The Sun. — London, England, 1860-01-09 00:00:00

This day is published, NARRATIVE OF THE EARL OF ELGIN'S MISSION TO CHINA and JAPAN in the years 1857, '5B, '59. By LAURENCE OLIPHANT, Esq., Private Secretary to Lord Elgin, Author of " The Russian Shores of the Black Sea," &c. In two volumes, Bvo., price £2 2s. Illustrated with Numerous Engravings in Chromolithogra phy and Woodcuts, from Original Drawings, and Photographs and Maps. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. BENSON'S WATCHES " Perfection of mechanism."•—Momthg Post. Gold Watches 4 to 100 guineas. Silver Watches 33 nd 31, Ludgate-hill, London, E.C. Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet on Watches ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the management of Miss L. Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS EVENING, VICTORINE. Messrs. Santley, H. Bartleman, Misses Parepa, Haigh, H. Curl, G. Honey , Thirlwall, --- - - - • Conductor, Alfred Mellon. To conclude with the new grand pantomime, called PUSS IN BOOTS ; or, Harlequin and the Fairy of the Golden Palms. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7 o'clock. T HEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, the comedy of THE EVIL GENIUS Mies Reynolds. _ After Which, the new Haymarket Comic Christmas Panto mime, VALENTINE'S DAY; or, Harlequin and the Fairy of the True Lovers' Knot. The pantomimists the unrivalled Leclercqs. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM.- Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame Celeste. Re-engagement of the Spanish Dancers. THIS EVENING, the popular Drama of ST. MAItY'S EVE. Madeline (her original character) Madame Celeste. After which, will be produced a new Grand Christmas Ex travaganza and Pantomime, KING THRUSHBE A.RD, the LITTLE PET and the GREAT PASSION. Clown, Mr. H. Marshall—Columbine, Miss Rosino. Commence at 7. UOYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. Re-engagement of the Wonderful Dancer, Mons. Espinosa. First appearance of Mdlle. Marietta Rosetta, Principal Dan sense of La Scala, Milan ; and first time of the Delapierre Family. These highly-talented Children will appear every night. The Royal Princess's Rifles on parade every evening. THIS EVENING, THE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH. After which, a new Christmas burlesque pantomime, by 11. J. Byron, called JACK THE GIANT KILLER ; or, Harle quin King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Jack, Miss Louise Keeley—Harlequin, Mr. Cormack Panta loon, Mr. Paulo—Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams— Clown, Mr. A. F. Forrest. NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Holiday Attractions.— The Christmas Carol and the New Spectacular Extravaganza, by H. J. Byron, Esq„ the Nymph of the Lurlyberg ; or the Knight and the Naiades. THIS EVENING, THE CHRISTMAS CAROL. Messrs J. L. Toole, C. Selby, Paul Bedford, Stuart, Billington, C. J. Smith. Romer: Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, Mrs. Chatte rley, Laidlaw. After which THE NYMPHS OF THE LIIRLEYBERG ; or, The Knight and the Naiades. Messrs. Toole, Bedford, Eburne, Smith, Powell, Romer, Miss Woolgar, C. Webb, K. Kelly, Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor far bills of performance. All fees to servants of this establishment are strictly prohibited. ' Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen gers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with GARIBALDI'S ENGLISHMAN. hlessrs. Barrett and C. Young. Followed by MAGIC TOYS, supported by Miss Lydia Thompson, Clara St. Cass°, &e. Followed by a new sketch, A HOUSEHOLD FAIRY. Miss Wyndham and Mr. H. T. Craven. • To conclude with the new pantomime of PUNCH AND JUDY. Introducing Miss Lydia Thompson and the Corps de Ballet: Clown, Harlequin, Columbine, and Pantaloon, and the wonderful Performing Dogs. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; I'it, is. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six; perform. ance commences at 7. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, Westminster-road. Sole Lessee—Mr. William Cooke, his Farewell Season. The Great Christmas Noyelty : "Harlequin Tom Moody," triumphant. THIS EVENING, the entertainments will commence at 7 o'clock with the droll drama of DOMINIQUE THE DE SERTER. Dominique, Mr. G. Wlmore. After which, fine and exquisite Riding Evolutions by the Star Artistes, Miss Emily Cooke, Mr. John Henry Cooke, and other first-rate professors. Concluding with the really successful Holiday piece anfi Sportily , Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN TOM MOOD - t; or, Old Towier the Huntsman and the Goddess Diana, litroducin„, , , among numerous new and splendid effects, Cie Derby Day of 1860, by the Astlean Racing Stud and clever jockeys ; also the wonde• ful Salamander Horse, enveloped in a body of real fire. A Grand Day performance of the New Comic Pantomime, and very superior novelties in the ring, every Saturday, at Two o'clock, during the Holidays. Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips ANTERBUR Y HALL CONCERTS.- vv EVERY EVENING. Sterndale Bennett's MAY QUEEN. And a Grand Selection from Meyerbeer's new opera of DINORAII. Comic Vocalists -Messrs. George Tiolson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. I'. Critchtield, and E. W. Hackney. Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. ROSA RON HEUR'S celebrated PICTURE of the HORSE FAIR is now added to the already magnificent Collection of Paintings in the Canterbury Hall Fine Arts Gallery. The gallery is opea from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, JA x. 8, 1860. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 43—highest since noon yesterday. 41—lowest this morning and during the night. 47—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.29. WIND, South-Westerly; light, with fine wintry weather. JAN. 9. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 49—highest since noon yesterday. 39—lowest this morning and during the night. 43—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.20. WIND, South-Easterly; light, with thick, foggy weather, lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. sm. —Afternoon, 2b. 29m. To-moßnow.-Morning, 2h. 54m.—Afternoon, 3h. 17m. 44? 19 i , Cfa , &> kA A 4 le ser( 406 A t i •-• • I t • = a . 1 Li - F, THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, J.N. 9, 1860. THE . PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. We have an abstract of the American Presi dent's Message from Queenstown, by electric tele graph. Its chief import is de.ddedly unfavourable to liberty. The President says :—" I cordially congratulate you upon the final settlement, by the Superior Court of the United States, of the ques tion of slavery. The right has been established of every citizen to take property, including slaves, into the common territories, and have it protected under the Federal Constitution." And yet in the next sentence he says All means have been employed, and shall continue to be employed, to execute the laws against the Slave Trade, and those engaged in the unlawful enter prise have been vigorously prosecuted." We shall not quarrel with men who seem so de termined to have their own way, be it right or *wrong ; but we will ask them whether they mean to carry it out by fair or by foul means? If the United States think that they (avowedly Libe rals) hope to carry out a system o f s l avery in disguise, they will have to pay dearer for the game than they reckon en. Slavery is so repugnant to humanity that those who attempt to practise it, and hope to make a miserable living by the sweat and anguish of their fellow-men, ought to be dealt with accordingly. Suppose a war with America to be precipitated by the overweening folly and presumption of men almost drunk with the excess of liberty, who would ar raign the just policy of putting arms into the hands of the slaves that they might vindicate their rights as brother -men of the human family ? The real question seems to be, Shall the United States be a free community or a slavc•trading paekmen of villanous character ? In either case we fear their doom i.s fixed. Barning for access of territory, they know not what to do with their present possessions. Born out of rebellion they yet seem to doubt their own legitimacy, ell though acknowledged by the existing powers of the world. Thus it is that people may have too much of a good thing, and ultimately be heart-sick of their gains. The Americans are on friendly terms with all the world, save Spain ; and the reason seems to be that the United States covet Cuba, which the Spaniard*, will not give up to them. In fact, if Spain were disposed to sell Cuba for a fair price, as the President phrases it, we of England, and perhaps he of France, would not by any means consent to the transfer of the Queen of the West to such huckstering hands as those of the " United States." By and bye we shall hear of a strange story, wherein the now united will become a very disunited com pact of mercenary people. Americans ara at least consistent. They inherited slaves, they say, as a legacy from us ; but, like some very conscientious legatees, they have used the legacy with far more consistency than the former possessor. Slaves were badly used enough, in all conscience, as we too well know, before our planters were compelled to accept the twenty millions ster- ling, which went into the pockets of our GLAD sToNis and other English mortgagees, and left the islands bankrupt of capital; still even the slaves had legally some rights, and free persons of colour, albeit as black as ebony, had the rights of all other free subjects of the British Crown. Nor would Englishmen easily perceive that there was any inconsistency in this. If the man was a subject of the Crown, if he paid the taxes the Crown was authorised to levy on other subjects, if he was amenable to the laws enforced in the name of the Crown—it seemed consistent enough to treat the man in all respects like white persons who were in the same position. These, however, were but the unenlightened notions of an old country living under antiquated, aristocratic, and monarchical institutions. Oar more enlightened descendants in America adopted two grand principles —one as the basis of a glori ous Rebellion, the other as the foundation of a glorious Republic. They rebelled because " taxa tion without Representation was tyranny ;" they founded a Republic because "all men are born free and equal." These elevated political and social principles they had to apply to the subjects of the several States, and to the Union as best they could. They began by acknowledging that slaves were persons, that they were " persons held to labour" according to thelaws of some states. They were, therefore, to be sent back, if they ran away, to the cartwhips, cowhides, and cat-o'-nine tails by which they were " held to labour." It was discovered, however, when cotton grew more valu able, and the price of human flesh and blood rose high, that slaves were not " persons," they were but " things," "chattels," and fit to be advertised for sale with cattle and sheep, pigs and pigs'-troughs. Hence education was an absurdity for slaves, the admission of their testimony equally so ; indeed, the property of the master was as unconditioned in his slave as in his house or land, or the balance at his banker's. And Christian clergymen proclaimed from the pulpit that all this was holy, just, and good,—the perfection of human wisdom ; indeed, far more than that, it was the will of GOD, the doctrine of the Gospels, the fulfilment of that glorious prophecy—"Cuss'd be Canaan !" When CIIRIST or his apostles said" Bless and curse not," they did not mean that we were to abstain from cursing Africans, or, according to American theologists, Canaanites, with the cultivation of cotton, for if they were persons, cursed persons they were. So it was settled in regard to blacks purchased, given, or inherited. But this NN as not quite enough. These blacks did not, at least in any very direct form, pay taxes. They paid the sweat of their brow to their masters ; they paid, or had stolen from them, their liberty itself, but that was not the payment of dollars into the national treasury, so these untaxed ones could not complain of being " taxed without Representation ;" and as to laws made without their consent, why that was the case with the million also in the mother country. The difficulty now arose what to do with persons of colour who had been manumitted, or had bought their own freedom, or been born free. Some of the States have made, so far as their own territories are concernekvery short work of it. They have refused to allow a man of colour to be a free man at all within the limits of their precious sovereignty. His master cannot manumit him. He cannot purchase his freedom in the State in which he was born. if before this law of perfect equality for negroes was enacted, ho were free, he must migrate at once to Canada or Liberia or to somewhere out of the State, or he womid be sold with his wife and children, and all that was his, and the money devoted to " pious uses"—perhaps to building a vicarage house for the clergymanwho preached oftenest and most eloquently , from that beautiful verse " Cuss'd be Canaan." For some time various kind methods were devised for helping free men of colour out of the land of their birth. We believe that if a Canaanite became a Jew among Jews and was circumcised, he was thenceforth dealt with as a Jew—but nothing simi lar avails with American Christians. The unfortu nate man of colour may become a Christian and be baptised, but he is a son of Canaan still, and as the Bigelou papers tell us— " John P. , Robinson, he Says, they didn't know everything down in Judee." Whence American Divines, and Judges in the Su preme Court, by way of mending on the mistakes of inspired Hebrews, declare that in no way can a man with a trace of African blood in his veins be put on a footing with the descendants of European white men. The white blood may predominate so much that an Englishman would take him for a Yankee ; yet while, if the glove be taken of, a trace of colour can be found at the nails, the man may not be treated as a social equal, much less as a Christian brother. No American Christian will sit by his side in an omnibus or on a steamboat, or even in the same pew, or the same part of the church, to worship God ! This social " ignoring" had long been going on,' but the final touch was given by the legal decision " that a coloured man has no rights which a white man is bound to respect !! " He cannot be an American citizen ! The manners and education of some persons, one of whose ancestors some genera tions back came from Africa, may be of the highest character ; it may be the person is a lady, brought up elegantly, and with every accomplishment, as a planter's daughter, whose remote parentage none of the uniniti7ted would for a moment suspect, but even the " chivalry" which has always plumed it self on respect for the sex shows none for her ; her innocence, her beauty, her charms all plead in vain. Well for her if, though freed by her father's will, or free-born, she be not seize], carried off, her claims to citizenship sacrified for a few hundred dcllars, and herself converted into the mistress of free re = s These equal. \ brutal mem b er o f t h e G reat R epu bli c w h ere a ll arc born n by an owl. have been drawn from us Ve—we can give it no other name—of which the details appeared in The Sun of Friday, under the heading, "Disabilities of American Per sons of Colour." There is no room for misrepre sentation here, as we have the fact from the lion. Mr. DALLAS, and from the American Legation itself. An American coloured lady, probably of little colour, little different from that of many Londoners, obtained a passport in the year 1858 from the Foreign-office in the United States, and it bears the signature of Mr. LEWIS CASS, the States' Secretary, himself. She wishes to travel on the Continent, applies to the United States' office in London for the necessary visa ; and, in brief, is told by Mr. DALLAS that the " indispen sable qualification for an American passport—that of United States' citizenship'—does not exist in her case, and that he is compelled by instructions received in 1856 to refuse it !" On his final refusal the indignant lady reminds him that he has laid down the rule that American free-born persons, who have borne all the burdens of the State, who have even contributed to the taxes out of which the salaries of its Ministers are paid, are to be refused the aid, when they need it, of those Ministers. If is the face of tiffs really free country, an ambas sador of the United States can perpetrate so gross a ()rime against all its sentiments, habits, and man ners, as well as against reason itself, we may well sicken at the thought of the insults to which per sons of colour are liable in the great Slave Republic. FUNERAL OF LORD MACAULAY. (THIS DAY.) This afternoon, in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey, there has been laid in the dust, with the customary ceremonial, all that was mortal of one of the greatest writers in the English language. The solemnity of these funereal rites was in some slight measure (at any rate in intention) worthy of Eng land and of her Historian. It has evidenced, at least, in an affecting manner, the national grief over this irreparable calamity the pre mature demise of the first and last Baron Macaulay in the midst of his herculean labours in building up a monument at once of our later annals and of his own genius as one of the glories of our literature. The funeral took place at 1 o'clock precisely. The cortege moved from Holly-lodge, Campden-hill, Kensington ; the residence of the deceased nobleman, at 11 o'clock. The procession consisted of a hearse and six horses, with three mourning coaches. It had been proposed that the coronet should be oarried before the hearse on a cushion ; but this pieee of pageantry was set aside, in deference to the known opinions of the deceased upon such matters. The chief mourners were the Rev. J. Macaulay and Mr. Macaulay, jun., Mr. C. L. Macaulay, and Mr. George Trevelyan, who occupied the first carriage. Mr. S. F. Ellis, Mr. E. Cropper, Mr. J. Cropper, jun., and Mr. H. Holland occupied the second car riage. The other carriages were filled with the principal domestics of the deceased. Throughout the whole length of the High street of the " Old Court Suburb," as poor Leigh Hunt loved to call Kensington, scarcely a single tradesman failed to have the shutters up as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased nobleman. Thp procession having passed down Campden hill into Kensington, along the Kensington-road through Knightsbridge, proceeded to Hyde Park-corner, where it was joined by the car riages of the noblemen and others desirous of paying their last mark of respect to the de ceased. The procession then continued down Grosvenor-place along Birdcage-walk, through St. James's Park, and by way of Great George-street to the Abbey. On arriving at the Abbey the body was received by the pall bearers and numerous other literary and political friends of Lord Macaulay, and the coffin was carried up the nave to the choir in the following order : Bailiff of 'Westminster, The Ahnsmen of the Abbey, Sixteen Boys of the Choir, The Sub- Dean, Canons Repton, Jennings, and Cureton, The Dean (Rev. T. Trench), The following was the printed list of The Pall Bearers : The Lord Chancellor Lord John Russell I Earl Shelburne Duke of Argyll Earl Stanhope I Sir David Diindas Sir Henry Holland, Bart. I The Dean of St. Paul's (Dr I Alihnan). But, among the number of those really bearing the pall this morning, in the Abbey, we noticed the Bishop of Oxford. The service was read by the Rev. the Dean. As the coffin was borne onwards to the choir the chori sters sung, " I am the Resurrection and the Life." When arrived at the choir the Psalm " Lord, Thou bast been our dwelling-place" was chanted, and the Lesson appointed for such service read. The An them was from Spohr's " Last Judgment," " Blessed for ever are they that die trusting in God." This portion of the service having been concluded, the coffin ,was carried to the grave, the choir sing ing the anthem of Purcell, " Alan that is born of woman." Handel's Funeral Anthem, composed for one of the Georgian Queens, the words altered to suit the occasion— " His body is buried in peace, " But his name liveth fur evermore." " The Dead March in Saul" was also performed by Dr. Turk on the organ during the ceremony. The outer coffin was formed of polished elm, and enclosed a leaden coffin and shell. The lid was divided into three compartments ; the upper one contained, on an engraved plate, the arms of the deceased peer. The shield bore two arrows and two buckles, and had two pelicans as supporters. The crest was a boot with a spur, surmounted with the usual coronet. The motto of the coat of arms was " Duke Periculum." The second compartment contained the following inscription : The Right Honourable Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay of Rothwell, Born 25th Oct., 1800. Died 28th Dec., 1859. Conspicuous among those in attendance at this solemn ceremonial, who evidenced the most deep emotion throughout, was the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (the Earl of Carlisle) : his excellency being frequently moved to tears. Scattered among the crowd of known and unkown, illustrious and obscure huddled together in Poet's Corner, were recognisable many familiar forms and faces those of distinguished men from both Houses of Parlia ment, statesmen and diplomatists, orators and men of letters, artists, warriors, critics, and men of the most varied reputation. Yonder was Mr. Glad stone, there Lord Stanley—there towered above the heads of all about him the stalwart form of " Jacob Omnium"—there, almost as lofty in stature, one of the master novelists of our age Mr. Thackeray. Sprinkled among the concourse here and there were observable several ladies, oddly, incon gruously (scarcely decorously) in the gayest colours, flaunting in red, blue, and yellow, with "all their trumpery." Indeed, on our way down to the Abbey, along the road traversed by the funeral processiin, we noticed at the corner of Grosvenor-place, a very stylish open phreton drawn up by the kerb, in readiness for the sight—the fair occupant of the carriage displaying in her apparel almost as many colours as there might be found in the pattern of a kaleidoscope: Upwards of three thousand applications, we be lieve, had been made for cards of admission to the Abbey, but the space in Poet's Corner being so very restricted,it was found advisable to issue merely a little over one thousand—Mr. C. Buxton, M.P., being thus constrained by necessity to make a selection from among the throng of applicants. Bcsi&s the eight distinguished pall-bearers, comprising among them a Prime Minister (the now Foreign Secretary, Lord John Russell) and a Lord Chancellor (the present occupant of the woolsack, Lord Campbell)—there were present to-day among those grouped around the grave of Lord Macaulay— Lord Palmerston, the Earl of Carlisle, Lord Stanley, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir G. C. Lewis, Sir C. Wood, Sir George Grey, the Duke of Argyll, Lord Berners, the Duke of Newcastle, the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Chief Baron Pollock, Mr. Justice Willes, Mr. Justice Crompton, Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord Glenelg, Lord Mont eagle, Lord Belper, Lord Brougham, Lord Cranworth, the Speaker of the House of Com mons, Right Hon. E. Cardwell 111. P., Right Hon. Charles Villiers, Beresford Hope, M.P., Mr. Rich, M.P., Mr. J. Mills, M.P., Sir H. Douglas, M.P., THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 9, 1860 - Mr. J. Locke, M.P., Mr. T. Gregson, M.P., Mr. J. Martin, M.P., Mr. E. Baines, M.P., Mr. Hard oastle, M.P., Mr. Adeane, M.P., Mr. M. Milnes, M.P., Mr. W. Ewart, M.P., Mr. B. Cochrane, M.P., Mr. T. Hankey, M.P., Mr. E. Buxton, Mr. J. Wyld, M.P., Mr. Tite, M.P., Captain Jervis, M.P., Lord R. Montague, M.P., Sir S. Shaw Lefevre, Sir W. Page Wood, Sir Roderick Mur chison, Chevalier Bunsen, General Klapka, Sir J. Palgrave, Baron M. Van de Weyer Marochetti, Lord Henry Lennox, Samuel Warren, Esq., Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq., Edwin James, Esq., Q.C., M.P., M. J. Higgins, Esq., Professor Stanley, Sir J. Lawrence, Hon. :Capt.lllanbury, M.P. ; Mr. Mangles, of the India Board; the Rev. T. B. Murray, of St. Paul's ; Dr. Haw brey, Provost of Eton; the Dean of Canterbury; the Dean of St. Paul's; Charles Knight, Esq., W. M. Thackeray, Esq., Tom Taylor, Esq., Shirley Brooks, Esq., Longman, Esq., the head of the eminent pub lishing firm in Paternoster-row ; R. Bentley, Esq., Burlington-street; Lovell Reeve, Esq., J. Forster, Esq., W. Charles Kent, Esq., George Grote, Esq., S. C. Hall, Esq., G. A. Sala, Esq., and Sir W. Alexander, &c., &c., &c. Thus has one of the most distinguished of the great authors of this century—"the orator, poet, and statesman, who ran through each mood of the lyre, and was master of all"—been to-day laid in that cemetery which for ages past has been consecrated to the remains of the best and greatest of this land. Poets' Corner to-day has added yet another to the long list of its illustrious dead, when the latest and greatest of the great men which the last year has torn from us is committed to the earth. The little spot selected for the resting-place of a man whose fame now fills the world is at the innermost part of Poets' Corner, at the very foot of Westmacott's monument to that genius whom Macaulay de lighted to honour—the mild and gentle Addi son. It is only the monument, however, which is here, for Addison himself sleeps far away from the great Essayist of the nineteenth cen tury, in the north aisle of Henry Vll.'s chapel. Closest to the coffin of Lord Macaulay is that of the celebrated Dr. Parr, who in his life time possessed, perhaps, even a greater amount of learning than our brilliant historian, but who, unlike him, went down to the grave without leav ing a single record of the vastness of his intellectual stores behind. Almost by the side of the grave which was closed to-day rest the remains of him who died friendless and lorn," the still more gifted Sheridan. By the side of the latter are the graves of Samuel Johnson and David Garrick, while at the foot, and almost overlooking the dark aperture opened for the late Lord Macaulay, is the monument to Campbell—at whose funeral Macaulay was himself a pall-bearer. Close beside it, also, is the Gothic monument to Chaucer, facing which is the slab which marks the resting place of Spenser, with the half worn-out inscrip tion :—" Here lies, expecting the second coming of our Saviour Christ Jesus, the body of Edmund Spenser—the prince of poets in his time, whose Divine spirit needs no other witness than the works he left behind him." Undistinguished by monument or tablet of any kind lie tie remains of Beaumont the dramatist. Not far from Macaulay's grave is the small pavement (not the original, which was worn out, and replaced some time since), which bear, what we may call the words and the title " Oh rare Ben Jonson !" while a little more distant is the monument to Cowley. The graves or monu ments of Pope, Prior, Gay, Dryden, Milton, Butler, Mason, Davenant, Camden, Congreve, and others, though all in Poets' Corner, are more distant from that where the poet and historian was laid ±p rest this day. The sublime words of the burial service, the historic memories clustered about the locality where the grave was dug, the glorious music rolling from the organ and from the chiming voices of the choristers, and reverberating through that most august, majestic, and venerable edifice— these were the affecting and effective accompani ments to-day of the Lord Macaulay's sepulture. Remembering these we are anxious to lose all recollection of the absolute want of any order whatever in the martialling of those who were assembled to do honour to the memory of this Great English Worthy —Poet, Critic, Orator, Essayist, Historian, Statesman. VOLUNTEER CORPS. TO THE EDITOR OP THE SUN. SIR,—In the vast number of Great and Small Men of the Empire who speak or write so strongly in favour of the Great Rifle Movement, the ques tion is frequently asked, why England should not become a rifle-shooting nation as those of the Con tinent ? In doing so it does not seem to have struck anyone how wide is the difference between us and them on the most essential point, perhaps of all, the means to acquire Rifle Practice. That any real good can be obtained from the short time that the busy population of our countay can possibly devote to it during the six working days of the week, I hold to be impracticable. In order, therefore, to put us on a par with continental nations, we should employ the Sunday evening in that (as I think) most rational and noble exercise of rifle firing, in conjunction with various innocent amusements. Who, for instance, has passed a Sunday evening at Geneva, the cradle of Calvinism, the seat of intense religion, could reasonably object to what he there witnesses. The Plaine Palais, and its vicinity, spread over with multitudes —recreation and pro priety observable everywhere. But to pass from Switzerland into Germany. There the system may be still more observable ; for there are seen Protes tants and Catholics mingled together without dis tinction of creed. Whenever a change takes place in the mind of England, on the point I have ven tured to allude to, then will she become a rifle shooting nation—but not till then—Yours faithfully, A MILITIA COMMANDANT AND OLD SOLDIER. I ,Yelsh Hills, Jan. 7, 1860. The next Cabinet Council will be held on Mon day. Like its predecessor of Tuesday last it is expected to be a full Cabinet, the Ministerial Councils growing in importance and interest as the opening of Parliament ap proaches. The Earl of Elgin, Sir George Grey, and others of the Ministers, travelled long distances in order to be pre sent at the last Council. —Court Journal. '1 he wedding-day of her Majesty and the Prince Consort (the 10th of February) will be celebrated at Wind sor Castle, and therefore the return of the Court to town, for the season, cannot fairly be anticipated before the middle or latter end of that month.—Court Journal. It is expected that her Majesty will arrive in town on the 23d inst. On the 24th the Queen will open Parliament, and on the same afternoon return to Windsor Castle.—Corect Journal. It may not be generally known that the Victoria Cress, when bestowed on an officer, gives him a right to a step in promotion the first opportunity.—Court Journal. The Earl and Countess Granville are still domi ciled at Brighton, the health of her ladyship, though very greatly improved, not being considered, as yet, thoroughly re-established.— Court Joni•nal. Lord Palmerston gives a grand State banquet on the 23d, at Cambridge House, to a numerous party of his influential supporters iu the House of Commons. Earl Granville, as Government leader in the House of Lords, gives a similar banque:t to Ministerial Peers, at his residence in Bruton-street.—Court Journal. THE VoLUNTEER MOVEMENT.—We learn that, at the proposition of Sir Moses Montefiore, the clerks of the " Alliance," of which the worthy' baronet is the chairman, will join the Rifle Brigade, the office bearing all the ex- pense.— Jewish Chronicle. _ _ _ The report of the hank of New South Wales, presented at Sy lney on the 26th October last, stated the available balance to be £70,212, out of which £50,000, was appropriated to a dividend at the rate of 20 - per cent, per annum, and £14,925 to the reserve fund (which is now raised to £205,000), leaving £5,287 to be can ied to next half-year. The allotment of new shares was to be made on the fallowing day at the rate of one to every two now held. APPOINT3IENT.—CoIoneI the Hon. St. George Foley, C. 8., who has been acting as Military Secretary to Major-General Straubenzec, at Hong Kong, has been ap pointed British Military Commissioner at the Head-Quar ters of the General commanding the French expeditionary corps to China.—Army and JlNavy Gazette. MAJOR HODSON's WIDOW.--We have much pleasure in stating that h er Maje s ty h as b een graciously pleased to apportion a suite of apartments in Hampton - court Palace to Mrs. Hodson, w id ow o f Major Hodson, of " Hod son's Horse."--21emy and Navy Gazette, Lieutenant Harmer, 81st Regiment, has suc ceeded Lieutenant . Coupe, 15th Regiment, as recruiting officer at Omagh. Lie u t. Fagan, 4th Regiment, has been moved from Cambridge to Rei g ate, and Lie u t. L ockhart, 92d Highlanders, from Reigate to Cambridge.—A nn y an d .Navy Gazette, . s LATEST NEW S. AMERICA. THE PRESIDENTS' MESSAGE. QUEENSTOWN, JAN. 9. The Royal Mail Steamship America arrived here at 1 o'clock a.m., she left Boston on the 28th ult., and Halifax on the 30th ult. The America brings 37 passengers, and 5,000 dols. for Havre; she landed the mails and sailed for Liverpool at 2 a.m. All well. She brings the Presidents' Message, of which the following is a summary : "Although no Speaker had been elected the Pre sident delivered his Message on the 27th ult. Alluding to the excitement in the south, he said, " I firmly believe that the events at Harper's Ferry, by causing the people to pause and reflect, would be the means, under Providence, of allaying exist ing excitement, and to prevent in future a fresh outbreak. I cordially congratulate you upon the final settlement, by the Superior Court of the United States, of the question of slavery. The right has been established of every citizen to take property, ißcluding slaves, into the common terri tories, and have it protected under the Federal Constitution. " All means have been employed, and shall con tinued to be employed to execute the laws against the Slave Trade, and those engaged in the unlaw ful enterprise have been vigorously prosecuted. " The wisdom of the course pursued by Govern ment towards China has been verified by late events. Our treaty of peace and commerce with that Empire was continued at Tien-tsin on the 18th of June, 1858, and was ratified by the President, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, on the 21st of December following. The ratifications of the treaty were afterwards, on the 16th of August, ex changed in proper form at Pietsang. As the ex change did not take place till the day prescribed by the treaty it is deemed proper, before its publi cation, again to submit it to the Senate. " Our relations with the great Empires of Frame and Russia, as well as on the Continent of Europe, unless we may except that of Spain, happily con tinue to be of the most friendly character. In my last annual Message I presented a statement of the unsatisfactory condition of our relations with Spain, and I regret they have not materially improved. Without special reference to other claims, the pay ment of which has been ably urged by our Minis ters, and in which more than 100 of our citizens are directly interested, they still remain unsatisfied, notwithstanding their justice, and though their amount, 128,655 dols. Mc., has been admitted by the Spanish Government. I need not repeat the arguments which I urged in my last Message in favour of the acquisition of Cuba by fair purchase. My opinion on that measure is unchanged. I again invite your serious attention to this subject. With out a recognition of this policy on their part it will be almost impossible to institute negotiations with any reasonable prospect of success. " Until a recent period there was good reason to believe that I should be able to announce to you on the present occasion that our difficulties with Great Britain, arising out of the Clayton- Bulwer Treaty, had been fully adjusted in a manner alike honourable and satisfactory to both parties. From causes, however, which the British Govern ment have not anticipated, they have not completed treaty arrangements with the Republics of Hon duras and Nicaragua in pursuance of the under standing between the two Governments. It is, nevertheless, evidently expected that this good work will soon be accomplished; while indulging the hopes of that, no other subject remains which can disturb the good relations between the two coun tries. "The question arising out of the adverse claims of the parties to the island of San Juan, under the Oregon Treaty of June 15th, 1846, suddenly as sumed a threatening prominence. In order to pre vent unfortunate collisions on that remote frontier, the Government was instructed that the officers of the territory should abstain from all acts on the disputed ground which are calculated to provoke any conflicts. As far as it can be done without em ploying the concession to authorities of Great Bri tain of an extensive right over, the title ought to be settled before either party should attempt to exclude the other by force, or exercise complete ex clusive sovereign rights within the fairly disputed limits. Much excitement prevailed for some time throughout that region. Serious danger of a colli sion between the parties was apprehended. The British had a largo naval force in the vicinity, and it is an act of simple justice to the ad miral on that station to state, that he wisely forbore to commit any hostile acts, but determined to refer the whole affair to his Government and await their instructions. This aspect of the mat ter, in my opinion, demanded attention, to pre vent any act of hostility from taking place Lieut.-General Scott was despatehed on the 17th of September last, to take command of the United States' forces if necessary. Considering the distance from the scene of action, and in ignorance of what might have transpired on the spot before the gene ral's arrival, it was necessary to leave much to his discretion ; and, I am happy to state, the event proved that this discretion could not have been en trusted to a more competent hand. General Scott has recently returned from his mission, having ac complished certain objects, and there is no longer good reason to fear a collision between the force of the two countries during the existing negotiations. " I regret to inform you that there has been no improvement in the affairs of Mexico since my last Message, and I am again obliged to ask the earnest attention of Congress to the unhappy condition of that Republic. Outrages of the worst description are committed on persons and property. There is scarcely any form of injury which has not been suffered by our citizens in Mexico during the last few years. We have been nominally at peace with that Republic; but, so far as the interests of our commerce or of our citizens who have visited the country as merchants, shipmasters, or in other capa cities, are concerned, we might as well have been at war. I recommend to Congress to pass a law autho rising the President, under such restriction as they may deem necessary, to emply military force against Mexico for the purpose of obtaining indemnity for the past and security for the future." LATEST FROM SAN FRANCISCO. Some snow storms had interrupted the and caused some damage to property. Advices from Vera Cruz report continued dis turbances. NEW YORK, DEC. 27. Exchange heavy. Money, 6to 71. Stocks, un changed. New York Central, lower. Ashes and Cotton, unchanged. Breadstuffs, nominally un changed. Beef, quiet ; pork, declining. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : THE OUTWARD BOMBAY AND PENINSU- LAR MAILS. The Ripon, with the outward Bombay mail of the 27th of December, put into Vigo on the sth inst., for coals, having'experienced a succession of heavy gales since leaving England. From the same cause, the Sultan with the Penin sular mails, which left Southampton on the same date, did not reach Vigo until the 7th inst. She reports " All well, and will proceed immediately." PARIS, JAN. 7. Count Lallemand (now in Paris on leave of ab sence), who in his quality of First Secretary has been appointed Charge d'Affaires ad interim of the French Embassy at Constantinople, has received orders to proceed immediately to the Turkish capi tal. M. de Thouvenel will embark for France after his (Count Lallemand's) arrival. VENICE, JAN. 7. The theatres of this town, which, as a political demonstration, were no more visited by the inha bitants, have been closed by the directors. ROME, JAN. 7. The news of Count Walewski's resignation has produced a very painful impression on the Pope. Yesterday, after the celebration of the sacred ceremony of St. Epiphania, his Holiness called together the principal members of the Sacred Col lege, and declared to them that he would never fail in the mission which God had intrusted to him, and that, like his predecessor, Pius VII., he would rather suffer exile, and even martyrdom. MADRID, JAN. 3. The Spaniards have advanced on the road to Tetuan without being attacked by the Moors. JAN. 4. General Zabala has recovered from his illness. The Spanish loss in the action at Castillegos was 73 killed and 481 wounded. JAN. 5. The Spanish army continues its movement on Tetuan. Yesterday the Spaniards were attacked in the Valley Negro by 2,000 Moorish cavalry and 2,000 infantry: They were dispersed by the Spanish Artillery, who had five killed and 19 wounded. The health of the troops at the encampment of Serallo is improving. The English brig Eting has been wrecked near Cadiz. General Almonta has been appointed Ambassador of Mexico at Madrid. FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY. e A letter from Paris says :—" According to a letter I have received from Vienna neither Ans i trig nor the Pope refuse to send their represen tatives to a Congress. The history of the late delay appears to have originated as follows : Prince Metternich and the Papal Nuncio received orders from their respective Governments to impress on Count Walewski the necessity of assuring the Cabinet of Vienna and the Vatican that the famous programme pamphlet was not to be the policy of France at the Congress; but that the basis of all discussion should be the treaty of Villafranea, and embody the spirit of the despatches sent to Vienna and Rome from the French Foreign-office, all of which, it was maintained, favoured the restoration of the Princes of Central Italy, and the restoration of the revolted dominions of the Pope. Count Walew ski, says the letter before me, encouraged Prince Metternich and the Nuncio to suppose that he would be able to satisfy their demands and allay their fears. Austria and Rome, therefore, took up an attitude of expectancy which delayed the meeting of the Congress as proposed in the early days of January. But neither Austria nor Rome have up to this day positively said they will not send Plenipo tentiaries to Paris. The advisers of Francis Joseph and Pius IX. appear to be sadly perplexed to know how to act. They see France drawing closer and closer to England's views. There are 50,000 French.. men in Italy, and a native army of Central Italy, to support the will of the people of Tuscany, Mo dena, and Parma, and Garibaldi ready to take the field. They know also that foreign intervention would be met not only by the native forces of Central Italy but by France and Piedmont. If no Congress takes place it is expected that thee annexation of Central Italy to Piedmont will be agreed to between England, France, and Prussia, and probably Russia. Or if a kingdom of Central Italy be decided upon such a decision would be equally fatal to the aims of Austria and Rome. Turn the question how they may Austria and Rome will not gain anything by keeping away from the Congress, whilst they might secure something by their presence, sup ported by the smaller Powers of Europe. It is therefore the belief of the gentleman who writes to me that, although some delay may take place, even tually the Congress will meet, and Austria and Rome send their Envoys to Paris.—not willingly, perhaps, but rather from imperious necessity. I transcribe a closing remark of the letter before me : ----‘ Our Cabinet (the Austrian) do not feel surprised at the sympathy which England expresses towards the Italians; for years past almost all the Ministers of Great Britain accredited to Italians Courts have protected the Constitutional party, and written dis couraging despatches about the governing system of Rome, Tuscany, and the Neapolitan dominions. The press and people of England were suxe eventually to become anti-Austrian ; this was anticipated at Vienna, although Lord Aberdeen and his friends gave quite cont rary assurances at the commencement of the war. I must, however, assure you that it is not England which Austria fears, but France. A person near the Emperor said the other day, Eng land's word-sympathy for Italy will do us no harm ; the French army quartered at Milan lfi what we have to look to.' Th e r eports which reac..h Vienna from Hungary are causing much anxiety. The Hunga rians do not appear to be inclined to make friends , with Austria on any terms, although the aristocratic element of Hungary is declared to prevail over de mocratic ideas." PARIS BOURSE. —The market bas been more buoyant, and large purchases of stock having been made, prices have improved. Three s, after having been done at 68f. 60c., improved to 68f. 80c. Mobilier varied from 755 f. to 775 f. ; Lyons, 915 f. to 922 f. 50e. ; Orleans, 1,385 f. to 1,95 f.; Southern, 505 f. to 510 f. ; Lombard, 565 f. to 567 f. 50e. ; and Austrian, 545 f. to 547 f. The following were the last quotations:- 4k per Cents. 96 50 I Credit Fancier.... 615 Do. end month 96 —lBelgian •ti . — 3 per Cents 6B 901 Piedmon to so (5) .. 84 50 Do. end month 6B 95 Roman ... Ban.k Shares 2820 Austrian Mobilier .. 775 Spanish Threes Do. Account ..... 780 Home D 4 ebt 42} RAILWAYS. Oasis- Orleans' 1390 - Account. .. 1395 Northern 930 .. 930 832 .5 ) BlO New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 925 .. 923 Geneva 515 . .. 525 Southern Western 572 50 .. Eastern Sardinian 405 -- 405 Austrian Lombard .... ... Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 10c. ; money, 25f. 9c.; three montks, paper, 24f. 95c.; money, 24f. 93±c SARDINIA., A letter from Turin of the sth inst. says: — Garibaldi, at the request of the Ministry, and by the advice of the King, has dissolved the society called the " Armed Nation." The day before yes terday and yesterday remonstrances of every kind arrived at Turin. The alarmists at home, and, as I have reason to believe, oar diplontatists abroad, have urged the Cabinet to diminiah the effect of Garibaldi's acts at Turin, the foundation of the " Armed Nation," the Trombetta, &c. In short, being appealed to, urged, and even blamed, Gari baldi was fain tb leave the field, into which he had beret driven by Brofferio. He drevrnp yesterday a new proclamation, which I send yoru:— " To THE ITALIANS.. " Summoned by some of my fri, ;nds to try the par; of conciliator between all the fractions of the Italian liberal party, I was invited to accept the presidency of a society to be called the Armed Nation. " But, as the armed Italian nation is a fact that terrifies everything disloyal, corrupting, and tyran nical, whether in Italy or out of it, the crowd of modern Jesuits has become alarmed, and cried out, ' Anathema !' " The government of the gallant King has been importuned by the alarmists, and in order not to compromise it I have decided on abandoning the noble object proposed to us. " With the unanimous assent of all the members of the society, I declare, then, the Society of the Armed Nation dissolved, and I invite every Italian that loves his country to assist by his subscription towards the acquisition of a million muskets. If, with a million muskets, Italy, in presence of the foreigner, should be incapable of arming a million soldiers, we should have to despair of humanity. Let Italy arm and she will be free. " G. GARIBALDI. " Turin, Jan. 4, 1860, 5 p.m." * * * Garibaldi left this morning for Milan. I just caught a glimpse of him. He looks bored, he is always very calm, perfectly self-possessed when he has to take any important resolution, but as for his speeches, his discussions, his secondary proceedings, he lets himself be acted upon too much by those about him. In this piece of business, exhibiting the phantom of party-union, they have gone very bunglingly. to work under the cover of his name. The Perseveranza of Milan, of the 3d inst. says : "At its sitting of the 2d, the Communal Council of Milan voted unanimously the sum of 40,000 f. towards the monument the Italians iatend erecting at Paris, as a mark of their gratitude to France. The council voted also 6,000 f. towards the monu ment intended to be raised at Magenta in comme moration of the glorious battle which opened the gates of Lombardy to the liberating armies." SPAIN AND MOROCCO. The following is the official despatch of the battle of Castillejos, sent by the Spanish Commander-in- Chief to the Spanish Government : " Camp of Loss Castillejos, Jan. 1, 7 p.m. "At seven o'clock this morning I mounted on horseback, and have not left the saddle till seven this evening. The enemy obstinately opposed our movement, without, however, being able to prevent it. General Prim advanced beyond the limits I had traced for him, and he took positions where his Division encamped. "In addition to his Division, eight battalions only of the 2d Division took part in the combat. The Hussars gave brilliant proofs of courage; one of their charges was heroic ; they penetrated into the enemy's camp, carrying off a cavalry standard. I look upon this feat of arms as the most important which has as yet taken place, as the enemy showed obstinate resistance. We are encamped on the positions we have taken. The troops fought bravely. Generals Zabala, Prim, and O'Donnell especially distinguished themselves. I cannot give an exact return of our loss ; I estimate it at from 400 to 600 men ; that of the enemy at 1,500. Their loss was very considerable, owing to the deter mined attempts they made to retake and maintain their positions. According to the statement of prisoners the enemy's force under Muley-Abbas is from 40,000 to 50,000 strong. I think this is exaggerated." The Madrid Gazette of the 3d contains a tele graphic despatch from the Queen to the Commander in-Chief of the army in Africa, expressing her satisfaction at the conduct of the troops in the affair of Castillejos; also a despatch from the general at the latter place, stating the loss of the Spaniards in the combat of the Ist, already announced by tele gram from Madrid, to be 450 wounded and 50 killed ; also that the Moors had raised their camp and were advancing parallel to the Spaniards, at a distance of a few miles. At Castillejos there are some remains of fortifications and some defensive works con structed by the Moors. PR USSIAf The conference to take into consideration mea sures for fortifying the coasts of Germany will meet at Berlin on the 9th inst. All the coast States except Hanover have accepted the invitation. In his reply to the Ministers on the congratula tions on New-year's-day, the Prince Regent espe cially thanked the Minister of Finances for the readiness he had displayed, with the consent of the Chambers, to place at his disposal the necessary sums for the organisation of the army. Prussia is actively carrying on preparations for defence, and urges upon all the other States to do the same. NBWSTEAD ABBEY. This grand old ecclesiastical structure and the rich appendages, around which so many historical associations crowd, but which are most generally known from the fact that they once formed the noble heritage of " Childe Harold," will in a few days, owing to the death of their gallant owner, Colonel Wildman, fall under the hammer of the auctioneer. The Church of Rome omits no oppor tunity of regaining possession of those rich estates that once constituted the patrimonies of the various religious fraternities scattered over England, and she will no doubt be found among the most active competitors at the sale. We first find mention of " Newstede" in the year 1170, when a monas terrayntf 50byacXreisn,g Henry 11., and a piece of arable we granted k i f t o h u n a d e p d a r t k h e o e land called Abbey Field, lying between the Monas tery and the town of Papplewick, together with certain freedoms and pr i v i leges, and large tracts of land in Sherwood Forest, to the canons regular of the Order of St. Austin. It was no doubt from the brethren of this religious fraternityy - that about 30 years afterwards " Bold Robin Hood," the patriotic free ranger of merry Sherwood, levied that compulsory tribute which enabled him to per form those many acts of benevolence among the poor of the adjacent towns of Nottingham and Mansfield, which, combined with his intrepidity and skill as an archer, have placed his name among those of the national heroes of England. The religious fraternity appear to have retained pos session of Newstead Abbey and its broad and beautiful lands, until deprived of them by King Henry VIII., who, in the year 1540, granted them to John, afterwards Sir John Byron, whose name has some special interest for this district, he having at the same time granted to him the stewardship of Manchester and Rochdale, as well as the Lieutenancy of Sherwood Forest, New stead Abbey continued in the hands of the Byron family, and was their principal residence, until it came into the posse ssion of the late George Gordon, Lord Byron, of poe tic memory, who sold it in 1818 to Mr. Thomas Clawton, who re-sold it and its ex tensive park and appendages to the late proprietor, Colonel Wildman, for £lOO,OOO. The colonel greatly improved the estate, and resto re d a l arge por ti on o f the old building; and a very considerable advance upon the last purchase money will now no doubt be obtained. " D ur i ng the t i me, " says T homas Bailey, the local historian, " the abbey was in the possession of the religious fraternity to which it be longed, the monks served at several distinct altars devoted to prayer for the health of the founder and different benefactors. * * * A considerable portion of the old abbey is still remaining, partly' in ruin and partly embodied in the general archi tecture of the house. The church, originally a mag nificent structure, as may be readily perce i ve d b y the majestic ruin in front of the edifice, in the form of the west end of a cathedral, adorned with rich carvings, was generally allowed to sink into a con dition of neglect and dilapidation, though the south aisle was incorporated into, and still forms part of, the building. The cloisters exactly resemble those o f Westminster Abbey, only on a smaller scale, and have a very touching and venerable appear pearance, especially when asso c i a t e d w i t h t h e that many of the ancient occupants are still sleep ing beneath the pavement, waiting the summons of the great day of account.'" This " cloistered sanctuary of the venerable dead" is now a tho roughfare for the domestics; an extensive and an cient crypt under the cloisters has for many years been used as the ce llarage of the house ; the choir room is transformed into a bath-room, and the burial ground for the inmates of the abbey is now an elegant garden, where stands the famous pedes tal of white marble, erected by Lord Byron to the memory of his favourite Newfoundland dog. Tem ywa mutantur.—Balford Weekly News. The Salut Public of Lyons says :—" A petition addressed to the Senate is now being signed by the female operatives in this city„ in which the petitioners pray that all men who attain the age of 40 without marrying may be compelled to pay a tax asunproductive members of society." floc pri e Th e ram for nisi neg lan, com real spec new that Th to pa the of Ti Loan fair a under i to and S Great York! 108, The takink adya n Were 1 15. Trura Poi there Londe Coun Austi Mad: were A ustri Ditt = erav,