The Sun. — London, England, 1860-10-09 00:00:00

TflE PR INCE' 8 rISIT TO THE UNITED STATES. ( 'rums the spec ^ial Correspondent of the Times.) CHICAGe f , ILLINOIS, SEPT. 23. After two long and 'weary railway journeys (and ra',lway journeys in ~.merica are very like being at sea in a small berat o n a rough day with the addi tion of plenty of dust) the Prince of Wales has reached the m oat westerly point but one of his long Americare tours. He has yet to make one heavy and to ilso me run to St. Louis, where the great waters. of the Missouri join the huge yellow turbid stream of the Mississippi, and then at length, thank goodness, the course turns ea s t aga i n. It is no use crying till one is out of the wood, and I well know that the route which stretches between this and Portland is checkered by many visits to many towns, and that the Scylla of Washington has to be undergone before one plunges headlong into the Charybd.l.s of New York festivities. I know that after St. Louis, visits to coal mines, in spection s of colleges, torchlight processions, and civic balls, intermingled with long days of dusty travel, have yet to be surmounted; but still from St. Louis the route is eastward, and the nadir of this long wild land -travelling progress is passed at last. When the Prince left Hamilton it rained hard, and nobody regretted it (I mean the rain), for only during heavy rain, which keeps down the dust, is the jolting, noisy discomfort of an American railway endurable at all. There was the usual crowd to see him depart ; the slack umbrellas and dripirlegcloaks; the wet handkerchiefs which flapped and draggled heavily when attempted to be waved, the mud, the dirt, and drizzle which has more or less accompanied the Royal arrival and departure through all the route. Nothing would have en livened the scene but the warm heart-stirring cheers of affectionate loyalty which the crowds raised again and again as the train prepared to depart, and there were many shouts of " Come soon again," and " Why did you not stop longer ?" as the Prince stepped into his car. There was great s h a ki ng o f hands as his Royal Highness and all th e su it e too k a kindly leave of Mr. Rose, whose arduous labours terminated with the last State visit to the last Canadian city, and I am sure it must have been with. a feeling of deep regret that the Royal party bade adieu to one who had so ably and so success fully ministered to the comfort of their tour throughout. Before taking leave of Canada, his Royal High ness read the following Address at the opening of the Hamilton Agricultural Exhibition. There was - notime to send it by the last mail, but I repair the omission now. It is the finals of all the Royal replies which have been delivered during this long and memorable progress. It was as follows : " Agricultural Society of Upper Canada, Sept. 20. " Gentlemen,—l return you my warm acknowledgments for the address which you have just presented upon the occasion of the opening of the 15th Exhibition of the Agri cultural Society of Upper Canada, and I take this opportu nitev of thanking the agricultural citizens and manufacturers who are now assembled from distant parts in this city of Hamilton for the more than kind and enthusiastic reception which they gave me yesterday and have repeated to-day. Blessed with a soil of very remarkable fertility, and a hardy race of industrious and enterprising men, this district must rapidly assume a most important position in the markets of the world, and I rejoice to learn that the im provements in agriculture which skill, labour, and science have of late years developed in the mether country are fast increasing the capabilities of this young soil, and enable you to compete successfully with the energetic people whose stock and other products are now ranged in friendly rivalry with your own within this vast enclosure. " The Almighty has this year granted you that greatest boon to a people—an abundant harvest. I trust it will make glad many a home of those I see around me, and bring in creased wealth and prosperity to this magnificent province. "My duties as representative of the Queen, deputed by her to visit British North Am er i ca , cease this day ; but in a private capacity I am about to visit, before my return home, that remarkable land which claims with us a common ancestry, and in whose extraordinary progress every Englishman feels a common interest. Before, however, I quit British soil, let me once more address, through you, the inhabitants of United Canada, and bid them en affec tionate farewell. May God pour down His choicest bless ing upon this great and loyal people I" I need not say how this was listened to, as his Royal Highness, with that soft, clear, dignified utterance, which he inherits from hi s R o y a l mo th er, read the Address aloud, concluding with a solemn earnestness that moved the whole audience, till their feelings seemed too deep for utterance. The distance from Hamilton to Detroit, the first resting-place on the long journey here, is about 200 miles, a matter of some four hours to a Royal train in England, but which here, with all speed used, took rather over seven. From the roughness w ith which most Canadian and nearly all American lines are laid down, great speed is unattainable, and with American roads, unless the country is prepared to incur at least half the expenditure they have alreldy sunk, said in most cases lost, in forming their line, I should say great profits are also unattainable too. With hardly one exception throughout the United States, there are only a single line of rails, and this is a fatal objection to a great increase of traffic. The time will come, and soon, when it will pay. and pay well for double rails to be laid down on some lines, and when that day arrives, which many lcok to even now, there is certain to be sueh a railway mania here, to which that of ours in '47 and '4B will be a joke. Let Englishmen, if they are wise, keep from this coming vortex. Great and prosperous as this country is now, and must be still more so in the future, the time is still distant when the present huge network of single lines will pay a profit worth investing for. Some of the best lines in the States —those which have been entirely carried out by English capital—don't pay their working expenses. The Grand Trunk, in a financial point of view, has up till now been a failure. But its prospects, even at this day, are good compared to many of the chief American railways through this part of the country. The country between Hamilton and Detroit was for a long time, like all the land of Upper Canada, rich a nd well cultivated—even where the black gnarled stumps of burnt pines stick up like tombstones of th.e forest, looming dark and mournfully upon the upstart growth of Indian corn beneath. Sometimes it - was meadow land, with the ragged zigzag fences or lopped trees strewn loosely between the fields— scenetimes a large tract of corn was passed, with the massive sheaves stacked together like straw tents, and the ground covered with bright orange pump kins and squashes, which the inexhaustible fertility of the land has nurtured between the ridges of maize. Then comes acres and acres of orchards, with trees heavy and o.erborne with their rich burden, drooping down like willows to the ground, and their red and lyellow fruit sparkling sofrly in the evening sun. All the barn -doors of the clean. white farm-houses stood wide open, showing heaps of corn piled high within, and across the ocarirgs .oxen came slowly along with mounds of other s heaves in rough wooden carts, dragging a plenty for which the fanner had no room in the timber outbuildings which ordinarily accommodated the harvest. On every side were such signs of boun teous abundance, there was such a calm in these - wild, clean, fruitful homesteads, there were such Signs of progress and of energy, even in the forest s acked aside to make room for cultivation, that one could not but gaze with lingering astonishment upon the scene of rising prosperity, and think of that vast class a t h ome wom Bumble denominates as "able-bodied paupers" going supperless to bed for want of work. Why, here are millions of acres of sue.h fertile land as English farmers never think of getting without draining, manures, and top dressings and all the scientific agricultural slang wh;.ch mark the presence of poor land. Here are rniflions of acres still clad in all the savage gran deur of the wilderness, and seeming to call—in their rich matted growth of timber and luxuriant underwood—for some one to clear an overburdened soil, and let the natural fertility of the earth have scope to show its proper might and usefulness. Where the lumberers fell timber in the Upper Ottaway they:scatter handfuls of Indian corn among the ragged stumps, and 10, in some six weeks' time, a harvest for a few in number, though enough in q u antity to keep an E ng li s h par i s h . Y et men break stones in England for Bd. a-day, and cost the country 10d. more while doing it, and farmers here cry out for labour and get it for a few short m onths, till their servants have saved enough to better themselves and buy land, w h en a t once th e law of Canada steps in with res t r i c ti ons w hi c h drive them inmeric hundreds and thou san d s y ear l y t o t h e A far west of a ;whi l eh tis not to be supp ose d th at the active folly d drove the States into manly insurrection and independencernment. but will ever be Home Government repeated by the one sees each hour such sli my traces of red tape Barnacles over Canada, such signs of its being left to the miseries of shortsighted legislation, such checks upon its growth, as no young colo n y, h owever na turally vigorous, withstands for long. There is a mighty future for Upper Canada if emigration to its fertile soil is only fairly encouraged and developed by the Government at home—if they will only hold out such real inducements as American agents hold out falsely, and who manage to persuade people even when half-settled in British dominions, to make another and a final move for prairie land. In truth and honour, and as one responsible for every written word, I cannot help saying that, land for land, the prairie is better than even the picturesque valleys of Upper Canada, but there is not at all that difference between the two which would lead a farmer to prefer 100 acres out West to 150, or even 120, round Hamilton or London. Enable emigrants to buy three acres in Canada for what they would only get two in Michigan, Illinois, or Wise nsin— let a man buy 10 acres or 1,000 if he pleases, or as his means permit, and there would be no want of coolerss in C ana d a . O ccas i onally, however, once i n laarsrfive or six y ears a di m an d premature Con flesne" of what mast in time be their prosperity Ronvder,tiEft:!..,!lse Cauadians of the Uppe r P rov i nce , "'"' wi th the trading naania of their near American neighbours, they rash into land specula tions more wild and more improvidently hopeless than any of the bubble schemes which the annals of Capel•court can show. Such spendthrift aber rations throw the colony back for years, for during the rage of these land fevers—fevers which no past experience of loss and bank ruptcy of provinces seems to mitigate—a tract of forest in which no man has penetrated will sell for almost twice the present price of land in Cheap side. The value of uncleared land in Upper Canada varies from 2 dols. to 4 dols. an acre; yet some times, during the prevalence of these speculative epidemics, £6OO sterling per acre has been offered and refused, and as much as £l2O per foot of front age tendered in vain for by-streets in small towns. Towards dusk the Royal train quitted the cleared farm lands, and entered upon a tract which the tremendous Canadian forests hemmed in close, casting a peculiar sombre gloom, unknown to autumn evenings, over the little line of rails be tween. There is something in the ponderous still naess of these forests—something in their wild, torn, mossy darkness, their utter solitude and mournful silence which impresses the traveller in a new aspect each time he sees them—which awake ideas of melancholy which I wish I could describe, though I cannot forget. In Upper Canada the endless hills o f pines give way at last, or at most stand thinly intermingled with gigantic beeches, tall hemlocks, and ash, with maples, birch, and wild sycamore, the underwood of these great leafy hills. Mile after mile and hour after hour of such a route was passed —a deep black solitude, with here and there a vista opening up, showing the massive trunks, gray as cathedral ruins, which bore the rich canopy of leaves aloft. I call it leaves, for even the hurry of writing would not excuse its been called a canopy of green. The winter is closing in fast upon the sombre glory of the forests, and they stand in such glowing tints, such deep rich starlets, as if the leaves were steeped in blood; such piles of glitter ing yellows, of pinks, and quiet faded mellow hues, that you gaze, lost in admiration, as hill after hills opens out in sheets of burning colour, like the last grand shower of Nature's pyrotechnics before they close in frost and snow and darkness for the winter season. Crossley and other artists may paint an American autumn, but who can describe it ? Look at the monstrous pine, that was barked last year, and which, all dead and white, seems to spread its lean shrivelled arms abroad like fleshless bones, trying to stay its fall. Over the trunk a creeper comes, which, turned to pink, to purple, gold, and scarlet by a few nights' frost, droops in festoons of colour like ragged, bril liant drapery ; Out so bright, so wild, and graceful in its quiet curves, that it seems at once both more and less than natural—the work of a decorator in its arrangement of colours, such as only Nature's colours ever give. In the foreground stands a clump of trees, clustering round in piles of gold, inter mixed with wild sycamores of light quick green, red, purple, crimson, and almost blue. Behind are trees of every shade of autumn glory, from faded gold to almost black, while above towers the massive deep-green pine, unchangeable in its solemn features as Canada itself, with a host of umbrageous deserters round it in wrinkled b rown an d fade leaves of all hues, rustling to the wind with a sharp dry crackle as the " fall" comes on them. Let any one who can from such poor description imagine miles upon miles of this forest scenery bathed in all the tints of a stormy sunset, with hill and vale, mountain and river bank deep swathed in gorgeous robes of hues like these, and he can then form a poor—though but a poor—idea of what North American scenery is during the Indian summer, that bright, quiet, treacherous forerunner of the severest winter in the world. Now and then a little clearing was passed in the twilight, with the log hut wreathed in ever greens and flowers, with the settler's family stand ing at the door anxiously watching that the train might pass, and the Prince see their little decora tion before night closed in. Windsor, the last town in the Canadian frontier, and facing Detroit on the opposite bank of the river St. Clair, was reached at 9 o'clock. There were plenty of illuminations and fireworks at Windsor, but the Prince did not halt a minute, but at once went on board the little steamer which was to take him across the river to the United States. All the craft in the stream were illuminated, bells rang, guns fired, and rockets shot into the air from every point. But as the boat approached the landing-place at Detroit it became almost a serious question whether the Prince would be able to land at all. The firemen had turned out with their torches to endeavour to keep open the line of route between the landing place and the Russell-house Hotel, where the Prince was to stay. As long as there was no occasion for it this route was kept open pretty well, and the dense crowd of some 25,000 people on either side of the narrow little strip of fire remained in tolerable order; but with the arrival of the I Prince's boat it became impossible to restrain their eager curiosity, and after swaying heavily and un easily backwards and forwards for a few minutes, the weight of the masses overbore all resistance, and the whole crowd collected in one dense, solid throng round where the Prince intended to land. The firemen kept partly together in one spot, but their efforts were useless, save in so far as their torches cast a red gleam over the sea of upturned faces, and showed at a glance the utter impossibi lity of landing till some way was cleared. The car riages, though not a yard from the boat, could not be reached, and even if reached the crowd had jammed them in in such a manner that moving them was out of the question. In vain the authorities tried to force a passage, and in vain the firemen strove to collect together and keep round the car riages ; a regiment of cavalry could not have found its way through the dense unmanageable throng which, with hoarse shouts, and the attempts of some to advance and of others to extricate them selves from the intolerable crush, swayed backwards and forwards in heavy waves of human beings. The crowd, in fact, was powerless from its own numbers and density, and the efforts of those who strove to restore order only made matters worse. At last, some more resolute or free to move than others seized the horses of one of the nearest car riages and backed them all, kicking and plunging through the crowd, till alongsiue the steamer. 'l'bis cleared a passage, which the firemen improved upon so as to form a short, narrow opening, keep ing the people back only by desperate efforts and thrusting their torches aga i ns t 'th ose w h o en - croachedthe least. Those in front, Isowever, were as anxious to keep order as the firemen them selves ; it was those fter back who pushed on to see what they thought must be the gorgeous spectacle going forward, and whose mere weight made it im possible for those in front to resist them. Taking advantage of the little opening made by backing the carriage, the Prince, with the Duke of New castle, the Governor. General, and Earl St. Germans at once entered the carriage, which soon forced a passage through the crowd—the sooner, perhaps, because not a soul knew that the Prince was in it. No one for a moment seemed to suspect that the quiet, handsome fair young man, dressed in the plainest of travelling suits, was really the Prince of Wales. P er h aps, as travelling in a private capa city, the crowd at Detroit did not expect to see him in his coronet and feathers, but they certainly looked fo rwar d to his being in uniform and at tended by a train of gorgeous courtiers bowing to the dust bef ore hi s Royal Highness,aner popularlyan and othen s v n ise conducting th emse l ves in a manner posed in the :W estern States to be peculiar to apn effete and worn out aristocracy. After two or three carriages had then departed, and it was thoaght that the Prince must then really be coming at last, a great rush was made by the crowd, which over whelmed firemen and everything, and surged heavily up to the water's edge. M r . P enn efather, the Governor-General's secretary, with one of the firemen and a sailor, was forced over the edge of the wharf into the river, and were near being drowned before, in the confusion that prevailed, they could be rescued. Mr. Pennefather had so nar row an escape from the wheels of the boat which had just started that one actually grazed his shoulder, and took all the skin off. Only by a m i d_ den and rather desperate jump back did I save my self from a similar inevitable ducking. When the crowd found that the Prince had really gone there was a pell-mell rush back to the hotel, round which thousands crowded till nearly midnight, and all the passages, doors, ante-rooms ' and staircases of which were quite as crowd e d as the streets. People seemed to have an idea that every one who asked to see his Royal Highness should be admitted at once, and it was not until some hundreds had been in formed that this was quite an erroneous impres sion, that they very reluctantly consented to go away, and leave his Royal Highness to the repose he so much needed. On the following morning the Prince drove round the town. Detroit, though an old French settlement, is a very new American city—a city o a n f some d hug e2sstonyeeaarns'd growth,with itsees i wntiedremsi intermingled s with wooden buildings, which tell houses of its modern date and sudden rise Situated on the Ri ver S t . Clair, which affords s . len id wat er commun i cat i on E d with Lakes Huron and it rie, and even w ith L a k es Ci N ee l n ic t h r a i glar mart and Superior p th o e s . ition f or commerce unrivalled, aand dd depot for o: forth long tl i rn m e m i e t n h s a e s eo b r e n e n t r e e coming from the prairie lands. It is not so flourishing now, however, and is apparently rather in the decline, being neither as prosperous nor as populous as it was five years ago. It is not uncom mon in this country to see cities suddenly spring into wealth and gran d eur i n the midst of the prairies, and, after a few brief years of marvellous prosperity and progress, decline as new favourites further out west absorb the tide of immigration. Such is the case with Detroit, the commercial capital of Michigan. Such,•most likely, in a few years will be Chicago, that most marvellously sudden of all the sudden cities here. The corn depot on the wharfs of Detroit is an immense wooden building, now crammed up with sacks of maize and wheat, in winter sometimes full to the very roof with thousands upon thousands of carcases of frozen hogs waiting for transport to Canada. In the centre of the depot was a very pretty fountain, which struck me as rather an unusual feature, for " We air a practical people here," and seldom run to anything like poetical adornment for adornment's sake. I was told that it had been erected for the use of emigrants, who arrive here by thousands in the spring, and who sleep about the depot for days till hired as " helps," or till their purchase of prairie land far up in the interior is completed. Most of these emigrants are Germans and Norwe gians. Very few Irishmen come here now, and I wonder how any come here at all : for your true American looks down upon the Irish with immea surable scorn, regards them as necessary evils for rough menial work—a sort of free nigger, who at best is only tolerated on account of a certain slavish usefulness. Australia is the place for Irishmen, here their lot is at best that of bitter servitude—of ser vitude that gains neither the affection nor esteem of those who may almost be called their masters. As a great central corn mart the railways have injured Detroit almost beyond redemption, but its situation for commerce is too favourable to allow it long to remain in its present comparative depression. The route from Detroit to this city was a long and tedious affair, a dull monotonous railway journey of more than 10 hours, though it must be regarded as a mere trifle to what has to be encountered between St. Louis and Cincinnati, and Cincinnati and Pitts burgh. The Michigan Central Railway is considered one of the best, if not the very best, in the whole continent, and if this be true, Heaven shield us from going in any of the bad ones, for a worse line I never travelled over. At some parts the car rolled and jerked like a boat in a rough sea; and if this is a specimen of a good line, how a really bad one can. be "navigable" at all I can't imagine. The arrange ments at the railway station were not good, and the crowd of boys and loafers who swarmed up over the Royal car, pulling down the windows and thrusting in their heads was so great, that the car was almost hidden by their numbers. A very little ordinary care and consideration on the part of the managers of the station might have saved his Royal Highness all this annoyance, for however good-tem pered he may be, and is, under such inflictions, it it cannot be otherwise than annoying to any gen tleman to be hailed thus, like a wild beast, by a mob of dirty boys and rowdies. The road from Detroit for the first 140 miles was of much the same character as that of Upper Canada—huge peach trees, however, taking the place of orchards of apples and pears. The American plan of letting their peach trees grow wild and free like ordinary trees, instead of nailing them flat against a wall as we do, seems to answer beyond what could have been supposed possible, and even the smallest of American trees bear more fruit in this manner than the finest and largest trees in England nailed flat. At one of the villages where the train stopped to take in wood and water there was a repetition of the same barbarous and disgusting curiosity on the part of men and boys who swarmed all over the Royal car. This was repeated to a less extent at another small village, and after then there was no trouble. There were crowds always, but their be haviour was quiet and decorous, and their natural eagerness to see the Prince never passed the bounds of quiet marked respectfulness. As the train neared Michigan city the country assumed a wild deserted aspect, huge barren sand " dounes" rising on every side, much of the same wild and desolate kind which one meets with in crossing Anglesey to Holy head. Suddenly the sand hills opened out, and along a bleak level shore, wet-looking and desolate as that at Southport, stretched Lake Michigan, in a huge deep blue expanse, like a colossal mirror. I never saw a shore more desolate and sterile-looking, the very lake itself seemed dead and cold, without a single riple to quicken its dull blue waters into life. From this point out to Chicago the train passed over prairie land. If the prairies are im pressive at all, they are so by night. There is something grand in their huge boundless extent, their gently waving mounds, and thick long grass, which makes the distant horizon wavy and indis tinct as that of the ocean itself. Yet the impres sion is almost weakened as mile after mile is traversed, and still no change from the dull tra mendous uniformity of grass plains, always stretch ing away on every side, till the land and sky seem to meet, with not a bush or tree to break the dead level of the view. Sometimes, but only rarely, a little swampy patch comes in, half grass, half water, choked with weeds, and its margin fringed by a few stunted trees, which, weak and sickly, seem to have been poisoned by the malaria of the pools which here give off Quoii ,Tha L.* P tr aeo of 4En locating violence. Such swamps, however, as I have said, are rare, and you lose sight of them in an in stant, amid the long, rich, waving verdure, over which the wind sweeps with the violence of a strong sea breeze, keeping the grass undulating for miles and miles in gentle billows, as if the whole prairie was in motion. At these times, with cold light of the moon showing the scene in gloomy indistinctness, the prairies look grand and mysterious. What they are by day I do not know, but I start for them to morrow, and remain at a prairie farm not far from where the Prince has gone to shoot, where I shall have some opportunity of judging of them for at least two days before going to St. Louis. The train arrived at this town soon after 8 o'clock at night, crossing a long viaduct ogr the edge of Lake Michigan, and in the centre of the water. The town itself was all astir, and its long lines of houses, with lights in all their windows, made it at a dis tance look not unlike the first appearance of Venice. There was an immense concourse of people in the station, but their conduct, though enthusiastic enough, was quiet and orderly, and contrasted most favourably with the crowd at Detroit. His Royal Highness went at once to his hotel, the Richmond house, where every preparation had been made for his reception by the indefatigable courier and general provider for the Royal party on this American tour, Mr. Bachmeyer. The authorities placed police all round the house to prevent unne cessary crowding and intrusion, and a band of Volunteers serenaded his Royal Highness during the night. On the whole, if the reception at Chicagois a sample of what his Royal Highness will meet throughout the United States, it will certainly leave nothing to be desired, either on the score of its hearty welcome or utter absence of anything like annoyance or intrusion. Yesterday the royal party drove round the city—a city which is really worth the name, and one which I must not attempt to dismiss now with a few hurried words before the mail closes. It is one of that great class of Western prairie cities now so rapidly springing up, and which promise, before long, from their importance, wealth, and quiet, orderly energy of their popula tion to effect great changes in the present political struggles of the United States. As both the present candidates for the Presidency have been nominated for this State of Illinois, party feeling just now runs high here, yet on the night the Prince arrived I attended a " Wideawake" demonstration, aid their quiet bearing and solemn, orderly demeanour would have been a caution to the free and independent electors of our small towns on almost similar occa sions. '1 he royal party left here yesterday for Dwight, a small village on the prairies, some 70 miles from here, on the way to St. Louis. Here Captain Retallack, aide-de-camp to the Governor- General, has taken and fitted up a farmhouse for the use of his Royal Highness, and from here the party will sally out each morning for their day's shouting in the prairies. The prairie hens, how ever, are beginning to pack, and I fear the sport e F w mo fr i y l it ac n e es o tt t b starts tul tt what is eae letter. dea for St. Allln. anticipated.eLte the tueoisrotCincinnati,h aeln peaa O rt wa t es h as the Irt westerly stated t h peg deo t i o h ei dnet h fe e r al t t h h we , if t ta h ht o iog u ue g t h it is not thei r ) fault that y they are so , down a conste iotu m uti c ieo r rn ely of o l f ro t n hi . s long incessant travel ling, excitement, is enough to break 'The Marquis and Marchioness of Chandos came' over to the Royal train from Detroit to this city. anddy th h a a h ve e m e a n d ea a rm h u H p i His he Lordship Upper Ottawaturous tourists often attempt. even longer g a e n r d j o a u d r v n e e n y . ship and party go out e Paul's, the Falls o f St. tthe eFrFoar West St t L o o s rd t - . Anthony,o Minie, &c. 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Holloway's pills effec tually dispel the gloom by which nature foreshadows a warning of some serious malady. These wonderful pills act so certainly, safely, and rapidly on the digestive organs that all depressing emotions gradually yield, the vital energy returns, and the frequent cause of fever and other ailments disappears. Holloway's pills never can do any harm. To the delicate, sedentary, ailing, and aged they are most strongly recommended, as they contain no injuri ous ingredient, and therefore may be taken wall impunity for any period. ~; ~~~= THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 9, 1860 .:.~..s 7HE NAVY. We understand that, owing to continued ill health, Vice-Admiral Sir C. IL Fremantle, K.C.8., will not rehoist his flag as commander-in-chief of the Channel fleet. According to present arrange ments the two divisions of the fleet will winter at Portsmouth and Devonport, remaining under the command of the Port Admirals at the respective ports. The Osborne paddle yacht, Master-Commander G. K. Bower, has sailed from Portsmouth for Gravesend and Antwerp. The second dock at Chatham dockyard having become vacant by the completion of the steam float• ing battery Trusty, 14, 150. horse power, which was some time under repair, preparations will be forth- with commenced for laying down the large mail-clad, steel-plated iron vessel, which the Admiralty have de cided on having constructed in that dock, The plans and drawings of the imposed vessel have been for some time past in preparation at the office of Admiral Sir B. Walker, Controller of the Navy, and his assistants at Somerset-house, from whose de signs the new frigate is to be constructed. The dock in which this gigantic vessel is intended to be built is one of the largest at either of the Royal establishments, but, notwithstanding the great size, means will have to be made to increase the length before the new ship, which is to be upwards of 400 feet in length, can be commenced ; but after a sur vey of the dock by the assistant-surveyor of the navy, who was specially sent down to Chatham by the Admiralty for that purpose, it has been ascer tained that the additional length can be obtained by extending the dock seaward by means of a tem porary dam. The whole of the ironwork required in the construction of the vessel will be prepared at Chatham dockyard, and in order to meet the In creased demand whichwillbe made on the smithery department additional. furnaces will be required to be erected contiguous:to the dock, and a number of fresh hands taken on. As soon as the new vessel has been fairly commenced the work is to proceed without intermission. the authorities being anxious that the first of the steel-plated shot-proof vessels may be completed and afloat early in the ensuing year, or, at all events, as soon as it is possible to have her completed. it appears from the last official list, recently pub lished, that there are at present being built in her Majesty's various dockyards 42 vessels of war, car rying from 1 to 91 guns respectively, and each of from 80 to 1,250 horse power—viz. :—Eight at Pembroke—the Aurora, 51, Defiance, 51, Pandora, 1, Perseus, 17, Shearwater, 11, Triumph, 91, Tweed, 51, and Zealous, 91; seven at Deptford—the Colum bine, 11, :Favorite, 22, Newcastle, 51, Rapid, 11, Rosario, 11, Speedwell, 5, and Zebra, 17 ; six at Chatham—the belvidera, 51, the Bulwark, 91, the Rattlesnake, 21, the Reindeer, 17, the Royal Oak, 91, and the Undaunted, 51 ; four at Ports mouth—the Chanticleer, 17, the Dryad, 51, the Glasgow, 51, and Royal Alfred, 91 ; three at Wool wich—the Bristol, 51, the Repulse, 91, and the Wolverine, 21; three at Millwall—the Eclipse, 4, the Lily, 4, and the Star, 4 ; four at Devonport—the Liverpool, 51, the Ocean, 91, the Petrel, 11, and the Robust, 91 ; at Glasgow—the Black Prince, 36 ; at Jarrow, Newcastle-on-Tyne—the Defence, 16 ; at Sheerness—the North Star, 22 ; at Poplar—the Resistance, 16 ; at Blackwall—the Warrior, 36 ; at Plymouth, the Trinculo gunboat; and at Newhaven the Tyrian gunboat. The Algiers, 91, screw, Capt. G, D. O'Callaghan, took out powder and shell yesterday at Spithead, and afterwards steamed into the harbour for repair and refit. The Megmra, screw troopship, Commander Hen derson, has completed her refit at Portsmouth, and is again reported ready for further service. The Satlej, 51, screw, converted from a sailing frigate, steamed out of Portsmouth harbour on Sa turday, and proceeded to the trial ground in Stokes Bay to test her speed at the measured mile, under the official superintendence of Capt. G. T. Gordon, commanding the steam reserve at the port. The Sutlej has been fitted with engines of 500-horse power (nominal) by Messrs. Maudslay, Field, and Co. The ship drew only 17 feet 3 inches for ward and 20 feet 3 inches aft, consequently she was in very light trim, and the immersion of her screw was in complete by 9 inches. A comparison of the results of her trial with that of the Immortalite, tested at Portsmouth on the sth ult., proves, as had been an ticipated from her graceful lines forvt and and aft, to be highly favourable to the Sutlej, taking into con sideration the fact of her being 100 horse power less than the Immortalite. The latter ship realised on her trial trip a mean of 12.533 knots, at a draught of water of 21 feet forward, and 21 feet 10 inches aft. The Satlej. in her trial on Saturday. used Griffiths' propeller, with a diameter of 17 feet 6 inches and a pitch of 20 feet. The pressure of steam was 201 b. on the gauge; vacuum, 23; revolutions of engines, maximum, 72, mean 71. Six runs were made, the mean of which gave the ship a speed of 13067 knots. The machinery and boilers worked per fectly, the latter furnishing an ample supply of steam. There was an entire absence of any raised body of water under the ship's bows when at full speed, and the trial was altogether as satisfactory as could be desired. The screw steamships Centurion, 80, Capt. H. D. Rogers, C. 8., and Aboukir, 90, Capt. D. Curry, having discharged their powder, were brought yes terday from Plymouth Sound into Hamoaze, to have defects made good. The crew of the Aboukir were paid wages yesterday, and granted leave of absence. The gunboats Spider and Delight were put into Keyham steamyard yesterday to undergo repairs. The Metropolitan Police Force will commence duty on the 22d in st.,when the Devon port dockyard, Keyham steamyard, and the Royal William Vic tualling yard will be placed under their protection. The Lords of the Admiralty have given direc tions for an extension of the Royal Marine barracks at Chatham towards the dockyard, in order that additional quarters for the officers and men may be ' erected in that direction. The new buildings will necessitate the taking in a portion of the dockyard, including the official residence of the master rope maker, which will be required to be taken down, and also a part of the private garden belonging to the captain-superintendent. The following appointments were made on Satur day at the Admiralty :—Lieut. W. H. Elton to the Miranda; J. IL C. Bishop, chief engineer, to the Miranda; T. Edgar, 2d-class assist-engineer, to the Miranda; D. H. Jenkyn, 2d-class assist,-engineer, to the Indus, for charge of the Charon ; Mei:. Gil landers, acting 3d-class assist.-engineer to the Doi; e gal ; James Torkington and George Alexander, acting 3d-class assist.-engineers, to the Indus, as supernumeraries; George F. Goasage, acting 3d class assist.-engineer, to the Miranda ; R. Oliver, third-class assist: engineer, to the Miranda ; Thos. Lewis, third-class assist-engineer, to the Cumber land, for charge of the Cochin ; and Wm. Watson, third-class assist.-engineer, to the Indus, as super numerary. TILE ARMY. The Carnarvon wing, Royal Carnarvon and An glesey Rifles, under command of Lieut.-Col. J. M'Donald, was inspected on the sth inst. at Car narvon by Lord F. Paulet, C. 8., Inspector of Militia. About 386 (or almost the whole quota of men) were on parade, exclusive of officers, staff, &c. After a minute inspection of the regiment by companies a long course of field movements, with light infantry work, was performed under the direction of the inspecting officer, who afterwards examined the regimental and company books, ar moury, stores. &c. At the conclusion of the inspec tion Lord F. Paulet expressed his great satisfaction at the efficiency, most creditable both to officers and men, with which the field work was performed, as well as with the interior economy of the regi ment; he also stated on parade that he would be able to make one of the most favourable reports possible of the general appearance and efficiency of the corps, and of the manner in which the men had mustered for training, nearly every man borne on the strength of the regiment being actually present. Two-thirds of the men have gene. through a course of preliminary musketry instruction, under the Adjutant, Capt. Nares, during the period of 27 days' training which terminated on the 6th inst. On the occasion of the head-quarters of the Royal Antrim Artillery Militia leaving Woolwich for Newport, Monmouthshire, on the 27th ultimo, the following general order was issued by Major-Gen. Sir R. Dacres, commanding the garrison :—" The Major-General Commanding cannot allow the Royal Antrim Artillery Militia to leave this garrison without expressing to Lord Masserpene, the officers, non-commissioned officers, and men, his high sense of their orderly condact and soldierlike appearance since they have been in this command." Among the numerous artistes arriving in Paris, says Galignani, to settle for the winter season to their duties, other birds of passage to rest before they wing their flight to other capitals, may be mentioned M. Briani, a tenor from Italy, en route for London, where he is engaged by Mr. Smith for an extra opera season to sing with Giug lini' Mdlle. Titiens, and other eminent vocalists. Morelli, the baritone, has also reached town from America, and is re-engaged at the Grand Opera. Mdme. Viardot has also arrived from Dublin, where she has created a furore in Verdi's Shakeaperian opera of "Macbeth." Regmer, Bres sant, Mdme. Plessy, Mdlle. Brohan, and other distin• guished performers of the Francais, have likewise returned after their annual journey in the provinces. Bottesini, the great bassist, is daily expected. M. Sainton, the violinist, last week passed through town after a brief visit to Lyons, his native city. Mr. Henry Binfield, the harpist, has like wise returned for the winter. ~- RUSSIAN COMMERCE. (From the Money Market Review.) During the last year or two, the commercial world has repeatedly been frightened from its pro priety by alarming statements respecting the atti tude of Russia. At one time, that Power has con- eluded an alliance with France, with a view, of course, to aggression upon Europe in general, and upon Turkey in particular. France, it is true, four or five years ago, lavished millions of treasure and thousands of lives in resisting, in conjunction with England, the attempted encroachments of Russia in Turkey. Were she to enter into an alliance, one of the first objects of which would be to promote the long-talked-of partition of the Sultan's dominions, she' would just& incur the opprobrium and even ridicule of the world. Is it to be imagined that her Emperor would beard public opinion, by proclaim ing that all the French blood and treasure expended in Turkey has been utterly wasted, and that his policy is directed by motives of the narrowest and most selfish order ? France is proud of the achieve ment of her sons in the Crimea, and would con sider it almost a sacrilege were Russia to be helped by her hands to the prey in defence of which they died. Even the Emperor Napoleon dare not attempt to guide the nation into a path repugnant to its very nature. His language in every public document of speech points to the exaltation and grandeur of France. How could he possibly make these high-flown sentiments harmonise with a policy which would bear upon its very face the im press of pique, personal resentment, and petty views ? More recently, alarmists have availed themselves of a new peg whereon to hang the forebodings. Hitherto they have talked of a secret alliance be tween Russia and France. Now, ,with a strange disregard of consistency, they croak about an alleged understar ding—i e., alliance—between Russia and Austria, the vanqrished and bitter enemy of France. They soon sketch out a pro gramme. Russia is to hold down Hungary—as if she had not had an effectual lesson in her former interference in that kingdom, and in the gratitude with which Austria repaid her for it—and Austria is to step forth from her fortresses, overthrow the national party in Italy, and disjoint the map of Europe once more. According to some, all this is to be accomplished in defiance of France; accord ing to others, with her concurrence, disgusted as she is alleged to be with the restlessness of an Ita lian revolution. We might point to the folly of supposing for a moment that France can let her work be undone in Italy any more than in the Crimea, or that the Emperor can abandon a broad policy through a petty pique, in the one case more than in the other. We might dwell, too, upon the egregious folly committed by those who complete the sketch by assigning to enlightened Prussia the ignominious task of assisting Austria in replacing the fetters upon Italy. But a trace to such nonsense. We only refer to it in order to show the kind of foreign news, and of comments thereupon, which, in these days of wholesale purveying of telegrams and oracular despatches from abroad, is occasionally served up to tickle the palate of the English people. It meets, unfortunately, with a certain market, or it would cease to be supplied. Let us, however, quit this fanciful branch of the subject, and consider what is really the position of Russia, who is made to figure in so many projects tending to the dis memberment and permanent agitation of Europe. We do not hesitate to affirm our belief that Russia has been maligned. We believe that she has neither the power nor the will to embark in any line of foreign policy that must be backed up by force of arms. And we have very little doubt it will be found that, although the Emperor Alexander may perhaps permit his Foreign Office to go to a certain length in inditing strong despatches relating to Russia's " mission," and so forth, there will be be hind all a strong check, which will prevent their proceedings from becoming a real source of anxiety to Europe. Russia has been flung back from the aggression which she attempted under the direction of her late proud stern Autocrat ; and under the more humane rule of Alexander—more especially under the influence of absolute exhaustion—she has accepted her position. The tremendous nature of the exertions and sacrifices which she made during the late war, is order to cope with Great Britain and France united, has never been fully understood in Western Europe, The finances were brought into a frightful state of disorder, and the nation was drained and impoverished to an extent of which we have little conception. Russia continued the strug gle until she could carry it on no longer. The bur thens which it has left behind are sufficient to dis gust her with the idea of war for a long time to come. Accordingly we see that great retrench ments, amounting by some accounts to three or four millions sterling per annum, have been made sines the olouo of the war, in the ordinary military expenditure. The levies of the population under the conscription have been reduced considerably below the normal level. Neither in point of finan cial nor of military preparation is the Government in a position to enter at present upol a new war, or even upon a course that might lead to war. But apart from the pacific policy which is dic tated by her exhaustion and financial embarrass ments, Russia has other serious internal cares just now. The question of the emancipation of the serfs has forced itself upon the attention of the Govern ment, and is being taken earnestly in hand. The condition of the serfs throughout Russia has been materially ameliorated. It may be said, indeed, that a great social revolution is in course of accom plishment, demanding all the watchfulness and energy of the Government. As an illustration of the changes that have taken place, we may allude here to the contents of letters from Russia which were received in London two or three weeks ago. The writers reside in a district within 100 miles of St. Petersburg. They state that the crops in every part of that region had been greatly retarded by the bad weather, and they draw attention to the remarkable circumstance that their in-gathering on the estates of many of the nobles and great landed proprietors has been delayed and jeopardised more than in other instances. The serfs, in fact, had got in their own crops, whilst many of the proprietors had been unable to do so. The explanation is to be found in the alterations which have been established, with due sanction of law, in the relations between the proprietors and the peasantry. Formerly, if a noble wished his crops to be got in, or other work to be done, he sent his factotum to the serfs' village, who collected the male inhabitants and marched them off without more ado to the scene of opera tions. The lord's work must be finished whatever became of the peasant's patch of land, any rules or regulations to the contrary notwithstanding. Were a , - :v of their serfs to prove refractory, there was a m ilit,,_ry force not far off, and the knout at hand. But now the serfs are only required to work for their lords de::ing three fixed days of the week, the other three being ,ssigned to themselves. Should the days given to his et:'rvice prove unfavourable for badly off, and is obliged field work, the lord comes to urge his peasants to increasedexertion by pay ing them. The letters to whie:l we havo re ferred are of a perfectly original t: nd reliable character, and throw an interesting light upon the progress of the great social revolution in R1::ssla• The movement is obviously not free from dangefs of a vast scope, and the means of obviating these furnishes ample occupation to the Government. Upon the ground, then, of her exhaustion, her financial difficulties, her lack of military prepara tion, the absorbing nature of her home cares, and the humane and enlightened character of the present Emperor, we refuse to believe that Russia harbours at present any designs against the peace of Europe. The meeting of crowned heads at Warsaw, should it take place, will not signify aggression. These views are confirmed by many indications, too nume rous to mention, which cannot escape the attention of those who have peculiarly valuable opportu nities of watching diplomatic and military move ment; in Russia. [ADVIIRTISEMENT.)- - We extract a few out of the many thousand expressions of gratitje from invalids cured with out medicine by Du Barry's delicjeus Revalenta Arabic ,3 Food :—Cure No. 71. The Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de Decies, of many years' dyspepsia and all it s borrors.—Cure No. 49 , 832. ,‘ Fifty years' indescribable agony from dys pepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatu lency, spasms, sickness at the stomach and vomiting, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Food. Maria Joly, Wortham Ling, near Disa, Norfolk."—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Herts, a cure of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. —Cure No. 48,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool, a cure of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irritability. Avoid Pills and Medicines : they invariably aggravate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, disappointment, and expense may be avoid e d b y us i ng D u B arry ' s Food which, at a few pence per day, saves 50 times its cost in other remedies, removing effectually, without purging, constipation, indigestion (dyspepsia) nervous, bilious and liver complaints and all their consequences. Certificate No. 36,418. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew Ure, MD., F.R.S., Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer, Dr. Shorland, Dr. Carapell. Let invalids avoid the fearful dangers of spu rious and injurious imitations offered under a variety of false pretences. Nevill's imitations aro prohibited by t h e high Court of Chancery under a penalty of £5,000 against s Alfred Ilooper Nevill and his agents; and th e p retence that Nevill has a patent for Arabica, Food and that Du Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly_ _ a fal4. No canister is genuine without the name Barry Du and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, ontheseal and wrapper. Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in r: d in tins 1 1 b. ar ticle must expect to be distrust e d in all others. 2s. 9d.; 21b. 4 s , 6d. ; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 22 F s a. . c ; 241 b. 405. The free on receipt 121 b. and 241 b. canisters are sent carriage of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry g a e nd Re gent-street, London; Ifortnunt Mason, and Co. 60, Graccchurch-street ; 4, Chea . pv:j i ford-street ; 330 and 451, d 63 6o, an ß d ish l o s p o ;ga O t x e: illi llip a s ni a . n o d tree Co t: street; Batty, 16, Pavement ; tea-dealers; Petty, Wood, aid ( j_., - mg . an d all among Cit 7 ; at 127, High liolboni, THE BATTLE OF THE VOLT URNO. We are now in possession of details of the great battle which took place on the Ist inst. between the army of Garibaldi and that of Francis 1I. — a battle which has probably decided the campaign, and will leave the discouraged Neapolitan forces an easy conquest to the advancing Piedmontese. The English people have so sincere an admiration of the extraordinary leader who has risen up in Italy that they will be glad to find him by a brilliant exploit retrieving the reputation which had been for a moment obscured. True, the military qualities of Garibaldi, his boldness, his devotedness, and his fertility of resources, had never been questioned, but still one is unwilling to see any shade on so great a man, and a temporary error of political judgment will now be forgotten in the splendour of a victory won at great odds against an enemy who seems to have behaved with sufficient courage. On no former occasion has Garibaldi ever been op posed to so numerous a force in the field. The Neapolitans are estimated by our correspondent as 30,000 strong, while all the troops whom Garibaldi could bring from first to last to the scene of action did not amount to more than half that number. When it is considered that the Neapolitan army is the military force of a large kingdom, that it has been drilled and disciplined for years, that it is well provided with every material of war, and that it rests on such places as Capua. and Gaeta, we may well wonder that Garibaldi, with his hasty levies, is able to keep the field at all. But that he should with a most inferior force repel a general attack of the whole Neapolitan line, defeat the enemy with great slaughter, and take a number of prisoners, variously estimated at from 2,000 to 5,000, proves that he is not only a partisan chief or a reckless and fortunate adventurer, but a General in the highest sense of the word, one capable of command ing in a regular campaign, and winning a battle by the exercise of military skill. The events of the Ist show Garibaldi to be a trustworthy leader in warlike operations, and give reason to believe that when the Piedmontese succours arrive he will be able to make short work with the Bourbon throne. The details of this important victory will be un derstood from the letter which we print this morn ing. To this we need add little. The position of the opposing armies is well known. The revolu tion, though it has driven King Francis from his capital, has not yet been able to expel him from the neighbourhood. The Neapolitan army on the morning of the Ist was within a few hours' march of the city of Naples. The country between Capua and Caserta was the scene of the fight, and the cannon of the Monarch and the Revolutionists affrighted the timid citizens of the capital. If the Kin , z had been victorious, he would have been in Naples before night. And at one time it seemed that he might be victorious. The troops which he commanded might be relied upon for at least one struggle worthy of an army. The Swiss and Germans would fight because they are consti tutionally brave, and look to the Royal cause for food and pay, and, in case of a victory, for plunder. The Neapolitan soldiers would behave well because they are soldiers, and look with contempt and aver sion on irregular levies. Accordingly, at early dawn they were led to the attack. The King and his advisers knew they must strike a blow. In a few days the Piedmontese would be in the country, confident in their numbers and discipline, and flushed with success over the Algerian General and his mercenaries. Should Cialdini march in from the Campagna and take the Royal position in the rear, there would be nothing left for Francis but to return to his original intention, and take the steamer for Barcelona or Trieste, or whatever other port he might find convenient. A victory over Garibaldi might rehabilitate the Neapolitan throne. If the King were once again in his capital, even the audacious Cavour would hardly venture to is vade his dominions. He would be dealing success fully with rebels in his own territory, and the prin ciple of non-intervention would demand that he should be left to fight it out with the Filibuster who had landed on his soil. So, in the mist of an autumn morning the whole Neapolitan line at tacked. It was, in short, a second Inkerman. The Neapolitans, " taking advantage of the mist," ap proached unobserved quite close up to a barricade of four guns, and carried it at the first onset, driving the Garibaldians across the main road towards Sr. Angelo. They then formed on this new position in regular line of battle. The whole line was suc cessful, and it appeared for a moment as if every thing was lost. How Garibaldi retrieved the fortune of the day our readers will learn from our correspondent's letter. The fight began with only a small number of the Garibaldians opposed to the enemy. The leader went forward, revolver in hand, and encou raged his men in their desperate resistance. Gra dually the supports came up, and the Neapolitans were charged with the bayonet. They were every where driven back, broken, and routed. But the battle was not decided till the afternoon. For eight hours long did it rage, till, at last, about four o'clock, the Neapolitans were flying in all direc tions, and were pursued by the conquerors close under the walls of Capua. Such was the battle of the Volturno, which has probably caused the King and his advisers to give up all hope of retaking Naples. It is evident that if the Neapolitans, with the advantage of numbers and a surprise, could not defeat the revolutionary army, they are not likely to succeed when the Dic tator's forces are fully prepared, and are encouraged by the victory they have won. The 5,000 men made prisoners, if not an exaggeration, must in clude the Bavarians, who in the same telegram are announced as having been cut off by the Garibal dians. From all sources, however, it is announced that the number is large, and the King's army must be considered as weakened by several thou sand men. The effect on the people of Naples of the threatening attitude of the King's troops pre vious to the battle shows the difficulties of the Dic tator, and the immense - importance of his success. The frightened citizens were engaged in taking down the tricolour wherever it ornamented their houses, and would, no doubt, have shouted as loudly for the returning Bourbon as for the de throner. There is a story of a number of people being crushed to death in Naples through one per son in a crowd having felt some water trickling on him from a balcony. He started aside. This com municated a shock to his neighbour, who sprang against a third, and in a few seconds a wild panic had seized the whole assemblage. Such is the Neapolitan, the ready victim of every kind of excitement and terror. They will probably glance uneasily at the emblem of Italian unity until they hear that Francis has taken ship from Gaeta, and then they will go mad again with joy and the desire of vengeance. The Dic tator must take care to avoid even the momen tary appearance of failure, if he would keep the people true to the cause they have espoused. Hap pily, he seems to be following up his victory. It is announced from one quarter that Capua was at tacked on the sth. The telegram we publish states that a report was current at Naples that the place had surrendered. It seems therefore at least pretty plain that the revolutionary leader had taken the offensive, and that the royalists could not prevent him from attacking one of their strongholds. A few days more will probably crown with success this strange and romantic expedition.---7imes. WILLS AND BEQUESTS. Major-General Broke': The will of Major- General Horatio George Broke, of Gloucester place, Hyde-park, was proved in London o n the 28th of September last by his executors ; the per sonalty being sworn under £12,0 00 . He devises his land and farms in Suffolk to his son Horace Broke, subject to an annuity of £l2O to his relict ; and to her he leaves an immediate legacy of £2,000, and all the furniture, plate, and other household effects absolutely ; and further bequeaths to her for her life the life interest arising from the residue of -plae his estates, real and person al, and on her decease to devolve to his said son absolutely. The testator has left small annuities for the lives of three wido ws . The will bears date the 11th of June, 1860. Baron Samuel --A special probate of the will of Baron Denis Moses Samuel , a Baron of the king residing at 26 , Sussex place - park, was gra nted on. the 28th of Septem ber dom of Portug al, residing at Susses Regent's-ber last by tills e London Con . rt ot Probate to Barone Amelia de Sainz.lel, the widow. The deceased Commander of the . Order of the Rose of the F w as • of Brazil. The will was executed in the - , m I)! re English form, and bears date 'Lae Ist try of July, 1859 The personal prope rt y sworn to in this country was was es timated at £300,000; there are also investments in foreign se curities, in Greece, Ti rke Y) B raz ii , and other kingdoms, besides East India stock and landed estates . To his wife he has secured in this property during her life, and a large interest two sons until they respectively annuities . to his 25. His daughter, who has attain the age of has amply provided for. The recently.. married, he residuary legatee, and takes wife is appointed the and profits of the real estate a portion . of the rents is devised to his eldest son. for r, life. The freehold lega cies to his clerks and servants.l here are some is engraved the royal arms The plate, on which the possession of his of Portugal, he leaves in eldest . son and his wife, and on her decease to his in the family. Thesuccessors, to be always retained royal license to take baron had also obtained the being maintained • the name of De Vahl, property in the family The further accounts from New York this morn ing show that the transactions in stocks were more active than ever. In the discount market and the rate of ex change there was no alteration. Purchases of wheat for exportation were being made on a large setae, and at im proyiug prim. ESCAPE OF THREE PRISONERS FROM. HULL GAOL. On Friday night or early on Saturday morning three prisoners, who were awaiting their trial at the sessions, very cleverly effected their escape from the Hull Borough Gaol. Their names are Robed Kershaw, Wm. Hy. Gillsor, and George Smith.- Kershaw is 22 years of age, 1,..nd was in custody for uttering base coin ; Smith is 21 years of age, and was similarly charged ; and Gillson, who is 19 years of age, and by trade a butcher, was charged with breaking into a slaughter-house and stealing a quantity of tallow. During the night they were confined in a large room in the sessions ward of the prison, with another man named Clarke, 1 also in custody for stealing tallow. The room is ono storey high, and not being used for felons, it was not so strongly guarded as the cells in the other parts of the gaol. Since the escape of the con vict Foster, a few months ago, the governor (Capt. Neill) has had the windows of the sessions ward cells made more secure by the addition of three cross bars to the windows. This judicious step, how ever, does not appear to have at all disheartened' the three prisoners, whose oscape we are now nar rating. By some means or other they became pos sessed of a pocket-knife used in that part of the prison where mats are manufactured. This knife must have been passed from one prisoner to another until it reached one of the three who escaped. This knife they converted into a kind of saw, or file, and they succeeded in cutting through a perpendicular bar about one inch in diameter. They also cut through one of the cross bars, which is about an inch and three eighths broad by three quarters of an inch thick. In order to prevent discovery during the progress of the saw, the aperture made in the bar was carefully filled up with moistened bread and soot. The inspector of the prison, we are informed, examined the bars of this particular cell a day or two ago, and he was then unable to see anything to excite his suspicion. On Friday night the four prisoners were locked up in the room, and no doubt very shortly after the turnkey had gone his round the operations of the night were com menced. After the bars had been cut through the three fellows by an extraordinary effort, appear to have wrenched the bars from their sockets. The aperture Mils made for their egress was about 111 by 9 inches. The prisoners seem to have possessed themselves of bits of rope, which they had pur2oined from various parts of the prison, and by cuti - ing up the bed rug, they had a long rope at their disposal. While this rope was in course of preparation it must, order to elude the vigilance of the prison officials, l ve been secreted in the mattress or up the chimney. The sash weight of the window had been taken aavaY• and was affixed to the bottom of the rope. With the aid of the rope the three prisoners managed to descend into the yard, leaving the fourth occupant of the cell (the man Clarke) still in his bed. Upon: getting into the prison yard they were still faced by the boundary wall, which is 27 feet in height. The place chosen for the escape into the street was near a coal heap, which gives an eleva tion of several feet from the ground. They also appear to have got a pole from some part of the gaol, which they reared against the wall, and the distance to ascend to the top of the wall was com paratively little. Once upon the top of the wall the descent was easy, and one prisoner safely over would no doubt lend a helping hand to his com panions. The prisoners, after having scaled the boundary wall, got over a second one 9ft high, and they were then clear of the gaol, and in Manor house-street. The escape was discovered by the turnkey about half-past five o'clock on Saturday morning. At that time Clarke was in bed, and he most positively denied any knowledge of what had. taken place. .n- COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESIEIt—OcT. 6. More samples of wheat were brought into market to-day, with a slow trade, and prices were barely at late currencies. Barley in good demand, and sold at fully late rates. Beans none at market. New peas were selling readily. Wheat, white s4s to 68s Beans, Mazagan..4os to 42s red 44s to 60s Middle & small 44s to 50a Barley 4os to 44s White peas 44s to 48s Oats 26s to 28s I Grey, . 4OO to 44s CHELMSFORD - Om. 5. A fair supply of new wheat to-day, most of it much out of condition, and some quite unsaleable. Prices ruled at former rates. A few dry samples of new barley made their appearance, but no prices established. Spring cern firm at late prices. Wheat, white 51s to 68s I Peas, Partridgo..43s to Vs& red 60s to 66s I White 43s to 46s Barley 35s to 41s Boiling 43s to 47s Chevalier ....36s to 41s ' Dun 39s to /2s Grinding 32s to 363 Bemis, Tick ....40s to 463 Malt.. 61s to 67s Harrow Ticks 41s to 49s . - Chevalier ....64s to 6(..'s Mazagan 35M to 438 Oats 26s to 31a . KIRKALDY—OcT. 6. We had moderate supplies of barley to-day, and in good condition, with a ready sale at an advance on last week of is to 2s on fine qualities ; indifferent parcels wore sold at late rates. Old and now wheats were both rather dearer. Oats is to 2s cheaper. Wheat Barley Oats First.... 62s Od 29s Od 24s Od Second.. 68s Od 38s Od 28s Od Third .. —s Od 40s Od 29s Od COAL MARKET—Ocr. 8. (rdoes of Coal per Ton at the dose of the market.) s. d. 8. 6 Kelloe .. l9 6 6 Hetton 3 Lambton 2O 0 6 Woodhouse Close 17 0 Hartlepool.... 2O 0 3 Keiper Grange.... • lB 6 3 Byron ••• ...18 6 6 Bi7ddyll's Hetton ..... 18 9 9 Haswell"... ......... 20 0 Hedley ..............18 3 Ships at market, 66 ; sold, U. THE 11141—LS. Walls End. Davison's West Hart ley .... 16 Buddle'sWest Hartley 16 Holywell 16 Taufield Moor Butes l3 Howard's West Hart ley 16 Wylam.... l6 West Hartley 16 Eden Main lB MAILS DUE. Australia, Ceylon, and. Mauritius (via South ampton) .. • • .. • .. Oct. 19. Do. (via Marseilles) Oct. 13. Brazil and Cape Verds • • .. Nov. 5. Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &c• • • • . Oct. —. Bahamas and Havana (via New York) .. Oct. —. Canada, &c. (via G a l way ) • .. Oct. 6. Cape of Good Hope, &c. .. Nov. 2. China, Penang, ant Singapore ( via S'ampton) . Overdue. Do. Gibraltar (vi a Southampton) (via Marseilles) Oct . .. Overdue. 13 u . e. India (Calcutta), C e yl on , & c . ( v i a Southampton) Overdue. Do. (via Marseilles) Oct. 13. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. Oct. 10. Do. • (via Marseilles) • • Oct. 4. Lisbon •• •• •• •• •• .. Oct. 11. Cuba and Maxie) .. • • • • • • ,• . Oct. 15. Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton):.• Overdue. Do. (via Marseilles) . . O c t. 4. Vigo, and Oporto .. • • • • • • .. Oct. 11., United States, California, &c. Oct. 11. Western Coast of Atrica, Madeira, Teneriffe Overdue. West Indies and Pacific, Carthagena, Cuba, &e. Oct. 16. Loss OF A SCHOONER AND TIER CREW.—M ore of the fruits Saturday d l a a y t e evening hurricane two tugs are arrivedgradually a t Greenock becoming, k n own, h av ing a derelict vessel in tow. The w rec k was on. her beam ends, with only a small portion o f h er l ar b oard quar ter above water, and to the hull w as a t tached one of the mas ts, which had been broken away, and some spars and r igging. The wreck was towed i nto Cartsdyke Bay. It On of Sa t had been picked up off Lamlash on Wednesday morning by one of the tugs. It proved to be the schooner Caledonia, of Greenock, John M'Cuaig, master and owner. Mrs. M'Cuaig, the master's wife, who resides at Greenock, re ceived a letter from her husband on Wednesday last, writ ten from Londonderry on the morning of the previous day, stating that he had got a pilot on board, and was about to start in ballast for Ardrossan ; and the next thing she hearh of the vessel was her being brought to Greenock on Saturday were three men on board, and there is every reason to fear evening a tot a l wrec k. B es id es t h e master there that all have perished. .--.---__ BIRTHS. ELLis.—On the sth inst. , at Morden-hill, Blackheath, th e wife of Joh n Ellis, Esq., of a son. P ENNANT.—On the 7th inst., at Mortimer House, Halkin street, the Lady Louisa Douglas Pennant, of a daught er , stillborn. PAYNE.—On the Bth inst., at 32, Kensington-square, Mrs. Wyndham Payne, of a son. WARD.—On the Bth inst., at 2, Lennard-place, St. Jolla' s . d w a o u o g d h , te t r. he wife of Howard Charles Ward, Esq., o f a MARRIAGES. BARRY—RIITTER.—On the 4th inst., at the parish church, Clapham, Godfrey W. Barry, - Esq., fourth son o f th e late Sir Charles Barry, to Frances Emily, the youngest daughter of J. S. Rutter, Esq., Clapham-common. NELSON—MORICE.—On the 4th inst., at St. James's, Holloway, Thomas Nelson, Esq., M.D., R.N., to Jane, second daughter of Commander G. F. Morice, R.N., of .A.rundel•square, Barnsbury-park, Islington. D A T EDWARDS.—On the 7th inst., Mary Ann, the beloved wife of Thomas Edwards, Esq., solicitor, of 16, Vorleys Villas, Junction-road, Upper Holloway, aged 44. COTTRELL.—On the 4th inst., at White Hart-lane,:Tot tenham, G. A. Cottrell, Esq., late Accountant-General Inland Revenue. CARR.—On the 26th ult., at St. Lawrence, Ramsgate, Henry Carr, Esq., of Wilmott-square, Bethnal-green, aged 80. Joseph Gee, Esq., DEMFSEY.—On the sth inst., atWoolwich,rhas. Demps e y, Esq., Inspector-General of Hospitals, aged 55. the county of Yor- DIXON. — On the 2d inst., Joseph Dixon, Esq., A pton Field, Bishop's Stortford, aged 76. n ing th h e am sth an in d st E . p w e e , s i t n oft, GE O E f . C — o t O t York shire, aged 68. .—On the sth inst., at Ostend UZIELLI f Matthew Uzielli, Esq., of Ha,nover Lodge, Ragent's-park, aged 55. 'veartthlio°r LONDON : Printed and Published by mij EDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Au, No. 112, st ra nd, In the Preoinet of th e Savo in th a coati 1006441 i itthr i - '' row,/