The Sun. — London, England, 1859-01-25 00:00:00

• .00v AC,*. . 407 e. 7 1 ;1 , 150 i te . N- 4z. 40 0, , • -.40. , 67.. . POACHING ..(IFF . _ • ' N. 6 • / / / / Z MERSETSIII.RE. Ik‘ 44G0 , 'OA f. E• , t -*- - ' • • - _ - - - . . • - • • 2; 6, , * encounter with armed night poa, , • Vfi.g" • ,: d* 0 11 t " , 66 , • V / 100 k place on Saturday last, in Pilton-wood,si 4 •,, . k Ro 'V 4•" DIE • 7.%1 , 4,171 r. 144 ,01% r one - . bt th e e N . N s 'e o e i n n e s h e e t P s h t n r 0 t e e t s a b na elo G ii fv. ia n t ; n t b o ury, the Ri N if; IVS -P.l 11 ;~~' N ti. , tiers tuate to of .fight Hon: Lord Portman, in which. two young men, named Miell, sons of a farmer at Pilton, were fired -- at, and more or less injured. - LONDON CRYSTAL PALACE, REGENT CIRCUS; OXFORD-STREET and GREAT PORT LAND-STREET. This magnificent-building is NOW OPEN to the public, for the SALE of all kinds of USEFUL and FANCY AtarCLES. The Photographic Establishment, Aviary, CO-aservatorY, General Refreshment Room, and Ladies' Private Refresh- Menfßoom, with Retiring Room attached, arc replete in their several departments. ADMISSION FREE. zc e nt, )n -aat vas PRICE 4D. STAMPED, SD. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 25, 1859. No. 20,778 DR. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 3, TICHBOURNE-STREET (Opposite the Hay market). CIOCKS'S- CELEBRATED READING SAUCE NJ.. which is so highly esteemed with Fish, Garlic, Steaks Soups, Grills, Gravies, 4.10 t and, Cold Meats, and unrivall ed for .general use, Is,sold by the most respectable dealers in Fish Sauces.—J. and C. COCKS, Reading:, Sole Manufacturers. demands of the lonians, and we saw it exemplified in some of the disturbances ten years ago; but no statesman can say that he comprehends its true purport, or its true power. If it could be estab lished in actual ascendancy it would revolutionise Europe. The end might be for better-or worse, but it would be .revolution still. All we can say at present is, that the worst governed States of Italy are 'those under native Governments ; and if we revert from the facts of the present time to the, lessons of the past we search the pages of' history in vain for any period when Italy has shown itself capable of unity or independence.---=limes. she aly ice, Open daily (for Gentlemen only) : LECTURES at Four and Eight o'clock, on important and interestincr. topics in connection with ANATOMY, PHY SIOLOGY, and PATHOLOGY` (vide'Programmes). .Adruission ONE SHILLING. DR. • KAHN'..S.NINE LECTURES ON THE PHILO SOPHY OF ICIARRIAGE, &c., sent post free, direct from the Author, on the receipt of twelvo stamps. , P ÜBLICATIOIN T S. • CAPT. 3IAYNE REID'S NEW NOVEL. WE IR,. On Friday, Jan. 28,' in 3 vols., with illustrations by wEnt, A• By Capt. MAYNE REID, Author of "The Rifle Rangers," &c. , Hurst and Blaekett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. O...LENTIELD EATENT STARC H, N_A USED IN THE ROYAL LAUNDRY, 11ND PRONOUNCED- BY Inn MAJZStY'S LAUNDRESS to be THE FDIEST STARcIf SHE EVER USED. Sold by all Chandlerd, Grocers - Ste., BTI.R,VS. RGYLL-ROOMS/ Windmill-street, Piccadilly. -L-A_ These popular and celebrated rooms, are open every tvening, with R. R. Bignell's Grand Orchestra, conducted by that great composer, Mons. Antony Lamotte, of Paris. Leader, Charles flail. Mons. Bouicourt, thacelebrated cornet a-piston .player, performs n*litly, with other talented artistes. Selections from Rigolet to, Il Trovatore, La Traviata, lin,guenots, Robert le Diable, and the new opera Martha. lianager, R. R. BignelL Doors open at half-past 8,. close ten minutes before 12. Admission, is. to Promenade. N•.—All applications for the above band for Concerts and Balls, to be made_ to Mr. William Price, treasurer; al the Rooms. - • HOWES AND CUSHING'S GREAT UNITED STATES CIRCUS.—A safe place of amuse raent.—The ALHAMBRA PALACE, Leicester-square, hav inuegedbeen Constructed as a model of architecture, no accident be apprehended. The Morning Performances are particularly recommended, as the Pantomime can be seen with the same effect as at night. ELLA, - the wonder of the world.—The celebrated ho rse, :Cruiser" will be ethibited' in his subdued,state, as tam ed 0 Y Mr. Rfirey.—" Black Eagle," the horse of beauty.—The educated mules, " Pete " and " Barney." • The Comic _Panto rime, entitled THE MISER OF BAGDAD, represented in he circle at each performance. Pit, is • Boxes .2s • Reserved - Seats, 35.; Stalls, 55.; private Boxes,Children . 'under Nine years of age, half-Priee. Gallery, Od• Two Performances Daily at two and half-past seven p.m. ROYAL GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION, 14, REGF,NT STREET, - EVERY EVENING. - SEWER'S Magnificent PANORAMA of the MAMMOTH I'AVE of KENTUCKY, the largest and -most beautifuleave ! . n the world.—The FALLS of NIAGARA, in SUMMER and ,`„Y,INTER—the Niagara River—Lakes Ontario and Erie.— The NATURAL BRIDGE of VIRGINIA, 215 feet in ',e l l2:ht," 55 feet wide, and 93feet long.—The Grand PRAIRIES of ILLINOIS ; the scene of a prairie on lire is beautiful ",eYOnd description. Many of the nobility, clergy, and gentry I :,,L . ETlglartil have seen the Panorama, and have accorded to it ‘ueittnost unqualified approbation. An interesting and de- Reriptive Lecture will be given during , the Exhibition. Vocal and instrumental music by Mrs. Agnes Hough.—Doors open at halt-past Seven o'cicck, curtain rises at Eight. Carriages 1 114 3 , be ordered for ten o'clock.—Admission, stalls, 3s. ; un reserved seats, 2s. and is. Children, half-price to stalls and centre seats. Box-offtee open, where reserved seats may be Re Cured, from 12 till 4 daily, SALE OF STORES AND THREE , STACKS OF HAY. Order of .the SECRETARY OF STATE for WAR.--TO BE SOLD BY PUBLIC AUCTION, at the ROYAL AIISENAL, WOOLWICH, on THURS DAY, the 27th Januaky, DM, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, Precisely,,, the following Stores :—Harness (old), Leather °'"), Serge (old), Canvas (old), Wool (old), Great Coats, Iron, „,ead Ashes, Junk, Pilch Cloths, Calico Cap Covers, Rags, 'T, I B, Canteens, Zinc, Hay, Reeds, Wood (old). A zaLay be view e d, f rom 10 t o 4 o'clock, on the three working `4..558 previous to the sale, and Catalogues obtained at the W ar -office Pall-mall; at the Tower ; and Royal Arsenal , oolwich: CONTRACT FOR RIIM. Department of the CoinVtroller for Victualling and Transport Services, Somerset-house, 20th Jan 1859 THE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTING the 01'110E4 LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the UNITED 1. / V 40 D031 of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, DO „ratEBY GIVE NOTICE, that on THURSDAY; the 3d yebruary next, at Half-Dast One o'clock, they will be ready 1,0 treat with such Persohs as may be willing to CONTRACT g r Supplying and d e li v ering into her Majesty's "Victualling tores at Deptford. RUM 50,000 Gallons, -••- - * When to be delivered—Half in three weeks, and the re lit ainder in three weeks afterwards, or earlier if preferred by ite art tendering Tenders may be made for the whole or any portion of the rum. .Their Lordships reserve to themselves the power, when die tenders ar e opened, of contracting either for the whole, or for such part thereof only as they may deem fit, or for a greater quantity, or of not contracting for any, and also an Unlimited power of selection. The rum to be exempted from the Customs' duties, and Parties tendering are to state where it is lyiry;. Samples of the rum to be sent in pints for each import mark, and the average strength of each mark ex to be stated, and not an average of difiWent marks or strengths of several imports, and any parcel of rum that is found not to be of the same quality, mark, or average strength of the sample ten dered and accepted, will be rejected by the officers, The samples produced by persons whose tenders are not ac cepted, are requested to be taken away by them immediately after the Contract has been decided. No tender will be received unless made on the printed form Provided for the purpose, and which may be obtained at the said office, or to the Officer conducting the Packet Service at Liverpool, or to the Collector of Customs at BristoL The conditions of the revised contract, to which particular attention is called, may be seen at the said office, and at Liver- Pool and Bristol. No tender will be received after Half-past One o'clock on the day of treaty, and it will not be required that the party tendering, or an agent on his behalf, should attend at the thrice on the day of Contract, as the result of the offer received fro m e act' person will be communicated to him and his pro posed ksureties in writing. `Every tender m us t b e a dd re ssed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, and bear in the left-hand corner the words " Ten house. r Rum," and must also be delivered at Somerset- ()INOPOLION TAVERN and. HOTEL Nos. 1, and 2, Brownlow-street, High-Holborn, W.C. The Best Served Dinner in London for ls. Gd. A Succession of Joints from One till Seven o'Clock. Priva.te and Smoking Rooms. T ABLE D'HOTE on SUNDAYS, at 5 o'clock, 2s. each. BOARD AND RESIDENCE. Superior Home is offered to a Gentleman of steady habits, en- Med during the day, by a family residing, near Regent's •,l-ylc. For a young man coming to London for the first time t-References to be exchanged. Address, J. P., Wright's Dairy, Granby-street, liampstead-road, N.W. To THE NERVOUS AND DEBILITATED. ~. CHARLES WATSON, M.D., Fellow and Honorary vi ce - President of the Imperial African Institute of France, Corres. Member of the Medical Societies of Rouen and Peru, National Academy of Sciences,•Paris, &c., and late Resident Ph ysician to the Bedford Di s p ensar y, 27, Alf r ed-place, Bed ford -square, London, contin ue s t o i s s ue , on receipt of six stamps, " THE GUIDE TO SELF-CURE." - " Those about entering the Marriage State should peruse lir. Watson's invaluable little work, as the advice he gives on ealth and disease reflects much credit upon him as a sound Medical philosopher.' '—Critic. " The true Guide to those who desire a speedy and private cure,"—University Magazine. " The ' NEW AMERICAN DISCOVERY' demonstrates the absurdity of the English mode of treating such cora- Plaints, will prove a blessing to the afflicted, who may sately and easily regain pristine health by adopting the means pre • rented."—Evening Sun. For Qualification, vide " Diplomas," and the " London Medical Directory." FIFTY THOUSAND CURES Have been effected without Medicine, inconvenience or expense of indigestion (dyspepsia), Constipation, Flatulency, Phlegm, Nervousness, Biliousness, Liver Complaints, Hysteria, Neuralgia, - Sleeplessness, Acidity, Palpitation, neartburn, Eruptions, Impurities, Irritability, Low Spirits, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Hemorrhoids, Headache, Noises in the Head and Ears, Debility, Despondency, Cramps, Spasms, Nausea, and Sickness (during pregnancy or at sea), Sinking Fits, Cough, Asthma, Bronchitis, Consumption, also Children's ' nu B Complaints, are effectually removed by ARRY'S delicious Health-Restoring REVALENTA ARABICA. FOOD, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, and is, moreover, the best food for infants and invalids generally, as it never turns acid on the weakest stomach, nor Interferes with a good liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch and dinner, and restores the the most en faculty feedigestion, and nervous and muscular energy to led. We extract a few out of the many thousand expressions of latitude from invalids thus cured .—Cure No. 71, of dyspep sia, from the Right Hon. the Lord . Stuart de Decies—" Oro- Liana, Cappoquin, County Waterford.—l have derived con siderable benefit from Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the nubile to authorise the publication of these lines. Stuart de. Decies." Cure No. 49 ,832. " Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, ner vousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomiting, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Food. Maria Jolly, `Northam Ling, near Dias, Norfolk." Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing, Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Hefts, of extreme ner vousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous I an ci es. Cure No. 48,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool: of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irritability. Cure No. 18,216. Dr. Andrew lire. of con stipation, dyspepsia, nervous irritability. Curs No. 34,210. Dr. Shorland, of dropsy and debility. Cure No. 36,212. Cap tain Allan, of epileptic fits. Cure No. 42,116. Major Edie, of liver and kidney disease, and total prostration of strength Cure No. 36,418. Rev. Dr. Minster, of cramps, spasms, and daily vomitings. Cure*To. 26,418. Dr. Harvey, of diarhoea and debility. Cure No. 39,528 . Dr. Wurtzer, of consumption. ' Cure No. 32,880. Wm. Runt. Esq., barrister, of paralysis. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roherts,timber-merchant, of Frim ley, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver de raugement, partial deafness. Cure No. 180. "Twenty-five Tears' nervousness, constipation, indigestion, and debility, from which I have suffered great misery, and which no me dicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured ti 7 Du Barry's Food in a very short time. W. B. Reeves,lBl, leet-street, London." Cure O. 4,208. "Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, hays been effectually cured by Du Barry's health restoring Food. Rev. John W. Flavell, Itiddlineton Rectory, Norfolk." Cure No. 3,906. "Thirteen years'cough, ges. tion, and general debility have been removed by u Barry's excellent Food. James Porter. Athol-street, Perth."D Suitably packed for all climates, and with full instructions. In canisters, lib., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. fat; 51b., lls. ; 121 b., 225. Super refined quality. 10th., 335. The 101 b. and 121b.canis ters a re f orwarded carr i age free, oh - r eceipt of Post -o tllce - order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London ; Fort num, Mason, and Co., 182 Piccadilly, and through all gro cer ' s Pnd ch em i s t s i n town and country. Dr. PALL ACE'S PILLS and OINTMENT are prepared upon scientific principles, without mercury, to prevent the `danger and injury resulting. from quack preparations ; they purify, regulate, and strengthen the system, and cure effee tually dyspepsia (bad digestion), bile, flatulency, constipation , liver and stomach complaints and all internal disorders ; and the Ointment heals sores, wounds, ulcers, boils, burns, car buncles, chaps, pimples, diseases of the scalp, &c. Both pills and ointment are carefully puked for all climates, at ls. 2s. 9d., and 4s. 6d. London agents : Hannay, 63, Oxford-st. ; Sanger, 153, Oxford-street., and may be ordered through all medicine vendors. DU•II.I.II,RY'S PULMONIC COUGH BON BONS arc a nice, safe, and effectual remedy for cou,ghs, colds, hoarseness, asthma, and all affections of the lungs, throat, and of unrivalled excellence. In boxes—is. 11d., 2s. 9d., 4snd. •J. Sanger, 150, Oxford-street, London, and all Chemists, - DU BARRY'S ANT I-DIARRWEA L BON BONS are a never-failing remedy for English cholera, bowel complaint, • diarrhoea, dysentery, &c., &c. In boxes—ls. 1 id., 2s. 94., 4s. 6d. J. Sang,er, 150, Oxford-street, London, and all Ch em i sts. DU BARRY'S FOOD FOR INFANTS, CHILDREN, AND INVALIDS, supersedes the dangers and exp ense o f wet nursing, as infants are easily reared with it, and it is the best and most digestible Food for the delicate and invalids of any age. In canisters, at 25.. and 121 b 21s. The large canis ters free of carriage. Barry Du Barry, and Co., 77, Regent street, London. Avoid Pills, and all other Medicine for Indigestion (dys pepsia), habitual Constipation, Flatulency, Acidity, Palpita tion of the Heart, Torpidity of the Liver, bilious Headaches, Nervousness, Biliousness, GeneratDebility, Diarrhoea, Cough, Asthma, a Consumption, Despondency, Spleen, &c. Send 2d. in stamps, and you will 'receive free by Post. popular Trea tise, 61 pages :—" THE NATURAL REGENERATION OF Tll E DIGESTIVE ORGANS." Without pills, purgatives, or medicines of any kind, and without expense, by a simple, Pleasant, and infallible means which 'saves 50 times its cost in other remedies ; adapted to the general reader. London: James Ctilbert,p, Paternoster-row, and through all book. Sellers 1~ him, the pri arrn, aged Inc of Is too auser 01 pi 1 it up )d Of IPPer L but ich a cutor The such 1 the entire 3 had nit of ed for -house Meer - Bull, Woolf T was .ve the cl - who a the ?tween isoner Cham ,-?etable g him ;longer Le was in into ly col id not e poor 1y for widart , to the , Caol id her Luced a t occa ten by ed, and LOCAL ; of Par ) recortv )f Com iiirposeg vas held A , &Vl' pointed, CE, AND )lomong , bserve- - e j Field, Glasses, g;l2 and iow dis nd three A. lie i r day arlt. also pre en, an& AI a per ' and an ra astro nc,s, and re can be ers, and Paten.t. newly :t Glass? be seen r answer Opera rly seeo ihootingl n, game -ses of the D derived paired is sons are eupation LgnifYing ;es to the Persons by send ;tter, and tall print Lades by Organic; •inventeu [1 others, probably it as the I to hear e unplea tirely re • bly could )bserve---- 3 of Alex. tory, the hter. Beckwith 'Was, St. n. L Church, re y E. C. Mx., to 0' GradYt le parish B.WreYt . Thomas he abovo colushir?, mural Sir ;I ampden- Asea, and . Bickers; Mayfa !e, Hyde ' Hunter, re, Leeds, ~ F. 5.4 .1.m5..1....... irOUNG , No. ill% County • - Immediately, Vol. 1., in Ciown Bvo, with Portiait of Fox in his youth, of t• - . • LIFE" OF. CHARLES JAWS FOX. By the Right Hou. LORD.JOHN RUSSELL, M.P. Richard Bentley, publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. Cheaper Edition, with 143 Illustration), 2i., • N ATURAL PHILO,S op gY - - FOR -.BEGINNER.S. London : John - W. l'arker and Son, West Strand. Third Edition, with numerous illustrations, 25., . T'ASY - -IN . - MECUANICS. LA Londoii : Uohn W::Parker and Son, West-Strand. - Smeonel cloth, • - 1 4 - IIRST POETICAL 'READING BOOK. 13y W. MACLEOD, Head Master of the Model School, Royal Military Asylaps. By the same. • . • SECOND READINg. SOOk.. Fifth Editions 8 - 4. . ' _London i John W. Parker - and Son, West Strand. THE CENTENARY OF ROBERT BU RNS. The festivals in connection with this interesting event will be fully glelineate4 and described in the TRATED LONDON NEWS" for Jan. 29, and Fe"b, 5.. • ILLUS- Office, 198, Strand, - . - . Just published, price by post free, 2s. 4d., • OSPERMATORRIL (E A. ‘-• By F. R .COURTENAY, M.R.C.S, and formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the Cure of Stric tures of the Urethra. The aim of the author is to present a common-sense TlOvr of the Causes, Nature, Consequences, and Treatment of this Disease; as also to free these questions from the Professional Fallacies, the. Popular Delusions, and the exaggerations of Quackery by which they have hiaierto been surrounded, to the destruction of the health and happiness of thousands. These objects are discussed in a common-sense and highly practical manner."—Medical Circular. • London : H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. FEIST'S RACING RECORD for 1858, with Nomitiations for 1859, is now published. W. Wright, Fulwood's Rents, Holborn, London. 1720. ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCIt CORPORATION (Established by Charter of hiS Majesty George the First) FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, .AND ANNUITIES. Offices, Royal Exchange, London. Branch Office; 19, OCTAVIUS WIGRAM, Esq., Governor. GEORGE FEMMES BARCLAY, ESQ., Sub-Governor. Sir Jowl W1LL.1.&31 Lonuocx, Bart., Deputy-Governor. DIRECTORS.. Henry Bainbridge. Esq. - Wilmot Holland, Esq. John Garrett Cattley, Esq. Chas. Jno. Manning, Esq. Edwd. Maxwell Daniell, Esq. Hon. Oio. T. Leslie Melville, William Davidson, Esq. Sir Jno. 'Henry Pelly, Bart. Thomas Dent, Esq. ' Hon, - Jose,INT. Percy, M.P. Alexander Druee, Esq. Alexander P. Prevost, Esq. Frcdk. Jos. Edlinann, Esq. Regnid. F. Remington, Esq. Charles Farquharson, Esq. Charles - Rob!nson, Esq. itiversdale W. Grenfell, Esq. William SOltiu, Esq. Itobt. Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq. Wm. Tetlow Hibbert, - Esq. William Wallace, Esq. Jas. Stewart Hodgson, Esq. Chas. Baring Young, Esq. Medical Referee, SAMUEL SCILLY, Esq., F.R.S. NOTICE.—The usual fifteen days allowed for payinent of FIRE PREMIUMS Tailing due at Christmas will expire on 9th January. FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this Corporation on advantageous terms. In the Life Department, assurances are granted with par ticipation in Profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such participation. The Reversionary Bonus on British Policies has averaged nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sum assured, or 48 per cent. upon the Premiums paid. Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums payable by persons who preferred that form of. Bones. The future divisions o Profit will take place every Five years. Any sum not exceeding £15,000 may be insured on one Life. Corporation affords to the Assured — Liberal particlpation in Profits—with exemption from the liabilities of partnership. A rate of Bonus equal to the average returns of Mutual Societies—with the guarantee of a large invested Capital Stock. • The advantages of modern practice,—with the security of an Office whose resources have been tested by the ex perience of nearly a, CENTURY AND A HALF. SPECIAL NOTICE. IN CASE OF DEATH oscurring during the Thirty days allowed for payment of a Life Premium, and before such pay ment has been made, the Corporation hold themselves liable under the Policy, provided the Premium be subsequently paid on or before the thirtieth day from that upon which it became due. • _ , Ainong the many and sore troubles whieh em bittered Burns'' decline,the sorest (by his OW ac count) was the _dread of an unfavourable posthu mous reputation. -He apprehended that his faults would be the most conspictions - features, of _his character, as they were to himself at the moment ; • -and that the world could-not -Hilly sympathise in his lofty democratic view of ilfan in Society. Never ,was a,-last estimate of self and one's kind more mis taken - The veriest pbdant _and puppy, wha dies pitying the - werla for the struggle-it will have to. get on without hiM, is not more. deluded in one direction than Burns was in the opposite. He was. not irrational, in his view,. however, though wholly mistaken. Those wha surrounded-hinir_Were much. engrossed with his faults _towards the. close of his life ; -and his views and . his opinions were treated by his • emploYers, as well as others, with not only displeasure but contempt. It Was ihtiniated to him that "his business was to act;_not to' think." And thiswas said, not as a cheek: upon political agita tion, or any extreme - demonstration of any kind; but in - reply to a statement of his views which had been drawn from him by accusation. He did not desire a republic in Great Britain, be, said, because Br - hens-have all the means of ra tional liberty and social welfare. - He wished for no change in our form of government, but for a reform of the " system_ of corruption between the execu tive power and the representative part of the legis lature, which boded no good to our. glorious con stitution, and which every patriotic Briton must wish to see amended." After this, his " superiors" could not denounce him as a republican) so they in formed him that his business was to act and not to think ; and he, valuing kis thought, feared that there would be no sympathy with it or him after he was gone, and that he would be known by his infirmities, if at all. On this day, the centenary of his birth, the whole world that speaks or reads our language is rejoicing because he lived and thought, and told what he thought. The homage of united kingdoms, of clusters of colonies, and of several foreign nations is paid to his memory to-day. So much for his posthumous reputatioh. As to his being remembered by his faults, the, most touching and &riots tribute of all is, perhaps, the teetotal celebration Of the day. If he could but have fore known it in his hour of deepest remorse, what a solace would this have been !—what a pregnant reply to his worst misgivings.! There is •to be a " tea banquet " in the Edinburgh . Corn' Ekehange to-day, " under - the auspices of the Total Abstinence Society," We - hear it with .gratitudeand glee. So much for hiS being remembered only by his faults ! There could not have been a better conjunction between the date and public affairs than that which we witness; It could not. have happened better as an express replyitaßurns' yearning. after sympathy in his aspirations for society. The festival would, no doubt, have been held under any condition of public.affitirs. The, man binds us to him by so many ties that we should have been ready with our hom age in the midst of a - war, or under a Pitt and Eldon Gorernment,or under a return of the Stuarts, or under a Republic—whether amidst the deepest adversity,. or in a condition without a cared The response of men's passions, sympathies, senti ments; to his song would have been loud and clear amids any turmoil of conflict, or merry-making in • peace and prosperity. But there is a peculiar apti tude in the spirit of the hour for honouring Burns. His irrepressible thought about the mutual,relations of men in society, and his clear view of the neces sity of. making their representation in Parliament an honest one, are the very thought and the very view which our minds are now occupied with, and on which we are at present „daily called upon to speak. So much for the symp,;.' , , , sT which he dared not anticipate ! Far be it from us to dwell exclusively on the Poet's darkest hours, or on the controversies which embittered them. hen men talk of Burns they do not (except, very naturally, in the United States) consider whether he was a Republican, or a Whig, or a Tory. They think of the Cottar's Saturday Night, or of highland Mary, or of Tam o'Shanter. They think of the dirge, the reaping-song, the war hymn, the prayer, and personal penitence. They think of the plea for, the weak, and the rebuke of the haughty. They regard him as the poet, the lover, the mourner, the wit, the comrade, the sinner, the sufferer, rather than a s the p olitician. Yet, ie chief bond between him and ether men— the grand security for his possession of the' sym pathies of all generations, is his estimate of Man as Man, under all conditions. Some may praise his " Republican boldness" of speech, and others may exalt his generosity to wards the lowest and most helpless : his employers might call him dangerous, and his fine acquaint ance might caution him against noticing the vulgar: they have all agreed from the beginning , and all men will agree to the end, in feeling to their hearts' core his estimate of what is due to Man as Man. One morning he shook hands with a peasant on the Leith road, and talked with him some time, in the presence of a fop, who afterwards rebuked him for showing his friendship for a man dressed in home spun. " Why you fantastic gomeril," cried Burns, " it was not the grey coat, or the scone-bonnet, or the boot hose, that I sp ok e to, but the man that was in them :" and he proceded to de velop his view of the comparative quality of the three men who composed the group. His song, "Is there for honest poverty," is the expression of his daily habit of mind throughout his life. The rank is but the guinea stamp : The man's the gowd for a' that, is the doctrine and the sentiment by which he lived, and which made him the immortal poet he is. That song is certainly the most widely known of his pieces at present. Familiar as we all are with half a-hundred of his strains which range from lofty de voutnesS, through the whole series of affections and passions, to the mosthomely fun, we all feel that that song is the truest exponent of the man to the greatest number of his kind. Under the virtual cen sorship of his day, it was not permitted to be sung in the streets of our northern toWns—a strange fact to us now ! But it was sung in the reaping-field and in the cottage ; and now it is known by heart wherever our language is spoken and Lowland Scotch is read. He made no secret of his having achieved a personal discovery on the subject of that song. He said, " I rememb er in my ploughbov days, I could not conceive it possible that a noble lord could be a fool, or a godly man could be a knave. How ignorant ploughboys are !" In the same way, the high-born and the pious (self-called) could not, in those days, conceive of a peasant as being wise, or a poor man dignified. This song is an admonition as valuable for the one mistaken class as for the other ; and who can say how much it may have done towards bringing them into the happier :understanding of our day ? One of Burns' long-standing regrets was that he could not enter Parliament. He had much to tell there, and much to ask; and it might have been of advantage to us in several ways if he could have had the opportunity. That wish of his, and the rea sons for it, are natural recollections for us to-day, when we are in the midst of an enterpriseto obtain a voice and a hearing in the House of Commons for men of Burns' class .He had perceived that, in our country, while there is no obstacle to the entrance of the low-born rich into society, and into Parliament, there is great jealousy of the low-born who rise, or are qualified to rise, by other powers than that of wealth. Tho owners of boroughs in those days were great men, whether they were born in the mansion or the cottage ; but the poet, the scholar, the politi cian, was repressed by an insolent or a timid aristo cracy. Burns had keen reason to know this, and his craving for an opportunity of utterance in Par liament was a natural consequence. We live in an improved age, when there is a fairer field for desert, without any fatal inquisition into origin. We live, accordingly, under a growing necessity of admit tingro n to the representation men whom Burns w ould whatever have called his equals before the law an d the thne ; d B t u o r u n s s , s n a o id t onlyabou to on this i claims of suchmen is valuable , but on every other. We have no right to appropriate it, however, without being clear as to what he meant by peasant life, when he its asserted • claims. Its poverty was obvious enough. On this day hundred years, he was born in a rick tt e y clay hovel, which was blown down a few days afterwards, when he and his mother were carried out into the the ruins. But it did not follow that this peasant family would, like some of our country' neighbours at this clay, ask whose son the Prince of Wales is, or demand wages which will rise with the • price of bread, or insist that the Queen should " do some thing" for everybody who is badly off. Burns had a father - who lead - with him, and a mother who sang to him—sang songs which brought out the poet and patriot elements in him. The Scotch pea santry' then - wet e at least as intelligent as our shop-• keeping or best-artisan class now. When 'we . see that our rural neighbours are as intelligent, we shall delight in expressing their aspirations _in Burns' words. Meantime, .the _way is more open now than, it was then, while _we have not a pea iitn.:,-r*Y'reapable of his ambition. When he died it was -asked, in all simplicity, by those :about" door,'" And who be our poet now ?" - This need never be 'asked by . the pecisantrY of a later century. As sure as they trseinto.ti capacity for seeing-that ; • The pithlof sense and pride of4nrth • • . Are higher ranks than a' that, and•show their claim to equality before the law add' 'the government-the answer will be,." Burns shall be your poet now."--haily News. P.R.BS,ENT. as many as 20 varieties of oranges, diffetiog in 'colour, flavour, and size, and among them all these is not one that is not wholesome and agreeable to the taste. One of the best is that called cam du:nong, .or orange-sugar; it is .odoriferous, about the size of the orange of Europe, but rather flattish in shipe; - the inside .is of , ayellowish red 'colour. Another -kind, rather inferior to . the"above in quality, but, still very good, is the cam-sen, or orange of Para dise. The skin and the inside are of a pale red. It has something of the stimulating - sharpness of Vie lemon, but is milder and sweeter. The kind which is superior to all the -others is the cam-tien, or King's orange, .and, it is in fact, reserved for the ;e of the sovereign. There is . no formal prohibi tion against the cultivation of this orange, but it is. necessary to keep it - secret, for if th tree were discovered the owner would be compelled to deliver up all its fruit to. the Prince. It is of the same form and size as the turopean fruit; - the rind, whiea green, and as fine as the, thinnest silk, is almost transparent ; and the filaments of the inside, of a rose colour, can lie seen through it. When- it is opened it imparts a delightful odour to the room in which it has been eaten, and, lib fruit orthe speCies has a more delicious fiaVour. _ TJI.E URE:4 T `EASTER N The preparations necessary for fitting:this noble thevessel course u for rse w s a e if a l ab li ne a o , b ;e hu last es a ii t .lyi o, engaged e gg e he n dt dioenio. rill so d i paan o r n ta , si an .omf d ).;:i i oi li l it is the every e se considered workmen so n d pi d e e celo 4 bittr. na u : ufiei cstd finally u o oihrtl u ul ta . albat aeteFnbini entr is usted ild in tsoui bukee u dheta s ottt e o. bhlh7eeht finishingt construction. ee u r i o e ntis e a as bt, p i coi ois e kthr. eaf:ivels:taeo. still iynees l u Ti o tot t lo e e n e tde requisiteo p u b e b e i ni e t i poop and masts, while separate contracts will pro vide for the rigging and sails and the cabin fittings . and joiners' work. No money will be wasted in the mere frippery-of decoration, though at thesaiue time all the fittings will be of the best and. most substantial kind and quite worthy the: position: which the ship must occupy,. not only. in England, but in the mercantile marine of the world. The design for the poop is complete 'in all its details. All of it will be constructed of iron, and some idea of its size may be . gathered from the fact that the chief dininc , . saloon, 120 feet long by 47 f eet wide and 9 feet high under. the beams, will be in that part of the vessel. There is to be a large number of bath rooms _ allotted. to each class of passengers, all of which will be kept_ supplied with hot and cold fresh and salt water. The contractors are to commence their work on the 15th of February, and are bound under penalties to complete all in five months froth that date. The long-expected first trial trip will therefore take place about the middle of July, when it is intended to run out from Wey mouth to the middle of the Atlantic and try the ship under all possible conditions of sail and steam. This short voyage will probably occupy about six days, for the lowest estimate yet made of her speed allows her 17 knots, or about 18!- , ; - statute miles an hour, the speed of a Parliamentary train. What may be considered as the commencement of the work of fitting will be taken on Satur day next, when the large iron floating Derrick launched last autumn Will be used for the purpose of hoisting in 'the main - shaft of the paddle engines and the rudder. The former weighs no less than 40 tons, the latter 13, and each of these ponderous masses of iron work have been finished off with as much care and even neatness as if they were intended for the works of a clock. Both these:Will be deposited in the fore part of the vessel in order to assist in bringing her more down by the head when the blades of the screw are being fixed. The. latter have not been attached to the screw bars, as in case of ice during the winter enough might have formed round them to have held such a mass of the loose pack as with the flow of the tide might have seriously endangered the ship. Trotman's anchors, by which she is .now moored, would never,' of course, have .given way ; but the chains unquestionably might, and, once adrift, she would instantly, in the nautical phrase, " have taken charge of the whole river." So much has been. truly said' and written as to the importance of the Great Eastern in a mercan tile point of view that all have tacitly overlooked how, as a vessel of war, she would, to this country at least, be almost invaluable. In those ever recur ring estimates of our national resources with which" two or three such vessels as the Great Eastern could , afford in time in war is never alluded to, because never suspected. Yet, in the construction of this unequalled vessel, and forming a noble model on which others may be built, our national resources have, we believe, received such a development as few at the first glance would perceive. The Great Eastern, however, would make the fastest, strongest, and most terrible of all war ships, if war instead of commerce were to be her destination. Her carrying power alone would be a most formidable element. Ten thousand. fully-equipped soldiers, with all the requisite materiel, and - even the due proportion of staff and. field officers' horses, could be trans ported at once to any point of need with greater convenience and in less than half the time now oc cupied by the fastest ships, as there would ,be no delay for coaling. If even the least sanguine ex pectations as to her speed are fulfilled she would be able to land a complete corps d'armee in India within 40 days from the time of her leaving Eng• land, while her vast space on deck would afford a floating parade ground, on which recruits might be drilled to a tolerable state of efficiency, even while on the voyage. The ordinary delays of winds and currents would so little affect her gigantic steam power that the time of her arrival with such a force might be calculated upon to a single day. With such a rapidly moving fortress and camp always at the control of the Government the effect would be to economise, while it increased our war like resources, and, by reducing the distance to our furthest outposts by one-half, bring about precisely those results at sea which railways have already. effected on land in military tactics. The difficulties of the present means of oceanic communication oblige the . Government to maintain larger forces at all points of the empire than-are actually requisite at one and the same time. With two or three such vessels as the Great Eastern such a necessity would be obviated for the future, and the Government would have increased strength even at a reduction of the present military establishments. Continental nations are well aware that the secret of England's weakness .as a military Power is not so much duo f to, the smallness of her army as in the necessity d exist for obviating this ne cessit y ,or, its dispersion. Once show that the ineaiLs: !. a e t a i position as a military emp ire, able transport_ an army of 30,000 men to any part of Europe, will be secon d to none on earth. The political results whi ch would be certain to accrue and ten E day y s a to from the Government having at its dis p osal such a class of ships wo uld be almost equally important. It would then be , with a closel y consolidated em pire, the power o f Great Britain p lus her colonies and dependencies. M. Lesseps might sink all the money in France in his Suez Canal, and. Mr. Buch anan assert American morality and manifest destiny at the expense itlnepea:\,tteh. P :wh f veoi p utpi o lka o dfs i ::taNvhgeieerenactio•hlai tie hrough over rt Egypt g n ei rny g t l poe a ltr i d i et d sott sintmeasdekhidee never strive about a right of way when her quickest have a higher continental position, and could If when her own manufacturing placed within her hands the means of a safer, quicker, and. a better path, and skill and all in which none can follow her. t wcapeo i and affi n o alorto n esueesr a l rsiadodlnapbfefgtroelioiet‘sse by Pro vided only that the question of the Great Easter .- speed be satisfactorily determined all the rest is a natural sequence, the end of which we can no more see now than from Stephenson's first locomotive could. be predicated our present railway system. The revolution -which a squadron of such vessels would effect in war would be as great as their results in commerce, and then we should for the first time really see steam doing for the ocean what it has already done for the land. 17) ACCIDENT FROM CRINOLINE. —On Saturday morning about half-past 11 o'clock, a somewhat serious accident occurred to a fashionably attired female while ascending the steps leading from Tooley - stree t to the foot i f London-bridge. T h e lady in question had manly reached I cl t ii w n, s th f a o t un th d e , the top of the flight of steps, when her foot caught in tl.e front portion of her crinoline, and she fell violently forward, striking her head against the iron railing anasd iifluii,nsg:_a :—On no means slight cut upon the chin. Before she could recover herself or any one go to her aid she rolled down several of the however,s v t i e c p t i s m , aon with Si literallye 1 l e PO coveredore % f i with v l e h d e c n u ) ,t • I mud.on n a t the • i off ry , and she speedily sought refuge in a cab and was drivion amidst the laughter of a gang of juveniles. SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM.—During th e wee k w in: o i e h e ad Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday, free days, 2,874 ; on Mon day and Tuesday, free evenings, 2,819 • on the three stu dents' days (admission to the public, Gd ' .)1 780 ; stu dents' evening, Wednesday, 430. Total, 0,903, one , opening of the Museum, 752,711. From the -The preserves of Lord Portman, it appears, . . ex tend from the parish - of Pylle some distance into . the adjoining parish of Pilton, the gamekeeper, a man named Stickland, residing in Pylle. Mr. Mien, - Who preserves the game for the owner of any:ail:Ail ing estate, had a mutual understanding with his lordship's gamekeeper that the - 3 , were to' protect the game for each other when_necessary. ---- 41)Put two o'clock on Saturday morning, Mr. Geo: Miell, jun., heard the report of several guns in Lord Port man's wood, and very near to his father's residence. He immediately told his father of it, and Mr. Miell at once got up, and,_ accompanied_ by his sons _(Mk. George Miell and Mr. Albert Miell) proceeded to •the wood. On arriving there Mr. George Miell went towards the upper side, leaving his younger brother and a boy, who caine with them, watching from another point, whilst Mr. Miell went to the lower part of the wood. In a few minutes George Miell came upon the track of the poachers, three in iminber, - who • were going in the direction of the spot where his brother 'and the boy stood. H e quickened his - pace, and soon reached the place where_ he had . left his brother' Albert, and then _turned round and Confronted .the. poachers, who • were armed . with guns and bludgeons, • and in the act ofceming out of the wood. At this time the Drothers.Mielt were-about six -or seven yards froin the peaehers, George standing-a little in trent .of his brother Albert, and on seeing one' of the poachers level his gun at them, the former (George Miell) sprang a little on one side just as it was .fired ; the consequence was, that his younger brother received nearly the whole of the charge in his left side. At the same time George Miell, who carried his left arm in a sling, through injuries re ceived by the burstiHg of a gun some days before, was also wounded in the elbow: The poacher who tired the gun was identified by Mr. Miell as a labourer residing in the village of Pilton, named George. Hill ; but as soon as he noticed the effect of the charge, he jumped over a gate and ran away. Mr. George Miell then rushed at the other two, one of whom levelled his piece, and swore with an oath he would," drill a hole in him" if he did not stand off: But young Miell, nothing daunted, went boldly at his antagonist, pushed the poacher's gun aside, and pulled the trigger, but the gun did not go off. The poacher then managed to get hold of the gun, and gave Miell. a violent blow with the barrel over the head, causing the blood to flow copiously. A desperate struggle' now ensued, and, .not withstanding the injuries and loss of blood caused George Miell to feel faint, he -valiantly closed with the poacher, took the gun from him, and held the fellow until ' his father arrived. The . second poacher was then secured, and he 'was ascertained to be also a Pilton labourer, named Finning. The prisoner was taken by - Mr. .Miell to his residence, and the third man (a brother of Hill) escaped, but he was subsequently . captured, as well as George Hill, who fired the gun. The three prisoners have been examined before the magistrates, and remanded until the injured men are able to give evidence againstthem. As soon as possible Mr. Albert Miell was carried home, and surgical assistance obtained. It was found that he was severely wounded froth the chest to the hip on the left side ' • and there can be no doubt he would have 'been killed instantly but for the accidental ciyeumstauce of his having a. large pipe -case, containing a tobacco pipe, in the left breast pocket of his coat, where the main force of the charge took. effect- , The' pipe - was smashed to pieces, and the case completely riddled. The other brother, Mr. George Mid!, received several shots in the left arm. Both the injured men are progressing favourably. JOHN A. HIGHA3I, Actuary and Secretary. ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. T HE ECONOMIC SOCIETY, 6, New B 1 Establisl DIREC ROBERT BIDDUL] LIFE ASSURANCE Adge-street, London. hed 1823. CTORS. PH, 'Esq., Chairman. Esq., Deputy Chairman. IRear -Admiral Robert Gor don. Charles Morris, Esq. George Kettilby Rickards, Esq. Augustus Keppel Stephen• I son, Esq. WILLIAM ROUTH, ] Alfred Kingsford Barber, Esq. Henry Barnett, Esq. The Right Hon. E. Pleydell Bouverie, M.P. Edward Charrington, Esq. Thomas Edgar, Esq. Sir Alexander Duff Gordon, Bart. 'TORS. John Howell, Esq. John Gilliam Stilwell, Esq. Henry Roberts, Esq.' Richard Taylor. Esq. PHYSICIAN—WiIIiam Emanue i l Page, M.D., Oxon, 11, Queen street, May-fair. • SURGEON—Benjamin Travers, Esq, F.R.C.S., No. 49, Dover street, Piccadilly. SOLICITOR—Henry Young, Esq., 12, Essex-street, Strand. ACTUARY—James John Downes, Esq., F.R.A.S. • ADVANTAGES. AMY Mutual Assurance. The lowest rates of Premium on the Mutual System. The whole of the profits divided every Fifth Year. An accumulated Capital £1,605,000 During its existence the Society has paid in 1,540,000 Claims Reversionary Bonuses have been added to Po licies to the extent or The last Bonus, declared in 1854, averaged £67 per Cent, on the Pretniums;paid, and amounted to 307 ,000 Policies in force 7,621 The Annual Income exceeds In pursuance of the invariable practice of this Society, in the event of the Death of the Life Assured within the 15 days of grace, the Renewal Premium remaining unpaid, the Claim will be admitted, subject to the payment of such Premium. The next Division of Profits will be made in . 1859. Assurances effected prior to 31st December, 1850, will par ticipate in the Division of 1864. Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on appli cation to ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Secretary. 890,000 ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCAPACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO DLARRIAGE. 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Its action is purely balsamic: its power in reinvigorating the frame in all cases of nervous and sexual debility, obstinate gleets, impo teanscanardreemnnonessst,raanddted t bil i i t t s i u es n a v r a i r st r fr s o u m ee v ss en i e n r i a l l ou ex sa ce n s d s s es o i cases. Price lie, per bottle, or fou r quantities in one for 335., which saves lls. The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE, an anti-syphilitic remedy, for purifying the system, and is recom mended for any of the varied forms of secondary symptoms, such as eruptions on the skin, blotches ou the head and face, en largements of the throat, tonsils, and uvula ; threatened destruction of the nose, palate, &c. Its action is purely deter sive, and its beneficial influence on the system is undeniable. Price lls. and 335. per bottle, also s, saving of lls. PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS constitute an effectual remedy in either sex loran cases of gonorrhoea, glect, stricture, and diseases of the urinary organs. 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With Practical Observations on the Cure of these Diseases, and on the extraordinary re storative power of LOCAL GALVANISM in cases of nervous prostration. muscular debility, and functional incapacity, when used - in combination with the remedial agentsso suc cessfully employed by the Author during a practice of up wards of Twenty years. With descriptive Cases, numerous Engravings, Instructions, &c. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D., tr . 37, BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, --- , • Registered Licentiate of the London Society of Apothecaries, Doctor of Medicine of th e U niversit y of Erlangen , Honorary M em ber of the London Ho s p ital Medical Society, &c.c. An erroneous impression exists that public announcements on these disorders enianate only from unqualified persons, but as the new Medical Act provides that none but registered practitioners shall assume any-medical title, those that are legally qualified can readily" be distinguished—oint of great importance in cases where secrecy, confidence, a pod skill a equally requisite. In the new edition of ' Self-Preservation,' facts of pars ' mount utility are brought together—facts appealing to the prudence of all who are suffering f r om affections which in volve the enfeeblement and ultimate loss of those powers , without which man forfeits the dignity of nature, and sinks to the most pitiable depths of physical and moral degradation. , street,daily from Dublin, Eleven or from till the Two, A andut Ii Author, 0 m w who xmt till Fargate, Sheffield ; Italner, High-street, Southampton ; W. 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It has probablYoccurred tonlOre than: one reader to inquire the source of that repugnance with which the Italians regard the dominion of Austria, Seeing that for so .many centuries a German Government , has been the only:Government known to them, and that the independent Italy of 'which . patriots -now talk never had any real existence. If - ItalV had been denationalised and partitioned like Poland the case wild - be - different, for everybody . under-= - standS the aspitations of the Poles, however im practicable they • may consider - them. - _But the Italians of -Lombardy cannot appeal to any prece-. dents ,of niodertphistory for their political inde pendence. They were 'not reduced to subjection by the sword, and the dominion of the Germans has certainly been naturalised - as far as time .and prescription can produce such a result. Where, then, lie the springs of that disquiet which for some ycars past has been so-remarkable? The answer will be found, we think, in the following con siderations. There is nothing offensive 0 the purest patriot ism in the rale of foreigners, as fat as concerns the me: e exprcSi'i - On of that rule in the race of a reign ing family. - As -a matt _,T of fact there is hardly a State in Europe where the reigning-House has not been imperted from some other nation. .In Eng land the Royal Family is German ; in Portugal it is German also ; in Spain itis French ; in Belgium i ulnae ,- in Russia it is Danish ;in Austria it came from-Lorraine. To take a case still more applicable, the • Kings of 'Naples- are , French by descent, and yet whatever ,charges Might be brought against their Government, it was never considered an unnational one. In Tuscany, again, the Archdukes are of Austrian bitth; but 'that circumstance in itself was never held' to derogate from their popularitY. As far, therefore, as regards the mere dominion of strangers thus exercised there is no ground for .complaint ; in fact, the inevitable contingencies of family succession must in the- majority of instances .bring ,such events to pass. But the Austrians never held Lombardy in that fashion. When they succeeded to the region of the Milanese the Duchy of Milan ceased to exist as an independent. and substantive Power of Italy. They did not make a German Prince Duke of Milan, to continue the government as other dukes had done before him, but they attached the province to the general inheritance of the Austrian House and ruled it by a Viceroy. This system, by annihi lating the independence of the Ducal C ourt ; brou'ht the fact of foreign dominion home to th e population, and placed the Milanese visibly unde r • the goyn ment of strangers. Still, - nothing like the modern spirit of opposition. was then experienced ; it is from the operation of. events far more recent that the present animosities have- sprung. - - The first occurrence which damaged the position of Austria in Italy was .the acquisition of the terri tories of Venice at the close of the last war. Before that time she had been absorbing by various means sundry small States adjacent ; but the overthrow of the Venetian Repulic ultimately gave sueli.eXtensien to her Italian • possessions that they covered. the whole valley of the Po between. the Ticino and the Adriatic. This arrangement not only magnified in all respects the obnoxious feature of.: letkman rule, but it destroyed the last vestige of 0 1 4ffnt Italian government. Up to that period, whatever might have been the fate of the Italian. Duchies, a large portion, at any rate, of Northern Italy was in pure Italian hands. As a specimen of polity the Republic of Venice had become so miserable a Government that M. Mazzini himself would probably not accept it in plaCe of Austrian rule ; but still it was a native Government, and When it disappeared there was nothing but German dominion to be seen between the Gulf Venice and the frontier of Piedmont. A strange Government, therefore, in its least palatable form, was imposed on Northern Italy throughout almost its whole extent. Even this, however, though a very material cir cumstance, was not the chief cause of the unpopu laxity to which the Austrians' were soon exposed. Italy became suddenly imbued . with ideas of " nationality"—ideas traceable entirely to' opinions of our own generation. It might perhaps be affirmedihat sentiments in some degree resembling these new views existed in Italy at a much earlier period. The old conflict between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines —though both names and both parties were purely German---probably covered some rising spirit of nationality, and it is certain that in the 16th century the dreadful sufferings ensuing on the contests between France and-Spain for the possession of Italy did inspire more than one Italian statesman with the desire of expelling strangers from the Peninsula altogether. Such views, however, assumed a more permanent form after the French Revolution, until in our own age ive have seen theM put forward - as the true basis of policy-by which governments should be regulated. Something was due to the taste of freedom which nations obtained through the convulsions of the last. war, and something also to the impression which the institutions of Napoleon left behind them. But, apart from all this, a spirit hail arisen against which no efforts on the part of the Aut . - trmns could make any head. Their government, whether good or bad, was considered intolerable simply because it was the government of foreigners. The party whose extreme opinions may be taken to be represented by M. Mazzini did not construct their scheme of Italian independence on any prece dents of history or on any particular abuses of Austrian power. The spirit was a new spirit alto gether, as characteristic of the age as Socialism or Communism, and founded on nothing but the bread. assumption that all nations ought to be united re publics, independent of all other nations. A certain party in Lombardy exchanged, or ' professed to exchange, these views for those of constitutionalism under the Crown of Sardinia, but this was not the direction in which aspirations for nationality first painted, or which, in the end, they would probably take. Under the influence of these events the Austrian Government in Lombardy became unpopular in the extreme—less from its own faults than from the novel principles pervading Italian society. Nothing that the Austrians could do was acceptable or good, and this discontent itself necessarily made their rule more oppressive than it would otherwise have been. Left to themselves, and accepted in the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom as they had formerly been in the Duchy of Milan, they might, in all like lihood, have made respectable governors. True they were foreigners, but for that matter there was nothing more unnaturalin German Counts descend ing from the Tyrol into Lombardy than in French Counts descending from Savoy into Piedmont, and no Lombard could recollect the time when his coun try had not owned more or less allegiance to a Ger man Sovereign. There was no reason why Northern Italy should not have been as well governed as it ever had been, except the resolution of Italians net to receive this service at the hands of Germans. And, when this antagonism had once been declared easy government was at an end. The opposition and restlessness of the Italians provoked stronger measures ; these measures called for greater forces, and greater forces brought in their train all the evils of conscription and taxation. Even withinthe last few years, however, the Austrians have made distinct efforts at conciliation, and have plainly ex pressed their desire of being 'good rulers if the Italians would but simply accept their rule. From these remarks it will appear that the insurrectionary spirit in Lombardy is based less upon any actual or deeply-seated sense of oppres sion than upon theoretical v ie w s of " nationalit y ." Beyond doubt that phra se p oints to certain great principles. It naturally excites the ire of Itali ans, when their thoughts have been once turned into this channel, to see their country occupied by foreigners, their cities garrisoned by foreign troops, and all the privileges of government exercised by people of another race. They do not, under such circumstances, derive much consolation' from being told that they never yet succeeded in governing themselves, and that Lombardy, at any rate, is better governed than either the Papal States or Naples under pute Italian rule. But it cannot be denied that as yet we have seen no proof of w hat this new principle of " nationality" is really capable of accomplishing. We see it caricatured in the 'During-the past year the Royal National Life boat Institution, has incurred the following ex. ; penses, on either additional new life-boat- stations, or the replacing of old boats, transporting ear riages• and Louses, by new. onesl-Norfolk : Cromer, 276/. 165. sd. ; Mundesley, 223/. 9s. sd. ; Batton, 377/. 11s. 11d: ; Palling, 272/. :178. Cxl. ; Winterton, 400/. ss. 11d.-; Yarnionth . ...(twO . boats); .859/. as k sd; - Suffolk: Lowestoft, • 1531. 14s. . 6d. ; Southwold, 127/. 19s. ; Berwick, 731. ; Boulther, 73/. ; • Alnmouth, .411. - • Whit -burn, 2471. •, ,fiornsea, 441. 12A. Exmeuth; ls. ; Appledore, .44/. 12s. ; Aberdovey, 1881. 3s ld. • RIM 521. 17s. • Penmon, 72/. 15s. ;. Fleet wbod; 140/. ls. ; Fraserburgh, 2551.95. 2d. ; Lossie-- Mouth, 1401. - Is. Ireland : Newcastle (County Down), 282/. 75..;- Kilmore, .140/. ls. ; Dundalk, 1911.. ls. ; Ca.rnsore, 1871. Traniere, 322/. 18s. 9d. ; Dungarvan. 1911-.-Is-., and Ardmore," 811. Hs. sd. The 'institution has also expended on the re pairs, stores, alterations - and inspection of its numerouslife-boats, boat-houses, and transporting carriages, 2,714 d. ss. 3d.; making altogether a total of 8,265/. 3s. Pd. It has also granted 952/. as re wards to the crews of its life-boats and those of shore-boats, for saving 427 persons from 64 wrecks on our coasts. A most satisfactory result, and clearly showing-how much. has been accomplished by. the well-directed efforts - which the Life:boat Institution has brought to bear on this humane cause. This great and national work has, however, only been accomplished by involving the society in a debt of 3,047/. and an expenditure of 1,000/. from its small reserved capital. Impelled by ery feel- ing whieli we hold aeax to save a fellOw-eicature from an appalling death by shipwreck, one would' suppose that the National Life-boat Institution had claims which came home to the hearts of every one, and there - pleaded for support _ and sympathy; and most particularly. (beg this apply to the United Kingdom, which is so much in debted for so large a portion of its greatness and prosperity to its hardy seamen. In respect, then, of the Life-boat InStitution, its objects being so truly national and philanthropic, we do not hesi tate to recommend it earnestly, and. on all occa sions, to the support of those who Rre able to render it.' That help was -never More needed than at present, when, through the extraordinary exertions the society has made within the past few years, it has Bllife-boats under its management. To main tain these boats in a state of thorough efficiency, a large permanent annual income is absolutely needed, if its humane mission is to be perpetuated. We feel assured, that after this plain statement of facts relative to one of our most useful societies, we shall soon have the pleasure to report a very largo in crease to its permanent income. THE COMMERCIAL USES OF PHOTO GRAPHY. In many businesses it is desirable to have accu rate patterns of the articles dealt in. To have those patterns engraved and printed would amount in some eases, where the article is low-priced and in- tricate in design, to more money than it would be worth while to expend. Take, for example, designs in lace, embroidery, and similar things. Intricacy in pattern is •no greater difficulty to the photo grapher than simplicity, and. dealers iu this de scription of goods might find it answer their pur pose to prepare illustrated catalogues of their patterns for transmission to customers. Gentlemen in the country could select for themselves as easy as they could examine a book the kind of piano forte or sideboard they require from their musical instrument maker or upholsterers. The utility of such catalo g ues to exporters to the colonies or foreign countries is obvious at once ; in fact, the above propositions have already been adopted in the case of agricultural implements by some of the most eminent manufacturers of those articles. In taking outlines of coasts, the bearings and dis tances of landmarks necessary to be observed in entering harbours, representations of the form of lighthouses, beacons, &c., photography maybe made a readily available means of contributing to the safety of life and property where shipping . is con cerned. To the architect and railway engineer an easy and accurate mode of information as to the progress of his works is here given him. The merit of first employing photography for this pur pose is believed to be due to the late Emperor Nicholas of Russia, who by this means got his infor mation of the progress of the bridge of Kiew. On the occasion of a late accidental fall of some por tion of the works on a railway in progress of con struction, the contractor, who was obliged to set to work at once to repay the damage, took the pre caution, before he commenced operations, of having photographic representations of the ruins taken. In the law suit which in all probability will result, what other evidence will supply the place of these truthful representations? How much clearer will the matter be made to the jury by the inspection of these infallible records of the actual appearance of the damaged works than by the contradictory evidence of a dozen persons, all of whom most likely have a bias one way or the other! . . . Wills, settlements, deeds, conveyances, and other impor tant legal documents ought always to have photo graphic fae similes taken—reduced, if wished, to a microscopic minuteness,—and duplicate copies printed and lodged in separate places of safeguard to mitigate, in some degree, the serious inconve nience and loss which would be occasioned by a destruction, by fire or otherwise, of the original document.— The Photographic News. COCIHN CHINA. We find the following in the liloniteur de la _Platte Retord, the indefatigable apostle of Christianity, continues to furnish us with interest ing information relative to Cochin China. In the last accounts received he states that the principal reproach made against the Roman Catholic religion is, that it does not prescribe veneration for deceased parents. In Cochin China this kind of worship is practised by giving a feast, at first every three days, then every five days, and afterwards every year. The new religion is also accused of having caused a terrible inundation, followed by a frightful famine.. Mgr. Retord states that those persons who possessed a little rice buried it in the earth, so that it might not be pillaged by those who were in want of food. In every village a number of persons abso lutely died of hunger, and those who were alive looked more like spectres than living beings. Al most all the villages are fortified like so many little citadels. They are surrounded by hedges of thorny shrubs, and had trenches dug round, so as to protect them from brigands, who roamed about from place to place, sating fire to houses in the hopes of being able to steal food during the confu sion. In the midst of this misery, the Annamite King led a jovial life in his palace, but as he feared that the situation of his subjects might engender revolt, he issued various orders as to the measures to be adopted. Mandarins were requested to exhort the rich to artail their expenses, and to send the superfluous rice in their granaries to market, and not to lend money at more than cent. per cent. in terest, in order not to complete the ruin of those who were in need. He also ordered new roads to be made, and fresh canals to be dug, in order to give employment to the labouring classes. A great part of the benefits which might have been pro duced by the execution of these orders were thwarted by the avarice and misconduct of the mandarins and their subordinates. Cargoes of rice arrived, which the king ordered to be sold at a reasonable rate. but the mandarins were bribed by the captains, w! were authorised to sell at the famine prices. In consequence of the great agitation caused by the arrival of the French expedition a national guard was formed, designated by the pompous title of Iluong-Dung (heroes of the country). In the pro vince of Siam-Dinh this force amounted to 60,000 men. These heroes, however, were suffering from the pangs of hunger, and they pillaged the places they were appointed to protect. Mgr. Retford s tates that the tortures applied by the Annamite mandarins, not only to rebels and Christians, but also to those from whom they wish to extort money or any other object which has excited their covet ousness, are of the most dreadful and barbarous kind, and he concludes by[saying that the present situa tion of two of the principal provinces of the country, at the gates of which the French and Spanish troops are now operating, may be summed up by the words, " famine and persecution." Cochin. China produces HIGH SHERIFFS FOR 1859. The ceremony of pricking for High Sheriffs for England and Wales for the current year will take place before the Privy Council on Wednesday week next, the 2d instant. The proceedings are purely formal, and the list of High Sheriffs to succeed those now in office will be as follows : ENGLAND. BEDFORDSHIRE.—Richard Longuet Orlebar, Esq., of Hinwick House, near Wellingborough. BERKSHIRE.—CharIes Philip Duffield, Esq., of Mare ham Park, near Abingdon. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.—Thomas Tyrwhitt Drake, Esq., of Sharedelves, near Amersham. CAMBRIDGESHIRE AND HUNTINGDONSHIRE.—John Dunn Gardner; Esq., of Chattoris. CUMBERLAND.—Lord Muncaster, of Muncaster Castle. CHESIIIRE.—Arthur Henry Davenport; Esq., of Capes thorne, near Prestbury. DERBYSUIRE.—Tho Hon. Edward,jieppell Wentworth Coke, of Longford. DEVONSIIIRE.-John Henry Hippedey, Bsq., of Sho brook Park, near Crediton. DORSETSHIRE. —Wm. Charles Lambert, Esq., of Knowle Cottage, near Code Castle. DURHAM.—Sir Wln. Aloyzius Clavering, Bart., of Greener Oft. ESSEX. —Champion Russell, Esq., of Upminster, near Romford. GLOUCESTBRSHIRE.---John Coucher Dent, Esq., of Sudeley Castle, near Winchcombe. HEREFORDSHIRE.—John Jones, Esq., M.D., of Lang stone Court. near Ross. HERTFORDSHIRE.--Martin Hadsley Gosselin, of the Priory, Ware. KENT.—Sir Richard Tufton, Bart., of Hothfield Place, near Maidstone. LEICESTERSHIRE—Wm. Bosworth, Esq., of Charley. LlNcomisnmE.—Charles Thomas Samuel Birch Rey nardson, Esq., of Holywell. MosmountsuntE.—Thomas Powell, Esq., of the Gaer, near Monmouth. NORFOLK.—Hambleton Francis Custance, Esq., of Weston, near Ruphan. NORTHAMPTONSIIIIIE.—The Hon. Charles Henry Cust, of Arthingworth. ' NORTHUMBERLAND.—Irenry Silvertop , Esq., of Min- steraeres. ' NOTTINGHANISHIRE. — Henry Sherbrooke, Esq., of Ox ton; near Southwell. 0 xro eorge G mimeo, Esq., o f Shotover Park. RuTLSNDSIIIILE.—Edward Henry Craa,ck Monekton, Esq., of Seaton, near Oakham. SunorsnmE.—Charles Orlando Childe Pemberton, Esq., of Millichope.Park. SOMEUSETSILIRE,—Ethi'ard Berkley Napier, Esq., of East Pennartl, near Shepton Delves Broughton, Bart, STAFFOIZDSIIIRE.—Sir Henry of Broughton Hall. SOUTHAMPTON (County of).—Robert Vaughan Wynne Williams, Esq., of Appleattreombe. SUFFOLK.—John George Sheppard, Esq., of Compsey Ash, near Stonham. • Su RILEY Walter Rockliff Farquhar, Bart., of Poles den, near Leatherhead. SC6SEilliamilenry Blaauw, Esq., of Beechlands, Newiek, near Uckfield. WAlLwicKsiniE:—Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., n of Weston House, near Leamington. WESTMORELAND.—WiIIiam Mooro, Esq of Grimes hill, near Kirkby Lonsdale. - WILTSHIRE.—Sir Francis Dugdale Astley, Bart., of Everleigh, near Ludgershall. WORCESTERSHIRE.—Francis Edward Williams, Esq., of Malvern Hall, near Solehull. " • YORKSHIRE.—WiIIiam Rookes Compton Stunsfeld, of Esholt Hall near Leeds. WALES. ANGLESEY.—Major-General Robert George Hughes, of Brynnddu. BRECONSIIIM—John Maund, Esq., of Tymawr. CAB.NARVONSHIRE.—Loyd Newborough, of Glinllifon Park. CARMARTHENSIIiRE.---Isaac Horton, Esq., of Yshad, near Ll9.ndovery. CARDIGANSHIRE.—WiIIiam Price Lewes, Esq., of Llys newydd, near Newcastle Emlyn. DENBIGHSHIRE.—Thomas Lloyd Fitzhugh, of Plao Power, near Wrexham. of Bod - FLINTSHIRE.—PhiIip Pennant Pearson, Esq.) far,i near St. Asaph. Bar t. , of U rLA MORGANSHIRE.—Sir Ivor Bertie Guest, Sullyhouse, near Cardiff. Esq., of B erth MONTGOMERYSIIIRE.—Edward Morris, B, e veley, Esq., Lloyd. of MERIONETHSHIRE.—Hugh John Brynygwm House. PEMBROKESHIRE. —George A.ugustus Ilarries, Esq ., of Hilton.. RADNORSIIIIIE.—Sir William burn, Bart., of Downton. Sarsf i e ld Rossiter Coa ti's RAIL TVA I' INTELLIGENCE. RAILWAY BILLS. Yesterday the Exandners on Standing Orders of both Houses of Parliament declared that in respect of the fol lowing railway bills the orders had been complied with : (Before Mr. Smith.) ULSTEIL—To make a railway from Monacrhan to Clones ; to subscribe £30,000 towards the construction of a line from Clones to Cavan. LEATIIERHEAD AND DORKING.--To make a railway to Dorking. DUNDY.E AND NEWTYLE. To make a railway from Auchter-house to Strathmartine. • DUNDALK AND ENNISKILLEN. -To make a railway from the Clones station to Urn . ey, in the county of Cavan; to make a railway to the steam-packet quay at Dundalk. The standing orders were not complied with in this case. (Deere Mr. Frere.) LONDON AND SOUTH-WESTERN.--TO make a railway from the Richmond line at Barnes to the loop line of the Windsor and Staines Railway, and to make other branch railways. HERNE BAY AND FAYERSIIAM.—TO make a, railway from Hem to Margate. LANCASTER AND CARLISLE.—To make a rails Tay from the Hest Bank-station t 9 Morecombe Bay, and to authorise the amalgamation of the Lancaster and Preston and .licndal and Windermere Companies. WEST LONDOIi.—To make a railway across tbte river Thames to the West End of London and Crystal :Palace Railway, and to the South-Western. Railway at Pa' tter6e4. on, ent ck- Lree gr. of was iste ,ner ned