The Sun. — London, England, 1859-11-02 00:00:00

di....-----.....—...—......—_____ THE AMERICAN MINISTER IN CIIINA.i TI ILs. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORE: Sir,—l have just received. a letter from Mr. Ward, our Minister in China, which, though not intended for publication, contains so much that is interesting to the world, and especially to the American world, that I cannot refrain from send ing you some part of it for publication in your widely read paper. M. " United States' frigate Powhattan, off the Peiho River, June 30. " My dear —, —On the morning of the IGth we left Shanghai for the mouth of the Peiho river, having in tow the Toey-wan, a boat chartered by Commodore Tatnall, in which I was to ascend. the Peiho as far as Tien-tsin. We arrived here on Tues day morning, the 21 st -inst., just before daylight. We found near us the following vessels :—Her Brie tannic Majesty's ship s Chesapeake, Highflyer, Fury, Magicienne, Cruiser, Nimrod, Cormoran . t, transport ship Assistance (steam), steam storeship Hesper, Plover, a gunboat, and the Coromandel, tender to the Chesapeake; French steam frigate Du Chayla, and her tender, the Nosogary. These vessels, with the Powhattan, were all anchored about ten miles from the forts at the mouth of the river, which have been rebuilt since last year. The coast is so. shallow as to render nearer approach im possible for large vessels. " About three miles from the mouth of the river and from the forts there is a bank about a mile wide, across which no vessels of greater draught than 10 feet can go even at high water. When that bank has been passed, you are in the channel of the river, distant from its mouth about three miles in a direct line from the forts. On our arrival here the following vessels were anchored over that bar, within about two miles from the forts :—The gun boats Kestrel, Janus, Forester, Haughty, Lee, Opossum, Starling, and Banterer. " The day we arrived the wind was so high that nothing could be done. The next day, Wednesday, it was blowing a gale and raining very hard. On Thursday the English Admiral called upon me, and said be had been up to the mouth of the river, and. found it so obstructed by chains as to render fur ther progress impossible without their removal ; that he had sent his boat on shore to say that the English and French Ministers had arrived on their way to Pekin, and to require that the obstructions should be removed, so as to enable them to proceed. The reply was that these obstructions had been. placed there, not to prevent the Ministers from going to Pekin, but to keep out the rebels ; which was of course untrue, as the rebels_ have no boats and never approach by water. They said also that this was not the mouth of the Peiho—that the en - trance to the Peiho was 10 or 15 miles north, and there the Ministers must goif they wished to reach Pekin. For this northern entrance I refer you to my official letter to the Secretary of State. They promised, however, to remove the obstructions, but instead of performing their promise they went on completing them. The Admiral also infor med me that he had subsequently given the Chinese notiee that he would proceed to remove these obstructions himself on Saturday morning, the 25th inst., as Messrs. Bruce and De Bourboulon, finding the doors closed upon their, had instructed himto open them. " I frankly told the Admi ral that my position was very different from that of the . English and French Ministers ; that their treaties were made at a time when they were at war with the Chinese —and. that if their provisions were violated they might consider themselves thrown back into the wit which had been terminated or suspended by the treaty ; that the American treaty, on the con trary, had been made with a nation with whom we had never been at war, and that if any of its provisions were violated the proper remedy must be judged of by our Government, to which I should refer the matter, but that I had been instructed by the President of the United States to go to Pekin, and that I should go until stopped by a force which I could not overcome ; that Commodore Tatnall and I would, the next day, cross the bank in the Toey wan and proceed as far as we could, or until - we were fired upon. " The next morning, Friday, the 24th, Commo dore Tatnall, with his flag-lieutenant, and I, with my brother, the interpreters and attaches of the Legation, went on board the Toey-wan about 8 a.m., and proceeded towards the river. We passed at anchor outside the bank the Cruiser and the steam storeship Hesper. . " After passing the bank we found at anchor about a mile a half' from the mouth of the river the gun boats heretofore mentioned as over the bank, and also the Coromandel, to which the Admiral's flag had been transferred, the Nimrod and the Plover ; and the French gunboat Nosogaray, making in all 10 gunboats and three small vessels, carrying about 40 guns and 600 men. Anchored with these vessels were three large junks, of which the English had taken possession, and upon which they had about 700 Men intended as recruits fur the vessels, and as a force with which at a proper time an attack by land was to be made upon the forts. We passed all these vessels on our way, determined not to be stopped except by actual force. Fortunately for us we ran aground when within half a mile of the forts. This was not to be wondered at, as no officer on board the Toey-wan had ever crossed the bank or bar. " At the time we grounded the tide was falling rapidly. The English Admiral immediately sent his Lag-lieutenant in the Plover to say that he ex pected to see us fired upon at every moment, and when the tide fell the boat would probably keel over: He tendered to Commodore Tatnall the use of the Plover, requesting him to hoist the American ensi g n at the peak and his own flag at the mizenmast. The commodore declined to accept this kind offer, but said he would be glad of the services-of tile boat to pull him off. An effort to do this was made,butwasunsuccessful, and the Plover left us and returned to the line which the admiral was forming. " About 2 p.m. the flag-lieutenant of Commodore Tatnall was sent on shore with the interpreters to inform them that I was on board the steamer on my way to Pekin. The reply I received was that we could not go by that river—that there was no officer of any rank there—that those who were them could receive no communication of any kind whatever—indeed, that there was no one there who . could read or write—that they had heard that the Emperor had ordered the Governor-General to meet the !Ministers at whatthcy called - the north entrance to the river, which they said was ten miles distant. They thought that the Governor-General would probably be there that day or the next. " About 8 o'clock in the evening we fortunately succeeded in getting the steamer off. By that time the-Admiral had formed a line extending from the junks to our position. The commodore, fearing that a light moving about our boat during the night might be mistaken for some signal in the admiral's squadron, ordered the steamer to drop below the line and anchor near the junks. About 12 o'clock we heard an explosion. This was the blowing up of the first barrier across the river, and it was fol lowed by two guns from the forts. The rest of the night everything was quiet. " It was evident in tho morning, from the posi tion of the vessels, that the battle- would be com menced some time during the day. All the vessels mentioned as over the bar were as near to the en trance of the river as they could get. It was ascer tained that three barriers hod been erected across the river at the distance of 20 yards from each other. Oa the left bank of the river were three or four large forts admirably built of mud, and connected with each other by shore batteries. At the mouth of -the river was one very large fort, from which the heaviest guns were fired. On the right-hand side of the river were three forts, conuected by shore batteries. Within these forts and batteries it was afterwards ascertained there must have been from 20,000 to 25,000 men. At 2.45 p.m. the Star ling, having the Admiral's flag flying, commenced ascending the river, followed by the Plover, the other vessels remaining at anchor. As soon as the Starling had passed the barrier blown up during the night the forts commenced firing. All the ves sels returned the fire, and the balls flew around like hailstones. Before the firing- had lasted half an hour, however, we could. see from our vessels that the English were suffering far beyond their antici pations, and the Comniodore said to me, "Those forts cannot be taken wills the force they have.' We could see the shot destroying the vessels, while the forts were scarcely injured by the small bat tery of the English. About five o'clock a young man came t o 'us blood. upon -his "mn the Admiral's ship, with wZ.;aricd. and brow,e7ll,,r poor fellow, and looking exhausted. He told the Commodore that the AdmiralNv the deck of his ves sel severely 'voun.led ; that his captain had had his head shot off, and that h o hid ut three men left capable of'do.ng - duty. ne Admiral had sent for reinforcements to - relieve him, but b the wind and tide were so strong against the beats it would. be impos sible, w ithout the assistance of steam '' ,to get them op-in time to be of any use. He had had two boats shot a way under him, and he reached us in the third, hearing the request that the Commodore would tow up their boats: By this time the tide was falling very fast, and two of the g unboats had grounded just where we had been.eces the day before, t Commodore and were literally hemp. shot to p licatren that Tatnall consulted with me on the app had been wade to him. It was a question not with out difficulty. As neutrals we had no right to in to either party. terfere, or to render the s mallest aid _ part y y. could we be regarded st rictl y as neutrals ? re were in cornany w ith the other Powe rs not b y our I own choice. had desired to avoid all complication with them, and xp secure this end I had left Hong IHE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 2, 18b9. Kong so immediately after my arrival as to draw on myself the censure of one of the Hong Kong journals. The Chinese had themselves forced us into our present pos ition, their commissioners at Shanghai having insisted upon my waiting for the English and Frenc h Ministers and coming with them. In consequence of this we had been inces santly receiving from them acts of courtesy and kindness. Now, should they be successful, we should profit by their success. In opening the road to Pekin to their own Ministers they would also open it to us. In view of all these reasons I could not hesitate to say to Commodore Tatnall that while we had no right to fire a gun in their defence, or to give them a man to aid in the attack, we ought to render the required assistance to relieve the Admiral from his position, and that accordingly his desire to tow up the boats received not only my assent, but my un qualified approbation, and w as, indeed, in strict accordance with my wishes. He then insisted that I should leave the stea mer with my suite and goon board one of the junks, as he said a vessel towing up the English reinforcements was no place for the American Minister, - when the British and French Ministers were ten miles off. Feeling the delicacy of my situation, and that there was force in what he said, I yielded reluctantly to his wishes and went to the lank, but I could not long remain there, for while I felt that the most dignified position for me would have been on board the Powhattan, the Toey wan was my present home. By ae.. accident the battle had been commenced while I was in her and over the bar, and she was going into danger with my fall as sent. I therefore determined to return to h er, and availed myself of the first opportunity to do so, which was in the gig of Capt. Willes, one of the English officers. My brother and Messrs. Heard and Learsman, of my suite, returned with me. think the Commodore tho u g ht me wrong a . s Mini ster, but was glad to have me on board with hi . m. At all events it made me sh are the responstbility with him, which I was more than anxious to do ; and while it may be said t hat strict neutrality was his duty, he did more th at da y to illustrate the gallantry of the American navy in the eyes of the world than 20 successful engagements would have done. As soon as he heard of the Admiral's posi tion he went in his open barge, through one of the hottest fires that fell from the forts, alongside of the Admiral's ship, which was and had been the target of all the forts—not to assist him in the fight —not to win glory by victory—but to give his sympathy to a wounded brother officer, whom he saw about to suffer a most mortifying and unex pected defeat. I regret to say that his coxswain was killed by his side, just as he reached the Ad miral's vessel, by a ball that struck the boat with so much force as to throw him and Lient.Trenchard out of their seats. For a litt le while the lieutenant was stuncei, but neither of them were hurt. " Between 6 and 7 p.m ., the Commodore having, rendered all the assistance in his power, the Toey wan came to an anchor between the French gunboat and the Coromandel. There the shot flew thick and fast ; and, finding ourselves directly in the line of the fire, the Commodore ordered the position of the steamer to be changed, and we moved about 100 yards, after having been there about two hours, during which time a ball passed under the awning, between it and the deck, within five feet of the spot where Capt. Pearson and I were standing, watch ing the landing of the troops for the attack. "This was the most terrific sight of the whole battle. As the boats approached, the forts and all the water batteries opened a most deadly fire, and we could see the men fall in the boats. They moved steadily on to the landing-place, where, as they touched the shore, the fire again opened upon them, and the poor fellows were seen to fall in crowds. It is estimated that, of the 600 composing the storming party, 100 at least had fallen before they reached the shore. There the most terrible fate awaited the survivors. Landing, at the approach of night, upon a shore of which they were entirely ignorant, at low water, but with a fast rising tide, they soon found that they were separated from the forts—first by mud and water waist deep, second, by a ditch filled with water, which no man could cross without swimming ; and, third, by another ditch filled with sharp iron spikes. The 500 survivors saw there was no safety but in retreat. One of the officers told me that by the time they had crossed the first ditch there was not a weapon that would fire, so wet had become their ammuni tion. Their retreat was as fatal as their landing. The Chinese sent up fire-rockets, and by their light shot down the men, who could not return the fire. About 11 o'clock p.m., the survivors, with such of their wounded companions as they could assist, began returning to the ships. F. om that time till daylight officers and men were coming on board the Toey wan, where they were furnished with refreshments and provided with a resting-place. As you may ima gine, we did not sleep much that night. When the day dawned the portion of the squadron engaged in the fight was a perfect wreck. Random shots had been kept up during the night, and many of them had taken effect. Less than half of the land force had escaped unhurt. It is estimated that 300 of them had been killed. On board the ships eight officers had been killed and 23 wounded. The num ber of the men has not yet been ascertained. All the vessels were more or less disabled, and three of the gunboats—the Lee, the Plover, and the Kestrel — were entirely destroyed. The Cormorant, the tender ?f the flagship, was found to be so disabled that it was impossible to remove:,her. Commodore Tatnall visited the Admiral in the morning and tendered his services to do all in his power for the wounded, or to assist him with his disabled vessels. They requested that he would take the wounded men over the bar to the vessels lying outside, About half-past nine o'clock, as many as could be placed in two large launches were brought to the stern of our steamer, and we towed them out, tak ing these sad mementos, with the first tidings of the fight, to the French and English Ministers. The Admiral, though severely wounded, still remains about the forts, attempting to destroy the four ves sels that could not be removed, to prevent their fall ing into the hands of the Chinese. I have no doubt he will succeed, though the forts have been inces santly firing upon them. It is now Thursday, and the firing still continues. " As soon as the first gun was fired I felt that, if the English were unsuccessful, I could have little hope of further negociation with the Chinese; yet, as I would do everything in my power for the fulfil ment of my mission, I determined to make the effort, and as soon as possible I sent a letter to the Gover nor-General of this province, who was said to be somewhere on the coast about 10 miles from the forts. Yesterday I despatched. my brother, with the interpreters, in search of the place and the man. They left this anchorage in the Toey-wan about 11 a.m., carrying my letter, in which I informed the Governor-General that I was here under the treaty, and by the invitation of the commissioners at Shang hai ; that I was charged with an autograph letter from the President of the United States to his Ma jesty the Emperor, and asked him to provide me with the means of conveyance to Pekin. The Toey wan returned at eight p.m.; and my brother tells me that after going north-west along the coast, about 10 miles from this anchorage, they discover ed aninlet near a village which was strongly fortified. The To ey-wan could not approach nearer than four miles, in consequence of the shallowness of the water. My brother, Mr. Martin, the interpreter, and Mr. Merchant, a midshipman, went ashore in the boat of . the Toey-wan. At the approach of the boat the villagers began to fly. They succeeded, however, in holding communication with two of the Chinese, who stated that the Governor-General had gone over to the forts at the mouth of the Pciho, and said they would deliver, the letter to him. These men said they had never heard of the United States of America, and warned the party that they had better return to their boat, as a large body of cavalry had been sent for, who were Tartar soldiers, and - recognised no distinction among foreign bar barians. While they were conversing with the Chinese a large body of cavalry, well mounted, ac tually appeared in sight, rapidly advancing towards them, and, as they returned to their boat, followed them to the water's edge." (Fro;n the Times.) A quasi private letter from Mr. Ward, containing his account of the Battle of Taku, has been printed by the New York Times, and completes the Ameri can history of the ill-starred operations at the Peale. Commodore Tatnall's despatchcontainel the details of the engagement as they appeared to an intelli gent seaman, who, although watching with strong • interest the course of the struggle, was yet, while the victory was doubtful, but a spectator of the contest. Mr. Ward's less official, but not less care fully prepared account, adds some few touches to what was already a strikinr , picture, and especially elucidates the policy which prompts the diplomacy of the United States iu their dealings with . China. At this distance, and in the absence of perfect knowledge as to the appearance of the Peih3 upon this second occasion, we cannot safely criticise the operations as we read. We may wonder to see that the removal of the booms and chains, partially suc cessful at night, was not nightly persevered with. We may feel surprise to see an attack in shallow waters made during a strong ebb tide, and to find a landing attempted at low water and upon a muddy shore at closing day ; but we are without the means of judging at present to what extent these disad- 1 vantages were forced upon the Admiral by other circumstances. Neither the Commodore's despatch nor the Ambassador's letter contains any hint of an opinion that the Admiral's dispositions were injudi cious ; nor is it to condemn Admiral Hope, whose heroism was so conspicuous, that we recall what happened upon a former occasion. Then the same Cormorant despatch-boat, which was sunk by these he front of the same Chinoe:guns, steamed_ along t forts, delivering her fire without the loss of a man, and the Nimrod, under Captain Dew, following more deliberately, silenced each fort as she passed ; then Captains Sherard Osborn and Sir Frederick Nicholson, landing with a handful of blue-jackets and marines, put to flight a large encamped army which had been drawn up to support the forts, and the victory was gained with so little loss that the English public rather despised it as a too facile success. There is a considerable difference between that almost forgotten operation and this the history of which is now before us, and the re sults whereof are so bitter to our pride. [ We contrast the two events; not for the sake of the past, but for the sake of the future. That me lancholy list of victims which gave mournful inte rest to our columns of yesterday must be still present to every English mind, and it will be long before the impression it made fades away. There is evidently a great change in the character and audacity of our enemy. Some men who know China will attribute this to the habit which has grown up during the recent war of allowing the Chinese to escape without any loss. During the war of 1842 a victory was a great slaughter, and the lessons learnt at Amoy and at the mouth of the Shanghai River were long remembered with good effect in those localities. Latterly war with the bar barians has lost its terrors, for the Chinese have been allowed to fire from their open forts until the place was stormed, and then to run away in peace. That Mongol army which has sunk our ships and killed our sailors might have been all cut off in the same place last year, but was allowed to march away without a shot being sent among them. Our merciful way of pinking war has encouraged the Chinese Emperor to think there was no risk to hiniin trying the chance of arms once more. If hewere successful, good. If fortune were again contrary, the English, he might well believe, would be too satisfied with their success, to be unappeas able in respect of the " mistake" which caused them to be fired upon. Another theory has been that the Russians have taught the Chinese how to for tify and defend fortifications. This is quite in accordance with the interests of Russia ; it is con sistent with the assertion of the Chinese during the negotiations, that the Russians had promised the Chinese Commissioners to teach them how to make the Peiho impassable to Europeans ; and it accords with the altered appearance of the forts, which upon this occasion had all the appliances of slanted embrasures, mantlets, and spare guns, such as we were accustomed to meet with at Sebastopol. Perhaps both the reasons we have repeated !ray have had their influence ; but that there is any material difference between the men by whom we have been repulsed and the men whom we have so often put to flight we do not believe. These are the same Tartars who cannst put down the rebellion, and who daily with a faction by who ai no man or woman or child of Tartar race is ever spared. They havt grown to trust to our mercy as a habit or a principle which will live against any provocation ; they have felt secure behind their mantlets ; and they have laid their guns accurately for the exact spot where they expected us to attack. This, added to the fact that for the first time we have justified the expectations of the Chinese as to the mode and point of attack, will account both for the resistance and for its success. Mr. Ward has since the date of the 30th of .Tune succeeded in reaching Pekin; but we doubt whether Mr. Ward will look upon his journey to Pekin as a success. Judging him by his conduct and his letters, he must be a man of too much spirit and independence to digest with comfort the petty indignities of which he has been made the object, and, as he was not allowed to see the Emperor, he might just as well have exchanged his ratifications at Shanghai, as he very sensibly offered to do, as to receive them from the same hands at Pehkang. At 'Pekin he was reproached by some of the Mandarins for the assistance he gave the English at Taku, and the Chinese impression seems to have been that the Americans formed the landing party which was so terribly cut up. It -is said, also, that both Mr. Ward and hisCosamodore have received an intimation from their Government that his towing our boats up was an act rather to be excused than justified. Mr. Ward,- however, seems to have felt that after the conduct of the Chinese Commissioners at, Shanghai he could hardly consider himself as repre senting a neutral Power. So long as the treaties with England and France remained unratified he could not, indeed, stand upon the right which these treaties give to proceed unmolested through the em pire, or to claim a passage to Pekin and a residence there ; but his right to travel by the accustomed way—by the way which his predecessor had used in order to negotiate the treaty of which he was now the bearer—to Pekin was unquestionable ; and when the Commissioners compelled him to remain until a time beyond the period fixed, and attempted to amuse him by flimsy pretences, he was by their act thrown back upon the other civilised Powers, and driven into a companionship which almost in volved the obligations of an alliance. Mr. Ward very reasonably doubted whether—considering that he had been thus forced by the Chinese into his pre sent position, and considering, also, that if the ope rations which were now failing before his eyes had been successful he would have profitedby their suc cess—the Americans would be regarded strictly as neutrals. Whether the Commodore be correct in his recollection when he says that the English officer who came on board his ship spoke not of aid, and expressed his hope only by an anxious glance at the boats, the Admiral, and the steam power of the Toeywan ; or whether Mr. Ward is more accurate in believing that the aid of the steam power to tow the boats was actually asked, is not of much impor tance. The aid was wanted and it was given —not, we will insist upon believing, in accordance with any deliberate reasoning upon points of international law, but because the United States' Ambassador and the United States' Commodore saw the English being slaughtered by enemies whom they could not get at, and because they felt at that moment, in the words which some of the American officers are said to have used, " that blood is thicker than water." Out of this disaster let us pluck what satisfaction we can. The reverse will soon be retrieved with sufficient eclat. If there be any virtue in our new rifled cannon we shall shell these barbarians out of their nests without giving them a chance of any similar success in the future ; and, if the French are with us in equal force and with their modern wea pons, they at least will not fight this fight with padded gloves. But whether the French are resolved to go with us in strength or not, we must not delay. If we are at the landing-place by March we can do the work well in one year; if we are later than April we are almost certain to take two years about the busi ness, and to double our risks and our expenses. We hope that no desire of French co-operation will induce us to carry our politeness to so expen sive an extent as to wait for them. If they should not be ready to go with us, we can divide the task with them and meet them at Pekin, or expect them at Tientsin. Perhaps, also, we may meet the Ame ricans out there. If private American letters from China speak truth—if Mr. Ward was, with studied intent to ridicule him, drawn 0 Pekin by a mule and a donkey, tandem fashion—if his complaints of the incivility of his Chinese attendants were re jected with impertinence—if his request for horses was directly refused, and if his ratified treaty is found to be destitute of the only useful stipulation the draught contained—that is to say, the regula tions for trade and tariffs—then we conceive that the Americans may by this time have concluded that their humility has not answered. We, how ever, want no help. We would rather do this act of justice to our massacred countrymen ourselves. But the conduct of Mr. Ward and Commodore Tat nail during the day of disaster comes home to us all. When that act of perfidy has been punished and forgotten, NA' e hope that the friendly feelings and cordial companionship which united Englishmen and Americans in the waters of China, end the na tural sympathies which burstlorth at that moment of disaster, may be remembered. Whether the people of the United States choose to believe it, or choose to acknowledge it, or not, there is al .vet's on this side of the Atlantic a strong kin•l:ke feeling towards the people of our own blood who dwell on the other side. We are jealous of their affection, and hurt when we find their sympathies turned from us, perhaps to be lavished upon despots with whom they have nothing in common, and barbarians who have one word of scorn for them and for us. We are irritated also when they are querulous and quarrelsome and tetchy with us, and when, having abundance of gentlemen to choose from, they set the most ill-bred swaggering adventurer they can find to insult us and wrong us. But we are never happier as a nation in our relations with the Ame rican people than upon those rare occasions when we are going cordially together, never better pleased than when we have some act of courtesy, or, still better, some act of kindness, to thank them for, as in this affair of the Peiho. [ADVERTISEMENT.] — Errs ' s (Iromoaopathic Chemist) COCOA.—This esteemed preparation is sold by the prin. cipal rroctr i at ls. M. per lb., in 11b,, OIL, and paeketh. Each packet is labelled " James Epps, Mimeo pathie'oheiniat, London." _ _ [AnvEaminniN - T.]—Holloway's Pills and Ointment. — Stomach and Kidneys.—Between these two great organs there exists a close and intimate relation which is demun strated by the wasting which occurs in all diseases afflict ing the kidneys. The disordered stomach is often the first index of renal irregularity. Holloway's remedies used at that juncture would cut short many a serious and fatal attack. They act with wonderful efficiency on every organ of secretion, but especially do they regulate the. stomach, liver, and kidneys in restoring their healthy functions, and casting out auy obstructions or impurities. It is necessary for the ointment to be well rubbed over the affected parts daily, when it is absorbed, and much augments the purify ing and salutary influence of the pills. A FIRST VIEW OF YEDDO: (From the Correspondent of the Daily Kews.) KANAGAWA, PORT OF YEDDO, JULY 20. My previous letter will have given you not only a passing review of our relations in China up to the time of Mr. Bruce's departure, with the squa dron for the Peihe, now some two months ago nearly, but also a cursory glance at the past and present of Japtn, a country with which Western nations have begun to renew their intercourse, after an interruption all but absolute of two cen turies. "Ily first impressions of Japanese life and manners'l sent yOA from Nagasaki ; and I now re sume the thread of my story, after having seen great part of Yeddo, the capital of the Tycoon, or sovereign-de facto; while the Mikado (miscalled the " spiritual emperor" by certain European writers on Japan) is the only sovereign de jur© re cognised still by the Japanese. True, the Dairi or Mikados have been shorn of much of their power since Yoritomo, in 1143, profiting by civil commo lions among the princes of the land, and armed with power as Generalissimo to humble these tur bulent chief's, only suppressed the troubles to arro gate to himself greater part of the sovereign power, under the. title given by a grateful master of Ziogan. Another Pepin d'l - T ristal and Mayor of thePelaee, he did not care to dethrone the descen dant of an illustrious line of emperors, and was =tent with holding the reins, and transmitting the same privilege to his descendants, And so tho power continaed divided in great degree, the sha dow from the substance, until later, towards the close of the sixteenth century, a peasant's son and favourite attendant of the actual Generalissimo raised' himself by great abilities to the seat of power, on his master's death, and stripped the reigning Mikado of the last remnants of secu lar power. Since that time the successive Emperors, or Mikados, are brought into the world, and live and die within the precincts of their court at Miaco— the boundaries of which he never exceeds during his whole life. Is it possible to conceive a less de sirable destiny ? But the Ziogans, or Tycoons as they are now called, have long been undergoing a somewhat analogous process, under which all sub stantial power is being transferred from them to the principal Dami or princes, who form a great coun cil of state, and whose nominee the Tycoon himself has become, as well as all his chief ministers or coun cillors. They claim the right of dethroning or dis placing both Tycoon and ministers, and a voice potential in all affairs of state. For legislative changes even the almost forgotten Mikado must give his consent—never of course refused when any unanimity prevails. But when the treaty with America was concluded, of which I shall have more to tell you by-and-bye, many things took place highly illustrative of the times and the men in Japan. A large party among the vassal princes and chief Dami were vehemently opposed to any depar ture from the long maintained system of exclusion and isolation, and hostile to all measures tending to any change. This party enjoys the soubriquet among the more advanced or progressive of their own coun trymen of " toads in the well," because they can only see immediately over their heads and what is under their nose. The result of their activity was a great commotion,threatening a revolution and the lives of the ministers, who were instantly disgraced, and, although their successors have had to sign many treaties since, they still continue under a cloud with their secretaries, interpreters, and everybody con nected with their ministry. The hostile party to foreigners is still in office, therefore, which does not tend to make things more pleasant for European prospects or diplomatic agents. But to return to the feudal reproduction, in this isolated and far eastern land, of forms of govern ment and types of men and things, of which the last trace has nearly passed away now from the soil of Europe, where they once flourished ; it is curious to note the coincidence sometimes carried into points of detail. Whoever wishes to study in the life phases of the feudal state which only existed in the Western world in the sixth century, or an oligarchy such as Venice produced in the middle ages, need only come to Japan. The Mikado of the day is the exact type of the last descendant of Clovis, sitting sad and solitary, effeminate and degenerate, doomed only to wield "a barren sceptre" and sigh away a burdensome and useless existence of mock pagean try ; never permitted to pass the gates of his prison palace. It is related that some years ago one of those fearful and all-devouring fires for which the great imperial cities of Miaco, Osaca, and Yeddo enjoy a most unenviable reputation, drove the in mates even of the Dairi out of the sacred precincts, the only choice being that of the celebrated King of Aragon, of moving or being burned alive. Rigid as the etiquette of the Dairi is held,to be, it appears that it melted before the fire of a vast city in flames ; and his sacred majesty after escaping to one temple in the environs had to flee to a second, and on his way to cast himself from his bullock car and take to his feet under penalty of being burned after all. One cannot help feeling that in all probability this escape, with all the change, movement; and excite ment, must have formed by far the pleasantest, if not the only, hours of life he knew throughout his whole existence. How his august person, too sacred to be exposed to the vulgar gaze of his sub jects, was restored to its pristine sanctity after that midnight rush and long tramp along the dusty roads, Japanese writers have, not told us. This double machinery of a titular sovereign who only Aigns, and a lieutenant of the empire who only governs and does not reign, from generation to generation, is certainly something very curious; and by long continuance it seems to have led to a duplicate system such as never existed in any other part of the world, carried out to the very minutiae of existence. Every office is doubled, every man is alternately a watcher and wiatched—not only the whole administrative maehinbry is in duplicate, but the most elaborate system of check and counter check on the most approved Machiavellian principle is here developed, with a minuteness and perfection as regards details difficult at first to realise. An interpreter engaged to come at a certain hour to see me. He was late, and when reproached, said quietly in Dutch, " that he could not come without his shadow," by which he described his double—in other words, his spy or watcher ! As upon all this is grafted a system of more than Oriental mendacity, one feels launched into a world of shadows and make-believes, hard to grapple with in the practical business of life. Of their mendacity, and e iews of it, I heard an amusing illustration the other day. One of these official gentry, upon a particular occasion, having been found in deli berate contradiction with himself by a foreign minister, was asked, somewhat abruptly perhaps, how he could reconcile it to his conscience to utter such palpable untruths ? With perfect calm ness and self-possession he replied, " I told you last month that such and such a thing had been done, and now I tell you the thing has not been done at all. lam an officer whose business it is to carry out the instructions I receive, and to say what I am told to say. I have nothing to do 'with its truth or falsehood." This must be pleasant hearing to those whose business chiefly lies with officials ; but perhaps the chief difference in the manners and cus toms of officials and diplomatists at the two extre mities of the great Continent may be after all more in forms than in things. In Europe official un truths are. also told now and then or sstematically ; and unblushingly enough too; but it.is not consi dered right to avow the fact with the same synical indifference to what may be thought of either the act or the avowal. If practised politicians and diplomatists ever blush in the western world it is at being found out—not at the consciousness of having tried to deceive. And this, by the way, is very much the case in China. A Chinese lies habi tually, and I believe more naturally than he speaks the truth under any circumstances ; but I have seen him colour and look confused when convicted in the act, at his own stupidity or clumsiness no doubt. But it would seem, by a great many illus trative anecdotes and some practical examples be fore my eyes since I entered the country, that the Japanese is a Stoic, signally above a sense of shame, whether deception or detection is the result of his labours. But to return to the Tycoon and the government of the early middle ages, with its suzerain and feuda tory fiefs, and a phantom king, with hereditary mayors of the palace, and chiefs with 10,000 re tainers, 'each holding himself as goad as the Tycoon, who always seems to live in dread of open revolt or secret assassination—a pleasant state of being. Each of these territorial potentates or great Damios is absolutely independent of the Tycoon when within his . own territory, with powcc of life and death over all his subjects and dependents. An imperial passport will not secure an intruder's life, and each is capable of giving the answer Hugh Capet pro voked by reminding a disobedient vassal of his duties and asking " who make him count ?" " Who made you King ?" was the proud reply ; and therefore, to keep such bold and independent lords in some sub jection, the Tycoon insists on their spending six months of every year in his capital at Yeddo, where they arc under his jurisdiction (though limited even when within his moated city) ; and when they re turn to their territories lie keeps their wives and children hostages. Thus it seems a fart her pleasant state of mutual love and confidence must be perpe tuated between the rival powers—hereditary Tycoon and hereditary feudal chiefs and princes. And thus is explained the enormous extent of the official quarters of the city within a double enceinte of gt forming a i c n i e s 1 ~ s awall,evidently i d their and hn et il ry families, moat, aann loilouter et se , and n screen dcr while e e whole h nfi o tn l o e e aa s ni t a r d e r e gm t e s acso w sui with ymoatedcourt yard, , an h d ou f s u e l s . ni e s zc h t i e n i g ld r in an g g a es th o o f u a s i a l n ar d tm fe e e n t t o s r fo m r o r r e e : l a o n l i a n r g m ogatesriai bearings, mark m an a a rk wood, with high roo f s those which are e property of the Damios or higher class of nobles. Vastgardensand. small forests were seen enclosed within the walls surrounding these princely-looking dom'iins, giving quite a peculiar character to the whole city. Nothing perhaps is more striking to the eye of a stranger on first penetrating through the commercial part of the city into the official quarters than the vast dimensions of all these feudal princes' residences in regard to space. The streets are at least a hundred yards wide ; the fronts of the houses, that is, the one-storied range of courtyard buildings, often extend nearly a quarter of a mile, and behind lies garden ground, and beautiful tim ber can be seen towering above, and giving a semi regal air to the whole quarter. No business is ever seen here. Nothing but retainers are ever visible with the armoriarcognizances of their masters worked on the back and sleeves of their tunic, often with bow and arrows slung. Once I met a guard with musket and bayonet fixed, which, if they did not come from European workshops, would to all appearance have done the best no discredit. One would think a score oa , two of these great hereditary chiefs, princes in their own right, each with five or ten thousand armed retainers within his town house , and grounds, would be but dangerous guests to the Tycoon, brought as they are under durance, or at least compulsion, by the ruling power to eat their substance away from their estates and sources of revenue. Still this same arrangement of cheek and counter check has been in existence far many generations. without, it would seem, any serious attempt to over throw the governmental system. Perhaps this is to he explained by the fact, already stated, that power has passed in no small degree from the' Tycoon's hands, as it did from the Mikados, and now resides chiefly in an executive council of state, consisting of six ministers, and these again are held in no small check by the Damios and feudal chiefs of the higher order, amounting to some 370 ; and although these do not actually form a chamber of lords nor assemble in a body at stated periods, nothing legislative can be done withouttheir assent obtained after they have been convened. It does not appear that they interfere with the executive rule of the empire, it being recognised as the proper business of the Tycoon and council of ministers to apply and cause to be respected all existing laws and customs. But neither the Tycoon nor the ministers separately or combined can :venture upon a change in these without their sanction and a farther confirmation by the phantom sovereign of Miaco, who shut up for life within its garden walls is occasionally recalled to a conciousness of an outer world by being required to give his authority for some legislative action or fundamental change of which he can know nothing. Ido not hear that it was ever refused: why should it be ? What can it matter to him, poor recluse, how they govern or misgovern the empire in mockery called his ? But I must attempt to tell you what Kanagawa (the port of Yeddo) and the capital itself present to the eye of a stranger for the first time ushered into this mysterious residence of feudal chiefs and re tainers of the middle ages, girdled with moat and bastion, and in still wider sweep encircled by a city, the extent of which no European yet can tell, and still less guess at the number of its swarming population. Is it two mil ions o: three? I cannot pretend to tell you. It is another London, which requires a twelvemonth to learn by heart, and a day's journey to traverse from end to end. Widely scattered along the western face of the bay, ascend ing by a gentle rise from the water's edge, and carried over several hills, or rather a belt of hills, of no great elevation ; its low one-storied houses (a ground floor and a garret), half-con cealed by the profusion of timber and foliage enclosed within the Damio's grounds,l7,and Buddhist temples plentifully scattered in all direc tions, give, upon the whole, a pleasant civilised air, but something quite different from any European city. There is nothing in the way of architecture or public building to mark a great city and the capital of a people far advanced in the arts of life and civili sation ; one very good reason for which is the fre quency of earthquakes. A few high and solid walls appear for defence round the two inner moated cities. These, rising some 30 or 40 feet from the water's edge, are built with great blocks of granite, curiously let into each other, every one at different angles, and, in their pecularity of construction and enormuus strength, seem to be able to resist even the earthquakes; but every other dwelling in the city, with obvious and especial reference to such conditions, is built on one model, of a framework of timber, strongly girded together, the sides filled up between them with a network of bamboo, and never more than two storeys in height, if a ground-floor and low garret deserve that title, and I should say are admirably fitted for resisting any ordinary shock. Even now, while writing, the whole house and the earth under my feet have been vibrating for more than a minute in a way not altogether comfortable; but the house showed no signs of distress, whatever the inmates may have done. And uow that you must have gained some kind of general idea of the position and outward aspect of Yeddo, come with me all through the streets. There are some officers of the American or British men-of-war in harbour going on a shopping cruise, and although neither you nor I wear;crowns on our caps, or epaulettes on our shoulders, they are numerous enough, and busy enough with their own eager curiosity, to allow us to join the party without appearing de &op. And now the boats have neared the shoal water, and we must all get out into those two or three miserable-looking little flat-bottomed punts, and be dragged over the mud on shore for the next quarter of a mile. The Tycoon need not have surrounad such a landing with well - trimmed bat teries as he has done—(how I wish I had some sheep grazing on their green-looking slopes in this sheepless, beefless land !) — for it would require an amphibious race to make a hostile descent here. And now we are arrived ; not even the mud sliders can get us further. What are we to do ? It is quite plain we have 20 yards of water, reaching half-way up our legs, either to wade through, or trust ourselves on the backs of our rice- ea ti ng friends there„ who seem willing to give us a lift. It is done. Now we clamber up a shabby wooden pier and rather dilapidated stone stops, and stand on the Great Tocado or road at the entran ce o f Y e dd o , leading from the capital to every p ar t o f th e em pire, and along which the Princes—th e D am i os an d Lamas—hereditary and merely official take their way, surrounded by their retain ers , w h en p ay i ng their annual visit to their " well-b e lo ve d cous i n " the Tycoon; or going their way r e j o i c i ng t o rega i n their liberty within their own t err it or i es , l eav i ng their wives and children behind; which may or may not, I have not had time to ascertain, be an arrange ment not altogether disagreeable to the parties con cerned. But it does not seem based on any great regard for the joys of domesticity. And here is one passing, •by the mos t f or t una t e concurrence . First approaches a sort of standard-bearer, with a tall staff, or lance, pointed in steel, and with some thing not a unlike a fl eur -d e -li s as a n emblem of authority; these vary according to the rank. Then a tall caparisoned riding-horse, led by two grooms —and not a bad looking beast either; than asquad of retainers, with the armorial bearings of their lord embroidered on the sleeves ; and now comes the great man himself, seated, or rather doubled up, in his norimon, a palankeen curtailed of half its length, so that instead of stretching your legs to the end, you are fain to stuff your knees into your mouth, or very near it. A Japanese tucks legs and knees both under his person (whatever his rank or dignity), or sits cross-legged, both of which feats require, as I know to my cost, some practice to render the fashion, however convenient, either easy or pleasant. This cage-like box has a roof re minding one of a Swiss toy ,ballet, and under the angle at the top a large and massive looking pole is thrust for thd bearers, so that the sitter is sus pended below. The poles seem disproportionately and unnecessarily massive and cumbersome; but upon inquiry one is relieved of any uncomfortable feeling about their weight; by being told they a re for the most part hollow ; but it is considered more consistent with dignity to have them of suc h ex t reme dimensions. This is a matter of taste and fashion. After the great man, who seems quite as curious to see you as you could be to catch a glimpse of him, come bearers of covers for his nori mon if it should main ; trunks with his wardrobe, a large parasol if the sun is hot, more led horses, a few attendants on horseback, and then a squad of archers and followers. And so passed on his way the Damio, meditating, perhaps (it might well be), on the sudden and strange revolution in his coun try which has brought the foreigners once more to the Japanese shores, and even into the streets and thoroughfares of the capital. JULY 28. I add a few lines to tell you that, by a vessel just arrived from Shanghai, news has reached us of the untoward result of the attempt to clear the way to Pekin for the English and French minis tors charged with the ratification of the treaties. This repulse, with great loss of ships and men on our side, will doubtless have a bad effect here, where difficulties enough existed already. Fortu• nately the ratifications of our treaty had been for mally exchanged hire by our diplomatic agent before this news arrived, or it might have been worse, for the party in power show in a thousand ways how little any treaty relations with foreign powers are to their taste. Questions of currency and choice of location at Kanagawa have hitherto made all trade impossible ; and although before the arrival of this news there were some signs of a dis position to give way on both these points under the pressure of strong remonstrances from the British and American representatives at Yeddo, it is im possible to be sanguine. It is quite certain that any trade or residence of foreigners se near the capital is very repugnant to those in power, and the whole body of Damios; j and they even go so far as to object to the officers of the foreign diplomatic mis sions at Yeddo and the consulates at Kanagawa passing freely along the road, and would reduce all communication to writing between a minister and his own consul not 17 miles off. This may suffice for a specimen of the spirit at work and the diffi culties in the way of both British and American representatives in their efforts to obtain a fair in terpretation of treaties, and the removal of obsta cles to trade of every possible kind. Nagasaki, fur ther removed, may present fewer difficulties. POLICE INTELLIGENCE, Nov. 1. LAMBETH.-CAUTION TO PERSONS ABOUT TO MARRY.—A fashionably-dressed female, whose ap pearance and manner bore evident proof of respec tability, applied to Mr. Yardley for his advice and assistance under the following somewhat singular and distressing circumstances : She stated that about three months ago a foreigner, of gentlemanly appearance, followed her in the street, and addressing her in broken Eng lish, begged permission to address her. his appear ance being that of a gentleman, she complied with his request, and he then represented that he was an Italian by birth, and a musician by profession, and had a great desire to get settled in London. He also said he had a great desire to get married, and offered to make her his wife. She of course told him that, being a perfect stranger to her, she could not say anything on a subject so important, but that if, after an introduction to her family, he was found to be what he represented, she should take their judgment in the matter. An appoint ment was arranged for a second interview, and after that she introduced the gentleman to her father, who approved of him as her future husband, and three weeks ago they were married with the per fect concurrence of her friends. Previous to the marriage taking place her husband repre sented that his father kept a music warehouse at Manchester, and was a man of considerable wealth, and that he had lived with him up to a short time since, when, on account of religious differences—his father being a Catholic and he himself a Protestant—they had agreed to part, his father at that time consenting to hand him over £l,OOO as soon ashe got settled. He further re presented that he could earn £3 and upwards a week at his profession as a musician, but from the day of their marriage up to Saturday last, when he disappeared, he had not earned asixpence, and kept freely spending her money. The week before last it was arranged that they should leave town on a visit to his father at Manchester, and for this pur pose he had packed up the wearing apparel of both in the same boxes, but hadby one excuse or the other delayed the time for a week. On Saturday morn ing last he received a letter, which he said etas from his father, requiring his immediate presence in Manchester, and suggested that as she was not prepared to leave at the moment he should go alone, and on reaching there should send for her. Having no suspicions of his intention, she did not offer any objection to this arrangement, and her husband started away with the whole of the boxes, &c., since which she had not heard a syllable from him. On the day before she (appli cant) called on a tailor on whom she had given her husband an order for a suit. of clothes, in hope of being able to learn something about him, and he referred her to the shop of a tailor in the City, where she learned, from the description she had given of him, that he was only a journeyman tailor, and had been employed there about a month before, and further that he was a married man at that time. Mr. Yardley observed that if this was the fact, that he was a married man at the time he married the applicant, he could be severely punished. The applicant said her husband, as she called him, had carried away her gold watch and chain, and dresses belong to her to a considerable amount, be sides spending upwards of £7O in money, her sav ings, and she wished to know whether he could return and earry away her goods, as she was told he could. Mr. Yardley said he should protect her against that, and advised her at once to proceed to the station-house close by, and give a description of the person she spoke about, and he had no doubt that every exertion would be made to trace him out, and also to ascertain his previous history. The applicant said she should act upon his wor ship's suggestion, and having thanked his worship for the attention with which he had heard her, proceeded to the station-house. CASE OF VIOLATION.—The magistrate was en gaged for some time in further investigating the charge of rape against James Stephen Rowe, and after receiving the testimony of the whole of the witnesses, strongly confirmatory of his guilt, he committed the prisoner for trial. Mr. S. Solomon, who attended for the prisoner, applied for his being admitted to bail, but his ap plication was refused, Mr. Yardley remarking that the charge was of too serious a character. HAMMERSMITH.— ROBBERIES IN OMNI BUSES.—SINGULAR CASE.—Louisa Ward, a middle very gent ee l y att i re d , was b roug ht uagpedonwomm, remand r before Mr. Ingham, charged with stealing a purse containing gold and silver from the dress-pocket of a lady named Elizabeth French, while riding in a Richmond omnibus. When the prisoner was first examined the evi dence was exceedingly slight against her, but it will be seen th a t on this occasion the case assumed a different appearance. On Friday afternoon, the 21st ult., Mrs. French, who resides at Richmond, entered an omnibus at that place for London. and sat down next to the prisoner, Who was also a pas senger. The prosecutrix had her purse, which 1 contained a sovereign, a half-sovereign , and 19s. in silver, in her dress-pocket, on the right hand side, next to the prisoner. Mrs. French noticed that she appeared very of fidgety, and upon reaching the middle Ham mersmith she suddenly alighted and went off in a great hurry. The omnibus went on again, and had not proceeded eo de o df tl a o r m b oo. Theeforeit stopped to take up a lady and prosecutrix lifted her dress to make room, and she then noticed that her pocket felt very light, and upon feeling she immediately missed her purse. She at once made her loss known, and another pas senger, who had also noticed the prisoner's fidgety conduct, suspected her of the robbery, and went in search of her. He was unable to find her, but shortly afterwards, while he was standing in the Broadway with the prosecutrix, he observed the prisoner approaching from the direction of the Bridge-road. She was then given into custody, but she stoutly denied the robbery, and neither the purse nog its contents could be found. However, on being searched, two pocket-books and a card case were found upon her, also two bunches of keys. When before the magistrate she said she had picked up one of the bunches of keys in town, and that the other things belonged to her. She also spoke of her high respectability, and that she received favours from the Hon. Mrs. Lamb, of Richmond, and further, that her son had been educated by the Duke of Devonshire. The magis 'trate was at first disposed to believe that the pri soner was innocent of the charge, and ought to be acquitted, but upon it appearing from the evidence of the constable that she told him that after leaving the omnibus she made a visit to a female at 9A, Brook-street, Hammersmith, which turned out to be untrue, he remanded her for a few days, but offered to take bail. On the next examination, Mrs. French added some facts to her evidence which strengthened the suspicions against her. She stated that, while in the omnibus, she felt a hand along the right side of her waist, and that when she reached the station she found the frill of her jacket turned up, which was not the case before she entered the omnibus. It was also stated by Sergeant Oatley that a tumbler, which was found upon the prisoner, had been stolen from a public-house at Richmond, but that the °wosr refused to press the charge. Upon the application of this officer, who was instructed to make inquiric a, she was further remanded. Miss Louisa Dunk, a young lady, residing at 13, Clarendon-villas, Clarendon-road, Notting-hill, now stated that on the 15th ult. she was riding in an omnibus with her sister, when on reaching Oxford street a female, very much resembling the prisoner, got in, and sat down next to her on the right side. The omnibus was very much crowded, and during the journey she thought she felt the woman's hand in her pocket. She felt for her purse and found it safe. Shortly afterwards the woman got out of the omnibus and went away. When they reached near London-bridge she felt again for her purse, and it was gone. It was a pocket-book and purse com bined, and contained half a sovereign and some silver. Sergeant Oatleyproduced one of the pocket-books found upon the prisoner, and the witness immedi ately identified it as the one she had lost. She knew the book by its general appearance, and also because it still bore some of her handwriting upon the leaves. She also added that the more she saw the prisoner the more convinced she was that she was the sam?, woman who got into the omnibus and sat next to her. Miss Elizabeth Duuk also gave similar evidence. Mr. Martin, who appeared for the prisoner on this occasion, offered no defence, and said his client, by his advice, would plead guilty to the first case. Mr. Ingham inquired if she was known. Inspector Grimmer, of the T division, said she had been seen by a constable from each division, and they were unable to identify her. Mr. Ingham then asked the prisoner if she pleaded guilty or not guilty. The prisoner said she bought the pocket-book of A woman in Oxford-street for Gd. Mr. Ingham asked her what she had to say to he first purse, which was not found. The prisoner said she never had it. Mr. Ingham said in than case she must go for e prisoner said she did not understand. She would plead guilty, but she never had the purse. Mr. Ingham said he could not deal with the ca se with that plea, and fully committed her for trial. After she had been locked up, Mr. Martin entered the Court, and said that his client was anxious for his worship to deal summarily with the case, and she would plead guilty, andthat she now thoroughly understood her position. The prisoner was again. placed in the dock, and the depositions in both cases read over. She then said that she would withdraw her plea, but Mr. Ingham said he had decided upon sending her for trial on both charges. THE STATE OF TRADE. LEEDS, Nov. I.—The woollen cloth markets td day have been very quiet, and a comparatively small amount of business has been done in the clot h halls. At the warehouses, too, there was not much business done. The general condition and prospects of the trade, however, are satisfactory. Prices, those of cloth as well as those of wool, are firm. MANCHESTER, Nov. I.—There bas been conside rably more business in the yarn market, and pric es have advanced fully 0. to id. per lb. on the q ll °' tations of this day week. The good demand lb!, water twist for China during last Thursday an d Friday, and which exists again this day 115 e had the effect of bringing buyers for Germany mor e freely into the market at the advanced - prices, sou a good deal of business has been done for the COn; tinent. Spinners have declined offers at the rates last week, being mostly well sold, but have met the market more freely at the advance quoted above. The better news from Calcutta have'not led to much business in yarns, but still some purchases w are made where spinners would accept the prices. ro i l ' the Mediterranean a moderate business is repo ' but the demand was not active. A better feeling among manufacturers has led also to some fan orders for home consumption. The better advi c , e " . referred to from Calcutta came to hand ill a tele gram received by a leading firm late on Saturday night, were to the 10th of October (bringing aowl„ commercial intelligence to within 19 days), g, l " to were at first discredited. It has, however, le d f some activity in cloth, though merchants, awar e o r the custom which prevails on the 6th of Octobe one of the principal holidays, have been led to t i c with more reserve than under ordinary eirc il- ; stances. The custom alluded to is a superstitionto belief that purchases on that day are necessary good luck during the remainder of the year. Thag . this may have swelled the purchases up to the 10 ' many operations have been based on the telegr.tut There has also been a fair busineSs in low shirtor o for China. Some extensive sales have been 11 1 in T-cloths, and the market has been rather more active than for some weeks pasts w i rather more firmness in prices. 11 le is ROCHDALE, Nov. I.—The trade of Rocu-a active at present, especially the woollen departinew This is evidenced by the fact that in Sept er° o f 1858, according to the statistical report of one, no the local police superintendents, there cottages andll7 cellar dwellings empty ; "iv i ; b e e fid n September last, although 101 new houses bau. 40 2 built in the course of the year, there were only genera. empty ones and 50 empty cellar dwellings. COUIVTIZY MARIBTS. SHEFFIELD—Nov. 1. The show of wheat was small and the trade dully be l l. confined to retail requirements, without chang e in I t o , . Owing to the inclemency of the weather the atteu dane day was small. No change in barley, oats, or flour. „, a Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial buihels 16s Od to Lin White ,1 lBB Od to 2ss n " l7s Od to 17 0 TI New red )1 New white „ " lBs Od to 19 4 n o u d ), l.6s 6d to 2°5 od Beans 17/ Peas, per qr 44s Od to iio, 9 „ si Grinding barley, per qr Malting ditto, /) Oats Millers' prices for flour—ls 6d, ... '''''' * an .332833 : 58g°1 - cidd : (°l°:3;:7l 141 b. LES—Nov. 1. • 05 h i The market to-day E was D only n oticeable by stead _ 0 price and a moderate demand. No change, there made in the quotations of last week. Arrivals this week : Wheat 3,231 qrs. Barley 5BO Oats Rapeseed Beans — Linseed Flour ........ - - Averages for the week Wheat 1,764 qrs., at 463 Old Peas —..— ” _.s Ott Beans 53 42s 71d, 8ar1ey......... 2,136 ~ 3Bs /II Oats l9B 2 0 3s 1 a Ryc '-'. ........ s . fl ....... NEWC ASTLE-0 which We had a moderately good suppl of wheat to-daY , r iot quint barley demand, in a l t a fullyir request,the and ci es . :3. f i? l a r s t a :: : ~; met day. a curreli as ,__ h in pt , Oats unchanged in value. Beans scarce, at late Wheat4s t° 3v .... 40s to 45s 0at5 ... ......... 2 w --0 White do 44s to 50s Beans .......... I s to 4SI Barley 38s to 425 Ditto, old .. • ••• •'4 NORWICH CATTLE—OcT. 29. stor e Our market to •day was one of the largest show , rt. , cattle that has bee n seen thi s year, comprising Scosts,o a2c l $ g O3 00 4 horns, Devons, and Irish. A fair attendan ce, business done. Iris h• 4° Scots, 5s to 5s 6d ; shorthorns 4s 6d to 5s 6d i . hi . w befs to 4s 6d ; Devons, 4s 6d to 5s dd (estimated wolP fat). Fat beasts firm, 7s 6d to 8s 6d per stone, tear' ance. who At Shee . p—The pens were tolerably well Tad. -,- 80 to sheep in demand at 39s to 40$ per head. $hP 8s Gd per stone. 4. pork' Pi 0 - s —A • to 353 • far good supply. Store pigs 20s f 7s 6d to 8s 6d per stone . . without ac. FOREIGN MAIL PACKET irs En the following table E signifies that letters are deslltche3 10, by eyening mails from London, and 31 by morning 01" by evening mails from London, and M by morn,... - , Di g el air DESTINATIONS. Despa tch Port of due. of ails.MDespatc. ......„..,... ____________—i --- Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseilles Bahamas and Havana via New E Liverp ool.• Nov. 2 York Nov. Nov 1 1 2 8: 3 E I S .. o . u . t . h . araP: DINg golf, 14 4 ..... : 2 .. N0v.25, Canada, &c. (by Canadn. pckt.) Nov. —, E Liverpool. • Cape of Good Hope, Ascen sion, and St. Helena Nov 5, E Dev"port D e° ' 2 China, Penang, and Singa- Sof. .4 2 pore, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseilles Gibraltar, via Southampton Nov. 4, M SouthatriP. R ot , 10 Honduras and Blewilelds In v d i l a a Southampt on (Bombay) 2 India (Calcutta) and Ceylon, Ditto, via Marseilles ampton N0v.12 31 Southamp. so , 4 Ditto, via Marseilles Lisbon, Brazils,lluenos Ayres, 14'0 5 and F. Islands Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto Nov. 7, 31 SouthamP• Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via NoV• / Southampton Ditto, via Marseilles 3lexico and Havana Nov. —, M SouthaslP• •' •-• Newfoundland Nov. 4, E Galway •• • • via South- NN:vv:l°4" 1 S ' ::)•u•t•h• a . ........ . 0i• .. United States and British N. , NOV. $ America (by British packet) Nov. 5; E Liverpool . ' --- sv D decs i it t r t la oL a b li y ad, U ,Cr . ae S nlif . eo p rir a ffn e ei let) .. . . Nov —, E Sou,thanlP• West Coast of Africa, Ma- 05 f• zuela, Chili, Peru, Vene- Grey- le Nov. 23 E Liver Poo l• • ifof• town, New Granada, Sc. BIRTHS. 4 to BOWER.—On the 31st ult., at 1, Mecklenburgbestree wife of Mr. A. P. Bower, of a son. of fh BITTLESTON.—On the 19th Sept., at Madras, ---a Wife Sir Adam Bittleston, of a daughter. the the GUNNING.—On the 31st ult ,at the Hall, Wiga n ' of G. W. Gunning, of a son.. o r s . L. 1 ' M LINGEAN.—On the Ist inst., at Du lwich, Lindeman, of a son. MARRIAGES. , „betpt LtE—DixoN.--On the 31st silt., at St. Mary%_,14,61;;;.b5119 Nicholas Lee, Esq. of the Board of Trade, ww'iceotr son of John Lee, isq.,' of Maryon-road, Charito%ol 1• . to Caroline Augusta, youngest daughter of NS TIIII Dixon, Esq., of Woodlands, Tulso-hill. ~ ChoP ell Leeds, the Rev. L. B.A ,of Lynn' HULL—BiNics.—On the 27th ult., at South-p a ra p d- v _, i na l l to ' o pt eldest daughter of W. 13. Hull, , 8.A., a Racv d°ll ' mns Lends. DEATHS. 1 4 0 d BAYLE ut E .t .— econ On tvh.theje2olB37lhsTt:ui.trl nit., at lal a t t ßr l ad 3 yd ii.e:e,b,Cuoirg. Edinburgh, Compton - :o r - -' a e : to, os B R t. () ti n e ' of Thos. Bruce, Esq., of Arnot, aged 51. 1. c• v* BRISTED.—On the 29th ult., at Dorchester, th e lte Bristed, aged 85. , ~ of FPARINGTON.—On the 30th ult., H enr y Flaring ° ariebone, Wigan, banker • • Xis. M LcoLm.—On the 30th ult., at Rose-terrace , rer } h ' isriii Malcolm, Esq., M.D., H. E.I.C.S. PunuA.N.—On the 29th ult., at East Hill, ViTh ild6sv°l4ll s llll James Pulman, Esq., Cl arenceu x King of Ar3sll* Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod, aged 77. ~" th e STONE.—On the 26th ult., at Wootton Rivers, - Rev. T. Stone, D.D., aged 83. 1 t of tr WIGG.—On the 30th ult., Joseph Wing, ESq' , ' Le n l' t 60th Rifles, younger son of George Wigg, 101 " -f Piccadilly. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO N o I'g of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun offire,T: 6 J Strand, in the Preoinot of the Savoy, in th 0 Middlesex, Wednesday, Novemb9r 2; 1859.