The Sun. — London, England, 1860-09-21 00:00:00

~- ~ YAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT 'I, GARDEN—under the Management of MISS LOIFIS . A PYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON—wiII open the I'd• al Season on MONDAY, Octobor Ist. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Baokstone. THIS EVENING the performances will eomrcense with THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. Farren, Bucketone, Compton, Chippendale. Rogers, Miss Florence Haydon, Miss Weekes , and lars. Wilkins. After w hi c h, the new farce, entitled ne, W. Farre FITZS3IYTHE OF FITZSMYTHE HALL. Messrs. Buckston, and Rogers; Mrs. Wilkins and Miss Heurade. To conclude with FISH OUT OF WATER Mr. Compton. Conpnence at 7. D NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Beni. Waster. Great Success ot the new Drama, by Dion Boureiclult, Esq., " The Cotleen 89.1Vh.",--MiSS Agnes Robertson every even ing. THIS EVENING, THE LOAN OF A LOVER. Messrs. w. Smith, Billirigtoll, Romer, C. J. Smith, and Miss Emily Thorne. After which, THE COLLEEN DAWN. D. Bonreicanit, D. Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer. Miss Aznes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. To conclude with MUSIC HATH CHARMS. Mr. David Fisher. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5. No charge for booking. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Muni ly Boxes, - £l. Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, is. ; Front Circle Stalls, 35. • Fit Stalls, 25.; Pit, Is. ed. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, ed. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith: A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. — Proprietor and Manager, Mr. WIC BATTY. List Nights of " Ma zeppa." This Eveninz, Lord Byron's splendid Hippo-dram new of MAZEPPA AND THE WILD HORSE , wit enly and beautiful scenery, costly costumes , and appointments, introducing the largest stud of highly-trained Horses, Po nies, Buffaloes, and Camels in the World. To be followed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders of the day. Doors open at halt-Fast R, Performanee commence at 7 . Box-office open daily from 1 till 4 :ir w Stage Manager — 1 Mr. EST. Director of the Arena—M. Felix CONCERTS.- HALL C"----ANTEB,BUit EVERY EVENING, A Grand Selection from MARTHA, And Selections from DINORAH, TROVATORE, 3IACBETH, And numerous other Entertainments. Balcony, 15 ... Hall. 6d. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), and C. Marshall. The ETHIOPIANS, consisting of 17 performers (organised expressly for this Establishment). for the performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with Segro delineations, anecdotes, &c., in addition to the usual entertainments. The Fine Arts Gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.-Strx OFFICE, SEPT. 21, 160. THERMOMETER, TN THE SHADE. 66—this day at noon. 54—lowest this morning and during the night. 62—highest since noon yesterday. BAROMETER-30.07 ; still rising rapidly. WlND—South-Westerly ; light, with fine weather, It rained heavily in the night. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. This DA.T.—Morning, sh. 41m.—Afternoon, 6h. 4m To-uounow.-Mornini, 6h. 31m.—Afternoon, 7h. 3m, „,,, ,--, , ioar - -....,•'' ~,:i',:CT-i;:, ' - ' , ._ f:--;:• , -• ... ~ ~ , , e: a fi rie - gv .)__ , /' - i-y,:' , ~n--, " :, el a > . e-ft,;t: , „,, 4 t,4 • ,to ' --'!---', •t• -,,..ii'LP , -- • - 11""-------'1'” ~L~ ~«~ r ~., ti THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 21, 1860. Everything indicates that the military campaign in Italy will be soon over; whether the diplomatic campaign will not be a much more tedious busi- ness remains to be seen. The soldier's work has been well done and quickly done ; and it is re ' markable that it has been so done, as, at the same time to increase the already splendid military re- putation of GARIBALDI, and yet to show that his military skill was not the whole, nor even the chief cause of his success. Without it, indeed, no- thing would have been accomplished. It was the key without which the lock of despotism would never have been moved, or the spark essential to the explosion of the well-laid train ; but it is clear that everything from Marsala to Naples needed but his magic touch to show that he was right in coming. The easy conquest of Palermo and Mes sina after the two hard fought little battles of Calatafimi and Mg.lazzo, the defection of the troops melting away everywhere as he approached, the enthusiastic joy of all the inhabitants, as they felt sure of safety from BOURBON tyranny, are all so many evidences that GARIBALDI had a moral right to be where he was. He met with enough resistance from numerically supreme forces to show that he was the GARIBALDI of the Defence of Rome, and of the Alps, and of South American fame, too—but also with such universal welcome as proclaimed to all the world that his military prowess was successful against such odds, because every Italian was his friend, and his spy on the movements of his enemies. In the North, the Sardinian Generals have had the same aid from popular sympathy, but it cannot be denied that their numbers also have given them the advantage. And this was quite right. It was the duty of VICTOR EMMANUEL if he entered the States of the Church to do so in such force as to save bloodshed, by expediting the campaign there. He probably sent as many men as was consistent with not leaving Lombardy quite ex posed to the Austr ians. Happily the results have altogether corresponded with the ad vantages he possessed and with the goodness of his cause. In no single town, in no meeting i n the field, have the mercenaries proved a match for the soldiers fighting in, and for their native land. The accounts of the last great victory ever LA MORICIERE are fully confirmed, and that General, an importation himself from France, or from her half savage colony, eannot, without succours, hold out long in Ancona. The fifty days he talked of a week ago will probably not amount to five. As to succours—whence is he to get them ? Austria, prudently for her own interests, is wiser than to move, and the poor Ring of NAPLES has quite enough on his hands. The campaign in his direction will also surely be a brief one. GARIBALDI may not be very well equipped for the siege of places like Gaeta, or even Capua, but as the garrisons are already deserting._ we may well expect that there will be no fighting, or only nominal fighting there, and the programme will probably be the same as at St. Elmo—on the approach of the terrible general the KING'S heart will fail him, he will step again on board his Spanish frigate—the troops will hesitate a little till he is out of sight, then up will go the Italian flag, with a tremendous salute in honour of GARI BALDI. So certain does this, or something like it, now seem, that already the interest of the public is fix• ing itself on what is to follow the complete libera tion of Naples, and of all the States of the Church except the "Patrimony of St. Peter," t en a n t e d a t present by the French in the name of the Papacy —not PSI. GRANDGTJILLOT assures us, of the tem poral rule of the POPE. Still it would seem that the French are careful, at present, to keep this little patrimony for the successor of the Fisherman ; and some persons appear very anxious lest the determination of GARIBALDI to proclaim the annexe tion of Naples from the Quirinal should bring him into collision with the French at Rome. We can hardly feel more sure of anything than that atm- BALM will never so commit himself; and that for the very ample reason, that we believe GARIBALDI to have, at the very least, as much practical sense as any of us English Editors. He can assuredly see as plainly as We can the absurdity of his mea suring military strength with France; it would, indeed, be_liardly "magnificent," so very far would it be from " war." To us it seems simply ab surd to suspect GARIBALDI of such madness. When he resisted the French at Rome before, he might reasonably hope that the French Republic, when it saw that it had been deceived, and that their soldiers were resisted not welcomed at Rome, would have recalled them. He did not perceive that the President was thus buying the support of the French clergy. But, now, he must well know that French pride would never suffer its soldiers to be driven out of the place they have held so long. We can hardly doubt what th e real -wish of the EMPEROR and French stat esmen is. It Is doubtless proclaimed in the exhortation to the POPE not to flee, although. his doing so would liberate France from all political complications in connection with Rome. Just as another French object is proclaimed in another positive denial— the denial that France looks for compensation, in Sardinia and Elba, for permission to Piedmont to anne x Sicily. Nothing more likely, says ever y reader to himself, as he reads the denial, that its meaning is just the same as that of similar denials about Savoy and Nice: France must be heartily sick of supporting the unpopular temporal power of the PoPE. We must say, too, in her favour that she has not been wanting in counselling such re forms as would enable her to withdraw her soldiers consistently with securing the POPE'S safety, but that all such advice has been treated with con tempt. The POPE has been again and again solemnly warned by the EMPEROR that the occu pation must cease in no long time ; that, indeed, Europe would not tolerate it. If only a way could be found, we can hardly doubt that the French would now gladly withdraw from Rome, and leave to become the capital of the new Italian King- dom. On the present state of the difference between CAVOUR and GARIBALDI, we say nothing at the moment, because we cannot feel sure of the truth of the statements respecting it. There is, as yet, con siderable doubt whether such a letter has been sent by GARIBALDI to the KING insisting on his dis missal, as reports have asserted. Some of the best informed persons in Italy, indeed, have assured ug, that the difference is all apparent,and that the gene ral and the diplomatist quite understand each other. We quite agree with those who think that Italy cannot yet dispense with either of these very dif ferent, but very able men. GARIBALDI is the man to command English sympathies, but we have also in this country a strong impression that CAVOUR is the man to work difficult questions through the Courts of Europe. Is there not, how ever, an understanding quite satisfactory and mu tual between the French EMPEROR and the King of SARDINIA, and are not GARIBALDI and CAVOUR, both in the secret ? King of Sardinia is a title involving no sacrifice in parting with it, but that of one of the objectionable tricks of the Holy Alli ance. Elba has peculiar Napoleonic associations. It would cost him who surrendered his historical Duchy of Savoy no pang at all to part with Sardinia and Elba, if he could assume the position of King of Italy, with Rome for his capital. And if the two Monarchs liked the arrangement, we now know that the consent of Europe will not be asked. The inaugural " Address from the Throne," de livered by the King of HOLLAND, on the 17th instant, upon opening the Legislative session of the Hague in the presence of the Princes of his Household, is certainly, all things considered, very curiously suggestive. It is full of contrasts, of antitheses, of contradictions. The erect of some among these, being so broad, when viewed from our own point of view, as to be almost ludicrous. In regard to some of the particulars touched upon by his Dutch MAJESTY, in truth, it is nearly im possible to believe that we are reading of any serious ceremonial—the bearing of the facts speci fied pointing rather, it would seem, to an elaborated travestie of courtly pomps and parliamentary cere monials of larger import, of loftier elevation, and altogether of a more ambitious character. As if bent resolutely upon doing these things by the rule of contraries, the members of the Dutch Etats Generaux assemble together for the commencement of their legislative session in that early autumnal season which among other European races usually witnesses the close of the parliamentary sittings and the dispersion of the popular representatives. While the Lords and Commons of England are stalking after the deer and bagging the grouse in the Scotch highlands—while they are sipping the chalybeate and rattling the bones at the German watering places—while they are risking their necks, it may be, in parties strung together upon a rope like loose onions among the crags and glaciers of the Alps or the Tyrol—the Dutch legislators are assembling, in the second or third week in Septem ber, to listen with loyal attention to the Speech from the Crown solemnly inaugurating the most ill-timed legislative labours in Christendom. Not one momentary qualm, however, appears to have crossed the Royal imagination under these untoward circumstances. His Imperial cousin of France might be disporting himself in the midst of holiday splendours now amongst the Savoyards and Nizzards, now amongst the Corsicans and Alge rines. His Royal sister of England might be on her way back from her annual repose and seclusion at Balmoral—her Britannic MAJESTY might be on the eve of a gay, unwont e d, supp l emen t ar y excur iiion to Saxe Coburg, for the purpose of meeting her Royal daughter and grandchildren. Other Euro pean Sovereigns might be enjoying the otiuns cum dignitate, or the dolce far niente, earned by the earlier toils of the ad vancin g year , might be luxu riating in retirement and relaxation —saving only, let us say, such a prince as BOmEiNo, ex-King of Naples, driven by his own subjects to make a sea voyage on the shortest notice and at the utmost personal inconvenience—or, again, such anoth er prince as the 1?e Galantuomo, otherwise the King of ITALY, or, if the phrase be liked better, the King O f tho Italians, that Soldier-Monarch who is summoned every now and then by a new principality of his gradually ex panding and expanding dominions to come and ride sword-in-sheath through the flower strewn cities of his fair young realm born of the old classic peninsula ! Notwithstanding the contrast presented by his own position among those and the rest of the varied rulers of Christendom, the King of HOLLAND can yet aver to his Legislature with perfect sincerity, that he can only with feelings of profound grati tude inaugurate thus in the full flush of the autum nal holidays the customary labours of the Dutch Parliament. Under the protection of Divine Pro vidence, his MAJESTY adds, with somewhat wise ambiguity of phrase, " our dear country, that rank which is assigned to it amongst other states " without specifying what precisely that rank may be even by an i nuen d o —" O ur re l a ti ons ," he con tinues, " with all the powers are based upon reci procal friendship." An intimation fraught, of course, with pacific significance to the nations of Christen dom. Remembering our own war budget (in this year of peace) dedicating the enormous total of £30,000,000 sterling, within the twelvemonth, to our military and maritime departments exclusively —it is almost ludicrously suggestive to read the next sentence i.n. this Speech from the Throne, de livered on Morrsday by the King of HOLLAND— "Our land and s ea forces continue to be placed in a position more and more to fulfil the obligations which are imposed on them." The KING addin g W hich it would be Well, indeed, have been as truthfully addressed a ifn a t s s c u o r u a l n a c e to our own representatives in regard to the mere method of our warlike expedition, viz.," The means which, by your co-operation, have been allowed for the defences of the country are employed with circumspection." The sentence immediately fol lowing having a remarkable applicability to that patriotic impulse in our own land, which, by a magic as great as that of the mythical. Dragon -teeth sown by CADMUS of old, has caused to start from the soil of England 150,000 Rifle Volunteers, his Dutch MAJESTY observing, in the sentence thus directly applicable, as we have just intimated, to ourselves, For a long time the necessity has been felt of establishing new legal provisions regarding the obligation of the inhabitants to bear arms for the maintenance of the independence of the State." The obligation amongst ourselves is happily al lowed to remain a purely moral obligation. Com pliance with its dictate is left entirely optional : it is none the less stringent or efficacious. On the con trary it has summoned together, as we have seen, within a few months, an enthusiastic and disciplined body of one hundred andfifty thousand VOLUNTEERS. Passing on from this cursory glance at the warlike department of the Hollanders, we find the Dutch KING regarding with complacency the develop ment of sanitary improvements, the extension of commerce, the expansion of the railway system, the advance of the physical sciences, the beaux arts, and of the belles lettres. The fibres of the web-work of electric telegraphy are spreading far and wide over his kingdom, he informs Europe ; a submarine cable connects Holland with -Friesland. Every where, in effect, the Royal Speech indicates the irresistible progress made and making by the genius of modern civilisation. MAGISTERIAL CHANGES.—Mr. Corrie, of the Clerkenwell police-court, will succeed the late Mr. Jardine at the Bow-street police-court. It is has been stated that Mr. Selfe, of the Thames police-court, would succeed Mr. Corrie, but such a change was never contemplated ; and it was settled on Saturday last that Mr. Corrie would succeed the late Mr. Jardine as one of the three magistrates at Bow street. Mr. Corrie's successor has not been named. It has been rumoured that Mr. Yardley, the senior magis trate at tho Thames police-court, will succeed Mr. Corrie, and that a new magistrate, not yet appointed, will succeed Mr. Yardley. Such an arrangement has been pending, but nothing definitive has been determined upon. THE SECRETARY TO THE TREASURY ON PUBLIC AFFAIRS.—In an address forwarded from London to the electors of the Northern Burghs, Mr. Laing, M.P.,'says:— " The fact that throughout the vicissitudes of a long and eventful session no serious wish has been shown by any considerable party, either in the House of Commons or the country, to displace the present Administration, affords the best proof that on the whole it represents adequately the enlightened public opinion and prevailing sentiments of the nation. That national feeling is for the present directed mainly towards foreign affairs, and demands, above all things, that due provision be made for the safety and defence of the empire. The Russian and Italian wars, the Indian mutiny, and other recent events, have rudely dis pelled the confidence which, ten years ago, was so generally felt in the advent of a millenium of peace and prosperity, and have impressed on the minds of a vast majority of thinking men the conclusion that this is a period of proba tion and peril, in which the nation's best energies must be braced up to the paramount duty of maintaining at all hazards the gr eatness and:dignity of the empire.; We have received a noble inheritance from our fathers, and our first care must be to make such provision that, by the blessing of Providence, we may hand it down not less great and glorious to those who come after us. The volunteer move ment is at once the best representative of the national feel ing, and the surest guarantee for its continuance and re sults. In this state of things the duty of the Government is obvious—to guide and organise the movement of the nation ; to improve the efficiency of the army and navy, and fortify the dockyards ; but at the same time to avoid extravagance ; to preserve a tone of moderation with foreign powers ; to omit no fair opportunity of cementing friendly alliances by commercial intercourse; and, in a word, while prepared for war, to show that we wish for peace. Such is the policy which the nation desires, and which the Govern ment has endeavoured—not, I hope, without success—to carry into effect." DEATH OF SIR GEORGZ SIMPSON.—We regret to announce that letters have just been received by friends in England, announcing the sudden death of Sir George Simpson, Governor of the lludstia's Bay Company's settle ments, which happened at his residence, La Chine, near Montreal, on the 7th instant, a few days after he had so hospitably entertained his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and his suite. Ths illness of which he died was of only a day or two's duration, and at the time of his decease he was in the 69th year of his age. Sir George, as we learn from the " County Families," was the ( my son of the late Mr. George Simpson, of Lochbroom, Ross-shire, and was well known some years since as the author of a " Narrative of an Overland Journey Round the World." He had held the post of governor over the Hudson's Bay Company's settlernents . for upwards of 35 years. The deceased gover nor, who received the honour of knighthood in 1841, in reward of his zeal in fitting out several Arctic expeditions, married in 1827 Miss Frances Ramsay Simpson (who died in 18.53), second daughter of the late Mr. Geddes Mackenzie Simpson, of Great Tower-hill, London, and Stamford-hill, Middlesex, by whom he leaves a son and two or three daughters to lament his loss. Opinions may differ as to the policy of the Hudson's Bay Company, and of the effect of the large tracts of waste land that they hold for hunting purposes upon the commercial and agricultural progress of British North America ; but there is only one opinion as to the ability, energy, and uprightness of the public servant just taken from them, whose loss they will find it difficult to replace. DEATH OF GENERAL THACKERAY, regret to announce the death of General Fred. Thackeray, C.'13., colonel-commandant of the Royal Engineers, in his 85th year, at the Cedars,Windlesham, Surrey, on Wednes day last. The gallant deceased was at the capture of Suri nam in 1709, St. Martin's, and St. Bartholomew's in 1801. He directed the siege of Scylla Castle in 1806, and that of Santa Maura in 1809. In 1812 he served with the army in Spain, and was at the battle of Castalla and the siege of Tarragona in 1813, and remained with the army unil 1811. His commissions bore date as follows :—Second lieutenant, Sept. 18, 1793; first lieutenant, June 18, 1796; captain, April 18, 1801; brevet-major, May 9, 1810; lieu tenant-colonel, July 21, 1813; colonel, June 2, 1825; colonel-commandant, April 29, 1836 ; major-general, Jan. 10, 1837 ; lieutenant-general, Nov. 9, 1816 ; and to that of general, June 20, 18:54. The gallant general had seen 67 years' service, was on full pay, and was a Companion of the Order of the Bath. _ _ _ SUPPOSED CHILD MURDER.—Yesterday Mr. Wakley, the coroner for West Middlesex, received infor mation from Birchmore, one of the summoning officers of the parish of St. Pancras, of the discovery of the body of a newly-born male child, who is supposed to have been murdered. It was found the day previous in George-yard, Wardour-street, wrapped up in a piece of newspaper; and the appearances were such as to lead to the conclu sion that the unfortunate infant had deep wilfully deprived of life. The body was taken to the Strand Union Work • house, Cleveland -street, Tottenham-court-road, where it awaits a coroner's inquest. The Rev.• James White, the well•known author of some valuable historical works, has now in the press a History of England, to be completed in one volume, uniform with the same author's History of France. From Mr. White's peculiar qualifications for such an undertaking, the work in question can scarcely fail to supply a want that has long been felt ; we have reason to expect from his pen a history that shall be at once compendious and sufficing, clear and impartial, and, in fact, both in style and treat • ment, leaving nothing to be desired. THE WIFE MURDER IN LlVERPOOL.—Yesterday, at Liverpool, the Borough Coroner held an inquest on the body of Sarah Neasham, who was murdered by her hus band, Thomas Ncasham, on Tuesday night. The facts of the occurrence appeared in our columns yesterday. The evidence given was similar to that adduced before the stipendiary magistrate on Wednesday. The jury returned a verdict of wilful murder against Neasham. TILE ROMAN " INSTITUTION" OF THE LOTTERY. —At the best, the apology for the lottery only amounts to this, that a little good is extracted out of a mass of evil, eating into the very heart of society, particularly among the classes laborious and peer, and stimulating the worst propensities, to say nothing of that consequent passion for games of chance, evinced in such sights as aro often seen in towns of these States, the thronged card table at low cafes frequ en t e d by th e l o w after dark at night and before light in the morning. If the glittering gin palace in Lon don streets be a reproach, not less so is the nightly illumi • Dated lottery office in Rome, open later than all other esta blishments, and under no obligation of closing for any fes tival. Poor families in this city lay by their little earnings weekly, to the privation of parents and children, for buying numbers to play; a n d w h en one o b s e r ves the degrading superstition among results astonishment is increased at the fact of the support by eccle s i as ti ca l gov e r n me nt of a sy s te m so odious. Divining, dream i n t er p re tatio ns , charms, are am ong the train of evils attendant, despite their belief; con demned dogmatically by the Church. "Il vero libro dei is a vile publication, sold at almost every stall in (without impediment from the ri gorous censors hi p that has h ei' as not spared Gioberti or Rosmini), a snare f ur igno rance, that professes to give its corresponding " lucky num ber" for every object that can be thought or dreamt of— even the name "Papa" admitted, and its appropriate divi nation in three numbers; and petre, cardinale, cardinalato, each with its number for gambling on—besides other terms grossly indecent. More deplorable is it that such supersti tion should he supported by any minister of religion; but the belief widely prevails, and is to a degree encouraged by those who should labour to uproot it, that certain of the mendicant friars have gifts of divination for the lottery. I was visited once by a friar, an entire stranger, who mysteriously intimated that, if I were a lottery gambler ho could tell me something worth knowing—for which I thanked him. Setting out one morning for a walk, in Easter week, when a pleasantly festal appearance animates these streets, I observed an immense placard collecting knots of readers before the walls, and approached, expecting the advertisement of come volume suitable to the sacred sea: oa. It was a " New Method of Winning at the Lottery," a cheap edition, with seducing promises in charlatan style. It is satisfactory to remember that the estimable Cardinal Morichini, when financial minister under Pius IX., recom• mended in a ministerial report the suppression of the lot tery, but Lie atiVICO Was ir.t Cath(fe LATEST NEWS. PARIS, FRIDAY. The liloniteur - contains the following telegram dated Algiers, September 19 : " The fetes given in honour of their Majesties were splendid. " The Empress, suffering from grief on account of the alarming state of her sister's health, was not present at the ball. " Immediately after the banquet their Majesties will embark, and will proceed at midnight for Mar , seilles, -where they will arrive on Friday about 4 p.m. TURIN, SEPT. 20. After the official publication of General Cialdini's victory the city was en fete. The illuminations were general. The journal Armonia of Florence has been seized for having published an article insulting to the Emperor of the French. TURIN, THURSDAY. The official Gazette gives a formal denial to the reports of certain letters having been received and answered by the King. Yesterday the Chasseurs attacked the German mercenaries at Montefiascone, and pursued them on the road to Viterbo. Baron Talleyrand left for Paris yesterday. CASERTA (via LEGIIORN), TUESDAY. It is expected that Capua will capitulate to- morrow. Garibaldi has appointed Signor Saffi pro-Dictator of Sicily. Baron Brenier will quit Naples on Thursday next. Mazzini, it is said, has arrived at Naples. Garibaldi will leave to-morrow for Capua. A republican demonstration, which was announced For yesterday, has not taken place. FRANCE. BOURSE, Sept. 20.—The improvement in the market yesterday has been followed by a further advance to-day, with a fair amount of business doing. Threes, for the account, which opened at 68f sc, are now at 68f 25c; Mobilier, 690 f; Orleans, 1,385 f ; Northern, 9COf; Mediteranean, 895 f; Austrian, 472 f 50c ; and Lombard, 473 f 75c. The following are the last quotations : 41 per per Cents 95 50 Do end month..., 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 15 Credit Fonder B9l 25 Belgian 4i - Piedmontese Fives 7B 75 Roman ._,. Bank Shares —l Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 686 25 Spanish Threes 47 50 Do. Account 686;25 j Homo Debt .. RAILIVATS. • Cash. Account. Orleans 1382 50 .. 1383 75 Northern 960 - .. 960 New ditto B7O .. Lyons and Mediterranean 895 .. 892 50 Geneva 347 50 .. 350 fi Southern 498 75 .. 497 50 Western Eastern Sardinian 383 75 .. 385 Austrian Loirbard .. . 472 50 .. 472 50 Tr vtli SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 21, 1860. ITALY. A letter from Turin, dated 18th of September, says : _ _ _ " Captain Trecchi has returned to Naples with the King's reply to Garibaldi's letter.. The reply was written without consulting his Ministers, as it concerned them personally ; it completely saves the dignity of the Crown. Victor Emmanuel speaks in the language of a Sovereign just hurt in his amour propre, as man and King. He points out that he knows how to resist always the suggestions and the influences of foreign Powers, even when menacing. ith more just reason he declares that he cannot comply with such strange pretensions, which come , from a man whose successes seem to mislead him. "It cannot be said what effect the Royal reply will produce. If Garibaldi persists in his projects and he attacks Rome while the Pope and the French are still there, the Government of the King will repulse the attack, in concert with its allies, no matter what may be the consequences. King Victor Emmanuel has placed himself at the head of the Italian movement to overcome and prevent re volution, not to support it. " The Sardinian Government is anxiously await ing the opening of Parliament. It hopes to acquire new strength from the votes of the representa tives of the nation to carry the policy which it has, perhaps somewhat hastily, adopted. The vote of confidence which will be asked for from the Chambers will strengthen the Ministry against political factions, and against the exorbitant pretensions of Garibaldi and his advisers. Full powers will not be asked for this time, as was the case last year, but merely discre tionary powers in matters clearly indicated, and more or less limited. The session will not last more than a fortnight. " The news from Southern Italy is by no means assuring. It may be said that complete anarchy rules in Sicily, and administrative disorder at Naples. M. Scialoja, who left eight days since to assume the post of Minister of Finance, is expected this evening at Turin. He had shrewdly guessed what would happen, for, before leaving, he had asked the Minister of Commerce to keep open for him the post he previously occupied of Secretary-General of that department. "Telegraphic communication between Turin and Naples is still interrupted, and there is much delay in the receipt of news. The Neapolitan army is in a complete state of dissolution. The Dictator left it open to all to return to their homes. The majo rity have done so. " In Sicily the executive power has passed succes sively from the Dictator Garibaldi to the pro Dicta tor Depretis, and from him to Vice pro-Dictator Paterni. What gradations ! It is now said that Depretis, opposed in his idea of immediate annexa tion, has tenderedhis resignation, and will return to Turin. M. Cordova, a dend of Count Cavour, and suspected consequently of exercising his influence, which is considerable, in favour of the Piedmonteso policy, was threatened by Crispi with a revolver. When he thought all was up, he received a despatek from Garibaldi, calling him to Naples. He declined to go, pleading illness as an excuse. "The article in the Constitutionnel, respecting the flight of the Pope from Rome, has created a great sensation here. The solution indicated is the one most desired here ; oily men do not consider what the consequences mi6t be of so serious an event, — that it might not be to the taste of all men, and might lead to the most serious complications. " Gen. Schmidt hat arrived here under a strong escort of gendarmes. He has been taken to the Hotel Feder, round which an immense crowd is as sembled, hissing and groaning. It is supposed he will be sent to the fortress. " Monsignor Bella has left for Venice. An em ploye of the Minister of the Interior accompanied him yesterday as fim as Peschiera." A letter from Naples, of the sth says :—" Gari baldi continues to reside in the Angri Palace, at the top of the Tolelo. He displays indefatigable activity. M. Bertani and M. Liborio are still his all-powerful counsellors. He issues innumerable decrees, and all are marked by sound sense. The Royalists themselves are astonished at what he does. Among other things he has caused the Ministry of Police to be separated from that of the Interior, and confided to M. Conforti, an eminent advocate, who was Minister iu 1848, and afterward exiled to Turin, where he obtained a seat in the Parliament. From the 12th of this month all the real property of the royal family, and all that played at the disposal of the Sovereign, or constituted in royal appanages, or illegally given t o the servants of the monarchy, has;been declared national property. It is probable that this confiscation will be protested against, and I do not defend it ; but one fact affords a certain jus tifiqation of it—Ferdinand 11., on ascending the throne, had no private fortune, and his father left heavy debts ; not only did ho pay them, but he amassed a sum of 80,000,000 ducats, that is to say, 344,000,000 f. ! How could such a sum be amassed if not taken illegally from the people ? The lottery is to be gradually suppressed, and altogether abo lished on the Ist January next. Perhaps this insti tution will be regretted, though if ruined the people by creating each week in their minds the illusion never realised of obtaining wealth without labour —but, whether regretted or not, it is to be sup pressed. In the same decree that does away with the lottery, the Dictator orders that savings' banks shall be established, and also that the employes of the lottery shall be transferred to that institution: , The letter also says : " Francis 11. is still at Gaeta, and, as may be imagined, seems very unhappy. He is to be seen wandering about the streets neglected and aban doned. Defections from the troops are continuing; the day before yesterday 150 cavalry soldiers at Capua went over to Garibaldi. Gaeta is like %city of the dead. The constitutional functionaries have been dismissed and the National Guard dissolved; and the persons who composed the latter have come ioNa,ples to escape from the brutalities of the popu lation. In a little time this poor town will be famished; for whilst at Naples bread has fallen to 5 and salt to 6 sous the kilogramme, provisions are there at fabulous prices." Another letter from Naples, 15th, says : " Among the measures taken by the Dictator, the abolition of the Jesuits throughout the Nea politan States has produced the greatest impres sion, owing to the immense number of priests and monks residing in the capital. The decree, dated the 11th, declares 'that all the estates, both personal and real, belonging to that order and its branches and dependencies, are national property.' But it would appear that Garibaldi had been anti cipated by the reverend fathers, who, to be prepared for such an act of rigour, took the precaution of depositing in an establishment called the Santo Spirito Bank (something of the same kind as the Monte de Pieta, but quite distinct from it) all the objects of value they possessed, and received cash in exchange, to the amount of three-fourths of their value. At the same time all their real estate was duly transferred to a number of speculators who thus became, for the sum of several millions, the real or supposed owners of the property of the Jesuits. The Dictator's decrees will, therefore, prove of no effect, unless means can be found to annul these arrangements." The same letter has the following curious narration : "The 1,500 convicts at Castellamare, taking ad vantage of the absence of the military, requested their liberty for one day. The officials, as you may well suppose, received this singular application with all sorts of restrictions ; but having no means of resisting the somewhat threatening supplications of the applicants, they hit upon the expedient of requiring each of them to give' his word of honour' that he would return at night. Wonderful to relate, the convicts faithfully kept their word and every one returned, without having done injury to any body during their short interval of liberty. A gen tleman residing in the neighbourhood, having some doubts as to the honourable intentions of the.. worthies, ordered his gardener to keep the gates closed and to be on his guard. It is altogether unnecessary, Sir,' said the man ; the convicts at Castellamare are murderers, but not thieves.' A flattering distinction, certainly. The red shirts of the Garibaldians are quite the rage at Naples. The young, men, women, and children of the lower orders have all taken to them ; but the Prefect of Police has since issued a decree which forbids the display, and renders to Caesar that which is Caesar's. The volunteers who have responded to the Dicta tor's call amounted to 12,000 the day before yester day. It is scarcely to be expected that the number will assume any great proportions here. The masses have no particular taste for a military life, the grand desire gf all being tranquillity. A Bat t ilion of Piedmontese bersaglieri and two companies of artillery hold the forts of the capital." A single regiment of the garrison of Naples re mained faithful to the King. It passed through the capital with drums beating, and with its arms and officers, as if the capital wag not in Garibaldi's power. This fact is not the least singular of the many strange things recently witnessed in that city. A letter from Berlin, in the Elberfeld Gazette, says :—" It is said here that in the event of the Pope being obliged to leave the States of the Church, he will, from among the many residences offered him, choose that of Wurzburg, in Bavaria. The Prussian Government has placed the Palace of Bruhl at his disposition. In no case, it is asserted, will the Pope consent to go to France." Another letter from the same place, in the Cologne Gazette, says :—" The representations made at Turin by the Powers against the occupation of the Papal States were very urgent ; however, they do not go so far as to assume the character of a protest, at least so far as certain Powers are concerned." NICE. The following is a list of the advantages which have been accorded to Nice by the Emperor during his short stay there. One or two of the items have been already mentioned :-1. The improvement of the road from the Var to the Col de Tenda, crossing through Nice, has been decided on. The road will be carried along the right bank of the torrent Paillon, and a bridge is to be constructed opposite the Place Napoleon. The total expense is estimated at 1,200,000 f., of which the State :will furnish one third. 2. Exoneration from the payment of 50,0001., which the town was to have furnished for the pur chase of the Imperial College. 3. The Emperor has ceded to the town of Nice for a prefecture the Imperial Palace which Victor Emmanuel had made over to the civil list. This donation is estimated in value at 400,000 f. The Emperor has also ceded to the town all the ground belonging to the Palace as far as the Place St. Dominique, to serve as the site for the construction of an hotel de Dille and a building for the archives. 4. The Empress left a sum of 10,000 f. for the Salles d'Asile. 5. Another large sum was left with the Prefect for the poor. 6. The Emperor has ordered the survey for a road between Nice and Villafranche, as far as St. Hos pice. This road will form a part of the imperial highway leading from Antibes to Genoa, between Nice and Beaulieu. The whole of these favours together represent a sum of nearly one million francs, for which Nice is indebted to the imperial munificence. Add to the above the two millions which the embankment of the Var will cost, and which is to be defrayed by the State; also two millions which will be expended in the formation and keeping in repair the imperial road from Nice to Barcelonnetta by the valley of the Var, and an other million to be paid by the State towards the works for the departmental roads, and it will be seen that the arrondissement of Nice will have been a very considerable gainer by the annexation. A passenger, on arriving the day before yesterday at the railway terminus in the Rue d'Amsterdam, found that he had lost his pocket-book containing 4,600 f. in bank notes and some papers of value. Fortunately the book was found at the Rueil station by an honest porter who delivered it to the station master. The latter made inquiries which led to the discovery of the person who had lost the property, and the porter was sent to deliver it to him. On receiving the pocket-book, the owner carefully examined it to see that its contents were all safe, and then generously gave back sf. for the finder. "It was I, sir, who found it," re plied the man, "and you will please keep your 5f., and hand them over in my name to the subscription in favour of the Christians in Syria." ELEGANT EXTRACT FROM AMERICAN LITERA TI; uu.—The following choice bit is too good to be lost in a New York journal, and we accordingly transplant it to our flowery columns, in order that the whole world may enjoy the rich boaquct of it :—" Male Gossips.—A female gossip is bad enough in all conscience; but a male gossip is, by all odds, the more detestable of the two ; spending his time in collecting, from street-corners, saloons, and busi ness places, all the parentheses of small talk, to scatter broadcast wherever there is a field to sow mischief. The male gossip is always a coward. - Tho toe of a boot is the best thing with which to point the moral and adorn the tale' of this venomous animal." The above is signed " Fanny Fern." We always had our doubts ns to Fanny's sex, but after the above choice specimen, we are now morally convinced that Fanny is decidedly It o gentleman. The difficulty then romaine :—Being 310 gelltlol4oll, is a lady F—Ttuich, LiTEIZATU_RE,. Lady Aubrey ; or, Tritat shall I do ? By the author of " Every Day." 2 vols. Saunders and Utley. The heroine of this work is a young and charm ing lady of fashion who is happily situated in her domestic relations, and whose great wealth has never rendered it necessary for her to restrain her extravagant tastes. Her father is a banker, and her husband's capital is lodged in his hands—a sort of private partnership existing between them. Owing to the defalcations of a confidential clerk, however, their bright prospects are suddenly over clouded, and Clara, Lady Aubrey, finds that eco nomy and retirement must take the Place of lavish expenditure and fashionable assemblies. She is greatly shocked at first, but being devotedly at tached to her husband and parents, she seen finds a practical answer to the question of " What shall I do ? ' by giving up her town establishment and curtailing her expenses in every possible way. They live entirely in the country with Mr. and Mrs. Colville, 'Lady Aubrey's parents, and after some time, finding further retrenchment necessary, they move to a lonely house on the sea-coast, which belongs to them. There they kindly assist the sufferers from the numerous wrecks that occur, and on one occasion, Lady Aubrey is the means of restoring an old man, who has come from America, and who subsequently proves to be the means of restoring Mr. Colville and Sir Edgar Aubrey to the wealth of which they had been unjustly de prived. Such is the main outline of the story, but great numbers of secondary characters are introduced —many of them in social or domestic perplexities, which cause them to ask " What shall Ido ?" The old story of the neglect and - coldness, experienced by those who meet with reverses of fortune, at the hands of former associates, is frequently introduced. The fascinating Lady Aubrey herself is no excep tion to the rule, since on many occasions she is hurt and affronted by the conduct of those who were before eager for her acquaintance, and who are in capable of rightly estimating the principles which induce Mr. Colville and Sir Edgar to make full compensation to all who were included in their mis fortune. The style shows a good deal of the extra vagance of an inexperienced writer, and there is a want of connection in the parts of the story which, no doubt, springs from the same cause. The crowd of characters introduced is too great, and the reader becomes confused by the number of beauti• ful, highborn, and estimable people hurriedly pre sented to him, and then withdrawn with the story of their lives half told. Thus we never learn the ultimate fate of Mr. Batson, and Mad Cholmon deley, though several chapters of the first volume are devoted to them. Still the purpose of the book is good and sound, and the reader cannot cer tainly complain of lack of incident or monotony. The elaborate pictures of wealthy mansions and the descriptions of fashionable life and manners will doubtless greatly add to its attractions in the eyes of many readers. Patriots and Filibusters. By Lawrence Oliphant, author of " Lord Elgin's missim to China and Japan," &c. Blackwood. Many of our readers are probably already fami liar with this work, which is reprinted from the pages of Blackwood's Magazine. The first part of the volume is descriptive of the author's travels in Circassia, and gives an account of the state of affairs in Central Asia and of Russia's progress and policy in that quarter. Mr. Oliphant considers that if we had transferred the war from the Crimea to the Transcaucasian provinces, and maintained the independence of Circassia, we should have been enabled to check the extension of the Russian frontier along the Caspian, and have thu3 defeated the long cherished designs of Russia upon Persia. The second half of the volume transfers the reader from the old world to the new. From the quiet valleys of Circassia and the wild Tartars of the Kirghis Steppes, he takes us to the .sugar planta tions of Louisiana, and the strife and contentions which have distracted Central America. It is curious to compare the two scenes of action, both suffering, in different ways and degrees, the horrors of war and slavery. Mr. Oliphant is already well known to the public as a writer of travels, and we have no doubt this concise and comprehensive little volume will find many readers. 4 MR. ,TOSEPII LOCKE. It was only yesterday that we were called upon to announce to our readers the sudden and prema ture death of Joseph Locke, M.P. for Honiton, and President of the Institution of Civil Engineers. It appears that he died at Moffat, on the morning of Tuesday last, of that acute disease termed the iliac Passion, a seizure by which is so difficult of treat ment and so commonly fatal. On the preceding morning he first became aware that he was not in his ordinary health, although he had been recruit ing himself at Moffat for the previous five weeks, as his custom was at this time of year, and enjoy ing the shooting in Annandale, which he hadrented for the last eight or ten years. As if sensible of his peril, he at once sent for medical aid, and Dr. Munro, of Moffat, with Dr, Hunter speedily reached him, and rendered him all the professional service in their power; but their efforts to mitigate the pain or arrest the progress of the disease were only partially successful. The seizure took a rapid and fatal course, and a little after 8 o'c!ock on Tuesday he died,—as we said above, prematurely as well as suddenly, for he was not yet 55 years of age, having been born in 1805. - It is, indeed, not a little remarkable that his death should follow so suddenly upon those of Stephenson and Brunel, to whose position it may be said he was legitimate heir, as the remaining chief of the engi neering world. Whatever difficulty there may be now in assigning pre-eminence to those who survive, the civil engineers had agreed in according priority to Locke, who succeeded Robert Stephenson as the President of their Institution. This position was un questionably his due as the chief representative of the Stephenson school, Locke having been the pupil of George Stephenson, the father, and first the co adjutor and afterwards the competitor of Robert Stephenson, the son. The independent position which he subsequently marked out for himself, and the great works he executed either singly or in con junction with his partner, Mr. Errington, equally entitle him to such notice as a contemporary memoir renders possible. He was born, it is said, at Atter cliffe, near Sheffield, and educated in the Grammar school at Barnsley, in Yorkshire, whence he was taken to be placed under George Stephenson at New castle-on-Tyne, and from him he learned the elements of his profession. After five or six years—that is to say, in 1826, George Stephenson became the chief engineer of the Manchester and Liverpool Railway, which it was now determined to commence. Joseph Locke was engaged at once on the works of this line, and remained actively employed upon them until its opening on the 14th of September, 1830. During this interval his experiments as to the right motive power were an important contribution to the success of this great work, and in conjunction with the Stephensons he was inftrumental in deter n-ining the superior capabilities of the locomotive. In the controversy which ensued on this critical question Joseph Locke took a prominent part. In conjunction with Robert Stephenson he collected the results, which they stated. in a joint pamphlet, and which may be said to have settled the practical ques etion of their time. Henceforth it was allowed, to use the simile of their chief, that the rail and wheel were " man and wife,': the wheel in question being the wheel of the locomotive. Rope traction was still used for a time in exceptional cases, and easy gradients were at first deemed indispensable for the moving engine. It was one of the boasts of Locke that he subsequently adopted lines of gradient far more steep than had ever before been held suitable for its powers. After having joined in launching the locomotive, he irsposed upon it its most arduous tasks. Shortly after the completion of the Manchester and Liverpool line the project of a railway from its Warrington branch to Birmingham was revived, and this line was commenced in 1832 or 1833. George Stephenson was at first the engineer, but the line was eventually co nstructed by Locke, and opened on the 6th of July , 1837, being then de nated the Grand Junction. It included some heavy works, such as the Dutton and Vale Royal Via ducts, and was the occasion of some improvements in the rails and their fixing by the use of the heavy double-headed rail and en key. But another boast of its engineer rasats marked commercial success, and the encouragement it afforded to the commencement of other railways by its construc tion for a sum actually within the estimate, and at a cost only of from £14,000 to £15,000 a mile. Capital was consequently invested largely in similar undertakings under Locke's directions, who had thus obtained the rare reputation of being econom ical engineer. The Lancaster and Preston'-‘ellaen line was thus commenced in 1837 , and was °D an in 184 0 , in which latter year the Sheffield and chester line was also undertaken. Some time pre vious to the completion of the Grand Junction line a railway from London to Southampton had been also named m e d engineer, commenced. andTo thhiiss chieflas a o t e t l e i tnieaisi wasen ua given eventually named engineer, and his chief atteition was given to its works after the completion of the Grand Junction. The first secti on o f t h e li ne, f rom Nine Elms to Woking, was opened on the 21st of May, 1838 ; and the whole main line was completed on the 11th of May, 1840, since which period numerous branches have been added. Of the works en t his South-Western li ne the AEC heldever embanknacn.e near Winchester, may be named as one of the prin cipal ; it is 90 feet in height. Economy in construc tion continued still to be a characteristic of Locke 's • • works, and a distinction which he 'strove zealously and effectually to retain. From Southampton it was natural that he should turn to France, where numerous projects were sub sequently set on foot by him as engineer —as, for example, the Paris and Rouen and Rouen and. Havre lines, which he completed ; a line from Paris to Lyons, constructed under another engineer ; and the Caen and Cherbourg line, which was opened in 1856. For the Paris and Rouen line he received, in 1845, the decoration of the Legion of Honour from King Louis Philippe. He also designed and super intended the line between Barcelona and Mattaro in Spain, and the Dutch Rhenish Railway, of which the final portion was completed in 1856, During the construction of the works on the continental lines Locke had joined with him as his coadjutor in professional practice Mr. John Edward Errington, and together they constructed the Lancaster and Carlisle, the East Lancashire, the Caledonian, the Scottish Central, the Scottish Midland, and the Aberdeen Railways, and the Greenock Railway and Docks. Notwithstanding the heavy works on the Caledonian line, it was constructed, with the platforms and roadside stations, for less than £16,000 a mile. This economy of construction was attained, as we have said, by the adoption of steeper gradients, which Locke deliberately elected, and rather from caution than audacity, sustaining the economy of his principle, subject to some qua lifications, in the face of many rivals. His early study of the locomotive engine led him to take great interest also in the engine works which were established at Crewe, and the " Crewe engine"— constructed on a system by which each of the seve ral parts of an engine is made with mathematical accuracy, and repeated in duplicate so as to fit in differently any engine —was the novel as well as successful result. To mark, however, the special grounds of his reputation, we should add this :—The peculiar cha racteristic of Locke's career was the firmness and. decision with which throughout all his projects he avoided the construction of great and too costly works. His viaducts were of ordinary dimensions, though some of them were of admirable construc tion —such as those across the bold ravines of the north of . England and Scotland. In every case they are exactly fitted to the places they occupy ; and in the same manner his bridges over the Thames and the Seine are distinguished for their adaptation to their position, the lightness and simplicity of their construction, and the elegance of their design. An engineer with such qualifications, and so re commended to shareholders by his caution and judg ment, united to his great talents, had naturally an eminent career before him. In common with the most fortunate of his profession he enjoyed golden opportunities, and, in conjunction with Stephenson and Brunel more particularly, he may be said to have completed the Triumvirate of the engineering world. He was its President, as we before men tioned, after Robert Stephenson's death. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society, and M.P. for Honifon, which he represented continuously from 1847. He was a consistent Liberal—independent, for he had so made himself by his own exertions, as the architect of a large private fortune, honour ably and fairly acquired by hi s t a l en t s an d by his services to his generation. A GERMAN MILITARY ACCOUNT OP TILE .IVEWTON REVIEW: The Allgenzeine 111 - tlitar-Zeztung gives an account, by correspondent, of the Newton Review, and of the rifle movement in general. A translation of this article will no doubt prove interesting to our volunteers, and especially to those who were present at the review. After giving a full account of the display, the writer says : " England, as, well as Germany, is arming to repel the attack with which Bonapartism threatens her ; the British volunteer riflemen arose from the same cause which made Prussia double the number le .0 of her battalions of the line. It will, therefore, bee of interest to the German military public to ieS: 7 "' ceive some detailed information on the present state and the fitness for actual service of the British volunteer army ; for this army, from its very origin, and in virtue of its fundamental idea, is an enemy of Bonapartism, an ally of Germany. A very few battalions excepted, this army of volunteers dates from the latter half of last year; the great body has not been put in uniform and drilled more than a twelvemonth. At present its strength, on paper, is 120,000 men, but if we may draw con clusions from what is the fact in some districts, there will not be more than 80,000 men really effec tive and drilled; the remainder take no interest in the matter, and had better be erased from the lists. If we consider that the great mass of the troops present at Newton consisted of corps which, counting one, two, or at the outside three com panies, arc not formed into permanent battalions, have no officers from the regulars, have been drilled by drill sergeants alone, axe], have only now and then been brigaded together in a battalion, we shall have to allow that the volunteers have done every thing that was possible, and that they are no longer on the same level with our civic guards. As a mat ter of course, the corps which form permanent bat talions, and are directed by adjutants from the line (for the adjutants, so far, are the virtual com manders of battalions), were also those which went most steadily through the evolutions at the review. The men upon the whole looked well. There were, indeed, some companies as puny as Frenchmen, but others surpassed in stature the average of the present British line. Mostly, how ever, they were unequal in size and breadth of chest. The pallor peculiar to the inhabitants of towns gave to most of them a rather unpleasantly unwarlike look, but eight days' encampment would soon get the better of that. The uniforms, some of them a little over-ornamental, made a very good effect in the mass. The five years' drill has taught the volunteers so much of the elementary move ments, that they may now enter upon skirmishing and rifle practiee. They will be far more handy at both these kinds of work than the English line, so that by summer, 1851, they would form a very useful army, if only their officers knew more about their business. This is the weak point of the whole formation. Officers cannot be manufactured in the same time and with the • same means as privates. Up to now it has been proved that the willingness and the zeal of the mass may be relied upon, as far as is required for making . every man a soldier as -far as necessary. But this is not sufficient for the officers. As we have seen, even for simple battalion movements, wheel ing in column, deployments, keeping distance (so important in the English system of evolutions, where open columns are often employed) the officers are not by far sufficiently formed. What is to be come of them on outpost and skirmishing duty, w w h h e er re e sjoudmgmanenyt other ergrdouiffindealits matters everyt hi ng' and are to be taken into consideration ? How can such men be entrusted with the duty of taking care of th 9 safety of an army on the march ? Govern ment has made it binding upon every officer of volunteers to go to Hythe for three weeks, at least. So far, so good; but that will neither teach him to conduct a patrol, nor to command a picket. And yet, the volunteers are chiefly to be used for light-infantry service—for that very kind of duty which requires the cleverest and most re liable of officers. If the whole movement is to lead to something, this is the point where Government will have to step in. All companies which are still existing—singly, or by twos and threes, ought to be compelled to combine together in permanent batta lions, to engage adjutants from the regulars. These adjutants should be bound to give all the officers of their respective battalions a regular course of in struction in elementary tactics, light infantry ser vice in all its branches, and the regulations affect ing the internal routine of service in a battalion. The officers should be bound, besides attending Hythe, to do duty, for at least three weeks, with a regi ment of the line or militia in some encampment ; and finally, they should, after a certain time, be all made to pass an examination, proving that they have learnt at least the most indispensable part of their business. Such a course of instruction and exami nation of the officers; further, a medical examina tion of the men, in order to weed out those who are physically unfit for field service (and there is not a f ew) ; and an annual revision of the company lists, for the removal of those men who do not attend drill, a n d w h o on ly play at soldiers and will not learn their duty ; if this was done, the 120,000 men now existing on paper would b e cons id era bly reduced, but you would have an army worth three times the one which now counts 120,000 men on paper. Instead of that, it is reported that the military authorities are busy discussing the impor tant question, whether it would not be desirable to clothe, at the first opportunity, all rifle volunteers in the so very desirable brick colour of the line." F &TAT. BOAT ACCIDENT.—An accident, attended with - fatal results occurred on Tuesday last at Duuoon, a favourite watering place a few miles below G reenoc k . It ` appear s that a party of ladies and gentl emen starte d 01 a sailing expedition up the Clyde, and when off Dumbarton Castle a sudden squall struck the sails and capsized the boat. Some men from the Castle gallantly sti uck out to the rescue, but in con se q u ence of a heavy swell running at the time were unable to render any assistance. We regret to learn that the whole party met with a watery grave. Tho names of the sufferers by this lamentable accident are ---Captain Pyne, Mr. John James Turnbull, Miss Julia Turnbull, Henry Reed, and Thomas Smith, the boatman. A public enquete is about to be opened for the formation of a boulevard round Paris within the fortifica tions. it is to be planted with trees at each side with foot paths, and will form a promenade round the capital of About 20 miles iu length, 0 i