The Sun. — London, England, 1859-11-08 00:00:00

POPULAR EDUCATION IN LANCA- &HIRE. The prizes awarded by the Council of the East Lancashire Union of Mechanics Institutes were dis tributed on Saturday evening, in the Peel Institute at Accrington, under the presidency of Lord Brougham. There were also present—Lord Stan ley, M.P., Sir J. P. Kay Shuttleworth, Mr. H. Chester, Mr. W. Fairbairn, the Rev. Canon Rich son, Mr. E. W. Watkin, and many influential in habitants of the town as well as visitors from a distance. The Rev. Mr. KENNEDY (Inspector of Schools), in introducing the candidates, said, the distinguish ing features of the East Lancashire Union of Me chanics' Institutes were the considerable amount of attainments required from the receivers of prizes, and the great number of teachers whose services were engaged. (Cheers.) Among those who received the prizes were a number of young women and girls. Lord BD.OUGIII3I was greeted with prolonged cheering on. rising to speak. He am sure I need not say how gratifying must have been the statement, of our rev. friend Mr. Kennedy, the in spector, and the presentations to these pupils of the prizes which they have so well deserved. Mr. Ken nedy has justly said that two more important ob jects cannot be conceived than those of this great association of East Lancashire Mechanics Institutes, .--apprentice libraries, and establishments of every kind for the benefit of the working classes of the community. (Cheers.) In the first place, as he well observed, this is not a mere dilettante examination, a. nominal.sham inquiry, to test no merits, to re quire no qualifications, as the excuse for giving prizes, but the exhibition of highly important qualities;'in fact, the most important of all, but not those which' those examinations are meant to apply to,—namely, good moral conduct and character. (Hear, hear.) These are effectual, real examinations of intellec tual capacity and of industrial progress in learn ing, and this is that which first of all distinguishes this institution. The other peculiar circumstance is a most important point in education, perhaps the • most important of all in securing right teaching and right discipline (without which teaching will be of no practical avail in forming character and influ encing "conduct)—l mean, a sufficient supply of teachers. (Hear, hear.) I do not know that I have ever been more gratified in all my labours connected with education than with hearing of the large proportion of teachers which there are inthese schools—l may say not merely double, but three fold the number I have generally known to prevail in such establishments. (Hear, hear.) How im portant this institution is, leads one to inquire into its history and success, and it is most gratifying to find that, though it has only, I think, been in exis tence three years, it has been going on constantly , increasing - year after year: The first year it in creased from 400 and odd to 800 and odd; the next year from 800 and odd to 1,200 and odd. The number of persons attending and the number of candidates for examination have increased in a flinch greater proportion, the number in the first year being 20, in the next year 95, or very nearly fivefold; and in the third year 168, or very nearly eight times the first number. (Cheers.) I look upon this increase with pleasure, because success is always to a certain degree a test of merit. The merits of this association require no test to satisfy us of them, but it is highly satisfactory to find that its success has been in proportion to its deserts. It 6Ould not have been greater than those deserts, but it has been in proportion to them. (Hear ' hear.) I, really know not why I should detain you by any general observations, having exhausted the imme diate business of the evening, but I must add a word respecting the last class of pupils who were called. (Cheers.) Nothing can possibly be more highly in aeresting, more deeply important to the best in terests- of society than the education and general training of women. Upon that depends whether the working man shall have a good housewife for his wife, whether his children shall haler a good mother to attend them, whether his home shall be made coinfortable and happy to himself, and thereby a formidable rival, and the best pos sible rival, raised to another place, of which other place I will not go further for the present than to say, it neither has the comforts of home nor the in nocence of home, nor the instruction, and sound re laxation, and refreshment of home ; but its enjoy- Anent is obtained by the sacrifice of the domestic : duties, by robbing the wife and children of the pence which are spent there to support the indul gences obtained, and, in return for those indul gences the health of mind and body alike are un dermined, and ultimately are totally subverted. (Hear.) There has been in some quarters a great complaint, which, however, is not founded on fact, of my having declared myself at the Tieadford Social Science Congress a convert to the Maine Liquor Law. I did not declare that I was a convert to the Maine Liquor Law. I said that we were not prepared in this country for anything of the kind, that it would take a long time to prepare us for it, )ant-that .the greatest care should be taken not to encourage intemperance if we did not discourage it —nay, that the greatest care should be taken by all lawful, moderate, rational means to discourage it ; and that the public mind being prepared (which I am afraid it will not be until after a long course of discussion and .controversy for its enlightenment), 'then, I -did not say the Maine Liquor Law, but a legislative repression, should be applied to the sale of intoxicating liquors, which fill our gaols with criminals and our workhouses with paupers. (Loud cheers.) It is always disagreeable, as well as un profitable for the cause one supports, to commit any xaggerations. It is an old saying that you dimi nish all you exaggerate. It is like turning the tele scope round the wrong way, so that, instead of -bringing near the objects of your view and making them appear great, you make near objects appear distant. That is the consequence of exaggeration; `therefore I would carefully avoid it ; and yet I have 'very high authority on the subject to which I have been referring—the authority of one of the most eloquent preachers who ever appeared in this country-1 would say the most eloquent preacher, and I speak from having read his sermons find from having had the advantage also of hearing bim upon one occasion. When I went with my late daniented friend Lord Denman, the Chief Justice, to hear Robert Hall—(cheers)—I can only say that, at one part of the admirable sermon which he then preached, we both, as by one impulse and of one accord, turned round one to the other and said, 1‘ Plunkett !" svhich was comparing him to the greatest orator of late times, who since Pitt, -Fox, and Sheridan have been no more, is the greatest orator by much who has been known in this coun try. (Cheers.) Well, Robert Hall was applied t One - day, by a reverend friend of his who called iipon him in the course of the morning, and who was fatigued with his walk, to give him a little brandy and water. " I will," said Robert Hall, if you will give it a right name." " What is that ?" asked his friend. " Distilled damnation." (Loud cheers and laughter.) Now; Robert Hall is a. man of great eloquence, and may be allowed to exaggerate a little, which Ido not. I give you this as an instance that I might have gone a great deal' further with high authority than I did at Bradford upon thie subject. Now, I must observe that this teport: which is before me contains one very satis factory circumstance, in showing that the attention of the association is directed to the cultivation of the faculties, the tastes, and the understandings of Emir brethren, not in manufacturing towns, but in the country. There can be no doubt that farm ser rants, with the entire consent of their masters, ought lo receive books'fitted for their pursuits, increasing their knowledge of. plants, or materials for manure, and of the effects of water and moisture in cultiva tion. All those subjects are most germane to the matter iof their employment. But there is no rea- Fon .whatever why they should confine themselves tai t ho se _ M ore general subjects are desired by he m and. their employers, and I hope and trust that they wili find in other parts of the community a favourable an swer to the i r application and obtain the aid and encoura gement which they seek. I en tirely agree with what was said at a late ()Teat meeting at Manchester by a r i ght hon. friendt' of Mine, I mean Mr. Disraeli—and my noble friend (;Lord Stanley) w as present country the time --that the people ought to be eonsid irivlbitants of theconsidered u ell as the great swarming. towns in Lanca shite and Yorkshire, and that those country people are fitted to malce said, by the union and and to rise, as he justly it) of integrity and c i r e ii i t L nership (I think he called intellect-jo is t as fit as others w i le more eTnerally crowd'uthei (Cheers.) When I look. back toctilit3er or the town. that have taken place ail over this country e n h;7,7es the subject of education I am in no little u degree astonished. at the difference which 50 or GO years have made. As an instance, I will quote the ex ample of Mr. Burke, than whom there never was a man of more enlarged understonflig, better exer t by Study of al l kinds, who took more ample and generally speaking, more sound views of all subjects, from the most °Till-al to the mostminute, with one exception—perhaps I must say —in which the soundness of his views does not appear to have been the same—l mean the violent prejudices which he entertained on the subject of the French .Revo lution. Though curried much too far, those preju dices had a most natural and lawful origin in the h r, or which was felt by all good. men—indeed, by all descriptions of men, at the .dreadful atrocities THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 8, 1869. which marked the earlier stages of that drama. With that exception, a more enlarged view, a more sound understanding, or one more practised by study than Mr. Burke's never was bestowed upon a human being. (Loud cheers.) Yet, marvellous to tell, in all his productions, whether in his speeches or in his printed discourses or in his printed publications, we cannot find, or, at least, I cannot recollect in the many volumes that I have read, any one allusion to popular ignorance or the necestity of better teaching for the people. It is clear and dis tinct what a great change has taken place since his day. I will venture to say that no man, had he lived in our time, would have more applied himself to this subject than Mr. Burke. He might have differed with us in being alarmed at one time, and at another time in thinking that we carried it too far, but that he should have been silent upon it, that he should, to use a fashionable phrase, have "ignored the subject," was utterly and absolutely impossible. (Hear, hear.) We are now come to a state of things when it can no longer be said that mechanics institutions are of themselves fitted to attain those great objects for which they were 25 or 30 years ago founded. They have in a great mea sure succeeded. They have given rise to other in stitutions, better adapted to some classes of the com munity than those. But at that time, when I was a humble supporter of Dr. Birkbeck, the founder of mechanics' institutes—(cheers)—l was clearly of opinion, and strongly urged in an address which I published, of which I have lying before me the 20th edition—an address to employers of workmen, and to workmen, upon education—that the establish ment of mechanics institutes was a necessity, where they could be had; or lecture's, where there were the means of obtaining a lecture-room, and paying for lecturers ; but that, where these' could not be had, a great good, an important service was ren dered by having libraries, reading-rooms, and newsrooms for the people. (Cheers.) I remember it was said that there was a great difficulty in establishing these institutions for want of ap paratus.. But it was singular, when you came to consider it, how much might have been done with very little apparatus indeed, and it is worth consi dering. " Great . progress may be made with very cheap and simple experiments. Indeed, some of the most important, if not the most showy, are the least costly and complicated. By far the grandest discoveries in natural science were made with hardly any apparatus. A pan of water and two thermometers were the tools which in the skilful hands of Dr. Black detected latent heat. A crown's worth of glass, three pennyworth of salt, a little chalk, and a pair of scales enabled the same great philosopher to found the system of modern chemis try, by tracing the existence and the combinations of fixed air. With little more machinery the genius of Scheele (the 'great Swedish chemist) created the materials *of which the fabric was built, and antici pated some of the discoveries that have illustrated a later age. A prism, a lens, and a sheet of paste board enabled Newton to unfold the composition of light and the origin of colours. Franklin ascer tained the nature of lightning with a kite, a wire, a bit of riband, and a key. To say nothing of the great chemist of our own day (Davy), of whose most useful, perhaps most philosophical discovery, the safety-lamp, the principle might have been traced with the help of a common wire fireguard, even the elements of mechanics may be explained by an ap paratus almost as simple. To take one instance, the fundamental property of the lever, and I may say of the whole science, may it not be demon strated by a foot-rule, a knife, and :a few leaden balls of equal sizo ? The other mechanical powers, which for the most part are resolvable into the lever, may be explained with almost equal ease ; and after all, it is those principles that practical men must require to have unfolded, and their applica tion to mechanism illustrated by figures and in struments." I have been committing a plagiarism. I have borrowed this passage ; but it is an inno cent theft, for it is a theft from myself. (Cheers.) It bears, therefore, the same relation to common theft that suicide does to murder. (Cheers and laughter.) I have once more to congratulate you upon the spectacle to day of these young men, chil dren, I may say, of both sexes, in their enlarged, promoted, and protected studies and it is a most sa tisfactory circumstance that they are not generally dependance, but that, generally speaking, their parents provide the costs of their tuition. (Great cheering.) Mr. HARRY CHESTER, of the Society of Arts, gave a lengthy exposition of the system of examina tion introduced by that body during the last few years, and moved the following resolution : "That the system of annual public examinations of can didates for prizes, whether conducted in provincial unions of institutions, or as °Aired to the• whole country by the Society of Arts, affords a means of testing the efficiency and stimulating the efforts of the evening classes, and of enabling employers of labour to select from the beat con ducted youths attending them such as show by talent, in dustry, perseverance, and good conduct that they deserve confidence." Lord BROUGUAM, in the course of Mr. Chester's speech, interposed to remark that the word so ciology," applied to the movement of the Social Science Association, had never been used by the promoters of that body. (Hear.) Mr. 11. Moon seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously. classes in this country, but more especially by the working class, has made England what England is to-day. (Cheers.) There is generally observed a natural and to seine extent harmless tendency in places originally established for purposes of instruc tion, to become places of amusement instead. lam told that here that is not the case; that those who frequent your evening classes do so with the pur pose of obtaining instruction, and that the kind of instruction they seek is generally speaking of a practical and even homely character, sougilt with a practical object and fitted to repair the defects of their early school teaching, and fitting them for situations of confidence and trust, and so enabling them to raise their social position. Looking also to the class from whom the members are taken, I find it stated that the great majority . of your sub scribers are factory workers—that is, they belong precisely to that class in .society for whom these institutions were originally destined. The ages of the great majority range between 15 and 18, thus including the times when common school teaching is at an end, and when the mind still retains so much of the vigour and freshness of youth as to be most capable of acquiring and assimilating new ideas. I trouble you with these matters of detail be cause it is just such points as those to which I have referred that constitute the whole distinction be tween the efficiency and inefficiency of an institu tion of this character. (Hear.) Looking at the ages of those who are receiving instruction, the class from whom they are taken, the generous, popular character of the teaching given, and the willingness of its recipients to pay out of their own, it may be, very limited funds for the advantages they are con scious of deriving, I am satisfied on the evidence of these reports that your education is founded on a sound and solid basis, and that the work it is doing is real and genuine work. I 'am still more encou raged in that belief by those statistics of progress to which Lord Brougham has referred. I won't trouble you with figures, but it is an easy thing to recollect that whereas your candidates for prizes two years ago were only 20, they were last year 95 and this year 168, making an increase of more than eight-fold in less than 24 months. The attendance at the evening classes, moreover, has, I think, more than doubled within the last 12 months ; and I am particularly glad to observe that the average of at tendance has increased in a more rapid proportion than the number of members, showing a great im provement in regularity. These are slight but, so far as they go, real and valuable indications of pro gress. Of course, in such an undertaking, as in any other, you can have no absolute security of success, or perfect guarantee against failure; but we are en titled to judge of the future by comparing the pre sent with the past, and taking that test, the East Lancashire Union appears to be making a steady, rapid and continuous advance. (Cheers.) It is pro bably needless to explain to you the special and characteristic advantages of that system of uniting institutions formerly isolated which you have here organised and set on foot. In the first place, it gives, if one may say so, greater importance and dignity to the work on which you are engaged. Fify or 100 small institutions collected into a single organisa tion fill a much larger space in the public eye than any one of them or all of them taken separately and singly. In the next place, it is only by bringing to gether a large number of pupils, whether from one place or many places, that you can obtain enough of them, who are interested in the same class of subjects, to secure a real and effective competition for prizes. Thirdly, if in any place a new experi • ment in the way of teaching has met with great • success or failure, all the other institutions in union . obtain the benefit of the experience so acquired, in a manner which, but for this connexion between them, would be impossible. Lastly, and it is to this perhaps that I should attach importance most of all, a dozen, or still more 100 institutions in union are able to afford that which no one of them can, to pay for first•elass teachers, to retain their exclusive services, to bring them, if necessary, from • distant parts, and to employ them, as I understand is your practice here, in going round from one in • stitution to another, teaching, perhaps, on one, two, three, or more days in the week, and so not only directly instructing the pupils themselves, but showing the local teachers, whom you must call in to assist on other occasions, how instruction may most effectually be conveyed. (Cheers.) That being the - system which you adopt, there can be no doubt that it simplifies, so to , speak, your means of action, and enables you to produce a very consider able result with a comparatively small outlay. If this experiment of yours succeeds, and the progress you have made during three years of your expe rience is destined to continue, not only will you have gien a great stimulus to the educational move ment in these parts generally, but you will have applied it exactly in the manner mast required. • (Hear, hear.) Something has been said to-night about the provision made for teaching in schools. Whatever may be the faults or merits of that sys tem of school teaching—though I don't think it all perfect—l wish to do it all justice, and Ido not think that in the actual constitution of society it gets fair play. Parliament votes about three-quar ters of a million for schools for the instruction chiefly of the children of the working class. Nearly twice as much, or perhaps a million and a-half more, is contributed for the same purpose, partly by the parents themselves, and in much greater measure from the benevolence or sensibility of those inte rested in this cause. Now, what happens ? A very large number of our working children go to school, they attend while there pretty regularly, and they learn to read, to write, and to cipher with tole rable ease. But if you take the average of Eng land through, the schooling of children ceases between the ages of 12 and 10—I am afraid nearer 10 than 12. (Hear, hear.) They read or learn no thing more; what they have picked up at school is apt to be quickly forgotten ; and probably I should not be overstating the case if I said, speaking per haps of the agricultural districts rather than these, that of every three, or perhaps every two lads who at 15 are able to read and write, with tolerable comfort to themselves, only one can do the same when he reaches the age of 25. (Hear, hear.) Now, what is the effect of that ? Why clearly that of this large sum voted by Parliament, and of the vast sums added by private exertions, a large proportion is, for all practical and ultimate results, as absolutely wasted as if it had been thrown into the sea. (Hear.) To some extent, you cannot prevent that state of things. Young men and lads who have their bread to earn may or may not study, but they must work. (Hear, hear.) From a very early time, their days are taken up with their daily work, and if any in struction is to be provided for them at all, it can only be by the means of the evening school. It is precisely that form of instruction which you provide here, and beyond supplying the school, you afford an incentive and inducement to attend it by your system of examinations, the competition for prizes, and the public honour and respect which on occa sions like the present you pay to intellect, industry, and culture. (Cheers.) These honours are, if I may so say, a sample and a foretaste only of the more substantial distinctions which later life pre sents to those who arc competent to obtain them. You whom I address are Lancashire men, you know the conditions of life in these swarming regions of the north, where every man, be he rich or poor, is a worker, and where fortunes arc made with hardly less rapidity than in America or Australia. -You will own, therefore, how false and foolish is that belief, sometimes entertained in ignorance, sometimes it may be professed to be entertained with no goad purpose, that England affords no scope for the so cial ambition of the working man. I believe that one of the most interesting volumes that could pos sibly be written, which when it is written, ought to find a place in every hamlet, and almost in every cottage, would be a biographical record of a few select instances, at least, of those eminent and illustrious persons who, in various occupations and departments of life, have raised themselves from the ranks. Many a story might be told in such a volume that would buoy up the courage and cheer the heart of the struggling operative in his most distressed hours. (Cheers.) But you need no such volume to recall to your recollections the fortunes and the fame of the elder Stephenson, you do not require to be told of the rise and of the wealth of Arkwright, and, above all, you in these districts, and meeting in this ball, know well, and history will record, what was the origin of the family of Peel. (Cheers.) You may say, no doubt, that these are remarkable instances. Remarkable instances the:; are, exceptional instances I believe they are not. I believe that there is net one town, westward from here to Li7erpool, or if you look eastward, over the hills, there is not one town in all the West Riding where you may not find at least some one or two men who are wealthy and powerful, men who are large employers of labour, men who per haps arc magistrates, and men who are looked up to in the . society in whi c h th e y res id e , w h o h ave i n early life earned their 15s. or 206. a week, it may be no eat t hit . I : e sn r uoc e ;n : be, some t a ohy s ua s i)vot) a ef. in the - very mill of which they afterwards became t c h h e an o c w e n f e o i; .s.all(lTleileol• 1 ; 371 ) , Many competent men must doubtless fail, and by no u faultn human affairs i b s e ft not equally deserved fortune unaccountably, and even undeservedly, succeed. But whatever may be these uncertainties of fortune, it is something at least to know that to educated and intelligent men the door stands open, and the course is cleared. It is something to know, as was lately said at Man- It chester, that to every man the opportunity comes while l b e e r : e i t n i t a : once in his life—(cheers)—and something still to Lord STANLEY, who rose amidst enthusiastic cheer ing, said,—My noble and venerable friend in the chair—and when I speak of Lord Brougham I use those epithets not as words of courtesy and of course, but as expressing the universal feeling of this country (cheers)—my noble and venerable friend has anticipated some of the topics upon which I intended to have touched to-night ; and you have heard from Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Chester, and Mr. Moore details which their long experience and official position render more accurate than any I could furnish. I stand before you personally as a stranger, not indeed in this county, but in this dis trict. I am acquainted with the proceedings of this East Lancashire Union of yours only through the means of the printed report, and since we have long ago got past the time when people felt it ne cessary to talk generalities in defence of the prac tice of giving instruction to the people ; since we have learnt for the last quarter of a eentury to take all that for granted, I really feel some difficulty, in the absence of local knowledge, in knowing whether you will consider what I am about to address to you worth the hearing. This, however, you will allow me to say, before touching on any other sub ject, that I beg to congratulate the people of this town upon the unexampled spectacle which this hall affords to-night. You have here present one who for 60 years has been the foremost champion'of the educational cause (cheers), and in days when that cause was not, as now, a means of popularity, but met with bitier opposition in many and very important quarters. You have here men who, like Sir James Shuttleworth, Mr. Kennedy, and Mr. Chester, have, in little conspicuous, but still public positions, given years of energy and labour to that movement. You have here in .what lam told are numbers very unusual, the operatives of this and the surrounding towns. You have also on this platform for the purpose of paying clue honours to prizemen of the working class, and of promoting and extend ing, so far as in them may lie, the education of that class, and assembled in numbers greater than ever before for any educational purpose, those who repre sent the science, mechanical skill, enterprise, and capital of these East Lancashire districts. (Cheers.) This is a sight which, anywhere and at any time, would be very satisfactory. It is the more grati fying now, at a time when not only in this, but in all parts of the country, the relations between em ployers and employed are the subject of anxious and sometimes, I fear, acrimonious discussion. (Hear, bear.) It is doubly gratifying, because it shows that, here at least, the employer on the one hand, and the operative on the other, feel how closely and intimately their interests are united, and how both feel that the relation between them cannot be one merely of bargain or contract, but must rest upon the firmer and more durable busis of personal interest and example. (Cheers.) From the able summary of the proceedings of this asso ciation, of which I hold a copy in my hand, I col lect that the object of this East Lancashire Union is, I don't say identical with, but generally simi lar to that of a kindred and perhaps rival society established in another part of this county, with its head-quarters at Manchester, and of which a meeting was held no longer ago than Tuesday last. There may be wide differences in manage ment and detail, but the leading fundamental idea, I take it, of both associations, is the same—to give strength, spirit, aid encouragement, to a num ber of s nall educational establishments, scattered up and down the country (in your case over a circle .20 miles across), by uniting them together, by sup plying them with a common centre of action, by encouraging a mutual and healthy competition be tween their respective members, by enabling them to obtain the services of a better class of teachers than they could singly and separately command, and by bringing the e x p er i ence o f each to bear for the benefit o all. I find it stated, further, that the majority of these associated institutions are, as from the physical characteristics of this district they a:most necessarily trust be, very small ; that they consist for the most part of evening classes, a library, and a news-room, and, as I learn with more than ordinary satisfaction, that though, of course, assistance from the wealthier or middle classes is not refused when tendered, still these institutions are not in the habit of relying on that aid, but are supported and carried .on mainly out of the subscriptions of those ivho use I them, and out of the wages of the working men. (Cheers.) Long, I trust, may that independence continue. It is the best and surest guarantee of be assured, as I am confident are many of those the permanence and success of the work on which whom I address, that if the opportunity comes it you are engaged, and it is the same spirit of inde- will not be missed through ignorance, or apathy, pendence and preference for self-help over help or sloth, while, unhappily, if it should offered by others that, shown as it bas been by all fail to come, we at least have had the consolation of knowing that the failure arose from causes above and beyond your con trol, and that you have not been unfaithful to your . own destinies. (Loud cheers.) • Lord BROUGHAM—There is a circumstance which I must state in justice to Professor Craik, of Belfast, and it is the more fit that I should mention it, because he is now a candidate to succeed Sir David Brewster, at St. Leonard's College, St. Andrew's. My noble friend, Lord Stanley, has very naturally suggested a work which I think ought to be pub lished under the title he suggests, and no longer under the title of Mr. Craik's work—" The Pursuit of Knowledge Under Difficulties." It was pub lished under that title 35 or 40 years ago by the Useful Knowledge Society, and the consequence is that many persons are not aware from reading the advertisement of it merely that it really is a bio graphy of self-raised men. I was then president of that society, and I suggested that title, and it woul I have been better, and more descriptive of the thing to have called it, "The Biography of Self-raised Men,"—men who were the " architacts of.their own fortunes." It applies to all countries as well as to England, Scotland, and Ireland. My opinion is, with my noble friend, that it would be much better to cull out of that work the biographies of self-raised men—the Watts, the Arkwrights, and so forth, belonging to this country, and to have them in a small separate volume under that title, which is more descriptive of the thing than the title which Professor Craik's work now bears. (Cheers.) The Rev. Canon RrcusoN, on presenting a prize, which was the gift of - Mr. Adderloy, M.P., said, he must explain why he felt especial pleasure in being on this oocasion the medium of that gentle man's generosity. Eight years ago Sir J. K. Shuttleworth and himself (Mr. Richson), with a number of influential and leading gentlemen of Manchester, were very earnestly engaged in en deavouring to secure the sanction of Parliament for an educational measure. " What," it might be asked, "could the people of Manchester see nothing being done but they must interfere in this matter, and concoct a scheme of their own ?" They were quite aware that much was being done, and he could not now stand up in the presence of Lord Brougham without acknowledging his efforts. A summary of his lordship's actions was described in the words of the noble lord's own preface addressed to Dr. Birk beck :—" I have many times endeavoured to bring the subject of elementary education before Parlia ment; but the lukewarmness of some, and the honest—and by me ever to be respected objections" —he (Mr. Richson) believed " objections' was the word, — Lord BROUGHAM.—Prejudices, Mr. RICHSON.—" Of others have been the impe diment to my desire." Nor could he (Mr. Richson) forget the labours of Sir J. K. Shuttleworth and others in the same cause. Indeed, when he was told upon the authority even of the Registrar-General that we hid increased in education from 1 in 17 in 1818, to 1 in 11 in 1833, and 1 in 8 in 1851, it would seem prepasterous that he should deny that great progress had been made. But he regretted exceed ingly to find such a statement endorsed perpetually, and even in the House of Commons. It was no such thing. It was very well known, as the Digest of 1818 declared, that a great proportion of the private schools were not returned at that time; and the education of that period, such as it was, was the education of the private adventure school. There fore, the comparison of 1818 with 1851 was most unfair. (Hear.) The same might be said of 1833.. No doubt great progress had been made. We had destroyed the dame-schools and ads enture-schools, and gathered the children from those wretched places of instruction into schools well systematised and under capable teachers. It was a glorious thing to see the vast number of schools of all denomina tions springing up in every direction, and we were encouraged to believe that there was an apprecia tion of education abroad which would produce yet more gladdening results. But in Manchester they had looked at what was still left undone. They might be supposed to know something of their own locality; and they calculated the almost in credible number—he forgot it exactly at this moment, but he believed it was nearly 30,000—0 f children between the ages of 3 and 16 who were neither at school nor at work, but receiving their education in the streets. Seeing that state of things, they arranged, under circumstances of a most extraordinary character, a measure to be pre sented to Parliament. it was using very strong terms, but he believed there never was seen in this. country such a committee, composed of such ele ments, in favour of a measure, as was seen then in the committee-room at Manchester. It comprised persons of every considerable religious denomina tion or shade of political opinion, except, he be lieved, only two classes of their townsmen, who were norsufficiently able to co-operate. However, they had certainlra large majority of the people in their favour, and their principles were such as to commend themselves to every person desirous of promoting education, and such as he believed would be accepted and acted on when, as Lord Stanley remarked at Manchester, the working men agitated, themselves, for their own advantage. First, there were to be local rates, to supplement and stimulate the Parliamentary grants and voluntary contribu tions ; secondly, there was to be local management, co-operating with but not subordinate to central administration ; thirdly, the parent was to choose his own school, and wherever the child went the rate was to go with it ; finally, in the erection and constitution Of schools the founders were to deter mine the religious instruction, provided they did not insist on any dogmatic religious teaching of the children of parents who objected. Those being the principles of the most eq u it a bl e measure ( as h be lieved) ever presented to Parliament, its promoters were anxious to have it fairly'and fully discussed, not only in the house but in committee, believing that wtain points would there be settled which could not be exactly agreed upon between them selves and others. But their great difficulty was, among the friends of education to find any one who would take the matter up and introduce it, though backed by the support cf 40,000 rate-payers. Who was the person that came to their aid on that occa sion ? Mr. Adderley. (Cheers.) Mr. Adderley was, therefore, the working man's friend in that. matter, and this he exhorted the working men pre sent to remember, while endeavouring for their own sakes to carry out that for which he and Sir John Pakington and many others had laboured. (Cheers.) Mr. E. POTTER moved the second resolution : " That the School of Art established at Burnley, and having drawing classes established in Accrington and Has lingien, tends to promote that taste and skill in design wbilh arc essential to the highest success of the manufac turing enterprise of the district." He had been invited by Sir J. Kay Shuttleworth to be present, not only as an old friend, but because he was told the people of Accrington would wel come him on the two grounds of his being a calico printer and a promoter of the Manchester School of Design. (Cheers.) Speaking from that platform, he was unable to omit referring to a man who had been the great ornament of th e p r i n t t ra d e, t h e l ate James Thompson of Clitheroe, a scholar and a gen tleman, and a thoroughly benevolent man, from whose lips he had heard 30 years ago all the senti ments uttered on this occasion, and who essayed himself on a small scale the schemes now carried out by this association. (Cheers.) Mr. Thompson put up notices that he would take no apprentices unless they had some education, His (Mr. Potter's) friend, Mr. Wrigley of Bury, would even go so fir as to try to obtain a legal enactment •to the same effect. Ho (Mr: Potter) resided in a neigh bourhood similar to this, in that most critical period of transition when the town was emerging from a village, and he observed with great satisfaction the efforts making in such places to promote intelli gence and morality, not only by elementary educa tion, but by encouraging. young men to elevated tastes and pursuits. (Cheers.) The resolution was carried unanimously. Sir J. K. SHUTTLEIVORTH proposed, amid loud cheering, a vote of thanks to Lord Brougham for presiding,. He knew very well that they were too near the scene of that great triumph over slavery whMi the West Riding of Yorkshire achieved in his election not to give its hero a hearty welcome if he once came among them again. He knew also that they were too thoroughly in earnest, not oily the middle classes, but the working classes of this great and flourishing district, upon the subject of public education, not to receive with the warmest gratitude the patriarch of that move ment. (Cheers.) He had invited Lord Stanley to be present, because he wished the aristocracy of Lancashire t J do honour to Lord Brougham ; and he had also invited eminent representatives of its science and enterprise and capital to meet the town and country•people of this great district of East Lancashire, which promised to become one great d l t e h y aesy a ke s nd t i r i tg e hehett,mawnatllat tremble o em p m u ebe l latetiaosrt there,stoo i s c t u i d e' r e N a s N t b . u t n h n i edesalne every t e a a a t l l c e a s p ta Lordl capitalist B e l r a o s u s g 1 livaams working i a o d trni a .en d nd v i o ef - . ancashihat s s h t a r e c t t in great re l a ti ons of capital and labour, to represent cited all his lif e , and to show the f principles ferent to th e i r p rogress, but recognised the elevation of their intelligence, the honesty of their efforts, and a common interest which he trusted world issue in a growing partnership of capital and labour. (Great cheering.) Mr. W. FAIRBAIRN, of Manchester, seconded the motion, which was carried by acclamation. Lord 131 - tbuGium—l return you my most hearty thanks for your very kind reception. I can only say that, comparing the two roses, the white rose and the red, my Yorkshire friends and my Lanca shire friends, I find little or no difference between the two. (Cheers.) This concluded the proceedings. L AIV INTELLIGENCE, Nov. 7. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. ILATTAN V. KEANE. This was a demurrer to a plea to an action for an infringement of the plaintiff's copyright in some music composed by him as an accompaniment to the dramatic representation to the play of " Much Ado about Nothing," by using the music without the plaintiff's permission. The question raised was in effect whether this was a musical composition within the meaning of the Copyright Acts. The plea alleged that the defendant employed the plaintiff to compose the music, and that he, and not the author, was the composer of the music. Mr. R. E. Turner, for the plaintiff, submitted that the meaning of a " composer," or " author," under the Copyright Acts was the man in whose mind the thoughts arose, or from whose mind the thoughts flowed, which were embodied in the cora positiol and that the defendant, who did not com pose a note of the music, could not be the composer of it, because he had employed the plaintiff, who did compose it, and that the copyright had not passed out of the plaintiff, and could not without assign ment in writing. Mr. liuddlestone, for the defendant, submitted that the plea was a good answer to the action. The design of the dramatic pie c e was the defendant's, and he employed the plaintiff on the distinct under standing that what he did was to be part of the defendant's dramatic piece, and that he was to have the sole right of using it. The plaintiff was em ployed just like .a scene painter, or dancer, to carry out a design which flowed from the defendant. The Court were of opinion on the facts that judg ment should- be for the defendant, and that he was the author of the design of the dramatic piece, and found the capital and skill employed in it, and that the music so composed by the plaintiff, by the em ployment and under the direction of the defendant, became the property of the defendant, and he had the right to use it. The very terms of the engage ment led to this judgment. Judgment for the defendant. POLICE INTELLIGENCE, Nov. 7. MANSION HOUSE.—FIRES IN THE CITY: It will be remembered that, about a month ago, a fire took place upon the premises of the Patent Pa raffin Light Company, in Bucklersbury; and that, in accordance with the 'desire expressed by a depu tation of inhabitants (on behalf of whom Mr. Hub bard, solicitor, whose offices adjoin the Paraffin Company's, acted as spokesman) requested Mr. Ser geant Payne, the City Coroner, to hold an inquest upon the fire, and at the same time directed the City Solicitor to attend and watch the proceedings. The Coroner held an inquest accordingly, and Mr. Pearson, City Solicitor, now attended to report the result ; Mr. Hubbard being also present on be half of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood ; and Mr. Tindal Atkinson, instructed by Mr. T. H. Smith, Frederick-place, Old Jewry, on behalf of the Patent Paraffin Light Company. The Lord Mayor inquired of Mr. Pearson what had been the result of the inquest. Mr. Pearson said it would appear from the ver dict of the jury; and he proposed that that verdict, as well as the coroner's summing up, should be read, and that afterwards Mr. Tindal Atkinson, who had made a promise to the jury that the suggestions should be carried out, should state what course his clients were prepared to adopt. ThO 'Lcird Mayor agreed with Mr. Pearson that that was the proper course to adopt. The summing up and the verdict were read ac cordingly, the latter being to the effect that the fire was accidental ; but that there had been great ne glect, and an absence of proper precautions, and that Paraffin oil could not be stored in large quantities without danger. Mr. Hubbard then addressed the Lord Mayor. The verdict of the jury, ho said, had placed the Paraffin Company in the position of a party con victed, and called up for judgment before a superior court. The company had accepted the verdict, and it was •_ for the Lord Mayor to say what further steps should be taken. The Lord Mayor thought it better that Mr. At kinson should first state what had been the result of the promise made by him to the jury. Mr. Atkinson said Paraffin oil had recently come into extensive use, as a cheap and brilliantly burn ing oil, and it could not be the wish either of his lordship or the city solicitor to fetter the freedom of trade in any way while it was carried on consis tently with the safety of the public. His client was quite ready to adopt any suggestion that could be made so as to ensure safety in the conduct of his business. The Lord Mayor—Then I will make a suggestion at once which ought to be satisfactory both to him and his neighbours. That is, that he shall only store the oil in small quantities, and shall keep it in a fire proof building. Mr. Atkinson—He has endeavoured to carry out the promise which I gave to the jury, and I believe the largest quantity of oil that has since been on the premises is ten casks. He only intends to carry on his business wholesale, and your lordship can not surely wish to drive such trade entirely out of the city any more than the trade in other articles of an inflammable nature, such as turpentine for instance, for while paraffin does not ignite under 130 degrees, turpentine ignites at 90; and besides paraffin oil' is not at all like naphtha—the material concerned in Lester's case, and which ignites at 62 degrees. Mr. Pearson—l must pretest against your re opening the question, Mr. Atkinson, for if you do I must go into it also. Mr. Atkinson —Then I will only say, that my client is prepared for the future only to keep ten casks of oil on- his premises. Mr. - Pearson--I think I know where the point pinches, and what I am about to say will most likely, and •as is usually the case when ono proposes any thin ~' 'fair to all, be unsatisfactory to both parties. Will Mr. Atkinson undertake that the filling of the cans shall take place in the fire-proof room ? That appears to me to be where the point pinches. Mr. Atkinson—l am afraid that could not be done without a light, and with a light you say there is danger. . . Mr. Pearson —But you might obviate that by using a Davy's Safety lamp. Mr. Smith.--My client wishes to carry on his business as . a wholesale, and I cannot advise him to give up his right to sell as he pleases. The Lord Mayor—l think the suggestion made by the City Solicitor is perfectly fair and reasonable. Mr. Smith—We will try to fall in with it. Mr. Pearson—Then, I will attend at the place whenever Mr: Smith pleases, see what is intended to be done, and report it to your lordship. Mr. Smith—l shall be happy to meet you. The Lord MaYor—lf you accede to the City So licitor's suggestion, never to fill any cans except in the fire-proof room, and if you use a Davy's lamp, then I think-You will have complied with all rea sonable precautions, Mr. Pearson—Then, I will see what they do, and report to your lordship on the subject; and mean while, I presume the matter will stand adjourned. 'Th►e Lord May-or—Yes, let it be so. Mr. Atkinson—Yes, but it must be without pre judice to our rights if any of the inhabitants should take steps to act for themselves. Mr. Pearson—Of course, without prejudice on either side. The proceedings were then adjourned, and the parties quitted the Court after thanking the Lord Mayor for his courtesy. G [Mann ALL.--FRIGHTFUL DEPRAVITY.— Robert Underwood, a respectably dressed man, about 37 year's of age, described as a chemist, re cently in the employ of Mr. Cayley, at 18, Smith field.:bars was brought up b e f ore Ald erman Mechi, and placed in the felon's dock, charged with having violently assaulted a child, 12 years of age, of the name of Mary Bolden, and with having ravished and carnally known her against her will. Mr. Wontner, of 18, Skinner-street, Snowhill, is my duty to attend before you, sir, in a prosecution which has been irltituted by the com mittee of the F i r e i ng d on Gi r l s '' School, and although the inquiry may be attended with circumstances of the most painful character, the committee have thought it right to have the prisoner's conduct thoroughly investigated. It unfortunately happens that there are iwo girls with whom the prisoner has been guilty of the grossest conduct, and that they are both of them over the age which would have rendered the offence one of felony. The pri soner therefore escapes the consequences of the graver criminal charge, which he would otherwise have had to answer, whether the children gave their consent or not. I therefore propose to proceed un der a recent act of Parliament, which enables you to deal summarily with persons guilty of aggra vated assaults upon women or children, The details of the crse arc such that when you have heard them I feel assured. you will say they are sufficient to establish the fact that a moat aggravated assault has been committed upon the complainant, and that the prisoner shall be committed to prison to expiate his fault. Mr. Martin (chief clerk)—Have you had your at tention drawn to the Bishop of Oxford's Act? Mr. Wontncr—Not with regard to this rattier.- lar case. The difficulty of dealing with the case in any other way is that the other child who inveigled the complainant to the prisoner's house is only 12 years of age, and a sort of co-conspirator, and she is not here. Mary Bolden said—My mother is a widow, and I live with her at 16. Fox and Knot-court, King street, Snow-hill. I go to St. Sepulchre's Charity School, where there is another girl, named Emma Knapp. On the 18th of last month she asked me to go with her to a chemist's shop in Smithfield. I consented, and. she took me to Mr. Cayley's, and I saw the prisoner behind the coun ter. Emma Knap took me up stairs, and about five minutes after the prisoner came up and kissed me, and then crossed the room and whispered to Emma Knap, after which he returned and set me upon the table and Emma Knap put the sofa pillow under my head. (Complainant here described the offence.) He told me not to cry, and gave me twopence. I did not give him permission to place me on the table, and when he took me up I kicked my legs about, but did not tell him not to do it. I did not cry out very loud. My mother discovered what had occurred about a week after. Cross-examined—Emma Knap told me she had been in the habit of going to see the prisoner, who used to set her on the table and give her twopence each time. She also told me that he would only set me on the table. She was present all the time I was on the table from first to last. She took up her petticoats and told me to do the same, and I did, and the prisoner then unfastened his dress. When he gave me the twopence I thanked him and went away. I have not been to him since. I did not expect he would do anything more than put me on the table. Mary Ann Bolden said—l am the mother of the complainant, who was 12 years of age on the 27th of June last. She has al ways been a very well con ducted child, and never kept bad company. I dis covered the condition of my child in consequence of observing portions of her dress in a peculiar state, ard, upon questioning her, she told me everything she has now sworn to. Wm. Smith, a City detective officer, said—l appre hended the prisoner in Havelock-steet, Caledonian road, on Sunday afternoon, and when I told him the charge he said the girl was over age. He said he knew Emma Knap. but the name of Mary Bol den was not familiar to him. He said he had left Mr. Cayley's service, and that he was on the point of going to Doddington, in Cambridgeshire, when I met him. Alderman Mechi—How long has he been at Mr. Cayley's ? Smith—l believe about two years, sir. Mr. Charles Mundy said—l am a surgeon in practice at 86, Snow-hill. I examined the com plainant on Thursday evening last, and found she was suffering from a complaint of a certain charac ter, and her person bore evident signs of violation. I examined the prisoner on Saturday evening, but could not find any trace of such a complaint upon him ; but it is quite possible for him to have had such a complaint at the time the offence is said to have taken place. Mr. Wontner said—After this evidence, sir, I submit there is sufficient to satisfy you there was resistance on the part of the girl to justify you in dealing with the case as I h ave suggeste d . Mr. English, of Coleman -street, said—Lcontend that the evidence, on the contrary, is in favour of the girl's consent having been obtained. Ido not come here to defend the prisoner's gross and abominable conduct towards these two girls, or to deny that he has acted towards them in the man ner described, for if he has rendered himself amenable to the law he must take the consequences, and submit to the punishment he deserves, but it must first be shown that he has committed an offence against the law, which must not be twisted out of its course to punish immorality which has not been recognised as a criminal offence. The girl in this case evidently knew the purpose for which Emma Knapp took her to the prisoner, and it was equally clear that she was perfectly willing to earn the twopence in the way it had been stated, for when she received the amount she thanked him, and went away. With regard to the offence alluded to in connexion with Emma Knapp no charge will be made in that case either by her or her friends, for she is not forthcoming ; and Mr. Wontner's observations on that case, therefore, fall to the ground. In conclusion, I must express my utter detestation of the prisoner's disgusting conduct, but at the same time I confidently submit there is no case made out for you to act upon. Alderman Mechi—l quite agree with your ad vocate, prisoner, a s t o hi s op i n i on o f your con d uc t, for he has not attempted to paint you fairer than you are. If the capital offence had been completed I should have sent you for trial, but knowino. what I do of such cases at the Central Criminal Court, I have determined to deal summarily with youunder the act of Parliament suggested. I shall act only upon the evidence before me, totally disregarding the admissions made by your solicitor. I cannot sufficiently express my abhorrence of conduct such as yours, particularly when I consider the awfully demoralising effect it must have upon these poor children. The sentence I intend to pass upon you is, that you be committed to the House of Correc tion for the term of six calendar months with hard labour. (This decision was received with a burst of applause from a verycrowded court, but it was quickly suppressed bythe officials.) Alderman Mechi further said--In conclusion, I must say that the conduct of the committee in taking the case up in the man ner they have, reflects the highest credit upon them. The prisoner was then removed. WRECKS IN BIDEFORD 8.1 Y, During Tuesday night and Wednesday morning this coast was again visited by a gale of the fiercest description, resulting in the wreck of several vessels iu the bay, and the loss, it is considered in the neigh bourhood, of nearly 50 lives. These vessels, two of which have been identified as the Wanderer and Refuge, have been totally wrecked, and the scattered timbers washed on shore at the back of Northam Burrows, not a single soul, it is feared, being saved to tell the tale. One of the vessels, judging from her masts and timbers is evidently a ship of 1,500 tons, requiring at the least 30 hands. On Braunton Sands a brig of 320 tons,called the North Esk, of Sunderland, John Chipp master, was driven ashore about 11 o'clock on Tuesday night ; all hands saved. She left Llanelly on Sunday, for Havre, with a cargo of culm, and soon after met with a gale, which carried away her mainyard, and two hours after both topsails. On Tuesday morning the wind wore round, off Lundy, N.W. by N., when she shipped heavy seas, which washed overboard her boats, compass, and binnacle. At 9 o'clock set foresail, wore ship • at 10, and struck, it was sup posed, on Baggy-leap, and half filled with water; shortly after she ran ashore off the Braunton Bur rows. The crew (six hands) remained in the main top rigging the whole of the night. Soon after daybreak two countrymen observed the vessel, and gave information to the lighthouse keeper. A flag was immediately hoisted from the lighthouse, and a crew of volunteers passed over from Appledore and launched the lifeboat of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution with the utmost despatch. The crew had been since 11 o'clock the previous night in the maintop. The captain assured the reporter that, although he had seen many wrecks, he never witnessed anything more quicley and courageously done than the saving of himself and crew by the lifeboat. The Braunton lifeboat station is in ex cellent order, and reflects much credit on Mr. Chan ter and other gentlemen who act for the National Lifeboat Institution on this coast. [ADVERTISEMENT.] Mr. Benson, Ludgate-hill, has just published a new illustrated pamphlet on watches (free by post for two stamps). It should be read by all who are about buying a watch, as it contains prices and important information as to—What watch to buy! where to buy it I and how to use it! • - [AuvEirrisESuptp.]-llolloway's Ointment and Pills. Appearance-13y the first sight are most things judged, and partiality or prejudice for the object is formed at once. In the human body disease is always pitiable ; but some cuta neous diseases are almo s t re p u l s i ve Wh atever theirnature, duration, or intractability, they are invariably cured by the conjoint use of Holloway's purifying remedies, which, acting an the blood,. ,reach the most distant vessels in the body, thoroughly cleanse them, displacing all disease, and restoring softness and elasticity to the skin, and a perfectly clear and healthy complexion. These inestimable mediCaments are the safest and best preparations extant for cleansing, beautifying, and preserving the skin. They are at all times perfectly harmless, and their purifying effects arc always permanent. [ADvEnnsEmENr.]—lt is with pleasure we notice the daily increase of cures without medicine of indigestion (dyspepsia), flatulency, constipation, nervous, bilious, and liver complaints; cough, asthma, consumption, and debility, by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica. We quote the following :—Cure No. 52,087, Field Marshal Duke of Pluskow, of a gastric inflammation of the stomach. Cure No. 51,614, Baron de Polentz, Prefect of Langenau, of many years' horrible sufferings of the nerves and an obsti nate constipation. Cure No. 48,721, General Baron de Zuluskowski, of many years' fearful disorders of the diges tive function. Cure No. 71, of dyspepsia, from the Right Honourable the Lord Stuart do Decics :—" I have derived considerable benefit from Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines.—Stuart de Dccies." In tins, at ls. 6d. ; lib., 3s. ; 21b., ss. 9d. ; 51b., 125.; 121 b., 265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on re ce ipt o f post . - office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London' Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piccadilly; Abbis, 60, Graccchurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 63, and 150, Oxford street; 330 and. 451, Strand ; 49 a n d 60, Bi shopsgate. street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road. Also at Dublin, Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburg', Raimes and Co.; at Liverpool, Nixon and The w; a t M anchester, Sharp and Scott; at 'York, Raimes, Blanchard, and Co.; at South ampton, Randall and Son. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER—Noy. 5. A short supply of wheat to-day at the corn-exebanffe, and the trade was firm, at about late rates. Eine malting barley scarce, and eagerly taken at the last week's prices. Beans and peas in good demand, and is dearer. Wheat, white 42s to 50s Beans Mazao•an..32s to 314 I red 32s to 42s Middle & :mall 36s to 420 Barley 36s to 468 White peas ...... to i 23 I Oats 2os to 30s Grey.......... 358 to ZiB4 CHELMSFORD—Nov. 4. A fair supply of wheat and barley, and an active blu' i ; ness transacted. Best qualities of wheat were a full pri corn and inferior sorts supp or t e d p rev i ous r ates. springo L. as before. Wheat, white 428 to 53s red 40s to 46s Barley 32s to 40s Chevalier 34s to 44s Grinding 22s to 28s Malt 60s to 66s Chevalier 63s to 68s Oats 24s to 33s Peas, Partridge 383 to 40; White .... 7 ... 38s to 403 Boiling ......336 to 424 Dun .......... 33s to 363 Beans, Tick ....40; to 42; Harrow Ticks 41s to 443 alNlazagan ...... 36s to 333 OXFORD—Nov. 5. A liberal quantity of g ra i n o f a ll ki n ds on offer formerdaYl for which the trade w as excee di ng ly dull at about rates—viz., for white, 44 s t o 50s, red 36s to 46m per q : Barley, 26s to 42s ; oats, 18 s t o 32 5; beans, 35s to,48,18; hog peas, 38s t o 42 s ; b o il ers , 43 s t o 48 s per qr. 1° 32s per sack. Hay, from £3 lOs to £4 Os per ton. DERBY—Nov, 5. rr ada At market yesterday wheat came readily to hand• st was inactive, with no advance on the currencies of 0 : 0 week. Barley in moderate demand, and as dear. tr ifle were sold at late rates. Beans were scarce, and 6 in favour of the sellers. 97 White wheat, new, 44 s to 52 s B ar l e y, gr inding.. -. : to 31 4 to 3°g Red do. 4 os t o 46 3 O a t s , o ld, .. ...... 2 0 27 , Old white s os t o 54 s N ew d o .......... 22i ' l O os Red do. 44s to 48s Beans.. .......... 4 0 g ,„ ....g Barley, malting 388 to 43 a B eans , ne w ...... --4 to NORTHAMPTON--Nov. 5. se lling ;. At this corn-market wh ea t was i n t o l er able supplY l n e w , • at about late rates—prices ranging from 40s to 4Gs fa.r and 43s to 48s per qua r t er f or o bi. There was s• fa ir s low passing in barley, at 33 s t o 40 s p er qr . Oats, with i a d, 440 demand, quoted at 24s to 34 s p er 24 s t o ne. Beans , 0 , 1 65 0 to 48s; new, 31s to 40s. Rye ; —s to ---a; Wa lt, 70s. KIRKALDY—Nov. 5.• We had fair supplies of grai n to-day at rilarkiiertb ll he : ' fair show of new wheat, oats, an d b ar ley. The n e ra in 0 valier barley and new o a t s so ld qu i c kly ; all oh g late rates. i ) Wheat (N). Barley (N). Oats (N . First.... 36s Od 26s Od 6 „, 1 " Second.. 46s Od 34s 6d _27: Od Third 48s Od 36s Od 0 Wheat (0). Barley (0). Oats ( 23 , Od ). First.... 38s Od — s Od. g 6d Second.. 44s Od 28 0 s Od O4 Third .. 47s Od —s Od COAL MAR] (Prices of Coal per Ton at s. d. CET—Nov. 7. the close of tne mar ket') wall , End. 0. ( 1. .15 6 Whitworth ........... 19 9 6 Hetton.... . • • • ...... 18 Eden ............... 16 _ Hilda ... . ......... . 6 6 .. Riddell ........... .16 Heugh Hall ........ .19 9 South Hetton ......... 17 Shineliffe ............ .19 0 Hartlepool.. .... 1: . 19 _ Trimdon Ilartlepoo Braddyll's Hett on ..... 14 0 Russell's Hetton • „. Trimdon Thorn le Y • ' ...15 Peases West ........ . 2 2 Nixon's Dulfryll.. 11'122 6 Powell's DuffrYll St.' . ji Garway and Dui" ,22 6 :Malting!. .......... A, 60—Sold, 28. Byass's Bebside West - Hartley ...14 3 Bowers' West Hartley.ls 6 Buddlo's West Hartleyls 3 Boll's Primrose ......13 6 Davison's West Hart- ley l5 6 Lambert's West Hart ley 15 0 Tanfield Moor 13 6 Brown MoorHighMainls 0 Haswell Gas. l3 3 Burnhope 13 6 Walker Primrose 13 0 Holywell 15 0 Walls End. Acorn Close 18 6 South Hartlepool. 18 6 Ships at mark, FOREIGN MAIL PACKET irs 0 1,4 In the followinz table E signifies that letters are den) _iov, by evening mails from London, and 31 by morning Os by evening mails from London, and 3I by IliOrn.. sle• L - ------- xii .- il DESTINATIONS. Despatch Port of due. 1 0 Australia and Mauritius, via NO. 4 Southampton of 3lails. Nov. 12, 31 Southatnli• . s n p. Ditto, via Marseilles e 2 4 Bahamas and Havana via New NT°. • 8 York Canada, be. (by Canadn. pckt ) Nov. 8, E, Liverpoo l 0 Cape of Good Hope, Ascen- 1 t Dee' N0v.25, E l Liverpool:: e L yerd° sion, and St. Helena Nov 5, E Devonlior rdde China, Penang, and Singa- olfe t 9 pore, via Southamptonl ..• • Nov. 4, M SouthainP. N0f , ,,, 6 Ditto, via Marseilles ,Nov.lo, E ........... ,ef eroo _._____,__-Despatch. ............„... Gibraltar, via Southampton I Nov. 4, 31 SouthigniP• Nov. Honduras and Blewfields 10 India (Calcutta) and Ceylon, eve 1 ~z via Southampton Nov. 4, M SouthaniPO ' S Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via South- Soc. , L i D s b i t o t n o : 13 v r i a a z 3 n l s a , r ß s u e e i 1 1 1 1 ampton o es s Ayres, Nov. E ............ N0v.12, 31 Southai n P SoY• ' 5 Nov' 11 and F. Islands Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto Nov. 7, 31 SouthaMP• de Halts, Egypt, and Aden, via °ver Southampttn Nov.—, 31 SoutbainP* !Nov. , Ditto, via Marseilles United States and British N Nov. 5, Nov. 4, E .... • ....... INof. ' Mexico and Havana Nov.—, 31 SoutliamP• Newfoundland N'ov• 11. • Nod America (by British packet) Nov. 5, E Liverpo. -- Ditto (by U. S. packet) West Coast of Africa, Ma- NO. 9 E Galway.. " 10 deira, and Teneriire Nov. 23 E Liv erpool:. West India, California, Vene zuela, Chili, Peru, Grey- Sof' 16 town, New Granada, be. • . ,_ #ho ~.. ALLEGED PERJURY BY A SURGEON. -- Le peter Or Liverpool Police Court, yesterday (Friday), Air. Peteroiod they, one of the parish surgeons, was brought up olir e . a i in onae harge of having commitiedperjury (Wing trlAfro. the Liverpool Court of Passage. As the prosecutri.i:(?esse. Webber, did not appear, Mr. Mansfield dismissed t.u ° ,„ o ef A DVERTISEMENT.I—ThorIey's Food for Cattle i 8 ni — erf beginning to seriously attract the attention of Cattle „„ffittiat er, and feeder of stock. Two years of wi re " — MO care and attention have enabled its inventor to ill" , at id• ground as a benefactor to these interests ; and notwitlibeLuti4, ing the many drawbacks, the malevolent s hafts , -- ittea against it and its probable utility, the food, from its e ,(ll , l e ' re st. y_u x ue, will become a necessity to the agricultural iltrable saving in the consumption of provender • secondlY, 'to its produces health and vigour in all animals subjected 0 so influence : and lastly, increases in a remarkable de g t his early development of fat. Mr. Thorley, origillat',%iated singularly efficacious food, aimed at a compound caicoice to supersede, to a certain extent, the tedious and ex t bli mode then prevailing of fattenine , stall-fed beasts. liio he happily succeeded ; and success prompted a verY 13 ; sp desire to improve upon the invention, so as to 11121 ; c 8 1 Pg' • pl s icable to every ftl d iel e ias seription of domestic animal. ltsted 311 , i l i n h thet farmer t p e r n o di m ic . unwillingness to rely upon its efficacy, fa.neying he P °s food a ec s aot slow to encourage its use, and ream ,essath andft his thl or addition of artificial food, The tests to which this W c heap tfaarmeheaapmeprlieuitneatrannablys w been subjected have proved its perfect admissibility as . as fis addition to the natural produce of the farm ; inasinueo_ too realised, and rendered marketable in two-thirds of th°,,,,es usually consumed in developing fat ; it, therefore, bee" apparent that a certain saving is effected by of Thorley's Compounded Food. It is believed that the pr eri , unprecedented low price of wheat has induced its verY, f ag of owe r n e i b p y lo t y e dinioe nt ral use, in preference to any other of the at:fs::::tcati:lf: food ; it is, however, much questioned whether Whelaitdif it is not for cows or pigs. Mr. Thorley' nourishing and proper food for the working horse, cefesido S Fod, 1 1 1 ;011 possessing the advantage of greatly inviirorating the tooi° f , materially assists their d . and a increasing the physical power of alr animals, is. a other food gentle stimulant, and when mixed with their . or o f iges iveow e s ,_...t great consequence, since it is rundoubted fact " I consir nourishment contained in theii ordinary food is lost., tio organs uon the impaired or defective action of the ditq c iej ?rgans pit will also be found to be particularly bene,_lo in restoring to good working condition horses which or been over-worked, or become weak from disease, 0,,,r 0 naturally of a feeble constitution: In cows its e ffee ; the undoubted, indeed almost marvellous, nearly doublieqches yield of milk and butter, whilst it at the same lima ex it s till the quality of both. In pigs its fattening qualities er ° g e st more remarkable, displaying i n a few weeks its into. superiority over every other kind feedingo compound T . .,5 5 boo been its marked success, that at all our great ' attle Royalty, nobl ' emen, and others who hay. fed the". c i n al on Thorley's Food, have invariably carried off the pro:W a r d. prizes, whilst cards of commendation have been al ear file t . . r._...a, watt the The patronage of Royalty, of our rinci clergy, and of our leading agriculturists, must P r ' dv oid great inciteme to this gntleman to pursue his °Li' so ( hieing . course • and he • ~,,..,_, , may confidently rely, in pro 1 . s uch msnly-favoured a compound, on 'a contionarw'n ° higb sod 4istinguished patronage. ------- P p rincipal must a a BIRTHS. vs" ac , i the LOXLEY.—On the 7th inst., at Stratford -green) -r-' -- wife of John Loxley, Esq., of a son. Sr. AUDYN.—On the 3d inst., at St. Michaels Want' Cornwall, the Lady Elizabeth St. Aubyn, of a great, Ts . ° WATSON.—On the 6th inst., at 24, Endsleigh-street, t a vistock-square, the wife of James Watson, EA'' daughter. WEST.—On the 6th inst., at Kensin gton Palace, Airs' West, of a son. . ' • MARRIAGES. COURT—SOHLMANN. 0 the sth inst., a s. - - ill d a n s s t o r di c i o e i sm t ß , i rwa t no_pnP:spaEAniLenTkyr:,. I n o' o Church, Piccadilly, — Mr. ll Stephen Court, of 24, Ill i gl i a in William Holborn, of S q. and niece of the late Baronets R L . u_cretia, the only daughter of , - s i r i ir. i n gtO Hove Mincing-lane, and Notting 0... Annie, only daughter of Jobn ll Salter, . sq., of Ilanit s On the 6th in . st., at 1 . 10 15 .hi n , to ' smith. DEATH S. ill Airrta AINGEL—On the sth i ns t at 23, Ainger, Esq., aged 61. Buss. —On th e 2d i nst., at 26 , Eceleston-squAre, iS-11111 wife of Henry Bliss, Q.C. CA ZENOVE.—On the 6thAnst., at New Brigh ton, Henry Cazenov e , E sq ., o f Lcndon, aged 78. (wi fe, COWIE.—On. the 3d inst., at Montrose, Alexanerler Esq., formerly of London. job!' KisirEs.—On the 6th inst., at Penge, Surrey, )fr. Keyes, of 24, Fritb-streep, Soho-square aged s° ' ' s o f NAsn.—On the 4th inst., at Paulton's- , s quare, C lic Thos. Nash, Esq., aged 80. oisr NrcnoLis.—On the sth inst., at Haddiscoeße cgorY, folk, the Rev. G. P. Nicholas, aged 66. ? iigh^3l.' WALLS.—On the 7th inst., at Millfield-lane, rise, William A. Walls, aged 55. L i I LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO x . ..„`" 1 12, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at no Sun Offle e r l Ch o. of qtr . an a, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in 4 0 4°llll bltddleaez, Tuesday, November 8, 1859. 'k