The Sun. — London, England, 1829-09-15 00:00:00

i - BANK op ENGLAND, Sm. 11 2 i, 1829. THE COURT of DIRECTORS -of the At. GOVERNOR and COMPANY of the BANK of ENGLAND give notice that n GENERAL COURT will be held at the BANK, on THURSDAY next, the 17th nst., at Eleven o'cl , wk in the Forenoon, to consider of a OIVIDEND; which will also he one of the Quarterly General Courts appointed by the Charter. JOHN KNIGHT, Secretary. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE, HONOURABLE, AND WORSHIPFUL, THE MAGISTRATES OF THE COUNTY OF SURREY, &e. &C. &C. lall LoRDs AND CF.N'TLEMEN, I3EG leave most respectfully to offer myself aR a CANDIDATE for the Office of DISTRICT 9uRVEYOR of the Parish of CAMBERWELL, in the event of the Bill " for extending the operations of the 4114 itig Act" being carried into effect. An extensive practice -id" every branch of my profession daring a period exceeding twenty years, and the testimonials which 18.611 have the honour of submitting, are the grounds u pon which I found my pretensions of qualification for the "wee;. and to those testimonials I with confidence refer, as the best assurance I can offer for a diligent and faithful thacharge of its duties, should I be to fortunate as tif obtain that flattering distinction which your patronage must neces lo'rily ttonfer. . . 1 have the honour to subscribe myself, • Aly LORDS AND GENTLEMEN, Your most obedient and very humble servant, GEORGE PULFORD, Assistant Surveyor to the Honourable the East India Company. 74, Cl aremont-square, Pentonville, Sept. 1829. This day was published, in Bvo. price ISs. boards, A N INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY ; comprising the Elements of the Science in its Present advanced State, and all the recent Discoveries. With an Outline of the Geolo4v of England and Wales. Third Edition, entirely recomposed, and greatly enlarged, With new Plates, a coloured Map, and Cuts. • By ROBERT BAKEWELL. Professor Silliman, who is now superintending a reprint "f t his Edition in America, (Philosophical Mag. Oct.) "ides his opinion, that it is the most intelligible, attractive, and readable work on Geology, in the English language. Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. On the Ist October, 1829, will be published, price Two Shillings, (to be c on ti nue d M ont hl y ,) N o . I. o f THE EDINBURGH JOURNAL of NATURAL and GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE. IConducted by an ASS OCIATION of NATURAtISTS. Illustrated occasionally with Maps, Charts, and Engravings. CONTRNTS—Art. I. A Description of the Landes of Acquitania ; by W. Ainsworth, Esq.—Art. 11. Descrip tion of Five New British Species of Shells, with Figures; bby Captain Thomas Brown, F. R. S.E.—Art. 111. Dn the lectricity of t h e Si mp l e an d C ompoun d G a l van i c Ci rc l es ; K. T. K emp, E sq.—Att. IV. Account of the Island 4 t; jer ,seY; by Al e xa n d er Suth e rland, E sq .—A r t. V. No b__-" ol a Cavitary Worm, with a Plate ; by W. Rhind, ''''''l- Surgeo n —A rt. VI . O ra l I n f ormat i on on t h e O r i g i n tjthe Gorkhas; by Captain Ayton—Sir Rufane Donkin's ilasertation on the Course and Termination of the Niger, tt " d ° o , 1 829—Polydore Roux's Crustaces de la Medi 'ee, et d e son li ttora l , P ar i s, 1828— Elli s ' s P o l ynes i an 4 ar ches, London, 1829—Transactions of the Plinian 'e.tY) Edinb urg h, 1829—D r . H o ll an d' s E xper i men t a l ~1 1117 int o t h e L aws o f Lif e, - Edi n b urg h, 1829—Ac -"tints of the Voyage of the Astrolabe and of the Chevrette "i-Cailles's Voyage—Travels of Champollion—The Scien- L fie VuYage to the Morea—Establishment of the New Co ,thilY on the Swan River—Notice of Dr. Knox's new '''Y of Hermaphrodistn—Captain Brown's ° Ohserva lna On M r . K enyon ' s Paper on British Shells—D i scovery ` T wo Ovid ucts i n a F ow l — O n t h e di ff erent causes o f the C ol ouration of S now an d I ce , & c . & c . , Abs tract Notic es o f N ew W or k s an d P apers on Geogra ry,Natural History, &c.—Recent Discoveries in General c eie nces and th e Arts—Proceedings of Scientific Institu s.o4,. w bani e l Li zars, No. 5, St. David-street, Edinburgh ; hittaker, Treacher, and Ar no t, L on d on ; an d Willi a m Cu rry and Co. Dublin ; to be had also of all the Book sellers of the United Kingdom. ------ MISS EDGEWORTH'S TALES, &c. Ne w Editions of the followi ng j us tly ce l e b ra t e d W or k s, b y P 4{ ARIA EDGEWORTH, have been lately published:— ATRONAGE, 4 vols. 12mo. price 28s. boards. boards. 2. P OPULAR TALES, 3 vols. foolscap Bvo. 12s. 3. MORAL TALES, 2 vols. foolscap Bvo. 10s. boards. 4. TALES of FASHIONABLE LIFE, 6 vols. 12mo. 1 4 19s. 5. HARRINGTON and ORMOND, 9 vols. 21g. b oards. 6 . I 3 ELINDA, 3 viols. 15s. boards. ' LEONORA, 2 vols. 10s. boards. 8. MODERN GRISELDA , 4s. boards. 1 9. CASTLE RACKRENT , f oo l scap Bvo . 4 9 . b oar d s . 0. ESSAY on IRIS H BULLS , ss . b oar d s . boa: LETTERS for LITERARY LADIES, 12mo. 4s. 12..114.3101RS of Mr. EDGEWORTH, 2 vole. Svoi b oards. 11;4.. TALES and MICELLANEOUS PIECES. By b , g atA EDGEWORTH. In 14 vols. foolscap, Svo. r " c e V. 4s. boards. ~._Printed for R. Hunter; Baldwin and Cradock; Long and Co. ; J. Booker; J. Murray; Seeley and Co. ; p:ttaker a n d C o.; Harding and Lepard; Newman and 1 1 : ; Scholey; Hurst, Chance, a nd C o . ;T. T e g g ; 4-44. Duncan and Co. ; Simpkin and M ars h a ll ; T. M ason ; uunca n ; Smith, Etdcr, and Co. ; and J. Templeman. II It. FISTULIE AND PILES. kFTER suffering for two years and a half li ef from these dreadful complaints, and gaining no re thik fr °ra the attendance of an eminent Surgeon during )16,,,P.a.tiat1, I fortun a tely a ppli e d t o M r . VAN sti.e,ee t J uELL, urgeon-Accoucheur, No. 2, half Moon wft, who, in the short spa ce o f one mon th, te d a PERFECT CURE o f my di stress i ng case, w hi c h figilicita desirous should be made public fur the benefit of fot ,la gre - Bufferers, and in testimony of my gratitude to him "at attention a n d s kill manifested in my cure. J. 8., Eastwood, near Rochfiird, Essex. 7 N , • Cards of my address may be hail of Mr. Chevill, ue en . s-place, Great Queen -street, Lincoln's-inn-fields. The French plays, next session, will be per .N ed t oo as before, at th e Ly ceum , an d not i n t h e concert i% 111 at the king's th ea t re , w hi c h w ill be appropriated, it z n, to the pupils of the Royal Academy.—Furet de r o b .tRTHOUGHT OF AN IRISH SOLDI E R.— )31. 7, 4 the B r i tish army was advancing to the attack at 4 ""n ab urgli, and the American guns had a l rea d y opene d 44 % tl ) led 0 e rn, it chanced that the 85th Regiment, which Ward e I.°l umu, was met by a peasant driving a cart to -4,14 the village, in which a newly made cedar coffin was "I.l ol l i tell o • Re was instantly hailed by an Irish soldier, Jat u , friend I just 4vo that there, if ye plase ; for by pole there'll be use for it afore long !" .1t was to no pur ii„ b ,thet J onathan protested against this injunction, assur b::'l.e th at the box was wanted for a lady, who was to the th a t d ay. " Arral , , now, d e ye h ear me ?" , was Yt! , , e sa tisfactio n he got; i 0 jest leave it, and be off wid tlk p „ The coffin was accordingly deposited at the side of ii tat e ; l 44, and the countryman with his horse and cart de- In a few m i nu t es th e m u s k e try b e g an in earnest, t I f ! due time Col. THORNTON fell, severely wounded. 4 sr r t ien d Pat w as one o f th ose w h o were p rom pt i n th e till -„assistance ; but the Colonel was too much hurt to ,",r even to stand. " I wish some one would fetch a iSt;' s a id the Officer in great agony ;" I cannot mov e Olt '4'l you will kill {tie if you lift me without one. "-- . I 4 °W long life to yere honour i" quoth Pat, " 13 0 -INIIII, 44 't the thing covenient here." So saying, off be t%44,1 returned in a n moment with the co ffi n. The 4e 4f 1 6 was raised from the ground ; but unfortucately and a hitlttpon aiiiathrot wide,pughabundoanvtelvyerwas not to b was ) 1;e put out of a f o ot 6 . ih kt i t t t bY this; he ati h knocked out the head and foot boards " - Ns , e° w and the Colonel bei ng deposit e d between the side ~ .sto as lit 11 borne eff the field in the coffin. didn't l e t r e a ll y yr ' " said Pat with great eelf cpmpla r usiji 4 44 i s s h e march e d along, " did'ut I tell ye there'd be 'Wor e 10n g ."... United Service Journal. No. 11,540. PATRIOTIC BANQUET GIVEN TO GENERAL LAFAYETTE. (From the Precurseur de Lyons, Sept. 7.) LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, S - EPTEMBER'IS, 1829. _ . • The banquet in honour of General Lafayette was given this afternoon in the magnificent saloon Gayat, which was beautifully ornamented with shrubs, and contained about 500 of the most respectable citizens. The bust of the friend of Washington, crowned with laurel, was placed in the saloon, and the General, on his arrival, was received with enthusiastic ap plause. A band of music played some of the most favourite airs during the dinner. Among the most distinguished guests were M. de Condere, Deputy of the Department of the Rhone, Messrs. M. de Curc•elles and de Schoenen, Deputies of the Seine, two sons of M. Augustin Perier, the Consul of the United States, and the Deputies from the towns of St. Etienne and Vienne. After the health of the .King had been drunk with much applause, M. Con dere proposed " General Lafayette. Other war riors have gained battles, and other orators have made eloquent speeches, but for civic virtues he has no equal." The General returned thanks in a very. eloquent speech, from which we give, the following' extracts : " I am proud and happy," said the General, " that my passage through this great and patriotic city should have afforded me an opportunity of again expressing my constant hatred to oppression, and my 'determination to resist all the attempts made by counter-revolutionary incorrigibility.—(Great ap plause.)--Gentlemen, you are menaced with hostile projects; but how will they be carried into execu tion ? Will it be by the Chamber of Deputies ? My colleague and friend, your respectable Deputy, M. Condere, will attest to you—and all his col leagues who are at this banquet will also attest — that in the moment of danger our Chamber will show itself faithful to honour and to patriotism. Do they wish to dissolve the Chamber? That it would be the affair of the electors ; and certainly they will elect Deputies worthy of the occasion, of the nation, and of themselves. Will they dare by simple ordinances to vitiate the elections, and to exercise an illegal power? No; the partisans of such measures will no doubt call to mind in time that the strength of every Government only exists in the arms and in the purse of each of the citizens who compose the nation. The French nation is acquainted with its rights, and well knows how to defend them. " Let us hope then, gentlemen, that these plots will be overturned. In the mean time permit me to propose the following toast :—' To the depar►- ment of the Rhone, and to the city of Lyons, the ancient-metropolis of industry, the courageous enemy to oppression —may her liberty, her dignity, and her prosperity, be firmly based on the full and entire en joyment of every natural, of every social right, which she has invoked in all times and under the worst of circumstances.' " As soon as the enthusiastic acclamations which followed this speech had subsided, M. de Corcelles, deputy, addressed the assembly. After remarking upon the disbandment of the National Guards who, he said, were destined to . defend the charter, he Passed a high and well-merited eulogium upon General Lafayette. " The National Guard of France, and its illustrious founder," was then drunk with much cheering, and the following among other toasts succeeded : " To the Members of the two Chambers, who have so gloriously defended the rights of the nation." —" To the Magistrates, whose courage is a guaran tee for the due execution of our laws."—" To the army, who will still know how to make the honour of France respected,"—" To the Atherican people : they are indebted to us for Lafayette, but they offer Washington as the model of heroes and legislators." The American Consul at Lyons returned thanks for the latter toast, and proposed " France, may the relations of commerce and friendship which exist between her and the United States increase and become more closely united." M. Dupasquier then gave, " The constitutional deputies of the department of the Rhone, Messrs. Condere, Ilumblot, Conte, arid Jars : they have faithfully performed their duty, and may we here after give them colleagues worthy of them." The health of M. de Corcelles, Deputy of the Seine, having been giver.), that gentleman, in return ing thanks, said—" Our liberty is now menaced, and we must unite in defence of it. Let the Manifesta tion of public opinion he a rampart before which our enemies shall fly with terror. Let our ranks close ; if they were to make an attack, our victory would be certain ; we shall preserve and ameliorate our in stitutions, and ensure also the happiness, the glory, and the prosperity of our dear country." After several other patriotic toasts and many elo quent speeches, the meeting broke up. LISBON PAPERS. (From die DiarioFluminense.) RIO DE JANEIRO, JULY 2. In the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies, on the 29th June, the Archbishop of Bahia proposed the erection of three new Bishoprics in the Empire of Brazil. " Divided," said he, " into eighteen provinces, each of which is larger than the greatest kingdom in Europe, with a population of four millions of inhabitants, disseminated and dispersed in places extremely remote from each other, and with great difficulties of communication, our empire has hardly nine bishoprics, while the little kingdom of Portugal, with three millions of inhabitants, has 'three metropolitan and fourteen suffragan Bishops." The Archbishop proposed_the erection of three new dioceses, viz., Ceara, St. Pedro Dosal, and Minas Geraes. BRUSSELS, SEPT. 7. NORTHERN CIRCUIT—LANCASTER, SEPT. 12 . THE KING V. TRAFFORD AND OTHERS. Mr. Tom4INSC* - opened the pleadings. It was an indictment against the several defendants, charg ing them with improperly erecting banks and mounds to the side of the stream of the river Mersey, which the flood water was prevented from running over, and the current driven with great violence against the aquedUct of the Bridgewater canal, of which-the Archbishop of York and the other pro secetors'were ril e trustees. The defendants pleaded "Not Guilty."' Mr. Sedeant CROSS, in addressing the Jury, said that the question involved in this proceeding .was one deeply affecting.the commercial interests of thi, county, if not of the country at large. It was a question whether the canal, made'about sixty years ago by the Duke of Bridgewater—that valuable and national'. work, accomplished by one ►nan of great public spirt ; and immense private resources— whether this canal, which was the means by which the produce .of the best parts of Yorkshire, of the man-fifacturiag districts of Lancashire, and of the Staffordshire potteries, was conveyed to every part of the country, was to be continued in its usefulness to the public, or whether it was to be made com pletely useless by the improper and irregular con duct of these defendants. It was unnecessary to re mind the Jury, many of whom had viewed the spot in question, that the Duke of Bridgewater's canal crossed the Mersey, which formed the boundary of the , counties Lancaster and Chester, at a place not very distant from where it was crossed by the great Manchester road, at Crossford bridge. The country about there was flat, and much subject to be overflowed by the Mersey whenever there was a swell in that river. It had been found necessary to carry the road upon a bridge of arches for some distance at the Lancashire side of the river, and the canal, though not exactly parallel with the road, was also raised upon a causeway across and over the low grounds, as well as over the river itself. The aqueduct over the bed of the river consisted of a single arch ; that over the marshy grounds and a little brook, of two arches and a dry arch, through which ran a road. It would be important for the Jury to pay attention to the two arches which he had mentioned, because upon these the whole of this case rested. He had already stated that the Mersey was subject to floods, upon which occasions it overflowed its bank upon the Lan cashire side, but, instead of spreading over the country, the waters were used to fall into a natural channel,' formed by a stream called Charlton-brook, by which they were carried under the two arches in question some distance further down the river, until at a declination of about 20 feet they were again received into its stream. Ever since the aqueduct of two arches had been made, the flood waters were carried off in this way, and in effect the neighbouring lands were saved from inunda tions to which they would be otherwise subject.— The main aqueduct of the canal which was thrown across the bed of the river, was also saved from that pressure against it, to which it had been since exposed, now that the waste gate which he had described was cut off. More lately, however, and by degrees, the proprietors of the lands adjoining the river upon both sides, of whom the present defendants were some upon the Lan cashire side, had begun to hem in the stream by high banks of earth, and in consequence the waters now, whenever a flood occurred, instead of finding a wholesome and natural vent in the channel of the Charlton, were confined within the bed of the river, and by necessity driven with great force against the arch of the aqueduct. This was calculated to pro duce great danger to that fabric, and not only to the aqueduct, but to the canal itself, since being carried upon a causeway it was exposed to be entirely beaten away by the force of these currents. And in effect, in the flood which occurred in July last, a large slice of the aqueduct was carried away, and the whole trough of the canal itself would have been emptied in one spread of desolation over the adjoining lands, if the trustees had not by great exeiticr is, and at a great expence, raised a wall in the midst of the canal itself to check the waters. In the mean time the aqueduct of two arches, which Mr. Brindley had wisely designed to carry off the water, was rendered quite useless. The charge imputed to the defend ant by this indictment was, that by reason of the embankments which they had raised to the river, they had forced the current with great violence against the vent of the arch of the aqueduct, and • placed its very existence thereby in peril.— It was merely to raise the question of right that this form of proceeding had been adopted; and, to show that there was nothing like in adopting this form, a civil action had also been commenced, but its fate would be determined by the issue of this indictment. Mr. Justice LITTLEDALE observed, that the case was now becoming one of construction of the Act of Parliament, arid there seemed to be little doubt about the facts. He advised that it might at once be put into a shape for taking the opinion of the Co art upon it. Mr. POLLOCK still objected that he had no power to arrange; but, however, eventually counsel upon both sides agreed to take a verdict against the de fendants, with liberty to turn it into a special ver dict upon an award of facts to be made by a gentle. man at the bar, who was to examine the witnesses arid draw up a case. A verdict was taken accord ingly. JULY 8 AND 9.—The Diario publishes officially the treaty of Commerce between Brazil and the United States of North America, with the date of 12th Dec. 1828. SUMMER ASSIZES. On Friday last we witnessed the consecration of St. George's Church, by the Right Rev. Bishop Luscombe, who, on the occasion, delivered a most impressive sermon to a numerous and interested.au ditory. The Bishop was assisted by the Rev. W. Drury, M.A., the Minister of the Choral, and at tended by other Clergymen, not only Members of the Church of England, but, as we noticed with real satisfaction,by Members of the Church of Rome, the Greek Church, and of the different denomina tions of the Reformed Church. On Saturday the Bishop'administered Confirma tion at the King's Church to upwards of 100 young persons, to whom the Bishop addressed an exhorta tion, calculated to impress upon their minds lasting remembrances of the solemnity, and a due attention to its serious object. The Bishop left us this morn ing for Bruges and Ostend, and will afterwards pro ceed to France, to administer the same rite at St. Omer, Calais, Boulogne, Dieppe, Havre, &c. Sin cerely do we congratulate our countrymen on the op portunities thus provided for the confirmation of the younger members of the British community, so tin-- nserous on the continent; as well as on the establish ment of episcopal superintendence, which cannot fail to have a beneficial influence on the Clergy and their congregations. When the document of the consecration was read, we heard the Bishop de scribed as Commissary to the Lord Bishop of London. In the Chamber of Senators, on the 4th July, Senor Verqueira made a speech, shewing the neces sity for a law relative to the marriage contract. As long as the Catholic religion was exclusively recog nised, it was natural that it would be required to be solemnized by that religion, but now that the Con stitution tolerates all religions, a new law is requi site. He, therefore, read a project of law on the civil celebration of marriage, of which the follow ingare the first two articles. — Art. I. Marriages contracted according to the pre sent law, shall have the same civil efficacy as those contracted according to the canon law adopted in the Empire. 11. A marriage is valid if contracted in the pre sence of the Justice of Peace of the district of one of the contracting parties, or of another Justice of Peace specially authorized by the Government and the President Of the province, and of his Secretary, the latter putting the contract in writing, unless there are any of the legal impediments stated below. Among these impediments are the male being under 13, or the female under 12 years of age, want of the consent of the father, or of the guardian and mother jointly, where the parties are under 21 years of age, and certain degrees of consanguinity. At the meeting on the Covent-garden stage, the other day, a gentleman enquired for Mr. KIMBLE : lie's just gone off!" replied another, evidently connected with the theatre. Such is the force of habit. The pottery trade of Scotland has consider ably improved of late, and it is stated by those who are in possession of the best information, that the general con sumption has increased at least one-fourth. The demand, however, is principally confined to the coarser sort of earthenware, such as tea-pots, basins, plates, &c. Sugar moulds for the West Indies are especially in request; and the manufacturers are scarcely able to execute their orders with sufficient despatch. A new branch of this trade has lately been introduced, and is likely to succeed—that of superseding the present shabby-looking chimney cans by improved forms, corresponding with the elegance of the buildings they overtop.— Glasgow Chronicle. SIX MEN DROWNED,--WICK, SEPT. 5. On the evening of Monday, the 24th of August, the fish ing-boats at Wick went out out as usual in quest of her ring•. During the night a very strong breeze sprung up from the north-west, which scattered most of the boats up and down the frith ; and, lamentable to relate, one of the boats belonging to Pulteney has not been heard of since, and all hope of her return has been given up, as the crew of a south frith boat, during the gale, came in contact with a boat with her keel uppermost, and, getting entangled in her drift of nets, was in danger of sharing the same fate, having to unship their rudder to get free of her nets. There were five men on board; two of them have left families —one with three, and the other with four children. On the same night (Monday), as the boats were going out of the bay, one man was thrown over board by a sweep of the sail and drowned ; his body has not yet been found ; he has left a wife and eight children. Last Tuesday night, a great number of boats were driven up the frith by a strong breeze firma the north; three of them were driven across the frith to Burghead, and have only returned this morning. Many of the boats have lost from four to twelve of their nets, and one has lost her whole nets. The fishing here is near a close ; and, owing to the late stormy weather, has been rather unsuccessful this season ; very few of the boats have caught near their usual complement. On Friday last, a vessel from Caith ness arrived at Clachnaharry, having in tow a herring.. boat, which she picked up at sea. She was found with masts and sails entire, and a small quantity of herrings on board. Nothing has been learned of the crew.— Caledo nian Mercury. . , -- The historical tragedy, wr it ten some time ago by the eldest daughter of Mr. CHARLES KEMBLE, and which has been read and highly appreciated in several literary circles, is, we understand, likely to be acted at Covent-garden Theatre in the ensuing season, should Mr. KEAN, Mr. KEMBLE, and Mr. MACREADY be united with that establishment. PLYMOUTH, SEPT. 12.—The following is an extract of a letter from Padstow, dated the 11th, to a Gentleman in this town :—" We write you at the request of Capt GUSWELL, of your schooner the Mary, last from Newport, to inform you that the said vessel, in a tre mendous gale of wind dead on the shore, ran for this port, soon after entering which she dropt her anchor, and was boarded by a pilot,—but in consequence of her chain part ing she was driven on the Dunbar Sand, where she con tinued until this morning. The weather having mode rated a little, with the assistance of pilots she was brought further out of the violence of the sea, and we hope may be got into the quay next tide. Several vessels have been wrecked in attempting to enter this harbour, —amon g the rest is the Friends, of Torquay, which was capsized during the gale, and all on board perished. The Atlas, of Fowey, was driven in the rocks, and went to pieces, the crew with great difficulty saved. P.S. We have just a moment to save the post, to say, that in consequence of the Mary being full of water, every exertion, with the assistance of anchors and cables, has been ineffectual in getting her off, and she is now in the same position as she was this morning."—Mr. C. DICKSON is appointed As sistant-Surgeon to the Naval Department at Fernando Po. The Antelope (6), Lieut. PEARSE, tender to the Ra millies, sailed this morning for the Downs; and the Trinculo went out of harbour, and anchored in the Sound this afternoon. Captain G. BURDETT (1802) is appointed to the Britannia ; and Commander W. S. Al:Ansi-um (1825) is also appointed to her. Mr. JOHN Ltd.'s (1801) is appointed Purser of the St. Vincent. Arrived the Marina, PONCIIA RD, from Jersey, for Alge sir.is; Baroness Fortescue, EnwAnns, from London; Acorn, HEARD, from Oporto, for Galway and London derry. Sailed the Shannon, HUTCHINS, for Dublin.— Arrived the Nelson, TATE, from Quebec ; and the Erin, Al‘Kinnm, from Dublin. On Thursday, Sept. 3, the Triennial Visita tion of the diocese of Derry was held in the Cathedral of that City. The Lord Primate (Lord BERESFORD) in his charge, after adverting to the recent change in the laws affecting the Roman Catholics, dwelt at great length " upon the evils resulting from pluralists in the Established Church ; and said he would use all the influence which the law kad armed him with to suppress them." Of the ex pediency and propriety of abolishing the pluralities, no per son is more capable of forming an opinion than his Grace, and without a doubt there is no measure more calculated to increase the prosperity of the Church, from the certainty of its forcing the pastor to dwell among his flock, and making him solicitous to perform the duties of his station. His Grace, however, must remember, that his measure is impolitic, if it is not general; general, not only in his own diocese, but in the surrounding ones. If a man is per mitted to hold pluralities in one diocese and not in another, it is a matter of complaint to him who suffers by the rule others are unaffected by. To be forbidden to do that, which induces a neglect of duty, is no haidahip, but a par tial measure produces discontent and causes incalculable mischief, as it tends to separate common interests. The. Church of England is composed of all its dioceses, and a measure of advantage to it in one, must be equally so when adopted by the rest ; the unity of its government is de stroyed when the contrary is acted on. Let, therefore, pluralities be abolished by a general measure, which shall affect not only the lower orders of the Church, but even the highest; which shall not alone take a curacy from a Vicar, but the Deaneries of Durham, Bath and Wells, Canterbury, Worcester, and St. Paulo, from their five episcopal possessors. It is said the respectability of the English clergy ought nut to be lowered by a diminution of their income, though it arise from pluralities. This is only balancing a cure of souls against pounds, shillings, and pence. With respect to the Bishops, an equalization of income would take away all excuse for pluralities, grid equalization means not that one may ttot have more than another, but that it be not necessary that the present supe rior emoluments of the one above the other be obtained by depriving learned men, and those who spend the greater portion of their lives in our Universities, of those places, offices, and dignities which their learning and labour en titles them to, and whose habits in a great degree inca pacitate from performing the active duties of a parish. It is a slight measure which would advance the best inte rests of the Clii.;rch„ amid which would remove the great causes of scandal which at present threaten vitally to affect its prosperity. TOPOGRAPHICAL, POLITICAL, and MI. LITARY OBSERVATIONS on CONSTANT'. NOPLE, and the THRACIAN I3OSPHORUS. Constantinople, situate at 41 deg. north lati tude and 29 deg. east longitude from Paris, is placed at the extremity of a counter- fort, that forms part of a chain of high hills, which, run ning along the shores of the Black Sea, of the Bosphorus, and of the Propontis, joins Mount Hcemus to Rodope. The formation of this counter -fort is such, that three-fourths of the houses of the city have a view of the sea. Some large ravines, deepened by the rain, serve as out lets to the waters of the fountains, and divide the irregular base on which this city is built into seven parts or hills, thus giving it a physical similitude to ancient Rollie. Qpnstantinople, formerly celebrated uudcr the name of Byzan tium, became more populous and more import ant as soon as Constantine, sensible of the im mense advant ages o f i ts pos i t i on , fi xe d h ere, in the year 330, his residence and the seat of the Roman empire. This Emperor gave it - the name of New Rome, in order to male it a sharer in the glory and the advantages of the ancient mistress of the world. No one, however, called it any thing but Constantinople, or the city of Constantine ; and this appellation has been pre served to it by the Persians, by the Arabs, and even by the Turks, for, in the style of the Otto man chancery of the empire, (chancede. rie), and upon the co i n this city is designated by the nai l l eof ConsNutiniah. Th e hills upon whi c h i this city s built,----:the superb imperial mosques, surmounted by immense cupolas, and surrounded by lofty minarets, of which the chief/occupy the - , , • , --to'W._-•e-Gr 7 - ,----- ...... • . . . . . . • - ..:3 : iigt:•:: , • • (........._ jrze ' 4l :4___ x_e_e_ie262 - , / 4• i' l..\ ' ' l , .W.A4V; •: • : , , , - .t. , , ~ti% , ---"=•---•:•' , ( ••i.. , ... 47 0 1 7 '.. 1 -,, -----'- -` ' i , ''':--7-"Tk .....1 , . 4,:e‘ ,9ii c) . . 4 t'.4o-•:' '7..*:110' - .„- ..„. . e ~ , , ( ...... ). t -'/,' *l - 1 -, .1fIP• - .4* ,,,'. 'l .,'' L' ittiiit i llSPi' d 4o l 4- and bricks. CoMbusiible arid fragile, they re semble the condition 'of the men who inhabit them. If they chance to eSeap e th e f requent ravages of fire, they decay naturally, and 1111 into ruin at the end of 30 years. The custom s o f the East, which establish *a separation betweeo men and women, render it necessary that these edifices should be divided into two parts, which communicate with each other only by a vet narrow corridor, and of which one serves 'as :a harem for the women, while the other is used for the reception of friends and strangers. Notwithstanding the great praises which the Greeks haVe lavished upon the beauty of Con stantinople, before the epoch - of its fall, it is pro bable that this city was then neither m uc h be tter built nor m ore b eaut if u l t h an it is at present,: for the Turks, who have adopted the costume-of the inhabitants of Constantinople, and who have given to all their grand mosques the form' of St. Sophia, must have been idelined to imitate the architecture of the Greeks in the construction of their private houses also. .As there exists but very few edifices, with the exception ofehurehes, whoFe existence. is of higher' date . than the 16th' cen.. 7 tory, we may believe, not without reason, that the houses of the Greeks, which Mahomet-It, reserved to himself for his share in the conquest of the city, were generally built of wood, and that, destroyed by fires, they have re-appeared over an.l over again, after these disasters, i n the 'same ex ternal form and dimensions which they had before the taking of Constantinople by the Turks. The besestins, or public 'market-places, are . immense corridors, narrow enough, and badly lighted, of which the walls, built of stone and surmounted with arches, preserve from the vages of fire the merchandises which are le`': there, without fear or uneasiness, tinder the watch of men appointed to take care of them.— The merchants of all classes are there separated by nations and by professions. The 'rinks and the Armenians seldom ask too much for their goods, but the purchaser ought to be on his guard against the crafty Greek merchant : he ought also to reduce by half the prices asked by the Jews. PRICE 7D. most elevated points of this prornontory,—the houses, painted in different colours, and inter spersed with gardens, which are overtopped by cypress and other trees of perpetual verdure, — the disposition of all the edifices in form of am phitheatres,— the aspect of the harbour, ani mated by the presence of vessels of all sizes, and by thousands of gondolas,—lastly, the distant perspective of the country, where the most active vegetation glitters, —present a coup arced the most beautiful and the most imposing that is to be found in the whole universe. But this phy sical appearance is like the moral aspect which the vast empire of which Constantinople is the capital presents. The traveller, struck by the great extent of the Ottoman empire and by the recollection of its glory, thinks that he is about to traverse one of the most rich and powerful states in Europe ; but, as soon as he has entered it, he sees nothing but weakness, disorder, anarchy, and all the symptoms of rapid decay. The Magic' of the . aspect of Constantinople dis appears in the same manner. The heart shrinks, a feeling of deep melancholy seizes on the soul of the traveller, when, after having admired the exterior of this capital, which nature has des tined to be the queen of cities, he finds within it nothing but narrow, crooked, dirty, ill-paved streets: houses of wood, of brick, and of mud, and covered with a deceptious cement : a mul titude of men, whose grave and unquiet physiog nomy announces the pride that has dominion over them, or the fears that invade them, and on whose countenance there is seldom to be per ceived a smile, or that pleasing gaiety which characterizes a contented and happy people. Constantinople, situated opposite the southern extremity of the canal of the Bosphorus, the en closure of which, between two parallel chains of hills, forces the air to follow the rapid movement of the waters, enjoys the double advantage of having its atmosphere continually renovated and refreshed, and of seeing all the depositories of waste and pluvial waters carried away by the cur rents which precipitate themselves from the har bour into the Sea of Marmora. No marshy ground exists near this city. Its temperature, very mild, never presents cold of more than from 4 deg. to 5 deg. below 0, of the thermometer of lteaumur, nor heat of more than 26 deg. The meteorologic variations it experiences in the course of the year are about 64 days rainy, 5 snowy, 5 wintry, 20 overcast, 36 variable, 15 stormy, and 220 perfectly serene. The north and south winds, of which the course is deter• mined by the bearing of coasts and the positions of seas, succeed each other alternately. The north wind, which is produced by the expansion of the air, greater during the summer on the waters of the Archipelago than upon the Black Sea, blows almost constantly from the beginning of the month of April to the end of September. The south wind, which succeeds for a few days to the north, does not appear until the vapours, accumulated upon the isles of the Archipelago, have there condensed the air and diminished the heat of the temperature : it is for this reason that it is always wet and sometimes stormy. In the winter only, when all the high mountains-of European Turkey are covered with snow, do the east, west, and north-west winds blow. These are always very cold and snowy. With all these meteorologic advantages, Con stantinople ought to be ignorant of the existence of the plague, which, almost most active in heavy and wet weather, owes probably its origin and its renewal, as many observations have proved, to the warm and marshy places in the environs of Damietta, in Lower Egypt, whence this scourge, less fatal than the yellow fever, because it is easy to restrain and avoid it, spreads itself throughout all the provinces of the Ottoman empire. But the carelessness of the Government, the domi nion of fanaticism and of established usages, will preserve the germs of this destructive malady as long as this capital shall continue to languish under the yoke of these incorrigible barbarians. The suburbs of Fenar and Eyoub form part of Constantinople, and are only separated from it by walls of enclosure. Both are situated at the extremity of the harbour. Fenar is inhabited by the Patriarch and the principal Greek fatni lies, and by the numerous suite of domestics and dependents which are attached to them, Eyaub is peopled by , Turks only, and it contains the famous mosque called by the same name, whither the Ottoman Sultans, after their accession to the throne, repair, in order to be girded by the chief of the emirs with the sabre of command, which is the symbol of the military sovereignty, - The suburbs of liassehni, Raisen-Pacha, Galata, and Tophane, all situated along the nor thern bank of the harbour, are inhabited, the first by Jews, the second by the persons employed on the naval arsenal, the third by traders of all nations, among which, are 30 European factors, and the fourth by cannoniers, artillery woftimen, and their families. These suburbs, placed at the foot of a bill, are less healthy than the other parts of Constantinople, on account of their ex posure to the south, and do not enjoy, like Pfle, and Saint Dimitri, which are situated on, the upper plateau that commands them, the agreeable and salutary winds of the pl,ack Se a . The suburb of Scutari, situated on the Asiatic coast, is in a happy and cheerfid position. The air which is breathed there is always pure and fresh ; its environs are fertile : it serves as the point of departure and arrival to all t 4 caravans which traverse Asia their journey to Persia, Syria, and liindostan. Its population is more than 30,000 souls, sui T u l r t b % Isaai composede of Constantinopl eofl4iimi)eri an aln d ios o , f tw it g : 200 ordinary mosques, about 300 messgids, 80, besestins, more than 500 fonntains and about 100,000 houses. In some parts there are open spaces, for the most part irregular, in the midst of this laby rinth of houses ; but the - two most remarkali!it are the Hyppodrome, so celebrated in the tim e of the Romans, and the Etmeidan, or shambles, where the Janissaries are accustomed to carry their flesh pots, and to hold their assemblies when they want to overthrow the Ministers, or to depose the Sultan. The Hyppodrome, h is used at present as in the time of the Greeks, for horse exercises, is 400 paces long, and 100 broad ; its dimensions have not changed, since a needle of Egyptian granite, a pyramid of free stone, and a column of bronze, are still actually standing in the central line of this place, and at equal distances from its two extremities. The Turks, turning to advantage the aque ducts constructed by the Roman Emperors, have established at Constantinople a great number of fountains, of which the varied forms approach nearer to Chinese or Indian than to European architecture. The necessity of an abundant supply of water in every quarter of the city, for the baths and frequent ablutions of the Mussill-, mans, have made the Turkish fountaineers in dustrious. They are not much inferior to our own purveyors of waters. Their aqueducts and . their hydraulic pyramids are directed with as much care as skill. But, occupying themselves with the present only, and disdaining to cast a thought upon the future which threatens them, the Turks have neglected the numerous cisterns which the Greek Emperors constructed for the: supply of Constantinople in the event of a siege, and have permitted the Basilica to be transfmmedt into manufactori4 for cordage and silk-yarn. The number of the inhabitants of canstanti_ nople is uncertain. We can determine only :a f t 74 lis cit e -Y r approximate calculations tha population where there is no account kep n t neaj o : f sioa l ls are I c ri o rt n h s s tiv a lt n i d no ;: l l e ier a e nd tra i v t e s lle d r e s p l nad l e l ad mitted without passports. Some authors give to popula tion of 500,000 souls : others pretend that the number of the inhabitants of this city and its suburbs is more than 1,100,000. The daily consumption of wheat can alon e f urn i s h us witit the means of determining the number lay ap_ proximation. Fifteen thousand -kilota of fl our , which is equivalent to 840,000 pounds, (litres), leave every day the public magazines, in which is deposited, for the account of Go - fernment, all the grain destined f or t h e consumption of the in habitants of Constantinople, and are delivered to 4 hundred principal bakers of' this capital. Sup posing that the daily consumption of each indi- Vidual (men, women and children inclusive) is one pound of flour; which is a large allowance, considering : that the Turks make great use of fruits and vegatables,—thia will give us 840 ; 000 souls: if we add ty; this number more gran 30,000 persons who receive their subsL s t ence from the seraglio, and a number of i'inabitanta which is smug g o the daily dlas e si e l o al n i suz e r, io: roe f s w rlt heat t a i b o o n ii t ( 1 ) 4 f 00 6 0 0 0 n O s tsaonut lnU )i r e the e ge t e h t e i r y e popula course of mortality, founded on the ors'' Other when this city is not afflicted with the plague or by other c2,o?igious dis eases , g i ve pretty nearly the e results. The grAlkil 41.04(pe5, of which the magnificent oolumuzi were almost all taken from the ruined temples of ancient Greece, have been c , onstructed upon the model of the chutTh of St. Sophia, which is imposing by its, tnassiveness, admirable for the grandeur of, ifs cupolas, but less elegant than the terc.ple3 of ancient and modern pomp, and perhaps less interesting with respect tc l bold ness and lightness than many churches of Gothic architecture. The smaller mosques and the messgids are only distinguished from private houses by their contiguity to a minaret, from tote top of which the nezzms call the ,Nussulmans to prayers. The privato h ouses arc com posed o f li g h t miller, the interstices being filled up with earth This general 'population divides itself into 1 120,000 Greeks, 90,000 Armenians, 50,000 Jews, 2,000 Franks, 630,000 Mahornetans. Each of these nations inhabits separate quartets, and has , a distinct costume and different u.sages. The form of the " cahouk " Qf hat, aijd the colour_of the boots, uhich aro yellow for *Alussul mans, red for Armenians, black for the Greeks, and blue for the Jews, serve to distinguir,n be tween them at ;he first gla»re. The Qsinali and the Armenian, vCtio are of Asiatic. origin, have nearly the same manners and follow the same usages. Their wives liv e in retirement and wear a veil, which covers their figure, when they fro into the streets. The gloomy pictures which some writers, sealous ad mirers of Eurceean manners, have been pleaded to trams. a oriental jealousy, are exaggerated, The Turks and the Arrnen4s, in gety,tral, love their wives with tenderness, and rarey know how to refuse them what they des;.: e . Fond wives, and excellent mothers, the nahometan and , Ar- Menial) ; women have generally no other object but to please their husbands and to bring up the r m he , s r e ei gu le a r li t t l i i e e s' fai ‘ r 'h s i e c x 4 h th ael e t e roc y r es of the T ur k s and Ar-. isdtnohi respectable e l s d ithha r e baa n itl: i elat t husband who strikes his wife i s looked upon as the basest and most conte.mptible of' men. The Greek wom en , more free, are not always, perhaps, so pure in their manners. Th e cltil dull, less caret! for, sometimes neglect their parents. Family quarrels scandalize• the puhlit from time to time. We very often e Greek husbands strike their wives, without exciiing-the. indignation of their fellow -countryme n , • - (To BE CONTINUED.) • 4,1111.0 ,11( t'ERRING'S PATENT LIGHT BEA. vER HATS, at 21s. to 265. weighing only 51 2 - A n 4e es, Are the best ever offered to public notice; for 11 -I.44 ilitY and brightness they are unequalled ; they are citna?re than half the weight of the common made hat, wear equally as long. Carriage, Opera, and Tra ling Rats and Caps of every Invention.—Establish tv4re etite, 85 , Strand, corner of Cecil-street ; 124, Edge -road • ' and at Idammersutith. Q Z) !=