The Sun. — London, England, 1860-03-24 00:00:00

THE CORNHILL MAGAZINE. No. 4 (tor APRIL, 1860), Will be published' on WEDNESDAY, the 28th inst. CONTENTS. 1. Lovel, the Widower (with an Illustration). Chapter IV. A Black Sheep. 2. Colour Blindness. 8. Spring. By Thomas Hood. 4. Inside Canton . 5. William Flog - arth, Painter, Engraver, and Philosopher , Essays on the Man, the Work, and the Time. IIL A Long Ladder, and Hard to Climb. 6. Studies in Animal Life — Chapter IV.—An extinct animal reco gn i be d by its tooth ; how came this to be possible ? -The task of classification - Artificial and natural methods —Lin naeus and his baptism of the animal kingdom ; his scheme of classification—What is there underlying all true classilloations ?—The chief groups—What is a species ?—Re-statement of the question respecting the fixity or variability of species—The two hypotheses —lllustration drawn from the Romance languages — Caution to disputants. 7. Strangers Yet ! By R. Monckton Milnes. 8. Frawley Parsonage (with an Illustration). Chapter X.—Lucy Roberts. „ Xl.—Griselda Grantly. Xll.—The Little Bill. IL Ideal Houses. 10. Dante. 11. The Last Sketch—Emma (a fragment of a story by the late Charlotte Bronte). 12. finder Chloroform. 13. The How and Why of Long Shots and Straight Shots. London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill. ROYAL EN OLIS II OPERA. COVENT-GA RDEN. Under the manacement of Miss L. Pyne and Mr.W. Harrison. TIIIS F.VENING, Henry Leslie's Operetta Romance of DICK TURPIN. Messrs. St. Albyu and G. Honey; Misses Thirlwall and Cruise. After which, will be repeated the grand Opera, en titled LIJRLINE, by W. Vincent Wallace. Messra.W. Har rison, Santley, Corri, and 0. Honey ; Misses Louisa Pyne, Pilling, and F. Cruise, Conductor, Alfred Mellon. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buokstone. THIS EVENING, THE BOARDING SCHOOL. After which, will be performed THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. C. Mathews, Buckstone, Compton, Chip pendale, Mrs. C. Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins. With HOW TO MAKE HOME HAPPY. And JACK'S RETURN FROM CANTON. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM. — Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame Celeste. Eighth Week of the eminently succesful Drama, "A Tale of Two Cities," and Last Week but One of the present season —lsth night of the engagement of Mrs. Keeley. THIS EVENING (first time) a new Comedietta, entitled "117, ARUNDEL-STREET, Sl' RAN D." Princioal eharae ten; by Mr. Walter Lacy, Mr. J. Rouse, and Mrs. Keeley. After which, will be performed the new drama, entitled TIIE ABBE VAUDREUIL ; or, The Court of Louis XV. The Abbe Vaudreuil, Madame Celegte ; Louis XV., Mt. 11. Butler ; Lieut. Henri Delcour, Mr. F. Villiers. Concluding with the new Drama of A TALE OF TWO CITIES, by Tom Taylor, Esq., from the story of that name by Charles Dickens, Esq. Principal characters by Mr. James Vining, Walter Lacy, Villiers, Rouse, Forrester, J. Johnstone, T. Lyon, Morton, Palmer, White, H. Butler, Clifford, and Fredericks ; Misses Kate Saville, Stuart, Turner, Mrs. Campbell, and Madame Celeste. Commence at I. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, to commence with the favourite comedy of LONDON ASSURANCE. And TWICE KILLED. Followed by A PRINCE FOR AN HOUR. NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHL Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. ilen,. Webster. THIS EVENING, ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Mr. J. L. Toole, Chas. Selby, Billington, Mrs. Chatterlev, Mrs. Bil lington, Miss Kate Kelly, and Laidlaw. After which, THE JEALOUS WIFE. Messrs. Alfred Wigan, Tools, Selby, Billington ; Mrs. A. Wigan, Mrs. Chat terfy. Followed by LOVE AND HUNGER. Mr. David Fisher, Mr. Paul Bedford, C. Selby, C. J. Smith, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor ler bills of performance. All fees to servants of this establishment are strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. Directress, Miss Wyndham. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and Westminster, the Park being open to **Triages and loot passengers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING the performances will "No. 40." Followed by BLACK-EYED SUSAN. After which, MAGIC TOYS. Miss Lydia Thompson and Miss Clara St. Casse. After which the successful burlesque of DIDO. Mesdames Wyndham, Clara St. Casse, Eliza Arden, and Mr Charles Young. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 8d ; Pit, is. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six; perform once commences at 7. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.- MISS LYDIA THOMPSON has the honour to an nounce to the nobility, gentry, and the public, that her BENEFIT, and Last Appearance but Four at the above Theatre, will take place on MONDAY, Marsh 26, when will be performed A BORDER 3IARRIAGE. Miss Wyndham, Mr. 11. T. Craven, and Mr. C. Young. -- • - After which (for the 102 d time), the successful Ballet farce. MAGIC TOYS' Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss St. Casse, To be follow.:cl by DIDO. To conclude with (for this night only) OUR WIFE ; or, The Rose of Amiens. Tickets to be had at the Box-office, and of Miss Thompson 6, Argyle-street, Euston-road, CANTERBUR Y HALL CONCERTS THIS EVENING. LUCREZIA BORGIA, (Donizetti). Donna Lucrezia Miss Russell. 31,1ff10 Orsini lirs. Anderson. Oennaro NIr. Henry Herbert. Don Attonzo Signor Tivoli. Conductor—Mr. Jong,limans. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfleld, and E. W. Hackney. Several interesting; Pictures arc added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and eautitled, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. TUB WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, MAIICIL 2 - 4, 1560 THEICILOMETER, IN TILE SIIADB. 49—highest mace noon yesterday. 40—lowest this morning and during the night. 48—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.05 ; ♦ery low. WIND, Westerly ; fresh, with dull weather, HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 3h. lm.—Afternoon, 3h. 16m To-moußow.-Morning, 3h. 31m.—Afternoon, 3h. 45m v - J, .'., -. ,;).. ,-1-, - ~ , ) 41 . - 4 , - , 1 / 4 '. -- ,. - i7::;:iL , i•,, Se , 4 ,' Z : ," : ' . _ ~ !,/?.;:k;- • ;?,\ V 3 ' , # oi. r Bfi• r 5 ~ L,. OW.- '„c4. •-• , r-Ft ~,--.-, '• :_____.: 4 rzi t • -- V ~.• " • ,;., "—.,,,,, 'tr • , i , Es s . , - 6; ,- , , ,-," 7: t• ---,.. THE SUN. LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 24, 1860 So then—we ars saddled with a tenpenny Income Tax, as Mr. GLADSTONE'S Budget threatened. Thu country has to pay down within the year a round sum of £10,000,000 to please the French EMPEROR, and to enable him to carry out effectu ally his policy of aggrandisement. Freedom of speech is at the same time deprecated by her MAJESTY'S Ministers—for fear anything might per chance be said by honest plain-speaking men like Mr. ROEBUCK or Mr. TIORSMAN— through a terror lest words might be uttered by them that would possibly give offence to his Imperial MAJESTY at the Tuileries ! Besides, have we not already allowed Mr. COBDEN, as our Peace at any Price agent-on-the- sly, to sell us for all those wonderful advantages (all prospective, by the way—at the end of eighteen months—and then only to begin partially)— have we not allowed the member for Rochdale, dubbed years ago (prophetically) by Mr. CARLYLE, " the Political Bagman"—have we not allowed Mr. COBDEN to go over to Paris, and there, in a confidential chat with the French EM PEROR, to huckster away our independence of action, of speech, and of policy ? For the which extraordinary privilege we had to yield up 21,000,000 in the shape of remitted duties, thereby wantonly increasing our already enormous deficit ! Simultaneously with which wise proceedings we baYe—because of our Imperial ally, and for no other earthly reason—to expend £30,000,000 upon the year in keeping up our naval and na:litary armaments! It is a time of Peace to us here in Europe. We h ave no quarral with any European State, least of all with our magnanimous ally on the other side of th e Channel. Yet to enable the French EMPEROR to carry out his wily policy of annexation. to please his Imperial Majesty, we aro to pay a wa r tax of £ 10 , 000,000 in this y ear of peace— we are, in this year of peace, to expe n d £3O, 000,000 in war expenditure—France doing no thin; g of the kind in the way of a similar suieit Jai sacrifice upon the altar of friendship. So muel i the reverse, indeed, that all France has to do is to , accept unlimited supplies from us of coal and n (very conveniently for the possible contingency of war purposes—in the future), while she is in the very act of pocketting Savoy and the Savoyaxds ! And to crown everything for the tri umph of NAPOLEON'S policy—to com- plete our ignominious treatment to the very last de gree, we are expected meekly to hold our tongues, ,o utter no word of complaint or remonstrance— through (clear of our possibly offending his Imperial Majesty ! This is positively, literally the argument which has for weeks past been addressed to the BRITISH HOUSE OF COMMONS by the Ministerial Chiefs of her Britannic MAJESTY'S Government! The House of Commons, moreover, is (marvellous to relate) wonderfully compliant. The Ministry that acts thus, that argues thus, that diplo matizes thus, that thus strangely regulates the finances of the country—adding deficit to deficit, and buying a one-sided free trade treaty for £1,000,000 sterling, in order that the nation may be mulcted (by a war tax) of £10,000,000 in a year of peace that yet requires £30,000,000 in the way of warlike expenditure—this amazing Cabinet so acting, so arguing, so diplomatising, and so re gulating our finances, carries everything before it in the House of Commons by one large majority after another. It was only, therefore, in the re gular order of things, that the 10d. income tax was "agreed to" last night quietly, meekly, obsequiously in Committee of Ways and Means, when, in due form, the following memorable resolution was placed in the hands of Mr. MASSEY by the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer :—" That towards rais ing the supply granted to her MAJESTY, there shall be charged, collected, and paid, for one year, com mencing on the 6th of April, 1860, for and in respect of all property, profits, and gains, charged or charge able under the act passed in the 16th and 17th years of her MAJESTY'S reign, shaper 34, for granting to her MAJESTY duties on profits arising from pro perty, professions, trades, and offices, either by assessment, contract of composition, or other wise, the following rates and duties, that is to say : Upon any assessment on the an nual value or amount of any property, profits, or gains (except property, profits, and gains chargeable under schedule B of the said act), the rate or duty of 10d. for every 20s. of the annual value or amount of all such property, profits, and gains respectively ; and for and in respect of the occupation of lands, tenements, hereditaments, and heritages chargeable under schedule B of the said act, the rate or duty of sd. in England, and of 32d. in Scotland and Ireland respectively, for every 20s. of the annual value thereof." True there was an amendment proposed, according to previous announcement, by Sir HENRY WIL LOUGHBY—a moderate amendment enough, that in this resolution, instead of 10d., 9d. should be substituted. After a little pro forma discus sion, however, the amendment was negatived in committee upon a division, there being for it 132, but against it 187—leaving in a house of 319 a clear majority of 55 for her MAJESTY'S Government. Certainly matters are going on swim mingly—for the Emperor NAPOLEON HI. He takes Savoy. He dictates to Italy. He has van quished in successive wars the best troops of Russia and of Austria. And now in re gard to his intimate ally, England—how has he con trived to measure out his Machiavellian policy ? To perfection, he has in a great measure gagged the House of Commons, or at least the Ministerial side of it. He has twirled Mr. COBDEN'S sagacity round his thumb as effectually as if he had been fingering a paper light for his cigarette. By his immense armaments—hie imposing navy and his superb army of 600,000 men flushed with victory—he constrains us (his allies) to keep up in a time of profound peace warlike armaments that cost us upon the year £30,000,000. And having ingeniously contrived to increase our deficit by another million through the medium of a commercial treaty, that yields to France almost exclusive advantages, he compels us, at his autocratic bidding—to please him—to buy his favour—to propitiate his smiles—he com pels us to drain the nation by a tenpenny income tax by the most odious and unjust of all war taxes, to drain the nation within the compass of the halcyon year ensuing of £10,000,000. In the presence of all which facts we are expected to fling up our caps for Mr. GLADSTONE as a Master-Financier. " Can such things overcome us "—not " like a summer cloud," but rather be it said like the ominous darkening of a wintry storm —" without our special wonder ?" Whatever our emotions may be, however—we must hold our peace, lest perchance our Imperial ally (having under his supreme command that enormous steam fleet and that vast army of 600,000 men) should possibly take offence at the freedom of our language! Surely Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S famous panegyric upon Lord PALMER STON must have a very different reading now-a-days. Surely the words should run now—if they be truthful—He is not the Minister of Russia, he is not the Minister of Austria, he is not the .Minister of England—HE /S THE MINISTER OF FRANCE! The disturbance at Pesth, on the 15th of March, which the Austrian authorities have endeavoured to make light of, turns out to have been a serious affair. The police and Austrian soldiers, as by courtesy they are termed, certainly thought so. They mustered in great numbers, and did not, of course, fail in those brutalities which Austrian men with muskets and bayonets in their bands are ever ready io perpetrate on the unarmed. Had the students of Pesth been French Zouaves, these same gentry would probably have run for it till they found themselves safe at Vienna. We have a right to think so, for it is a maxim in the code of honour that a man who can wound or kill another who is not equally armed is a poltroon and a cowarl He is a brute, not a man. The 15th of March is in Hungary the anniver sary of patriot blood. On that day the Hungarian re volution began in 1848 ; and on that day all pa triotic Catholics, and, in n nd li ,happily, that is the vast Catholics majority of ungaiy, celebrate requiems for the repose of the souls of those who fell that year on the field of battle and on the scaffold the WALLACES of Arad and Pesth being held in especial remembrance. We who admit the superstition, from a religious point of view, of such a service, can yet admire the senti ment which seeks for blessing to the souls of victims who " cry froiri"the altar before tho throne " for vengemice on their savage murderers. Vengeance which seems imminent. And if we cannot believe that the souls of patriots are, in suffering, to be mitigated only by priestly services here, we can yet cordially sympathise with the tenderness for the peace of such noble souls which is felt by these honest believers in purgatory. But the Austrian Government does believe with the young Catholics of Pesth. More blind or benighted victims of superstition are not to be found in the cabins of Ireland, than on the throne of the Hapsburgs. FRANCIS JOSEPH and his servants believe in the efficacy of such services as the students desired to celebrate. And yet these wretches, having strangled and shot nobler men than them Selves, pursue them, according to their .own belief, into the world below, and having inflicted the ex treme of human penalties, to be deire tokeep under what th e y the s penalties of believe a with IRE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 24, 1860. ---; higher judge. The very superstition of the Austrian administrators condemns them for almost 6acre ligious barbarity. The living were not permitted to seek " the ;repose" of the dead, because the dead were patriots. Our readers will peruse the account of the matter with disgust. No doubt the " authorities" feared a national demonstration. Everything of that kind they desired to repress ; yet even under the infernal police laws of Austria there was no law which which could prevent good Catholics proceeding in mourning to a church to celebrate a requiem for the repose of the dead. The students, however, went from church to church ohly to be driven from the gates by bayonets. At the Cathedral and even at the Cemetery it was no better. The young men restrained all the feelings of youth; and it appears conducted themselves with admirable propriety. Yet it would seem, that not less than 15 of them were wounded, and many arrested, for doing nothing at all illegal. Of course the people sympathised wholly with the students, and all parties in Hungary will feel equally exas perated against their Austrian tyrants. But what must be the condition of the Austrian Empire when two of its largest provinces are in suppressed rebellion against it ? Venetia is ready to rise with its whole population—so is Hungary— but Venetia and Hungary are absolutely unarmed. Still neither country is now a part of Austria. She possesses only the ground occupied by her cannon, her soldiers, and her police. She is a dismembered Empire de facto. It is not merely restless indivi duals here and there which trouble her ; she is the hated of entire populations. For all offensive pur poses she is powerless. CAVOUR may well feel confident that Austria will not move out of Venetia —at present she has quite enough to do to move in it. And, by the time she may ever be able to act, Piedmont will, we trust, have an army that will make her think twice before she repeats on the Mincio her folly at the Ticino. .Europe mus now set its heart on a kingdom of Hungary, which would be infinitely better than an empire of Austria. Several curious items are observable in the re cently published accounts of the receipts and the expenditure of the Commissioners of Public Works and Buildings. A few of the more remarkable are worthy of some more particular enumeration. They relate, these accounts, to the revenue and to the disbursement of the moneys appertaining to this department within the compass of the financial year ending on the 31st of March, 1859. So that they are past by nearly one entire twelvemonth. At the close of that financial year, it is satisfactory to find that there remained a clear net balance in posses sion of the Board amounting to upwards of £529,300 —the expenditure having been merely £639,662 19e. Gd., whereas the receipts had amounted to as much as £1,168,964 odd shillings. Upon a nearer examination of the different items of expenditure, it appears that—between the en dof March, 1858, and the end of March, 1859—more than £47,000 were paid for the maintenance and repair of the Royal Palaces ; more than £lOO,OOO for the expenses of public buildings; more than £90,000 for royal parks and gardens; more than £87,000 for the new Houses of Parliament ! It is a particularly pleasant re miniscexce in regard to the last-mentioned disburse ment to note that £2,255 6s. Bd. are down " for payment on account" of the great bell and the four quarter bells of the clock-tower ! However capable the Bull in the nursery-song about Cock Robin may have been to toll that bell " because he could pull" —it is, as yet at least, very different with JOHN BULL and his bell down yonder at Westminster. The national Bull, unhappily, can only in re gard to Big Ben contrive now and then to pull the knot out of his purse-strings for "the payment on account" every now and then of agreeable little items like this, of £2,255 6s. Bd. Glancing further down these tables of expenditure for 1858-1859, we find more than £lOO,OOO set apart for the Stationery-office; a little over £19,000 for additional offices for the War Department ; upwards of £29,000 for district registries and the London Court of Probate ; something over £5,357 for British Embassy-houses abroad. There are, besides these sums—for Chelsea-bridge more than £B,OOO ; for the main drainage of the metropolis , more than £7,700; for the site of the new public offices in Powning-street (as yet but a dreary wilderness of potsherds and brickbats) upwards of £ll,OOO ; for the Pimlico Im provements more than £10,000; for the general record repository more than £7,000 ; and besides other items of less note, as much as £64,508 2s. Gd. for the new bridge at Westminster. Nobody will grudge the munificent sum of more than £32,600 for improvements and additions to the British Museum. And rejoicing as we do at the unrivalled splendour and beauty of that exquisite and majestic Reading-room, which is the palatial home and haunt of 80,000 readers, we marvel to find set apart for it and the contiguous library no more than £9,446 Os. 11d. Conspicuous among the " special accounts"—there is one item that loyal economists will not be disposed for one instant to quarrel with, viz., £5,559 15s. Id. for fitting up the Chapel Royal and the State apartments at St. James's Palace on the occasion •f the mar riage of the PRINCESS ROYAL, England's eldest daughter. Rather after date—we have £9OO put down for the funeral (! ) and tomb of_the Duke of WELLINGTON ; besides another sum of £7OO for the Wellington Monument. Such are a few of the more noticeable particulars gleaned from the last published balance-sheet issued from the office of our English /Edile. Her Majesty the Queen will hold a Privy Coun cil on Monday next, the 26th inst., at three o'clock, at Buckingham Palace. The Queen and Prince-Consort, accompanied by Princess Alice and Prince Alfred, honoured the performance at the Olympic Theatre with their presence last evening. In attendance were the Marchioness of Ely, Lord Crcmorne, Lord Alfred Paget, and Col. the Hon. A. Ilardinge. The Duke and Dachess of Manchester hare arrived at their mansion, in Great Stanhope-street, from Kimbolton Castle, where they have been receiving a suc cession of visitors for some time past. The Earl and Countess of Tankerville have ar• rived in town from Chillingham Castle, Northumberland. The Earl of Devon has taken a house in Berke , ley-street, late the residence of the Dowager Lady Wham. cliffe. The Earl of Winehilsea has left the St. George's Hotel. The Countess of Clarendon and the Ladies Vil liers have arrived in town from The Grove, Herts. Earl Granville lett London yesterday for the Continent. Lord and Lady de Ros arc expected in town in a few days from Ireland. Lord and Lady Hunangfield h ave l e f t th e St. ll :o t e ci n L field left town yesterday for Pet. wor th ftouse, Sussex. i 3 expected in town in a ladyship has take n a r,-si n a fewl. ci t y ,vs Charles r l le l s ,ar Wellesleyquay. deuce in John-street , Berkele y -s q uare. Lady Louisa Cornwallis has arrived in Ch ar l es• street, front Linton -place, Kent. Lady Margaret Beaumont has left town for Brighton. Colonel Biddulph and Mr. and Mrs. Beauclerk have arrived at the St. George's Hotel. Mr. George Bradley and Mr. John Austin, a de putation from the principal inhabitants of the town of Castle ford, in the west riding of Yorkshire, had an interview with Viscount Palmerston yesterday, to state reasons why in the Bill for the Representation of the People the town of Castle ford should form part of the borough of Pontefract. The deputation was introduced by Mr. Milnes, M.P., and Mr. Childers, M.F, LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : BERLIN, MARCH 24. A special despatch of M. Thouvenel, addressed to the French Ambassador at the German Courts, en deavours, by the peaceful assurances it contains, to calm the apprehensions caused by the annexation of Savoy. PARIS, MARCH 24. The Constitutionnel publishes an article by M. Grandguillot on the satisfactory attitude of Europe towards France is reference to the question of Savoy. Until now two Powers only have protested, namely, Switzerland, at Paris, and England, at Turin, which gives to the act almost a friendly character. France will reply to this protest in the same manner as Austria did when France protested against the annexation of Cracow, viz., by simply acknowledging the receipt of the protest. M. Grandguillot farther. endeavours to prove that the interests of France and Piedmont are alone con cerned in the question of Savoy and Nice. NAPLES, MARCH 20. (via MARSEILLES.) The King left this morning for Gaeta. His Majesty will be followed by the equipage of the army. The army of the Abruzzi is being con centrated. It is asserted that a levy of all able bodied men, whose age does not exceed forty years, has been decided on. A further reduction of the customs tariff for 200 articles has been declared. The following telegram has been received at Mr. Reuter's office, from the Peninsular and Orient& Steam Navigation Company : Montauban and staff landed here on the 16th, under a salute, and left on the 17th for Hong Kong. MANILLA, FEB. 9. Large voluntary subscriptions have been made to aid the war against Morocco. FRANCE. BOURSE, March 23.—The market was dull at the opening, but afterwards became buoyant, with a good demand for all kinds of securities. Threes have been done at 67f 90c and (38f 10c ; Mobilier varied from 742 f 50c to 747 f 50c; Austrian, 500 f to 505 f ; Lombard, 535 f to 537 f 50c ; Lyons, 895 f to 900 f ; Orleans, 1,395 f to 1,400 f ; Northern, 932 f 50c to 935 f ; Western, 587 f 50c to 592 f 50c ; South ern, 500 f to 502 f 50c. The following are the last quotations : 4t per Cents. .... 96 35 I Credit Foncier 750 Do. end month .. Belgian 41 — -- 3 per Cents 6B 30 Piedmontese (5) .. 81 Do. end month 6B 30 Roman 80& Bank Shares. 2BOO Austrian Credit Mobilier .. 750 Spanish Threes — Do. Account ..... 750 Home Debt 43 25 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern ... 945 .. 950 New ditto B5O .. 855 Lyons and Mediterranean 905 .. 906 25 Geneva 477 50 .. 475 Southern Western 593 75 .. 595 Eastern 650 647 50 . Sardinian 4OB 75 .. 410 Austrian Lombard .. . Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 10e.; money, 25f. ne. ; three months, paper, 241.875 e. ; money, 24f 85c. SWITZERLAN D. The note of the Swiss Government on the an nexation of Savoy, addressed to the Powers who guaranteed the Treaties of 1815, was sent from Berne yesterday to London, to be communicated to the English Government. It was yesterday, also, communicated to the French Minister of Foreign Affairs. General Dufour, who has been in Paris for the last few days, had an interview yesterday with M. Thouvenel, and subsequently had an audience of the Emperor. The General has not come in any official capacity. The note, which was presented, of course, by the Swiss Minister at the French Court, is as follows : " NOTE OF THE SWISS GOVERNMENT. ,' BERNE, MARCH 19. " When at the beginning of last year the peace of Europe appeared to be seriously menaced, and hostilities were on the point of breaking out in Upper Italy, the Federal Council of Switzerland felt itself called upon to explain with entire frank ness to the high Powers the attitude which, in case of war, the Confederation proposed to take with re ference to the provinces of Savoy comprised in the Swiss neutrality—provinces on which Switzerland has important rights, founded on European treaties, and on the stipulations of the 29th March, 9th June, and 20th November, 1815. " In the answers with which they honoured the note of the Federal Council of the 14th March, 1859, the high Powers fully estimated the point of view in which Switzerland then placed herself. " After the close of the war, and the signing of the peace of Zurich, the Federal Council once more thought it its duty to call the attention of the high Powers to the relations existing between Switzer land and the neutralised provinces of Savoy. At that period there was a prospect of a meeting of a Congress, which would be charged with settling the affairs of Italy, taking for its basis the prelimi naries of Villafranca, in which the idea of an Italian Confederation was mooted. "In the note of the 18th of November, 1859, the Federal Council expressed the opi nion that if the international relations of Swit zerland were treated by the Powers, these could not refuse to admit the Confederation to take part in them. The international position of Swit zerland would evidently be affected by the for mation of an Italian Confederation, by the entry into this Confederation of Sardinia with the portions of Savoy comprised in the Swiss neutral territory. It was for these reasons that Switzer land demanded of the Powers to be admitted to the deliberations of the Congress, in so far as the Powers had for object the relations with the neutralised territory of Savoy. " It is known that the project of a Congress was not carried into execution, and that since the be ginning of the present year the idea was discussed of modifying the grouping of the States of Central Italy. " The cession of Savoy to France was an idea closely connected with that of a great Italian State formed by the annexation of the Duchies to the Kingdom of Sardinia. That idea acquired a positive importance from the speech from the throne which his Majesty the Emperor of the French delivered en the Ist of the present month, on opening the French Chambers. " It is therein declared, and in terms by no means equivocal, that in consequence of the transformation of Northern Italy, which has for result the giving to a powerful State the possession of all the pas sages of the Alps, it had been the duty of France to claim (revendiquer), with a view to the security of her frontiers, the French slopes of the mountains. The French Minister of Foreign Affairs had already expressed himself in the same sense in a note which he addressed on the 24th of February to the repre sentative of France at Turin. In this communica tion the French Government also let it be under stood that if all or part of the States of Central Italy were annexed to Sardinia, the possession of Savoy would become, for the security of the French frontiers, a geographical necessity. The Minister had the goodness to add that the interests of Switzer land, which France ever desired to take into consi deration, should be taken care of. In this situation the Federal Council could no longer maintain an indifferent and expectant attitude ; in the event of the cession of Savoy being effected, it became its duty to try to ascertain the intentions of the Powers immediately interested with reference to the neu tralised provinces. To attain that object it took the necessary steps, and, with tranquillising words, France let her know that the question of the ces sion of Savoy to France was not at that moment in question (sur le tap's), but that in such a contin gency the provinces of Chablais and Faucigny should be ceded to Switzerland. These assurances were, in the beginning of February last, repeated orally by the Charge d'Affaires of France at Berne, and by his Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Swiss Minister at Paris. At the same time a similar communication was made to the President of the Government of Geneva by the Vice-Consul of France. " It was subsequently ascertained that on the 4th of February the French Government had posi tively expressed itself in the same terms to the English Government, and a few days afterwards a declaration to the same effect was addressed to the SArdinian Government by the French Ambassador in London. " These facts were of a nature to reassure the Federal Council. It thought that in the event of the status quo not being maintained—and which maintenance it preferred to any change—the rights and interests of Switzerland would, nevertheless, be guarded, and that the result would be subse quently confirmed and guaranteed by the Powers. Nevertheless, it endeavoured to obtain assurances of a more precise nature and in writing, without, however, exhibiting any disquietude. But what was its astonishment and its painful surprise when it saw in the proclamation of the Governors of Annecy and Chambery, of the Bth and 10th of March, that the populations of Savoy were called upon to declare merely as to whether they wished to continue belonging to Sardinia or to be annexed to France, and that Ouse important documents made no mention of Switzerland nor of her rights, solemnly recognised, to the neutralised provinces of Savoy. " The Federal Council could not accept in silence such a proceeding. It would have been seriously wanting to the interests of the country which are confided to it if it had not protested in a solemn manner against this mode of acting. On the 12th of March the representatives of Switzerland at Paris and Turin were instructed to call the atten tion of France and Sardinia to the fact that if Savoy was the object of all arrangement, Switzer land could not refuse to be heard, and that the treaties recognised up to the latest date by all the Powers of Europe interested established between the Confederation and Sardinia the closest relations precisely in what concerned Savoy, which it was now proposed to cede. Switzerland believes, then, that she has the right to demand that the cession of the neutralised provinces, if indeed the status quo was not tenable, should not be effected but with her concurrence, as a principal contracting party, and could not take place without, her consent. " Switzerland consequently awaits; with refer ence to the provinces, positive declarations neces sary to tranquillise her, and to remove all disquie tude as to the maintenance of her rights. " The representatives were, besides, charged to protest against the manner of voting announced by the governors, and to demand that before voting an understanding should be come to with Switzerland, since if this desire was not satisfied, the Confedera tion would be obliged to invoke the intervention of those who had guaranteed the European Treaties. " That notification has been made, but it has not obtained, up the present date, a satisfactory answer. Although Switzerland has still every confidence in the assurances which were given to her in the beginning of February, she, nevertheless, considers in present circumstances, and seeing what is pass ing in Savoy, that it is her duty and her right to claim such a declaration as can only tranquillise her in the matter of her interests, which she has on this occasion, to defend. "The legal basis of the pretensions of Switzerland is so well known, and has been discussed in points of view so various, that the Federal Council thinks it might refer in this matter to its preceding notes, and especially to the memorandum annexed to its circular of the 18th November, 1859, a memoran dum in which the subject was explained in an ela borate and complete manner. It thinks then that it may limit itself to insisting here on some of the most important points. " In the treaty of peace which was concluded in 1564 between Berne and Savoy, under the media tion of the Confederate States, and which was guaranteed by France and Spain, will be found a provision to this effect:— "'Neither of the parties shall alienate by means •f sale, exchange, or any other manner, the towns, fortresses, countries, and populations to any other prince, seigneur, city, country, or community what ever, in order that one of the parties shall preserve the other from all foreign neighbourhood, impor tunate and onerous, and that each be, and continue to be, preserved from it.' " This stipulation of the treaty of peace of 1564 was confirmed, together with all the other treaties, by the 23d Article of the treaty of Turin, dated 16th March, 1816. " The instrument in conformity with which his Majesty the King of Sardinia consented to a cession of territory in favour of Geneva comprises the following provision, guaranteed, by the High Powers on the 29th March, 1815 : " That the provinces of Chablais and Faucigny, and the whole terrritory to the north of Ugine, belonging to his Majesty, form part of the Swiss neutrality guaranteed by all the Powers—that is to say, that every time the neighbouring Powers shall find themselves in a state of declared or imminent hostility the troops of his Majesty the King of Sar dinia which might be then in these provinces shall retire, and for that purpose pass through the Valais, if that should become necessary; that no other armed troops of any other Power can remain there, or traverse it, except those which the Swiss Con federation may think proper to place there, it being well understood that this state of things shall in no manner interfere with the administration of these provinces, in which the civil agents of his Majesty the King may likewise employ the Municipal Guard for the maintenance of order. This regula tion is formally confirmed by the 92d article of the act of the Congress of Vienna.' "In fine, the declaration despatched and signed at Paris the 20th of November, 1815, announces itself as follows : " The Powers acknowledge, and equally guaran tee the neutrality of those parts of Savoy designed by the act of the Congress of Vienna of the 20th March, 1815, and by the treaty of Paris of that day as having the right to enjoy the neutrality of Swit zerland in the same manner as if they belonged to the latter.' " The Powers who signed the declaration of the 20th of March acknowledge authentically by the present act that the neutrality and inviolability of Switzerland and its independence of all foreign in fluence are in the true interests of the policy of all Europe. " The idea which directed the high Powers in these stipulations is evidently this—the neutrality and independence of Switzerland are a condition of European security in general, and in order to protect as much as possible that neutrality and independence some parts of Savoy are corn prised in Swiss neutrality which are absolutely necessary efficaciously to defend that neutrality, and without which the object pursued in the in terest of Europe could be only incompletely attained, if at all. These motives exist in as much force at the present day. "In presence of these facts—in presence of rights solemnly guaranteed to the Confederation by Europe—Switzerland can express an opinion that her pretensions to the neutralized provinces of Savoy are not of a nature to be set at nought by a simple cession, and as little by a popular vote. " Here is the place to take into consideration both the geographical necessity and the political opportunity. If France sets out her situation with respect to a Power occupying the north of Italy in the sense that it is her duty to claim the Freneh slopes of the mountains in order to secure her fron tiers, Switzerland has a much stronger reason to form a similar claim. Switzerland being a State bounded by two great military Powers, has a much stronger reason for claiming a frontier such as will render a serious defence of the western part of her territory possible, and without which her neutrality would be strongly and daily menaced. " By their geographical position the provinces in question evidently regard Switzerland and not France. The mountains there have no slopes join ing France; on the contrary, these districts form the natural continuation of the Cantons of Vaud Valais, and Geneva ; their natural limits are on the eastern side in the mountains which separate Savoy from Switzerland, and on the southern side in the chain of the Alps which separate the southern part of Savoy from the north of that duchy. "The admission and maintenance of that man ner of seeing are likewise an international neces sity ; for if these northern provinces of Savoy ar e not connected with the fate of Switzerland, th e important passage of the Simplon, that of th e Great St. Bernard, as well as the cantons of Vaud and Geneva, are constantly menaced. " The motive for which at least a party urges the annexation of the entire of Savoy to France appears to arise from the circumstance that it is contrary to the natural feeling to parcel out a country which for a long series of y ears f orme d one entire, and possesses so rich a history. These con siderations of piety have certainly their value when it is proposed to separate Savoy from a dynasty to which it has been attached for ages, and of which it includes the cradle. But if this point of view be removed, and one becomes familiar with the idea of henceforth connecting one's fate with another Power, that objection to a partition has no longer any importance. " The territory which at present constitutes the Duchy of Savoy had, like all the States of the middle-ages, a small beginning; it was only by degrees, by conquests and by successions, that it arrived at its present state. The nucleus from which the Savoy of to-day developed itself is the pro vince which at present bears the name of Mau rienne. In the course of ages it extended itself so as to comprise the territories which now belong to the Swiss Confederation. As in the origin, the va rious districts which formed Savoy have in the course of time been affected by the principle of partition. The Canton of Vaud, the Lower Valais, and GenQva have for centuries belonged to Switzer land. Other portions.—Bugey and liresse—are in corporatva at present with France. " Thus, as has been already remarked, the geo graphical position itself of Savoy commands a par tition, inasmuch as . the southern provinces of that duchy have their natural slope towards France, and those of the north just as naturally towards Switzerland. " But there is another fact not less important than that geographical consideration. For the most important necessities of life, for the affairs of every day, for the exchange of agricultural and commercial produce—in a word, for all—the popu lation of that part of the neutralised provinces are obliged to address themselves almost exclusively to Switzerland, while for these purposes they main tain no relation with the remainder of Savoy. The fact that already more than 11,000 citizens have spontaneously manifested their wish to be united to Switzerland in case they are to be separated from the kingdom of Sardinia fully proves that this population knows how to appreciate the con siderations which have been set forth—that they comprehend how serious is their position—and that they await the future with anxiety. " An idea has likewise been started that the neu tralised provinces might remain in the status quo in case that even the entire of Savoy should be ceded to France. " The Federal Council has certainly no occasion to discuss this hypothesis, and to demonstrate its impossibility. A state of things which might have its reasons with regard to a Power of the second order would be completely irrational with respect to one of the great military Powers of Europe, and would be equally contrary to the dignity of the two States. Suppose that Savoy is united to France, either that Power would refuse to acknowledge the status quo or else the actual state of things would have only a nominal importance without any real value for Switzerland. The stipulation of the eventual re treat of the French troops, which would at the mo ment, occupy the neutralised provinces by the can ton of the Valais and by the Simplon might even be termed nonsense. " After having explained these various points of view, Switzerland claims the intervention of the high Powers in so important an affair and so seri ous for her future. She takes this step with all the confidence which she owes to the guarantees of order between nations and to the treaties on which European international law reposes. " She may expect with confidence the main tenance of the rights which treaties secure t o h er —she may expect that if really a chan ge i n th e existing position of affairs is to take place, and if Savoy is to be ceded, the possibility will be given her by the adjunction of the neutralised pro vinces to defend, with a chance of success, her neu trality and her independence. " She may so much the less be deceived in that expectation, as the question does not regard private advantages, but interests which the great Powers themselves have admitted to have general impor tance for all Europe, and that France has confirmed towards her these last few days her good disposi tion to regulate this affair iu a sense to preserve her rights and interests. " The Swiss Federal Council trusts that its de mand will be taken into a just and impartial consi deration, and that no final decision will be adopted without her co-operation. " It, moreover, takes this opportunity, &c. " In the name of the Swiss Federal Council, (Signed) " F. FREY HERGSEE, " Chancellor of the Confederation. • SCHIESS, " Chancellor of the Confederation." CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. The Valetta, with the above mails, arrived at Marseilles, at 6 a.m., this day. Mails leave for London at 10 a.m. The letters will be delivered on Monday morning PARIS, MARCH 23. The Paris papers publish the following, dated Antibes, the 23d : " A French frigate has arrived off Nice. Several regiments are expected on Monday. The inhabi tants of Nice are signing a petition against the. pretended representatives of the municipality." ROME, MARCH 20. Yesterday morning a party of students of the University intoned a Te Dew?: in their church in honour of the birthday of General Garibaldi and of the annexation of Central Italy to Pied mont. In the evening an enormous crowd assem bled in the Corso, consisting partly of political agitators and partly of persons usually promenad ing there on Sundays. The gendarmes arrested several. The crowd hissed, and then insulted the police. The gendarmes unsheathed their weapons, and dispersed the crowd. It is said that forty persons, among them several spectators and three French soldiers, were wounded. The crowd shouted " Garibaldi for ever !" Mounted Pontifical gendarmes succeeded at last in dispersing them. The city was traversed by French patrols. It is asserted that four merchants, two of whom are Signori Silvestrelli and Titon, have been banished. PARIS, MARCH 23. The Patris says :—" We believe that the alarm ing news given out in reference to the intentions of Switzerland has no foundation." The statement that General Dufour has arrived in Paris on a special mission has been confirmed. TOULON, MARCH 23. The French squadron now revictualling at this port has received orders to be ready to sail to- morrow. MUNICH, MARCH 23. Besides a protest, destined to be addressed to the Powers of Europe, showing why the annexation of Tuscany to Piedmont is a flagrant ♦iolation of the treaties guaranteed by Europe, the Grand Duke Ferdinand IV. is preparing a manifesto to be ad dressed to the people of Tuscany. This manifesto will appear very shortly. ZURICH, MARCH 23. The Duchess Regent of Parma, who resides in this city, has addressed herself to the Queen of Spain, in her quality of chief of the Spanish Bourbons, requesting her Majesty to support before the Great Powers her protest against the annex ation . of the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza to Piedmont. BERNE, MARCH 23. The Federal Assembly, composed of the National Council and the Council of the States, has been con voked for Tuesday next. It will meet at Berne. VIENNA, FRIDAY. The new Austrian loan amounts to 200 millions of florins, the current interest of which is fixed at 5 per cent. The bonds are 500 florins each, and are to be repaid within 57 years by lottery draw ings, to take place every six months. The highest prize in the lottery will be 300,000 florins, the lowest 600 florins. The emission price of the loan will be 100 florins. The bonds of the national loan will be accepted by the Government at par, as pay ment of one-fifth of the amount subscribed. Payment is to be made in 10 instalments, the last of which is fixed for the 10th of October, 1861. The subscription lists are to be kept open until the ith of April next. The official publication of the loan will probably take place to-morrow. INDIA. CALCUTTA, MARCH 1. The Bank of Bengal has raised its rates of dis count 1 per cent. all round. Indigo five rupees higher, and still rising. he season is over. 40's, water twist, sr. la. to sr. 6a. Government Securities—Five•and-a-Half per Cents., pm. ; Fives, 95; Fours, 82. Exchange on London, 2s. I,W. CHINA. CANTON, FEB. 14. Tea is very active at present rates. 16 21, water twist, 27 dols, 75c. tJ 30 dols. 50e. Exchange on London, 4s 90 to 4s 93 . d. A collision, ending fatally, has taken place at Swatow, between the Anglo-Chinese Custom ser vice and a British vessel. SRANCHAI, FEB. G. The China rebellion is reported to be gaining strength in the north. 'l'rade has been active since the termination of the holidays. Grey shirtings, G cattier, 2 dols. to 2 dols. 25c. Silk, No. 3 Tsatlee, 410 dols. to 425 dols. The settlements in the first fortnight reach 2,000 bales. Exchange on London, Gs. 4d. SINGAPORE, FEE. 22. The telegraphic communication between this place and Batavia has been re-established. General HUNGARY. The following is from a letter dated Pesth, March 15 :—" I write in the midst of great emotion to tell you what has just taken place in this city. The revolution which is manifestly impending in this unhappy land may be said to have commenced, for a demonstration has been made, and blood has been shed. It was on the 15th March, 1848, that the last Hungarian revolution took place, and the young men of the University determined to take advantage of the anniversary of that great day to make a national demonstration. In this they acted entirely of their own notion, without the encouragement and even without consulting the leaders of the national move ment. But their intention was that the demonstra tion should be entirely of a pacific character—that, in fact, it should be nothing more than the singing in Catholic churches of a few requiems in honour of the martyrs of Arad and Pesth, and of the slain in the battle-field. The police, however, were stricken with terror, for they know that the country is like a cask of gunpowder which a spark can cause to explode. Accordingly, yesterday they began making formidable preparations, and Prottman, the Austrian Police-Direct3r, having a tender regard for his own safety, took the precaution of having his house strongly defended. This morning, at eight o'clock, groups of students, consisting of Walla chians, Germans, and Slovacks, as well as Magyars, assembled and went to one Catholic church after another to sing the requiem, but at each they were refused admission by the police. At ten o'clock about 200 of them met and held council together. The result was that they resolved to go in a body to the nearest church, and on the way they were joined by great numbers of the towns people. It may be stated that, in accordance with the solemnity of the occasion, most of the students wore the black attila, and had crape on their hats. At the first church they reached they found a strong body of police, who cried, Be off with you ; there is no room for you here !' One of the leaders of the students then said, My friends, let us go away without having any discussion with these people !' The young men and the townspeople then went quietly to three other churches, but were refused admission to them ; they next marched to the cathedral but were not allowed to enter that either. My friends!' cried the leader, Let us go to the Cemetery ; there at least we shall be free to pray for the dead !' They then set out for the Ferenchaz (Francis Cemetery), and as they walk e d a l ong t h e process i on was continually augmented by accessions of towns people ; but nothing could be more orderly than the bearing of the whole ; and the students took special care to impress on the people to have no recourse to violence, whatever might happen. Meantime, however, the troops of the garrison were under arms in the barracks, hurrying to and fro to occupy different posts. On reaching the cemetery the procession found, not' without surprise, that it was occupied by strong detachments of soldiers and police. A military officer cried Go away at once, or we will use our arms against you.' ' No,' said a student, ' you will not do that, because you know that it would be wrong to attack unarmed men who are perfectly quiet.' The only answer was the arrest of a num ber of students. The other students made a rush to release them, but the prisoners cried, 'De not interfere. Leave us. Go to another cemetery.' Thereupon the word was given to go to Kerepes- Sirhaz (a cemetery), and the procession marched there in the most orderly manner. On entering the students and townspeople found themselves in pre sence of a strong force of gendarmerie and other troops; and these soldiers, without saying a word, charged the mass with the bayonet. Several students were wounded, and many more arrested. The stu dents, exasperated, made a rush at the gendarmerie, and the latter fired a volley. Either, however, from accident or design, they raised their muskets rather high, so that the bullets passed over the heads of the crowd. Still one man, whose name I have not learnt, was wounded. The people com posing the procession then retired, and 1 am assured that the gendarmerie again fired at them as their backs were turned. The whole popu lation, on hearing of thi s aff a i r , manifested greatindignati on against the Austrian autho rities ; but, fortunately, they abstained from violence. In the evening, however, a large crowd assembled in the Kerepes-Ut, in the vicinity of th e National Theatre; and when some families of Aus trian functionaries presented themselves to go to the theatre the crowd cried, What ! you think of aninsel ment on a day on which the blood of patriots has been shed ! Shame on you ! Go home !' And home th! Austrians went ; but before long two companie s of gendarmerie were m ar ch e d t o th e theatre, an d they proceeded, not without a great deal of bru tality, tality, to disperse the crowd. Up to this mome n t I have not heard of any further conflict between the population and the troops ; but the people are 17. are w b sucha state e apprehended profound to m agitation or r ow. , that collision at ONE] Some i u of Englani There has bulli on at - -- arrival s 0 States ha , for expoi drawah Public d, th e Year, ftee ettut,h , ,L on eterli r th e Print' to th e inc. cr ease of 1 ac tive eire Other it em they prese Activ e De Bullion Red kg In( Public In( Other ] De Seven De Govern Other F. In( Notes 1 ketive, ani are 794 tc r emains a' Cents, to butch 24 are steady t °4 prem The Oc t ° 3 1 prep Buenos Prem. Busines fictive, ani Caledonia. 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