The Sun. — London, England, 1829-07-16 00:00:00

America, though it may be questioned whether, without the dread of the Indians and the French, it would have long been able to withstand the temptation the colonists would have felt to scatter themselves over the face of the country. The great cause of the backward state of Canada, compared with the States of the Union, is the abusive mode in which waste land has been granted to the Church, and to favour ites. If Government had offered a large pre mium for the discovery of the most effectual plan for making the people of Canada savages, they could not have obtained any scheme better adapt ed to that end than that which has been hit on. The Colonies have been forced to keep at a dis tance from each other, and deprived of all motive for exertion beyond what is necessary for raising food for their own subsistence, the surplus being of no use to them, as the want of communication prevents its being disposed of. The rapidity with which Rapp and his followers acquired wealth in America affords a decisive proof of the advantage of colonising on a plan which enables a number of men to benefit by the labour of each other. Had the Government of this coun try been able in the outset to compel a mode of settlement somewhat analogous to that of Rapp, the extent of country actually colonized might have been at this clay insignificant, compared with the whole territory of the United States, but the population would have been more powerful and civilized. We have been led to these re flections by a pamphlet under the title of " A Sketch of a Proposal for Colonizing Austra lasia," which we have just received. The object of the writer is to compel settlement on a prin ciple which shall keep the population together, and at the same time supply the means of con veyance of the poor at home to the colony. He sets out with an examination of some observa tions of Adam Smith, on the causes of the prosperity of new colonies. In the passage of Smith which he quotes, and of which, " the object," he says, " is to account for the very rapid acquisition of wealth by emigrants from the States of Greece, five main causes are stated—knowledge of agri culture and other useful arts; freedom from taxes ; independence from the beginning ; cheapness of land ; dearness of labour. The statement, when examined, will appear very objectionable, both in fact and in reasoning. The emigrants from Greece did not obtain immense tracts of waste land, over which they and their children might spread at will. There is not, I believe, an in stance of their having advanced far into the in terior of any country. Wherever they landed, they had to displace warlike tribes, who, aban doning the sea-coast after a struggle, continued to watch the intruders, and to confine them within very narrow limits. The first occupation of a Greek Colony seems to have been to erect a for tress into which the whole body of Colonists might retire in case of need. Some of these etwng places became in a very short time splen- F hd cities ; but the quantity of land required to maintain the inhabitants of one great city formed in most eases the whole territery of a Greek Co lolly, from the beginning to the end of its career. Abundant, and consequent cheapness of land, therefore, was not a cause of the rapid prosperity of the Greek Colonies. In the next place, high wfages—dearness of labour—assuredly had no t ss,r; in their rapid advancement. For, besides that Isigh wages could have arisen only in the manner so well described by Dr. Smith, from su perabundance of land, the colonists carried with them, and obtained after their settlement, num bers of slaves, who were their principal culti vators and artizans. Lastly, it may be denied that the complete independence of a colony from the beginning is by any means advantageous ;- 4 1r, however ill dependent colonies have been gover,7 ed after they had arrived at some import ance, they !lave generally received nothing in their first beginnings but protection and assist ance from the parent Statt , s, under whose domi nion they remained. May not other causes be assigned ? I imagine four. First, the constitution of the emigrating body. The leaders of bodies of emi g rants from Greece were men of the highest distinction, whose fame, ability, and wealth, enabled them to collect and transport a great number of fol lowers, drawn from all ranks in the old State. Then a body of Colonists formed, not a new Society, in the common accept ance of the term, but an old Society, that had changed its abode. Secondly, the new abode was not an immense waste, without inhabitants, over which the Colonists might spread them selves, remaining for ages a scattered people, without that concentration in any thing, which in every thing is the essence of power. Thirdly, the narrow limits of territory, together with the institution of slavery, rendered labour cheap in stead of dear. Hence the profits of stock, to use a modern term, were large; wealth rapidly ac cumulated ; and it was easy for the new Society La erect fine buildings—to create very rapidly a c i ty their parent city. Fourthly, as the portion ti:yoduce which falls to the Landowner, in modern lang,:age rent, is small or great, ff. ac cording as people are 'w or many in proportion to territory, and as the leatL rs of the new SO, ciety were the owners of a limited„ i frritory , they possessed either at once, or very soon, the ;'epee and the consequent leisure wherewith to cultivate all the arts of refinement, philosophy, poetry, and eloquence.'" The writer proposes " that all land now granted, and to be granted through out the Australian settlements, be declared liable to a tax of 10 per cent. upon the actual rent. Secondly, that a payment in money of 2/. per acre be required for all future grants, without exce9tioits Thirdly, that the proceeds of the, tax upon ren: and of sales form an Emigration Fund, to be emilloyed in the conveyance of British labourers to iSs Colony free of cost. Fourthly, that those to wham the administra tion of the fund shall be entrusted, be em powered to raise money thereof e ; as money raised on parish and county rates in England,"See. By raising the terms of the grant, employing the produce in the removal of labourers from country, and enabling capitalists in England to purchase on the terms he specifies, we conceive that Australasia might be made a source of great advantage to the mother country. " Emigration (says the writer) would be carried on by private speculation, not to the loss, but to the advantage of those who should defray its expellee. A part of that expellee would be defrayed beforehand by the produce of rent-tax and sales ; or, if that produce were anticipated, there would be ample security for repayment to those who should make the advance. The emigrant labourer would not change his con diti on , except by having plenty instead of mise r y ; an d h e would not be called upon to exert qualities foreign to his habits and character. In short, as respects labourers, both those who shall emigrate and those who shall remain at home, the operation of the proposed measure would be the same as if by miracle a quantity of fertile land could be added every year to the territory of Britain, in due proportion to the increase of people. In that supposed case the labourer who should remove to the new land would obtain good wages ; and his removal would raise the wages of labour on the old land. As the people increased wages would fall, but if more land were added the same operation will be re peated." By raising the terms on which land can be obtained, and employing the proceeds in . the conveyance of labourers, a more careful culti vaticn would be rendered indispensible, while cheap labour would render it practicable. On the other hand, the produce of Australasia can at once find a market in England to any extent. Nothing deters men from laying out money in such Colonies as New South Wales, but the impossibility of obtaining labour sufficiently low to make it profitable where grants of land can be easily obtained. The raising the terms of the grant would therefore be of inestimable bene fit in producing a more beneficial occupation. We think the scheme of the writer deserving of the utmost attention. It resembles the scheme for planting Ireland, submitted by Lord Bacon to his Sovereign.—Morning Chronicle. We gave the other day an account of a Meet ing for Radical Reform. Mr. Hunt, Mr. Cob bett, and Mr. Wells, were the speakers on the occasion. There was no speaker who ventured to speak in opposition. We are sorry for this ; for the life and soul of all Meetings is, that there should be speakers on both sides of the ques tion. Now, as Barristers, take them generally, are enemies to what is called Radical Reform, and as they are excellent talkers on either side of a question, we would recommend some one possessed of a good tongue, and a good share of confidence, to appear at the next Meeting, and ' make a long speech in opposition to Radical Reform. It might be to the interest of some newly-made Barrister, who, if he pleased the Ministry, might stand a chance of a Judge ship, or some other good thing, in one of our colonies. That Radical Reform is wanted in Parliament, so far as Representation is concerned, there cannot be the least doubt.— It is a farce to say that Parliament, for a great length of time, has been the Repre sentation of England. The greater part of the Members get in by bribery of some description; and, when in, the greater part are under the in fluence of the Ministry—because the greater part are gaping for pension, place, and power, both for themselves as well as for their relations and friends. As it respects reform, however, we think that it ought to begin with lessening the number of Members. In the Commons House there are about 650 Members : they ought to be cut down, at least, one-half; for, as a general rule, the more men there are to direct the busi ness of any concern, the worse the business of the concern is directed. Again, the more Mem bers there arc the more Bills, the more laws, the more law books, the more litigation. What is it but the large number of Members that has given us such heaps of acts of Parliament, that even the Judges are puzzled to know what the law is ? Besides, the greater the number of Mem bers, the greater is the number of suckers of the State. Very few men get into Parliament but with a view, as Mr. Cobhett says in his Register, to " share the taxes." It is a question whether our Parliament has not been a bane instead of a blessing to the country. It has brought on us a debt of 800,000,0001., the latter causes ex cessive taxation. Indeed taxation and debt are carried to such a height, that we dare not resent the insults of other nations. We are in the same situation as a spendthrift is with respect to his butcher, baker, &c., to whom he is indebted. They may thunder at his door, and write to him the most insolent letters, or speak to him in pub lic in time most impudent manner, and yet he dares not retaliate, but is obliged to be civil, for fear of the consequences. The most arbitrary despot that ever existed could not have heaped a debt on this country to the same extent that our Parliaments have. If some Reform does not take place—if the present number of Representa tives remain—if makers of Acts of Parliament proceed as they have been proceeding for the last 100 years in the heaping of Act on Act, and if the Representatives continue to be such greedy feeders on the taxes—we shall, by and bye, ex perience an alteration inevitably, for the tax eaters and Act-makers will bring the thing to be beyond all endurance. The people will be come sick of both Houses as well as of debt and taxation : and the first high-spirited King, of a military turn, that appears they will throw then,- selves into the arms of, and England will become an absolute monarchy, especially if such King should promise the people before he should be come an absolute Monarch to get rid of debt, taxes, tax eaters, and the heaps of laws. We would recommend Messrs. Hunt, Conett, Wells, and others, when they bring forward their plan of Radical Reform, to state the ground work, especially as to the number of Represen tatives they would have ; the number for each town, or county, or city ; for instance, the city of London—which only contains 50,000 people —whether four to represent it or whether one. For Reform to be of any use, there ought to be a review of the matter altogether. Many places are now represented by two or more Members, that are the ruins of bricks and mortar and wood gain into green fields.--Morn. iturm;Z:f l a ENSUING OLD BAILEY SESSIONS. We are happy to announce that the present calendar contains a smaller number of prisoners than we have wit nessed for several years past, at a corresponding session. It is nevertheless stained with tine offence of murder, and there are 35 other charges which affect the lives of the ac en;e(i parties. The surgmaty punishment which has of late kern inflicted upon servants who e mbslele the property of their employers appears to have a good effect, as thp re, currence of the offence has been reduced after the ratio of from eight to one. Example 1144 not, we are sorry tp say, produced the like effect in regard to street robbers, 24 per sons baying been committed for stealing from the person during the very short interval since the last sessions. • si,•44lty STATEMENT, DESCRIPTIVE OF THE VARIOUS OFFENCES WITH WHICk: THE PRNONHES SEvERALLY STAND CH•RGED. Murder ...- ........... „ 7 „,_ .. 3lStealing in dwelling.houses S Burglary 7 ~ Sheep-stealing, Forgery ltape 111,14,34,14pm og v erkion ... 2 4 4.1 ?n. I I Receiving stolen f 0105,. , : ,: :, t Higtossy robbery Houser.444lng lOl Total 163 Of the above Ltipber, 31 are charged with crimes committed in the City, and 13 . 2 Ins tl;e County. STATE OF lIIS MAJE&si'S GAOL OF NEIVGATE, MADE. UP TO YESTEHOAV , Prisoners t 0.0.: sentence of death Prisoners under seaence of transportation forin. ' :0 14 years ... .. .... .J..7_ y Fars ;mprisoned for felony a nd misdemeanours for certain periods 4 Wlicse judgments are respited lO Acquitted no the yround of insanity; and reoosir. Acquitted and detainett ' .•,• '2 Committed under the Batik.rppt Laws For trial at the ensuin,,,,, Sessions • - 9 R e manded from Last Session For trial at Clerkenwell Sessions -zoo l ___ Admiralty Sessions - Mu1e5...,..,,:,•• 2371 Females 99 ITotal • An unfortunate ypiing woman named IlYs- LOP, was found dead I , y her !: - ,.cdlady on Saturday morn ing. She had been put to bed the nig.4t pefore in a state of intoxicati.n, and she was found lying on ;it. , : face; it is supposed she must have rolled over, and died Qf tut:Yoga: - 6n:4—Caledonian Mercury. INVERNESS-SIIIRE COUNTY MEETING. (From the Inverness Courier.) A General Meeting of the Heritors of this County was held here yesterday (Tuesday), pursuant to*d vertisement, and was well attended. On the motion of Convener TYTLER, the Mght Hon. CHARLES GRANT, was unanimously elected Preses. The CONVENER then stated that the ordinary business of the Meeting contained several very im portant subjects for consideration; first, the Report of eh e Committee on the Communication Road Bill; second, a communication from Sir Geo. Mackenzie on transmitting the Mail by the Highland Road; third, a charge made by Mr. Mackintosh, of Raig more, against the Clerk of Supply; fourth, a letter from the Highland Society regarding the Cattle Show at Inverness; filth, a communication he had to make on the Management of the Highland Roads sixth, the Ross-shire Committee Road Repair; and seventh, a Petition from Dumbarton on the Excise Laws. _ . _ (The Meeting discussed the several topics, but we select the following as being of most gene►al in terest) : TRANSMISSION OF MAIL BY THE HIGHLAND ROAD, The CONVENER produced a letter from Sir. G. S. Mackenzie of Cott!, on the expediency of trans mitting the Mail by the Highland Road ; but, be fore considering it, he thought it would be better that the Clerk should read the resolutions formerly adopted on this subject by the county. The Clerk accordingly read a series of resolutions passed 1827, in which a committee of the County and Town Council recommended an acceleration of the Nor thern Mails, by establishing a Mail-coach to !run from Perth to Inverness by the Highland Road; by which 12 hours and 40 minutes would be saved;and in the opinion of the Committee there would be no more risk of detention fram snow than on the coast road. The following letter was then read: — Caul, June 4, 1829. MY DEAR SlR,—When lately in Edinburgh, I submitted to Mr. Godhy, the Secretary of the Post office, a plan for forwarding the mail by the North road. I formerly had several objections of my own to bringing the Mail in this way, but the great 'im provement of the road, and one part of the plan, ob viate them all ; and I am glad to add that Mr. Godby at once said it was the best that had yet been submitted. It is also before Sir F. Freeling. Mr. Godhy wished me to inquire into the terms on which the Contractors (whom I proposed to be the Proprietors of the Caledonian Coach) would carry the Mail, and also whether any assurance could be got that no other coach should run along the High- Lind Road. I have found that the Proprietors are ready to carry the Mail on very low terms, and that they are of opinion the Mail Coach running every day throughout the year, is sufficient for the accom modation of the public. Those I spoke to are, therefore, ready to substitute the Mail Coach for the Caledonian. Thus, it appears, no difficulty is now in the way, and that it is only necessary for the northern Counties to memorialize the Post-office on the subject. I hope, therefore, you will see fit to submit the matter to your County, and I propose, without delay, to address Ross and the other Coun ties. The plan which I submitted is as follows, and I will note down all the details, that it may be exactly understood : To Aberdeen, by Perth and Dundee, 131 miles Thence to Inverness, by Banff, 12 0 14 Post Road to Inverness by Edinburgh 2511 To Inverness, by Perth and Dunkeld 157 i Difference 9.1 Now, my object was to find a paint eastward of Inverness, distant as near as possible half the above difference. I find Fochabers distant from hiverhess 491, which is sufficiently near to the mark. Mr. Davidson, of the George Inn, Perth, who is extensively concerned both in the Caledonian and Mail Coaches, assured me that the distance by the Highland Road could be run at the rate of eight miles an hour, including stoppages. First, then, observe that the time to Inverness from Edinburgh, by Dunkeld, is somewhat less than twenty hours,—we may take that number. The time to Inverness, by Aberdeen, at the same rate, is about 31 f hours, and the difference to Inverness 11 I hours. Now, I propose to carry the Mail for all the towns between Inverness and Fochabers, inclusive, by the Highland Road as well as the North Mail ; and thus the saving of 11 bouts will be divided amongst them, and they will have their letters earlier than at present. Hence, the counties of Nairn and Moray are interested in having a Mail Coach on the High land Road. Now, the despatch of the North Mail from Edin burgh being six o'clock P.M., at eight miles an hour, it should arrive at Inverness at half-past one—but it arrives at three in the morning of the third day. By Dunkeld it would arrive at two P.m. the follow ing day. At present the arrival of the South Mail at Inver ness, is at three A.M. and its despatch at ten P.M. or nineteen hours interval. By the new plan, if the South Mail, will be des patched after the return from Fochabers; going to and returning from which place will occupy at the same rate l2f hours. Hence, the difference of time between that and the present interval or 6f hours, is to spare for any local arrangement that may occur as necessary. But it cannot all be required, and therefore something will be saved in the course of post. The North Mail will of course go immediately forward after the arrival of the South Mail; and it should be so regulated on its return from Thurso, as to arrive at Inverness about an hour or two before the South despatch by Dunkeld ; but only to give time to separate the east coast bags from the North. To arrive as at present at six in the morning at Edinburgh—the North Mail from Inverness to Edin burgh will be despatched at ten A.M.-If the Thurso Mail arrives at nine, the letters for the east coast must lie till two P.M. This time, however, may per haps be shortened. At all events, the conveyance to Edinburgh is the preferable one. If the arrival of the North Mail in Edinburgh were altered, the arrival of the Thurso Mail at Inverness, the South Mail, might be brought nearer. We must however, leave this in the 'Post Office department, and not start any difficulties. Our object is to effect the earlier arrival of the Mail from Edinburgh. One thing more I have to state, that the con tractors will engage to forward the Mail on horse h,ick, when that may be necessary during the winter; and that it will he an easy matter when the East road is blocked up, to forward the bags to the coast of the Moray Firth by the Highland Road ; and when the latter is stopt, the North bags can go round as at present; so that there is very little risk of such detentions as are in my recollection. Believe me, my dear Sir, very truly your's, (Signed) G. S. MACKENZIE. To W. F. Tytler, E.q. Convener of Inverness-shire. The Convener submitted the following motion on the cubject 2 which being read from the chair, was seconded by Mr, Robertson of Inches, and passed without a dissentient voice This meeting, considering that the transmission of the Mail by the Highland Road, is an object which has long been urged by this county, and Majesty's Treasury April, 1828, that, in particular , a Memorial was t ransmitted o n ht y tl u e bj ,G e c e t o t e p rai the isi Lords oe ti ofof theis3oth resolve that they concur in the propositi on brought before the General Meeting of the county of Ross of 3d July, by Sir George Mackeniie, and that copy of this resol4tion, together with a copy of ;he memo rial to the Treasury, be transmitted by the Convener to the Secretary of the General Post Office, London, with an earnest recommendation that tWs measure be carried into effect. A curious —7— specimen of cutlery has been exhi. bited for the last few days hi the slop of a surgical instru. ;Pent maker, in Dean-street, in Newcastle. It is a musi , ca l k n if e siritb ?00 1) 1 A( 1 01--. Westmoreland Advertiser. THE CREEK INDIANS. (From Hall's Travdd in North America.) On the Ist day of April, 1828, we crossed •' the river Chatahoochie, and entered the country of the Creek Indians. At the Agency, and along the sides of the road, for a considerable distance, we saw crowds of those miserable wretches who had been dislodged from their ancient territory to the eastward of the river, but had not yet taken root in the new lands allotted to them. It is true, they had received a pecuniary compensa tion on the extinction of their titles to the land of their forefathers ; yet they were men of far too improvident habits to have brought their new lands into cultivation ; and consequently, when their stock of money was expended, they were left in a state bordering on 'starvation. In similar circumstances, a party of New Englanders would have cleared away the trees, built themselves houses, and the whole right bank of the river, with every other spot of fertile soil, would have been under the plough in half the time. But to these poor Indians, who had lived chiefly by hunting and whose farming operations were con fined to a garden near their huts, the labour of clearing a new country was quite out of the question ; and great numbers of them actually perished from want. ;The United States agent, however, I was glad to see, was assisting them with provisions 'and clothing, and I have no doubt relieved their distress materially. As we left the Chatandochie behind us, and travelled through the woods to the Westward, we gradually lost sight of that part of the Creek tribe who were wandering about like bees whose hive has been destroyed, and came upon Indians of the same race, who were still allowed to live on the lands which had descended to them from their ancestors. On the evening of the second day, after leav ing Colombus, we reached the house of another of the United States agents, who resides among, the Indians, and is one of the channels of com munication between them and the Government. We could not have arrived at a more fortunate moment, as it was the eve of one of their grand ball-plays ; an exhibition, the agent told us, well worth seeing—from its being a perfectly genuine, unsophisticated display of the • Indians who had resided on the spot from time immemorial. The play itself was to take place next morning, but our considerate host advised me to see the pre paratory ceremonies, and very kindly offered to accompany the to one of their council squares, distant about a league from his house. It appears, that the inhabitants of one Indian village always play against those of another, and as those games are not mere matters of sport, but the chief object of their lives, a great deal of cere mony, and many previous arrangements are necessary. The moon rose when we were about half wav to the scene where the Indians were assembled. The night was bright and frosty, and so perfectly still that we could hear the shrill cries of the savages, and the thumpings of their barbarous music, at the distance of more than a mile. The pine barren, seen by moon-light, had a very striking appearance ; and so had one of the In dian villages through which we passed. It con sisted of about 20 log huts, each of them. guard ed by a brace of dogs, which, in the absence of their masters, assembled in a circle round our horses, and made us glad enough to pass on. "We found the Indians in a square court, about twenty yards across, formed by four covered sheds, in which were seated several of the chiefs, and more than 100 of the other natives. In each of these sheds there was erected a raised shelf or door, about a foot and a half from the ground, sloping towards the court, and covered by a smooth, hard mat, made of split canes, sewed together. On this the principal Indians were seated in state, cross-legged, or stretched, with equal dignity, at their full length. In the middle of the court blazed an immense fire of pitch-pine wood, the light from which, added to that of the moon, which was now well up, made every thing quite distinct. Round the fire sat, or rather squatted, about a dozen elderly Indians—none of them much encumbered with clothing—smoking pipes, which they hand from one to the other, laughing and shouting with great animation, and turning back from time to time to speak to another circle of younger men, who were standing near enough to warm them selves, or even to reach over the heads of the seniors to catch up a piece of burning timber to light their pipes with. On one side of the illuminated square, in the front part of the shed, sat two musicians, one of whom was hammering away with his fingers on a drum, formed of a piece of deer skin stretched over the hollowed trunk of a tree, while the other kept time with a large gourd containing a hand ful! of gravel. In the square itself, and fronting the shed, which contained this primitive orchestra, twenty squaws, or female Indians, were ranked in a semicircle, with their backs to the rest of the company—such being, I suppose the fashionable etiquette Amongst the Creeks. As these ladies never once turned round their faces, I am saved the delicate task of describing their looks. Their ' dance, however, if the very slight movements of their feet and bodies could be so called, was merely a sort of wriggle of the body ; but as the whole party kept excellent time in these move ments, it had a most ludicrous appearance. At every fourth or fifth bar, they all struck in with a short, faint, sharp cry, of a particularly wild, and, I thought, somewhat mournful sound. These damsels wore no head-dress, but allowed their black, oily hair to hang down upon their necks and shoulders, over which was thrown, most decorously, a gaudy cotton shawl—weaved for ought I know in Manchester or Paisley. I was sitting beside the principal chief, and - thinking the scene rather dull, which he perhaps suspected, when he uttered a few w or d s o f com mind. In a moment about thirty young Indians flew to the side of the court, where each of them snatched up a couple of the sticks or bats used in the ball-play afterwards to be described. After marshalling themselves fora minute or two, they rushed forward again like so many demons, till they formed a circle round the fire, yelling, screaming, and shouting all the time, in the most horrible way, tumbling heels over head, perform ing various antics, and waving their sticks as if they had been frantic. I have no idea of any thing being more completely savage, nor shall I soon forget the way in which their shrieks pierced through and through my head. After this exhibition was over, torches were ordered, and I was invited by another of the chiefs to adjourn to a neighbouring building, an im mense hut, of a fiat, sugar-loaf sh a p e , r i s i ng in the 4 cen tre to least thirty wet, and measuring about s ixty, or perhaps eighty, feet across the floor. It had no wall, as the roof, whi c h was thatched, reached to the ground. A circular seat, skirting the inside, ten feet broad, touched the roof all the way round. In the middl e o f th e sandy floor afire was burning, round which were assembled some of the most athletic young men of the village, who had been previously selected by the elders as performers in the next day's sport. These youths were not long in stripping off all their clothes, except a slight rapper round the middle. I could see at once that something re markable was about to take place, but What it was I could not conjecture. Their first opera tion was to tie cords tightly round one another's arms and thighs, so as effectually to check the course of the blood in the veins. As soon as this was done, they splashed themselves over with water from head to foot, and then very de liberately allowed their limbs to be scratched, or rather scarified, by some old Indians, who at tended for that purpose with instruments, the name of which I forget. Some of these were made of common needles stuck in a piece of wood, but those most in fashion were formed out of the teeth of the fish called Gar. I pur cl'iased one of them, which is now in my posses sion ; it consists of two rows, one of fifteen, the other of fourteen sharp teeth, tied firmly, by means of a grass fibre, to the core of the maize, or to what is called in America a corn-cob. Each of the young Indians, who was to be operated upon, placed himself in a sloping posi tion against one of the wooden pillars which sup ported the roof, clasping it with his hands. The experienced performer then drew the instrument I have just described, apparently as hard as he could press it, along the arms and, legs of these resolute fellows, over a space of 'about nine inches in length, so that each of the teeth cut into : the skin, or, at all events, made a very decided mark, or furrow, along the surface. The sharp sound of these scrapings was very disagreeable to the ear. Five separate scratchings were made on each man's leg below the knee, five on each thigh, and five on each arm ; in all, thirty sets of cuts. As the instrument contained abuut thirty teeth, each Indian must in every case haVe had several hundred lines drawn on his skin. The blood 'flowed profusely as long as the bandages were kept tight. This, indeed, seemed to be one of their principal objects, as the Indians endea voured to assist the bleeding by throwing their arms and legs about, holding them over, and sometimes placing them almost in the fire for a second or two. It was altogether a hideous and frightful scene. For my own part, I scarcely knew how to feel when I found myself amongst some dozen of naked savages, streaming with blood from top to toe, skipping and yelling round a fire, or talking at the top of their voices in a language of which I knew nothing, or laughing as merrily as if it were the best fun in the world to be cut to pieces. Not one of these lads tittered the slightest complaint during the operation ; but when I watched their counte nances closely, I observed that only two or three bore the discipline without shrinking or twisting their faces a little. 1 was told that these searifications and bleed- ings render the men more limber and active, and bring them into proper condition to undergo the exertion of the ball-play on the following morn ing. I don't know how this may be with my friends the Creeks ; but I suspect half a dozen of the cuts, of which each of these young fellJws received some hundreds, would have laid me up for a week. LAW INTELLIGENCE. ROLLS' COURT, JULY 15. MUNNINGS V. BURY. This was a bill filed to compel the Hope Insurance Company to deliver up certain title-deeds of an estate in Essex, belonging to the plaintiff. The facts of the case are shortly these :—The plaintiff having engaged with several other individuals in a commercial speculation to the Cape of Good Hope, went out in one of the vessels belonging to the company, for the purpose of superintending the ad venture. This occurred in 181.5; the speculation turning out less favourably than was expected, and returns being slowly made, it became necessary to raise a sum of money on the partnership account in England. The plaintiff, on quitting thii country, had deposited with his wife the tide-deeds of an estate which he possessed in Essex, and in the latter end of 1817 Mrs. Munnings and her son-in-law, Mr. Burley, obtained an advance of 12,0001. from the Hope Insurance Company on these title-deeds, at the same time entering into an engagement to pro cure the plaintiff to execute a regular mortgage of the property within 18 months. Collateral security was given to the Insurance Company by several individuals, who passed their bonds for various sums, amounting in all to 12,0001. Some of these bonds have since been paid. On his return to England, Mr. Munnings applied to the Hope Insurance Company for a fur ther advance on the Essex property, offering to secure it and the former loan by a mortgage. This application not having been complied with by the Company, the plaintiff refused to execute , a mort gage for the original advance. However, he offered to pay what he considered his own share of the 12,0001. under the partnership, and called upon the Insurance Company to deliver up • the title-deeds upon his so doing. This they refused to do, on the ground that the several obligers under the bonds given to them as collateral securities, and now in part paid, looked to the plaintiff's Essex estate as an indemnification. Under these circumstances, the plaintiff filed his bill to oblige the Company to give up the title-deeds, or, in the event of that being re fused, calling for an account in order to ascertain what part of the 12,0001. was payable by him. Mr. ROSE having been heard at considerable length for the plaintiff, Mr. LYNCH (who was with him) argued that the parties who passed their bonds to the Hope In surance Company as collateral securities for the ad vance of 12,0001. never became the plaintiff's sure ties at his request, or by the desire of any one authorized to act for him ; that there had been no valid deposit of the the title-deeds ; and, finally, that there had been no confirmation by the plaintiff of what he ( Mr. Lynch) ventured to designate as not only a void, but a fraudulent transaction. The MASTER of the ROLLS, without calling upon the defendant's Counsel for an answer to the case, proceeded immediately to give judgment, and ob served, I am clearly of opinion that these sureties are entitled to a lien on the estate in respect of the sums paid by them on account of the 12,0001. The decree will be for the defendant, and will include principal, interest, and costs. With regard to the surety who was one of the partners, the partnership accounts must be referred to the Master. An ac count will also be taken of what sum is due to the Hope Insurance Company ; and on . satisfying these claims, the plaintiff will be entitled to redeem. COURT OF KING'S BENCH, JULY 15. EYRE V. RAYNER. This was an action of trover to recover the value of certain articles of household furniture. The Jury, without hesitation, found for the de fendant. CAMEL AND ANOTIIER V. WITTIG. This was an action by Messrs. Capel, coal-mer chants, to recover the amount of their bill for coals supplied to the defendant, and also to a per son named Haberer, upon the defendant's guarantee. The Jury, under the direction of Lord Tenterden, found for the plaintiffs—Datnages 71/. I Is. sd. EVANS V. FORSTER AND ANOTHER. This was an action to recover a ~tun of 91. 9s. for demurrage. The plaintiff' was the master of the brig Betsy, of 128 tons, and had brought to the port of London a cargo of oats, which had been consigned to the defendants (corn-factors) for delivery. The vessel arrived on the 28th of October, and was re ported at the Custom-house on the 30th. The de livery began on the 4th of November, and ended the 19th, there having,been,l,oQ4 ,quartersAt t delivered in Jhe whole. The claim for deMr i was made on the .ground that the c:;rg o opt,' have been discharged within the first. Arei days after the vessel had been reported, . .:; The Jury found for the plaintiff-DatnageS'9 l .' Under the directions of Lord TENTiilin,Eri, a 0, suit was then entered; his Lordiap plaintiff leave to move to set it aside, and, enter verdict for the plaintiff for the 91. 9s. LONDON SESSIONS. Yesterday these Sessions commenced before td LORD MAYOR, the RECORDER, said a benCh of dermen. REFUSAL TO SUPPORT A WIFE, BY REASON °C ADULTERY. ••• • 0 The COMMON SERGEANT applied to the Cour t . confirm an order made by one of the City MI, straws to compel a person named FantOrt to super, his wife. The Learned Gentlernan : siated • that ' l O husband did not refuse on account of poverti', / any of the ordinary motives which infltieneed' to live separately from arid without assisting ll l, wives: Pe was a respectable than, and perfile t d i capable of giving the requisite stipport,' but he ti ", fused because she lived in adultery with a man. ; Flititon contended that be was borne out by the' . in refusing to maintain her. •' The RECORDER—Certainly there is no I" kind that lam acquainted with. • • The COMMON SERGEANT said, that the husiO n . o had put a mistaken construction upon the Act,. Which it was stated that a husband was bound, o give his wife lawful support or maintenance. ' r P A sentence was translated into an authority not top , support or maintenance in this. case, • inasmuch the' wife, having been guilty of an' tintavrful sett le moved herself from the protection of the law. i ; The RECORDER—That would 'be a thing,. existed, -of which every 'loose woman might toj advantage. The momenta husband' vii Shed to from his wife, or she from him, it wotild onlf necessary to show that the 'wife' lived in adultol4 and the parish would have to take the' burden their shoulders. The COMMON SERGEANT said that the def e 0 0 1 had cited some cases, but there appeared to be analogy. • If The RECORDER said the defendant was cerfs' n • bound to support his wife. Order confirmed, with power to refer speciallf the C, urt of King's Bench. James Hitchcock was indicted for a misderneas °/11 at common laW, in having sold a quantity of b 0 unfit for the use of man. There were seven eoil° l in the indictment. The Court was crowded butchers and sausage-makers.. The Commos SERGEANT, in his' a d dress to Jury, said, that if the facts in his brief were c orre c t ", it was high time for the public to look about cap : ously at meal-times. The meat which the defend 0 16 i had been guilty o f v e nding o r exposing for was, it was stated, what was frequently ufie,d making certain puddings called polonies, into such large quantities of pepper and'salt, 'which 1 11° . 0 have cost much more than the meat itself, wer e , i fused, that th e a b om i na ble qua li t y o f t h e prilleic, ingredient could not be detected until the gel l ye e h i, health began to si n k un d er re p ea t e d mea ls. ;;: i i was an evil against w hi c h th e affluent could e l , themselves, but the poor were left without seclir : except such as was given by the certainty of Fa' in cases of offence. . Mr. BARRY then called witnesses. Richmond, an officer, stated, , that on Saturdl the 7th of March, he saw - it'e.ait full' of Stinking 111 ' i in Warwick-lane, and a crowd gathered round ski looking at it. He took it . into the greeniaids si was not food fit for man. . • t Cross-examined by Mr. PAYNE: 7 -D - id . not k li° that it was intended for the use-of the public. if George Smith, a porter in Nevigate-market, 011 4 „ he said, the bodies of beef. man named CIO a porter, " wouldn't:ha' nothing to dv With cause it stinked so desperate. The butchers, • people what knew beef, called bad meat.' wet-lie; He was desired to take the wittles to Mk. Fisb ui but that gentleman would'nt ha none on , it, s 6 t ", he took it to 51r. Hamiidge, that deals Wit- 011 4 : He did not know what wet-uns were used. for , r o i he believed for polonies(Laughter.)-1 1 e:ji been told that if he cut his:finger and-bane", wet-un,' he would soon be wet-un' himself: (Loud laughter.) .•• . • •• ' Mr. PAYNE—And how did you know that fr i meat was not intended for dog's meat ? Witnea ll Can't say, I'm sure. • - • : Mr. PAYNE — Do you think any one would be e ! stupid as to buy such stuff as you describe for fo o d Witness—l do. I think, ,and I . seen it, that a people are fools enough to buy any thing.-- 7 (Laag i o ; ter.)—l knows that some people has neither P nor palate. t he Another witness saw a quantity of wate r in beef, of which there were five quarters in the er - ,, The water was the liquid arising from the putrid't l$ There was further confirmation . of these ot tlij fact s. . Mr. PAYNE said, that his client was a mere ag ° io and that the meat could be proved to have been good order the day before. It was stated I .he two o'4l ,ate_ ay witnesses, that - were killed the day before. The RECORDER—Aye, killed to prevent t bell from dying.—(Laughter.) The defendant was in an instant found " Gu iit/ ' and sentenced to pay a fine of .501. BIRTHS. O' On the 14th inst. inGrosvenor-place, the Couo t " ed Cawdor, of a son. On the 15th inst. at Clayland's- place, Claphain-id Mrs. Henry Field, of a son. g b On the 10th inst. at Hammersmith, the lady -or C Battire, Hon. Company's services of a daughter. f 4 ,1! On the 14th inst. at Astley Castle, Warwickshire, v. Berbara Newdigate, of a son. On the 14th inst. at Beddington, the lady of R. LO n Esq. of a son. MARRIED. of FA' T ......, STR, tilt at of the hi s e TRU whial Itreni On the 15th inst. at Enfield, Henry Treacher, ; il. Finsbury-square, to Francisca, youngest daughter 0 1 C. Bowles, Esq. of Myddelton-hOuse, Enfield. Cllr On the 15th inst. by Monsieur L'Abbe Laporte, „ o r lain to his Excellency the French Ambassador, and a ' e l di wards at St. James's, Piccadilly, Monsieur Le.o ol°° , Ft , deL el'; ' i o o f n t h ( e l ' ntyo, Anna, daughter of Kilkenny. ihi , B LZi a s n , On the 14th inst. at Midhurst, Sussex, the Rel r ' c oll Win. Geldart, LL.D. Regius Professor of Civil, io ta HlaotennTeiumro, Timothy C H ri a i r i t x y : le o4 , at Cambridge, to Mary Jane, third daughter of Ri c- Wardroper, Eq. 0 On the 9th inst. Henry W e ll R e y no ld s , Esq. suWl'lly, of Thatne, Oxon, to Anne, daught er o f th e late .& Esq. of Wallingford, Berks.' rtal b On the 14-th inst. a t W es t er h am , the Rev. F. 8.,,, 7, I'o4l late F e ll o w o f St. J o h n ' s C o ll ege , O x f or d, to 1 1' os Maria, second daughter of the Rev. Thos. Streatfie" Charts Edge, Kent. ~+ kliel to h, giVtl Nil LOIII Ah.. SKI 2, PE ( 2 vo Pc* Bv o . 4, DIED. r At Buckden, in th e 89 t h y ear of h e r age, No! mother of the Bishop of Lincoln. TV ° On the 14th inst. at liedfOrd-row, London, gr. Hayward Budd. jol o On the 13th inst. Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. Watson, of Gerrard-street. On the 10th inst. at Rotterdam, Catherine EL' 5 , 2 0 the second daughter of John Wells, Est M P of in Kent. On the llth inst. of a rapid decline, age(' 23'i a to ° Doxat Casey, f o u r th son o f J o h n C ase y, g'q' Ca On lcutta. the 14th inst. Sarah Lee, the wife of it* e l l " of the City-road, aged 48. ibo rty On the 14th inst. at the house of her son, H peg hill, .Mrs. Mary Dale, aged 63, late of Wavertre e ' Liverpool. Y e°r On the 12th inst. at Twickenham, in her 28th Nannetti Henrietta, the beloved wife of Dr. Pr" b Yf'rlot eldest daughter of limey Erskine Johnston, E"q' trical celebrity. PRINTES and PcBLISIIED by 111URDO YOUNG' SS OFFICE, 112, STBAND, LONDON.