The Sun. — London, England, 1860-10-16 00:00:00

BENSON'S WATOIIES. " Perfection of inechaufaut."--31oraing Post. Gold Silver Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet, descrip tive of every construction of watch now made, with their prices. Watches sent to all parts of the kingdom free by post, or to India and the Colonies for ss. extra. 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London, B.C. Established 1749. 110YAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN —under the Management of Miss LOUISA FYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON, Sole Lessees.—THlS EVENING and TO-MORROW, LURLENE ; Messrs. H. Wharton, H. Corr', G. Kelley, and Mr. W. Harrison ; Miss Leffler, Miss Albertazzi, and Miss Louisa Pyne.—Conductor, Mr. Alfred Mellon. OVERTURE to ZAMPA after the Opera. DIVERTISSEMENT. Doors open at Seven. Com mence at Hall-past. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET, Lesisee, Mr. J. B. Bueketone. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with the new comedy, DOES HE LOVE ME ? Messrs. Howe, Chippendale. E. Villiers, and Buckstone ; Miss Amy Sedg wick, Miss Florence Haydon, and Mrs. Wilkins. Followed by a new comedy, entitled ROMANCE AND REALITY. Messrs. Chippendale, Howe, Rogers, W. Farren, and John Brougham ; Miss Florence Haydon; Mrs. Wilkins, and Mrs. E. ritzwilliam. And THE SUN AND THE WIND. By the Leelere4s. Commence at 7. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. Brilliant and decided success of the celebrated Comedienne, Miss Gougenheim, from the principal Theatres of America. THIS EVENING, and during the Week, the performances will commence with THE MIDDY ASHORE : Harry Halcyon, Miss Lydia Thompson. After which, a comedy, written by Dion Boucicau lt, Esq., eatitled THE IRISH HEIRESS. The new Scenery painted by Mr. William Callcott. Principal characters by Mr. George Vining, Mr. Henry Neville (his Bth appearance in Londo), Mr. John Rouse, Mr. Villiers, Mr. Lyon, Mr. IL Butler, Miss Kate Saville, Miss Hatton, and Miss Gougenheim (her Bth appearance in England). To conclude with the romantic drama of THE ABBE VATJDREITIL, in which the celebrated Dancers, the Misses Marie and Annie Collinson, vrill make their Bth appearance in London. The Abbe Vaudreuil, Madame Celeste. A DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. Sole PrOpTiCtOT and Manager, at. Bel* Webster. Great Success of the new Drama, by Dion Bourchault, Esq., The Colleen Barns'—Miss Agnes Robertson every even- ing. THIS EVENING, THE RIFLE CORPS. Messrs. W. Smith. D. Fisher, C. Selby, ]hiss Woolgar, Miss Kate Kelly, and sirs. Billington. Alter which, THE COLLEEN BAWN. D. Bourcicault, D. Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson. C. J. Smith, Romer. 3riss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley, To conclude with MUSIC BATH CHARMS. Mr. David Fisher. _ Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5. No charge for bookins. Private boxes, £2 gs. ; Family loxes, :61. Orchestra Stalls, as. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, Is. • Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, is. sd. ; Amphitheatre, 111 ; Gallery, 6d: Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.- Proprietor and Manager, MY. WM. BATTY. Immense success of Pitzball's new Spectacle of RODIN HOOD, pronounced by the Press and the Public the most beautiful and interesting Hippo-Drama ever produced at this Theatre. This Evening, the entertainments will commence with the new Spectacle, in Three Acts, entitled ROBIN HOOD ; or, the Merry Outlaws of Sherwood ; Allan-a-Dale, Miss Rebecca I saa cs ; Robin Hood, Mr. John Pritchard. To be followed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders of the day, including Mdlle. de Berg and Mr. James Cooke. Doors open at half-past 6, performance commence at 7. BoX-office open daily from II till 4. Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST. Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson. CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS. EVERY EVENING, A Grand Selection from the opera of NORMA. Norma ...................... Miss RUSSELL. Adalzisa .................... Madame MARIA, (Her first appearance in this country.) After which the ETHIOPIANS, consisting of Seventeen Per formers. orE,ranised expressly for this establishment, for the Performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with Negro Delineations, Anecdotes, dm Prin cipal Negro Artistes, Messrs. Joe Brown, G. W. Pell, H. Drummond, and Charley Fox. Musical Director, Mr. F. JONGHMANS. Balcony, le, Hall. 6d. TSB WEATHER.—Bux OFFICE, Oar. 16, Is6o. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 57—this day at noon. 53—lowest this morning and during the night. 51—highest since noon yesterday. BAROMETER-29.64. Wxwo—South-Westerly ; light, with dull rainy weather, It has rained now for nearly two days and nights. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. 25m.—Afternoon, 2h. 47m, To-monnow.-Morning, a. 9m.—Afternoon, 311. 31m, The King of SARDINIA'S Proclamation to the people of Southern Italy, which we published in full last evening, is a document worthy of his posi tion. He rises in it, of necessity, above the forma lities of diplomacy, for he has to deal with a people and with facts, not with a cunning Minister or Ambassador, and with plausible lies and inventions. At the suggestion of a patriot General, who entered the capital of the Two Sicilies, not by force of arms, but by the wish of a whole people, who received him with acclamations VICTOR EM MANUEL was by the same acclamations invited to the throne vacated by the young REHOBOAM ; since then deputations from public bodies of all kinds have confirmed the invitation of the first popular acclaim ; and VICTOR EMMANUEL has now quite as good ground to accept their in igitation as WILLIAM 111. had to accept that of the English in 1688. The crisis is o no for facts, not for formalities, and these latter mus t be given to the winds when fundamental r i g hts are at stake, and when "the people, the legitimgte source of all power," are appealed to. VICTOR EMMANUEL, with good reason, th ere .. hat he has been, and to wh a t h e fore, appeals to has done, as the g round of what he now does. I inherit, he says, from a father who bequeathed me, when dying in exile and of a broken heart, the cause of Italian liberation ; and his memory ha s been my guardian star. I accepted the inheritance; and in Piedmont, as the nucleus of national eman cipation, I have strengthened liberty of every kind. I have cherished representative institutions, free dom of commerce, and while respecting the Catholic religion, I have also respected freedom of conscience. The free press, and free speech, the concord of sovereign and people, in maintaining civil and political liberty, told on the rest of Italy, and the nation looked to me to lead it in the march to freedom. My share in the Crimean war enabled my Ambass a d or to plead your cause for the first time before all Europe. The volunteers who flocked to my standard in the late war showed that all parts of Italy regarded me as the leader in fighting for its emancipation. The acts of those States which ejected their rulers and united themselves under my Government showed also their confidence in the lead of my Gove rn ment, and I accepted their request though it cost me two moat noble provinces of the kingdom of my ancestors. Such very briefly are the personal claims which the KING considers that he has on the confidence of all It a li ans who desire that t heir countr y s hould be united, inde pendent, and free. But he has to justify what seems more difficult assuming the reins of Government while the late King of the country has not yet quitted its soil. He could only say th a t FRANCIS 11. had qu i tted its capital, but that has been done by Sovereign s before now, whom Europe yet acknowledged. What can he say for himself ? Why, first, the Congress of Paris condemned the Government of FERDINAND, and prepared the people to demand deliverance. Then in Sicily a fight for freedom began. " A brave warrior, devoted to Italy and to me," went to their aid. " Could I, ought I, to have prevented them ?" for they were Italians. The ew Government was inaugurated in my name, but (if we translate descriptive into brief and plain language) Republicanism sought to establish itself under the prestige of GARIBALDI ; sensible Ita lians asked me t o step in and avert the dander of divisiona, I have done so, and the result now depends on your votes in the balloting urn. Such is the spirit of this preciamatio a. Little, indeed, does it contain to satisfy the demands of routine diplomacy, but quite enough to satisfy those to whom it is addressed. They have voted FRANCIS 11. and tyranny out; it but remains to vote VICTOR EMMANUEL and liberty in. When a whole nation, with the exception of a fortress held by the rejected KING ) votes for the candidate King, the case is, and ought to be, settled. A for tress, and the remnant of a large army, h av e no title to make or keep a King for elev en millions of people ; and all the diplomacy in the world cannot alter the fact that that is now the position of things in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The more promptly the King of ITALY, for so we must now begin to style him, ejects the pretender from the threshold of the kingdom the better. A speedy settlement is wanted, and that will be effected when the last Bourbon has quitted Italy. An army at home competent to resist an invasion, but subject to reduction in proportion to the de velopment of our navy—the army to be reduced to a peace establishment when the navy has attained what would be required in a state of war—this is Sir HOWARD DOUGLAS'S general view of what we need for complete defence. There are, however, two points on which, at the present time, the chief interest of his observations will centre ; his decided preference for defending London, not by forts, nor by a railway girdle, but by an army well posted in the field; and his illustration of the value of guerilla corps such as our Volunteer corps might become, and that in a high state of efficiency. To take the last of these first. Suppose an invading army landed, and, we presume, making for the capital—the first duty would be to em barrass their proceedings in every way. To drive away cattle, and to destroy or remove all other means of support on their line of march ; to break up railways, and canals too, where they might be of use in flooding the ground around the enemy, and thus to impede his march by all possible phy sical difficulties. Our navvies especially might occasion them endless trouble, breaking up all the roads in advance of the invader. But the most formidable impediments to his advance, in addition to the regular troops, might be a guerrilla force, such as we could now easily provide, and which, if well managed, might give him no rest. Our author says— " There are distinguished military men among us who maintain that our sole dependence must be placed on eur regular army, and that we should derive no benefit from an armed population ; while there are some who contend that our regular army is too small in point of num bers to enable it to oppose the invaders in the field; and these persons would have us trust only to the desultory actions of the bands of volunteers, whom their love of their country would bring forth in time of need. The experience which the author acquired during the Peninsular War enables him, however, to assert with confidence, that neither the regular army nor the bands of volunteers, alone, would suffice to save the country from the ruin in which a suc cessful invasion would result; and that, to obtain this end, both of these means of defence must be judiciously combined." SirHOWARD DOUGLAS does not write theoretically. He was sent in 1811 to Spain, to examine into the state of military means there, regular and irregular, and it fell to his lot to have a great deal to do with the guerilla forces. At that time the capital and all the large towns had submitted to the French ; the regular armies had all been defeated and dis persed, but the guerillas were leading the French such a life of it, that even in towns they had con quered the French were afraid to remain within them during the night ; they withdrew always to their fortified camp, and the guerillas entered and made merry with the inhabitants, retiring in their turn in the day time. But the French never knew when and where they were safe. All the in habitants were spies for the guerillas. Not a move ment of any small body could take place without danger of attack from their well-informed, and ever-watchful enemies. Here is a picture of the kind of life which our young friends of Wimble don and Hyde-park would lead, such of the fire-eating colonels as might be gratified in their request to be led to London to bury us—three millions of assassins—in the ruins of our houses : , 4 The guerilla chief, Don Juan Sanchez, observing that the Governor of Ciudad Rodrigo was in the habit of taking an airing on horseback in the country, attended by a small escort, made arrangements for his capture, and carried him off prisoner, with all his attendants, in the sight of the place. And numerous other instances of this description occurred in the course of the war. When any officers of the French garrison, established in a city or town, were desirous of indulging in a shooting excursion, pickets of cavalry and infantry were sent out to form a complete line of sentries and videttes round the whole of the space upon which the party was to act, before the sportsmen dared proceed to the ground. A circumstance of this kind the author witnessed, when near Astorga." The Duke of WELLINGTON, in a letter which is quoted, strongly expresses his sense of the service rendered by the guerillas. In one instance we are told that 10,000 infantry, 24 guns, and 4,000 ca valry, were happily kept off from Lord WELLING TON'S hands, at the battle of Salamanca, through the operations of the Spanish irregular forces, and as the result of the whole, that " Without the co operation of these powerful auxiliaries, the army of WELLINGTON might have been overmatched by a concentration of all the French forces in the field againsthim ; but the two forces effected, conjointly, that great object which neither could have accom plished singly." We dwell somewhat on this subject for the en couragement of our Volunteers, who should, how ever, procure and read the pamphlet for themselves. It is a most encouraging one to them ; it shows them how, by such partial encounters, b y the effects of disease, and by other accidents which always happen in a country where the people are hostile to an army, that, without incurring much loss themselves, the Volunteers may inflict in a few months greater losses on the enemy than they would have sustained in a general engagement. " The principle on which a guerilla warfare should be carried on, is to avoid general engagements with disciplined troops arranged in order of battle ; such engagements being the particular duty of the regular army of the country, as part of the strategical combinations of the general com manding in chief the whole force of the nation. The parti zan bands should hover on the flanks, and in. the rear of the invading army ; they should attack its detachments, overpowering all escorts which may be too weak to resist them, seizing treasure, getting possession of despatches from the enemy's commanders, and cutting off all stragglers on the line of march. A warfare thus conducted, under the direction of skilful leaders, will not fail to keep the enemy in constant alarm : he will be attacked on every road, and will bo compelled to fight in every defile, where the riflemen of the country will await him; he will not be able to send the smallest supply from one place to another without a considerable escort—thus wearying out his troops and exposing them to numerous petty losses, without the acquisition of honour or sivantage." Sir HOWARD DOUGLAS tells us it is astonishing n ow an attack on their native country calls out military genius in the guerilla stamp. The skilful leaders of the Spanish peasantry against the French were a miller, a curate, a surgeon , and a shepherd ! And it is stated on good authority that during the seven years that the war in Spain continued more than 500,000 French soldiers perished in that country by the guerilla bands alone. system of forts our To the defence of London by a , .'„,, , -„T., , ~-..-`..:: •,.. • .% • ~. 7. 0 4 :„.... . _...„..,, . ..... 4. • .... , o :-71 - "c• . rx.'ill? . 411110: "lir J r- m `. - . =.lll. 3k. ' ,•...,j imialk- . - . ''.'' 11 4 111011111 b, •"i '.":'.l" -,.. THE SUN. LONDON, TUESDAY, OCT. 16, 1860. rim SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBeII 16, 1860, author is decidedly opposed, and his reasons, both financial and military, are, it will be admitted by all, good. The expense of any works at all efficient for, the object he shows to have been most strangely under-estimated, and that it would amount to such a sum as no Parliament would ever be induced to vote. The fortifications must extend over a circuit of at least 30 miles;. and, when completed, would completely absorb the whole army left disposable after supplying garrisons to the arsenals and sea ports. The forts must be at such a distance also that unless they were fortresses rather than forts, they would be no support to each other, and a large part of the army would thus be neutralised. If Lon don were thus defended, its capture would decide the war; there would be no alternative. Altogether different would it be with an efficient army in the field—but we quote our author's own words "That the occupation or capture of the metropolis of a highly-civilised, prosperous, commercial, and manufactur- , jug country must produce very baneful effects upon all the great interests which centre there, is true; but that these may be prevented by investing all our military resources in the defence of the capital, and so stake the safety of the country on the issue of that one throw, the author denies. In that case, indeed, an enemy in possession of the capital might dictate his own terms, and England would have no alternative but to submit. Not so would it be if London should be occupied, or even captured, whilst a well-consti stituted, well-commanded, active army of troops of the line and militia of 100,000 men, 200 field guns, 10,000 cavalry, and 60,000 of our rifle volunteers--already an army of at least 120,000 excellent light infantry—remained unconquered in the field. With such a force the coun try is safe, even though the capital might be temporarily , occupied." He shows that were such an army strongly in trenched in any of the positions which might be selected as suitable for covering the metropolis, the enemy must look at it, as MASSENA did at the lines of Torres Vedras, decline to attack it, retreat, followed by the army, over a devastated and broken-up country ; and assailed on every side by the levy en masse, and the result would be that all who were not destroyed or captured would be driven into the sea. That such would even now be the fate of any marauders, who came here for spoil and glory, we have not the shadow of a doubt. Politically speaking, England has latterly— during the chief part of the last quarter—been occupying the position of a disinterested spectator. Englishmen have been looking abroad with what equanimity they might find themselves enabled still to preserve in the midst of movements all over the continent, calculated in a remarkable degree to rouse their suspicion or to excite their enthusiasm. Among the Northern Powers there has been noted, of course with a certain solicitude not very surpris ing under the circumstances, the curiously oppor tune Arrangement of this interview between the rulers of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, at the an cient capital of that glorious but ill-fated Kingdom of Poland—the flagitious and atrocious partition of which by the ancestors of those these men during the last century is still painfully re membered among the nations of the world as, per haps, the blackest and the basest national crime ever inscribed in characters of blood upon the annals of Christendom. The arrangement of this interview between the Russian CZAR, the Austrian KAISER, and the PRINCE REGENT of PRUSSIA, we have here spoken of advisedly as one, to our think ing, curiously opportune. It is opportune, we aver, in a very remarkable way in the interests of the Roman peninsula. It is opportune in those sacred interests, both when. viewed in relation to the particular locality (Warsaw), and the particu lar personages there assembled (the rulers of Russia, Austria, Prussia)—the hereditary repre sentatives of the three accomplices in the Partition of Poland! Conceive for a moment the mere ab surdity of any movement inimical to the liberation of the Italians, to the consolidation of a constitu tional Italian sovereignty—conceive but for a moment, we say, the mere absurdity of any such movement emanating from Warsaw, being dated from the ancient capital of Poland, by the imperial and royal descendants of the three lawless destroyers of the Polish nationality ! Any protest against the completion of the great work of the political emancipation of Italy—any protest against that dated from Warsaw, and signed by the rulers of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, would be one of the most fatal blunders ever adventured upon by those allied chiefs and champions of despotic govern. ment. It would be the hurling down by them of the gage of battle at the feet of the Liberal party all over the European Continent. It would be the direct incentive to the simultaneous rising of the subjugated and down-trodden races of Christendom. Let but such An act be decided upon by the CZAR, the KAISER, and the PRINCE REGENT in solemn conclave assembled, and in that act such a tocsin will have been rung from War saw, as those three Powers but little dream of. It would sound too at a period, of all periods in modern history, the most propitious for the cause of the more rational, and liberal, and moderate revolutionists. The Northern despots would tempt their own fate at a ruinous disadvan tage. The revolutionists, to whom they would find themselves at once opposed, would, on the con trary, begin from the height of the lofty vantage ground they have latterly won their way to in the Roman Peninsula ! Those, indeed, who would seriously tempt the rulers of the North to bid the great surge of Italian liberation go "thus far and no further"—say to the borders of Venetia, say to the frontier line of the Quadrilateral—would be following only in the fatuous course already taken, now long centuries back, by the courtiers of CANUTE to the derision of all subsequent generations, The mandate would go forth, more over, from Warsaw, of all cities in Europe, with a most sinister significance. It would be suggestive, we may rest assured, of the precipitation of that vengeance which must, under any circumstances, descend sooner or later upon the three rulers by whose ever-infamous complicity the nation ality of Poland was thrice doomed to be parti tioned. From the hour upon which any such in sensate mandate as the one we have now spoken of should have the signatures of the Czar of -Russia, of the Kaiser of Austria, of the Prince Regent of Prussia, affixed at Warsaw—from that hour would date not only the triumphant completion of the Italian War of Independence, but the commence ment of the Resurrection of Poland and of the final emancipation from their long thraldom of ten million Hungarians ! ARCIIDEACONItY OF BATIL—The Archdeaconry of Bath is rendered vacant by the death of the Yen. Wm. Gunning, which took place on Thursday last at Weston super-mare. The deceased dignitary, who had for some time been in a precarious state of health, was much re spected by all parties for the strictly impartial and conscien tious discharge of the duties of his sacred office. He was appointed to the archdeaconry on the death of the late Archdeacon Brymer. The living of Buckland Newton, Dorset, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Wells, be comes vacant by the death of Mr. Gunning. The deceased was for many years one of the most energetic members of the Bath and Wells Diocesan Association, the treasurership of which he held till his death. MILL, Oct. 13.—Messrs. W. Brown, Atkinson, and Co., have to .day received a telegram from Dundee, announcing the arrival there of the screw steamer "Wildfire, w sht it a ;C etr a w p D t o . i : fnisa r h :tvill and 14 of the crew of the stemucr Chase, of Hull, totally lost at the Davis' Straits fishery. All the crew were fortunately saved. She further reports the screw of The el fishingwi th two had fish bee u; pooran d t u h p e t theo elu d s, a o to f of her leaving. The Chase was fully insured. D.RUBT-LANE TiIEATBE. Mr. Smith commenced his winter season last night with a company much stronger than we have had for many years, for it has lately been the practice of the energetic and 1 enterprising lessee to rely entirely on his pantomime for a profitable result of his campaign. Although, from former successes, Mr. Smith might safely depend on the brilliant efforts of Mr. Beverley, the scene painter, it seems to be his intention to produce entertainments of the highest class, supported by the best talent money can secure. The entertainments last night consisted first of " God save the Queen," which, contrary to the usual prac tice, was sung at the beginning of the evening ; Mr. Oxenford's drama of "The Tragedy Queen," in which Mrs. Stirling assumed her original character ; of the comedy of "Married for Money," in which Mr. Charles Mathews and Mrs. Frank Matthews sustained the parts in which they are so familiar to the public ; and in the little piece of " Ills Excellency," in which Mrs. Charles Mathews appeared in conjunction with her husband. All these popular per formers were received on their several entrances with ap plause. The first moiety announced for production is a drama by Mr. Watts Phillips, in which Mr. Benjamin Webster and Paul Bedford sustain the principal parts. The theatre, con sidering the unfavourable weather, was very well attended. TEE B UCILEY SERENADERS. This renowned troupe of artistes made their first appear ance in London last eifening at St. James's nail, and with a success that must have greatly exceeded their utmost expectations. Long before the entertainment commenced every seat in the minor hall was occupied, and on the " Serenaders" making their appearance they were welcomed in the most enthusiastic manner. The troupe consists of ten members, and each one is not only an accomplished performer on various musical instruments, but can take a leading part in singing the principal parts in our celebrated operas, which, though burlesqued in a most amusing manner, have their splendid vocal parts and choruses preserved and performed in a style which some of our operatic performers uld be gratified to hear. The entertainment last night .isted in a variety of amusing incidents in negro life in America, with songs of a most touching character, and then came a burlesque of the cele brated opera of " Lucretia Borgia," in which the finest portions were given in a manner that called forth the warmest applause of the audience. In this the Serenaders were assisted by Miss Julia Gould, who forms a portion of the company, and whose splendid voice recalled to one's remembrance some of the most celebrated performances of our greatest prima donnas. Mr. R. B. Buckley is a finished ballad singer, and the manner in which his cho ruses are taken up by his coleagues is singularly attractive and beautiful. Mr. G. S. Buckley is an inimitable " bones," and Mr. Basquin is everything that's funny—black com plexion, singing, dancing, and acting inclusive. There is first-rate plantation dancing, a miraculous solo a la Page nini, on a Chinese fiddle, and some exquisite playing on the legitimate instrument by Mr. P. Buckley. The audience were in raptures yesterday evening throughout the whole performance, calling everybcdy before the curtain, and wish ing to have everything over again, a wish, however, which the performers, following the good example recently set by Mr. Sims Reeves at her Majesty's Theatre, respectfully de ' dined to comply with. The lower hall was so densely crowded that it is probable an immediate migration to the large room will be found necessary. WE'LL STAND TO OUR GUNS. Never trust the soft breathing that preaches of Peace, With an oath-giving lip and a smile-lighted eye; Hear it all with good-will, but be provident dill, With men that are earnest and powder that's dry. Here's our hand in fair fellowship, open mad free ; Here's a health to the brave, be their land where it may- But however frank-hearted Old England may be; While we join in the feast we'll prepare for the fray. Let us cherish our bull-dog while petting our dove, And be ready for storms 'neath the brightest of suns With a cheer for our white cliffs, our home, and our love; And a spirit determined to "stand to our Guns," Though we launch no defiance and offer no wrong, Red coats and blue jackets shall be at their posts, And the light of bold hearts—steady, vivid, and strong, Shall keep Liberty's watch-fire alive on our coasts. Let the Rulers that dwell in the East or the South, Come with friendly saluting, and kindly we'll meet; But we'll show them Britannia has teeth in her mouth, In our death-scorning " Guards" and our staunch Channel Fleet. Let "Ready, aye Ready," be traced on our shores; Be it read on all bosoms where British blood runs. We may drink at the chalice whence olive wine pours, But we'll look to our powder and "stand to our Guns." ELIZA COOK. LORD PALMERSTON'S VISIT TO LEEDS.—The soiree of the Leeds Mechanics' Institution and Literary Society, at which Lord Palmerston will preside, is an nounced for Thursday, the 25th instant. One hundred orchestra tickets have been reserved, and are offered at 108. 6d. The other prices of admission are, for reserved seats ss. and 45., and 2s. 6d. for unreserved seats.—Leeds Mercury. THE TEMPLE GARDENS —The phow of chrysan themums in the two Temple Gardens are now open to the public (free) every day from nine till dusk. Visitors are respectfully invited to an inspection of the extraordinary collection of pompones, a dwarf variety of this beautiful autumn flower, in the garden of the Middle Temple; the entrance to this garden is from the broad flight of steps in front of the fountain within a few minutes' walk of the larger garden, and near Essex-street, adjoining the library, now nearly finished. PACKET ARRANGEMENTS..--SOUTHAMPTON, MON DAY.—The following are the packet arrangements for this week :—The Fulton will take out the United States mail, the Tagus the Peninsular mail, and the Shannon the West India mail on Wednesday; and the Ceylon the Australian mail on Saturday. The Adriatic is expected here to-mor row with the American mail, and the Ripon on Saturday with the India, China, and Australian mail. COUNT CA'.'OUR AND THE CHILD MoLTARA. The secretary of the Universal Israelitish Alliance has re ceived the following letter from Count Cavour :—" Turin, Oct. 3, 1860. Sir,—l have received the letter which you have addressed to me in the name of the Society of the Universal Israelitish Alliance, soliciting the aid of the Go vernment in the steps which the father of the young Mor tara is taking in order to recover his child from the convent in which he is at present retained. Persuaded of the justice of M. Mortara's demands, I have the honour to assure you, sir, that the King's Government will do all in its power that this child, in whom the public opinion of Europe is so strongly interested, may be restored to his family. Be good enough, I beg of you, to acquaint the members of the Jewish society of these intentions of the Government of the Kin g ,_ and receive, &o.—CAvouß." ROYAL NAVAL BENEVOLENT SOCIETV.—The quarterly meeting of this society was held yesterday at the Thatched-house Tavern, St. James's-street—Lord Col chester in the chair. The object of this society is to afford relief to officers of the royal navy, their widows, and fami lies, under circumstances of misfortune and consequent dis tress. The report stated that the receipts for the last quar ter amounted to £1,047 15s. Bd., outof which sum £469 had been paid for grants, and after providing for the necessary expenses a balance of £4BO Is. 6d. was left in hand. The amount of stock was £36,916 14s. Bd. The report having been adopted, the sum of £350 was distributed among 72 applicants for relief. A vote of thanks was awarded to the chairman, and the proceedings terminated. The article of the Constitutionnel against the in vasion of the Neapolitan States by Piedmont has had the unenviable privilege of displeasing all the other Paris jour nals, no matter of what shade of opinion. Some of them ' devote a certain space to refuting the principal arguments of the article, whilst others omit even the compliment of examination, contenting themselves with some curt but decisive declaration of disapproval. WHISKERS IN THE ARMY.—Considerable con sternation has been caused in the camp at Aldershot by the issue of the following memorandum, by order of Lieut.- General Pennefather, the general in command :—" Me merandum.—The Lieut.-General wishes that general offi cers commanding brigades at their half• yearly inspections will direct their particular attention to the length of the whiskers of the officers and men. The Lieut.-General has observed that some officers of the division have whiskers of a most unusual size and length.—By order, J. W. Anse. sTRONG Assistant-Adjutant-General." THE SECRET OF FRENCH WEALTH : WONDER FUL STOILY !—Tho New Rai - Jerald is responsible for the following " tale of mystery and romance :"—" A gold field, more prolific than those of either shore of the Pacific, and worked with greater secrecy than the Russian mines in Asia, has been opened by France, and steadily developed for the last six years. Acting upon the suggestion of an American citizen (Mr. Parrish), Louis Napoleon sent a secret expedition of 13 vessels and 2,500 men to the before neglected colony of Senegal. From that time the progress of French rule and French enterprise in Africa has been rapid and remarkable. Algeria has crossed the desert of Sahara and linked its posts with those of the advancing colony of Senegambia. The British flag has been. bought off from a large portion of the western coast of Africa, and the French tricolour has been planted in Abyssinia. The new colonial region has been separated from the colonial system of the empire, and placed under the immediate presidency of the Emperor. Numerous institutions and offices have been created, which have no ostensible results, and yet their officers attain fre quent rewards and promotion. Why is this ? It is because Louis Napoleon is secretly working hundreds of thousands of African slaves in the new gold fields of Africa, de riving therefrom not only the means for extending his empire on that continent, but also the resources to supply the immense workings of the French mint, and to give life and energy to his vast political schemes. In these revelations we may find also the secret of his steel clad ships, his efforts to change the balance of power in the Mediterranean, his creation of a navy to earpass in num bers and efficiency that of England, his sedulous cultivation of an African policy that has been constantly a puzzle to Europe, and the care with which Algeria is fostered. A war with England would cut off his Atlantic route to the Senegal gold region, and hence the path lie is opening with Artesian wells acres the deserts of Sahara. A few years' continuance of the immense supply of gold ho has been drawing from his new African possessions will enable him to realise even the dreams of his uncle for the resonstruc tion of Europe, and snake his reign the Augustan era of the ilis French erosive. It well known that Fr ance is steadi ly pursuing its project of re-occupying the negro empire of Hayti, an d S pa i n i s at th i s moment enpged re,.establish ing her r u l e i n t h e D om i n i can republic. She has already sent a co of active and energeti9 officers to St. Domingo, where they have entered the sersfee the repub l , established a newspaper ; and from Havana we ere that many persons there believe that the largo expedition, ostensibly being prepared to operate in Mexico, is really iatvutled for St, Doaainp." w TEs 1 .; ' NT L:4 --a The following telegrams have been received al Mr. Reuter's office !-- TURIN, OCT. 15. King Victor Emmanuel has entered the Neapo litan town of Giuliannova amid the enthusiasm of the population. The Marquis de Villamarina has proceeded to the frontier to meet the King. NAPLES, OCT. 14. The Pro-Dictator and the Ministry remain in office. The decree convoking the popular assem blies, in order to vote on the annexation of Naples to Piedmont, still remains in force. Crispi has been dismissed from his functions. NAPLES (VIA MARSEILLES), OCT. 9. Mazzini having refused to leave Naples, the Pro- Dictator has prohibited political clubs and meetings. Tho Pro-Dictator has also forbidden Louis Blanc to open national ateliers. Payala, chief of the National Guard, has been dismissed. The diplomatic corps at Gaeta have, at the in stance of Spain, protested against the decree relative to Milano. All the Ambassadors signed the protest. Admiral Lebarbier has refused to recognise the blockade of - Gaeta and Messina, decreed by Gari baldi. The French mail steamer Protas has been seized. ROME (via Marseilles), OCT, 11. General Goyon has sent three regiments to re occupy Viterbo and the Patrimony of St. Peter. General Lamoriciere and General Schmidt are expected hero. Becdelievre has been appointed Colonel. Cordova has been summoned to Gaeta. The Pope has issued a proclamation ordering an inquiry concerning the prisoners taken by the Sardinians, whom the Papal Government accuses the latter of having plundered. The proclamation also accords to the families of these prisoners an indemnity commensurate with their condition in life. The report is current that Russia has sent con siderable gifts to the Pope. Advices received from Gaeta state that the young Princes had again left for Capua, and that orders had been given for a renewal of the general attack against the Garibaldians. PARIS, OCT. 15: The Federal Council has communicated its reply to the late complaints on the part of France, by means of a verbal note, wherin the Federal Council expresses its regret on account of the events at Geneva, but states that they could not be considered as an international offence. This note adds, that the flags of Ambassadors and Consuls alone are placed under the protection of international rights, but not flags hoisted on vessels or railways, where every State has the right to prohibit the hoisting of foreign flags. FRANCE. The 'Journal de l'Aisne publishes a letter from a soldier, belonging to the expedition inoChina, giving an account of the severe punishments inflicted on Chinese thieves :—" Lately, when on guard, I wit nessed the execution of a judicial sentence. Two Chinese, who had stolen a little wood, were caught by one of our night patrols, and taken to the guard house. The next day the Mandarin was apprised of their arrest, and soon arrived in a palanquin carried by six men. Our interpreter having stated the case, the thieves were brought into the func tionary's presence. They immediately prostrated themselves before him, and he began to harangue them apparently on the enormity of their offence At every sentence he uttered the culprits struck their heads against the ground. After speaking for some time the judge uttered several loud shouts, accompanied by violent gesticulations. In answer to this summons, two of the porters entered, and, seizing one of the thieves, stripped him quite naked; then one taking him by the long tail of hair grow ing from the top of his head, and the other by the feet, they laid him face downwards on the floor. Two other porters knelt on each side of the culprit, each holding a stout bamboo. At a sign from the Manda rin, the first executioner administered 60 sharp strokes, every one of which fetched blood ; the other executioner then gave him the same number. The second thief also received the same punishment. Bleeding as they were, both then put on their clothes, kissed the ground three times, and were set at liberty." BOURSE, Oct. 15.—The market has been very dull, and prices have rather followed the downward movement of English Consols, which have arrived, with a decline on the quotations of Saturday. Threes, for the Account, which opened at 68f 90c., are now at 68f 80c; Mobilier, 696 f 25c; Orleans, 1,365 f; Northern, 974 f; Mediterranean, 946 f 25c; Austrian and Lombard, 584 f 25c. The following are the last quotations : 41 per per Cents ... 95 50 . Credit Fonder 897 Do end month.... 95 80 f Belgian 41 — 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 95 Roman Bank Shares 2840 —; Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 702 50 ' Spanish Threes 43 Do. Account 705 —"Home Debt RAILWAYS. Orleans Northern .. New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean Geneva Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard Cash, Account. 1367 50 .. 1385 975 .. 9 7 5 885 .. • 915 .. 920 355 357 50 507 50 .. 506 25 563 75 .. 562 50 637 50 .. 640 390 488 75 .. 487 50 482 50 .. 482 50 AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 16. The North Atlantic Company's steamship Adriatic, Captain Comstock, from New York on the 6th instant, arrived off the Needles at 10.45 a.m. LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT. NEW YORK, OCT. 6 (EVENING). The stock market is dull. New York Central, 88 ; 1; Erie, 401 ; Illinois shares, 83; ; Illinois bonds, 971. The cotton market is unsettled and excited, with an active business ; 6,000 bales have been sold to-day, and quotations are lc. higher. Middling Upland, 11c. to 114 c. Breadstuffs are steady. Wheat is buoyant, and quoted 2c. to 3c. higher. The provision market is steady. NEW ORLEANS, OCT. 5. A great storm passed over here on the 2d inst., and caused much damage in the city. Many steamers have been lost. Forty sugar-houses in the interior were destroyed, and great damage was done to the crops. The Spanish fleet has quitted Vera Cruz without bombarding the city, the American commander having condemned such a course. The cotton market is firm, and all qualities have advanced. Middling 10,;:c. The sales of the week amount to 54,000 bales. Receipts during the same period, 45,000 bales. Receipts below last year, 5,500 bales. LONDONDERRY, TUESDAY. The Montreal Ocean Company's steamer Anglo Saxon, Captain 13allantine, from Quebec, on the 6th inst., has arrived and landed all mails. On the 9th instant she passed the North Briton and the John Bell. The City of Baltimore had arrived out. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales arrived at Washington on the 3d in s t. H e v isited Cincinnati , Pitsburg,Homsburg, and Baltimore en route. He was cordially welcomed by the President whogave a recep tion in his honour. The Prince visited Mount Vernon in company with the Pressdent and the members 0' the Cabinet. The Royal party left for Richmond OA Plc pierning of the 6th inst., and was expected to arrive therd the same evening. The steamer Uncle Sam left San Francisco on the 21st ult,, with 1,200,000 dole. in qcoic, THE OVERLAN D By the arrival of the Overland Mail we have received our private correspondence and files of papers from Calcutta to the Bth of September ; Hongkong, to the 26th of August; Melbourne, to the 25th of August ; and Sydney, to the 22d of August. INDIA. We take the following from the Calcutta English man of the Bth of September : " At last we have something better to report in the way of commerce. Import trade exhibits a very decided improvement, and seders are now holding on, with improving prospect s , at rates they would have gladly closed with but a very short time since, and there is good room frir hope that they will be justified in their deterir.ination by the event. The export trade remains 'very flat, but even there the clouds seem lightening a little. Jute, silk, and oil seeds arc in better demand, though still at prices too high for the home rates. Money continues abundant, and the demand for Government Secu rities is limited by the continued distrust in the Governmental course and intentions, though they have certainly strengthened their position by their unwavering resolutions to carry out Mr. Wilson's plans, the preparatio:is for carrying which into operation have, hov, ever, been but slow. There has just now arise" a fresh difficulty with regard to stamps, in consequence of the impossibility either of executing t.'ilem here, or of procuring them from home within the time appointed for the opera tion of the act. The License Bill, in the modified form in 'which Mr. Wilson had determined to leave it, is this day under adjourned discussion, only one thing having been decidedly arrived at, namely,that it shall not apply to any such persons as are liable to Income-tax. The Council are hesitating as to such a mode of collection as shall secure a fair re venue without absorbing in it costs of levying, and at the same time obviate, so far as possible, the in evitable oppression which any mode of taxation worked by native agency must always give rise to. " The Indigo Commission has not yet published its report, owing, we believe, to some hitch in that obstructive department, the Government printing office. " The rains have ceased during the last fortnight throughout the whole of the North- West Provinces, and the approaching harvest is again in jeopardy. The present price of grain, more especially wheat, continues high. The restoration of territory recently made by the British Government to the Nizam of Hyderabad has been attended with beneficial re sults. From Oude we learn that jewels to a large amount, the property of the rebel Queen's mother, have been seized and appropriated by the British Government. Several of the witnesses who gave evidence in the recent libel case at Lucknow have been indicted for perjury, by order of the presidin g judge at the trial. Some excavations recently made by Lieut. Johnston, in the vicinity of Peshawur, have led to the discovery of a pottery, evidently of Greek origin, and dating some 1,800 years ago. Some important results aro anticipated." CHINA. The following is a letter of our Hong Kong cor respondent, dated, August 20 : HONG KONG, AUG. 26. His Imperial Majesty's ship Weser came in yesterday from the Gulf of Pechelee, having left Pehtang on the morning of the 13th inst. Few or no letters have been received by her; but she brings intelligence of the entrenched Tartar Camp, between Pehtang and the Taku Forts, having been carried by the allied forces on the 12th, and that the attack on the forts themselves had commenced. The full details of the previous movements of the allies, their successful disembarkation and occupa tion of the abandoned forts at Pehtang, go forward by the present mail. Contrary to general expectation—for it was believed that they would hesitate to come into actual collision with foreigners—the Taeping rebels appeared on the afternoon of the 18th instant (just after the departure of the mail steamer) before the city of Shanghai, and attacked the south gate. A party of French stationed there played on them with artillery, and drove them back with some loss. During the night they remained quiet; but on the following morning were quietly assem bling in and about a joss-house on the border of the foreign settlement, when they were discovered and again dispersed by the French with further loss. As a measure of precaution and defence the adjoining suburb was then fired and completely destroyed• The intelligence was brought by a private steamer, which left Woosung on the morning of the 20th, and accounts of the ulterior proceedings of the attacking force are anxiously looked for. Business was, of course, completely stopped, and immense damage had been inflicted on the surrounding country by the rebels, who butchered the inhabi tants and burned every house and village all round the city. The capture and destruction of the city of Nan - tsin, in the centre of the silk districts, are confirmed, but previous to the advance of the Taepings on Shanghai a large quantity of silk had found its way down to the coast. The transit will now be at tended with much greater risk, and the supply will in all probability be seriously diminished. It is generally considered that Messrs. Bruce and Bourboulon have erred in judgment in their bearing to the rebel chiefs ; and it is to be hoped that they may be able to belie the common belief, and satisfy their respective Governments that they did all that in them lay to avert the disastrous attack on Shanghai. The policy of the Western Powers in respect of the rebellion must now, however, be declared, and will be more successful the more it is straightforward, and free from the anomalous com promises that have latterly been so much in fashion in our dealings with the Chinese. Ningpo is quiet, though there is said to be an uneasy feeling among the Chinese. Foochow con tinues busy and tranquil. There is a calm at S wa tow, but troubles may arise at any moment. The Lak Cheong Pass, near Canton, is still shut, either by the rebels or by the Imperialist troops under the Lieutenant-Governor of Canton, who is supposed to be watching the course of events in the north, and to be prepared equally for our success or failure — but, however held, its stoppage affects trade most injuriously. The Englishmen in the service of the Foreign Custom-house are stated to be withdrawing tempo rarily from the service, on account of the commence ment of hostilities. There is no recent intelligence of interest from Japan, nor is anything further known _as _to the position of the French at Sargon. The latest dates received are from England, July 10 ; Bombay, July 30 ; Calcutta, July 21 ; Singa pore, August 13 ; Sydney, June 12 ; Melbourne, June 16. The steamer Ganges, with t he En g lish mails of June 27, arrived on the 11 t h inst., and w i ll be de spatched to-day, at 9 a.m., with the outward mail s. The steamer Emu appeared unexpectedly on the 19th, bringing the English mails of the 10th of July, and has proceeded on to Shanghai. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE , SHIPS or WAR. K ong —The British steamers Esk and Zenobia Grassho I Hardy, Haughty, the gunboatsnd Weazel ; the French steamers Japan, l'Eu- Cockchafer, pper Eugenie,and , Imperatrice, ropca-2 Don Antonio Escano. steamer StaArttliini B At Macao —The Portuguese lorcha Amazona. Startling, and At Canton River—The British steamer Hightlyer ; the g unboats Clown and Staunch ; the French steamer Mor seau. ..... _ - —At Amoy—The B r i t i s h sloop Acorn. At Foochow—The American frigate John Adams. At Ningpo—The British gunboat Algerine.• At Shanghai—The British sloop Camilla; the steamers llesper, Nimrod, Pioneer, and Snake ; the gunboat Kestrel; the French steamers Forte and llong Kong; the Russian gunboat Naizelip ; the American gunboat Saginaw. In the Gulf of Pechelee.—The British frigates Actroon and Cambrian; the steamers Adventure, Armenian, Arra can, Atalanta,Beagle, Centaur, Cheaspeake, Cruiser,Cooper, Coromandel,Encounter, Furious, Fury, Feroze, TmperiTe) Inflexible, llagicienne, Odin, Prince Arthur Pearl, Ring dove, Sampson, Scout, Simoom, Sphynx, Sydney, Urger t, Vulcan, and Waterman ; the gunboats Banterer, Bounccr, Bustard, Dove, Drake, Firm, Flamer, Forester, Havoc, In- Ment, %%MIS ; Lavou, Oppoutun, iiquard, $l44°Yl sAap3 • Sparrowhawk, IVa t ful, and Woodcock; the French frigates Capricieuse and Nemesis ; the steamers Alarme, Amiro maque, Duchayla, Calvanos, Dordogne, Driade, Entrepre nante, Forbin, Gironde, Garonne, Jura, Loire, Marne, Meurthe, Nievre, Preguet, Perscverante, Renommee, Rhone, Rhin, Saone, Vengeance, and Weser ; the gun boats Avalanche, Alon Prah, Dragume, and Mitraille ; the Russian steamer Boyarine ; the gunboat Razbeynik. At. Japan.—The Russian steamer Sveltano ; the Ameri can steamer Hartford ; the Portuguese corvette Don Jose. In the Amoor River.—The Russian steamers America, Bigarin, Griden, Japanese, Marigoor, Opritchnick, Plas toon, Passandic, Linda, Strelvet, and Voyerada ; the gunboats Djuguito and Novick. AUSTRALIA. • ____ The following is the summary of the Melbourne Herald of August 25 : Another Ministerial crisis, of an unprecedented kind even in these Scuthern colonies, forms almost the sum of political events since the date of our previous summary. The remote cause of this crisis is, the general disagreement between the two Houses of Legislature respecting the principles which ought to govern the adjustment of the land question. At this moment the late Nicholson Ministry are at work again, and a reconstruction of that Cabinet is to be sought, but with what prospect of success it is impossible to say. Should they even be able to assure his Excellency of their ability to carry on the Government of the country, and thus be recalled to office, they may find it much more difficult to carry out that assurance than they imagine, when they come to face the house with their new policy. So constantly have they been shifting their ground, and changing their tactics, since their first entrance into office, to no practical purpose, that the house and the country have lost all confidence in them. This being the case, it 18 hard to say when these complications will endi Business in both houses has, of course, been at a stand still, and so it is likely to continue., for a time at least. The delay which has taken place in completing the purchase of the Geelong and Melbourne Rail way has caused a considerable amount of ill-feeling here, and is likely to be productive iof no good to our credit in England. The hitch arises from a dispute between the Government and the company as to whether the purchasers or the vEmdors should be responsible for any claims which may hereafter be brought against the company for any acts done by them up to the present date. The ticket-of-leae system has been abolished, an arrangement much desired, and whi ch has given great satisfaction. There is no other political event of importance to be noted. AMUSEMENTS. Prior to the commencement of the opera season, Mr. Brooko appeared in a round of his favourite characters. A great attraction during his stay was the revival of " The Comedy of Errors" —or, we should rather say, the first pre sentation here of this delicious piece —in which he sustained the character of Antipholus of Syracuse. The play was splendidly mounted, and promised a lucrative run but it had to be withdrawn, the theatre having been let to the Bianchis for opera. Ono of our local literati has had the courage and the ability to produce a five•act comedy. We refer to Mr. R. H. Horne, and his " Spec in China." The representation cannot be dignified by calling it a success, but it would be unjust to call it a failure. Another piece, to one-aettragedy. entitled " The Death of Marlowe," by the same author, had been produced previously, and met with considerable favour. The Prince of Wales and the Princess theatres confirm* ' • to do a very fair business in their respective lines. Each , offers entertainments to suit a particular portion of the " public, neither being very closely attached to the " legit!+ mate" drama. Mr. Brooke and the company havo paid a brief visit to Adelaide. The Hells, and Mr. M'Kean Buchanan are ill the provinces. OUR GOLD FIELDS. The falling off in the yield of gold, to which wo have had occasion to allude in previous summaries, still continues, although the diminution is in a smaller ratio than during previous months. Sinco the departure of the last mail, 103,200 oz. have been brought to town by the Government escorts, as compared with 209,257 in the corresponding period of 1859, and 239,458 in 1858. It may be perhaps urged that a larger amount of gold reached Melbourne by private hands than during former years, as a large numbor of diggers are now at work in the ranges at the head of the Yarra and in Gipps Land, but the produce of these dis tricts is not nearly enough to account for the deficiency. The quantity shipped since our last summary amounts to 229,842 oz., compared with 245,693 in 1859, and 232,653 in 1858. The last escort from Biandra took 2,450 oz. of gold to Sydney, and a nugget weighing 341 oz. has been found at Surface Hill. There is nothing new from the Victorian mines. A. small population is settled at the new gold field, at the head of the Goulburn, which is apparently only adapted for sluicing. A large nugget in the claim of the Koh-i-noor Company, Golden Point Lead, deserves special notice. This lump of puro gold, called the K oh-i-noor nugget, was found on the 27th July, in the gutter, at a depth of 400 feet from the sur face. It measured about 14 inches in length, and nearly 24 Inches in girth, weighing 834 oz., and was bought by the Bank of Australasia at the fall current rate per oz. ; this splendid discovery thus turning in about £3,336 to the com pany, exclusive of the value of other gold found at the same time. The nugget was exhibited at Bath's Hotel for the benefit of the Hospital and Benevolent Asylum, and some 25 realised clear of expenses for those institutions. This discovery had two specialties about it. In the first place, the nugget was found in the gutter, and in the next place it was at a distance of more than a mile from the starting point of the lead ; whereas all other nuggets of any consequence had been found on the reef or sloping ground adjoining the gutter, and nearer to the source of the lead. From this finding of the Koh -i-noor nugget, therefore, it may be inferred that for the future similar discoveries may be expected, no mattor how far from the original source of the gutter. THE NEW ZEALAND WAR. The excitement throughout the Australian colonies with regard to the progress of hostilities in New Zealand has not in the slightest degree abated. And, much as we regret the painful necessity for doing so, we must acknowledge that the latest advices indicate that the colonists of Tara naki have by no means reached the most serious stage of the war in which they are so prominently engaged. Not withstanding that strong hopes are entertained that the reinforcements from this colony, and those from Tasmania, New South Wales, and South Australia, will enable the represent a tive of her Majesty to as ser t h er authority and inflict decisive chastisement on the insurgent natives, the latter do not appear to be intimidated by the recent arrival at the seat of war of a numerous force, under Major-General Pratt. In fact they have become emboldened, and, in the words of a correspondent writing from Taranaki on the Bth inst., the " war is on a new basis. The enemy have hitherto respected farm property and cattle of the settlers. They have now commenced destroying d r i l v u e u o u ff r a l l a l t t h s e u c m a m t t l a e r y a n w d e sheep. " everything they can, and gave an account of the battle of Waitara, and of the unhappy result of the attack on the Puketaukere pah, in which our troops suffered so severely ; and that upon the receipt here of the news, the Executive took steps to despatch aid with all promptitude. We stated also that the Major-General Commanding the Forces in Australia, had departed for New Zealand with the whole available strength of the 40th garrisoned at Melbourne. As stated above, they all arrived at Taranaki (on the 3d inst.) within ten days of their departure hence. The gallant veteran at once assumed the command, but wo have no new of anything further connected with his proceedings, In resuming the " journal of events" where we last closed it, we must first make reference to the battle of Waiters which took place on the 27th June. Four or five days sub sequently information was received of the loss of the Maoriee in the engagement. There were various statements as to the number killed, but the probable truth is that the total in killed and wounded was upwards of two hundred ; and amongst these several chiefs of distiiction have been named upon good authority, one of them being no less a personage than Marin Waero, Kingi's brother. The Maories allege that they found and buried all the slain on our side, to the number of seventy-eight. Since that time several parties from the Waikatos have joined Kingi. Within a week the rebels at Waitara had enclosed their two pahs with a strong palisading, and were busily engaged in otherwise fortifying their position ; and the Taranaki and Ngatiruanui tribe., considering that they had driven the troops from Tataraimka, a small settlement near where the battle was fought, took possession of the land, and proclaimed that they would not make peace an any terms. Further, the same tribes give out that they were determined to have a au d native u ouvteirueliegn previous~ h k a n t o w a ns strong h on e g t a King t i P O t i a s t in progress for the election of his successor. This, however, has been opposed by the Government authorities, on the ground that in the king movement are embodied all the elements of a protracted war—in fact, a war of extermina tion ; for there is much reason to apprehend that many of the tribes, now neutral, would in the event of any further reverses to our troops, bo likely to join with the rebels in a desire for a native king. The king's flag -staff was cut down at Wares, and the rebel tribes ab ove -mentioned have threatened to cut down the Queen's at Mount Elliott. This threat, however, was vain, for in a few days a large force of seamen and marines from H.M.S. Cordelia, Iris, Niger, and Elk formed an encampment there. On the 2d July it reprtecl that there were 940 rebels at Waitara, eh-