The Sun. — London, England, 1859-05-07 00:00:00

BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION.-INQUIRY. The OPEN and UNBLUSHING BRIBERY and COR RUPTlONpractised at the late ELECTIONS, and the alleged cognizance cf the members of her Majesty's Government thereof; has excited the universal indignation of the whole country, and it is felt that a great blow has been struck at the freedom of Election by such unconstitutional proceedings. This question affects, and an INQUIRY into it ought tote promoted by, the nation at large. The burden of such an inquiry is too onerous to be borne by individual boroughs. 'A Committee of Gentlemen is in course of fersuatiq; for:,carrying out this object, and the countrtia called von to support them. Co-o p eration is earnestly solicited, and every information should at once be flutdshed to • WILLIAM WILDE, Jun., Hon. Sec. Offices, 23, Parliament -street, S.W. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Under the Manag!anent of Mr. Charles Kean. THIS EVENING will beVesented Shakspeare's historical play of KING lIPARY King Henry V., Mr. C.:4*n; Chorus, Mrs. C. Kean. 11 - 11EATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckatone. Tills EVENING will be performed the new and original Comedy, entitled THE WORLD AND THE STAGE. The characters by Messrs. Compton, Bnckstone, Howe, W. Far ren, Rogers ; Miss Amy Sedgwick, Sr.c. After which, a new Classical Extravaganza, entitled ELECTRA IN A NEW ELECTR'IC LIGHT. Messrs. Compton, Braid, ClltPk, Mrs. Wilkins, Misses Fanny Wright, Eliza Weekes, and Louisa Loclercq. And 'TWAS I. Commence at 7. NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHL Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE SERIOUS FAMILY. Messrs. B. Webster, BilibVtan, Toole ; Miss Woolgar, Miss Sims. After which, THE DEVIL ON TWO STICKS. Mr. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, Misses Woolgar, Keeley, Arden, and Kate Kelly. Followed by THE PRETTY GIRLS OF STILBERG, Air. B. Webster, Billington, Eburne, MissesWoolgar, Keeley, and Arden. Acting ,ianager—Mr. Wm. Smith. Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven. Box Office open from 10 to 5 --no charge for booking. No fees to servants permitted. A registry kept of all articles fbund. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough THIS EVENING will be produced a new Comedietta, by J. M. Morton, Esq., entitled WHICH OF THE TWO ? supported by the company. After which, THE MAID AND TELE MAGPIE. To conclude with VANDYKE BROWN. Mr. J. Clark. Commence at 7o'clock. A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, Wes tmins ter-road. Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke. Immense Success of INANTlOE.—Overflowing Houses Nightly. THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with a new grand spectacle, founded on Sir Walter Scott's popular work, entitled IVAN HOE ; or, The Lists of Ashby, intro ducing among the vast resources of this great Hippodramatic Temple,Tournaments, Processions, Banners, Combats, Tilts, Victories, and Achievemer ts in extraordinary magnificence. Ivanhoe, Mr. R. Phillips ; Isaac of York, Mr. Jas. Holloway; Richard of England, Mr. Herbert ; Robin Hood, Mr. Wm. Cooke, jun. ; Rebecca, Miss Bathurst ; Lady Rowena, Miss Dowton. After which, the matchless and unrivalled SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. Joim Henry Cooke, the greatest equestrian in the world : together with Miss Emily Cooke, Madame Blanche, Madame Bridges, Fleurette, and Madame Francisco, being the greatest amount of female equestrian talent ever seen in one night in any theatre. Grotesques—Messrs. Hemming and Thome. To conclude with the Farce of BATHING. ;Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, 3s. ; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, Is. ; Upper Gallery, Privatoßoxes, £4 4s, £2 2s, &ad £1 ls. Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips OANTERBURY lIALL AND FINE ARTS J GALLERY. Westminster-road.—Open at Seven. EVERY EVENING during the week will appear THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY, consisting of three Juvenile Violinists, viz., Jules, Juliette, and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and EIGHT years. The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios ever written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France and Belgium. The will perform EVER Y EVENING, at NINE and ELEVEN o'clock, in addition to the usual Entertainments. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, MAY 7. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 60—highest since noon yesterday. 48—lowest this morning and during the night. 68—this day at noon. BAROMETER- -30.04. WIND, South-westerly; light, with fine summer weather. THE SUN. SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1869. The Austrians_have lost the golden opportunity. They adopted a Fabian policy when action was all-important. They might have inflicted a heavy blow and great discouragement on Sardinia, but in place of so doing they halted between divided counsels—General Hzss, at Vienna, dissenting from the views of General GYULAI, who, being in actual command at the seat of war, should be enabled to arrive at the soundest opinion. Such differences are invariably injurious to the parties concerned, and it is by no means improbable that Austria will, in consequence thereof, be compelled to abandon the position she intended to assume, and to fall back on her own territories. The Moniteur declares that the troops who had advanced to Cambio had recrossed the river, and that in consequence of the heavy rains which had fallen great obstacles would be opposed to their passing of the Po at Frassinetto. This is by no means improbable, and we may therefore, for once, credit the statement of the French official journal, more especially when it does not refer to the pacific intentions or extraordinary mode ration of the EMPEROR. The contemplated advance on Turin will be adjourned sine die, and another Marengo may convince FRANCIS JOSEPH of the great error which he has committed. The three days' delay will cost Austria thousands of lives and millions of pounds sterling. It is more than probable that the invading troops will now have to fall back on their own territory and to 52t on the defensive. Seventy thousand French soldiers are already in Piedmont, and no sudden blow can be inflicted which might paralyse the Sardinians, and, to a certain extent, prove decisive. In every case of a similar description procrastina- Lion has led to defeat, and the present will be but another illustration of an ancient and well-recog- nised principle. There will, .in all human probability, be a tedious and prolonged struggle unless Austria should change her notions, and consent to good government in_ the. Lombardo-Venetian, kingdom, and to abandon _her undue interference in the quasi independent Italian States. The British Government have earnestly pressed good advice oil the EMPEROR. It has hitherto been disre garded, but the failure of the contemplated coup may possibly induce the Cabinet of Vienna to listen to more rational opinions. We have, even 'at the eleventh hour, ascertained the nature of the treaties that have been entered into with the• minor States of Italy. They can only be regarded as conspiracies against the people, intended to keep them in a state of serfdom and slavery, and to prevent any chance of constitutional government. It is asserted that Austria was will hig to exhibit all these private engagements before the Congress ; but as she prevented the meeting of that Congress, and had kept these matters secret many years, we must receive her present declara tions with considerable doubt and reserve. The French are again boasting. They are para phrasing the proclamation of the First NAPOLEON. Them is to be another " Army of Italy," every soldier' whereof will be distinguished. It is not, however, likely that there will be another Maren go, although the parties are not far distant from the locality, or that the Austrians will be driven from Italy, to defend themselves in their father fond. They have many disciplined soldiers and strong fortresses, and although they may be unable to assume the initiative or become the ass ailants, i t will be by no means easy to drive them from their strongholds. It is true that NAPOLEON I. gained decisive victories, and in a short time compelled Austria to come to terms. But there is a great difference between the uncle and the nephew, and we cannot anticipate similar triumphs for the present pissessor of the French diadem. NAPOLEON the GREAT was a tried and experienced soldier. He had passed through many serious crdeals, and, perhaps, a more able General had never appeared in any age. But Louis NAPOLEON, how ever he may have studied the theory of war, has had no practical experience. He has never heard the booming of cannon, save as an imperial or royal salute, or a single angry fusillade intended to do mischief. What, then, can he expect or anticipate by taking the command of the army ? He may have very good dry-nurses who may inform him what to do, but that will not quite satisfy the people of France or convince them that he is a great general, and that the mantle of his uncle has been trans felled to his shoulders. Austria, by her procras tination, has forfeited the great advantages she might have obtained ; but it may be fortunate that she has done so. It may lead to the more speedy restoration of peace and tranquillity, than if she had, in the first instance, reached Turin and plun dered the capital of Piedmont. Amongst the most interesting of the features of the Irish elections is the regeneration of a Peelite influence at Dublin. Many persons supposed that the public had done for ever with a combination of politicians: seeking to extract political capital from the memory of the late Sir ROBERT PEEL. We had for many years a " Pitt Club," and we should not be surprised if certain persons should organise a " Peel Club." Be that as it may the " Peelites," at Dublin, have been active on their legs during the present struggle, and have made their influence felt with no little effect. At Carlow the return of Sir JOHN ACTON was considerably facilitated by a previous canvass of a Peelite, who seasonably withdrew after having sapped and undermined the Derbyite influence in the borough. At Dublin the Peelites left no stone unturned in order to return the Con servative majority, and in the King's County and at other elections the Peelites were active in using their old Tory connections as a means for damaging the Derbyite party. It may, therefore, be worth while to scrutinise the objects of these Irish Peelites. That they follow the guidance of Sir J. GRAHAM and Mr. SIDNEY HERBERT is beyond dispute. The large patrimonial estate inherited near Dublin by Mr. SIDNEY HERBERT necessarily gives that Right Honourable Gentleman great influence in Ireland, and Sir JAMES GRAHAM is well acquainted with the many blunders in Irish politics committed by the Whigs. There is pending, besides, a most interesting question as to the distribution of Irish patronage consequent on a restoration of the Libe rals to power. Some have said that there wa g s too much of cliquism, and of favouring of certain con nections by the Liberals in Scotland, and without here discussing that point, the question has assumed a personal aspect in the discussion—" Whether the Right Honourable MAGUIRE BRADY or the Right Honourable ABRAHAM BREWSTER should be the Lord Chancellor of Ireland ?" Much may yet depend on the solution of that question. Personal considerations are of great influence in a country like Ireland, where the social influences are so quickened by ambition. Those liberal Protestants and non-political Catholics who have been displeased or dissatisfied with ex- Chancellor BRADY'S official distribution of patron age will naturally be desirous of seeing Mr. BREWSTER Made Chancellor of Ireland. On the other hand the old Whig connection and the performers on the Dublin platform will eagerly extol Mr. BRADY'S claim. It is sup posed that the Whig- statesmen in England do not very much care about Mr. BRADY; but it is known that Sir JAMES GRAHAM is ardently interested about Mr. BREWSTER. The candidature of Mr. BRADY's eldest son to the Irish capital is a plea that will be urged by the Bradyites ; but it will be traversed on the other side by the fact that Mr. FRANCIS BRADY'S attempt to carry the city of Dublin has not been successful. Advantage, also, will be taken of the circumstance that Mr. BREWSTER has paid a heavy price for the sincerity of his political conduct. No man of equal distinction at the Irish bar has fared so badly in point of promotion as Mr. BREWSTER has done. What was said of THEMISTOCLES has been applied with some felicity to Mr. BREWSTER, " If every man at the bar of Ireland had to put in a ticket as to professional eminence he would ensure himself as first, but be sure to cite Mr. BREWSTER as second." Nor is Mr. BREWSTER witheut a considerable following. He has been for many years a member of the Kildare-street Club (the "White's" of Ireland), and he has courted the regard of some of the great Whig proprietors. The PON SONBY interest is favourably disposed towards him, and several of his professional brethren would gladly see the forensic patronage of the sister country entrusted to his hands. Mr. BALL, Q.C., a Protestant, and a consistent Peelite, joined Mr. BREWSTER in supplanting the Liberal candidate; and Mr. M`CARTHY, the Roman Catholic candidate for Dublin, is a personal friend of Mr. BREWSTER. The presence of this Irish Peelite can be tracked in many of the elections in the sister country, and it adds to the splitting influences which dissever so many sections of the Liberal party. At Dublin the Liberal politicians connected with the Fouf.Courts are fast passing into sections of " Brewsterians" and "Bradyites," and the pre• cedence of Mr. BRADY and Mr. BREWSTER will have, probably, to be decided in London, and upon statesmanlike considerations. It is thought that the Whig proprietors in Ireland would prefer the selection of Mr. BREWSTER, and it is significant that the speech of Mr. Sergeant DEASY, in intro ducing Mr. MCCARTHY to the Dublin electors, lauded the Peelite statesmen to the skies. Between the rival pretensions of Mr. BRADY and Mr. BREWSTER we do not here decide. We are content, for the present, with indicating the high personal question which must arise, on a change of Ministry, about the Chancellorship of Ireland. O❑ a future occasion we may possibly comment on the difference between the system of governing Ireland as advocated by the old officialised Whig " tail" at Dublin, and with the prospective " large measures" system recommended by the Peelites. GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION. —Her Majesty's Emigration Commissioners have chartered the Abyssinian, 1,072 tons, to sail from Plymouth for Sydney , New South Wales, at £l4 18s. 1041. per statute adult; to be ready for the reception of passengers on such a day as the Commis sioners moy appoint between the 2d and 9th of June. METROLITAN BOARD OF WORKS.—At the weekly sitting of the Board yesterday, a great deal of business, consisting of the reception of deputations and of reports from the various committees, from the engineer, and from the superintending - architect, was transacted, but no subject involved in any of these matters was of sufficient import ance to require notice. After some conversation as to the period to bo allowed to contractors to inspect the plan and specification for the rebuilding of Berkeley-house, Charing cross, it was determined that the time for inspection should be extended, but that the day already fixed for opening the tenders (namely June 3), should be adhered to. :NlNES,—There has been a want of general acti vity in the mining share market this week, and, as a na tural consequence, prices, with few exceptions, have been quoted lower. This is not mach to be wondered at, taking into consideration the depressed state of the stock markets, and the confusion attending the different failures and set tlement of accounts. The Consols account, which it was thought would create fresh disasters, has passed off better than anticipated, and in some cases, to save more failures, time has been given to coinplet engagements. For the mining interest, we certainly consider it cause for congratu lation that it has all through the panic been so well sup ported. Dividend mines have been in fair request, and a moderate amount of transactions recorded in Margaret, West Seton, West Caradon, Basset, Herodsfoot, West Dasset, Wheal Trelawnr, Providence =llea, and South France.—ltining Journal: 1 . 4 2R s: r.,:ttZto -1: 4 • ',a l - • • THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, MAY 7, 1859 FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT. PLYMOUTH, MAY T. A terrific railway accident occurred last night on the Cornwall Railway, in consequence of the down train, which left Plymouth at 7.25 p.m., running off the rails when crossing St. German's viaduct, about eight miles from this town. The engine and three carriages were precipitated into the river, about 50 feet below the viaduct, causing the death o f the engine -driver, stoker, and one of the guards. Several passengers also were killed, but the exact number cannot at present be ascer tained. ANOTHER ACCOUNT. PLYMOUTH, SATURDAY MORNINO. Rumours have reached this place of a fatal acci dent which occurred last night, about three miles west of the Royal Albert-bridge, on the Cornwall line recently opened. The first and second class train, which left Ply mouth at 7.25 p.m. yesterday (Friday) evening, ran off the rails this side of the Notter Viaduct, near St. German's. It is supposed that the engine struck against the end of the viaduct, and was pre cipitated immediately into the water and mud belOw. The train consisted of an engine, a second-class carriage, a first-class carriage, a second•class carriage, and a truck. The water was at the time about seven feet deep. The engine is buried in the mud. The driver, Biscombe, and fireman, Hannaford, are killed ; and so is the guard, Hosken, who was in the leading second class car riage, which is under water on its back on the engine. The first class carriage rests on the leading second class carriage. One passenger, a woman, broke her arm. Up• to this time, 10 a.m., it is unknown whether any passengers were in the leading carriage or the first class carriage. The other second elms carriage, through the dexterity of the guard, Paddon, remained on the line, with the truck. The height from the water to the rails is about 45 feet. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the official residence of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in Downing-street. The Ministers present were the Earl of Derby, the Right Hon. B. Disraeli, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of Salisbury, the Earl of Hardwicke, Mr. Sec retary Estcourt, the Earl of Malmesbury, Gen. Peel, Lord Stanley, and Sir J. Pakington. Her Majesty will hold a Chapter of the Order of the Bath on Thursday next, the 12th inst., at Bucking ham Palace, for the investiture of several of the last nomi nated members of the Order. LORD COWLEY.—The Earl Cowley, British Am bassador at the Court of France, arrived in London yester day morning from Paris. The noble earl, shortly after his arrival, had a protracted interview with the Earl of Malmesbury at the Foreign-office, in Downing-street. Lord Cowley is staying with Lord and Lady Rokeby, in Portman-square, whyre Lady Cowley has been for some days past. THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.—His Excellency the Duke of Malakhoff, the French ambassador, accompa nied by the Duchess, leaves Albert-gate house this evening for Paris. His Excellency, who presented his letters of re call to her Majesty on Thursday last, was engaged yester day in paying visits to the different members of the foreign legations. Baron Malaret will act as Charg6 d'Affaires until the arrival of the Marshal's successor. His Excellency the Prussian Minister and the Countess de Bernstorff entertained a select circle at dinner last evening, at their residence in Carlton-terrace. The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough are entertaining a select circle at their seat, Blenheim House, Oxfordshire. The Marquis and Marchioness of Abercorn and Ladies Hamilton arrived at Chesterfield House yesterday, from visiting Viscount and Viscountess Valletort, at Moun- Edgecumbe, Devon. _ _ _ The Marchioness of Salisbury arrived at her mansion in Arlington-street yesterday, from visiting the Earl and Countess Delawarr, at Buckhurst Park, Sussex. The Earl and Countess of Ellesmere will leave Bridgwater House on Monday, on a visit to the Dowager Countess of Ellesmere, at Hatchford, Cobham, Surrey. The Earl and Countess of Galloway have arrived in town, from the family seat in Scotland. Lord and Lady Bagot have arrived at Lady Dover's, Whitehall, from Blithfield, Stafford. _ _ _ _ _ _ The Right Hoz. Frederick and Mrs. Peel leave Lady Pees to-day for Hampton Park, Warwickshire. Mr. H. St. John Mildmay, formerly an officer in the Kustrian service; will accompany the head-quarters of the Austrian army, as British Commissioner during the war in Italy. Col. Cameron will accompany the Sardinian army in a similar capacity. Bar silver was in great demand in the beginning of the week, and 6214. to 6211 was paid for some parcels for shipment to the Continent ; but it has since become very flat, and yesterday the limited amount brought by the West India packet has been sold at 521 d:, which still shows an advance of td. on the price realised by the preceding steamer. The dollars were disposed of at 600., showing no variation. The advices from Buenos Ayres by the present mail state that, netwithstanding the repeated reports of invasion by General Urquiza, circulated during the past month by the friends of that personage, with the view to create alarm and promote disturbance, the country re mained at peace. The general election of senators and representatives had just taken place, and had terminated in favour of the Government. The export trade was steadily increasing, and the public revenue was also improving. The ordinary receipts in February showed an excess of about 19 per cent. over the sum collected in the correspond ing month of 1858. This packet has brought the usual re mittance on account of interest on the London loan, and, in addition, a further sum of £5,000, for the purchase of Three per Cent. Bonds on Government account. GAS LIGHTED BY ELECTRICITY.—Two " sun lights," each containing 75 burners, have just been placed immediately under the ceiling in the centre of the music hall in the Edinburgh University, the ceiling being 40 feet in width and 50 feet from the floor. These burners have been successfully lit by an application.of the electric current The mode of operation may be thus explained : The galvanic battery is placed in the cellar, and from it positive and negative wires are carried up the sides of the hall and along the ceiling to immediately over the burners. Then it is coiled round the poles of an electro-magnet, to the keeper of which are attached a couple of wires bearing a platina wire. On the current of electricity being esta blished at the battery, the platina wire, placed within an inch of the burner, becomes red-hot, and the gas being simultaneously turned on, the whole 75 lights, which are closely contiguous, immediately flash into flame. The electric current having thus answered its purpose, is at once intercepted at the battery below, and the dear magnet, ceasing to be a magnet, its keeper, with the wires attached, falls three inches below the flame, so drawing down the platina wire, which, were it to remain in position, would be destroyed by constant exposure to the powerful flame of the gas.—Manchester Guardian.- WEST KENT ELECTION.—The defeat of the for mer liberal members for West Kent, Messrs. Martin and Whatman, by, the Tory candidates, Lord Hohnesdale and Sir E. Filmer, is an event which forcibly points out the danger of inertness on the part of reformers. At the pre vious election the Tories had but one candidate, Mr. H. Smith, of Camer, near Gravesend, and Messrs. Martin and Whatman .were returned by a majority of about 500. Since this period the. Liberals have gained an advantage upon the register, and yet tho Conservatives managed yesterday to obtain both seats. We have reason to believe that the Liberals relied too much upon their former success and the state of the regisier, whilst the Tories werked unceasingly, and an immense sum has been expended to oust the Liberal members. The Blackheath and Lewisham diStricts have heretofore given a large majority to the Liberals, but yes terday the tables were turned, and large numbers of voters who_formerTy_supported Martin and Whatman polled for the Tory candidates. The Liberal party, confident of sue: cess; was surprised at the unexpected turn of the contest; and it is broadly stated that the excellent breakfasts pro vided at Woolwich and other places for the Conservative voters produced the impression upon the poll. THE MICROSCOPIC SOCIETY.—This society gate a soirée on Thursday evening at the Kensington Museum, which was attended by no less than 3,000 persons. The microscopic tables were of course the greatest attraction of the evening; and immense numbers of the instruments were supplied in four large rooms especially devoted to the pur- pose. The "objects" were in profusion, and the miniature photographs, the last novelty produced in the art, were to be found in large numbers. The whole of the museum buildings were thrown open toethe visitors ; indeed, if this had not been the case it would have been impossible to ad mit all who came, and the various interestine , models and manufactures, with which the rooms are full, appeared to afford the visitors the greatest pleasure. CRINOLINL --Last night a lecture on this subject was delivered byMrii. Emilius Holcroft, at Hanover-square Rooms, to an audience consisting chiefly of ladies. The fair lecturer began her discourse by noticing some of the more striking cddities of female attire in England from an early period, which she illustrated by models, and contended that, whatever absurdities of dress her sex had adopted from time to time, they had found ample warrant for them in the ex ample set by their lords and masters. She warmly advocated crinoline as perfectly faithless and unexceptionable, and strongly condemned the hoop as not only inconvenient and dangerous, but as the ugliest, most unbecoming, and most disfiguring fashion ever introduced. To call hoop petticoats crinoline, she observed, was to use one of the great misno mers of the day, for the latter was as thoroughly a recognised material as calico, dimity, linsey, or any other substance of which ladies' skirts were made. It consisted of woven horse hair, or woven horse-hair and cotton combined, and had been used foe many years for bonnets and other purposes. It had, therefore, a full right to have a di s ti nc ti ve nam e of its own, and "crinoline" was no fancy term, but was one deriving its origin from the Latin word crinis—a band made of horsehair —and the French word crinier, a worker or dealer in horsehair. The lecturer next pointed out some of the defects and disadvantages of hoop petticoats, whether made of cane, whalebone, or fithel, mentioning that a lady wearing one would, on leaving her home, present a beautiful circle, and yet might, in consequence of a crush sustained in the streets, in an omnibus, or in a theatre, return in the shape of an irregular triangle, or a lop-sided octagon. On the other hand, crinoline was light, strong, expansive, and compressible, and, though it might not form an unbroken circle, it fell naturally into folds round the figure like, the branches of a graceful willow. Mrs. Holcroft, who is a very ladylike and prepossessing person, treated the subject with much vivacity, humour, and delicaey, and frequently elicited applause from her hearers. LATEST NEWS. THE WAR IN ITALY. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Renter's office : TURIN, MAY 6. The following official bulletin of the army has been published to-day : " The Austrians have increased their forces at Vercelli, and have constructed there defensive works. They have also occupied Trino and Pobietto. Their vanguard is at Tronzano. During last night the enemy withdrew from Tortona. Yesterday evening they burnt seven arches of the bridge over the Scrivia. At Piacenza they have ordered the demolition of houses erected upon the fortifications." A company of troops has been despatched to capture the war material, which the enemy had transported to the western side of the Sesia, for the purpose of being conveyed to Candia and Terra nova. The body of the enemy's army, which yesterday occupied Trino and Pobietto, has withdrawn to Vercelli. The official Pieclnzontese Gazette publishes an announcement laying an embargo on. Austrian vessels in Sardinian ports, but neutral property on board is to be respected. PARIS, MAY 7. The Moniteur of this morning contains a decree appointing Marshal Vaillant and Count Walewski members of the Privy Council. Another decree makes the following fresh ap pointrsepts :—M. de Royer, hitherto Minister of Justice, to be Senator and first Vice-President of the Senate; M. Delangle, hitherto Minister of the Interior, to be _Minister of Justice ; Gen. Randon, to be Minister of War ; the Duke of Padoue, to be Minister of the Interior ; Marshal Valliant, hitherto Minister of War, to be Major-General of the Army of Italy. A note in the 31oniteur denies the correctness of the statement that France intends to place an army on the Rhine. The garrisons of the frontier towns have not been increased by a single regiment. If the Emperor has given to an illustrious marshal the title of Commander cf the Army of Observation, it was to indicate that, in case our frontiers should be threatened, all the garrisons would form one army under the command of the Duke of Malakoff. The Moniteur also states that Lord Cowley has gone to London on family matters, but will return to Paris on Sunday or Monday. HAMBURG, MAY 6. England is said to have officially notified that she will not be able to protect commercial vessels in case of war between Germany and France. TRIESTE, MAY 5. The committee of management of the commercial bank of Trieste has called together an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders for the Bth of June to discuss the advisability of deferring for the present the further payment of dividends. TRIESTE, MAY 7. The Austrian Lloyd's steamer just arrived brings the following advices : " CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 30. The Porte has called in 50,000 Redifs. Omer Pasha has already quitted Bagdad en route for Constannople." BERLIN, MAY 7. Berlin is plunged in sorrow by the melancholy news that the Nestor of German science, the immortal Alexander von Humboldt, died yester day at 3 p.m. ATHENS, APRIL 30. The Grand Duke Constantine of Russia arrived here on the 26th ult. FRANCE. PARIS, MAY The Emperor and impress were present yester day at a solemn mass in the Chapel of the Tuileries in memory of the 38th anniversary of the death of Napoleon I. In consequence of the present political situation the annual gathering of old soldiers at the foot of the statue of Napoleon I. in the Place Vendome was unusually numerous yesterday. At 10 in the morn ing a body of the veterans of the armies of the Re public and the Empire marched round the column in procession, and deposited crowns of inimortelles on the railings. They afterwards proceeded to the Hotel des Invalides, where the crowd of persons assembled was so great that it was found necessary to close the gates, and only admit the grand digni taries and the old officers and soldiers of the first Empire who were in uniform. The chapel was thronged, and in the reserved seats were a number of senators, deputies, councillors of State, and other high personages, as well as officers of the army and of the National Guard. The exact day of the Emperor's departure is not known, even if it be yet fixed. Prince Napoleon's baggage is packing up, and people say his Highness leaves on Sunday, others not till the 20th, but pro bably before the Emperor. It is said among naval people that Admiral Bouet Villaumez had been ap pointed to the command of a fleet for landing troops and besieging towns on the coast of Italy; but that the command has been suppressed, and the fleet not formed. The principal Secretary to the Minister of Marine is appointed Commissary-General of Marine at Toulon. All the officers in the French Imperial navy on leave of absence, to the rank of commander included, have been recalled, and all the Marines whose period of service is about to expire are to remain with their regiments. There have been so many orders given to the manufacturers of St. Etienne for rifled cannon that the workmen are forced to remain part of the night at work. A Turin letter of the 2d states :—" If the Aus trians come on the side of Pavia or Piacenza, the King will be the first to meet the invaders ; but if Novara, it will be Garibaldi. The Austrians keep advancing, and massing their troops round Pavia. When they occupied Novara, they gave orders to the municipality to drain off the water with which the country had been flooded by cutting the embank. 4 ments of the rivers. The same orders were given at Mortara and Vigevano, underthreat of burning the towns. If the Austrians are not masking their move ments, it would appear that they intend to make an attempt on Valentia, and risk a general battle there, or else take the place, and thus get between Casale and Alessandria. Seeing the position of the French army, however, and the rather uneven nature of the country, it is likely enough that Marshal Gyulai invades Piedmont on all sides with a view of dividing the enemy's army, and beating them, if he can, in detail ; but, in any case, to weaken the resistance on the point which he has chosen as the great objeet of the war—Alessandria. That is w i hy he has occupied Frassinetto, and has concentrated great masses of troops on the left bank of the Po." The following appears in a Vienna letter of the Ist, published in the Presse : -- "The utmost secrecy prevails regarding our mili tary movements. I can assure you, however, that measures have been taken to raise the army in Italy to 300,000 men (at present it is 200,000 strong), and, moreover, to concentrate an army of 120,000 men in Gallicia, to oppose the Russians. This is exclusive of our three federal contingents, which may be set down at 110,000 men, and which, in all probability, will be sent to the Rhine. In our political circles there is a growing conviction that Russia will take the earliest opportunity to bring about the triumph of nationalities in the East, exactly what France is now attempting in favour of Italy. The union of all Sclavonian races is a scheme which Russia has long cherished. We have some grounds for these apprehensions ; the military preparations in Servia, in the Principalities, and in Montenegro, and the accumulation of a war materiel, which is in obvious disproportion with the resources of those countries. cannot but be set down as meaning something, Another indication that something is brewing mad be found in the fact that a constant correspondence is kept up between Milosch, Couza, and Danilo, and in the presence of Prince Michael, the son of Milosch, in Paris." A Russian squadron is expected at Cherbourg on its way to the Mediterranean, to watch the course of events. The Patrie of this evening publishes a very curi ous document, a letter written by the Emperor while a prisoner at Ham in 1844. It is as follows : " Nothing can contribute to embitter certain questions, to aggravate difficulties, and give a wrong bias to men's minds than a bastard policy without dignity or consistency, that does not know what it wishes, because it is not bold enough to have a will of its own. To establish peace on a sound basis is a very different thing from keeping up a fictitious tranquillity for a few years ; to do so it is requisite to endeavour to bring about a cessation of hatred between nations, by favouring the tendencies and interests of each people; it is requisite to create an equitable equilibrium for each of the great Powers ; it is requisite, in a word, to follow the policy of Henri Quatro, and not the disastrous course pursued by the Stuarts and Louis Quinze. Open Sully's'Memoirs,'' and see what were the great ideas of the man who had pacified France and founded religious liberty. To establish on a solid basis the equilibrium of Europe, Henri Quatre thought it requisite that all the nations composing the great European family should be equal in power, and that no nation should be able to preponderate over another. He foresaw that for peoples as for individuals equality alone could be the source of j ustice. Henri IV. had brought round the greater part of Europe to his own views on this point, and when the dagger of the assassin brought his life to a termination, he . was assembling a mighty army coinposed of European con tingents, having in view not barren conquest, but universal peace, to attain which it was necessary to compel Spain (the House of Austria) to recognise the equality and inde pendence lof nations, and he would have established an areopagus, intended to decide by argument, and not by brute force, the quarrels between nations. Henri Quatre, had he lived, might have been named the Hero of Peace. "Louis NAPOLEON BONAPARTE." The Patrie adds that that grand scheme which Henri Quatre was unable to accomplish was the independence of Italy, and that to facilitate`. the carrying out of his plans he had contracted an alliance with the Duke of Savoy, who gave him the key of the Alps. It is this scheme, adds the Patrie, which the Emperor Napoleon 111. resumes to-day. There are reports of important Ministerial modi fications. 111-natured people whisper that Marshal Vaillant (tho Minister of War) has had a serious difficulty with the Emperor—how far this may be true is impossible to say. BOURSE, May 6.—The market has been steady, but with a very limited amount of business doing, and it is probable that no great variation will take place in Rente until the end of the subscription to the loan. Threes have been done 60f. 95c. and 61f. ; Mobilier, 507 f. 50e. and 510 f. ; Austrian, 330 f. to 332 f. 50c.; Lombardo-Venetian, 415 f. ; Orleans, I,loof. 50e. to 1,105 f. ; Lyons, 717 f. 50c., and 722 f. 50c. ; Northern, 820 f. ' • Eastern, 532 f. 50c., and 535 f. ; Southern, 400 f. The following were the last quotations : 4k per Cents. BB I Credit Foncier.... COO Do. end month _ 87 76 Belgian 41- B7l 3 per Cents 6l Piedmontese (5) .. 73 Do. end month 6O 95 Roman 77 Bank Shares. 2550 Austrian — Credit Mobilier .. 620 Spanish Threes Do. Account ..... 515 Home Debt — RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern 827 50 .. 825 New ditto. 7lO 710 Lyons and Mediterranean 730 728 75 Now ditto Geneva 405 .. 405 Southern Western 450 .. 455 Eastern Sardinian 315 .. 310 Austrian Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 71c. ; money, 25f. 21c. ; three months, paper, 244. 90c.; money, 24f. 85c. MALTA. • MALTA, MAY 1. The Vigilant, just arrived at Malta from Messina, Conqueror and Centurion, ships of the line, and Coquette, gunboat, have since put to sea, steering westward. Admiial Fanshawe, in the Marlborough, with the Princess Royal, will, it is reported, follow to-morr ow. Colonels Lefroy, R.A., and Owen, R.E., have arrived to inspect the defences. THE BOMBAY MAIL. We have received by extraordinary express, in anticipation of the Overland Mail, our letters and papers from Bombay to the 11th ult. The following is from the Bombay Standard of the llth ult. : CENTRAL INDIA. We have at last to congratulate the Government on the capture of Tantia Topee. This fortunate blow was struck on the 7th of April, and was preceded by two important events—a complete defeat of the rebels under the Rao and Feroze Shah in the Seronge jungles on the sth of April, and the surrender on the 2d of the samb month of the rebels under the Gwalior chief Mann Singh. It is difficult at present to determine the localities in which these successes were gained. We, therefore, merely repeat the news as we received it in the following Govern ment telegrams :-- "From Indore, 6th April, 8 a.m., to Lord Elphinstone. " Colonel Dallas, on the sth, surprised the rebels under Rao and Feroze Shah at Baroda, 12 miles north of Mibool jingrah ; not less than 300 of the enemy killed." " Front Seronge, 9th April, via Goonah, 7th April, to Lord Elphinstone. "Rajah Maun Singh surrendered to Major Mead e's column at Mahoodra on the 2d April. The column under Colonel De Salis and Colonel Rich in combined movement in the Seronge Jungles have overtaken the rebels of the Rao Sahib, Feroze Shah, and Tantia Topee, and have killed 500. Neither of the leaders of the rebels known to be killed, but some native officers, many Vailaitees, one of the first Bombay Lancers, and some of the Gwalior Body Guard. " These men have had the Proclamation amongst them and have well known the clemency displayed towards those wh6 have surrendered, but they have rejected mercy and have murdered all of our people who fell into their hands. "Loss on our side not luny returned, but three of the 71st killed, band master of the 10th Bombay Native Infan try killed. Three sepoys and one sowar wounded, one sepoy killed." " From Mahoodra, via Seepree, Bth A mil, 6.30 p.m., from otn Apru, Colonel Meade, Lord Elphinstone. " Tantia Topee captured by this detachment with Maun Singh's assistance last night. He is now a prisoner in camp, awaiting orders for his disposal." Orders have been issued for his trial by drum head court-martial, and if he is found guilty he will be hanged. Previous to this final catastrophe in Central India, Adil Mahomed. of Bhopal, had surrendered; finding, no doubt, the cause he had espoused desperate. There was reason to suppose that similar despair would speedily lead to the surrender of the rest of the insurgent chiefs, but during the latter end of March these still baffled the untiring energy of our generals. When last we dwelt upon this subject we narrated some of the disappointments which attended both General Michel and Sir Robert Napier in their efforts to circumvent our enemies, who arc always too cunning and too swift to be caught. lifre described Sir Robert Napier watching the Seronge jungles to prevent the enemy's escape. At that very moment the Rao and Feroze Shah were already away at Mungrowlee, on the road to Chundaree. Whilst Sir Robert Napier was thus unsuccessful, General Wheeler had on the side of Saugor been marching and counter-marching with quite as little success. He had marched from Sanger on the 4th of March, with a force consisting of three guns, a squadron of the 12th Lancers, a troop of the 3d Irregular Cavalry, a wing of her Majesty's 43d, and a company of the 31st Bengal Native Infantry. With this force he proceeded due south to Rhatgur, thence to Bagrode, where it was said that the enemy lay, back again to Korrai, where he finally gave up the chase. On the 13th, when General Wheeler was at Korrai, the enemy were considerably to the westward, at Chundaree. The nearest force to them at that time was Liddell's column, which lay at Lnllutpore. On the 13th that column was ordered from Lullutpore to Pahlee. It met no enemy, however, the rebels having again entered the jungles in the direction of Seronge. No information could be obtained by General Napier as to whether the rebels were united in force, or separated into small divisions, and dispersed. On the 21st of March it was determined by General Napier to make an effort to ascertain where the rebels lay. A large force leaving the general and Major Chetwo - od at Seronge had reached Letaria, about 22 miles off. This force was divided, one part under Colonel Rich, another under Major Meade, taking opposite directions to beat the jungle to the northward, in co-operation with a wing of the 92d Highlanders and Colonel De Salis' Brigade. BORDERS OF NEPAUL. It does not appear to us, either from the positien of the insurgents on the Nepaul border, or of the European columns watching them, that fears of the kind alluded to above need be seriously entertained. Our troops are at present distributed on a line which may be said to extend for five degrees of longitude, which may be turned any day on its right flank, and be attacked on any point by any enemy who can attack and be not attacked, who are aware of every movement of their opponents, whose own movements are shrouded in obscurity. This line again during-part of the year can no more be held by troops than the Campagna di Roma ; it is always unhealthy, always liable to affronts and surprises. Europeans are placed in the plain, in the most un healthy part of India, to watch and countermarch an enemy occupying a three-fold range of moun tains, which gives those who hold it every oppor tunity for both attack and defence, with valleys affording every kind of supply, and with a climate almost European. And this state of affairs is peace. The mutiny is over. Troops arc to be sent home. In a military point of view, then, our position is bad. We can only escape from its evils when they become unbearable, which will be in less than a month's time, by a forward movement. This will entail mountain warfare, a science of itself, which all troops have to learn by experience, and that at a cheap price if only by temporary checks an d mortifications, and not utter repulse. The prelimi nary movements will take place on the plains under a hot sun, in pathless jungles. Here the reserves must be camped at a vast expense of life, the magazines established, and here, too, every move ment Will be impossible the moment the rainy sea son commences. The consideration of these facts would doubtless lead to a postponing of active measures until the commencement of the cold season. Meanwhile the blockade at present main tained would perforce be given up, and the black guards now reduced to prey upon one another, practically turned loose over India. All these considerations were equally patent twelve months ago. NORTH-WEST PROVINCES. Nothing has occurred to disturb the peace of these provinces, but there have been anxieties as to the maintenance of peace in the small territory of Ul wur, west of Delhi. Some Fusiliers and Artillery have been despatched from the latter city to Re warree to watch Ulwur ; but it is probable that no occasion will be given for an appeal to arms. The cause of agitation is very simple. The young chief, a Hindoo, is in love with a young Mussulman girl, daughter of the late Prime Minister, so the story runs, and he wants to satisfy his desires by con forming to the Mahomedan religion. Hence the great wrath on the part of the Hindoos, and threats of an appeal to, arms. MADRAS. Lord Harris has left Madras for Calcutta, and Sir C. Trevelyan has arrived. He has signalised his entrance into office by appointing a native officer as aide-decamp, and expressing in a speech his great sympathy for the Anglo-Indians. THE TARIFF AND INDIAN FINANCE. The financial and commercial crisis in which India has of late been involved continues to excite considerable attention. The public meetings at Calcutta and Madras were very unanimous in pro testing against the suddenness of the new tariff. But as in both these places the measure was en forced with less precipitation than at Bombay, the attention of the speakers was directed rather to the political questions involved iu the passing of the tariff, than to the impolicy or injustice of the measure. MISCELLANEOUS. Sir R. Hamilton, who has refused the offer of a seat in the council at Calcutta, is here, and on the eve of taking his departure for England. Lord Clyde, when last heard of, was at Delhi on his way to Simla. _ _ Amongst the gentlemen whom the Northam carries away from these shores is Col. Lyons, who takes his final furlough to England. He is succeeded by Col. Robertson, the gallant colonel of the gallant 25th Bombay Native Infantry. As we long since stated, Captain Marriott succeeds Col. Mel vill as secretary in the military department. At Calcutta, Mr. Beadon is to be promoted to Foreign Secretary, and will be succeeded in his old appointment by Mr. Grey. Her Majesty's 64th has been in part shipped off to Kur rachee, where it is to remain for the present. The 86th will leave us for England in a few days. MONEY MARKET AND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. BOMBAY, APRIL 9. The general features of our market since the 25th ult. have not on the whole been of a cheering character. The difficult questions arising between importers and native buyers from the action of the new tariff, especially with regard to the increased duty on the enormous quan tities of cotton piece goods sold to arrive, have caused for a considerable portion of the time an entire suspension of that description of business. Exporters at the same time have to complain of an advance in cotton of some Rs. 8 to Rs. 10 per candy, with fewer arrivals than were looked for; while linseed and rapeseed from their scarcity have also kept at a price which is generally considered to forbid re munerative shipment. On the other hand, we have to re port that further arrivals of silver have had their usual effect upon the money market, causing the Bank of Bombay to reduce the rates of interest 1 per cent. all round, on the 7th inst. This is a considerable source of relief, but still we can not call money cheap while loans on government paper are only made at 9, and short private bills discounted at 11 per cent. The demands of the busy season, with expected large arrivals of opium previous to the increase of duty, will in all probability keep the market tight for some months to come, Government Securities have varied very slightly in value, the highest rates touched being 781 for Fours and 894 for Fives, and the present quotations being 781 and 891 for.the same respectively. The fluctuations in the value of Bank Stares have aiso peen anon. FREIGHTS have had a declining tendency, arising chiefly from the comparative absence of seeds for shipment, and we have to notice a fall of fully ss. per ton for English ports. For London the quotation is D. 12s. 6d. to £1 155., and for Liverpool £1 10s. to £1 15s. per ton. £2 2s. 6d. has been accepted for the Continent, and £2 would now be taken. For China there is less doing at our quotations of Rs. 64 to Rs. 71 per candy. EXCHANGES.—The closing quotation is 2s. 15-16 d. for first class, and 2s. ltd. for document paper. MADRAS, APRIL 6. Fours, 22 ; Fives, 11; Tanjore, 5. Interest, 10; money tight. Freight and exchange unaltered. DOVER HAI?BOUR OF REFUGE. In October, 1847, a commencement was made of the pier, which has now stretched itself far into the deep water of the Channel, and though the progress up to the present time has not been such as to justify the expectation of the works being completed as a harbour of refuge in any reasonable time, and a strong opinion is entertained by some that the mode of construction should even now be changed, with a view to expedition and the reduc tion of cost ; still the advantages that have been already gained, and which are no part of the Harbour of Refuge scheme, are thought to show, that if at any future time it should become neces sary to station a fleet in the Channel, the advantages that will be derived from such a work will be im mense. The great object sought in the construction of the works at Dover, was a station in time of war for a Channel fleet, from which no storm could drive them, and where they might be at hand whenever their services might be needed; thus obviating the necessity of periodically returning to the nearest dockyards (Chatham or Portsmouth), for fuel and supplies of different kinds; which would practically be offering eligible opportunities for annoyance or attack from small vessels of war, such as could issue from the ports on the opposite side of the Channel. The feasibility of this will readily be understood when it is stated that, during the French war, even sailing vessels used to sally out on such occasions as these, and, in sight •f people now inhabitants of Dover, capture merchant vessels off the very mouth of the harbour. What might not have been done in this way by the agency of steam P Lines of railway from the Rockyards of Chatham and Portsmouth, and the camps of Aldershott and Shorncliffe, aro already in existence, close up to the pie r ; and it is proposed to continue these lines down the pier to the jetties, by which means the landing and embarking of troops, horses, baggage, or naval stores, would be effected with ease. The depth of water allows troopships of great draught of water to come alongside at all times of tide; and the outer landing jetties, which will shortly be in hand, have 4 2 fekt depth of water at low water of spring•tides, sufficient for the largest ships of the line at the lowest tides. The length of pier founded at this date is 1,250 feet; the superstructure is completed of 1,050 feet. The width of the pier at the base is 84 feet ; at the quay level, 45 feet. The area enclosed will be 320 acres, with upwards of 4 fathoms in depth at low water. Messrs. Lee are the con tractors, and Mr. Edward Druce is the resident engineer. The progress of the work has hitherto been regulated by the Parliamentary grant, which has never exceeded £34,000 per annum; but it is urged that a much greater amount of work could a nd ought to be done. A pro re p t e ue i n • va h itd a e i nv b t our here . in time in ens e o of advantagepeace ;and it if,is unfortunately, war should of im threaten our shores, there will be, ' ' wanted, a safe refuge for our fleets,the wheremere mostexist ence nt any in the Channel, isto of he wh m ic a h st l e v r ill dispute as to who do without it at present if the ambition, malignity, or r hold inmadness their of hands individuals,thelives es. must who and a f r o e rtu p n e e r s m o it f te t d he t ir o fellow-creatures, should bring this mighty evil upon us at once. Nevertheless, let England be but just to herself; and she need fear no foreign enemies. Hearts of oak are our ships (to say nothing of iron); heart of oak are our men : we have thrashed them before, and we'll thrash them again, if the sad necessity arise. Heaven avert it!—The Builder. - - A BRIDE A WIDOW.—On Thursday last a lady and gentleman arrived at the George Hotel, Dale-street, Liverpool, from Coventry, to spend the honeymoon. It transpired that the happy couple were Mr. John Wright, farmer, of Coventry, and his young bride, Miss Blockley, of. Ulsthorpe, Leicestershire, they having been married that morning at Coventry. The gentleman, though in the hap piest spirits, seemed to bo rather in adelicate state of health, and he complained of being unwell before ho retired to rest. Some time afterwards a doctor was sent for, Mr. Slack, who remained with him. Becoming worse, Dr. Inman, Dr. Hodgson, and Dr. Jones were also called in, but their efforts were unavailing, and he died at eight o'clock the next morning, as is supposed from disease of the heart. The melancholy news was telegraphed to his friends at Coventry, and was received before the wedding guests had separated. The body was removed from Liverpool en Saturday morn ing, and the disconsolate wife returned to the house of mourning a bride and a widow,—Liverpool .48e. SACRED HARMONIC SOCIETY, EXETER-HALL. This society gave Handel's fine oratorio of " Judas Maccabeus "at Exeter-hall on Wednesday evening. The hall was crowded, and the performances were of the suc cessful character which has obtained for this society its long-established reputation. Madame Rudersdorff, Mr. Sims Reeves, and Signor Belletti were the chief singers, ably seconded by Miss Banks, Miss Baxter, Mr. M. Smith, and Mr. Thomas. Madame Rudersdorff, who had a con siderable share of the solos, displayed her fine voice and dramatic ability to great advantage in the arduous part of the Israelitish woman. The favourite air, "Pious orgies," was rendered by her with much feeling; and she was also very successful in the recitative and air, "From mighty kings," and "Wise men flattering may deceive you." She was several times warmly applauded, notwithstanding the rules of the society. The other ladies, though their roles were less conspicuous, acquitted themselves with credit. Miss Banks especially distinguished herself in the beautiful air at the commencement of the third part, " So shall the lute and harp awake." Mr. Sims Reeves's rendering of a e music of " J udas" is well known. His " Sound an alarm" produced its usual effect, and was given with his accustomed energy and power. The fine air, Call forth thy powers," was also very effectively given and highly applauded. The music of Handel demands a voice of first-rate power and quality, and in Mr. Sims Reeves's absence it is seldom that we find a singer capable of doing justice to his magnificent airs for the tenor. The chorus was careful and efficient. The famous " See the conquering hero comes," was given with spirit and energy. This oratorio, like all Handel's, has many fine choruses ; that which closes the first part is among the finest. The audience was large, and appeared highly gratified by the evening's entertainment. Handel's " Israel in Egypt" is the next announced for performance. INCENDIARY SHELLS FOR WARFARE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—As there has lately appeared in the leading news papers several letters and editorial statements with refer ence to " Incendiary Shells for Warfare," and as those statements have invariably attributed the invention of in cendiary shells to Captain J. Norton, I beg you will, in justice to myself, and for the information of your readers, insert the following enclosed paper, extracted from the Mechanics' Magazine of 6th May; 1859.—1 am, sir, your obedient servant, JOHN MACINTOSH. May 6, 1859. LIQUID FIRE SHELLS. We have had a great deal of discussion lately respecting the invention of liquid fire shells. Captain Norton's name has been very prominently connected with the subject, but we have the gallant officer's authority to state that he lays no claim whatever to the use of any specific chemical sub stance for the purpose, his improvements being confined to the appliances by means of which such substances may, in his belief, be safely and effectually used. Dr. &offal:" makes an ambiguous claim in respect to the use of such substances, but his language on the point is very indefinite both as to the material and as to time. A letter from Mr. Macintosh, whose patent for such shells has been too much lost sight of, puts the matter in its proper light in so far as shells charged with bisulphuret of carbon and phosphorus is concerned. He says :—" Permit me to state that 'a shell filled with coal-tar naphtha, mixed with phosphorus and bisulphuret of carbon having a bursting charge sufficient to open the shells, which, when exploded, scatters its con tents in all directions--the shower of inflammable material falling among cavalry and troops ignites spontaneouslYt causing their immediate disorganisation and destruction. Fired into shipping, these shells, bursting on deck or belovr f cause the same results ; fir..d into harbours, dockyards, or towns, the result is alike destructive and decisive.' The above is - extracted from my patent—No. 1,774. In 1853 I offered my invention to the Government, but Lord Pan mure, then Minister of War, interdicted the sealing of ray patent, on the grounds of its efficacy and great value r which interdict has since been removed by his lordship. The patent has been sealed, and consequently made Mechanics' Magazine. TIIE AUSTRIAN GENERALS. The Sieele gives, from the pen of M. L ou i s J our dain, an account of the Austrian generals under whose direction the campaign in Piedmont has been opened :—" The name of General Gyulai," says the writer, " has already rever berated through France. We have seen it figuring at the end of a very bellicose order of the day, which was in a manner the preface of the Austrian ultimatum. General Gyulai, now the actual governor of the Austro-Italian., provinces, and commander-i n - c hi e f o f the troops in Lombardo-Venetia, was in 1848, a simple general of brigade' He fought under the orders of Radetski, specially at Ctle tozza, on the 25th July; and unless he has forgotten tha particulars of that battle he should cherish some respect for the Piedmontese troops. Custozza is the name of one of the villages included in the line which was occupied by the Sardinian army. 55,000 Austrians, commanded by Radetski, assailed four Piedmontese brigades, the collective strength of which was 20.000 men. One of these brigades was com manded by the Duke of Genoa. The fight lasted from 8 o'clock in the morning till 4in the afternoon. The Pied montese performed prodigies of bravery ; they defended stoP by step all their positions, and retired facing the enerari whom they never allowed for a single instant to break their ranks. One understands how King Victor Emmanuel, in his recent proclamation to the army, recalled with pride this glorious retreat. General Gyulai commanded on that day one of the Austrian brigades ; he knows consequently what the Sardinian soldiers are worth ; and he is about to learn the quality of the soldiers of France." The writer next introduces General Hobel. "His rank in 1848 WW I nalnmal A Om. +ll. .4* P orlatalti stow.. was entrusted to keep open the communications of the general-in-chief between Verona and Trent by Rivoli and the Garona. He took part with a battalion of the regiment of the" Emperor's chasseurs, in the action of Pastrengo, when! the Austrians were beaten. He is the same, if we are no t deceived, who causal to be shot i n th e f osses of Trent the patriot Italians. He found that an easier task, a pp e rentlY• than beating them on the field of battle." General Hess is the next individuality. "If we are to credit the latest Italian letters, it is General Baron de Hess who has incurred dis grace by having blamed the offensive movement across the Ticino. He took part in the campaign of 1848, in %unlit/ of chef d'etat major of Marshal Radetski. Vast nulitarY talents were ascribed to him at that time. He had not then attained the height of his reputation." Of General Benedict, the historian of the Sleds says: "He enjoys a European reputation almost equal to that of his celebrated colleagues General Haynau, the woman-flogger." BANK RETURNS. The Bankers' Magazine furnishes the returns of the cu" culation of the Private and Joint-Stock Banks in England and Wales for the four weeks ending April 9. Then returns, combined with the circulation of the Scotch and Irish Banks for the same period, and the average circula tion of the Bank of England for the four weeks ending the 9th March (the nearest date furnished by their returns), will give the following results of the circulation of notes in the United Kingdom, when compared with the previous month : March 12, April 9, 1859. 1859. Increase. Decrease - Bank of England 20,463,274 20,785,955 317,681 Private Banks 3,3"8,677 3,454,392 115,715 Joint-stock Banks 2,933,592 3,072,221 138,629 Total in England 26,740,543 27,312,568 572,025 Scotland . 3,780,662 3,7 68 , 432 12,230 Ireland 6,934,757 6, 063 , 195 28,438 ......__ .............11 ^ . _ United Kingdom. 37,4.r),,r ,9021 38,0,4,1951 588 243 And as compared with the month ending the 10th of April 11 1858, the above returns show an increase of £1,700, in the circulation of notes in England, and an increase of £2,585,569 in the t c h i e rc a ul b alon w o it f h th t e he U ra nit ed ed ral ( ran c k om s rh a e rin fo g llowing is the state of the circulation :-- rhe English private banks are below their fixed issues Kin of oni the seta' issue ......................... £9 5 0 )543 the English joint-stock banks are below their fixed issue 1230)136 Total below fixed issue in Englad.'.. £1,180,61 The Scotch banks are above their fixed iss n ue . £6B l2 :g i The Irish banks are above th e i r fi xed issue 160 8 0" The average stock of bullion held by the Bank of BI K: land in both departments during the month ending the 6th; of April was £ 1 9,592,054, being a decrease of £291,713 5 a f compared with the previous month, and an increase £1 187,983 when compared with the same period last yea! no following are the amounts of specie held by the Scot ch and Irish banks d ur i ng the month ending the M. Ap --- ril* Gold and silve r h e ld b y the Scotch banks £2,550,' 18 6 Gold and silver h e ld b y the Irish banks.. . .... R 3 ne £4,914,6 Being a dec rease of 158,546 as compared with the _ previous ret urn, and an increase of £506,072 when COmPe 4— with the corresponding period of last year. as t ST. JAIIIES'S HALL.—On Th urs d ay even i n g l-- the Rev. J. M. Bellew gave the first of a series of reading° from the British poets in the above hall. The reading in : chided extract s f rom Milt on , P ope , S cott, Byron, son, Hood, a n d o th ers . Th e h a ll was well filled In er .., .:!,1 part, and the audience thoroughly enjoyed the rich varied entertainment provided for them. Mr. Bellew bas long been kno wn as one of the b es t rea d ers ands peakers °f t which the church can boast. He h as ev id en tl y done viju c ; very few clergymen, or indeed publi c spea k ers o f any ku?-c:, ever do, studied elocution as an art. His naturally fine v°' plea' having thus been diligently culti va t e d , it i s a l ways a sure to hear him speak. The readings on Thursday evening were very effective, almost too eff ec ti ve, i n d ee d . Mr. Belle errs, if at all, in being sometim es more dramatic) than the kind of verse as well as natu re o f th e su bj ect requ i res . T object of the readings is to procure the admission by p ug ; chase into the St. Ann's Society of an orphan whose &W e d died in January last, l eav i ng t en c hild ren totally unprovide t for. Mr. ;Bellew stated in the course of the evening til t ' the reading had realised more than sufficient for this pr pose, and that the balance as well as the proceeds of $ second reading, would be handed over to the society. THE SARDINIAN AND OTHER RAILWAYS, A. 7...; TILE BRIDGE AT BUFFALORA. — The group of Sardilln— railways in 1848 comprised only 17 kil ome t res of lin e ; t. present the length opened for traffic is 933 kilometres. consequence of some difficulties of momentary considers' tion, the State had to t a k e upon it se lf the construction v the first lima to be established; viz. those of Alessas dtrht to Arona, and Turin to Genoa. This last was one el , most difficult lines in Europ e ; th e portion from Gen °s : ,.. l Novi perhaps may be considered as an extraordinary pl of work. The cost of construct i on and rolling stye amounts to 135,720,000 f., or more than 504,000 f. per , ki 4 . l°- 0 metre for a length of 270 kil ometres. The opening of ' l 3 l . Turin and Genoa lin o t oo k p l ace the 6th December, 19 the section from Alessandrm to Novara, th e 9th g 1854; and that of N ovara to Arona (La m agg iore) 1855. The stati on f or the junction of the Lombardo - V9g o tian with th e S ar di n i an railways is to be at Trecati. works are s o f orwar d that next month a locomotive will be able to run over. The central office of the Piedmonr, Senate have just unanimously ad obted, " purely and simP ofse of the the project of a law abolishing the tolls on the bridge Ticino, near Buffalora, constructed at the joint exn Austria.and Sardinia, on the road to Milan and Novara Half of the bridge was to servo for the railway junctiony e „ tween the two above g roups„; the other half was to be I " I true, the bridge has been blown up, as the first result s . open for carriages and foot passengers; but if report be Austrian movement towards Sardinia,--The Budder. ral ani Fu 'Wit hol( ket exi b ee , exc Lo r Thi tia ra Rt q hal'i Ca n and 8 11.0 1 Ila n Vnil tuna Exf 2 l Ditto bitt, t j 5 Spa Tai Pr, troct