The Sun. — London, England, 1869-06-03 00:00:00

'HE CO-OPERATIVE' CO! DRESS. The_sitting of the Co-operative Congress on Wednesday WAS under the presidency of Mr. Walter Morrison, M.P.; and the chief subject discussed- was " Co-opera tive Banks." The question, in the opinion - of the chairman, was difficult as well as _ important, and the chief obstacle to its being carried out to a successful issue would arise, he conceived, from the fact that co-operators would be unable td make up their minds to set aside a sum in the shape of remune ration sufficient to secure the services of efficient managers. The first paper read was by N. MOWER, Charge d'Affaires at Darmstadt, on " The Principles of Co-operation Applied to Credit." The proper application of co-opera tion, he said, must depend upon the proper applioation of general laws which govern the universe. The difficulty to be overcome did not arise from the deficiency of products in relation to population, but from a surplus, and the problem to be solved was the best method of distributing that surplus. If the classes working for wages could be placed in a posi tion to be accredited with capital, the problem to be solved was solved. The entire fabric of co-operative banks in Germany was built uron the theory that all that was required was to obtain a certainty—an approximate certainty—that the capital would be replaced with some additional value for its use. He proceeded to describe in detail the working of the credit banks in Germany, and added that he should be satisfied with the result of his . efforts if he had shewn that labour by assuming a corporate form might become a borrower, and enjoy in a legitimate way the profits of capital. In conclusion, M. Morier said he considered that one of the first duties of his profession as a diplomatist was not only to keep people from cutting each other's throats, but to impress the minds of statesmen—no easy task—with the impor tance of international co-operation. (Applause.) The Rev. W. MOLESWORTH read the second paper, in which he observed that the great cause of co-operative failure was that managers had not waited for its natural growth, but had tried to force it forward. In Rochdale, where co-operation had been so successful, the progress had been slow, gradual, and steady. Something might be done to advance the movement by intercourse between friendly co-operative societies ; much might be done by the action of such societies as the Northern Wholesale ; but much more might be done by the establishment of a co-operative bank on thoroughly sound principles. Such a bank ought to be managed by men who understood co-operation in all its branches, and it would be their duty to find out what societies wanted loans, and to give them on good security. In this way societies could help one another in the ordinary channels of business. The result of his observation had been to shew that the tendency of co-operation was to develops the highest business talent and the highest moral virtue ; and when the time arrived for the establishment of such a bank, men intellectually and morally qualified to superintend and direct its operations would not be wanting. In the discussion which ensued a large mass of irrelevant matter was introduced several- of the speakers, until checked by the chairman, persisting in elaborating points which had not been even hinted at in the papers read. Amongst the facts brought out worthy of note, it was stated that in Rochdale the capital in connection with the co-operative movement increased at so great a rate - that it had been calculated that in about twenty years it would be sufficiently large to purchase the whole town. The following resolutions were submitted by Mr. Ludlow for adoption: L That it is expedient to establish a co-operativebank ing and credit association, with a central office and branches ; and that, inasmuch as the business of banking is still excluded from the benefits of the Industrial and Provident Societies- Acts, such association be constituted under the Joint-Stock Companies Act (1862), with limited liability. 2. TI at the association he formed as nearly as possible on the pattern of the North of England Co-operative Wholesale Society, and he formed exclusively of co-operative societies, registered either under the In dustrial and Provident Societies Act or the Joint-Stock Companies Act, but no society to be deemed cO-operative which divides profits exclusively on capital. Provided always that trade societies of working men which may obtain a legal position may be admitted to become members of the association, either by themselves or by trustees on their behalf. That the business of the association shall be to keep the moneys of co-operative and trade societies, both on current accounts and deposits,:whethermembers or not, to discount the paper of co-operative societies, give gua rantees in their transactions, and transact other banking business. That moneys may be received on deposit at interest from registered friendly societies, benefit building societies, and individual members. After some discussion, the resolutions were passed. LAW AND POLICE. A CHARGE OF CONSPIRACY.—In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Wednesday, a case interesting to trades unions was heard. It was a writ of error upon a judgment on an indictment for a conspiracy of workmen aginst their em ployers. There were twenty-four counts in the indictment, most of them referring to the breach of the men's club rules and regulations. The jury found a verdict of Guilty, with four months' imprisonment. The main ground of the writ of error. was that the Act only applied to intimi dation of workmen: The court gave judgment for the" Crown, supporting the judgment of the court below. THE CORONER FOR WEST MIDDLESEX.—The tedious legal proceedings in reference to the coronership for the western division of Middlesex were forwarded a stage on Wednesday in the Court of Queen's Bench. A demurrer, on the part of the " Crown v. Diplock," raised the ques tion whether the proclamation by the sheriff in his county court—that Dr. Diplock was duly elected—was a judicial act which could not be impeached by a quo warranto. The court were of opinion that the sheriff exercised judicial functions, and gave judgment for the defendant, the coroner. THE CIRCULAR DELIVERY CO3fPANY.—In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Wednesday, an appeal was heard from the Circular Delivery Company against a conviction for an infringement of the Post Office Act. The company was formed for the purpose of distributing trade circulars and other printed matter for a farthing per copy, and the Solicitor-General argued that this was a contravention of the Post Office Act. The court confirmed the conviction, saying it was clear that the company undertook to do for a farthing what the Post Office would do for a penny. The company was expressly incorporated to carry on an unlawful business. They might be carriers of goods or packages, but not of letters. The case was too clear for argument. THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.—In the Judges' Chambers, on Wednesday, there were two interpleader applications on the part of the Sheriff of Middlesex. Executions had been levied at the mansion of the Duke of Newcastle, in Carlton House-terrace, at the suit of Mr. Padwick for £95,000, and at the suit of Mr. Beyfus for a further sum. The property on the premises, left by the late Duke of Newcastle, in which the present Duke had only a life interest, was claimed on behalf of the trustees under the will, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone and Lord de Tabley. Some other property was claimed by Mrs. Hope, the mother of the Duchess. The sheriff had obtained two summonses, and the matter came before Mr. Baron Martin, at Chambers. He said it was clear the Duke had only a life interest in the property, and allowed the claim of the trustees, and ordered that the sheriff should withdraw as to that property, giving time for the production of evidence as to the other property before he made an order. SUMMONS FOR CONSPIRACY.-Mr. Rigby Wason, late M.P. for Ipswich, applied at Marlborough-street Police court fora summons against Earl Russell, Lord Chelmsford, and the Lord Chief Baron for conspiracy. He complains that Lord Russell presented his petition to the House of Lords in which he made a serious charge against the Chief Baron, but the noble lord did not approve of the petition, and in the debate which followed he spoke in the Chief Baron's favour. The same complaint was made against Lord Chelmsford. Mr. Wason desired that the noble lords, in conjunction with Sir P. Kelly, should be charged with conspiracy to defeat the ends of justice. The magis trate refused the application, but at Mr. Wason's request bound him over to prosecute the charge at the Old Bailey. . 2FIiSCELLANEOUS NETS. LORD WRSTBURY. Great things were expected of Lord Westbury in the way of Cave-leader in the Upper House. But he has disappointed expectation by " seeing the error of his ways," and retiring from the proposed alliance. The London correspondent of the Manchester Guardian says of him : ` 4 The perfectly impartial disdain with which he treats the remonstrances and menaces of clubs and coteries is infinitely amusing. He quite realises and accepts his position, and talks and laughs about it with ineffable complacency. When he sat down the other night after uttering some sarcastic comments on the policy of his Whig friends, one of them is said to have turned round to him and audibly whispered, ' I say, don't you think as their new man opposite does not seem to do very well, there might be an opening in that quarter just now ? " I do not see how a man could offer himself who would not con descend to ask for a character from his last place,' was the scornful reply." ARCHDEACON DENISON ON THE SITUATION. The Archdeacon of Taunton is very irate. The Standard, as we have already mentioned, has coun selled moderation. But the venerable Archdeacon does not like this. He thinks it very sad that the leading Conservative newspaper is giving way. It is only (he pathetically declares) another instance of the old truth that the heaviest blows inflicted upon the Church are those from within. And then waxing indignant, he exclaims, " Compromise in politics is not very respectable ' • in religion it is to dishonour God and to rob God." In the course of his letter he gives his reasons for asking the Lords to reject the bill. He declares that the great functions of the House are to main tain principles and to prevent hasty legislation. If they do not throw out the bill they will do neither, they will allow to be taken from the Church "what is her own inalienably by gift of God." Does Arch deacon Denison then think it right for the House to set its appreciation of principles—for he must admit there are other opinions than his own honestly formed on the subject—against the principles unmistakeably laid down by the country ? And does he consider legislation hasty which has occupied the public mind during two sessions; and on which two Parliaments have pronounced their opinions ? ANOTHER PEER ON THE IRISH CHURCH. The unwillingness of most of the noble opponents of the Irish Church Bill, who are not official, to throw out the measure in the Lords, is very marked. Every day gives evidence against that course being taken. I'eer after peer has announced his intention of allowing the passage of the bill. To the number must now be added the Earl of Dartrey. He was invited by the Defence Association of Monaghan to join a deputation to London, for the purpose of asking the Lords to reject the bill. His reply gives the same reasons as those urged by the Marquis of Lothian why the Upper House should not refuse to endorse the policy of the House-of Commons "1 think it would not be wise of the House of Lords:to reject D. measure the principle of which has not only been affirmed by large - majorities of the House of Commons in two successive Parliaments, but alio has been submitted to the deliberate judgment of the constituencies of the empire. The answer to the appeal made to the country at the last election is, in my opinion, • So decisive that the H o useuf Lords cannot repeat the course which it took with respect to the Suspensory Bill last year ; and if a division should take place on the second reading, I must candidly state that, hc wever much I may dislike the measure, I should feel it my duty to give a vote in favour of it. I may also add my decided opinion that no action of the House of Lords can save the Irish Church ; if the measure was now rejected it would be returned again next year, but with terms more unfavourable to our interests than those embodied in the present bill, and experiende chews that ultimately the House of Lords must yield." - - It is stated that this letter, added to the coolness of Lord Cairns in the same direction, and the general feeling among the whilom " pillars of the . State Church" that the bill ought to be allowed to become law, has made the Monaghan Churchmen furious. THE IRISH PEERAGE. Attention is again called to the Irish peerage by a - letter from Viscount Southwell, an Irish peer, to the Earl of Bantry. The Earl wrote to the Viscount in this wise :—" I have been selected at the meeting of Irish peers, held at the Duke of Abercorn's, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lord Wicklow May I request your lords3s.ip's vote ?" To which the Viscount replies that it is a mockery to ask his vote when the Earl himself says ho has already been selected. The election of Irish peers, Lord Southwell goes on to say, is a sham. The " represen tatives" are all chosen by a prior public meeting, and are usually nominated by one man. Some time since the Duke of Wellington was 'he nominator, the Earl of Derby has since had the privilege, and now the election is conducted at the Duke of Abercorn's. I (says his lordship) " desire to see the representative peerage of Ireland reflect in seine degree the opinions of the great majority of the Irish people; until it does so it can never attract ti: respect and confidence which the English peerage enjoys in England. While the elections to the Irish representative peerage are so managed as to exclude from them any true representative quality, I must be excused for declining to take any part in them." EARL SPENCER. The second rumour about Earl Spencer's resigna tion turns out to be no better founded than the first. Really the Lord-Lieutenant must not continue to pay his household bills weekly, or we shall be one day having a 'Ministerial crisis, and a grand smash-up of the Liberal party, without their knowing any thing at all about it. A NEW PEER. Mr. Gladstone is about to make his second peer. His first was an eminent lawyer. Sir James Wilde, created Baron Penzance, purely for legal merits. The second is an Irish landowner and political adherent. Colonel Greville-Nugent,is descended from a younger . branch of the Earl of Warwick's family, and was married to the only daughter of the present Marquis of Westmeath, a very strong opponent of the Irish Church Bill. Colonel Nugent is 48 years old. He was first returned for-Longford County in 1852. He has been returned for the same constituency ever since, and on every occasion, except one, without a contest. On that occasion (1857) he won an easy victory over the Conservative candidate, the Hon. Captain Forbes. Colonel Nug en t i s an advanced Liberal, being in favour of tenant-right and the abolition of the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill • and is, in fact, the very antithesis to ,his father-in-law. Government will' find it mo:e easy to carry their candidate for Longford co•anty than they found it seven years ago when I;zzd Palmerston's Irish Lord of the Treasury, CaV,Aln White, was ignominiously beaten by Major Q.-Reilly. DIPLOMATIC C 0 SSIP. The . Owl Understands that inquiries are likely to be made as to the' disposal of the secret service money annually placed at the disposal of our Foreign Secretary. The amount is no less than £30,000. Earl Russell,• when he presided . at the Foreign Office, always refused to employ the money in obtaining information surreptitiously at foreign courts-. Some portion of the fund is allotted to the payment of pensions not provided for by Act of Parliament. Other gratuities are given to officials already. amply provided for, in vio lation of constitutional rule. The Owl hopes that this last relic of official corruption will soon be exploded, as the - Dure - atuNoir:Vilich formerly existed at the Post Office lately was,- - Two diplomatic posts are now at the disposal of the Earl of Clarendon—that of Minister to Spain, vacant by the resignation of Sir John Crampton. and that of Marge cre'aires to the republic of Venezuela, vacant by the death of Mr. Fagan. In both instances the gentlemen appointed should understand finance, for both countries owe us money which they are rather slow to pay. POSTAGE OF NEWSPAPERS. According to the Owl, the Post-office authorities have made up their mind to reduce the postage upon newspapers to one halfpenny, and are now making inquiries in order to give effect in the ensuing year to the generally -expressed wish of the House of Commons. MR. LOWE AND " FIVE QUARTERS." .. He contends Mr. Lowe is a misunderstood n thitt practically he is right in that a man pas Mr. five Huntcitt quarters r e s an, one year, t see it. Writing to the although raay Pa Times, the Chancellor of the Exchequer sas s :...._ . " Wherever four quarterlypayments are mad . , 3a by adding a single day to the year, which is.no -.'Ullytyi increase of burden, make out that five qu a Vt r e a r ct s . l 2t paid within the year. Indeed, if a raan ..7 e paid ,-, i -, . the last quarter of hia oft on the 20th of WALT WTTlfa.N:— la ;tit " Whaman, the Amen- April, 1868, and on the 19th April, 1869, which can poet, completed his fiftieth year on the last day of may very well happen, he would under the present sys- May. He occupies a third-class clerkship in the Attorney- tem pay literally, and it amtraerl hardship, live General's office, at Washington. A journal of that city rg i a s r ts teg n ir e i r r t t l y e efirlf it i present plan ; if it issn'o'Pgartita.i hardship General's describes him as "a robust figure, six feet high, costumed charge against me. The proper way to look at p tha l .c s a n s: in blue or grey, with drab lint, broad shirt collar gTey is to le a v e out of the question the payment i n " A pr i l white beard full and curly, face ne a red appl e , blue eyes, 1 27 e, u a n 'l ge c r .h eitti s er f s ( 3 l s . team, past old .e o a r r ihe a n n e d w, 1 4 11 1 1 1 1: com bs . and a look of animal health more indicative of *finting or pare them from that date. Suppose a man hasl:2o income boating. than the department office or author's desk." M r tax to pay. On the old svatem lie will pay £lO in October,; Whitman is about to publish a revised edition of his poems, 43 , 9 d le i! ` s ne in w J s a ys ni t i e a m ry b l e S7 w o ii:£spaiyn A-glin","4"-nttaortyal,l2 a: lding some .new 01105 on religious themes. He will also Compare the two. - dily-the new plan he gains the use of publish...hula , the-sulnMer a prose work entitled " Demo- . c a lO nn f a rom October to January, an d loses the use of 25 from P ry to April • and se' lit cadr; the use • of or interest cratic Vistas." .' - 'tia - 25-01 - t one'quarter's ' . a is, income- tax—for three THE PATENT LAW. , ,;.--The patent laws serve one i montl.s. How, then, can it be truly said that the new ,_ . Lan is more burdensome to the taxpayer than the old? purpose at least—they provide salaries for the law , offiiers : a the contrary, it is evidently a relief, in 'spite of the of the Crown. It is estimated that in the current year payment of five quarters of income tax in the •- ' " 3 ear. f, , es A inc.iinting to more than £12,000 will be paid to the MR. DISRAELI'S ECCLESIASTICAL APPOINTMENTS. English Attorney. General and Solicitor-General for Mr. Disraeli present e d some o f 11l • s favourite .-clergy examining . and passing patents, and more than 1.0 0 0 men to the Prince of Wales at the levee on Tuesday; guineas to tbeir clerks. £3,450 will also be payable to the : That is to say ho introduced to H.R.11. several of the Scottish and Irish law ofricers and their clerks, ae com• ecclesiastics whom he promoted during his tenure of pensation for their not being now allowed a share of the office. .These included the Very :Rev. Dr. H. L. spoil. The salaries of the clerks in the Patent 01'60, and Manse], Dean of St. Paul's; the . Right. - Rev; '1 1. ,payments to gentlEir.3:o, who abridge_ spe,:ificati*3 of Magee, Bishop of 'Peterborough; the . Izeik—:-Dr. - patents aer, 7.1. - cach, will al:scrb. =I.VC,G. in the year ;:aid Bright, Ca:loft of Christ. Ohara, dud. Ilegilv :7 ,Pr o _ R:::,000 W:11 lae devoted to . printing and. drawi44.-te 1 PrQ 4 4 :essor of Ecclecasstical History ia the I.7.nik - arsity explain patet2A. ' : '7 - . . . ------ 7 --- lOf trifo4 ; and the Bev. Dr. F. E. Leigliton,WFd e u _ _ _ • • ....., -....,.. i ItAg_Souis College), Oiforcl, Cane of I,Vestue lr . . • THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY Abbey. DieMier the Areneisnop or Liantereury iiur the Bishop of London, .both_ of whom Mi. Disraeli' nominated, was present at the lev 6e. ))r. Tratchard, who was appointed to the Bishopric of Mauritius during Mr. Disraeli's tenure of office, viral introduced by the Duke of Buckingham, who was at . the time Secretary of State for the Colonies. EMIGRATION. Some statistics of emigration have already been published. The Liverpool Mercury publishes some further figures. From these it appears that 27,000 persons left Liverpool during the month just expired, and these chiefly took passages for the United States. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. Mr. Gilpin has been cheated out of his due. He has been canvassing and enforcing the need for the abolition of capital punishment. He has brought in a bill on the subject, and fixed last night for its second reafliiim. Now the Queen' s bi r thd a y has inte Tened, the House has adjourned, and the member for Northampton finds himself by cruel fate for the present prevented from stopping what ho believes to be " judicial murders." Moreover, busi ness is so pressing that Mr. Gilpin's motion is likely to be suspended for some time. AMDISSION OF WOMEN TO DEGREES IN MEDICIN , Dr. Drysdale, a member of the Royal College of Physicians, has written to the Star respecting the admission of women to the medical profession. A short time ago he asked the permission of the Dritish Medical Association to inaugurate a clismssion on the subject, but the council unanimously decided that such a discussion was inexpedient. Dr. Drysdale from this concludes that most of his medical brethren in London are against the introduction of women into the rani s of medicine, but he believes they will eventually alter their opinion. Dr. Drysdale has failed in attempting to secure medical experience for lady students, the ladies who were attending the Farringdon Dispensary and the Metropolitan Free Hospital being refused permission to continue their ttendances. Ile has, therefore, advised his lady friends to get up a hospital or dis pensary of their own, where they can obtain prac tical experience. In many parts of the Continent and in America women can obtain medical degrees. RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ni naniaLL A letter published in one of the Berlin papers ahem that the doctrine of religious liberty is somewhat oddly interpreted in Prussia. The writer states that about the month of September last he had the happiness of becoming a parent. Objecting to baptism, he resolved that his infant should not be baptised. His objections were so strong that he quitted the Church of which he was a member; for the Prussian law prescribes that Christian parents cannot deprive their infants of baptism. But the Church Consistory interfered, objecting that the father was a Christian at the time that his chili was born, and that, therefore, the law applied to his case. A law court decided the question in favour of the Consistory. It was ordained that the child should be baptised as. soon-as the court had appointed a guardian. -Shortly afterwards a peifect stranger presented himself at the house of the parent, stating - that he'had been appointed guardian, and that he was come to exercise the rights which the law conferred upon him. The father refused to admit him, and he now writes to the Berlin paper, stating that he will preserve the inviolability of his -home against all comers, CRETAN REFUGEES. The work of conveying back to their native land the Cretans who sought refuge in Greece is completely finished. The Turkish Government has discharged the ships which it had engaged for the purpose. No Cretans remain in Greece except a certain number who have resolved to settle in the country, and these. it is said, amount to not fewer than four thousand. RUSSIA, ENGLAND, AND AMERICA. (From the Anglo-American Times.) If the Baltimore American is to be relied on, the conduct of the American Minister at Constantinople does not meet the approval of the Washington Go vernment, and this indicates a change in the policy of that Cabinet. In the last number of the Diplo matic ReView a mysterious letter appears without address or signature, but evidently from the United States to Constantinople. The writer alludes to the thanks the person he addresses has earned from the Emperor of RUSSIA. Granting everything that can be said against the Turks and everything that can be said in favour of the Greeks, he asks, " Is it your business to meddle therein ?" Allowing that it is, he continues, " In whose interest are you work ing, in that of the United States or of Russia ?" which he answers by showing that there is nothing Russia designs against the Ottoman empire that she does not design againA the United States—adding if the commercial statistics be consulted it would be found that it was the Muscovite who made the pro fits, while the Americans were cutting each other's throats—hence his reward should come from the En- PERM In an article in the March number of the Diplomatic Review on " Russia, England, and the United States," the relations of these countries are viewed from a point widely differing from that taken in America. The writer briefly, and truth fully reviews the complications, in whiCh England has become entangled through the folly of her statesmen, from the Declaration of •Paris,regarding privateers down to the rejection of the Alabama Convention by the United States Senate. At the bottom of these difficulties was the late Lord PALMERSTON, and the Review asserts that it was by the secret influence of Russian diplomacy that he was Originally placed in power. An investigation into the perfidies and crimes of the last thirty-eight years would prove that whatever has been done in that period was due to Lord PALMERSTON alone, and the key to any passing event must even yet be looked for in what he had prepared. After &bowing that " nothing was wanting which human ingenuity, if free to act, could have devised to render flagrant the discomfiture, the dishonour and the powerlessness of England," the writer turns to " an infatuation" in the United States scarcely less. The ground of American confidence, if stripped of phrases and of passion, is merely the bond England gave to Russia, in the Declaration of Paris not to attAck her enemy's trade. Atneri cans believe Russia to be their zealous friend and England's foe; but the writer asserts them therein to be entirely mistaken, and his reasons for this we desire to lay before our readers : " The emotions of Russia's mind have reference to her interests, and, judged by these, Russia loves Ehgland and hates the United States. Sho loves the one with all the afGction which preient well-being and future hopes can prompt, and hates the other with all the virulence that the fear of ruin can suggest. "In England Russia sees a customer ; in the United States she sees a rival. In the first she sees a docile in strument; in the last a hard and grasping freebooter from the moment her turn is served. Without the wealth of. England and her prosperity Russia would have little to sell, and uo revenue to support her array or carry on her system. "In the growth of the exports from the United States Russia sees utter and irredeemable ruin—a ruin that would have already overtaken her but for the fortunate internal convulsion (inexplicable to all but herself) of 1811, when already not only the grain, but the vary tallow, of the Western States were driving her's from the markets of Europe. " Russia must therefore have at heart the prosperity of England as the objct of desire second only to that of the destruction of the United States. " This is a position which is fundamental. No gilestions of passion agitate her mind, no matters of passing policy can interfere with a course dictated by the nature of cir cumstances, which to her are a necessity of existence. “ . 1 . et them not be deceived by what appears on th 3 sur -1 face in their intercourse with St. Petersburg, and the op ponent- action of Russia as directed :against England. : Rtissia, of course, desires to bind England dowo, so'thif, the shall be secured against the: possibility 'of - Iter ever employing her maritime pooer.against her; bitt tlris point attained to, and attained te throligh the inefurneettility of the United States, then will she desire to son England flourishing; aslave, it is true, but prosperous in trade and abounding in bank-notes, whilVt: by the very means through which the United States will have muzzled Eng land, namely, the ambition and the passions that will haVe been aroused, that country will become the theatre of in ternal convulsions. Thus will she preserve in England her commercial friend, and destroy in the United States her dangerous competitor.", Nor is it Possible to disguise the strength of the. Reriele.q. position. .There never were tWO countries„ between whom' a sentimental friendship was giit up, more at variance in principles and institutions and having interests eventually, if not at present, more diverse, than Russia and the United States. That most despotic of Governments has a " Mani fest Destiny" as well as the Republic —a supersti tion, even a religion, rather than a sentiment, with Russians. Her " manifest destiny" is to rule by the force of battalions and guns ; by trampling out free "thought and free action, dominating the world by vdicts. The . United States wuceiVe . 1.41 e the r6c - t-Oe , of this; and limit it only to"the Nolftlaern Continent, oi What AmeiicariE • tOp9sq, • when their power bOctitteiroyeryilatiltiiig, iii to cut f _EVENING,_ JUNE 3, 1869. their influence with free thou_ ght_and free action • within the law ; —individual liberty to the extent compatible with good government. - Two such con flicting motives must clash in the event of both at taining their objects ; and if Russia could succeed' its securing a dominant influence in the East and the Republic in the West, the material would be prepared for a great conflagration. But these are the mere conjectures of the future, while the Diplo matic Review deals with the present and the imme diate past. It is clear that as a grain-growing country Russia is the co:npetitor of the great Prairie States; and it is towards these States that political power in America gravitates. What Russia requireS, to_ produce grain enough to feed Western Europe, is Ocap carriage. If she can get Western Europe to construct her railways from her ports through her corn-producing provinces, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and lowa will be brought faCe to face with a powerful competitor. The full meaning of this cannot be realised at a glance, but its influence is the most hostile of all things to the progress of the United States. It implies the cessation of emigra tion to America ; it implies cheap labour for the manufactures of Western Europe ; it strikes then simultaneously both at the Atlantic States and at the Western States, hitting indirectly at the manu fac• urers of the one, and directly at the farmers and settlement of the other. The Government of Russia is the most profound in the world ; no sen itne:.t there obtains a place, for that powerful nation is ruled on the sole principles of self-interest, broadly as regards the empire, narrowly as regards the dynasty. To play the two sections of the Anglo- Saxon people against each other is no difficult mat ter, although when glanced at by an outsider, hav ing no interest in the little game, the folly of the race might appear incredible in permitting it. Two kindred people, having a language and literature in common, laws based on the same code, the same re ligion, and professing much the same principles of liberty, having identical commercial interests, agree to neutralise each other while played on_ by a country essentially differing from both, but radi ally opposed in politics, and competing in com merce with that one of the two whom Russia has artfully persuaded is its dearest friend and ally, while in truth it has a commercial interest in the welfare of the other. It is time fur Americans to consider wherein the progress of the United States and of Russia run in the same groove. Surely the ,elliance is not based on Russia being a big country ; on Russia having a " manifest destiny ;" or because Russia hates England ? Indeed, the more closely the subject is investigated, the more diffisult will be found the search to discover the reason for theroman tic attachment professed by Republicans for a great and wise but despotic power, having everything in opposition, but nothing in common. The views so hostile to Russia of the Diplomatic Review we re ' prcdace, but do not endorse. What the writer says is that the Autocrat has skilfully committed England into signing the Declaration of Paris not to attack her trade in case of war, while not only has the Republic declined to join, but its freedom thereby acquired has been indefinitely increased by the fatal precedent established by England against herself in the cruise of the Alabama, giving the only nation she fears at sea the greatest latitude to prey on her commerce, while she remains defenceless being bound by the Paris Declaration not thus to pro tect herself against the military powers. If it were not that both the principles and interests of the American Republic are, in truth, opposed to those of the Russian Empire, the position into which Eng lish statesmen have allowed England to drift would be such as to furnish little encouragement to the upholders of representative Government. It is painful to record that what has already been accom plished by the leading exemplars of that system against each other, as well as the chaos. which reigns in all the other Republics of America, might form the best arguments yet furnished for despots and oligarchies. Nor can it be gratifying to Re publicans to find that in the great debate in the Cortes on the question of a Republic versus a Monarchy for Spain, that America did furnish powerful arguments adverse to the Republican form of Government ; but we propose next week to allude more fully to this subject. revealing the saw-dust within, and danced it be fore the people as the bantling the country desired to-nurse. - On the other hand, it showed them their real 'grievance and the remedy, bidding them in words of wisdom, seek that in equity and fairness. Now people do not like to be rudely stripped of their hallucinations. When IsAIAH told Israel, in the language of sarcasm, what contemptible bits of wood were the idols set up to worship, doubtless he bitterly offended many, for though truth pays in the end, honesty is not at the beginning the best policy. The attitude of the New York Nation, in the face of the present difficulty, is in a small way like that of the Spectator during the Civil War; but we consider the New York paper to argue even more under the guidance of pure reason and untainted by prejudice. The effect has doubtless been very considerable, for false position after false position had all its fortifications demolished and the garrison left hare. It is at such a juncture that a paper so conducted is peculiarly valuable, for its arguments reach the leaders of its party, and they rule at Washington. No men, not so blinded by prejudice as to be unable to sea the force of its reasoning, could fail to be influenced, and it will be found that both countries in the end will owe no small debt of gratitude to that most ahle and most un biassed of papers. Several others in the American metropolis might be quoted as arguing the question with less of temper and more of judgment than those of the English metropolis, the New York Times and the Evening Post setting a good ex uuple. The New England papers are perhaps the most bitter; the Western are too busy discussing farms, pro duce, merchandise, and free trade, to take so deep an interest in it, and the Southern are almost indif ferent. It was the ships of Maine, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York which were de stroyed. A predominating marine gives importance to these Atlantic States, therefore their interests in the question are far more important and direct, while the Western view is towards its sentimental aspect as connected with an element of which they know little. In the South the position is peculiar, and this fact should not be overlooked in New England. There are no enemies aYankee has who hate him with such intensity - as certain Southerners, of whom we will take Admiral SEMMES as the exponent. The war was the expression of this feeling against the black Republicanism and P ur i tan i sm o f N ew Eng land, ;-Jt ,was SEMMES who manned, armed, com manded. the Alabama, and through - her was enabled to give so deadly an expression to his hostility. His book lately published shows unmistakeably what that feeling now is, and we can imagine the intense delight and satisfaction with which he regarded SUMNER'S.speech and England's reply. " This arm may be paralysed," he says, " but its acts still live, and work vigorously for the lost cause. I will not have commanded that ship in vain if through her means I have placed a barrier between New England and Old England, and charged mines destined to re kindle the flames of war against the party who have ruined, subjugated, and enslaved us." New Eng land then in handling the claims, so as to convince Old England they are used only as a pretext for war and an expression of undying enmity, is playing Admiral SEMMES'S game, doubtless to his extreme satisfaction, and those who think with him. It gratifies Catholicism, the next most bitter enemy of Puritanism, only in a lesser degree. Hence New England, in leading in this hostile expression of feel ing towards England, does exactly what her most bitter enemies desire. The people begin to see this, and in consequence the press has changed in tone, and there is nothing more distinctly announced in that section of the Union than the determina tion of America to preserve the peace. As we before observed, the West gives the matter little thought, and the South is indifferent ; therefore according to our summing up this is the tone now prevailing in America. The hatred which found vent in Eng land against the Federals shortly after the outbreak of the Confederate war hurt the North beyond cure. That sentiment found a tangible grievance in the depredations of the cruisers. Mr. JOHNSON was sent to England to adjust the difference . , and to express the deep sense of injury felt by the people. He did exactly the reverse, and in doing so goaded his countrymen into extreme irritation. That irritation found vent in tearing up the result - of his work, and still more in the phil lipic of a leading Senator against England. Imme diately after the nation cooled down with a sensa tion of relief, and some of its learned and wise men began to examine Mr. SUMNER'S arguments. ilow.•- ever fairly expressing the irritation of the moment, they were iound on examination to belittle calcu lated to uphold the demands, and the people now appear fogook on with indifference at their dissec tion. 'Where the speech really . struck hard was in England, where it has probably checked for many a day the then growing tendency of the peop!e to draw towards their American cousins.—An . glo- Ante eiette -Times. 71IE IRELEVG ix AMERICA. On the whole we incline to the opinion that the American press, often so insolently condeMned by ,‘ rowdy" English papers, is more moderate in its tone in discussing such questions as the A/etbcinitt dif ficulty than the press of England. In estimating the difference it would be unfair to leave out of the calculation that America is the wronged country; the sufferers in wounded pride, iu irritated sensibilities, as well as in material loss, being the Americans. Against this England can advance that the ignor ance of the nation on American - affairs was taken advantage of to mislead it at the commendementof . the war ; that while th e C on f e d erates l os t no . portunity of biassing English sentiment - toward; them, the North took no steps on the other side;, that a revulsion of feeling has been the consequence of the more accurate knowledge of American affairs gained by the war; and that on - becoming convinced of the wrong done to the North through the negli gence of the Government, England offered to refer the matter for reparation. The English can add with truth that the Minister selected by the PRESI DENT, unanimously sanctioned by the Senate, and instructed by a Secretary of State long in office, concluded a Convention on his own terms with their Government, which was received with contempt by the new Administration and rejected with but a dissentient voice by the Senate who sent him to England. if America has cause for anger she has at least act_d wide an inconsistency suffigient to annoy JOHN Bui.L. The question which has already used the produce of a pipe; mill to discuO, has now arrived at the utterly unintelligable stage whence there must be a fresh departure, for, no two Ameri can statesmen are agreed as to what the kernel of the injury was, or what the reparation should be. America fretted at Mr. REVERDY JOHN SON'S unwarrantable course in England; tore up his Convention and stamped on it, jusifying the act by a fresh indictment against • England, through the lips of one of her most powerful ora tors. Tuis England interprets as a challenge to mortal combat, as a proof that nothing England can do either in payment or in apology can satisfy a nation whose _clemauds rise with concession. Renee the argument adopted by a section of Eng jonrnals that in conciliation England is on the wrong tack, that the country must assert its man tic) id at all haards, and arm to fight. America sees JOHN BULL buckling on his armour with sur prise, the very idea of war being hateful. to her, with all its horrors in fresh recollection, and this is the position which meets the new Minister on his reaching the Court of St. James's. At such a juncture the tone of the press may b 3 watched with more than ordinary interest, and will doubtless fur nisha study fo r foreign statesmen as noticed in our previ,us article. The most absolutely impartial journd, under the circumstances, is unquFstiOnably to be found in-New York, - and fronour of 'the Republicans that rotirnal - rs a — leiding organ of the ruling party. — .While - ,the. Natioy..i.ttlgroughly Anlerican, and while deeply finpresed with the sense of the wrong done by England, no other paper, has so resolutely and skilfully put aside " flummery," blown away froth, cut through tangled matter, always keeping before its reader the true injury and the true redress.' We are convinced that any en lightened foreigner, alike in lifferent to both sides, would state that the views of, the Natif.qi- . W - ere his views forcibly expressed, and - those .destined to guide, if reason prevails, in arriving at Ta conclu .sion. To give the Nation its fair meed of credit the circumstances under which it writes must be understood. Preceding the delivery of Mr. SUM NER'S oration, Mr. REVERDY JOHNSON had gra dually heated irritation in America up to the boil ing point, and it . took that most difficult and dan gerous of forms —sentiment. Nothing is easier than to catch the popular feeling, to dilate thereon, to sell copies by the thousand, to be a great rational' journal having a magnetic influence, and exl)remii4g. iu the finest language public : opinion. !Nis is .what Mr. ST: 11:71::', did .! but what the Notia i n did, thmgh belonging to the . came party, was.o, gactly tilos. , r9vero !-;t- took his gigid squetikit4 doll, stripped it of a ll • its du &Wm ripped it - Ok 'en, . , IV ASHING 7 ON CIIT. Perhaps Washington more than any otlier city owes its existence to a theory. It was not like St. Petersburgh, or like Alexandria, founded by a des potic will for good and sufficient reasons (however unknown to the inhabitants) of situation, of national requirements, for political considerations, as well as of commercial advantages. Nor is it even *like Pe king, Which in some respects it resembles. Both are simply Government towns of Boards, Bureau; appointments, examinations, reports ; of office seekers and office-holders, free from every taint of commerce, but the centres, we imagine, of no small amount of intrigue. Why the site was selected no one knows, but George Washington himself chose the spot and planned the city, laying the stone of the old Capitol in 1793. The commercial centres of the emancipated colonies were too jealous of each other, as 'was the case lately in Canada, to per mit the selection from any one of them of the seat of Government, and the plan of a Federal Union was hostile to the influence which a great city of that Union could not fail to exert in case the Exe cutive were located there. Three thousand and sixteen acres were set apart for the seat of Govern ment on the left bank of the Potomac, between Rock River and Eastern Branch, 300 miles from the sea, extending 41 miles north-west and south-east, and 2/ east and soutb. It will readily be believed that a poor thinly peopled country extending over a vast space would not quickly fill up the ample bounds of a . city within which there was no par ticular inducement for citizens to settle without trade and without manufactures. There were a few great buildings and monuments, some very long and very wide streets, and vast spaces yawning between which induced the Portuguese Minister, Abbe Corea de - & I -ea, .to.ap'ply to. it.a name which has become fainons,i." The City of Magnificent Distances." I n .l 18 . 11 the•;BritisOurnt the Capitol with the Presi dent's house andlilorary of COngressioneof those w i s e acts which have;:so - iiitich tended to establish; the feelin*no.W.,n 0 , 1)66*ri0;14 - betiveen brotherly the kinsmen, - Jonatlilap and Bull. - Although waS built shortlY after, it Vis not tin 185,1 that the kquid edifice now called the Capitol was eominenc e d,Ahe foundation-Stone being laid by President P hi 1- more. It stands on 30 acres; in the - centreofthe • city, elevated so as to command an extensive view, and enclosed by an iron fence. The building covers an area of 4 acres ; : ,and the park around, tastefully laid out, and beautiftilly 'kept, forms a delightful promenade, adorned with fountains and groups of statnary. From this park branch ten of the greatest streets ;. Pennsylvania Avenue; which _ne, runs from Iti,ek Creek to Eastern .branch, j)eino• inter sected by it. That avenue is perhaps tlo-bro adest street in the world, at least for a mile and a half of itsfou.r,:beingl6o feet broad between anCapitold the the White House, shaded by rows of trees. The avenues . are called after the St a t es towards which they point; the longest being the Pennsylvania, the Massaclinsetts, and the Virginia. With the tiori of the Avenues, the streets from excel:l- m 70 to 100 feet in breadth, cross each other at right angles, run 'ding north and south, east an d west. The Execu tive-Mansion is situated in the centre of au area of %1 acres, adorned as is the with Capitol • th gardens and shrubberies., The Pennsylvani a Avenue leads straight from the groUnds of the C • anitol to those lof the" YV liio House, which is a two storeyed build ing of white freestone, with lonic pilasters, crowned with a balustrade. There is a lofty portico ou the north _front, and in a small square before it is a bronze statue of Jefferson, while in Lafayette square adjoining, is an equestrian statue of Jack son. The Mansion is 170 feet long and 86 feet deep, but within the same enclosure are some of the buildings of the State Department. On the eastern extremity is the Treasury, a stone edi fice, 459 feet long and 170 wide, with an imposing colonade of 42 lonic columns. In the north-west corner of the square is the War Office, and west of it is the Navy Department. The Patent Office is a magnificent building of stone, containing models of every machine patented in the United States, as well as a valuable collection of objects of natural history. The General Post Office is of white marble, in the Corinthian Order, 204 feet by 102, three storeys high. The number of the Executive Luildings is constantly increasing, and the great addition to the business of Government necessitates a consider able public expenditure in this way, which tends rapidly to add to the magnilu le and imposing nature of these piles. The City hall, the Hospital, and Gaol are near, and on the other si le of the Capitol, and not far from the Navy-yard, are the barracks. The Capitol is of marble, also in the Corinthian style, presenting a facade of 751 feet, with handsome portico and lofty dome. Its Ro tunda ;s 95 feet in diameter and 145 feet high, from which a splendid view of the city and sur rounding country is obtained. The ground of the city is undulating, with an amphitheatre of well wooded hills. 'rho " river of Swans," navigable up to but not higher than this city, swells broadly out, and dotted about are beautiful sites for villas and country seats. Beyond Rock Creek the lofty heights of Georgetown overlook the city, and there these villas are clustered. Adjoining Reservation No. 1, extending from the White House down to the river is a wide space, across a creek, called The Mall, whereon stand two buildings of great interest, the Washington Monument and the Smithsonian In stitute. Nothing yet built exceeds in heieht the Washington Monument, for from a circu lar colonnaded base, 250 feet in diameter and 100 feet high, springs an obelisk 70 feet thick and 500 feet high, making a total of 600 feet, being 100 higher than St. Peter's at Rome. Thirty massive columus e surround the base, which is sur mounted by an etitablature and balustrade, and in the centreis the tomb of Washington, while oppo site to the entrance is his statue. One of the most interesting buildings of Washington is the Smith sonian Institute, surrounded by beautiful gardens. It arose from the gift of an Englishman who be stowed an estate he inherited from the first Duke of Northumberland, his father, to found at 'Wash ington an establishment for the increase and diffu sion of knowledge among men. His mother was the heiress of the Hungerfords of Audley, and the donor's words were—" This (the best blood of England) avails me nothing ; the man of science is of no country; the world is his country, and all men his countrymen." It is of red sandstone, in the Roman style, 450 feet long, and 140 wide, with 9 towers varying .in height from 75 to 150 feet. Its lecture room can contain 2,000 persons, and its library 100,000 volumes. All this space it will require, for the number of its books, already large, is rapidly increasing. There is a president and twelve professors, including those of the National Medical College, under the same corporation. The bequest on which it was founded amounted to £lOO,OOO. Greenleafs Point is at the junction of the Potomac and Eastern Branch, and there stand the Arsenal and the Penitentiary. Almost at the other end of the . town, towards Rock Creek, but on the river, is the National Observatory, ranking only after St. Petersburgh and Greenwich, and from it Ame rican geographers take their longitude. Up the Eastern Branch, on the other side from Grtenleafs Point, is the Navy-Yard, while higher up still is a reservation, whereon is the Poor-house, Asylum square, and Marine Hospital-square. The Potomac is crossed by Long Bridge, which connects Jackson City and Maryland-avenue, leading up to the Capi tol. From Jackson city commences the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. The finest Church is an Episcopalian edifice called Trinity, on Third Street, but there are many other handsome anal elaborate structures. The bequests and gifts of citizens greatly help the Government expenditure in de corating and adding to the attractions of Washing ton. Scarcely a fortnight has elapsed since Mr. W. AI . Corcoran, a rich retired banker of that city, executed a deed transferring his spacious and beauti ful building at the corner of Pennsylvania-avenue and Seventeenth-street to be held in perpetuity as an Art Depository and Free Picture Gallery, to• gether with his large and splendid collection of pictures and works of art and back rents, which have accumulated for years, amounting to $lOO,OOO. The total value of the gift is said to be over $1,000,000, and it is to be supplemented hereafter by an endowment of $300,000. No sooner was this munificent gift known than Mr. August Bel mont, of New York, authorised the trustees ap pointed by Mr. Corcoran to choose twelve pic tures from his very valuable collection for the new gallery, to be known as the Belmont contri bution. On -the heights of Georgetown is a Convent of the Visitation, and near it the Bishop's residence. It has an ancient College, and a beautiful Cemetery called Oakhill. One of the finest struc tures is the splendid aqueduct, by which the water for the city is carried across the Potomac into Georgetown. All the grand hotels and boarding houses are on P ennsylvania-avenue. Though the District of Columbia was established as the perma nent seat of Government in 1791, composed of a piece of Maryland and a piece of Virginia (afterwards returned), comprised in a square of 10 miles on each side, or 100 square miles, the town was not begun till 1793, nor the Government removed from Philadelphia till 1800. For a long time it was a city of mud, magnificent distances, and magnifi cent pretensions. It was easy to call it the capital of a nation, but it was hard to make a city of it at all. The inhabitants were composed of office holders,- office-seekers, and speculators in " real estate," and in less than two years after the re moval of the Government a proposition was made by Mr. Sloan, of New Jersey, to go back to Phila delphia and defeated in the House by only 'two votes. The state of society may be imagined, when he declared in his place that he had been threatened with assassination if he did not abandon his motion. The investors in "real estate" did not fancy such an end as the reward of their patience, their time and energy being all expended in endeavouring to get appropriations out of the Treasury to build up the city. Early in its career it became a stronghold of slavery, and but for the slaveholding influence the project would have been carried of returning the Government to Philadelphia. So strong was the pro-slavery feeling that a prudent Abolitionist, unless urged by necessity, gave Washington a wide berth. This .was the case up to the election of Lin coln, and during the civil war the principal inhabi tants were Southern in sentiment: They gloried iii Sbuthern triumphs, and though many were large .owners of property in - Washington, when the city was threatened by the rebel armies - , they'favoured its capture. , The success of the South must have been the annihilation of 'Washington ; the success of the North makes it an important city; but the Southern sympathizers could not see this. Within eight years Washington has made a great stride, filling up gaps intersecting the wide views of space. The magni tude of the Governmental machinery following the prodigious expediture during the war, and the cen tralization resulting from the defeat of the Statcs Rights - .question, have tended to add to the import ance of a town -now losing the characteristic sneer ingly given to it by the Portuguese, of " the city of 'magnificent distances." To-day its aspect differs vastly from what Tom Moore so truly wrote of it sixty-five years ago— " The embryo capital where Fancy sees Squares in morasses, obelisks in trees." Washington is destined to be a great city unless the seat of Government be again removed, which be comes less and less probable with the increase of population and the enormous disbursements in per manently establishing so vast a Government. It contains somewhere about 65,000 inhabitants with something under 15,000 in Georgetown, and both enjoy the peculiarity of alternating from the most crowded to the most empty of towns, now filled by an excited. .throng crow bas9)p.ent. to gar re t,- now growing crops of grams in their &lead etreete. SPIRIT OF THE AMERICAN PRESS' The sensational cable intelligence from LO O l the New York Tribune gave rise to much comte l , the American press, through causing little excit°,, j '' on the New York Sto c k E xc h ange , and but ~ more in Washington than a feeling of surprise, followed by utter incredulity. The Public . 16j ' of Philadelphia expresses the general impres si l ° an article on the 13th M a y, th a t th e se ttled an' fi Glared policy of England under her wise an d seeing statesmen was to avoid such alliance', I t showing that the last departure from this 5 013 t American rule had n o t resu lt e d t o the int ere n s r , ! any one of the thr ee name d countries. Whet's' Britain, France, awl Spain combined to enforce; Mexico the payment of her debts, Splin and, land, after they had landed, found that the tE Power had other views, designing to overthrelkf existing Governmmt, instituting instead a 10 1 with a European Prince at its head. IIP °I/ England and Spain withdrew, and the reP rese il e tive of Spain (Ge nera l P r i m ) was no t at 3 ' 1; 0 served in his expressions as to the deception 1 1: had been practised upon his Government. iy roughly disgusted, the same General Prim, 111 1 1 ( ihen freely expressed that f ee li ng , i s no t no w ;; o have forgotten the aff a i r , an d it i s h e w ho bee"' c l the Spanish Government. After arguing tba' a course would be even less for the interest of ', countries than of America the Ledger thus poe' t i:J " There is no ground whatever for the allegufil lit e General Grant's Administr a ti on i s i n fl uenc ed by 'l ir e teeing tendencies.' Efforts hav e b een ma d e in th at Lion by certain restless spirit s , but th e on ly effect, ha - re had upon the Administration is to show tlr,iot attempts are effectively resisted. The President sn,ori members of his Cabinet are aware, as th e great DOJO of the thinking pe o pl e of th e U n it e d St a t es a re aw 3re ' c or what the country wants most of all now is Pesl i el f rA tinned peace, to repair the da mag e s o f a proloor . gg tt and to develope the vast treasures of the countrY• the alleged alliance, even if it s h a ll prove to b e true 0 0? improbable thing), we see no reason why it should :0 a ripple of apprehensi o n h ero . It s ex i stence or 1 9 sence should not, and we believe would not, then 4°l, , traight course which our Gov ernmen t s hould P ull- t or either of the matt ers u p on w hi c h th e a ll ege d alliati ce ' ports to be based." -CCr The New York Nation, May 13, in two co n ' n ' tive articles, exp' alas what is the use of ;„ tional law, and what the waiting pa/ te r means. On the latter subject it observes—afte-110 iplaining much as we did i n o u r l as t impression " the waiting policy meant—that ° d i art ic r " There are m en — we re a d th e i r l e tt e rs uu every day—who gravely propound this plan as if " f 110 ono of the finest products of the h uman m ind--es e % Of choicest offerings a civilized people could lay 0 0 the of humanity. We know it will never be carried oat ? it is disheartening even to hear it talked of. War evil, but it is not the worst of evils. It is not o ° l oo altogether enervating or demoralizing. There are ritf and those not the least essential to national preTtilli which it cherishes : there are vices, and those f0n e , 9 ,50 0t most detestable, whi c h it ma k es o di ous. Some of i u ' o ir , characters the world has ever seen have been r l re i,, , 4 amidst its denies. But from bucc aneer i ng under 11 ',IcliS flag, as a means of avenging the wrongs of a P n bail power, nothing can come but an increase in the JO' and influence of sneaks, gam bl ers , a d ven t u rers, 95- 0 I ° here. To send an ambassador, or a minister of r 3 iiit itig arrange differences with England, while c onfeuiP, t ioo such a mode of redress as thi s i n case the nee, failed, as some people would have us do, would u e :,,, l ti; thing far worse than a degrad a ti o n o f th e diploru st to 4 it would be an offence against civilization. The cic :od remedy for national wrongs is war, carried on by 0 forces wearing uniform and carrying their conu. tr Y jealous of its reputation, fighting, not to fill their l' or o but to leaVe th e ir child ren a h er it age o f g reat W el t - ar il , Whenever the United States proposes a substitute to it will be, we trust and believe, not buccaneerietiod argument ; tot wholesale robbery, but the shock of f' t i o rt intellects before a tribunal, which we are sure civ il ' Z , t ip will some day pro luce, whose integrity and learnieegia be such as to en a bl e r i va l na ti ons to su b m it to its. ke. ; tho most precious of their possessions—their how/ ,/ The following is on e o f it s no t es o f the we e . l3 ,i'd We have received f rom a fli ppant an d lighf -Ipt !,jP Conservative a speculation as to the precise posi tiou o Motley will occupy in London on his arrival, in l o tlel says that when the Forei g n S ecre t ar y asks - e V ° whom he represents, Mr. Motley will have to repli , 00 0 feeling of my country." "V er y we ll," Lord Cl sl.- ge o/ will say, "but Mr. Reverdy Johnson claimed to reP: 1 ya the same thing, an d wo accepte d hi s term, proP ° thing, altered nothing, and changed nothing, Senate rei-eted his work." To this Mr. motley teo join, that his predecessor represented only "the g r- e tio' criminal of this or any other age," and iu no way t he ,- r try at large. "Here L or l Cl aren d on, " says this sinolitt sneerer, " will meet by pointing to the 103 , 1i , - . 1 •Ir confirmation of Mr. Reve r dy J o h nson b y the . 9011a iet 04 will ask whom Mr. Adams represented, for t he t ir. , ° offered by Mr. Adams did not diff er ma terially fr° lu tha t ' offered by Mr. Johnson." Mr. Motley will then however that may be, he is himself the g enuius this time and no m'stake, and represents our W l '` ) , fl at '` undivided country, whereupon Cl are ndon will pull copy of the Globe, and proceed to read passages fr e/11 ,431 0 ' horse Chandler's speech, but Mr. Motley will say A be gi° kum!" and pull out another copy of the Globe, e ll ' ho rio l reading from Mr. Sumner's speech as the only °f n. dig' version, and the two diplomatists will be engage d 'ijas,te to pute over the likelihood of the President's being . t get the Motley treaty ratified by the Senate, Ivi' en ms li ss( l°P vant will bring in the name of the Danish ers y , - 1 - Clarendon will then smile ferociously, and Mr. 30 ;ki '''!" g i t ' numbering the St. Thomas business, and not be le will thrust his Globe into his pocket, and ask to IN by the side door. - • CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. -- Governor Job° t bill he Geary, of Penn s yl van i a , re f use d hi s sanc tion t° t sole' for the commut a ti on o f th e d ea th pena lty in tll9;ireel He considered that it w as unnecessary, as the la vis i - go r guarded against s e v er ity o f p un i s h men t, but re c ' i o j er° that the punishme n t o f d ea th oug ht t o be inflictedso it was absolutely necessary for the public saf ety ,l 0 09 tender were courts and juries of the lives of a ccuse d vi e that it had become almost impossible to obtain 3 C doc l tion of murder in the first degree. It was cont e % I°o high authorities that by the certainty of punishal ell 00 1 h • the laws can be enforced and society protecte,4• T “ dotf • of legislation is opposed to sound policy, as it is u n l d l ' a v able that so delicate and important a subject 5 15011 0 4 , exposed to the fluctuations of legislative should be in the hands along of the highest ESe cut i l t bp i a State. The act was culculated to deceive, c oo l : pears to provide for punishment for life, if . A la mut•ition of punishment, whereas the Governor c OO O still pardon, even after he had commut e d, an d he, 01. ,0 5 tir succeeding Governor, could open th e d oor an d let th e - ail' derer go free. " The power of pardon stands upo ° ,:f j o o ' ferent ground altogeth er f rom the power of wimp" the It is the benevolence of the State to be bestowed b ' m ee' Executive from the considerations of public policy times, from considerations of private right, f ro m 0 0 . 0 0 lions of grace and mercy, b ut the power of COmniu t3 h ti o t 01 intended to be an ex erc i se no t o f sovere i gn grace' - AO° judicial di scr i m i nat i on, b y the Executive whose fu le are incompatible with its e xerc i se ." [An YEaTISE nENT.]—Hence for th no one will doubt th e c 2re llil L il properties of Du Barry's health-restoring Revalen te mego' Th lt Invalids' and Infants' Food, since to the thousands of Dee, it has already received from Invalids whose position IN, pe : i r o f deemed hopeless, we may now add that of his Holiness L'eopii, whose health has been perfectly restored by it after thl a yel d te o y unsuccessful meca treatment. We que from te feh e P i pe Midi," July 25th : di —" l Rome, July 21, 186G. 0t The health re Father is excellent, especially since, abandoning all oT e olep, dies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry'' , -I ` er yl l2 4 0 Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful at It has produced a surprisingly beneficial effect oa iti c ." of his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too hjg' 5 13,1 1 ,';0 6 extract a few out ofmore than 63.000 cures:--Care •o e ' c otr` 7 o o. the Marchioness de Brehan, of seven years' liver ~,itsVi r; wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nerrOtts,P.llo o , de all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, and trstutr,eiP tolerable nervous agitation. Cure No 1.771: Lorc!oper-4p, Decies, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford, of many year' dysPeCoe , No. 49,832: "Fifty years' indescribable agony from 3 1f, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, floAulell f #0: 49. sickness, and vomiting —Maria July " Cure No. 4 sed James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' dis e Leso. bar spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial de!, iii ere v ig'S portant Caution—Beware of the many unsavoury au“ sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Ber-,, ~ 4 0; name is most audaciously attached. 10 * TO 12 - nidt 4 In tins, at Is lid; Ilb 2s 9d; 2lbs 4s Gd 5 lbs lie: re - tiP 24 lbs 40s. -Also Do BARRY'S IticyaLtmrA ARABIC), POWDER is packed in tin canisters: for 12 cups at ,`,15 9 ',os at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at Gs, for 288 cups at 30s, f r 57 ". - 4 sae r,-' —being about one penny per cup. The 30s and 55s titt-orae,a free of carriage in England on receipt of Post-Ofde e do o; "- BARRY Dt: Benny and Co., Nu. 77, Regent-street, 1,00 all Grocers and Chemists. BIRTIM. C , l O / lel LEITH - On the 31 s t u lt , at Aberdeen, th e Wife 0 1 ' , - ' Disney Leith, o f a daughter.. ten teaMASTER—On the Ist lust , Rt The Abloy, Cirences wife of Chest e r Master;jun., Esq., of a daughter. MARRIAGES. ~hael.l; BRODItICK—CHAPMAN —On the Ist inst., a t St. 31 ''' 1 / 0 ' Chester -square, the lion. Henry Brodrick , son ° I . urea count Middleton. to Alice, daughter of Captain Chapman, of JO, E a ton-place • , n d o DEACON—ROCINSON —On the Ist inst , at Brigh.o-1 t, round Deacon, Esq., of 6, Sußsex-place. ILY‘ II3- Pc 'tt c.•' ') Amy Hyde, fourth daughter of C. M. Robinson, u''' Brighton. DEATILY. t ‘V'' GIBSON—OD the Ist inst. at 20 Half 3.t00n-stre et ' ' Major-General Edgar Gibson aged 80. 1, trel h RICARDO—On the I:3t inst., at 13,ureall omago , Cbris te ; l a 0 Alai Osman Ricardo (late of the 8,11 Hussars) , aP .# l3, W.Arat—On the Ist inst., at L oug hborough - Pa rk "A l3 B l 3• Francis Warr, formerly of High Holborn , age— London : Printed and Published by WILLIAII °o,l)l3strioll of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TELE SUN Office, 11 0 . i. 1 7,li a iQ in the Precinct 01 the SikToy, thi Ono,. DIP"" P.A11445, JUIN a, um T(INAHAN'S TVI enl,lirated 0' Mize Ai Mal. Pure, Mild, lre Sold in Bottles, Ss. he Agents in the prix 8, GREAT NV Obaerve the Red Se haws LL Whisky. ICEATIN( relieves the EA TINC 11,.. Important rei TIONSoId in Box Its each. IK EATING, ( 1_ Loudon. E. UTUAL an,orpor 14, lIIISSELL_S'T And ADVnol ANCES 11InNE. or Leasehold P iris Weekly, monthl IP olize free on receir 'ROYAL M Prol IMMENSE SL Ur HARRY nicrii I%lr FRED. COYNE, kr L T STC A RD. the GEorior LEYI Miss A NIE ADAN Miss EMMA ALPO] RATE BELL M ACLAGAN, THE `CO . . Ft Mr. M A DAME Bake -street. (ot No•wich) has 131 Mission, le. ; Cbaml the taorninz, until 1( ARGYLL R( The extraordinar, Or the Shadow Dan the electric liolat or Pate in it, combine Music Selections pi have had the gratil rrioßt extensively pa celebrated Orche.tr Chef. S;gnor Luigi Pusitionq of all di , ti tsigned to the em W. Graves. L. Silhe Thomas Pitts. Pro Admii cc P. HLEune h he ov n TI e . F I for deviling Legs of O RIGINAL AND To bet PB. HALT • next the Consignee for NI( celebrated PALE a Ro rle , nix Wines at hiskies, from se also be seen at the barnher of Hotels, of others wanted in SC TEN TIF I , 1 O RNAMEN' and Dinine Pprtrnent of VAS I;sks, Inkstands, cc,°:, in Italian, A tont, Spar. /tro 'PENNANT, - 31 i London. Mr. Tonnant ar MINERALS, an of Eyell's tat ° thA interea 4 EOLOGY, anC P111..411:I eacb. PRACTICAL MINERALOGY 14 9, Strand. THE LIVE GL( Offices -1, Ds The Invested Fire Revenue to Th e moderate rai Bonus for the I value as SPEC render them pa leave is granted thirty days after NA'FIONAI „.„ the hmond, tin ler natronal Whereby a: home ,Trls of all ages, c trre ki n The obje't of the nah slyest-ion, an' and laundry, to fit wise provided for suitable situations The entirely sustained "ice. 121, Pall-, SEAMEN'S off Greenwi ' at lctis, who an The receipts f . ; 8 79 less than t 9IIBSORIPT Williams Deacc the Secretary, al street, London, Qualification vovernor ' £lOll 11.11tITISH 'II- 0 Mackenzie Patron—He destitute g•rat ofal o l rp d h e a n n P °lle ro_eperous cirm hundred istiution ; ample Increased su e ndowed and i assistance. Subscrtio ibers a fpetitun, and " 8 Peculiar claii r . The last Reps oeeretary. Oflicos, 73, Cl Bankers-711c L ane ; and Alt's, 11EA.LTII REST( lir BARR and Infa TII saves fifty time Perfect digestio refreshing sleoi Most disorder( effectually indi gumption, habi rangemeots, b nervousness, b catarrhs, e 6416 rheumatism, g ralgia, irritah heartburn, hill nausea and eiol tits, bronchitis the pit of the the most digest for invalids an IMPORTANT I and more than rity, Baron Li( 'Henceforth Du Barry's he and Infants' F has already n been deemed noes the Pope, by it after thin We quote fro 18.413):—"R€ rfoly Father other rernedie arry's R at oyal( fateful eve b3neficial offe praise this exc Cure No. 58 years' liver c+ Hess, irritabili digestion, cons nervous agitat Cure N 0.78 Stuart de Deci ford I hat fo od.--STuAR Waterford." Cure No. ' from dyspepsi flatulency, 93' 01 Lynn, Non Cure No. nervousness, ' vous fancies. Cure No. 5E Years diarrh Da The Food ii , lb., 4s. Gel.; auistors, can harry Ft 1 20 , 710 tlatii6ters : .raps nt 65., fo • a bout cna Per frco ci carriaf • ba.itity DU : also at Fort " t.,OrttCBollll 01- Cif N.crth-r