The Sun. — London, England, 1869-02-25 00:00:00

E. 2131 7 1. OF TILL PUBLIC JOURNALS. 23771e8 thinks that moderation is a quality which is little esteemed by the- representatives of the clergy in Convocation. An overwhelming majority of the Lower House decided that the address proposed by the bishops was insufficient., and must be amended. The purport of the " rider" thus adopted was, at least, simple. It besought the Queen to refuse her assent to any bill repeal ing any parts of certain statutes affecting the rights and privileges of the clergy, and, further, to refuse her assent to any bill alienating to secular purposes ecclesiastical revenues. It was to no purpose the Dean of Ely remarked that such an addition would jeopardise the Crown, since it prayed her Majesty to put herself into conflict with Parliament. What is the jeopardy of the Crown to an Order whose own temporal privileges are in jeopardy ? " Better jeopardise the Queen's Crown," cried one archdeacon, "than destroy the Church." We know what " destroying the Church " means. There is no question of the liberty and freedom of action of the disestablished and disendowed Irish Church. Has it any faith to preach? It can preach it still. Would it prose lytise ? It may proselytise, and no one can have a pre tence of interference. But it is proposed that endowments improperly bestowed should be resumed. It is suggested that the empty pomp of precedence should be abolished. These projects are sufficient to arouse the passion of an Order. It matters not what course the Upper House may adopt with reference to the " riders " fastened upon their address by Canon Selwyn and Archdeacon Denison. We hope for their own sake they will refuse to assent to these wild additions ; but, however that may be,. this manifestation of opinion by the representatives of cathedral chapters and parochial clergy must teach Mr. Gladstone how vain have been his untiring efforts to win for himself the co-operation of the main body of the English clergy. No man has ever striven after this object more earnestly than he. Through good report and evil report he has endeavoured to obtain their approval. His attitude towards them has been one of profound humility. It has been a. source of sincere sorrow to him that the humblest country curate should denounce his- pOlicy. He must now,.like a resolute surgeon, proceed to per form his duty to the nation, unmoved by either the scolding or the supplications of the patient or his ill judging friends. The Standard thinks that the parliamentary government of the army is marching on apace. There is a well-known reply of Sidney Herbert's to a question touching military discipline, asked by some ardent Reformer in the House of Commons, " Sir, I would beg to remind this House that the discipline of her Majesty's army is in her Majesty's hands, and that this House has' no control over it." That theory was fully accepted by military men, and the general understanding has been, that when once Parliament had passed the Mutiny Act, and voted the supplies for the year, its control of mili tary discipline was practically as well as theoretically over, until the question of the army must again come for ward, when Parliament should be asked for the renewal of the Mutiny Act and a fresh grant of supply. But it cannot have escaped notice that of late years there has grown up and rapidly increased a tendency on the part of Parliament to interfere in matters relating to the disci pline of the army, by questions put to the Secretary of State for War, or motions placing on record the opinion of the House. But a point has been reached now at which that parliamentary interference is likely to become very much increased, for the independence of the Commander-in-chief, in whom bas hitherto been vested the maintenance of the discipline of the army, virtually received its death-blow at the hands of Mr. Cardwell on Wednesday night. The signifi cance of his answer cannot be overrated. He said that the Duke of Cambridge is not Commander-in-Chief, but Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief, and that he holds this title and appointment, not by warrant, but by what is technically called a letter of service addressed to him, 14 command of her Majesty, by the Secretary of State for War ; that the authority of the Secretary of State for War is supreme, and can be brought to bear on minor promo tions, and—mark this—that he " entirely agreed in the opinion that it ought to be brought to bear upon matters connected with the discipline of the army." The Post thinks that Lord Shaftesbury's'Ectl4si'astical Courts Bill is completely deficient. It provides for some useful reforms in respect of bishops' registers and appari tors, but all besides is positively bad. But a glaring defect in this bill is that while it entirely alters the procedure in suits against the clergy, it does nothing to amend the confessed defects of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as the supreme appellate tribunal in cases of religious doctrine. Indeed, it is not difficult to see that the bill is in every respect a party measure, intended, under cover of a thorough reform of the Edclesiastical Courts, to provide a cheap and easy way of harassing clergymen who do not succeed in pleasing everybody ; for while all the anomalies of the jurisdiction of the Judicial Committee remain unredressed, the procedure in the courts below is rendered even more un fair and vexatious than it is now. It is perfectly monstrous, in these days when toleration is more widely claimed than ever, and when large-lwartedncsa in all matters of reli gious opinion seems to be the only clue to peace and good will, that facilities should be multiplied by which persons, in no way interested beyond the indulgence of party spirit or litigious propensities, should have it in their power to maintain in defiance of their bishop a succession of paltry persecutions against clergymen with whose reli gious views or practices they eo not agree. The Herald believes that Sir Massey Lopes achieved a great success on Tuesday night. As an independent member, he moved for a royal commission on local taxa tion, supporting his motion by an array of arguments and figures which carried the House with him, and extorted acknowledgments of his candour and ability from speakers on both sides. At the outset he disclaimed all desire to import into the debate anything of a party character, rightly treating the subject he had undertaken to handle as one which involved a generally.relt grievance, for the removal of which he trusted rather to 1, general recognition of a just demand than to any accidental or fortuitous con. curvnce cf less worthy influences. The event shewed that he had judged wisely. Early in the evening Mr. Goschen rose and proved, to his own satisfaction, that there would be some undefined and indefinable impropriety in referring a question of local rating to a royal commission, and that, therefore, the evil, though admitted, must continue unredressed. At the close of the debate, howeVer, Mr. Gladstone had to explain away the effect of his colleague's speech, by putting a construction upon it of which no one else had thought it capable. As understood or interpreted by the leader of the Government, the speech was nothing more than a protest, on behalf of the House of Commons, against delegating its own right to take the initiative in mitiere of taxation to any other body. This single success of Sir Massey Lopes is the more important, coming as it does, upon the heels of other movements in the same direction. A few months ago Mr. Goschen /aimself diieeted attention to taxation in the metropolis, and drew a tempting picture of the wonderful things that might be done with a local income tax of a penny in the pound. Since then the metropolitan rate payers have made their discontent audible, complaining that their burdens had nearly or quite reached the breaking weight. Concurrently with these, wehave had agitations for the equalisation of rating by an extension of the rating area ; an idea with which Mr. Gathorne Hardy's Act has made the public mind practically familiar. Last year Mr. Percy Wyndham struck the first bloW at the unjust exemp tion of metalliferous mines from local burdens, and several of the speakers on Tuesday alluded in varying tones to the possible proposal of a national poor rate. All these are indications of a feeling that the time has come when the growth of local imposts should be closely watched, and their incidence should be fairly distributed. The Telegraph says that the Ministerial policy on the subject of the Irish Church will soon be fully discussed. Mr. Gladstone at the time opposed th e Appropriation Clause, and his published speeches show that, in this respect, his sentiments remain unaltered. His view is that, considering the particular circumstances of Ireland, there ought not to be any preference or priority of religious communions. The disestablishment which he e proposes is absolute and total. The State shall cease to contribute, or to enforce and assist the levy of contribu tions, for any denomination whatever. Not merely the endowments of the Establishment, but also the grants to the Roman Catholics and to the Presbyterians, are to cease altogether. Consequently, if Mr. Gladstone's policy be accepted, the phrase " surplus revenue " ceases to have any . meaning. There can be no such revenue, simply because he proposes that, subject to an ample and liberal provision for life interests,. not one farthing of money shall hereafter be raised or collected, under the authority of the State, for either Churchmen, Romanists, or Presbyterians. That the great reform now Meditated does present serious difficulties, no one who has btudied the subject will deny ; I:4n; the attitude of the country, the temper of Parliament, and the disposition of the Ministers are all in favour of a soberly considered and satisfactoty solution. The Government i 3 firm and resolute in its policy o making the disestalilislim en t .Ind disendowment complete, and it will extend that rule to all religious communions alike; but on the other hand, the Cabinet is prepared to deal liberally with the possessors of vested interests, and to include in the measure important economical reforms. Probably some of the most vehement .antagonists will he converted at least to acquiescence when they come to study in detail the opus magnum. of Mr. Gladstone. The First Lord of the Admiralty has issued a minute ordering that all officers shall be found punctually of their posts at 10 a.m. PABLIAILE.YTARY .PETITIONS. -o the first report of the select committee of the House of Commons on public petitions includes a variety of subjects. First and foremost on the list come the several petitions for the reform of the Reform Bill, and these deal with four questions—the adoption of the Ballot, the nomi nation of candidates, female suffrage, and alteration in the ratepaying clauses. Next in order come the petitions re specting the disendowment of the Irish Church. The number of petitions in favour of the measure are 45, the signatures 16,848 ; the committee, however, believe that in some cases several names are in the same handwriting. The Tiverton and East Devon Chamber of Agriculture have presented a petition for the establish ment of county financial boards, while from Scotland and Northumberland come petitions for alteration in, the Duty on Degs Act. We are glad to find that the petitions for the repeal or reduction of the fire insurance duty are numerous, and still more numerous are those for an altera tion in the law of licenses (beerhouses). The latter are thirteen in number, and come frOm all parts of the country. The poor law, the bankruptcy law, the foreign cattle trade, appeals for the extension of the Harbours and Passing Tolls Act are numerous; while weare not surprised to fiud the grievances of merchant seamen have been brought under the notice of Parliament. Irish railways occupy a prominent place, the petitions for consolidation amounting to thirteen. Among the very latest petitions is one for an inquiry into the proposed roadway on the Thames Embank ment. Less reasonable is the 121st petition on the list, in which Mr. Morrison, of the College of Health, Eu ston road, " believing that vaccination is very injurious to the system," prays the House that the vaccination laws may be repealed. .ROMAN CATHOLIC EDUCATION. A numerously-attended meeting, under the presidency of the Right Hon. the Earl of Gainsborough, was held on Tuesday at Marylebone, for the purpose of adopting measures to secure to the Roman Catholics of England the denominational system of education. Lord Gains borough, in opening the proceedings, remarked that the importance of the subject under discussion could not be exaggerated, as upon it. depended, in no small degree, their welfare, both in thistivorld and in the next. No Catholic should alloivt-his children to receive any other education than tone purely denominational. He felt certain that they w,u1,1, one and all, strive, by every means in their power, to bring about the denomina tional system in Engl .n 1, and to extend it to Ireland. They had met there Um.; n if it to express their opinion upon it, because they knew that their opinion would be of some weight, and for that reason they ought to express it often. The noble earl concluded his observations by calling upon Major O'Reilly, M.P., to propose the first resolution. Major O'Reilly moved, "That this meeting acknowledges the necessity of upholding the denomina tional system of education, and pledges itself to sup port it by all lawful means." It was, he said, a matter of no small importance to give the poor Catholic children of London a proper training, not merely in secular knowledge, but also in the prin ciples of their religion, that they might be able to dis tinguish right from w ong. It was a fact that there were more Irish Catholics in London than there were in the metropolis of their own country ; and could they be well educated in the principles of their faith when young, they would rarely depart from them in old age. The resolution, being seconded by the Hon. and Very Rev. Dr. Talbot was carried unanimously. THE CONVENT CASE. The convent case is drawing near its close, and the public interest, as represented by the crowds round the doors of the court, is reviving. Mr. Mellish resumed his address to the jury yesterday. He argues from the position and character of Mrs. Starr that it would be impossible to believe all that is said against her ; while the depositions of the plaintiff make the charges against her possible, to say the least. Taking each item one by one in the various classes, he contends that those brought against the defendants are improbable, while those brought against Miss Saurin are in, many cases absolutely proved, and in other cases are by no means unreasonable. He pointed out that all the sisters wanted to get rid of Miss Saurin. The question wiih regard to the children's food is not so much that Miss Saurin took the food, but that the sisters informed Mrs. Starr she did, and that the latter believed it. The sisters spoke strongly to circumstances which led them to believe Miss Saurin did take it. The evidence of the young children called yesterday in contradiction should be received with caution. '1 hey did not speak the particular facts, but only that th..•y did not recollect being slapped five years ago, or that they Lad lost any food. C'a Ing attention to the letter from the plaintiffs hrot!.er, he :p ke of it as a most extraordinary document ; it was equally ex traordinary that he, a confessor and a Jesuit, could have acted in such a manner. What an enormous exaggeration it was, and could they for a moment believe that he had obtained information in his priestly character and then have made it public. One operation, he said, had been repeated four times, and anyone reading it would have concluded that she had been scourged. She was, he said, physically supported by God, and that would lead to the inference that she was being starved. It would be wrong to make the plaintiff answerable for this letter. No mortal man could say Low much of that letter was the invention of the man who wrote it. The Lord Chief Justice : It might have been their joint production. Mr. Mellish: I don't make that charge, but it chews beyond all possible doubt that Mrs. Starr might have had excellent reasons for keeping the letters of this man from his sister, as being unfit for her to read. After some further comments on other matters, Mr. Mellish indirectly protested against the action having been brought at all. The bishop in this case was the proper person to remove ; and this court will not inquire into the ques tion whether he acted according to the Roman Catholic law or not. If he mistook that law, Miss Saurin had a remedy in an appeal to the archbishop. This action is brought to vindicate her character in the eyes of the Roman Catholic world, in order that she night resume her conventual life ; but your verdict would not have tte slightest effect with regard to the latter, because she had an appeal to the archbishop. What reason was there to suppose that perfect justice would not have been done her if she had appealed Archbishop Manning is a gentleman of high honour, a most learned and just man, and if the plaintiff was dissa tisfied with his decision, she had an appeal to a holy see. Thene is nothing we know of in the private character of his Holiness to lead us to believe that in a matter of this kind that he also would not have done perfect justice in her case. The Solicitor-General, replying on the whole case, argnea, of course ; in favour of his client's tale being one of hard ships; he commented on the triviality of a great deal that had had to be tried, and, taking up each case one by one, contended that his client had been very badly treated. The Lord Chief Justice promised in the course of the arguments that he wou'd so 1 y the c I.se before the jury that they would not have to try the cause over again. The Solicitor -General continues his speech to-day. NEWSPAPER PRESS FUND.—The managing com mittee of the Newspaper Press Fund have appointed Saturday, the sth of June, for the anniversary dinner at Willis's Rooms, at which Mr. Reverdy Johnson, the American Minister, will preside. At the Wednesbury Police Court, on Tuesday, four cases of infringement of the Miues Inspection Act came under consideration. The Government inspector was the prosecutor in each cas . .. A charter master was charged wilh absenting himself from a colliery without leaving a competent person in charge. This case was adjourned. The owner of another colliery was charged with having insecurely fenced the shaft of an old pit; a third offender had n'glected to provide a proper steam gauge to a boil: r in use in his colliery; ar.d a fourth, a chartermaster, had allowed a boy under 15 to work the raising machinery in a gin pit: This offender was fined .C 26, while the other two bad lighter fines imposed. The Liverpool magistrates have afpointed a depu. tation of justices from the bench, to co-operate with depu tations from other places, in pr.senting memorials to the Home Secretary, praying for au alteration in the present licensing system. Messrs. Lawrence, Robertson, Gladstone, and Caine were chosen, and it was resolved that the two points raised by the Salford bench should be supported, these two points being that all licenses should be granted by one and the same authority, and that all licensed houses should b. , required to close at an earlier and a un'fornt" hour. Some regret war expressed tlntt CI., Goverment ha I not shown mor., dispo:ition to deal with thy• qu-stioo, and it was deter mined that grunt presst.: - .3 sh.3u:d b brought to bear upon them. A Foniew'rat rem:la:able correspondeacc. says the Manckester Goard:o7, taken place between tho Bishop of Natal and one of tilo clergy of the Znlu wiss!on. In the course of it letter to th Rev. Mr. Robertson the Bishop wrote:—'You are still living. I hear, on land granted to me for the Church of England, and over which I claim the right of proprictorsLip, and shall exercise it at the proper thm , s,(l proper wa. - ." Mr. Robertson, in his reply, addresses Dr. Colons() as "'The Right Rev. the Letters Pat e nt Nshop of Nat, l and defies him to turn him off the land. "I have n advantage," wrote this meek and courteous mibister. I the Gospel, "which the citizens of m oscow had not, viz., a halfpenny Lox of matches. - Should you lie aide to tun, 1116 nit, you would obtain nothing but a heap of smoking ruins. I should utterly destroy the labour er eiziat rears." MISCELLANEOUS L ETV& THE - SON, LONDON, THritSDAY - EVENING, FEBReARY 25, 1869. lefOr-Gericral Scat, for the fist 11*,*e gears Mat the Transfer of L! - .ad Commission will not have its report ready before Easter, but will no doubt recognise the system of parliamentary title and transfer embodied in the bills introduced by Lord Cairns in 1859; and that Mr. Thring, the draughtsman of the principal bills intro duced into Parliament by the Government, has been appointed Parliamentary Counsel, at £2,500 a year, and Mr. Jenkins has been appointed his permanent assistant, at £1,200. ODITTrAII7. To-day's obituary Contains the names of Mr. George Robert Smith, a Liberal M.P. for High Wycombe f i rom 1838 to 1841; Mr. John Curling, who has been during the last eight years an unsuccessful candidate at Dartmouth, Tavistock, and Devizes ; Dr. Charles Kinnear, Deputy-Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets; and the Rev. RobertWatkinson, senior member of the University of Cambridge. The last-named gentleman, who has died at the advanced age of 04 years, was formerly second master of the Charter house, and was for thirty-eight years vicar of Earls Colne. He was one of the few surviving graduates of the last century, having taken his B.A. degree in 1798, when he was fifteenth senior optime. The pre ferment vacant by his death is worth £072 a year, and is in private patronage. THE PRINCE OF WALES. The Prince of Wales prefers travelling in the East to doing deputy-sovereign in the West. He means to continue his travels until the first week of May; and as diplomatic relations between Greece and Turkey will, in all probability, shortly be restored, he will visit his brother-in-law, King George, and the Sultan. COUNTIES AND PAEISHES. A correspondent of the Times is very anxious that some definite understanding should be come to re specting the terms used in our local statistics. The terms parish and county are sometimes employed by the Poor-law authorities and the Registrar- General in one sense, and sometimes in another. Formerly everyone knew what a parish was, but lately it has meant any place separately assessed to the poor rate. In the same way an educational return, moved for by Mr. Bruce last year, was arranged in counties as generally understood, while a second return on the same sub pet was re-arranged in a different grouping— in registration counties," a term signifying the groups of unions as divided by the Poor-law Board and the Registrar-G eneral. The writer in ques tion suggests that the old words should stand for parishes and counties as we have always understood them, and that the words " township " and," depart. ment "should be used by the authorities for the par ticular distinctions which they wish to make. We shall then all know what we are talking about and what statistics moan, and so got rid Of a most unnecessary source of confusion and mistake. THE LONDON, CHATHAM, AND DOVER RAILWAY COMPANY. When, following the example of all the railway companies which had paid dividends out of capital, the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway Company came to grief during the continuance of the monetary crisis, the cry immediately was for breathing-time. An application to Parliament gave the directors several years to breath in, and stopped all suits against the company for a length of time. Vice- Chancellor Stuart, who by the way is rather peculiar in many of his opinions on the power and position of Chancery, ref erring to this Act of the Legislatu re, spoke of it as having been obtained by " a gross imposition on the Legislature." It gave rise, he declared, to litigation, which was death and destruction to the shareholders. It seems that no motion has been made by the company towards the settlement of claims, and as yet the only result of the Act has been to postpone the settlement of just claims. BRASS CHAINS. A correspondent of the Times comments on the danger that may arise from the use of brass chains in suspending gaseliers. Ile has been collecting infor mation on the subject for many years, and has seen brass wire 1 e 9me so brittle that it could be broken into short pieces between the fingers. The links of brass chains which have been employed in suspend ing gaseliers undergo a similar change ; but this is produced by spontaneous physical changes in the metal, and not by atmospheric corrosion. Only certain varieties of brass can be thus affected, and the explanation may be found in the presence of foreign matters in small proportion. Copper does not become tender and brittle like brass. TEEM TURF. That momentous question, "Is the Turf bene ficial in its influence on manners, morals, or the breed of horses ?" seems to admit of as many diffe rent opinions as any subject of the day. Generally, however, the NUL: will be disposed to say, Certainly not on manners or morals : and the evidence brought together by the letters in the Times disposes us to doubt whether the racecourse is of the slightest use to the nation. The Bon. Percy Wyndham, writes again on the subject, and argues that after we have taught horses to run half-a-mile, or two miles, as the case may be, at an extraordinary pace, we have done comparatively nothing. What is the use of a horse who can run that distance if he can do nothing else ? Endurance is a better test of a horse than speed, and Mr. 'Wyndham argues that the one cannot be obtained without serificing to some extent the other. If this discussion lead only in the slightest way to the change of the Turf from a betting. ring into a trial of horses for work, it will do good.. But, unfortunately, those who rule in the matter :ire those who have obtained their position through their love of gambling. CONVOCATION. The Convocations of the two English provinces are meeting simultaneously. In that of the northern province some important subjects have been dis cussed—the interference of the Bishop of Manchester in the election of proctors, the insufficient representa tion of the clergy, the reform of Convocation, and the retirement of aged incumbents on a pension. The Archbishop of York stated that he had commenced proceedings against the Rev. C. Voysey, author of a volume of sermons called " The Sling and the Stone," which are said to be heretical. In the southern province, where bishops and clergy sit separately, the proceedings are much more lengthy. The bishops' address to the Queen stated that "we look forward with deep anxiety . to mea sureswhich maybe proposed to Parliament respecting the Irish branch of the United Church of England and Ireland, and we pray that whatever course may eventually receive the sanction of the Legislature may tend to that which we all desire—the peace, enlightenment, and good government of Ireland." The matters already mentioned for discussion include the representation of the unbeneficed clergy, the better enforcement of discipline upon immoral, clergymen, the C our t o f Fi na l Appeal, the present system of patronage, the exchange and sale of livings, the public examination of candidates for holy orders, additional services, a new version of the Bible, the temperance question, and the Irish Church. The last subject gave rise to an animated discussion. Archdeacon Denison denounced Mr. Gladstone's bill (the terms of which are not yet known) as an abominable measure. Canon Blakesley, the " Hertfordshire Incumbent" of the Thnes, said that, though a Liberal, he regretted that Mr. Gladstone had rallied his party on this sub ject. The Dean of Ely (Dr. Harvey Goodwin) pointed out that a motion proposed by Canon Selwyn for presenting an address to the Crown, praying her Majesty not to make any alteration the status of the Irish Church, would, if acted upon by her Majesty, bring her into conflict with Par!la-; ment. Archdeacon Grant said that the I r i s h Oh urc h could on no pretence be considered national, and that if we did not introduce an Established Church into the colonies, a fortiori the Protestant Church should not be estabfished in Ireland. The discussion lasted for several hours, an eventually Canon Selwyn's motion was carried, in spit 4 of the High Church Dean of Ely's warning that it asked the Queen to put herself in hostility to Parliament, and the Broad Church Dean of West minster'saussedas n pro Irish protest that Church the measure matter could v no a t bedainst bef ore Parliament. ELECTION PETITIONS. Happy the 111.P.'s whose names were low down in the list of election petitions. Petitioners have this year had to take a leap in the dark. They had a new tribunal to deal with, and could not tell whether it would be rigorous or lenient. The Wallingford and Westminster cases shew that the judges are certainly not merciless, and the consequence is that the number of petitions is likely to be considerably reduced. Each trial has rendered more clear the evidence required to establish a petition ; each trial has shewn that this evidence must be exceedingly strong. So the petitioners who had not a very strong case are, as in the cases of Hull, Shrewsbury, and North Derby, withdrawing f rs r eo o Tli m hcietor tr: : :l. At the present rate of progress the whole of the cases will be disposed of before Easter. Solicitor-General, ila army of candidates for the representation over of prompt. cael, . It amongwill lisbe not t em at t a h ll e legislators Iris PreseniaSurely the would-be likely that the City of the Kingsupon 110 choose another member just Suet, if at TIIE GOVERNMENT. The thelsays: "With regard to the recent adverse rumours that have been circulated, we am Kble to assert that the Cabinet are in perfee; accord on the, subject of the very simple measure . which is to be introduced neat - Monday for the dis-3kablish ment of the Irish Church, and which will be the com plete embodiment of the policy already developed by Mr. Gladstone.:' This statement indirectly conarms our own, that the Ministry had got ovi r their dif ficulties for the present ; it does not contradict the original statement as to the existence of those diiii cult'es. It seems to imply, moreover, that the whole subject of the Irish Church will not be dealt with at " very simple measure" could not accomplish that. ond a The Owl contradicts the rumour that the Admiralty intend to combine the duties of commanders-in chief on the home shtions with the superintendent ships of the dockyards. From the same journal- wt learn that Major-General Fromehas been offered the T.i.„±,~.,a of Guernsey. held by THE IRISH CHUIICH. As the time draws near for Mr. Gladstone to oring his measure on the Irish Church, the defenders of the Establishment in Ireland are beginning to see that disestablishment, sooner or later, is inevitable. The number who hope to avert the danger by ignoring it is becoming daily smaller. The Evening Mail of Dublin rather startled this decreasing party by an article, which in effect acquiesces in Mr. Gladstone's policy. The Mow must come, and everything should be done to lessen its force. This is the more reasonable language of the Irish Churchmen of to-day. But a great deal of jealousy blocks the way to united action. The Conservatives won't act with their Liberal brethren, and one organisation threatens to come to grief on this account. Those who have at any time spoken of disestablishment as being just are looked upon with very jealous eyes by those who have upheld, through good and ill report, the sanctity of the union between Church and State. But on all hands the necessity of lay co-operation is acknow ledged, and steps are being taken to obtain the representation of the body of the Church in the diocesan synods. Other means, too, are being used for bringing the clergy face to face with their flocks ; and for securing unity of interest between minister and neonle. TEISII GRIEVANCES. A correspondent writes that Ireland wants some thing more than legislation, and something more than measures for dealing with the Church or the land. Ile thinks the exciseman a more objectionable person than the clergyman, and would get rid of the first altogether, so that Ireland might raise its own tobacco and sugar. The raising of the latter article is more practicable than that of the former. Tobacco would require more sun than the moist skies of Ire land have to offer. But sugar can be extracted from bootroot, and for this both th© Irish soil fturl climate are admirably adapted. FOREIGN NOTES. OUR RELATIONS WITH CHINA. The Owt announces that the revision of the Treaty with China is making rapid progress at Pekin. Many impor tant concessions have been made by the Chinese Govern. ment, which seems determined to carry out its policy of opening China to European civilisation, provided that the changes be not too rapid for the ultra-Conservatism of the empire. The Owl adds that the vexed question of the residence of foreigners in the interior has also been con ceded, but it is hardly likely that the privilege will be much used, owing to the complications to which it will give rise. Affairs in Japan are still unsettled. The northern princes who submitted to the Mikado have coalesced in the Council Chamber with the party hostile to him, and the struggle will be renewed on diplomatic grounds. BELGItilf. The vehement dispute respecting the Belgian Railway Bill ought at least to produce one effect. If the French Government is just, M. de la GuerroniZTe, the French Ambassador at Brussels, will not be per mitted to retain his post. :M. de la. Guerronire is not only ambassador, but also editor and pro prietor of La France, one of the papers most rancor ously opposed to the Belgian Government. The practice of writing or sanctioning articles directly hostile to the country to which he is accredited as representatives, is wholly indefensible. It is believed that M. de la Guerronisure wrote some of the invectives in La Ira•ance, but it is quite sufficient to know that it appeared in his paper. Indiscreet ambassadors are multiplying too rapidly. SPAIN. In the midst of the dreary work of revising the choice of the constituencies and electing the bureaux, the one topic of interest in Spain has been the question of the future sovereign. Marshal Prim has most decisively declared against the fallen branch of the Bourbon dynasty. The Duke of Aosta is no longer spoken of. The Government has given permission to the Duke of Mo.apensier to take up his residence in Spain, and some think th;s is an indication in his favour, especially as a vote of thanks has been given to Serrano, who is a great supporter of the Orleanist Prince. But Dom Fernando at present is the great centre of public attention. A telegram from Lisbon to Madrid announced that he had once more publicly declined to become a.can didate, but other intelligence is of a very different pur port. The O'i says that many of the leading men in Spain are striving to secure the nomination of Dom Fernando as King, with remainder to his grandson. The D. bats has a letter to the same effect. An Iberian union will, it is thought, be the almost certain result of such a choice, and, though there are many difficulties in the way, they are nut deemed insuperable. The scheme deserves to succeed. A united Peninsula, with a good Government, would be a benefit to the two nations, and another security for the peace of Europe. ITALY. The partisans of the ex-King of Naples have renewed the conflict on his behalf after the manner suggested by Captain Bobadil. Several duels have taken place at Naples between members of the Bourbon aristocracy and Italian officers. One of the former was severely wounded by a Chevalier Giordano for speaking slightly of the Princess Marguerite. The Chevalier was soon after informed by telegraph that the King had conferred upon him the Order of the Crown of Italy. GREECE. Greece considers herself betrayed. According to the Moscow Gazette, Greek animosity has for the time been transferred from Turkey to Russia ; the irritation againsi the Power which led the little State to involve itself is extreme. One of the " most moderate" of the Greek journals goes so far as to reproach Russia with having treacherously signed the declaration after having testified such goodwill to Greece, and shewn herself "so zealous for the annexation of Crete." The same journal adds that everyone in Greece is of opinion that " Russia had stopped short in her mission." This is not the only sign that the "ablest diplomacy in Europe" has been grievously at fault this time. THE WAR IN PARAGUAY. The victories of the Brazilians have not induced them to furnish an impartial narrative of events in Paraguay. At least, whilst all the sources of information are in their hands, the details are as conflicting as ever. There can be no doubt that the Allies have captured all the more important places, and that Lopez, if not a fugitive, can now present but an inconsiderable force to the enemy. Some accounts, however, state that the Dictator still possesses the means for keeping up a guerilla warfare. He has retired to the interior with all the inhabitants and the foreign consulates and legations. When Asuncion was taken not a soul was to be found in the Accounts from Rio Janeiro consider the utter defeat of Lopez and the extinction of his army as a matter of course. The Brazil papers occupy themselves chiefly with elaborating charges of atrocities against the Paraguriyan leader. The Dictator's brother, and very many others, including some ladies, had been executed, flogging, atarva• tion, and other tortures being previously practised. The cruelties inflicted upon these victim& are represented as exceeding anything known under the Inquisition. Lastly, Lopez is an arrant coward. As this last assertion is utterly false, there is much reason to believe that the rest may be included in the same category. The Brazilians have good reason for promulgating accounts of barbarities, since they form the only pretext for an aggressive war. But as Englishmen who have returned from Paraguay contradict such accounts, we may justifiably hesitate to accept them. Supposing, however, they are true, why should the Standard and the Herald so rejoice over the accuracy of their predictions? A3fERICA. The House of Representatives will not be baffled in its schemes of protection. The Republicans still ,possess the requisite two-thirds majority, and they accordingly passed the Copper Tariff Bill over the President's veto, and sent it to the Senate. Benjamin Green, f a miliarly known as " King," whose eccentricity reached insanity in his later years, died at the Concord (New Hampshire) insane hospital, on Sun day night, Jan. 9 4, at the ago of 74. His early life was passed in London, and in the English army and navy. His insanity was recent, and often on religious subjects, though frequently he fan&ed himself a monarch, and issued proc!amations lavishly, signed "Yours, most truly Bntj:onin Green, King and Defender of the Faith." Miss Sophia Howe, daughter of A. B. Howe, promin en t 667,01 of Springfield, Mass., has been missing sin ce the 30,1, u 7t . sl id is supposed to have wandered away (luring a fit of temporary insanity. A reward is offered for her nem erv. General Gecrne V 11. Thomas has denied, or at l aq stated, that h'e never authorized General Franklin to write that Le would not believe Generals Pope and Roberts on their oaths. 'rho letter was produced in the Senate during the deb,to a year ago in relation to the ease of Fitz-Johe Porter, who was then pushing for his rebtora lion to the rank of Maji)r-G , berni• DUNVILLE and Co., Belfast, are the largest holders of Whisky in the world. Their Old Irish Whisky is re commended.by the medical profession in preference to French brandy. Supplied in casks and cases for home use or exports Lion. Quotations on application to Messrs. Duuville and Co. Belfast; or 4, Beaufort-buildings, Strand, Lotalail W.O —Vi,d l Yenisei:neut. BRITISH EMIGRATION 70 AMERICA. No. VIIT.—MAINE. (From the Anglo-Ar:crican Tirrx3) Although Maine was settled by the English in 1625, four years after the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in Massachusetts, yet it was not one of the thirteen original States, being only admitted on March 3, 1820. It was not that Maine took no part in the War of Indpendence, for she did, but only as a section of Massachusetts, not as a State. Fier area is 35,000 square miles. and her population, according to the census of 1860, was 628.279. Out of so comparatively small a number Maine was called upon by the War Department, during the Civil contest, to furnish 72,365 men, but she actually sup plied 72,955, being an excess of 580 over the calls. Of these 66,191 were in the land service, 115 only being coloured. For the navyihe sailors she supplied were 6,754. Sixty-seven thousand five hundred and forty-five actually bore arms, of whom 20,101 were either killed or seriously disabled. Here, then, was a State, one of the furthest removed from the scene of action, settled among the first in the Union and in that settlement, purely English. which contri buted over 10 per cent. of her whole population, of whom, fit to bear arms, nn nation calculates the proportion to be more than 20 per cent. ; that is, she sent half, and of that half lost nearly a third in killed and maimed. These figures are worth noting, as they supply for Maine, as on inquiry would be found to be the case in other States, a full and complete answer to those who talk of the rebel lion having been suppressed by the Irish and Ger mans, of whom there are but few in M sine. The southernmost point of the State reaches close to the 43d parallel of North latitude, and extends something North .of 47, running beyond the pa rallel of Quebec. It penetrates into the British Dominions, by which it is more than half sur rounded to the Fast, North, and West. New Hampshire forms the rest of its . western I oundary, and the Atlantic Ocean washes its south-eastern shores. It has a magnificent sweep of coast up to New Brunswick to the entrance of the Bay of Fundy, dotted along the entire length with islands, of which there are 400, mostly small, but many of considerable size, inhabited and fer tile. Its coast line leis no equal in the Union, bold, rocky, and indented with beautiful bays and harbours. From this sea coast the country in the southern portion is comparatively level for twenty miles inland. The interior is hilly, the northern portion rising into bold and imposing mountains, often rocky and sterile, the Peak of Katandin being 5,385 feet above the sea level. The most fertile tract is between the rivers Penobscot and Kennebec. On the latter stands the State capital Augusta, and on the former the city of Bangor, one of the most thriving of Maine, and the centre of its lumber trade. Generally, the middle of the southern por tion is the most peopled, as the land is there most fer tile and available. Immense pine forests cover the unoccupied parts, giving employment to the nume rous lumbermen engaged in cutting, felling, and sawing the logs which furnish the great trade of the State. Prier to 1832, 200.000.000 feet were surveyed ; within the next ten years ending 1842 the quantity was 610.000,000 ; the next decade gave 1,614,000,000; and that ending 1862,1,737,000.0!)0 feet. Then the trade seemed to slacken, for in the year 1862 162,000.000 only were cut, but it in creased slightly in the following year, though it de clined in 1861, continuing its downward course until 1865, when it took a sudden staring upwards i n 1866, the quantity that yearbeine237,l47.oooft. The centres of this industry are the Penobscot and Aroo stook valleys, and•more especially does it. thrive in the former at the present time, notwithstanding the decline in shipbuilding. Indeed, the yield is now estimated at three times the amount cut in 1866. The fact. that the State is covered with these valu able forests is but half Maine's advantages in this line, for of all portions of North America, perhaps this section commands the greatest water power. Its available force is reckoned at one million henee power, and is counted as a great and immediate source of wealth. From £3O to £7O are given for a mill seat in Massachusetts or in Rhode Island, and in some places the rent of mills is as high as £l2 a year for each horse-power. The most strik ing features, then, of Maine are first a grand coast line, fringed with islands and indented with beauti ful harbours; second, a country, on the whole, rugged and mountainous, but in places rich in soil, and generally covered with splendid pine forests ; third, an enormous water power, in streams and rivers, having their birth in lakes scattered over the face of the State. The largest of these is Moosehead, which, like most of them, is picturesquely situated. The climate ranges to the greatest ex tromps known in the Republic. It is hot in summer and very cold in winter, as may be imagined, for a portion of the State is north of Quebec, and partakes of the climate of New Brunswick and Nova-Scotia. But, if rigorous in winter, it has one of the most healthful of all climates. From some statistics lately published, it was surprising to mark the difference in longevity between the rural populations of Maine and the urban citizens of New York, and in the number of each family. Yet people dread cold, and Maine does not therefore possess for the emi grant the attractions of more Southern States. The chief products, after timber, are Indian corn, oats, potatoes, hay, and cheese and butter. But it is not from these that Maine derives her principal wealth. She is the greatest of shipbuilding States ; her cod-fishing is unequalled, and she has but one superior for mackerel and other small fish. Her immense product of lumber and her shipbuilding have enabled Maine to exceed in value of manufac tures every other New England State except Massa chusetts, though behind them all in manufac tures generally. In Biddeford there are extensive cotton and machine building works, in Rockland lime works, and is Augusta and Bath various manu factures ; but her main-stay is the Portland, Bath, and Rockland shipbuilding. The sea-going vessels of Maine are known all over the world. The tall tapering spars, the white cotton canvas, to a sailor's eye proclaim a Maine ship before the grace ful lines of her hull are visible, and in the coasting trade the single State of New York only is ahead of her. Although Augusta is the State capital, the finest city is Portland, which on July 4, 1866, lost half its buildings by one of the greatest fires of the century. Nearly all the business portion of the town was destroyed, and the value of the property lost was $10,000,000. The fire commenced at a boot shop in High-street, and aided by a southerly gale it cleared the densest part of the town, a mile and a half long by a quarter of a mile wide. The ground was scarcely cool when the surveyors were at work to lay out on an improved plan this portion of the city, and the Portland of to-day is still finer than that of 1866, though it was known as one of the most beautiful towns of the Union. Much of the importance of this city is derived from the fact that during a considerable portion of the year it is the outlet for Canadian trade. When the St. Lawrence is closed by ice the Montreal steamers have to make Portland their point of departure, and the Grand Trunk Railway has its terminus there. The moose are still captured ; the first of this season was brought into Bangor on the last Monday in Decem ber, whence it was sent to New York. Deer abound in the forest, and fowl on the lakes, which are alive with fish. The northern part of the State is as wild as any waste of the Union, and Englishmen who first land in Maine and proceed some distance into the in terior are made aware how vast is the demesne left to nature, and how small, when compared with it, is the portion reclaimed by man. The State Trea sury received $1,149,691 in 1868, and paid out $1,14 9 ,807 ; the balance on hand is $215,725, about $7,000 more than at the beginning of last year. The aggregate debt is $5,053,500. The sinking fund of $846,090 exceeds the war debt it is to meet by $46,000. No State more embodies New England principles—Puritan, according to the South —th an the " Black " Republican State of Maine, that is, it is one of the most orderly, law abiding, and re ligious of the meny communities which make up the Union. One of the most extraordinary laws by which a people ever voluntarily restrained them selves is well known to the world as the Ma inn: Liquor Law. Asa rule the more northern the coun try the stronger and more ardent are the spirits the natives consume, but it has remained for the coldest State in the Union, by a voluntary act of: its i.nha• bitants, to prohibit the sale and consumption of al cohol. That such a law should give rise to a bitter contest is not surprising, but that for years it could be enforced is the marvel, for we may say, taking, Scotland as our proof, that there is no an tagonis in be tween Puritanism and whisky. Education, of course, in such a State thrives. The number attending schools in 1866 averaged, winter and summer, 97,827, and the inhabitants designated as scholars in that year were 212,834. The school districts of the State numbered 3,771, and the aggregate expenditure was $592,598. The people are as thrifty as they are hardworking ; there are 28 savings banks, wi h an aggregate of depos:ts amounting to $5.,032,247, which would he equal in proportion if the working clisses of England deposited £60,000,000 sterling. It is not a little surprising that, go where we will throughout the Union, the inhabitants of the various States claim that through their territory is the most direct road to the Pacific. Minnesota asserts St. Paul the head of the Mississippi navigation, and the head waters of Lake Superior tobe the grand starting point for the Pacific. Texas maintains Galveston to he the true Atlantic terminus, awl gives many ex cellent reasons why that port is so. The Kansas Paciti c Railroad was the first commenced, and that State will not be content till her line crosses the Colorado, where it is navigable and pushes on through South ern California. California is the end and aim of all these efforts, yet we have taken these States, not from choice, but simply from their locality,embrac ing as they do the extremes of the latitude and lon gitude of the Union; and now we stepintoMaine, and the first thing we hear is that through it the best route lies at any rate in connection with Nova Scotia. Everywhere they are building short lines to work out their through line to the Pacific, asserting that inasmuch as they _shorten the sea carriage and. lengthen that on land they m ►ke travel quicker, safer, and more agreeable. Texas maintains the reverse, declaring sea-carriage to be the cheapest and easiest transport; while we contend that both are right, the one for mails, pas sengers, and valuable goods occupying small space, and the other for the more bulky articles. We have now finished our task, but wn hope not with out interesting our readers into further inquiries for themselves. The subject is important, for if the teaching of ill-advised men prevails, the fairest portion of the earth's surface now open for emigra tion will be barred to the English people ; not that they deny its excellence, but that they dread the power being there built up. On this fact they may rely, that built up it will be, with or without their aid ; and knowing this we ask every lover of the Anglo-Saxon race if it be not better that England should take part in the great construction, mould ing it as much as she can to her own form, than to hold sullenly aloof and leave German and Irish blood to preponderate in the veins of the people destined to rule the earth. --- PRESER VA TION OF MEAT. There is an interesting article in the last number of Once a Week on the Preservation of Meat, which may be useful to consider in relation with the latest intelligence on the subj.-et from America. The art of curing is traced from the days of the early navi gators, scourged with scurvy, to the invention of Professor Gamgee, of Chicago. For the half cen tury following 1800 no less than 117 patents were recorded relating to the preservation of food. A process, dating back to 1820, for preserving meat by expelling the air by steam, was found to answer admirably, and for many years was adopted, even up to the present time. In 1824 the exploring ship Fury took on board a supply from Messrs Donkin and Gamble, and was next year wrecked in Prince Regent's Inlet. Her stores were landed, and with the cases of meat left upon the beach, where they were found by Sir John Ross in 1833 in good condition, although they had been exposed to a temperature of 92 degrees below and 80 above zero. Sir John used what he wanted, and left the remainder, which were proved by the Inves tigator sixteen years later to be still in excellent con dition, having been thus exposed maintaining their quality for nearly a quarter of a century. The oliject is to improve on this process, which overboils the meat, evaporating its flavour, and much of its nutri tious qualities, and is expensive, requiting numerous small tins. The problem is how to transfer butchers' meat from North and South America to the markets of Europe. In the vast tracts of grazing land of Texas, of the Far West, of the River Plate, and of Australia meat in vast quantities runs to waste, while in Europe men starve. The author thus enumerates the conditions of putrefaction :—" The presence of much moisture, the access of the air, and a range of temperature from about 40 de grees to 212 degrees F. `Hence in preservative processes we must aim at the exclusion of the pre sence of these causes—as by expelling the moisture from the meat, and preserving it in a dry form ; or by excluding the atmospheric action by an impervious coating; or by packing in ice, or by some other means enveloping the meat in a cold atmosphere. To these means we must add an other —namely, the action of an ti sept i c agents. " The first mode of preservation was by drying, which applies better to fish than to meat ; kippered salmon, red herrings, and dried haddocks being examp l es . By " jerking" beef loses its flavour, becoming tough and indigestible. Masson's patent for drying vegetables, by forcibly compressing them into one-seventh their bulk, answered more espe cially for armies in the field—a cubic yard contain ing rations for 16,000 men—and it was useful in the Crimea and in China ; but though applicable to fib, and vegetables, it does not suit for flesh, milk, nor eggs. The second method is by excluding the atmospheric air. Dr. Letheby observes how easily the casks of tallow sent to England from Australia and South America could be made to contain joints of fresh meat. " The process," he says, " should be conducted as follows : when the fat is melted, and is at a temperature of from 240 deg. to 250 deg. F., the fresh joint should be plunged into it, and kept there for a few minutes, so that the superficial moisture might be thoroughly evaporated. They should then be immediately packed in sound dry casks, and filled up with hot fat, at a temperature of 212 deg., or thereabouts. In this manner the fat and the joints might be transmitted to this country, and on their arrrival there would be no difficulty in melting the fat while in the casks,and then removing the preserved joints." The Australian Meat Agency has taken this up, and not long since invited a party to partake of the meat thus preserved. There are four other pro cesses : one by destroying the oxygen in the vessel by heat, which has failed ; another by exhausting the air from the vessel, for which half a dozen pa tents have been invented, of which the author con siders the only one really successful to be that of 510p...1r, which is as follows. The bone is extracted, but the fat is left. The meat is placed in tins, from which the air is exhausted by means of water forced in by a hole at the bottom, which, when it reaches the top, escapes by another bole. The vacuum thus caused is filled with nitrogen gas, the two holes are carefully soldered up, and the meat is then ready for exportation. On trial it is said to answer well. The common method is that of driving out the air by means of steam, which now furnishes a large branch of trade. The raw meat is placed in a tinned canister and soldered down, an aperture of the size of a pin-hole being left in the lid. The canister is then exposed to the heat of a st earn bath, or a bath of solution of muriate of lime (a little above 212 deg. F.), until the contents are about two-thirds cooked, and then, when the steam is still escaping, the aperture is suddenly and com pletely closed with solder. The canister thus her metically sealed is painted over with a stiff oil paint, and is exposed for some time in the so-called testing room to a temperature favourable to decomposi:ion. If the canister shows no signs of bulging out from the development of putrefactive gases, it is con sidered sound and fit for use. We have already noticed the canisters of meat put on board the Fury, the contents of which were perfectly good after 44 years. In this way, as we learn from Dr. Lethehy's instructive lectures, preserved salmon ;i nd lobsters are sent to Europe from Newfoundland; turtle from Jamaica, beef and mutton from Canada, and the dainty tail of the kangaroo from Aus tralia. There . are, he adds, two serious objee • mo tions to the Ifrocess : namely, the meat is u 5 . 113111 1 over-cooked, from the d es i re t o e ff ec t th e com P ete ' exclusion of the atinopheric air by the steam ° I the cases are liable to c rac k from the pressur e °f the atmosphere on the vacuum in their interior' A tbird method is by cover i ng th e mea t with 8o imperviou s m a t er i a l, th e j o i n t s b e i ng dipped in Fa bath of melted paraffin, at a temperature of 25 0 whence they are transferred to a colder bath. T h e ; ceiving a final coating of gelatine mixture. rf fourth mode of preservation is by the a ction °` cold, and this a f r ie n d o f ours t e ll s us h as b e en tak en up in Australia, where it is hoped that the te ar l e perature of tit- place which the meat is Pa k e') - iu g can be artificially kept b e l ow f reez i ng po int da. r ' c a the voyage. The final method is best exelnPl i the by the patent of Professor Gamgee, who during d e cattle plague desired to convert the live stock into a meat market by rendering the flesh iinP er/ ;r• able for a time. The animal after inhaling 11 9 bonic-oxide gas is bled, s ki nne d, an d cleaned ,lit The carcass is the n suspended in an airl e o chamber, which is e xhau s t e d o f a i r , an d is tilled with carbonic-oxide gas, to which to sulphurous acid is added. After remaining in tliv ~) eases for from twenty-fou r t o f or ty- e ight ar i; according to the size of the animal, it is hutV, 4 ,0 a dry air, atter whic h th e carcass w ill k ee p for Inool'io unchanged. (We su s p ec t, says th e wr it e r, tha t t io sulphurous acid is the only re a lly act ive ag e :, JO this prk..cess.) One advantage of this systetn I he e cheapness, no hermetically sealed canisters or ° The expensive packing material being required. cep • writer of a very inter e sting l e tt er , d a t e d last 00 • tember, from Chicago, U n ited St a t es , w here a e ll s, pany for working the pate n t ha s been W o o states that he saw a single labouring man, to VI r ge Professor Gatngee paid two dollars a d a y, in c h ,, be of the entire concern. " The whole proees s ' 433 e adds, " which I saw, of packing three sheep, ;irie three or four dozen chickens, and several P l : o tt hens, in a small receiv e r, does not e xceed t' se v o• minutes. Once the gases are turned ofl , thing further is necessary than to -filet the of ceiver containing the m e at s t an d f rom twenti, te ,' to thirty-hours, wh en th e p rocess i s corie 3i ,3 It is not known wh e th er th e p rocess would 6 i bf tropical heat. Lately some m u tto n ex hibite d him to a board of agriculture became unfit fu r fie and the circumstance was extensively proclanuc the press, but the story was as follows bit er • "The sheep was killed in Chicago last October. di; it had been exhibited in Amherst in December a V; r :10 0/ was cut up and distributed, and pronounced by all o f iD d be as good as any fresh m u tt on th e y ever a t e . One oil hind quarters was hung up in a m ea t mar k e t, with 11 ;90° to protect it but a pi e ce o f co tt on c l o th, an d on the e re' January that was cut up and distributed with the sl c iel? i suit as before. With the other hi n d quar ter Pr';'l Clark, of the Atnherest Agricultural College, eight mented for the purpose of ascert a i n i ng h ow s ever° t t 0 1 ' 4 would stand. The meat was c u t o p en i n th e think e ' 01 4 wrapped up in a piece of paper, and placed in a danW rexalt place, thus exposing the f res h es t p ar t o f it. 'rh e a 0 0 ; was that it did not take a great many days to bec °l ;ppe D fit for use. Butchers know v er y we ll th a t m eat wr ak a in paper and exposed thus will not keep nearly as if wrapped in cloth. A piece of salt pork treated i x 1 1 0 same manner will very soon s p o il. P res id en t Oa r , 0 0 in his house now a sheep killed in Chicago in Octa b . e and cured by Professor Gaingee's process, and it , 1 1 ;005; 1 perfect state of p reserva ti on —j ust as swee t as ,I and killed but yesterday. F rom a ll hi s exper i men ts 51 ,, he is perfectly satisfi e d th a t th e process i s prac tica' C, will do all that is claimed f or i t, v i z., t o cure meat ciently for all practical purposes." bei ti g The most interesting pr ocess , h owever , i s that tried iu the Plate countries by Mr. Morgan, 3 , fell known Dublin anatomist, who brought his Pi gr. sional knowledge to bear on this subject, AIL 0 1 Sloper. The animal is killed instautatieonsy4 blow on the head or by divisio n o f t h e spina lco o 4 The chest is then sawn open, and kept s° cross piece of wood, and the heart is exposecliooef incision is made in the right ventricle, and 3 . 11 0 }ie,,' in the left, the blood being all o wed to e ' env when it has ceased flowin g , a pip e w ith a st° c ie! e is introduced into the incision in the left ye: i d ) of the heart, and so into the aorta, w: D into r ive injected a preparation of salt (one gallon O l t p i,re' to the cwt.) and a qua r t er t o h a lf a pound /0 0 carefully refined, and fixed at an al. tude °J,, 05 14 6 le to 20 feet. The briny fl u id b e i ng let 0 9 ` r eitig out at the right side of the-heart f after till A l all the circulatory o rgans , c l ear i ng t h e vess e e co , capillaries, and preparing the body for the ! jo ie stage, which is performed by closing the ine c i n ' re efel the right sid of the h ear t with a sliding 1' vyo et' ve and thereby rendering the circulatory syst ero feet, wi h the vessels free and ready to reel°, the preservative fluid. A few second s suffice i tt aiog brine to infuse the whole body, w h e n, by e f the ear or hoof of the animal, a strewn O ci, 0 .1 3 brine, untainted by a sin g l e particle of bl °° B d err e instantly be s e e n to fl ow . A n ox can be Pre in ten minutes, the pressure of the injectio9 trout ten to twelve pounds to the squ a ,lgi ii ; front twelve to fou r t een ga ll ons o f the fluid n e) c ote," jetted, and of c ourse l ess f or a sheep. Thist6,; fr is superior t o th e externa l use of salt, not the retention of the nutritious jui3es and 3 ,,tspi es i ; 0 tary stage, s, but as th e elements of vee, in the form of phosphoric acid can artitie k ''' t er` added to th e briue, and what the briue can be restored by nitrate of potash. those c t gor to try it can get it in barrels of 220 lbs. ° D ire r gar's Patent Meat Preserving Compaq' iv (15 pool. Dr. Simms, of South Carolina, late" or scribed his new process, by which the min ute Ls lo l °:, inalcules whose germs float through tu e ,, o , 1 1, 4 sphere, to which he attributes putrefact` i " n bar,3 destroyed by bistilphide of carbon. S tllr pe ' i burnt in a close retort, and the fumes ar e 33 o o over glowing charcoal, when the escapirl i g„g o cl l it be employed as such, or may be conoel n a / 3, to a fluid. Dr. Simms places the meat ' b ost e l ti or chamber, from which the air is l e d / li r, by machinery, if need be, and is then ePo the gas. lie had preserved in this way, dur ll3 ;ter,o last, at Charleston, S. C. with the than: 013 0 0 o degrees Fahrenheit in the shade, a whole sh e ,4 io the skin on ; this meat he asserts to be n og guj,l perfect state of preservation. As the pro tol 0 lit on most favourably at a temperature of l e r vial std degrees Fahrenheit, it is better adapted O li ott ro , where it is most needed, than for col d e ke The value of a process by which m eat Can.,- fri,s served is shown in the following facts c ; to P o o daily work of each person bears a rehlt i° ,o„.o muscular development, and this again d e rpfr o , the nutrition he receives from food. The, eM e e. railway contractors are s a id t o measure ti ne tit„, city for work of their l a bore rs by their at`r ec t:' i i, That the working powers should be bill o f Al v lt the food must contain a sufficient quart it to dl. men, to supply all that is lost in the dre cl 1 , 8 o f is computed that a working man of a hu t ' t sirc l (et it forty pounds weight requires nearly one,' a pound of this element in his food dailY . 0 0,4 contains this in in its most soluble forni. the most quickly digested, and t ransm itt e d to ~5 of Vegetables require mo re com pli ca ted orgir o be it o gestion to extract the nutritive parts ( ": 0 0 t; it swallowed. The effect of f oo d in a,g a loe wlti c : i for must be in propo r ti on t o th e rap idity with OP if can be assimilat e d, an d it th ere f ore follow% par t o energetic work, to be performed rapidly' bete es t vegetable diet is not sufficient. 1 311 is of t og. strength is not steadily taxed, and intervaecolect during labour are a fforded, les s meat is 11 . 0 The soldier, in time of pea c e, may mailit io i 0 a ll health with far less of this ki n d of fogA 1 5 1- ' li - ke Woe cessary in time of war." 'I he effect 1 0 0 0 10# countries and climates and on all ra0e' ... ,414 French navvie and on the llindoo coo lie ' A meric an Times. (ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment a Avit l3 4 pf Conclusive Evidence.—Scarcely a day P'is se " o sve r ;df leaving behind it some proof of the curative r ' s '6l: Holloway's world-esteemed Ointment and 11 , 0 11s ; r ett , l'ff writes from New 011erton, Notts , on the 7 l ll " . t he o l 'ottr, —" I beg to state that a few weeks ago I 9 ,reo tune to bruise my leg most severely. To ' r roe peo prise and inexpressible delight your wonderNs,,, were no soon it applied than they gave 13 1,3 ea jocr,biel; inflammation, and made a perfect cure in a' •ng, opt short time." T es ti mon i a l s suc h as the forego l o sole might be multiplied to any extent, shou ld ue orP afflicted and give hope to the despairing, wle ile by maladies which are unrelievable. Births. e Pit rUg' th e COBHAM—On the 23d inst., at Leighton Park, .`"° 9 CLIPTON — C wife ofCaptain obham, ofarley-stree a son. t , tile - On the 22d ins C t , at 113, 0 13 of Edward N. Clifton, Esq., of a daughter i,ce, . RITCHIE—On the 24th inst , at Shirley antise' H wife of Henry Ritchie, Esq., of a daughter. 0 0 Marriages. c ard+, tO HALL—REEVE—On the 23d inst , at Richmond, '-fc.t:o",,ret Rev. Joseph Hall, M.A.. rect . or of Knockholt, s see Elizabeth, daughter of the late Sir Thouitts • poil' of Richmond. . nso a, t , SIMPSON— DALE—On the 23d iust , GeorgeBllr:r° ; 0 4r of Earby Hall, Barnard (las:le:Yorkshire, : o f only daughter of Jos.pli Langham Dale, 13'4' rington-square, London., 41 Deaths. ~.„ il V i ge DAVENPORT—On the 21st iust at Boni:ill ii.iii., t, 5 William D. Davenport, Esq., l t 9 ' l h ll e g i°l) O r ' :Le - t ,> t ' FUDGE—On the 23d inst. at 1 rowl, Blaclo; [ , J" , Win. Fudge, of the firer*ec *f J. W. VIILIP ' .1(3114 cheap, city, aged 33. ' G aud NV , giot , GnAttAm -- On the 221 inst at the Roy al - ,o. cr Graham, Esq., aged 57. ” 7, P I HATTON —On the 24th inst., at his residenc., street, &rand, F re d er i c k H a tton, solicitor, +4l' t `' e ----- - - ---- ---- 00 c Z London : Printed and Published by WILL 14 "„ 31 : , 14° ,, f °I of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at rad SO v --e' o:. o-g- Wand, in the Precinct of the Se vo7. in the Alititilesoz.—Thursday, February 2.5, ISr9. If 'N This Prize Mec Tt Sold in th e Agent - 8 - , Observ l bates ILL MU Worms 14, g fr t , "N( bold o VA r able Wee' Rol , IMMen C:ricely tsa, vocali s eßtablishr rt o , R /riche,le; World Li nret appe Privat e b, MAT GP.'eRR, ! trader ten a• n. till ti AR Room s h , WI Co. an a 4;;,, Dance MI 3ltis T'T Ln for clevili ORIGIN) As' V ery Fin Old C ruel Shippi t SParklin, lerY, Sampl e bottles S' Om T ., Th e ire R e , The ino( Bonus fc value as ' 3ll (ler t 'ewe is thirty da SE A% off ( Ni t . i cns. The re 479 titTBS, the Seer, Stre etr L Quelifl vov erno NAT RI Under tho w hereby atria o f a the ki, a4 Tho obl Rah einei and Intel ( snit Pro , ble e The Co Office, 1 TILE Presid Treasure DON) solicited, expendit at Waltc Bat offi,, Ma Patr ror t' destitute and of Pr aPero 0 1141 h stitutiou her e , e cdowe c iiB siatrtn ( SUbRe arlaiituti its r s , cui The Secretorl Ofßee l li ar a ce ulane - aY Rz ALTI3 b ij I