The Sun. — London, England, 1859-05-09 00:00:00

p OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. .1.4,1 Under the Management of Mr. Charles Keanl THIS EVENING will be presented Shakspeare'slist orical play of KING HENRY V. King Henry V., Mr. C. Kean ; Chorus, Mrs. C. Kean. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING will be performed the new and original Comedy, =titled THE WORLD AIsTD THE STAGE. The Characters by Messrs. Compton, Buckstone, Howe, W. Far ten, Rogers; Miss Amy Sedg,wick, &c. After which, a new Classical Extravaganza, entitled ZLECTRA IN A NEW ELECTR'IC LIGHT. Messrs. Compton. Braid, Clark, Mrs. Wilkins, Misses Fanny Wright, Weekes, and Louisa Leclercq. And 'TWAS I. Commence at 7. NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. r THIS EIr'ENING the performances will commence with ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Chas. Selby, ; Misses Keeley, Arden, and Laidlaw, and Mrs. Billing,ton. After which, THE DEVIL ON TWO STICKS. Mr. J. Toole, P. Bedford, Misses Woolgar, Keeley, Arden, and Kate Kelly. MASKS AND FACES; Triplet, Mr. B. Webster ; Quill !tr. P. Bedford ; Sir Charles, Mr. C Selby ; Ernest, Mr. ; Peg Woffiington, Miss Woolgar ; Mabel, Miss H. Simms. Acting "Tanager—Mr. Wm. Smith. Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven. Box Office open from 10 to 5- no charge for booking. No fees to servants permitted. A registry kept of all articles found. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough THIS EVENING will be produced a new Comedietta, by J. M. Morton, Esq., entitled WHICH OF TIIE TWO ? supported by the company. After which, THE MAID AND THE MAGPIE. To conclude with VANDYKE BROWN. Mr. J. Clark. Commence at 7o'clock. ASTLEY'S RWOestmiYALnster-road AMPHITHEATRE, Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke. Continued Success of INA Ni NH ht OE.—Overflowing Houses gly. THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with new grand spectacle, founded on Sir Walter Scott's popular work, entitled IVANHOE ; Cr, The Lists of Ashby, intro ducing among the vast resources of this great Hippodramatic Temple,Tournaments, Processions, Banners, Combats, Tilts, Victories, and Achievemerts in extraordinary magnificence. Ivanhoe, Mr. R. Phillips ; Isaac of York, Mr. Jas. Holloway; Richard of England, Mr. Herbert ; Robin Hood, Mr. Wm. Cooke, jun. ; Rebecca, Miss Bathurst ; Lady Rowena, Miss Dowton. After which, the matchless and unrivalled SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. John Henry Cooke, the greatest equestrian in the world : together with Miss Emily Cooke, Madame Blanche, Madame Bridges, Madlle. Fleurette, and Madame Francisco, being the greatest amount of female equestrian talent ever seen in one night in any theatre. Grotesques—Messrs. Hemming and Tborne. ITo conclude with the Farce of RAISING THE WIND. ;Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, 25.; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, Is.; Upper Gallery, 6d. Private Boxes, £4 4s. £2 2s, and is. Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips CANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY, V'Testminster-road.—Open at Seven., EVERY EVENING during the week will appear THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY, -- - - eonslsting of three Juvenile Violinists, viz., Jules, Juliette, and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and EIGHT years. The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios ever written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France and Belgium. They will perform EVERY EVENING, at NINE and ELEVEN o'clock, in addition to the usual Entertainments. THE WEATHER.—Sux OFFICE, MAY 8. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 69—highest since noon yesterday. 56—lowest this morning and during the night. 61—this day at noon. BAItomETDR--30.17. WIND, Northerly ; light, with fine weather. It rained heavily in the night. MAY 9. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 64—highest since noon yesterday. DO—lowest this morning and during the night. 61—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.27. WIND, South-easterly; rather fresh, with very fine weather. The Austrians are still hanging fire. They have lost the chance of inflicting severe injury on Sardinia. And in place of pressing forward rapidly to Turin, have contented themselves with levying pecuniary contributions on the inhabitants of the districts they have occupied. It is difficult to understand the motives for the course they have pursued. Had they not decided on immediate action it was a great mistake to appear in the character of aggressors, disturbing the peace of Europe, and affording a pretext to Louis NAPOLEON for the proceedings that he so long contemplated, and is now carrying into execution. There would have been sufficient reason for such conduct if they advanced by forced marches on the capital, and were thus enabled to damage materially their most hated opponents, and obtain considerable plunder. As it is they have procrastinated when activity was of vital impor tance, and have lost much valuable time which can never be recalled. Their present movements, or at least the last of which we have any authentic accounts, are alto gether of a retrograde character. They have fallen back from Trino on Vercelli, and have not only refrained from sending additional troops across the Po, but have brought back those who had already passed the river, and even permitted the stores which had been taken over, to fall into the hands of the enemy. There has been, in fact, a total want of the vigour which had been anticipated, and it is more than probable that the Austrians will adopt a purely defensive, in place of an aggressive policy. The plains of Marengo bring back inauspicious omens to every Austrian mind, and we fancy that the invaders will not be desirous of having a second defeat associated with the same locality. General GYULAI is also fortifying the line of the Sesia, while General DE LA lklAnmona is adopting a similar precaution on the Dora. Each party appears anxious to wait for the first blow. We can easily understand this feeling on the part of the Sardinians, inasmuch as every day brings them additional auxiliaries and greater power. But it certainly seems strange that the Austrians should play the game of their opponents, or, if intending to fall back on Pavia:and Piacenza, that they should have taken the initiative and thus brought against themselves the public opinion of Europe and more especially of England and, Prussia, who might be enabled to render importext assistance in the event of serious diffieultie4 oc curring. There certainly is an Austrian division which crossed by Lago Maggiore, of which w e h ave as yet had no authentic intelligence, and whi c h may mean mischief. It is, however , difficult to conce i ve that if the last-mentioned division. was about to assume the offensive, that their fellow-soldiers should have fallen back and intrenched themselve s in a position where they could render but little, if any, aid to their comrades. The weather has been a formidable opponent to the Austrians. The rivers have been swollen, the fields turned into swamps, from the heavy falls of rains. The procrastination exhibited in the first instance has occasioned greater mischief than could have been anticipated ; and now that eighty thou sand French troops are in Piedmont, in addition to its own army, there must be a decisive battle or a retreat and there is no possible chance of a decisive coup in the first instance. To-morrow Louis NAPOLEON, glowing for mili tary distinction, sets out from Paris to take com mand of the army of Italy. That simple fact sufficiently proves that he has, or believes he has, already a sufficient force in Piedmont to meet the Austrian attack. Anything approaching to a defeat would be ruinous to himself and the dynasty he wishes to found. He wants fame and glory to consolidate his empire. It is no longer one of peace but of conquest. Failure would be destructive to kik prospects, and he will take the best possible care to avoid any reasonable chance thereof. He is by far too cunning to com promise his position with the people. His object is to appear as a victorious general, and if there were much doubt on the point, he would allow com manders of inferior rank, who will now act as his advisers or dry nurses, to incur the disgrace and odium of the failure. It is our duty, at all events, and under any cir cumstances, to keep out of the scrape, and to pre serve a strict although an armed neutrality. The task will be an arduous one. Matters may arise to render it impossible, but English blood ought not to be shed, or English money expended, in such a quarrel. We must, of course, participate in the evils that result from a state of war, even to those who are not actual belligerents, but none of the combatants will be anxious to invite us to the field, a nd so long as our honour, dignity, and security are unassailed, we may and ought to keep aloof from the contest. While England must regard all parties engaged in the Italian war as more or less culpable, and while in the exercise of common sense she must suspect the motives of the professed Liberator of Italy, still Austria and all the Germans who sym pathise with her must not deceive themselves. Austria is the Eons et origo mal ; the crime of pre cipitating the war, unless so doing could insure its early termination, was indefensible; but the per manent character of Austrian rule in Italy is the crime of crimes in Italian and in English eyes. Count Cavoun was perfectly right in denouncing such a rule as incompatible with European tranquillity, because it amounted to nothing less than keeping five and twenty millions of Italians in a state, morally, of chronic insur rection. No one could tell when and where the next outbreak would be ; but with the Austrian virus pervading all the States of the Peninsula, the manifestation of deadly disease soon, and some where, was certain. The proofs, if they were needed, of Austria's animosity against the liberties of every Italian State, are patent now to all in the treaties which she made. They are treaties not for defence against external aggression—small States must, of course, seek such alliances they are treaties with petty despots to protect them against their own people. With Austria peoples are nothing, " Houses" are everything ; and these "houses"—the curse of Europe—must be saved harmless against the due reward of their deeds, when a justly-incensed people arise to give it. Trea ties of foreign princes with our own to guillotine those who resisted our martyr King (till last year of blessed memory), or to imprison, torture, and massacre the Whigs and Tories, too, who sent James the Second across the Channel, would be the parallel of those treaties which Austria has made with her little Viceroys throughout Italy. ?fere, and here only, is the legal ground of accu- sation against Austria. Her engagements to pre vent the acquisition of liberty by any Italian State her consequent occupation of fortresses south of the Po for that purpose, and the intolerable tyranny which crushed all Italy in consequence from the Po to the Island of Sicily, are the illegalities for which she has no excuse but that haughty self-will. She would tolerate no political freedom amongst those who spoke any dialect of the Italian tongue. She hated the sight of freedom anywhere ; but the sight of freedom which would flow through a common language all over Lombardy too, this was to her more intolerable still. Now our rulers well know all this ; and woe to the Minister, or to his secret Royal backer who trifles in this matter with the feelings of the English nation. We know who said that Constitutional Govern ments were on their trial, although they had been tried here ages before he was born who uttered these words ; but we beg to remind the august author of that insult, as we have ever felt it, to the English people, that despotic Governments have also had a pretty long trial, and that the detestable results which we now see in Italy are the natural ones of Hereditary absolutism. Gaols full of the noblest patriots, military brutality, an exasperated populace, priests employed as the instruments of tyranny, the reign of spies and informers, and a chained press—these are the genuine fruits of the regime so dear to petty German Courts. But not only has Europe a legal accusation against Austria, she has quite as strong a moral one. It may be, as Austria asserts, that one inde pendent Government has no right to "lecture another" on its administration of its own domains— no legal right; Count CAvoUR acknowledged as much himself. But the eternal laws of right and wrong cannot be annihilated by technicalities and legal forms. Europe has a moral right to " lecture Austria" if, in 1815, she placed six or seven mil -1 lions of people under her power, and if Austria has used that power in a manner quite the opposite of that which Europe expected. There is surely some court of equity to take cognisance of the mode in which trusts like that of giving northern Italy to Austria are fulfilled. And if there be, any other power like Piedmont has a right to appear as counsel for the cestui que trusts. Had Sardinia treated Genoa as Austria has treated Lombardy, all or any of the parties to the treaties of 1815 would have had a right to complain. Had she, instead of treating her as on a perfect equality, a constitutional equality now, with the remainder of the kingdom, maddened all her patriots to insurrection, Europe might justly have said—lf we have no legal right, we have a moral right to protect against such an abuse of our confidence. Genoa, we know, was it and justly disappointed at not being con secuted an independent Republic ; but, contrast the sentiments now o f G enoa towar d s S ardin i a, Iwith those of L om b ar d y and Ven i ce towards Austria. We beg to refer our Court, and all who are too ready to take their lessons from it, to an authentic letter given in onr able weekly contemporary, the Spectator, last Saturday ; it is from an " esteemed correspondent, who knows the country well, and who travelled in it in recent years." Some of the facts we have indeed heard be fore , but here they come to us with others, freshly attested by an in dependent eye-witness. They corroborate all that Sardinia has laid to the charge of Austria, and fully justify ViCTOR EMMANL'EL in not being "indiffe rent to the cry of Italy's anguish." "To begin," he says, "with the penal code, the proceedings are to be strictly secret." The defence of the accused must be g iven in writing, the prisoner can claim no de fender, nor even that the charges against him should be communicated to him ! By this code, high and low, rich and poor, man and woman, are equally subject to the degrading punishment of flogging. True, not more than fifty blows may be given at one time; but fasting and bastinado may be added. In the worst kind of imprisonment, that to which all guilty of patriotism are subjected, the prisoner is confined in a dungeon, shut out from all external communication, with only light and air sufficient to sustain existence. He is loaded with fetters and chained by an iron ring rivetted round his waist ; his food is bread and water, his bed a bare plank, and he may not speak even to his gaolers. " It is beneath sinzilar treatment that some of the best and noblest Italians are now writhing.* In everything relating to the State, it is enjoined that t7ie wife shall denounce the husband, the hus band the wife, the child the father, the father the child, on pain of punishment as accomplices!" We must, however, refer our readers to the letter itself, which they will find in another column ; let them notice the tribunal for political offences ; the punishment inflicted on those who hissed the Aus trian flag (or perhaps did not hiss it) in the window of a courtezan, with the cruelly ludicrous post script; the extent of these brutalities—and then let every Englishman ask himself—let our Court itself ask itself—whether such a brutal power ought to be tolerated in Italy for a single year longer. Instead of its being criminal to rise in re bellion against her, it were criminal not to do it. England must not intervene. But if she even did, it could only be to expel the brutal torturers of Italy. Although the late deplorable outbreak of war in Europe has not actually involved England in mili tary operations upon the continent, it has so directly tended already to concentrate the national attention upon the necessity of securing as rapidly as possible the efficiency of both army and navy, that the immediate result will probably be, under any circumstances, to postpone for a long time to come, many an intended—internal—peaceful im provement. It was upon the very eve, however, of the positive commencement of hostilities upon the eastern frontiers of Sardinia that the Premier, upon the occasion of the Royal Academy banquet, ob served—" I trust that before many anniversaries are over we may be enabled to congratulate the Royal Academy on having a larger and more suit able site for the exhibition of the trophies of art which adorn these walls—for the extension of their meritorious and laudable endeavours to cultivate the fine arts and promote the instruction of their younger brethren; and that at no distant period we shall find the productions of British artists in their annual collections displayed where there is room for all the deserving, many of which, I am sure, from the present inadequacy of the space at your command, have necessarily to be excluded." The noble lord, determined apparently to be as ex plicit as possible in his statements—(under what could hardly be regarded as very encouraging cir cumstances to the cultivators of the arts of Peace) —added a few words, first by way of timely retro spect, afterwards by way of welcome promise or vaticination. " Gentlemen," he said, " I recoiled that when I last had the honour of holding office under the Crown I expressed in this place the same anxious desire, and I then made an appeal to the liberality of my right hon. friend the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, who is not now present, to provide better accommodation for thistociety ; and I am happy to think that now, while filling the same situation for the second time, we find our selves near the completion of that wish of my heart at that day; and that, knowing the exertions which the Royal Academy is itself making for the advance•.nent of art and science, we shall see that great object realised in a short time by the aid of Parliament, viz., the provision of a more worthy huilding for the exhibition of the works of the Royal Academy." So that even in the opinion of the First Lord of the Treasury there is every reason able prospect before us of witnessing the reconstruc tion and reorganisation of the National Gallery— and the induction of the Royal Academy into an edifice appropriated entirely to themselves. Hitherto our Academicians, if they have cultivated any particular school of philosophy, have certainly cultivated that of the peripatetics. They have never yet had a house of their own in which to give their annual dinners, and upon the walls of which to hang their yearly exhibitions. Whether they have been in Pall-Mall, or in Somerset-house, or in Trafalgar-square, they have lived under a roof as yet only, so to speak, upon sufferance. It was not, remember, until after the Royal Aca demy had been in existence upwards of half a century that England had any National Gallery at all. Upon St. George's Day, of all fine days in the year—upon the 23d of April, the birth-day and the death-day of the brightest gift St. George has surely ever given to England (SHAKsPERE)—in the year of our Lord 1771, Sir JOSHUA first occu pied the presidential chair at that earliest convivial gathering of the academicans and associates. Fifty three years afterwards—and still England had not the ghost of a National Gallery. Then, however, in that auspicious year (1824) died Mr. ANGER STEIN. And immediately upon the demise of that eminent connoisseur, the notion was then first started that England should at length possess a collection of her own—the nucleus of that collection being the pictures left behind him by Mr. ANGERSTEIN, pic tures which the nation then purchased for the sum of £57,000. For £3,000 more those pictures were housed and preserved for the nation at a house in Pall-Mall. Gradually—little by little—the collec tion increased in number and value, now by be quest, now by purchase, until, in 1838, the pictures having become too numerois for the space hitherto allotted to them, were removed to the new building which had just then been completed from the wretched designs of poor Mr. W. WILKINS, the architect. Twenty-one years ago, on the opening of that new building of the National Gal lery, the collection contained exactly 110 pictures by the ancient masters alone. That number has since been more than trebled—the paintings by the ancient masters in the National Gallery being at this moment as many as 350 altogether. The collection of modern pictures, meanwhile, hav ing multiplied with kindred rapidity, so that the whole number of paintings, both ancient and modern, now forming the National Gallery, exceeds six hundred! Mr. VERNON has given to the country his noble collection. Mr. SHEEPSHANKS has with equal munificence parted with his. TUR NER, dying in that miserable little lodging-house at Chelsea, leaves to England as a magnificent memorial of his genius as many as 282 of his paint ings, together with 19,331 of his hardly less mar vellous watercolour drawings and sketches. No wonder the nation, with all this wealth of art mul tiplying thusin its possession, resolves at last upon making a clean sweep in Trafalgar-square of the Royal Academy and of that preposterous structure called, and absurdly called, the National Gallery. Let us hope nothing will now set aside that resolve or even delay it. Although England has not yet 33 anything at all like the 2,000 specimens of the old masters at Flo rence , or lik e th e 1,860 a t Dresden, or the 1,833 at Madrid, or the 1,800 at the Louvre, or the 1,350 at Berlin, or the 1,300 at Vienna, or the 700 at Naples, or the 569 at Turin—still we have here 350, some of them very noble specimens pf the old masters ; we have made at least a very notice able beginning; we have a prospect before us, as time goes on, of witnessing the accumulat ion of a collection worthy of taking rank among the Na tional Galleries of Christendom. The Duke and Duches de Malakoff, accompanied by Col. Appert, Commandant Duval, and M. Gudin, left Albert-gate House on Saturday evening for Dover, en route to Paris• _ _ _ The Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry have returned to town from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough, at Blenhim House, Oxfordshire. It is understood that, if the indisposition of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton should be of much longer duration, the Cabinet have determined to accept his resignation, and appoint a mccevor to the Colonial-office,—Court ,journal. „t . . _%Ol- „„ oC tl i a f iso p,c- ei , 011, 4 nit 4 13, DPO T -” *a • z. • Vin.s THE SUN. MONDAY, MAY 9, 1859. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MAY 9, 1859. LATEST NEWS. THE WAR IN ITALY. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : TURIN, May 7. The following official bulletin has been pub lished to-day : General de la Marmora has made the river Dora his strategical line. The enemy has made no movement of any im portance. _ According to advices received from Ancona the municipality of that town has addressed a petition to the Pope against the increase of the Austrian garrison, and against the construction of fortifica tions by the Austrians. . TURIN, MAY 8. The following official bulletin was published on Saturday evening at 7 o'clock : The Austrians have hastily evacuated Voghera, and after recrossing the Po at Gergia (?), remained in the wood on the left bank of the river. The Austrians who were at Vercelli directed their march this morning towards Gottinara, under the command of one of their generals, and have been replaced at Vercelli by other troops. The Austrians are endeavouring to fortify their position on the Sesia. TURIN, MAY 8. The Austrians continue to commit ravages and depredations along their line of march. They have imposed on the town of Vercelli a contribution of 300,000 francs. The Council of War at Bielle has ordered an Austrian spy to be shot TURIN, MAY 9. OFFICIAL BULLETIN. The Austrians have advanced from Vercelli to wards Buronzo and Saluzzola. They continue to fortify themselves on both banks of the river Sesia and also at San Germano. The Austrians threw out reconnoitring parties, which advanced as far as the head of the bridge of Casale ; but being at tacked with energy by our soldiers they with drew. PARIS, MAY 7. The Emperor 'will leave for Genoa on Tuesday next. PARIS, MAY 8. The Moniteur of to-day contains the following : —" The Emperor has decided upon increasing the cadre of the general staff by 30 generals, and the cadre of the major staff by 50 officers." PARIS, MAY 8. The subscription to the new loan of 500,000,000 francs was opened this day, and 300,000,000 franca have already been subscribed. PARIS, MAY 8. The journals confirm the report that the Em peror will leave Paris on Tuesday next for Mar seilles en route for Genoa. The Duke of Malakoff has arrived here. The Patric states that Count Persigny has been appointed Ambassador at the Court of St. James's. MARSEILLES, MAY 8. Letters from Rome, to the sth inst., state that the French garrison has been maintained entire, and that 10,000 Austrians are at Ancona. The inhabitants of the Romagna are greatly agitated. Letters have also been received from Naples to the sth inst. The emotion of the King on learning the situa tion of affairs in Italy has very much aggravated his disease. MUNICH, MAX 8. The Government of Bavaria has ordered the raising of a loan of four millions of florins at four and a half per cent. and at the price of 97, to meet military requirements. BERNE, MAY 8. A revolutionary movement is expected at Como ; the tricolour flag has already been hoisted before the Castle. 1,000 Croats have arrived at Como, and a contri bution of 5,000 florins and of provisions has been imposed upon the town. STATE OF PIEDMONT. A letter from Turin, dated May 4, says :—" Since yesterday afternoon a heavy, soaking rain has been falling with little intermission—excellent for the crops, but most disastrous for the camps and their occupants. The Austrians, who are in the low grounds, must suffer the most ; on the other hand, the passage of the Alps must be rendered very fatiguing and painful to the French troops coming to Piedmont by land. The road over Mont Cenis is described to me as in an extremely bad state ; even in fine weather it is not a model of well kept highways, and now the soldiers have to wade through a lake of mud and melted snow. The mail from Paris was nearly 12 hours late yester day, and to-day it was some hours after its time. May is frequently a moist month here, and is the more likely to be so in 1859 that, during the first four months of the year, we have had no rain to speak of, and latterly everything had got as dusty and dried up as in the height of summer. If the present weather continues it must seriously impede military operations in the heavy plains of Piedmont, intersected as they are in many parts by streams, watercourses, and irrigation canals. Every gully must by this time have become a rushing torrent, and the lowlands can be little better than swamps. There is some appearance of a clearing up this after noon, but the Collina, the range of low hills to the east of Turin, is still heavily cloud-laden, and affords small hope of a permanent improvement." FRANCE. PARIS, SUNDAY. The Ministerial combination will probably remain as it is, though as the moment for the Emperor's departure draws nearer private influence is at work, and may, at any moment, be successful. The cainarilla, which has thought to be the appen dage of old dynasties, apparently flourishes under new ones. In spite of the relatively unimportant position which a Minister fills in the present system, in the eye of the public, yet attention has to a certain degree been excited, and some curiosity felt as to who was to be the official ad visers of the Lieutenant of the Empire during the absence of the chief. On Tuesday morning the Emperor sent for M. Laity, former Prefect of the Basses Pyrenees, and a devoted Bonapartist. His Majesty informed him that in consequence of a conversation some days before with M. de Persigny, he had made up his mind to dismiss his advisers, and before setting out for the army, to construct his Cabinet anew, with M. de Persigny, M. Laity, and Marshal Itandon for his principal Ministers. M. Fould was not to be included in the new Cabinet. The Emperor handed to M. Laity a list of the Ministry drawn up with his own hand, which he directed him to communicate to M. de Persigny, and to return with him in the evening to the Tuileries in order to de cide definitively as to the Ministers. Before, how ever, the hour came the scene had changed. One of the Ministers menaced with exclusion turned hie influence with the Cowl party to good account. That influence, which is too great, we are told, for any thing, or any one, to resist successfully, once more prevailed ; and, much to their surprise, the organisers of the new Cabinet were in formed, when they came to receive the Emperor% orders that his Majesty considered that it was too late before his departure to think of making any radical changes in the Cabinet. M. Fould and M. Walewski, whose position is said to be now impreg nable, remain at their posts. M. de Persigny was asked to go to London as Marshal Pelissier's suc cessor, which he accepted. M. Laity was offered a Portfolio ; but he declared that without M. de Per signy, and with M. Fould, he would not sit in the Cabinet. AMERICA, (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY MOItNI7 4. The paddle steamer Peiho, Capt. Ha:,;s, which left New York on the 24th ult., was just arrived here for orders. She brings - ,, 0 news ; has neither passengers nor freight. AUSTRALIA. LIVERPOOL, MAY 8. The screw steamship Great Britain, Commander Gray, of the Black Ball and Eagle line, has arrived with adviCes from Melbourne to the 2d of March, 32,000 ounces of golddust on freight, 55 saloon, 32 second cabin, and 239 intermediate and steerage passengers. Markets of all descriptions were without im provement. Flour for consumption had moved off steadily, but prices were without change. At public sale low to good Mauritius sugar brought £37 lOs to £3B lOs ' • fine yellow crystals, £3B 17s 6d, and good white ditto, £44 per ton ; Patras cur rants, 6d per lb. ; Price's Belmont candles, is lid per lb. ; 1-tins sardines, '6s 4d; salmon, is 5d ; 2-Ib. salmon, 94d ; Bally's salad oil, half ' pints, 6s. 11d. • Whyhous pints, lOs 6d per dov: Ai ; Cross and BlackwelPs pint pickles, lOs 3d ; 'oottled fruits, 14s 6d, lib jars ; in tins , 13s 3;; '2lb jars, 26s ; Manilla rope, 2 to 3 inches, , 4 :,0 per ton. The only report of the Mel'Journe market is as follows :—" There has no;, been any improvement in the markets of any description. Flour for con sumption has mo*.;ed off steadily, and prices have continued unrAanged. Low to good yellow sugar; £37 lOs to £3B les; fine yellow crystals, £3B 17s 6d; Patras currants, 6d per lb ; Price's Belmont candles, 131 d per lb ; /,-tins sardines, 6s 4d." The traffic returns for the Victoria railways for , the week ending Feb. 24 exhibited the following results :—Passengers (11,882), £962; parcels and live stock, £29 ; merchandise, £6OO ; total, £1,592, being a very considerable advance upon previous weeks. An extraordinary amount of activity prevailed among the ruiners. Prospecting parties without !umber were being rewarded by the discovery of most promising fields. Mining associations were on the increase. Destructive fires had occurred at Melbourne and Ballarat. At the Ballarat diggings general dulness pre vailed in trading circles. In prices there was little alteration. In the flour market some stir had been caused by the appearance of a considerable quantity of American flour in barrel, which was selling at lOs a ton higher than Victoria. Thb prices for Adelaide were £23. Vic toria, £2?, lOs. It;:e had reached £26 to £27 per ton. At Castlemain mill flour was quoted at £23 10s. At Kilmore fine flour was £2l. At Melbourne sugar was selling by auction at £37 lOs to £3B lOs for low to good yellow ; fine yellow crystals, £3B 17s 6d. At Adelaide the produce market was steady — flour, £l5 15s to £l6; wheat, 6s 6d. Copper, £9B per ton. At Sydney Bank of New South Wales shares were quoted at from £47 ; Commercial Bank, £45 10s. ; Australian Joint-stock Bank, £l2 7s. 6d. to 1;12 10s. Government Debentures firm. Martell's brandy, 9s. 6d. to 10s. ; rum, 30 over proof, 4s. to_4s. 4d. ; over proof, 3s. 6d. to 3s. 9cl. ; Geneva steady, at 14s. 6d. for first-class brands; bulk ale firm ; sugar firm, at £3O 10s. to £3l. For oilmen's stores and dried fruits there was a moderate inquiry, without alteration in price. Dairy salt, £5 ss. to £5 10s. Wool was not quoted so firm, owing to the buyers not being inclined to operate, except at reduced prices. Inferior and low wools, more particularly, had slightly declined. Holders, however, of first class clips did not seem disposed to submit to any reduction, and in the meantime prefer shipping to selling. The following were the auction rates :-Fleece, 171 d. to 231 d. Grease, 101 d. to 1 lid. Clippings, I ld. ; scoured, 20d. to 221 d. ; mixed, 7d. to 11d. Sheep skins, 31d, to 101-d. per lb. Tallow not quoted so firm, owing to lack of de mand. Quotations, 43e. 3d. to 555. 6d. per cwt. Hides firm ; heavy, 14s. to 14s. 3d. each. Horns, 21s. 9d. to 28s. 6d. per cwt. Advices from Adelaide at Melbourne to the 26th report the produce markets steady, with the excep tion of wheat, which was less firm than flour. Teas and su s gars had gone off at satisfactory prices. Advices from Sydney to the same date report the receipt during the week ended the 25th February at 2.799 ounces of gold into the Sydney branch of the Royal Mint. The Western escort had taken down 1,917 ounces. Brandy was without material change, but low rums, which are getting scarce, were in demand. Geneva was steady. In wines there was a little more doing, and a few inquiries for small parcels of middle and better class sherries, Bulk ale was firmer; bottled ale and porter un changed. Drapery goods, in the face of heavy shipments, were tolerably firm. Good assorted boots and shoes from first houses were worth from sto 10 per cent. advance on invoice prices. Gro ceries were in good demand by the wholesale houses, but the demand from dealers was inactive. Tea was in good demand, small lots having changed hands at .1:8 6s. to £8 10s. Sugar was in large demand, and holders firm. SHIPPING. Arrivals.—Feb. 18, Port Philip Heads, the schooner Jano and the brig Sea Nymph, both from Newcastle ; 21st, the Oliver Cromwell, from Callao, and her Majesty's ship Cor delia, from Newcastle; 23d, at Hobson's Bay, the Result (Blackwall line), from London, via Plymouth, and the Suffolk, from London. The Result left Plymouth on the Ist December, the day after which she encountered strong S. S.W. gales, which continued for the first 23 days, at which time she had only reached Madeira, whence the run to her destination was accomplished in the extremely short space of 61 days, or an average of about 68 days from Ply mouth to Hobson's Bay. The equator was crossed on the 35th, and the pitch of the Cape of Good Hope on the 58th day out. On the Australian coast for seven consecutive days she was detained by E.N.E. winds. The ships Jessie Mum and Ocean Chief, from Liverpool ; and the schooner Margaret Russell, from Newcastle. 25th, the schooner Elizabeth, from Belfast. 27th, at Hobson's Bay, the ship Queen of the Seas, the captain reported that for 18 consecutive days light airs and calms were experienced, so much so that only 840 miles were made during that time. Port of Adelaide, March I—The Libertas, from London. Port Philip Heads, Feb. 27—Sailed, the Belle of the Sea, for Calcutta ; 18, the Eva, for the Mauritius ; 25, her Majesty's ship Victoria, . for Port Albert; 27, the ship Shooting Star; the John and Lucy, and Ellen Stuart, all for Liverpool ; the ship Monarch, for London. Hobson's Bay, Feb. 28—. Sailed, the ship W ar Spirit, for Calcutta ; the brig I:nity and the Adelaide schooner, for Newcastle. Port of Sydney, Feb. the Granite City, for London. - - - . Vessels Spoken With—Dec. 31, in lat. 20.53 S., long. 3328 W., the Anna Maria, from Liverpool for Adelaide (this vessel is also reported in lat. 35 S., long. 30 W., on the sth Jan., from London for Adelaide) ; Jan. 4, in lat. 28.58 S., long. 3P17 W., the May Harrison, from London for Calcutta ; Jan. 15, in lat. 38.14 S., long. 4045 W.,. the Schiedam, from London for Calcutta. Projected Departures.—For London—The Resolute, early ; the Owen Glendower, 7th March ; the Chile, 7th ; the Essex, Bth; the Nimrod, 22d; the Suffolk, 28th; and the Result, 31st. For Liverpool—The Annie Wilson, early ; the Ben Nevis, Ist March ; the Grayhound, 3d ; the Indian Queen, sth; the Shalimar, 25th. For Havre the Cora and the Ville de Montpelier, early, AFRICA. - - LIVERPOOL, MAY 8. The Royal Mail steamship Armenian, Captain Walker, arrived this morning with the African mails. Her Majesty's despatch-boat Spitfire had arrived at Sierra Leone. The steamer Trident had left Sierra Leone f or the Bompey, where serious disturbances had existed for some time. Among the passengers by the Armenian is the Governor of Sierra Leone. In his absence the Queen's Advocate, the Hon. Alexander Fitzjames, would govern. The cultivation of cotton was seriously engagin g ' the attention of t he Gold Coast people, the native c hiefs having been induced to embark in its pro duction. The commercial advices are exceedingly meagre. At Sierra Leone business was very dull. His Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief, at the request of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, has appointed the fol:-owing officers to be Military Come missioners for Great Britain at the head-quarters of tho armies at the seat of war :—for Austria,,Colonel-Milamay ; for France, Colonel Cl aremont; f or Sardinia Colonel Ca. dogan, .ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA. The representation of " Les Huguenots," on Saturday evening, for the first time this season, was an important musical -event, respecting which most of our readers will be glad to learn something, although the cast, with Madame Grisi, Madame Didee, Madlle. Marai, Signor Mario, Signor Tag liafico, Signor Polonini, and Signor Zelger, in the principal characters, presented no novelty what ever. It was Madame Grisi's first appearance since last year, and an overwhelming reception given to her whilst as Valentina she descended the long flight of steps leading to the gardens of Chenonceaux. Never of late years has this gifted lady more worthily sustained her re immediately up 7:Liation than on the oc casion'l,ter notice, when all the most important scenPL and " points" of the arduous character - Valentina were expressed with the fire and t ree of youth, combined with the finish, and nap ered by the judgment, which matured ex perience can alone confer. The same species and degree of praise is due to Signor Mario for his im personation of Raoul—another masterpiece in its way, and the worthy companion picture to Grisi's Valentina. Madame Nantier Didiee showed us one of the very best impersonations of the page Urbano which the Italian lyric stage can boast, and Signor Zelger, who promises to arrive at a Lablachian degree of adipose, if not of vocal, celebrity, made an excellent Mercello. In short, the performance of " Les Huguenots" at Covent Garden was a triumphal success, and may doubtless be repeated frequently with honour, no less than pecuniary profit, to the management. The house was crowded in every part. WYLD'S MAP OF ITALY. THE THEATRE OF WAR. A map of northern Italy is now indispensable for every reader of newspapers, and Mr. Wyld has not failed, with his usual promptitude, to furnish us with one specially adapted to present require ments. No mere description can give in many Birds what the map shows at a glance, of the position of the invading and defending armies, the latter, we trust, soon to become the invaders of the country which has so long groaned beneath the brutalities and political oppression of Austria. The mountainous districts, which form three sides of Piedmont—the plain which the Austrians first entered, and mross which it was supposed they would dash to Turin—the once more famous Ticino, separating by an easily - passed boun dary, Lombardy . from Piedmont—the mightier Po, which it joins at right angles, and on which the Austrians are now principally manceuvr ing—all lie distinctly before the eye. The important addition to modern warfare of railways is also apparent ; we see how both the armies can be easily reached by all the supplies their respective countries can furnish. Very different in this respect will be the position of both compared with that of the Russians in the Crimea, and of our own soldiers too, till Mr.Peto forwarded them with the railway from Balaclava. The sea will be evidently a great advantage to the French while they hold the rail way, which we see turning up from Genoa to Alessandria and Turin. We need not say that in a map of Mr.Wyld's, accuracy and fulness are sure to be found. lire have found it so, as usual is the present case. THE TELEGRAPH AND THE NEWS PAPERS. The telegraph and the Opposition journals seem to have entered into a conspiracy with a view of de ceiving the public. False intelligence transmitted from various parts of Europe is invested with an importance which it does not merit, while some of our contemporaries either invent rumours them selves or become the victims of a senseless credulity. Thus, on Saturday last, the public were informed that England had officially notified her inability to protect commercial vessels in case of war between Germany and France, and the Paris correspondent of the Globe declares The Federal Government at Berne has been called on by Lord Malmes bury to enforce the treaties of 1815,' by which sundry vexatious impediments were contrived in a spirit of jealousy towards France, and some portions of Savoy were placed under Swiss constabulary guardianship to ward off the passage of French troops over the Alps. This petty mano3uvre of the Tory Foreign-office is only of a piece with all its other small dodges, utterly disgusting to France, who would prefer an honest open warfare to a series of sneaking hostilities." It is scarcely necessary for us to add that both of these statements are incorrect. The Times, however, as usual, manages to bear away the palm. This adept at mystifying its readers announced :—" Mr. H. St. John Mildmay, formerly an officer in the Austrian service will accompany the head-quarters of the Austrian army as British Commissioner during the war in Italy. Colonel Cameron will accompany the Sardinian army in a similar capacity : " The information respecting Colonel Cameron is altogether incorrect, and no British Commissioner has been appointed to the Austrian army in Italy. The facts of the case are as follow. The Sardinians having re quested the British Government to appoint some confidential person to attend their army and to report the progress of events, Col. Cadogan, who accompanied the Sardinian contingent in the Crimea, has been selected. This officer has been appointed military attache to the Sardinian mis sion. Colonel Claremont, who is at the present moment military attache at Paris, naturally accom panies the French; and Mr. E. Mildmay, who served for twelve years in the Austrian army, goes as attache to the mission at Vienna. The Austrian Government did not wish to receive a military man in that capacity, and consequently a civilian who possesses a thorough acquaintance with mili tary affairs, and who is well known in Austria, has been selected. These gentlemen will accom pany the various armies, but not as British com missioners. Their duty will be to furnish the Government with information respecting the pro gress of events.—Morning Herald. THIS DAY'S SHIPPING. LONDON, May 9.—Wind this day at noon, S.E rather fresh, with _ ery fine weather. FALMOUTH, May B.—Wind N.—Arrived—Alrivida, from Rio Janeiro; Ascension, from Havannah ; Cuba, from Trinidad de Cuba. Off port—Chance, from Savannah for Hull. PORTSMOUTH, May B.—Wind N.W.—Sailed—Her Majesty's ship Urgent, for Gibraltar. CARDIFF, May 7.—Wind S.S.W.—Sailed—Windsor, for Trimcomalee, Roslin. Castle / for the Cape of Good Hope. OFF TORBAY , May 7.—Arri;ed—Eleanor Catherine, from Hartlepool for the West Indies. DARTMOUTH, May B.—Wind S.S.W.—Arrived—Her Majesty's steamer Rolla, from Portsmouth; her Majesty's gunboat Biter, from Portland, and left for Plymouth. SCILLY, May 7.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Mary Ann, from Rio Grande. C owEs, May 7..--Wind S.W.—Arrived —H.D.M.S. Heriudal. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) Wind E. Arrived May 7.—Valetta, steamer, from London; Foyle, steamer, from Dublin ; Havre, steamer, from Havre. Arrived, May B.—La Poule, from Cherbourg ; Alceste, from Cardiff; Alarm, Susanna, and Gertrude, from New port ; L'Etoile and Argyll, steamers, from Carenton ; Black Eyed Susan, from Cardiff; Margaret Lloyd, from Swansea. Sailed, May 7,--Sultan, steamer, for Lisbon ; Foyle. steamer, for London; Georges, and Le Coq, for Cher. bourg. LIVERPOOL, Monday Morning. Wind S.E. Arrived—Onward, Windermere, L. E. Smith, Celestial Empire, all from New Orleans ; Rotunda and Consul, from. Savannah ; Argo, from Mobile; Gertrude, from St. John's, New Brunswick. (BY SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPH.) GRAVESEND, Monday Morning. tide I ebb . ; weather very fi ne . . N. y-B.—Dart, from A n t werp ; Two Broders, Wind,Arrive Arrived, E. ; from Warborg; /Eolus, from Wismar ; Unity, from Brussels; Annechina, from Marstrand; Capello, from Ot tendorf; Buchanan, from Table Bay ; Eagle, from St. Vincent; Mary, from Cardenas ; Hope, from Abbeville. DEAL, Monday Morning. Wind N.E. ; moderate. Passed (in tow)—Malabar, from Moulmein for London ; John Masterman, from Woosung for London; Excelsior, from London for Salcombe. Anchored—Concord, of Cowes, brig, from the west for the north. Passed.—Harry Smith, bark, from the north for Alex andria; Sir George Pollock for Auckland; Ashburton, for Liverpool; Julia, and St. 'Nickol, for Cardiff; Laurena Rita, for _Averpool ; Gustav, for Quebec—all from London ; Her Majesty's ship Royal George, from Sheerness, for Portsmouth, at p.m., yesterday. Six ships towed through very early this morning for the river; names not ascertained. PLYMOL May 8.--Wind S.W.—Arrived—Her Ma jesty's ship Curapa, from New York. CITY OF LONDON HOSPITAL FOR DISEASES OF THE CHEST, VICTORIA-PARK. —The number of patients relieved at this institution during last week was 1,202; of which 172 were new cases. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL GRAY'S-INN-ROAD.— The number of patients relieved at this hospital, during the 'werk ending May 7, is 2,317, of which 673 were new cases. NEWSVENDERS' BENEVOLENT AND PROVIDENT INSTITUTION. —The anniversary festival of this institution will be held on Tuesday the 24th instant, under the presi dency of Mr. Mark Lemon. This institution was estab lished 20 years ago, for the purpose of affording temporary aid to newsvenders, whether. employers or assistants, who might, from accident or sudden reverse, require pecuni ary aid, and to afford pensions to members of the society in their declining years. These objects it has steadily pursued to the present day, and the assistance of the trade and others hz the good work is earnestly entreated by the committee. AUSITIA IN MEI I. (From the Spectator.) In a recent paper on occupation in Italy, it is observed—" If England upholds such a system it is only from ignorance of its enormities." In order to aid in enlightening , this ignorance, may I ask you to insert the following extracts from the Aus trian Penal Code, established in the Lombardo- Venetian provinces in 1815, with which few of your readers are likely to be acquainted, with certain facts which may serve to modify the admiration occassionally expressed for the " paternal" rule of Austria. I could have added many more from my personal knowledge during a prolonged residence in different parts of Italy in 1853-'54-'55, but I have preferred offering such as can be authenticated by evidence which the most vioient enemies of Italian independence cannot call in question, the " Official Gazette of Milan." To begin with the Penal Code. What do Eng• lishmen say to this ? 1. The proceedings are to be strictly secret. The defence of the accused to be given in writing; the prisoner can claim no de fender, nor can he demand that the charges brought against him should be communicated to him. Art 337. Corporal chastisement forms a fundamental part of the code. High and low, rich and poor, man and woman are subjected to this degrading treatment, —as degrading to the full in the eyes of an Italian as in those of an Englishman. True, " not more than 50 blows are to be administered at one time." In the case of youths under 18, and younger women, rods are to be substituted for the stick. Art. 20. When the sentence has - been pronounced, the punishment may be augmented by the addition of fasting and the bastinado. Art. 2721. Imprisonment is of three descriptions—duro, piu duro, durissimo. The latter is thus described in the penal code, art. 14. " The prisoner is to be confined in a dungeon, shut out from all external communication, with just air and light sufficient to sustain existence. He is to be loaded with fetters hand and foot, day and night, and to be fastened by a chain to an iron-ring rivetted round his waist —except duringthe hours of work. His food is to be bread and water, soup once in two days,no meat. His bed is to be formed of bare planks, and it is forbidden to speak to any one, even his gaolers." It was to this treatment that the illustrious patriots confined in the Spielberg were subjected; it is beneath similar treatment that some of the best and noblest of Italians are now writhing.' The Penal Code, section 377, commands " that in everything relating to the _ State, the wife shall denounce the husband, the husband the wife, the child the father, the father the child, on pain of punishment as accomplices." Almost all the political offences are still brought before what is called the " Tribunalo Stadario" (sect. 500-501 of the Penal Code). This tribunal is composed of military officers, Gemans, Croats, and Bohemians, who scarcely understand a word of Italian, and who, from habit, education, and national prejudice, detest and scorn the Italian people. They speak German to each other • the witnesses are questioned in German, of which, if Italians, they in their turn seldom comprehend a syllable, while if otherwise, they are sure to give their testimony against the prisoner. Thus, says Giovini, the learned author of " Austria in Italia," the accused having no one to defend hint may be condemned without knowing his crime, and learn it only when he is informed " that in half an hour the rope will be rouud his neck." The slightest demonstration of popular feeling is visited by the most summary and brutal punishment. Thus in 1849, on the birthday of the Emperor, certain hisses having been heard issuing from the midst of the crowd in one of the most frequented streets in Milan in front of the Café di Mazza, of which the object apparently was the Austrian flag hoisted in the balcony of a well-known courtesan, " all the passers-by were seized, dragged before a military tribunal, and condemned to different degrees of corporal punishment, according to the degree of their offence," says the Gazette Officiale of Milan, 24th August 1849. Among the accused were men of high standing and irreproachable character , merchants, barristers, students, many of whom. probably were utterly ignorant of the whole, affair, and two young girls, also perfectly, re! spectable. The latter were condemned to forty strokes each. The sentence was executed instantly after being pronounced on the public place before the castle, in the presence of a troop of Austrian officers, who laughed with contemptuous cynicism at the indecent exposure and the cries of the victims. So far the tale. Now for the episode. The military commandant of Milan, sent the municipality a bill for 33 florins, 9 kreuzers, (£2 19s. 6d.) for the ex pense of the ice applied to the swollen lacerated flesh to prevent gangrene, and for the sticks and rods broken and consumed in the punishment of the seditious in the revolt of the 10th of August. lh addition the Marshal commanded the town to in demnify the courtesan who had been " terrified bY the scene," with the sum of 20,000 livres (L 60 0 ). How touching is the care of such a paternal govern' ment. It may be objected, that these disgraceful bar' barities were committed only . immediately after the revolution of 1848.9, at a period of great irritation. Did space permit, I could present you with countless, well authenticated cases, to prove that this system 01 tyranny and brutality commenced from the very moment that Italy was handed over in 1815 to the mercy of her Austrian masters, that it is one froth which Austria has never deviated, and which she imposes wherever she is mistress. What scenes have I not beheld at Leghorn, Bologna, Ancona: Ferrara, wherever the Austrians had established garrisons. Under pretext of defending Pius IX.' they have taken justice or vengeance into their own hands, condemning to a summary and ignominiou s death, often without trial, hundreds of men, many completely innocent ; levying enormous taxes in the name of the Pope, who never received one far' thing of them ; living in free quarters on the un" fortunate inhabitants, and rewarding them by th e bastinado, administered literally at pleasure wiw,", out distinction of rank or sex. (A recent " reform appoints women to bastinado women.) The following will be found in the Augsburg Universal Gazette, January, 20, 1852,—a paper unduly partial to the Italians. " Captain 1., commanding officer of the 2 1 s t Austrian regiment of the Line, posted at Perousef has commanded forty blows to be administered in the public place to an estimable citizen, M. g° 11 : ganelli, simply because he refused to receive second Austrian officer when he had one already quartered on him. (There were only ten to b e divided among all the inhabitants.) This arbitrary sentence was preceded neither by inquiry It°' formality. The same officer, a few days before, in; flitted forty blows on a poor peasant, who happened to have a cotton handkerchief round his neck which once had been of three' colours, though they were nearly obliterated by repeated washings. Not less deplorable is the universal venality ° the Austrian administrator, civil and military, Italy ; they regard it as a conquered country, to be plunder ad libitum. This will account for thes e enormous fortunes which so much have accumulate d Nowhere is this exhibited so unblushingly as? the conscription, wh ere yout h s utter l y un fit vl bodily infirmities for military service are inscribe, as fit, merely f or th e purpose o f extort i ng money to obtain th e i r re l ease. If t h ey are suspec ted °, patriotic or lib era l sen ti men t s , a different co urse ... adopted ; they are fi rs t pe rm itted to pay for a sl i t ; stitute, and then seized and compelled by thr and blow s t o enro ll i n an A us t r i an reg i men t, to LI sent to the marshes of Croatia, to be forced to flg, P e against their own flesh and blood. It is said that °i t Lombard soldiers have returned with alacrity to Ol e regiments. If so, the reason lies, doubtless, in t h er fact that the communes to which they belong n heavily fined for every soldier missing; that , e o l addition, their relatives are liable to the most ci 11 . 0 treatment in case of their desertion. Several ce s !., of this description came under my own observati v o Austria appeals to the treaties of 1815. Esc li supposing that any treaty can be sacred in wh ic a one nation is recklessly sacrificed, bound hand an foot to the ambition of another, how can Aus tr, dare to invoke them ? Did she remember ther i : when she annexed the republic of Cracow to h e o f dominions, in defiance of the protestations o f Europe, under pretext that the tranquillity Poland demanded that annexation ? Dares s' o c invoke them now, that the peace and security, Europe, the best and h o li es t i n t eres ts o f humani t y' are at stake ? Su re ly, the tim e is at hand When Europe will percei v e that, ev e n in a n interest e d point of view, a n It a ly, s t rong , t ranq uil, s u i , independent, is preferable to one perpetually a tated by the convulsions of agony and d e spair, am in its turn agitating all surrounding nations. GUILDHALL POLICE COURT. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—Public men ate, it is said, public proPe l l I cannot allow so gross a f a l se h oo d to pass ° l f, noticed that " The Alderman was late himself lia ad-hour." I hereby declare that Mr. Alder Allen and myself went into the justice roonl, Saturday last, as th e c l oc k s truck 12. I rely lir your sense of justice to give publicity to this. I am, &c., W. COP ELAN 9 * May 9, 1859. • v m HER MAJESTY' VISIT TO THE ROYAL ACAD,--- - . tier Majesty having signified her intention of visitinii the exhibition of the Royal Academy to-morrow (Tuesdali the 10th inst., notice has been given by the secretiguitlit% the exhibition will not be opened for public iuspVtio n on.e o'Olock in the afternoon of that day.