The Sun. — London, England, 1860-09-10 00:00:00

THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Baokstone. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. Charles Mathews, Buckstone, Comton, Chippendale, Rogers, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Miss teekes, and Mrs. Wilkins. After which, PAUL PRY. Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews. Commence at 7.1 A DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. THIS EVENING, a new drama, M by Dion Bourcicault, en titled THE COLLEEN BAWN. essrs D. Bourcicault, D. Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer. Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. After which. SHE. WOULD BE AN ACTRESS. Agnes Robertson, Mr. W Smith, and Mr. P. Bedford. To conclude with MUSIC HATH CHARMS. Mr. David Fisher. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5. No charge for booking. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, SI. Orchestra Stalls, is. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, 25.; Pit Stalls, 2a.; Pit, ls. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. Miss STI FY'S ROYAL AMPHIT HEATR E._ J Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Wm. BATTY. Crowded Houses.—Second Week of the celebrated Dela vanti Troupe, Mr. George Hutchingson, and the Wonder of the World, the Great Little Menoni. A Grand MID-DAY PERFORMANCE will take place on S VrirRDAY next, Sept 15. commencing at Two o'clock. Evening. Lord Rvron's splendid Hippo-drama of MAZEPPA AND THE WILD HORSE, with entirely new and beautiful scenery, costly costumes, and appointments , introducing the largest stud of highly-trained Horses, Po nies Buffaloes, and Camels in the World. To be followed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders of the day, including the greatest Equestrienne in the world, 3Ta dile. de 'Berg, and the Wonder of Wonders, Little Menoni, ' o rs open at half-past 6, performance commence at T. M Box-office open daily from 11 till 4. Stage Manager—Mr. W. Wrier. Director of the Arena--M. Felix Revolt'. CONCERTS,- . C A NT' ERBURv SALT , EVERY EV-ENING, A Grand Selection from MARTHA. And Selections from TROVATORE, MACBETH, And numerous other Entertainments. Balcony, is ..Hall, M. con . do vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian "ma Mimic), and C. Marshall. The ETHIOPIANS, consisting of 17 performers (organised expressly for this Establishment), for the performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with Sear° delineations, anecdotes, &c., in addition to the usual e ntertainments. The Fine Arts Gallery is open from 6 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THF. WEATHER..—SeaI OFFICE, SEPT. 9, 1860. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHAD'S. 68—this day at noen. 50—lowest this morning and during the night. 56—highest since noon yesterday. B A nomETER-30.19 ; rising again. WlND—North -Easterly ; moderate, with dull cloudy weather and cold. It rained a little in the night, and heavily in the country. Afternoon, dull and cold. The wind changed to S.E. SEPT. 10. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 60—this day at noon. 42—lowest this morning and daring the night. 57—highest since noon yesterday. BAROMETER-30.12; falling again. WlND—North-Westerly; fresh, with fine weather, but cool. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, Bh. Bm.—Afternoon, Bh. .57m. To-moßßow.-Moming, 9h. 44m.—Afternoon, 10h. 30m. 4 2 ,4 ) r t ;_+ • 4_ , TT ~ ,St, •11 0 •T ` c• hno ur _ THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, SEPT. 10, 1860. GARIBALDI! GARIBALDI !! GARIBALDI FOR EVER !! ! The deed is done and Naples is free. Blessings be on GARIBALDI ! He dial not bounce about free ing Italy from the Alps to the Adriatic, but he has stamped the " Idea" of his soul's ambition on the heart of his country. He promised little—hut has performed much. What appeared madness to others WIESS to him ',the promptings of inspiration —he laboured as in a vision and followed the di recting hand of Providence ihr the liberation of his country from a thraldom as unparalleled as it seemed hopeless, and he has achieved it! Honour —all honour be to him ! As we anticipatad on Friday the news is con firmed to-day. On Saturday GARIBALDI walked or rode into Naples simply with his Staff. He had no soldiers with him. His conquest was not or. the sword but of the spirit ! The path was strewed with the flowers of peaceful victory and the grate ful tears of a delighted people who could not restrain their joy in the excess of their wondering bewilder ment of intoxicating rapture and doubt. The scene was too good to be true—they could hardly believe in such unexpected emancipation. The hand of the LORD truly seems to have done the good deed, and none so fitting as GARIBALDI in workinp, out the miracle. And now comes the critical point of the drama. The Bourbon King has flat° Gaeta, on his way to Spain or Austria. Indeed he wanted to hand over his fleet to Austria, but the men would not budge— not they ! They rebelled, it is true, but when the worst comes to the worst, delicacy as well as loyalty lose their virtue. There is seldom any loyalty for a fallen despot although NERO had flowers planted on his grave. The marvel is how this coward-Ring hoped to hold on in the midst of such unequivocal demonstrations of distrust—disloyalty and even dismay at his own irresolute conduct. Some say— the POPE has done it all—but the PoPE has quite enough on his own hands without caring for worth less sinners. That FRANCIS 11 . has been a bigot is unquestionable —he way 'worse he was cruel—rapacious and unforgivingly unmerciful to ext"..emity and what is h e = now an nteast—a Right Royal outcast 'We learn by Mr.REUTER ) B telegrams that France is becoming uneasy at the position of the P OPE , and warns Sardinia against any interference with the States of the Church. Prance cannot expect that the States bf the Church will remain quiet - when their neighbouring houses are on fire. It is against human nature and contrary to all common sense. The temporal dominion of the POPE must be done away—modified it cannot well be. In the end, it will conduce infinitely more to the sacredness of his spiritual power, and prove 11 blessing to his flocks. Discordant element cannot harmonise with any benefit to either. France will, therefore, do well to let matters lake their course. When NAPOLEON, then at tho 1,,, a d of the Preach RepubliC, put down the Roman itt‘public in order to buy over the Priestly party 'to his side, he sold liberty for a purpose; and now, having gained his p urpose, he throws them aside, in fact, though not in manner.. Even he will find that the end of things is not yet; though his tenure of power be only in his in;ght, he will rue his per fidy and curse his evil stars, If thi;iS be perfidY en tattli) Hypocrisy abhorred — It is when Freedom shames her birth By ruling with the Sword beer, Anti Lot is NAPOLEON has. done all that and m uc h — very much ; * more. ?alit his daylof reckoning . 1 at hand., The nations around look on him ith "ill people begin to question the 01. . Strong tri outward appearance, but weak at tf, he will yet find that honesty would have _:s best policy, as it the only policy of up right and good mon. For the sake of many readers who like to ex amine for thernsQlves, we gave a lengthy document on Friday, from the .port of the Commissioners IN% and more numerous readers who would like to know a little about it, without reading it, we offer a few remarks on its principal items. First in order stands the Excise. And far above all other duties, in its profitableness to the national exchequer, stands the duty on spirits. Were the nation to adopt a Maine Liquor Law, not less than £10,000,000 would be sacrificed under this head alone. But to this would have to be added £6,850,000 for malt also ; for though what pays duty is used for making beer and porter, yet these are, as the neighbours to every beer-shop know too well, intoxicating beverages. We are certainly far . enough removed from the possibility of such a law, but it is a curious subject for speculation, how we could supply such a gap in the Budget if it were but to be made. It seems, however, to be a steadily increasing tax ; and all that the Maine-force men can do is to push up the duties to the utmost height which will not defeat both their own objects and those of our Chancellors of the Exchequer, by encouraging smuggling. One sin gular fact is mentioned in the Report, though it does not seem to have struck the Commissioners in that light. The Excise has been needlessly, vexa- tiously, and expensively stringent in its regulations for the distillers. The treaty with France provides an extra duty of 2d. only per gallon, as compensa- tion for the peculiar obstructions to which our dis- tillers are subjected by the Excise. The distillers, however, convinced the authorities that the disad vantage under which they were placed, compared with foreigners, was not less in money than nine pence halfpenny per gallon. As the treaty surtax could not be raised, the Excise equalised things by renzoving a considerable number of restrictions, and making more equitable allowances for waste. It is not easy, therefore, to doubt that the abolished restrictions amounted to a heavy charge on the customer, with no corresponding advantage to the revenue. The treaty has rendered us, doubtless, this little service, such as it is. We could only wish it had been in some article of less questionable utility. It is gratifying to notice that smuggling is on the decrease, and that the export trade in spirits is very largely increased. The Malt Duty is also in a prosperous state, since allowing for the anticipation of duty there is still a very considerable increase in the amount. The manufacture itself was also larger than that of 1859 by 1,760,399 bushels. It appears that on account of the higher duties on spirits in Scotland a considerably larger quantity of beer was con sumed there ; and that the free admission of foreign barley, with an improvement (certainly much needed) in its quality, has enabled the maltsters to meet the increased demand. It is also in contem plation to make the trade in malt free by removing the prohibition on the importation of foreign malt, and also the disadvantages, which are very serious, under which exporters of English-made malt now lie. In regard to beer, also, it is grati fying to observe a considerable increase of expor tation—almost five-and-twenty per cent.—on that of 1859. The Report, which reckons its year up to the 31st of March, speaks of five years in succession most prosperous for the pro duction of hops. Though twelve thousand acres have been withdrawn from cultivation, the average annual produce has amounted to 61,000,0001b5. ; while, for the 10 years ending in 1854, it was not quite 36,000,0001b5. per annum, the diminished acreage yielding almost a double return. Hop-growers, however, tell us that as the duty re mains the same, and interferes with the sale largely, they are frequently worse off with a large crop than with a small one. And, that hence has arisen, in part, the agitation for the repeal of the ,cluty. The crop will, we presume, this year, be small enough. The last year's duty was not much under half a million. The next subject on which the Commissioners comment is that of Stamps—a class of duties which now follow us into every transaction of life. No where can you escape stamps. The fury of the waves, and the fierceness of fire, and the event which creates widows and orphans, instead of moving our Chancellors of the Exchequer to pity for your dangers or calamities, only move them to demand a stamp-tax on your providence in insuring. You ought, then, to hazard your propeety, to gamble with it—Oh dear, no ! the " stamps" fix their mark on your cards and dice, as well as on insurance policies. You marry, down come the " stamps" upon your license or certificate. You think better or worse of it, and get a divorce but already the " stamps" have clutched some, £5,000 from the Divorce Court itself ! You are sick, but the " stamps" have been before you to the doctor, and branded your patent medicine. You are, it may be, so full of health and vigour that you must foot it over the moors or the fields with your pointers and gun—again the " stamps" have you with their lidense. In two cases, those of letters and newspapers, we acknowledge -that the stamps represent some service done; done, how ever, so dearly to what a trading company could do it, that " stamps" assert their right to a full half of what you pay. And then do what you will affecting property, draw up " deeds or other in struments" —meddle with " Law, Equity, or the Exchequ er ," go even to the " Admiralty," and " stamps" still keep their mark upon You. Draw up the most common agreement, write a letter to your banker for. money, or to pay money fer you, 'draw a cheque even to yourself, issue notes as a bsnker, receive m oney from your neighbour, get his promise to pay —in fact , make money, or take money, and in many cases pay mo ne y, an d the omnipresent , c stamps" are down upon you. They follow you now to the re g istr y office, fixing them selves on copies of the registration of bi r th s an d deaths, of marriages and baptisms alike. And not only that, but they go with 3ou to your warehouse, and not a sale, transfer, or delivery of your own goods can you effect there, but the " stamps" will have their share. They haunt your whole life like evil genii. You are stamped in your business and in your pleasure; in your precaution ant your recklessness; you live a stamped life and you die a stamped death; for the P __guy ant probate dutie3 stamps of her MAJESTY'S I wind up the results of your mortality. Lucky for us if we are not stamped out of all patience, and almost out of existence at last. We may expect now that every year the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in his anti-budget consultations with " the departments," will put as one of his first questions—" And what new stamps, gentlemen ?" And, as the great King offered a prize for the I ie eention of a new pleasure, so the prizes will be at the Exchequer for the invention of a new stamp Promotion in the civil service by merit will become, almost identical with promotion for discovering something fresh to stamp. The point of merit will be, that the stamp shall be too small to create a 'hubbub, too difficult of evasion to fail in applica tion, and associated as much as may be with what people must do or very much like to do. r Mre may presume that none of our English Chancellors will aspire to imitate VESPASIAN, but they seem to be on the high road to temptation. We beg to suggest Ia stamp—one on long epeeches in the House of Commons. It should be on a rapidly ascending ; i scale—after, say, the first half hour. Mr. GLAD _ lume.had somethin g handsome from it ►.T THE SUN, 7LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, 1860, this session. Enough, however, for the present ; we must soon have a glance at the Legacy Duties and Income Tax. Everyone who has read the wonderful history of the Splendour and Downfall of Omar Birotteau, by HENRI DE BALZAC, will remember vividly the manner of his reception by those great moneyed -people, bankers, Ministers of State, usurious mil Lionaires, and others, when poor CAESAR, the deco- rated Perfumer, is in quest of a few hundred thou sand francs to stave off impending bankruptcy How he is snubbed, cajolled, insulted—how he is everywhere unsuccessful in his applications for _ . assistance—how he walks down the staircases of the rich man's house with a purse as light but a heart far heavier than he had walked up them with—how ruin closes round him as inexorably as closed round another the metal walls of that dreadful prison-house called The Iron Shroud, described years and years ago in Maya with so powerful a hand by WILLIAM MLTDFORD, and since then (indeed but very recently) reprinted in the first volume of that beautiful little series popularly known as " Tales from Blackwood." How all ;hese painful incidents in the career of C2ESAR BIROTTEAU are depicted with a pen of gold upon tablets of ivory by the magic genius of DE BALZAC, the readers of DE BALZIC will very dis tinctly bear in their recollection. And so, bearing .hose incidents in their mind, will they not sub scribe to the wisdom of that sentence discoverable in a far different work, that sentence which says, " It is well known that the large fast man is en couraged even without capital [i.e., under our pre sent monetary system, under the unnatural mone tary system dating back to A.D. 1844, the year of the ever•memorable and lamentable Bank Charter Enactment]; while the small, hardworking, plod ding man, requiring the slightest assistance never gets it." This passage—the wisdom of which is born from the experience of countless individuals— is discoverable, we have said, elsewhere than in any of the witty and sparkling books of DE BALZAC— it is excerpted from a volume much less pretentious in its character, yet, be it said, a ♦olume very re markable and noteworthy nevertheless. The sen tence above quoted in effect is taken from p. 403 of Mr. JOHN GROSSMITH'S " Government upon First Principles"—a comprehensive political treatise of which we have already spoken in these columns in terms of well-merited commendation. The fragmentary passage but just now transcribed from the page which has been subsequently parti cularised, occurs incidentally in the course of one of not the least curious chapters in the volume, viz., chap. cxxiv., a chapter headed simply " The Policy of the Whigs considered with regard to the Currency." It constitutes altogether one of the most admirably epitomised yet all-sufficient exposures of the ill results accruing to the nation at large from that disastrous policy, in its application to the deli cate and complex question of the currency that we can at this moment contrive to recall to our remem brance. Whoever may still remain, from some mysterious and altogether inscrutable reasons, in fatuated with a credence in that marvellous and entirely irrational Bank Charter Act, that has now for 16 years consecutively been crippling our commerce and currency, and half strangling our monetary circulation ; whoever may still cherish a belief in this astounding delusion, we would ear nestly recommend to glance through the seven pages of that one hundred-and-twenty-fourth chapter of Mr. GROSSIMITH'S thoughtful treatise upon " Go vernment on First Principles." It demonstrates, as clearly as conclusively, the fatuity of the Whig policy applied to the currency the insanity, we might almost call it, of the Bank Charter Act of 1844 ; the miserable selfishness of the arguments advanced in favour of that melan choly enactment by such moneymonopolists asJoNEs - LLOYD, Lord OVERSTONE. Quoth Mr. GROSSMITII (p. 402), as we have for years past in these columns been insisting interjectionally, in spite of ourselves, in defiance of all our " liberal" predilections—" I can no longer distinguish between Toryism and Whiggism, except that of the two I believe we may expect more from the former than the latter." He reminds his reader of the vigorous and earnest effort made by Lord DERBY, while in office, " to grapple with the difficulty of the day ;" of his penetrant allusion to the distress of the operatives ; of his noble recognition of their civism and discretion when ex claiming, " All honour to the good sense and loyalty of the operatives !" Besides, argues Mr. GROSSMITII in continuation—lie (lArd DERBY) was the one to put before the country at large those timely and startling statistics which demonstrating, among other things, that " while our exports had been £308,000,000, the imports had been £468,000,000, leaving a balance of £160,000,000 of imports over exports." Whereupon, asked Lord DERBY significantly, " How had those imports been paid for ?" Answering his own inquiry, of course, as it alone admitted of being answered, namely , thus—" The country had had to export £84,000,000 in bullion in consequence of the disparity between its imports and exports." In point of fact, the system of the currency in this country as it now stands is, to all intents and purposes, the fabrication of an artificial ANEURISM in England's monetary circu lation. Arguing in favour of a measure " that shall legalise a domestic issue, that from its very nature of fixity can only be applicable to home purposes," Mr. GROSSMITH says (and with reason), " Let any statesman who might fancy any danger that could arise out of this issue on tax convertibility put down in figures the amount of the wealth of Great Britain; he will then see how small a proportion £20,000,000 [the amount proposed] is to that MIGHTY sum, which would render Exchequer notes safer than gold, backed as it must be by the whole nation's worth !" If only we had a Financier who would try it !—instead of an idly experimental Chancellor of the Exchequer content to blow bubble Treaties and " fly"' Paper in a manner so lament ably and ludicrously different. It is now some years when the telegraphic sys tem was proposed to be extended to India, that we advocated the route by the Euphrates as being the most direct as well as the shortest by a thousand miles ! But the pedantry of some and the self-in terest of others preferred the Red Sea route. Well, we even concurred in that so that we might have a telegraphic communication with India. And we went farther —we said two lines are better than one—let us have both. But no ! The dog in the manger would have it all his own way—and so the Red Sealrcute was adopted—yes—and has failed !. and now we have no line at all! People in office may call this business, hut we and the public call it by its right term JoBBING, jobbing at the expense of the "nation, and the sad irre deemable lose of human life. Why, had the Euphrates line been' adopted the woeful re bellion in India might have been averted, and tens of thousands of lives been now in being and oceans of money saved. As it is, red-tapism has triumphed, and plunged India into an un fathomable gulf of debt, and the Red Sea line overwhelmed in everlasting captivity like PHARAOH'S host ! Really, it is a melancholy pie , tune to muse on, but painful to reflect on. And why, in a commercial country like this, should these misdoings be permitted ? Are we not a prac tical people—and yet we are done—done with our eyes open. The Government, or that portion of it to which the business of these commercial gua rantees appertains, seems to decide by the rule of contrary—they cannot, or will not, see things in the obvious common sense view of trade, policy, and commercial advantage. We will not impute dis 'aonest motives, but their conduct, judging by the result, is anything but loyal or patriotic. In another column will be found an article which we have copied from the Mechanic's Magazine, an excellent journal devoted to the march of improve ment in its most liberal acceptation, on the route by the Euphrates. It points out the many mani fest advantages likely—nay, sure to accrue from the adoption of that route. In short, by a steady and conciliatory policy with the Arabs, we might secure a well organised police all along the line, by giving the natives an interest in its prosperity, and bring India within a very few days' range of home. If knowledge be power, the sooner that know ledge is obtained the more powerful we will become. Surely, then, it is the bounden duty of Govern ment to lend a helping hand to men who have devoted so much time, labour, and skill like Mr. ANDREWS to the development of a line which promises so much for the welfare not only of India generally, but of England as well. Let Lord PALMERSTON look to it, and that promptly. SADLER'S WELLS THEATRE. For about two hours previous to the time an. nounced for the opening of the doors of this theatre on Saturday evening an immense crowd collected outside the principal entrances, each being anxious to obtain admission to welcome their favourite actor on the first night of his winter season. The fact that Mr. Phelps had, since the close of last season, become sole lessee seemed to increase desire, and at half-past six o'clock more than sufficient had assembled outside to fill the house in every corner. The rush on the opening of the doors was tremendous, and in a very few minutes every inch of ground was occupied. Dur ing the recess the interior of the theatre has been very handsomely re-decorated, and the appearance of the house with its crowded and good tempered audience was exceedingly interesting. The play chosen for the opening night was Shak speare's "As you like it." Great curiosity was evinced as to the ability of the new names that ap peared amongst the company. On Mr. Phelps, who sustained the part of Jacques, being recog nised, a tremendous cheer arose, and for some moments the action of the play was interrupted, but on silence being restored it proceeded, and through out the whole of the piece he delighted the audience with his masterly conception of his part. Amongst the new candidates for the "sweet voices" of the habitues of this Shakspearian Temple was Mr. Hermann Vezin, an American actor, who first ap peared in London a short time ago at the Surrey Theatre, where he, during a brief but bril liant season, was recognised as one of the most promising actors that had ever crossed the Atlantic. The part awarded him on Saturday night was Orlando, and we fearlessly say, that an equally delightful or finished performance has not been witnessed for years. The audience were in ecstacies with him, and more enthusiastic or well deserved applause could not have been bestowed upon him had he been their leading favourite. As a special mark of favour he was honoured with a call at the termination of the third act—qt circumstance by no means common with the critical audience of Sadler's Wells. That Mr. Vezin is an actor of great and eminent ability cannot be denied, and we cordially congratulate the talented lessee on the great acquisition he has made to his unusually good com pany. Mrs. Charles Young gave us a delightful impersonation of Rosalind, and Miss Josephs, an other new aspirant for metropolitan honours, as Celia, showed that she possesses much and varied talent. The old favourites were all heartily wel. corned, and altogether Mr. Phelps's managerial reign was inaugurated under the most promising and favourable auspices. LATEL N E The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, MONDAY. The Moniteur, in a telegram, from Marseilles, states that brilliant fetes have taken place there in honour of their Majesties. The Constitutionnel in an article signed by Grandguillot, speaking of the intention of Sardinia to intervene in the States of the Church, says : " We should grieve to see Piedmont accomplish an aggression which would incontestably separate ber from the Imperial policy. " France being the Protector of the Pope at Rome, cannot but disapprove that any armed as sist:lnce should be given to the insurrection in the provinces. " We hope Piedmont will not renounce the prin ciples of respect due to international right, which alone can preserve our alliance with her. " We also trust the King will avoid a political fault which would be a misfortune for Italy." NAPLES, SEPT. 9. Garibaldi has entered Naples alone. Great en thusiasm prevails. He has disavowed a national committee illegally constituted, and has ordered the Prefect of Police to punish its members. Garibaldi has consigned the fleet and the arsenal of Naples to the charge of Admiral Persano, and proclaimed Victor Emmanuel as King of Italy. The Dictator has confirmed Romano as Minister of the Interior, and appointed Arditi Director of Police, General Cosenz Minister of War, and Pianelli Minister of Justice. The capitulation of the forts is expected to take place to-morrow. NAPLES, SEPT. 7. The chiefs of the National Guard have gone to arrange with Garibaldi the programme of his entry into Naples. BOLOGNA, SEPT. 10. Other towns in the Romagna have revolted to the cry of " Victor Emmanuel for ever !" The telegraph wires and bridges have been de stroyed in the province of Umbria. Urbino is free. TURIN, SEPT. 9. The insurrectionary movement in the Marches and in Umbria is extending. The provisional Go vernments which have been established have sent deputations to the King of Sardinia. They are era route for Turin. The report that Sardinian troops have already passed the Roman frontier is unfounded. A reply to the ultimatum sent to Cardinal Antonelli is awaited. FLORENCE, SEPT. 9. According to advices from Perugia, General Lamoriciere has threatened to set fire to every town which should rise in insurrection. Many one expects that it will be negative. In such case Piedmont will occupy the Marches and Umbria. The condition of those provinces becomes daily more serious. The Opinione, which receives official information, announces in semi-official terms the project of intervention in the Roman States. Two corps d'arnzee are ready to act; the one is com manded by M. Cialdini, the other by General Sonnaz. These two corps will act independently of each other. General Fanti r-mains Minister of War, retaining his rank as Major-General. In case of operations he will join the army. As regards the departure of the King for the army, the an nouncement is premature, but some of his luggage has already left. " M. Farini returned here this morning from his visit to Florence and Bologna. " It is clear a crisis is at hand. The maintenance of the temporal power of the Pope in the sole city of Rome, and the suppression of the private army of the Pope, are facts of no inconsiderable import ance. On the other hand, the annexation of the Marches and Umbria is indispensable for Naples and Piedmont to form one United kingdom. It is equally certain that by occupying these provinces with its regular army the Government wishes, so to say, ipso facto to put an end to the mission of Gari baldi, unless he should wage war against the French at Rome and the Austrians in Venetia. Political reasons are, therefore, not wanting to explain, if not to warrant, the occupation of the Marches and Umbria. " Men here do not dissimulate that the end of all this will be a war with Austria, despite the assur ances relative to non-intervention. The Govern ment has received information that the Austrians have been concentrating large forces at Borgo- Forte, from which point she can threaten the Romagna and Modena. " Here military preparations are being carried on with the greatest activity." AMERICA. QUEENSTOWN, MONDAY. The Cunard steamer Etna, Captain Anderson which left New York, on the 30th ult., has ar. rived. She passed the steamers City of Manchester, Kangaroo, and Prince Albert, all bound west. Exchange on London at New York was quoted 109; 110. Money had advanced. Stocks were rather lower. MONTREAL, AUG. 30, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales reviewed yesterday the troops of the garrison and the volun teers. LITERATURE. Elkerton Rectory : being Part econd of Twenty 1 ears in the hurch. By the Rev. Jas. Pycroft, 8.A., Trinity College, Oxford, author of " Recol lections of College Days." Booth. Many readers will have a lively recollection of " Twenty Years in the Church," a book which excited a considerable degree of attention last sea son. The present volume is another step in the same direction, and it carries out the object desired in a very effectual manner. No one can accuse the writer of being at all bigoted in his views, or bitter in his expressions regarding religious subjects. It will be seen that he enters into the difficulties that beset the path of many a clergyman in a way that proves he is well and intimately acquainted with what he speaks of. It is at first a very arduous undertaking for. Henry Austin to become fixed in his new rectory, for his health had been so much injured by his previous over-exertion and great privations that he had almost lost his voice, and it was some time before he could sufficiently exert himself to read the service through. This delay gave rise to many ungracious remarks and rude reflections on the part of those who were jealous of his having been appointed to the living. After he had surmounted the first difficulties many more of various kinds arose, and, quiet as the stranger might suppose the rectory to be, far removed from the strife of cities, it will soon appear manifest on perusing these details that " envy, hatred, malice, and all uncharitableness" flourish alike in seques tered shades as in busy towns, and wherever man exists his worst passions will be aroused and his greatest enmity put in practice for the purpose of gain. Those who liked the first part of these sketches will not be disappointed with their suc cessor, and the favourable reception already accorded to this work proves that the hopes of the author have not been frustrated, and that in appealing to common sense and justice he has found hearers to listen to his arguments. In inculcating the spirit of charity he has pointed out the highest duty of a Christian life. Too many zealous advocates and excited partisans will do anything to put down their opponents, and rejoice to see them covered with confusion, but none of them will endeavour to Booth the suffering sinner. They can speak for ever on the terrors of the judgment, but can find no words to tell of the glories of mercy. It will be found that a very fair and consistent course is taken in the arrangement of this book, which re flects great credit on its author, as nothing is more difficult than to write a religious work in a becom ing spirit and appropriate manner. families are escaping. TERNI, SEPT. 8. It is said that a conspiracy of Italian officers against the foreign officers in the Papal army has been discovered. Fears are entertained for the safety of the Belgian and French Legitimist officers. TURIN, SEPT. 8. The manager of the Southern Railway has been requested to prepare for an extraordinary transport of troops. The 3d, 4th, sth, and Bth corps d'arn&Qc are about to be placed on a war footing, and the soldiers on furlough have received orders to join their regi ments. NAPLES, SEPT. 7. The Neapolitan navy has refused to follow the King to Gaeta. GENOA, SEPT. 9. News received from Tuscany announces that Garibaldi entered Naples on the evening of the 7th instant. The telegraphic communication with the Romagna is interrupted. BOLOGNA, SEPT. 9. Insurrections have broken out in Montefeltro, Urbino, and in other towns of the province of Ur bino. The tricolour flag was hoisted, to the cry of " Long live Victor Emmanuel !" The inhabitants of Pergola, the revolted districts of Sinigaglia, and other parts are hastening thither, armed, in order to support the movement. Delegates from the Marches have left for Turin to solicit the protection of Victor Emmanuel. BOLOGNA, SEPT. 8 An insurrectionary movement has taken place in the province of Pesaro ; 400 insurgents have attacked and repulsed the Papal troops. The tele graphic communication with Naples is interrupted. VIENNA, SUNDAY MORNING A highly important official telegram from S Petersburg was received here yesterday. In slit stance it as follows : " The Emperor Alexander and his Government sincerely desire a perfect reconciliation with Austria. " The good understanding between Russia and Austria ought never to have been interrupted. " The necessary arrangements for a meeting be tween the two Emperors will be made without delay, and measures will be taken to put an end to the present state of things, which is no longer tolerable." FRANCE. BOURSE, Sept. B.—A report has been current that the King of Naples has positively left for Gaeta, but the announcement has had no effect on the market. Business remains in the same inani mate state, and with but trifling variation in prices. Threes, for the Account, which opened at 67f 95c, are now at 67f 921 c. Mobilier, 680 f ; Orleans, 1,376 f 25c ; Mediterranean, 887 f 50c ; Austrian, 472 f 50c ; Lombards, 468 f 75c. The following are the last quotations :- 41 per per Cents ... 95 50 Credit Fonder 895 i Do end month.... 95 50 Belgian 4t 9B 3 per Cents Do. erd month 6B Roman Bank Shares 2800 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 681 25 , Spanish Threes — Do. Account 6BO ; Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans l3BO .. 1378 75 Northern 960 .. 959 75 New ditto B7O .. 868 75 Lyons and Mediterranean 887 50 .. 886 25 Geneva.. Southern 497 50 .. 498 75 Western Eastern 5 Sardinian 37 .. 375 _ Austrian Lombard , 467 50 .. 470 SARDINIA AND ROME. A letter from Turin, dated the 6th inst., in the Debuts, states as follows : "It is perfectly true that our Government has sent a demand to the Pope for the immediate dis bandment of the foreign troops in the service of the Holy See. No reply has as yet been given, but every THE COURT. It is understood that the Court will leave Balmoral for Edinburgh on the 15th instant, and remain at Holyrood until the evening of the 17th, when her Majesty and the Prince Consort, with the Royal Family, will proceed to Osborne. It is the Queen's intention to embark on the afternoon of the 22d, at Gravesend for Antwerp. Her Majesty and the Prince Consort will be accompanied by the Princess Alice, and attended by a limited suite. The Rsyal party will land on the morning of the 24th, and proceed at once, by Frank fort, to Coburg, where they will be met by the Prince and Princess Frederick William of Prussia and their infant Prince. The Queen's stay at Coburg, which will probably be from ten to fourteen days, will be or.tirely of a private charactcr, as will be the whole of the expedition. On the return to England her Majesty will stop two nights at Coblentz with the Prince Regent and Princess of Prussia, and a similar time with the King of the Belgians at Brussels. Lord John Russell will be in attendance upon her Ma jesty as Secretary of State. Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Marie of Russia and a numerous suite honoured the Baron and Baroness Brunnow with her company at dinner on Saturday. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess d'Aumale, with the Prince do Conde, have honoured the Countess of Waldegrave with their presence at Dudbrook Cottage, Essex, during the past week. His Excellency the Netherlands Minister has left town for the Continent, on leave of absence for some weeks. The Marquis and Marchioness of Clauricarde leave Homburg this week, for Paris, on their way home from Germany. Thb Marquis of Salisbury,. after visiting his estates in Scotland, and rraking a visit to the Earl and Countess of Shrewsbury, at their seat in Staffordshire, arrived at Hatfield House, Harts, on Friday last. The marchioness and family arrived the same day at Hatfield, from Bournemouth. The Marquis of Exeter returned from Homburg on Friday, and has since left town for Burghley House, near Stamford. The Earl and Countess Fitzwilliam, who arrived at Wentworth House, Yorkshire, early in tt e past week, from Ireland, will entertain a large party during the pre sent week for the races at Doncaster. The Countess (Dowager) of Glasgow and the Hon. George F. and Mrs. Boyle have been among the guests of the Earl and Countess of Eglinton, who, during the last fortnight, have been receiving a succession of visitors at Eglinton Castle, Ayrshire. Vicount Maynard is, we are able to announce,.in better health, and hopes are now entertained that his/lord ship will recover from his recent severe illness. Lady Stuart de Rothesay arrived in town a few days since from the Continent, and has since gone on to Ford Castle to ♦isit her daughter, the Marchioness of Waterford. Lord James arrd Lady Rachel Butler and Viscount Hamilton, M.P , are staying with the Marquis of Aber corn at Baron's Court, county Tyrone. --- The Right Hon. Sir James Graham, Bart., M.P., left town early in the past week for Netherby Hall, his seat in Cumberland. Lord and Lady Aveland and the Hon. Misses Heathcote have arrived at Normanton Park for the season. Prince Constantine Ghika, nephew of Prince Alexander Ghika, the former Kaimakan of Wallachia, and Minister of the Interior under his uncle's Government, has arrived in Paris. Amopgst the, grand marriages on the Continent which aro announced to be on the tap is, and which it may be interesting to our readers to hear of, is that of the daugh ter of the Duke de la Pagerie with an Austrian Prince. Mdlle. Ney, daughter of the Duke d'Elchingen, who died in the Crimea, is about to be married.—Court Journal. A letter from Turin states that the King of Sar dinia has sent Count Castiglione and other officers of his household to take the Grand Cross of St. Maurice and St. Lazar. to Abd-el-Bader. T.HIS DAY'S SHIPPING. LONDON, Sept. 10.—Wind this day at noon—North- Westerly; light breeze, and fine weather. POOLE, Sept. 9.—Wind N.E.—Sailed—Anderson, for Newfoundland. DEAL, Sept. 9—Wind N.E.—Arrived—Zetland, from the River for Quebec. PLYMOUTH, Sept. 9.—Wind E.—Arrived—Owen Glen dower, from London for Melbourne. Sailed—Escort, for Swan River. CLYDE, Sept. B.—Wind E.—Arrived—Sydney, from Quebec. Sailed -Ann Adamson, for Rangoon; Ann Gray, for New Orleans. FALMOUTH, Sept. 9.—Wind N.N.E.—Arriv'ed—Her Majesty's steamer Osborne, from Cork; John Paxton, from Taganrog. OFF QUEENSTOWN, Sept. 7—Arrived —Mary Hamilton, from Old Calabar for Liverpool. COWES, Sept. 9.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—Caroline, from Akyab. SCILLY, Sept. B.—Wind N.E.—Arrived—Triumphant, from Hamburg, and sailed for St. John's, Newfound land. LAMLASH, Sept B.—Wind N.—Sailed—Henrietta, for New Orieans. OFF FALMOUTH, Sept. 9.—Wind N.N.E.—Arrived— Cemar Auguste, from Newcastle for Genoa. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, Monday Morning Wind E.N.E. Arrived, Sept. B.—Famillan, from Onega ; Atalanta, steamer, from Jersey; Alliance, steamer, from Havre; Argyll, steamer, from Carentan ; Sarah, from Newcastle ; Charles Napier, from Sunderland ; Dispatch, steamer, from Jersey; Duke of Cornwall, steamer, from Dublin. Sailed.—West Lothian, for Sunderland ; Limerick Lass, for Newport ; Nancy, for Sunderland ; Duke of Cornwall, steamer, for London. Arrived, Sept. 9.—Margaret Louise, from Riga ; Bril liant, from Jersey; Adler, from Konigsberg; Margaretha, from Hamburg ; Minerva, Mentor, Premier, and John Crow, from Sunderland ; Anne, from Seaham ; Florida, from Newport; Georges, from Cherbourg; Rainbow, from Seaham. Sailed—Express, for Jersey. (BY SUBMARINE AND MAGNETIC TELEGRA.PIO GRAVESEND, Monday Morning. Wind E.N.E. ; fine. Arrived, Sept. 9.—Charlotte Caroline, from Onega ; Alma, from Dantsic; Vigilant, from St. Petersturg ; Halicoa, from Cronstadt ; Agnes Louder, from Korsor J. hn Barrow, Belle, Ida, Eug eni e , and Vigilant, from Archangel ; Karem, from Apparanda ; Bernardma, from Berbice ; Preston, from Stettin; Anna Elizabeth, from Pillau ; Vissery, from Worcum ; Antine, from Dantsic; Sophia, trom Leer ; Kron Prands Frederick. from Sonnet fund; Lady Ann, from Engelholm ; Fraulien, from Ske leftea ; Phor, from Memel ; Maria, from Aalbfrom org ;Emily, from Dantsic ; Arcos, from Sulea ; Helene, Arrived, Sept. 10—Ida, from Wolgast ; Isabella, from Woolgast. Sailed—Edward Hawkins, steamer, for Cronstadt. DEAL, Monday Morning. Wind E.N.E., fresh. Passed—Phantom, schooner, and Bella Lionda, barque, from the north, for the west; Robert Twentyman, from Loudon for the Canaries ; 6,219, third pendant, schooner, from the west, for the north ; Kingfisher, barque, from Shields for Barcelona; Constantia, brig, from Hartlepool, for Genoa ; /*Encino, from Hartlepool, for Cadiz ; Pru dentia, from London, for Cardiff; Gondola, from Newcastle, for Genoa. THE FATAL COLLISION ON THE SHREWSBURY AND HEREFORD RAILWkY.—The adjourned inquest on on the Sh rews b ur y the body of Dlr.. Jobson, whose death was occasioned by the m an e d Hereford singleetingofapasse passenger and goods train line of railway on the 27th ult., was resumed on Saturday before the coroner for the district, and again adjourned for a fortnight. EXECUTION OF GALLAGHER AT LIVERPOoL On Saturday Thomas, Gallagher, who was convicted at the last Liverpool assizes for the murder of his wile, was exe cuted at noon in front of Kirkdale Gaol. A large Con' coutse of sctators assembled to witness the g hastly CS many. When he appeared on the drop the culprit had an emaciated and feeble appearance. He looked for a few seconds upwards, his lips moving slightly as if in prayer. Calcraft, the executioner, adjusted the cap and rope, and, after shaking hands with the executioner, who alone accom panied him on the scaffold, th e wretched man was launched into eternity, With a few s li g ht struggles he died, MR. AN'eRETI , 'S ROUTE VIA THE EUPHRATES AND THE _INDUS. On the banks of the Thames stands the city whose in-dwellers rule the earth by commerce and the productions to which commerce• gives rise. The Ln-dwellers of London are the kings of commerce, the lords of true human progress. And amongst the items of this commerce not the least important are the leaders and rulers furnished to nations whose rulers and lawgivers are not of indigenous growth. Inland from the mouth of the Indus lies a huge territory fertile in the growth of working men and rich products, over which, by various cir cumstances, some disreputable and others reputable, and mostly the latter, we have acquired the right, sanctioned by a positive duty, to rule; for although it may not be the best of all possible governments that exists in India, it is the best . that India has ever experienced, and one that nolndian ruler could replace without restoring the ancient savagery and. the laws of mere brute force. The basis of all law —force, physical and mental—has been tested (no long time back) with innumerable odds of num bers against English rule, and we have come off victorious ; and the Indian Peninsula is hence forth as much a part of the British Empire as is Lancashire. We have, up till now, had our supplies of cotton chiefly from the slave labour of the United States. We are to go . on increasing our supply from India in virtue of the railways we are opening up, and thereby finding employment, not for slaves, but for • Indian men and women, as free as their intel lectual and moral condition will permit, and with no impediments save those of climate to being on equality with Englishmen. But we must not shut our eyes to the fact that there was once a time when the spun and woven fabrics of cotton were all the products of the Indian loom, and that it was from the brains of Watt, and Crompton, and Ark wright, and men of that stamp, that the steam engine and power-looms came forth, so multiplying individual power that the 3d. a-day rice-fed Indian workman was driven out of the market. But the time is coming when cotton Lancashire, so far as capital, machines, and masters are concerned, will move itself to India, for the simple reason that there the manufacture is indigenous, while in England it is exotic, and that while workers in England are not to be found under ls. 6d. or 2s. a-day, they are to be found in India at 2d. to 3d. And thus will disappear the periodic panic thought, " What will become of England and her mass of cotton workers should American slavery disappear ? " Thus will English commerce re-establish itself on a firmer basis than ever, and the indigenous staple of English born men shall grew yet stronger by their liberation from employments belonging to delicate taper fingers and an etiolating atmosphere. When our ships shall bring to Europe cotton in fabrics instead. of in bales, with all the arts of machinery added to the enormous aptitude of millions of cheap workers, our fellow-subjects, our prosperity , will be placed on a basis that no amount of envy en rival nations can undermine. The value of a country for commercial purposes consists in its roads by land or water, other things being equal.' But for its internal roads, the great highroad of the sea would be of comparatively little value to England. For a long time the ocean was the only English high way to India, though some few travellers occa sionally made their way by land. But facile transit through Europe, the Mediterranean, and Egypt, gave rise to the " Overland Route." The enter prising and ill-requited Waghora improved the route, and stopped French monopoly by finding out an improved track through Germany, with an outlet at Trieste. But the Red Sea was the high way, and the power of France has been systema tically directed to get possession of Egypt in order to levy toll on our Indian transit. The Suez Canal has been a mere pretext for a French colony, with ulterior views. We believe it was Lord Glenelg who first set afloat the idea of an alternate route by the Eu phrates, the shortest way to India. At that time railroads were not—as passenger and goods lines on the large , scale. But out of this has grown gradually the proposition of a railway c ommunica tion with India, which will in time become a fixed idea, and the Euphrates railway is the portion to be first made, i. e. a railway from the port of Se leucia, situate in a nook of the Mediterranean be hind the island of Cyprus, to the first navigable portion of the Euphrates river, the railway ulti mately to be carried to the port of Bassora, on the Persian Gulf, steamers from thence stretching across to the port of Kurrachee, near the mouth of the Indus. We have the choice, in leaving Eng land, of going through France or Germany to the Mediterranean by asking leave with a passport, or of going round by the Straits of Gibraltar with out asking leave. It is not likely that we should consent to pay a French toll for permission to pass through Egypt under any circumstances; but were Egypt an English colony, it would not be the best highway to India. It may be objected that the territories ate not ours. Still they belong legally to a very old ally of ours, and one certainly as faith ful as our ally across the Channel. But he is a weak ally, whose dominions are falling from hint. Well, we must help him to govern his dominions so long as he holds them ; and when he can hold them no longer we must either inherit them, so far as our necessities require, or at least take care that no new owner takes possession to impede our path. We can, if we will it, prevent any chance of this by conferring such obligations on the inhabitants along the line, that they may serve as well as our own colonists. The line will pay directly by virtue of its local traffic —indirectly, as a highway to India. The line passes through a fertile but scarce cultivated land, the seat of ancient civilization, half peopled with an intelligent race of men, full of energy, which goes into peculation chiefly becetuse it is left without occupation, without a market for industry. The race of Arabs we hold to be at least equal, if not superior, w the modern Greeks in in telligence, and superior W them in honour and good faith. " I fear the Greeks though bringing Wilts in their hands," said the Trojan of old. Byron says of the Greek in the poem-- Unlike the honest Arab thieves so brave, He would have hospitably cureG l the stranger, And sold him instantly when out of danger. If we make this Euphrates line, we shall attach to us—possibly, in the future, make our own fellow subjects—a race of indomitable freemen, who will garrison that river against all interlopers loving war and aggression better than commerce. It is by this proce-s of bettering the condition of those \We go amongst, that our power and influence textends;, and by which we root out the anarchy generated. by conscienceless despots. The wild Highl anders of Scotland were tamed and civilised by the process of finding them employment; and wild tribes of India have been civilised by the same process. All that we read of in the palmy days of the Moors o Spain, excelling in arts and arms, may he repro duced, under English auspices, in the co untries lying between the Mediterranean and the rersisn Gulf. Did not Layard, with small means at his will disposal, create a cor p s of attached wo rkmen sim p l y by digging a mongst ruins; and so, doubtless,. Lessees, till such time as they discover that not commerce but conquest is the ultimate aim of th use who push forward Lesseps as Mr. Staunton " stru is a pawn" 'on the chessboard. Nothing but a shadow prevents this work from being done—the shadow of French iwtrigue, which is busy with the impracticable process of trying to convert the Mediterranean into a French lake. If war must come, we can doubtless carry it on as before ; but the really weakest ruler at the present time is the French Emperor. Writers may talk of his inscrutable purposes, but it does not require much discern ment to detect in him a compound of Cagliostro and Fourrier—a huge sham, which will collapse when ever the universal mistrust which surrounds his mysticism shall open into the light of day. Of real work, productive work, work that changes the face of a nation, work th a t b u ild s up a permanent character and reputatio n , h e h as done nothing. lie deteriorates national i n d us t ry an d wastes national destroys resources, while h e na tional morality. When we compare the results of his career with that of Garibaldi—the one greeted with universal mis trust, and the other with universal love and rever ence —we recognise in the one moral weakness which saps physical power, and in the other moral strength which creates a constant growth of physical power. The one is a bandit chief, the other a leader of free his successor od. men—the one ephemera l, the other p ermanen t. As n w t o `v t el y digression on willr because we surely es the elder Nap oleon was defeate d in the m a t ell s vt t ea b wh y aa vy o euabrsefaeantshhleeadrdsoi, so surely rn confronted. nte And this . feel strongly the a bsurdity . of stopping any repro avre.rylveiroitrhk of peace a i r s repro ductive work of peace in fear of a shadow which has no reality. ma and in the Persian Gulf, the railvva.y connecting a sh ls i o ps th a e t e p s ot rdefence l e i u n the two might become a m ovine . land fortress, garrisoned by some new Wil hr a b n a d tt s e f r r i e e e s t t a o k efing fight t ff t o them.e i r h l a i n t d h s e , and itb their hands free to fight them. If the Go limit Feel and his blue-jackets, with the labour of v Tv e io r tv n hi n n i tg e i n let t hir b ei e wise, they will not let slip the chance of making a permanent highw y to that India which will in process of time become to us an enorwously enlarged Lancashir e .— echanics' Magazine. care- The number of strangers at present in Paris is so large that some of the hotel-keepers are obliged to hire rooms out of their houses in order to lodge their customers. There is a large attendance at the theatres and exhibitions, but the evenings have become so cool that open air amuse ments find few frequenters. ,310 The during 3h Bract, more ac the wi n Wools t for, any been n i , shown influent Lealing narket lot mi of bush( howev( engage mingh anima alterat The it activ e The with a nlainti demar iMpre nail, ( tinue A h the BE The Oneid X 21,11 perioc Thl dull feet, Vf iths the intiei for ti are 9: Redu ditto Per C to 3s, ir TI Ire and in t 1 eve, and Elt.s a at CO 3 pe a p e Nev