The Sun. — London, England, 1859-10-18 00:00:00

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. under the management of Miss L. Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS EVENING, DINORA H. Messrs. Santley, H. Cord, St. Albyn, and W. Harrison. Misses Piling, 'Ain wall, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Conductor, Alfred Mellon. DIVERTISSEMENT. Mdlles. Lequine, Pasquale, Pier- Ton, and Mons. Vandris. Commence at 8 o'clock. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buokstone. THIS ETENTNG the performances will commence with AN 'UNEQUAL MATCH. Miss Amy Sedgwick. After which, a new Farce, entitled THE RIFLE, AND HOW TO USE IT. Messrs. Buckstone, Compton, Rogers, Mrs. B. White, Sire. Wilkins, and Mrs. E. Fitzwilliam. And HALLOWE'EN. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.— Lessee, Mr. A. Farris. THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with LOVE'S TELEGRAPH. To be followed by a dramatic tableau in - Watteau colours, by J. R. Planche, Esq., entitled LOVE AND FORTUNE. To conclude with THE TWO POLTS. NEWW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI. THIEATR - ROYAL, ADELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Open for the Winter Season. THIS EVENING will be performed ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Chas Selby, and Miss Relit. After which. THE WILLOW COPSE. Luke, Mr. Ben. Webster ; Hulks, Mr. David Fisher ; Augustus, Mr. J. L. Toole ; Staggers, Mr. Paul Bedford. Followed by LOVE AND HUNGER. Mr. David Fisher, Mr. Paul Bedford, C. Selby, C. J. Smith, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—C,onunence at seven. Box- Onice open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this establishment are strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter fon. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen gers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING, PA WEN rs AND GUARDIANS. After which the successful Ballet Farce, by John Oxen ord, Esq., entitled MAGIC TOYS, supported by Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, and a numerous Corps de Ballet. To conclude with the New and Original Burlesque, by L. Buckingham, Esq., of VIRGINIUS ; or the Trials of a Fond Papa. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, Is. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half past six ; perform ance commences at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Misa Swanborongh THIS EVENING, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN EGGS. After which THE GREAT RUSSIAN BEAR; or, An other Retreat from Moscow. And CAUGHT BY THE EARS. Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE LADY OF LYONS. . _ . Coirunenoe at 7 o'clock. CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.- EVERY EVENING.—The Music of Verdi's Opera o: 3IACBETH (now first made public in England at these Com certs). In a few days will be produced a Selection from Meyer• beer's new opera of DLNORAH. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George !Tolson (the Irish Come. dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfleld, and E. W. Mackney. „ . Several Interesting Pictures ar c added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified. and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant nights of the metropolis. TBB WEATHER.—Sux Or'totem, OCTOBER 18. TIIIIRMOICETER, IN TIIR SHADS. 65—highest since neon yesterday. 51—lowest this morning and during the night. 57—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.98. WnTD, Easterly; light. with dull weather. HIGH WATER, AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, sh. 27m.—Afternoon, sh. 52m. To-MORROW-Morning, 6h. 21m.—Afternoon, 6h. 55m. , A • 2 , • „m o s THE. SUN. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 18t9. Another Cabinet Council, it will be seen, was held yesterday. Ministers are beginning to bestir themselves. They numbered " nine " at the close of last week, and now, at the beginning of this week, " eleven " out of the Sixteen assembled to gether round the council board. The last stragglers are dropping in, just as the QUEEN and her Court are reaching Windsor Castle. Michaelmas has passed, though the term of that ilk has not yet commenced. The lawyers may yet, for the most part, be scattered, for we are still but in the midst of October—but the Ministers of the Crown, the great State drudges in this community, the normal state of which really appears to be drudgery, are already girding up their loins for the work before them, or at any rate (which is so far a concession on their part), affect to be doing so. Several, of course, out of the Sixteen have been flitting to and fro, at intervals, about the purlieus of Downing street during the lapse of the two months which have already elapsed since the prorogation of Par liament. The business of the country does not admit of any long vacation (save in name) for those intrusted nominally by the Crown, but virtually by the Legislature, with the responsibilities of Admini stration. The Prime Minister, particularly when it happens, as it does at the present moment, that he has no less than fifteen colleagues to look after and to keep in harmony one with another in spite of the notorious fact of the vast majority of their opinions being diametrically antagonistic—the Prime Minister, for one, can obviously never by any chance whatever have what is called an easy time of it. Go whithersoever he may—the silver tissue papers of those plaguey telegrams flock after him pertinaciously. His messengers are continually on the move with those radiant green morocco boxes, or those dingy brown leather bags like for gotten valises dropped by travellers of the last cen tury—all of them (bags and boxes) stuffed to reple tion with papers old and new, despatches and memoranda, looked at (which is bad enough), or (which is worse) still to be looked at. At any age, " never-ending still-beginning," toil like this would be extraordinary to think of—but, at seventy-five ! Why a Premier of seventy five, even though he be inspirited by the constitutional vivacity of Lord PALMERSTON, can have left to him, in the thick of his Ministerial responsibilities, but small space for even a momen tary idea of leisure. Remembering, again, the more direct responsibi lities devolving upon each of the fifteen colleagues and snperbordinates of the First Lord of the Treasury, and bearing in mind how it is that the duties are distributed among those fifteen heads of the separate departments, we can readily appre ciate how few among them can have oppor tunities, however sparsely scattered, for anything like real repose from the anxieties and drudgeries of administration. The Chancellor of the Exche quer, for example, is more or less incessantly kept with his faculties upon the strain, by reason of the most ingenious among his numerous fiscal and financial arrangements being, by the nature of things, perpetually liable, we might almost say perpetually certain, to become complicated. The Foreign Secretary has to keep well in hand the delicate and continually shifting threads of diplo macy, and to keep them one and all if possible —and this in the midst of the whirl of the world's events—alike from snapping and from entangle ment. The First Lord of the Admiralty has to remain ever vigilantly upon the watch, with his weather eye open, upon all the fleets and squadrons, upon all the dockyards, upon all the naval stations, upon all the seas, upon all quarters of the globe, looking well to the national defences not only along our iron-bound coasts, but along those also of all our vast and remote colonies, while at the same time conscious that his means must be econo mised as well as may be in this rigorous age of re trenchment. As for the Colonial Secretary, even with the aid of the Post-office programme, giving him a rough outline of the days when the various mails are expeeted,he (luckless Minister) knows not upon any evening what may be in store for him upon the morrow, what storm of docu- ments may pour upon his devoted head from those dreadful letter-bags landed at inter vals of frightful uncertainty, sometimes alter nately, sometimes simultaneously at Liverpool or at Southampton. Now a douch of papers from British Columbia—now an avalanche from Hong Kong—now a cataract from Corfu and Cephalonia. His position is more breathless and embarrassing in this particular than the ordinary recipient of a shower-bath he holds not the string him self ! In effect, the string "is multiple—not " one " but " fifty " and all the fifty held in hands invisible, ever ready to pull fitfully by turns, or, as the accident may be, together. So of the rest respectively at the heads of their diverse departments—but few, indeed, of those having offices in any way exceptionally coming under the category of mere sinecures ! Offices, for instance, like those now held by Sir GEORGE GREY and Mr. CARDWELL —the former in his official character as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster taking high rank among the more inscrutable mysteries of the age—the latter in his conspicuous position as Chief Secretary for Ireland having such an infinitesimally small quantity of work to do in return. for his salary—that one of his more sensitively conscientious and outspoken pre decessors in the office, Mr. HORSMAN, to wit, threw up the post in disgust at the sheer frivolity of it, almost, we might say (re membering his manly and candid explanation to the House of Commons), with feelings of shame and indignation. The :administrative toil, in fact, there is hardly any doubt of this, is very unequally distributed : so unequally distributed that, as we all of us very well remember, it was only two or three short years ago since the Colonial Department in Downing-street, by one bold stroke of Administrative Reform, was split into two Secretaryships—those of War and the Colonies— yet leaving to each, but especially to the latter, more work to get through habitually than would suffice to exhaust the ordinary run of continental statesmen and administrators. So much, in fact, requires to be done month after Month, week after week, day after day, in the way of mere administrative drudgery that Ministers find ready excuse for evading upon that one plea, the long obvious and even glaringly urgent neces sities for Reforms in the organisation of our whole system of Government—reforms of all kinds, legal, financial, sanitary, educational, and Par liamentary. Hence, in point of fact, Ministers of the Crown have •acquired, as it were; an incor rigible habit of meeting in Cabinet Council osten sibly for the purpose of preparing their measures, but, in reality, to shirk—there is no other word for it—ab olutely to shirk the very questions most loudly demanding their consideration. Hitherto the nation has had no remedy for the evil of this systematic evasion and postponement—and this simply because of the prolonged disorganization of parties within the walls of the Legislature. Again, however, we possess now the old security that evasions of this kind cannot so easily be persevered in by Minis ters—and that grand security is, it need hardly be added, results from the strength, the energy, and the discipline of her MAJESTY'S Opposition. In the political game now playing ou the chess- ! board of Italy there are two parties who know Cs tinctly what they want, who have, therefore, no occasion for mystery or for hesitation. The four united provinces of Central Italy say to VICTOR EmmarruEL, and to all Europe, We wish to be united with each other and with Sardinia ; and England replies—lt is your unquestionable right ; do it then and prosper ! But what a complexity of counsels and plannings north of the Alps, and south of the Duchies too. The poor petty PONTlFF—petty as a temporal ruler—is worried to death with his ungrateful subjects, who, despite all Mr. BOWYER'S proofs that they are the most blessed people in Europe, persist in spurning the secular rule of the very man whose spiritual office they superstitiously venerate ; and, while Pius utters bitter denuncia tions against the King of SARDINIA, and sends his Ambassador his passports, the Romans would, if the French would let them, make St. Peter's itself resound with the viras for VICTOR EMMANUEL ; and, because no demonstration is allowed, they quietly pile ten thousand cards on the departing Ambassador's table, and make silent signs of recog nition as he leaves the city which desires his mas ter as its Sovereign ! South of Rome there is he of Naples longing to put down the Romagnese, but fearing to be put down himself ; and north-east are the Romagnese and GARIBALDI waiting with anxiety to see whether the POPE'S Perugians will venture to renew, if they can, their holy atroeities at Bologna. May GARIBALDI reward them ac cording to their deeds if they do ! And then, again, north of the Alps, what would the two arch-plotters be at ? Austria, poor, frightened, bankrupt Austria, she must, of course, talk big— and act pertinaciously; but how to secure what she would like to get, but has no hope of gaining, she cannot tell—though hopeless, she seems as if she would try to the last. Zurich, however, seems to be a failure, for all, at least, that the world is per mitted to know of it ; and if it did hatch anything from the Villafranca preliminaries we should soon know it. But it is to the oracle at Biarritz that all the world 'is looking. His own press try to draw him out, though almost in vain. Inch by inch his will is allowed to appear, and the semi official Constitutionnel, and the authorised Moniteur, inform us that the EMPEROR will not allow resto ration of runaway Sovereigns by arms ; or that PLoN-PLom was never intended to be hoisted to Royalty on the backs of the poor Italians. Still nothing positive can be learned. A Cardinal- Archbishop and his clergy attempted to get a response from the oracle • only last week, and they, indeed, got one, but it was the old Aio to 2Eacida Romanos vincere posse. They re minded him how he had said years ago, when en gaged in murdering the liberties of republican Rome, that the "temporal sovereignty of the vener able head of the Church is intimately connected with the fame of Catholicism and the liberty and independence of Italy." "Yes," replied the Bor deaux APOLLO, " a new era of glory will arise for the Church on the day when the whole world will share my conviction that the temporal power of the Holy Father is not opposed to the liberty and independence of Italy." When did the PYTHONESS beat that ? Is the world to repent and believe in the temporal power of the PorE as it stands ; or, is his Holiness to repent and modify the exercise of his power till his little domains become a model of civil and religious liberty for the world ? A hint indeed in this latter direction follows, for the ecclesiastics aro told that Europe expects the speedy withdrawal of French soldiers (who never had any business there) ; and then " what will they leave behind—anarchy, terror, or peace?" And now, amidst all these frights and selfish schemes and diplomatic perplexities, what should hinder the two parties who have a clear and honest cause from carrying their point ? Italy is wholly in the right, England openly declares through her Foreign Minister, who on this point is entirely of one mind with the Premier, that she is so. Cannot England and Italy insist upon the simplest inter national justice against all the world ? There never could be less need for war. There can be no dis pute respecting the facts of the case. The Villa franca preliminaries did not include force for Central Italy, and even if they had done so it would have been bare-faced wrong to an indepen dent people, of which either party was at liberty to repeat and bound to repeat. The oracle, however, has assured us that Dukes are not to be forced on Duchies, even if the latter have unwisely cast them off. The only open point, then, is whether the Duchies have a right to join themselves to Sardinia, and Sardinia a right to accept the offer of union. And why not ? Are royal marriages, or con quests, or robberies, like the partition of Po land, to be the only means of uniting nations, even when language, habits, religion, neigh bourhood, unite them already ? Must all unions of peoples be inaugurated, not by the un sought spontaneous votes of the people themselves, but by their rulers ? It seems impossible to conceive a better mode or better object of union than that now sought by the four States of Central Italy. We hope, therefore, Lord JOHN RUSSELL will abide immoveably by his Aberdeen declarations. They were meant, not for the Scotch city only, but for Italy and Europe. They were intended, we trust, to encourage Louis NAPOLEON in a policy he had already been persuaded to adopt, and to warn Austria that no settlement should she obtain which England would ratify, unless she consented toleave the Duchies the independence she demands for her self. Russia seems likely to lean to Sardinii and Italian independence. Prussia cannot well thwart our counsels and espouse those of her rival. Louis NAPOLEON must wish, now he can gain nothing else, to gain the honour of having done something worth his battles for Italy. Never, as it would seem, had statesman a better opportunity to serve the cause of continental freedom than . Lord JOHN now has. Without a congress the potentates can not get through ; England has but to insist on her conditions—of recognising the will of the Duchies as its basis—and the thing is tone. A congress without England would not be a European settle ment ; with her it would be the liberation of Cen tral Italy. We believe Lord JOHN to hold the very opinions he ought on this question—let him but be as obstinate for right as he can be for wrong in other matters, the ballot, for instance, and he will restore amongst the peoples of Europe the faith that England not only is free herself, but wishes other nations to be free also. The Queen and Prince Consort, accompanied b; Prince Arthur, Princess Helena, and Princess Louisa, arrived at Windsor Castle at half-past 7 last evening, from Penrhyn Castlo, North Wales. The Duke of Newcastle arrived at his residence in Portman-square last evening from Wales. The Earl and Countess of Hardwicke and family have left town for Wimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire. The Earl and Countess of Arran have arrived in town from the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. Lord Crewe left town yesterday for Brighton. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury in Downing-street. The Ministers present were Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Lord John Russell, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, Sir C. Food, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Somerset, Sir G. Grey, the Earl of Elgin, the Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson, and the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers. THE PRINCE OF WALES.—The Prince of Wales arrived in Oxford yesterday, and proceeded to Frewen Hall, the residence prepared for him, where an address was almost immediately presented to him by the Mayor, Alder man, and Town Clerk of Oxford. Shortly afterwards the Prince proceeded to Christ Church, and was entered on the College books, accompanied by the Very Rev. the Dean. He then proceeded to the Vice-Chancellor's lodgings, where he was matriculated with the usual ceremonies. The result of the exa.mination into the conspiracy at Constantinople is not yet known, although the proceed ings were at an end on the 3d inst. The Pasha of Minas tir, one of the conspirators, has been taken to the Turkish capital in a steamer belonging to the Austrian Lloyd. Giaffer Pasha, whe was not drowned in the Bosphorus, is said to have reached Syra on his way to Corfu. The King of Sardinia has issued various decrees, one of which fixes the interest of Treasury Bonds having fro m three to six months to run at 31 per cent., and from seven to twelve months at 4f per cent. By another decree the University degrees taken in Tuscany, as well as those taken in Modena, Parma, and Bologna, are declared valid throughout the Sardinian States: A third decree authorises the Minister of Finance to arrange a Customs' league with the Duchies and Romagna; and a fourth suppresses the Customs' line on the frontiers of Parma, Piacenza, and Modena. TUE GREAT EASTERN.—An announcement that it has been determined to send the Great Eastern to America towards the end of the month is premature, th 3 directors having as yet come to no decision on the subject. NEW GUN BOATS.—Orders were received at Deptford yesterday, by Mr. Chatfield, master shipwright, to prepare for the fitting out of three new gun boats, which have been built by private contract. They are named the Mullet, the Lee, and Hart, and they will be furnished with armaments, consisting of one 68-psunder and four 24-pound howitzers. DEATH OF COMMANDER THOMAS GEORGE NICHOLS, R.N.—The above gallant veteran expired at Milton, Kent, at the advanced age of 74 years. Ho was midshipman of the Medusa, at the taking of the Maldonado and during the operations in the River Plate in 1806-07. He was acting lieutenant of the Racehorse in the frigate action off Madagascar in 1811, and was confirmed to that rank in January, 1812, and retired with the rank of com mander in July, 1853. DEATH 6i , COLONEL JOHN MARTIN BLADEN NEILL DEPUTY-ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF VICTORIA.- _ The above gallant officer, who was killed at Melbourne by a fall from his horse on the 10th of July, was the second and only surviving son of the late Lieut.-Col. Smith Neill, of Barnwell and Swindridgemuir, Ayrshire. Ho entered the army as ensign in March, 1833, became lieutenant in January, 1835, and served with the 40th Regiment of Foot throughout the operations in Candahar and Affghanistan in 1841 and 1812, for which he received a medal. He be came captain in March, 1842 ; major, June, 1849 ; lieut.- colonel, October, 1855 ; and colonel in October, 1858. He had held the appointment as Deputy-Adjutant-General at Australia since 1855. DEATH OF THE HON. JOHN WM. FORTESCUE.— We have to record the death of the Hon. John Wm. For tescne, second sou of the Earl Fortescue by his first mar riage with Lady Susan. Ryder, eldest daughter of the late Earl of Harrowby, who died at Madeira on the 25th ult. The hon. gentleman had been for more than 12 months in a very weak state of health, and, as a last resort, repaired last year to Madeira. Viscount and Viscountess Ebrington were with their attached relative at his dissolution. Mr. Fortescue was born July 14, 1819, was for some years in the 7th Regiment of Foot, and was for a time aide-de-camp to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. In 1855 he was ap pointed Lieut.-Colonel of the Ist Devon Militia, which, however, he resigned the following year, from indifferent health. He way a Deputy-Lieutenant of Devonshire, and represented Barnstaple from 1847 to 1852. DEATH OF LADY RAMSAY. The Inverness Courier says :—" In our obituary of this week will bo found the name of Lady Ramsay, sister of the late Glengarry, and mother of the late Chisholm. She had, it appears, reached the ripe age of 82 and died, surrounded by her grand -chil dren, at the residence of her son-in-law, Mr. Chisholm Batten, in the fine valley of Taunton Dean, in Somerset shire. It is, perhaps, worthy of remark that Sir Walter Scott's famous dog Maida, which lies sculptured by his side in the Edinburgh monument was given to Sir Walter by Lady Ramsay's brother, Alexander Macdonell, of Glen garry, the prototype of Fergus M'lvor.' The dog was named Maida by Sir Walter, in compliment to Sir James Macdonell, brother of the chief, who had distinguished himself at the battle of Maida. These family reminiscences are all of the dead— the place that once knew them knows them no more.."' ----- KNIGHTING OF THE LORD PROVOST OF EDIN IWRGIL—Her Majesty having signified her intention of conferring upon the Lord Provost the honour of knight hood previous to her departure from Edinburgh, the cere mony took place at Holyrood Palace on Saturday morning. The Lord Provost was in attendance at the Palace at halt past eight o'clock, and was presented to her Majesty by the Duke of Newcastle, the Secretary of State in attendance. Her Majesty having commanded the Lord Provost to kneel, the usual form was gone through, and his lordship rose as Sir John Melville. The honour was conferred in the pre sence of the Prince Consort, Princess Alice, Princess Helena, General Grey, and Colonel Ponsonby. This act of her Majesty is one very acceptable to the citizens of Edinburgh. —Daily Scotsman. Loss OF A SHIELDS SHIP AND ALL HANDS.— There appears now no doubt that the South Shields collier brig Edgar which left the Tyne exactly a month ago for Hamburg, with a fleet of other vessels going oversea, has perished with all hands. Shortly after leaving the Tyne the fleet encountered a heavy gale, and three or four of them were lost on the Dutch coast ; the William, of South Shields, with all her crew. Some hope was entertained that the crew of the Edgar might have been picked up by another vessel, but that has been abandoned. Her stern has washed up within about 60 miles of the Elbe. When vessel sailed from the Tyne she had 10 hands on board, Her mas ter was Mr. Edward Mackay, and his brotlier, William Mackay, was the mate of the vessel. The e. - .ual complement of hands (officers, crew, and apprentices), was nine ; but it seems that as the vessel was proceed - 111,g to sea a little lad, brother of the cabin boy, stowed himself below to get a runaway vogage to sea, and the poor little fellow has perished with the vessel and Uor crew.—Darlington Maw, ASTLE 'EA T_RE. The Winter season commenced at this favourite theatre last evening, on which occasion was produced an original historical drama in four acts, by Tom Taylor, Esq., entitled. =" Garibaldi." The piece is founded on the autobiography of the distinguished Italian General, and the records of the Italian wars hi 1848.9, and illustrate the principal stages of his career, from his service under the Republic of Uruguay in 1846, to his last victories in the Valtelline in 1859. Of course the author has drawn rather plentifully from his own fertile imagination, and if he does not pour tray the fortunes of the hero with the stern fidelity of the historian, he has the often more popular merit of depicting them with all the grace and eloquence of a romantic fancy. The first act of the spectacle is laid in the republic of Uruguay, 1846, and here we find Gui.sepPe Garibaldi, a free lance commander of the Italian legion in the service ,of the Banda Oriental succ essfull y' defeating an attempted surprise by Col. Garzon and the Red Lancers of Buenos Ayres. Act 2 illustrates his deeds at Rome in 1849, and the scene opens in Garibaldi's head quarters outside the Villa Savorelli, near the Porta San Pomerazio. The effects introduced in this portion of the scene vividly portray the dreadful incidents of actual war fare, and the deadly strife between the French and Italians at the Bth Bastion is a wonderfully well managed stage illusion. In act 3 (August, 1819) Garibaldi is represented as a fugitive on the shores of the Adriatic. We must pro test against the introduction of the death of the hero's wife. It is a painful incident, and, under present circumstances, had better have been omitted. In the 4th act we find Garibaldi a general in the Piedmontese service, and the grand and concluding tableau is the battle at the Stelvio Pass. This scene, like the one we have already mentioned, was admirably arranged, and reflected the highest credit upon the stage manager, Mr. R. Phillips, under whose direction the spectacle was produced, and who also capitally enacted the part of " Garibaldi's Englishman." Mr. Geo. Behnore made his first appearance in the part of Procopio, Garibaldi's negro attendant, and, from the applause bestowed on his acting, he is likely to become a great favourite. The dresses and appointments were splendid, and the scenery, by Mr. Herbert, very beautiful—of course, ex cepting the unruly and ricketty waterfall in the Ist act. At the fall of the curtain the applause was enthusiastic, and after Mr. W. Cooke, Mr. R. Phillips, Mr. Belmore, and Miss Carson had bowed their thanks in obedience to a welf-merited " call," the piece was given out for repetition every evening till further notice. The entertainments concluded with the celebrated " Scenes in the Circle," in which Miss Emily and Mr. Wm. Cooke elicited applause by the elegance and dexterity of ;heir performances. The house was crowded. OLYMPIC THEATRE. - A very pretty little comic drama, in two acts, called " A Husband to Order," was produced at this theatre last night with great success. The characters were all very well played, but Miss Wyndham is entitled to special notice. Mr. Vining looked very well, and played in a frank manly manner. Mr. Gordon and Mrs. Emden threw great spirit and character into a small part. Mr. Cooke, as usual, was admirable, and Miss Hughes was ladylike and natural. Mr. H. Wigan's sketch of the old Baron was French in its finish. The adaptation, which will doubtless have a run, is the work of Mr. J. M. Morton. ILATEST NEWS. GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION. The renowned Cavalier Poletti, the prince of conjurors, has returned to London for the season, and gave yesterday evening his opening seance at the Gallery of Illustration. The "prolific scarf" yielded a most plentiful crop of feathered javelins, with which the professor planted the stage all over, and the "speaking currency" was remark able as being the only instance in which any question con nected with the currency had ever been rendered amusing. There was an eitraordinary hat out of which the cavalier drew an endless succession of hardware and toys, and finished by producing a qtantity of sovereigns, which of themselves would have been sufficient to render the enter tainment remunerative. We strongly recommend Mr. Gladstone to borrow this wonderful beaver when ponder • ing over the ways and means next year, as it possibly may enable him to do without any further addition to the income tax. The evening's entertainment met with a hear: 7 and unanimous approval. THE TEA TRADE, Oct. 17.—The deliveries in London estimated for the week were 764,3361 b., which is . a decrease of 1.5,2291 b., compared with the previous state ment. A letter from Vienna, dated October 15, says : "It is probable that the relations between Russia and Austria are on the point of becoming more friendly, as it was M. de Balabine who gave this Government to under stand that a visit from a member of the Imperial family would be acceptable to his Sovereign. As has already been stated, the Archduke Albrecht is to go to War saw, and it is understood that an unusually large suite will accompany him. Very many persons in this city believe that an alliance, for defensive purposes, will be concluded between Russia, Prussia, and Austria, but no thing has occurred which could induce me to share that opinion. The two great German Powers have for the mo ment suspended their bickerings, but you may be sure that their animosity is as great as it was." THE EXPEDITION FOR CHlNA.—Yesterday in consequence of the recent numerous arrivals of vessels from foreign and colonial parts, and the limited demand for sea men in the merchant service, a large number of able and ordinary seamen offered themselves at the Royal Naval Rendezvous, Tower-hill, which was besieged with appli cants, several of whom were accepted and sent on board the Crocodile receiving ship. There is still a very great dearth of stokers, who are much required for the steam gun boat flotilla fitting for service in China. Scarcely a day passes that volunteers for the navy do not arrive from the northern parts by railway. These are borne on the books of the Crocodile for provisions until they are drafted to their respective ships. SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH TO AUSTRALIA.—Mr. Gisborne's project to extend the submarine telegraph from Batavia to Moreton Bay, by way of Timor, Port Essington, and Capp York, has been favourably received, and though public opinion was previously in favour of the line of tele graph following that of mail communication, by . ICipg George's Sound and Swan river, he has succeeded in ad vancing such excellent reasons for the route he advocates as to have made converts of most people. There is little doubt but that the Victorian Government will guarantee interest on a portion of the capital required if the Home Govern ment and the adjoining colonies will furnish their quota. It is proposed that Victoria should contribute in the same proportion to the proposed guarantee as she already does to the mail subsidy, viz., one-fourth of the whole amount — leaving the adjoining colonies to subscribe another fourth, and the mother country one•half.—dustralian and New Zealand Gazette. Miss MARTINEAU ON DIET.—The greatest amount of nourishment of both kinds is contained in flour, meat, potatoes, and peas ; milk, cheese, rice, and other grains, and sugar ; while tea, coffee, and cocoa are of great value in their way. Such are the materials • but they may be so treated in the cooking as to waste what is valu able, and preserve what is of the least consequence. It is possaible to manage the making of a stew so as to wash away the best qualities of the meat, and leave the vege tables hard, and drain away 'the thickening, causing a predominant taste of smoke and salt. When Miss Nightingale and her assistants undertook to cook in the Eastern hospitals, they made a pint of thick arrowroot from one ounce of the powder, while in the general kitchen 1 it took two ounces to make a pint of thin arrowroot. It was the proper boiling of the water that made the difference here. Again, two ounces of rice were saved on every four puddings when the nurses made the puddings. Such inci dents show that it is not enough to have the best materials for nourishment : they must be husbanded in the prepara• tion. It seems probable that, by sensible conduct all around, everybody might command enough of the best ma terial for food ; and it is certain that a very small propor tion_ of the wives of Englishmen know how to do justice to the food they buy.—Once a Week. CHILD MURDEIL—SINGULAR DISCOVERY OP TIM BODY BY A DOG, Yesterday afternoon Mr. Witkley held an inquest at the Rainbow Tavern, Liverpool-road, Islington, on the body of a newly-born male, infant, which had been found under the following somewhat singular cir cumstances. It appeared that a gentleman named Brown, living at Mildmay Villas, Mildmay Park, Stoke Newing ton, was, shortly after eight in the evening on Wednesday last, strolling near the parsonage of St. Jude's Church, Stoke Newington, when a terrier which he had with hint suddenly made a set at something which was lying on a bank in a brick field which adjoins the parsonage, and close to the wall of the front garden. From the pertinacity with which the dog kept to the spot, and the uneasiness she evinced, he went up and found her with her paw upon a bundle, which he found to contain the body of a child, and he took it at once to the Kingsland police station. The body, which was that of a remarkably fine male in fant, had to all appearance been dead about three days. It was wrapped in a blue checked apron, then some white rag, and outside a piece of an old black gown. Some pieces of a newspaper were adhering to the back of the child, as if it had been originally wrapped up in one. Mr. J. James, of Newington, surgeon, stated that he had made post mortem examination, and had no doubt but that the child had been born alive, and had even lived some minutes. There were no marks of violence about it, and the conclusion which ho .t came to es to the cause of death was, that after its birth had been allowed to bleed to death. The naval string had not been tied, and bad either been torn from the mother or some person or persons unknown . sseiovnertehdeujinthrysormeteurnblvudnte v in e s: d r i ll e r oefnwt.ilfAulft m er ur s d om er e a d s a c i n u s s - t GOSP3Ir FROM BALMORAL.—On Friday, the 7th nMajesty, accompanied by the Prince Consort, the ins t ., , her eeo of Wales, and the Princess Alice , started from the Castle at half past eight in• the morning, determined to m ake the ascent of Ben Maedhui. They occupied, with their attendants, a carriage and four and two carriages with pairs,' and drove by Castletown of Braemar to the Shiel of Derry, where the gillies, with Highland ponies, had pre ceded them. The Royal party, mounting these, started up the mountain, attended by the gillies and Mr. Grant, game keeper, who acted as hill guide, and reached the summit of the secoud highest mountain in Britain by two o'clock. The day luckily was fine and clear, and the view mag nificent. After lunching and staying on the top for some time, the Royal party began to descend on their return to the Castle, Which was reached in the evening about half-past eight. On Sunday the Queen, the Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales, and Princess Alice, attended by the ladies and gentlemen of the household, attended Divine worship in the parish church, where Principal T'ul loch, of St. Andrew's, officiated, preaching a most eloquent and instructive sermon. The church, notwithstanding the heavy rain in the morning, was crowded. 'ln the afternoon the Queen, accompanied by the Princesses Alice and Helena, drove to Corbyha', visiting and distributing presents t) the people in bidding them good bye; after which her Majesty drove to Kintore and Belnacroft, leaving in almost every house some substantial mark of her royal bounty in com forts of different kinds for the people. On Monday the Queen and Princesses spent most of the day in visitinc , the people in the neighbourhood .of the Castle, and, as on Sun day, giving presents.—.elbenfeeit Free Press, INDIA AND CHINA. We have been favoured with the following tele gram from the Red Sea and India Telegraph Com pany, receivee by post from Alexandria : f' GISBORNE TO CHAS. L. PEEL, ESQ., LONDON. ADEN, OCT. 6, 1859. " The Pekin, with Bombay dates to the 27th ult., arrived last evening. The Grenada left Hong kong on the 24th August, and reached Bombay on the 18th September. " The authorities at Pekin are said to be ready to receive our Minister in a friendly manner. Meanwhile the Indian Government had been applied to for 15,000 troops. Her Majesty's 67th and 99th are under orders for China. " The Russian Governor of Eastern Siberia has reached the Peiho, and is to be followed by four gunboats. " Central India is still unsettled. The frontier districts of Nepaul are still occupied by the Nana and his followers. " The Waghers are still in insurrection. A force is to be sent against them. " The import market is still active, but a fall in prices expected. The export market quiet. Rates of tonnage show no improvement. Money abun dant. " Exchange on London, six months' sight, 28: ; Five-and-a-Half per Cents., 51 discount." The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Renter's office : BERNE, OCT. 17. The Federal Council has bought the Austrian steamers on the Lago Maggiore. TURIN, OCT. 17. The official Piedmontese Gazette says—" On the representations made by the Sardinian Govern ment Austria has suspended the works at Rocca- Anfo, and has notified that the mines had been blown up by mistake, expressing at the same time her regret at the occurrence." The Dowager Empress of Russia took her de parture yesterday from Genoa for Nice. BRESLAU, OCT. 18. According to an official annnouncement the Em peror of Russia will arrive at Breslau on Saturday morning next, and will take his departure on Sun day evening. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Prus sia will arrive here on Friday next. MADRID, OCT. 17. Government has declared to the Cortes that be fore the time granted to Morocco to satisfy the de mands of Spain had expired, it had received infor mation that Morocco would give the satisfaction demanded. Spain immediately demanded guaran tees from Morocco that the peace would not in future again be disturbed ; an immediate answer is expected from Morocco. PARIS, TUESDAY MORNING. The Moniteur of this day announces that the Treaty of Peace between France and Austria was signed yesterday at Zurich by the Plenipotentiaries of Austria and France. The Pays gives the important intelligence that the Spanish Government has consented to extend for a very short period, and for the last time, the time for compliance by the Emperor of Morocco with its ultimatum, which time expired at mid night on Saturday. Coupling this news with the statement in a Madrid telegram of Saturday, that a peaceable solution was expected, it is permissible to hope that the intervention of England with the object of preventing the war may be successful. RUSSIA. The Journal de St. Petersbourg announces the arrival on the Bth inst. of Schamyl at St. Peters burg. It says : Schamyl arrived here this morning, by railway, from Moscow. The celebrated Imaum of the Cau casus is accompanied by his son and four Murides. He alighted at the Znamensky Hotel, facing the station. The time of the arrival of Schamyl not being known in the capital, there were but few persons assembled to see him. A few hours after his arrival he drove out in an open carriage, and paid visits to the principal military authorities. He then drove along the principal quays and squares. Schamyl will remain a few days at St. Petersburg. It is said he will then join his wife at Kalov ga. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY. BOURSE, Oct. 17.—A report of the receipt of . a telegram announcing the documents relative to the peace of Zurich had been signed this morning at half-past ten by the Plenipotentiaries of France, Austria, and Sardinia has had a favourable effect on the market. Threes, after having been done at G9f. 75c., improved to 70f. Mobilier varied from 795 f. to 805 f. ; Austrian, 550 f. to 551 f. 25e. ; Lombard, 555 f. to 557 f. 50c; ; Orleans, 1,370 f. to 1,375 f. ; Lyons, 910 f. to 915 f. The following were the last quotations :- 41 per Cents. .... 95 251CredR Fonder Do. end month .. — — l Belgian 41, 3 per Cents, 69 85 I Piedmonteso ( 5 ) .. 8: 75 Do. end month 6O 80 Roman Bank Shares 2825 Austrian 81 Credit Mobilier Do. Account ItAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern 940 .. 940 New ditto 825 .. 825 Lyons and Mediterranean 915 .. 911 25 0 2neva 5lO .. 540 Southern Western 570 .. 570 Eastern - .. 677 50 S Sardinian .... Austrian Lombard Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 121 e. ; money, 25f lle. ; three months, paper, 24f. 971 e.; money, 241. 95e. SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the 13th have arrived. Marshal O'Donnell was shortly expected to leave that city to take the command of the army destined to act against Morocco, and the officers who are to accompany him had received orders to hold them selves in readiness to set out at a moment's notice. The Government had sent directions to Ceuta to have preparations made for securing 500,000 rations of wine and 200,000 of brandy. The Chamber of Deputies had commenced the discussion of the bill for sanctioning the convention with Rome relative to the sale of ecclesiastical property. An amend ment, proposing to reject the enactment in the con vention that the Church may repurchase real pro perty, were rejected by 115 votes to 13. The gar rison of Madrid, after the departure of the troops forming part of the projected expedition to Mo rocco, will be 10,000 strong. TIIE OUTWARD MAILS.—„SOUTHAMPTON, Mon day.—The steamship Sultan, Captain Vincent, left this day with the usual Peninsular mails, for Oporto, Vigo, and Lisbon, 29 passengers, and a full cargo. The steamship Shannon, Captain AblyAt, left this day with the usual West India and Pacific mails, specie, value £1,521; jewellery, value £3,000 ; and 215 passengers, amonfr, whom were Cap tains Darling, Dunlop, and Wyott ; Ensigns Mitchell and Miller ; Mrs. Seacole, and seven sisters of charity. By the Esk we ( Straits Times) learn that the retributive expedition had returned to Sarawak, after in flicting. severe punishment on the Kanowit people, for the treacherous murder of Messrs. Fox and Steele. The prin cipals had been executed, with 14 other Fostmen ; about 200 Dyaks were also killked, who had taken up a position above Kanowit, THE WEST INDIA MAILS. The Royal Mail Company's s t eams hi p P arana, Captain T. A. Bevis, arrived at Southampton yes terday, a 3 p in., with mails in charge of Lieu tenant Pain, R.N., Admiralty agent, of the sub joined dates : Belize (Honduras), Sept. 18' San Juan (Porto Santa Martha — 22' Rico) • Sept. :30 Greytawn(Mosquito) 17 Carriacou Carthagena — 26 St. Vincent — 26 Kingston (Jamaica) 26 St. Lucia Jacmel (flayti) .... 27 • Martinique — 28 Georgetown (Dome- I Guadaloupe rara) — 25 , Dominique Tobago Port of Spain (Tri- i Montserrat nidad) .... Bridgetown (Barba- St. Kitt's — 29 does) Grenada The Parana experienced fine weather and smooth sea up to the Bth inst. On the 9th and 10th she had strong breezes from the N.N.W., and on the 11th a strong breeze from the south-wesl. At 9 30 p.m. there was a sudden shift of wind to N.N.E., accompanied by furious squalls, and from that hour until daylight of the 12th a fearful gale, amounting to a hurricane, raged, doing much damage and car rying away her lifeboats. Since that period strong south-easterly winds have prevailed. This packet brought 6:5 passengers, including eight distressed British seamen and Capt. Hodson, RA., and the Hon. C. Wellesley, from Jamaica. On freight she had 477,567 dols. from the Pacific ports, 2,983 dols. from Carthagena, 1,032 from Jamaica, and 11,588 dols. from other parts of the 'West Indies--total, 493,170 dols. (of which 189,063 dols. are in silver, and 304,107 dols. in gold), or say £98,634 sterling '; also jewellery, precious stones, &c., value 1,650 dols., and a cargo consisting of 420 serons of cochineal, six serons of indigo, 25 bales of sarsaparilla, 40 casks of ginger, 50 cases of limes, and sundries. Her Majesty's ship Imaum was at Jamaica, the Racer at Carthageua, and the Valorous at Grey town. The Royal Mail Company's steamship La Plata, Capt. C. G. Weller, with the outward mail of the 17th ult., arrived off Virgin Garda at 2 p.m. on the Ist of October, all well. Advices from Jamaica are to the 26th ult., but they contain no political news of importance. Ex changes on London—Colonial and Jamaica Banks, 90 days, per cent. prem. ;60 days, 1 ditto ;30 days, 1 ditto ; Commissariat, 1 per cent. ; mer - chants' bills, 90 days, par. At Demerafa there had been three sittings at the Court of Policy during the fortnight. Oa the 10th ult. his Excellency informed the Court that a despatch had been received from the Duke of Newcastle, to the effect that Mr. Austin had been directed to make arrangements for sending the 2,200 Chinese immigrants which had been applied for by the colony, but that, although it was fair that the general revenue should bear a portion of the expense, the planter ought to pay two-thirds of it. The original calculation was that the planters would have to pay only 70 dols. per head, but the cost had been subsequently estimated at about M dols., anti, as his Excellency stated, the question was whether the planters would be still willing to take the number applied for at the in creased rate. His Excellency further remarked that circulars would be sent round to the appli cants to ascertain whether they would abide by their original proposal. The weather continued favourable, and several estates had commenced, manufacturing sugar. Trade was rather dull. From Barbadoes we learn that the barque Laure, in charge of Lieutenant Pitman, R.N., ar rived there on the 16th ult., from the south coast of Africa, bound to Vera Cruz, being a prize to her Majesty's ship Archer. Sae was fitted with a slave deck, and had on board about 200 casks of water and every necessary for the reception of a cargo of slaves ; she was taken under Mexican colours. The island of Antigua was healthy, and abund ant rain had fallen, but the heat was intense. The papers from the French West India islands are still filled with details giving further particulars of the late inauguration fetes. There had arrived 328 Chinese immigrants for Guadaloupe, but the whole were transferred to Martinique, the planters of the former island not being willing to take them. Business continued dull, and money extremely scarce in the French Islands. The weather continued very warm at St. Thomas's, and several cases of fever were reported among the shipping and Chinese on shore. From Chili we learn that events have recently taken place which show that the revolutionary spirit is not yet quenched in the republic. A revolt has been discovered in the Constitution. An in surrection of prisonzrs in one of the southern pro vinces has taken place ; an attempt was made to seize the waggons of the Copiapo Railroad at Pabellon. In view of this unsettled state of affairs the President has asked Congress for an extension to the Ist of November, 1860, of the extraordinary powers he at present holds, and after some discus sion this has been granted. All the Peruvian blockading squadron was in front of Guayaquil, except the Guisse. A number f merchant vessels had arrived. Signor Mal donado had been elected Governor of the city. Congress had been convoked for the 15th of Soli- tember. The Gaccta del Sur, of Lambeyque, announces the important fact that near the port of Pacta rich coal mines had been discovered, and the coal pro mised to be of good quality and abundant in quantity. OUR NAVAL SUPREMACY IN THE SIX TEENTII CENTURY. A little squadron of three ships is entering the port of St. Juan d'Ulloa, the " port which scrveth the city of Mexico." Only one of these ships, the Jesus, sent by the Queen, and commanded by Hawkins, was of any force ; her tonnage was about 700; the Judith, a little vessel of 50 tons, was under the command of Drake. There was at that time formal peace between England and Spain, and covenants were in force under old treaties for water and victuals for the ships of either nation in each other's ports. But choleric John Hawkins, having been refused food, water, and licence of traffic at Rio da Hacha, had straightway stormed the town, with loss of two men only, and helped himself at will. "Faith of treaties, my Spanish friend, or -." The Spaniards soon learnt how to fill up the blank, the sacred law of dip lomacy being then happily or unhappily, unknown in those distant seas. Well, our three brave ships, in sore need, stand into the port of St. Juan d'Ulloa. Twelve Spanish ships lie in the harbour ; the authorities mistake the Englishmen for an expected fleet from Spain, and come on board for despatches. Picture their dismay when they found John Hawkins, John Hampton, of the Minion, and Francis Drake, to meet them. They gave them selves up for lost. However the British, who ever played an open and manly game, reassure them, demand supplies, and on assurance given let the commanders go. The next day came in sight th e thirteen great ships of Spain. Hawkins shall tell the rest. "On the morrow," said Hawkins, "we saw open of the haven thirteen great ships, and understanding them to be the fleet of Spain, 1 sent immediately to adve r ti se th e general of the fleet of my being there, giving him to understand that, before I would suffer thorn to enter the port there should be some order of conditions pass between us for our safe being there, and maintenance of peace." There is something quite amazing in the hardihood of the British. Three ships, one only being of any force, with twelve hostile ships behind them, ruffle up to the mouth of the harbour, and blowing their matches, shout to thirteen great ships stand ing into their own ports. " Sheer off till we come to terms, or we fire." Amazing, truly ! bat still more amazing, the thirteen ships did it. They recognised their masters, and made condi tions of entry into their own ports. Still Hawkins, though he carried so bold a front to the Spaniards, felt himself in a most dangerous position, and partly anticipated what subsequently occurred. Hawkins stipulated for liberty to trade, food at a fair price, the temporary possession of a fortified island, and the exchange of six hostages as guaran tee of good faith. After some demur, the viceroy (who was on board the fleet) agreed to the condi tions, though he considerably " mis-liked. them." The master of 25 ships signed and sealed the condi tions, and was allowed to enter his harbour; the splendid daring of the English having kept him outside for three days.--The _Eclectic for October. Tho Austrian Gazette says :—" The Archduke Albert, Governor-General of Hungary, has arrived at Vienna, and on the 16th, accompanied by several aides-de camp and a numerous acute, ua to set out for Warsaw,' TILE DEFENCE OF TILE CHANNEL. The following letter has been addre!sed by Sir M. F. P. Berkeley, K.C.8., to Sir Francis T. Baring, Bart., on the Naval Reserve Bill and Defence of the Channel : " My dear Sir Francis—Accept my best thanks for the copy of your speech on the Naval Reserve Bill. lam aware that it is not published for sale, but for those friends whom you deem to take an interest in this vital question, and who, like myself, have turned their attention to it. "I regret I cannot take the same favourable view of the Bill as yourself. I have a very strong and de cided opinion on the subject of a reserve, and more particularly a reserve calculated for Channel de fence, and the defence of our coasts generally. I look upon that defence as paramount to all; but when I hear and read the heap of fallacies occa sionally broached by some naval officers both as to the defence of the Channel and the manning of the navy, I am afraid I may only be adding to that heap by giving my ideas publicity. Were I still in pub lic life, duty would, however, impose upon me the task of endeavouring to refute the fallacies referred to, involving, as it does, the problem of how the Royal navy could be manned on a sudden emer gency, and how to obtain thousands of skilled artisans almost at an hour's warning, confessedly questions of the greatest difficulty. Impressment is out of the question. The very fact of permitting our merchant ships to be manned by other than native-born seamen, or at least the greater portion of them native-born, annihilates impressment, and I don't wish to revive it. The interests of the mer cantile marine on this subject clash with the in terests of the Royal navy. Much might be effected by a Merchant Seamen's Fund, under the control of Government,. and liberally supported by pecu niary means, and, after all, money must be the foundation of yo u r reserve . B u t th e mercan tile_ interest in the H ouse o f C ommons was t oo powe rful to allow such an undertaking. I have a much more favourable opinion than you seem to entertain of the continuous service system, not for the great, increase it would give, but as re t a i n i n g the most valuable men, the schoolmasters (if I may so call them) to a new ship's company. At the close of the Russian war, when instant Par . ing-off was determined upon, we had more petty officers under that system than we had va .. cancies for, to a very large amount. The effects numerically of the continuous service system could not well be ascertained until it had been in opera- . tion ten years ; a retrograde m ov em ent at half that term was made, for the purpose of getting rid 0 .1 the income-tax, by allow'ng those who had entered for it their free discharge, after having re ceived the extra pay and allowances during the five th e yearsbil introducedl Nei last continuous cession service system give you nor the will required number of seam e n at short notice. The first would b e a gra d ua l an d ever increasing re' serve, not felt for years, except, as I have before stated, in securi ng th e serv i ces o f t h e mos t valuable, men ; and much d e p en d s on t h e managemen t et minor details by the individual at the Board to whom this department i s more par ti cu l ar ly in' trusted, and the fact that you have stated as to the numbers of able or ordinary seamen retained by 0 0 system is very easily accounted for. " In quiet times, when no panic existed to fright the isle from her propriety,' the duty of manning his ship was left entirely to the officer in command' Ordinary seamen were re j ec t e d so l ong as then were able seamen in the market, and many fi young men we re consequent l y l ost to t h e ser vice . , The continuo us serv i ce system o b v i a t e d this 011.! which I assure y ou ex i s t e d t o a grea t er ex t en t thol; could be imagined. The ordinary seamen accepted it to insure employment in the Royal navy, which was too often refused. The bill of last year is open to the same objection ; it does not provide whatl . y require immediately, neither do I think it ever will' On the contrary, I believe it would fail in time o f need. "CHANNEL FLEETS AND CHANNEL DEFENCES. " Cherb ourg appears to b e t h e great b ug b ear of i_ the day; for England it is the best port in which _ the Fr enc h fleet mild rendezvous. In whatever_ port Fr ance (b e i ng our enemy) has a fleet there's". must have on e i n a tt en d ance; t h e f urt h er f rom or shores the worse for us. Cherbourg can easily' most easily—be watched from Spithead, or better still from Portland. Coals are one of the greatest essentials in future mar iti me war f are ; we cantle, : afford to ex p en d th em i n b lockading. The flee.; with the most coa l wou ld b e most effective. Adult" that the opposin g Ch anne l fleets meet, under pre' sent sent circumstances, it i s p ro b a bl e t h at both woo": be nearly annihilated. But for a moment let 171 . imagine th a t our fl eet had sustained the grea ter loss. Are we to depend upon the chances of a slur_ battle for the sa f e t y o f our h omes ? W e ought to have a Cha nne l f orce —l w ill no t ca ll it a fl e et..... quite independent of the Channel or any other fleet' This force should ev er b e a t h an d ; it should be marked marked for and appr o p r i a t e d f or Channel serve!: and Channel servic e on ly. N o t emptat i on, no clr cumstance, should i n d uce us t o di vert i t from i ts la , r tended purpose—n ame l y , t o g i ve secur i ty to Of shores, and to re li eve th e country from those fit s 0 occasional pani c or neg li gent security which h a ve already entailed u p on us such enormous expenses' The destruction of th e oppos i ng fleets would be 11l hindrance to the attempt at . invasion. Even adnal that part of that of the enemy survived the shce lc i while the - whole of ours had been destroyed , should have reliance on my proposed Channe l force successfully to prevent invasion. One gre,t, feature which has changed the whole system of de' fence on our part, and which seems to me to hav e been . entirely overlooked by the various speake rs and writers on the subject, is thefact that the smali e ." gunboat is armed with weapons equally mischie; vous and. destr uc ti ve as th at on b oard the larg e r ship in the se rv i ce . Th e Cockchafer carries a gil o f equal c a l i b re, equal range, and throwing Pr n, j ectile equally destructive as any gun carried .1 the Duke of Wellington. In former times the Sit of the vessel determined the size of the as eoP e l and consequent. length of range. The 32-pound er of the ship of the line could cut the frigate L, ribands before the 18 -pounder of the latter could w r of any . avail. In the same way the 18-pounder o .` the frigate overwhelmed the 12 or 9-pounder of till; sloop, and, again, the sloop disposed of her nie l it pigmy opponents. small vessels had but sma ll chance of disabling their more powerful pursuetli Many shot might be fired with good aim, but took ma ny t o d i sable or even to cripple the giants" In the present d ay , one pro j ect il e from t".., pigmy striking ma s t, y ar d , or b owspr i t of the po suing giant, down it must come—indeed, it nag' be lod ge d i n a more vital point, and the O, r a sequences b e more serious than even the loss o un spar, a n d i t must be remembered how large the .' target to be ai me d a t on t h e one hand, and W small the t arge t on t h e other. Let us have .7 swarm of these pi gm i es and Cockchafers—they would be the force of all others to prevent 111 ' vasion under all and every circumstanc e ' Brand them for Channel service, and that alone' Keep them rigged as fitting for Channel servieci r and not f or l ong voyages, when square sails an d more canvas may b e necessary. I believe „ would suc cee d i n manning them, although you o". not succeed in d o i ng so i n l arge ships liable to g o . foreign, if yo u w ill on l y i mpress upon our s eal' faring home population that there is no intention t° ask them to serve till their homes are threatenl and to serve only in d e f ence o f the i r homes. admit I was the originator of the Coast Volunteer s ' but I am not t o bl ame f or i ts failure or rather par tial failure. Th e ru l es that I would have ci te ' . blished, the details necessary to carry it out as P re .; posed by m y se lf , h ave all been altered, and, in many instances, set aside. Th e ev id ence ta k en b e f ore th° late commission on ma nn i ng b ears me out i n tills assertion, and I cou ld h ave proved it, had it b e en thought right t o exam i ne me. From the mowe r' I went to the Board of Admiralty, I have strent l , ously ad vocated the necessity of an available ref serve to a large extent. To meet the objections e t all, to combat the prejudices of others, the subjec t must . be well studied. Carrying out details an d making regulations are not the least difficult par'', The constant change of boards—above all, the fie' quent change of the individual at the head of the board —renders it almost a hopeless task- 4 0 requires perseverance in ono system in detail f l O well as a whole. No scheme can prosper that 1 _ so constantly altered, and, above all, any school! on the subject of manning the navy, as well es establishin g a reserve, must b e steadily pin in, and th e ono end kept constantly in vievil i 'There a re t wo d i st i nct requirements—how to ll" sure the services of a large body of able searnen at the shortest possible notice for your flee! s and cruisers, necessary all over the world' and h ew , at the same t i me, and at equally shoed notice, to lying together a strong force of seafaring men, sufficient to defend the Channel and r epel 1 11 ; vasion. The latter is the more easily accomplished of the t wo. Both are absolutely necessary to ou t existence existence as a grea t na ti on , an d w h en tl e s op I . shall h e un d ertaken in real earnest I have no /cal but both may be accomplished, although the met' sures recently a d op t e d , w i t h respect to b ounty h a ve increased tho diffi cu lt y , an d cannot b ut be preju dicial to the formation of any permanent reserVet most assuredly rendering it more expensive. " Yours sincerely, M. F. F. BERKELEY. "Berkeley Castle, Oct. 6." The telegrams received yesterd iy from St. Pett 1 4 ' burg state the quantity of tallow shipped off at 71,297 cask* against' 78,695 at the same date last year. There We re 22,130 casks stored up, and about 18,000 of all sorts 1 to be disposed of, THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY