The Sun. — London, England, 1860-04-09 00:00:00

FERDINAND BRAND, Comptroller. CONTRACT FOR BLANKETS FOR TRANSPORT SERVICE. Department of the Comptroller for Victualling and TTransport Services, Somer plset-ace, April 7,1860 G . HE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTING the OFFICE of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the UNITED KID pGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, DO E REBY GIVE NOTICE, That on TUESDAY, the 24th net, at half-past One o'Clock, they will be ready to treat with su ch Persons as may be willing to Contract for supplying I°l4 delivering into her Majesty's Transport Stores at Dept lord the undermentioned Articles, viz. : - ( PAO BLANK ETS (not stove dried) for Transport Service. ~.be half to b e d e li vere d i n th ree we( k s, an d th e rema i n d er i n three weeks afterwards, or earlier if preferred by the party tenderi ng . No tender will be received 'unless made on the prieted form. Provided for the purpose, and which may be obtained on ap plication at the said Office. Part cider attention is calk d to the recent modifications of 4 _ l 4e Conditions of the Contracts, which, together with a Fat `e.,„rrl Blanket, may be seen at the said Office. „A G tender will be ree , ived after half-past One o'clock on 4 _le day of treaty, and it will not be required that the party ndering, or an agent on his behalf, should attend at the „"ffi, ce on the day of Contract, as the result of the offer re ed from each person will be communicated to him and his Proposed sureties in writing. Every tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the •I,(lrniralty, and bear in the left-hand corner the words " Ten !er for Transport Blankets," and must also be delivered at Somerset-house. NATIONAL PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, F 48, Gracechurch-street, London. o r i -TUTLTAL ASSURANCE on LIVES, ANNUITIES, de. Established December, 1835. DIRECTORS : SAMUEL, HAYHURST LUCAS, Esq., Chairman. CHARLES LUSHINGTON, Esq., Deputy Chairman. John Bradbury, Esq. Robt. Ingham, Esq., M.P. T bomas Castle, Esq. Charles Reed, Esq., F.S.A Richard Fall, Esq. Robert Sheppard, Esq. J ohn Feltham, Esq. Jonathan Thorp, Esq. Charles Gilpin, Esq., L.P. Charles Whetham, Esq. Charles Good, Esq. PITYSICIANF4 a b • T. Conquest, M.D.,Thomas Hodgkin, M.D. 4A NKEns.-31essrs. Brown, Janson, and Co., and Bank of England. SOLICITOR.—Septimus Davidson, Esq. CONSULTING ACTUARY.—CharIes Ansell, Esq., F.R.S. 'MUTUAL ASSURANCE WI ITIOUT INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY. E xtracts from the Report of the Directors for the year 1859 : N umber of new policies issued 952. ,reducingh sum of £191,025 10 7 , an annual income of 16;781 5 4 Making the total annual income, after deduot rn £50,112 annual abatement in premiums 283,544 6 3 ...otal number of policies issued 22,586. Araount paid in claims by the deee Ise of mem bers, from the commencement of the institu tion in December, 1835 Amount of accumulated fund 1 755,685 6 11 The effect of the successful operation of the Society during t he whole period of its existence may be best exhibited by re eitidtulating the declared surpluses at the four investigations blade up to this time. For the 7 years ending 1842, the Surplus was £32,074 11 5 tf 5 years „ 181, 1, „ 86,122 8 3 5 years „ 1852 „ 232,061 18 4 i' 11 5 years „ 1857 „ 345,034 311 'he directors accept surrenders of policies at any ti me a ft er payment of one year's premium, and they believe that their Scale for purchase is large and equitable. The Prospectus, with the last Report of the Directors, and oth illustrations of the profits for the five years ending the th November 1857 ma be had on application, b which e lt trill be seen , that , the reductions on the premiums range :Lora 11 'mown per cent. to 981 and that in one instance premium is extinct. , Instances of the bonuses are also . Members whose premiums fall due on the lit of April are reminded that the same must be paid within 30 days tr ora that date. March, 1860. JOSEPH MARSH, Secretary. 3IIRISTY'S MINSTRELS, Polygraphic Hall, King William-street, Strand.—Farewell Season in Lon ea.—Every Evening at 8, and every Saturday Morning - at ~23 clock. Tickets and places may be secured at the Hall Vont 11 till 4, and at Mr. Austin's West-end Box-office, St. ititraes's Hall, Piccadilly.—Sole Proprietor and Manager, - J. W. RAYNOR. A . RG YLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Picea dilly.—Open every Evening, with the celebrated Band -,,Aducted by Mons. Lamotte (chef d'orchestra to the Em added Napoleon). A maznificent SMOKING SALOON ,„ to this Establishment. Doors open at 8 o'clock. Ad 'ulislon le TIRE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, HIGH HOLBORN. -111 Establishment, pre-eminently distinznished for the 1, ante and matchless beauty of its decorations, combined EVENING the erfection for of its management, is OPEN EVERY DANCING. The celebrated band, under the sectiont,t of Mr. W. M. Packer, plays a nightly-varied telec eh of the approved classical and modern music. h ° °l's open at half-past 8. Overture at 9. Closing at 12 vil tletually. Admission, Is. REDUCTION OF TENT POUNDS PER TON In the price of THORLEY'S FOOD FOR CATTLE On and after the Ist of April. 1860. Nrrels ctg 448 Feeds, wg nett 1121b5., with measure, 40s each ` 4 Ses „ 448 Feeds„. 1121b5., in Packets, 45s each Carriage paid to any railway station in the kingdom, Nutritives value .. £l5 Condimental value .. .. 125 Total £l4O per ton. *Vat% caomProfit of £lOO per ton through the use of this in of 'food for a PoUnd. adapted for the seasoning of all kinds PAgs nimals. reqUired in every town where none are already td. j°3EPII THORLEY, the Inventor and sole Proprietor. Offices, 77, Newgate-street, London. A Pamphlet sent free by post on application. SURE CURE. - LAMBERT'S ASTHMATIC BALSAM', without confining the bowels or affecting the fad, truly efficacious and pleasant, is admitted to be the best quedicine for immediately relieving coughs, colds, confirmed Z„ 105 of asthma and consumption. It frequently cures per t"B whom the falulty pronounce incurable, admirably allays I'm tickling . which provokes frequent coughing. approach t!,Z consumption its effects are truly beneficial. I rersons de rwed of sleep, or even lying down for fear of suffocaVon, p 47 depend on relief in a few minutes after takinc , it. Pre- only and sold by W. Lambert, chemist, 20, b Jermyn hket, Haymarket, and by all druggists, in bottles, 130., ,c, 3 (1. and 4s. 6d. each. Be particular and ask for Lambert's av end !,htnatic on Balsa the stamp illiam Lambert, 20, Jermyn-street is ed J et Published, in 1 vol., - fivo. with numerous Anatomical Plates, post free, on receipt of six penny stamps, yITA VITALIS. - A NEW MEDICAL WORK hi, on the NATURE, TREATMENT and CURE of Dl ~, I RMATORRFICEA, and other URINO -GENITAL 4I.MASF:S, and consequent exhaustion of the NERVOUS gW S TIM. caused by the errors of Man in youth and producing a degeneracy of MENTAL and PILYSICAL it tlNcrrn, terminating in debility of the generative or -1,7118 and INCAPACITY FOR MARRIED LINT , s h ew i ng tilY these Disease s so o ft en appear I ncura bl e w h en i n real i ty t„, can be effectually r emove d b y th e mos t s i mp l e means, f" , o'ther with the Author's remedies for preventing in itt,,,,kY A PHYSICIAN, &c., &c. (registered under the New `gleal Act). Address, Medicus, 19, Berners-street,"Oxford ,:teet, London. Sold by J. Allen, Townwtokne, Pater "c'eter-row, and all Booksellers in and Country. P n NO MORE MEDICINE nABITUAL CONATIPATION, INDIGESTION (DYSPEPSIA), ~ , "'"RILITY, NERVOUS, BILIOUS, PULMONARY, AND LIVER YJ BARRY ' S DELICIOUS HEALTH RESTORING REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD.- t:rtificate co. 36,418.-In our practice we have been enabled 04 1 ,PPreoiate the virtues of Du Barry's Food. In its effect on tif,"te dyspepsia (indigestion), nervousness, constipation, bigtheea, on bilious and liver oomplamts, cough, sa asthm 1, de ,gY, and incipient co nsu w mption, e find it thesafest remedy. 14,, r •Yre, M.D., F.R.S., Dr. Harvey, Dr. Bright, Dr. f3hor Geeur. Campbell. e Harry's Food cures effectually--Acidity, asthma bilious blood to the head, bowel complaints, bronchitis, ea to.'ll, colds, congestion . con stinittion, consumption, ^ra m ps, o p Utrh, debility, despondency, diarrhoea, disten don, dizziness, ti o cl „PsY, drowsiness, dysentery, dyspepsia (indig es ti on ) , erup - Iiit„" 8 -, exhaustion, fevers, cpileptie fits, flatulency, g ou t, ha te,"al constipation, headache, heartburn, haemorrhoids, 11 0 ~*a , Impurities, indigestion (dyspepsia,) irritability, irrita lo " o f kidneys and bladder. liver complaints, loss of memory, siZ spirits• nausea and sickness, nervousness, nervous fan tleOeuralgia, noises in the ear, pains between the shoul fif,t, • Palpitation, partial paralysis, ph , egm, pulmonary corn tb,.„ll-8, rheumatism, scrofula, sinking, sleeplessness, sore p,„"st, spasms, tightness across the chest. At about one c o ,nY per meal, it efTectually cures the above, also children's b a Tl , , Taints, and EMITS fifty times its cost in medicine. It does he io 'U l ll acid nor interfere with a 'iberal diet but imparts a ,i' i ,Y relish for lunch and dinner, and restores the faculty I,f.ii-estion, and nervous and muscular energy to the most f)y, r e eb,led. We extract a few out of many thous and cures :- ef,,, s e No. 54,816, from the Rev. James T. Campbell, Syder db„.:e Rectory, near Fakenham, Norfolk : "In all cases of in 107:,`Ntion, and particularly where the liver is affected, (~,,.nsider it the best of all remedies. -James T. Campbell." th e ", No. 71, of Dyspepsia, from the Right Honourable Lt„Stuart de Declesderived considerable qe,ftt from Du Barry's Revalenta Arahica Food. Stuart do li, e „,.' e s."-Cure No. 49,832 : " Fifty years' indescribable agony 11 f",,, dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, 1 41,7, te neY, spasms, sickness at the stomach and vomi'initT, d o r been removed by Du Barry's excellent Food. Maria tl o e 1-7Ai IWortham Lino . , near Dies. Norfolk. w "-Cure No. 52,087: ti garshal tu.• Duke of Plusko, of a gastric inflamma i'se, Of the stonsseh.-Cure No. 51,614 : Ba ron d e P o l en t z , Ib,'ect of Lanoenau of many years' horrible sufferings of i s , a,nerves and an obstinate constipati on . - Cure No. kMiss Elizabet.i Lscobs of Nazing Vicarag e , ~6 1 ,:.n. a 111 Cross, Hefts, a etre of extreme nervousness erp~sratherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. 0 48 314 • Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Li' • I, es v .„ • : a cure of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of us irritability. -Cure No. 18,•?16 : Dr, Andrew Ure, of 8-tps.tion, dyspepsia, nervous irritability.-Cure No. 34,210: hti . 4' n .orland, of dropsy and debility.-Cure No. 34,212 Cap 'lll,o,4l-Ilan, of epileptic fits.-Cure 42,116 ; Major Edie, of eernont of the liver, and total prostration of strength ,114.4,,e . iY No. 3a,418 : Itev. Dr. Minster, of cramps, spasms, vomiting-.-Cure No. 26,418: Dr. Harvey, of ` o ll),„' c ea and debility.-Cure No. 36,618: Dr. Wurtzer, of t i,sf,i l nPtion.-Cure No. 32,8:0: William Hunt, Esq. Bar uokb, 01 paralysis.-Cure No. 44,270: Mr. James Roberts. Inbar Merchant, of Fritnley. Surrey, 30 years' diseased spitting' of blood, liver derangement, partial ‘,,,e4 5, •--Cure No. 44,814: Mr. Samuel Laxton, Lei ut two years' diarrluca. - - Cure. No. 52,612 : 'n'ager Countess of Castlestuart, of many years' per t isn i rltability, bile and indigestion, -Cure No. 54,812 : Miss „a Zeguers, cured of consumption, after her medi a ‘',l!r e "`"Jiners had abandoned all hopes of re i)very.- „up kti ' 4 o. 180: "Twenty-five years' nervousness, con- I nrs e , i n , indigestion, and detillty, from which I have t t 4 t Ove Zreat misery, and which no medicine could re bitr„., or relieve, have been effectually cured by Du : 1 54 . 8 4. Food in a very short time. W. B. reeves, 181, %,"tvo" , ,Zreef T ondon "-No 4 208 : "Eight years' dyspepsia, 4, ( 411 -n ess ' , debility,' with . o:amps, spasms, and nausea, for 1 1 ''',eto;17 servant had consu fted the advice of . many, have been ap„ Y cured by Du Barry's health-restoring Food. I shall `"117 to answer any inquiries. Rev. John W. Flavell, aGd 'Lee ^" 3 n t N 836 • " Three years' ssi v , ec ory, or e ,„' n ervousness, with pains in ray neck and left arm, eral debility, which rendered my life vet y miserable, 'ociii`-'n.r.adically removed by Du Barry's health-restoring 4re Stuart, Archdeacon of Ross, Skibbereen." - I? on de bili d. r" Thirteen years' cough, indigestion, and gene- Y) have been removed by Du Barry's excelle Fn io e snisf e hrr ef i ne ls: 11b. 2s. nd., 21b, 4s. (id., 1?.1b. 225., 2 , 41 b. 40s. h,u. y am ., u quality 51b. 225., 1011). 335. The 10Ib., 1.?1b., and qtry b u "''ts carriage free on receipt of Post-office Order, by st i . l4 ‘ ta jio uttY aneCo., Pic Regent-street, London si,„set . 11 ) and Co. 182, Piccadilly ; Abbis, 60, Gracechurch "ue, 4,411 1 0 at 63 and 150 Oxford-street, 330, Strand, 4, Cheap -494 throu g h all grocera ancl chemists. ITU DTTA I, r.h MO --The Corn , _ mittee for Lettin , the City Lands will Meet, at GUILD -RIAU, on WEDNESDAY, tie 18th Ap r il int., at 1 o'clock treciselr, to receive PROPOSALS fcr BUILDING LEASES of Four Pots of Ground on no east side of Jewry street and th e sou th s id e of High-street, Alo,gate, in the City of Lneton, and for Repairing Leases of Two Houses, Not. and 2, Chiswell-street, FinShary, and Two Houses, Nos. 9 and 10, Butcher-row, Ratoliff. Plans of the property may be seen, and forms of tender obtained upon application at the Architect's Office, Guild hall. 1 , 10 r, WI ay 8 811 ol 405 to barley? Oats I° )s to 30s to 455. 37s Per f whea t ' y m3lll' is taken • e doloP LOs to 4. 511 14s to 4s to '4o° With tO 636 / shoal ° Os to B, now, 38 —8 P Bl ) 408 r. T heat, gtdily ag o sag at late ", 336 to ns Es to 21 0 23 to 4 1: 6s to 49" Pa tche ' 1 m ailo• — 1•10%,' I ,aIAD — due' _...--' 111 0 Apr 11318Y 11 0 Apr, 0 Apr' , May 3 AP OO 1 . 1 Apra April 0 - APril IS , 0 April - Apr 10 110 ' , Apri, ©pct il Apr,l 10 Apr. m oo April 0 A tit ,ctor be p" iengs is N°. 21,151. 1' ÜBLICATION S. This Day, Two Volumes, Foolscap Octavo, 10s. Gd., nENGALA ; OR, SOME TIME AGO. By Mrs. VIDAL, Author of" Tales for the Bush." London: John W. Parker and Son, West Strand. MA PSTIMAN'S LIFE OF GENERAL HAVELOCK. Oa Friday nett-will be published, in One Volume, Bvo., with a Portrait and Two Maps, ATEmm,Rs OF SIR HENRY HAVELOCK, K.C.B , with Selections from his Correspondence and Journals. By his Brother-in-Law, JOHN CLARK MARSH MAN. London : Longman, t seen, Longman, and Roberts. THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CCXXVi Was published on SATURDAY LAS P. CONTENTS. I. Commercial Relations of England and France. 11. The Youth oflllilt on. 111. Expense of Public Education. IV. English Local Nomenclature. V. Civil Correspondence of the Duke of Wellington. VI. De Broglie's Church and Roman Empire. VII. The Alleged Shakspeare Forgeries. VIII. Darwin's Origin of Species. IX. France, Savoy, and Switzerland. London : Longman and Co. Edinburgh : A. and C. Black. GOVERNMENT upon FIRST PRINCIPLES. Illustrated Analogically, Statistically, and Morally. By JOHN GROSSMITII. This work embodies a wide field for information, not only upon Social and Moral subjects, but upon a great variety of questions which are essentially incorporated with the politi cal discussions of the day, in connection with the Commerce, Trade, and Taxation of the country, Statesmen and lovers of intelligent progress will find in it a compilation of facts well worthy their attention. London: Piper and Co., Paternoster-row. 144 awes, 70 Enavings, post free 2 stamps. M COg SENSE in a NUTSHELL ; or , Vi Every Man his own Doctor. The MEDICAL ADVISER, containing rules, prescriptions, &c., for the speedy cure, by very simple means, of Spermatorrheea, and all the more com mon diseases of the urino-genital system, which, from neglect or improper treatment, too often result in Pains in the Back, Gravel, Nervousness, Exhaustion, and Incapacity. Sent post free for two Stamps, by Dr. DE Rods, 10, Berners-street, Oxford-street, W. Now ready, No. XII., price Three-halfpence (to be continued weekly), THE SUNDAY TIMES' RACING RECORD AND HANDICAP BOOK. EDITED BY ALBERT FEIST Subscribers in al' parts of the United Kingdom may have the weekly numbers and the bound parts supplied to them, post free, on the payment of one guinea per annum. THE SPRING PART OF THE SUNDAY TIMES' RACING RECORD Is Now Ready, price sixpence, post free sevenpence. It contains the Programmes for March and April ; Nomi nations for the principal races ; Derby, Oaks, and Handicap Lots ; Lists of Jockeys and Trainers, and other useful infor mation. The SUMMER PART of the Sunday Times' Racing Re cord will be published on the first of P . üblished by Edmund Seale, at the Offic June e, 103, Fleet-street, London, E,C. Just published, price 25., free by post, 2s. 4d., O N SPERMATORRHCE A. By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.E., And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the Cure of Strictures of the Urethra. " The aim of the author is to present a common-sense view of the Causes, Nature, Consequences, and Treatment of this Disease, as also to free these questions from the Professional Fallacies, the Popular Delusions, and the exaggerations of Quackery by which they have hitherto been surrounded, to the destruction of the health and happiness of thousands. These objects are discussed in a common-sense and highly practical manner."—Medical Circular. London : 11. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT.—The BEULAH SPA HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISH MENT, Upper Norwood, replete with every comfort, within 20 minutes' walk of the Crystal Palace, is open for the recep tion of patients and visitors. The latter can have the advan tages, if desired, of a private residence. Terms and particulars of Dr. Ritterbandt, M.D., Resident Physician. WEDDING STATIONERY, including ev er y requisite.—Beautiful and elegant designs by DE LA RUE and Co. A sample packet and price list sent free. No charge for carriage on orders over 20s. The London Depot for De La Rue and Co.'s manufactures—HENßY GOOD'S. 60,Moorgate-street, E.C. Card prates and crest dies engraved in the first style. and note papers beautifully embossed in coloured relief, or if plain, stamped without charge. An illustrated catalogue will be forwarded free on application. MR. ESKELL'S PATENTED INCORRODI TILE TEETH, beautifully enamelled, and of exquisite workmanship, SUPPLIED, without extracting teeth or stumps, or giving any pain whatever, on his never-failing princ►ple of self-adhesion, restoring perfect mastication and articulation, and rendering detection impossible —guaranteed. Teeth stopped, loose teeth fastened, kc. Consultations free Terms strictly moderate.-314, Regent-Street, facing Poly technic; and Bennett's-hill, Birmingham. Established 1847. PRESENTS. —ORNAMENTAL and SCIEN TIFIC.—ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library, and Dining-room, consisting of anew and elegant assortment of VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Inks tands, beautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, dm., in Italian,Alabas ter, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &o. Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mineralogist to her Sfajosty, 149, Stand, W.C., London. Me. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS, STINERALS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly facilitate the interesting study of MINERALOGY, CONCHOLOGY, tnd GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas each. PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE RALOGY is given by Mr. TENNAN r, at 149, Strand, W.C. Post free for Two Stam s. lX TR A ORDINARY DISCOVERY of an entirely NEW THEORY of CURING DISEASE, being the recorded Experience of 30 Years' Special Practice in Great Britain, France, and America—with the latest Scientific Discoveries, denominated LOCAL SELF-TREAT MENT, discovered abroad, and which is so simple that all can practise for himself privately, successfully, and at the smallest cost, thus avoiding doctors' fees and their mineral poisons. The "NEW MODE" is an EXTRAORDINARY DIS COVERY for the Treatment and Self-Cure of Weakness, Debility, Nervousness, Lassitude, Depression of Spirits, Loss of Energy, Appetite, Pains in the Back and Limbs, Timidity, Self-Distrust. Dizziness, Want of Energy, Love of Solitude, Groundless Fears, Palpitation of the Heart, Noises in the Head and Ears, Indecision, Wretchedness, Impaired Sight end Memory, Indigestion, and Bodily Prostration of the whole system. Also, HINTS TO THOSE CONTEMPLATING MARRIAGE. In order that all classes may avail themselves of the above, the Author has not and will not allow the same to be sold, but he will forward it to those who send their address, and two stamps for postalre. A ddress,thus---I , 7at. Hitt, Esq., M.A., No. 27, Alfred-place, Bedford-square, London. 3. GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR THE PANTHEON. El m CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo thecaries' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as above, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity, Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements of both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive indul gences. Has Just published, price Is. ; by post, 13 stamps,: 18 sealed, No. 4, An entire new and original Work, entitled OURSELVES. Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation --The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. Also, an Exposition of, and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange ments and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Blennorrhagla {Gonorrhoea), Spermatorrhcea, 'lmp3tency, and all Diseases of the Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, dro.l FEMALE. The Physiology and Anatomy of Women— Functional Ir reg,ularities in Health arid Sickness—Choice in Marriage— Their Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and R-emoval of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of Gesta tian—Use of the Speculum. and the securing of Healthy Offspring. Also, No. I. HEALTH, TIAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY; On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion. No. 2. LOVE AND MARRIAGE : Their Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments ; Love and other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off spring secured. No. 3. THE CASE BOOK : 100 Cases of SPERMATORRHCEA, Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessions and Cure by Cauterisations, Galvanism, Arc. Am Arc. To be had of Mann, 39, Coruhill ; and the Authors. Advice to the Working Classes. fee Half-a-Guinea. Send a penny stamp and you will receive, po s t f ree , T HE INVALID'S OWN GUIDE ; or, " NATUAAL RESTORER of PERFECT HEALTH," without Medicine, by a simple, pleasant, economical, and unfailing* means, which saves fifty times its cost in other.remedies, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, refreshing sleep, and functional regularity to the most enfeebled, and removing effectually in diges ion (dyspepsia), debility, nervousness, cough, asthma, incipient consumption, dropsy, constipation, flatulency, diar rhoea, dysentery, biliousness, fevers sore throats, catarrhs, colds, noises in the ears, rh euma ti sm , gou t , impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn headache, despondency, cramps, spasms, nausea, and sickness, sinking fits, bronchi tis. also Children's nomplaints.—s,.N. Barry, _77,;:Regent street Lontiaq, MEDICAL ADVICE. nR. LA'MERT, Regist ere d L . S .A., Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, M.D. .1 the University pf Erlangen, &c., m a y b e CONSULTED on all cases of Debility, Nervousness, and en th e S ecret In tirmities of Youth and Maturity, from Eleven till Two, and from Six till Eight, at his residence, 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON Dr. LaTert has just published, price Sixpence, with nu merous Engraving and Cases, a New Edition of his Work, SELF-PRESERVATION, w hich will be sent free, in a sealed envelope, by I%fann, 3l Cornhill, London, or by the Author. for Eight stamps. CONTENTS. SECTION L—The Physiology of the Generative Organs. SECTION I 1 - -Manhood —The Morale of Genera lye Physiology—True and False Morality. SECTION lll.—Marriage in its Moral, Social, and Physical ltelations- 7 -Its Expectancies and Disappointments—Advan tages of Physical Contrasts in securing Healthy Offspring. SECTION IV.—Spermatorrlicea and Impotence—The causes of Sterility iw both Sexes—Self-inflicted Miseries. SECTION V. -The Vices of Schools—Effects of certain per nicious habits on the mental and general faculties. SECTION Vl.—Treatment of Nervous and Generative De bility—lmpotence and Sterility—Dangerous Results of various Hazardous Specifics—The Author's Principles of Treatment ; Medical, Dietetic, and General, derived from Twenty Years' successful practioell - - - The above work is intended for the perusal of those who have in early lite been induced to swerve from the strict rules of morality. In its pages facts of paramount utility are brought together, wholly divested of tne delusions sad incon sistencies so largely introduced into eertain quasi medical publications given to the world gratis, under the guise of philanthropy, or as acts of gratitude," by pretended clergy men aid others, whose tampering-8 with the constitution sre frequently followed by serious consequences, : _ ..•• • ' 1 , : - - • ._,- - •• , . _ :, ::‘,4::, _ .,.. 7 1....,a1.,......_acte, ', : . '7 . .. ,,, .. 1 . ; ~,..,, , .., :i.. - _._..,..,J,,H.,‘.,...i.1R. OiT . t i *. fi : 4 ::, :...- 31 . ~ .. 1 / 41 ,.......• . .. . - '',. ' ~, 1 2?. 4, : Cr, _4240 1 % . . ,•'••.' .. 1 , ;., - :, .• . 1 . 1 \'' • - l'Qek. / i"..:- 1* :• . ~ P:::Z: , - ,,-, -"' - ,..4 :' , ' -_, • 4 ~ -;:''±'-e " '''' 4 'k., l -- ,..7 Ll ' ~ - ,:- ' :i c ' --4 ) 7:41 ' , ; ' , r , r 4 1 , 4- - -'- ,—. . - ~; - . f •< l7 - ---7, „ 4 'i->, , , i t'a m ,,,.- 4- 4 - 7 7 . , • .'") - ,• ''''"---,,, -(4.1ja,•-7"': -<; i1(4;;.,,,-.4: - t - ,'l,•''. • 4 --,/ ~, . ' 0 . 0- -: '''mi 1 : •- - - ---- • , - . • . _ - A i OPI' 4'l 1" ' ' ,.. 1. 1 ~..., i, , r , ...,:. . % .., . ' t , 3, ' . 4 v, z....,.. ? .. .1 :t. ~,b: z ~~ ~ ~. s~~. PRICE 4 D . STAMPED, sp. pithy with this unlawful occupation. Far other motives have influenced their course. The question if suppression, under existing circumstances, pre sents, as I have already said, serious practical dif ficulties arising, outout of dangers to the freedom of the -eas, and out of the extraordinary exertions of en terprising men well acquainted with the business, and which are called into action by the enormous profits which a successful adventure is sure to bring. The British Government has been informed that this Government entertains serious doubts of the effi ciency of the African squadrons which are employed in the suppression of the slave trade in accomplish ing this work. They cannot close the long line of coast where it is most active, and the success which has attended these efforts of prevention bears a very unequal proportion to the expenditure of life and treasure they have cost. But the President is unwilling, notwithstanding these doubts, to with hold t he cooperation of the United States from this work of repression, and the serious appeal of the itish Government is entitled to respectful atten tion. The President is prepared to adopt all pro per measures within the sphere of his constitutional authority to prevent American vessels or citizens from being engaged in the slave trade. But, while giving this assurance, I am also instructed by the Presi lent to express the confident hope that the British Government may be able to secure at an early day the complete fulfilment of its treaty stipulations on this subject with the Government of Spain. I cannot doubt that such a fulfilment would go very far towards accomplishing the pur pose which both nations have in view r of closing the traffic in African slaves. There are measures, too, which the British Go vernment can adopt in Africa, and which, it is be lieved, will materially contribute towards the accomplishment of the object. In my letter to Lord Napier, of April 10, 1858,1 made the sugges tion, and subsequent information has confirmed the opinion then expressed. In the hope that it may meet the attention of Lord Malmesbury, and may lead to a favourable consideration of the proposition, I transfer to this letter what I then said upon this subject : " But other means have been suggested by per sons Intimately acquainted with the slave coast, and who have watched the slave trade operations, and which offer encouraging prospects of success if adopted. These suggestions relate to the extension of the free colonial establishments in that region, so as to create barriers at the most exposed points, and also to the construction of small military posts or block-houses, garrisoned from the acclimated popu lation, at or near the places to which the course of the trade has been directed, and where the means of interchange may be found." So far as respects the action of the United States, no additional legislation is deemed necessary. By the treaty of Ghent, in 1814, and by the Ash burton treaty of 1842, their condemnation of the slave trade is formally expressed, and its prosecu tion has been made a statutory offence, punishable with death. They have maintained upon the coast of Africa a larger force, it is believed, in proportion to the extent of their navy, than any other power, and this disparity will be still further increased as soon as the additional measures directed by the President are carried into effect. These measures look to the employment of armed steamers upon the African coast and in the Cuban waters, a de scription of forts far better adapted than sailing vessels to the pursuit and capture of the rapid craft which carry on this trade. The number of vessels which may be detached upon this duty will depend upon the state of the public service, but it is hoped that two at least may be ordered to Africa and three or more to Cuba. The Ashburton treaty requires that each of the powers parties to it shall maintain a squadron upon the coast of Africa carrying at least 80 guns ; but if, by mutual consent, the number of guns were reduced, and small steam vessels substi uted for sailing vessels, the service would be much more tilleiently performed, and the expense not in crease d. You are instructed to read this despatch to Lord Mahnesbury, and should he desire it you may leave a copy with him.—l am, sir, respectfully, your obe dient servant, LEWIS CASs. George M. Dallas, Esq., &c. GENERAL POST-()FFICE. Our remarks upon the state of the General Post office have already produced an official inquiry into ' the condition of that establishment. The Postmas ter-General has appointed a " Commission" to inves tigate " the working of the Circulation Department," and the Commissioners hive notified to the officers of that department that they are ready to receive from them any suggestions in writing, or any delegates who may be deputed by any class or sec tion for the purpose of direct conference. So far, SO good. The Commission can hardly fail of hearing a certain amount of troth, but wo beg to say that au inquiry thus instituted and thus conducted will certainly not satisfy the desires of the public or the real exigencies of the case. To begin with, we are not so much as informed even of the names of the Commissioners. We only know that they are the nominees of the Post-office authorities—of the Postmaster-General or some of his colleagues—it may be of Sir Rowland Hill him self. Nobody could accept as satisfactory the report of such a Commission. We dare say the Commis sioners may be upright and intelligent men, but, if anything like finality is to attend their proceedings, distrust will attach to them from the very outset. Establishments are not to be judged of by them selves. When such institutions are thought to require reform they are scrutinised from without. The Commissioners charged with the inquiry receive their appointments and their instructions from superior and independent authority, and conduct their duties in a public uncompromising spirit. We cannot, of course, assume that the Postmaster-Gene ral's Commission may not be composed of competent sr impartial members, but we see very distinctly that it cannot command public confidence. It is appointed by the chief officers of the very department suspected of inefficiency ; it will shape its proceed ings according to directions given by the same authorities; to the same authorities it will make its report, and the whole matter will begin and end within the walls of the establishment. This is not the kind of inquiry now needed. If the Post master-General chooses to institute this preliminary scrutiny for his own private information, well and good ; but the questions which have been publicly raised can only be settled by a more public and in dependent tribunal. We must next observo that the scope of the in quiry as now stated is by no means so comprehen sive as it should be. Our report charged the Post office with general insufficiency when judged by the needs of the day, and alleged that this insuffici ency was due to the double effect of a parsimonious ex pen diture—viz., defective accommodation and underpaid service. As a consequence of thepressure thus produced, we showed that the department was under constant temptation to shirk or neglect its duties, and in particular that newspapers had been gradually deprived of the advantages of the pest, until at last they were threatened with the total loss of their ancient character and privileges. Now it is perfectly obvious that these imputations can not be met by the mere receipt of evidence on " the relative positions and duties" of certain Post-office servants. Such evidence, however fearlessly gi ven , or however impartially recorded, can at best but en lighten the authorities on the discontents prevailing among the officers in their employ. Thperieenitsyptloenbtye , to an b d e done besides. but learntthere itsh alsoat d i r in e c u t e i o h n f dt r oo n i e lle)e i ; iublic has its own concern in the matter, as well as the staff of the establishment. The Post officeservants want a reconsideration of their duties and their salaries ; the public is calling for such an a iministration of the Post-office as shall make it the best, cheapest, most convenient, and most available medium for the diffusion of intelligence. The Com missioners just appointed may possibly do something towards satisfying the letter-carriers, but they will assuredly do nothing towards satisfying t he country. We must once more place this subject in its true light before the public, for the questions in volved are of a very singular character. The Post office is not charged with corruption, malversation, or waste. It is not even accused of mismanage ment in the ordinary sense of the term, for it would perhaps be impossible to give the public better service on the same principles or out of the penn y postage system has rend ere d t h e same means. What we say is, that the int ro d uc• lion of the accommodation at the command of the establish. ment utterly inefficient, and that the desire of sav i n g a large surplus for the national revenue has prevented such an employment of the resources of 'THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 9, 1860. .1111PRICAN DEBP,I7TIII ON THE SLA J/IE TRADE. The subjoined despatch, addressed by Secretary Cass to Mr. Dallas, the American Envoy at the Court of St. James's, is one of the documents called for by Mr. Sumner's recent resolution, and just submitted to the Senate : MR. CASS TO MR. DALLAS. Department of State, Washington, Feb. 23, 1859. Sir,--Your letters of Dec. 16 and 24 last past, and the note of Lord Malmesbury to you dated the 14th of the same month, and which was transmitted in your letter of the 14th, and also your acknow ledgment of the receipt of the letter, have been some time before the department ; but the difficulty of procuring the necessary information upon some of the subjects referred to has prevente&me from communicating to you the views of the Government at an earlier day. In your note to Lord Malmesbury, of December 19, you have done justice to the desire and the efforts of the United States for the abolition of the slave trade, and also to the regret which the abuse of the American flag for the purpose of that traffic has occasioned to the Government. The extent to which this reprehensible practice is carried 1 have not the means of ascertaining, nor how many of the vessels named in the list transmitted by Commodore Wise to the British Admiralty were actually engaged in the slave trade, or were bona fide American. As I remarked, heretofore, to Lord Napier, there is just ground to believe that nearly, if not quite all the vessels bearing the American flag and engaged in this trade, belong to foreigners; and Commodore , Wise, in his account of th e cap t ure of the Rufus Soule, discloses the measures which may sometimes be resorted to in order to enable a vessel to maintain a national character to which she has ceased to have any just claim. That officer also states that under the American " ensign " alone is the slave trade now conducted. It is difficult to reconcile this opinion with some of the facts he communicates, or, at any rate, with the charge that the flag of the United States is an im munity for the slave-trader, for he reports the capture of 33 vessels which either did not bear the American flag or were not protected by it from seizure; and of 23 other vessels which escaped capture it does not appear that more than 11 of them were ascertained to have sailed under the flag of this country. But, however this may be, the United States are not subject to censure under any circumstances, unless they are justly chargeable with neglect of duty in not adopting such measures as their posi tion fairly requires of them. But they fear no such accusation. They have made the slave trade a capital offence, and they assign no inconsiderable portion of their navy to the duty to its suppression. The great slave mart of the world is the island of Cuba, and if this were closed this traffic would at once be annihilated. The authority of Spain is firmly established in that island, and her military force there is quite sufficient to ensure the accom plishment of any measure of domestic policy decreed and seriously desired by the Spanish Government. It is known that Spain has, by a convention with Great Britain, and for a pecuniary consideration, placed herself under obligation to prevent the intro duction of slaves into her American possessions. If this stipulation were fulfilled, the desired object would be peaceably attained, and all those dange rous questions avoided which are sure to present themselves whenever the freedom of the seas is in terfered with, whatever motive may be assigned for their proceeding. The United States have en gaged by the Ashburton treaty " to unite with Great Britain in all becoming representations and remonstrances with anyand all powers within whose dominions such (slave) markets are allowed to exist, and that they will urge upon all such powers the propriety and duty of closing such markets effectu ally at once and for ever." Lord Napier inquired, a few . days since, whether this Government were now willing to give effect to this stipula tion by making the necessary represen tations and remonstrances to the Govern ment of Spaiu. I assured his lordship that there would be no hesitation in performing this duty whenever there may be reason to believe that the expression of their views by the United States would produce any favourable effect upon the action of the Spanish Government, but that the re lations of Spain and Great Britain, and especially the conventional stipulations between them, would give to the intervention of the latter much more probability of success than could be anticipated from the representation of the United States. In I fact, it is difficult to believe that, under existing circumstances, the Spanish Government would resist the firm remonstrances of the Government of Great Britain. I see no reason why the flag of the United States should be the only" ensign" of national sovereignty prostituted by slave dealers, and certainly; as I have already observed, there is 'none which can be justly urged as a reproach against this Government. The position taken by the United States respect ing the immunity of their vessels upon the ocean is precisely that assumed by France, and both nations equally deny the claim of visitation, and equally object to its exercise. A slave trade adventurer carrying the French colours is no more subject to examination by a British cruiser than if he hoisted the colours of the United States, and in neither case is it the assumption of the flag which confers the immunity, but the legal character of the vessel, agreeably to the principle stated in my letter to Lord Napier, of April 10, 1858, and which was laid down by Mr. Webster, by order of the President of the United States, in a letter to Mr. Everett, then Minister in London, dated March 28, 1843. Lord Malmesbury, while referring to the report of Commodore Wise, depicting the horrors of the slave trade, considers the circumstances of so fla grant a nature as to be " calculated to move the most prejudicial feelings in regard to the question of the right of visit, and to urge the most decided measures for the suppression of proceedings which must be held to be equivalent to the grossest acts of piracy." As to the suffering and loss of life referred to, they are everywhere known and condemned. The horrors of the passage can scarcely be described in more powerful language than has already been em ployed in making them known to the world. But the question of effectual representation presents grave practical difficulties, and in their considera tion it is not alone the nature of the traffic, but there are other important circumstances also which must be taken into view. • I do not understand precisely the bearing of the remark of Lord Malmesbury that these revolting cruelties are calculated to move the most prejudiced feelings in regard to the question of the right of visit, &e. There is no right of visit except, as Lord Stowell said, from the belligerent claim. The forcible visitation 'of vessels upon the ocean is prohibited by the law of nations in time of peace, and this exemption from foreign jurisdiction is now recognised by Great Britain, and, it is believed, by all other commercial powers. Even if the ex ercise of a right of visit were essential to the suppression of the slave trade, whether such a right should be conceded by one nation to its co-states of the world, is a question for its own consideration, in volving very serious consequences, but which is little likely to encounter any prejudiced feelings in favour of the slave trade in its solution, nor to be influenced by them. But there is just reason to believe that the value of a right of visitation, as a means of put ting an end to this traffic, has been greatly over rated. The objeet of such visitation is to ascertain the national character of a vessel. If found to be long to the same nation as the cruiser making the visit, and violating its laws, she may be seized. If belonging to another nation, she must be released, in whatever employment she may be engaged, unless, indeed, she may become a pirate, in which case she is liable to be captured by the naval force of any civilised power. If the United States main tained that by carrying their flag at her mast-head any vessel becomes thereby entitled to the immunity which belongs to American vessels, they might well be reproached with assuming a position which would go far towards shielding crimes upon the ocean from punishment. But they advance no such pretension, while they concede that if, in the honest examina tion of a vessel sailing under American colours, but accompanied by strongly marked suspicious circum stances, a mistake is made, and she is found to be entitled to the flag she bears, but no injury is com mitted, and the conduct of the boarding party is irreproachable, no government would be likely to make a case thus exceptional in its character a sub ject of serious reclamation. The security against the abuse of any such power is to be found in the responsibility of the nation whose naval force commits an unlaw ful act, and in the right of the injured party to adopt such measures of redress as it may consider due to the nature of the injury. But, to reverse the relation of the parties, and to confer upon the ag gressor the right to decide when he may exercise this armed and summary jurisdiction, is improvi dently to prostrate one of the barriers of national defence wisely constructed by the public law of the world. Whatever guards might be provided by conventional stipulations against - the arbitrary exercise of such an authority, from its very nature, and the circumstances attending its exercise, strength and weakness being brought into contact, and upon every part of the ocean, " these detentions," in the words of Mr. Webster, " necessarily lead to serious inconvenience and injury." " Besides the pecuniary loss they occasion," he adds with truth, " they too frequently irritate individuals, cause warm blood, and produce nothing but ill effects on the amicable relations existing between the countries." This Government chooses to reserve the power of judg ment to itself, disposed at the same time to deal fairly with such mistakes as may honestly occur, but not disposed to convert trespasses into legal acts by previous conventional arrangements. Lord Malmesbury expresses the conviction of the British Government that, equally with themselves, the Government of the United States will view with horror the prostitution of the American flag to the purposes of the slave trade. The admission is but an act of justice, though certainly there is nothing in the principles or position we have main tained which called for its formal communication. This country was the first among the nations of the world to make the prosecution of the slave trade by its citizens a capital offence, and their re pugnance to it has ever since been constant, and constantly avowed. Certainly the Government, though it is satisfied that the extent to which the employment of bone fine American vessels in this trade has been carried has been greatly overrated, has seen the abuse of its flag with as much aversion as this crime has inspired in Great Britain, and it is well persuaded that the British Government has viewed with as much aversion as the Government of this country the similar abuse which is hereto fore taken place of the British flag. Both of these nations—all civilised nations indeed —are under serious obligations to provide for the suppression of crimes within their jurisdiction, whether upon the land or the water. But even the sternest legis lation and the most vigorous administration cannot always prevent the commission of crimes, nor in sure their punishment, and a nation fully meets its responsibility when it fairly adapts its measures to the circumstances in which it is placed, and of these it must necessarily be the judge. Lord Malmesbury assures you that the British Government believe " that the Government of the United States will be prepared to vindicate the honour of its flag by repudiating acts calculated to lower it in the estimation of civilised nations, and by taking effectual steps to prevent its being abused by traffickers in human flesh." His lordship will not find himself in error in the expectation that all the duties of the United States connected with this grave subject will be fulfilled, nor in the hope he expresses that the spirit of his communication will not be misunder stood. But, while giving these assurances, it is due to the earnest representation he addresses on the part of his Government to the Government of the United States to assure him also that there is nothing, either in the course of this Government nor in the abuse of its flag, which calls for this em phatic reference to its duties, and this expression of the hope that these will be performed. There are high moral considerations which have induced the United States to prohibit their citizens from engaging in this employment. Violations of their laws upon this subject no doubt occasionally take place, as violations of the criminal laws of all countries occur from time to time. I presume it will not be denied that this is a misfortune to which Great Britain is also sometimes exposed both upon land and water. But the vindication of her honour requires no act of repudiation on her part when such breaches of her laws take place. Nor does the abuse of the flag of the United States for the unworthy purpose make this Government re sponsible, unless indeed it fails to perform its proper duties. This it has not done. It has repu diated these acts in the most solemn manner, by declaring them criminal and punishable with death, and it has not the least apprehension that its honour will suffer in the estimation of civilised nations in consequence of the unlawful prosecution of the slave trade by its citizens or by foreigners seeking the protection of its flag. The measures of repression which it has adopted, and which it is prepared to render still more efficient, offer satis factory proof of its sincerity to all who are disposed to regard its position in a sprit of justice. And if it decline to confer upon another nation the police over its vessels upon the ocean, it is from no sympathy with this commerce, nor from any desire that its citizens should pursue it, but from its con viction that the freedom of the seas is essential to the best interests of the world, and that its main such concession. the Government A te h n d an l ce ha i v s e i i n .e c a o s m on pa t t o ib b l e e li s e v v it e h th an at y of France, in its general views of this subject, agrees substantially with the Government of the United States. With a view to stimulate the action of this Go vernment, Lord 'Alalmesbury observes that " the United States have maintained that they are able and determined to preserve the police of the seas in so far as the American flag is concerned, and that, by the treaty of August 9, 1812, with Great Britain, they have engaged to maintain a force on the coast of Africa to control proceedings such as those which form the subject of this note." I do not know to what particular declaration, made on the part of this country, regarding the police of its vessels upon the ocean, Lord Malmes bury refers in the above quotation. But I have no hestitation in admitting that it expresses the views of the United States, and it is presumed that it ex presses also the views of all other commercial powers. By the law of nations every independent state possesses the exclusive right of police over all per sons within its jurisdiction, whether upon its soil or in its vessels upon the ocean. And this national prerogative can only be interfered with in cases where acts of piracy are committed, which, by the public law of the world, are cognisable by any power seizing the vessel thus, excluded from the common rights of the ocean. Lord Malmesburv, indeed, re marks that these slave trade proceedings " must be held to be equivalent to the grossest acts of piracy." But reprehsnsiblo as is that traffic it is not piracy, nor is it equivalent to piracy in any of the legal consequences which result from it. It is an offence created by national not by international law, and is punishable only by the country to which the offenders are responsible. The United State have, indeed, by statutory provision, declared it piracy, but that is a domestic regulation, merely adopted for the purposes of its own criminal jus tice, but which gives no jurisdiction to any foreign power. The police over their own vessels being a right inherent in all independent States, each of them is responsible to the public opinion of the world for its faithful preservation, as it is responsible for the execution of any other duty. The measures it will adopt must depend upon its own judgment; and whether these are efficient or inefficient, no other nation has a right of interference. And the same principles are applicable to territorial jarisdiction. Good laws it is the duty of every Government to provide, and also to make suitable provisions for their just administration. But because offenders sometimes escape, nations are not therefore dis posed to admit any participation in the execution of these laws, even though such a measure might insure their more faithful execution. Com modore Wise looks to a convenient arrange-- ment between Great Britain and the United States, by which British cruisers may be per mitted to capture American vessels, with a view to their surrender to the American naval forces, as the most effectual means of sup pressing the slave trade. I believe the object may be certainly attained without the adoption of this professional suggestion. If not, I should have no hope of its accomplishment. The surrender of a right of police over its vessels to the armed cruisers of a great maritime power is a measure which this country would sternly reject under all circumstances even at the hazard of being accused of refusing to co-operate in the effort to annihilate this employ ment. Such a system of foreign interference might indeed, sometimes be usefully exercised upon the ocean in the detection and punishment of crime, but the additional security thus gained would be dearly purchased by the sacrifice of an important element of national independence ; and in its prac tical operation an immense navy could exercise no such authority over the commercial marine of other powers without the commission of aggressions which could not fail to lead to dangerous consequences. Nor would such a proposition be rendered more acceptable by the suggestion made by Commodore Wise, that the transatlantic slave-dealers will make vigorous efforts during the coming season, and "if they extend their enterprise to the Bights of Benin and Biafra, farewell to the remunerative and rapidly increasing trade which is now carried on on that coast." Whether the object be commercial or phi lanthropic, the United States would still be opposed to the exercise of a foreign jurisdiction over their vessels. The report of Commodore Wise, which contains this expression of apprehension, contains also va rious statements respecting the operations upon the coast of Africa ; but the information in the possession of this department is not sufficient to enable me to form a judgment of their correct ness. In some important particulars they are at variance with the reports received from officers of our African squadron, and I shall therefore request the Secretary of the Navy to furnish me with copies of so much of them as relate to these point-, and shall transmit them to you that you may invite the attention of the Earl of Malmesbury to the subject, with a view to the adoption of such measures as will remove all fear of difficulties hereafter. There is one statement, however, of Commodore Wise, which calls for immediate consideration. That officer says that " last year slaves were (in the ma jority of cases) captured through their captains foregoing the protection of the American flag, but now American slavers are arriving and sailing with almost as much impunity as if they were engaged in legal traffic." That vessels employed in this traffic too often escape there can be no doubt, but that they pursue it with as little risk as is here in dicated is an obvious error. Such a denunciation is irreconcileable with the presence of a squadron of repression upon the coast, unless indeed its duties are flagrantly neglected, and its officers regardless of what they owe to themselves and their country. It would be a work of supererogation to defend them from such an accusation. Their best defence is to be found in the glory of that navy which they have so success fully laboured to build up, and in the high estima tion in which they are held by their countrymen. As to the charge of " foregoing the protection of the American flag," I presume Commodore Wise refers to the practice of which I complained in my letter to Lord Napier of April 10, 1858, by which the masters of vessels furnished with American papers were induced by the representations of British boarding officers to throw their papers over board. Why they should do so without being influenced by threats, or by the hope of escaping impending punishment, it is difficult, impossible indeed, to conceive. If a vessel has regular Ameri can papers, she is beyond the reach of a British cruiser, which, in the language of Commodore Wise, " has no legal right to molest them (her) in any way." What advantage, then, does she gain by the loss of her papers, whose destruction at once subjects her to capture and to the disposition of the British naval authorities ? If taken by an American cruiser the persons found on board such vessel engaged in the slave trade are liable to the punish ment of death, while if they voluntarily subjected themselves, by the destruction of their papers, to be arrested by the British naval forces, it is under stood to have been the practice to land them upon the nearest part of the coast, where they were left free, while the captors were entitled to prize money for the vessel and her living cargo. The nature of the inducement held out for this surrender, heretofore referred to in my letter to Lord Napier of April last, is indicated by the answer of Commodore Wise to the inquiry of Lieut. Davidson, of the American navy, who had asked the Commodore whether, in the event of his meeting an American slaver, under American colours, and bearing genuine payers, he would use means to induce the cap tain to throw his colours and papers overboard. To which he replied, " Well, I might strain a point, and tell the captain the Dale was just at hand." The Dale is an American vessel of war, and capture by her would subject the offenders to the extreme punishment provided by the laws of the United States. By such proceedings, it is not American protection which is foregone, to use the expression of Commodore Wise, but American justice which is defeated. Commodore Wise seems to be under the impression that this reprehensible practice is now abandoned. The information received from our American squadron justifies a different conclusion ; and, in deed, the circumstances attending the capture of the Rufus Soule in October last, as reported to the Navy Department, lead to the opinion that some such means are yet resorted to, and with th© same protection of the criminals against punishment ; for the crew of that vessel were landed upon that coast and suffered to depart. The facts connected with the capture and burn ing of the vessel are very differently represented by the American 'and British officers. The proceedings were attended with circumstances so very repre hensible, if nit clearly justified by the situation of the vessel, that I desire, when the reports from the Navy Department reach you, that you request an immediate investigation of the transaction, and the adoption of such measures of redress and prevention as the state of the case may call for. The tenor of some of the remarks in the despatch of Lord Malmesbury rendered it proper to advert somewhat in detail to the views he has presented. That course became necessary in order to redeem the United States from any misapprehension under which his lordship might labour; that their indisposition to admit any other nation to a participation in the jurisdiction either preventive or punitive, over their commerce or navigation, originated in any syra- ~' NEIVSPAPEI% • vex% 1 4 ," 443 &part - a - Joni liaVO 150 1;::1 '40 • . sagam. The natural result of such Vsoisit s oti ti •"si s 4)A . `7 - "scamped" wo r k mans hi p. The Post-ofric e ,-,4 - '4"-'; - •-• - of welcomin g any new d emands upon its -Nevi as a national establishment ought to do, evades it;- duties and curtails its work. Some of its proper business it shifts on to the shoulders of its ens tomers ; sonic it altogether refuses. News-letters, or newspapers, have suffered most of all. For seine years past there has been a steady desire on the part of the Post-office authorities to shut us out of the letter-box. The question of the newspaper stamp was worked by these gentlemen to the geesral disadvantage of newspapers altogether. Evers' f arrangement brought us some fresh disability, till at last comes the naked proposal to deny us any special recognition, and to treat our daily issues just like carriers' parcels or ordinary books. Si r Rowland. Ifill will say that we hare so grown in bulk and circulation that we can no longer be iden tified as our former selves. No doubt we have, and so has every other thing and institution in modern England, except the Post-office. It is the very gist of our complaint that, whereas the extensi n of national concerns and interests has brought about the necessary expansion of newspapers as the natural organs of public correspondence, the Post ! office, which should carry this correspondence, has remained so stationary, from sti n t an d sav i ng , as to be n o l onger equal to its duties. Such a case as this is obviously not to be , disposed o f b y a private Cornmi:si:m. We ask, in the nam e o f the ita.uble 'That fo is r the e Parliamentary n, inquiry int o the subject, which will satisfy the country. We wish to see it certified in plain language and on independent authority how far the partial expenditure of the Post•office revenue upon the Post-office service is sufficient for the performance of that service. We wish to hear from unimpeachable testimony what are the defects of the accommodation in St. Mar tin's-le-Grand, and what amount of reason really attaches to the complaints of the servants. When we have obtained this information we shall be able to trace the imperfections of the service to their true source. The reality of those imperfections is matter of common and daily experience. Apart from the treatment of newspapers, the irregularities of the service in general are greater and more nu merous than they should be, as the letters in our columns frequently show. All this we should like to see rectified. It cannot be for the public interest that revenue should be raised by imperfect per formance of public service. That is one of the worst methods of taxation. If the Post-office re quires more of its income for its own purpose than it now appropriates, it should be allowed to take it. The deficiency in the contribution to the re venue, if any, would be well made up from a less noxious source of profit; hut we are perfectly con vinced that in the Post-office, as in all other esta blishments, better service will be found ultimately identical with greater gain. ,-."'''' TilE FRENCh TREATY. There is a well-known — Joe Miller which occa sionally finds a resemblance in serious action. A traveller at a cross-road was relieved to see a mem ber of the Society of Friends approaching. " This is the way to York, isn't it ?" he asked. To which the other replied, " Friend, first thou tellest a lie, and then thou askest a question." This has been the course of proceeding adopted on the so-called commercial treaty. The treaty was concluded on Jan. 23, in a most despotic manner, nobody e ven knowing anythi ng a b ou t i t except the high contract ing parties • and on March 24—two months after— the Board of Trade is sending letters to the various Chambers of Commerce throughout the kingdom, not only asking questions, but even sugge s ti ng that the several chamb ers hall send delegates to Paris to negotiate the very clauses of the treaty which were supposed to have been negotiated two months ago. For our own part, we must confess ourselves utterly mystified. As we were never in the secret of the treaty, so we are not aware, even to this day, how the matter stands, and whether there be any treaty at all, except that England has surrendered all ehe had to give. Our sensations are those of a garrison which has been informed that a capitulation has been concluded on most advantageous and honourable terms, but sees itself let out by detachments and committed to bondage. We want to k now w h en t h e other side of the treaty is to appear, and what it is. We are all now such out-and-out Free-traders that we should have been quite ready to give up every duty we have taken off, in pure generosity, without stipulating for a return. That would at least have been a grand idea, and we might have shamed the French, if shame has not departed from them, into something like reciprocity. But wo were not per mitted to be generous. There must be a considera tion. We must be barterers and hucksters, and, for certain State reasons, we must appear what Napoleon called us—a nation of shopkeepers. That indeed was a libel, and if ever on the face of the earth there was a people that did everything across a counter, and brought everything, human and divine, to the measure of a franc, it is our specious neighbour and ally. But we were to belie our real character and to put on a disguise, for the purpose of bringing ourselves down to the level of French institutions and the French character. Well, we did. We put on blouses mid beards, we cropped our hair close, and we looked as like Frenchmen as we could. For form's sake, and to gratify the Em peror and his Court, we pretended to sell what we were giving. What we gave has now pretty well passed out of our hands. As far as it is concerned, we are in the case of the countryman who has sold his horse, and lost both it and the purchaser for an hour, still expecting the latter to return and pay. When are we to have that handful of country notes, however dirty and greasy ? The only imitation as yet of the purely nominal price, which was all that we expected from France, is a set of questions cir culated by our Board of Trade, intimating that if people expect to get any concessions from France, in return for an almost absolute surrender of all our equivalents, they had better go to Paris and try to get them for themselves. The treaty being thus more than two months old, and matters being ripe for pre liminary inquiry,the Board of Trade wants to know what are the articles upon which a reduction of duty below a maximum of 30 per cent.would be specially ac ceptable,and whether our manufacturers would prefer the duties to be ad valorem, or the ad valorem rate to be assumed as the basis of specific duties, and what have been the average price of articles for the last six years. The answers returned by the Bir mingham Chamber, which we published yesterday, do net speak favourably for the feelings of that town on the subject. For half-m anu f actured articles, such as metal sheeting and t u bi ng, they recommend duties to be charged by weight. M anu f actured articles, commonly included under the title of a g therefore value m p b o e s g s b v l e e n . , A d " hardware," ar e so var i ous, they say, that no ave andaustcyaloefo3fosppeecri fi ce c n d t u „ ti o e r s is specific duties at this rate, they consider fatal to all hopes of trade with France, and they appeal to the state of our trade with Belgium, which at a much lower tariff takes very little of our hardware. As for the proposal of deputies, they are of opinion that, as the branches of trade are infinite, and nothing will be done in France in any of them under the treaty, such a mission would be nugatory. The people of Birmingham, therefore, it is evident, expect to get nothing under the treaty, but cheap wine, brandy, and silks, for themselves and their wives, if their trade with other countries will en able them to purchase such luxuries. The treaty they consider to be more finally and irrevocably concluded than its authors and framers supposed, and think that the new swarm of small negotiators invited to assist at the details would find the crumbs left for them very few, small, and dry. Indeed, we don't sea what other conclusion is possible. We have done a good thing in lowering our own duties if it turns out that we can do without them; but as for any return of this civility from France that is a delusion, and th e sooner our man f a cturers open their eye s t o t h e fact the better f or t h e i r own comfort at least. it is in vain to ask whether this is the sort of treaty that Mr. Cobden i thought h e was ma ki ng , because the treaty our manufacture r s find themselves asked to make s not yet mad e , i n th e o pi n ion of Government ; and t the treaty thems e l ves . The wonder increases why treaty yet to be made, and done only in the general, was not made at once and outright, by regular dip lomatists, of whom England poss esses and main and where are all these men, tains a legion. What that we should have had recourse to others utterly unversed in the ways of diplomacy, and evidently the middle,n t a atnoddistinguisho f b e a t we r e e e a n t y t , h a e n b d e gNivnhnoi n d g o , not even know a treaty when they see it? Mr. Cobden are that the s Su pposed himself making a t reaty when he was ue f d ac t t o i go s too t o plain, paris s urrendering all that should h ave formed our side o ßr f i t t l i i s e h bargain;and, no manufacturers re requested and mend matters if they can. So far the profes sional diplo aiatists have a triumph, for Lord Cowley probably considered himself superseded by the arrival of an ambassador extraordinary in the great apostle of free trade. The officials are not the only people who exhaust their art in knowing how not ' to do a thing ; for, if the object was to give a fresh opening to British manufactures by the increase of a direct trade with France, that has not been done. `When Parliament re-assembles it would be desir able that we should hear, on authority, what is the state of this " Treaty," and how far France is bowie, for the French will certainly not give us one per cent. or one sou more than they are obliged by the letter of their bond, and it is a new principle that our manufacturers are to address themselves for relief, not to their own, but to a foreign Govern ment.—.Timm Of,r, Of ChP " Th* i Idle hri s lau - ' vier' ;liter 'ha s ' First lIM