The Sun. — London, England, 1869-06-03 00:00:00

CG-UT RA " c The 3:( tiL - of the Co Jperati ~,,Cca.,,;,:e3s on Wednesday was under the presidency of Mr. Walter Morrison, and the chief subject discussed was " Co-opera tive Banks." The question, in the opinion of the chairman, was difficult as well as important, and the chief obstacle to its being carried out to a successful issue would arise, he conceived, from the fact that co-operators would be unable to make up their minds to set aside a sum in the shape of remune ration sufficient to secure the services of efficient managers. The first paper read was by M. MOWER, Charg6 d'Affaires at Darmstadt, on" The Principles of Co-operation Applied to Credit." The proper application of co-opera tion, he said, must depend upon the proper application of general laws which govern the universe. The difficulty to be overcome did not arise from the deficiency of products in relation to population, but from a surplus, and the problem to be solved was the best method of distributing that surplus. If the classes working for wages could be placed in a posi tion to be accredited with capital, the problem to be solved was solved. The entire fabric of co-operative banks in Germany was built upon the theory that all that was required was to obtain a certainty —an approximate certainty—that the capital would be replaced with some additional value for its use. He proceeded to describe in detail the working of the credit banks in Germany, and added that he should be satisfied with the result of his efforts if he had shewn that labour by assuming a corporate form might become a borrower, and enjoy in a legitimate way the profits of capital. In conclusion, M. Morier said he considered that one of the first duties of his profession as a diplomatist was not only to keep people from cutting each other's throats, but to impress the minds of statesmen--no easy task—with the impor tance of international co-operation. (Applause.) The Rev. W. MOLLSWORTIE read the second paper, in which he observed that the great cause of co-operative failure was that managers had not waited for its natural growth, but had tried to force it forward. In Rochdale, where co-operation had been so successful, the progress had been slow, gradual, and steady. Something might be done to advance the movement by intercourse between friendly co-operative societies ; much might be done by the action of such societies as the Northern Wholesale ; but much more might be done by the establishment of a co-operative bank on thoroughly sound principles. Such a bank ought to be managed by men who understood co-operation in all its branches, and it would be their duty to find out what societies wanted loans, and to give them on good security. In this way societies could help one another in the ordinary channels of business. The result of his observation had been to shew that the tendency of co-operation was to develope the highest business talent and the highest moral virtue ; and when the time arrived for the establishment of such a bank, men intellectually and morally qualified to superintend and direct its operations would not be wanting. In the discussion which ensued a large mass of irrelevant matter was introduced several of the speakers, until checked by the chairman, persisting in elaborating points which had not been even hinted at in the papers read. Amongst the facts brought out worthy of note, it was stated that in Rochdale the capital in connection with the co-operative movement increased at so great a rate that it had been calculated that in about twenty years it would be sufficiently large to purchase the whole town. The following resolutions were submitted by Mr. Ludlow for adoption:- 1. That it is expedient to establish a co-operative bank ing and credit association, with a central office and branches ; and that, inasmuch as the business of banking is still excluded from the benefits of the Industrial and Provident Societies Acts, such association be constituted under the Joint-Stock Companies Act (1862), with limited liability. 2. Tl:at the association be formed as nearly as possible on the pattern of the North of England Co-operative Wholesale Society, and be formed exclusively of co-operative societies, registered either under the In dustrial and Provident Societies Act or the Joint-Stock Companies Act, but no society to be deemed co-operative which divides profits exclusivelyon capital. Provided always that trade societies of working men which may obtain a legal position may be admitted to become members of the association, either by themselves or by trustees on their behalf. That the business of the association shall be to keep the moneys of co-operative and trade societies, both on current accounts and deposits,whethernaembers or not, to discount the paper of co-operative societies, give gua rantees in their transactions, and transact other banking business. That moneys may be received on deposit at interest from registered friendly societies, benefit building societies, and individual members. After some discussion, the resolutions were passed. LAW AND POLICE. A CHARGE or CONSPIRACY.--In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Wednesday, a case interesting to trades unions was heard. It was a writ of error upon a judgment on an indictment for a conspiracy of workmen against their em ployers. There were twenty-four counts in the indictment, most of them referring to the breach of the men's club rules and regulations. The jury found a verdict of Guilty, with four months' imprisonment. The main ground of the writ of error was that the Act only applied to intimi dation of workmen. The court gave judgment for the Crown, supporting the judgment of the court below. THE CORONER POR WEST MIDDLESEX.—The tedious legal proceedings in reference to the coronership for the western division of Middlesex were forwarded a stage on Wednesday in the Court of Queen's Bench. A demurrer, on the part of the " Crown v. Diplock," raised the ques tion whether the proclamation by the sheriff in his county court—that Dr. Diplock was duly elected—was a judicial act which could not be impeached by a quo warranto. The court were of opinion that the sheriff exercised judicial functions, and gave judgment for the defendant, the coroner. THE CIRCULAR DELIVERY COMPANY.—In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Wednesday, an appeal was heard from the Circular Delivery Company against a conviction for an infringement of the Post Office Act. The company was formed for the purpose of distributing trade circulars and other printed matter for a farthing per copy, and the Solicitor-General argued that this was a contravention of the Post Office Act. The court confirmed the conviction, saying it was clear that the company undertook to do for a farthing what the Post Office would do for a penny. The company was expressly incorporated to carry on an unlawful business. They might be carriers of goods or packages, but not of letters. The case was too clear for argument. THE Du OF NEWCASTLE.—In the Judges' Chambers, on Wednesday, there were two interpleader applications on the part of the Sheriff of Middlesex. Executions had been levied at the mansion of the Duke of Newcastle, in Carlton House-terrace, at the suit of Mr. Padwick for £95,000, and at the suit of Mr. Beyfus for a further sum. The property on the premises, left by the late Duke of Newcastle, in which the present Duke had only a life interest, was claimed on behalf of the trustees under the will, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone and Lord de Tabley. Some other property was claimed by Mrs. Hope, the mother of the Duchess. The sheriff bad obtained two summonses, and the matter came before Mr. Baron Martin, at Chambers. He said it was clear the Duke had only a life interest in the property, and allowed the claim of the trustees, and ordered that the sheriff should withdraw as to that property, giving time for the production of evidence as to the other property before he made an order. SUMMONS FOR CONSPIRACY.-Mr. Rigby Wason, late M.P. for Ipswich, applied at Marlborough-street Police court fora summons against Earl Russell, Lord Chehnsford, and the Lord Chief Baron for conspiracy. lie complains that Lord Russell presented his petition to the House of Lords in which he made a serious charte against the Chief Baron, but the noble lord did not approve of the petition, and in the debate which followed he spoke in the Chief Baron's favour. The same complaint was made against Lord Chelmsford. Mr. Wason desired that the noble lords, in conjunction with Sir F. Kelly, should be charged with conspiracy to defeat the ends of justice. The magis trate refused the application, but at Mr. Wason's request bound him over to prosecute the charge at the Old Bailey. WALT WHITMAN.—WaIt Whitman, the Ameri can poet, completed his fiftieth year on the last day of May. He occupies a third-class clerkship in the Attorney- General's office, at Washington. A jourrud of that city describes him as "a robust figure, six feet high, costumed in blue or grey, with drab hat, broad shirt collar, grey white beard full and curly, face like a red apple, blue eyes, and a look of animal health more indicative of htinting or boating than the department office or author's desk." Mr. Whitman is about to publish a revised edition of his poems, &Ming some new ones on religious themes. lie will also publish during the summer a prose work entitled "Demo. crat:c Vistas." THE PATENT Liws.—The patent laws serve one purpose at least—they provide salaries for the law officers of the Crown. It is estimated that in the current year fees amounting to more than £12,000 will be paid to the English Attorney-General and Solicitor-General for examining and passing patents, and more than 1,000 guineas to their clerks, C:;,-150 will also be payable to the Scottish and Irish law officers and their clerks, as com• pensation for their not being now allowed a share of the • spoil. The salaries of the clerks in the Patent Office, and payments to gentlemen who abridge spe,tifications of patents at 7s. each, will absorb ilO,OOO in the year ; and £19,000 will be devoted to printing and drawings tc explain patent.. • :414PELLANE0 US LYE TS,- - I.OIID Great things vp - ere expected of Lord Westbury in the way of Cave-leader in the Upper House. But he has disappointed expectation by " seeing the error of his ways," and retiring from the proposed alliance. The London correspondent of the Manchester Guardian says of him "The perfectly impartial disdain with which he treats the remonstrances and menaces of clubs and coteries is infinitely amusing. He quite realises and accepts his position, and talks and laughs about it with ineffable complacency. When he sat down the other night after uttering some sarcastic comments on the policy of his Whig friends, one of them is said to have turned round to him and audibly whispered, say, don't you think as their new man opposite does not seem to do very well, there might be an opening in that quarter just now ? " I do not see how a man could offer himself who would pot con descend to ask for a character from his last place,' was the scornful reply." ARCHDEACON DENISON ON THE SITUATION. The Archdeacon of Taunton is very irate. The Standard, as we have already mentioned, has coun selled moderation. But the venerable Archdeacon does not like this. He thinks it very sad that the leading Conservative newspaper is giving way. It is only (he pathetically declares) another instance of the old truth that the heaviest blows inflicted upon the Church are those from within. And then waxing indignant, he exclaims, " Compromise in politics is not very respectable ; in religion it is to dishonour God and to rob God." In the course of his letter he gives his reasons for asking the Lords to reject the bill. He declares that the great functions of the House are to main tain principles and to prevent hasty legislation. If they do not throw out the bill they will do neither, they will allow to be taken from the Church " what is her own inalienably by gift of God." Does Arch deacon Denison then think it right for the House to set its appreciation of principles—for he must admit there are other opinions than his own honestly formed on the subject—against the principles unmistakeably laid down by the country ? And does he consider legislation hasty which has occupied the public mind during two sessions, and on which two Parliaments have pronounced their opinions ? ANOTHER PEER ON THE IRISH CHURCH. The unwillingness of most of the noble opponents of the Irish Church Bill, who are not official, to throw out the measure in the Lords, is very marked. Every day gives evidence against that course being taken. Peer after peer has announced his intention of allowing the passage of the bill. To the number must now be added the Earl of Dartrey. He was invited by the Defence Association of Monaghan to join a deputation to London, for the purpose of asking the Lords to reject the bill. His reply gives the same reasons as those urged by the Marquis of Lothian why the Upper House should not refuse to endorse the policy of the House of Commons : "I think it would not be wise of the House of Lords to reject a measure the principle of which has •not only been affirmed by large majorities of the House of Commons in two successive Parliaments, but also has been submitted to the deliberate judgment of the constituencies of the empire. The answer to the appeal made to the country at the last election is, in my opinion, so decisive that the House of Lords cannot repeat the course which it took with respect to the Suspensory Bill last year ; and if a division should take place on the second reading, I must candidly state that, however much I may dislike the measure, I should feel it my duty to give a vote in favour of it. 1 may also add my decided opinion that no action of the House of Lords can save the Irish Church ; if the measure was now rejected it would be returned again next year, but with terms more unfavourable to our interests than those embodied in the present bill, and experience shews that ultimately the House of Lords must yield." It is stated that this letter, added to the coolness of Lord Cairns in the same direction, and the general feeling among the whilom " pillars of the State Church" that the bill ought to be allowed to become law, has made the Monaghan Churchmen furious. THE IRISH PEERAGE. Attention is again called to the Irish peerage by a fetter from Viscount Southwell, an Irish peer, to the Earl of Bantry. The Earl wrote to the Viscount in this wise :—" I have been selected at the meeting of Irish peers, held at the Duke of Abercorn's, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lord Wicklow May I request your lordship's vote ?" To which the Viscount replies that it is a mockery to ask his vote when the Earl himself says he has already been selected. The election of Irish peers, Lord Southwell goes on to say, is a sham. The " represen tatives" are all chosen by a prior public meeting, and are usually nominated by one man. Some time since the Duke of Wellington was 'he nominator, the Earl of Derby has since had the privilege, and now the election is conducted at the Duke of Abercorn's. I (says his lordship) " / desire to see the representative peerage of Ireland reflect in some degree the opinions of the great majority of the Irish people ; until it does so it can never attract V: respect and confidence which the English peerage enjoys in England. While the elections to the Irish representative peerage are so managed as to exclude from them any true representative quality, I must be excused for declining to take any part in them." EARL SPENCER. The second rumour about Earl Spencer's resigna tion turns out to be no better founded than the first. Really the Lord-Lieutenant must not continue to pay his household bills weekly, or we shall be one day having a Ministerial crisis, and a grand smash-up of the Liberal party, without their knowing any thing at all about it. A NEW PEER. Mr. Gladstone is about to make his second peer. His first was an eminent lawyer. Sir James Wilde, created Baron Penzance, purely for legal merits. The second is an Irish landowner and political adherent. Colonel Greville-Nugent, is descended from a younger branch of the Earl of Warwick's family, and was married to the only daughter of the present Marquis of Westmeath, a very strong opponent of the Irish Church Bill. Colonel Nugent is 48 years old. He was first returned for Longford County in 1852. He has been returned for the same constituency ever since, and on every occasion, except on e , w ith out a contest. On that occasion (1857) he won an easy victory over the Conservative candidate, the Hon. Captain Forbes. Colonel Nugent is an advanc e d Liberal, being in favour of tenant-right and the abolition of the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill ; and is, in fact, the very antithesis to his father-in-law. Government will find it more easy to carry their candidate for Longford county than they found it seven years agl when Lord Palmerston's Irish Lord of the Treasury, Captain White, was ignominiously beaten by Major O'Reilly. DIPLOMATIC GOSSIP. The Owl understands that inquiries are likely to be made as to the disposal of the secret service money annually placed at the disposal of our Foreign Secretary. The amount is no less than £30,000. Earl Russell, when he presided at the Foreign Office, always refused to employ the money in obtaining information surreptitiously at foreign courts. Some portion of the fund is allotted to the payment of pensions not provided for by Act of Parliament. Other gratuities are given to officials already amply provided for, in vio lation of constitutional rule. The Owl hopes that this last relic of official corruption will soon be exploded, as the Bureau Noir which formerly existed Qt the Post Office lately was. Two diplomatic posts are now at the disposal of the Earl of Clarendon—that of Minister to Spain, vacant by the resignation of Sir John Crampton. and that of charg'i d'straires to the republic of Venezuela, vacant by the death of Mr. Fagan. In both instances the gentlemen appointed should understand finance, for both countries owe us money which they are rather slow to pay. POSTAGE OF NEWSPAPERS. According to the Owl, the Post-office authorities have made up their mind to reduce the postage upon newspapers to one halfpenny, and are now making inquiries in order to give effect in the ensuing year to the generally-expressed wish of the House of Commons. MR. LOWE AND "FIVE QUARTERS." Mr. Lowe is a misunderstood man. He contends that practically he is right in saying that a man may pay five quarters income tax in one year, although Mr. Hunt can't see it. Writing to the Times, the Chancellor of the Exchequer says:— " Wherever four quarterly payments are made, you may, by adding a single day to the yea r , w hi c h i s no practical increase of burden, make out that five quarters are paid within the year. Indeed, if a man paid the last quarter of his income-tax on the 20th of April, 1868, and on the 19th of April, 1869, which may very well happen, he would under the present sys tem pay literally, and not merely substantially, five quarters in a year. If it is a hardship, that hardship exists under the present plan ; if it is no hardship, it is no charge against me. The proper way to look at the case is to leave out of the question the payment in April 1869, which is for a past year, and must be made under either system, the old or the new, and com pare them from that date. Suppose a man has £2O income tax to pay. On the old system lie will pay £lO in October, 1869 • 25 in January 1870 ; 45 in April 1870—total, £2O. On the new system he will pay £2O in .January 1870. Compare the two. By the new plan he gains the use of I:10 from October to January, and loses the use of £5 from January to April ; and so lie gains the use of or interest on £s—that is, one quarter's income tax—for three months. how, then, can it be truly said that the new plan is more burdensome to the taxpayer than the old? On the contrary, it is evidently a relief, in spite of the payment of five quarters of income tax in the year." MR. D ISR AELI'S ECCL ESIA STIC AL APPOINTMENTS. Mr. Disraeli presented some of his favourite clergy rnru to the Prince of Wales at the iev(e on Tuesday; that is to say he introduced to several of the ecclesiastics lihom he promoted during his tenure of office. These included the Very Rev. Dr. 11. L. 3lansel, Dean of St. Paul's; the Right. Rev. Dr. Magee, Bi s hop of Peterborough; the Rev. Dr. Bright, Canon of Christ Church, and Regius Pro- Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Oxford ; and the Rev. Dr. F. K. Leighton, Warden of All Souls College, Oxford, Canon of Westminster Tilt StTN, LONDON, -THURSDAY EVENING, -JITNE 8, 1569. Apbl7. eitner .tne Are noiS:iop o: nre7nu ry nUr the Bishop cf London, both-of .whcan Mr. Disraeli nominated, was present at the fete. Er. Hatchard, who was appointed to the Bistiovi-J of Mauritius during Mr. Disraeh's tenure of office, was introduced by the Duke of . Buckingham, who was at the time Secretary of State for the Colonies. EMIGRATION. Some statistics of emigration have already been published: - The Liverpool Mercury publishes some further figures. From these it appears that 27,000 persons left Liverpool during the month just expired, and these chiefly took passages for the United States. • their•ilifluefice with free thought awl free action libcity to the extent c(mpatible with good government. Two such con flicting motives must clash in the event of both at taining their objects ; and if Russia could succeed in securing a dominant influence in the East and the Republic in the West, the material would be prepared for a great conflagration. But these are the mere conjectures of the future, while the Diplo matic &view deals with the present and the imme diate past. It is clear that as a grain-growing country Russia is the competitor of the great Prairie States, and it is towards these States that political power in America gravitates. What Russia requires, to produce grain enough to feed Western Europe, is cheap carriage. If she can get Western Europe to construct her railways from her ports through her corn-producing provinces, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and lowa will be brought face to face with a powerful competitor. The full meaning of this cannot be realised at a glance, but its influence is the most hostile of all things to the progress of the United States. It implies the cessation of emigra tion to America ; it implies cheap labour for the manufactures of IVestern Europe ; it strikes then simultaneously both at the Atlantic States and at the Western States, hitting indirectly at the manu facturers of the one, and directly at the farmers and settlement of the other. The Government of Russia is the most profound in the world ; no sentiment there obtains a place, for that powerful nation is ruled on the sole principles of self-interest, broadly as regards the empire, narrowly as regards the dynasty. To play the two sections of the Anglo- Saxon people against each other is no difficult mat ter, although when glanced at by an outsider, hav ing no interest in the little game, the folly of the race might appear incredible in permitting it. Two kindred people, having a language and literature in common, laws based on the same code, the same re ligion, and professing much the same principles of liberty, having identical commercial interests, agree to neutralise each other while played on by a country essentially differing from both, but radi ally opposed in politics, and competing in com merce with that one of the two whom Russia has artfully persuaded is its dearest friend and ally, while in truth it has a commercial interest in the welfare of the other. It is time for Americans to consider wherein the progress of the United States and of Russia run in the same groove. Surely the rlliance is not based on Russia being a big country ; on Russia having a " manifest destiny ;" or because Russia hates England ? Indeed, the more closely the subject is investigated, the more difficult will be found the search to discover t he reason for the roman tic attachment professed by Republicans for a great and wise but despotic power, having everything in °PP°Eition, but nothing in common. The views so hostile to Russia of the Diplomatic l?eriew we re produce, but do not endorse. What the writer says is that the Autocrat has skilfully committed England into signing the Declaration of Paris not to at tack her trade in case of war, while not only has the Republic declined to join, but its freedom thereby acquired has been indefinitely increased by the fatal precedent established by England against herself in the cruise of the Alabama, giving the only nation she fears at sea the greatest latitude to prey on her commerce, while she remains defenceless being hound by the Paris Declaration not thus to pro tect herself against the military powers. If it were net that both the principles and interests of the American Republic are, in truth, opposed to those of the Russian Empire, the position into which Eng lish statesmen have allowed England to drift would be such as to furnish little .encouragement to the upholders of - representative Government. It is painful to record that what has already been accom plished by the leading exemplars of that system against each other, as well as the chaos which reigns in all the other Republics of America, might form the best arguments yet furnished for despots and oligarchies. Nor can it be gratifying to Re publicans to find that in the great debate in the Cortes on the question of a Republic versus a Monarchy for Spain, that America did furnish powerful arguments adverse to the Republican form of Government ; but we propose next week to allude more fully to this subject. 4a4aling tho—saiv-dust within, and danced it be : fore the peorle as the bantling the country desired • to nurs,?. \On the other hand, it showed them their • real grievance and the 'remedy, bidding them in words of wisdom, seek that in equity and fairness. Nowpeople do not like to be rudely stripped of their hallucinations. - When IsArAH told Israel, in • the language of sarcasm, what contemptible bits of wood were the idols set up to worship, doubtless he bitterly offended many, for though truth pays in the end, honesty is not at the beginning the best policy. The attitude of the New York Nation, in the face of the present difficulty, is in a small way like that of the Spectator during the Civil 'War ; but we consider the New York paper to argue even more under the guidance of pure reason and untainted by prejudice. The effect has doubtless been very considerable, for false position after false position had all its fortifications demolished and the garrison left bare. It is at such a juncture that a paper so conducted is peculiarly valuable, for its arguments reach the leaders of its party, and they rule at Washington. No men, not so blinded by prejudice as to be unable to see the force of its reasoning, could fail to be influenced, and it will be found that both countries in the end will owe no small debt of gratitude to that most able and most un biassed of papers. Several others in the American metropolis might be quoted as arguing the question with less of temper and more of judgment than those of the English metropolis, the New York Times and the Evening Post setting a good example. The New England papers are perhaps the most bitter ; the 'Western are too busy discussing farms, pro duce, merchandi se , an d f ree trade, to take so deep an interest in it, and the Southern are almost indif- ' ferent. It was the ships of Maine, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York which were de stroyed. A predominating marine gives importance to these Atlantic States, therefore their interests in the question are far more important and direet,.while the 'Western view is towards its sentimental aspect as connected with an element of which they know little. In the South the position is peculiar, and this fact should not be overlooked in New England. There are no enemies aYankee has who hate him with such intensity as certain Southerners, of whom we will take Admiral SEMMES as the exponent. The war was the expression of this feeling against the black Republicanism and Puritanism of New Eng land. It was SEMMES who manned, armed, com manded the Alabama, and through her was enabled to give so deadly an expression to his hostility. His book lately published shows unmistakeably what that feeling now is, and we can imagine the intense delight and satisfaction with which be regarded SUMNER'S speech and England's reply. " This arm may be paralysed," he says, "but its acts still live, and work vigorously for the lost cause. I will not have commanded that ship in vain if through her means I have placed a barrier between New England and Old England, and charged mines destined to re kindle the flames of war against the party who have ruined, subjugated, and enslaved us." New Eng land then in handling the claims, so as to convince Old England they are used only as a pretext for war and an expression of undying enmity, is playing Admiral SEMMES'S game, doubtless to his extreme satisfaction, and those who think with him. It gratifies Catholicism, the next most bitter enemy of Puritanism, only in a lesser degree. Hence New England, in leading in this hostile expression of feel ing towards England, does exactly what her most bitter enemies desire. The people begin to see this, and in consequence the press has changed in tone, and there is nothing more distinctly announced in that section of the Union than the determina tion of America to preserve the peace. As we before observed, the West gives the matter little thought, and the South is indifferent ; therefore according to our summing up this is the tone now prevailing in America. The hatred which found vent in Eng land against the Federals shortly after the outbreak of the Confederate war hurt the North beyond cure. That sentiment found a tangible grievance in the depredations of the cruisers. Mr. JOHNSON was sent to England to adjust the difference, and to express the deep sense of injury felt by the people. He did exactly the reverse, and in doing so goaded his countrymen into extreme irritation. That irritation found vent in tearing up the result of his work, • and still more in the phil- 1 lipic of a leading Senator against England. Itntne diwely after the nation cooled down with a sensa tion of relief, and some of its learned and wise men began to examine Mr. SUMNER'S arguments. How ever fairly expressing the irritation of the moment, they were found on examination to be little calcu lated to uphold the demands, and the people now appear to look on with indifference at their dissec tion. Where the speech really struck hard was in England, where it has probably checked for many , a day the then growing tendency of the people to draw towards their American cousins.—Anglo-Ame- rican Tzntes. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. Mr. Gilpin has been cheated out of his due. He has been canvassing and enforcing the need for the abolition of capital punishment. He has brought in a bill on the subject, and fixed last night for its second reading. Now the Queen's birthday has intervened, the House has adjourned, and the member for Northampton finds himself by cruel fate for the present prevented from stopping what he believes to be " judicial murders." Moreover, busi ness is so pressing that Mr. Gilpin's motion is likely to be suspended for some time. AMDISSION OF WOMEN TO DEGREES IN MEDICINE, Dr. Drysdale, a member of the Royal College of Physicians, has written to the Star respecting the admission of women to the medical profession. A short time ago he asked the permission of the British Medical Association to inaugurate a discussion on the subject, but the council unanimously decided that such a discussion was inexpedient. Dr. Drysdale from this concludes that most of his medical brethren in London are against the introduction of women into the ranks of medicine, but he believes they will eventually alter their opinion. Dr. Drysdale has failed in attempting to secure medical experience for lady students, the ladies who were attending the Farringdon Dispensary and the Metropolitan Free Hospital being refused permission to continue their tteudances. He has, therefore, advised his lady friends to get up a hospital or dis pensary of their own, where they can obtain prac tical experience. In many parts of the Continent and in America women can obtain medical degrees. RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN PRUSSIA. A letter published in one of the Berlin papers shews that the doctrine of religious liberty is somewhat oddly interpreted in Prussia. The writer states that about the month of September last he had the happiness of becoming a parent. Objecting to baptism, he resolved that his infant should not be baptised. His objections were so strong that he quitted the Church of which he was a member ; for the Prussian law prescribes that Christian parents cannot deprive their infants of baptism. But the Church Consistory interfered, objecting that the father was a Christian at the time that his child was born, and that, therefore, the law applied to his case. A law court decided the question in favour of the Consistory. It was ordained that the child should be baptised as soon as the court had appointed a guardian. Shortly afterwards a perfect stranger presented himself at' . the house of the parent, stating that he had been appointed guardian, and that he was come to exercise the rights which the law conferred upon him. The father refused to admit him, and he now writes to the Berlin paper, stating that he will preserve the inviolability of his home against all comers, CLETAN REF UGEES. The work of conveying back to their native land the Cretans who sought refuge in Greece is completely finished. The Turkish Government has discharged the ships which it had engaged for the purpose. No Cretans remain in Greece except a certain number who have resolved to settle in the country, and these. it is said, amount to not fewer than four thousand. RUSSIA, ENGLAND, AND AMERICA. (From the Anglo-American Times.) If the Baltinzore American is to be relied on, the conduct of the American Minister at Constantinople does not meet the approval of the Washington Go vernment, and this indicates a change in the policy of that Cabinet. In the last number of the Diplo matic Review a mysterious letter appears without address or signature, but evidently from the United States to Constantinople. The writer alludes to the thanks the person he addresses has earned from the Emperor of RUSSIA. Granting everything that can be said against the Turks and everything that can be said in favour of the Greeks, he asks, " Is it your business to meddle therein ?" Allowing that it is, he continues, " In whose interest are you work ing, in that of the United States or of Russia ?" which be answers by showing that there is nothing Russia designs against the Ottoman empire that she does not design against the United States—adding if the commercial statistics be consulted it would Le found that it was the Muscovitewho made the pro fits, while the Americans were cutting each other's throats—hence his reward should come from the EM rEr,on. In an article in the March number of the Diplomatic Review on " Russia, England, and the United States," the relations of these countries are viewed from a point widely differing from that taken in America. The writer briefly and truth fully reviews the complications, in which England has become entangled through the folly of her statesmen, from the Declaration of Paris ,regarding privateers down to the rejection of the Alabama Convention by the United States Senate. At the bottom of these difficulties was the late Lord PALMERSTON, and the Review asserts that it was by the secret influence of Russian diplomacy that he was originally placed in power. Au investigation into the perfidies and crimes of the last thirty-eight years would prove that whatever has been done in that period was due to Lord PAL3IERSTON alone, and the key to any passing event must even yet be looked for in what he had prepared. After showing that " nothing was wanting which human ingenuity, if free to act, could have devised to render flagrant the discomfiture, the dishonour and the powerlessness of England," the writer turns to " an infatuation" in the United States scarcely less. The ground of American confidence, if stripped of phrases and of passion, is merely the bond England gave to Russia in the Declaration of Paris not to attack her enemy's trade. Ameri cans believe Russia to be their zealous friend and England's foe; but the writer asserts them therein to be entirely mistaken, and his reasons for this we desire to lay before our readers : " The emotions of Russia's mind have reference to her interests, and, judged by these, Russia loves England and bates the United States. She loves the one with all the ction which present well-being and future hopes can prompt, and hates the other with all th 3 virulence that the fear of ruin can suggest. "In England Russia sees a customer ; in the United States she sees a rival. In the first she sees a docile in strument ; in the last a hard and grasping freebooter from the moment her turn is served. Without the wealth of England and her prosperity Rucoip ~voul, l hwvo littl. c.ll, and no revenue to support her army or carry on her system. "In the growth of the exports from the United States Russia sees utter and irredeemable ruin—a ruin that would have already overtaken her but for the fortunate internal convulsion (inexplicable to all but herself) of 1861, when already not only the grain, but the very tallow, of the Western States were driving her's from the markets of Europe. "Russia must therefore have at heart the prosperity of England as the object of desire second only to that of the destruction of the United States. " This is a position which is fundamental. No questions of passion agitate leer mind, no matters of passing policy can interfere with a course dictated by the nature of cir c u m i, t e a t n t c h e e s , m which b e to d h e c e e r i are a by n e w c e h s a s t i t a y p o p e f a e r x s i s o t n e n c e. the sur face in their intercourse with St. Petersburg, and the op ponent action of Russia as directed against England. Russia, of course, desires to bind England down, so that she shall be secured against the possibility of her ever employing her maritime power against her; but this point attained to, and attained to through the instrumentality of the United States, then will she desire to see England flourishing ; a slave, it is true, but, prosperous in trade and abounding in bank• notes, whilst by the very means thiough which the United States will have muzzled Eng land, namely, the ambition and the passions that will have been aroused, that country will become the theatre of in ternal convulsions. Thus will she preserve in England her commercial friend, and destroy in the United States her dangerous competitor." Nor is it po=sible to disguise the strength of the Review's position. There never were two countries, between whom a sentimental friendship was got up, more at variauce in principles and institutions and having interests eventually, if not at present, more diverse, than Russia and the United States. That most despotic of Governments has a "Mani fest Destiny" as well as the Republic —a supersti tion, even a religion, rather than a sentiment, with Russians. Her " manifest destiny" is to rule by the force of battalions and guns ; by trampling out free thought and free action, dominating the world by Edicts. The United States conceive a rule the reverse of this, and limit it only to the Northern Continent of Anicrica. What Americans propose when their power becomes overv4ichning is to cast THE FIXLING I,V AMERICA. On the whole we incline to the opinion that the American press, often so insolently condemned by " rowdy" English papers, is more moderate in its tone in di-cussing such questions as the Alabama dif- ficulty than the press of England. In estimating the difference it would be unfair to leave out of the calculation that America is the wronged country; the sufferers in wounded pride, in irritated sensibilities, as well as in material loss, being the Americans. Against this England can advance that the iguor- ance of the nation on American affairs was taken advantage of to mislead it at the commencement of the war ; that while the Confederates lost no op portunity of biassing English sentiment toward: them, the North took no steps on the other side ; that a revulsion of feeling has been the consequence of the more accurate knowledge of American affairs gained by the war; and that on becoming convinced of the wrong done to the North through the negli gence of the Government, England offered to refer the matter for reparation. The English can aid with truth that the Minister selected by the PRESI DENT, unanimously sanctioned by the Senate, and instructed by a Secretary of State long in office, concluded a Convention on his own terms with their Government, which was received with contempt by the new Administration and rejected with but a dissentient voice by the Senate who sent him to England. if America has cause for anger she has at least acted with an inconsistency sufficient to annoy JOHN BULL. The question which has already used the produce of a paper mill to discuss, has now arrived at the utterly unintelligable stage whence there must be a fresh departure, for no two Ameri can statesmen are agreed as to what the kernel of the injury was, or what the reparation should be. America fretted at Mr. REVERDY JOHN SON'S unwarrantable course in England, tore up his Convention and stamped on it, justifying the act by a fresh indictment against England, through the lips of one of her most powerful ora tors. This England interprets as a challenge to mortal combat, as a proof that nothing England ca❑ do either in payment nr in apology can satisfy Lust,tuu whose demands rise with concession. Hence the argument adopted by a section of Eng lish journals that in conciliation England is on the wrong tack, that the country must assert its man hood at all hazards, and arm to fight. America sees JOHN BULL buckling on his armour with sur prise, the very idea of war being hateful to her, with all its horrors in fresh recollection, and this is the position which meets the new Minister on his reaching the Court of St. James's. At such a juncture the tone of the press may be watched with more than ordinary interest, and will doubtless fur nish a study for foreign statesmen as noticed in our previous article. The most absolutely impartial journal, under the circumstances, is unquestionably to be found in New York, and to the honour of the Republicans that journal is a leading organ of the ruling party. While the Nation is thoroughly American, and while deeply impressed with the sense of the wrong done by England, no other paper has so resolutely and skilfully put aside " flummery," blown away froth, cut through tangled matter, always keeping before its reader the true injury and the true redress. We are convinced that any en- lightened foreigner, alike indifferent to both sides, would state that the views of the Nation were his views forcibly expressed, and those destined to guide, if reason prevails, in arriving at a conclu sion. To give the Nation its fair meed of credit the circumstances under which it writes must be understood. Preceding the delivery of Mr. SUM NEWS oration, Mr. REVERDY JOHNSON had gra dually heated irritation in America up to the boil ing point, and it took that most difficult and dan gerous of forms —sentiment. Nothing is easier than to catch the popular feeling, to dilate thereon, to sell copies ly the thousand, to be a great national journal havirg a magnetic influence, and expressing in thefineA language public opinion. This is what Mr. SMNER did ; but what the Nation did, though belcnging to the same party, was exactly the reverse. It took his grand squeaking doll, stripped it of all its fine clothing, ripped it open, W ASHING 7ON CITY. Perhaps Washington more than any other city I owes its existence to a theory. It was not like St. Petersburgh, or like Alexandria, founded by a des potic will for good and sufficient reasons (however unknown to the inhabitants) of situation, of national requirements, for political considerations, as well as of commercial advantages. Nor is it even like Pe king, which in some respects it resembles. Both are simply Government towns of Boards, Bureaux, appointments, examinations, reports ; of office seekers and office-holders, free from every taint of commerce, but the centres, we imagine, of no small amount of intrigue. Why the site was selected no one knows, but George Washington himself chose the spot and planned the city, laying the stone of the old Capitol in 1793. The commercial centres of the emancipated colonies were too jealous of each other, as - a as the case lately in Canada, to per mit the selection from any one of them of the seat of Government, and the plan of a Federal Union was hostile to the influence which a great city of that Union could not fail to exert in case the Exe cutive were located there. Three thousand and sixteen acres were set apart for the seat of Govern ment on the left bank of the Potomac, between Rock River and Eastern Branch, 300 miles from the sea, extending 4i miles north-west and south-east, and 2i east and south. It will readily be believed that a poor thinly peopled country extending over a vast space would not quickly fill up the ample bounds of a city within which there was no par ticular inducement for citizens tosettle without trade and without manufactures. There were a few great buildings and monuments, some very long and very wide streets, and vast spaces yawning between which induced the Portuguese Minister, Abbe Corea de Serra, to apply to it a name which has become famous, " The City of Magnificent Distances." In 1814 the British burnt the Capitol with the Presi dent's house and library of Congress, one of those wise acts which have so much tended to establish the brotherly feeling known to be cherished between the kinsmen, Jonathan and Bull. Although it was re built shortly after, it was not till 1851 that the grand edifice now called the Capitol was commenced, the foundation-stone being laid by President Philli more. It stands on 30 acres, in the centre of the city, elevated so as to command an extensive view, and enclosed by an iron fence. The building covers an area of 4i acres ; and the park around, tastefully laid out, and beautifully kept, forms a delightful promenade, adorned with fountains and groups of statuary. From this park branch ten of the greatest streets ; _Pennsylvania Avenue, which runs from Rock Creek to Eastern branch, being inter sected by it. That avenue is perhaps the broadest street in the world, at least for a mile and a half of its four, being 160 feet broad between the Capitol and the White House, shaded by rows of trees. avenues are called after the Stat es in tow sy a i r v d a s ni w a, h l i h the they point ; the lon test being the Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and the Virginia. With the excep tion of the Avenues, the streets from 70 to 100 feet in breadth, cross each other at right angles, n ning north and sout'a, east an d west. The Execu tiveru- Mansion is eitunted in the centre of an area of 20 acres, adorned as is the Capitol with gardens and shrubberies. The .Pennsylvania Avenue leads straight from the grotteds of the Capitol to those of the White House, whivh is a two storeyed build: ing of white freesterue, with lonic pil as t ers , crow n e d with a balustrade, There is a lofty portico on the north front, and in a small square bele..e, a bronze statuo, of Jefferson, while in Lafay ette 73quare adjoining, is an equestrian statue of Jacl - The Mansion is 170 feet long and _6 feet deep, but within the same enclosure are some of the buildings of the State Department. On the eastern extremity is the Treasury, a stone edi fice, 459 feet long and 170 wide, with an imposing colonade of 42 lonic columns. In the north-west corner of the square is the War Office, and west of it is the Navy Department. The Patent Office is a magnificent building of stone, containing models of every machine patented in the United States, as well as a valuable collection of objects of natural history. The General Post Office is of white marble, in the Corinthian Order, 204 feet by 102, three storeys high. The number of the Executive Luildings is constantly increasing, and the great addition to the business of Government necessitates a consider able public expenditure in this way, which tends rapidly to add to the magnitude and imposing nature of these piles. The City Hall, the Hospital, and Gaol are near, and on the other side of the Capitol, and not far from the Navy-yard, are the barracks. The Capitol is of marble, also in the Corinthian style, presenting a facade of 751 feet, with handsome portico and lofty dome. Its Ro tunda is 95 feet in diameter and 145 feet high, from which a splendid view of the city and sur rounding country is obtained. The ground of the city is undulating, with an amphitheatre of well wooded hills. The " river of Swans," navigable up to but not higher than this city, swells broadly out, and dotted about are beautiful sites for villas and country seats. Beyond Rock Creek the lofty heights of Georgetown overlook the city, and there these villas are clustered. Adjoining Reservation No. 1, extending from the White House down to the river is a wide space; across a creek, called-The-Mall, whereon stand two buildings of great interest, the Washington Monument and the Smithsonian In stitute. Nothing yet built exceeds in height the Washington Monument, for from a circu lar colonnaded base, 250 feet in diameter and 100 feet high, springs an obelisk 70 feet thick and 500 feet high, making a total of 600 feet, being 100 higher than St. Peter's at Rome. Thirty massive columns surround the base, which is sur mounted by an entablature and balustrade, and in the centre is the tomb of Washington, while oppo site to the entrance is his statue. One of the most interesting buildings of Washington is the Smith sonian Institute, surrounded by beautiful gardens. It arose from the gift of an Englishman who be stowed an estate he inherited from the first Duke of Northumberland, his father, to found at Wash ington an establishment for the increase and diffu sion of knowledge among men. His mother was the heiress of the Ilungerfords of Audley, and the donor's words were—" This (the best blood of England) avails me nothing ; the man of science is of no country; the world is his country, and all men his countrymen." It is of red sandstone, in the Roman style, 450 feet long, and 140 wide, with 9 towers varying in height from 75 to 150 feet. Its lecture room can contain 2,000 persons, and its library 100,000 volumes. All this space it will require, for the number of its books, already large, is rapidly increasing. There is a president and twelve professors, including those of the National Medical College, under the same corporation. The bequest on which it was founded amounted to £lOO,OOO. Greenleafs Point is at the junction of the Potomac and Eastern Branch, and there stand the Arsenal and the Penitentiary. Almost at the other end of the town, towards Rock Creek, but on the river, is the National Observatory, ranking only after St. Petersburgh anid.Greenwich, and from-i-t- Ame rican geographers take their longitude. Up the Eastern Branch, on the other side from Greenleafs Point, is the Navy-Yard, while higher up still is a reservation, whereon is the Poor-house, Asylum square, and Marine Hospital-square. The Potomac is crossed by Long Bridge, which connects Jackson City and Maryland-avenue, leading up to the Capi tol. From Jackson city commences the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. The finest Church is an Episcopalian edifice called Trinity, on Third Street, but there are many other handsome and elaborate structures. The bequests and gifts of citizens greatly help the Government expenditure in de corating and adding to the attractions of Washing ton. Scarcely a fortnight has elapsed since Mr. V. 11. Corcoran, a rich retired banker of that city, executed a deed transferring his spacious and beauti ful building at the corner of Pennsylvania-avenue and Seventeenth-strut to be held in perpetuity as an Art Depository and Free Picture Gallery, to. gether with his large and splendid collection of pictures and works of art and back rents, which have accumulated for years, amounting to $lOO,OOO. The total value of the gift is said to be over $1,000,000, and it is to be supplemented hereafttr by an endowment of $300,000. No sooner was this munificent gift known than Mr. August Bel mont, of New York, authorised the trustees ap pointed by Mr. Corcoran to choose twelve pic tures from his very valuable collection for the new gallery, to be known as the Belmont contri bution. On the heights of Georgetown is a Convent of the Visitation, and near it the Bishop's residence. It has an ancient College, and a beautiful Cemetery called Oakhill. One of the finest struc tures is the splendid aqueduct, by which the water for the city is carried across the Potomac into Georgetown. All the grand hotels and boarding houses are on P ennsylvania-avenue. Though the District of Columbia was established as the perma nent seat of Government in 1791, composed of apiece of Maryland and a piece of Virginia (afterwards returned), comprised in a square of 10 miles on each side, or 100 square miles, the town was not begun till 1793, nor the Government removed from Philadelphia till 1800. For a long time it was a city of mud, magnificent distances, and magnifi cent pretensions. It was easy to call it the capital of a nation, but it was hard to make a city of it at all. The inhabitants were composed of office holders, office-seekers, and speculators in " real estate," and in less than two years after the re moval of the Government a proposition was made by Mr. Sloan, of New Jersey, to go back to Phila delphia and defeated in the House by only two votes. The state of society may be imagined, when he declared in his place that he had been threatened with assassination if he did not abandon hie motion. The investors in " real estate" did not fancy such an end as the reward of their patience, their time and energy being all expended in endeavouring to get appropriations out of the Treasury to build up the city. Early in its career it became a stronghold of slavery, and but for the slaveholding influence the project would have been carried of returning the Government to Philadelphia. So strong was the pro-slavery feeling that a prudent Abolitionist, unless urged by necessity, gave Washington a wide berth. This was the case up to the election of Lin coln, and during the civil war the principal inhabi tants were Southern in sentiment. They gloried in Southern triumphs, and though many were large owners of property in Washington, when the city was threatened by the rebel armies, they favoured its capture. The success of the South must have been the annihilation of Washington ; the success of the North makes it an important city; but the Southern sympathizers could not see this. Within eight years Washington has made a great stride, filling up gaps intersecting the wide views of space. The magni tude of the Governmental machinery followiiig the prodigious expediture during the war, and the cen tralization resulting from the defeat of the States Rights question, have tended to add to the import ance of a town now losing the characteristic sneer ingly given to it by the Portuguese, of " the city of magnificent distances." To-day its aspect differs vastly from what Tom Moore so truly wrote of it sixty-five years ago— " The embryo capital whore Fancy sees Squares in morasses, obelisks in trees." Washington is destined to be a great city unless the seat of Government be again removed, which he comes less and less probable with the increase of population and the enormous disbursements in manently establishing so vast a Government. It contains somewhere about 65,000 inhabitants with something under 15,000 in Georgetown, and , both enjoy the peculiarity of alternating from the most crowded to the moat empty of towns, now filled by an excited throng from basement to garret, now growing crops of grass in their deserted streets. SPIRIT OF THE AMERICAN PRESS. The semsa.tional caLle intelligence from London f 1 the New York Tribune gave rise to much comment's the American press, through causing little excite on the New York Stock Exchange, and but little more in Washington than a feeling of surprise, 80°11 followed by utte r i ncre d u lit y . Th e P u bli c Ledg er of Philadelphia expresses the general impression to an article on the 13th May, that the settled and de" dared policy of England under her wise and fe e ' seeing statesmen was to avoid such alliances, 1 01 , 16 showing that the l as t d e p ar t ure f rom thi s sound , American rule had not resulted to the interest ° I any one of the three named countries. When Grea 13ritain, France, and Spain combined to enforce e ° Nlexico the payment of her debts, Spain and Beg; land, after they h a d l an d e d, f oun d th at t h e tbit ° Power had other views, designing to overthrow th e existing Government, instituting instead a monarch! with a European Prince at its head. Upon th is England and Spain withdrew, and the represent's' tive of - Spain (General Prim) was not at all 1 1 served in his expression s as t o th e d ecep ti o n vlb ic , had been practised up on hi s G overnmen t. r11 1° ; roughly disgusted, the same General Prim, who bad tLen freely expressed that feeling, is not now likelf to have forgotten the affair, and it is he who heads the the Spanish Govern men t. Aft er argu i ng t hat stic b a course would be even less for the interest of the countries than of America the Ledger thus procee tll ; " There is no grou n d w h a t ever f or th e a ll ega tion ° General Grant's Administration is influenced by , filibe tering tendencies.' Efforts have been made in that dir er tion by certain restless spirits, but the only effect thi: have had upon the Ad m i n i s t ra ti on i s t o s h ow that eu e „ attempts are effectively resisted. Th e P res id en t and tie members of his Cabinet are aware, as the great maic,. ri ti of the thinking p eo pl e o f th e U n it e d S tates are awa re, tw' what the country wants most of all now is peace, CO/1 ' tinned peace, to repair the damages-of - a prolonged ' vsf and to dev e l o p e th e vast treasures of the country. dg t' 4 -3 the alleged alli ance , even if i t shall prove to be true ( a y% improbable thing), we see no reason why it should catih; a ripple of appreh e n s i o n h ere . It s ex i stence or its sPnce shOuld not, and we believe would not, change t ; straight course which our Government should pursue /- either of the matters upon which the alleged alliance Or ports to be based." The New York Nation, May 13, in two conseell' tive articles, exp'ains what is the use of iutern B. tional law, and what the waiting policy ineans. On the latter subject it observes—after e s• plaining much a s we did i n our l ast impression vill° the waiting policy meant—that " There are men—we read their letters and art every day—who gravely propound this plan as if it ly e t , one of the finest p ro d uc t s o f th e human mind...-. 0130 °f f or choicest offerings a c i v ili ze d peop l e cou ld l ay on the sk i t of humanity. W e k now it w ill never b e carr i e d o ut, v. ' s it is disheartening even to hear it talked of. War is a g re .j f evil, but it is not th e wors t o f ev il s. I t i s not neccss3rll altogether enervating or demoralizing. There aro virtue" and those not the least essential to national prosP eri t e which it che r i s h es : th ere are v i ces, and those among` most detestable, whi c h it ma k es od i ous. Some of t h e fit i ; characters the w or ld h as ever seen have been ni onlu e amidst its flames. But from b uccaneer i ng under a fo reig, 45 flag, as a means o f aveng i ng the wrongs of a first-els'o power, nothi n g can come b ut an i ncrease in the nurabeir and influenc e o f snea k s, gam bl ers, adventurers, an d f e te hers. To send an ambassador, or a minister of pe'l e° .4 arrange differences with Engl an d, w hil e conteniP l3t „ o such a mode of re d ress as thi s i n case the nego tiati°; failed, as some people would have us do, would he 15° % thing far worse tha n a d egra d at i on o f t h e d i p l oma tic s r t o it would be an offence against civilization. The civiP a remedy for national wrongs is war, carried on by orgsl o forces wearing uniform and carrying their countrys th jealous of its reputation, fighting, not to fill their Vi ck !, , but to leave th e i r c hild ren a h er i tage of great mei:O rl i:, Whenever the United St a tes p ro p oses a su bstitute f° r it will be, w e t rus t an d b e li eve, not bucca neeringt,'ded argument ; tot whole sa l e ro bb ery , b u t t h e s h oc k o f trs lll oo intellects b e f ore a tr ib una l , wh i ch we are sure will some day proince, whose integrity and learning ': g g be such as to enable rival nations to submit to its Ite e , l3l ' the most preci o us o f t h e i r possess i ons—their hono ur. The following is one of its notes of the week . 8 ,1 We have receiv e d f rom a fli ppant and light-tnill4 Conservative a speculation as to the precise position Alle Motley will occupy i n L on d on on his arrival, in mill et : l it says that when the F ore i gn S ecretary as k s Mr. g e "" b e e whom he represents, M r . M o tl ey w ill h ave to reply, (100 feeling of my country." "V ery we ll , " L or d Clare° 01 will say, "but Mr. R e v er d y J o h nson c l a i me d t o repreSe ir the soma thing, and wo accepted his term, proposed 13 0 thing, altered nothing, and changed nothing, but ).° Senate rej,ctod his work." To this Mr. Motley will r e : t join, that his pred e c essor represented only " the gt e't°' criminal of this or any oth er ago, " an d i n no way the c°„ ,7, 11 ; try at large. " Her e L or d Cl arendon, " says this shallyto sneerer, "will meet him by pointing to the unard ui° ll d confirmation of Mr. R ever d y J o h nson b y the Sena te, 10 will ask whom Mr. Ad ams represented, f or the ter,4 offered by Mr. Adams d i d no t diff er mater i a ll y f r om tliy , - 4 offered by Mr. John s o n ." M r . Motley will then sat , tl l, however that may be, he is himself the genuine ar tj „ ( l this time and no mistake, and re p resen t s our whole 7, undivided country, whereupon Clarendon will pull No r , copy of the Globe, a n d proce e d to r ea d passage s from " no , horse Chandler's speech, but Mr. M o tl ey w ill say "BD kum!" and pull out an o th er co py o f th e Gl o b e , and b e . f e a reading from Mr. Sumner's sp eec h as th e on ly authort; io , version, and the two diplomatists will be engaged in S , A to pute over the likelihood o f th e P res id ent ' s being ab-or get the Motley treaty ratified by the Senate, when th e- do r. vant will bring in the name of the Danish. amba o Clarendon will then smile ferociously, and Mr. Motl e y: i membering the St. Th omas b us i ness, and not lik ing t t S i will thrust his Globe int o hi s p oc k e t , an d as k to be -- le by the side door. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. -- Governor Jo - h p b ill Geary, of Pennsylv a ni a , re f use d hi s sanct i on to tij:,,ite• for the commutation o f th e d ea th pena lt y i n that P` - c i f Ile considered that it was unnecessary, as the laws air e ,: e j guarded against severity of punishment, but recog u i. l r a that the punishment o f d ea th oug ht t o b e inflicted Ws, it was absolutely necessary for the public safetY• oa tender were courts and juries of the lives of accused I ; ie , that it had become almost impossibl e t o o btain a n t)rj a by tion of murder in the first de g r ee . It was c ontend ( ' 0 high authorities that by the certainty, of punishmen t a set iS the laws can be enforced and society protected. wh ir• of legislation is opposed t o s oun d p o li c y, a s it is undo be able that so delicate and i m p or t an t a su bj ec t shou ld 0 0 exposed to the fluctuations of legisl a tive will, of should be in the hands alone of the highest Executiveo, a State. The act was calculated to deceive, as it or pears to provide for punishment for life, in Coo mutation of punishment, whereas the Governor O li o still pardon, oven after he had commuted, and ho, or B f , succeeding Governor, could open the door and let the derer go free. " The power of pardon stands upon $ ; " 0 , ferent ground altogether f rom the power of comaul tsl " ° It is the benevolence o f th e State to be bestowed by tlO Executive from the considerations of publics policy 0 °131 ,,,. times, from conside r ati ons o f pr i vate right, from oonsiden- '9 Lions of grace and mercy, b ut the power of commu tatic' of intended to be an exercise not of sovereign grace , bu t : so judici a l di scr i m i nat i on, b y tho Executive, whose ftluc-° are incompatible with its exercise." sna l ' l6 [AnvEßTlsEstENT.)—flenceforth • no cue will doubt the properties of Du Barry's health-restoring Revalenta Invalids' and Infants' F oo d , s i nce to the thousan d s of I, `" - A bee " it has already rec e i ve d f rom I nval i ds whose position 116- po pe' deemed hopeless, we may now add that of his Holiness the to cs whose health has been perf e ctly r es t ore d b y i t a ft e r thirty ye t 4, 11 unsuccessful medical treatment. We quote from the "GO_ goo Midi," July 25th :—" Rome, July 21, 1868. The health of tlr . „ o B' Father is excellent, especially since, abandoning all otheralreat dies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's B e ,: ra o ;i Arabica Food, of which he consumes a pl a teful at eve . 41,,14% It has produced a surprisingly beneficial effect ena his he? his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too hig 11 ' ) ;'216 , ,,% extract a few out ofmore than 68.000 cures : —Cure Nn• ""' pls." the Marchioness de Brehan, of seven years' liver noolooth wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nervous Plot ig; all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, and tile S t ort . 0 , tolerable nervous agitation. Cure No. 1.771 : Lord pe Decies, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' clY.';p6 9 ` o, No. 49,832: "Fifty years' indescribable agony front nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, fi atu lency. 2; 76 : sickness, and vomiting —Maria Joly " Cure No. 46. . d 101„, James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' disen s `,. spitting of blood, liver derangement, and pariial deafne,7 o thit s portant Caution—Beware of the many unsavoury and m liebi% sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron lb , name is most audaciously attached. s i In tins, at Is lid; Ilb 2s 9d; 21bs 4 8 6d 5 lbs lls „ 1 „roco,a 24 ibs 40s. - Also Du BARRY'S REVALENTA A R ABICA Cl o POWDER is packed in tin canisters : for 12 cu p s at sa tf° ,, ;ot at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at 6s, for 288 cups at 30s, r 576 c - ve —being about one penny per cup. The 30s and 55s tit ts ortier. a free of carriage in England on receipt of Post-Office,„, ; as BARRY Do BARRY and Co., No. 77 , R egent - stree t, Lon." all Grocers and Chemists. IRTITh. , (1 0 101 3 . 1 LEITH— On the 31st ult., B at Aberdeen, the wife 0 1 Disney Leith, of a daughter. et 1 i MASTER —On the Ist inst., at The Abbey, Cirencester, wife of Chester M aster, j un., Esq., of adaughter. MARRIAGES. BRODRICK—CHAPMAN —On the Ist inst., at S t. Ale c ' Arw: Chester-square, the lion. Henry Bredrick, son o f Urea count Middleton. t o Ali ce , d aug h ter o f Captain Chapman, of 00, Eaton-place. .„„ DEACON—ROCISSON —On the Ist inst., at Brig..„“--A mound Deacon, E sq ., o f G, S ussex -pl ac e, 11 P le-P ..-q, of Amy Hyde, fourth d aug hte r o f C. M. Robinson , Brighton. D ELITES. # V.l GIBSON—On the Ist i ns t., at 20, Half Moon -stree, Major-General Edgar Gibson, aged 80. Ricanno---On the Ist inst , at Bure Homage, Chris Alan Osman Ricardo (] ate of the Bth Hussars), pg%tov, WARR—On the let hi s t a t Loughborough -park, Br' Francis Warr, formerly of High Holborn, aged 82' • N T loytE W P ' London : Printed and Published •by WILLIAM A N - of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office, No. 112, 0 :, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Atid dleBQ-. Thursday, June 3, Plea • 1;C INA II This celebt prlzo Pure, 11 Sold in ]3ol he Agents in 8, GRI Observe the LL Whi TZ" E reliev rz E A Imps TIO Its each. EATI AIL Loi UTIT 14. Itt'SS-1 ADVANCES hold or T,,,fts Ole weeldv. r 4 ' ,, rir.s free o i t oym DIME' Mr IT \ Tiny Mr FIED Ai r nEcyrtg- NIT Miss EMMA lii sKA'(' f MACLAGA 114 A DA 13ako (of No' Avieli; mission, Is.; the morning ARGY] The extra or thn Sbarl, the electrie_: Pate in it, Seloci have had ii Most eztens celebrated C chef. Sianor positions of assigned to W. Graves. Thomas Pit, THE al Lune] for Thviling ORIGINAL B. P. Ilea Consignee celebrated r llordennx Whiskies, f also be seer number of 1 of others wa RCIENT ORNAI •-f and. sortment o licks, Inksl acc., in Ital shire Spar, TENN AN W. 0., Lou Mr: 'Pet;l AtTNERAT of Lyell's tote the : GEOLOG7 goineas eac PRACJT MINERAI 149, Stran THE Offices- The Inv Fire Rover] Tho mode' Bonus for value as render the leave is gr: thirty days NTATR Rich I:Tuder the i) wherehv Girls of tArl the Iclizioe The ()hielick • elocati, au , t Inundri wise Provie suitable aiti The Corn entirely sus OAlee, 121 SEAM] off Gr Naticna, Tho reci £Bi9 leas STTBSC: Williams, the Secret street, Lox Qua Mel Governor, B RIT A-P Mac] Patrol For the destitutA c and of a] prosperont One hui atitution ; Ineream endowed, ftssictanee Subserr Institutio] its pecnlin Thq las secretary. Offices, Banken lane ; and HEALTH 13, Cure : Fro m d ys flaful:.nc . of L)-,nn Cure :2 nervonst vo !s fen, Cure years dill Tho F Ib, 4R. an i eters 11-irry s I tla cards atiPs at ( about cn free of ca bAURY also at Grace' NeTf Nc