The Sun. — London, England, 1860-09-29 00:00:00

fi.. ---- 1 case ; for it would be impossible for an invading ,zui THE NAVY. army, however numerous, to exist in the face of our --4,.____ volunteer riflemen, supported as they would be by (I) The screw steam vessel Espoir, 5, Commander an armed population. Si Sholto Douglas, left Plymouth on Thursday for the Measures are being taken to secure our dockyards of t West Coast of Africa. on the land sides, which is quite right ; but the Alb The paddlewheel steam sloop Geyser, 6, Corn- seaward faces, which are by far the most important, pre are at present almost entirely undefended in the ass( mender George M. Jackson, from Madeira, arrived absence of the fleets. Cat in Plymouth Sound yesterday (Friday). She left Br( Plymouth on September 9 with the Pioneer in tow, . WILLS AND BEQUESTS. Da and arrived at Madeira on the 18th. She departed again on the 19 t h. The Geyser has experienced The Ri g ht Hon. Lady 'Mary Pelham -The will cot 'very vatiable winds with heavy rains. On the 15th of this lady was proved in London, on the 19th of occ of September she lost an able seaman, Walter H. September, by her brother, the Lord Bishop of h h e Brown, of Plymouth , wh o wa s w ashed overboard Norwich, in conjunction with her sister, Lady ri Hen an d drowned. Spoke, September 26, let 45'59 N., etta Pelham, the executors, who admini the personalty under £l O , OOO . H er ladyship, bestered.ng ob to do e • long. 7.10 W. , the Trench ship Volner. The Geyser i unmarried, has disposed of t his property chiefly th brings home Capt. Pole and the crew, 39 in all, of amongst her brothers, sisters, and nephews, an the ship Conway, belonging to Messrs Baines and appointing her brothers, the Earl of Chi- sci Co., of Liverpool, which left that port August 24 chester and the Bishop of . Norwich trus- soi with 366 troops and passengers for Calcutta. She tees over a sum .of £2,000 which she has be- El encountered very heavy gales and cross seas, and queathed to her sister, Lady Amelia, for her exclu- eti sive use ; and to her brother, Admiral Pelham, by on the Bth of September was dismasted and aban- C. 8., she has left a legacy of £3,500, nominating un doned about 230 miles N.W. by N. of Madeira, in her sisters, Lady Henrietta and Lady Lucy Pelham, ha consequence 'of her dangerous leaks. The passen_ r esiduary legatees. The w ill contains the followin g cu charitable bequests :-To the Church Missionary of gets and troops were rescued by the ship Summer Society and Bible Society, £lOO each; and to the so Cloud, from London for Sydney, and all safely City Mission and Ragged School Union, £5O each. landed at Madeira. Capt. Pole, the officers, and Abraham George Robarts, Esq., banker, Lom- so crew were the last to leave the ship, which then bard-street-The will of this gentleman, who died is had 8 ft. 4in, of water in her hold ; and the water- on th i e 6th of Sept., has just been proved, The per- sI sone ty was sworn under £200,000 by the executors, w casks and general cargo were all adrift though her Abraham John Robarts, Esq. his son, and Henry a terrific rolling. Every one of the boats was broken Christopher Roberts, the brother ' of the deceased. 1( to pieces when the mast fell. The crew of the He has left his real estates to his eldest son, a Conway were despatched for Liverpool yesterday who also takes the residue of the personalty. a afternoon from Plymouth by the hon. agent of the To his widow he has left interest in his house in a Shipwrecked Mariners' Society. Chesham-place, together with an annuity of £2,000, s l The screw steam sloop Hornet, on her way to and the furniture. To his younger sons and o Madeira Sept.l9, daughters he has left to each a liberal provision, t Calcutta, was at pt. when the Geyser and to his brother, the executor, a legacy is also v left. bequeathed, as well as to other branches of his N The following appointments were made yester- family, and some personal friends. We must not c day at the Admiralty :-Commander W. Swinburn, omit to mention that he has left to each of the clerks 1 to be an Inspecting Commander of the Coastguard, in the banking establishment the sum of £lO for vice W. H. Tones, superseded at his own request ; mourning. Lieut. John Burgess, to the Eagle; Lieut. G. Y. R. H. W. Tancred. Esq.. Q . .C., M.P. for Banbury. I The will of Henry William Tancred, Esq., for- 1 Rattray, to the Marlborough, for disposal ; Lieut. merly of 105, Pall-mall, but who was late of Mar. I W. P. Pauli, to the Impregnable ; Lieut. Richard gate, where he died on the 20th of August last, t P. Bateman, to the Cumberland; W. Allan, 3d aged 80, bears the date of 6th of January, 1849, to 1 class assist.-engineer to the Cumberland, for service which he has added four codicils. T h i s g entleman 1 t-sure. to has left personal property amounti n g to £35,000. 1 in the Lizard ; J. S. Dobyn, acting assis r'' The executors are Alexander Brodie, Esq. ; John ; the Landrail ; W. H. Reeves, paymaster to the Farquhar Fraser, Esq. ; and the Rev. William Donegal ; and Edward H. Key, assist.-clerk to the Tancred, the testator's nephew. Probate was ; Formidable, for the Admiral's office, granted by t he London Court on the P 18th of Sept. - After making a few bequests he directs his p r operty, real and personal , to be divide d into four THE ARMY. nephews-Sir Thomas Tancred, Bart., Henry and The guard of honour on the occasion of her Ma- William Tancred-and a like share to his niece jesty's embarking at Gravesend, for Coburg, was Susan, wife of the Rev. T. C. Whitehead, M.A. furnished by 100 men of the Chatham division of There is a bequest of £l,OOO to John Munton, Esq., Royal Marines, with the bands and colours, under of Banbury, for his uniform kindness to the testator during his connection with that borough, which he the command of Capt. Nepean. had represented in Parliament for 25 years. He The range of buildings which have been in pro- has also left to his attendant Loveless a legacy of gress for several months past at Fort Pitt, Chatham, £2,000 for himself and wife.-Illustrated London to be used for the purposes of an army medical News. ..-----..-----.... school, which the Government has resolved upon THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES. establishing at that garrison, are now completed, and arrangements arrangements have been made for opening the Dr. Daubeny, the Professor of Botany in the school on Tuesday next, Oct. 2. The buildings University of Oxford, hasp ut forth some " Remarks occupy the centre of the open space near the lung- on the Sexuality of Plants," with particular re ference to Mr. Darwin's work on the " Origin of tic hospital. They include a spacious room for a Species," in the form of a pamphlet, in which this laboratory, fitted up with furnaces and other ap- learned physician records his emphatic dissent pliances, lecture and operation rooms, and micro- from Mr. Darwin's theory regarded from its ins' the distinctive faculties of t he bein g s that scopic rooms, together with ante - rooms a nd apart- b otanical s Dr. Daubeny demurs at consider ments for the several professors. In ad dition to stand in the higher ranks of the creation as mere the medical officers now at Fort Pitt, 35 medical developments of those which exist in the lower. candidates are ordered to join at head-quarters on He can hardly bring himself to believe that the Monday next to undergo a course of study under activity, the quick perceptions, the various instincts the several professors, preparatory to being ap- which we observe in the vertebrata can have been pointed to commissions in the medical department elaborated out of the dull, vegetative faculties of of the army after competitive examinations. The of the invertebrate class ; and still less that the following gentlemen have been appointed to chairs reason, the imagination, the moral sense of a man can have been owing to a mere expansion of the in the new medical school :-Deputy Inspector-Gen. brain of the gorilla. Dr. Daubeny attacks the T. Longmore, clinical and military surgery ; Dr. E. theorists who rely upon variation and natural selec- A. Parkes, hygiene; and Dr. W. Aitkin, pathology. tion as adequate causes for the multiplication of The non-commissioned officers of the Ist batta- species, by examining critically the facts connected with the achievements of human skill in the do .lion at Chatham have presented Sergeant M a j or mestication of animals, to which Mr. Darwin and J. Ford with a massive silver goblet, as a mark of his followers constantly refer with confidence in their respect and esteem, on the occasion of his re- support of their theory. He observes that human tiring from the service. Sergeant Major Ford is ingenuity has doubtless introduced many . very decorated with the medal for long and distinguished striking deviations both in plants and animals from the original type ; .it has never yet, however, service, which was awarded him by the Dake o f p r oceeded so far as to give rise to what naturalists Cambridge. would regard as a new species-that is, an indi- Major-General Hay, Commandant and Inspector- vidual incapable of producing a fertile progeny with General of the School of Musketry, accompanied by any other member of the parent stock.-The Deputy-Assistant Adjutant-General Capt. M'Kay, Lancet. has just paid his official visit to the camp at Col - . RA ____ IL TV AY INTELLIGENCE. chester,for the purpose of examining the respective * returns of the rifle instructors of the depot batta- TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR. THE WEEK. lions. The gallant officers arrived on Wednesday, , 1 Miles Opened. Receipts. and have since been engaged in their work of in- Railways. lBOO. I____, 1 ____, ~...-....---, 859. 1863. 1859. spection, which was expected to conclude yes- x terday. Belfast and N. Counties.... 65 6.5 1,330 I,l x 66 Sergeant Major Purnell, 54th Regiment, who Belfast and County Down.. 20 20 533 584 Junc. 32 32 2,906 2,849 has been acting in that capacity at Landguard Stryt'aLnan"Tyne& Ches. 20 20 2,016 1,564 Bristol and eter 125 125 7,318 7,978 - Fort since his return front India, has been aledonian 2191 2191 15,604 1 5 , 4 7 9 promoted to an ensigncy of that corps, f or Ches.&llolyhead(withMold) 94 1 941 • - - 81 291 251 nearly 20 years' active service at home and (),,,eiteamtatinadsoaan'orkington 2,34 20 327 343 Cork, Illackrock, & Passage. 61 61 266 2 6 3 abroad, for which he has received several decors - Cornwall tions. He was acting regimental sergeant-major Dees id e l7 17 322 333 Dublin & Belfast Junction. • 63 6:3 1,502 1,438 on board the Sarah Sands when that unfortunate Dublin and Drogheda 63 63 1,703 1,816 vessel was destroyed by fire, and very honourable 3==ingligit° 122 10 2,0231, In mention was made of his conduct in the report for- Dundee and Arbroath l7l 171 758 688 31 1,107 1 , 082 East Anglian 674 674 804 1,039 rence. E.Counties,Nrlk.,&E.tinion 499 499 24,813 27,435 East Kent 194 - _ ---- -- - E . L an cashire(in.Blackburn) 111 105 - - Edinburgh and Glasgow ... 142 142 7,080 7,036 IRON.-CASED SHIPS. Edinburgh, Perth,& Dundee) 78, 78 3,653 3,546 • Forth & Clyde Junction ... 1 2.91 291 282 346 Colonel Hill, in a letter to n contemporary, say s : Furness I3I 22 1,232 1,201 lam a military man, and shall therefore be consi- Glasgow & South-Western 183 1 1831 8,265 7,551 Great Northern 283 283 30,733 30,599 Great North of Scotland . dered as altogether leaving my sphere of knowledge rit.Southn. & Westn.(lrlud ) 329 226 8,929 8,184 in presuming to know anything about naval affairs. T u e l a l t andwesternolderne 18 18 - - Be that as it may, I have the honour of my own Lnverness & Aberde s e s n June. 55 55 1,009 998 Irish South-Eastern - 254 254 313 266 country at heart, and can only say that I wish Killarney Junction Lancaster 41 41 - - and Carlisle (in. England had at the Admiralt y a fe w such men as Kendal and Windermere) 100 1001 Captain Halstead , wh en it would not be long'before Lane. & Yrks.(in.Blackburn) 393 395 i 40, - 071 35,8 - 60 an effi c i e nt fleet of invulnerable iron - cased ships Limerick ane ly and Foynes 26 26i 222 209 4 46/ 632 595 As it is, the French are London & North-Western . 95 0 936 8 3 , 504 82,041 would be forthcoming. London and Blackwall 54 51 1,617 1,650 ahead of as, and in case of a rupture between the London & South-Western two countries their iron-cased ships would give Lle d iry ßri ag l d i T n natll C e o n ast 2V ) 4 20 6 gi 20,372 19,559 them an overpowering advantage over our wooden t i o a n n a . ..: i r le il e uume n u eo th i en s if 1 * I N . 2,153 1,845 ones: in addition to which, they might with im- branch. S.Jun.&Altrinci l lam 91 91 1. 1,11:1 11 1, 3 0 7 ,2 Maryport and Carlisle punity run down and destroy the shipping in our Midland .I f i e d ii lf i ld n. qt.Westn. of Irlnd 1 6 71 4 74 1671474 43,492 4193 3 3 0 :9 5 8 6 6 5 roadsteads and harbours, provided that in doing so it were not necessary for them to come within 600 ? sl t e o N n v m m outhsh. Rail. & Calla' 44 44 2,531 2,405 or 800 yard s o f our guns by day ; and by night no- Newpostle and Carlisle 7B 78 3,434 3,274 rt,A.berg.,& Herefor 5O 50 - - thing but th e i n t r i cacy o f a c h anne l wou ld deter North British (in. Dalkeith) 174 174 6,009 5,850 North Devon 35 35 560 630 them. North-Eastern 764 764 42,220 41,850 N o rth London 9 9 2,390 2,480 I believe that w e can ma k e more power f u l can- North Staffordshire , 246 233 8,016 8,080 non than the French, and also 46 46/ _ _ case our ships with N. Yorkshire and Cleveland 10 _ .4 better iron ; therefore , North-Western _ _ provided proper measures Oxford, Wore., & Wolver be adopted by the Government, there can be no 181 184 Helen's Canal & Railway 30 30 2,203 1,903 doubt where superiority shouldlie. Scottish Central , s P t e . ebles 50 50 3,605 3548 But, under existing circumstances, it Scottish North-Lastern ll5 115 4,210 4'425 would be impossible Shrewsbury Si Birmingham 294 294 1,997 2,073 for one, or any number of wooden ships, to contend4B mo s 3,213 one, unless the Shrewsbur y y & Hereford .. • 51 51 2,125 1,843 successfully with a single iron-cased 1 lc ' Uni0n....... .. • Shrewsbur and Chester 4B 291 910 824 S irops ire mon ....... 1145 7 2 72' 4,048 306 302 25,883 27 4,092 South Devon . ... speed of the wooden ones were greatly superior to South-Eastern 1714 1714 8,036 8,353 that of the iron, so as to enable their running along- South Wales.. ... 118 108 3,035 3,318 side, when their powerful broadsides would pro- S Yorkshire an'd River Dun 53 53 5,193 4,379 bably demolish the iron casing. But we know that Rsirtevr ale Stockton and Darlington I 123 119 7,977 7.361 5 2 52 1,733 1,837 the speed hitherto attained by wooden ships Ulverstone and Lancaster 254 1,769 1,437 702 487 Vale of Neath Waterfordw Warrington estcor n a. na a id n i d ii S i 1 t k o c e u l r p u y o r . . t scarcely, if at all, exceeds the speed that can be_ _ 31 438 492 g i ven to the iron-cased ones. 77 1,238 1,342 Waterford and Limerick The result of every experiment against iron- plated targets has been to prove that an enemy's W.lfartlepool II arbr. & Rail 39 Whitehaven Junction l2 39 5,025 4,007 12 685 655 iron-plated ships might approach Portsmouth Vi , hitehaven & Furness Jun. 35 , 35 710 649 Dockyardw;haven,Cleator a kEgrmnt. , 7 428 336 all the and bombard it and treat with contempt I onesee AND COLONIAL Antwerp and Rotterdam 52 52 1,298 1,111 batteries now in ' as well asall Austrian those it is proposed to existence,Belgian Eastern Junction B4 various shoals. construct on the spits the of Buffalo and Lake Huron ▪ 161 4 151 661 4 1 2 ,6 25 0 ?' 5 37 ' 37,5311320 around Spithead, and which will Detroit and Milwaukle lB5 185 4,619 ,140 3,137 have the very ser ious defect of marking the exact Canada Dutch Rhenish lOBl 1084 4,309 4 Grand Trunk of 970 880 15,050 10,019 Great Indian Peninsula 277 1944 2,384 2,240 channel by which an e ns , h s e t a ea r m incp i t n he atfull speed night or day svithoutyerasseanyGreat Luxembourg l2B 122 2,979 2,798 Great Western y of Canada 345 345 11,601 9,956 In fact, there is no calculating the injury that es lead. Lombardo:V enetian 285 255 , a maritime Power, Lyons and Geneva 142 142 ' 6,7 - 88 0,26 would be inflicted on England a s Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 310 284 17,375 11,663 in case of entering on a war with France, having Maria Antonia 2l 21 "' thern of France Aor . 613 602 53,386 50,374 only wooden ships to oppose to their iron-she Lyons,Nonveg - ian Trunk &Mediterrn 44 44 1,914 1,474 athed Paris, our dock-.. 879 840 89,010 85,706 ones. Paris and Orleans 922 922 58,510 43,36,5 of their Paris and Strasburg There is no fear of invasion as long as at the Royal Danish Sambreeher southern roil, France 69 69 613 650 yards and arsenals are secure, but in case 6B 68 1,346 1,217 777 773 22,193 20,143 destruction we should be comparatively West Flanders W. and N.W. of France 742 730 :18,284 47,571 -e ---....r__1 --,,,,, It therefore behoves — Tbere is no fear of invasion as long as our dock yards and arsenals are secure, but in case of their destruction we should be comparatively at the mercy of a powerful enemy. It therefore behov es the Government to render our dockyards secure, and this can only be done, as far as Ports mouth is Concerned by building steamships cased i n iron, hay ing the utmost speed that can be given them. They would be th e c hi e f d e f ence, s h ore b a tteries being auxiliary to them.; for no batteries hitherto pro posed w ou l d have Ports mouth from a any effect in defending night attack against even wooden ships, if left undefended by a fleet. I have said thect there is no fear of invasion while our arsenals are vire, and this I believe to be the [ADVEUTISEMENT.] - Holloway's Pills. Exercise= Pure Air.—ln numerous occupations in which persons are daily employed, these essentials to perfect health cannot possibly the Bivalent, clerk, an d artizan. Let all so su ff er i ng t ry t h ese be enjoyed. Hence the many which afflict . maladies purifying pills. They will quicken the languid circulation, rouse any secretions which are sluggish, expel all vitiated humours, improve the digestion, act as mild aperients, and regulate the whole animal economy. These pills prevent want of exercise and. impure air exerting their deleterious influence over both mind and body. Holloway's pills are admirably. well adapted to cure all cases of dyspepsia, hypo chondriasis and nervous disc rd ers, whichmake life a misery. By expelling all impurities, they must mad health and olnerillAWA VIE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 29, 1860. MR. DAL LAS AND LORD BROUGHAM. (From the .Y.7rlA American and United Stales Gaulle.) Some weels . ..si ago there was a meeting in London of the Interreational Statistical Congress. Prince Albert preside d, and the Americau Minister was present, was a coloured man from present. One . of the members of this scientific asse mbly, also _ Canada, and in /he course of the proceedings Lord lrougham pubtcly called the attention of Mr. _Alias to that fact. Mr. Dallas made no reply. His experience enabled him, no doubt, to judge correctly of the proprieties of the place and the occasion, and it is only just to him to believe that he had sufficient reasons for remaining silent—that he did what, under the circumstances, was right to do. Had there been no such reasons, however, the objects of the society, the character of the assembly, the presence of the dusky member from Canada, and the speech of Lord Brougham, all afforded a scene, an audience, and an opportunity for telling some truths about slavery worth telling to the English people. Let us suppose that no rules of etiquette, no fears of compromising official dignity by exciting what, perhaps, might have become an unseemly discussion, had interfered, would it not have produced a good effect on the minds of the cultivated persons present and on the public opinion of England and America, had Mr. Dallas made something like the following speech ? " Mr. Chairman —I am a guest of this learned society, rather than a participator in its proceed ings. I came here to look on and listen, not to speak. The remarks, however, of the noble lord who has just addressed you, induce me to crave for a few moments the attention of this meeting. His lordship has called on me to notice the fact that a man of African race is here present, received and treated as an associate by the eminent gentle men around me. I will not assume, I will not suppose, that Lord Brougham intended anything offensive to me, or to the country I have the honour to represent, by what he said. His fame is so widely spread in Europe and America that all the world knows him to be opposed to slavery. He is opposed to it, I feel sure, not as an enemy to the United States, but as a philosopher and statesman, on what he deems just and reasonable grounds, and he no doubt meant to say by his pointed allusion to me : Behold, Mr. Dallas, behold, men of Ame rica, here, in England, the fOremost nation of the world, is a negro received as a companion and an equal, in a circle composed of some of the brightest names of their country in social rank, in literature and science. Why, then, do you make him a slave ?' I must believe that the person re ferred to, finding himself, as I do, in such distin guished society, has qualities which render him in some degree worthy of his companions. It very often happens in my country that men of his race possess estimable virtues, and are remarkable for truth, honesty, and fidelity; it sometimes happens that, under favourable circumstances, they make considerable progress, and acquire knowledge whi@la does not imply mental powers of a high order. But we have some acquaintance at home with negroes. There are 4,000,000 of them in our Southern States, and I can assert with confidence that our experi ence is like that of all other countries of all other ages recorded by history, and that examples even of the moderate endowments and attainments I have mentioned are the exception, not the rule. The race is not gifted with the force of charac ter or intellect that fits it to originate or sustain a native, independent civilisation. It does not pro duce artists, poets, and philosophers—not even sol diers, orators, lawyers, and statesmen. There are no negro Shakspeares, Raphaels, or Bacons ; no Marl borough or Wellington, no Pitt, Fox, Mansfield, or Brougham, with black skin and woolly hair, either in the past or present. Even in the hum bler spheres of business and industry the negro is disqualified by nature to conduct the commerce, the manufactures, or the mechanic arty, a civi lised community. All these require for thei anage ment mental powers which the negro does not possess. As a general rule, he is fit only for manual labour which requires but little thought, and to achieve in this valuable results he must be directed 11 superior intelligence. He has, therefore, occu pied, wherever he has been associated with the white race, the position of a servile class or caste. He occupies this position in America in the North as well as in the South, the mental and inferior offices of society are assigned to him, or rather he falls into them naturally by the operation of laws which no social or political arrangements are strong enough to alter or resist. But in our Southern States we make him a slave. I know that this word has an unpleasant sound to an English ear. There are many in America, also, who do not like it. Nevertheless, slavery exists there and must exist in some form or other, for many years to come—perhaps for ever—by reason of the natural laws of race to which I have alluded. We have 4,000,000 negroes in our South, very different in deed, with few exceptions, from him to whose pre sence here my attention has been called. They constitute, in fact, a vast mass of ignorance and barbarism, which cannot govern itself, either for their good or ours, and which, therefore, we must govern. We, the superior race, have the right, by reason of our superiority, to govern them for our own safety and interest, not neglecting, at the same time, their wellbeing. Thus justified, and for the purpose of accomplishing these objects, we have established slavery as a system of govern ment for the negro race, wherever it exists in such numbers as to make slavery necessary, or, to speak with more philosophical as well as historical ac curacy, slavery has arisen naturally from the con tact of the two races. It furnishes, without ex pense to Government, an efficient magistracy and police to maintain order and subordination ; it enforces industry and temperance, without poor houses or prisons; it promotes the happiness of the negro by connecting the interest of the master with the health and strength, the cheer fulness and contentment of the slave. Slavery, therefore, with us means care, guidance, just con trol, and protection for the negro; it means also security, order, enterprise, wealth, and progress for ourselves. The presence of the negro race in vast numbers among us renders slavery a necessity, not a choice. It would not have been our choice, for we are quite English in our love of liberty. Being a necessity, we have used it, not cruelly or oppres sively, but in a manner worthy a people that is proud to number Alfred and Hampden among its ancestors, and regards Magna Charta and the com mon law as its ricest inheritance. The theoretical harshness of the system is modiffed and softened in practice by the character of those who apply it. The negro has been confided by Providence to the care and keeping of the magnanimous Saxou race, of that race which has built up in this island such a splendid edifice of knowledge, liberty, wealth, and power, which has based its mighty and beneficent civilization on the eternal maxims of truth, justice, and humanity, and which has erected on the same secure foundations on an empire in the West, the giant proportions of which are as yet faintly traced by the hand of time. These two great branches of this noble family I humbly hope and trust and be lieve are destined to inherit the earth. May they grow and prosper and be united in friendship as in blood, and may they rule in the East and in the West for the good of the world. The care of the negro has been thus confided to us in America as a trust. We have power over him ; we are therefore responsible for his welfare. I will not not speak-of the perils and difficulties that accompany this trust, or of the evils and calamities it brings with it. We know these well enough at home, and- those present may know something of them too from • many popular works in the current literature of the day. Nor will I deny shortcomings in the per formancei a s b t le p r t o o te a c b t u it s n e, f a o n r d h m el e p r l c e e s n s a w r l of our duty. Irresponsible power is ever befis v s e . s a i r n e p n r o o t f t I - 0 1 e y ea m kn ot e this, if proof were needed, I might point to Ireland and India, cases where an inferior race has been subjected to the power of England, of whom Eng land has been a n d i s th e trustee. I refer to them in no invidious s pi r it, f or I believe that allh ere pre sentin will agree with me that the government of each of these dep en d enc i es there has been much to deplore and much t o condemn. So our treatment of th e negroesit has been with Nevertheless dNe we are not ashamed of slavery.We o not apologise for it ; we justify it by pointing to its results. Such is the necessary imperfection of all human institutions that in speaking of a system that operates on large classes of men we must be satisfied with general effects, though particular cases of hardship are to regretted, and, if possible, remedied. Slavery is an outgrowth of Africa, which with Africa has been transported to our shores. There is nothing excellent or desirable in the nature of • either, but the presence of the one has made the other neces sary. Without Africa we should not have had slavery, but having both we must make the best of them, disarm them, so far as we can, of their mis chievous tendencies, convert them, if we can, into instruments of good. The justification of slavery lies in the evils it has prevented and the benefits it has conferred, not on us alone, but on the world. It has made of the negroes an orderly and indus trious labouring. class, well fed ; well clothed, on the whole kindly treated. Of the suffering that is caused by want, by excessive toil, by unrestrained vice, and by punishment inflicted by the law, they en dure less than any labouring class in Europe. If deprived of the protection and wholesome restraint afforded by slavery they would become helpless paupers through indolence and license, and relapse speedily into African barbarism, wretched them selves, and destructive to the social fabric under the shelter of which they now live and thrive. While slavery is thus a benefit to the negro by providing for his wants and supplying to his labour the intelligent guidance it requires, by means of that labour vast tracts of fertile :land have been cultivated that would else have TeMZTed7;ilder derness, and made to contribute to the comfort and accommodation of man. I need not enumerate all the products of slave labour whien freight so largely the commerce of all nations, which employ therefore so much capital and industry and supply so many wants and luxuries, I will mention only cotton, that wonderful plant, which, in some of its forms, enters every household, however high or however hunible, in Europe and America. How much of comfort, cleanliness, and refinement has it given to the poor; how much of these, and of elegance and beauty too, has it furnished to the rich ? Cotton is the basis of the wealth and prosperity of our Southern States, and enters largely as an element of the growing power of the North. But an article of such universal use becomes necessarily a part of the foundation of general commerce and of the wealth of nations. If it has enriched us, has it not enriched England too, and in ampler measure ? Look at your newspapers, and the daily reports of your markets ; at your statistics of commerce and manufactures, and see what a lordly and commanding part cotton plays in your affairs. It gives to us who grow it, who have the responsibility, the risks and the evils of the system of labour that produces it, an annual income of less than 200,000,000 dols. ; it gives to you who manufacture it, who send it abroad in your ships over all the world, a yearly profit of many hundred millions of pounds sterling. Some of the richest towns and counties in England owe their wealth to cotton. It affords food and employment to many thou sands of Englishmen who else would want both ; it furnishes profit on many millions of English capital; it had helped, therefore, in no small degree, to erect the towering structure of English manufactures and commerce. By creating a home market and a supply of manure cotton has also largely promoted the growth of En glish agriculture,and has thus supported the-splendour of many a noble home as well as the comfort of the farmhouse and the cottage. This wondrous growth of population, industry, and wealth, thus produced by cotton, must be sustained by it. Take away from beneath the massy fabric the delicate fibres of this little plant, and I have the authority of your own leading journal for say ing that the power and prosperity of England, the order of society, and the stability of the Throne itself would be in danger. I say this from no I ' envious or grudging sentiment. You are welcome to our cotton—nay, it is a matter of business; you pay for it. If you make more out of it than we do it is a fair reward of your ingenuity, skill, and statesmanship. I allude to the subject merely to remind you that cotton is the result of slave labour; that without slavery that labour would be ineffi cient and unproductive ; that, therefore, the hoes of our slave gangs on the Mississippi are building up the edifice of English wealth and power, as the trowl of the stonemason erects the walls of a palace ; that if slavery be an evil, we in America bear all the brunt of it, and receive a part only of the gain; and that if it be a wrong and a crime, England shares with us the guilt, for she does as much to sustain it as we do. It may be said, more over, that the origin of slavery belongs to the colo nial period of our history. England landed the first negro on our shores, and planted there an in stitution which has struck its roots so deeply, and bears such tempting and golden, though also bitter fruits, that it seems to be part of our destiny for ever. If slavery be a crime, therefore, England is particeps crintinis, and it does not lie in her mouth to reproach us with it, more especially as she enjoys its abundant harvest, bearing herself none of the heat and burden of the day. In one of the noblest dramas of your—l mean of our, greatest poet, a guilty king tries to pray but cannot. "Forgive me my foul murder— That cannot be, since I am still possessed Of those effects for which I did the murder, My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen. May one be pardoned, and retain the offence I " If we are guilty, so is England; and both to her penitence for her share of the crime, and to her con demnation of our share, the mills of Manchester are an answer. It would ill become me, however, in such a presence as this, when attempting to justify slavery, to confine my argument to the mere mate rial view of the question, momentous as that really is—to say that slavery is a source of wealth to us, and to the world ; that it maintains social peace and order in a large portion of our country, and that it secures also the physical well-being of the subject race. The reply is obvious, that being, as we are, the guardians of the negro, we are bound to look to something higher than our own selfish good or his bodily needs, and to provide for his moral and intellectual improvement. At least, we may fairly be required to show that slavery is no bar to such improvement. It would be a sad thing indeed, if true, that these 4,000,000 negroes of ours are well fed and clothed only that they may toil for our mercenary advantage, and at the same time by our laws and our practice are intentionally kept in a state of mental and moral degradation. I ad mit that no temporal good to them or to us could justify such tyranny. And herein lies the difficulty of the case, felt in America more deeply than any where, because to us it seems well-nigh hopeless. But the evil arises from the nature of the negro, and not from slavery. He makes no spontaneous moral or intellectual progress, whether a slave or free; he never has made any in his native regions. He has never risen, at any period of his history, even to the low grade of Chinese civilisation. He acquires no arts, he builds no cities or ships, he in vents no machinery, he paints no pictures, he writes no books, he forms no organised communities, he makes no laws, he cannot appreciate truth or beauty, and he is a fetich worshipper at all times and all places if left to himself. He is naturally a savage and a heathen, and may enjoy in Africa such happiness as belongs to that condi tion. But in that condition he cannot remain when he forms part of a civilised community. We cannot permit him to remain in it, both for his own sake and for ours. What, then, are we to do ? He cannot raise himself to our level—he cannot take care of himself amid the energetic struggles of a superior race. He would sink to lower depths than his original barbarism, and our 4,000,000 of his race would become a dangerous and intolerable ) mass of ignorance, degradation, and pauperism. He must, therefore, be governed, guided, cared for ; and slavery, which gives him a governor and care taker, does not depress but elevates him. It sup plies the want of his nature—a directing mind. Without slavery he would fall into a state far worse for him—that of a slave without a master. In con tact or competition with the white race he would be everybody's slave, and no one would be bound by duty or induced by interest to support or pro tect him. Our slaves in America are not without religious instruction, and the arts of industry which they are taught, and association with the white race, are an education, imperfect indeed, but superior to that of Africa, and without slavery they would get none at all. They have been ele vated by this education. The race now with us is superior to its brethren in Africa, to its ancestors who first landed on our shores. This is well known, and is made manifest whenever the native African is brought to our country, as he sometimes is, in captured slave-ships. I have said that I could not but believe the " coloured gentleman" from Canada to possess talents and education which makes him a very rare exception to the general character of his race, else he would not be found in such good company. What fortunate circumstances in his history have produced such a result I do not know. I would not venture to assert that slavery encou rages, or even permits, such a development of mind as he, no doubt, exhibits; for I have never seen a negro, slave or free, whom I considered worthy to be a member of this learned society, or the companion of the cultivated and distin guished gentlemen around me. Nevertheless it is true that negroes do often, as slaves, rise to em ployments which require thought and skill, and which imply integrity. Many can read and write ; they become mechanics, sometimes book-keepers, and are frequently intrusted with the management of farms and plantations, and with the direction and control of their fellow-labourers. Slavery, therefore, if it depresses, also elevates. It elevates the mass, and works well on the whole. That it is ' the best possible system, as now constituted and administered, by which to govern the large and increasing numbers of the negro race in America I will not affirm. Time and experience may improve it. But it is that which we now think the best, though we are not entirely satisfied with it, for it produces evil as well as good. We would gladly exchange it for a better system, did we know of one; but the interests at stake are too important for experiment or rash innovation. We therefore maintain slavery, not because we do not love liberty, but because we believe the negro unfit for it, and because we believe slavery in some form, or the complete subordination of the black to the white race, in harmony with natural laws, and essential to the social security, and to the wealth, progress, and power of our country. For all these reasons a system of caste has grown up in the North and South of the United States similar to that which prevailed for so many centuries in the grand and noble civilization of ancient India, founded on inequality of race, the black having been there, as with us, the serviie and lowest. With this system the exclusiveness of caste has been introduced. It is not the custom in the United States for white and black to meet on terms of equality ; and this arises, not from hatred or contempt of the negro, who is neither hateful nor despicable, but from the pride of race. This feel ing is by no means inconsistent with mutual re spect and affection between individuals of the two races, for such sentiments are very common, more especially between master and slave, and throw a Softening veil over the harsher features of the relpe- tion. I confess I am not without this pride or prejudice, if you will, myself. Though I know it to be the result of education and association, it has the force of instinct. Nevertheless, I blame not others who are free from such feelings, 'more especially those of another country, who have not been subjected to the influences which have formed my sentiments on the subject. I think it, moreover, prudent and proper that a traveller, es pecially if he represent his own country, should conform to the customs and manners of the people he visits. Were I Minister to Rome, I would, if such be the usage, kneel and kiss the slipper of the Pope; if to China, I would observe all the frivolous ceremonial of its Court etiquette, and try to eat with chopsticks. In like manner, being here, and Minister to England, and finding a negro moving in the highest circles of English society, I cheer fully acquiesce, repress any exhibition of repug nauce or surprise, and should have taken no notice of the circumstance had not my attention been publicly called to it by the distinguished and noble lord, whose remarks have induced me to trespass thus much on your and this learned assembly's in dulgent attention. This is a meagre sketch of what Mr. Dallas might and could, and perhaps would have said had he deemed it right tosay anything. He would have filled up and enlarged the outline with illustrations drawn from the stores of his thought and know ledge, and clothed it with the vesture of his grace ful and happy style, It is too bad that England should taunt us with slavery, and all the while grow rich on our cotton and fat on our corn—the former exclusively the product of slave labour, the latter indirectly so—for cotton produces the Eng lish demand for our corn, which makes it grow. Some of our papers are indignant at the speech of Lord Brougham ; but this is a mistake, for resent ment admits that slavery is a blemish on our na tional character—that we are insultable on that point ; whereas the institution, if not, as some as sert, a positive blessing, is a necessity imposed on us by the negro race, and therefore no reproach. The remark of Lord Brougham was, no doubt, meant for an argument, as he afterwards said it was, not out of place at the meeting of a statistical society, and as such it should have been answered if answered at all. If a covert sneer was also in tended, that may be lightiy borne, if we can refute the argument. SOCIAL SCIENCE CONGRESS: GLASGOW, SEPT. 27. THE WORKING MEN'S MEETING. At eight p.m. a meeting of working men was held in the City Hall, in connection with and under the auspices of the association. Almost as soon as the doors were opened the large hall was crowded in every part. The president of the association, Lord Brougham, entered the hall leaning on the arm of the Lord Provost of Glasgow. His lordship's appearance was the signal for general cheering, which lasted several minutes, the company rising en masse and saluting his lordship by waving of hats and shouting loud hurrahs. Among those on the platform we observed, be sides Lord Brougham and the Lord Provost, Lord Rayn ham, Sir John Pakington, the Hon. Arthur Kinnaird. Sheriff Sir Archibald Alison, M. Louis Blanc, Sir James Campbell of Stracathro, the Lord' Advocate of Scotland, Sir David Brewster, &c. Miss Isa Craig, Miss Carpenter, and Miss Bessie Parkes were also present. Lord BROUGHAM, on rising, was received with loud and long-continued applause. He said—l assure you it gives me the greatest, the most heartfelt satisfaction to find my self in this prodigious meeting. (Cheers.) Such an assem blage I never saw before collected together in any part of the United Kingdom, and my experience of public meet ings has not been small, neither has it extended over a small space of time. (Hear.) But at no period during the last 60 years, during which I have been in the practice oc casionally of attending public meetings—(a laugh)—not, as was told most slanderously upon one or two occasions 30 years ago, when party feeling raged very high in all direc tions, of which, happily, we have now hardly any remains —when it was said of me that I was in the constant habit of attending public meetings. (Hear, and laughter.) And we of the Association have been gratified and to a certain degree of wonder have seen the reception we have met with on this occasion, which has, in many respects, exceeded all the receptions accorded to us on the three several former occasions that we have held congresses of the association. (Applause.) We are of no party in the State, we are of no sect in the Church ; we open our arms wide to all parties, without respect of person, from the highest Tory to the greatest radical—(a laugh)—from the high churchman to the low churchman, from the Catholic to the Protestant, from the Jew to the Gentile; we open our doors to all sects, all classes, all parties, and all conditions of men. (Loud Cheers.) That you might take part, my friends and fellow-workmen I may call you—(immense cheering)—for I myself have been a working-man all my life. (Renewed cheering) I began work more than sixty years ago I have mentioned, and from that hour to this I have been a work ing man like yourselves, and a working man I will con- tinue to be so long as Providence blesses me with health of body and strength of mind to continue my efforts—(great cheering)—but I claim no merit for this. (Hear.) I like it; it has becomo my second nature ; it has become my habit ; I cannot possibly lay it aside, and I do not see why I should lay it aside. If I saw any reason, if I saw that the public would be better served by my laying it aside, then I would lay it aside, and take the ease I might have earned, or thought I had earned ; but till I find I can work no longer, or there is any reason why I should work no longer, I shall work, and I will work so long as I live. (Cheers.) It is on that account I call you my friends and fellow working men. We belong to the same class, and I only hope and trust that you will continue to have thathealth with which I have been graciously blessed, and continue to be able to work, as I am sure you aro willing to work, like me. (Cheers.) I am about to propose a resolution, Which, I think, though I have dealt very much in generalities, it is better to propose, as it will meet, I think, the exigencies of the case, and give you an opportunity of declaring what I may venture to call your adhesion to our great movement of social science, to our great pursuit of that which is for the interest alike of all men, of all classes of the community without distinction, and I propose that you shall resolve "That working men, by giving attention to the principles of social science, and communicating to this association facts relative thereta coming under their own observation, will aid in the discovery of laws, on the observance of which depends the welfare of all classes of the community." (Cheers.) Many things will occur to you from time to time, and some things may occur unreasonable, ill-founded, either in sense or in fact, and upon which discussion amongst yourselves, and discussion with our committees, will throw light ; and if there be error in your suggestions, will discover that error; and if you propose to go the wrong way, they set you the right by a full and free discussion, which, blessed be Heaven, in this country we enjoy to absolute perfection. (Applause.) I know there are here some valued friends of mine—l won't say from the sister kingdom merely, for these are our fellow-countrymen—l won't say from the neighbouring sister island Ireland only, for these also are our fellow-countrymen ; but there are from across the than-. nel some most worthy, enlightened, and able friends of mine—men who honestly hold the opinions which we en tertain, namely, that the progress of the people in social science is the first object for a statesman and a philosopher to encourage. In their presence I abstain purposely from be tokening any unseemly emulation in the happy fortunes of this our country, to enjoy that unrestricted freedom of dis cussion in all the manner of ways to which I have just now adverted. (Cheers.) Happily we have in every way—in Parliament, absolutely unrestrained—through the press, absolutely free—in public meetings, without the shadow of a pretence that any one has the right, or, indeed, has the desire to restrain. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) In all ways, then, we have absolutely perfect freedom of discussion on all subjects in church and state. (Hear, hear.) In all matters of policy, foreign and domestic, in all branches of social science, which includes every branch ofpublic interest —we have the most absolute and uncontrolled freedom of dis cussion. But I will venture to hope that this will not always be confined within these four seas that sue round us. (Hear, hear, and applause.) I hope and trust that the country men of the excellent friends to whom I have referred are not doomed always to labour under the same obstacles, and difficulties, and obstructions to free discussions, but that they will once more have what they once had, but abused when they had it. (Hear, hear.) I would fain hope that before we part, although I have not seen them to ask their intentions, one of my most excellent friends, that most able lawyer, who delivered one of his speeches at one or two of our sections, as well delivered and in as good English as any man here present could do—(cheers)—will not let us part without letting us hear the sound of his voice. (Cheers.) The two friends to whom I refer are M. Desmerat, an emi nent French lawyer, who addressed the committee under the Lord Advocate yesterday on an important subject of law, and my excellent friend M. Gamier Pages, who per fectly understands English, but does not speak it like Des - merat. I do not hope that we shall hear him, but M. Pages, who was one of the most distinguished members—next to the late M. Arago—of the Provisional Government of 1848, and behaved I won't say how. (Laughter.) His wise and upright conduct saved the credit of the country, but had the effect, by imposing a tax which was not liked by our neigh bours, of overturning the Government. (Laughter.) I give you that as a sample of the honesty as well as the wisdom of my excellent friend M. Pages ; but since that time he has not been a member of any Government whatever. There are other friends on the platform whom I will not stop to name, because thir names are known to you, and are not unknown to others who are strangers here. I will now con clude by proposing the resolution before you, which I hope and trust will receive the sanction of your approval, and that you will act upon it, each in his own sphere. (Loud applause, amid which Lord Brougham resumed his seat.) Mr. J. WILKINSON, upholsterer, supported the resolu tion in a speech of some length. Lord BROUGHAM then said—l have sail that my friends M. Desmerat and M. Gamier Pages will speak here, but as there was no mention made of that previous to coming into this hall, these gentlemen have not had a moment's time to cast their ideas together. Yet they have agreed to the re conamciAtioxi A 40,Y0 `Matured to throw out, (Grout ohm ing.) M. Pages will now address you, and afterwards M. Desmerat. (Cheers.) M. G. PAGES then came to the front of the platform, and on making his appearance he was greeted with immense cheering. He spoke in French, which was interpreted to the meeting by the lion. Arthur Kinnaird, M.P. M, Pages said—lt is with profound feelings of thankfulness towards your excellent President that I find myself in the position of addressing an audience such as this. (Cheers.) The son of a workman, it is through the working people that I have gained the position which I now hold, and it is in that character that I now wish to address you. (Cheers.) It was with the people that I engaged in the struggle, but unfortunately when I addressed them, and told them the truth, they did not exactly agree with me, and did not sup port me in all my views. That the people may have what they desire--that theymay go at a steady step with the general advance—not too hastily —is my hope, as it is only by that means that they will obtain what they wish. (Cheers.) The future is in the hands of the people; but the people, in order to gain that position which I wish them to gain, must only support and encourage that which is morally right and just, and their demands should be in accordance with what is just and right. (Great cheering.) Allow me, in one word, to say that it is for the people I have lived, and for the people I am ready to die. (Im mense cheering), M. DESMERAT, who spoke in English, likewise thanked the audience for the reception they had received. He pro posed that the subject of social science should not be con•. fined to Great Britain alone, but that the matter should be a European one. (Cheers.) He referred to the presence of M. Louis Blanc at the meeting, and expressed the pleasure he felt at seeing such an illustrious countryman, who was suffering for his well .grounded principles. At the mention of the na - rae of M. Louis Blanc, the im mense assemblage like one man rose to their feet, and cheer upon cheer issued in massive volume from thousands of throats, the owners of which at the same time waved hats, caps, and handkerchiefs in the air for several minutes. Lord Brougham also rose to his feet, and looked towards that part of the platform occupied by the illustrious foreigner, on which M. Louis Blanc crossed towards his lordship, and both gentlemen heartily shook hands. The excitement and enthusiasm at this moment was very great. The Hon. ARTHUR F. KINNAIRD, M.P., next addressed the meeting, after which Lord BROUGHAM said—The resolution moved bymyself, seconded by Mr. Wilkinson, supported by my friend the Hon. A. Kinnaird, but which especially received the signal and most gratifying support of my friends M. Gamier Pages and M.. Desmerat, I take your sense whether or not you agree to that resolution. (Great applause.) I should wish the same unanimous assent to a proposal to testify our re spectful thanks to M. Gamier Pages and M. Desmerat on the present occasion. (Prolonged cheering.) lam sure the reception which you have given to my proposition will be gratifying to my two friends. (Cheers.) One word in my own defence. (Laughter.) My remarks on the House of Commons have been referred to; but it must also be re membered that I spoke of the House of Lords, and though what I said of them was short in point of length of time, it was not much less sweet. (Laughter.) I charged the House of Lords, of which I am an unworthy member — (laughter)—l charged them distinctly with having acted according to the just letter of the law, but against the con stitution—(hear)—against the interests of the people, and against the diffusion of knowledge, by rejecting most impro perly, though lawfully, the proposition which the House of Commons had passed to repeal the duty upon paper, and to render knowledge cheap and accessible to all. (Applause.) Dr. LANKESTER moved—" That great improvementshave been made in the sanitary condition of this city, but much yet remains to be done, in order to diminish the causes of disease, poverty, and crime." Mr. M. M'FARLANE seconded the resolution. Mr. HASTINGS, the general secretary, then made a few remarks in support of the motion, which, having been put to the meeting, the chairman declared carried unanimously. FROM THE GAZETTE OF LAST EVENING. LORD CHAMBERLAIN'S-OFFICE, SEPT. 28. Orders for the Court's going into mourning on Sunday next, the 30th inst., for her late Royal Highness the Duchess Dowager of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, widow of his Royal Highness -the late Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, father of his Royal Highness the Prince Consort, and uncle and father-in-law of her Majesty the Queen, viz : The ladies to wear black silk, plain muslin or long lawn, crape or love hoods, black silk shoes, black glazed gloves, and black paper fans. The genile . men to wear black cloth without buttons on the sleeves or pockets, plain muslin. or long lawn cravats and weepers, black swords and buckles. FOREIGN-OFFICE, SEPT. 28. It is hereby notified that the Right Hon. Lord John Russell, her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, has received from his Excellency the Marquis d'Azeglio, the Sardinian Minister in London, the following communication 23, Park-lane, Sept. 20, 1860. My Lord,—His Majesty's Squadron having arrived be• fore the fortress of Ancona, has placed the town and pore in a state cf effective blockade. I have received the order Of the Minister for Foreign Affairs to communicate this fact officially to your Bac lency. _ _ Count Cavour desires me at the samo time to inform your Excellency, that the principles of maritime law, established by the Congress of Paris, will be scrupulously adhered to in this instance. Accept, my Lord, the expression of my highest consi deration. (Signed) V. E. D'AzuLio. The Lord John Russell, &e. DOWNING-STREET, SEPT. 27. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Thomas Elliott, Esq., to be Registrar in the Colonial Secretary's Offieo in the Island of Mauritius. BANKRUPTS. William Smith and Robert Walls Sinclair, linen factors, Pancras-lane, City, to surrender, Oct. 9, at eleven, and Nov. 15, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Frederick Johnstone, boarding-house keeper, Eastbourne terrace, Paddington, Oct. 11 and Nov. 16, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Marks Leopold Muller, watch manufacturer, Alderman bury Postern, City, Oct. 6 and Nov. 13, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. John Ashdown, draper, Porsford-terrace, Middlesex, Oct. 11, at half. past eleven, and Nov. 16, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. George Taylor, West Bromwich, timber merchant, Oct. 12 and Nov. 2, at eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Edwin Lindop, Knighton, Staffordshire, farmer, Oct. 12 and Nov. 2, at eleven, a t th e Bi rm i ng h am Di str i c t Court. Francis Edward Shipley, jun., brickdfaker, Giltbrook, Nottingham, Oct. 9 and Nov. 1, at eleven, at the Shire hall, Nottingham. Charles Frankcom Lear, baker, Fishponds, Gloucester shire, Oct. 9 and Nov. 12, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Wm. Elliott, builder, Chelsea, Oct. 11, at half-past twelve, and Nov. 16, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. James Willats, upholsterer, Finsbury-pavement, Oct. 12 and Nov. 9, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Joseph Philipson, milliner, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Oct. 9 and Nov. 7, at twelve, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Dis trict Court. Isidor Selke, provision merchant, Tower-hill, Oct. 9, at half-past eleven, and Nov. 13, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Robert Folkhard Adams, pipe maker, Stowmarket, Suf folk, Oct. 9, at half-past twelve, and Nov. 15, at o ne , a t th e Cout of Bankruptcy. William Foxcroft and George Wellock, the younger, cotton spinners, Heckmondwike, Yorkshire, Oct. 12 and Nov. 8, at eleven, at the Commercial-buildings, Leeds. John Yaxley, cab proprietor, Vauxhall-bridge .road, Oct. 9, at half-past one, and Nov. 15, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Charles Tuck, butcher, Ely,Cambridgeshire, Oct, 8, at half-past one, and Nov. 15, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnleng, licensed victualler, Bridlington Quay, East Riding of Yorkshire, Oct. 17 a n d N ev . 7, at twelve, at the Leeds District Court. SCOTCH BANKRUPTS. Alexander Couper, farmer, Drumfolds, Old Rain. Thomas Sommerville, wool merchant, Glasgow. Archibald Low, plumber, Partick, near Glasgow. BANK OF ENGLAND. An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth Victoria, cap. 32, for the week ending on Wednesday, the 26th day of Sept., 1860 : ISSUE DEPARTMENT. Notes issued ......X29,957,085 , Government Debt £11,115,100 Other Securities .. 3,459,900 G old Coin & Bullion 15,482,015 Silver Bullion .... - £29,957,085 £29,957,085 BANKING IX Proprietors' Capi tal £14.553,000 Rest Public Deposits (in cluding Exche quer, Savings' Banks, Commia missioners of Na tional Debt, and oErAnninorr. Government Secu rities (including Dead Weight A nnuity) Other Securities Notes Gold and Silver Coin 773,866 Dividend Ac counts) 7,092,681 Other Deposits 12,073,222 Seven Day and other Bills 722,132 X 39,130,321 M. I 9,130, RSHALL, Chief C£3ashier.32l Dated Sept. 27, 1860. AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR, The Average Price of Brown or Musco va d o Sugar, com puted f rom Returns made in the week ending the 25th day Of Sept., 1860, exclusive of the duties of Customs paid or payable thereon on the importation thereof into Great Britain : Muscovado, the produce of the British pos sessions in America .................... 27s 6d Muscovado, the produce of the Mauritius .. 22s 21d Average price of the foregoing ............ 27s lid [ADVERTISE:IENT.] Pills and; medicine invariably ap;- gravate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, dis appointment, and expense may be avoided by persons in indifferent health sending only their address to E. S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street, W., London, and they will receive gratis and free by post the " INvActos' OWN GUIDE," or Natural Restorer, without medicine or ex penefreshise, of perfect digestion, s t rong nerves, sound lungs, and rng sleep, to the most ennebled, insuring the removal of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints, nausea, epilep sy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitation, cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrhoea, dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palps, tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasmi sinking, fits, /9 11 Gbitis.—"UnqUestionably the safest guide 1 to hestltl4l.! POLICE INTEL LICENCE - ti 28. CLERK ENWELL. --IMPORTANT BASTARDY CASE.--Tnli RIGHT OF THE JEWS TO DIVORCE THEMSELVES.—Henry Nathan, a man about 50 years of age, described as a general dealer, and at tendant at auction sales, residing at 43, Bowling green-lane, Clerken well, appeared before Mr. Corrie to show cause why he should not be ad judged the putative father of two children which had been given birth to by Elizabeth Isaacs, of 6, Oldham-place; Clerkenwell. The case excited a great deal of interest, and the court was filled by members of the Jewish per suasion. Mr. Thomas Wakeling, solicitor, appeared for the complainant, and Mr. Sleigh, barrister, for the defendant. Mr. Wakeling opened the case at some length, and from his statement it appeared that in August, 1844, the complainant was married to a Mr. Morris Abrahams, and lived with him five years, having two children by him. The complainant's husband then left her and went to live with another woman, and the complainant, some time afterwards, co habited with the defendant, who was then living in Crown-street, Soho. On the 24th of May, 1854, the complainant had a child by the defendant, she, at that time living with the defendant in Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields; On the 20th of July, 1858, the complainant had another child by the defendant. They both lived together as man and wife, when the complainant left him. The de fendant promised the complainant he would marry her if she got a divorce from her husband, and in December, 1858, the complainant was divorced ac cording to the Jewish religion, by the Rabbi and 12 of the Jewish Synagogue, in Leadenhall-street, and her husband then gave her £4O at the time, and took his two children with him, and since then he has married another woman. The defendant paid for both children, and always treated them as his own. The whole of the money which the com plainant had received when she was divorced had been spent while she was cohabiting with the de fendant, and as he now refused to support the chil dren the present summonses were taken out. Mr. Sleigh said the husband of the complainant was still alive and in London, and as for the com plainant and her husband being divorced according to the Jewish religion that was not valid, for a divorce must be according to the law of England. If the husband or the complainant had married again they might be indicted and convicted of bigamy. He then cited the cases of " Queen v. Wymond," 2 Queen's Bench Reports, and " The King v. Collam," and contended that, as the com plainant was a married woman she could not be entitled to the benefit of the Bastardy Act, and that by swearing in her information that she was a single woman, and that the defendant was the father of her children, she had committed perjury. Mr. Wakeling said there could be no moral doubt that the defendant was the father of the complain ant's children, and he ought to support them. Mr. Corrie said he had got all the cases before him, and the point seemed to him to be—whether there was access or not on the part of the husband. Mr. Sleigh said that no person was entitled to the benefit of the act unless she was a single woman or a widow. Mr. Corrie—The difficulty is that both the hus band and the complainant both live in this town, and access might have b ee n h a d b y th e h us b an d . In all the cases before him the husband was beyond the seas, and in one case at the birth of the child the husband was transported, and had been so for some years. Mr. Sleigh—Another question is whether the husband might not be prosecuted under the Poor law Act. What answer would he have to the com plainant ? Mr. Wakeling—No doubt he would plead the adultery of his wife, which, if proved, would be sufficient. He should be able to prove that the complainant and the defendant lived together as man and wife, and now the defendant, in the most heartless manner, refused to pay one farthing to- wards the support of his children. Mr. Corrie, in dismissing the summons, said the mere fact of a man having intercourse with another man's wife did not bastardise the issue. Mr. Wake ling would have great difficulty in proving the ques tion of non-access. COUNTRY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL-SEPT. 28. The harvest is still progressing slowly in this part of the county, and generally throughout the kingdom, owing to the unsettled weather. The arrivals are insignificant. There was a large attendance of both millers and dealers at this morning's market, with an active consumptive de mand for fine wheat, which may be quoted at Id to 2d per 1001bs advance on the week ; oaty red American in slow sale at former prices. Flour was difficult to buy, with a dull sale. Oats in moderate request, at late rates. Beans more neglected. Oatmeal was at easier rates. Barley and peas scarce, and brought more money. In Indian corn there was a brisk business doing at late rates. WAKEFIELD—SEPT. 23. The show of wheat was small, and fine old was is to 2s dearer ; the same may be said of good new sorts ; but mil lers bought with reserve. New barley more plentiful, and at about previous rates. Other artiales steady, and prices unchanged. LOU GHBOROUGH—SEPT. 27. The trade was rather excited to-day, with a limited show of wheat, at 3s per qr over late rates. Thesupply of barley scarce. White ruled at G4s to 675, red 60s to 64s per qr. Barley, 29s to 45s ; oats, 28s to 328; beans, 47s to 52s ; peas, —s to —s. EXETER A dull business was done the following prices : Wheat, white.. 8s 3d to 8s 6d I Barley. ..4s 6d t o 5 s Od Ditto red .. 8s Od to 8s 3d Oats . 3s 4d to 4s 01 New white wheat, 7s 10 7s 6d; red, 6s 9d to 7s. Flour, fine, 46s to 47s ; seconds, 44s to 45s per sack. CATTLE. •SEPT. 28. the corn market to-day, at There was a small attendance of dealers at the market. Business dull. Fat beef,p score, lis to 11s6d I Perk carcases,do 12s to 12s 6d Sheep, per lb. . 7d to —d Rough fat, Ewes, per lb 6d to 60 `tethers, 6jd to 7d Fat calves, d 0.... 7d to 01 4d per lb. BRISTOL SUGAR,LSEpT. 28. We have had but few sales for raw sugars this week, and prices are with difficulty supported. [ADVERTISEMENT]..--It is ever a pleasing duty of a journalist to introduce to his readers some new discovery calculated to benefit that vast portion of our fellow-crea tures, which has the strongest claims upon our sympathies. It is with this feeling that we call the attention of invalids to the following extracts from Du Barry's interesting report of Cures without medicine by Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food. Cure No. 52,422.—Bridgehouse, Frimley Surrey, 3d April 1854. I have suffered these 33 years con tinually from diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver de rangement, deafness, singing in the ears, constipation, de bility, shortness of breath and cough, which have been re moved by your Revalenta Arabica. My lungs, liver, sto mach, head, and ears, are all right, my hearing perfect, and my recovery is a marvel to all my acquaintances. James Roberts. Cure No. 36,418. R ev. Dr. Minster of cramps, spasms, and daily vomitings. Avoid Pills and Medicines : they invariably aggravate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, disappointment, a nd expense may be avoided by us i ng D u B arry ' s Food which, at a few pence per day, saves 50 times its cost in other remedies, removing effectually, without purging, co nstipation,. indigestion (dyspepsia) nervous, bilious and liver complaints and all their consequences. Certificate No. 36,418. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew Ur°, MD., F.R.S., Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer, Dr. Shorland, D r . Carapell. Let invalids avoid the fearful dangers of spu rious and injurious imitations offered under a variety of false pretences. Nevill's imitations are prohibited by the high Court of Chancery unde r a penalty of £5,000 against Alfred Ilooper Nevill and his agents ; and the pretences that Nevill has a patent for Arabica Food and that Du Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly false. No canister is genuine without the name Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, on the seal and wrapper. Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in one article must expect to be distrusted in all others. Packed in tins 11b. 2s. 9d.; 21b. 4s 6d. ; 51b. 11s. ; 121 b. 225. ; 241 b. 40s. The 121 b. and 241 b. canisters are sent carriage free on receipt of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Re. gent-street, London; Fortnum Mason, and Co.; Abbis, 60, Gr acechurch-street • 4, Cheapside ; 63 and 150, Ox ford-street ; 330 and 451, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate street ; Batty, 16, Finsbury Pavement ; Phillips and Co, tea .dealers ; Petty, 'Wood, and Co., King William-street, City ; at 127, High Holborn ; and all grocers. BIRTHS. CLARK.— On the 27th inst., the wife of Alfred Clark, Esq., solicitor, of a daughter. FULLER.—On the 2Gtb. inst., Mrs. Francis Fuller, of a daughter. GABroun.—On the 25th inst., at Brighton, Lady Emily Gaisford, of a son. SPEARMAN.—On the 27th inst., at 20, Chester-street, Beigrave-square, Lady Maria Spearman, of a son. MARRIAGES. COVENTRY—TODD. —On the 25th inst., at St. Mary Mag. dalene, Taunton, St. John Coventry, Esq., of Henbury House, Dorset, to Maly Elizabeth, the:only daughter of Lieut.-Col. F. W. Todd, late 14th Madras N.I. MELLOR—PAGET. — On the 27th inst., at Ruddington, John Wm. Mellor, of the Inner Temple, barrister-at-law, the eldest son of John Mellor, Esq., Q.C., M.P. of Otters pool, Herts, to Caroline, fourth daughter of Chas. Paget, Esq., M.P., of Ruddington Grange, in the county of Notts. . DEATHS. DEAN.—On the 24th inst., at 4, .River-terrace, N., Mr. Richard Dean, of Longthorpe, Peterborough, aged 60. Fislinu.—On the 27th inst., at Old Charlton, Elizabeth, relict of the late Major• General Sir Geo.Bulteel Fisher, aged 90. FosTER,--On the 26th inst., at Stourton Court, Stour bridge, Wm. Foster, Esq., aged 76. HowELL.—On the 26th inst., at Wandsworth, James Howell, Esq., aged 69. MAcAr LAY.—On the 27th inst., Zachary Macaulay, Esq., of the Railway Clearing House, and formerly a member of the firm of 'Bainbridge and Co., Madras, aged 46. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at 214 Sun Dice, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the meaty of Saturday, September 29, 1804