The Sun. — London, England, 1860-10-24 00:00:00

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November. ....._ . ............t.-0. - -- _ N ( - 21,301. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 24,. 1860. psicE 4D 'TAMPED, SD. It has always been the lot of Prussia to incur the charge of insincerity, and, to a certain extem', to deserve it. Geographical position, early history, and the education of the people tend to msike her halt between two opinie In £lO Loutrfry in Europe is there such a contrast between intention and action. Prince and people affect to bt,,, and perhaps think that they are, the Liberals of Ger many, but this pretence and this fancy last oni t y so long as the world is quiet and no crowned head in danger ; but as soon as the assertion of Liberali's m causes inconvenience to established power th Prussian nature seems to underg o a change. Drs. popular party is quiescent, an the retrograde party regains ascendancy. But even then the. Court and the Army seem unable to take a de cided part in favour of the cause they love. Prussia il o u uw t n t e e saelc r i. s s between two parties, like the bat in the fil battle betw een th e birds and beasts. en, na turally, the i n di gna ti on o f both is aroused, and the o f vacillating, Berlin are taken pedantic, as the and e type ven o f that t a re ll aah_ e isenough,usossu.h, t all this elm i o s m time the Prussians, singularly rectitude. dels o f con e s y cien c Lio n u o s; n conceive that they are contradictory, and conse quently suspected. They fancy that Europe is like their own State —an artificial systeni requir ing political quiet for its prosperity, and even for its existence. They fancy that their counsels will find an echo in every breast when they tell each Prince not to be too fond of despotism, and each people not to be too fond of liberty. But this distorted image of English modo ratios attracts no one. Hence, Prussia preaches in vain; hence she exercises am influence in Europe so small that only the know ledge that in the last resort her numbers woul( make her respectable causes her to be looked upon as a great European Power. Her people read and talk, and write and lecture, and discuss every sub ject with a thoroughness which would seem to pro miss a result; yet allViis profundity of examina tion ends in the most perfect impotence of conclu 'iibii;ircd the Cabinet of Berlin, after receiving the influence of 50 Professors, hardly writes better than a Pope or acts more sensibly than a Bourbon King. The despatch of Baron Schleinitz to the Prussian. Minister at Turin is just such as might be expected to emanate from a State which is at once Protestant and despotic—which must hold Poland by an un derstanding with Russia, and the Rhine province by an acquiescence in the principles of 'B9. The long, straggling, ill-defended kingdom, ambitious for extension, yet fearful of losing what it Vitas-- unwilling to give up its expectations from lit:laq', or to relinquish what it possesses from Divine right —appreciating the friendship of free England, brit not forgetting the happy, orderly days of the Holy' Alliance—naturally sees the conduct of Victor Em manuel in a very ambiguous light. Not that Prus sia condemns him absolutely, or supports his rival absolutely. She does nothing absolutely. " Black is not black, nor white so very white." Barort Schleinitz can count the shades in the new-fallen snow, and sees an infinity of hues in the raven's wing. He does not deny the right of Sardinia to do something in the present state of Italy ; he only objects to her doing that which she has done, and. which all Italy calls upon her to do. He recognizes the right of a people to nationality and unity—he objects that they should take the only steps in their power to obtain them. All revolutions, according to him, must be made with rosewater ; all overthrows of legal tyranny must be effected by strictly legal' forms. If bad Kings can be put aside entirely by their own consent; if separate States can be united without sacrificing any one of the various Governments ; if populations worried by priests, spies, and Algerine generals can deliver themselves without trenching on any privileges of their tormentors—then well and good; no State will applaud the consummation more earnestly than Prussia. But that any Chan cery in Europe should have its forms violated in order to achieve these ends is what the enl i ghtened ncon . statesmen of Berlin cannot sanction. It s i sistent with their principles that an effect should be produced by a sufficient cause. The Prussian Note alludes to the march of events, and states that the Cabinet of the Prince Regent could no longer continue a silence which .might give rise to lamentable misconstructions and tLrow a false light on its real sentiments. The Note itself is an answer to the Sardinian Memorandum of the 12th of September, announcing the inter ference of Victor Emmanuel in the Papal States. It is dated Coblentz, October 12,—just one month after the document which has called it forth was despatched from Turin, and after the Prince Regent had had interviews with the English Royal Pair and with Lord John Russell. It is, therefore, the deliberate expression of the policy of Berlin, settled after learning from personal discussion the views of the English Court - and Cabinet. In spite of the rapidity of passing events Baron Schleinitz was in no hurry to communicate with Turin. Although the Prussian representative in that city is charged with the affairs of Austria during the rupture of the latter's relations with Sardinia, yet Count Brassier de St. Simon was left a whole month without information of his Cabinet's views. Yet during this time the most important events were occurring. The Papal States were invaded, the battle of Castelfidardo was fought, Ancona was taken, - all the country up to within a few miles of Rome was occupied; troops were sent into the Neapolitan territory, and took part with the Geri baldians in the most important action of the war. We must, then, presume that the Note now written has been the subject of the most serious reflection, and represents a great concentration of statesman ship. And yet no one would have believed it, for it is infirm in argument and purpose to a surpris ing degree. Baron Schleinitz professes to explain, without reserve, the view taken by Prussia of the last acts of Victor Emmanuel, and the principles developed in the Sardinian Memorandum. He justly ob serves that all the arguments of that document uphold the principle of the absolute right of nationalities. The Prussian Minister "is far from wishing to dispute the great value of the national idea." Candidly enough, he owns—though the con fession will hardly be palatable to the minor Princes—that "it is essentially the openly avowed b movine• power of our policy, which, in Germanlf will always aim at the development and t he re_ union of the national Powers in a more leheiendiffera powerful organisation." What, then, last S e p ence between Prussia in Germany and rin a er's view, Italy ? It is that, according to th e ° EI and by re " it is only in the legal way of refur ar n 3 Government specting existing rights that a r . egul ate w ishes of the is permitted to realise the le gp i should yield to people." The idea that everytaln g the national wishes, and t h a t whenever public opinion should have pronou nced in favour of those ties ou ht t g o a mate wishes the existing authori looked upon by Prussia as rank their power, is this maxim "To su sta in th e road of re heresy.thatof form is abandoned fo r . revolution." These are the maxims of Prussian statesmanship, and we must be excused for asserting that they involve a contradiction of principles which must deprive the views of the Regent's Cabinet of all influence in this matter. A diplomatic note is not written to enforce abstract notions of morality. When C ou nt Cavour sent a memorandum to Berlin he did not seek advice from a professor of casuistry. Ho wished merely to learn a the Prince Regent's opi nions respecting affairs. The particular juncture of European question how far resistance to esta blished government is defensible has been debated from time immemorial ; there will always be a school inclining to Filmer, and a school inclining to Algernon Sidney, just as some laws give to indi viduals greater liberty of self-defence than others. Baron Schleinitz contents himself with saying that liberty ought to be struggled for and Govern ments ought to be upheld; and, having enunciated . this platitude, he at once proceeds to reprimand the King of Sardinia for fulfilling one duty at the ex pense of the other. But this vacillation will gain no friend. We must call on Prussia to take her side either with the defenders or the opponents of Italian nationality. In this demand we feel sure that Austria herself will join us. Wrapping him self in the midst of abstract morality, Baron Schleinitz leaves it doubtful whether the Regent's Government will give assistance or not to Austria i should she be resolved to enter the field agga,nesr Victor Emmanuel ; he leaves it doubtfu l the annexation of Central and Souther n la n d will be recognised; whether the views of ED p o wers; be supported in any Congress of t he Guressian Court whether, in short, the action of the_ r i r an i indepen will be favourable or adverse totelttsu., f except that deuce. In fact, everything is d° D the mistrust both Prussia merits and will reeeibve. Pilles. of Leoltimists and Liberals.— P URS UANT to a Decree of the High Court of Chancery, made in a MAYA "Groom against Groom,‘' the Creditors of Ann Birdselfe late of No. 4, Coburg-place Bayswater, in the parish of M Widow,iddlesex, dow, who :ied i Paddincrton. in the county of n or about the month of May, 1860, are, by their solie , to'rs, on or before the sth day of No vember, 1860, to com , .: in and Drove their debts at the cham bees of the Tice - Cl'Aar.cellor Sir Richard Torin Kindersley, No. 3, Stone Buildir.as Lincoln's-inn, Middlesex, or in default thereof they will .00 peremptorily excluded from the benefit of the said Decr cc. Saturday, th 10th day of November, MO, at twelve o'clock at noon, at V.te said chambers, is appointed for hearing and adjudicatity4 upon the claims. Dated tills 6th day of August, 1860. PUBLICATIONS. FROM THE GAZETTE OF LAST EVENING. MR. LINDSAY ON MARITIME which I think the law of the two countries should be assi milated. I refer to offences committed on board American and English ships. Very frequently offences are committed on board American ships entering our ports, and offences are committed on British ships entering your ports, over which the laws of the respective countries have no jurisdic tion. Perhaps in the case of dangerous offences, such as murder and murderous assaults, and serious mutinies, and such like, it might not be desir able that the laws of the respective countries should have separate and independent jurisdictions. But the question might be arranged in such a way as this : that whenever such crimes are committed on board American ships in British ports, or on ships entering British ports, that then the British magistrate should have the power to issue his warrant, and commit the offender in the same way as they would deal under like circumstances with British subjects. Thus, on the more serious offences enumerated, the offender to be handed over to the minister or consul of his Government, to be sent home for trial ; but in case of minor offences, it is desirable that the offender should be dealt with summarily. This class of offences is numerous, and very often the offences are of a vexatious character, such as disputes arising between master and seamen, in re gard to dealing with which it would be very desirable that the laws of both countries should be made to harmonise, so that at the request of the consul of either country, the of fenders might be summarily dealt with by the authorities, in whatever port the vessel lay. There is considerable trouble with respect to the crime of desertion from ships belonging to either country, and yet there is no mutual law giving jurisdiction in the respective countries for the sum mary punishment of the deserter. Such a law is very much needed, when you consider how ships are detained frequently whole months together in ports. By this cause alone you will see the importance of a desertion law common to both countries. There users in this matter than appears at first glance. Perhaps you may think the question unworthy of notice; but when you consider the vast intercourse be tween the two countries, and the disputes which constantly arise between masters and crews, it becomes of graver im portance than appears at the first glance. And therefore it is that I call your serious attention to it, and that I say it is desirable that the laws of both countries, with reference to the matter, should be made to harmonise. The next ques tion I submit to you is a truly great question, and perhaps I feel a delicacy in entering upon its consideration. But it is a question upon which I have felt very strongly for many years. I refer to the question of belligerent rights at sea. lam anxious to call your serious attention to the question, because the report of the Mercantile Shipping Committee was carried through the House of Commons on my recommendation. I desire, therefore, your particular attention to the question of belligerent rights at sea, and your own position with regard to it. During the unfortu nate war with Russia, and which I did my best to prevent, England formed an affiance with France, by which among other things it was agreed that both nations should waive the right of confiscation of goods found on neutral ships, and goods not contraband of war found on board enemies' ships. Now this mutual but provisional waiver of rights placed the allies in harmonious action, and practically coun tenanced the principle, " free goods make free ships." On the return of peace a declaration was drawn up at Paris, agreed to by France, Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sar dinia, and Turkey, abolishing privateering. That declara tion was submitted to your Government, but it declined to agree to the proposition that privateering should cease. Your Government declared that it was not the policy of the country to maintain vast standing armies and navies ; that whenever war unfortunately broke out you depended upon the patriotism of your people and shipowners to defend you by land and sea. There was great force, I think, in your reasoning when you said to the other Powers, " If you will make all private property exempt from capture at sea, we will cease from privateering ; but why ask us to abolish it while you maintain and send out great ships of war, which are nothing more nor less than privateers on a large scale, which go forth to plunder, to burn, and to destroy, and which only stimulate other nations to like acts of plunder • ing, burning, and destroying ?" This was the unanswer able argument of your , Government. I fully agreed with the American Government when they said, " Make all pri vate property exempt from capture at sea, and then we will agree to that part of the proposition which says privateer ing shall cease." I brought that question under the serious attention of the committee of the House of Commons, and I carried a resolution throuph the house, and many of the gentlemen whose votes carried it through the house now feel its importance. There are two questions more to which I must direct your attention. We are nrt so likely to be unanimous upon these pcints as upon the ones to which your attention has already been directed. But I know you will give me a generous hearing and an impartial consideration to what I shall say. I think it may take time to have these questions satisfactorily settled, because they are questions of policy. It is right that we should see both sides of the question, and I will give you my views, that you may consider them over and take them for what they are worth. I will first speak of the registration laws. An American ship may come and be registered in the British Custom-house as a British-built ship. Here is an advantage to British ship- owners. We can register the ships of any nation. This is a great advantage to us, because we have bought American ships which are of a particular construction, and which we might not have been able to build in our country. The American law says, " Now, Mr. A., you may invest your money in an American ship, but not in the ships of any other nation." To pass a prohibitory law like this is rather too great a stretch. I think, at least, you might be allowed to purchase whatever ships you please, and where you pleased, and that you ought not to be prohibited from do ing what you please with your capital. This, hewever, is altogether a matter for your own consideration, and it is for you to consider whether or not you are losers by this law of prohibition. The next question is a wider question —and it is the coasting trade. In 1850 we opened our ports to your shipping, and in 1854 we opened our coasting trade, so that since those dates your ships can enter all our ports in India, Canada, and other provinces, on the very same terms as British ships. Now, a great adhering principle of your statesmen (and you have had some of the greatest statesmen the world ever saw) was reciprocity, and they were willing to give to other nations what other nations gave to them. We gave to you the coasting trade. It is not of much importance, you may say, to have the coasting trade of the small islands of Great Britain and Ireland; but then we gave you the trade of India, Canada, and Australia as well, and which you will admit is most im portant to you. Now, Mr. President, while we did so, you still exclude us from your coasting trade ; you still call the trade between New York and California the coasting trade, and you go even farther, and say the trade to Panama and across the isthmus, through a foreign country, is a coast ing trade. I speak to a body of wise men. Now, I ask you, in all justice, is it fair to call these trades a coasting trade ? It would be as fair to call the trade between England and Calcutta a coasting trade as to call the California a coasting trade, whatever it be cn the grounds of national law and technicalities. Now to be frank I must tell you that a large number of influential men in England, both in Parliament and out of it, feel very keenly about that question, and wonder to think that you should call that vast trade with California a coasting trade. By the repeal of the Act of 1849 a clause was maintained in that act which gave the Queen the power to exclude the ships of non-reciprocating nations from British ports. The Parliament have the power to put that clause in force. Ido not think the clause will be enforced, but if it should, see what an injury it would be to your commerce. If the opposition to the Liberal party get into power I do not know but they may have it enforced, and they are very likely to be in power before long. It is true they might not be able to keep it in force more than a year, but see what injury might be done to your shipping in that year. Suppose the order came that no American ships in the ports of India, Canada, or Australia were to load any more cargo in those ports, see how many thou sand tons of freight you would hays locked up. Of course it would enhance the prices to consumers of those freights and raise the prices of freights in British vessels. Now I would, to avoid the possibility of such an event, ask you to aid me by making some concessions in your coasting trade. I do not think any foreign nation can compete successfully with you for the trade along your own shores. Every na tion can conduct its own coasting trade to the best advan tage, England has got Swedes and Norwegians .to com pete with her for the coasting trade which she has opened ; but they have not done it, and they cannot do it, unless they remove themselves and their families to our shores. And before you could compete with us in the coasting trade you would be obliged to come and live near the trade and before we could compete successfully with you we would have to come and live here. But when I_ see your beautiful clippers of 1,000 and 2,000 tons , and your fine Baltimore clippers of 200 and 500 tons, soli the gaged in what your laws term the coasting trade, t lled exclusion of all chance of competition, lam' ra l t e frankly to admit that you have neglected or abandonedted y your great principles of reciprocity, so ably advoca great statesmen. Mr. Lindsay requested shipm merce the owners to bear in mind the fact that the larger the co was a mere better it was for them ; because the shipow ner fi-eer the inter carrier, and does not create tra n d e e. development of trade, course between ports the larger and the greater the developmei7tttohfe;h:retrreadneotthpermepoarree pared to the coast trade, ployment for shipowners. recommend the entire throwm.gueotipeeen, to make some they ought at least, in common j con cessions. He thought they ought to make some conces sions,to avoid the probability, or even the if it were only possibility, of the British Government closing up the cola nial trade. England had also concessions to make. While he did not think that the United States dealt justly and generously with England in regard to the coasting trade, he did not think that England dealt justly and generously with the United States with regard to various taxes levied on American Ships frequenting English ports. Among these he specified the tax for the mainte ce p o u f is l o ig r l y it p h il o o u t s a e g s e o g n ; ry civilised G overnmen t wretched it t s ch re e c d o h g a n r i i the British coasts, passing tolls t ao o t: rno i ninni t aen i nt f bt andoo u n r ho s e , such f teulogisedheh u as m Dano the h e re r r a n n e p American e a t m ha s tG g e was boilitid to light its coasts an point out their dangers. These charges he estimated to c t American shipping about 1,000,000 dollars annually. If the United States would make concessions in regard to the coasting trade, he be lieved that England would be repared to sweep away the whole of these charges. At 11 events, he would do his best in the British Parliament o accomplish that reform ; and it struck him tl at if Amer an shipowners got relieved from the payment of this millio of dollars, they would got the best of the bargain. As a matter, therefore, of pounds, shllings, and pence, he thought the subject worthy of their grave and serious consideration. He reminded them of forty or MI y years ago, when England passed a law declar ing that no produce could be taken from Great Britain to America except in British ships, and when the United States responded by a law providing that no produce should be carried from America to Great Britain except in ships of the United States. These laws led to the spectacle being presented of British ships and American ships crossing each other in ballast. Who gained by that policy ? It would be difficult to show that any interest gained by it. If the American shipowner got 20 dols. a ton for the produce which he carried to Great Britain, he got nothing for his voyage back to the United States, whereas if he had got but 12 dols. a ton each way, he would have had 4 dole. a ton more in his s p Twu o hoi pocket, gl e a t , a twohaansvim d e t i glhaeort countries consumerstheir foolish ereproduce , course a o t n t h e e a a c to h 8 present d s p y o a f int the onh Atlantic moment, f ur e : the vast lake trade. of which he had heard so much, and which he was going to see and judge of4o,;biul,„, eig,,,T 13 41 Canatildts liad a very large and extensive' trade on the northern side of the lakes, and the Americans an equally extensive trade on the southern side. As the law now stood, while foreign ships might go into the intercolonial trade, they could not go from port to port in the colonies. An American ship could not go from one Canadian port to another Canadian port, nor could a British ship go from one American port to another American port on the lakes. Was not that precisely the same absurd principle as their fathers had carried out some 40 years before on the Atlan tic ? Why should such legislative barriers to commerce be set up ? They merely injured the consumers of the respective countries, and injured the shipowners employed in the lake trade. He thought that if the American Govern ment would make concessions as to the coasting trade it ought to insist on the British Government, in addition to giving up the heavy duties he had alluded to, making the coasting trade along the lakes and with the colonies free. Not only would the people of both nations be largely benefitted by such policy, but he conscientiously believed that the ship owners of both nations would also be materially benefitted by it. These were questions which he hoped would receive their impartial consideration ; but he asked that in dealing with them they would separate them, and not treat them to gether, for while there might be but little difference of opi nion as to the one, there might be very muc h a s to th e other. Though he was anxious to see the American coastin g trade opened, he was still more anxious to see a settlement of the questions to which he had first c alled their attention— more especially the question of responsib ilit y , which was a regardc app to r grave question, and one which he hoped would be promptly settled. Mr. President, he continued, you were good enough to say that I might encroach on the patience of the meeting for one hour. I have occupied that time, and have finished all the subjects which I desired to discuss, just as thehand on the dial reaches that point. I hope I have laid these sub jects before you in a clear and impartial spirit, and that you will receive them in the same spirit. My anxiety is to re move the rough edges that now too often cause friction be tween the two nations, and often lead to rumours of war. Although I do not for a moment suppose that there is any likelihood of war between two such nations as England and America, nations speaking the same language, professing the same religion, sprung from the same race, bound together by every tie that ought to bind men and nations together— still there are constant rumours of war, caused too often by some of these questions to which I have directed your atten tion this evening, and which do an immense amount of injury to the people of the two countries by retarding for the time being free intercourse and exchange of commodi ties. If my friendly visit to the States can bring about a harmony between the laws of the two countries, so as to prevent the constant irritation arising on both sides of the Atlantic—if I can by any humble words of mine aid in throwing oil upon the troubled waters, then my visit will not have been made in vain. I hope, therefore ; Mr. Presi dent and gentlemen, that although I come before you, not as a diplomatist, but simply as a man of business, you will give your best consideration to the imperfect words that I have addressed to you this evening, and that before long we may have these difficulties removed, and may thus, in our day and generation, make one step toward that glorious end —peace and good-will between the nations and the interests of mankind in general. With these remarks I thank you warmly for the kind attention you have given me. (Ap plause.) Mr. CHARLES A. DAVIS suggested that Mr. Lindsay might be in error in regard to the trade between New York and San Francisco. His idea was that a foreign ship could go from here to Aspinwall, send goods across the Isthmus, and transport them from Panama to San Francisco, without violating our laws. Mr. LINDSAY, in support of his original position, referred to the opinion of the Attorney-General of the United States, that a foreign ship could not load cargo from an Eastern port for San Francisco via Panama. Mr. THOMAS TILESTON moved the thanks of the meeting to Mr. Lindsay for the able manner in which he had spread the facts before them. The motion was carried unanimously. COMMERCIAL LAW. WHITEHALL, OCT. 22. SYDNEY SMITH. Just published, in Crown Svo, price 7s. 6d. cl o th, T HE WIT and WISDOM of the Rev SYDNEY SMITH : A Selection of the moat memor• able passages in his Writings and Conversation. London : Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Francis Pigott, Esq., to I>e Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Man, in the room of the Hon. Charles Hope, resigned. FOREIGN- OF FICE, Ocr. 20. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. William Boys as Consul at Hobart Town for the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg-. CROWN-OFFICE, OCT. 23. MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN TILE PRESENT PARLIAMENT. NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, OCT. 10. A meeting of the merchants and shipowners of this city was held last evening in a room in the Mercantile Library Building, for the purpose of giving an opportunity to Mr. William S. Lindsay, member of the British Parliament, to explain the views which he came to this country to repre sent, in reference to such a change in the navigation laws as would make the coasting trade of this continent free to the ships of all nations. There were over a hundred gentlemen present, repre senting a large share of the commercial wealth of this me tropolis. Mr. PRIETIAH PERIT introduced Mr. Lindsay, stating that this special meeting was called to give him an opportu nity of explaining his views on many important subjects connected with the interests of shipping and of commerce. Mr. LINDSAY expressed thanks forthe opportunity given him to express his views in reference to various maritime questions in which the shipowners and merchants, and people, of both England and America, were deeply inte rested. As so many reports had been circulated in regard to his visit, he thought it right to say a few words personal to himself. It had been stated—and perhaps believed in some quarters—that he visited this country in an official capacity, as a kind of ambassador, or perhaps special envoy of the British Government. He wished to disabuse their minds of such an idea. His visit was, he might say, one of pleasure. For many years, as many of those present were aware, he had had large connections in America. He had a great many kind and warm friends in various parts of the United States, and he had long promised himself the pleasure of a visit to this great country. Up to the present time, however, his many avocations had prevented him fulfilling that pro mise. Lord J. Russell (said he), when he heard that I was about toatisit this cotn;arr, was good enough - to ask me, in my intercourse with merchants and shipowners in the States, to have some conversation with them in regard to commercial questions which the Government of both countries were very anxious to settle. Being largely connected with Bri tish shipping, and being also much interested in these ques tions, I readily consented to do what I possibly could to pave the way for the settlement of these various questions. His lordship was good enough to furnish me with the cor respondence which had passed on the subject, so as to make me familiar with the question, and also to write Lord Lyons to afford me facilities. That is the only connection that I had with the British Government. His lordship knew that for many years past I have, in the House of Commons, de voted my attention almost exclusively to these great mari time questions, and he also knew that for the last two or three sessions of Parliament both branches of the house had popular views in regard to these questions. There were some remarks made about him, he said, which he should not pass over lest they might injure the great and good cause which he had voluntarily undertaken. It was said that he was not at all competent for such a task because he was a self-taught and self-made man ; but he felt that his being self-made and self-taught would not wake him the less ac ceptable to the American people. (Applause.) It was afso said that he had not sufficient knowledge to deal with these questions. Well, Mr. President and gentlemen, said he, I am ignorant about many things, and the longer I live the' more ignorant I feel myself to be ; and in coming among you I desired more to gain knowledge than to attempt to impart information. But if lam ignorant on general ques tions, I ought to be familiar with the questions on which I am about to address you this evening, because I have been from my boyhood connected with maritime affairs, and since I have been a member of Parliament, now many years, I have devoted myself almost exclusively to the understanding of these questions. It was said that perhaps I was not compe tent to deal with the delicate questions of diplomacy. Well, gentlemen, however eager I may be to obtain knowledge, there is one kind of knowledge which I do not desire to ob tain, and that is the knowledge of diplomacy as taught in too many Courts of Europe. I think it would be well for mankind, and well for the nations, if there were less of that intricate diplomacy, and more of honest, straightforward dealing between men and nations. (Applause.) I think I can best attain the object that I have in view by speaking to you as a plain man of business, addressing plain men of business in a great business city, and frankly pointing out what I conceive to be wrong in your laws, and as frankly pointing out what I conceive to be wrong in our own laws. That appears to me to be the height of all dip lomacy, which, to use a homely phrase, is prepared to give and take, and to do justice to all men. (Applause.) I think it hardly worth while to notice the remarks of a cer tain body of men, known as the Shipowners' Society of London. These associations in England are very different from those here—from your Chamber of Commerce and Board of Trade, which represent great commercial and maritime interests, and have great weight with the Federal Govern ment. Too many of our associations in England are small political factions, got together ostensibly for the purpose of promoting the interests of particular branches of trade, but too often they ride hobbies of their own on some political dogmas. Such is the fact in the face of the so-called Lon don Shipowners' Society. This society met together in solemn conclave in the attic in which they usually assemble and passed a resolution declaring that they had no confi dence in me. The resolution pleased them, I dare say, and I do not think it injured me ; but I shall call attention to it, simply because it may have reached some parts of this country, and some gentlemen here might be disposed to at tach too great weight to it. I assure you that the gentlemen who passed that resolution have no influence whatever in the Parliament of England. With these preliminary remarks allow me to state to you the objects which I have in view in meeting you this evening. I will speak first with reference to the liability of shipowners, because that, perhaps, * is one of the most important questions, and one which I think is not sufficiently well understood. Ido not think that it is sufficiently known how the shipowners of both countries stand with regard to each ether on this question. In fact, as to the law of England, any shipowner there—and indeed I might almost say the same of the shipowner of his or any other country—however wealthy he might be, CHAS. PUGH, Chief Clerk, JOHN CASTLE GANT, Plaintiff's Solicitor, 37, Nicholas-lane, London THE CORNHILL MAGAZINE. No. 11 (for November), Will be published on SATURDAY next, the 27th inst., Price One Shilling, with Two Illustrations. CONTENTS. Last Words. Ily Owen Meredith. (With an Illustration). Framley Parsonage. Chapter XXXl.—Salmon Fishing in Norway. „ XXX ll.—The Goat and Compasses. „ XXXlll.—Consolation. "Unto this Last." IV.—Ad Valorem, Weather. Oratory. Italy's itival Liberators, Sent to Heaven. Work. Neighb lurs. A Roundabout Journey. (With an Illustration). Notes of a Week's Holiday. Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill. PURSUANT to a Decree of the High Court of Chancery, made in a cause of "Groom against Birds eye," the creditors of .lataes Birdseye, late of No. 4 . Coburrz place, in the parish of P a ddi ng t on , in the county of Middle sex, tea dealer, who died in or about the month of January, 1839, are, by their Solicitors, on or before the sth day of No vember, IS6O, to come in and prove their debts at the Cham bers of the Vice-C l .tancellor. Sir P.ichard Torin Kindersley, at No. 3, s tone - lraildincrs, Lincoln's-inn, Middlesex; or, in default thereof, they will be peremptorily excluded from the benefit of the '4aid Decree. Saturday, the 10th day of Nevember, 1860, at twelve o'clock at noon, at the said Chambers, is appointed for hearing end adjudicating upon the claims. Dated. this 6th day of August, 1860. CHAS. PUGH, Chief Clerk. JOHN CASTLE RANT, Plaintiff's Solicitor, 57, Nicholas-lane, London. Borough of Honiton—George Moffatt, of Eaton-square, in the county of Middlesex, Esq., in the room of Joseph Locke, Esq., deceased. WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, OCT. 23. 7th Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Ensign George Henry Bacchus, from the 12th Foot, to be Cornet, vice O'Dowd, promoted. 18th Light Dragoons—Edward Bacon, Gent„ to be Cornet, without purchase, vice Liebert, promoted. Military Train—Andrew Rutherford Warren, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase. 11th Regiment of Foot—Lieutenant Francis Armstrong to be Captain, by purchase, vice Abraham Martin, who re tires; Eneign. George Coote to be Lieutenant, by pur chase, vice Armstrong. The commission of Lieutenant Francis W. Osborne, as Adjutant, to bear date the 19th August, 1860, instead of 18th September, 1860, as stated in the Gazette of the latter date. 13th Foot—Henry Hart, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice King promoted. 14th Foot—Captain William Russell Russell, from the 58th Foot, to be Captain, vice William Alexander Dobie, who exchanges. 18th Foot—Albert James Alexander Jackson, to bo En sign, without purchase, vice Stevenson, promoted; John George Butts, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Nicolls, promoted. '22d Foot—Ensign Percy Sandford Nevile to be Lieute nant, by purchase, vice Damage, who retires. 25th Foot—Major Francis Fane to be Lieutenant-Colonel, by purchase, vice Samuel B. Hamilton, who retires ; Captain Charles James Stewart Wallace to be Major, 137., purchase, vice Fane ; Lieutenant George Kirwan the Captain, by purchase, vice Wallace. 26th Foot—Captain Edward James Upton, from the 72d Foot, to be Captain, vice Captain and Brevet-Lieute nant-Colonel William M•Donald, who exchanges. 29th Foot—Captain John Robert Grimston, from the 57th Foot, to be Captain, vice Edward Gorton, whoexchanges. 39th Foot—Major and Brevet-Colonel John De Lacy, from half-pay Unattached, to be Major, vice Thomas Wright Hudson, promoted, without purchase, to an Un attached Lieutenant-Colonelcy ; Captain and Brevet- Major William Leckie to be Major, by purchase, vice Brevet-Colonel John De Lacy, who retires; Lieutenant Thomas Westropp Bennett to be Captain, by purchase, vice Leckie ; Ensign Richard Albert Vercoe Pope to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Bennett. 40th Foot—Percy Cartwright, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Dudgeon, promoted. 49th Foot—Ensign Charles Ctosar Welman, from the 77th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Henry Tropp, who exchanges. 51st Foot—Captain Geo. Bliss M‘Queen, from the 60th Foot, to be Captain, vice Percy Chaplin, who exchanges. 53d Foot--Lieutenant William Henry James Clarke to be Captain, without purchase, vice Brevet-Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Maycock, deceased ; Ensign Samuel J. Nicholls to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Clarke. 54th Foot—Bennett Andrew Hume, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Purnell, whose appointment, on Sept. 21, 1860, has been cancelled. 57th Foot—Captain Edward Gorton, from the 29th Foot, to be Captain, vice John R. Grimston, who exchanges. 58th Foot—Captain William Alexander Dobie from the 14th Foot, to be Captain, vice William Russell Russell, who N ORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY. Just published, price ls., new edition, by post 14 stamps, THE SCIENCE OF LIFE : or, How to Live, and What to Live For; Explanatory of the Mysteries of Man's Existence, and the various Phenomena of Life. With Instructions for Securing Health and Strength ; and Remarks on the Treatment of Disorders incidental to Seden tary Life. NOTICE._MICHAELMAS RENEWALS. Losses by fire (miming during the fifteen days of grace are made good to the assured. The business of the Company exceeds £66,000,000. The duty paid to Government for the year 1859 was £80,639, and the amount assured on farming stock £10,149,636. A bonus of three-fifths of the profits periodically made to parties insuring, who have thus from time to time received sums amount!ng in the aggregate to £400,000. The rates of premium are in no case higher than those charr,;ed by the other principal offices making no returns to their insurers. 'For prospectuses apply to the Society's Offices, Surre - street, Norwich ; and 6, Crescent, New Bridge-street, Black friars, E.C. By a PHYSICIAN of 20 years' practice. CONTENTX.—The Physical Education of Early Life—The Art of Prolonging' Life—The Theory of Digestion—The Stomach and its Difficulties—The Cultivation of the Affec- tions and Regulation of the Passions—Nervous Disorders, &C. &C. London : Mann, 39, Cornhill, and all Booksellers. V IE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE fully explained in J. GROqSIIIITIPS ALBERT and MEDICAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 7, Waterloo : place, Pall-mall, London, S.W " GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES." The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties ex - perienced In 18E0. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in busi ness has now become the grim torture. Purity of motive, intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully examined in J. Grossntith's "Government upon First Prin ciples." Established 1838. The Business of the Medical, Invalid, and General Life Assurance Society having been amalgamated with the Albert Life Assurance Company, the united businesses will hence forth be carried on under the above title. Apumulated Fund exceeds £500,000 Subscribed Capital 447,180 Kent and Co., late Piper and Co., Paternoster-row. Paid up Capitil Annual Income from Life Premiums upwards of 220,000 The new business is now progressing at the rate of more than X 25,000 per annum. From Professor De Morg,an's Report upon the last valua tion of liabilities (end of 1858), and the statements of accounts, ft rppeared at that time that the surplus in favour of the Albert business alone, after providing for every liability, was £102,925 2s. lld. The amount paid to the public in Claims and Bonuses reaches to more than £BOO,OOO. lIENRT WILLIAM SMITH, Actuary. C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary. The Fourth Edition, Just Published, Bvo, in cloth, price ss. by post free, 58. 6d. n N TRUE and FALSE SPERMATORRHCEA; V with the View to the Correction of wide-spread Errors in relation to the Treatment and Cure of Sufferers from De bility of the Generative system, or Sexual Uypochrondriasis. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. Dr. Pickford is known to English readers by his frequent practical contributions to German medical literature. This is the first time, he informs us, that he has addressed himself to the non-medical reader. We trust that this may not be the last, if he shall detect any other squally flagrant evil which it may be in his pourer to correct."—London Medical Gazette. H E INTERNATIONAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 142, Strand, London. Empowered by Act of Parliament, for LIFE ASSURANCE SURVIVORSHIPS, ANNUITIES, ENDOWMENTS, &c. DIRECTORS. EDMOND SHEPPARD SYMES, M.D., Chairman. John Elliotson, M.D.,Cantab., John Moss, Esq. F.R.S. John Symes, Esq. Henry J. Hodgson, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq. SECRETARY TO THE BOARD. Alexander Richardson, Esq. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. Augustus Blonde', Esq. AUDITORS. Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S., and Professor J. Radford. Young. MEDICAL REFEREE GENERAL. J. Elliotson, M.D., Cantab., F.R.S., 37, Conduit-street. ACTUARY. W. B. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., F.S.S., &o. ASSISTANT ACTUARY. Barker Woolhouse, Esq. BANKERS. Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street. SOLICITORS. News. Gregory, Gregory, Skirrow, and Rowoliffe, Bedford- TOW. " The editor has conferred a great boon on the sufferers from this distressing malady by translating this little book, and by laying bare the scandalous practices of unqualified adventurers, who profess to cure a disease of which they know nothing, with no other object than to fill their own purses. The difference between true Spermat2rrhcca and the various forms of disease which resemble it are accurately de scribed, and thus a safe guide is offered for the treatment of the malady."—Medical Circular. " We have dilated so long upon the contents of the preli minary chapter, that we have scarcely left ourselves space for any notice of the subject specially treated of by Dr. Pickford ; but the moderate price at which the brochure' is sold, places it w Rhin the reach of every one interested in the matter."— Dublin Medical Press. exchanges. 60th Foot—Captain Percy Chaplin, from the 51st Foot, to be Captain, vice George Bliss M'Queen, who exchanges. 72d Foot—Captain and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Wm. M'Donald, from the 26th Foot, to be Captain, Nice Ed ward James Upton, who exchanges. 76th Foot—Lieutenant John M'Dermid Allardice to be Instructor of Musketry, vice Lieutenant John Henry Tripp, promoted. 77th Foot—Ensign Henry Topp, from the 49th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Charles Caesar Welman, who exchanges. 79th Foot—Lieutenant Wm. Johu M'Crawfurd to be Cap tain, by purchase, vice Brevet-Major Henry Holford Stevenson, promoted to an Unattached Majority, by pur chase. 82d Foot—Captain Frederick Richard Soly Flood, from half-pay Unattached, to be Captain, vice Brevet-Major Wm. Roberts Farmar, appointed Captain of a Company of Gentlemen Cadets, Royal Military College. 83d Foot—Charles Lucius Smith, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Brymer, promoted. let West India Regiment—Captain James Shortall Ma caulay to be Major, by purchase, vice Robert Follett Synge, who retires ; Lieut. George Augustus Vaughan, from the 33d Foot, to be Captain, by purchase, vice Ma • caulay. UNATTACHED.—Captain and Brevet-Major Henry Hol ford Stevenson, from the 79th Foot, to be Major, by pur chase. London : H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. RUCKLEY'S SERENADERS TO-NIGHT at 8, Saturday Afternoon at 3, at ST. JAMES'S HALL. *** Full Programmes and Books of the Words may be ob tained at the Ticket Office, open daily from 10 till 5, 28, Pic cadilly. Stalls, is. ; Area, 2s. ; Gallery, ls. DE. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM , opposite the Haymarket. OPEN DAILY from 12 till 5, and from 7 till 10. • PROGRAMME OF LECTURES FOR OCTOBER. The next Quinquennial Division of Profits will be declared In May, 1860. Three and Eight o'clock—lll effects of various avocations upon Health, with Pictorial Illustrations shown by the Oxyhydrogen Light, and the Oxyhydrogen Miseroscope. Nine o'clock—Half an hour with the Mediums and Spirit- Rappers, with numerous experiments. Admission, ONE SHILLING. Dr. Kahn's "Philosophy of Marriage," and his new work on "Woman, specially considered in her relation to the Married State." Published by Allen, 20, Warwick-lane, price One Shilling each ; or either sent free by post for 18 stamps direct from the Author. Address, 17, Harley-street, Cavendish-square, W. Examples of Bonus up to May, 1855 : Polio Bonus i y Sum n Permanent Bonus in taken Age. Assured. Addition Reduction Cash. G to Sum of Annual Gut in Assured. Premiums. —__ £ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1838 55 3,000 867 17 7 428 1 4 56 3 8 1841 48 4,000 749 4 0 325 16 0 32 0 4 1845 i 59 2,000 232 18 0 156 15 0 16 6 0 1848 160 2,000 154 2 8 103 16 8 10 15 2 1851 55 2,800 120 17 0 72 14 6 1 6 7 7 The followincx are hnion , zst the advantages offered by the International Life Assurance Society:— ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly RE-OPENED for the WINTER SEASON for PRO MENADE CONCERTS, with the followimr, powerful east, fonsistinv, of selections from 11 Trovatore, Martha, Lurline, Huguenots, L'Etoile du Nord, &c. Dancing: at Ten o'clock. The Orir.rinal Band, established ten years. Conducted by M. LAMOTTE. Admission. Is. BREVET. Lieutenant-Colonel William Neville Custanco, C. 8., 6th Dragoon Guards, to be Colonel in the Army. Major Sir Edward Fitzgerald Campbell, Bart., 60th Foot, to be Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army. Captain Henry Scott, 18th Light Dragoons, to be Major in the Army. Captain George Dowden Dickson Cleveland, 98th Foot, to be Major in the Army. Captain Charles" David Cuninghame Ellis, 60th Foot, to be Major in the Army. Captain Richard John Evans, 27th Foot, to be Major in the Army. Captain Charles David Rich, 9th Light Dragoons, to be Major in the Army. Captain Frederick Richard Solly Flood, 82d Foot, to be Major in the Army. The undermentioned promotions to take place consequent on the promotion of Colonel Richard John Stotherd, Royal Engineers, to be Major-General in succession to Major • General W. C. Ward, Royal Engineers, promoted to be Lieutenant-General, vice Lieutenant-General Sir C. W. Pasley, K.C.8., Royal Engineers, promoted to be General, vice General F. R. Thackeray, C. 8., Royal Engineers,who died on the 19th September, 1860 : Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Gregor Urquhart, Ist Foot, to be Colonel. Major Morley Stratford Tynte Dennis 76th Foot, to be Lieutenant-Colonel. Captain Thomas William Prevost, half-pay 42d Foot, Staff-Officer of Pensioners, to be Major. The undermentioned promotions to take place conse quent on the death of Lieutenant-General Sir Harry G. W. Smith, Bart., G.C.8., Colonel •Commandant Rifle Brigade, on the 12th October, 1860 : Major-General John Scott, C. 8., Colonel 3d Dragoon Guards, to be Lieut.-General. Brevet-Colonel Frederick Horn, C. 8., from Lieut.-Cole nel, half-pay, 20th Foot, serving on the Staff of the Army at Malta, with the temporary rank of Major-General, to be Major. General. Lieut.-Col. Alexander Murray, 87th Foot, to be Colonel. Major Chas. Barnard Hague, 67th Foot, to be Lieut.- Colonel, Capt. John Desborough, Royal Artillery, to be Major. MEmeItANDUM Brevet-Lieut.-Colonel Owen Lloyd Ormsby, has been permitted to retire from the service, by the sale of an Unattached Majority, he being about to be come a settler in Canada. WAR•OFFICE, PALL-MALL, OCT. 23. Hon. Artillery Company of London—The Rev. Themes Hugo to be Chaplain, vice the Rev. J. 11. Knox, deceased. ADMIRALTY, OCT. 19. Corps of Royal Marines—Second Lieut. Edward Kins man to be First Lieutenant, vice Woodriff, placed on half pay. The followincx are 7thion , zst the advantages offered by the International Life Assurance Society:— The Society was established in 1838. Two-thirds of the profits are divided amongst the assured every five years. For prospectuses and every other information, apply to the Chairman, 142, Strand. . . EDMOND S. STMES, Chairman. 142, Strand, London, W.C. rpHE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, HIGH HOLBORN.—The above popular and splen didly-appointed BALL ROOM, with its various elegant re freshment rooms, is NOW OPEN for the Season. The re eent elaborate decorations and improvements have rendered this the most fashionable and popular rendezvous of the metropolis. Mr. W. M. Packer's celebrated Band performs nightly selections from favourite operas and the latest and most fashionable waltzes, &c. Doors open at eight o'clock. Admission, is. OYAL NATIONAL LIFEBOAT La) INSTITUTION.—The Committee of this Institution earnestly APPEAL to the public for PECUNIARY ASSIST ANCE to aid them to meet the present heavy demands on the limited funds of the Society. It has now 106 lifeboats, some of which hairs saved tkis year 120 persons from a watery grave. THOMAS BARING. Chairman. THOMAS CHAPMAN. Deputy-Chairman. 14,John-P treet, Adelnhi, W.C., Oct.. 1860. Bankers —Messrs. Willis and Co. ; Coutts and Co. ; Ilerries and Co. ; and at the Institution. PRESENTS.— ORNAMENTAL and SCIEN- L for the Drawing-room, Library, 4nd Dining-room, consisting; of anew and elegant assortment pf VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Inkstands, beautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &c., in Italian,Alabas 'er, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &c. Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mineralogist to her Majesty, 149, Stand, W.C., London. Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS, MINERALS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly facilitate The interesting study of MINERALOGY, CONCHOLOGY, ind GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas each. PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE RALOGY is given by Mr. TENNANL at 149, Strand, W.C. rrESTIMONIAL to WM. MARSDEN, Esq -1- M.D., Surgeon.—At the NINTH ANNUAL GENE- It &I. MEETING of the GOVERNORS of the CANCER HOSPITAL, London, held in the Board-room, on Friday, June 22, 1860, It was resolved, That the cordial thanks of this Meeting are pre-eminently due, and are hereby tendered to Witham Marsden, Esq., M. 1)., principal survon of this Charity, for his zealous and unremitting, exertions on behalf of the afflicted patients brought under his charge. That this anniversary specially recognises, under the Divine blessing. Dr. Marsden's singularly successful treatment of the distressing ( .1 ' case of cancer, his liberal devotion of so much valuable time and atten tion in intercepting, arresting, and more or less relieving the lame number of cases annually admitted info the Hospital, or treated as out-patients, his careful tabulation of the origin, symptoms, and pathological develonment of the cases open at any time to the inspection of medical practitioners, the ex perience derived from which materially influences the treat ment of wealthier patients suffering from the same painful malady. That the above resolution be engrossed, and pre sented in a suitable form, to Dr. Marsden and that it be in sertrA in the leading morning and evening papers. Signed, by order of the Meeting. AFFECTING SUICIDE Tf-I_ROUGH DI& APPOINTED LOVE. might rise any morning and find himself a ruined man. That is a serious thing to consider. Now the law of Eng land with regard to the responsibilities of shipowners limits the responsibility of the owners to the value of the ship and freight. In most of the other countries of Europe, also, the responsibility of the shipowner is limited to that extent. This is. also the law in this country—that is to say, it is so in this country so far as I understand the law. Speaking to Amei lean gentlemen, of course, I speak under correction; but so far as 1 understand the law of your country, your responsibility, in cases of collision, is limited to the value of the ship and freight. That is to say, if one of your ships runs down another ship at sea, and you pay into your courts the value of the ship and freight, your responsibility cannot be carried beyond the value. That is all very well, so far as the laws of the respective countries stand. But if my ship runs down an American ship, and my ship enters any of your ports, I am made responsible, not merely in your courts for the value of the ship and freight, but I am made, responsible exactly for whatever amount of damage may have been sustained through the collision brought about by my ship. So, therefore, if my ship runs down a vessel with cargo and freight on board to the extent of £200,000 ster ling, I would be responsible for the whole. If your ships at sea run down any other American ship, or run down a British ship, and it be brought into our courts, you are also responsible in our courts for the full amount of the damage which your ship caused. Now, this arises from the fact that our laws have jurisdiction only over British ships, and that your laws have jurisdiction only over Ame rican ships. Now, considering the vast trade whichis car ried on between the two countries, I think, and I hope you will agree with me, that it is most desirable, more particu larly as the Legislatures of either country have specified that the shipowner's responsibility shall be limited—l think there ought,to be a convention between the two coun tries, who should decide on some principle which would be common to both countries. We will require to alter oar rules, or rather it will not do for us to have two laws with reference to the rule of the road at sea. Your rule in America is ranch the same as the old maritime rufe of the road, with sonic slight modifications. Indeed, with some slight modifi cations added, it would be desirable for England to adopt the rule of the road that is now in use with American vessels. I ;will not now enter into the details which ought to go to make sucha rule. What I desire is, that you should go with me in endeavouring to bring about the opinion amongst shipowners that there should be but one rule for the guidance of marl • ners in America and England. Now, with reference to the use of lights at sea. In 1858 we, in accordance with a law then passed, adopted a system of single lights at Boa which I need not minutely describe; but that system of lights was considered so good that all the nations I believe have now adopted it. You in America have adopted that system so far as steamers are concerned, and your shipowners have also adopted it. But it is not compulsory by your laws for your shipowners in all cases to carry lights. Now I am of opinion that it would be desirable that the law of America on this point should be made similar to that of England with reference to the lights to be carried at sea ; that Ame rican and English ships should carry the same lights; and that your shipowners should be compelled to carry these lights in the same way as English shipowners were com pelled to carry. them ; if we had the same rule of the road, and established the same system of lights, there would be less collisions. The great surprise to me is, not that many collisions took place, but, considering the enormous inter course between the two countries, and the vast number of vessels which pass through the St. George and the English Channels, I must say I am much surprised that many more collisions do not take place; and this is a matter which speaks well for the masters of American and English ships, and the great caution they must exercise to avoid collisions. These come under the head of liabilities, to which I shall call your serious attention.. There are other points of the subject to which I desire to call your attention, and up on On Saturday afternoon Mr. Harding held an in quest at the Saracen's Head Hotel, Hanley ; on the body of Adelaide Marlow, 27 years of age, who had committed suicide by taking oxalic acid the previous day. The deceased, a fine young woman, occupied a respectable position in life, and was very highly respected by a large circle of friends and acquain tances. She resided with her mother at Etruria Vale, and carried on business as a dress maker. For some weeks she had been in a depressed state of mind, caused, it now turns out, by some unpleasant ness with her sweetheart, a respectable young man, named Steele, to whom she had been engaged for seven years. The engagement, it appears, was objectionable—though on what account has net transpired to Mr. Steele's friends, which had the effect of inducing him either to break off the match altogether or to slight the lady. Which ever it might have been, the fact preyed upon the mind of the deceased to an extent which there can be no doubt ultimately induced insanity, and while under its influence she committed the rash act. On Friday morning she rose about eight o'clock and went into the parlour, when her mother pre sently heard her crying, and on going thither found her writing a letter, and appeared to be in great trouble. In reply to her mother she promised to come to her in the kitchen in a few minutes. She was heard crying again shortly afterwards, and her mother went again to her, receiving the samei tretiny as before. Presently she came into the k to with a letter in her hand, which mother, and then said " Oh ; mo the a r h .r e ate o g t a h veer, a 1y went to taken poison." Her mother immediately doctor. The procure assistance, and sen t for I have afterwards deceased lay on a sofa, and half anhour died. A paper labelled i t did not bear the after wards found on the floor, b a every effort since made “.ourtaly acid " was name of any chemistla: poison was procured has to ascertain where wthoi:ch the deceased gave to her — , I feel my time drawino• follows failed. The letter sin ever committed was mother was as have vireclo.nci.led to my fate. I 6 but h how , hard to not the least desi re only sin I. near. I feellye ~ o die so young ! Well. He has ruined me too and left lov;ng bi n 'after seven years' s hame, quiteT h e t 00 n 1 3 7 courtship. I me to my been true to him, God knows I have ; but his ether and sisters have always tried to preju dicestepro dagainst me a d h i s min . ag Look , 11 they are my mur derers and him.at his letters, and you will see how he once loved me. But he will Never be hap py, for he will always have the brand of murder —murder on his conscienc e . I • wish you to bury his likeness with me, and the brooch. Good bye, and bless you all. A. 'Marlow." On the back of the letter was "You may not give up his letters." In respect to the allusions in this letter, ,from which the reader would incline to draw an inference unfavourable to the character of the deceased' s lover, according to the evidence given at the inquest, there seems to be no ground for the strong expressions made use of by the deceased, in the sense in which they would natu rally be interpreted. A post-mortem examination of the body was made by Mr. Grosvenor, surgeon, who stated that it showed no symptoms of disease whatever, and he was of opinion that death was caused by oxalic acid. The jury returned a verdict of temporary insanity. OLIVER FARBEit, Chairman. ANEVER FAILING REMEDY, Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre pared without any mercurial inzredient, from the recipe of Dr. Scott, of Bromley, Kent, are a sure remedy for affections of the liver, indigestion, bile, sick headache, giddiness, loss of appe tite, lowness of spirits, ttc. They can be taken at any time, without any danger from wet or cold, act mildly on the bowels, without pain or griping, clear the skin, remove sallowness and pimples, purify the blood, brace the nerves, and invigo rate the whole system. Sold by most dru ggists, in boxes, Is. lid. and 2s. 9d. each. Be sure to a sk for Dr. Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green package, with " William Lambert, 20, Jermyn-street," en graved on the Government stamp. BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED. John Henry Cohn, East India merchant, Lime-stree' Borough. DR. BUCHAN'S PATENT SUGAR-COATED VEGETABLE PILLS, VEGETABLE SKIN OINT MENT, and CONCENTRATED VEGETABLE ESSENCE, for purifying the Blood, Reg ulating the Bowels , a nd removing Vitiated Humours, Bilious and Liver Complaints, Rheuma ligro, Gout, Scorbutic Affections, Costiveness, Skin Erup tions, deep-seated Ulcers, and all diseases of the Nervous System, from whatever cause, &c., affording at once a new lease of life to the sickly and aged of both sexes, whilst in addition imparting a beautiful and clear complexion, so anxi ously sought for by all. Proved by the sworn testimonies made before the Lord Mayor of London, and sitting Magis trates. Sold by Buchan and Co., patentees, 22, Newman-street , Oxford-street, London, W., and all chemists in town and country. Prices :—Pills, per box, is. 14d.. 2s. 9d., and lls• ; Ointment, per pot, ls. 14d., and 25. 9d. ; Essence, per bottle, 1 18., or family bottle containing four times that quantity, 335. Agents :—Barclay, 75, Farringdon-street ; J. Sanger, 150, Oxford - street Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Butler, 4, Cheap side ; Hooper. 43, King William-street, London-bridge ; R. Howden, 78, Gracechurch-street ; Front, 229, Strand, &a. &c. Just published, gratis, or post free for one stamp, to be had of all Agents, and at 29 Newman-street, Extracts from Dr. Buchan's Work, entitled BUCHAN'S DOMESTIC MEDI CINES, bein g a Book of: Reference, containing instructions for the cure of eery ailment incidental to man, woman, or BANKRUTPS. Henry Alfred Town Fowler, Francis Edmund Town Fowler, Joseph Stubbs, and William Goodenough Dunt, newspaper proprietors, Exeter-street, Strand, to surrender, Noptcv. 1 and 30, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bank- Henry Robert Watts, wine merchant, Blackman-street, Borough, Nev. 1 and 30, at two, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. Thomas Powles, hosier, Milk-street, Cheapside, Nov. 2, at half-past eleven, and 30, at half-past two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. John Hullah, bookseller, St. Martin's Hall, Long-acre, Nov. 2, at eleven, and Nov. 30, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Benjamin Humphrey Nicholls, innkeeper, Wilbarston, Northamptonshire, Nov. 2, at half-past eleven, and Dec. 6, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. John Henry Raw, clothier, Ware, Herts, Nov. 5, at twelve, and Dec. 3, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. William Boyce, printer, East Dereham, Norfolk, Nov. 8 at half-past twelve, and Dec. 3, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. James M'Colm, brewer, Manchester, Nov. 6 and 27, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. James Broad, ironmonger, Drury-lane, Nov. 6 and Dec. 4, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edward Lewis, printer, Coleman-street, City, Nov. 7, at half-past one, and Dec. 4, at eleven, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. Lewis Jacobs, shoe manufacturer, Whitehapel, Nov. 2, at eleven, and Dec. 6, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. George Gee, mercer, Walworth-road, Surrey, Nov. 2, at at one, and Dec. 8, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. William P,enfold, smith, Market-terrace, Caledonian road, Nov. 5, at half. past one, and Dec. 3, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Anthony Harris, licensed victualler, Seven Oaks, Kent, Nov. 5, at half-past eleven, and Dec. 5, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Robert Willan, grocer, Glossop, Nov. 9 and 30, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. Thomas Bennett and Edward Williams, ironmasters, Molt Forge, Tipton, Staffordshire, Nov. 8 and 30, at eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Fuller Coker, builder, Worcester, Nov. 2 and 23, al eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Thomas Parkes, spade manufacturer, Kniver, Stafford. shire, Nov. 5 and 26 , at eleven, at the Birmingham 'Dia. trict Court. Benjamin Chester Rawles, boetmaker, East-street, Wal. worth, Nov. 2, at half-past twelve, and Dec. B P , at twelve at the Court of Bankruptcy. Septimns Frederick Martyn, wholesale shoe warehouse. man, Dowgate-hill, City, Nov. 2 and Dec. 6, at twelve, a the Court of Bankruptcy. John Walker, grocer, Sunderland, Oct. 31 and D e c. 12, at twelve, at theSCOTCH Newcastle-üBANKRUpon-TynPTSe District Court. e • Thomas Lauder, pptatoe merchant, St. Andrews. raw,awterighmhaik,eHr, Hawick. lensbuh. r John Miller, farmer, Hardhill. Linlith gows hi re . WjamilleiasmGoßwaanttrsi; Samuel George Beamish, residing in Glasgow. Wyllie and Millar, wine merchants, Edinburgh. William M'Lintock, cement and chemical manufacturer, Glasgow. Thomas Mclntosh, builder, Blairgowrie. David Anderson, Campbeltown, now deceased. ' Francis Sutherland, innkeeper, Clyth, Caithueoe-ehire. "The temporary rebel obtained by means of purgative medicines is purchased at the high price of the aggravation id if the perpetuating the disease."—HENßY, M.D. NO MORE PILLS OR ANY OTHER PHYSIC Volt CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION (DYSPEPSIA), PALPI TATION, NERVOUS, BILIOUS, AND LIVER COMPLAINTS, i DEBILI, DitOPSII EPILEPSY, PARALYSIS, COVGII, ASTHMA,TY ,CONSUMPTION, BRONCHITIS , SORE THROAT , PETERS. RESTOR INGO oD it . e which, diciii e , DU BARRY'S delicious HEALTH at a REVALENTatyAtRimIeB I e toesA c o P s few pence per day, saYes and of unoertaint cures without purging' or any cuffed by medicinies' annoy ances, and ruinous expellees in c . cod liver oil: or visits to distant climates. -find it the safest remedy, An Certificate No. 36.418 .—We - Dr• Wurzer • Dr. ' - drew 17re, M.D., F.R.S. ; Dr. Harvey ; • , • bhor land ; Dr. Campbell. 000 cure. We extract a few out of 56, :—. of Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies manycrirt?aara, dyspepsia. Cure No. 49,832. Stuart asthma,fiftyyearcos' i a ugh, constinale agony f rom dyspepsia, nervousness, y Mug, Maria Joly, constipa tion, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and n Elizabeth Jacobs, of Lynn, Norfolk. Cure No. 47.121. Miss . low spirits, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings,y Jam e s T. and nervous fancies. Cure No. 54,816. The Re • ham Norfolk of Campbell, Syderstone Rectory, near Faken . _ _ Mr. Samuel Indigestion and liver complaints. Cure No. 56,81 4. go 180. Mr. Laxton, Leicoster, of two years' diarrhoea . Cure • nervous - W. Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London, of 25 years' NT 4 028 . e ..,(3. 1 • ness, a nstipation, indigestion, and debility. Cur m Eight years' dyspepsi., nervousness. debility. within _pcs, spasms , and nausea, Rev. John W. Flavel, Ridling.lfn(:.-- tory. Norfolk. Cure No. '1,906. Thirteen years' cough, 1 cn. gestion, and general debility. James Porter, Athol-streer, Perth. Cure No. 58,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool. of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrorrts. s of nerv ous irritability. Cure No. 40,270 . Mr. James Robe timber merchant, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood , li ver deran g ement, p artial deafness. Similar testimonials from 56,000 patients who can be re - I erred to. The Food is sold in caniste rs, lib. !at. 9d., 21b, 4s. fid., 121 b. 225., 241 b. 405. ; super-refined quality, 51b. 225„ 101 b. 335. The lolb., 121 b., and 241 b. canisters carriage free on receipt of Post-oifice order by Barry Du Barry and Co. , 77 . Re d street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and Co , 182, PiocadillY. London; Abbis, 60, Gracechurch-street; 4, Ckeapside ; 63 and 150, Oxford-street ; 330 and 452, Strand ; 49 and 6., Biehopagate-street; Batty,l6, Pillsbury-pavement ; Phillips and (JO.. tea &Wats ; Petty, Woad, and Co., King Willitun' litnet.iolo; at 187, Sigh Bolborn ; and all grocers. _ DEFENCES OF T I I E A U S T ry " t d i t r N or t inexistenceFs .no I N n T s t l t hr E ee l F RONTIER.—The g — ltahi T neu h te s od_ . Bermealstemporaine, in an article copied into the _Mon iteur de la Flottc, gives a remarkable accouveniettrhooonfrantcheaweneixotretnsive military preparations that have been made by Austria on the frontiers of Venetia. At Venice an island covered with cannon has risen in the middle of the Grand Canal, and new works have been constructed at the Lido and Islalgher At Verona means have been found to cover the heightsa. a a g n g d e r t a l i t e i 0 n Lake to s o a f y t that Garda at forts. A steam fleet rides at anchor in the woirththobsaettaelrrieades t y °euvaa o f 100,000 men. In a single fortresses othw r fet o l:ci u divtr9e n ociat Inabn(fit detached nmant raised from all he had heard it appeared now pro tect or Legnano, but has become a second Verona ; it has Po had been no more neglected that the defences of the new a double girdle har bour. The writer had not seen than those of the Mind,. The Convocation of the Prelates and Clergy of the Province of Canterbury was yesterday prorogued in the Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster, by the Vicar-Genereb Dr. Travers Twiss, under a commission fro m his ra G ths Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all Ehtr e n d. and Metropolitan, pursuant to the Royal writ, mean November 7. ,~_-.~ RUPTURES.-BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS is allowed by upwards a 200 Medical Gentlemen to he the most effeetive invention in the curative treatment of HERNIA.. The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects, is here avoided—a soft bandage being worn round the body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the Dim-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting with so much ease and closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had; and the truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the cir cumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being sent to the manufacturer, • Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly. A Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., and 31s. 6d. Postage, ls. A Doublo Truss, 31s. 6e1., 425., and 525. 6d. Postage, is Bd. An Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. fd. Postage, ls. 10d. Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White, Post office, Piccadilly. PLASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, &c., for I l i.l Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, Ac. They are porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on like an ordinary stocking. Price 3s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s., and 16s. each. Postage 6d. JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer, 228, Piccadilly. X, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR THE PANTHEON. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal 1 --• College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo hecaries' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as above, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity, LOP S 1 of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements of both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive indul gences Has Just published, price ts. ; by post, It stamps, 18 sealed, No. 4, An entire new and original Work:, entitled • OURSELVES. Synopsis; The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation ...The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. Also, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange ments and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. Ina modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Blennorrhagia Gonorrhcea), Spermatorrheea, Impotency, and all Diseases of ,be Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, aco.S FEMALE. The p hys iology and Anatomy of W om en--Functi on al Ir regularities in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage— Their Expectancies and DisappointmentsTb Cause and Removal of Sterility—The T heory and Symptoms of .Gesta tien—Use of the SPnculum• No A . l l. o . ITEALTTE, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY ; On Debility, N erv ousness , Dyspepsia, and Indigesti on , No. 2.? LOVE Their Obligations, ess, and Disappointments ; Lo ve vrappAND MARRIAGE :ut gyring secured. A nd other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off- E. THE CASE BOOK : 100 Cases of SPEEMATORRH(EA, Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessions" and Cure b Cauterisations, To be had of Mann, 39,Galvanism C orn hill ; and the Authors. Advioe to the Working Classes ire Half-a-Guinea. - (SPECIAL NOTICE.) Dr. Culverwell is the only I.gally qualified medical practi tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as above). CURTIS ON MANHOOD - N EDITION: A. MEDICAL ESSAY ON NERVOUS EW AND GENERA TIVE DISEASES. Ynst Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates. in a sealed envelope, price is., Sold by all Booksellers, and sent post paid, by the Author, for 12 stamps, ANHOOD : the CAUSE and CURE of ePRE MATURE DECLINE with Plain Directions for 1- 15, til e lgs a t= e t t o:: pi ll ec ea a lt d h ill a y nd L V on ig d o o u n r . . By J. L. CURTIS, CONTENTS INT RODUCTORY CHAPTER :on the Physiological Structure and F unc ti ons of the Repro d uc ti ve O rgans . CHAPTER — Causes of Supermatorrhcea and Impotence; Early Vicious I n d u l gences; Dangers of Neglect. CHAP TER 111.--A Review of the various Disqualifications of Marriage ; whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection. CHAPTER l V.—The Author's plan of Treatment, Medical and Moral, being the result of a successful practice extending over a period of 25 years. CHAPTERS V. and VI. on the modern Treatment of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. The Book concludes .with numerous varied and interesting A ges, to which is added the Author's receipt of a preventive Lotion. REVIEWS 4 )F THE WORK. "Curtis on Manhood.—This is a truly valuable work, and should be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times," 23d IKarch, 1856. "The author has conferred a great boon by nublishing this little work, in which is described the source of those diseases which produce decline in youth or more frequently p ldso a remature co Daily Telegraph," March 270,856. Kent and Co4raternester-row ; K ann , 89 f d e. al "- 40 " by CoriabilL ~. ....