The Sun. — London, England, 1859-10-18 00:00:00

THE SECOND BORDEAUX SPEECH. (From the Examiner.) The speech of the Emperor of the French at Bor deaux is the most remarkable and pregnant event of the week. It will serve the Italian cause more than all tha blood and treasure spent in the late war, and has already spoken comfort and encou ragementsio the friends of light and liberty all over Europe. The speech is a buffet dealt on the Garonne, to be felt on the Tiber and the Arno. We are pleased to imagine the box on the ear administered by the Emperor propagating itself through Christendom, like the celebrated yawn described by Pope in the " Dunciad." From the burning cheek of the arch bishop the blow has lonc , since reached the vener able countenance of the Holy Father himself, and reached him at the most opportune of all possible moments, just as he was raising hii paternal arm to repeat the correction of Perugia. But the expe rience of the Imperial rebuff will not be confined to Italy. We feel the gratifying conviction that the Ultramontane faction in the Church of Rome will feel the same wholesome and humiliating sensa tions through its entire nervous system, even to its extreme fibres in Ireland, making the ears of ut most Cullen tingle. The consciousness that the Imperial slap in the face was incurred by the commission of a gross in discretion must have greatly improved its effect. The cardinal-archbishop approached the Emperor with that presumptuous address, as if it were ex pressly to catch what he got. Flattery was never more offensive ; unasked advice was never obtruded with greater imprudence or effrontery. if Louis Napoleon was ignorant of " the secret of the pros perity and glory of " his reign," he learned it from the clergy of Bordeaux, who, like their order in all times and places, see nothing but the Church, no interests but those of the mitre and the stole : " We now, site, pray with more fervour, if possible, that God may give you the means, as He has given you the desire, to remain faithful to that Christian policy which has called down a blessing ; upon your name, and which is, per haps, the secret of le prosperity and the source of the glories of your reign." The plain English or plain French of this is that the Emperor owes his power and importance exclu sively to the Church • and why did the Church patronise him, why did the French clergy make Louis Napoleon what he is ? No explanation was ever franker or more characteristic. Because his rule was a blessing to France ? By no means—in such a motive there would have been an admix ture of earth, for which there is no place in breasts of priestly purity. By his services to the altar alone the Emperor purchased their high-minded and single-minded devotion. For what had he done ? He had "restored the Church and the priest hood their crown of glory !" He had " inau gurated his great destinies by restoring to the Vicar of Jesus Christ his city, his people, and the in tegrity of his temporal power !" Now we know the meaning of " a Christian policy" in the mouth of a Cardinal-Archbishop. Of course the Emperor had only "to remain faithful" to it to continue to enjoy the same distinguished favour. And to press such fidelity . the more upon him, the address proceeded to remind him how he had formerly sketched out that policy for himself: — "We pray with unswerving confidence, with a hope which deplorable events and sacrilegious acts of violence have not been able to shake, and the motive of this hope, the realization of which appears now so difficult, is, after God, you, Sire, who have been, and still wish to be, the eldest son of the Church ; you, who spoke these memorable words The temporal sovereignty of the venerable head of the Church is intimately connected with the fame of Catholicism and the liberty and independence of Italy.' " It was doubtless thought a marvellous stroke of art to reproduce " these memorable words," uttered under other circumstances, when the events that now agitate Italy were yet in the womb of time. But the Archbishop must now feel that it may not be wise to remember everything memorable. King craft proved more than a match for priest-craft at Bordeaux. The Emperor made the memorable words infinitely more memorable by the adroit turn he gave them, at the same time putting a perfectly fair and honest construction on them : " I thank you for having recalled my words, for I enter tain the firm hope that a new era of glory will arise for the Church on the day when the whole world will share my conviction that the temporal power of the Holy Father is not opposed to the liberty and independence of Italy." This was only a preliminary rap ''over the knuckles ; the box on the ear was yet to come. There had not been a syllable about the liberty and independence of Italy in the archiepiscopal address, any more than about the liberty of France, which was not what the clergy bargained for when they brought their loyalty to market. It was a sharp rebuke in itself to tell the clergy of Bordeaux that there are such things in the moral world as liberty and independence. It was a truth they had no notion of until Louis Napoleon seized the opportu nity of enlightening them ; but they know it now on the word of an Emperor and " the eldest son of the Church!" The heavy blow, however, and the great dis couragement was delivered in the succeeding pas- sage : " I cannot now enter into details which the grave ques tion you have touched upon would give rise to, and I con fine myself to reminding you that the Government which replaced the Holy Father on his throne can only give him counsel inspired by a respectful and sincere devotion to his interests. But he is anxious, and with good cause, as re gards the day, which must soon come, when Rome will be evacuated by our troops; for Europe cannot allow that the occupation which has lasted for ten years shall be indefi nitely prolonged; and when our army withdraws, what will it leave behind it ? Anarchy, terror, or peace ? This is a question the importance of which no one can deny. But, believe me, in the times in which we live, to resolve it, we must, instead of appealing to ardent passions, endeavour calmly to fathom the truth and pray to Providence to en lighten Peoples and kings on the wise exercise of their rights and extent of their duties." It was here that the tingling of mitred cars, near and remote, began in earnest. " Churches and chapels instantly it reached, • St. Peter's first." The clergy had just had the assurance to assert that the occupation of Rome was th© chief glory of the empire, and the main source of its strength. " I am sorry you think so," replies the Emperor, " as that occupation has already lasted too long, and cannot last much longer. In fact our army must withdraw, and pray, my Lord Archbishop, has your wisdom considered what the state of Rome wili be upon the evacuation ? You take it upon you to counsel me, but it would be more within the sphere of your duty and office to tender your advice to the Pope's Govern ment, which must speedily be left either to enjoy the peace of which he has laid the foundations in good government, or combat the anarchy which he has sown the seeds of in misrule. And now, since you have kindly given me this opportunity of telling you my mind, you shall hear a little more of it, and perhaps what I say may reach to other dioceses, to Orleans perhaps, and Poictiers—let me have no more of your appeals to the passions, which holy men ought rather to calm than excite. You forget in what times you live. I must teach you to understand your epoch. Not even the Papacy itself is above responsibility to the opinion that now sways the world. If the Papacy will only use .its temporal power as it has hitherto used it, it must rely on itself for its defence. I understand the honour of France better than you do, and it is out of the question that her arms can continue to be disgraced by supporting even the Head of the Church himself against the fair and reasonable de mands of his people. Go back to your cathedral, 4nd instead of imploring heaven to protect the Pope in resisting the will of his subjecte, and the im provement of his dominions, pray that he may re ceive the light he so much wants both in exercising his rights and discharging his duties." We have developed the imperial correction a little, even at the risk of diluting it, which now can do no harm, the Archbishop of Bordeaux having had his box on the ear with all the intensity of the briefer and more vigorous original. It will be interesting to watch the seqtal of these things, and particularly what steps the Church will take with " her eldest son" after such rude behavi our. And "the Immaculate Patroness of Bordeaux," will she continue after this to extend "her maternal protection" to the Emperor ? " You will acquit yourself," said the address, " of a debt of gratitude to her by preparing a triumph for her son in the person of her Vicar. Such a triumph is worthy of you, Sire. It will put an end t o th e anx i e ti es o f the Catholic world." Ungrateful and graceless E mperor, who will 'wither pay his debts to heaven nor to its represen tative, on earth. He has plainly got the heretical notion into his head that the triumph of Rome is not the same as the triumph of France in the pre sent state of Italy and Europe. And ho has hit. 1 1130 n a way of his own of `putting an end to the anxieties of the Catholic world. His Bordeaux speech has done much already to relieve them. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Mr. Benson, Ludgate-hill, has just published a new illustrated pamphlet on watches (free by post for two stamps). It should be read by all who ara about buying a watch, as it contlins prices and important information as to—What watch to buy I where to buy it and how to use it [ADVERT'S EMENT .1 —Holloway's Pills .-- Autumn Ail- I meats. — There are diseases peculiar to ach autumn us6lly much increases the sick list. season; es but diarr kon, cholera, and many chest complaints, frequently ei pre vail at this time. Purifying the blood is the most ra.tia and certain antidote to all of them. This can be accom plishedon most readily and effectually by a course of Hollo way's estimable pills, which act directly by expelling all impurities, and healthily stimulating every organ. They wonderfully assist digestion, and promote wholesome acti vity in the kidneys, liver, and lungs, and strengthen the nerves. These pills may be taken with benefit and safe y t by all invalids, w hatever be the malady, for their purifying . and harmless nature admirably adapt them to all ages, con otitutioas, azid climates. THE DOCKYARD COMMISSION. The committee appointed to investigate the system pursued in her Majesty's dockyards have published a voluminous report, on which a vast amount of care and labour has evidently been bestowed. The field of inquiry was large, diversified, and compli cated, and he who only has made the division of labour in these huge establishments a special study is fully competent to pronounce on their merits . and demerits. 'We therefore approach the subject with a full consciousness of our unfitness to pronounce any decided judgment on the various points involved, and shall narrate rather than criticise ; and indeed the fact of the committee not being unanimous would alone inspire us with more than ordinary caution. We have no doubt that the Lords of the Admiralty selected the committee with every due regard to the interests of the public service, and that the several members have given their opinions with an entire conviction of their correctness ; nevertheless we cannot but attach considerable weight to the objection raised by Mr. Chatfield in his dissent from the report. That gen tleman is the master shipwright of Deptford, and he says, " while I alone have represented the Go vernment shipbuilding department, there have been two officers of the committee who are profes• _ . sionally engineers, and to this circumstance, per. haps, may be attributed the proposal of the ma jority to regulate the dockyards upon factory prin ciples, and to adopt the systems practised in the private trade. It is also proposed so to mix up the duties of the chief engineer with those of the mas ter shipwright, that, if the suggestion be adopted, delay, confusion, and divided responsibilities would result therefrom, to the great practical inconve nience of both departments." As a dissent has been recorded it is proper to state that the com mittee consisted of five members, of whom Rear- Admiral SniFixt was chairman ; with him were as sociated Mr. Chatfield, whose professional standing we have mentioned ; Mr. Murray, chief engineer of Portsmouth ; Mr. Laws, storekeeper of Chat ; iind Mr. Robert Bowman, civil engineer and ship-builder. One of the principal recommenda tions of the majority of the committee, composed of all the members except Mr. Chatfield, is to enlarge the sphere of the superintending duties of chief engineer in the dockyards, and con tract those of the master shipwrights. In mat ters of this description much allowance must, be made for that bias in favour of parti cular systems which is, with rare exceptions, ob served in persons trained in different habits of life; but Mr. Chatfield appears to us to use the language of plain common sense in asserting that whatever is essentially a part of the hull of a ship is legiti mately within the province of the master ship wright, while whatever constitutes a portion of an engine falls within the business of the chief engi naer. However, the committee have decided other wise, considering that the dockyard smitheries, the saw-mills, and the block-mills should be transferred from the shipwright to the engineer department. They also recommend that the dockyard mill wrights shop be abolished in all the yards where there is a factory, and that the locksmiths, plumbers, braziers, and others of this class of operatives, should be transferred to the factory. To all these changes Mr. Chatfield objects, arguing that if the chief engineer is to have the superintendence of these several departments he ought also to have the control and selection of the machinery in the victual ling yards, and the appointment of the men in the flour-mills,bakerv, and chocolate and mustard mills, since he is bound to keep in good working order the engines and boilers which supply the motive power, and to repair defects in the machinery. Mr. Chat field, in' support of his dissent in reference to these departments, quotes the decision of the Admiralty, of the 12th February, 1849, which placed the whole smithy department under the master shipwright, the chief engineer being distinctly made subordi nate to him ; but the majority of the committee propose to reverse this arrangement. This is the main; but by no means the sole, point of difference, and we have put it thus prominently forward that the general reader may perceive at a glance the leading . features of the controversy, which turns on the division of labour. The instructions given to the committee are spe cially to report on expenditure, so as to unite effi ciency with economy, and their attention was in consequence directed to the cost of constructing a man of war. This comes home to the pocket of every tax-payer, as a contributor to the navy esti mates.. It appears that the cost for shipwrights' labour on eight corvettes of 1,462 tons each, lately built in the dockyards, and not fitted for sea, ave raged 109 s. 81d. per ton, and on one of those fitted for sea it was £173 lls. per ton. Statements, how ever, have been furnished to the committee show ing that two ships of this class, but slightly infe rior in tonnage, named the Cossack and the Tartar, originally contracted for by the Russian Govern ment, but now in her Majesty's service, " were built in a private yard on the Thames for about 48s. per ton for shipwrights' labour; and that the cost for shipwrights' labour on such ships, if built with scantlings, fastenings, and workmanship similar to ships of ber Majesty's navy, and fitted for sea, would be about 525. only per ton." Allowing, then, amply for any superiority in the quality of work, the difference in cost is enormous. A comparison is instituted between ships of the same tonnage built at the yards of Devonport, Sheerness, Chatham, and Woolwich, and not fitted for sea, and the extreme difference per ton is £4 4s. 6d. and £6 18s. sd. This large variation applies to the Pearl, built at Wool wich, and the Cadmus, at Chatham, arid it should be noted that both these ships were built from the same drawings and from the same scheme of scant lings, frame bolted and otherwise bolted through out. Another case is cited of the Shannon, built at Portsmouth, and the Chesapeake, built at Chatham. They were both 51 gun frigates ; the tonnage of the former was 2,651, of the latter 2,335 ; the Shan non cost £5 ss. 10d. per ton, and the Chesapeake £3 19s. 7d. The Mersey, of 3,727 tons, cost for shipwrights' labour £14,842; the Orlando, £19,505; and yet they were of the same tonnage, form, and dimensions. Such discrepancies certainly demand a very sifting investigation. The majority of the committee desire to assimi late the management of work in the Royal dock yards to the system observed in private establish ments. To any such change Mr. Chatfield objects, and brings forward some very strong arguments against the practice adopted in the private yards. He quotes the authority of Mr. Brown, now lead ing man of shipwrights at Woolwich, who says that in the Government yards, in planking a ship, 'every plank is examined most minutely; if there is any defect it is taken out, and if any rent it is im mediately caulked, but no such exactitude is ob served in the private yards. Here, then, is one cause of increased expenditure, but the outlay is more than compensated by the superiour sound ness of the ship. Mr. Brown maintains that the Government work " is three times as well done and worth three times the money." Mr. Bascomb (mea surer of Woolwich yard) condemns ships built by contract, and points out many instances in which shipwrights " scamped the work." This dis honesty is corroborated by many other witnesses. In the gun boats received at Deptford yard numerous defects were detected ; wormholes were discovered, causing leaks, the fastenings were im perfect, and the caulking inferior. The floating batteries are exposed to similar censure. One, named the Trusty, reported on at Sheerness yard, entirely belied her name. Both the materials and tie workmanship were bad. Indeed, Mr. Chat field does not hesitate to state in emphatic terms, that " the practices of private trade, if introduced into the public departments, will be ruinous to the British navy." He then adduces proofs of the soundness of ships constructed in the Government dockyards. He refers to four men of war respec tively built at Portsmouth, Devonport, Sheerness, and Chatham, whose sterns were opened when con verted into screw propellers, and their state was most satisfactory. We are as much inclined to insist on a strict eco nomy as the most exacting Radical, but a mere money cheapness frequently proves but wanton extravagance. An article may be dear at any cost, and we may pay too much for gold. As the great bulwark of our power, the Royal navy must be effi ciently maintained, for if we lost the command of the seas we should almost be dwarfed into the di mensions of a German principality. London would cease to be the centre of the commercial world. •The manufacturing districts would lose their colonial markets. All our transmarine for tresses and stations would pass into foreign hands. The stake is too perilous to be estimated in pounds, shillings, and pence, and certainly it is not in our dockyards that financiers, with more presumption than knowledge, should essay their experiments.— Morning Herald. A SWELLMOBSMAN AT THE GREAT EASTERN. — A well-known Liverpool pickpocket, named William Samuelson, dressed in the latest fashion, with a mock dia mond ring on his finger, and a real gold chain round his neck, was amongst the visitors to the Great Eastern on Wednesday, but had no sooner stepped on board thanhe was accosted by Detective-officer Carlisle, who politely requested him to walk into one of the cabins, where ho searched him, and found in his possession a purse containing a railway ex cursion ticket, available for a month, £2 in gold, about 30s. in silver, and a recipe for making mushroom ketchup, also £4 or £5 in loose silver, six empty portemonnaies, and several cambric pocket handkerchiefs. Upon making inquiries he ascertained that the purse containing the railway ticket, &c., belonged to a Mrs. Purdie, of Shaw-street, Liverpool, who was one of Sanlnelson's fellow passengers in the steamer which had brought him alongside. The unfortunate swell was taken before a magistrate who, after hearing the evi dence committed him for trial at the )3eatimaria peewits. StJN, tONbON' TUESDAY EVENIN been no greater than it was in these 64 districts, 91,652 lives would have been preserved in that year. England has been divided by theßegistrar Gene t - leetAproßD Phan ear. ral into two classes of registration districts of abou The Conferefite assetlibled at 11 o / doele this equal populations, one consist in g mainl y of urban and the dthet of rural inhabitants, and it is f ound morning to hear the address of the president of the that the rural death rate teaches only 22 in 1,000, Department of Public Health. while the urban is 26 . The facts we p ossess at p re- The Right Hon.: W. COWPER (the pres ident) often taken as a matter of course, but like all other in proportion to the density of populati on ; but spoke as follows : — Health being a g ift of n a t ure is sent support the theory that unhealthines s p revails such gifts, it will fly away if not carefully guarded, this, like other branehes of the subje ct, re q uires and the public health of a large modern town re- I believe, lead to elucidation. An examinatitm of the soils on which quires for its preservation almost the labours of epidemics mostly prevail, would, Hercules. Man's life is a struggle, and the very some remarkable conclusioN, for the different in existence of his body is the result of an unceasing fluences exercised over certain diseases by clay and contest between destructive and repairing influ- gravel soils has been too much overlooked. Bus ences. At every breath he exhales, at every, action the light we now possess is sufficient to prove the of muscles and nerves, a portion of h is substance startling fact, that in England alone a hecatomb of _ wastes away and is cast off, and at every breath victims, at least 100,000 of our people, are being that is drawn in and - every mouthful that is di- annually sacrificed to ignorance and disregard to gested that waste is repair:d and that loss is sup- the laws of health, and that in addition to these plied. The forces of nature must be directed by 100,000 deaths, far more than a million of persons his skill, lest they injure instead of serving him. He are suffering from serious illness from the same must never rest in his unceasing struggle to over- cause. For the more complete confirmation of this come the tendency he finds in everything around fact, we require that the total mortality should be him to get into a wrong place. Even cleanliness, separated anddistinguished according ta the diseases the most obvious of simple duties, is the result of by which it is occasioned. An important contribu the never-ending removal of impurities from places tion to this knowledge has been made by Dr. Green they defile to their proper receptacle, and the how. He has extracted from the general returns cleanliness most important to health is just the mortality occurring from diseases which prevail that which is least reg arded—cleanliness of under those ev il conditions of life which are most the air that is breathed. The most refined within the power of th cmu e omnity to remove. p e rsons, who would indignantly refuse to en - These are-1, typhoid fever ;2, diarrhceal diseases ; ter a room with soiled walls, and muddy floor, 3, pulmonary affections • 4, contagious diseases of and dirty company, sit complacently in ba l l - children, consisting of scarlatina, measles, and rooms and theatres, where every one is breathing whooping cough ; and 5, the nervous diseases of impure air, soiled with the fumes of gam or wax infants. On comparing the mortality of districts candles, and with other pernicious exhalations. at the top and bottom of the scale of health it ap- The impurities in which they are steeped are dis- pears that the difference between them is nearly regarded, because they are not visible, and people equal to that mortality which occurs exclusively who are most particular about the materials of their from the five classes of disease thus selected : dinner cannot spare a thought for what they are AVERAGE MORTALITY TO Mo 1,000 LIVING. re Exclusive breathing ; and yet one is no less important than the Total. preventible of those other. The accurate fitting of modern houses leaves Diseases. 16Disaa1 ses. 5 . 1 few crevices for the passage of air, and builders are R ural districts well satisfied when they have prevented any escape England and Wales 23 .. 12 • • 11 27 .. 16 .. 11 of air, except up the chimney. But the law of ex- 1 -1 3r n(14 . 3n h pension by heat has provided that vitiated breath Birmingh am......... am ...... 3228 .. 16 .. 11 Leeds shall rise towards the great ocean of air rolling for Manchester. 12 12 a height of 50 miles above us, in which all impuri- Li ver p oo l district .. 38 .. 25 .. ties are lost by dilution, but our impervious ceili n gs From which it appears that if the excessive 'Aorta stop the intended ascent, and drive down the cooled lity from these more preventible diseases could be carbonic acid gas to be again inhaled with injurious reduced everywhere to the amount which is found results. But a hole in the ceiling and a hole in the in these selected rural districts, one-half the deaths wall, permitting the natural movement of air, makes in England would be prevented, and two-thirds of nature our friend again instead of our enemy ; and if we take the precaution of admitting the external the deaths in the district at the bottom of t he scale. air by a channel passing round the back of the fire- I think no one will deny that the preval ence and fatality of these five classes of diseases co uld be place, our current of air flows in warm instead of cold. But cleanliness in the atmosphere of towns checked by the energetic employment of compre hensive sanatory measures. Typhoid fever has its is not so easily obtainable. From tall chimneys home in ill-d.raieel places, and requires for an ally and short chimneys, from furnaces and chemical some impurity in the air. It never springs up in works, from sinks and gully-holes, from back yards the homes of the wealthy, though it sometimes in and middens, from gutters and lay-stalls, innu- vades them by means of contagion. The nature and merable pollutions are continually pouring. Na_ locomotion of the cholera poison has not yet been tare has provided against all these defilements of discovered, but all experience shows that only amid the air, if we but investigate her laws and take the the decomposition of organic substances can it de trouble of obeying them. The smoke that shrouds velop its crushing power and acquire its full viru our great towns in perpetual gloom might be rolled fence. This is also notoriously the case with its away to let the sunshine appear if we w ould but kindred diseases. A large proportion of fatal dis take the trouble, for opaque smoke is but ill-burnt cases arise from working in overheated and too dry coal that ought to have been cons umed in the fur- workshops, and from inhaling dust, fluff, or other arid impurities. The death rates of young children nace. With reference to the refuse nf tow ns, t he afford an instructive test of sanatory circumstances , theory is cle - tr, but the practice is lax and careless. Every animal and vegetable is nourished by assi- allowing only Isar the different demands upon the milating to its own use particles of the material time and attention of the mothers in different substances, such as air, water, and , food, which are places. The sensitive and delicate frames of very continually circulating through its organism ; but young children show more directly the influence of by a general law, the substance which has been so their dwellings than the more hardened and resist used is rendered unfit for a repetition of the same use until it has been decomposed and entered into ing constitution of adults. It is naturally found that where most deaths of infants are reco r d ed a new combination. Care is, therefore, required to there are also more weakly and scrofulous childre n, hasten and render harmless the decomposition of the refuse which might accumulate near the who drag on a!debilitated existence, and perpet uate a race deficient in stamina and vigour , both of habitations of animals and men. Nature is fond of moving in circles, and the elements body and mind. In Mr. Simon's report to the Board of Health in 1858, it is stated that every year more which rise from the earth for the nourishment than 23,000 children under five years of age die of of plants, and thence nourish animals, and thence inflammation of the respiratory organs , besides nourish men, will, if restored directly to the earth, afford nearly 4,000 whose deaths are attributed to phthisis ; nourishment and fertilisation to the soil from which they proceed, while, if allowed to wander in and these 27,000 deaths are so unequally distri buted that the corresponding death rate , in proper the air they will exude a poisonous influence. So tion to the infantine population, ranges from 213 in all water brought from rivers or wells for distribu• the healthiest district of England to 2,897 in the unhealthiest. In Combo's work on Physiology tion through a town should, after passing through it the houses, complete its sanitary course by washing is stated that.loo years ago, when the pauper in the refuse into the earth, and ultimately regain its fants of London were received in workhouses, and original purity by percolating into the river or brought up amidst impure air, and with unwhole spring. At Rugby and at Watford this law of na- some treatment, not above one in 24 lived to be a tare is strictly observed; an apparatus of pipes and y ear old, so that out of 2,800 received into them, hose conveys the liquid sewage from the streets to 2,690 died ; but when the conditions of health came the farm, which it irrigates with profit. But in the to be better understood, an act of Parliament was case of large towns, where the drains carry away a obtained obliging the parish officers to send the in great bulk of water and gravel from the surface fants to the country, and this frightful mortality drainage, and where irrigation is not in request, was reduced to 450 instead. of upwards of 2,000. this naturatmethed is inapplicable. The mosttempt- The large establishment for pauper children at ineearrangement is at once to convey all into the Norwood used a few years ago to be ravaged by nearest river, and these outrages against the purity epidemics, and to suffer a high rate of average of rivers, that ought to be the pride and pleasure of mortality. The sanatory arrangements that have towns, are everywhere attempted to be perpetrated. been adopted have reduced the average death - The Thames being the thoroughfare of literary as rate to 20 in 1,000, which is one-third or one-half well as business men, having on its banks, within of what prevails among the classes from whom reach of every whiff of odour the Houses of Parlia- the y are drawn, who hive not the benefit, as it is in this instance, of becoming paupers, and neither ment, has found competent defenders, and has by typhoid fever nor measles halve ever originated in act of Parliament been declared exempt from the filthy the new building. In the district school of the Step and s hereafter to become a river main, in ney Union the death - rate has fallen to 17 in 1 , 000 . stead of a gigantic drain. But the - Medlock , i task of receiving the contents of the sewers, The military school at Chelsea affords a striking at Manchester, and numberless rivers of other example of thealresults of sanatory improvements. Dr: Balfour improved the ventilation, apportioned towns, large and small, still want defenders, and it for ccld bathing , and by such measures has sue necessary to declare and maintain that the the diet more judiciously, and secured opportunities cleansing of houses and streets must not lead to the pollution of rivers. The necessity which the Me - seeded in reducing the mortality, which on an aye -on an average of eight years, and the num tropolitan Board of Works believe to exist of cast- rage of 10 years had been 9.5 per 1,000, 4.8 per ing into the sea, at enormous expense, that which, 1,000 it separated from the water and gravel with which ber reported unfit for military service from stramous it is mixed, would fertilise half a country, is discre: and ditable to the mechanical and chemical skill of the of 12.4 other diseases has been reduced from an.average to one of 4 . 6 pa . 1,000. One personal visit nation ; but lam still in hopes that so wasteful and to the single room with stained walls and sickening smells, where a w hole family swam i f or b are slief clumsy a proceeding may be rendered unnecessary, ter—inhaling sickliness at every breath, drinking and that, if the attention of competent persons be green and stagnant water, and swallowing damaged drawn to so important a matter, means of deodo- food—will stir up a more fierce and indignant de risation will before long be discovered, by which sire to come to the rescue and do battle on their be those salutary processes which the soil is adapted half, than the largest array of incontrovertible by nature to produce will be artificially attained figures. We want the acknowledgment both by law without too much inconvenience or undue cost. Some invigorating and manly exercises are needee 1 and custom of a higher standard of the necessaries for the health an d recreation of men who are em of life. The poor law protects life by offering to ployed in sedentary or monotonous occupations. every one in the land who needs it necessary food; but as yet the necessity of protecting life from the Gymnastic grounds have been established near influence of poisonous dwellings has not practically Primrose-hill, in London, and also in Liverpool, by the muni fi cence of an individual. The pastimes of been acknowledged. The races, running in sacks, and dancing, which are principle is in the statute book. The rudiments of phy s i o logy, and anatomy, being revived at harvest homes and similar and h yg iolog y ought to form part of education, par gatherings, show that the universal taste for titularly i-. 4 girls schools ; for until wives, mothers, trials of strength and for humorous games is and servant-maids understand the rules of health not wanting even to this grave generation ; and and something of their meaning, our object can the success which has attended the revival of' old English sports at Wenlock, under the never be accomplished. .Many things which appear trifling in themselves are, in this point Every town should have its parks, where the popu: name of Olympian games, is very enckraging of view, of great importance. It is provokine, lotion may disport themselves on holidays and Sun- for instance, to see the prejudice with which days, and get health as well as recreation from the people adhere to old clumsy fire-grates which give beauties of nature. It cannot be expected that many out a minimum of heat with a maximum expendi towna will receive gifts as noble as that which was ture of fuel. Dr. Arnott has besto wed on the pub conferred on Halifax by Mr. Crossley, on Derby tic a valuable improvement, and the experiments by Mr. Strutt, and on Birmingham by Mr. Adder- on that and other newly-invented grates, which are recorded in a blue-book of 1857, might with' great ley ; but every town may secure a park for itself by advantage be extended. 'Warmth is an important the imposition of a moderate rate to rep? . the loan condition of health, and it is only by our deficiency by which the land is purchased. Comprehensive, of mechanical skill in the arrangements of our and at the same time minute records of the number dwellings that warmth has so often to be sacrificed and causes of sickness and death are absolutely ne- to the ventilation of the apartment. It is very re - c cently that it has generally been admitted that for essary for a sure and steady advance on this sub- the proper government of a town its authorities jest. The official supply of statistics, which is quite must be armed with sanatory powers. The common accurate as to numbers, is at present insufficient for law promises redress for chemical as well as me our purpose. The registration districts are not set. chanical injuries, and will prescribe the abatement out with any view to produce vital statistics, but of everything that can be peoeed to be a nuisance. simply follow the subdivisions required for poor-law tion, the ruling body must take tho direction. If But as the cleanliness of a town requires co-opera relief. They are not coincident with the limits of any sanatory jurisdiction, and do not separate people government is maintained for the protection of per according to the conditions or occupations we desire son and property from breaches of the law, why to compare; so that in local or detailed inquiries the Registrar-General's reports will often not avail. may it not protect, from breaches of sanatory laws, An improvement in the registration of the causes the lives of those subject to its authority, and health, of death is urgently needed, and there is no roa- -which is the 'capital and stock in trade of the son why it should be combined with the registra- labourer ? The local authority must in all towns tion of marriages • but it should be placed as be char g ed with j urisdiction over the air, and be far as possible in the hands of medical men. We want a registration of sicknesses that do not terms- responsible for preventing its purity from being n unnecessarily dealed. The expenses of a local act ate fatally. The easiness with which this might be procured is shown by the weekly publication of have become unnecessary,- and the ample power s of illnesses occurring in the public establishments of the Public Health Act and the Local Govern ment Act may be adopted without expense, and to such the metropolis, which was for some months pub- circum lished by the General Board of Health from infor- stances of the place. One of the g reatest advan- tuges of the last-mentioned act is the facilit y mation gratuitously supplied by the medical officers an extent only as may be suitable to the of health of the metropolis. But though the re- affords fn- altering the boundary of municipal git o turns of mortality are not as com p lete as might be contraction. of the area over which the jurisdiction desired, yet, under the able interpretation of Dr. 'vernment in conformity with the extension and Van, they give us broad and intelligible results. In but I am sorry to say the admin istration of the law fixing the aim to which we should direct our efforts ought to extend. The law is no l on g er in fault, often is. If the good that is to be accomplished it is desirable to ascertain as far as we can the pro portion of the annual mortality which is prevent derstood and more widely appreciated, benevolence able by means within our reach. It is estimated by sanatory administration could be be better un that if all the population were living in a healthy interests of, the poor would bring forth candidates condition, and life were only terminated by natural and the Wile ambition of taking care of the vital decay, the ordinary age at which men and women , would depart would be eighty. But it is more gard of s' ach results now leaves the field uncontested terest, for town ( ;ouncils and local boards where the disre important to know that in registration districts the average annual death rate' 64 out of - 628 ' Jr the mistaken economy of saving the rates to such - low motives as notoriety, personal in is less than 17 in 1,000 persons living. These dis tricts are salubrious in their natural features, and of d' sty is more worthy of respect that: that of a their populations, amounting to 1,000,000, is chiefly Inall . 'who loves not municipal contests or parish de employedrathertho in agriculture ; but, on the other hand, bat ,es, but submits to much that is repugnant to his the cottages are exposed to many of the evils that to stes for the great purpose of preserving the lives we most denounce ; they are not model districts, r .nd health of his fellow-citizens. The chief stum but they are districts from which the chiefevils bling-block in the of improvment is the super are seeking to remove are ab:‘ent, and theyfurnish ( 'ficial and ignorant view so often we taken of economy. a fair practical standard of what is post:ilple to - 'o' Rates that ' are pai . c. arc very palpable, but rat e s . taro. While, then, pefsons die at the rate of 17 .4- that are saved require faith to discern. But it is die on the average of all England, and 3d in t'' ir o e 1,000 in these standard districts, above 22 in, 1.0017 the refusal of easy to demonstrate to any one who will listen that worst urban districts ; and as 419,815 persons cr i d supply is as extravagant in finance as it is heart-- rates for effective drainage and water in 1857, if the mortality of the rest of ED 1 A t e less in feeling. If heelth be not protected by the g tWee tad NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL SCIENCE. local rates, the want of it will draw on the poor rate.' Sickness breaks in upon the independence of those whose wages only suffice for their support in health, and when an epidemic has forced a man to receive parish relief he returns to the same resource with less repugnance on slighter occasions. Fevers are known to spend their greatest virulence on men' in the prime of life, and the extravagance of per mitting widows and orphans to become chargeable 'on others is as gredt as allowing the loss of strong and skilled workmen. Dr. Farr has made an in genious estimate of the average pecuniary value to the community of each human life, and his figures prove what sommon sense would not question or deny, that it is as profitable to the public purse as ;t is consonant to every other human interest to • . execute tra; dictates of natural laws for the preser vation of life. It s:.'!ng to me . an evidence of the backwardness of our civille a '!ion that sanatory sub jects have so little place in genertZ.! politics. And it is remarkable that the 'working classes should never have been made to see how greatly these matters affect their interests. Many agitations have been set on foot among them which have come to nought because not founded on what the rest of the community have admitted to be wisdom and justice. But there is an agitation which I believe would be successful—an agitation for the essentials of a healthy existence. A cry for a new charter might succeed. and certainly would not be treated with disdain, if the five points of that new charter were to be pure air, pure water, good drainage, unadulterated food, and open spaces for exercise. Such a cry as this would rally together all those who, however they may differ in party politics, are agreed respecting the brotherhood of a common humanity, and whose heart's desire is to see no one wanting the simple necessaries of a healthy life. Hitherto calamity only has been able to rouse the public to a sense of the importance of this subject. The losses of our army in the Crimea awakened the military authorities to the necessity of consulting sanatory commissioners. During the two years and a quarter that the campaign lasted, out of an army of which the average strength was 34,500, 20,800 died front :all causes; but of these deaths only 5,000 occurred in action, or from wounds inflicted by the enemy. Two-thirds of the whole mortality arose from other causes more de structive than shot, bullet, or bayonet. An equal number of men of the same, ages would, • according to the average death-rate of the more healthy dis tricts of England, have suffered a loss of only 610 in lieu of 20,000. The astounding discovery that the picked men of the army, the most favoured regi ments, were dying at a greater rate than, the most neglected classes of the community, was required before the ignorant and barbarous customs of bar• rack life could ba remedied. The periodical ap proaches of cholera aroused attention to precautions which have saved thousands from other less strik ing diseases. But it becomes a wise nation not to wait for panics, but to make timely and scientific preparations against every invasion, whether of disease or more visible foes. The health of the people ought to arrest more of the attention of rulers, if it wore only that a good digestion and healthy feel ings promote content, while the lean and bilious Cassios always excite apprehension in those who stand round Cmsar's throne. The present is a time when we may expect to secure the attention of the public. The great questions in agitation are hardly sufficient to occupy men'sminds, or to supply the am munition for party -*carfare. And it may be seriously questioned whether the discussions about the distri bution of political power, the adjustment of taxation, and the extension of commerce, important as they are, are likely to lead to a greater increase of the national welfare than the improvements under dis cussion here in the social condition of the people. That improvement, to be real, must extend to the three great parts of our earthly nature—the moral, the intellectual, and the physical. The three can not be separated. It is in vain that schools and institutes draw upwards to a loftier region, if they are to be counteracted by repulsive homes, in which the atmosphere is so debilitating as to impart even to the women a craving to get from strong drink the stimulus which 'nature is there prevented from supplying. And now I come to the part which should devolve upon the Queen's Government in the general effort for the sanatory improvement of the people. There are some who would exclude this altogether from the functions of Government, just as there are some who contend that the Govern ment is the only body in the country that should be debarred from promoting education or the teach ing of religion. But voluntaryism in pestilence and plague has not yet been erected into a con scientious doctrine, nor have the opponents of com pulsory cleanliness declared themselves to be the party for dirt, but they have found a cry a matter of the first importance in such controversies. Their cry is " no centralisation ;" and they declare that, if the Administration at Whitehall is to have any authority to protect health, the sacred principle of self-government is invaded, and England will be centralised. Nowt I feel as strongly as any one that centralisation, in its proper meaning, is re pugnant to British notions, and ought to be utterly repudiated. It exists in France, where the local authorities are nominated from the capital, and have to act under directions from the Minister of the Interior; but what we have in England is only central superintendence, as in the instance of the Poor-law Board, which is authorised to compel ob servance of the law by the boards of guardians, and to take cognisance of failures or breaches of their duty, and in the inspection of factories, coal mines, and prisons. The central action which is in emerg ence with out constitution, and highly beneficial, is that which renders the respOnsibility of the local governments a reality, which by skilled inspection and official reports secures p ublicity to. their con duct, and only interven es when the powers of the local authority are gr ossl y neglected or flagrantly abused. For some ye ars we had a distinct sanatory department of the Government represented in Par• liament, but it had no power that could be called centralising, in the obnoxious use of that term. It is true it attempted to guide and to teach, but it had no vocation to coerce. It collected the experi ence of particular places where experiments had been made for general information. It published reports on the most pressing and difficult sanatory questions, and its advice was sought from all parts of the country on legal, medical, and engineering difficulties. It aimed at becoming the brain of the sanatory body, diffusing energy and guidance through every limb, but it never assumed the pre tension of becoming arms or legs, and of substitut ing its own action for any other. The powers of the General Board of Health were, doubtless, too limited, and it was taunted with having so little to do. This taunt might have led to the extension of its powers to larger spheres had not its opponents succeeded in its destruction. But out of its ashes arose a plicenix which may hereafter take a higher flight. The medical Officer of the Board of. Health has become the medical officer of the Privy Council, and has to watch any extraordinary epidemic or excessive amount of fatal disease which may require inspection and report. While Mr. Simon holds that important office, its full benefits will be un doubtedly secured. By his comprehensive report on vaccination, he dispelled the doubts a nd suspi cions of the efficacy of that practice which were lurking even in educated minds, and has laid a foundation in which may safely be rested the justi fication of more effective measures for the a bolition of small-pox. The State has a dire ct interest in in gguardingassainst a deteriorat ion of our race. T English wor kman is the best in the world; the Bri tish soldier has never c rossed bayonets with his equal; but the crowding of the population in laisse towns without efficient sanatory provisions, and the want of prudent regu lations in many occupations, have an undoubted dl to en eeble our . people. The day cannot be far stant when the improve ments in steam will expose our island to that which every continental country has endured—a struggle for life or death with •aforeign invader on our own soil, and our national I t and possibly our na y depend en y d on the undiminished tional existence, vigour and boldness of our p men. I can have no ap result ; but I wish to keep in prehension about t . mind that the physiceal strength, the healthy frames, and the contentment of the people are no slight ele ments of our national greatness•• and I am confident that in the enlightenment and , ight feeling of the pi -esent generation we shall find a hearty response when we declare that the public health is of funda mtal i m portance, and demands the co-operation of every on o who can give a helping hand in every class, from the lowest to the highest in the land. It is no small help to me in presiding over this depart ment to have the support of so many of those who have taken the earliest and most prominent part in instructing the public mind upon matters relating to the public health. Close to me sits Dr. South wood Smith, who first expounded clearly the con: ncxion between the prevalence of fever and the ab sence of drainage, and who for so many years has devoted the energies of his benevolent mind to the exposition of sanatory truth—Mr. Edwin Chadwick, to whom we are indebted for those comprehensive and detailed reports which formed the lever by which the public mind was first moved—Mr. Mu co x, .whose admirable-reports to the city of London furnished models for that species of literature, and whose uutiring and -fruitful labours in his official capacity we cannot estimate too highly or acknow ledge too thankfully—Dr. Farr, whose magical mastery over figures in analysing, combining and abstracting, forcing them to speak out the truth, has popularised statistics and invested them with a living interest—and our noble President, the Earl of Shaftezbury, who, directing the Board of Health during the cholera epidemic, exhibited the practical sagacity and self-denying zeal by which he set a ,bright example in so many branches of practical b en evolence. (Loud cheers.) THE BUILDERS' STRIKE. It has been intimated in previous reports that there are some members of the Masters Association who are in favour of a more moderate course than that which has heretofore been supported by the majority. The protracted discussions at the re cent meetings were sufficient proof of this difference of opinion, taken in conjunction with the fact that some of the leading employers have constantly shown a great desire to terminate the struggle, if possible, by undertaking to bring under the notice of the executive any proposals emanating from the operatives with that object. The uniform failure of these attempts on their part led last week to the impression, on the part of the men, that ere long a separation would take place between the moderate and extreme sections of the employers' association, and what transpired on Saturday and yesterday seems to confirm that impression. On Saturday the following official communication was received by the Masons' Committee : " To the Masons' Committee, Sun Inn, Lambeth. " Gentlemen —I invite you to return with the others in Mr. Jay's employ to your former places of work uncondi tionally, without the declaration. " I remain yours truly, " SORN RUODES, Foreman of Masons. "Oct. 15, 1859." Yesterday, in reply to a written application, Mr. Thos. Crisp, the foreman of Mr. I3attersbury, Cam den-town, sent the subjoined : " Gentlemen,—Mr. Battersbury hits boon to the yard this morning, to toll me that he has unconditionally with drawn the document from all branches of his business. " Yours, truly, " THOS. Cnisr.. " October 17th." This intelligence was confirmed at the Paviors' Arms, where the meetings of the other four build ing trades are held, with the addition, that Messrs. Wardell and Baker, of Westminster, had also with drawn the declaration, and in both quarters it was stated that other employers are likely to take the same course. The firms above mentioned will, in the aggregate, employ a considerable .number of those now " locked out." • Mr. Potter, the Secretary of the Conference, re turned to town on Saturday, after having visited some of the principal towns in the manufacturing districts for the purpose of organising local com mittees to procure a continuous supply of funds, if such should be unfortunately required, for the fur ther maintenance of the position taken up by the trades' societies in resisting the document or decla ration, and will leave town again this day, to be present at a great demonstration of the trades of Birmingham this evening. Similar meetings are expected to be held in other towns for the same purpose. Yesterday the Conference made their thirteenth weekly payment to the men on strike, and the eleventh to those locked out. They paid, as before, 12s. to the skilled and Bs. to the unskilled labourers on strike from Messrs. Trollope's, and the usual dividend of 4s. to the masons, carpenters, plas terers, and Woolwich men. To the stone sawyers and labourers they paid 35., or is. less than they have hitherto received. This shows a total of 6,079 men, and of cash expended £1,091 Os., as compared with 5,786 men, and £1,209 last week, or an in crease of 203 men and a decrease of £llO 14s. paid. The result is explained by a considerable number of men having been " called out" from the jobs they were at, and the diminution of the dividend to the labourers. In explanation of this latter step the Conference state that it has always been doubtful how far they were justified ori ginally in placing the labourers and skilled opera tives on an equality with respect to the dividend, seeing that in the first place there was a difference made b _tween the skilled workmen and labourers j in Trollope's ease ; and in the second, that the funds from which these dividends have been mainly paid were subscribed by the skilled trades in the metropolis and the provinces. But in addition to this reason, there was the fact that the skilled building operatives who are in work arc contributing an average of 6d. per day to the sup port of those on ftrike and locked out, while the labourers, though bound to contribute in like manner, in proportion to their earnings, have not done so. There are about 8,000 members of the " lodges" enumerated in the preceding return, at work, and yet the whole sum they contribute weekly in the shape of "levies" does not amount to more than £7 or £B, while an analysis of the re turn shows that they constitute nearly one-half of the whole of the claimants on the funds, and their resistance to or acceptance of the " document," cannot in any material degree affect the ultimate issue of the struggle, because t heir services are only ancilliary to those of the skilled operatives. The following return shows the number of skilled and unskilled labourers thus paid fer the past week, and the amount received by each body respec ively £ s. d. .. -- 351 122 0 0 Masons .. .... 1,071 214 4 0 180 36 0 '0 .. 630 1 1 26 1 12 0 o o c,rPainters,airr psoteiecrrs: i ..... ..° . n. :: .... 28 16 0 odge " l ...... 3 174 10 1 --, 2 .. 152 " 22 16 0 Labourers Stone , ,s a w y_e Is , , ~ 3 .. 154 23 2 0 ff „ 4 .. 268 40 4 0 9, ff 7) 5 .. 108 - 16, 4 0 . 7, „ 6 .. 421 63 3 0 ,7 ,y 7 .. 149 22 7 0 17 7, 8 .. 34 6 2 o 7) ~ 9 .. 323 48 9 0 If ~ 10 .. 190 ' 28 10 0 1) „ 11 (paid with Woolwich men) 71 „12 .. 20 3 0 0 ~ 13 .. 13 1 1 0 Non-society men .. .. 700 105 0 0 Trollopo's mon .. .. 113 54 0 0 6,079 £1,098 6 0 It would appear, however, that the diminution of the dividend, and the distinction thus for the first time made between them and the skilled artisans, produced as soon as it was known great dissatisfac tion, which is likely to pervade the whole of these lodges. Just as the Conference was about to close the business of the day a riotous, violent, and graceful scene occurred at the Paviors' Arms. A body of labourers, headed by a man known as Jim Macarthy, made their appearance and demanded instantly to see Mr. Potter and Mr. Noble, whose names were coupled with epithets of the coarsest description. They were informed that the members of the Conference wero at that moment busy, but if they would wait for a few minutes they would be attended to. This did not satisfy the leader, who, using the most horrible imprecations and foul lan guage, rushed by th e door -keeper and up-stairs, followed by his companions, into a large room adjoining the committee -room, where they com menced hooting, yelling, and stamping, and swear ing that they , would pull every brick of the house down. Mr. lVfacintee, a member of the Conference, immediately made wanted,earce and quietly in quired what they e but it was some time before any voice could be heard amid the clamour, but in answer to the demand tumult, and con fusion ; for more money, Mr. Macintee said the Conference had done the best they could for them, and if they were not satisfied they were quite at liberty to act for themselves. This statement led to a renewal of the confusion and violence, and a personal attack upon Mr. Macintee seemed imminent, when Mr. Potter entered the roolo, and the leader advancing to him in a menacing manger demanded to see the books. Mr. Potter replied he had no objection to produce the books at the proper time, but before entering into any communication he wished to know the name of the person who asked for them. This request was met by evasion and fictitious names for some time, but at last he gave the 'name of Macarthy, and as residence, " No. 181, Ireland!' Mr. Potter, however, could not draw from him a distinct statement of his business there, but in the midst of the confusion, Macarthy seeing that four police-constables had. entered the room, suddenly made a rush to the open window, and would have jumped into the street had not some h dozen heldo' those him in the room seized him by the legs, al andback. The a pp ear ance of the officers, however, produced a sudden calm, which enabled a member of the Conference to charge Macarthy and another man, who had taken a pro minent part in these riotions proceedings, with having received the strike money twice over, and that on more than occasion. Upon heraing that charge, Macarthy left the room without making any reply, and was followed by his companions, who threatened to return to-day and pull down the house, if their demands were not complied with. Of course measures will be taken to prevent the renewal of such disorderly and violent proceedings. • EXTRAORDINARY PIT ACCIDENT.—A most extra ordinary accident occurred on Wednesday, at Messrs. Hall, Holcroft, and Pearson's pit s, at Kin g swinford, near Dud ley. During the day, while the men were engaged in tbe'r usual work, about 50 tons of coal fell, burying 14 of the men. The scaffold poles and supports, however, saved the men's lives, and only one man was severely injured. It was seven hours before the men could be got out.--Mart_ Chester Guardian; FAMILIES OF SOLT)TERS SERVING IN INDIA .—The Commissioners, under i c m h d ar e t r ere d d ire bi ti h on er s Monica, of 1, 346 tons , Captain James Jackson, b e l ong i ng M A Majesty's a jelsrt, Emigration Henry o p n l e seul , of l from the` Morse Gu ards, sailed from Birkenhe ad , on the e En y S 11th inst., for Calcutta, with 20 married couples, 218 mar ried women, 7 single men, 10 single women, 155 b oys be tween the ages of 1 and 12, 132 girls between th e same ages, 12 male and 9 female infants, making a total of 583 sou l s, equ al to 4181 statute a d u l t s, under charge of Surgeon Superintendent Edward Kearney, aided by the services of a suitable matron, and a few married soldiers, who will act as constables during the voyage. The passengers consisted of the wives and children of the soldiers belonging to the 60th Rifles, and the 3d, 31th, 35th, 60th, 67th, 69th, 71st, 73d, 75th, 79th, 82d, 84th. 88th, 90th; 97th, and 99th Regi ments, now serving in India, from whom they have ey been separated since the breaking out of the mutiny. TRADESMEN'S FOUR-OARED RACES. The members of the Arundel Alliance Rowing - Club and the Prince of Wales Aquatic Club both contended yester day in four oared races for silver prizes, from Lambeth Pier to Battersea Old Bridge. ARUNDEL ALLIANCE ROWING CLUB.—The following were the results in this race:— Blue Mr. F. Kerr I Mr. J. Castles Mr. H. Waghorn I Mr. W. Williams Mr. E. Lancaster, coxswain. Red Mr. J. May Mr. J. Hobbs I Mr. J. Philips Mr. T. Cotter Mr. C. May, coxswain. White Mr. R. Allen. I Mr. A. Speer Mr. J. Absolom • I Mr. E. Smith Mr. E. Knightley, coxswain. Blue took the lead, and kept it all the way, but only won by a couple of lengths, losing their yoke lines during the race. Red end White rowed a very desperate race to Pim lico, White leading there by half-a-length ; but at the New Bridge Red were too much for them, and went in second by two lengths. PRINCE OF WALES AQUATIC CLEB.—This race con cluded as follows : Blue Mr. W. Dineen Mr. J. Dineen Red Mr. F. Payne Mr. C. Eyles Mr. C. Scott Mr. J. McQuire Mr. J. Hayes, coxswain. Mr. H. Dobson Mr. T. Fricker J. Burton, coxswain. Blue took the lead, holding it by a trifle to Vauxhall bridge. At this point Red came up, and a very determined race followed to Pimlico Pier. Here Blue again went ahead, and increasing their lead, won by two lengths. THE CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE THAMES. The stakes in this match, £lOO, were, says the _Durham County Advertiser, duly handed over last week to Robert Chambers, champion of the Thames, together with £5 sent to him by the liberality, of Lord Kilmorey, for which Cham bers requests publicly to thank his lordship ; and on Friday last, attended by his faithful friend and trainer, the veteran Henry Clasper, he returned to Newcastle, his blushing honours thick upon him, whore he will, no doubt, be as warmly received by his admiring countrymen as his great victory deserves. Previous to his departure Chambers stated it to be his intention to do all in his power to excite the sympathy of the northerns on behalf of Henry Kelly. COUNTRY MA.REBTL COLCHESTER—OcT. 15. A short supply of wheat to-day at the corn-exchange, and the best qualities were is dearer, Fine barley in good demand ; feeding samples rather dearer. Beans and peas supported late rates. Wheat, white 42s to 52s Beans, Mazagan..32B to 344 red 32s to 44s Middle & small 368 to 403 Barley 36s to 468 White peas 40s to 425 Oats l.Bs to 28s Grey.. 32s to 364 CHELMSFORD—OcT. 14. --- A liberal supply of wheat and barley, and a firm bust ness transacted for good qualities, but inferior sorts were taken slowly. Prices is to 2s higher. Wheat, white 42s to 53s Peas, Partridge ..3sa to 40' red 40s to 46s White 38s to 40 3 Barley 32s to 40s Boiling 3Bs to 425 Chevalier ....34s to 44s Dun 33s to 365 Grinding 26s to 34s Beans, Tick ....40s to 425 Malt 60s to 66s Harrow Ticks 41s to 440 Chevalier ; 63s to 68s a"Mazagan 36s to 385 Oats 24s to 33s OXFORD-Om 15. A large quantity of wheat on offer to-day, with a good attendance of buyers, and there was a fair demand. The' generality of the transactions were at 2s over last week'' , rates—viz., for white, 46s to 525, red 42s to 46s per (1 1. • Barley plentiful, and a few prime lots were soon caught 1 1 P at is advance. Best samples were worth 40s, and inferior sold as low as 28s. Other grain dull. Oats 19s to 295, bu t little doing. Beans, 38s to 50s. Hog peas, 398 to 425; boilers, 45s to 50s per qr, Flour, 32s per sack. Hay, &co £3 10s to £4 Os per ton. DERBY—OcT. 15. A middling show of wheat at market yesterday. Trade was inactive, at an advance of is on the currency of le" week. Barley in moderate demand, and as dear. OW in rather heavy demand, at about late rates. Beans wore a small show, and maintained quotations. White wheat, new, 46a to 52s Barley, grinding.. 27s to 30' Red do. 403 to 46s Oats old, .. —s to ---° Old white 46s to 62 8 New , do 246 to 3 01 Red do. 408 to 463 Beans.. 47s to 490 Barley, malting.... 36s to 448 I Beans, new ---s to ---11 YORK—OCT. 15. A fair attendance at market to-day; yet, notwithstallt ing, very little business was transacted. A small show 0 ` wheat, with a slow sale. Malting barley in good demerlo at late rates ; inferior qualities the turn lower. SprIUS corn scarce, and dull. Beans heavy, at late prices. Wheat ..38s to 42s Oats.... 223 to 24 1 White do ' .44s to 50e Beans 40s t0:.4 41 Barley .28s to 38s Peas....--. 3 to --0 FOREIGN MAIL PACKET LIST. In the following table E signifies that letters are despatche i by evening mails from London, and II by morning malls. . ~ -- - eIN - s t DESTINATIONS. Despatch' Port of M 3il of Mails. Despatch. due* Australia and Mauritius, via 10 Southampton Nov. 12, M Southarnp. NoV• t Ditto, via Marseilles Bahamas and _Havana via New York O c t. oe 28, 18, EB Liverpool,. Oct. Cr . 21t, Canada, (2 a v c o f he. goody I Canada. ope, A p a c c e l r u t .2 N. Ascen sion, and St. Helena Nov 5, E Devonport oY. a China, Penang - , and Singa pore, via Southampton Oct. 20, E Southamp. Oct t y 9 Ditto, via Marseilles Gibraltar, via Southampton .. Oct. 20, 11 Southamp. Oc t. ,„ 19. H on duras and Blewilelds .... Oct. —, lit Southamp. over d o India (Calcutta) and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 20, DI Southamp. Oct. 19 ~ Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via South ampton Oct. 27, M Southamp, Oct. 2 8 Ditto, via Marseilles Lisbon, Brazil s,Buenos Ayres, and F. Islands Nov. 9, If Southamp. Not %. Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto Oct. —, M Southamp. Oct. Malta, Egypt, ami Aden, via Southampton l9 Oct. 20, DI Southamp. Oct. n Ditto, via Marseilles Mexico and Havana Nov. 2, 11 Southamp. Nov 1 Newfoundland Oct. 21, E Galway .... U n pA i i t mt e te d or i S ( cb t ay a t (t j e b a .y and r i d r tat! packet) e i p t t i )a s c h k. " N . t .). Oct. cict. 2 1 1 6, B E sLoivuethrpaoompl... 0ct..... 19 West Coast of Africa, Ma deira, and Tenerlife - 9 Oct. 24, E Liverpool.. Nog. West India, California, Vene zuela, Chili, Peru, Grey- dg° . town, New Granada, /ire. AVe observe, throu g h a notice in the Pembroke' notice in the Pembroke- Mr. Woodin is still astoni?lv. inces with his never-endi ng It performance appears to hale We observe, through shire Herald, of Friday, tha, ing the natives in the prow Olio of Oddities." His lase, tiken place at Haverfordwest. [ADvEnrisEmENT.]—The following are some o f thousand extraordinary cures without medicine effected !col Du Barry's delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Areb. l o , Food of Indigestion (dyspepsia), flatulency, constipate n, nervous, bilious and liver complaints, cough, asthma, CO r sumption, and debility : —C ure N o. 41,617. Winclie ste t; December 3, 1847.—Gentlemen,—I am happy to be able to inform you, that the person for whom your Revalente procured has derived very great benefit from its use ; t i nt' tressing symptoms of dropsy, dy s p e p s i a , an d constips':, of long standing have been removed, an d a feeling ef.-„,,1 stored health induced. Having witne sse d th e be effects in the above mentioned case, I c an w ith confiden c e recommend it, and shall have much pleasure in doing whenever an opportunity offers, &c., &c.—James Shorlall late surgeon 96th Regiment.—Cure No. 62,422. Bridg; house, Frimley, April 3, 1854.—Thirty-three years diseascs lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, deafness; sins ing in the ears, constipation, debility, shortness of bree l ; and cough, have been removed by your Revalenta A r si o bica. My lungs, liver, stomach, head, and ears ar e io right, my hearing perfect, and my recovery is a marve l t, all my acquaintances. James Roberts, ti m b er m orchal l , In tins, at I s . 6d. ; 11b., 3s. ; 21b., Sc. 9d.; 61b., 125.; 12.1 t ; 9 .. 265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, en receipt de o . office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, Lostelo„, Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piccadilly; Abbis, i v; Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 63, and 160, Oxfo r er f street; 330 and 451, Strand • 49 and 60, Bishop.m i . street ; 85, Tottenham-court -road. Also at u,„"'" - ; Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburgh,Raimes and v ° l at. Liverpool, Nixon and Thew; at Manchester, ShavP Scott; at York, Raimee, Blanchard, and Co.; at Sou ampton. Randall and Son. BIRTHS. BICKER - CAARTEN.—On tho 16th inst , at 8, Upper bourne-terrace, H de- ark tho wife of Alfred Bie* l3t' -‘ Caarten, E sq ., of a KNATC I IBULL-HUGNSSEN.-011 the 16th inst., at 12, S° 1111 „; street, Berkeley-square, the wife of Edward Huge * " Knatchbull-Hugessen, Esq., M.P., of a daughter. the STYLE.—On th e 15th inst., at St. Leonard's-on-Seas - lion. Mrs, William Style, of a daughter. MARRIAGES. CROZTEIt—REW.—On the 15th inst., at St. Barnabll _South Ken s i ng t on , G res h am P. R. Crozier, Esq., r son of F. 11. Crozier, Esq., of the Elms, Lymin.,.PP il if : (. -Rants, t o L aura , youngest daughter of William is-c ' Esq., of the P r i or y- roa d, Wandsworth-road. MEITER—KNEVETT.—On the 15th inst. at St. Thom as Meiter, l Arbour-square, Mr. Charles William only Ol t Mr. C. - Molter, Stockholm, toElizabeth, second daub of Thos. Knevett, Esq., late of N.M.'s Customs. 'DEATHS. ATLIVIN.—On the 16th inst., at 40, Meeklenburgh-sq ol6 Robert Aylwin, Esq., aged 62. 'el ALLEN.—On the 14th inst., at Smarden, Kent, GaLr l Allen, Esq., aged 78. f FITZGERA.LD.—On the 15th inst., Cecilia Maria , widov; of the late Right Hon. Maurice Fitzgerald, Knigh t - Kerry. clo GRANT.— On the 15th inst. at Chester-terrace, Regent Pa park, Sir Tho ma s Tassel 'Grant, K.C.8., F.R.S. , age 61 lIALL.—On the 14th inst., at Alfreton, Derbyshire, Ger• vase Cressy flan, Esq., aged 61. 1,0 HEAD.—On the 25th ult. drowned while bathing, . 1 , 1 '4 , Head, only son of the Right Hon. Sir E. W. Head, .1" Governor-General of British North America. WELL.—On the 16th inst., at Redleaf, the Rev. Frederi° Wells, of the London Oratory, aged 33. • - _ C dr , T . l 4l LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YO‘i- -lg. of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun O ffi ce,NO.l" 01 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, to the 00 1 Middlesex, Tuesday, October 15, 1859.