The Sun. — London, England, 1860-08-01 00:00:00

THE NAVY. Vice-Admiral H. W. Bruce, Naval Commander in-Chief at Portsmouth, and Rear-Admiral the Hon. G. Grey, superintendent of the dockyard at that port, accompanied by their respective staffs, yester- day called on the Moorish Ambassador at the George Hotel. His Excellency and suite, accom- panied by Mr. Drummond Hay and Capt. Lynch, after wards proceeded in Admiral Bruce's carriage, attended by Flag-Lieut. L. C. H. Robinson, and re- turned the visit of the two Admirals and also upon Lord, VT. Paulet, C. 8., Lieut.-Governor of Ports mouth. His Excellency afterwards embarked on board the Pigmy steam-tender and steamed up the harbour and on board her Majesty's ship Victory, which saluted his Excellency on leaving with 19 guns, A large party was entertained yesterday evening at Dent's George Hotel by his Excellency. The embarkation of his Excellency and suite on board the Melpomene, 50, screw-frigate, at Spit head, on their return to Morocco was fixed to take place at 10 a.m. to-day. The Tribune, 31, screw, Capt. G. P. Hornby, v /Lose arrival at Spithead from the Pacific was re ported in The Sun of yesterday, has commenced taking out powder and shell at Spithead, and will go into Portsmouth harbour to strip and pay off. The Torch, 6, screw gun-vessel, Commander F. H. Smith, steamed into Portsmouth harbour yesterday from Spithead to make good some slight defects. „;,. The Philomel, 5, screw gun-vessel, was tested officially at the measured mile in Stokes-bay yes terday by the Government officials of Portsmouth Dockyard. She attained an average speed of nearly 11 knots, a result which may be considered satis factory, as she is only of 80-horse power nominal. Her machinery is by Messrs. Napier, of Glasgow, and its working was everything that could be wished for, Messrs. White, of Cowes, were the builders of the vessel. The Pelican, recently launched at Pembroke, is now in the hands of Mr. Paul, master attendant of Devonport Dockyard, and his party of seamen rig gers, who are fitting up jury rigging preparatory to navigating her round to Portsmouth, where she will take her engines on board and be fitted for commission. The following are her principal di mensions :—Length between perpendiculars,lBsft.; length of keel for tonnage, 164 ft. ; breadth extreme, 33ft. 2in. ; breadth for tonnage, 33ft. ; breadth moulded, 32ft. 4in. ; depth of hold, lift. sin. ; burden, 950 tons. The Pelican is pierced for 16 broadside and one pivot gun, and will have engines of 200 horse power. The Tyburnia, hired troop-ship, sailed from Spit- head for Calcutta yesterday morning. His Russian Majesty's screw steam-corvette Rinda, Capt. Popoff, pierced for 42 guns, but carry ing only 6, arrived in Plymouth Sound on Tuesday morning, and at eight o'clock saluted the British flag in the citadel, and the flag of the Port-Admiral, which salutes were duly acknowledged. She is short of hands, having only 150 men, and is from the Amoor and Japan. The Rinda touched at St. Helena and Ascension, and is bound to St. Peters burg. The following appointments.were made yester day at the Admiralty :—" Commander J. H. Cave, to the Styx, vice Commander Vesey, promoted ; C. G. Symons, assist.-surg., to the Cumberland; R. Hogue, assist.-surg., to the Emerald; B. Gregory, assist.-sun g., confirmed in the Amphion ; W. Miller, 3d class assist.-engineer, to the Industry; F. Seaton, master's assistant, to the Gorgon ; and S. L. Need ham, clerk, to the Hawke. TER ARMY. The colonelcy of the 14th Light Dragoons has become vacant by the death of General the Hon. Sir Henry Murray, K.C.8., which gallant officer died on Sunday last at his residence at Wimbledon. He was one of the few surviving Waterloo officers, and had been sixty years in the army, his commis sion as Cornet dating as far back as May, 1800. In 1806-7 the gallant deceased served in Naples, Sicily, and Calabria, and in March, in the last-mentioned year, he accompanied the expedition to Egypt, as aide-de-camp, and was present at the attack on Alexandria, siege and storming of Rosetta, and on every other occasion where our troops were en gaged. He was also in the Walcheren expedition in 1809, and was at the siege and surrender of Flushing. In January, 1813, he went, as Lieute nant-Colonel, with his regiment, the 18th Hussars, to the Peninsula, and was present at the crossing of the Eslar, and commanded the regiment in sup port of the 10th Hussars at the action of Morales de Toro. The deceased served in the campaign of 1815 in command of his regiment, which was in the Gth Brigade of Cavalry, under the command of Major-General Sir Henry Vivian. He commanded the rear regiment of the column in the retreat the day after the battle of Quatre Bras, and at Water oo took part in the brilliant charge of his brigade at the conclusion of the action. For his services at Waterloo he was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath, and on the 18th of May last was made a Knight Commander of that most honourable order of knighthood. On the 18th of March, 1853, he was appointed Colonel of the 14th (the King's) Regiment of Light Dragoons. Yesterday morning a full parade of the whole of the officers and men of the Chatham Division of Royal Marine Light Infantry took place on the barrack parade ground, on the occasion of the promulgation of the finding and sentences passed by the general courts-martial which recently assembled at the 11val Marine Bar racks, under under the presidency of Colonel T. C. Ainore, for the trial of two men of incorrigible character, named Patri c k W as hi ng t on an d J o h n Hogan; for the grossest acts of insubordination. The charges on which the prisoner Washington was tried were for having struck Sergeant Julius Bur ton while in the execution of his duty ; for having subsequently threatened to " do" for that non-com missioned officer, and for having, when taken out of the cells where he had been confined, hurled a heavy stone at him ; and when before the comman dant, having threatened to murder the sergeant, re marking that he " could not sleep nor die happy until he had taken his life, as it was a pity he should live any longer." During the time the pri soner has been in the corps his conduct has been exceedingly bad, and altogether he is a man of most depraved character. The Court found him guilty of all the charges, and sentenced him to be kept in penal servitude for life. The prisoner John Hogan was tried for having attempted to go out of bar racks after tattoo without leave ; for refusing to undress for medical inspection at Melville Hospital; for behaving in a disrespectful manner to the field officer in not taking off his cap; and for having, when taken before Col. Rea, the Commandant, threatened to run his bayonet through that officer. The prisoner, who has only been a comparatively short time in the service, bears a bad character. The Court found him guilty, and sentenced him to be kept in penal servitude for 21 years. After the sentences had been read both prisoners were handed over to the custody of a strong escort, and removed to Miilbank convict establishment. MONTHLY MILITARY OBITUARY. General—John Maenzie. Lieutenant-General—Arthur W. M. Lord Sandy, Col. 2 Drs.; Sir Geo. Judd Harding, K.C.8., Col. e r ,"lra. Royal Engineers ; Thomas James Wemyss, C 01.17 F. l ilior-Generals—Henry Richard Wright, r f p Royal Artillery ;• Daniel Bolton, from Royal Engi neers; Ga...dfue.y._ ClLarles Mundy, Lieutenant-Go vernor of J ersty. Lieutenant -Colon al—Collingwood Fenwick, 75th Foot. Ch Major—Hugh Irs)rgan, r f p R oyal Art i llery, eltenham. Captains—John Canavan' 18th Foot ; William F. Lindsay, Carnegie, It P pupalim Regiment, Artillery ; Peter 0,9 t h Robert Foot; Powell, h. p 2d Wes t India R , eg Li en tenants—('he rles Thomas Cte John Bruen It u tledtge, 34th Foot; 0 James Alfred Colebrooke, 83 d Foot; William Davis, 1 2d Bth * West India Regim ant ; Th omas Dill on , r f Veteran Battalion; John Newton, h p 15th Dra goons ; John O'Re;lly, h p 11th Foot ; Daniel Gruober, li p 39th I kot; William Howard Gilman, h p Royal Artillery Driver; Charles Lennox Dick son, Unattached ; Otto Schaumann, h p 6th Line Battalion King's German Legion. Cornet—Joseph Sefton, 12th Dragoons. Ensign—Frank F. Perceval, Military Train. P a ymaster—A. M'Donald, 6th Foot. Deputy-Assistant Commissary-General--JohnGeorge Eyl, h p. Surgeon—Edward Booth, 73d Foot. Assistant-Surgeons—Harry Reid, M.D., 75th Foot ; J. Gorman, Staff. Veterinary Surgeon—Joseph Ball, Roya 1 Ar tillery. HOW WE DRESS OUR TROOPS IN TILE TROPICS. A writer in a contemporary says :—Govern meat has done wonders of late years in imprceving the condition of our army ; it possesses no truer friends than the Duke of Cambridge and Mr. Sidney Her bert. Model kitchens and bakeries, ventilated rooms, first-class schoolmasters, libraries, games, out-door and is -door, all testify to the fact ; and when our soldiers fail to reap the advantage of all these reforms (as is too often the' case in far off stations) the blame rests with supine commanding officers and indolent engineers. But the dress of our soldiers in tropical climates cries aloud for reform. Regiments are sent to Ceylon or Mauritius for 10 years, or West India for tt tree or four, and there, under a burning sun, maybe seen the British soldier marching up and down on. sentry, or lying exhausted in his guard room, dressed in the thick red broadcloth tunic lined with serge, the hard leather stock, that intolerable shako, precisely the same as at Aldershott on a cold winter day. If, cool reader, you seek a new sensation, or wish to realise the fact, heat up your own room to 85 deg., put on Private Smith's regimentals, belts, and shako, wear them for 24 hours, and see how you feel after it. Bear in mind that such may be Private Smith's fate every third or fourth day for 10 years, or till, worn out in health, he dies, or is invalided home. It is hardly credible, with such a large por tion of our troops constantly suffering from, and enduring patiently, all the necessary discomforts and evils of tropical climates, that to those should ' be wantonly added a dress well adapted perhaps to our northern region, but a cruelty and torture when worn within 10 or 15 degrees of the Line. Is discomfort in dress necessary to discipline ? Com mon sense laughs at it, humanity cries out against it ; but if the voice of common sense and humanity are to be silenced by " regulation," perhaps that of " eoonomy" may be listened to. Ask any medical officer of experience if the exhaustion produced by constant sweating in heavy, close fitting garments does not debilitate the system, render it more liable to disease and less able to fight against it when contracted : is it wise, then, in a mercantile sense to stew our soldiers and then send them home as invalids ? Will any one favour me with the argu ments for the present system ? I know of but one, and that is its beautiful simplicity—like the salt pork and biscuit in the Crimea—so many thousand men, so many thousand red-coats, shakos, &c., and the work is done ; a change would necessitate half worn clothing stored, perhaps damaged and re issued—" No end of trouble and confusion," as the alarmed clothing clerk would exclaim; but is his small voice to be heard before that of our suffering soldier ? I have avoided including India in my list of tropical stations, as I hear of great reforms in re gard to dress carried out by Lord Clyde, " carkee" recognised, and shakos all swept into the sea with one stroke of his pen. But, if abolished in India, why, pray, retained in the West Indies and elsewhere ? Having now stated what our dress in the tropics is, I would ask leave to say what in my opinion it ought to be; for the present tunic, trousers, stock, and greatcoat I would substitute a blouse of a light, but strong material, two pairs of trousers of the same stuff, a black necktie, aril a loose over coat to be worn with or without the blouse. The cut should be loose and liberal, the colour of dark shade. The whole appearance that of a local and temporary arrangement, rendered necessary by the climate, rather than a picturesque or martial and imposing uniform. The material selected is all important ; it must wash well, be strong and dur able, not liable, like flannel, to be cut by belts ; cool and light, but with enough wool to prevent a check to perspiration by a sudden fall of 10 degrees in the thermometer; such stuff, in short, as an ex• perienced traveller would choose when about to start on a summer pedestrian tour in the south of Europe. THE VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT. A corps of Artillery Volunteers has been formed at Blyth, Northumberland, under the name of the 3d Northumberland Volunteer Artillery. The first drill of the company took place on Saturday even ing last, in the Centre-hall at Blyth, a drill-ser geant having been temporarily engaged until the arrival of the officer appointed by the War autho rities ; and on Monday evening a meeting was to be held for the election of officers. The ground chosen for the practice with great guns is the Sands, which are three miles in length, and have been approved by the War-office. THE IMPORTANCE OF DRILL. Discipline is the very essence of a soldier's life, be he of the civil or military arm of the service. Of what, then, does discipline consist ? Of two essen tials—the one undeviating obedience, the other a perfect acquaintance in all the routine of military drill. A soldier cannot be a self-creation no more than an untutored youth can blindly rush to the bar and hope to plead successfully against the astute advocates of years of undeviating labour — no more than the reckless unscrupulous convict can stand up in the market-place and preach Heaven's truths to an attentive and devoted congregation — no more than the timid man seek with nerveless arm to meet the lion of the forest in some wild hun ter's caravan. A soldier's calling, like all other's, has its essential studies and preliminary grounding. Proficiency in the use of the rifle, though a necessary element in his career, makes not the soldier by pro fession, as the sudden arrival at man's estate makes not the manly effigy intended by creation. A man may prove a crack shot, but he does not on that account alone become a good rifleman. Without drill, thorough hard going drill, the best shot cannot hope to be of service to his country in the hour of need, or ensure safety for himself in the presence of the foe. The volunteers must be care ful not to fall into the grave error of running before they can walk, to aim at proficiency in the use of the rifle before they know its powers in com bination with masses, and understand its use in the presence of a determined enemy. Par above supe riority in shooting, do we consider superiority in drill; and we have no hesitation in• saying that a thoroughly drilled body of men, well up in the use and practice of the rifle, though never having fired a shot, would be far worthier of dependence in the day of battle than an ill-drilled, and consequently disorganised mass of the best shots. Volunteers, learn your drill; be perfect in that, and proficiency in the use of the national weapon will naturally follow. We are glad to see that this point is at tracting attention, and had much pleasure the other day in noticing a meeting of the Warwickshire Rifles at Wyddrington, near Birmingham, the seat of Capt. Ratcliff, the commandant of the corps. The object of the gathering will be seen by the following extract from a printed circular issued to the members of the corps :—" The adjutant will be provided with a complete roll book of the company, and will insert marks from his own observation. The proceedings will commence with company drill, to be followed by manual, platoon, and posi tion drill. Every member should be prepared to answer such questions as may be put to him in re ference to any of the foregoing subjects. Each member will have to give full instructions as to the method of piling arms ; also, as to distance of step in slow, quick, and double time; in stepping out or stepping short; bugle call drill, and also skirmish ing. A prize for regular attendance at drill since April 12th will be given. An extra prize will also be adjudged to the sergeants for proficiency in the discharge of their duties as non-commissioned officers." This is a new feature in the movement, and one which its well-wishers should favourably consider and adopt. Great praise is due to Capt. Ratcliff, the promoter and giver of the prizes, who certainly exhibits his fitness to command, and that in this instance at least he is the right man in the right place. EXECUTION OF HICKS, TIIE PIRATE.—A hitter dated New York, July 18, says :—The execution of the pirate Hicks, on Bedloe's Island, in New York harbour, took place last Friday. A steamer, containing the con demned prisoner, the officers of the law, and about 600 passengers with free tickets, first took a sort of pleasure ex cursion in the vicinity of the Great Eastern, and then landed the victim, whose hanging was witnessed by thou sands who were combining aquatic sports with the gratifi cation of their curiosity. [ADN'ExTfsEnENT.3 Pills and medicine invariably ag ravate and perpetuate diseases; Vieir annoyance, dis appointment, and expense may be avoided by persons in indifferent health sending only their address to E. S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street, 'V., London, and they will receive gratis and free by post the " INVALIDS' OWN GUIDE," or Natural Restorer, without medicine or ex pense, of perfect digestion, strong nerves. sound lungs, and refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removal of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints, nausea, epilepsy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitation, cough, asthma, emsumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrhoea, dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throws, Catarrhs, colds, noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, I s tt_t_t_, ,,, koarthurn, headache, despondency, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpi tation, eat ea i 5: 11 1 . !,t,5, bronchitis.—" Unquestionably the safest Guide cramps, spasms, - "__ ~.~' THE' • SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY", iEVENING, AUGUST 1, 1860. Z:f'.RIGHTFUL ACCIDENT ON TILE BLACKWALL RAILWAY-. An accident of a truly terrible character occurred ;esterday morning, near the Haydon-square junc- tion of the Blackwall Railway, which produced much excitement in the City, and occasioned the greatest inconvenience, the whole of the traffic in and out of the Fenchurch-street Terminus being stopped most part of the day. The train which met with the accident was one from the North London line, due at Fenchurch street at 9.25. It was rather a long one, having brought up from Kew several carriages required for City excursion traffic, and was drawn by a North London engine, No. 20. After leaving Step ney, the train proceeded towards Fenchurch-street at the usual speed, and passed safely over the line until it arrived in front of the semaphore signal at the south side of the line, some few yards from the Haydon-square junction, when, all of a sudden, the engine left the metals and took a slanting course towards a pods siding, and after traversing about twenty yards turned sharply round over the up and down lines and then rolled over on its side, Two composite carriages which were next to the engine, the break being in the third, instantly mounted the prostrate locomotive, and the the remainder of the carriages in the train, as we were informed, were thrown off the line, stove, and crushed in a confused state. There were between 300 and 400 passengers in the train, and the kind of panic that followed on discovering the fearful character of the accident added much to the alarm and confusion which prevailed. As soon as they had somewhat recovered from their fright, inquiries were made after the fate of the engine-driver and stoker. Happily, both these men were found to have escaped. They had sprung off from the engine as it swung round and fell over, and, beyond some bruises, they were unhurt. The position of the occupants of the two carriages which had mounted on the top of the engine, which was send ing forth volumes of steam, excited the most serious apprehensions. Miraculous to state, when extri cated, not one was found to have sustained any injury with the exception of being bruised, and a necessarily great shock to the system. While these measures were being taken to release the passen gers, another accident was nigh occurring. As before stated, the North London engine lay com pletely across the main lines, including that of the Tilbury, North Woolwich, &c. The North London train had passed an up Tilbury train about half a mile down the line, and when the accident occurred the Tilbury had approached within a short distance of the spot, and, as the writer was informed, the driver had the greatest difficulty in bringing his train to a halt without Coming upon the prostrate engine. It may also be noticed that a down excur sion train with nearly 1,000 passengers had scarcely passed the spot a minute before the engine rolled on the rails on which it was proceeding. Speedily after the Tilbury train came others from the North London, North Woolwich, Blackwall, and Wood ford lines, which were obliged to disgorge their multitude of passengers on the line, which became much crowded, and, as a consequence, considerable excitement prevailed. Very shortly after the accident occurred the officials of the Blackwall Railway Company, Messrs. Wightman (the mana gers), Mr. Logan (the superintendent), and Mr. Louth (the superintendent of the Tilbury line), arrived with a large staff of the company's ser vants, and vigorous efforts were immediately made to clear the obstruction. Other aid came from the North London Company, with Mr. Adams, the lo comotive superintendent, and Mr. Chambers, of the Bow works ; but with all their united exertions, assisted by several engines, it was some hours ere the lines could be cleared. During these hours the scene at the Fenchurch-street Station was some what bewildering. It was besieged by thousands of excursionists for Gravesend, Southend, Rams gate, Margate, and other Places, and as a train could not leave the station, the inconvenience and disappointment, as may be imagined, was most trying. Almost a similar scene was witnessed at the Bow Station, where the passengers by the North London, for the same pleasure trains, were detained, unable to proceed on their tour, and, after waiting several hours, had to return to their respective homes. As regards the cause of the accident, the writer experienced much difficulty in eliciting the facts, owing in a great measure to the indifference of the company's officers to furnish information ; indeed, so anxious were they apparently to prevent any thing been known as to what had led to the acci dent, that Mr. Louth, one of the company's super intendents, directed an inspector to follow the re , porter and to warn the servants of the company not, to furnish him with any information. From another source we learn, however, that the Black wall Railway Company attribute the accident to some default or action of the engine, which caused it to leave the rails. On the other hand, the North London Company allege that it arose from the carelessness of one of the Black wall Railway Company's servants in leaving open the switch points facing the Hay don-square junc tion ; and this is confirmed by the driver of the en gine, who represents, it is stated, that he saw that the points were open just before he got to the spot, and endeavoured to bring up the engine by shut ting off his steam and applying the break, but the rate the train was travelling rendered it impossible. It may be considered most providential that the en gine took the course it did in turning round over on to the rails. Had it kept the track it took on first leaving the metals, it must have gone over the viaduct into the street below. As this is the second instance of an engine leaving the Blackwall line within the last few days, doubtless the Board of Trade will institute a searching investigation: THE COMMERCIAL TIZBA TE Health and freedom are two blessings which it is said no man thoroughly appreciates till he has lost them. Will Mr. Gladstone forgive us If we make an application of these homely maxims to the pre sent condition of English trade and finance ? About six months ago we were in a financial condition Which, if not everything which could be desired, was yet in the main sound and satisfactory. We had a large revenue, and we had the power of in creasing it at will by taxes as little odious as taxes can well be. We were masters of our own affairs, and no foreign nation or poten tate had a right to dictate our policy, or' con, trol or interfere with our commerce. The doe. trines of Free Trade we held in all their strict• ness untouched and untampered with, just as we had received them out of the searching alembic of the Corn Law controversy, We had succeeded to an extent which no nation had ever reached before in separating our Government from all responsibility for the good or bad state of trade, and had entirely disavowed the principle of mixing up politics with finance, of raising our du ties to exclude rival producers, or of lowering them to conciliate powerful neighbours. It is good for us to look back upon this state of things if we would estimate at its full value the effects of the change we have since undergone. We are no longer what we were ; we can no longer boast with truth that we are masters in our own house, that we can regu late our own affairs as we will, that each English man holds his destiny in his own hards, absolutely depending on his own skill and industry, and above all things, entirely free from the control either of his own or any foreign Government. These boasts were true once, but they are true no longer. If we have not returned to Protection, we have returned at least to a good deal of the animus and spirit of Protectionism. Our commerce, which once was free, we have made the subject of huckstering ne gotiation, and of a negotiation in which we were sure to get the worst. When two countries enter into a Treaty of Comm,....ce the concessions which the one makes are the eonsideraticn given for the concessions made by the other. In proportion as the eountry has much to give it will receive much; in proportion as the country has little to give it will receive little. This of itself is a conclusive reason why a country which has long acted on the liberal maxims of political economy should forbear from entering into a Commercial Treaty with a country which has always repudiated these max ims. Its very liberality has made it poor—poor in the medium by which its exchange is carried on— the abandonment of vexatious and unreasonable duties on the imports of other nations. The maxim "Prodigus et stultus donat quw spemit of odit" applies very well to a nation which is surrendering duties which it considers as evils in exchange for duties which its antagonist considers as benefits. If we were able to do without our very heavy wine duties, we ought, for our own sakes, to have abandoned them, whether France was dis posed to meet us in the same spirit or not. If we required the money for the purposes of revenue, we ought not to have sacrificed it, what ever concessions France was willing to make in return. When we have already for our guidance a set of well-ascertained principles, in themselves perfectly adequate and sufficient to guide our con duct, we ought to direct ourselves by those prin ciples, and not make them the subjects of negotia tion. Negotiation is proper to things in tbeir own nature indifferent; but the truths of science are no more fitting subjects for international compact than the dictates of morality. So our political economists have taught us, and we have had enough experience of the truth and profit of their teaching to make us cautious of running counter to the principles of a science which has approved itself not less on abstract than on practical grounds. But we have chosen to be wise after the wisdom of Mr. Gladstone, which is wisdom of another fashion from that of Adam Smith, Rioardo, and Mill. We have fancied that it was po ss ibl e for us to gain a double advantage, and while relieving our own consumers to do something in the way of striking a good bargain for our own producers. The French Treaty was made almost before it was an nounced to the public. Every warning that we could utter—and we were prodigal of warnings— was unheeded. It was to usher in an era of uni versal peace, which has been well illustrated by the necessity under which we feel ourselves of spending £12,000,000 more in order to protect ourselves from the very country with regard to which this Treaty was to replace the necessity of armaments. We require money for the war in China, and we are driven to the unsound expedient of borrowing from the balance which stands to our credit for tho coming year, because we have lowered the taxes which would have made such an anticipation of our resources unnecessary. We have reduced indirect taxation to a point which threatens to overthrow the balance of our financial system and materially to crippleour resources by throwing any future expenditure which we may require to make upon the rich, and to put it in the power of the poor to impose taxes which they do not pay. _ln these critical times a tax that is paid without any great difficulty is something more than a means of collecting national wealth for the State ; it is national wealth itself. These things are so well understood now, and so critically analysed, that it is very difficult to impose a tax which has not in its favor long prescription and implicit submission. In every indirect tax which we lose we part with a weapon of defence which we cannot replace. Nor is this all. We had hoped that by leaving commerce free we had delivered our Government from the complaints of men who are only too ready to lay upon any one but themselves the blame of their own improvident speculations or the results of misfortune or accident. But any one who glances over a Trade Report now will see that the tone with which these matters are regarded has recently undergone a change. Commercial Circulars are full of complaints of the slackness of trade, which are pointed generally at the French Treaty as the cause of the disturbance of the markets. Oar mer chants have undergone the degradation of under taking journeys to Paris to petition for favourable treatment at the hands of the Executive of a foreign nation. These journeys have only t oo often been made in vain. The French Government has taken back in detail what it conceded in the gross. We have given all that we could give, and they with hold all that they are able to withhold. Even now an important branch of our manufacture is trembling for its very existence, its raw material smitten by France with an absolute prohibition, and the duty which countervails this just exclusion on the very point of being removed. But it is pretended that Parliament cannot freely discuss this gross injustice because it is precluded by the Treaty from apply ing any remedy, at least as far as France is con cerned. We believe that this construction of the Treaty cannot be maintained for a moment ; but the mere fact that such an argument should be adduced shows how much freedom in dealing with purely English interests we have surrendered. Surely, when we consider these things, we are justified in looking back with no little regret to the position which we occupied some seven months ago, when if we were excluded from the commerce of France we, at any rate, thoroughly knew and appreciated our own position, when we had no uncertainties or ambiguities to perplex us, when we had at least the confidence we were giving effect in our prac tice to the soundest principles of Free-trade, and when, if we received little favour from France, we had, at any rate, the comfort that we had asked for nothing, when we were masters of our own finance, and were freed from all those fetters and anxieties in which we have since so unadvisedly entangled ourselves ?-2imes. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—To the hectic, the consumptive, the dyspeptic, the emaciated, and the debilitated, Du Barry's delicious health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food restores sound lungs, perfect digestion, refreshing sleep, and nerv ous and muscular energy, without any of the uncertainties, purging, and ruinous expenses incurred by medicines, cod liver oil, or visits to distant climates. Cure No. 39,618 — Dr. Wurtzer, of consumption. Cure No. 54,812—Miss Virginia Zeguers, cured of consumption, aft er h er m edical advisers had abandoned all hopes of recovery. Cure No. 3,9o6—Thirteen years' cough, indigestion, and general de bility, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent food; James Porter, Athol-street, Perth. Cure No. 46,270—Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of thirty years' dis eased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness. Cure No. 52.087—Field Marshal Duke 1 of . Pluskow, of a gastric inflammation of the stomach. Avoid Pills and Medicines : they invariably aggravate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, disappointment, and expense may be avoided by using Du Barry's Fcod which, at a few pence per day, saves 50 times its cost in other remedies, removing effectually, without purging, constipation, indigestion (dyspepsia) nervous, bilious and liver complaints and all their consequences. Certificate No. 36,418. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew MD., PALS., Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer, Dr. Shorlaud, Dr. Campell. Let invalids avoid the fearful dangers of spu rious and injurious imitations offered under a variety of false pretences. Nevill's imitations are prohibited by the high Court of Chancery under a penalty of £5,000 against Allred 11-oper Nevill and his agents; and the pretences that Nevill has a patent for Arabica Food and that Du Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly false. No canister is genuine without the name Barry Da Barry and Co-, 77, Rc , ent-stroet, in full, ontheseal and wrapper. Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in one article must expect to be distrusted in all others. Packed in tins lib. 2s. 9d.; 21b. 4s, Gd. ; 510. lie.; 121 b. 225. ; 241 b. 40s. The 121 b. and 241 b. canisters are sent carriage free on receipt of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Re gent-street, London ; Fortnum Mason, and Co. ; Abbis, 60, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside; 63 and 150, Ox ford-street; 330 and 4.51 Strand ; 49 and GO, Bishopmgate street ; Batty, 16, Fi ns bury Pavement ; Phillips and Co, tea-dealers; Petty, 'Wood, and Co., Icing William-street, City ; at 127, High nolborn; and all grocers. ASSIZE INTELLIGEN HOME CIRCUIT.--MAIDSTONE, July 31. CROWN SIDE. Mr. Edwin James, Q.C., has been trying prisoners to-day in the Thira Court, and this will materially expedite the business cf the assize. It is_expected that the criminal business wilt be concluded to-day, and Mr. Justice Blackburn will then take the com mon cases in their order. (Before Mr. Justice Blackburn.) John Clark, 41, was charged with forging an order for the delivery of goods and money, with intend to defraud. Mr. Russell prosecuted; Mr. Ribton was counse . for the prisoner. It appeared from the evidence that the prisoner had been for many years in the army, and that he was discharged with an exceedingly good character and a pension of 2s. a day. I-le subsequently ob tained a situation as warder at the Chatham con vict prison, and the offence imputed to him was committed while he was holding that office. It seemed that among the prisoners was a man named Jackson, who had been sentenced to penal servitude for felony, and whose wife resided at Carmarthen, and it was alleged that the prisoner, being acquainted with this fact, had written a letter to the wife in the name of her husband, requesting her to send him two sovereigns and half a pound of cavendish tobacco in a parcel addressed to some person at Chatham, and the letter also stated that if the money was sent it would enable him to obtain many comforts in the prison which he would otherwise be deprived of. The poor woman, it appeared, was unable to raise the required amount, but she sent ss. The matter, however, came to the knowledge of the governor of the prison, and the prisoner was at once discharged from his office of warder, and sub sequently committed fo r t r i a l upon the present charge. Mr. Ribton made a very energetic address to the jury on behalf of the prisoner, and especially urged upon them his good character and long service in the army as gitunds for disbelieving that he would be guilty of such an offence as the one imputed to him. He also contended that the probability was the prisoner might have intended to serve the con vict Jackson, and that, although in doing so he liad undoubtedly infringed the gaol regulations, he had been sufficiently punished by the loss of his ap pointment. The jury, after considerable deliberation, returned a verdict of Not Guilty. (Before Mr. James, Q.C..) Walter Dunn, 28, and George Barrett, 26, two soldiers, were charged with stealing a watch and chain, the property of Charles Saunders. Mr. F. J. Smith conducted the prosecution. It appeared that the prosecutor was a sergeant in the 53d Regiment, stationed at Chatham, and the prisoners are both privates in the same regi ment. On the 6th of July the sergeant went out to attend parade, leaving a watch and chain in a knap sack in his room, and upon his return he found that the watch and chain had been stolen. The prisoner Barrett had access to the room, and it appeared that on the same afternoon the watch was stolen the two prisoners went to a publichouse called the Royal Oak, at Chatham, and Barrett sold the watch to Mr. Hughes, the landlord, for 10s., and when he gave him the money the other prisoner (Dunn) said to him, " Come, let's have none of your nonsense ; let me have my share ;" and Barrett then gave him ss. Mr. James told the witness Hughes that he had acted very improperly in purchasing such articles of two soldiers. The facility of getting rid of stolen property was very likely to encourage them to rob their officers and other persons, and he advised him to be cautious in future, or he would get into trouble, and he said that on the present occasion h• should certainly not allow him his expenses. The jury returned a verdict of guilty. Mr. Smith informed the Court that there was a second indictment against the prisoner Dunn for another robbery, committed on the same day as the former one. He was likewise charged with com mitting a most violent assault upon one of the county constabulary, named Jobling, at the time of his taking him into custody. He had also, it appeared, very recently been sentenced to six weeks' imprisonment for picking pockets. Mr. James, in passing sentence, said that he had tried eight or nine prisoners, and the greater por tion of them were soldiers in the Queen's service and receiving her pay, and it was really disgrace ful to find men in this position guilty of such offences, and it was absolutely necessary that they should be punished with severity. He then ordered Barrett to be kept to hard labour for 18 months, and Dunn to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for three months upon the first indictment, and to undergo penal servitude for three years upon the other. Mr. Smith said he was informed by Mr. Everest, the superintendent of police stationed at Chatham, that the constable, Jobling, was severely injured in apprehending Dunn, who made a violent resistance, and in the course of the struggle broke two of the constable's fingers. He therefore applied to the Court to exercise the power given by the statute of o:idering the constable to receive a reward. Mr. James said he thought it was a case in which this should be done, and he directed that the con stable should receive a gratuity of £5. OXFORD CIRCUIT.-SHREWSBURY, July 3 CROWN COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Hill.) Andrew H. Corder, 27, labourer, was charged with feloniously forging a receipt to a Post-office money order for £2, with intent to defraud, on the 6th of February, 1860, at Bridgnorth. Mr. W. H. Cooke prosecuted ; Mr. Cook Evans defended the prisoner. It appeared that on the 6th of February, 1860, a money order for £2, signed " Joseph Chandler," was presented at the post-office, Bridgnorth ; and as an advice had been received from Tunbridge for the payment of such a sum to " Joseph Chandler," the money was paid, but the person who paid it could not say to whom she paid it, whether man or woman. A Mr. Rodgers, of Tunbridge, said he sent the order in question, addressed to his brother-in law, Joseph Chandler, who lived at Bridgnorth, in answer to a letter of the 31st January, which pur ported to come from his brother-in-law, and requested that the money order might be sent to him at No. 15, Waterside, Bridgnorth. He received no acknow ledgment of the order, and wrote two other letters to the same address, and then received a letter with out a date, in the same handwriting, and signed " Joseph Chandler," acknowledging the receipt of the money order and two letters, and promising to repay the money. He also received another letter, dated the 3d of March, to the same pur port. In order to connect the prisoner * with the forgery, some evidence was given by a young lady, of the Plough, at Ludlow, who said she thought the letters were prisoner's handwriting, and also that the letters " Jos" in the signature to the receipt were very like his; and Joseph Chandler gave similar evidence. Chandler also stated that he lived at Whitbourne-place, Bridg north, and last Christmas he employed the prisoner who worked for him and lived in his house, to write a letter to his brother-in-law, Mr. Rogers, of Tun bridge, which letter Rogers swore he never received. A man named Cookson, who worked with prisoner, swore that in the early part of the year the pri soner told him that a letter Was coming for him, addressed to " Joseph Chandler, No. 15, Water side, Bridgnorth," and that three letters did come to him so addressed, and that he gave all three let ters to the prisoner. On March 25th the prisoner had been employed by Chandler to write a letter to Mr. Rogers to say he was coming to attend his mother's funeral, and when Chandler came back from that visit he found that the prisoner had left his service without notice, and had come to Shrews bury, where he was taken into custody on the 31st of March. Mr. C. Evans addressed the jury for the prisoner, and contended that there was no evidence of utter ing., and that the forgery was not proved, unless the jury believed the evidence of Cookson, which he Qontended was contradicted by a portion of Chandler's evidence. The jury found the prisoner guilty, and a previ ous conviction for lwceny in 1853 was proved against him. Mr. Justice Hill said he had great doubt whether he ought not to sentence the prisoner to penal ser vitude; but in the hope that he would take warn ing, his lordship sentenced him to one year's im prisonment with hard labour. (Before Mr. Justice Ryles.) Win. Brindley, enginedriver, surrendered to take his trial upon a charge of manslaughter, in causing the death of John Jones on May 2, 1860. Mr. Boughey and Mr. H. James prosecuted, and Mr. P. M'Mahon defended the prisoner. The prisoner was an enginedriver in the em ploy of the London and North-Western Rail way Compatay, and the charge against him was that he had caused the death of the deceased by his gross negligence in not attending to a danger signal and stopping the train which he was driving on the morninir of the 2d of May last. It appeared I that on the day in question the prisoner was the driver of a passenger train, which left Shrewsbury for Crewe rat 6 45 a.m., and ought to have arrived at the Whitworth station, en the Crewe line, at 7 30. At 7 15 on that morning a goods train from Crewe to Shrewsbury reached Whitworth, and, it being a single line only, the dth . 4. of the goods train ought to have e ased from the main lin e on t o a siding, t o a ll ow the' passenger train to pass ; but, instead of doing that, he remained on the line for some minutes. The porter in charge of the siguals at Whitworth station put up the danger signal, in pursuance of which the prisoner should have stopped his train, but; he seems to h ave t a k en no no ti ce o f an auxiliary signal which was about 1 ,700 yards from the station. The result was that the passen ger train ran into the goods train and killed the deceased, who was guard of the passenger train. Mr. M'Mahon addressed the jury for the prisoner, but the jury found him guilty, with a strong re commendation to mercy on account of his good character. Mr, Justice Byles sentenced the prisoner to one year's imprisonment. Robt. Harrison, 22, puddler, and Henry Williams, 22, puddler, surrendered to take their trial upon a charge that they, with another unknown, on the night of the 16th of June, 1860, armed with offen sive weapons (to wit, stones), entered certain lands belonging to Lord Forester, in the borough of Wenlock, for the purpose of taking game there. In a second count the land was alleged to ba in the occupation of a Mr. Pitts. Boughey conducted the prosecution; Mr.W. J. Neale defended the prisoners. It appeared that on the night in question two keepers were out watching game in the extra-paro chial place called liosenhill, in the borough of Wenlock, and saw three men in a field called the Hare Lesowe, and attempted to take them into custody. The men resisted and threw stones at the keepers. The keepers shot two dogs which the poachers had with them, and ultimately secured two of the men—the two prisoners. On the ground there were several nets found, of which two were set in the hedge, and there was also a bag with a hare in it. One of the keepers picked up a stone, which he said had been thrown at him; and, after the prisoners were given into custody they returned to the ground and picked ;up several more stones, which they said were the stones which the prisoners had thrown at them. They added that the land had just been rolled, and there were no such stones on the land. Both the keepers now swore most dis tinctly that the prisoners took the stones from their pocket ; and on cross-examination they adhered to . the statement, and swore th at t h ey h a d g i ven t h e same evidence before the magistrates. The deposi tions were then read, from which it appeared that no such evidence was taken down by the clerk. Mr. Justice Byles said that in his charge to the grand jury he had pointed out a defect which ap peared in the case—viz., that it did not appear that the prisoners were armed with the stones when they entered upon the land, and now both the witnesses made up for the defect. Both the witnesses were strictly examined on this point, and the solicitor for the prosecution, a gentleman of great respectability, said he had not had any communication with the witnesses on the subject. Mr. Neale, in his address to the jury, strongly relied upon this discrepancy, and urged the jury to say that the full offence, as charged, was not proved. Mr. Justice Byles, in summing up, said that if the jury believed that the prisoners entered the land armed with stones, they ought to find them guilty, but, if they thought, upon the evidence, that they merely picked up the stones from the land to use in their own defence, they ought to acquit them. The jury found the prisoners not guilty. WESTERN CIRCUIT.—EXETER, July 30. (Before Mr. Baron Channel! and a Special Jury.) COURTIER V. lIOPE. Mr. M. Smith and Mr. Karslake were counsel for the plaintiff; and Mr. Collier and Mr. Kingdon for the defendant. This was an action to recover compensation for a breach of promise of marriage. The defendant pleaded that he had entered into the engagement believing the plaintiff to be a person of sober habits, but he had discovered that she was an habitual drunkard. From the opening of Mr. Smith, it appeared that this engagment had been entered into in the year 1E454, and had continued for several years. The parties were both of the same age—about 42 years of age—and they were in the same position of life ; and it was clear that a strong attachment existed between them. The plaintiff, Miss Courtier, lived at a cottage near Chagford, adjoining Dartmoor ; a sister and their father lived with the plaintiff, and they obtained a livelihood by letting lodgings, as Dartmoor was the res or t o f a grea t num b er o f visi tors. The defendant was a draper and teadealer, liv ing at South Zeal. He travelled throughout the coun try taking orders. He was a thrifty man, well to do, and had realised a considerable sum of money. He lent money on mortgages and was worth about £4OOO. He was a widower, and had one daughter. The engagement having proceeded for some years, the marriage was fixed to take place in 1858, but was postponed in consequence of the illness of the plaintiff's father, which resulted in his death, and shortly after that the correspondence had ceased. The letters were generally of a very warm charac ter, abounding in the terms" dearest," " sweetest," " love," and " affection." The defendant at length had chosen to break off the engagement, but in doing so he had cast an imputation on the plain tiff's character, which was calculated to be her utter ruin, for to say of a woman that she was an habitual drunkard was at once to remove her from all society, and to render her an object of scorn and disgust. Intemperance was the only plea which the defendant had put upon the record. He (the learned counsel) might content himself with merely proving the promise of marriage and the breach of that promise, but he would in the outset meet the defendant's plea by calling the clergy man of the parish, the medical man who attended her, and all those persons who had an oppor tunity of seeing her, and they would all state that there was not the slightest ground for the imputation ? But what opinion would the jury have of a man who could thus injure one for whom he had professed the greatest attachment and affec tion. He thought they would consider that it was a great aggravation of the injury, and would show their opinion by the amount of damages which they would give the plaintiff. The medical man who attended the plaintiff, and had recommended her to take stimulants, a gentle man who had lodged at her house in 1855 and 1856, and who, being an invalid, was constantly attended by the plaintiff, persons who frequently visited her, the women who had lived as servants with her, the rector of the parish, and a vast num ber of other persons were called, and they all stated that they never saw the least symptom of the plain tiff having taken liquor, nor, from what they ob served, did they believe she ever took any. Parts of the correspondence were put in, expressing hopes that they should live together:in the greatest hap piness. Mr. Collier addressed the jury for the defendant. He knew well that the sympathy of the jury would naturally be in favour of the lady, but he thought he should be able to place before them such a case as would show that the defendant was perfectly justified in the course he had pursued. There was no evidence here to show that the defendant had begun with the new love before he had got rid of the old, for it was not even hinted that the defend ant had become attached to any other person. The defendant had been much attached to the plaintiff, and he had not broken off the engagement without good grounds. Assuming that the defendant had heard rumours in the neighbourhood, and had then discovered that the plaintiff had been addicted .to drinking, he would have been justified in breaking off the engagement. The defendant had been desir ous that the plaintiff' s c h aracter should be spared from public exposure, and he had offered to refer the whole matter to a private tribunal, but that the plain tiff's advisers had refused. The defendant was therefore compelled to bring his cast before the jury. He could not marry the plaintiff, and therefore he was obliged to resist the action. It had been said that drunkenness was the prevailing sin of English men, but it was never supposed to be the case with English women. Men drank in public. When women drank they did so in private, and it was exceedingly difficult to prove it. It was not to , be supposed that the plaintiff would get drunk in the presence of the clergyman or before respect able lodgers, and the proof already given for the plaintiff was that no one had ever seen her intoxi cated. The plaintiff had made a most careful and cunning selection of witnesses. She had called several young witnesses, but she had not called their mothers. It was evident why she had not done so. Those persons who must have known the plaintiff's habits best were those who lived with her. The two servants who bad been called said the plaintiff sometimes was sick and had a headache, and then she had a cup of tea or coffee ; and those servants never saw her take anything stronger, nor was it likely they would. The plaintiff would take care they should not. There was not a case of any w oman w h o i n d u l ge d in drink in which a num b er o f w i tnesses m i ght no t b e called to show that s h e h a d never ta k en any liquor; but the plaintiff's was ne ga ti ve ev id e nce. The defen dant's would be positive, and one positive was worth a dozen negati ves , an d un l ess the defend ., be defendant's wit nesses were all perjured he would entitled to their verdict, For the defendant it would be proved by a witness who had lived with the plaintiff th at she, 3111 a again and again seen her intoxicated. She had sick ness and, headache, which imposed upon the doctor, and induced him to believe that t h ere stimulants,w as )i l ary a derangement, d whenh o called th e next day he and he re commended found her pulse so weak that he thought s h e h ad not take n She wine had orb a cupboard, rndyenf h gh Obivut this was only reaction.which she kept the key, and in that she kept spirits, to which unhap pily she bad ftequont recourse, and it sometimes be came necessary to put her to bed in the daytime, and it would be clearly shown by many witnesses that when the doctor thought she had taken to little, th e faet was she had taken too much. The jury would hear the witnesses, and would have to say whether their evidence had not proved that it would be their duty to find a verdict for the de fendant. Several persons who had been servants to the plaintiff, and others who lived in the neighbour hood, swore that the plaintiff had very frequently been intoxicated, but no one ever saw her drink anything. Mr, Collier summed up his evidence, contending that unless all the witnesses he had called were perjured, the defendant's plea was made out. Mr. Smith replied upon the whole case, urging that if the plaintiff had been intoxicated in the manner described by the witnesses called by the defendant, the person who had lodged in her house, the clergyman of the parish, and her medical man, must have known it. The learned Judge having summed up, The Jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff— damages £BO. STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, July 31.—There has been a fair amount of business in yarns, but at a sacrifice in price of cotton 4-(1. to id. per lb. since Friday. On these terms some business has been done by the home trade, and a moderate portion by buyers in bundle for India, China, Germany, and the Medi terranean. The cloth-market is flat, being affected by various causes, including the weakness mani fested by the cotton-market, the absence of the India mail (now four days overdue), and the posi tion of the discoiant market. Spinners have been down at Liverpool and purchased low-priced cot tons, anxious to secure contracts, and the buyers of cloth look for at least a corresponding advantage. The sales in 40-inch India shirtings have been made at a decline of 11-d. per piece, and those in madapollams, jacconets, and other fabrics for the same market at a corresponding reduction ; but there have been very few buyers even on these terms. These remarks also apply to cloths suitable to the markets of China. For printing cloths there is still a moderate demand, and also for long cloths and T-cloths ; but for all these sellers have to make a slight reduction in price. Jacconets taken for the Glasgow trade are in but little request. The reduction in the prices of cloth from the highest point current a few months ago is 2d. per lb. on the average—a very serious decline, but against which there is the fall in the price of cotton, which is not inconsiderable, and with all this difference manufacturers have the satisfaction of reflecting that prices are at a much safer level, and one likely to stimulate business as much as possible. The committee of Messrs. Freeland and Brothers' credi tors report that the assets are rather less than esti mated (about 2s. 6d. in the pound), that they re commenced business in January, 1859, with a vir tual deficiency of over £l,OOO, and have, conse quently, not been justified in making purchases as merchants, and they blame therm for certain prefe rential payments. They think that bankruptcy would inevitably swallow up any dividend there may be, and advise a plan of private liquidation. LEEDS, July 31st.—There has been a small atten dance in the cloth-halls this morning. The business done was but to a moderate extent, and the mar ket, take it altogether, was a very quiet one. Prices in general are firm, and the stock of season able goods in the halls, and being brought to market is of a reasonable character. ROCHDALE, July 30.—There has been rather a dull market fGr both wool and flannels to-day. The price of the former is well maintained, but the de mand has rather slackened. Manufacturers are moderately well employed, but they are demanding some advance on orders, which rather checks ope rations. Lower descriptions of goods are in the most request, there being a fair demand for them for the export trade, and they command good ices. Yorkshire goods sell moderately well. The 3Eysterious Power of the Magnet is most beautifully developed ;by Mr. F. 31. if EIZRINO, of 32, Basinghall-street, in his Patent Magnetic Brushes and Combs, which are the remedy for grey hair, weak or falling hair, neuralgia, nervous headache. rheumatism, stiff Joints, &c. Ills Teazle Brushes tor cloth, velvet, 4,!re., are admirable ; they not only cleanse but preserve the fabric In a remarkable manner. The public are cauttor.ed against counteet4:its. [ADyr.] [AnvEnTisioti,;z7r.]—liolloway i li Ointment and Pills.— Siirprising Remedies fur Bad Legs, and all kinds of Wouni.g.—The surprising sale of these invaluable medi cines in every r)art of the civilised world is a most con vincing proof of their efficacy in the cure of diseases, for it is only by their marvellous success as curatives that they could ever have obtained their popularity. Old sores and however long a s 'ho tan r d a in is no all diseases of the skin are quickly cured by these medi cines. Thou s ands of persons suffering from dreadful n: a ladies have b een cure d by their use, after every other met, ns e r r eg o a b r4 st e i d na a t s e, h o o r r e. of h h w ad e less, if the pati en t i s w illi ng t o g i ve a f a i r trial to Rollo- 4 th o a c t as shoulde however b e way's Ointment and Pills. Mal DESTRUCTIVB _FIRE AT SHADTVELL. An extensive fire broke out yesterday afternoon in the premises belonging to Messrs. Reed and Co., rope makers, &c., to the Government, in Love-lane, Shadwell. The premises co vere d some acres, and comprised a covered rope-walk, about a quarter of a mile long, with a spinning factory two stories high, and sundry other buildings. The fire was discovered in one part of the rope ground, and intelligence was sent for the engines, and in a short time the land engines from the diffe rent stations of the London brigade attended, as well as one belonging to the parish and the power ful steam float from Rotherhithe. The flames by that period had seized upon a portion of the rope factory, and they attacked five or six houses on the opposite side' of the street, occupied by numerous poor families, who commenced removing their humble furniture to a more distant place for pro tection. From the rope factory the flames seized upon the spinning factory, which was, with the contents, entirely destroyed. The land engines being sup plied by a copious body of water, and the float worked from the River Thames through 850 feet of hose, some thousand tons weight of water were discharged for hours upon the flames ; but in spite of that the work of devastation continued, and the flames quickly encircled the engine -house and the rigging -lofts. It could not be said to be wholly' extinguished at nearly midnight. The damage done by this disastrous event is very serious. Messrs. Reed and Co. were insured in the Phoenix fire-office. The dwelling-houses belong ing to the same firm have their side windows burnt out and the roof destroyed. Numbers 1,2, 3,4, and 5, let out to private families have also their windows burned out and the furniture damaged by fire and water, and hasty removal. Number 6 (opposite), and several others have their fronts scorched, and the windows broken. SUICIDE BY TILE MANAGER OF THE .ROYAL BANE. OF LIVERPOOL. LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY: The mercantile and banking circles here was thrown into a state of great consternation to-day, on learning that Mr. Chaffers, who for many years has held the office of manager of the Royal Bank of Liverpool, had committed suicide last night at his residence in Breck-road, by hanging himself. Mr. Chaffers is advanced in years, being upwards of 60, and up to the present time has had the entire con fidence of the directors and shareholders in the bank. He was very lame, and suffered fro m much bodily infirmity, the result of a paralytic stroke some years since, but regularly came down to the bank in his carriage daily. At the time I write the detailed particulars of the sad occurrence are only imperfectly known, but it appears that for some months past the deceased has been in an unusually bad state of health, and much depressed, in consequence of the death of a brother. In addition to this, we learn that a short time ago a proprietor of the bank expressed dissatisfaction at the manner in which Mr, Chaffers performed his duties, and gave notice of a motion for his dismissal. This proceeding is said to have been suggested by political motives, and was exceedingly h ur tf u l to the deceased, w hol was heard to say that it was more than he could bear. It seems to be generally believed that ill health, the death of his brother, and his threatened dis missal preyed heavily on his mind, and may bare led to the melancholy act we now record. We learn that, as far as the business of the bank is concerned, there will be no difficulty, Mr• Chaffers having left everything in such a state AS would almost lead to th© conclusion that he had prepared for his permanent absence. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEEDS, JULY 31. The arrivals this week are small. The demand to-day entirely confined to fresh qualities of wheat, which o%' millers have cleared at last wee k' s pr i ces. No alteration 1n other articles. BRISTOL—Jury 31, The business passing in wheat to-day is slow, but $t late prices, owing to fine weather and large arrivals. Is consequence of large arrivals of heated barley, sweet qua lities are easily sold at 6d to Is per qr advance on the pre vious week. All other articles unchanged. • LIVERPOOL —JULY 31. We had a good attendance of the town and country trade this morning, and a fair business was done in wheat, at the full rates of l as t mar k et. Flour more looked after, and American the turn dearer. Indian corn was in tolerably good demand, and mixed American brought fully 3d pe.f qr more money. Oats and oatmeal very steady, at the Mu quotations of last week. Beans advan ced 6d per qr. Peal and barley held firmly at extreme prices. Market closed steady; weather looking unsettled. SLEAFORD---JuLY 30. A limited show of wheat at market to-day, for which the trade was firm for Most samples ; • oats and beans active. White ruled at 60s to 645, red 54s to 57s per qr• Barley, 29s to 44s ; oats, 28s to 345; beans, 383 to 50s; peas, —s to —s. NEWCASTLE -TINDER LYNE—JULY 30. At this corn market there was but a moderate show of wheat for the season, and recent prices were not exceeded. The samples of barley shown were few, but prices held firmly. Oats in request. Beans fully sustained th‘?ir value. THE MAILS. MAILS DUE. Australia, Ceylon, and Mau r iti us ( via South ampton) .. .. .. .. 0. • • • • Aug.• Do. via Mrs) 4. Bahamas and Ha vana ( v i a New( York) . a.seille .. Aug. 2 Canada, &c. ( v i a L ondonderry) Aug. . Cape of Go o d H ope, &c... .. .. .. Sept. 1. .. .. .. Aug. 1. China, Penang, • and Singapore (via S'ampton) Aug. 2. Da Southampton) o. (via Marseilles) Overdue. Gibraltar (vi .. .. Aug. 2. India (Calcutta), C ey l on , & c. ( v i a Southampton) Aug. 2. Do. (via Marseilles) Overdue. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. .. Aug. 10. Do. (via Marseilles) Lisbon, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, &c. .. .. Aug. 6. Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto Malta, Egypt , and Aden (via Southampton) .. Aug. 2. Do. (via Marseilles) .. Overdue. United States, California, &c. (s ia Cork) .. A ug , 2. Western Coast of Atrica, Madeira, Teneriffe .. Aug. 10, West Indies and Pacific,' Carthgena, Cuba, &c. Aug. 14. Six convicts, who were engaged in the marble quarry at the Sing Sing prison: had attempted to escape by running past the guard. One of them, named John Rham, was shot by the officer, and instantly killed, the ball passing through his head. A desperate struggle took place with the other convicts, one of whom had to be knocked insen sible before he would submit. All were recaptured. BIRTHS. , ABBOTT.—On the 25th ult., the wife of W. 13 ranie Abbott Esq., of Dcetors'-commons, of a son. HARFORD.—On the 2 8 th ult. , at Stoke House Bris tol, the wife of J. Battersby Harford, E s ,-.. , ' near ~ heir. ti of a son and KENTa son, .—On ma the 29th ult., at Road, M. S. Savill Kont, preturely. MARRIAGES. DEAS HEr. rßunN avid DeaOn the 31 s t u l t., at Hollycott, Lass „do, D Ds, C. 8., Sce., Inspector -General of Hospitals and Fleets, to Margaret, youngest daughter of the late William Hepburn, Esq. HANBURY—IsIe of Wi EWBAI NIC—On the 28th u l t., at Newchurah, ght, David, only surviving son of the late D. llanbury, Esq., of Sudbury, Suffolk, to Mary, the third surviving daughter of the late Henry Ewbank, Esq., formQrly of Tunbridge. ADD, DEATHS. On the 29th ult., a t St o k e, •D evonport, Elizabeth, wile of Captain Addis, R.N. ATKINSON.—On the 31st ult., at New.cross, William Bold Atkinson, Esq., surgeon. CA RIUNGTON.—On the 30th ult., Frederick A. Carrington, Esti., F.A.S., of Lincoln's-inn-fields Recorder of Wok ingham, aged 53. FOSTER.—On the 29th ult., at Landport House, Portsea, Mary Anne, wife of Major-General Foster, commanding Royal Engineers. lIAmmiLL.-01 1 the 30th ult., very suddenly, at 34, Sussex Gardens, Lyde-park, John Ilammill, Esq., aged 57. MATTLAND.—On the 26th ult., at Whitby, Yorkshire, Garlies Cosby Maitland, Esq., aged 30. TIIIVAATES.—On the 30th ult , at Meaburn Lodge, Clap ham-park, Harriott, the wife of John Thwaites, Esq., chairman of the Metropolitan Board of Works. LONDON.: Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun °Moe, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in tile count"' " Middle:Km, Wodueodoy, August 1, 180. Weat be ba and t P.m. 1 there of thi PA at 9.1: for p.m. G' offertt Land' CV avails honed TOT Torqu Truro of not To Dartie Uoket To and L To] To ( and D To] Ilm,Tel Partie To /info] pany - ; intent so, leXE' Leave Hot Arriv Arriv teavi Leav, Arriv Sta PRE JORrn S 1 the Ways, ViratA li EDI Fi will t To] Thy -T trai trai tiot