The Sun. — London, England, 1860-09-14 00:00:00

THE NAVY. A letter from Malta, dated Valetta, Sept. 8, says : —" Her Majesty's line-of-battle ships St. Jean d'Acre and Orion are cruising off the Island, and the Queen, which had also been cruising for some days in sight -of Malta h ,has left for Tunis, in consequence of a feeling of uneasiness having been created among the Christian inhabitants by the attitude of certain Moslem fanatics. Her Majesty's frigate Melpomene has__ left for Corfu, and the corvette Greyhound for Beyrout, Her Majesty's screw troopship Himalaya arrived here on the sth inst. from Portsmouth and Gibraltar, with draughts of regiments for Malta and Corfu, as follow :—Captain D. Hill, 40th Regi ment, and wife ; Lieut. Graves, 3d Buffs; Surgeon Crocker, 3d Buffs, wife, and three children; Assis tant -Surgeon Hinton, 15th Regiment • Ensign Gar _ 00 a, 22d Regiment; Ensign Ferley,22d Regiment; Assistant-Com.-Gen. Downes, Surgeon Hindley, wife, and son ; Ensign Bates, 2d Regiment ; Ensign Williams, 4th Regiment; Ensign Hare, 9th Regi ment, 214 non-commissioned officers and men, 10 women, and three boys. She left for Corfu this morning with the following troops:—Surgeon Hind. ley, 2d Regiment ; Ensign Bates, 2d Regiment ; Ensign Williams, 4th Regiment; Ensign Hare, 9th Regiment; Ensign Hennessy, 9th Regiment, 15 1 men and 3 women. Her Majesty's gunboat Mo hawk arrived here on the 6th inst. from Beyrout, and her Majesty's line-of-battle ship Caesar yester day from Naples and Messina. The Csar escorted from Naples a small English steamer called the Or well, the seizure of which at Genoa about a fort night ago by someltalians, your readers are already informed. The Orwell Was navigated from Naples to this place by Lieut. Patterson and 22 seamen of the Royal navy ; her original crew of 10 English sailors and the following Italians, the former as wit nesses and the latter as prisoners, were brought here on board the Caesar :—Commander P. Pi lotti, Second-Lieutenant R. Settembrini, Messrs. N. Sixi, F. Ferand, and L. de Maria, offi cers; J. Susa, engineer; G. Cappello. and M. Ronscher, stokers; and A. Smeriglio, servant. It appears that she had been partly purchased by the partisans of Garibaldi, though entirely without his knowledge or sanction, but the sale had not been quite effected. The intended purchasers being anxious for possession, seized and ran away with her, for the purpose of assisting the Italian libera tor in some way or other ; thus, however honest their intentions, committing a piratical act. The Admiral received notice of the occurrence, and orders were issued to apprehend her, which was ac cordingly done on the 29th ult. at Messina by Capt. Lambert, of her Majesty's corvette Scylla, who boarded her, and informed the parties on board that they had illegally got possession, ordering them to proceed to Naples with the steamer, and give her up to the Britishnaval authorities there. This order they immediately complied with, and the vessel has been sent here for adjudication. The Italian officers who have been apprehended for this affair are reported to be gentlemen of high honour and integrity, and had no intention to commit a fraudu lent or illegal act. The Cesar is on her way to Beyrout. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Ellora, with the heavy portion of the out ward Bombay mail, arrived on the sth inst., at 2 p.m., and left on the following day at 8 a.m., for Alexandria. The Vectis, of the same company, with the Overland portion of the mail, arrived here at 10.30 p.m. on the 7th, from Marseilles, and left a few hours afterwards for Alexandria. Among the passengers by the Vectis for Malta were Major- Gen. Horne, Marchioness of Downshire, Lord and Lady A. Hill, Earl of Hillsborough, and Major Earle, 27th Regiment. The Peninsular and Orien tal Company's steamer Alhambra, chartered by the French Government for the conveyance of troops to Alexandria, on their way to China, has passed Malta on return to Marseilles, after landing the first detachment. The following English screw steamers have touched here since Saturday last in clusive :—The Zebra, from London and Gibraltar, on Ist inst., for Corfu; the Smyrna, from London, Gibraltar, and Genoa, on let inst., for Smyrna ; the Admiral Kanaris, from Patras, on the Ist inst., for London ; the Modern Greece, from London and Ryde, on the 2d inst., for Smyrna ; the Cairo, from Alexandria, on 3d inst., for Gibraltar and Liver pool ; the Una, from London, on 4th inst., for Con stantinople and Odessa; the Hecla, from Smyrna, on 4th inst., for Liverpool. All the above vessels have taken their departure, after coaling, for their respective destinations. Th 2. Yonne, Aube, and Fi aistere (French screw troop-ships), and the Cere (French screw line-of-battle ship), have touched during the past week, returning to France from conveying French troops to Syria. They all left, after a brief stay, for Toulon, except the Finistere, -which proceeded to Algiers. A spacious and airy building at St. Julian's, once belonging to a Knight of the order of St. John named Spinola, and called after him, has been taken on a long lease by the military authorities, for the purpose of converting it into a hospital in connection with the camp and barracks at St. George's Bay, which, out of compli ment to the present Secretary at War, Mr. S. Her bert, has been called after his family title, ' Pem broke Camp.' From similar motives, in regard to the principal medical officer of this garrison, Dr. Forrest, the new hospital at St. Julian's has, by di rection of his excellency the lieutenant-general com manding, been named Forrest, Hospital. The French steamer Du Trembley arrived this morning from Tunis, which place she left on the 6th inst. The Queen, line•of-battle-ship, arrived at Tunis on the sth. The dervish who had been exciting the peo ple against the Christians had been arrested, taken to the Bardo under a strong escort, and beheaded, by order of the Bey. His Highness was preparing to leave Tunis for a few days to be present at the fete at Algiers in honour of the French Emperor's visit. With the execution of the fanatical dervish, all apprehensions of any Mussulman outbreak had entirely vanished, and the country was perfectly tranquil by the last accounts. It is probable, how ever, that the Qu een wi • ll remain some weeks in the neighbourhood, as a l e tt er informs me that a con tract has been entered into to supply her with fresh provisions for a month." The Lords of the Ad mira y It the Duke of So merset, Vice-Admiral R. S. pandas, Lord C. Paget, and Mr. Whitbread—arrived at Portland on Wed nesday afternoon in the Admiralty yacht Osborne, on the annual visit of inspection to the extensive defensive and other works now in progress of con struction. The Coastguard ship Colossus, 80 , fired a salute of 19 guns as the yacht entered the harbour. The distinguished party were received on arrival by Capt. F. Scott, of her Majesty's ship Colossus; Mr. Goode, chief engineer; and Mr. Leather, con tractor of the breakwater works. Their lordships on landing proceeded at once up the great inclined planes down which is conveyed the stone used in the formation of the breakwater, and visited the Verne Fort or citadel on the summit of the island. Major Nugent, commanding Royal Engineers, under whose superintendence the War Department works at Portland are being carried out, was here in attendance, and accompanied their lordships over this stupendous fortification. The guns for this lofty and impregnable stronghold will shortly be placed in position, and will effectually protect the fine new harbour below it. The granite circu lar battery at the end of the in ner b rea k water was also inspected, after which their lordships re turned to the arrived a t P ortsmouth Osborne, an d The Osbo rne ma d e morning at 9 50. yesterday fast to the buoy off the King's-stairs, -where the Lords of the Admiralty soon afterwards dis embarked, and, after visiting the office of the Ad miral Superintendent, co mmence d their annual official inspection of the dockyard, accompaniedby Rear-Admiral Superintendent the Hon. George Grey, Capt. George T. Gordon, and the various officials of the yard. The new works for the erec tion of the coaling jetty at the Watering Island, which stands in the Naval Estimates for 1860-1 in the total estimate column at .£16,377, were first visited. The course next taken was past the south jetty, where the Megrer a was em b ar ki ng th e Dur• ham Militia Artill ery for Plyreouth, and whore Capt. Eden was detained for some time, to the works being carried out by the contractors, Messrs. swith and Co., at Nos. 7 and io docks. Th ese wor k s are now nearly at a standstill, as the authorities have found it impossible as yet to hand No. 7 dock I over to the contractors, who require it in order to cut through the heading from No. 10, a new dock, and from the required junction between the two docks. This work, when finished, will give a deeper and more direct entrance to the steam-basin from ;he harbour. The two docks will gave a length between their outer caissons of 645 feet. No. 10 will give an internal length, with the caissons in extreme sunk grooves, of 352 feet 4 inches ; and by placing the western caisson at the outer rebate it will give a length of 366 feet 2 inches. The width of this dock between the entrance piers, at the cop ing, is 88 feet 6 inches. No. 7 dock, which will be, as before stated, a continuation of No. 10, the two forming a new and more convenient entrance to the steam-basin, is neither so wide nor deep as No. 10. The two docks will be fitted with three caissons, two of which, at each end, are already in their places ; the third will divide them into two in dependent docks when requisite. Passing over the caisson at the junction of No. 7 dock with the steam-basin, the blacksmiths' shop was passed through, and the building slips next re ceived their Lordships' attention. In Nos. 1 and 2 the Glasgow, 51, screw, and the Chanticleer, 17, screw, are fast approaching completion. The Chanti cleer is built from the drawings of the Rinaldo, 17, screw, and was laid down on the 2d of February in the present year. In the next slip the Dryad, 51, screw, a sister vessel to the Glasgow, is getting her midship timbers well into position. She was laid down on the 2d of January in the present year. In No. 4 slip the Royal Alfred, 91, screw, has her mid ship and after framing well up, and has her stem ready for setting up. The adjoining slip is having the blocks prepared to receive the keel of the Kent, 91, screw. These slips are being lengthened by the head, the increased length of our ships of war of late having outgrown the sheds under which they are built. In No. 10 dock, at the north-west corner of the yard, an open dock, the Octavia 50-gun frigate is undergoing conversion to a screw. One of the novelties of her fitment will be a treble craft to her shaft. From the Octavia the caisson at the north-west corner of the steam-basin was crossed, and their Lordships proceeded along the north wall to the entrance of the contemplated new north inlet dock from the steam basin, and which stands in the estimates at £77,161, only £5,000 of which, how ever, has been taken for the present year. The woodyard was next visited, and here were piles of Italian oak, cut and squared into timbers for the six new gunboats ordered to be built at Hasler yard ; and also for the Harlequin, 17, screw, ordered to be laid down on the slip now occupied by the Chanti cleer, when vacant. The timbers are also in course of pieparation here for the Kent, 91, screw, and two frigates, the Barham and the Briton, both to be constructed from the same designs as the Glasgow and the Dryad. Alongside the north wall of the steam basin, the drill-room of the Civil Service Volunteer corps, the new foundry just completed by the contractors, the ropery, &c., were next suc cessively inspected. The Prince Regent, 91, con verting to a screw in No. 3 dock, and which was placed here on the Bth of February last, was next cursorily looked at by their lordships, as was the Volcano, finishing repairs in the next dock, and the Coquette, 6, screw steamer, in No. 5 dock, which last-named vessel is receiving heavy repairs to her midship and fore body. After luncheon on board the Osborne their lordships proceeded up harbour to the Sirius target ship, lying in Porchester lake, to inspect the various targets affixed to her side, and which have lately been experimented upon from the Stork's guns. Three new plates have been tried within the last few days, consisting of the " ridge and furrow" surface plate, and two plain iron plates, upwards of 11 feet each in length by three feet three inches in breadth, and 41 inches thick. Of these the "ridge and furrow" stood the least knocking about, being broken, in fact, by the first shot fired against it. The two other plates are also broken, as all other vertical plates have been. The only results of importance that have been obtained have been the success of of the Jones's angulated principle. In that in stance the portion of the target representing the section of a vessel's side at the back of the plates, has been left perfectly undisturbed by the severe firing to which it was subjected, whereas in all other instances the broken plates have broken through planking and timbers, and in this way the broken plate has proved more injurious to the ship's side than the shot would have been had it carried a piece of the plate with it clear through. On their return from the Sirius their lordships went on board the Osborne. In the evening they were entertained at dinner at the Admiralty-house, by Vice-Admiral H. W. Bruce, the Commander-in- Chief at the port. Her Majesty's Royal yacht Fairy has been placed in No. 6 dock at Portsmouth, to clean bot tom, &e., in readiness to attend upon her Majesty. Preparations have also been made to receive the Victoria and Albert in No. 7, for the same purpose. The screw corvette Orpheus, 21, 400-horse power, has had her machinery put on board at Chatl.am, and is now being fitted for the steam reserve ordi nary at that port. The Severn, 51, screw steam frigate, made her official trial of speed this day at Sheerness. The frigate the harbour at 8 a.m., in charge of Captain Schomberg, commanding the steam reserve at Sheerness, whence she proceeded to the trial ground off Maplin Sands. The Severn is nominally of 500. horse power. Tier engines worked beautifully, with very little variation in the revolutions, and gave general satisfaction. The trial lasted seven hours. The mean speed attained was 12.526 knots per hour ; draught of water forwards, 17ft. 6in. ; aft, 19ft. Bin. (Griffiths' screw). The pitch of screw on trial was 20ft., but it can be altered to 22ft. There was a total absence of hot bearings, and the trial was pronounced eminently successful. The screw steamsloop Espoir, Commander Sholto Douglas, left Plymouth Sound on Wednesday for the West Coast of Africa. The contract-built gunboat Speedy having been coppered, was appointed to be put out of No. 4 dock at Devonport yesterday. Admiral Superintendent Sir Thomas S. Pasley struck his flag on Wednesday evening on board the . Royal Adelaide, and proceeded on leave of absence. The Master-Attendant, Commander James Brown does duty during the absence of Sir Thomas. We have to announce the death of retired Vice- Admiral George Hewson, who died a few days since. The gallant deceased was one of the small surviving number of Trafalgar officers. He entered the navy in 1788 under Sir Hyde Parker, and was midshipman on board the St. George at the siege of Toulon and at the reduction of Corsica. Whenin the Britannia he took part in Hotham's action in 1795 , was lieutenant of the Inconstant at the cap ture of the French frigate L'Unite, and when in the Boadicea, assisted in her boats at the destruc tion of a convoy in the Passage du Raz, and was officially noticed for cutting out a lugger of six guns from under the batteries of St. Matthews. He commanded a division of boats, cutting out from Corunna the Spanish gunship Nep tune. The late Admiral was First-Lieutenant of the Dreadnought at Trafalgar, and of the Superb at Copenhagen. He commanded the Fleche in the Walcheren expedition, and assisted at the reduc tion of Flushing, and on the evacuation of the Bri tish he covered their retreat. Since May, 1816, the late Admiral had not seen any active service. His commissions bore date as follows ;--Lieut., March 16, 1795 ; commander, October 1, 1807 ; captain, January 1, 1817 ; rear-admiral, June 16, 1851; and vice -admiral, July 30, 1857. The following appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty :—Commander William Mould, to the Edinburgh, additional, for coastguard service; John W. W. Green, paymaster, additional, to the Colossus. [Anvp .wristmErcr.l Holloway's Pills and Ointment. --Giddiness, headache, Palsy.—These first two symptoms are usually the forerunners of serious diseases, and if ne glected palsy or apoplexy too often follow. The instant giddiness, dimness of sight, or headache come on, Hollo way's ointment should be freely rubbed into the nape and glands of the neck, at the same time that his pills are being taken internally. The patient's safety depends on the as siduity with which the " direction s for use" are carried out. Holloway's rem e di es repress these symptoms by drawing the blcod from the head. Sufficient pills should be taken to act briskly as a pirgative. The diet must be regulated. Holloway's ointment and pills are obtain able in every country, at a very moderate outlay. THE SUN, LONDON, rRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 14, 1860, THE ARMY• The 2d battalion of the 19th Regiment arrived in Portsmouth yesterday morning from the camp at Aldershott. Yesterday morning another large party of con valescent cavalry and infantry troops, who recently arrived at Chatham garrison, from India, wounded and disabled, left the invalid establishment, St. Mary's Barracks, and proceeded to join their respective depots. 94 non-commissioned officers and men of various corps, who had been inspected by a Board of Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital and found unfit for further service, were also dis charged from the invalid depot at the same time and forwarded to their respective homes ; each non commissioned officer and private having been granted a pension according to his length of service. Lieut. Cautley and a detachment of Royal En gineers are ordered to proceed from head-quarters, Chatham, to the School of Musketry at Hythe, on the 21st inst., to go through a course of rifle in struction at that establishment. Capt. Phelips, Royal Artillery, 2 sergeants and 52 gunners, left head-quarters, Woolwich, yester day, for St. Helena. The following changes were yesterday announced in the Woolwich division of Royal Marines :—Capt. Frazer, appointed to proceed on board her Majesty's ship Mars for service, vice Webb, ordered to As cension ; Capt. Seymour, to her Majesty's ship St. Jean d'Acre, vice Davies, returned to England, OR recommendation for two months' leave of absence ; Capt. Kennedy, to Deptford, vice Seymour, to the St. Jean d'Acre; Lieut.-Col. Parke, to recruiting at Bath, to relieve Lieut.-Col. Lambrick, appointed to Plymouth division. THE WAR IN TILE ROMAN 2EBBITO.RIES. We have not had long to wait for the decision of the King of Sardinia upon the advice proffered to him by the French semi-official press. The troops of Victor Emmanuel have entered the Roman ter ritories, and war has begun in good earnest. Gen. Cialdini has taken Pesaro, which was already an nounced as being in a:state of insuri3ction, and with the town 1,200 Germans and Mor signor Bella have fallen into his hands. Orvieto has also surren dered. This is a dashing beginning of the cam . paign, and a step that can - not be retracted. Sar dinia has abandoned the temporising policy which she had adopted since the armistice of Villafranca. She no longer oscillates backwards and forwards, but throws in her lot with the Italian revolution. Policy has done her work, all that negotiation, all that balancing and temporising could effect has been effected, and there is nothing left for it but to fight it out manfully to the last. We may easily imagine the motives that have driven Sardinia to this decisive step. So long as she and her King were the only recognised representatives of the Italian movement she might feel herself at liberty to consult her own safety, and await quietly the march of events ; but the Italian movement is no longer under the exclusive direction of the Sar dinian Government. Victor Emmanuel has in Gar baldi a most formidable competitor—a man of that mould of which the successful leaders of great popu lar uprisings are made,—a man utterly regardless of self, and not to be acted on by any of the meaner motives by which common men are to be controlled. The conqueror of Naples and Sicily is suite certain not to arrest his advance at the frontier of the Ro man States. The momentum that he has gained seems sufficient to carry him over all the resistance which the States of the Church can offer, and to bring him with a violent shock into collision with the Austrian power in Venice. For such a con summation the Sardinian Government is not pre- pared. It sees plainly that if things hold their -pre sent course a little longer it will be in the power of Garibaldi to drag Piedmont as well as all the rest of Italy into a conflict with Austria, and to force her to risk all she has gained in an encounter where the probabilities of success are against her. She must, therefore, at whatever cost or risk, make her self once more mistress of the revolution. She must lead, that she may not be forced to follow. She must revolutionise the Papal States, in order that she may put herself in a position to arrest a dangerous revolutionary movement against Venetia. There is some reason to think that in a recent interview the Emperor of the French has been induced to see things from this point of view, and that no danger is apprehended on the side of France. These motives are amply sufficient to ac count for the decisive movement of Victor Em manuel. He lives in revolutionary times, when self preservation has superseded all other considerations, and it would be childish to apply to his situation the maxims of international law which are applica ble to periods of tranquillity. These being the motives which have impelled Piedmont to draw the sword, we have next to see what are the grounds on which she justifies the step. These grounds are two—the extraordinary misrule and oppression of the Papal Government, and the presence of large bands of foreign mercena ries, by which the country is oppressed and ter rorised. The object is said to be to give the people an opportunity of expressing their own wishes and the re establishment of civil order. The King pro mises to respect the seat of the Chief of the Church —Rome, we suppose, and its immediate environs ; but, while holding out this assurance, the manifesto speaks of the Pope and his advisers in terms of bit terness and acrimony unusual in the present age, even in a declaration of war. He will teach the people forgiveness of offences, and Christian tole rance to the Pope and his General. He denounces the misguided advisers of the Pontiff and the fana ticism of the wicked sect which conspires against his authority and the liberties of the nation. This is harsh language, and is not inconsistently seconded by the advance of 50,000 men. We have not scrupled to avow the opinion that the motives which urge the King of Sardinia to invade the territory of a neighbour with whom he is nominally at peace, and whom he. has already stripped of half his dominions, are not wholly, or even principally, those which his declaration puts forward; and yet we do not scruple to say that we heartily wish the King success. For this we have many reasons. In the present condition of Southern and Northern Italy it is quite impossible to prevent a people outraged and trampled upon like the subjects of the Pope from rising in prema ture, and, if their own strength alone be considered, in hopeless insurrection. At Fossombrone the in surrection has been put down by force, and the telegraph informs us of what we can well believe — that scenes similar to those of Perugia have been enacted. The war began between the Pope and his subjects before the Piedmontese crossed the frontier, and we well know how the soldiers of the Cross make war. We do not wish to see Lamoriciere and his Condottieri carrying fire, slaughter, and viola tion through the dominions of the Pope, and justify ing the rule of the Vicegerent of heaven by deeds which hell itself might blush to look upon. This band of mercenaries is a menace and an insult to the rest of Italy. It has been called into existence for no other purpose than to oppress the subjects of the Pope, and to put down by armed force the rising revolution ; and we do not see that the Powers against which this army has been levied are bound to wait till a suitable opportunity presents itself for the Free Companions, satiated with slaughter and rapine in the States of the Church, to exercise their trade at the expense of Tuscany or the Legations. Then there is the intolerable oppression of the Pope's Government. The best proof of that oppression is the fact that the Pope dares not trust his own sub jects with arms, but places himself, like Dionysius of Syracuse, in the hands of foreign mercenaries. The spectacle of a people kept down by such means is an outrage on the civilisation of the age, and a danger and menace for all the rest of Italy. Till some government be established in the centre of Italy which can be maintained without ten thousand French troops to garrison the capital, and five and twenty thousand foreign mercenaries to sack insur • gent towns it is in vain to hape for peace. We freely admit that nothing but the extremity of the evil could justify the step which Sardinia has taken, but we think that step is justified. The evil would not cure itself. The locusts would not depart while a blade of grass remained for them to devour, and the mercenaries would remain while wealth, beauty, and r which ons they t o are offe r.F heldor a b y l l these reasons we think t he Kin g of Sardinia is en titled ito the sympathy of En g lishmen in the war in which he has engaged. We wish him cordially suc cess,an dthathis su ccess may be rapid as well as decisive.—Times. gravate and perp [AnvxxvISEMENT.] Pills and medicine invariably ag. may be avoided by persons appointment, and expense S. Barry, Egq., 77, ci wi u l i l D r r e7iv o e r gr N a a t t is ur a ai nd it in indifferent health sendini" oti!y their address to E. e y:ate diseases ; their annoyance, dis. W., London, and they Regent-street, " INVALIDS' OWN p ° W s without h t o ll U e t meaL 'ue or a e nd fr es e t e or b e y r, pense, of perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lung:, _ refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removal of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints, nausea, epilepsy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitation, cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrhoea, dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palps, tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasmi sinking, fits. ronchitis.—" Unquestionably the safest Guide, to health.'! GARD3ALDI;S CAREER OF CONQUEST. It is probable that the course of events in Italy has bewildered even those most intimately concerned in the promotion of the catastrophe. Nobody could have anticipated Garibaldi's career of conquest, or foreseen the character of that astonishing revolution which is now resolving organised States into the most primitive elements of political economy. History itself scarcely offers a parallel to the spectacle at this moment presented by Southern Italy. To find a precedent for such a picture we must trace back the stream of time up to the decay of the Roman Em pire, when the whole face of Europe was changed, and its population gravitated to new centres of power. Scenes apparently similar were enacted, it is true, during the wars of the French Revolution, and especially towards the close of that eventful period, but revolution had been then domesticated, and the Governments subverted to make way for others were themselves only a few years old. Per haps the closest parallel of all would be found in the state of affairs which Napoleon's return from Elba produced in France; but then Napoleon had quitted France only 10 months before, and he re appeared as the restorer of an Empire to which, notwithstanding the sufferings it has cost them, a large portion of the French people looked With affection and pride. When, again, the abdication of Louis Philippe brought the downfall of his dpnasty, the phenomenon caused but little surprise, for the deposed monarch was but the first of his line, and the same generation which witnessed his flight could remember his accession. But no consi derations of this kind present themselves to explain the revolutions now occurring in Italy. Rome and Naples are the capitals of ancient States, ruled by Governments of ancient standing, and owned by legitimate Sovereigns. • Francis IL is the repre sentative of a monarchy foanded before the Norman conquest of England, and Pius IX. can count more predecessors than any potentate in the world. Even the overthrow of European States ensuing on the march of the French armies at the close of the last century offers no true analogy to the present revo lutions. The French armies had might on their side, and, if Switzerland and Venice were convulsed at their approach, it was partly because the aid offered to revolutionists was known to be irresistible. But Garibaldi has had no such force at his com mand ; his troops were but a handful of men against the armies of the Neapolitan Monarch, and, except for the reinforcements he has received on his route, would be no match in numbers even for the mer cenaries in the service of the Pope. Nevertheless, we read day after day of such scenes and events as scarcely consist with any natural esti mate of probabilities. Though Italy is certainly not in a state of decay, but is giving, on the con trary, unexpected signs of national vigour, the po litical putrescence of its States transcends all examples on record. Administrations, armies, and institutions are crumbling into fragments ; Sove reigns are taking flight, and a simple adventurer has all the cities of the Peninsula at his call. The presence, or even the approach of Garibaldi, acts like a chemical solvent upon the organised politics of Southern Italy, and as soon as he appears the elements of the compound obey the attraction of new affinities, and are crystallised under new forms.. To what can we attribute so prodigious a result ? To the power of the man or the previous condition of the people ? We must probably take both these causes into consideration if we wish really to under stand the effect. There can be no doubt that for some years past the various Governments of Italy have existed only in outward show. They resembled those objects which in tropical countries are occasionally found so eaten out by ants that nothing but a thin crust of their substance remains. They were undermined by secret societies, which burrowed beneath the surface of their institutions. They were deprived of all support from their subjects, and could not re pose with confidence even on their own soldiers They relied for protection on Austria, and, whet Austria was expelled from their confines, the system received its first great blow. Then came the libe ration of Lombardy and the Duchies, followed by the strong contagion of freedom ; while in Naples the Government, with suicidal folly, redoubled its efforts to repress the spirit of liberty. Still, for all this, it is unlikely that the catastrophe would have occurred, except by the marvellous power and equally marvellous successes of Garibaldi. The Neapolitans knew their own minds, but not their own strength or the weakness of their oppressors. To make this discovery it required the sagacity and daring of a genuine hero. Garibaldi has done in Naples what Clive did in Bengal, and after a simi lar fashion. In each case the task proved perfectly easy; but in each case the adventure called either for incredible discernment or superhuman courage. The opposing force represented actually only a phantom array, but it passed for a terrible reality until the predestined champion revealed its hollow ness by a grasp. It is fortunate again for Italian freedom that it has been due so largely to the powers of a single man. Everybody can understand a hero. The name of Garibaldi comprehends and expresses all that the Italians at present either feel or desire. It relieves them from the contemplation of political theories, and shields them from the designs of poli tical agitators. They know that they want liberty, and they know that Garibaldi brings it. They hear of him from day to day as always triumphant and always advancing. They learn that no obstacles either by sea or land have been any impediment to his career. He landed in Sicily in despite of the hostile fleet, and he marched victoriously over the island in despite of the hostile garrison. After this achievement he crossed the straits, and repeated in Calabria the exploits of his Sicilian campaign. At length he enters Naples—a liberator, a conqueror, and a hero, and the Neapolitans are satisfied. Whatever may come hereafter, they have now got Garibaldi, and with Garibaldi they are content. His presence suggests no complications or jealousies. He represents simply Victory and freedom. The Bourbons have fled before his face, liberty follows in his footsteps, and peace settles upon his track. No conditions more favourable to revolution could possibly be imagined. The popular mind reposes with satisfaction and content upon the image of a hero, and all the troubles of a national regeneration are quietly adjourned until the hero's work be done. Thus far, then, wonderful as events have been, we can find some explanation of them; but it is only tco evident that more must remain behind. Gari baldi is Dictator, but dictatorship 3 are essentially provisional. Italy must be reconstituted, and the work will be fraught with difficulties of all kinds. If the country passes whole and undivided under the sceptre of King Victor Emmanuel, it will be such an expansion of the original project as he and his powerful ally never took into their considera tion—not to speak of the provincial animosities, which will not always be dormant. If new preten ders appear upon the stage, they will bring new complications ; if the old dynasties should be re stored, it will be at the cost of peace. The truth is, the revolution is running away with its authors, and the element of which least account was taken has become the dominant element of the affair. The insurrection of Italians was to have played only a minor part in the drama. It might suffice for a little succour in Lombardy and a diversion in the Duchies, but nothing more. Lombardy was to be made Italian instead of German, and that was all. Unfortunately for these speculations, the spirit of Liberty once unchained, pervaded, occupied, and commanded the entire scene. Even the Emperor Napoleon himself lost his power over events, and acknowledged his incapacity to ratify his own con ventions. The Italians once relieved of the Austrians, took their own way, in spite of French or Pied montese, and the scheme of allotments and compro mises was superseded by a vision of united Italy. Garibaldi's own fortunes have exactly expressed those of his country. A year ago he was a partisan leader in the service of the allies, conducting a handful of light troops along the skirts of the mountains, and feeling the way for the great army in his rear. He is now at the head of a mighty movement, before which monarchies crumble, en tering capitals from which kings have fled, and absorbing the aspirations of a people in arms. Just so has it been with the Italian revolution. The liberation of Italy commenced in the north on prin ciples of compromise and restriction, but it was presently prosecuted in the south on bolder terms, and it now comprises the whole country in its scope. That it may find its consummation in genuine free dom and permanent tranquillity is the universal , wish of Englishmen . — Times. her I _ SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. DONCASTER RACES-THURSDAY. 'over till to-d ay , an arrangement which not on l y ease d t h e DISASTPIi ON LOCH LOMOND. oyer-o:.?wded Programme of the St. Leger day but --- to- strengthened ti;,B otherwise comparatively weak Thursday's card. A correspondent in a contemporary says :—" think it a ditty to society to apprise the public, through your columns, of an occurrence which took place this morning on Loch Lomond, and which guilts in a striking manner the danger to which tourists are exposed owing to the negligence of the parties upon whom the duty devolves of securing the safe navigation of the freshwater lakes in Scot land. Many of your readers are aware that Loch Lomond, which is situated among mountains, is of enormous depth, ranging from tit) o to 120 feet, and is studded with numerous islands, N ytich are in fact so many small mountains and hills c overed with water, save at the summit. Accompanied bi two ladies I embarked this morning at Tarbet, on the Prince of Wales steamer, bound for Balloch ; about 40 passengers, including eight or ten ladies, being on board. It is impossible to conceive a more delightful morning than that on which we embarked, but, as we went further down the lake, we got into a slight fog, which was gradually giving way before the influence of the bright sunshine. As we pro ceeded, the captain seemed to use caution, and slackened the motion of the vessel, while a sharp look out was kept ahead. Suddenly we struck upon a sunken rock, and the vessel heeled over a little and stopped, but, the paddles being put in mo: tion, the vessel bumped over the rock ana shot ahead. It immediately became evident that she was sinking, which was confirmed by a sailor rushing back to the stern crying, " My God !we are sinking." The bottom of the cen tre and back compartments of the iron steamer had been broken in by the rock, and the water poured into the engine rooms and the after cabin, but fortunately there was a water-tight bulkhead between the forepart and the centre of the vessel, or she must have gone down head foremost. As it was, she began to settle down fast, at a distance of about a quarter of a mile from shore, when it was suggested that she should be hacked as the only means of saving her. Providentially the engines worked, which it was feared they would not do, and the vessel slowly backed on the shore of a small island until the stern touched the land, when the forepart was kept up by the water-tight bulkhead. In less than one minute after the vessel touched the island, the fires were completely extinguished by water rushing in, and the paddles became totally useless. The utmost order and the strictest silence were observed throughout—not a single shriek from any of the ladies being heard, and the only sounds being the orders of the captain and the motion of the paddles. The ladies were taken to shore first, in the small and only boat of the steamer, which contained but six persons ; and the whole scene was highly creditable and characteristic of the people of these countries. The water having risen in the cabins until it poured out of the windows, the vessel became a complete wreck, and the pas sengers sat on the island until a steamboat came up, about an hour afterwards, and took them off to Balloch. The accident, which had so nearly been attended with the total loss of the steamer and of the lives of all, or nearly all, on board, is un doubtedly to be ascribed to the fact of there being no buoy to indicate the position of a sunken rock, about a quarter of a mile from shore in a channel of about a mile in width, as the atmosphere was quite clear enough to enable parties on the look-out to see a buoy at a considerable distance. I was told by some of the passengers who reside in the neigh bourhood, that there are several sunken rocks both in Loch Lomond and Loch Katrina, without buoys or marks of any kind, and, if the matter be not taken up, I am satisfied that, at no remote period, a most frightful disaster will occur, such as was averted by the merciful providence of God in the present case. It is not right that the tourists on these beautiful lakes should be exposed to the dangers of sunken rocks without marks of any kind which are like so many open graves yawning under J. their feet. The Scarborough Stakes of 20 sous each, 10 ft, for 3-yr olds ; colts Bst 71b, fillies Bst 31b, &c. Certain penalties and allowances. One mile. 12 subs. Lord Annesley's Sweetsauce, Bst 71b (Charlton) 1 Captain Christie's Cheesecake, Bst 3113.... (G Fordham) 2 Betting-3 to lon Sweetsauce, who made all the run ning, cantering home the winner by 15 lengths. The Portland Plate of 200 sovs in specie, added to a Han dicap Stakes of 5 sovs each ; certain winners extra ; the second to receive 25 sows out of the stakes. Red House in. (5 furlongs 152 yards). 91 subs. Mr. H. O'Hara's Tatoo, 2 yrs, Est 51b (Doyle) 1 Lord Stamford's Emily, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b.... (A. Edwards) 2 Mr. Flutter's Lady Derby, 2 yrs, sst 101 b .. (T. French) 3 The following also ran :—Twilight, Ripon, Orcus, Horace, Glenbuck, Sagitta, Tightilt, Lupellus, Juliet, Aristodemus, Eidolon, Rara Avis, Coronet, Sporting Life, Caller Ou, Tuccio, Ratlagoom, Chirper, Corona, Sparkle, Icarus, Elcho, Violet, Bayonet, Nutbush, General Hess, and Brassey. LATEST BETTING. ON THE CUP. DONCASTER, Thursday, Midnight. 3to 1 agst Sabreur (offered) 4to 1 agst High Treason sto 1 agst Wild Rose sto 1 agst Mouravieff 7to 1 agst Thormanby POLICE INTEL LIG ENCE—Sept. 13. COUNTRY MARKETS. Betting-5 to 1 agst Coronet, 7to 1 agst Emily, Bto 1 each agst Lupellus and Nutbush, 12 to 1 agst Tightfit, 100 to 8 agst Tuccio, 20 to .1 each agst Twilight and Horace, 25 to 1 each agst Sagitta, Orcus, and Lady Derby, 100 to 3 agst Caller Ou. The winner was not backed. A very long delay occurred at the post, during which Nutbush was very unruly. The flag fell to a very indifferent start, General Hess and Lupellus being left at the post, the former com ing in Long after the others, and the latter taking no part in the race. The front lot comprised Nutbush, Emily, Tattoo, and Lady Derby, Tattoo and Emily coming out at the distance, the two running a good race home, which ter minated in favour of Tattoo by half a length, three lengths separating the second from the third. The next lost was headed by Nutbush, who was a bad fourth ; Caller On and Twilight were next, Sporting Life, Brassey, and Violet being the last three. After the race, on the complaint of the starter, Taylor was suspended from riding again until the First October Meeting at Newmarket, and Doyle, T. French, Hardcastle, and Entwistle were prohibited from again riding at this meeting. A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs each, for 2-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b ; winners extra, &c. ; the second to receive 20 sovs out of the stakes. T.Y.C. (7 furlongs 214 yards). 20 subs. Mr. Jackson's Longshot, Bst 71b (Bullock) 1 Mr. T. Parr's Parasite, Bst 12Ib (L. Snowden) 2 Mr. R. H. Jones's Charing Cross, Bst'llb .. (W. Boyce) 3 Mr. Bowes's Lucienne, Bst 41b (Aldcroft) 4 Betting-7 to 4 agst Longshot, 9to 4 agst Parasite, 4to 1 agst Lucienne, and sto 1 agst Charing Cross. Longhot made all the running and won by two lengths, a bad third, Lucienne beaten off. The Eglinton Stakes of 10 sow each, 5 ft, with 100 added ; for 2-yr-olds, 7st; three, 9st ; certain penalties and al lowances ; the second to receive 25 seve out of the stakes. T.Y.C. (7 furlongs 214 yards). 20 subs. Mr. J. A. Hind's Lady Clifden, 2 yrs, 6st lllb (H. Grimshaw) 1 Mr. H. W. Thomas's Dictator, 2 yrs, 7st 51b (in 51b ex) (Bullock) 2 Mr. Merry's Folkestone, 2 yrs, 7st (H. Covey) 3 The following also ran :—Polyolbion, Jingling Johnny, Eastern Princess, and Vesta. Betting-2 to 1 agst Dictator, 3to 1 each agst Lady Clifden and Eastern Princess, 6 to 1 agst Folkestone, and 8 to 1 agst Polyolbion. Dictator, Eastern Princess, and Folkestone ran side by side, rounding the Rea House turn with Polyolbion next, Lady Clifden and Jingling Johnny the last two. Within the distance Lady Clifden went up to Dictator, and the race was left to the two, the filly win ning easily by two lengths; a length and a half between the second and third, half a length separating the third from the fourth. The Cleveland Handicap of 20 soya each, 10 ft, and 5 only if declared, with 100 added ; certain winners extra ; the second to save his stake. One mile. 53 subs, 29 of whorU pay 5 soya each). Sir H. des Vosux's Comforter, 4 yrs, Bst 21b..(Custance) 1 Baron Rothschild's King of Diamonds, 3 yrs, 7st 71b (G. Fordham) 2 Mr. Murland's Benbow, 4 yrs, 7st (A. Edwards) 3 The following also ran :—Maid of the Mist, Amsterdam, Lord Nelson, Prelude, First Lord, Lord of the Manor, Syringe, Grenadier, Coronet, and Emblem. Betting-3 to 1 agst Maid of the Mist, sto 1 agst Com forter, 7 to 1 each agst Amsterdam and Benbow, 10 to 1 agst Coronet. There were again several false starts, Grenadier on one occcasion coming to the half-mile post before he could be pulled up. The running was made by Benbow, with Maid of the Mist next, the last two being Amsterdam and King of Diamonds, both of whom lost start. Round the turn Comforter went up to Benbow, and shortly after wards obtained the lead, King of Diamonds taking second place, Comforter running home an easy winner by two lengths ; half a length between tie second and third ; a bad fourth. Emblem, Lord of the Manor, and Prelude next, in the order named. Lord Nelson and Coronet, the last two, did not pass the post. _ MANCHESTER-Sm. 13. The Jav ' enile Selling Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 50 added, for 2-yr-olds ; colts, 9st ; fillies and geldings, Bst 101 b; Selling allowances, &c. Half-a-mile. 11 subs. Lord Stamford's Sacerdos (.E10), Bst (A. Edwards) 1 Mr. Saxon's Billy Banks (X4O), Bst (L. Snowden) 2 Mr. Hargreave's Damsel, 7st 101 b (Bullock) 3 The following also ran :—Prince Imperial, Ostrogoth's dam colt, See-Saw, Weatherwitch, Edend ale, and Archeress. Betting-2 to 1 each agst Sacerdos and Billy Binks, 6to 1 each agst Weatherwi:;ch, See-Saw, and Prince Imperial. Sacerdos made all the running, and won by a length ; three lengths between the second and third, The winner was' bought in for 205 guineas. The Zetland Stakes of 50 SOW each, la ft, for 3-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 31b. One mile-and-a-half. 9 subs. Mr. A. Nichol's The Wizard, Bst 71b (Aldcroft) W. 0 . Thursday is the " off" day of the meeting, and after the uproar and excitement of the St. Leger all persons seemed to appreciate the lull which had succeeded the storm of the previous afternoon. The racing is fully detailed above, and requires no comment at our hands. The Portland Plate, formerly run on the Wednesday, was this year loft GUILDHALL.—DOINGS ON THE DONCASTER. —Mr. Samuel Green, an artist, of 5, Canterbury pLice, Lambeth-road, who appeared on bail, and J ame ,; Laurie Saunders, who was described on the charge- sti jet ae a " gentleman," of 56, Stanley street, Bromp,4 - on, and brought up is custody, were charged with creating a disturbance in Fleet-street, under the following eircumseances : Police constable 328, said about six o'clock last evening I saw the prisoner (Saunders) and this gentleman (Green) at the Sunday Times office near the corner of Fleet-street. They were pushin,q and pulling each other and the people about, and creating a great disturbance. Alderman Humphery—Were they sober ? Officer—Saunders was very drunk, sir, but Green wan quite sober. I requested them several, times to go awa . 7 . . and told titem if they did not that I should be obliged to take them to the police station. Alderman Humphery—What are you, Saun ders ? Saunders—Well, sir, I am a commission agent, but I do a little in the sporting way as well. Alderman Humphery—Do you mean betting in the street ? Saunders—Yes, sir. Alderman Humphery—Well, Mr. Green, how came you in this row in Fleet-street? Green—l was in Fleet •sireet, sir, and wk.:s intro duced to this man (Saunders) as an konourabit' man, to make a bet with, and deposited a sovereign With him. Alderman Humphsry—What hcrse did you back? Green—l backed High Treason, sir. Half a sovereign to 16 that he would win, and half a sove reign to 4 that he would get a place. Alderman Humphery—Well, High Treason did not win. Green—No, sir, but he got a place and came in second. Alderman Humphery—Then you lost half a sovereign on one point, and won £2 on the other ? Green—Yes, sir ; and he said I should be paid as soon as the result of the race was posted up at the Sunday Times. I went to him at the time agreed on for the money, and he shuffled about a great deal, and refused to give me even my own money back, and at last I told the pelicenuan to take ua to the police station. Alderman Humphery—Well, Saunders, it is very bad conduct on your part to take this man's money, and then refuse to pay him what he has won, or return him his own. Saunders—l told him, sir, I would pay him upon the arrival of the final tissue, but he would not wait. Aldermai Humphery—What do you mean by the final tissue ? Saunders—The telegraphic mosagae, sir. Alderman Humphery—Well, Mr: Green, I think you are very foolish, after earning * mone y in an honourable manner, as an artist, to go .and gamble it away in betting. Green—l do not do much in the betting line, and I will not do any more. I stopped this man because he called a cab, and was going right away without waiting for the final tissue. He gave me his card, but that was of no use to me. The following card was then handed to the magistrate : James L. Saunders, Turf and General SportiAig Agent, 66, Stanley-street, Bromptori, London, BM- All Winnings Guaranteed. Commission, 5 per cent. Alderman Humphery—l shall fine you, S A under*, 55., for being drunk ; and I would recommend yon to pay Mr. Green his money ; and I would actrim you, Mr. Green, not to have anything to do with: betting again. It is an illegal act to be betting the streets and creating a disturbance, for which you.. might be heavily fined. Green—l shall not do it again you may depend' upon it. I have had quite enough in this case to be a lesson to me fof life. I shall be quite satisfied.. if I get my own money back again. Saunders then paid the fine, and having promised to pay back the money deposited by Green, he WAIL liberated, and both parties left the court. There was a limited attendance to-day, and an inactive feeling prevailed. Old English wheat was in short supply' and sold slowly at a reduction of 2s per qr, and foreign 2d to 3d per 7( lbs. Several parcels of new wheat were shown, but of inferior quality. Flour offered at is to 2s per sack lower. Indian corn receded 6d per qr. Oats and oatmeal at a slight decline. Beans at former rates. SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON ON THE NATIONAL _DEFENCES. The first of a series of lectures on " Common Thin gslunder the auspicesof theGlasgowAbstainers Union, was delivered on Monday night in the Mer chants' Hall, by Sir Archibald Alison, on " The Best System of National Defence." The hall was very well filled. Sir ARCHIBALD ALISON said the subject he had chosen was one in a peculiar manner connected with the subject of the Abstainers Union, for it was upon the sober part of the community that the stability, the liberty, and independence of the country most depended. (Applause.) It was upon their young men who went out sober, and vigilant to exercise themselves in arms to defend their coun- try they would look to maintain their national in dependence, their freedom and liberties ; and those who indulged in ardent spirits with debilitated minds and bodies, would be found perfectly inefficient in the day of battle, as they always had been found in the struggle and battle of life. (Loud applause.) The volunteer movement was one upon which he looked back with peculiar pride and satisfaction. He still recollected that it was in November last that the first meeting on the subject took place in the City Hall. Then it was in its infancy. There were, he believed, about 1,500 men in uniform in the room that night, and even the most sanguine could not anticipate at some distant period more than perhaps 4,000 volunteers enrolled in the entire county of Lanark. But ten months had only elapsed since that time, and he had the joy and the pride of seeing reviewed in the Queen's Park, Edinburgh, 21,400 volunteers from Scotland, of whom no less than 9,000 came from the county of Lanark. (Cheers.) It should be strongly borne in mind, however, that this great movement was the base only of the national defences. The volunteers at the present moment were said to number 130,000, perhaps 150,000—that number, great as it was, was not nearly so many as he wished to see enrolled, and the reason of that he believed was that it was entirely intended to be self-supporting so that it was necessary to find persons in certain stations of society. Now, he fully appreciated the independence and public spirit of the gentltmen who engaged in this undertaking, but he should like to see a force of 300,000 volunteers. (Hear, hear.) He wished to see volunteer corps in every part of the country—the privates of which were men who were just as much attached to their coun try.as the volunteers who could afford to pay for their clothing, but who unfortunately were not in equally affluent circumstances, but who came for ward and said,—" We have nothing else to give to our country, but we are willing to give our blood and our lives." (Loud cheers.) He should like to see a local force in every county to be called out by go vernment, paid by government, and armed by government, and exercised 40 days in the yea. (Hear.) This was the only way to provide a force adequate to any great emergency. But a volunteer force of that sort could not be considered as move able columns, they were all necessarily chained to one particular spot. One hundred and thirty thou sand men scattered over the whole country, the force that could be brought to bear on any one point in case of invasion was extremely small. In order to provide for the defence of the country, then, two things were necessary. In the first place, a large and powerful standing army which might be moved with perfect facility between one place and another, and in the second a great volunteer force amount ing to not less than 300,000 men—one-half of them maintaining themselves, and one-half paid by Go vernment. But had they a regular force sufficient to meet invasion. (Hear, hear.) The army at pre sent consisted of 230,000—but they could not suppose that more than 200,000 would be effi cient. Well, 80,000 must be devoted to India, 40,000 spread over the rest of their colonies, and 30,000 in Ireland—leaving 50,000 regular soldiers to defend Great Britain. (Hear, hear.) In case of a serious invasion the volunteers would be found of immense advantage in defending forts and in act ing on the flanks of an invading army, but if we came to battles on the field the weight must rest upon regular soldiers. The question then was, how was the regular army to be increased ? He would just tell them how. By raising the pay of the soldier from ls. ld. to ls. Bd. or 2s. per day. Why, in the country a man could earn 25., 35., 45., and ss. a day, and they could not be surprised that if a man could get that he was at all likely to be came a soldier when only offered ls. Id. a day, one-half of which was stopped for rations. If this were done, and if we had a force of 100,000 regular soldiers capable of giving battle to any of the great continental armies, and supported by 300,000 volunteers, he was perfectly sure we might bid defiance to " the world in arms." (Applause.) There was another consideration which pointed to another danger even more setinuo than that of in vasion, to which the volunteer movement, he re gretted to say, gave no sort of security, and that was the danger of a national blockade. (Hear.) We stood in a very peculiar situation, and our danger in that respect had been augmented in a fearful proportion since the last war. Till 1836 the nation was self-supporting. In 1835-6 the wheat imported was 26,000 and 28,000 quarters, but in 1859 we imported 13,138,000 quarters of foreign grain. Fancy the result of a blockade of all our harbours in case of war with France and Russia ; and what security had we against such a catastrophe as that ? He observed it was said that we had 52 sail of the line fitted with screws and in efficient condition, and that there were 8 more blockships. The French had just about an equal number, and the Russians in addition had some 25 sail of the line in the Baltic, and thus the French and Russians combined stood to the British fleet as 75 to 50. That was a most serious consideration ; because a single defeat in the Channel would bring more danger to Britain than twenty defeats on the Rhine would do to France. England once defeated in the Channel, and followed by a blockade, the export of manu factures and the import of grain would cease, and we should be compelled to surrender at discretion. Therefore he said that the country could only be in a secure state when it had such a navy as would enable them to cope with the three greatest mari time powers of the world—Russia, France, and America—(hear, hear)—or any two of those who might be united together. But ships was not enough, we must have sailors; and Sir Archibald urged an increase of pay. In the merchant service the sailors were paid 525. a month, but in the royal navy they had only 31s. per month. He advocated expenditure of the money recently voted by Par liament for fortifications ; and, as to the country having reached the maximum of its taxation, he said that in 1815 the country did not contain more than 19 millions of inhabitants, and it raised £72,000,000. The population of the country was now 28 millions, and yet they were told that the country could not afford to spend £76,000,000. It was perfectly ludicrous to say, as the advocates of peace at any price said, that we could not afford to spend eight or ten millions on fortifica tions. When he saw the national expenditure up to £130,000,000 he should then think we had reached the maximum taxation which the country could stand, but not till then. (Hear, hear.) There was the greatest danger of a general war breaking out in the unsettled state of Europe—either from the ambition of France, which would next be directed to the acquisition of Bel gium, the Rhenish Provinces, arld Antwerp—the state of Italian affairs—or the Eastern or Syrian question. These were three great questions, any one of which occurring was sufficient to bring on a general war. The lecturer shortly afterwards con cluded with an eloquent peroration, in which he expressed his belief that Great Britain was as able to repel and defeat any combination of the Conti nental powers as she was in the days of the first Napoleon. On the motion of Mr. I. LANG, a vote of thanks was unanimously awarded to Sir Archibald. for his interesting and valuable lecture. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —The following are not the least re• markable among the numerous extraordinary cures with out medicine effected by Du Barry's delicious Health Re storing Revalenta Arabica Fond. Cure No. 47,121.—Mi5s Elisabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham-cross, Herts : a cure of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gather ings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure 48,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool; a curs of 10 years dyspepsia and all the horrors of nervous irritability. Cure 18,216. Dr. Andrew Ure, of constipation, dyspepsia, nervous irritability. Cure 34,210. Dr. Shorland, of dropsy and debility. Cure 36,212. Captain Allan of epileptic fits. Cure 46,814. Mr, Samuel Laxton, Leicester, of two years diarrhosa. Cure 54,812. Miss Vir ginia Zeguers, cured of consumption, after medical adviser had abandoned all hopes of recovery. Avoid Pills and Medicines : they invariably aggravate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, disappointment, and expense may be avoided by using Du Barry's Food which, at a few pence per day, saves 50 times its cost in other remedies, removing effectually, without purging, constipation, indigestion (dyspepsia) nervous, bilious and liver complaints and all their consequences. Certificat No. 36,418. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew Ure MD., F.R.S., Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer, Dr. Shorland, Dr. Campell. Let invalids avoid the fearful dangers of spu rious and injurious imitations offered under a variety of false pretences. Nevill's imitations are prohibited by the high Court of Chancery under a penalty of £5,000 against Alfred Hooper Nevill and his agents • and the pretences that Nevill has a patent for Arabica 'Food and that Du Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly false. No canister is genuine without the name Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, on theseal and wrapper. Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in one article must -Dot to be distrusted in all others. Packed in tins 11b. ea t ._ ' 11 ). 4s. 6d. ; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 225. ; 241 b. 40s. The 2s. 91; g l e 2 n lb t ... st a r n e d et 24 , Lo lb n . l'irry Du Barry an d Co., 77, Re "t of Post-office ord e r by -,zon, a nd Co. ; Abbis, -"istedon;Frosrtanrue.nsient carr iage free on receipt ^ , id 150, On ly,— 60, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; tie ford-street ; 330 and 451, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopss.... street ; Batty, 16, Finsb ur y P avem ent ; Phillips and Co, on La... tea-dealers; Petty, Wood, and ing William-streak tinctly bean City ; at 127, High Holborn.; Co., ;11 grocers. mistaken by the inhainw,„ THE FRENCH TREATY AND LOCAL DUES.—At a meeting of the Newcastle Chamber of Commerce, held on Monday, Mr. J. Jobling in the chair, a short conversation took place on M. de Fanelli's (the French consul) letter to the Newcastle corporation, claiming that under the treaty French vessels should be placed on the same footing as the Newcastle freemen with regard to town dues. The general opinion expressed was that it was exacting to claim such immunities and that they should not be conceded. The secretary said that he was afraid the Frenchman had a bad case. There were no coals whatever exempt from some dues, by whomsoever shipped. They. all paid the same duty, and the corporation received it. What the corpora tion did with the dues the Frenchman had nothing to do with. EXPLOSION AND Logs OF SIX LIVES.—On Monday morning last, at eight o'clock, a fearful explosion took place at the Melfort Gunpowder Mills, which are situated about 15 miles from Oban, in Argyleshire, by which dreadful calamity six human beings were instantly killed, five of them, unfortunately, leaving wives and large families. One of the bodies was found in the mill race, another in the middle of the river, and a third was seen in a field some distance from the mill, but so frightfully burn', and dis figured as not to be recognised. Some fingers were found road leading to the works. The explosion was die ' Bonaw, 30 miles from Melfort, and was *".nto for thunder. BIRMINGHAM-SEPT. 13. An int:ctive business was done in wheat to-day, and a short supply of English wheat offering, of which a great part was of the new crop ; prices were is per quarter lower. Barley held for quite as much money, and in fair request. New oats cheaper, old maintained their value. Beans were dull and peas unaltered. MELTON MOWBRAY—SEPT. It There was an average show of wheat to-day, with a fair demand, at the following quotations :—White wheat, 634 Od to 66s Od ; red, 62s Od to 66s per 36 stone; barley in slow demand, at 38s to 43s for malting, and 32s to 36a per qr. for grinding oats, 30s to 36s Od per 24 atone; beano, 48s to 54s for old ; new, 49s per 38 at. EDINBURGH GRAIN-SEPT. 12. Wheat on the top is 6d down average is 3d down. Barley on the top 1s Od down .. .average 2s Od down. Oats on the top 2s Od down. ....average Os 10d down. Beans on the top Os 6d down average 3s 6d lip. Averages per Imperial quarter. Wheat.... Barley 1 15 6 9-12ths Oats 1 12 9 2-12ths Beans Total Supply and Sales. Beans 24 qrs Sold 19 qrs • Wheat........ 45 , qrs Sold 204 cps 8ar1ey........ 1470 qrs Sold 1269 qrs Oats _33 qrs Sold 32 qrs DERBY SMITHFIELD—SEPT. 11. There was a less supply of fat beasts to-day, with a fair attendance of buyers ; the best quality were a fair sale at a great improvement in price; inferior sorts a heavy sale. The supply of sheep and lambs again large, but sales dull. Fat and store calves were scarce. Pigs were numerous, and sold well. Beef ............ 7d to lid Veal Mutton .... 71c1 to Bid Pork .. 61ci to 6id Lamb •31d . Btdol to calfßou sliins gh ,t s , d o t s o 0 6 d d. per stone. Hides, THE MAILS, MAILS DUE. Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South ampton) .. .. Sept. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) Sept. 12. Brazil and Cape Verde .. .. Oct. 5. Buenos Ayres, Monto Video, Bcc. Oct. 6. Bahamas and Havana (via New York) .. Canada, &c. (via Galway) .. .. Sept. 22. Cape of Good Hope, &c. .. • • .. Oct. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) Sept. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) Sept. 12. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. • • .. Sept. 18. India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) Sept. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) Sept. 12. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. .. Sept. 25. Do. (via Marseilles) • . .. Sept. 19. Lisbon .• • • .. .. (via South ampton) . Sept. 18. , Cuba and Mexico .. Sept. 21. . .. Sept. 13. Malta, Egypt and Aden . Do. (via Marseilles) .. Sept. 12. Vigo, and Oporto .. Sept. 21. W Un e i s t t e e d m St c a o te a s s , t C o f alif A o tri rni ca a, ' m ec a c d . West Indies and Pacific,Carthage na , C u b a , &c. Sept. 13. Ten : e . n 0 8e v p e t rd . ul9e. BIRTHS. BOUTS.—On the 13th inst., at The Lindens, Croydon, the wife of Charle s Bouts, Esq., of a daughter. COLLIER.—On the 11th inst., at Cheltenham, Mrs. B. Collier, of a son. ---• OSBURN.—On the 11th inst., at the Coast Guard Station, Swanage, Dorset, the wife of Lieut. Francis Osburn, R.N , of a daughter. M.ARRIAGES. HIND LEY—BUCKINGHAM.—On the 13 th inst., at Actoi, Middlesex S. Hindley, Esq., to Ann , eldest daughter of the lat e E. B. Buckingham. Esq., of Devon. KEENE—STOWELL.—On the 12th inst., at Christ Church, Salford, the Rev, Arthur K eene, M.A., incumbent of St. John's, Oldham, to Anne Amelia, eldest daughter of the Rev. Hugh Stowell, M.A., rector of Christ Church, SeHord, Hon. Canon of Chester, & c . DEATHS. CartmE.—On the 7th inst., at Cheltenham, Mrs. Alicia Carrie, relict of the late Colonel Carafe of the 12th Foot, aged 84. —On the 12th inst., Eli sa b eth Bland, wife Clementson, of Cole man - street, and eldest C L o E f daughter of the late Captain H. Lawson, o f Kentish town. MA BB OTT.—On the 1 0th inst., at Sh erman b ury-green, Sussex, William Courthope M a bb ott, Esq., of Southover Priory, Lewes, aged 86 . NEltNchTsa°rdN. RABETT.—On the 10th inst., at Passenham Rectory, Nor thamptonshire, the Rev. Reginald Rabett, M.A., of Bramfield Hall, county of Suffolk, and rector of Passen ham, aged 64. STIRLING. — On the 11th inst., in Bath, Captain Joseph Francis Stirling, R.N., youngest son of the late Vice- Admiral Charles Stirling. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNo, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Aims Ns. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of Middiesta, Friday, September 14 1860. ,•••