The Sun. — London, England, 1858-08-31 00:00:00

ROYAL PRINCESS'S TIMMY. Under the Management of Mr. Charles Kean. Last Night but Three of the Present Season, which will conclude on Friday neat, Sept. 3. THIS EVENING will be presented S)iakspere's Play of THE MERCHANT OF VENICE ; Shylock, by Mr. C. Kean ; Portia, by We. C. Kean. Preceded by the Farce of LIVING TOO FAST. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer. Tills EVENING and during the week , t he highly successful Comedy of EXTREMES ; or Men of the D a y , supported by Messrs. Excry, Falconer, Rogers, Barrett, Mrs. Charles Young, Mrs. Weston, and Miss Kate Saxon. To conclude with the DANCING BARBER. Donn; open at half-past 6, to commence at 7. Box-oidoe open daily from 11 to 5. • CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road. OPEN EVERY EVENING. —The following company oft Vo calists are engaged for the performance of Secetions from a e popular OPEUIS, mx-DRIILs, CIIOBATSES, GLEES, DUETS, &c., viz.:—Miss Russell, Mrs. 133ddey, Miss Brunell, Miss Ray, Madame Bartoletti, Miss Montague, Mrs. Lawrence, and Mrs. Anderson ; Herr P. Jonghmans, Mr. Henshaw, S. Jones, J. Barker, W. Melling, enor Antoui.), E. L. 'Urn°, Mr. Baclzey, Senor Tiroli, Mr. Cozens, Mr. Bell, Mr. Barnard, Piano Mr. St. Albyn. Mr. John G. Fordo, and. E. W. m ac k n ey. forte, Mr. Cecil Hicks; harmonium, Mr. Courtnay ; Director, Herr F. Jongbmans. Commence at seven 'clock precisely. Suppers, &c., until twelve o'clock. THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, AUGUST 31. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 66—highest since noon yesterday. 50—lowest this morning and during the night. 65—this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29.97. WIND S.W.; light and lowering. A Special General Meeting of the Court of Pro prietors of the East India Company was yesterday for the lest time, held in Leadenhall-street. They might well exclaim " Ichabod," for the glory had indeed departed from their house. To-morrow their governing powers will finally cease and determine, and thenceforward be exercised by the CROWN alone. But although no longer a ruling power, exercising authority over 150,000,000 of human beings, the company may still subsist as a company, although politically paralysed. The functions of the directors will probably be limited to receiving the sum gua ranteed to be paid by way of dividend, and distribut ing it between the parties justly entitled thereto Other matters may also be brought under their notice interesting to the proprietors, although not -- try important to the community at urge. It was very naturally deemed advisable to obtain Ite highest opinions as to the future rights and pro ieedings of the Company. Accordingly certain queries were submitted for the consideration of the Attorney and Solicitor-General, of Sir R. BETHELL and Mr. WIORAM. On many points these learned gen tlemen have fullyconcurred,and therefore these matters may be considered as settled; but there are others in which they differ materially, and on which a goodly crop of future litigation may arise, unless means be taken to avert the danger, by a declaratory act at the commencement of next session. This would be a judicious and prudent course, although it might de prive the gentlemen of the long robe of handsome fees in respect of these vexed questions. On the first interrogatory, all the learned gentle men were of opinion " that the 13th sec. of the 3d and 4th WM. IV., cap. 85, constitutes a Parliamen tary contract with the East India Company, and that, should the East India Company demand the redemp tion of its dividend under that section, Parliament would be bound to make provision for its redemp tion without reference to the sufficiency of the In dian revenues." We have always taken that view of the case, and have, therefore, on many occasions, urged the propriety of saving a considerable propor tion of the per-centage on the loans recently effected by the East India Company, which would be accom plished by the addition of an imperial guarantee . That interest must, under any circumstances, be satisfied by the State, and surely it would be for the benefit of the State to arrange the matter on the cheapest possible terms. That view, however, did not suit the political quidnuncs, who take upon themselves to pronounce ex cathedrii on every ques tion of the day. It now appears that—if called n—Parlia ment is bound to make provision for the re demption of the dividend without reference to the sufficiency of the Indian revenues; but there is wonderful virtue in an " if." The redemption must be demanded within one year from the time of its being deprived of the possession and government of the British territories in India, otherwise it will for ever forfeit the right, and the dividend will become irre deemable until 1874, and then will only be redeem able at the option of Parliament. Whatever course may be taken by the Company must be adopted before the Ist September, 1859. At present they • receive 101. 10s. per cent. in the shape of dividend, which is distributed without deduction or drawback of anykind (save income-tax)amongst the proprietors. All other charges have hitherto been liquidated out of the revenues of India. The proprietors have re ceived their full amount ; and they have the cer • tainty of receiving £2OO for every £lOO of stock when the period of redemption shall actually arrive. So good is their position, that the £lOO stock at present is quoted in the market at from £215 to £217; and as there is also a guarantee fund amounting to some £4,000,000 sterling , wh i c h, u p on the requisition of the Court of Directors, may be applied to make good any deficiency in the remittances on account of divi dend, it is scarcely probable that there will be any inclination to call for the capital, unless some other monetary panic should follow rapidly on that of 1857, and completely upset all confidence between man and man. This is, however, by no means pro bable, and it may safely be eliminated from the calculation. It was also unanimously decided by these high authorities that the provision that all payments under the Act of last session should be made out of the revenues of India alone, did not in any way affect the question of redemption ; and also that the East India Company will, under the 17th sec. of 3d and 4th Wm.IV., cap. 85, continue to be entitled to its dividends out of all revenues of the East Indian territories remitted to Great Britain, in preference to all other charges payable thereout in Great Britain, including 'he particular charges specified in question 7, assum ing that all of those charges are charges payable in Great Britain. With this certainty of obtaining £2OO for every £lOO stock, and of receipting £lO 103. per cent. in the interim, in preference to " all other charges payable in Great Britain,' the proprietors may be well satisfied with their position. Few will share the apprehensions of General BRIGGS, or join in them to the extent of demanding th e guaranteed £2OO for the £lOO East India Stock. There are some points on which there was a difference of opinion between the Right llon. and Learned Gentleman, to which we shall take an early opportunity of referring. There is no point on which M. na PEMIGN y in his late speech has s p oken more clev e r ly, y et with legs conclusiveness, than on the liberty of the press. Ile has evidently seen enough of England to recognise the advantage to the Government itself of free dis cussion ; he confesses that the greatest of all fran chises is seriously modified by the new system o f warnings, and that not only in consequence does the press fail to enlighten the public as it might, and ought to do, but that the Government itself is a loser. Tie saw in England that the Government was aided by the knowledge which a perfectly free press gave it of public opinion ; and he must have felt the - vast superiority of such information to that furnished to their masters by Government officers all over country. Louis NAPOLEON and his Ministers must continually have found, that between the desire of t heir nominees all over the country to suppress un -welcome facts, and their wish to show themselves vigilant in detecting disaffection, they often knew nothing of what was most important to know ; 1 ,, gine, on the other hand, they were as often led a% Ay in search of what we designate by our somewhat bun able but expressive slang, a "mare's nest." In Eng land, 9n the contrary, the Count saw plainly enough that whether whether a Wan wall road aphid the Govorti ment, or cherished some monstrous but absurd social project, all and everything was sure to find work for the printers, and that Government could know liter ally everything that is going on, without reliance on secret service money, and secret and commonly men dacious agents. DE PERSIGNY confesses, therefore, by his apology for the present French system, the superiority of ours ; and not only that, he plainly, we think, blushes for his silenced country before all Europe ; and well he may. Time was when the newspaper press of Paris was unrivalled in point of talent all over Europe; when not even England was its superior in that respect. Her first statesmen preferred debating in the daily papers to making speeches from the tribune. Each selected his journal and avowedly contributed to it. The interest of the papers was, to Parisians, equal to what that of London papers would be were Lords PALMERSTON and RUSSELL, Lord DERBY and Mr. DISRA.ELI, to write openly the poli tical leaders of several of them just now, and were several of the other ministers and ex-ministers to choose each of them their organ. The'press of Paris was, whatever its defects, at least a splendid French political press, and the discussions were worthy of the contributors. But what is it now ? It is political darkness—at least its only light is that furnished by one inspiration. Formerly the press, as here, was a prism by which all tints of political opinion were separated and distinctly exhibited, and might be converged again by the common sense of the readers, if they pleased, into white light. Each shade of colour could, at least, be examined by itself, and better appreciated. Now, the press of Paris is but a piece of coloured glass, communicating the same monotonous hue to the most diverse objects. All is the Empire and Imperialism—the blessings of the coup d &at, of Cayenne, and order, of parliamentary silence, and military noise. At the present moment, a Sardinian or a Belgian journal is, politically, of more interest than a journal published in the capital of the first of continental nations ! Count DE PER SIaNY feels the degradation of all this. And what is the argument by which he defends the extinction of the intellectual light of Paris ? France, he says, is divided, not into parties, but into factions, each struggling for supreme power. Legitimists, Orleanists, Republicans, Napoleonists, are all de sirous, not of the Government and Administration only, but of the throne. We in England hare ceased, since the extinction of the STUARTS, to dis cuss who shall fill the highest place. When the same happy period comes for France the press may be free. He thinks this poli tical millennium may be near at hand, that France will, ere long, be a Napoleonist France, and that then, when the Crown is no longer a subject of de bate, free discussion, so desirable in itself, may be again permitted. Till then he believes that France deems these fetters on its mind a simple act of pru dence. The country knows that it is half mad, and is thankful to wear the NAPOLEON strait-jacket. With what France deems mere prudence we have, of course, nothing to do. We have, however, only M. DE PERSIGNY'S word for it. It may be so. It may be that the majority of the superstitious pea santry and of the army think it best to put out the light, lest some should attempt to light the scene with firebrands. Still the question will occur—what harm the firebrands can do if there be no inflam mable matter ? M. DE PBRSIGNY had been at pains to show in the former part of his speech that the name of Louts NAPOLEON was the " loved name and symbol" in which the masses, both from " the fields and the manufac tories," confided. The army, we know, is faithful, and has probably good reason to be so. What other classes can be, or ever have been, dangerous in France? If Louis NAPOISON'S claim to the Empire be what M. PERSIGNY has asserted, that of his being a necessity for revolutionised France, a necessity really and lovingly recognised by the army and by the men of the field and the manufactories, how can it be necessary also to fear the light, or the blaze even of a factious press ? There is nothing of con sequence for it to kindle. It had better be allowed to burn itself out amid the derision of bystanders. The side of the nation and of the army could not, of course, want numerous and able defenders, and the result ought to be that, amidst perfectly free dis cussion, the superlative excellence of Imperialism, and Napoleonic Imperialism, would be exclusively established. In any case can M. PERSIGNY hope to persuade France or Europe that the Empire does rest on intelligence, so long as it is refused fair play ? If Lours NAPOLEON'S Empire and system of Government really has the suffrage of the vast majority, and really has the relative excellence which he affirms it to have, what possible injury could it sustain from discussion? If all the intellect of France be not against it, how could it lack de fenders who, with an applauding audience constitut ing the vast majority, would not more than turn the tables on all opponents ? We will not venture to discuss, with our English prepossessions, what Go vernment is best for France, but we cannot even un derstand how a Government can be the best which appeals, indeed, to the ballot-box, but at the same time keeps the taxes in its own hands, and prevents the least appeal to argument through the press. Europe will in such a case think that the ballot-box is a farce, and that the nation is by no means a con vert to the arguments of Napoleonists. To us it seems, of course, impossible that any nation can be free, or that it can occupy a high political position as a nation, while its press is fettered. There may be a few clever and cunning statesmen in it who scheme well for the retention of absolute power by their masters, but a politically enlightened, and therefore energetic nation, without a free press, seems like a contradiction in terms. This may be our English blindness, but it can be only blindness on the other hand which refuses to see that either LOUIS NAPO LEON has not the claims to the Imperial Throne on which M. PEESIGNY insists, or that, if he has, he has no pretext for interdicting to France all opinions but his own. He may be the wisest man in France, but he cannot embody all its wisdom ; and we should like to see the thoughts of some who can hardly be his inferiors. Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury has left Ilinching brooke, the seat of the Earl and Countess of Sandwich, on a vh.it to the Earl and Couu(ess of Chesterfield, at Bretby Park. The Marquis of Salisbury arrived in town yester day from Hatfield. The Earl of Jersey arrived in town yesterday from Cowes, Isle of Wight. The Earl of Penbigh and Ladies Feilding have returned to Nuneham Paddocks, near Lutterworth, from siting Viscount and Viscountess Feilding, at their seat in Wales. The Earl and Countess of Portarlington have arrived at Emo Paik, their seat in Ireland, from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough, at Blenheim Palace, Oxon. The Earl of Donoughmore returned to town yesterday from Buxton. Lady Pakington has left Farrance's Hotel, Bel gravia, for Droitwich, Worcestershire. The Count and Countess Goyeneche have left the Brunswick Hotel, St. James's, for Madrid; the Count and Countess Lambespin have arrived at the same establishment, from Paris. yesZ r tl e tt . y ci f r r a om nt t i hieasa riv,4 Continent. The Right Hon. J. W. Henley returned to town Bel gravia, from , H om b erg r . n — at Farrance's Hotel, Bel- CIIIN 8 HOTEL, ST. JAMES'S-STREET.— Arrivals : George Middleton, from the Lady . Grey, and Mr . for the Isle of Wight •"a. Capt. the Hon. W. J. Ward R.N. , Continent. It i s rumoured 'th n. at Depart . u a r " Mrs. Major u Tennant, for Aldershot. 3 i be raised i3e to the exalted rank of Field and Lord Clyde are t , most gracious Majesty take r Liei!t.-Gen. Sir Joseph ens. Sir Howard Doui , las Field - Marshal. Why should not the same opportunity of gaze l r t , lT i l n g misplaced wh en ?. Surely no it wa s . cont - Thacktvell, G.C.8., a genera meritorious services in all parte of requital of his long and o!;e would think this honour mis —that dered that Sir Joseph served two campaigns In cf . Gwalior in 1843, and that of the Sutlej in 184 1 5 ndla ral of division, without receiving any recompense —as gene for his services, though he obtained such attering mention i n Lord Gough's despatches, especially after Sobraon, where he himself forced an opening in the Sikli intrenchments and led the 3+l Dragoons in single file through it, who made several gallant charges, cutting down the gunners at their posts, within the fortification, a feat unprecedented in the annals of warfare'.—Natal and Military Gazette. The marriage of the Hon. Gustavus Russell Hamilton and the Lady Katharine Scott will take place on Thursday next, at St. Michael's Church, Pimlico. • -, = , 0 •I f t ; • • •• • •.0 Arr Alp, 'AV 4 ‘ 4 , 4 A #` zi"%; "N• , , •, THE SUN. TUESDAY, AUGUST 31, 1858. 1 4 112 SUN, LONDON, TTYESOAY EVENING, AtTGINT 81, 18S9, LATEST INTELLICI'ENCE AUSTRALIA. By British and Submarine Telegraph.) MALTA, AUG. 30, 11 A.M. The following has arrived per Ripon, in advance of the Teviot, just signalled, with the Australian mails : The Pera left this morning for Alexandria. The Australian homeward mails leave to-day, with iutel- ligence from Sydney to the 10th of July, from Melbourne to the 15th, and from Ceylon to the 7th of August. The May mail by the Victoria had not arrived. The Victoria Parliament stood adjourned to the 10th of August, and will meet early in October. The import trade is dull, but not unhealthy. The exports in the six months exceeded the im ports by £385,000. The wool market was unchanged. Tallow in moderate demand. Exchange banks buy at 1 per cent. discount, and sell at par. In October railway debentures will begin to be transmitted, not exceed ing £150,000 per month. The departures of gold ships for England were — June 24, the Sultana, for Liverpool, with 40,500 ounces; July 3, the Supply, for London, with 79,992 ounces ; the 13th, the Ocean Chief, for Liver pool, 47,594 ounces. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY, 6 P.M. A steamer now waits at Dover to convey Lord Stratford de Redcliffe to the coast of France. His Excellency will pass through Paris on his way to Constantinople, probably about Sunday next. A great number of absurd reports are in circulation about his lordship's visit to the old scenes of his diplomatic triumphs, and a political character has been given to his return. The fact is, Lord Strat ford de Redcliffe goes again to Constantinople simply to take leave of the Sultan. He will not remain long, as he proposes to spend the winter in Rome. It may be observed that M. Thouvenal, the French Ambassador, has been instrumental, in conjunction with Sir H. Bulwer, in directing the Sultan's serious attention to the unsatisfactory political and financial state of the Turkish Empire. His Highness thoroughly appreciates the motives of the Ambassa dors of England and France, both of whom are on the best terms with the Sovereign to whose court they are accredited. A steamer waits at Dover, also, at the disposition of the Grand Duchess of Mecklenbourg-Strelitz, who is about to leave England. Lord and Lady Palmerston are passing the day with the Earl and Countess Cowley at Chantilly. I am sorry to be obliged to record such dry facts at a moment when some journals are making out Lord Palmerston an arch-conspirator, who, in a gloomy cave near Paris, is supposed to be plotting a mysteri ous political tragedy, accompanied by blue lights, which is to turn out the Derby Ministry and revolu tionise Europe ! La Presse, with a childish simpli city, informs the world how Lord Palmerston has had several interviews with M. Walewski and M. de Per signy, in order to replace the Derby Ministry by a Whig Cabinet. This supposition unfortunately upsets another little bit of political news which the Presse promulgated, when that journal printed from some obscure London newspaper a paragraph telling us Lord Palmerston was about to retire from public life. Your contemporary is therefore now obliged to add :—" Le bruit generalement accredits, it y a quelques jours, de la retraite de cet homme d'Etat semble done, sinon denue de toute espece de fondement, du moins fort anticipe." It would surely be in the interests of the Presse to pause and con sider from which source it ought to take its English information. Experience might have taught the editor of the Bulletin du Jour where to look for correct information. It only remains to add that the asserted interviews between M. Walewski, Count Persigny, and Lord Palmerston could not have been very frequent, since his lordship has never been further from Paris than St. Cloud ; whilst Count Walewski is at Vichy and M. de Persigny at his country seat. A letter from Jassy of the 18th, in the Vienna Gazette says :—" Our Ministry is now complete. It is composed as follows :—Minister of the Interior, the Grand Logothete, Alexander de Balsch ; Fi nance, Parajoti deßalach; Justice, George Beldimann; Hetman of the Militia, George Ghika ; Public Works, Alexander Ghika ; Public Instruction, Prince Demetrius de Cantacuzene ; Secretary of State, Jean Cantacuzene ; Prefect of Police, Saoull Mono." I presume this is the Ministry under whom the elections will take place. In Paris the new Turkish Cabinet is considered a guarantee for reforms so long demanded. I hear on good authority that the new advisers of the Sultan will call in aid some English, French, or German financiers, to assist in regulating the affairs of the Treasury. The International Telegraphic Commission assail bled at Berne has concluded its labours. The gene ral tendency of the modifications adopted is to ap proach as nearly as possible to the Austro-German convention of Stuttgardt ; and, with that view, seve ral articles of the French project have been replaced by the corresponding articles of a mixed convention signed at Brussels between Brance, Belgium, and Prussia, but which has not yet been ratified. The fol lowing basis has been adopted for the tariff :—For despatches not exceeding 20 words to distances not exceeding 100 kilometres (iths of a mile), lf. 50c. ; for every additional ten words or fraction of that number, 75c. to distances not exceeding 10 kil.; and for every additional 50 kil. the same sum of 75c. is added. Thus, for example, a despatch not exceeding 30 words to a distance of 700 kil. will cost 9f., and not exceeding 40 words 12f. The following are the opinions of four of the Parisian journals on Count de Persigny's speech : The Siecle says —" M. de Persigny occupies a special position in the Government. His faith in Napoleonian ideas, and his devotedness to the person of the Emperor, give to the words of the president of the council general of the Loire an importance and a significa tion which the language of other presidents cannot have. We think it well that men who are in vested with the confidence of the G vernment, in the sole elective bodies in which the wishes of the country can be manifested, should express their tendencies and desires, and the opinions which they suppose to he those of their constituents. . We believe that M. de Persigny is ill inspired, and that, notwithstanding his de votedness to the Imperial dynasty, lie is mistaken when he indefinitely adjourns the liberal reforms which have been so long expected and announces. He has just occupied with distinction an eminent post in a free country, and he must have understood the necessity of liberty amongst our neighbours. Mow can he admit that France is not anxious for the conquests of liberty—conquests for which she has shed her blood ? For our part, we believe fi rm ly, that, abstraction made of persons, there is in all France a true, sincere attachment to moderate liberty and to free institutions. As to the English alliance, we see with pleasure that the ex-Ambassador rf France at Lo n d on a pp r eciates at its just va bie the union of the two nati on .. The old hatreds which the Royalists and Jesuits endeavour to revive, appear to us, as they do to him, nearly effaced. The two nations have a j ust sentiment of their farce, and of s t e h l e v ir es ac a t s io io n v i i n oo T l r e o , European long afi.al a ir s s ; they justly consider them their flags shall be united. We have, therefore, only to express approbation of that part of the speech of M. de Persigny which is relative to the English alliance." The following is from the Presse : " We regret that M. de Persigny, who passes for a man professing liberal opinions, should have expressed unre served approbation of the laws which now govern the press, the regulation of which, visibly provisional , appea rs, even to many of the friends of the Imperial regime, to be in con tradiction with the definitive character which NI. de Per aim attributes to the present political establishment." The Gazette de France remarks : " This speech is net distinguished by any salient point from the usual run of official speeches. There is, however, one passage relative to Eneland which acquires some im portance from the high diplomatic position which M. de Per signy cccupied at the Court of St. James's. The English address p ss olic o y f of l‘ L Eu d r e o journals have hailed this passage with enthusiasm, as it ap peared__re to them to hold out a hope of peace, so that the p P e. ersi T a i n le y phoabslicaaltmiooost of f en t te h docu ment by the Moniteur after so many days' delay adds to its importan - ce did not before possess , or ane rthr gives it what it circumstance has induced us to copy it, 'jus -- t , . as it was t delivered , entered into or curtailment. It is not for us,eivaserewd4iwbietlwioeultl anyun derstood, either to express approbation or disapprobation of it. Every one knows our opinion of the English alliance, they theinaelvea arc couipelled in - remain imp:Alec in their encampments, and consume the supplies that are grudgingly afforded by the charity or Brigham Young. More and more wonderful, as we consider it, becomes the influence which that artful impostor wields over the minds of subject thousands ; and more convincing becomes the assurance that Utah, with its present population, and under present cir cumstances, will never yield submission to, or become an integral part of, the American Union. The Mormons must sooner or later be removed, and their migration will probably take place in the summer of 1659, with Sonora as its destination. Many of the males will, however, doubtless find their way to Fraser's River, and it is even not impossible that be fore another year the . whole extraordinary system of pseudo -theocracy may have collapsed, and nothing but the record of a wide-spread delusion be left to indicate the existence of the Mormon faith. The Washington news of the week is confined to a series of rumours of little interest. President and Cabinet are scattered in different directions, snatching a brief respite from the scorching and pestilential atmosphere of the capitol, and public business there fore has no extraordinary features. The prepara tions for the absurd expedition against Paraguay, nevertheless, are proceeding, and the " squad ron" will sail between now and October. The press of the country is almost unanimous in ex claiming that such a public display of impotence had better remain avoided ; when, however, the grounds of quarrel are considered—the expulsion of an infamous bully from Asunsion and the refusal to ratify a treaty which was disliked—the armanent appears fully adequate to the occasion. The only domestic intelligence of European interest consists in the recent elections in Kansas and Missouri. Both took place on the 2d of August, but from Kansas we have only partially complete reports. From these it appears, h ow ever, that the Lecompton Bill is rejected by a large majority, which will be sustained by the vote of counties yet to hear from, and that therefore the darling measure of the Admi nistration is rejected. Should these reports prove correct, and the territory really cast a vote adverse to the English-Lecompton Bill, the hated slave-con stitution will fall to the ground, and Kansas remain unorganised as a State for a year or two longer. The territory is now peaceable, and the Governor (Denver) although pro-Lecompton, appears to have made him self liked. We shall hear more of Kansas in the next presidential campaign. The Missouri election is interesting from the fact that in that bigoted slave State an important move ment towards emancipation took place last year. It had long been acknowledged that slave labour is unprofitable in Missouri, and it was seen that so long as slavery exists white immigration will be deterred. With these facts, an agitation for the con version of Missouri into a free State was commenced, and was so far successful that an anti-slavery repre sentative was actually returned to Congress, being the only free-soil representative of a State in which slavery exists. He was only elected, however, through a split among his antagonists, and the majority was still against him, although he had a plurality of votes ; but the novel fact of finding in Congress a voice raised from Missouri in favour of circumscribing the limits of negro bondage made a powerful impression through the South. Yet it would appear that Missouri is not yet ripe for eman cipation, as this year Mr. Blair has lost his seat, and the "Democratic ticket" is triumphantly returned. It is believed that a cargo of slaves was recently landed at some point in the south, as a vessel arrived at Savannah without papers, her captain stating that she came from the coast oiAfrica, and appearances testify to her late nefarious adventure. The usual fine for want of papers will be imposed, and a new set issued. A North and a South Carolinian have recently informed me, quite independently of each other, that cargoes of slaves are not unfrequently landed, to their own knowledge, on the southern coasts. This statement is corroborated by the num ber of young native Africans, frequently tatooed, whom any one can see in the slave markets at New Orleans. These unfortunate wretches are usually " run across" from Cuba, and their landing is, of course, winked at by the democratic officials of the South. Until the arrival of the Niagara and the success of the submarine telegraph, all New York was discussing a late judicial outrage in a case of alleged libel. The publisher of an amusing but somewhat scurrilous paper entitled the Alligator was recently put in possession of informa tion touching certain functionaries in New York. He heard that the head of the municipality was in the habit of allowing himself undue familiarity with the blooming matron of a public charitable institu tion, whom he appointed to the responsible post, and Branch boldly published the statement, together with many others of similar import. He was crimi nally indicted for libel, and brought up last week before a jury which is said to have been openly " packed." The prosecution was conducted as usual, but when the witnesses for the defence ap peared all but the most indirect testimony was arbitrarily excluded by the Court. The prisoner's counsel protested, but in vain, and after a one-sided charge from the judge, the jury retired for a few mo ments, and then returned a verdict of guilty. In stantly, without allowing the defending counsel time to protest, the sentence was delivered, and the heaviest penalty of the law—one year at the penitew• tiary and a fine of s2so—fell on the unfortunate Branch. Within three hours of his arraignment lie was confined in the Tombs (being placed between a couple of murderers), and next morning was hurried off to the penitentiary, where his head was shaved, a prison dress put on him, and the other indignities of a prison fully wrought out. I was in conversation a few hours after this mock trial with a prominent Democratic politician,who, as he alluded to it, dashed his fist heavily upon a table standing near and ex claimed, "By G—d, sir, I shudder when I think of our French revolution." Scarcely, however, was Branch housed in the penitentiary when Frank Leslie, the crusader against poisonous milk, was overthrown by the strong arm of the law. Leslie (an Englishman), publishing an illustrated news paper, has recently exposed the iniquities of the dis tillery cow stables, the milk from which is sold by the cartload in New York, and causes annually the death, it is calculated, of 4,000 infants, and in the course of his undertaking has severely animadverted on the corruption of the alder men appointed to investigate the swill - milk system. These men have presented a report, in which they laud this poisonous milk as equal, if not superior, to that of grass-fed cows ! On Saturday, the 7th instant, Leslie was arrested and hurried to the tombs (the city prison), on half-a-dozen suits for libel, emanating from the aldermen, and the presiding justice, demanding 47,500 bail, refused to receive it at all unless Leslie entered into recognisances to drop the subject he had been prosecuting during the space of an entire year. Instead of going to prison for 24 hours, Leslie accepted the terms of his adversaries, and he also will probably be sentenced to the penitentiary. I cannot forbear extracting a small specimen of forensic eloquence which emanated from the counsel of the indignant aldermen. This lawyer, Graham by name, had been, I believe, the subject of a humorous engraving in Leslie's paper. I quote: from the report of the New York Times:— " Mr. Graham proceeded to state that they intended to show Ouse English scoundrels that they could not libel and caricature respectable citizens with impunity. " Mr. Leslie suggested that Mr. Graham should be mote careful in his use of epithets. " Mr. Graham—Don't speak to me, you scoundrel, or I shall not be answerable for the consequences. The first acquaintance I ever had with Leslie showed him to he a d—d scoundrel. If they will meet me on any flat in New York, I'll take the heads off both of them. I'll show them there h: no Miss-Naucyistn about rue. " Mr. Leslie—We are gentlemen. We are no pugilists, Mr. Graham. " Mr. Graham—You are a G—tl d—d English thief. I can lick the pair of you. "Justice Osborne—Gentlemen, you must stop this. " Mr. Graham—The only question is, are two gentlemen to be continually libelled by these English transports? They contaminate the air. If I stay in the room much longer, I shall suffocate. See the mean-looking English thieves." I have only extracted the more decent portion of this colloquy, but I think it right to add that Mr. .Graham, although a leading man in the p rofession, is not a fair sample of the New York bar, so far as respectability is concerned. The principal lawyers in New York are Irishmen—as, indeed, is the case all over the country. Dick Busteed and Jim Brady, both natives of the Emerald Isle, are at the head of the profession here. Many, it' not all, your Irish readers will remember Thomas Savage, who, at a very early age, became foolishly implicated in the troubles of 1848, and was expatriated in consequence. He is now domiciled at Washington, as editor of the Slates' Newspaper, where his raw-head-and bloody-hones order of pa triotism has entirely left him. He has recently ,. completed a tragedy in five acts , entitled " which is to be produced during t he winter, the prin cipal role being filled by a gifted young actress, who is now studying the part. She is enthusiastic con cerning the merits of the piece, and I am informed by those who have seen " Sybil," that it really is a meritorious production. As a matter of course, it is devoted to the delineation of female character, and the author's delicate perceptions of womanly feeling and instinct have been highly commended. There is little stirring in literature, but a new work by the Italian, Guerrazzi, will shortly be pub lish i pub lished here. The translation is by an Italian pro fes or at Havard College. Guerrazzi's work is devoted to the life and tragic death of Isabella Medici dcgli Orsini, and is somewhat less saturated with blood, and horrid with unnatural crimes, than his last work, " Beatrice Cenci." AUGUST 16. Your correspondent attended on Saturday last a curious merrymaking, by special inviAtion. The occasion was so very novel and natialial, as well as pleasant and creditable, that J. ant tempted to recall a few particulars concerning it. Two young and enterprising Scotchmen, Messrs. Doug lass and Sher wood, who have made large fortunes within the last three years in the manufacture of crinoline skirts, employ an establishment of more than 800 girls in the fabrication of that article. The establishment of Messrs. Douglass and Sherwood is just such an assemblage of females, or gynmceum, as that alluded to in your felicitous editorial of July 17, but it pre sents more than one unusual and exemplary feature which might be studied with advantage by hundreds of British employers. The 800 employes of Douglass and Sherwood are for the most part young American girls—a small proportion only Irish—of the same station in life as that of the female workers in your London millinery establishments. In the marble palace where they daily assemble they are distributed in sections at their work, and each section is super vised by one of the most staid and matronly of the young ladies. Work is commenced at eight a.m., and continues until twelve, when a huge gong announces the dinner hour. A general adjournment then takes place to the parlour—a spacious and well-furnished apartment, in which the young ladies enjoy their meals, sing, romp, dance, and play on pianofortes, guitars, and accordions, especially provided for them by their employers. At one o'clock work is resumed and continues until five, at which early hour the labours of the day are over. A well-selected circu lating library is placed under the charge of a young lady engaged for that especial purpose, and each of the sections is admitted, by turns, to the privileges of this library. Not content, however, with this almost unparalleled solicitude and generosity,Messrs. Douglass and Sherwood lately resolved on treating their establishment to a pic-nic, and this affair came off on Saturday last). A huge steamer and two capacious barges were chartered for the occasion, and the 800 youn g ladies, about 1,200 of their male and female friends and relatives (each girl received three tickets of admission), with one or two hundred invited guests and delegations from the press, set out at an early hour in the morning for an island in the sound, about 20 miles from New York. Each of the young ladies had been presented with a dollar by their-employers for the purpose of providing suitable pic-nic fare, and two bands of music were provided tor the entertainment of the vast company, as well as for the use of the dancers. As mentioned already, your correspondent found himself a member of the merry expedition, and was pleased with the opportunity of observing a new phase of American social life. The 800 young ladies were creditable to their country. It may reasonably be doubted, in deed, whether, in as miscellaneous an assembly in Europe, so much genuine refinement and delicate beauty would have been presented. Although natu rally in anything but affluent circumstances, and de priyed of the avantages of a complete education, many of the fair sempstresses would have done honour to a European drawingroom. All were decently dressed, and the great majority wore toi lettes that would not have disgraced an aristocratic fete at Chiswick. At least 200 could be called pretty, at least a score were beautiful, and all but one or two were modest. Miss C., the Queen of the pic-nic, was literally besieged by more than a dozen representatives of the press, the military, and the public, yet the artless, fair-haired, blue-eyed Venus is "nothing but a sempstress ! " Dancing was unremittingly kept up during the three hours' voyage to the island, and the only difference percep tible between the decks of the barges and the floor of a Fifth Avenue drawingroom was that there was a trifle more decorum and a vast deal more enjoyment. Four or five hours were spent upon David's Island, where all the frolic of a pic-nic was enjoyed, and where a luxuriant dinner, overflowing with good cheer and champagne, was provided for the press and - the invited guests. It was a day of perfect and unsophisticated happiness. When the pic-nic was once more under weigh, dancing was resumed, and was kept up until New York was reached once more, as the city clocks were striking eight. Everything was republican throughout ; employers and employes dancing to gether, and shaking hands with a cordiality that must have been a sufficient recompense to the benevolent merchants for their great outlay. The expense of the pic-nic, I may mention, was in excess of £BOO (more than $4,000.) The only disagreeable feature was the presence of one or two hundred " rowdies," and "Bowery b'hoys," who could not be excluded, as they were the beaux or brothers of some of the poorer class of girls. A strong force of police kept these imitations of humanity in order, and only one unpleasant incident—an attempted murder, which resulted harmlessly—disturbed the occasion. I have dwelt at some length upon this pic-nic, both because I think it worthy in itself of mention, and ' because I indulge in the hope that the particulars I have recorded concerning Messrs. Douglass and Sherwood's treatment of their employes may serve ' as useful hints to some of your British manufac-' turers. But I fear that stout Mr. Smith, of Man chester, and burly Mr. Jones, of Salford, will hold I up their hands, and cast up the yellow of their eyes in astonishment at the folly of providing recreation and a dancingroom for " hands ' in the building in which they work. And the pianoforte's ! and the cir culating library ! If not unheard of in English factories, such a provision is indeed most rare. But, as the example of these energetic and far-seeing young Scotchmen has not only already inculcated the truth that men may employ their hands during reasonable hours, grant them every indulgence, and yet prosper in a most extraordinary manner, but has also inoculated other manufacturing partnerships with the idea of beneficence, so I do not despair tl-gt the gynmceums of Great Britain may yet be con verted into healthy and wholesome institutions, where the worker shall be elevated instead of demo ralised, educated into ladyhood instead of driven into prostitution. The steamer St. Louis brought us, at the close of last week, some interesting information from Fraser River. The details were carried out by the Vanderbilt on Saturday, so I will merely add some information I have since received. An experienced miner has recently returned from British Columbia, where he spent six weeks in wandering through the region of the upper river in search of gold. Setting out from Fort Hope, he journeyed some 200 miles northward, stopping here and there to prospect, but working - only two whole days, in which he secured about $2OO per diem. He penetrated farther inland than any other known white man, and returned only when his provi sions failed. He "is perfectly satisfied of the extreme richness of the rivers, and says Fraser River is the richest he ever knew—is not excelled by the most famous in California." This favourable account appears to be worthy of credence, but even this deponent does not deny that the floods of the Fraser will prevent digging on the bars during the greater portion of the year. The consequent forced inaction of the population will be most prejudicial to the interests of the new colony, as well as to themselves, unless, indeed, the attention of the new settlers can be turned to agriculture in the intervals of gold seeking. It is, moreover, possible that dry diggings may be discovered, which will materially alter the state of the case. At the last dates from British Columbia the immigrated population was suffering greatly through lack of food. Flour was selling at 20 guineas per barrel. It is greatly to be hoped that the friends of the British Pacific Railway will not allow their energy to be dulled during the Parliamentary recess, but will rather prepare for a triumphant campaign in the next session. The road must be built ; and, if it be once safely established upon British ground, Mr. Roebuck may dismiss his fears (idle at best) of the " overshadowing of the world" by the United States. The Hon. Wm. H. Seward has long ago prophesied for Canada the controlling part in the affairs of this continent, the advent of which the Pacific railroad will accelerate. This fact is clearly perceived by many American public men and journalists, and strenuous —possibly successful --efforts will be used in Decem ber to wring from the South, in Congress repre sented, its consent to a railway through the State of Minnesota to the Pacific. This may or may not be done, but in any case it will be equally incumbent upon Canada and Great Britain to see that a pathway is opened from the great commercial and naval port in Vancouver's Island to the waters of the Atlantic at Halifax and St. John. I received this morning a most interesting letter from a friend in Wisconsin, a young New Englander, a person of cultivation and refinement, who, never theless, recently deserted the pursuits of commerce for the bitter sweets of a farming life upon the prairie. Writing from " Sharon, Wisconsin," he tells me—" Our farm is situated at the edge of 1311; Foot, and consists in 120 acres of land, 80 of which are tillage and 40 pasture. Our stock counts up two horses, three cows, two steers, two pigs, 34 sheep —the nucleus of a flock—poultry, &c. The farm is considered one of the best in Walworth county • and our harvest i s b oun tif u l. N ex t week we real; our wheat, then the oats, next gather in Indian corn and potatoes, and finally buckwheat, millet, and tur nips. You ask me for a sketch of the scenery in my neighbourhood : I enclose you an ear of wheat. This, better than any pencil of mine, will convey to your mind an idea of our surroundings. 11 I was at all disappointed in my ex pectations of the country around here, it was because I found none of the anticipated wilder ness. Although nearly '2,000 miles west of New York, we remain partially civilised. I had looked for a wild country, dotted with log cabins, sparsely settled in isolated farms, uncleared, unfenced, and with a population of a decided back woodish turn of mind. On the contrary, the country in which lam settled is a perfect garden, at least for grain. As you know, the western lands are all surveyed and laid out by Government in rectangular sections. The lines run due north, south, east, and west, and the roads generally follow the same course, being usually about a mile or a mile and a half apart iu districts as well settled as this. In this manner counties, towns,* and farina are laid out almost in variably in squares and rectaugles. Farms usually occupy either 40, 80, 120, or 160 acres, the last number constituting a section ; but of course there are some individuals who own many sections. Wal worth county is one of the most thoroughly cultivated in the State, and there is scarcely any forest left within it. The price of land ranges from $2O to $7O per acre. New settlers generally prefer rich prairie land, because it is so soon brought under cultivation, and it therefore commands a high price. Old settlers, however, always prefer a wooded farm, as the land is better for pasturage, and more productive for everything but corn. Of course a farm on the edge of a prairie, and including a portion of " oak opening," is the most desirable of all. Unlike the prairies of Illinois, ours do not cover the State, but are scattered over it ; in some parts of Wisconsin the country is even hilly. Our own farm is an opening (wooded country), and extends to the edg e of Big Foot Prairie, which is only some ten miles across. The neighbouring farmers are chiefly of .English and Welsh origin, and have been formerly settled in different parts of the Eastern States, but have been induced or compelled to come out here, and, after several years of pretty arduous toil, have been enabled to establish comfortable homes but no more. If any one can renounce all hope of growing rich, is blessed with health, and enjoys hard labour, it is well enough to farm it west but it is scarcely the life to fascinate me. Yet there is a strange sort of idyllic pleasure in sur veying a hundred acres of land, one's undivided own, and in ordering the seed-time and the harvest, sub ject only to the seasons and to God !" My corres pondent adds that there is every prospect of an abundant harvest in Wisconsin. I must add a ?mall quota to the stock of American literature known in Europe. The usual annual con ventions of coloured people were held in different parts of New England on August 1, the anniversary of Jamaican emancipation, and the proceedings were in many cases highly amusing as well as highly co loured. A friend in Boston sends me a newspaper containing the following touching ballad, sung at the New Bedford Convention. Pleasantry apart, and looking rationally at the artless language employed, there is a deep meaning, as well as sentiment, in the song. I quote one verse only : I heard Victoria plainly say, If we would all forsake Our native land of slavery, And come across the Lake, That she was standing on the shore, With arms extended wide, To give us all a peaceful home Beyond the rolling tide. Farewell, Old Master! That's enough for me— I'm going straight to Caaada, Where coloured men are free." The words and air (they were sung to the tune of " Susannah") may provoke a smile ; but there is gi saddening shadow for a citizen of the United States in the closing words, " Where coloured men are free !" A more ambitious composition was a " poem" of about 150 lines, writen by a Mr. Perry, of which the following is a good specimen brick. Ido not knoYl whether it is epic, lyric, or dithyrambic " The polluted grasp of the miscreant Taney, Who boldly instigated on the many Judges of the Court Supreme to make a law, Such as the world before had never saw. All men are born both free And equal. Here would they see near three Million souls iu chains ; And one, the nominally free, Despotism reigns Triumphantly supreme, With the indignities which all have seen, Emanating from lands where Liberty has never been. For the edict of the recreant Taney had gone forth, to" if in caverns found were they, Come forth they must without delay, Because they had no rights that white men must obey!' I have read less sensible poetry than even this. * It is scarcely necessary to say that the American 0 , 1 3 I corr esponds rather with the French commune than with A' English town. It is a political—or, better, civil—parish' THE QUEEN IN GERMANY• ATJOUST Yesterday was the birthday of his Royal 'lig!. ness the Prince Consort, and the members of tr. Royal Family of Prussia called upon his Royal We ness to pay their visits of congratulation. His Royal Highness the Duke of Saxe-Cobu rg arrived at Babelsberg to pass the day with his roy brother. Her Majesty the Queen and the Prince Consort; the Prince and Princess of Prussia, the Prince a e Princess Frederick William, and the Grand Du ke and Grand Duchess of Baden, drove out in the att er, noon in two carriages and four. t t he The dinner party in the evening to wee- he Queen and the Prince Consort was confined to t o P i members of the Prussian Royal Family, the Gre d Duke and Grand Duchess of Baden, the Duk e 0, Saxe-Coburg, Prince Leopold of Hohen zuller ee Prince Augustus of Wurtemberg, and Fr i° William of Baden. vie In the evening the grounds at Babelsberg beautifully illuminated. The inhabitants of the e l O of Potsdam also spontaneously illuminated their 014 and the bridge over the Havel was covered 111,0 variegated lamps, and was occasionally suffused 41 the reflected glow of lights of different colours. 10 very fine display of fireworks took place at the of l o y time, and the whole exhibition, which was admit arranged, produced a most striking effect. ;deli ° A large party of the most distinguished res• - of in Berlin, together with the suites of her AlikiAeo and the Prince, the members of the Royal Pruly Households, and the gentlemen belonging to British Legation at Berlin, were invited. be e fa d The Dom Choir had the honour of singing the royal party, and M. de Bulow performed se pieces upon the pianoforte. AU G ' ?lel Her Majesty the Queen and his Royal Ilig"'10 .he Prince Consort arrived here at a quarter t° o'clock p.m., from Babelsberg, all well. FOREIGN COURTS. PARIS, Atrc l ai ' A Council of Ministers, at which the Emperor Pr`— was held yesterday, at St. Cloud, A letter from Vienna states that the Archduke —I) or President of the Council of the Empire, proposes days to start on a journey on foot which is to extent' oe as Switzerland. He will only be accompanied by 1316 ote de-camp. The Archduk e i s v e r y f on d o f wa lking, a n d r fers that kind of exercise to any other. t t l3 : Mr. Warren is remaining in town throug'• h ° l2 A diti° long vacation, engaged in the completion of a new of his Popular and Practical Law Studies. ,313 1 5 GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION. The Gov- -m 1 , 0 0 emigrant ship Forest Monarch sailed from Southanlnvoir, Wednesday the 25th instant, for Sydney, New South '' o o o g with 51 married couples, 83 single men, 75 single 00 for 33 boys between the ages of 1 and 12, 39 girls betwee, i tl i r s ame ages, and 9 infants, making a total of 341 souls, n od to 296 statute adults. The emigration commisslonelthie, given notice of their intention to receive tenders next 1 : 0 9 7 p taed f r o rma r the conveyan ce d e boyn Calcutta, v t e h y e an a c e v oi r ore " 3 . doaf emigrants day, t h thesee p 2 odfrrptosru:o xa Trinidad r b a teo s d h me i yt Trinidad, to be placed at the disposal of the igors's" agent at Trinidad not later than the 30th of October. 0 1 MERCHANT SEAMEN'S ORPHAN AsYlA 4 r Ar eo„ / : half-yearly election for the admission of fresh •eh il 'of v this asylum, for the board, clothing, and eductttion cog; children of merchant seamen, deceased, took pktie e of day at the London Tavern, under the auspices 10,0 George Ward, a member of the committee, vi-h,e o tr,i; absence of Mr. Alderman Wire, occupied the cllatt' a pctoi a list of eight candidates among the girls, three we r ey and nine boys , out of a list of nineteen eandidntes• regulation, that all votes polled for unsuccessful es t' 1 4 at the first election shall be carried, to their creditlo,, d 01 three following elections, materially assisted in seeo os ttily li final election of several of the candidates. The patretri friends of the charity are urgently called upon vo seg o to the fund for the erection of a new building for t or io dren, rendered imperatively necessary by tkde cireuetirseil limits of the present establishment, and tae short % D a 11 of its lease. A building site has been tved upon , 110 ° now needed is a sufficient fund to be se , cured by the A is required. t ov oa THE BIGAMY CASE AT OxFOßD.—Frallas was brought before the mayor and city magis tr- br fi d remand, on Friday last, to answer the charge ° f .00 married Edward Taplin, at Chester, on the *" . e. 0 March, 1857, her former husband being still 811/0 !;ci Neale, solicitor, and brother-in-law of the i lia r;ti appeared on her behalf; 'and, strange to say, co ol ceedings were instituted by him and with be r 0 0 1 be Mr. Brunner appeared for Taplin. Mr. Nealtaely for an adjournment of the ca-e to Friday next, of h oer said lie should be enabled to produce eviderieL, trot first marriage, and to bring before the Coutt iu" efiro, husband, Peyton, who is now abroad. T 1 1. 7. P i et granted the application, subject to the same ha t y ,oo ° , 6 1 1 Peyton then applied to the bench to bind Ter fiStat , to keep the peace, as his conduct had been very lo.o towards her, and he had gone to her residelle: Giles's and smashed her furniture. Taplin made l i n r ef tiou, and accordingly he was bound over in his e " er r e nisances of LA. Both parties appear respectable 00, and it is rumoured that Mrs. Peyton is entitle d to hoe versionary interest of £B,OOO, and that her first hue" rt l/ dead, so that Taplin is tier third husband. SO 41 THE AMERICAN MAILS.—The British and ,peri l American royal mail steamship Asia sailed from the:, at about 11 o'clock on Saturday morning Boston, with the weekly mails, 156 passengers, ant. cargo of manufactured goods. for the:, (0' arewirsimiwaso —, _ bud tad u2ni7 i,ol add that In 14FnlY titthli4 ova *liar eons pletely from M. da Poriiguy, while at the aamo time we give him full credit for the elevated sentiments and the disinte restedness of which he has on more than one occasion given striking proof& Tha exaggeration of those qualities, which are always an ornament and a virtue in a man in private life, is sometimes injurious to the safety of the coup d'ced of political men. It is, however, pleasing to meet a warm hearted, straightforward man in one's path, even when he does not appreciate many things as we do." PARIS BOURSE.—The market has been rather feverish. Forced purchases for several speculators who had been compromised by their transactions for a fall led to a little improvement. Threes, which have been done at 70fr. 70e. and 70fr. 75c., relapsed to 70fr. 55c.; Mobilier varied from 785 fr. to 7751 r. ; Austrian, 6571 r. 50c. to 652 fr. 50c.; Orleans, 1,355 fr. to 1,345 fr. ; Lyons, 830 fr. to 825 fr.; Northern, 957 fr 50c. to 952 fr. 50c.; Eastern. 730 fr. to 725 fr. ; and Southern, 5551 r. to 552 fr. 50;.:. The market became rather more steady at the close, when the following were the quotations : Fr. Ct. 41 per Cents. 97 25 Do. end of month 97 25 Three per Cent. 7O 90 Do. end of month 70 80 Bank Shares 3,170 Credit Mobiller 785 Do. account RAILWAYS. Cash—Fr. et. account—Fr. Ct Orleans Northern New ditto - Lyons and Mediterranean 822 50 .. 825 New ditto 615 Geneva Midi Western 623 75 Eastern Grand Central — Sardinian ........... .• . 450 Austrian Fr.Ct Credit Fonder — Belgian 4i r- Piedmontese Roman 9l Austrian . 93 Spanish Threes...... Hone Debt 39 25 613 75 555 - 625 - 727 50 452 50 652 50 THE UNITED STATES. NEW YORK, AUG. 10. The social atmosphere remains as it has been since Thursday last, surcharged with electricity. Popular conversation turns on nothing but the Atlantic tele graph. Preachers discourse of it in the pulpit ; its prosperity is drunk in lager-bier saloons five thousand editors are rhapsodising over it—separated lovers grow hopeful when they reflect upon it— speculators and stockjobbers burn for the arrival of the moment when they will be able to make use of it—and all the otherwise undesignated world is delighted to hear of its safe arrival, and hopes it comes prepared to make a perpetual stay. It was but an hour or two after the despatch of my last that we learned beyond a doubt (on Saturday afternoon, 7th instant), that the cable was safely landed in Ireland as well as on the Newfoundland coast. Once made certain of the fact, the excitable population of the Union gave vent to its joy unrestrainedly ; cannon were fired, bells set a pealing, flags hoisted, cities illuminated, and bonfires lit. Each successive edition of our newspapers is crowded with telegraphic reports from various States and cities announcing the manner in which the great intelligence was received, and the following despatches, which I have selected from among the shortest, will serve to give your readers an idea of the impression made all over the United States : " NASHVILLE (TENESSEE), Saturday, Aug. 7.—Gene ral joyful feeling throughout the city. The printers cele brate the event to-night with fireworks and speeches. " COLUMBUS (Ouio), Saturday, Aug. 7.—The citizens here are very much excited. They have been deceived once, and are awaiting certain confirmation before having a great celebration. " RUTLA.ND (VERMONT), Friday, Aug. 6.—There is . great rejoicing here to-night , in a pp reciation of the g reatest event in the history of the world. All the bells are ringing a merry peal, and bonfires are burning in the streets; the Herald and Courier offices, the hotels, and all the stores, and many of the dwelling-houses are illuminated, and the people are full of enthusiasm. " PROVIDENCE (RHODE ISLAND), Saturday, Aug. 7 This afternoon the church bells were rung, flags displayed, and a salute of 100 guns fired in honour of the success ful layinktf the Atlantic cable." The Vermonters, you wiii,notice, became even grandiloquent in their enthui&sm. But the Cana dians are frantic. Their loyal voices are chanting " God save the Queen " from the river Saguenay to Lake Superior; nor are the blue noses of the pro vinces less enthusiastic. We learn from Halifax that a great torchlight demonstration took place there on Saturday, and that "many persons came in by rail road from the surrounding country to witness it. Double royal salutes of 42 guns each were fired from the citadel and flag-ship and by the Halifax Artillery as Queen Victoria's message to President Buchanan was passing through Nova Scotia." Much speculation is naturally rife as to the effect that will be had by this event on the transactions of' speculators. Although it is the opinion of many that speculation will be rendered impossible by the continued arrival of instantaneous intelligence from European markets, it would seem, to reason by ana logy, that all due scope for legitimate speculation will remain. The shipper of American produce or purchaser of European manufactures on this side, and the cotton or flour buyers of Liverpool and the rest of England, will stand certainly in no nearer relation to each other than the merchants of New York and New Orleans ; yet the existence of the telegraph between these two cities has never repressed, it has rather encouraged, commercial speculation. It will still remain with the shrewdest to unravel the purport of the electric tidings, to anticipate the coming rise or fall, and to flash his orders through the waves of the Atlantic, as hitherto he has despatched them from Liverpool to London, or from Boston to New York. There can be no doubt that America has nine-tenths of the advantage of the cable. All but an inconsiderable amount of her foreign trade is with Europe, while the pecuniary settlement of the remainder is gene rally made there ; whereas the interest of England, and of the other commercial nations in the trade of America is, after all, but fractional. It is natural, therefore, that such rejoicings a 9 the present should take place in the United States ; but it is very unrea sonable to expect, as many of our journalists do, that similar exultation will be expressed on your side. The advantage to England will no doubt be great ; but many a long year will elapse before the Cr. side in the national ledger balances the large expenditure which has been made for this purpose. A week's later intelligence from the Great Salt Lake, dated precisely a month ago, brings us some interesting particulars concerning the state of affairs in Utah. In obedience to the commands of Brigham Young, the Mormon population have returned to their homes from their refuge at Provo, and the condition of many of them is described by correspondents as shockingly des titute. Means of transportation are scarce, and the unfortunate females, who compose a majority of the returning population, are seen plodding their way along the road with faces and lips excoriated by the alkaline dust, and frequently dressed in tattered garments, which only a stretch of charity can admit as modest. "Many," says a letter-writer "are en tirely without even a calico gown, wearing a coarse petticoat, sometimes made out of a scant pattern of old carpet, or a worn-out coverlet, and a calico or muslin waist." Some of them are able only to wrap a blanket about their persons, after the manner of the Indian squaws. The harem of Brigham Young has all been brought up to the city, but is kept closely prisoned in his "palace," and no opportunity is granted to the gentiles to converse with any of its members. The attit ide of the general population still remains sullen and defiant, and every obstacle is thrown in the way of the military and judicial autho rities, who have nominally taken possession of the territory. The governor alone, Mr. Cumming, is halid-in-glove with Brigham, and he is consequently accused of culpable connivance with the Mormon plans for the purpose of ensuring an election as United States senator for the prospective State of Utah ; but it is impossible to accept this uncharitable con struction until more authentic intelligence is re ceived. The position of the military in Utah is, however, exceedingly anomalous. On United States' territory, and surrounded by natives of New Eng land and the remaining States, as well as of Great Britain and Scandinavia, they are nevertheless treated as if they were in an enemy's country, while cif wit 7,( cr to, to In of ca