combination to act against those instruments of despotism, the numerous corps of police. One regiment of artillery, however, began to throw off the mask of objection and infamy ; but not being supported, nor hearing from any of the movements which they were to follow, order was restored by their officers. " In consequence, Government had again time to snake some show of firmness--but how ? Why, by some of the Generals of Miguel, as the Marquis of Tancos, Adjutant-General of the Army, patrolling, with one or two squadrons of cavalry, the streets all the night, after 12 o'clock; and by arresting all persons whom they found abroad. " Such a result of a general conspiracy, and such oexertions from a dying Government to oppose it, ure certainly pitiful; but the former must ultimately terminate in the annihilation of the hitter; for you must observe and Europe must know, that it is un armed citizens who openly invite and provoke the troops to take the field in support of Donna Maria against the usurper. By and by the number of such resolute citizens will be such, that the troops must follow them, in spite of their infamous officers, and the re-action will be only the more violent. " To-day a 'great movement has been observed among the military authorities. A great many officers, besides Brigadier Moreira, have been ar rested. Troops hare been in movement this even ing with artillery, and it is likely that some ephemeral display of vigour and strength will be made to in timidate the inhabitants, who, as you sec, are quite unexperienced in re-actions without the assistance of regular troops; but it is expected they will soon be otherwise. The population of the provinces is anxious to follow the first movement of this capital. " In my last letter I informed you that a Procla mation from the partisans of the old Queen had ap peared, but I then did not give it the importance it has since acquired. An immense quantity of copies has been spread every where, and by the follow ers of the Marquis of Chaves, who think them selves thereby already masters of the Govern ment and of the kingdom. I therefore now scud you a copy of that atrocious manifest, which can scarcely be matched in any production of the French Jacobin clubs of 1792 and 1793. This frightened Government, who in consequence obliged Miguel to hold a levee on the 6th instant, and in fact he appeared, stretched in a small four-wheel hand-vehicle, and gave his hand to kiss to his Court,' who had thereby occasion to see that he certainly was alive, but also that he is quite lost mentally, for he only answered by a foolish grin to all the compli ments addressed to him ; and this has increased the anxiety of his own party instead of quieting it. It appears that Goveriment has transacted since with Chaves's party, as it has given to the infamous Ge neral Telles Jordao the government of St. Julian, and that of the Fort of Cascacs to the still greater wretch Colonel Raymund°. " Four ships of war, Diana frigate, corvette Leal dado, and brigs Providencia and Don Sebastian, have been drawn from the expedition fitting out, to go to blockade immediately Terceira; but they are detained by the bad Weather. " The Apostolieal French spy, Marquis de Crouij, of whom I spoke before, had tendered a loan of 10,000,0 00 of crusades to this Government, on con dition that the 2,000,000 of debts contracted by the Chavists in Spain should be paid thereout in stock at the contracting price; but it appears that the other terms were also disapproved'; for, notwith standing the misery of this Miserable Government, it was not adtnieted in council. "'I - q6.lijoln the Oporto Gazette, in which you will '6 4 :terve the edict by which the numerous and very respectable Noblerrien and other citizens emigrated are to be judged by contumacy. " Prisoners from the provinces continue to arive. The last band from Elyas was received and followed to prison by a gang of Royai Volunteers; voeirerating Vivas to Queen Don Carlota Joaquina Otte 014 Queen), and death to the FreeiuMoiist" t'OttitiN INTELLIGENCE. FRENCH PAPERS. (From the Messager des Chambres of Jan. el.) Cora'', Dec. 22.—0 n the riOth instant the Raleigh, sloop of war, in ten days E•otti 'o'ros, It had on board Mr. Cartwright-, tigtilth Consul-General at Cfinstantiwoote., ahrl lCaptain Dalgleish, Aid-de-camp to Ornerat Adams. Mr. Cartwright was the bearer of (kspatches for Lord Aberdeen and Sir F. Adams. The English steam-boat, the African, which had been waiti*u± ever since the 11th instant for orders 'ball, weighed anchor on the evening after the iti•l'val of these two gentle men to proceed r, AnZona. Captain W. Keith, of the British Na*) . -, e*;nbarked.on hoard this vessel ; undoubtedly he m tharged with the conveyance of these despatches to tOndon, whither Mr. Cartwright himself intends.to go as soon as he is out of quarantine. When the Raleigh left Poros, it was stated that Mr. Stratford Canning had liked the 18th Dec. fur his departure to Malta, Vriiithet Unfit Guilleminot and hi. de Ribeaulderre will pftbably follow him. To-day the Avid Man-of-war has been relieved from quarantine in our port. Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm has tome on shore, and was saluted by all the forts. Apartments are assigned him in the palace of the Lord High Commissioner. The Wasp and Raleigh corvettes, the Rifleman and Pelican brigs, and the Bind cutter, are still at anchor here. The Petiean arrived on the 22d in six days from Malta, with despatches for Sir Pulteney Malcolm. The day before yesterday a Neapolitan vessel arrived in three days from Brindisi, with a French courier on board, who immediately embarked for Poros. Accord ing to accounts from Prevesa to the 15th December, the Greek vessels continue to blockade the Gulf of Ambracia, and continually harass the Turks at Preveta and in the surrounding forts. In the night of the Bth December, four rnistics, detached from the squadron in the Gulf, pene trated into the s:irts of Pantocratorn, St. George, and Pienta, without being observed by the Turks. Afterwards some common shot were exchanged but without effect. TURKISH Fitoxvires, DEC. 30.—General Geismar, who has passed some days at Bucharest, asserts that Wal lachia has no reason to fear any invasion from the Turks, the country before Shumla, Varna, and Bazardjik, being so entirely laid waste, that no considerable body of troops can find subsistence there. The requisitions continue in Wallachia, and the inhabitants have been obliged to deliver their remaining provisions to supply the Russian army. Every day, numbers of sick arrive at Bucharest, and the convalescent are put away as the others arrive. The Coura Authentique not published, on account of the holiday. (From the Journal des Debuts of Wednesday.) Pats, JAN. 21.—Ever since M. de Polignac has been Ambassador at London, whenever business, whether public or private, brought him back to Paris, reports have been spread of the dissolution of the Cabinet, and of the entry of the noble Peer into the Ministry. M. de Polignac, how ever, has always returned to London as soon as the business which brought him to Paris had been concluded. He left here a fortnight ago, and he is now about to return. If his former journeys excited curiosity, the present journey does so in a high degree. On the eve of the opening of the Chambers, and when the Ministry have declared that they must have all their offices filled before the Session, we are not astonished, therefore, at the reports, and at the alarm which prevail ; but ave repeat, if political business now brings him to Paris, it is only en some foreign negociation, and this negociation being ended, M. de Polignac will re turn to London, Where he has faithfully represented the King of France. (From the Constitutionne/ of Wednesday.) PARIS, Jar. 21.—We suppose that Prince Polignac's return would be attributed to some foreign negociation, but those who think this absurdity will be credited must suppose the public to he very stupid. M. de Talleyrand has accurately remarked, there is in France somebody who has more esprit than Voltaire, than Napoleon, and than M. de Martignac, and that somebody is the public. The Journal of yesterday which said M. 4e Polignac was coining hither to conclude negociations, began at London, could not hope to deceive the public. Yts, no doubt Prince Polignac is coming to conclude a negociation wkic was commenced at Paris and continued at London. We have no doubt that the English and Aus trian policy see our internal policy increase, as our influ ence will, by that means, increase also. We wish that we should be secured at home, in order that we may be the safer in displaying our power abroad. (From the Courier Francais of Wednesday.) PARI9, JAN. 21.......M/NISTERIA Caasts.—On Sun day, after the holding of the ordinary Council, the Minis ters had a private conference on the subject of the dangers which threaten them. Each stated all his discoveries, and then, by unanimous accord, it was determined, we under stand, that if Prince Polignac was imposed en them they would all retire. Prince Polignac was expected this morning with the greatest impatience at the Tuileries, but be had not yet ar rived at five o'clock. LISBON GAZETTES. LITERATURE. THE DISOWNED.--LoNnox, 1829. The author of " Pelham" and " The Dis• owned" has added considerably to the literary treasures of his age. He has imparted a moral elevation to ktitiotts hisiory, in Which it has hitherto been nearly . , if not quite deficient. Dis . - "Satisfied with Mere vivacity of Style, piatiancy,Of „ t , 6 ~ Mt; freiilin: l :B 01 niventton, or variety of incident, though he possesses all these attractive combina tions in quite sufficient abundance, he has looked to ahigherobject—hehas regarded the moral im 7 ' provement of his reader, and aimed at instruct itig hirfi through the medium of his fancy. His first novel of " Pelham" was remarkable for the excessive smartness of its scarcely concealed satire, and iichry i6blblired manner in hire. lis characters were painted. But these last, however ingenious, were the creatures not of reality but of imagination. They were drawn from books not men, and had scarcely a prototype in nature. They were merely so many dexterous varieties of one and the same genius *hich itself breathed through every character, and enforced them with its own particular humour. Thus, notwithstanding the great difference be tween them, of Mr. Job Johnson and Pelham, they were evidently children of the same pare:it. The wit of the one • was but a different reading of the other, the same also with their mutual wayward eccentricity, and humourous love of adventure. In fact, the lights and shadows of the author's own recherche turn of mind fell nearly equally on both. With regard to Sir Reginald Glanville, the more impassioned hero of " Pelham," he was evidently drawn from Godwin's singular and chivalrous creation of Falkland in " Caleb Williams. " Both were essentially men of one idea—however lofty might be that one—and both fell victims to the discomfiture of the one favourite feeling. But there are scenes in " Pelham" that will repay a thousand such trivial defects as the ones we have hinted at, and which the world " will not easily let die." We allude more especially to the ad venture in the thieves' flash-house in the West- minster-road —a most impressive piece of writ ing—to the death of Sir John Tyrrell, and the entire account of Pelham's frolics at Paris. Nor must we omit the singularly skilful unravel ling of the plot, which is wound up and un folded with a dexterity worthy of fielding. The " Disowned" is a novel of far higher pretensions. It has something but not much of the sly humour of " Pelham," but as a whole is cast in a loftier and more comprehen sive mould. It is a work of grave and solid pretensions, abounding in materials for thought, and developing favourite principles with great metaphysical acumen. So far as plot is concerned, it is desultory and - ,improbable, but as regards style, sentiment, and character, we really know not at the present day, among the novelists now immediately before the public, where to find its equal. Our favourite hero is Algernon Mordaunt, whose sorrows .are p9ur trayed with exquisite pathos ; as also the death of his young wife Isabel ; and who stands - forth in fine relief to the politic hypocrite Crauford. We subjoin a specimen of this truly dramatic contrast, with which our circumscribed limits compel us to conclude : One evening, when Cranford had joined Glendocver in his solitary wanderings, the dissembler renewed his at tacks. " But why not," said he, " accept front my friendship what to my benevolence you would deny? I couple with my offers, my prayers rather, no conditions. How then do you, can you, reconcile it to your conscience, to suffer your wife and child to perish before your eyes ?" " Man--man." said Glendower, " tempt me no more— let them die ! At present, the worst is death—what you offer me is dishonour." Heavens !--how uncharitable is this ! Can you call the mere act of accepting money from one who loves you, dishonour ?" " It is in vain that you varnish your designs," said Glen dower, stopping, and fixing his eyes upon him. "Do you not think that cunning ever betrays itself ? In a thousand words—in a thousand looks, which have escaped you, but not me, I know that, if there be one being, on this earth whom you hate, and would injure, that being is myself. Nay, start not—listen to me patiently, I have sworn that it is the last opportunity you shall have. I will not sub ject myself to farther temptation lam now sane ; but there arc things which may drive me mad, and in madness you might conquer. You hate me : it is out of the nature of earthly things that you should not. But even were it otherwise, do you think that I could believe you would come from your voluptuous home to these miserable retreats ; that, among the lairs of beggary and theft, you would lie in wait to allure me to forsake poverty, without a stronger motive than love for one who affects it not fur you ? I know you—l have read your heart—l have penetrated into that stronger motive—it is your own safety. In the system of atrocity you proposed to me, you arc the prin cipal. You have already bared to me enough of the ex tent to which that system reaches, to convince me that one miscreant, however ingenious, cannot, unassisted, support it with impunity. YOU want help : lamhe in whom you have dared believe yen could find it. Yon are detected—now be undeceived." Lino' s, JAN. 6 —To-day there was a grand drawing room at Court. • ilia Majesty was pleased to admit to the honour of kissing his hand all the Court; and the nume rous and brilliant assemblage of the most distinguished persolis, ecclesiastical, civil, and military, also went to the Royal Palace of Queluz, to enjoy the honour of congratu lating his Majesty, who graciously received every body with a paternal kindness, which so eminently characterises his royal heart, receiving from his loyal subjects, who had the honour of kissing his august hand, the tribute of love and attachment which, for sa many reasons, is due to the best of Kings. LISBON', JAN. 10.—The Gazette contains an Order for Court Mourning, for a month, for the late Emperor of Russia. A notice from time Board of Commerce states, that an official despatch from time Consul General of Portugal at Cadiz, of the 12th ult., announces that the Supreme Board of Health had given orders to cease the quarantine imposed upon ships coming from the ports of these King doms.—Lisbon Gazette to the 10th Jan. inclusive. It is a curious fact,—and perhaps unique of its kind,—that amongst the male servants in the establish nient of thellarquis of Exeter, at Burghley, is a complete band of scientific ringers, who while away their leisure in the hall with the changes of a set id the gift, we understand of the Marchioness. May not, therefore, the Stamfordians, who can hear the " bells of St. Michael's tower," any common day in the week, anticipate a prome nade in the park on the fine Sundays in the coming spring, to the lively tones of the " Merry, merry Burghley bells ?" Stamfiod News. THE TRAGEDY OF DOUGLAS.—It may not be generally known that the first rehearsal of this tragedy took place in the lodgings in the Canongate occupied by hlrs. Sarah Ward, one of Digges' company ; and that it was rehearsed by, and in presence of, the most distinguished literary characters Scotland ever could boast of. The following was the cast of the piece on the occasion : Dramatis Persona. 808.- Lord Randolph Dr. Robertson, Principal, Edinburgh Glenalvon David Hume, Historian Old Norval Dr. Carlyle, Minister of Musse!burgh Douglas .... John Home, the Author Lady Randolph Dr. Ferguson, Professor Anna (the Maid) Dr. Blair, Minister, High Church. Thu audience that day, besides Mr. Digges and Mrs. Ward, were the Right Hon. Patrick Lord Elibank, Lord Milton, Lord Karnes, Lord Monboddo, (the two last were then only lawyers,) the Rev. John Steel and Wm. Home, ministers. The company, all but Mts. Ward, dined after wards at the Griskin Club, in the Abbey. The above is a signal proof of the strong passion for the drama which then obtained among the literati of this capi tal, since then, unfortunately, much abated. The rehe3r sal must have been conducted with very great secrecy; fur what would the Kirk, which took such deep offence as the composition of the piece by one of its ministers, have said to the fact of no fewer than four of these being en gaged in rehearsing it, and two others attending the exhi bition ? The circumstance of the gentle Anna having been personated by "Dr. Blair, minister of the High Church," is a very droll one.--Edinburgh Weekly Chronicle. " Is it so?" maid Crauford; and as be saw that it was no longer possible to feign, the poison of his heart broke forth in its full venom. The fiend rose from the reptile, and stood expressed in its natural shape. Returning Glen dower's stern but lofty gaze with an eye to which all evil passions lent their unholy fire, he repeated, " Is it so ? r — then yon are more penetrating than I thought ; but it is indifferent to me. It was for your sake, not mine, most righteous man, that I wished you might have a disguise to satisfy the modesty of your punctilios. It is all one to Richard Crauford whether you go blindfold or with open eyes into his snare. Go you must, and shall. Ay, frowns will not awe me. You have desired the truth ; you shall have it. You are right, I bate you—hate you with a soul whose force of hatred you cannot dream of. Your pride —yonr stubbornness—your coldness of heart, which things which would stir the blood of beggars cannot warm—your icy and passionless virtue--I hate—l hate all! You are right also, most wise inquisitor, in supposing that in the scheme proposed to you lam the principal—l am ! You were to be the tool, and shall. I have offered you mild in ducements—please to soothe the technicalities of your eon science—you have rejected them—be it so. Now, choose between my first offer and the gibbet. Ay, the gibbet ! That night on which we made the appointment, which shall not yet he in vain—on that night you stopped me in thestreet—yon demanded money—you robbed me—l will swear—l will prove it. Now, then, tremble, man of morality--dupe of your own strength—you are in my power—tremble ! Yet in my safety is your escape—l am generous. I repeat my original offer—wealth, as great as you will demand, or—the gibbet—the gibbet—do I speak loud enough ?—do you hear?" " Poor fool !" said Glendower, laughing scornfully, and moving away. But when Cranfurd, partly in mockery, partly in menace, placed his hand upon Glendower's shoul der, as if to stop him, the touah seemed to change his mood from scorn to fury—turning abruptly round, he seized the 'villain's throat with a giant's strength, and cried out, while his whole countenance worked beneath the tem pestuous wrath within, " What if I squeeze oat thy poi sonous life from thee this moment !"--and then, once more bursting into a withering laughter, as he surveyed the terror which he had excited, he added, " No, no; thou art too vile !"—and, dashing the hypocrite against the wall of a neighbouring house, he strode away. THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN. ' that place before proceeding to Aidod . A fine park t of besieging artillery, prepared at Kieff, had erri7ted (From the Supplement to the St. Petersburgh Gazette, for this purpose about the middle of September. No. 154.) ; —Some misunderstandings, entirely administrative, " ST. PETERSBURDD, DEC. 24, (JAN. 6, N.s.) ' retarded the siege, and a premature winter, quite uncommon in these southerly countries, compelled " The false reports circulated in Europe on the eyents of Turkey; Iwo induced an Officer of the its postponement to the spring. Russian Staff to publish an itit6reairti firinifShiesi i " This incident is the only one in the course of which we hasten to communicate to our readers : the campaign tiftieli leas not entirely conformable to the views of the Emperor Of Russia, either Ism , " OBSERVATIONS BY A RUSSIAN OFFICER ON THE ~•,.. 1 1 nifested in his public acts, or in liis eohMential LATE TURFISJI CAMPAIGN. I communications; and the cause can be attribirted il The carnpa:ol tVh;.oh hes iiiit , aanel,u4ed s ' InsV,l , only to fortuitous circumstances. ing given occasion to a number of incorrect slaief 1 " Bat wey i rill cease to anticipate events, and has exaggerated commentaries, it appears of importance , ten to dest e rili ilf (xifevovole this campaign, which briefly to state its object, conduct, and results, in is represented as so fatal to stisli§rs. I order to undeceive those who have been led into "An army, coming partly from Podorti erki partly errors by writers who have misrepresented events ' from St. Petersburgh or Moscow, marches on th€ in so eetreordinary,a manner. `Pruth and the Danube. Composed, at first, of three " hit not ode iiitetitioll td etitet into a contra- corps of infantry, and four divisions of cavalry, the verify with those seritere; hilt .to tftettlifd* theif I sight corps, under General Roth, was naturally des declainatierii by a ainitile exposition Of faiei: I tined to the important occupation of the Principali " Aeceifiiii! id illitO Critied; Raisila lids fallen rice to the diettetiort of Giurgevo, Rudschuck , frati her irgreatness,her iiiiiiiee litiqi ilisp,rkne'iiited I i iiiiu Siligtriri: The centre corps, under the Grand from their ancient bravery, and the Turks have ju ke Mnajoki, \ids to besiege Brailoff; and, finally, proved themselves their superiors in defence. the left corps, undef tirettetel Rudiewitsch, stronger " Writers of this description cannot be too much I than the two others, was to ,!x055 the Danube w ith condemned for so perversely judging of events of , f our di v i s i o ns towards Issaktchi. which they are ignorant. Accustomed to the rapid " Every thing succeeded to our wish. The civet , and impetuous movements of Napoleon in the rich flowing of the Danube, which had been frozen up to and fertile regions of Italy and Germany, they follow tin the map an invading urmy, with a pair mof cote- the In Germany, of March, retarded, and the l itis ate true,themelting pa ssa geosfn theo passes, and decide on the conquest of a vast empire, river for some days. In order to get even to the lied calculating the number of marches necessary to of the river, it was necessary to raise a mound which over-run it, without taking any account of the nature would have done honour to the Roman legions. of the country, and the local difficulties, or even of the real projects of the belligerents. Their state- This delay, however, had not any real influence on the events of the campaign. merits, which are ridiculous in the eyes of profess " After the glorious passage effected at Satou. sional men of science, find, however, dupes; and the multitude, always ready to be seduced by declama- nowo, and followed by the taking of Issaktchi, the Emperor, compelled to carry out corps of observa tion, adopt their sinister predictions as oracular pro- tion before Matchin, Hirsova, Toultscha, and Kus ph eel es. "It will not be difficult to cast down the whole tendji, could not, without imprudence, ass Trojan's rampart with only the four brigades which remained scaffolding of their false reasonings. with him. "Certain editors of newspapers,ineasuring the short o distance which separates the lower Danube from the This first dissemination of our forces, which was indispensable, in order to secure the principali- Bosphorus, imagine that the plan of the Cabinet of ties, to enlarge the basis of operations, and to dis- St. Petersburgh ;can be nothing less than the con embarrass ourselves of the troublesome neighbour quest of Constantinople, and the dismemberment of hood of Brailoff, next our bridges on the Danube, the Ottoman empire. necessarily stopped offensive movements until the " The solemn declarations made by his Imperial end of June. Majesty, in the face of Europe, have not been suffi- ‘, As soon as the detached corps set at liberty by dent to undeceive them on this subject. They still the fall of the places they invested re-united, the make this false supposition the basis of all their cal army advanced towards Hussein Paella, drove his dilations. They then draw their conclusion, that as advanced guard from Bazardjik to Kosludgi, and the Emperor Nicholas ought, to please them, to have presented themselves before Shumla. This place gone to Constantinople, the campaign which he has was known for the high importance which its local just made is a failure, most deplorable and fatal to and strategic situation gave it. It was the refuge his glory, and to that of his army. of the Turkish army in all former wars. Hussein " The Russian Government, which never parti- had assembled upwards of 40,000 men here. Was ciliated in the visions of its detractors, has published it possible not to march against him and seek to the views by which it was governed in undertaking draw him to a decided engagement ? To suppose this war. Its motives and object have been made that our proceeding from Paravadi, straight on Aidos, known. would have determined the Seraskier to quit his "It is with the view of arriving at simple and camp at Sh um l a t o succour Ad r i anop l e , i s an error natural results, uninjurious to the equilibrium of Ell- which no military man who- knows the situation rope, and even favourable to its commercial interests of this camp and the Turkish character will •parti -it is to avenge the visitation of treaties, and to ola- cipate in. taro redress for manifest outrages, that Russia has ~ w e t taken up arms. To tranquillize neighbouring in- t herefore, as we ought to have done, pro ceeded against Shutnla, and the battle of the Bth of terests, she frankly announced this . object. How July con fi rme d t h e super i or i ty o f our i n f antry over could she, then, at all hazards, precip itate her armies the tumultuous masses of the enemy's cavalry. on Byzantium ? Well acquainted more than a cen_ "Having arrived before Shumla, it was necessary buy with the manner in which the Turks fight, could either to attack or observe it, for to blockade it was she be ignorant that such a campaign is one in which impossible, because of the vast extent of the group all the population flies at the approach of an enemy, of mountains amongst which it is placed. Two and afterwards assemble in fortresses where they leagues of intrencliments, which are bastioned in combat with energy ? Was not the example of Spain sufficiently recent to prove to Russia that a every point where access would be easy,—a consider country where every mail is a soldier cannot be sub- able town, built in the form of an amphitheatre, on a mountain whose crest is again studded with in clued by a rapid advance? Two hundred and fifty trencliments thousand French veterans over-ran the Iberian Pe . ,---such is the post which some persons ninsula, without being able to maintain themselves " pretend we ought to have carried at the first on-et. A regular siege was not .practicable, any more in Spain, though that country presented more re- than a blockade. sources for subsistence, and a population far less L Because half the park employed at Brailow military. was unserviceable, and that the park coining from " Too wise not to profit by past experience, Kiew was still more remote. Russia would not have embarked in a war of inva sion into such inhospitable countries, unless the 2 . Because by directing the attack on the lower t declared object of the war had compelled her to town and effecting a breach there, nothing was to be gained. , It , would still have been , necessary .. . t i o establish a just proportion between the risks to be carry w i th t h e oayonet every street or a town uunt run and the advantages to be gained by such a pro ceeding. It was necessary that Russia should, in on successive elevations, and commanded by a vast the first place, occupy the principalities, and secure line of entrenchments 300 tosses above t h e pract icable' ' the position of her army in them by capturing two breach, and finally defended by men whose obstinacy fortresses, which were indispensable to the obtaining behind a rampart is well known. The attack half of winter-quarters; and, secondly, afterwards ex- way up on the south-east, where there is no bastiou , , tend her offensive operations ns far as possible, in or the escalade of the heights more remote - from the order to incline the Porte More promptly to enter place, w here the only operations which could be into an arrangement on bases which can no longer propose d ; but they afforded the prospect of only be a diplomatic mystery, since they are developed in very hazardous chances, and could not be attempted solemn proclamations. without a horrible carnage. "An army of 115,000 men, forming, after de- " Had the Emperor Nicholas failed in such an ducting the useless hands, a mass of 85,000 fight- attack, he . must have repassed the Danube, and com ing men, crossed the Danube and the Pruth at the his best troops, and would have long re tarded the peace which it is wished to conquer.— " of May. " After adapting the force thus placed in action to promised which it . Could the avowed object of the war admit of incur the configuration of the theatre of war, which re- ring su ch risks ? We leave question. leave it to our antagonists this quired two diverging lines of operations, and calcu• the m se lves to answer V " luting the extent of territory to be occupied, the The question being resolved negatively, the course to be adop ted was no longer doubtful. To number of fortresses to be taken or masked, it was evident the Russians could not arrive at the foot of o b ser ve I Shumla , lor der to paralyze ht e army of the Balkan with 40,000 men at-the most. This little Hussein, and to reduce n Varna, whilew aiting for the army, still having Varna to capture, and an en- corps of Sherbatoff and the Guards, which arrived trenched camp of 40,000 Turks to observe at about the Ist of September—to form at the same Shuinla, what means did it possess of carrying its period the siege of Silistria, in order to secure win eagles to the walls of Byzantium, without exposing ter quarterske advantage of the between the Danube reinforcements and the sea, and . itself to the risk of passing over the candine folks ? then to ta And for what object should it have good.naturedly mi g ht arrive to reduce Shumla, or to push f which ertvard exposed itself to such a danger ? Was not a wise on Bourgas,--such was the plan which reason dic tated, and such was that which the Emperor adopt and prudent war the only course which could be reconciled with the declared object of Russia, and ed, who, after giving the necessary orders before with her political situation with respect to Europe ? Varna, proceeded to Odessa, t o wait until the arrival " The Emperor was not ignorant that if he chose of reinforcements shou ld ena ble him to undertake to leave 30,000 in observation between the Balkan some enterprise w orthy and Silistria, and to collect 50,000 men in the di- l i re s e nce at the arm y . to be distinguished by his reetion of Paravadi, he could penetrate on Aidos, " Here we must confess, Varna had been made leaving Varna and Shumla behind him. rather too light of, on the most incorrect reports. " He would have arrived in the plains of Faki The mertes which had at first been.destined for this and Adrianople, with 300,000 men at most. The siege became insufficient. In vain did the fleet lat. remainder would have been employed as detach- terly bring some reinforcements, and the indispen sable material. These were not enough to invest monts necessary to secure his magazines and to occupy Bourgas, and besiege the fortress. " Supposing even that this little army would " From this first frank resulted, for Prince Menzi. hare been sufficient to capture the capital of Roma- koff—now surrounded with difficulties which his nia, and to menace eve!' that of the empire, we talents alone could not overcome—the indispensable ask whether the 30,000 men left between the necessity of directing his attack on the sea side, Balkan and Bucharest would have been sufficient where all the resources and the powers of the spa te occupy six conquered towns, to guard Moldavia dron. lay, but which happened likewise to be the and Wallachia, and to carry on hostilities with the strongest point of the fortification. This circum numerous garrisons of Widdin, Rudschuck, Giur- stance prolenged the defence beyond the term on gevo, and Silistria, and, finally, to keep head which we had calculated. Instead of being in pos against the whole army of Hussein, intrenched tip session of Varna on the 30th of August, and of to the teeth at Sihumla, and to invest the corps of then forming an union of the corps of Sherbatoff the Orphan Pacha, who had collected about 20,000 and of the Guard, with those of Rudzewitch and men for the defence of Varna. Every military man Prince Eugene of Wurtemburg, to push the war be of common sense will reply that the thing was im- yond the Balkan, or to surround Shumla, and to rc possible. Therefore it would haVe been necessary duce by famine the army by which it was garri. to reinforce the army of observation ; the march on soned, it became necessary to employ all the month Adrianople, executed by 20,000 men, would have of September and all our disposable means, against been nothing but a dangerous coup-de-main, even Varna, which the Turks considered, with some ap when considered only in a military point of view; pearauce of reason, as the bulwark of Romelia and but such an incursion will appear much more hazard- Constantinople. The importance which they tit ous if one takes into consideration the difficulty of tached to its fate was so great, that the °Titer , subsisting all the troops employed in Romania and Pacha came to command there in person, with all the Bulgaria until the capture of Varna secured a source troops he could collect, while the Grand Vizier ad of provisioning for the army, which hitherto relied vanced with the last reserves of the empire to Aidos upon Odessa for every thin g . to second and to succour him. " Every person, without being a professor of sta- " Such was the situation of affairs when the Em tistics, must know that Bulgaria and Romania are peror rejoined his army before Varna. His Majesty perfect deserts, and when the weak population of conceived that he ought to concentrate all his atten these arid countries flies with all it possesses, an tion and all his efforts to accelerate its surrender. army cannot exist there for 24 hours without carry- " The• excessive heats of the month of August, ing every necessary along with it. It becomes really when the thermometer rose to 46 . degrees of Reau an ambulatory colony, which must carry with it mar in the sun, had caused, along with the bad every necessary article, even down to the coal.whieh water, diseases in the army. The corps of Slier is required for shoeing a horse, or forging the daily batoff answered, therefore, for no other purpose repairs which an immense materiel requires. than to fill up the momentary voids which were thus "An exact knowledge of the difficulties of obtain- occasioned in the ranks. Thus the army was only ing provisions would induce the Emperor Nicholas reinforced by the Guard, which if was necessary to to trust nothing to chance so long as he was not place in line in order to protect the siege of Varna. master of Varna; and a just appreciation of the im- ' " The site of this fortress, between the Lake of portance of Silistria, for the safety of his winter- Dwina and_ the sea, rendered its investment very difs quarters, must mak, it imperative on him to reduce ficulf, since, in order to accomplish that operation, it is necessary to throwinto the south a corps which was that entirely isolated fl-om that of the siege,,ana efp6Sed ; td' all the Ottotnan force. " The o'O'irstibtis' bcfbre Varna, mncb' as- the? have been shackled eitt Npetled by this complier tion, and by the great difficidties - which the nature of the country opposed to us, liefe„ , notwithstandinge been glorious to our arms, and all {l4e efforts made by the troops of Omer Vrione and the Grand- Visier" have been baffled by the firm stand of se 'en' bea' lions of the Guard, who repulsed the enemy oa , tvor occasions, with immense loss. The battle of th e Isti, of September may also be reckoned as a aNe cessful event; if it be proper to judge an operation by its final result'. i;Jndoubtedly Prince Eugene of Wurtemberg did not effete the destruction of a. eel° three times superior to his otwit,. and strongly iv' trenched, but at least he has succeeded in dividirl the atitemion and the forces of the Turks, and obliging Omer Vrione to remain satisfied with act-. ing on the defensive . .. That the Prince did not sue' ceed more completely is to be imputed to the eves' sive bravery of a brigade, which threw itself in th e midst of the enemy's redoubts, without waiting fa r , the co-operation of the other troops, or body 0 artillery at that time engaged in reads and dedles , • most impracticable. " At last Varna yields to the perseverance 0 4 Prrnness of our troops, and some hundreds of these., solder:, called degenerate, have carried terror a I slaughter to the very centre of the town; and the enemy, who has distinguished himself by as noble a defence, begins to perceive that no other wed to safety is open but through the clemency of th e cote queue-. The fortress of Romelia surrenders at dill" cretion at the sight of the small army which had determined to deliver it, and that town, which WO never ceased to be under the Ottoman yoke since the 'destruction of the Lower Empire, salutes, for the first time, the banners of the victorious Russians' " Thus,in less than four months, this army, Which reached us at so unfavourable a season, has invaded three large provinces; taken two places, which hold the flrn rank among the Turkish fortresses; and has planted the ,Ingle upon the ramparts of Braila; Matchin, lssaktchi, Hirsova, Kustendji, Toultehi; and, lastly, of that famous Varna, which so mall writers had prophesied would prove the tomb of its glory. " Anxious to finish this sketch, we were on the' point of passing unnoticed the battii> fought uncle Silistria by General Roth, sad in Little Wallach ia by Baron de Geismar. These battles are Idori°°6 to our arms, especially the latter; for on one oceel sion 4,000 of our soldiers boldiv attacked more than 20,000 Turks, who, under the protection of fey tresses, such as Widdin, Giurgeve, Rudschucke and their numerows garrisons, expected nothing 10 * than to expel us from the principalities, but whto flo, Or their great surprise, found themselves obliged If and in so much disorder, that they abandoned th e important post of Kalafat, to seek refuge beyond th e Danube. ------- " Whilst the principal army was obtaining thee" successes in Europe, a small division under Prince Menschikoff repelled whole armies of the eneisso while engaged in carrying on the works of a difficut siege, and reducing in Asia the important fortress (I Anapa. A few days after the fortress of Poti open& its gates to General Hesse, and secured to us th e e mouths of the Phasis, and the:entire occupation 0 the shore of Mingrelia and Imeritia. " Lastly, another handful of brave men have in' mortalized themselves, by attacking the Paehalik6o near the cradle of the Ottoman Empire, anti con' sidered the centre of the Turkish power in Asia. , " Count Paskewitsch, loaded with the laurels 00" he,, gathered in Persia, burst with impatience t' limits which separate Turkish Armenia from Persia , and proceeded upon Kars, a fortress not less import ant by its own situation, as by its strategic position , being placed in the midst of the enemy's frontier. fig carried it by assault on the 25th of June, as well 0 5 the citadel, hitherto reputed impregnable. The 0'; rison, nearly equal in number to his army, oppose' him with a vain resistance. In a few hours they were all either slain or taken prisoners, and_ he ha. thus destroyed, in the very beginning of his Career , the defensive system of the enemy, who, a l wa ys slsof and cautious in his operations, counted upon havig4 time enough, by the prolonged defence of this for' tress, to collect a sufficient force to arrest our pro' gross. " Count Paskcwitsch was informed that. the Pasha of Erzeroum had selected the fortress 0 Akhaltsykh as a point of union for a numerorr body. He was sensible of all the importance of tlO fortress as opening a direct route 'to the Russian provinces in Georgia. As his force was not stiff)" ciently strong to allow him to leave a detach/1)0A' behind him, he directed his course with the greatest rapidity towards that spot. He surmounted the difficulties which the rugged chains of the mountain s of Tschildurs offered, and appeared before Akhallo laki, which he took, in consequence of the confusion and terror which his sudden appearance caused. " Having reached Koma on the 4th of August , he perceived himself with 7,000 or 8,000 men, WI the presence of 30,000 of the enemy, collected fu r the defence of Akhaltsykh. After two or three days hail been spent in partial engagements, he de termined on making a decisive attack on the 9th of August. To attack the town—to rash upon and rout an eneJny four times their number, was, to our small battalions, the work of a few hours; and w ith' out giving time to the Ottomans to recover from their stupor, they proceeded, on the 13th, to the 0' sault of the fortress ; upon which occasion 15,00 soldiers, or armed inhabitants, who were within the fortress, were slain or captured by less than 5,00° men, after a combat which will be placed in the rank of the most celebrated deeds of arms in the present time. The fortresses of B a j aze t, Atskhote:: and Ardagan, experienced the same fate at the en' of August, and completed the success of this little army, and scattered terror even to the walls of Erie" rotim and Trebizonde,—eountries where, for agog last, she fierce Mussulman has not conceived th e bare possibility of beholding the standards of th e Christians. " These numerous trophieg, to which may he, added, 1,280 pieces of artillery, 40( 1 standards, and 20,000 prisoners, have cost Russia no more thell, .18,000 or 20,000 men slain, or so badly wound ed as to be incapable of again serving. " What, then, are the grand exploits which our enemies will oppose to those which we have jeg s enumerated, and what are the victories for which foreign journals have succeeded in gaining credit hi distorting facto? The defeat of two of our batty lions, which incautiously ventured too far in a re" connoitre, and the loss of one redoubt with 0 cannons, surprised in the night-time, through the blind confidence of its guardians. These are t r ifling . events , common enough in war, but which nev er have any influence on its results. " Behold, in it few words, what some writers' jealous of success, have not blushed to call an ne: no ‘ t c fortunate campaign, fatal to the glory of the coo , o q t il i e li or c s a l m / pai N gn oth e i c n iu g all i y s uwn•arnotritnugnatteo, Ranudssihaebrutwasi:: • riors, then masters of Silistria, Rudse,:tick, and per hips also of Shumla, will descend victoriously upo the plains of Adrianople. tan, appreciating better than the European jour, • rialists the results of the war, will pereeiiT 1 • prudence of provoking new dangers instead of ed • !feting to the moderate conditions traced out by obligelt is reasonable tm to proceedte p pgi c e re t , h a a t t i:.i the thatT u t r h k e s . s vv , Russia in the declarations which preceded the war. " Indeed, if Russia be again forced to have re' • course to arms, the next campaign will prove, better than any argument of ours, the advantages which • have been gained in the last. " The bare enumeration of the advantages which have been gained, and of the trophies conquered , would prove a refutation to the declamations We are combatting, by showing that the Russian army ha s effected inure in Turkey during these four mosithgs than ever before for the space of many campaigeg• We cannot, however, avoid acknowledging, that.no' withstanding the successes which have been gair