The Sun. — London, England, 1860-09-10 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, Bh. Bm.—Afternoon, Bh. .57m To-monitow.-Morning, 9h. 44m.—Afternoon, 10h. 30m, . ~ ,,,, , ,-101! ) , ~,. -,. o, fi, , , ,, A 4 a , ..,-,.-,,,,t. f ,„„___,, Py ., p.. 47/1 " 11 ' , ._ . -f--- A ''' '' ~ -- 4-- r.S t ,;--,- ,‘,•. - , __ _ -4 . ' -.:7• • ~, o -4 ' - R.O ur b 4 r. • , ~ , .1. L THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lome, Mr. J. B. Baskstone. THIS EVENING , the pertormanoes will oommenee with THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. Charles Mathews, Buckstone, Compton, Chippendale. Rogers, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins. After which, PAUL PRY. Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews. Commence at 7., A DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. THIS EVENING. a new drama, by Dion Bourcieanit, en titled THE COLLEEN BAWN. Messrs D. Bonrcicault, D. Fisher, Billinoton, Falconer, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer. Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. After which. SHE 'WOULD BE AN ACTRESS. Miss Agnes Robertson, Mr. W Smith, and Mr. P. Bedford. To conclude with MUSIC HATH CHARMS. Mr. David Fisher. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7 . Box-oftlee open from 10 till 5. No charge for booking. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, £l. Orchestra Stalls, ss. •, Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, al: b. • Pit Stalls, 2a.; Pit, ls. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, le ; Gallery, Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. _A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.- Proprietor and Manager, Mr. WM. BATTY. Crowded Houses.—Second Week of the celebrated Dela vanti Troupe, Mr. GeOrtre Hutchinggon, and the Wonder of the World, the Great Little Menoni. A Grand MID-DAY PERFORMANCE will take place on SATURDAY next, Sept 15, commencing at Two o'clock. This Eyeniniz, Lord Byron's splendid Hippo-drama of MAZEPPA AND THE WILD HORSE, with entirely new and beautiful scenery, costly costumes, and Appointme nts, introducing the largest stud of highly-trained Horses, Po nies, Buffaloes, and Camels in the World. To be Thllowed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders of the day, including the Greatest Equestrienne in the world, Madlle. de Berg, and the Wonder of Wonders, Little Menoni. Doors open at half-past 8, performance oommenoe at 7. Box-office open daily from 11 till 4. Stage Manager—Mr. Sc. "" l • Director of the Arena—M. Felix Revolti. CANTERBURY BALL CONCERTS.- EVERY EVENING, A Grand Selection from MARTHA, And Selections from DINGRAH, TROVATORE, MACBETH, And numerous other Entertainments. Balcony, is Hall. 6d. Comic Vocalists - Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), and C. Marshall. The ETHIOPIANS, consisting of 17 performers (organised expressly for this Establishment). for the performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with Segro delineations, anecdotes, &c., in addition to the usual entertainments. The Fine Arts Gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.-Svw OFFICE, SEPT. 9, 1360. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 68—this day at noon. 50—lowest this morning anti during the night. 56—highest since noon yesterday. BAnomaTER-30. 19 ; rising again. WrxD—North-Easterly ; moderate, with dull cloudy weather and cold. It rained a little in the night, and heavily in the country. Afternoon, dull and cold. The wind changed to S.E. _ SEPT. 10. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 60—this day at noon. 42 —lowest this morning and during the night. 57—highest since noon yesterday. BAROMETER-30.12 ; falling again. Wrxn—North-Westerly; fresh, with fine weather, but cool. TEE SUN, 7LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, 1860, THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, SEPT. 10, 1860. GARIBALDI! GARIBALDI !! GARIBALDI FOR EVER ! ! ! The deed is done and Naples is free. Blessings be on GARIBALDI ! He did not bounce about free ing Italy from the Alps to the Adriatic, but he has stamped the " Idea" of his soul's ambition on the heart of his country. He promised little—but has performed much. What appeared madness to others was to him the promptings of inspiration —he laboured as in a vision and followed the di recting hand of Providence for the liberation of his country from a thraldom as unparalleled as it seemed hopeless, and he has achieved it! Honour —all honour be to him ! As we anticipatad on Friday the news is con firmed to-day. On Saturday GARIBALDI walked or rode into Naples simply with his Staff. He had no soldiers with him. His conquest was not of the sword but of the spirit ! The path was strewed with the flowers of peaceful victory and the grate ful tears of a delighted people who could not restrain their joy in the excess of their wondering bewilder ment of intoxicating rapture and doubt. The 'scene was too good to be true—they could hardly believe in such unexpected emancipation. The hand of the LORD truly seems to have done the good deed, and none so fitting as GARIBALDI in working out the miracle. And now comes the critical point of the drama. The Bourbon King has fled to Gaeta, on his way to Spain or Austria. Indeed he wanted to hand over his fleet to Austria, but the men would not budge— not they ! They rebelled, it is true, but when the worst comes to the worst, delicacy as well as loyalty lose their virtue. There is seldom any loyalty for a fallen despot although NERO had flowers planted on his grave. The marvel is how this coward-King hoped to hold on in the midst of such unequivocal demonstrations of distrust—disloyalty and even dismay at his own irresolute conduct. Some say_ the POPE has done it all—but the POPE has quite enough on his own hands without caring for worth less sinners. That FRANCIS IL has been a bigot is unquestionable —he was worse —he was cruel—rapacious and un forgivingly unmerciful to extremity and what is he now an outcast—a Right Royal outcast ! We learn by Mr. REUTER'S telegrams that France is becoming noasasy at the position of the POPE, and warns Sardinia against any interference with the States of the Church. France cannot expect that the States of the Church will remain quiet when their neighbouring houses are on fire. It is against human nature and contrary to all comm on sense. The temporal dominion of the POPE must be done away—modified it cannot well be. In the end, it will conduce infinitely more to the sacredness of his spiritual power, and prove a blessing to his flocks. Discordant elements cannot harmonise with any benefit to either. France will, therefore, do well to let matters take their course. When NAPOLEON, then at tha head of the French Republic, put down the Roman Rep u blic in order to buy over the Priestly party to his aide, he sold liberty for a ptirpolSe ; and now, having gained his purpose, he throws them aside, in fact, thou g h not in manner. Even he will find that the end of things is not yet; though his tenure of power be only in his might, he will rue his per fidy and curse his evil stars. If there be perfidy on Earth , Hypocrisy abhorred— It is when Freedom sham es h er bi r th By ruling with the Sword And LOUIS NAPOLEON has done all that and much —very much more. But hi s d aytof reckoning is at hand. The nations around look ,n him with distrust, and his own people begin to question the m an- Strong in outward appearance, but weak at heart, he will yet find that honesty would have been his best policy, as it is the only policy of u p. right and 'good men. , For the .a Vie' many readers who like to ex aiine for thinntielves, we gave a lengthy document on Friday, from the Report of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue. To -day, for th e sa k e o f other and more numerous readers who would like to know a little about it, without reading it, we offer a few remarks on its principal items. First in order stands the Excise. And far above all other duties, in its profitableness to the national exchequer, stands the duty on spirits. Were the nation to adopt a Maine Liquor Law, not less than £10,000,000 would be sacrificed under this head alone. But to this would have to be added £6,850,000 for malt also ; for, though what pays duty is used for making beer and porter, yet these are, as the neighbours to every beer -shop know too well, intoxicating beverages. We are certainly far enough removed from the possibility otsuch a law, but it is a curious subject for speculation, how we could supply such a gap in the Budget if it were but to be made. It seems, however, to be a steadily increasing tax ; and all that the Maine-force men can do is to push up the duties to the utmost height which will not defeat both their own objects and those of our Chancellors of the Exchequer, by encouraging smuggling. One sin gular fact is mentioned in the Report, though it does not seem to have struck the Commissioners in that light. The Excise has been needlessly, vexa tiously, and expensively stringent in its regulations for the distillers. The treaty with France provides an extra duty of 2d. only per gallon, as compensa tion for the peculiar obstructions to which our dis tillers are subjected by the Excise. The distillers, however, convinced the authorities that the disad vantage under which they were placed, compared with foreigners, was not less in money than nine pence halfpenny per gallon. As the treaty surtax could not be raised, the Excise equalised things, by removing a considerable number of restrictions, and making more equitable allowances for waste. It is not easy, therefore, to doubt that the abolished restrictions amounted to a heavy charge on the customer, with no corresponding advantage to the revenue. The treaty has rendered us, doubtless, this little service, such as it is. We could only wish it had been in some article of less questionable utility. It is gratifying to notice that smuggling is en the decrease, and that the export trade in spirits is very largely increased. The Malt Duty is also in a prosperous state, since allowing for the anticipation of duty there is still a very considerable increase in the amount. The manufacture itself was also larger than that of 1859 by 1,760,399 bushels. It appears that on account of the higher duties on spirits in Scotland a considerably larger quantity of beer was con sumed there ; and that the free admission of foreign barley, with an improvement (certainly much needed) in its quality, has enabled the maltsters to meet the increased demand, It is also in contem plation to make the trade in malt free by removing the prohibition on the importation of foreign malt, and also the disadvantages, which are very serious, under which exporters of English-made malt now lie. In regard to beer, also, it is grati fying to observe a considerable increase of expor tation—almost five-and-twenty per cent.—on that of 1859. The Report, which reckons its year up to the 31st of March, speaks of five years in succession most prosperous for the pro duction of hops. Though twelve thousand acres have been withdrawn from cultivation, the average annual produce has amounted to 61,000,0001b5. ; while, for the 10 years ending in 1854, it was not quite 36,000,0001b5. per annum, the diminished acreage yielding almost a double return. Hop-growers, however, tell us that as the duty re- : - mains the same, and interferes with the sale largely, they are frequently worse off with a large crop than with a small one. And, that hence has arisen, in part, the agitation for the repeal of the duty. The crop will, we presume, this year, be small enough. The last year's duty was not much under half a million. The next subject on which the Commissioners comment is that of Stamps—a class of duties which now follow us into every transaction of life. No where can you escape stamps. The fury of the waves, and the fierceness of fire, and the even which creates widows and orphans, instead of moving our Chancellors of the Exchequer to pity for your dangers or calamities, only move them to demand a stamp-tax on your providence in insuring. You ought, then, to hazard your property, to gamble with it—Oh dear, no ! the " stamps" fix their mark on your cards and dice, as well as on insurance policies. You marry, down come the " stamps" upon your license or certificate. You think better or worse of it, and get a divorce but already the " stamps" have clutched some, £5,000 from the Divorce Court itself ! You are sick, but the " stamps" have been before you to the doctor, and branded your patent medicine. You are, it may be, so full of health and vigour that you must foot it over the moors or the fields with your pointers and gnu—again the " stamps" have you with their license. In two cases, those of letters and newspapers, we acknowledge that the stamps represent some service done ; done, how ever, so dearly to what a trading company could do it, that " stamps" assert their right to a full half of what you pay. And then do what you will affecting property, draw up " deeds or other in struments"—meddle with " Law, Equity, or the Exchequer," go even to the " Admiralty," and " stamps" still keep their mark upon you. Draw up the most common agreement, write a letter to your banker for money, or to pay money for you, draw a cheque even to yourself, issue notes as a banker, receive money from your neighbour, get his promise to pay—in fact, make money, or take money, and in many cases pay money, and the " stamps" are down upon you. They o mnipresent follow you now to the registry office, fixing them selvescopies of the reg i s t ra ti on o f bi r th s an d deaths, on of marriages and baptisms alike. And not only that, but they go* with you to your warehouse, and not a sale, transfer, or delivery of your own goods can you effect there, but the " stamps" will have their share. They haunt your whole life like-evil genii. You are stamped in your business and in your pleasure ; in your precaution and your recklessness ; you live a stamped life and you die a stamped death ; for the stamps of her MAJESTY'S legacy and probate duties wind up the results of your mortality. ~.. Lucky for us if we are not stamped out of 9.11 patience, and almost out of existence at last. IVe may expect now that every year the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in his anti-budget consultations with " the departments," will put as one of his first questions—" And what new st amps, gentlemen ?" And, as the great King offered a prize for the invention of a new pleasure , so the prizes w ill b e a t the Exchequer for the invention of a new s t amp Promotion in the civil service by merit will become almost identical with promotion for discovering something fresh to stamp. The point of merit will be, that the stamp shall be too small to create a hubbub, too difficult of evasion to fail in applica tion, and associated as much as may be with what people must do or very much like to do. We may presume that none of our English Chancellors will aspire to imitate VESPASIAN, but they seem to be on the high road to temptation. We beg to suggest a stamp —one on long speeches in the House of Commons. it should be on a rapidly ascending i scale—after, say, the first half hour. Mr. GLAD ' STONE might have had something handsome from it this session. Enough, however, for the present ; we must soon have a glance at the Legacy Duties and Income Tax, Everyone who has read the wonderful history of the Splendour and Downfall of Ccesar Birotteau, by HENRI DE BALZAC, will remember vividly the manner of his reception by those great moneyed people, bankers, Ministers of State, usurious mil -1 lionaires, and others, when poor CIESAR, the deco rated Perfumer, is in quest of a few hundred thou sand francs to stave off impending bankruptcy ! How he is snubbed, cajolled, insulted—how he is everywhere unsuccessful in his applications for assistance—how he walks down the staircases of the rich man's house with a purse as light but a heart far heavier than he had walked up them with—how ruin closes round him as inexorably as closed round another the metal walls of that dreadful prison-house called The Iron Shroud, described years and years ago in Maga with so powerful a hand by WILLIAM MUDFORD, and since then (indeed but very recently) reprinted in the first volume of that beautiful little series popularly known as " Tales from Blackwood." How all these painful incidents in the career of CESAR BIROTTEAU are depicted with a pen of gold upon tablets of ivory by the magic genius of DE BALZAC, the readers of DE BALZAC will very dis tinctly bear in their recollection. And so, bearing those incidents in their mind, will they not sub scribe to the wisdom of that sentence discoverable in a far different work, that sentence which says, 0" It is well known that the large fast man is en couraged even without capital [i.e., under our pre sent monetary system, under the unnatural mone tary system dating back to A.D. 1844, the year of the ever-memorable and lamentable Bank Charter Enactment] ; while the small, hardworking, plod ding man, requiring the slightest assistance never gets it" This passage—the wisdom of which is born from the experience of countless individuals— is.discoverable, we have said, elsewhere than in any of the witty and sparkling books of DE BALZAC— it is excerpted from a volume much less pretentious in its character, yet, be it said, a volume very re markable and noteworthy nevertheless. The sen- tence above quoted in effect is taken from p. 403 o: Mr. JOHN GROSSMITH'S "Government upon First Principles"—a comprehensive political treatise of which we have already spoken in these columns in terms of well-merited commendation. The fragmentary passage but just now transcribed from the page which has been subsequently parti cularised, occurs incidentally in the course of one of not the least curious chapters in the volume, viz., chap. cxxiv., a chapter headed simply " The Policy of the Whigs considered with regard to the Currency." It constitutes altogether one of the most admirably epitomised yet all-sufficient exposures of the ill results accruing to the nation at large from that disastrous policy, in its application to the deli cate and complex question of the currency that we can at this moment contrive to recall to our remem brance. Whoever may still remain, from some mysterious and altogether inscrutable reasons, in fatuated with a credence in that marvellous and entirely irrational Bank Charter Act, that has now for 16 years consecutively been crippling our commerce and currency, and half strangling our monetary circulation ; whoever may still cherish a belief in this astounding delusion, we would ear nestly recommend to glance through the seven pages of that one hundred-and-twenty-fourth chapter of Mr. GROSS:MTH'S thoughtful treatise upon " Go vernment on First Principles." It demonstrates, as clearly as conclusively, the fatuity of the Whig policy applied to the currency ; the insanity, we might almost call it, of the Bank Charter Act of 1844 ; the miserable selfishness of the arguments advanced in favour of that melan choly enactment by such moneymonopolists asJoNEs - LLOYD, Lord OVERSTONE. Quoth Mr. GROSSMITH (p. 402), as we have for years past in these columns been insisting interjectionally, in spite of ourselves, in defiance of all our " liberal" predilections—" I can no longer distinguish between Toryism and Whiggism, except that of the two I believe we may expect more from the former than the latter." He reminds his reader of the vigorous and earnest effort made by Lord DERBY, while in office, " to grapple with the difficulty of the day ;" of his penetrant allusion to the distress of the operatives ; of his noble recognition of their civism and discretion when ex claiming, "All honour to the good sense and loyalty of the operatives !" Besides, argues Mr. GROSSMITH in continuation—He (Lord DERBY) was the one to put before the country at large those timely and startling statistics which demonstrating, among other things, that " while our exports had been £308,000,000, the imports had been £468,000,000, leaving a balance of —0160,000,000 of imports over exports." Whereupon, asked Lord DERBY significantly, " How had those imports been paid for ?" Answering his own inquiry, of course, as it alone admitted of being answered, namely' thus—" The country had had to export £84,000,000 in bullion in consequence of the disparity between its imports and exports." In point of fact, the system of the currency in this country as it now stands is, to all intents and purposes, the fabrication of an artificial ANEURISM in England's monetary circu lation. Arguing in favour of a measure " that shall legalise a domestic issue, that from its very nature of fixity can only be applicable to home purposes," Mr. GROSSMITH says (and with reason), " Let any statesman who might fancy any danger that could arise out of this issue on tax convertibility put down in figures the amount of the wealth of Great Britain; he will then see how small a proportion £20,000,000 [the amount proposed] is to that MIGHTY SUM, which would render Exchequer notes safer than gold, backed as it must be by the whole nation's worth !" If only we had a Financier who would try it !—instead of an idly experimental Chancellor of the Exchequer content to blow bubble Treaties and " fly"' Paper in a manner so lament ably and ludicrously different. • It is now some years when the telegraphic sys tem was proposed to be extended to India, that we advocated the route by the Euphrates as being the most direct as well as the shortest by a thousand miles ! But the pedantry of some and the self-in terest of others preferred the Itcd Sea route. Well, we even concurred in that so that we might have a telegraphic communication with India. And we went further — we said two lines are better than one—let us have both. But no ! The dog in the manger would have it all his own way—and so the Red Sea route was adopted —yes—and has failed ! and now we have no line at all! People in office may call this business, but we and the public call it by its right term JOBBING, jobbing at the expense of the nation, and the sad irre deemable loss of human life. Why, had the Euphrates lire been adopted the woeful re bellion in India might have been averted, and tens of thousands of lives been now in b e i ng and oceans of money saved. As it is, red-tapism has triumphed, and plunged India into an un fathomable gulf of debt, and the Red Sea line overwhelmed in everlasting captivity like PHARAOH'S host ! Really, it is a melancholy pic ture to muse on, but painful to reflect en. And why,ln a commercial country like this, should these misdoings be permitted ? Are we not a prac tical people—and yet we are done—done with our eves open. The Government, or that portion of it to which the business of these commercial gua rantees appertains, seems to decide by the role of contrary—they cannot, or will not, see things in the obvious common sense view✓ of trade, policy, and commercial advantage. We will not impute dis honest motives, but their conduct, judging by the result, is anything but loyal or patriotic. In another column will be found an article which we have copied from the Mechanic's Magazine, an excellent journal devoted to the march of improve ►nent in its most liberal acceptation, on the route by the Euphrates. It points out the many mani fest advantages likely—nay, sure to accrue from the adoption of that route. In short, by a steady and conciliatory policy with the Arabs, we might secure a well organised police all along the line, by giving the natives an interest in its prosperity, and bring India within a very few days' range of home. If knowledge be power, the sooner that know ledge is obtained the more powerful we will become. Surely, then, it is the bounden duty of Govern ment to lend a helping hand to men who have devoted so much time, labour, and skill like Mr. ANDREWS to the development of a line which promises so much for the welfare not only of India generally, but of England as well. Let Lord PALMERSTON look to it, and that promptly. LAFE6I NE kV The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, MONDAY. The Moniteur, in a telegram, from Marseilles, states that brilliant fetes have taken place there in honour of their Majesties. The Constitutionnel in an article signed by Grandguillot, speaking of the intention of Sardinia to intervene in the States of the Church, says : " We should grieve to see Piedmont accomplish an aggression which would incontestably separate her from the.lmperial policy. " Franee being the Protector of the Pope at Rome, cannot but disapprove that any armed as sistance should be given to the insurrection in the provinces. " We hope Piedmont will not renounce the prin ciples of respect due to international right, which alone can preserve our alliance with her. " We also trust the King will avoid a political fault which would be a misfortune for Italy." NAPLES, SEPT. 9. Garibaldi has entered Naples alone. Great eh thusiasm prevails. He has disavowed a national committee illegally constituted, and has ordered the Prefect of Police to punish its members. Garibaldi has consigned the fleet and the arsenal of Naples to the charge of Admiral Persano, and proclaimed Victor Emmanuel as King of Italy. The Dictator has confirmed Romano as Minister of the Interior, and appointed Arditi Director of Police, General Cosenz Minister of War, and Pianelli Minister of Justice. The capitulation of the forts is expected to take place tomorrow. NAPLES, SEEr. 7. The chiefs of the National Guard have gone to arrange with Garibaldi the programme of his entry into Naples. BOLOGNA, SEPT. 10. Other towns in the Romagna have revolted to the cry of " Victor Emmanuel for ever !" The telegraph wires and bridges have been de stroyed in the province of Umbria. Urbino is free. TURIN, SEPT. 9. The insurrectionary movement in the Marches and in Umbria is extending. The provisional Go vernments which have been established have sent deputations to the King of Sardinia. They are en route for Turin. The report that Sardinian troops have already passed the Roman frontier is unfounded. A reply to the ultimatum sent to Cardinal Antonelli is awaited. FLORENCE, SEPT. 9. According to advices from Perugia, General Lamoriciere has threatened to set fire to every town which should rise in insurrection. Many families are escaping. TERNI, SEPT. 8. It is said that a conspiracy of Italian officers against the foreign officers in the Papal army has been discovered. Fears are entertained for the safety of the Belgian and French Legitimist officers. TURIN, SEPT. 8. The manager of the Southern Railway has been requested to prepare for an extraordinary transport of troops. The 3d, 4th, sth, and Bth corps d'armee are about to be placed on a war footing, and the soldiers on furlough have received orders to join their regi ments. NAPLES, SEPT. 7. The Neapolitan navy has refused to follow the King to Gaeta. GENOA, SEPT. 9. News received from Tuscany announces that Garibaldi entered Naples on the evening of the 7th instant. The telegraphic communication with the Romagna is interrupted. BOLOGNA, SEPT. 9. Insurrections have broken out in Montefeltro, Urbino, and in other towns of the province of Ur bino. The tricolour flag was hoisted, to the cry of " Long live Victor Emmanuel !" The inhabitants of Pergola, the revolted districts of Sinigaglia, and other parts are hastening thither, armed, in order to support the movement. Delegates from the Marches have left for Turin to solicit the protection of Victor Emmanuel. BOLOGNA, SEPT. 8. An insurrectionary movement has taken place in the province of Pesaro; 400 insurgents have attacked and repulsed the Papal troops. The tele graphic communication with Naples is interrupted. VIENNA, SUNDAY MORNING. A highly important official telegram from St. Petersburg was received here yesterday. In sub stance it as follows : " The Emperor Alexander and his Government sincerely desire a perfect reconciliation with Austria. " The good understanding between Russia and Austria ought never to have been interrupted. " The necessary arrangements for a meeting be tween the two Emperors will be made without delay, and measures will be taken to put an end to the present state of things, which is no longer tolerable." FRANCE. BOURSE, Sept. B.—A report has been current that the King of Naples has positively left for Gaeta, but the announcement has had no effect on the market. Business remains in the same inani mate state, and with but trifling variation in prices. Threes, for the Account, which opened at 67f 95c, are now at 67f 921 c. Mobilier, 680 f ; Orleans, 1,376 f 25c; Mediterranean, 88'7f 50c; Austrian, 472 f 50c ; Lombards, 468 f 75e. The following are the last quotations :- 41 per per Cents ... 95 50 Credit Fancier 895 Do end month.... 95 50 Belgian 41 9B 3 per Cents Do. end ra , ,nth Bank Shares 2BOO ' Austrian ( redit Mobilier 681 25 Spanish Threes. Do. Account 6BO Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash, Account. Orleans l3BO . .. 1378 75 Northern New ditto B7O .. 868 75 Lyons and Mediterranean 887 50 .. 886 25 Geneva 360 .. Southern Western Eastern Sardinian _ -- 375 .. 375 Aiistrian Lorrbard - SARDINIA AND ROME. A letter from Turin, dated the 6th inst., in the Debats, states as follows : "It is perfectly true that our Government has sent a demand to the Pope for the immediate dis bandment of the foreign troops in the service of the Holy See. No reply has as yet been given, but every one expects that it will be negative. In such case Piedmont will occupy the Marches and Umbria. The condition of those provinces becomes daily more serious. The Opinione, which receives official information, announces in semi-official terms the project of intervention in the Roman States. Two corps d'arnzee are ready to act; the one is com manded by M. Cialdini, the other by General Sonnaz. These two corps will act independently of each other. General Fanti rEsmains Minister of War, retaining his rank as Major-General. In case of operations he will join the army. As regards the departure of the King for the army, the an nouncement is premature, but some of his luggage has already left. " M. Farini returned here this morning from his visit to Florence and Bologna. " It is clear a crisis is at hand. The maintenance of the temporal power of the Pope in the sole city of Rome, and the suppression of the private army of the Pope, are facts of no inconsiderable import ance. On the other hand, the annexation of the Marches and Umbria is indispensable for Naples and Piedmont to form one United kingdom. It is equally certain that by occupying these provinces with its regular army the Government wishes, so to say, ipso facto to put an end to the mission of Gari baldi, unless he should wage war against the French at Rome and the Austrians in Venetia. Political reasons are, therefore, not wanting to explain, if not to warrant, the occupation of the Marches and Umbria. " Men here do not dissimulate that the end of all this will be a war with Austria, despite the assur ances relative to non-intervention. The Govern ment has received information that the Austrians have been concentrating large forces at Borgo- Forte, from which point she can threaten the Romagna ani Modena. " Here military preparations are being carried on with the greatest activity." AMERICA. QUEENSTOWN, MONDAY. The Cunard steamer Etna, Captain Anderson, which left New York, on the 30th ult., has ar rived. She passed the steamers City of Manchester, Kangaroo, and Prince Albert, all bound west. Exchange on London at New York was quoted 1091 110. Money had advanced. Stocks were rather lower. MONTREAL, AUG. 30. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales reviewed yesterday the troops of the garrison and the volun teers. SADLER'S WELLS THEATRE. For about two hours previous to the time an nounced for the opening of the doors of this theatre on Saturday evening an immense crowd collected outside the principal entrances, each being anxious to obtain admission to welcome their favourite actor on the first night of his winter season. The fact that Mr. Phelps had, since the close of last season, become sole lessee seemed to increase desire, and at half-past six o'clock more than sufficient had assembled outside to fill the house in every corner. The rush on the opening of the doors was tremendous, and in a very few minutes every inch of ground was occupied. Dur ing the recess the interior of the theatre has been very handsomely re-decorated, and the appearance of the house with its crowded and good tempered audience was exceedingly interesting. The play chosen for the opening night was Shak speare's "As you like it." Great curiosity was evinced as to the ability of the new names that ap peared amongst the company. On Mr. Phelps, who sustained the part of Jacques, being recog nised, a tremendous cheer arose, and for some moments the action of the play was interrupted, but on silence being restored it proceeded, and through out the whole of the piece he delighted the audience with his masterly conception of his part. Amongst the new candidates for the " sweet voices" of the habitues of this Shakspearian Temple was Mr. Hermann Yezin, an American actor, who first ap peared in London a short time ago at the Surrey Theatre, v'here he, during a brief but bril liant season, was recognised as one of the most promising actors that had ever crossed the Atlantic. The part awarded him on Saturday night was Orlando, and we fearlessly say, that an equally delightful or finished performance has not been witnessed for years. The audience were in ecstacies with him, and more enthusiastic or well deserved applause could not have been bestowed upon him had he been their leading favourite. As a special mark of favour he was honoured with a call at the termination of the third act—a circumstance by no means common with the critical audience of Sadler's Wells. That Mr. Vezin is an actor of great and eminent ability cannot be denied, and we cordially congratulate the talented lessee on the great acquisition he has made to his unusually good com pany. Mrs. Charles Young gave us a delightful impersonation of Rosalind, and Miss Josephs, an other new aspirant for metropolitan honours, as Celia, showed that she possesses much and varied talent. The old favourites were all heartily wel•' corned, and altogether Mr. Phelps's managerial reign was inaugurated under the most promising and favourable auspices. THE COURT. It is understood that the Court will leave Balmoral for Edinburgh on the 15th instant, and remain at Holyrood until the evening of the 17th, when her Majesty and the Prince Consort, with the Royal Family, will proceed to Osborne. It is the Queen's intention to embark on the afternoon of the 22c1, at Gravesend for Antwerp. Her Majesty and the Prince Consort will be accompanied by the Princess Alice, and attended by a limited suite. The Reyal party will land on the morning of the 24th, and proceed at once, by Frank fort, to Coburg, where they will be met by the Prince and Princess Frederick William of Prusiia and their infant Prince. The Queen's stay at Coburg, which will probably be from ten to fourteen days, will be entirely of a private character, as will be the whole of the expedition. On the return to England her Majesty will stop two nights at Coblentz with the Prince Regent and Princess of Prussia, and a similar time with the King of the Belgians at Brussels. Lord John Russell will be in attendance upon her Ma. jesty as Secretary of State. Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Marie of Russia and a numerous suite honoured the Baron and Baroness Brunnow with her company at dinner on Saturday. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess d'Aumale, with the Prince do Conde, have honoured the Countess of Waldegrave with their presence at Dudbrook Cottage, Essex, during the past week. His Excellency the Netherlands Minister has left town for the Continent, on leave of absence for some weeks. The Marquis and Marchioness of Clauricarde leave Homburg this week, for Paris, on their way home from Germany. The Marquis of Salisbury, after visiting his estates in Scotland, and waking a visit to the Earl and Countess of Shrewsbury, at their seat in Staffordshire, arrived at Hatfield House, Harts, on Friday last. The marchioness and family arrived the same day at Hatfield, from Bournemouth. The Marquis of Exeter returned from Homburg on Friday, and has since left town for Burghley House, near Stamford. The Earl and Countess Fitzwiiliam, who arrived at Wentworth House, Yorkshire, early in tle past week, from Ireland, will entertain a large party during the pre sent week for the races at Doncaster. The Countess (Dowager) of Glasgow and the Hon. George F. and Mrs. Boyle have been among the guests of the Earl and Countess of Eglinton, who, during the last fortnight, have been receiving a succession of visitors at Eglinton Castle, Ayrshire. Vicount 'Alaynard is, we are able to announce, in better health, and hopes are now entertained that his lord ship will recover from his recent severe illness. Lady Stuart de Rothesay arrived in town a few days since from the Continent, and has since gone on to Ford Castle to visit her daughter, the Marchioness of Waterford. Lord James and Lady Rachel Butler and Viscount Hamilton, M.P , are staying with the Marquis of Aber corn at Baron's Court, county Tyrone. The Right Hon. Sir James Graham, Bart., M.P., left town early in the past week for Netherby Hall, his seat in Cumberland. Lord and Lady Aveland and the Hon. Misses lieathcote have arrived at Normanton Park for the season. Prince Constantine Ghika, nephew of Prince Alexander Ghika, the former Kaimakan of Wallachia, and Minister of the Interior under his uncle's Government, has arrived in Paris. Amongst the grand marriages on the Continent which are announced to be on the lapis, and which it may be interesting to our readers to hear of, is that of the daugh ter of the Duke de la Pagerie with an Austrian Prince. Mdile. Ney, daughter of the Duke d'Elchingen, who died in the Crimea, is about to be married.—Court Journal. A letter from Turin states that the King of Sar dinia has sent Count Castiglione and other officers of his household to take the Grand Cross of St. Maurice and St. Lazare to Abd-01-Bader, LITERATURE. Elkerton Rectory : being Part Second of Twenty Years in the Church. By the Rev. Jas. Pycroft, 8.A., Trinity College, Oxford, author of " Recol lections of College Days." Booth. Many readers will have a lively recollection of " Twenty Years in the Church, a book which excited a considerable degree of attention last sea son. The present volume is another step in the same direction, and it carries out the object desired in a very effectual manner. No one can accuse the writer of being at all bigoted in his views, or bitter in his expressions regarding religious subjects. It will be seen that he enters into the difficulties that beset the path of many a clergyman in a way that proves he is well and intimately acquainted with what he speaks of. It is at first a very arduous undertaking for Henry Austin to become fixed in his new rectory, for his health had been so much injured by his previous over-exertion and great privations that he had almost lost his voice, and it was some time before he could sufficiently exert himself to read the service through. This delay gave rise to many ungracious remarks and rude reflections on the part of those who were jealous of his having been appointed to the living. After he had surmounted the first difficulties many more of various kinds arose, and, quiet as the stranger might suppose the rectory to be, far removed from the strife of cities, it will soon appear manifest on perusing these details that " envy, hatred, malice, and all uncharitableness" flourish alike in segues tor.4 shades as in busy towns, and wherever man exists his worst passions will be aroused and his greatest enmity put in practice for the purpose of gain. Those who liked the first part of these sketches will not be disappointed with their suc cessor, and the favourable reception already accorded to this work proves that the hopes of the author have not been frustrated, and that in appealing to common sense and justice he has found hearers to listen to his arguments. In inculcating the spirit of charity he has pointed out the highest duty of a Christian life. Too many zealous advocates and excited partisans will do anything to put down their opponents, and rejoice to see them covered with confusion, but none of them will endeavour to sooth the suffering sinner. They can speak for ever on the terrors of the judgment, but can find no words to tell of the glories of mercy. It.will be found that a very fair and consistent course is taken in the arrangement of this book, which re flects great credit on its author, as nothing is more difficult than to write a religious work in a becom• ing spirit and appropriate manner. THIS DAY'S SHIPPING. LONDON, Sept. 10.—Wind this day at noon—North- Westerly; light breeze, and fine weather. POOLE, Sept. 9.—Wind N.E.—Sailed—Anderson, for Newfoundland. DEAL, Sept. 9—Wind N.E.—Arrived—Zetland, from the River for Quebec. PLYMOUTH, Sept. 9.—Wind E.—Arrived—Owen Glen dower, from London for Melbourne. Sailed — Escort , f or Swan River. CLYDE, Sept. B.—Wind E.—Arrived—Sydney, from Quebec. Sailed -Ann Adamson, for Rangoon; Ann Gray, for New Orleans. FALMOUTH, Sept. 9.—Wind 4 ,N.N.E.—Arrived — He r Majesty's steamer Osborne, from Cork; John Paxton, from Taganrog. OFF QUEENSTOWN, Sept. 7—Arrived —Mary Hamilton, from Old Calabar for Liverpool. COWES, Sept. 9.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—Caroline, from Akyab. SCILLY, Sept. B.—Wind N.E.—Arrived—Triumphant, from Hamburg, and sailed for St. John's, Newfound land. - - - --- LAMLISH, Sept B.—Wind N.—Sailed—Henrietta, for New Orieans. OFF FALMOUTH, Sept. 9.—Wind N.N.E.—Arrived• Caesar Auguste, from Newcastle for Genoa. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, Monday Morning. Wind E.N.E. Arrived, Sept. B,—Famillan, from Onega ; Atalanta, steamer, from Jersey; Alliance, steamer, from Havre; Argyll, steamer, from Carentan ; Sarah, from Newcastle ; Charles Napier, from Sunderland ; Dispatch, steamer, from Jersey; Duke of Cornwall, steamer, from Dublin. Sailed.—West Lothian, for Sunderland ; Limerick Lass, for Newport ; Nancy, for Sunderland ; Duke of Cornwall, steamer, for London. Arrived, Sept. 9.—Margaret Louise, from Riga ; Bril liant, from Jersey; Adler, from Konigsberg; Margaretha, from Hamburg ; Minerva, Mentor, Premier, and John Crow, from Sunderland ; Anne, from Seaham ; Florida, from Newport; Georges, from Cherbourg; Rainbow, from Seaham. Sailed—Express, for Jersey. (BY SUBMARINE AND MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.) GRAVESEND, Monday Morning. Wind E.N.E. ; fine. Arrived, Sept. 9 —Charlotte Caroline, from Onega ; Alma, from Dantsic; Vigilant, from St. PetersLurg ; Halicoa, from Cronstadt ; Agnes Louder, from Korsor ; J , hn Barrow, Belle, Ida, Eugenie, and Vigilant, from Archangel; Karem, from Apparanda ; Bernal-4 na, from Berbice ; Preston, from Stettin; Anna Elizabeth, from Pillau ; Vissery, from Worcum ; Antine, from Dantsic; Sophia, from Leer ; Kron Prands Frederick, from Sonner sund ; Lady Ann, from Engelholm ; Fraulien, from Ske leftea ; Phor, from Memel; Maria, from Aalborg; from Dantsic ; Arcos, from Sulea ; Helene, from Emden. Arrived, Sept. 10—Ida, from Wolgast ; Isabella, from IVoolgast. Sailed—Edward Hawkins, st DE eamer, for Cronstadt. AL, Monday Morning. Wind E.N.E., fresh. Passed—Phantom, schooner, and Bella Lionda, barque, from the north, for the west; Robert Twentyman, from London for the Canaries ; 6,219, third pendant, scho , ner from the west, for the north ; Kin g fisher, barque , from i Shields for Barcelona; Constantia, brig, from Hartlepool, for Gonna ; Mincino, from Hartlepool, for Cadiz ; Pru dentia, from London, for Cardiff; Gondola, from Newcastle, for Genoa. THE FATAL COLLISION ON THE SHREWSBURY AND HEREFORD RAILWAY.—The adjourned inquest on the body of Mr. Jobson, whose death was occasioned by the meeting of a passenger and goods train on the Shrewisliury and Hereford single line of railway on the 27th ult., was resumed on Saturday before the coroner for the district and again adjourned for a fortnight. , EXECUTION OF GALLAGHER AT LIVERPOOL On Saturday Thomas Gallagher, who was convicted at the last Liverpool assizes for the murder of his wife, was exe cuted at noon in front of Kirkdale Gaol. A large con course of spectators assem bl e d to witness the ghastly cere mony. When he appeared on the drop the culprit had an emaciated and feebl e appearance. He looked for a f ew seconds upwards, hi s li ps movin slightly as if in prayer. Calcraft, the executi oner, adjusted the cap an d rope, and, after shaking hands with the executioner, who alone accom panied him on the scaffold the wretched man was launched into eternity. With a f ew ali g ht s truggles he died THE MR. ANI)REa'S ROUTE VIA EUPHRATES AND THE INDUS. • On the banks of the Thames stands the city whose in -dwellers rule the earth by commerce and the productions to which commerce gives rise. The in-dwellers of London are the kings of commerce, the lords of true human progress. And amongst the items of this commerce not the least important are the leaders and rulers furnished to nations whose rulers and lawgivers are not of indigenous growth. Inland from the mouth of the Indus lies a huge territory fertile in the growth of working men and rich products, over which, by various cir cumstances, some disreputable and others reputable, and mostly the latter, we have acquired the right, sanctioned by a positive duty, to rule ; for although it may not be the best of all possible governments that exists in India, it is the best that India has ever experienced, and one that nolndian ruler could replace without restoring the ancient savagery and the laws of mere brute force. The basis or all law —force, physical and mental--has been tested (no long time back) with innumerable odds of num bers against English rule, and we have come off victorious ; and the Indian Peninsula is hence forth as much a part of the British Empire as is Lancashire. We have, up till now, had our supplies of cotton chiefly from the slave labour of the United States. We are to go on increasing our supply from India in virtue of the railways we are opening up, and thereby finding employment, not for slaves, but for Indian men and women, as free as their intel lectual and moral condition will permit, and with no impediments save those of climate to being on equality with Englishmen. But we must not shut our eyes to the fact that there was once a time when the spun and woven fabrics of cotton were all the products of the Indian loom, and that it was from the brains of Watt, and Crompton, and Ark wright, and men of that stamp, that the steam engine and power-looms came forth, so multiplying individual power that the 3d. a-day rice-fed Indian workman was driven out of the market. But the time is coming when cotton Lancashire, so far as capital, machines, and masters are concerned, will move itself to India, for the simple reason that there the manufacture is indigenous, while in England it is exotic, and that while workers in England are not to be found under ls. 6d. or 2s. a-day, they are to be found in India at 2d. to 3d. And thus will disappear the periodic panic thought, " What will become of England and her mass of cotton workers should American slavery disappear P " Thus will English commerce re-establish itself on a firmer basis than ever, and the indigenous staple of English born men shall grow yet stronger by their liberation from employments belonging to delicate taper fingers and an etiolating atmosphere. When our ships shall bring to Europe cotton in fabrics instead of in bales, with all the arts of machinery added to the enormous aptitude of millions of cheap - workers, our fellow-subjects, our prosperity will be placed on a basis that no amount of envy in rival nations can undermine. The value of a country for commercial purposes consists in its roads by land or water, other things being equal. But for its internal roads, the great highroad of the sea would be of comparatively little value to England. For a long time the ocean was the only English high way to India, though some few travellers occa sionally made their way by land. But facile transit through Europe, the Mediterranean, and Egypt, gave rise to the " Overland Route." The enter prising and ill-requited Waghorn improved the route, and stopped French monopoly by finding out an improved track through Germany, with an outlet at Trieste. But the Red Sea was the high way, and thepower of France has been systema tically directed to get possession of Egypt in order to levy toll on our Indian transit. The Suez Canal has been a mere pretext for a French colony, with ulterior views. We believe it was Lord Gleneig who first set afloat the idea of an alternate route by the Eu phrates, the shortest way to India. At that time railroads were not—as passenger and goods lines on the large scale. But out of this has grown gradually the proposition of a railway communica tion with India, which will in time become a fixed idea; and the Euphrates railway is the portion to be first made, i. e. a railway from the port of Se leucia, situate in a nook of the Mediterranean be hind the island of Cyprus, to the first navigable portion of the Euphrates river, the railway ulti mately to be carried to the port of Bassora, on the Persian Gulf, steamers from thence stretching across to the port of Kurrachee, near the mouth of the Indus. We have the choice, in leaving Eng land, of g oing through France, or Germany to the Mediterranean by asking leave with a passport, or of going round by the Straits of Gibraltar with out asking leave. It is not likely that we should consent to pay a French toll for permission to pass through Egypt under any circumstances; but were Egypt an English colony, it would not be the best highway to India. It may be objected that the territories ate not ours. Still they belong legally to a very old ally of ours, and one certainly as faith ful as our ally across the Channel. But he is a weak ally, whose dominions are falling from him. Well, we must help him to govern his dominions so long as he holds them ; and when he can hold them no longer we must either inherit them, so far as our necessities require, or at least take care that no new owner takes possession to impede our path. We can, if we will it, prevent any chance of this by conferring such obligations on the inhabitants along the line, that they may serve as well as our own colonists. The line will pay directly by virtue of its local traffic—indirectly, as a highway to India. The line passes through a fertile but scarce cultivated land, the seat of ancient civilization, half peopled with an intelligent race of men, full of energy, which goes into peculation chi e fly because it us left try . n, without a mar k et f or Arabs we hold t o b e at l east without The race oc of p . atio equal, if not superior, to the modern Gr ee k s in di in telligence, and superior to them in honour and good faith. " I fear the Greeks though bringing gifts in their hands," said the Trojan of old. Byron says of the Greek in the pbem— Unlike the honest Arab thieves so brave, He would have hospitably cured the stranger, And sold him instantly when out of danger. If we make this Euphrates line, we shall attach to us—possibly, in the fut ure , make our own fellow subjects—a race of indomitable freemen, who will garrison that river against all interlopers loving war and aggression better than commerce. It is by this process of bettering the condition of those we go amongst, that our power and influence extends, and by which we root out the anarchy generated by conscienceless despots. The wild Highlanders of Scotland were tamed and civilised by the process of finding them employment; and wild tribes of India have been civilised by the same process. All that we read of in the palmy days of the Moors o Spain, excelling in arts and arms, may be repro duced, under English auspices, in the countries lying between the Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf. Did not Layard, with small means at his disposal, create a corps of attached workmen simply b y digging amongst ruins; and so, doubtless, will Lesseps, till such time as they discover that not commerce but conquest is the ultimate aim of those who push forward Lesseps as Mr. Staunton " struts a pawn" on the chessboard. Nothing but a shadow prevents this work from being done—the shadow of French intrigue, which is busy with the impracticable process of trying to convert the Mediterranean into a French lake. If war must come, we can doubtless carry it on a s before ; but the realiy weakest ruler at the present time is the French Empetor. Writers may talk of his inscrutable purposes, but it does not require much discern ment to detect in him a compound of Cagliostro and Fourrier—a huge sham, which will collapse when ever the universal mistrust which surrounds his [ mysticism shall open into the light of day. Of real work, productive work, work that changes the face of a nation, work that builds up a permanent character and reputation, he has done nothing. R e deteriorates national industry and wastes national resources, while he destroys national morality. When we compare the results of his career with that of Garibaldi —the one greeted with universal mis trust, and the other with universal love and rever ence —we recognise in the one moral weakness which saps physical power, and in the other moral strength which creates a constant g rowth of physical power. The one is a bandit c hief, the other a leader of free men —the one ephemeral, the other permanent. As surely as the elder N a poleon was defeated in the East by our fathers, so surely will his successor melt away as a s hadow when confront e d. this ' We have been led in to digressio n because we feel strongly the a bsurdity of stopping any repro ductive work of peace in fear of a shadow which has no reality. And this very work of peace is also the truest defence in war. With English war ships at Vie port of Seleucia and in the Persian Gulf, the railway connecting the two might become a moving land fortress, garrisoned by some new Wil liam Feel and his bluejackets, with the labour of mov i ng their batteries taken off their hands, and with their bands free to fight them. If the Go vernment be wise, they will not let slip the chance of making a permanent highw y to that India which will in process of time become to us an enormously enlarged Lancashire,— &Janice' Alagazine. The number of strangers at present in Paris is so large that some of the hotel-keepers are obliged to hire rooms out of their houses in order to lodge their customers. There is a large attendance at the theatres and exhibitions, but the evenings have become so cool that open air amuse ments find few frequenters. of a firm Loa Per Ran ditti Cen of sha pei dul effe wit the ant are and M of A Unit Do. Mar Nam not Nov 185 Do. d New New COD Do. d In ands East ash cont 3 per 3 per New India Di ' .tt Co's Exci Di Bra s Di F- 1 11e1 Di Melt Pen Ppm •;pa] Turl Ven the par had Tb der to 1 sav sort Th ( and Th ( the, a Ber Wit] anoi tivi Prigs