The Sun. — London, England, 1859-09-09 00:00:00

'COMeT - OP-CRIMINAL TO THE EDITOR OF THE DAILY NEWS. Sir,—lt is now a period of three years since I ad dressed the public, through the medium of your journal, on the subject of a grave defect in our cri minal jnrisprudence. A long familiarity with of courts law, and with the machinery to which we resort for the detection and punishment of crime, as well as for the establishment of innocence when ex posed to unjust accusation, had previously , impressed me strongly with a conviction of this defeat ; and I bad endeavoured, both by published writings, and in the discharge of my judicial duties as a Recorder, to arouse public attention to it. The defect of which I speak is the want of a supreme judicial tri 13unal wherein the issue of criminal trials may .be =e-considered in the event of fresh evidence coming to light after the verdict, or of the verdict itself not according with the evidence, or of circumstances generally transpiring which may render desirable a review of the proceedings. At the period of which I speak—namely, in 1856—three foreigners were tried and condemned for murder at Winchester. The youngest . of these, a youth' of 18, solemnly pro tested his innocence ; his was not the hand which dealt the fatal blow, and one of the elder prisoner s protested from the first that he himself was guilty, but that his younger companion had acted entirely under his compulsion, on fear of personal violence to himself. This doubtless in a felonious act would be no justification whatever generally ; but neverthe less it and be taken as a mitigating circumstance, as the French law calls it, " une circonstence attenu ante," in awarding punishment. The authorities of the gaol, and especially the humane chaplain, ad dressed themselves to the Holm-office with a view of obtaining a reprieve for the young Man ; the day of execution was rapidly approaching ; the Assizes on the Western Circuit had been somewhat protracted. The month of August had arrived, and the Secre tary of State was not in London. A formal reply ' was received from the Under Secretary, and the ' law was left to take its course. I contended in the letter I addressed to you on that occasion that had there been a Supreme Court of Criminal Appeal, this young man's life would most probably have been spared. I mentioned at the same time another case which had occurred not long pre viously, where a poor woman, exas p e rated by a long course of brutal usage, of personal violence, and of threats, took at last a deadly revenge upon her husband, and expiated her guilt upon the scaffold. The case of Dr. Smethurst, unfortunate as it may be in giving a shock to the adm inistration of justice under the present imperfection of its fabric, is most fortunate, as more powerfully than ten thousand -arguments, it must certainly lead at the first possible opportunity to an alteration in the law. Far be it from me to impign the wisdom, sagacity, upright intentions, and sense of justice which animate the able men who preside over the Home-office, both in the capacity of Secretary or Under-Secretaries. What I maintain is, that no single individual, however eminent his talents or ex alted his position, ought,to be charged with the gravest of all responsibilities, namely, that of deciding on the life of a fellow-creature. What are to be the data of such decision ? The notes of the judge who tried the cause, and who naturally must be biassed in favour of his own opinion, or the brief of the counsel for the prosecution, who can seldom be expected to enter ' tain the most favourable views towards a prisoner. No wonder that with such materials for a calm re consideration of the q.uestion the Secretary of State, even if he were a jurist, which is not always the case, should be distracted and torn asunder with difficulties and doubts. I have seen it Bug , gested that such a tribunal as I have advocated should belong equally to the accuser as to the 'ac cused. God forbid that that sacred principle of our law, " Nemo bis vexari debet pro eadem musk" should ever be infringed: , Better that a hun dred guilty persons escape than that the liberties of men should thus be jeopardised, and that perse cution should-stand in the place of prosecution. But, exclaim the opponents of criminal appeal in cases of conviction, the prerogative of the Crown will be interfered with. Never in the annals of our history has the prerogative of mercy rested in better or purer hands than it does now; but there is a regal qualification, higher than even that of mercy — namely, justice to which the meanest and most humble of her Majesty's subjects has a right. If a prisoner has been unjustly condemned, to offer him a pardon can never cancel that injustice, for a par don is of grace ; his claim is of justice, as a debt. This difficulty will, doubtless, be sorely felt at the present time; for, if Miss Bankes died a natural death, the " corpus delicti," as we lawyers term it, fails, and Dr. Smethurst is entitled, as of right, to his discharge. But, it will be urged that, if a supreme tribunal be erected, the authority of juries will be impaired, and they will not be so careful in future to arrive at a correct conclusion when they know that their decision is not always final and conclusive. The common feeling and experience of human nature rather point to the other side. Never are men so anxious to discharge their duty faithfully to society and to their fellow-men as when their actions and conduct are directly responsible to others, and when they are sensible that the judgment they have passed is liable to be reversed. On the other hand, there would be this security in the knowledge of the pos sibility of ulterior discussion, that in very grave offences submitted to them, they would not be so disposed to go out of their way in favour of acquit tal, almost against their conscience, as they would be if they felt that their decision could not be re voked. The last objection I shall mention to a court of criminal appeal is, that it would give the rich man an undue advantage over the poor man. This objection might prevail in countries where venality and corruption exist ; but in our own land, of which one of the highest boasts is its unsullied and purely-intentioned administration of justice, the voice of public opinion would denounce and over whelm any attempt, if such should be made, to blacken and defile its source ; while a generous hand would always be held out to extricate the needy and friendless, if innocent, from the conse quences of a wrongf ul conviction. It only remains to consider what form of tribunal would best answer the required purpose ; and here we cannot do better than resort to that wonderful monument of genius and wisdom, the Code Napo leon,, for our model. The Cour de Cassation in France presents in its form of structure the simplest and most admirable institution of ultimate appeal, implying by its name that it breaks to pieces and annuls thejudgment of the inferior court. Unlike the appellatejurisdiction proposed by Mr. M'Mahon in the session of Parliament just terminated, whereby a strained analogy was sought to be enforced be tween criminal and civil causes, and an appeal was given to the ordinary and permanent judicature of the Court of Queen's Bench, the Cour de Cassation - is composed of two distinct courts, an inner and an outer, the judges of which sit by rotation, except the President, giving their assistance at fixed intervals in each court. The Cour de Cassation in neither of its departments investigates facts, but its functions are to see that the law has been properly admininistered the court below, and that the facts as already elicited justify the sentence. If the outer or preliminary tribunal (the French name I do not recollect at this moment), composed as it is of several judges, considers that sufficient 'grounds have been established for re-opening the judgment, the case is remit ted to the inner and superior court, where it is dealt with in the last instance. In almost all cases where the judgment is not confirmed, a new trial is ordered to take place, but never before the same tribunal where it first occurred. In France the Institution of the Cour de Cassation is one attended with considerable expense. The judges composing it receive salaries large for France, but not as com pared with those paid to'the judges of the English superior courts. In this country the establishment of a court of criminal appeal need not be attended with any ex - Penae at all. The fifteen judges might sit in rota tion, in such a double court as the Cour de Cassation - without any increase of their salaries, the Lord Chief Justice °f England being perpetual president of this high tribunals-0:d without any great apprehension that their labour s would be much increased. The present sitting of the Court of Appeal in matters of law justify no such app re h ens i on . But, even if we did not constitute a cou r t a f ter . the model o f the French Cour de Cessation, the powers of the ex isting Court of Appeal might be extended and en larged, so as to embrace the functions now defec tively devolving upon the Home -office. Whatever be• the court established, not the least of its duties wcmld be to award public compensation to persons ors )ngfully convicted, and whose innocence should be ; ifterwards satisfactorily made out. Closely alongside the question df a court of cri mirial appeal lies that of a public prosecutor — a re - qui rentent more clearly manifested than ever by the def ectivre and doubtful character of the medical evi dence or the late trial. Although the demand for such an official has been latterly loud and general, and frequent failure of justice ensues fro m .. th e . prey ant system, yet session after session is a llowe d to pa ss by, and not one of the la w officers of t he crow n, much less private members thirsting for dis tinct ion, either has leisure or thinks it worth thhie s while to deserve the thanks of the country by introd'uction of a measure for the appointment of a public prosecutor. While energy and oratory are scrnanile - % - ed on a turnpike act or a gas bill, improve , molts w i L i.,l concern the lives and liberties of our fell ow - su bSocts, lying athwart the path of our sena , - tors, are lucked aside and neglected. Th sire is the department of justice, voted at least tic-0 ; rears ago unanimously by the House of Com mons, still ae subject of discussion, perhaps result- - ing fronksome departmental jealonay_amongiitate functionaries, at a period when the country re quires vigorous action. Opposition there is none, except it be on the score of expense ; but as regards that head, even if the nation begrudged, which it does not, some few thousands a year for the amend ment and perfecting of its jurisprudence, an ample sum for its maintenance and support tnightjv rescued from the superfluities of soap and stationery in the public offices. Now that Europe is at peace, and there is something pretty like unanimity on the subject of electoral reform, we expect our states men to employ their' abilities and their leisure in reducing to practice those professions for the national welfare which have been their passport to power, but to which unless th faithfully act up, they will very soon forfeit the ey national confidence. —I am, &c„ J. E. EARDLEY WILMOT. Sept. 6. - terms of their Convention. Italy herself seems to relieve them, and to invite anew arrangement, more suitable to the comparative dignity of Cmsars and municipalities. If anything is to be done, it must be done immediately. France and Austria will soon be too good friends to quarrel about Italy, and too wise to have anything to quarrel about. BRITISH ( OLUMBIA. (From the Correspondent of the Times.) VICTORIA, VANCOUVER . S ISLAND, • July 25. For a period of two or three weeks people here were in a state of despondency which threatened a " panic." The quantity of gold I , rought down from Fraser River had lessened. Miners were leaving for San Francisco. Trade was dull, and many per sons, taking their impressions from the San Fran cisco newspapers, rather than from what was going on around them, began to fancy that tke mines had really "caved in ;" that Fraser River had turned out to be a " humbug," and that a general exodus would leave both colonies to their normal savage condition, unless "something should turn up." All this time Victoria has been steadily improv ing and increasing ' • and, fortunately, " something has turned up" to allay the fears of the croakers. We now hear, on rßliable testimony, corroborated by the arrival of gold by every steamer from British Columbia, that the miners are as prosperous as they ever were ; that new goldfields are being found ; that the miners who went to San Francisco (whither it is very natural they should go for a spree, or to see their friends) are coming back again to pursue their labours in our mines ; and, as a consequence, that trade has revived. Now all is hope, trust, and good spirits. Far up in the interior gold has lately been dis covered on Quesnats (corrupted into Canal) River, a tributary of the Fraser, into which it falls about 30 miles north-west of Fort Alexander, one of the Hudson's Bay Company's stations on the Southern confines of New Caledonia district. This point is about 500 miles distant from Victoria, and is the extreme one to which the miners have penetrated. The accounts of the yield of this new scene of labour are exorbitant,-30 dols. a-day to the man, while some reach 200 dols. A Government official just down from the neighbourhood reports: — "Several miners told me that the 'dirt' averaged 50 to 60 cents. to the pan. Mr. A. S. Bates showed me a mass of retorted gold worth 67 doLq.,;which was the result of one day's work by two men who considered themselves unlucky. The most successful party was three Germans who had taken out 6,000 dols. in less than 40 days." For some time the discoverers kept the discovery quiet, and the miners on the Quesnats were few. Their success becoming known caused " a rush," and now there are several hundreds on the river. The next most important mining discovery lately made on the Fraser is that the "flats" and " banks' which extend from the margin of the river inland are auriferous, and afford good fields for " hydraulic operations"—a great " interest" in the Californian mines. The gravel is operated on by water brought to bear on the face of a bank by a long hose and nozzle, which disintegrates the mass and rushes it into long sluices strewn with quicksilver, where the gold is caught. " The hydraulic" is a great labour saving machine, and for that reason very popular with the miners. The flats, banks, and benches which supply gold-bearing soil which can be thus operated on are extensive and looked upon as a certain indication that the auriferous area is vast to a degree hitherto unexpected.. Another proof of the great extent of the gold field is afforded by the discovery of gold on Bella Coola River, on the coast of British Columbia, some 330 miles north of Fraser River. This discovery has been made by a young English gentleman who had an appointment in the Governor's office here, and who took the' gold fever" in May last with a virulence which ended in his starting in a canoe on an exploring expedition. At last accounts he was preparing to penetrate into the interior as far as Chilcoaten, an Indian country, whose people are friendly to the Hudson's Bay Company, and where gold is reported to exist. Then there is Queen Charlotte's Island, some few hundred miles to the northward of this, which has become the rage with gold hunters. An exploring party started for the island some three weeks back, and now 100 experienced miners have got up an expedition to settle and mine thereon. The island is known to be auriferous. The Governor favours the expedition ; in fact, he can't help hiniself, for the miners will go, favour or frown as he may, and in this exigency a man of war goes up to show the natives that the miners are under Government pro tection. The good news from the Fraser River mines is corroborated by Mr. Begbie, the judge of British Columbia, who has just returned from his circuit in the interior. It is very gratifying to be able to state that Sir Edward B. Lytton has agreed to advance by way of loan £7,000 for the building of two light houses in the Straits of De Fuca, near Victoria, the erection of which will be forthwith proceeded with. The Governor has asked the House of Assembly to pro vide means for maintaining the lighthouses when erected, but the House has not yet had time to act in the matter. The want of lights was much felt, and a great impediment to the navigation of the Straits and to the entering the harbour of Esquimalt, which is low and unseen at a short distance seaward. Sir Edward could not have made a more useful appro priation. Much discontent is manifested both here and in British Columbia at the arrangement under which the public lands of both colonies are disposed of, and petitions have been presented and representa tions made to the Governer with the view of in ducing a change of system. As an illustration of the system in Vancouver's Island, I may state that a man who applies for farming land, and pays one-fourth part of the price down in cash—say, in May, June, or July, 1858, has the opportunity of selecting his farm on the 3d of August, 1859 ! This system, such as it is, is fairly and honestly worked, and answered very well when the only purchasers of land were the officers and servants of the Hudson's Bay Company, who were in no hurry to have the survey completed; and who. while they were waiting its completion, were enjoying their salaries and perquisites snugly in their own homes. A year or 15 months' delay did not mat ter to them. But just fancy the case of an immi grant—a stranger is a strange land, who had come out to settle himself quickly on a farm—perhaps with a wife and any number of children, having to wait 12 or 15 months after the period at which lie had paid his first instalment before he could get possession. A representation has gone home on the subject, and of course the system will, ex necessitate, be changed, so I need not expend any indignation upon a matter for which, as usual, " no one is to blame." ' • In British Columbia the plan adopted of waiting for the surveys before any land can be held for rais ing crops works:very badly also. The Royal Engineers, of whom the late Colonial Secretary expected so much, have as yet made no surveys nor done much work of any kind, although I am informed the men and their officers arc willing to make themselves useful. A few of them and some Marines are at present at work in improving the road of the Lillooett Valley, near Douglas—an ob ject of great utility if attained, as this is the best route into the interior. We are anxiously hoping that' the Government will soon make some postal arrangement for these two colonies. At present the arrival of our mails is a matter of uncertainty. For instance, the Eng lish steamer Forwood, which plies regularly between Victoria and San Francisco, arrived here two days ago without the English mail, although it was lying in the Post-office at San Francisco. The postmaster refused to deliver it to the captain of the Forwood because" he had promised it to one of the Pacific Mail Company's boats, to sail several days later. It has not yet arrived, and when it does we shall pro bably have but two hours to read our correspondence and answer our letters, if we don't submit to lose a post. A statement of your Paris correspondent in the Times of May 31, that some sailors had volun teered from merchant vessels at Marseilles for ser vice in her Majesty's navy, reminds me of a similar incident, but on a larger scale, on this coast. The other day 60 sailors left San Francisco by the steamer for Panama, on their way to England for the same patriotic object. They ar g ued that the bounty being £lO, was equal to 50 do ls., which was the fare to New York ; once there, they would work their Eassages for England, and be in time for " the war." The men of her Majesty's ships in port at this place are t lso most anxious to get home " to be in time for whatever may happen." Depend upon it the principles of the peace party are not popular with the non-electors. Her Majesty's ships Pylades, Tribune, and Satel lite are in port. The Plumper is surveying on the northern coast of Vancouver's Island. It is reported that the Admiral is on his way up from the south, and that as his own ship_ is going home to be changed into a screw, he will hoit, his flag on hoard the Tribune on his arrival. Everything is quiet and peaceful both here and in British Columbia —no rioting and very little crime among the miners, who, doing well, are on the whole tolerably well contented with their condition , The weather here is perfection —warm, with an occasional light sea breeze and a cloudless sky, during the day, and pleasantly cool at night. For this last month there has not been a moment's interruption of this most agreeable and salubrious state of the atmosphere. - Owing to the lateness of the spring, the crops are a little backward, but promise well. Now that the amenity of the climate is becoming known, and the productiveness of the soil of this island is being ascertained by the luxuriance of the growing crops and the gorgeousness of the vegetation, farming lands are coming into great demand. This demand may, likely enough, run into a mania for a time l for, as a general rule, all who come here like the place and desire to remain permanently. Even such poor fellows as came out expecting Government ap pointments, and who are disappointed in their expectations, like everything except their disap- - pointment. It may be well to state that this is an expensive place, in which the earnings of educated men not in actual trade can hardly support them, and that Government appointments are not to be had. The other day the Governor ordered the dis missal of all the civil staff in British Columbia for reasons of economy. This measure has thrown a good many out of employment ; but the grounds of their dismisial were imperative to enable the colony to support its own civil expenses without aid from England. Henceforward the military staff will perform the duties of the displaced officials. The Customs department was not interfered with, but all the others were weeded. Of course the measure renders the Governor, for the time, unpopular with a class ; but this does not much disturb his equani mity. • , It will do no harm to mention that the currency of the two colonies is carried on in American coin. The pound sterling passes for 5 dols., which gives it an advantage of about B d. over the legal value assigned to it by the United States Customs Law, so that immigrants will do well to brim.. their English coin along with them, instead of changing it before they leave, which will save them trouble, and result to their advantage in the exchange when ey get here. TUSCANY AND PIEDMONT. (Front the Times.) It is not often that one sees, or even reads, of a people entirely masters of themselves, orderly, and on the look-out for a Constitutional Sovereign. In settled times the idea of legitimacy gathers strength and takes a place among religious instincts and moral laws. Yet within the memory of living men the Swedes have looked about and presented their Crown to a foreign soldier, the Greeks and the Belgians have selected their Kings from numerous competitors, Portugal has crossed the ocean in search of a dynasty, France has several times exer cised the highest rights of a free people, and the Danubian Principalities have been compelled to choose for themselves. A Royal election, then, is not so strange or so irregular an act as it might seem after a few years of peace. There really is no reason why the Tuscans should not proceed on these examples, elect and proclaim their King, and if he be only willing to accept it, tender their homage and swear fealty. If the Tuscans were of the Teutonic race, if they only dwelt north of the Alps instead of south, they would do this as a matter of course. Yet this is exactly what is not done. Anywhere north of the Alps it would be thought absolutely impossible to take back at the bidding of a foreigner, a Sovereign who had been twice con demned to abdicate. We need not inquire into the circumstances which led our nation to commit the apparent inconsistency of crowning the son within sight of his father's scaffold. At all events we con sulted ourselves, and nobody else, in that matter, and for a hundred years afterwards we quarrelled with France on the very ground of her attempt to interfere with the sovereignty of the British people. We need claim no merit for this. It had, indeed, been infamy if so great a State as ours had taken a ruler on foreign dictation. But Belgium and Greece, and even Sweden, are not such mighty Powers. Yet no one would venture to thrust on them a King not of their choosing. Why, then, cannot the country of Dante and Tasso do what is done as a matter of course by any nation not Italian ? Can it rest with others than the Tuscans themselves ? The Roman poet tells us and they who have once submitted to be bound, and have feared death more than dishonour, will never fight again. Is that the condition of the Tuscans, even when, unexpectedly, they find their hands free ? But they have emancipated themselves. They have actually elected a King, and made him the solemn tender of their Crown. They have defied the utmost vengeance of Austria by first ousting her offset and minion, then rendering material assist ance to drive herself out of Italy, then laying them • selves at the feet of the man she most hates. What more could they do ? Their part is done ;it is the next actor that has faltered. Victor Emmanuel urged them to revolt by his emissaries, and com pelled them by his example. But, instead of accept ing the Tuscan Crown, he defers to the Emperors in Council, only promising all his influence in favour of Tuscany liberty. So also speaks the Emperor of the French. What means all this ? It is simply that Florence is disposed of at Zurich • and, as the Roman triumvirs made fight for their friends, or sacrificed them when necessary, so Napoleon M. may be_trusted to do all that he can for Tuscany, and no more. No doubt, he is desirous of peace — not, perhaps, peace at any price, but peace at the price of Tuscany would not be very dear. He will do his best for her. He has also, most probably, made the same promise to the young Prince whom he lately received in his Palace. What is best for one of these cannot be best for the other ; and, un fortunately, it happens that what is best for either of them is not best for himself. It cannot be dis guised that there are now three pretenders to the throne of Tuscany—the Austrian, the Sardinian, and the French. Were there only two parties in the question, if it were not soon settled, at least the truth would soon be out. As it is, there are many incidents which are unaccountable, except on the assumption that the Tuscans themselves have not much to do with the matter. Why could not Victor Emmanuel do what was so natural, and so agreeable to himself and the Tuscans P We are driven to the solution that he is considered to have received his fair share of the spoils, and that the two Emperors are agreed at least upon this, that. Victor Emmanuel shall not be the lion in the fable. Yet Tuscany contents herself with propos ing annexation to Sardinia, and then waits for the answer from Zurich. She is exerting herself to keep order admirably, and adopts actiye measures against agitators and extreme politicians. She has a fund of self-government which finds its chief vent in pro viding for government by strangers. Never did a people show so much self-command to be at the com mand of they know not whom. They are busy re pairing and gilding the crown which they are about to confer on the great unknown, and fostering the property which they must shortly resign to what ever heir the law may impose. What a comfort to ex pectants to know• that the estate is in good hands ; that there is no pilfering, no waste, no evil custom growing up, no speculative claim admitted ! A re ceiver has been appointed, the rents are collected, a good account can be given, and philanthropy itself will not be allowed to divert the growing inheri tance. It is natural that Tuscany should wish to be worth acceptance ; but, strange to say, the richer the gift the greater the difficulty in finding one worthy of it. There lies the golden apple, yet of the three rival goddesses not one will touch it. The favourite refuses, and the others are equally coy. There is no shepherd of Mount Ida to decide, and the candidates have to settle it between them —by what rule it is difficult to say. All that is cer tain at present is that the answer of Victor Emma nuel and the acquiescence of the Tuscan people establish the new basis of Italy. France and Aus tria are to be the Cresar and Pompey of modern Rome. They are to give her dynasties, constitu tions, laws, and, of course, too, a religion, as long as they agree. Should they fall out, what then ? Time only can show. But while Tuscany, with an organised force of 10,000, a reserve computed at 12,000, and various bodies of volunteers, is expecting an answer from Zurich or perhaps a new .bargain at another Villafranca ' the nobles and respectables of Cen tral Italy have hitherto been slowly waiting a solution of their affairs at the hand of a stranger or a populace. They, show but little of that fiery genius which was once flip soul of the world. After several months' opportunity, if not deliberation, Bologna has solemnly declared against the tem poral government of the Pope, and her own annexa tion to Piedmont. She will thus find herself in the same position as Tuscany, and will probably be bid to wait, with her, an edict from Ahrensburg, the place now mentioned for the next meeting of the two Emperors. No doubt, the cause of Italy will now be in very strong hands, and it has become safe to protest against everything less powerful than the master of ten armies. But do not the Italians see that Europe expects them to dispose of them selves ? If Italy cannot again be mistress of the world, she may at least be her own mistress, and express herself so strongly that strangers shall not dare to carve out her territory. At present she is only basking in a gleam of political sunshine, and indulging in dreams while she should be consolidat ing her independence. We admit that the mere' sensation of freedom is enjoyable, but, if it is to be enjoyed long, something . must be done for it. All we have seen hitherto is the torpor and the void usual in those who, having long felt a hard master, are suddenly relieved from the accustomed' pres sure. They volunteered, invested themselves in uniforms, were drilled and reviewed, till there came the news from Villafranca, and then they all dis persed as happy as schoolboys with an extra week's holiday. Could they but read the signs of the times, they would see that it is not convenient to great potentates that small States should do as they please and choose their own lords. So high a privilege may be claimed by arms, but it will not be conceded to weakness and inaction. If a strong man arms himself, he may keep the house; in this case there are stronger men, and though the latter give them the most flattering assurances, it must be should considered u that id no itnot i sthe complicatei their interest to do so. It is, wever, the interest of France, as of Austria, that affairs b y p retendin g a will of her own her cause to .Sh e i s a client who has committed the counsel, and must listen in silence. The mental condition of Italy is described to be "an almos i t b t t il is all ous calmness, though we are told hopefully, I Italians that justice n the surface, and re sts on the confidence of the Hence everybody is eager the se a t, not o f war , b ut o f judgment. The bundle of s ti c k s f w o i r ll in b t e e d ll o ig n e e n t intelligence t f h r e o m m ." that was to be bound into a strong eonfederation may now be woven , pliant as osiers , into any form which Im perial policy both Emperors may desire. Already find they may do better than abide by the very =_— .POLICE IN2'ELLIGENC.E.—Sept. 8. GUILDHALL.—CharIes Wellbeloved, described as a " betting man," residing at 2, Luton-street, Edgware-road, was brought up before Sir H. Mug geridge, charged with obstructing the thorough fare in Poppin's-court, Fleet-street, under the fol- owing circumstances : Mr. Charles Pearson, the City solicitor, attended to watch the case for the prosecution; and Mr. Sleigh conducted the>defence. This case was brought before Mr. Alderman Cubitt a few days ago, when the defendant asked for a remand, in order that he might have the assistance of counsel to contest the right of the police to interfere with the betting fraternity in the public thoroughfares. Luke Moseley, 588, said—About half-past one on the 2d of September, I saw the defendant and seven other persons obstructing the thoroughfare in Poppin's-court, Fleet-street, and knowing them to be all betting men I requested them to go away. They all left except the defendant, who said to one of them, " Oh, never mind, don't fear him, we are not doing any harm." At the station he refused his name and address. 1 have seen him several times with others round Poppin's-court, where these men congregate to make their bets. Mr. Sleigh—The fact of his being seen at other places at different times cannot be evidence in this case. Mr. Pearson—But it may go to show his inten• tion in being there. Mr. Sleigh—l should like to know the precise charge against the defendant. Mr. Martin (the chief .clerk) —The charge is for unlawfully resisting the constable in the execution of his duty, and that is founded on the 18th and 19th sections of the Police Act. The 18th section enacts " That it shall be lawful for any man belonging to the said police force to take into custody,. without warrant, all loose, idle, and dis orderly persons whom he shall find disturbing the public peace, or whom he shall have good cause to suspect of having committed, or intending to com mit any felony, misdemeanour, or breach of the peace," &c. ; and the 19th section enacts " That if any man shall assault or resist any man belonging to the said police force in the execution of his duty, or shall aid or excite any person so to assault or resist such man belonging to the said police force, every such offender convicted thereof before any justice of the said city shall, for every such offence, forfeit and pay such sum, not exceeding 15, as the said justice shall think meet, or, in the discretion of the justice before whom he shall be convicted, may be irf prisoned for any term not exceeding the space of one calendar month." Under the 18th section the policeman suspected the defendant was about to commit a common nuisance, which is an offence at common law, and in the execution of his duty he endeavoured to prevent it, in which he was resisted by the defendant. Police-constable 588, cross-examined, said—l was on duty expressly for the purpose of suppressing the nuisance arising from the congregation of these betting men at that spot. I considered the defen dant had been guilty of an offence in breaking the rules for keeping the thoroughfares from being ob structed. He was talking to a lot of betting men, and so blocked up the way that passengers would have found a difficulty in getting past. The defendant. when left alone, stood with his back against the wall, and his feet on the kerb, so that he occupied the whole of the pavement He told me he was a respectable man, and as he was not doing any harm he had a right to stand there, He did not strike me, nor attempt to do so. 1 suspected he would com mit a breach of the peace, because he was obstruct ing the pavement, and a disturbance might have occurred if any person had attempted to pass ; for these betting men, if asked to allow persons to pass, generally insult them. Ido not suppose he would wantonly have assaulted or insulted any one. Sir H. Muggeridge—To whom did you speak first when you saw the seven persons standing in Poppin's-court ? Offices-1 spoke to the whole lot at once, but the only advised one of them not to go. Sir H. Muggeridge—Did you believe that the obstruction of the thoroughfare would provoke a breach of the peace ? Officer—l did, sir. • B. e - ex amined—There were several persons ob structed by these betting men on this occasion, and they passed with great difficulty, like squeezing through a crowd. That was before I warned them to go away. I have not any one here who was ob structed, but there are several inhabitants of the neighbourhood here who have complained of the nuisance. Mr. Sleigh said, this is a matter, sir, of very con siderable importance, inasmuch as it is a serious interference with the liberty of the subject, and I am glad that the City Solicitor is present, for he will, I am sure, advise you that the police, who are a very useful body of men, and perform their duties in an irreproachable manner generally, have, in this instance, acted most improperly. I have yet to learn upon what authority a constable exercises the right to take into custody a respectable gentle man for no offence known to the English laws, and if such an interference be sanctioned. it will only be getting the thin end of the wedge in which would hereafter be found to have a most mis• cbievous effect, as regards the liberty of the sub ject. A great prejudice had been thrown over this case by describing the defendant as a bet ting man ; but, supposing he is a betting man, it is no more an offence than are th transactions on the Stock Exchange, the Corn Exchange, and many places I could name. It is till gambling, arid why should my client be con victed for making a bet any more than a stock-job ber for buying Consols on the Stock Exchange. The infringement, if any, of the law was the same in both cases. By the 19th section the officer is authorised to take any one into custody for resist ing him in the execution of his duty ; but what is his justification under the 18eth section ? Why, that he must have good cause to suspect a breach of the peace was about to be committed. Now, does the evidence disclose that he had good cause for such suspicion ? Certainly not, and having arrived at that conclusion, as I feel' you must, you will find that the resistance was not made while the officer was in the execution of his duty, and that he was, therefore, not justified in taking the defendant into custody. The defendant merely asserted his right to strand in her Majesty's public highway, and it was no part of the policeman's duty to interfere. I have, however, a stronger point, which must put an end to this charge at once. By the general con strUctien of the English law, the first term used in any act must govern the rest, so that the terms in the section in question, " assault or resist" evidently was intended to mean a personal resistance other than that described by the officer. Sir H. Alugieridge said—l have given great at tention to the cese, and am satisfied that this is not one in which I can convict ; but, at the same time, let me inform you, defendant, that you are a fortu nate man, as the officer warned the others away before he charged you with this.offenee. I would, however, recommend you to consider the sections of the Police Act more carefully, and to remember that, if the nuisance is continued to the obstruction of the thoroughfares the police will prosecute all such cff: nders to conviction. The charge was then dismissed. BOW STREET.—Edward Thomas Isaacson, who d been remanded on bail, on charges of conspiracy to obtain goods by false pretences from Messrs. Shoolbred and Co. of Tottenham cotrt-road, drapers, &c., and from Messrs. Osler and Co., of Oxford-street, chandelier-makers, appeared before Mr. Henry in discharge of his recogmsances. The prosecution, as on the former occasion, was TTIEIS.r.TN,, LONDON_ FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 9. 1850. conducted. by Mr. Sleigh, and the defendant was also represented by counsel—Mr. C. Robertson Griffiths. _ . Mr. Sleigh said he would now complete the case as regarded the charge preferred by Messrs. Osler. Mr. Mure, her 31ajesty's Consul at New Orleans, deposed that in June of this year he was divorced from his then wife, the lady spoken of as Mrs. Mure, on the ground of her adultery with the Hon. George Augustus Chichester, the co-respondent in that suit. Mr. Griffiths objected to this evidence. Mr. Sleigh said that Mr. Chichester was a co-de fendant in the present case, and would be charged with the defendant if he could be taken. Mr. Henry decided on admitting the evidence. Mr. Mure further deposed that he had not resided with-his late wife (whose maiden name was Lucy Virginia Ellen Oliver) since Nov., 1857. Did not know defendant, and had never authorised him to buy goods in his name. The letters produced were in her handwriting. Inspector Pether found the letters in question in defendant's pocketbook. The letters were read. They were addressed to the defendant, and contained instructions as to the mode of forwarding goods, for which she had en closed orders. They also alluded to a person spoken of as " George," first as residing with her in the Chaussr-e d'An tin, and afterwards as being expected to return from Chantilly, his absence being the reason for a delay in writing to defendant. Thomas Carter, a porter at Messrs.Osler's deposed that he packed up the chandelier, &c., mentioned at the last examination, and booked it at a shipping office in the Regent-circus, Piccadilly. It was ad dressed to " L. V. E. Mure, Esq., 45, Rue de la Ma deleine, Piaris." Mr. Sleigh applied for a committal in this case, and for a remand in that in which Messrs. Shool bred and Co. were prosecutors. Mr. Griffiths would prefer that both cases should be completed before he addressed the Court. Mr. Henry thought this would be the better course. Mr. Sleigh would in that case endeavour to com plete both. Inspector Whicher \\as then examined as to a conversation he had with the defendant on the 12th of March. He asked defendant what he had done with the goods supplied by Messrs. Shoolbred. He said he had sent the silks to Mrs. Mure, at Paris, and had given up the carpets and damask to a man named Morgan, who called for them. He did not know who Morgan was, or where he lived. Wit ness asked why he gave up the goods to a stranger. He rep)ied, " Because I had a written authority from Mrs. Mure to do so." Mr. Morris Newton, solicitor, deposed that he was acquainted with the family of Miss Oliver, at one time Mrs. Mure, and had seen her in Novem ber at Paris. He had also seen her and Mr. Chi chester at Dieppe. Mr. Sleigh—Were they living together as man and wife ? Witness—l don't know. Mr. Griffiths—Are you aware that they are now husband and wife ? Witness—l am not aware. The former evidence was read over, and at the request of Mr. Griffiths, the books of Messrs. Shoolbred wei e produced and examined. Mr. Sleigh then applied for the committal of the prisoner on both charges. Mr. Griffiths, however, required time to produce evidence, which he said would enable defendant to give an abundant answer to every imputation against him. The case was ultimately adjourned, the prisoner's bail being extended. THE EDINBURGH ANNUITY-TAX. On Wednesday Duncan Falconer, the sheriff officer selected by the established clergy, having received warrants to execute against certain of the citizens, proceeded to put them in force. The first victim was Mr. Fairbairn, of the St. Andrew's Hotel, St. Andrew's-street, whom they at once com mitted to the Calton Gaol. The officer and his assistants then proceeded to the shop of Mr. Brown, fruiterer, South Hanover-street. They found him behind his counter, and preferred the clergy's claim to about £l4 of arrears. He stated that he had the strongest conscientious objections to the tax, and was prepared to go to gaol rather than pay. They then made him their prisoner, and proceeding on foot along Prince's-street and Waterloo-place, they committed him into the custody of the gaoler. Mr. Brown is an elder of the United Presbyterian Church that assembles in Lothian-road, under the ministry of the 'Rev. William Reid; he is in very delicate health, and has been under the necessity, on account of a pulmonary affection, and from large boils having broken out on his back, to wear heavy mufflers round his throat even when in buSiness. The next visit of the officers was to Mr. Hunter, of Hunter and Glover ? confectioners, North St. An drew's-street. It was between three and four o'clock in the afternoon. Mr. Hunter was also behind his counter, engaged in serving his customers. They demanded the amount of the impost. He told them he owed them nothing, and would pay them no thing. Mr. Falconer then claimed him as his pri soner, and ordered him to come away with him. He replied that he would offer no active resistance, but neither would he willingly move a step. If they wizshed to take him to gaol, they must carry him there. Mr. Falconer then ordered two of his assistants to go round the counter and drag him out. This they could not do, and Mr. Fal coner and another assistant seized him by the neck, while • the others carried him by the feet. In this way he was dragged from behind his counter, down the steps, and across the pavement to a cab, into whieh they attempted to force him. He was thrown back on the floor of the cab. Mr. Falconer and an assistant went into it, and endeavoured to drag him on to the seat. They got a strong leather belt, with which they endeavoured to fasten him. Mr. Falconer pulled out his manacles, fixed them upon one of his wrists, and endeavoured to force the other hand into the dis graceful machine. The passive attitude of Mr. Hunter lying in the bottom of the coach, however, rendered this difficult. While this effort to hand cuff their prisoner was proceeding, two of the assistants and a policeman were trying to force his legs into the coach, and one went round to the other side, opened the door, and endeavoured to draw Mr. Hunter further into the coach. By this time a large concourse of people had assembled, and, hlaring that it was an arrest for Annuity-tax, gave vent to their feelings by cries of execration. They saw the prisoner lying pale and haggard, his eyes staring, his hair dishevelled, his neckerchief and shirt torn, and his clothes all in disarray. A cry of deep hatred arose. " Down with the An nuity-tax!" " What a disgrace to Christianity !" "To -- with the Ministerg !" and a rush was made to the cab. The concurrent, who was trying by the opposite door to drag Mr. Hunter, was for cibly seized and turned away. Mr. Falconer and his men were hustled, and their hats knocked off and thrown into the air. One of them, a short stout man, dressed in a grey tweed coat, unclasped n. knife, and rushed furiously upon the crowd. One lad narrowly escaped having his cheek ripped open. Again the crowd closed upon the officers, but again did the fear of the open knife make them stand tack. The strongest determination was, however, shown that the prisoner should not be taken. While this riot was proceeding, Mr. Hun ter had been allowed to rise, and was now standing at the side of the cab. Mr. Falconer then declared that he was hindered from executing his warrant, and witEdrew his men. Mr. Hunter walked quietly into his shop amidst the cheers of the people, the handcuffs dangling from his wrists. The. officers proceeded along St. Andrew's-square, pur sued by a crowd, hissing and groaning at them. It is said that the knife was again brought into re quisition to keep off the crowd, and when they reached:South St. Andrew-street's they were com pelled to break into a run. While lying in the coach Mr. Hunter was told by one of the assistants, in the midst of a volley of oaths, that " if he had him in a quiet corner he would make him rue this." Mr. Hunter is also a member of the Lothian-road con gregation. While the riot was at its height Dr. Grant, one of the city ministers, passed by the crowd, and seemed heartily ashamed of the proceed ing, although in 1851 he, by his evidence in the House of Commons, did everything in his power to defeat the efforts of the united citizens to remove this crying evil from the city. The Rev. Dr. A. Thomson also happened to be pres mt.—Scotsman. RECRUITING FOR THE ARMY.—A letter from Driiield, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, says :—" Now that the harvest is over there seems a mania among farm servants for entering the army, and the recruiting sergeants are continually taking off batches of fine healthy young fellows to the different regiments. One sergeant who has been here fir the last nine months has been sending away the finest of the agricultural labourers at the rate of four a- week." [ADVERTISENIENT.]—EPPS's (Homceopathid Chemist) COCOA.—This esteemed preparation is sold by the prin cipal grocers at Is. 6d. per lb., in lib., ;lb., and packers. Each packet is labelled " James Epps, Homoeo pathic chemist, London." vDVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Pills the most effectual remedy for Bowel Complaints and Disorders of the Stomach. —At this season of the year, when these complaints are so pi•evalent, there is no better remedy than Holloway's Pills, whether as a preventive or cure. When taken in moderate doses, and strict attention paid to diet, the worst cases will be relieved. The strengthening properties of these pills re store the impaired tone of the stomach and cleanse the liver. Nothing so good has been discovered for the cure of persons suffering from a long residence in hot climates, and they sur pass every other medicine for general family use. They have the happiest effect on the stomach and secretions, promoting digestion and gently stimulating the torpid bowels. IRE A MAN. All the while this serio-comic conversation was going on, a workman in the coolest possible manner was working away at a most delicate little leg that would not have come off second best in the Judg- went of Paris—a faultless Balmoral boot, and the daintiest silk stocking covered proportions that Madame Vestris 'may have envied. • " These," said my companion, " are some of our first-class goods. Would you like to see the me chanism ? Goodge, pull down the stocking. With that' the workman bared the limb, whilst my com- panion put it through its paces. "This, you see, in our patent knee-cap and patella, and this the new vulcanised india-rubber tendon Achilles ; here, in the instep, you will observe a spiral spring ele vating the toes, and if you will just observe (open ing a little trap-door in the back of the calf), here is an ingenious contrivance by which the bending of the knee elevates the front part of the foot, thus allowing it full play to swing forward clear of the ground. Certainly it was an admirable contrivance. " And can a man or woman progress easily with that arrangement ?" I said. " Do you know Lady ?" said he. " Yes." • " Nothing the matter there ?" he rejoined inter rogatively. I was obliged to confess, not to my knowledge. " That's her spare leg, nevertheless," he replied triumphantly. " Spare leg ! What do you mean ?" • " Lord bless you! look into that cupboard. I have the spare members of half the town there duly labelled. Things will go wrong with the best con ducted limbs ; and to save difficulties we keep dup licates here which can be applied at the shortest notice. A gentlemari,whom we will call Mr. Smith, once lost the pin out of his knee-joint, and sent here for his off-leg. A young lad up from the country sent him another Mr. Smith's box containing an arm—very awkward." " Will you allow me ?" said I, trying to read the names on the boxes. " Certainly not," said he, Omitting the door and turning the key : "This is our Blue Beard's cup board, and I wouldn't allow even my wife to peep. But come and look at our hands." There they were—some clenched, some spread out, some in the act of holding, some gloved, and dis played like Vandykes, as if to challenge attention. " Now, what will they do ?" said I, almost doubt ful whether the clenched fist wouldn't strike. " Do anything," said he : "By means of the hook inserted in the palm, it can lift, or hold the reins, almost as well as the natural member. Ob serve the beautiful operatiml of the spring thumb imitating the grand_ privilege of man and monkey, by means of which. it can grasp a fork, or lightly finger a toothpick." "Do you supply fingers and such small deer ?" I inquired. " Fingers, toes, noses, lips,—we take them as they come. A gentleman with but one finger on his left hand came to us the other day, and asked to have the complement made up. We fitted on the rest, and attached them by means of a signet ring to the remaining finger—movement perfect ; you should see him pass his fingers through his hair — natural as life. The hand is a v - rondf rful thing— that beats me—legs are mere A B C, but the hand! —Here," said he, recovering , from his momentary admiration of nature, "here is a drawing of a pretty thing. A Hudson's Bay trapper had his hand bitten off by a bear, and came to us to re place it. " ' Do you want something really useful ?' said I. " Yes said he. " So I made him this dagger, fitting into his arm stump socket. He sleeps in his dagger. and finds it particularly handy when there are -bears about. Look at the action of this spring and rachet-elbow ; you have only to touch the little button in the elbow, and the fore-arm closes as natural as life. Who would wear an empty sleeve when a member like this can be obtained ? We always recommend our arm and hand patients to wear a cloak neatly folded over it, as it prevents any attempt at hand shaking. We don't warrant the shake—the touch .sn't quite natural."—Once a Week. THE COCKER SPANIEL A TIGER HUNTER. It is a courageous little creature, retaining its dashing boldness even when imported into the enervating Indian climate, which destroys the spirit of most dogs, and even reduces the stubborn bull-dog to a mere poltroon. Captain Williamson, in his book of " Oriental Field Sports," records an instance of rash courage on the part of one of 'these little dogs. " I was shooting near some underwood, rather thinly scattered among reedy grass, growing on the edges of a large water-course, which took its rise near the foot of , the large hill at Muckun Gunge, when suddely one of a brace of fine cocking spaniels I had with me ran round a large bush greatly agitated, and apparently on some game which I expected to put up. I followed as fast as I could ; but Paris, which was the dog's name, was too quick for me, and before I could well get round the bush, which was aboutten yards from the brink of the ravine, had come to a stand, his ears pricked, -his tail wagging like lightning, and his whole frame in a seeming state of ecstasy. I expected that he had got a hare under the bank, and, as the situation was in favour of a shot, I ran towards him with more speed than I should have done had I known that instead of a hare, I should find, as I did, a tiger sitting on its rump, and staring Paris in the face. They were not above two yards asunder. 'As soon as the dog found me at his side, he barked, and giving a spring down dashed at the tiger. What happened for some moments I really cannot say ; the surprise and danger which sud denly affected me banished at once that presence of mind which many boast to possess on all emer gencies. I frankly confess that my senses were clouded, and that the tiger might have devoured me without my knolwing a word of the matter. However, as soon as my fright had subsided I began, like a person waking from a dream, to look about, and saw the tiger cantering away at about a hundred and fifty yards' distance, with his tail erect, and followed by Paris, who kept barking ; hilt when the tiger arrived at a thick cover, he dis appeared. I had begun in my mind to compose a requiem for my poor dog, as I saw him chasing the' tiger, which I expected every moment would turn about and let Paris knoiv that he had caught a Tartar. Though Paris had certainly brought me ' to the gate of destruction, yet he as certainly saved me. I felt myself indebted to him for preserva tion, and consequently was not a little pleased to see him return safe."—Routledge's Illustrated Natural History, by the Rev. .1. G. Wood. TRACKING• POWERS OF THE BLOOD HOUND. The magnificent animal which is termed the bloodhound, on account of its peculiar facility for tracking a wounded animal through all the mazes of its devious course, is very scarce in England, as there is but little' need of these dogs for its chief employment. In the " good old times" this animal was largely used by thief-takers, for the purpose of tracking and securing the robbers who in those days made the country unsafe, and laid the roads under a black mail. Sheep-stealers, who were much more common when the offence was visited with capital punishment, were fre quently detected by the delicate nose of the olood hound, which would, when once laid on the scent, follow it up with unerring precision, unravelling the single trail from among a hundred crossing footsteps, and only to be , baffled by water or blood. Water holds no scent, and if the hunted man is able to take a long leap into the,water, and get out again in some similar fashion, he may set at defiance the bloodhound's nose: if blood be spilt upon the track, the delicate olfactories of the animal• are blunted, and it is no longer able to follow the comparatively weak scent which is left by the retreating footsteps. Both these methods have been successfully em ployed, but in either case great caution is needed. When the hound suspects that the quarry has taken to the water, it swims backward and forward, test ing every inch of the bank on both sides, and apply ing, its nose to every leaf, stick, or frothy scum that' comes floating by. In this country the bloodhound is chiefly employed in deer-shooting, aiding t h e sportsman by singling out some animal, and keep ing it ever before him, and by driving it tuancietrytafionr directions, giving to its master .11n a gretly a shot from his rifle. Should the dee°roPffnPo°atrtfuall to t the shot, but be only wounded, it dashes here displays his qualities. increased pace, followed by the blogodhniodherdld,hwyh'tihche mal, the hound has an easy. t blood-drops that stud the pathßoeisfnkthiegn vy k o e u e n p d in e g d ani mal, up with his prey at trail, and by dint of persev.ersitn:eTxheerthiolonodishosuurned to come and, therefore, a ra -I:eer'meddled with by any generally irascible in te t m o ther dangerous animal r. So fierce is its desire for one excepting its o wne r. it excited when it reaches blood, and so utter ly often keep its master at bay and receive his overtures with approaches, i w ts h e p n re h e y ations of an doge tht be will such unmistakeable ou c h h. that it N-1 until haws atisfied I c i lrcage of the animal which it itsno not appetiteventu re o t n o app the has brought to the ground. When fairly on the track of the deer the bloodhound utters a peculiar, g loud, an d deep bay, which, if once heard, will lon, neve r be forgotten.,, —.Routledge's Illustrated Natu ral History, by the Rev. J. G. Wood. iNSTIT UT- "ON OF MB 'NGL TE.RS. ..--- The annual gathaing of the institution of Mechanical Engineers, an association formed in the year 1847, was held at Leeds on Tuesday and ye 4' terday. The proceedings commenced on Tuesday morning, when the members met together in the Civil Court, at the Town-hall, and were read and discussed. Mr. John Penn , 01 Lewisham, Kent, the president of the associat on! occupied the chair, and-the attendance in various papers, several eminent engineers from various parts of the kingdom. The following is a list of the papers read :—" On File-cutting Machinery," byy Mr. Theg . ; - Greenwood, of Leeds ; ' " On the Enyan" Durability of some classes of Steam-boilers, by Mr. R. 8.. Longridge of Manchester; tion of a Direct Acting Steam Crane," by Mr. gobt._ Morrison, of Newcastle-on -Tyne; " of a New Pressure Gauge," by Mr. Descriptionla of Perth ; and " Description of Haste's Safety. Valve for Steam Boilers," by Mr. W. N a ylor, 0 ! London. The members afterwards visited or, 0! " Descrip of the principal manufactories of the town, inclu.d ing the flax-mill of Messrs. Marshall and Co. In the evening a converzasione took place in the Vie' toria-hall. Among the m ost interesting. e xhibited were Hattersley's t yp e- object s chine, a very curious and ingenious' invention; gr atmospheric clock ; deollection of photographs, la eluding views of the birth-place of the late Georg? Stephenson, and some of the early engines whit! composing Pia" he constructed • and a collection of miscroscopicai objects. Distributed in various parts of the hal l there were also several models and drawings illu. tra.tive of recent improvements in steam engine,g' boilers, machinery, and tools, together witichlin: sophical apparatus and specimens of mechanicalaa generally. Yesterday morning the read in g f 1 papers was resumed in the Civil Court. The l i ; lowing is a list of the communications :--" (341 1 - t i , Application of Super-heated Steam in Marin e '''",; sines," by the president; " Description of File. r , i , Apparatus for Supplying Locomotive Tenders vai.. Water," by Mr. James Fenton, of Low M00r,13,ra," ford ; " On the Construction of Steam Boilers:, 01 Mr. Benjamin Goodfellow, of Manchester ; Improved Break Power for Stopping ~Way Trains," by Mr. Alexander Allan, of Perth; " hp •L'i l scription of a Steam Crane," by Mr. J. Ca nll3 „7 l , Evans, of London ; and " Description of the Pn' - '; ing Engines at Arthington Waterworks, near Leeds," by Mr. Filliter, the Leeds borough 611 .: veyor. The members of the society proceeded bi; the afternoon to Arthington to view thew atervratto which belong to the Leeds corporation, and in h evening they dined together at the Scarborougr Hotel. To-day (Thursday) there will be an 0014 sion to Low Moor ironworks, and to Saltaire, 'II establishment of Mr. Titus Salt, M.P. , wh ic ,u lli tlie t E e i r l : i i n n e a e t r e s t . he proceedings in connection w it " • al annual meeting of the Institution of Mechanic ..... 0 ,mm•••••••=r0w1..............11•111..... ---•—•-...' I COUNTRY MARX.E: MANCHESTER .SETT. 7. d at 3d t : •A. languid market. French wheat w as 0-ere 01-1 4d per 701bs, and new English declined i s Peragowly, fresh samples , brought previous r ates. Flour 4ID! lower, and prices mfavour of buyers. Oats ld per " co"' ore a nd oatmeal rather cheaper. Beans and Indian without alteration. BIRIVIINGHAM—SEPT. 7. sou There was about an average show of wheat to-daft i.. hos the attendance was moderate. A trifling amoun tot _sod, ness doing at rather more money. Barley iu and maintaining quotations. Beans and oats cheaper. Pe more inquired for. fair dew -”..0 NEWARK—sErr. 7. ing, ruja The market was very we ll attended this In° lll • -.4 1° both new and old wheat i n tolerable request, a faros under the prices of this day se'nnig ht. The 911PrJ good of all descriptions of corn. ,i — ,,. , 28s t °99 White wheat, new, 45s to 46s Barley, grinug" . 28° to 96 oii Red do. 4os to 44 s Oats , of ~• ...... 2 43 to • Old white 4ss to 48s New do .......... 4 8 1 to 94 Red do.. 40s to 44s I Beans.. ..... . "'..._,* to . Barley, malting—. 33s to 43s I B ean s, new ..... EPT. 7. In wheat to-day prices ßOSTON wereSunaltered for fine 89 e ' c l Yi P „ i e r d d orate , of both old and new, but low and damp qu alities is per qr, with a dull market. Supply very n w Little Oats a large delivery, and dbout is 6d cheaper. doing in barley, beans, and peas, at former prices* to 4. 2 3 . g Wh ea t 43s to 458 Oats.. .......... 18 to 49 ' White do ..4 5 s to 47 s Beans ........ . •46 ----9 3 to ' 3 Barley 27s to 30s Ditto , old ... •••• • New wheat, 36s to 445. LOUTH—SEPT. 7. A very small amount of business was done to day, a re a ° prices were at no advance on last week, vi%•7 °hea r ;olio and mixed, old and new, 39s to 458 per. qr. In °the ...., beau. , nothing of consequence doing. Oats, 21s to 24s ; 43s to 465. EDINBURGH GRAIN—SEPT. 7. Sales were ready to-day. Wheat on the top Os 6 d down average Os 5d d° ll ‘ Barley on the top is Od up average Os 9d UP' Oats on tho top is Od down average Os ld uP• Beans on the top 2 s Od up .. average Os 7d Ill i • Averages per Imperial quarter. Wheat.... New f Barley 1 14 7 8-12ths Oats 1 5 10 5- 12 th s Beans Total Supply and Sales. Wheat 7 797 qrs Sold 621 qrs Barley 2lOl qrs Sold 196 3 qrs Oats 921 qrs Sold -,_ 899 qrs B eans B3 qrs Sold 49 qrs CORK—SHPT. 7. Ra n The following were the quotations this morning l e y 10 wheat, 18s Od to 20s 61; white, 17s Od to 23s 0d; ba r Od to 15s 64; oats, 9s Od to lls Od. DERBY SMITHFIELD—SEPT. 6.. ~ a vet The supply of fat stock to-day was good, w' T ed , a nd full attendance of buyers ; high prices were , 0 • . „, - ' 1 ,, i4 viel a clearance was readily effected. Sheep end 1 7f obj e- t in very large supply, at fully late rates, most, of fa were disposed of. Fat calves were not so plat ° pigs numerous, and well sold. 8 1 ol d to a i Beef Mutton ... Lamb .. ?id to --d Rough fat, 5s 3d P er Hides, 3id to &id ; calf skins, 6d to 61,d•' ite AN EMPRESS AND HER HOTEL BILLS f N ice, Empress Dowager of Russia," says the of ~„° r fr° o l " will arrive at this place in the beginning of Octouv nro vao Interlaken, where she is at present. Her Majesty °t ;101° that, however rich sovereigns may be, they ads o, bete ' dispose 4 to submit to the extortionate deman 0. le t io keeper t: When her Majesty passed through 13 1 1 00 1 years ago, the landlord of one of the hotels there a h single er iv aj e n s i t g y h night. was The coming w worthy t t h o c P r t 17,000 f. for accommodating the Empress and her suite c t.b.; on learnin.:Bo.o ysw i nli k itzeerl 6 aPteld r , visit, but the Empress, on leaving St. Petersburg, au ' be go defensive strategy, by engaging several cooks, ,inteta ° expected l oote d a for: and prepareher repasts in the towns where s h e sAjes; to stop. This year, on passing through Basle, ' b er A s era ty's dinner was in one of the railway refreshment " prepared as usual beforehan an d rooms. , A . orro of [ADVERTISEMENT] .—The di ffi culties *nu “- „ a droit bringing up infants by hand or wet nurses have heejl e - a , Foow overcome by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta 11 Ara r ale P_ A si g li : which feeds, strengthens, and removes all the 1 0110u — and irregularities infants are so subject to. Thesteyeesgel letter speaks volumes :—" Grammar School, __woo° 16th Dec., 1850. Gentlemen, ---I think it but , 7 1tev s. justice to you to state that I have used Du Ba!rY time our R ein lenta for the last four months, during valich ._,, it h fent has never had disordered bowels, from wn,lZ t b e ief suffered much during the previous six months, .77r . osc i , J. nursed, though every care was taken to preve u l ou ld has ° known of your , valuable food sooner, it m lie heal saved my infant much pain, and me also t . .4 . .. ‘ , ll . P OBERT A. BL:=4., expense of a wet nurse.—l am, Bre, '1 b. 12s.' ik in tins, at is. 6d. ; 11b., 3s. ; 21b., se• 9 ; 51 265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, (tTstrreetl, Lonoo,. eel office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regeu din , Abbig, Oxford' Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 152, Figa and ,iso, te' Gmcechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 001 a 60 Bishorga •49 ax , ' at üblint street; 330 and 451, Stra n° ' _road. Also d Co. receipt e ' f Pf e r street ; 85, Tottenliam-e° h, R a ieles an Co . , Bewley and Drape r ; at Edin burg at Soutn 11 rd, and O' . ; Scott ; at York, Rairaes, Blanc a anwton, Randall and Son. at Liverpool, Nixon and Thew ; at Nianshester, SharP al: B IRTHS. ADDIS South O Ni i ; n o sl l i n g t t h o e n , 7tthhe w i n i l e t ~0 f a c t .3G9,. A A d lf d r i e s d o - n P , l3 .E c s e :, t e )f st o ' son. AA Wife .dCre WellS, .-- DEACON.—On the 6th inst., at Tunbrt ~ - of John Deacon , Es q ., of a son. e wi f e of GREVILLE.—On the 6th inst., at Soutlisea, th Major Southw ell Greville, of a daughter. Iv o JONES. --021 the sth inst. , a t 1, Craven-hill-gardetts, park, the wife of Thomas Jones, Esq., of a son. MARRIAGE S. dono r ' G nts ox—Cnisn oLm.—On the 6th inst., at the Cale t, Ch ur ch, Holloway , Robert Gibson, of the Bank of t.!,john° l an d, Glasgow , to Eliza p e g bie, eldest daughter of Chisholm, of Mark-lane and Holloway. std . ' RAYSON—TROUGHTON—On the 7th inst , at St. Pu n- ‘ ,OO in the East, Robert Clarke, son of the fate Robt. 1 1 , 1 "" 11: Esq., of Stockton-on-Tees, to Caroline Patience, (da ter of Ellis John Troughton, Esq., of 6 ) Folirke's-P Co: i r fe. On the sth D i : - ings, Tower-street. n E st. A t I T .n. Kell i* of Colonel Morse Cooper, formerly of the Hussars. HD:v.onsbire.place, iltb ~,-, a of KERB • On the 6th inst., suddenly, Charles Kerr, P°'' Hundalee Cottage, Jedburgh, aged 72. No v ia - Rms.—On the 7th inst.. at Ashurst Lodge, Sun _, a dale, Sir William Norris, late Recorder of Penang/ "" • I ERRY.—On the 7th inst., at 8, St. James'sroad, 11°11°' way, Sampson Henry Perry, Esq., aged 46. he i i. POWELL.—On the 6th inst., at Fosters, }Tendon, Jo a /, Powell, Esq., of 9, New-square, Lincoln's inn, a u George-street, Hanover-square. ..Tensingtoll! ScovELL.—On the sth inst., at Vale-place, Kenning G. Scovell, aged 79. of WELLS.— On the 3d inst suddenly, John Wells, ESCO .9 Aspenden, Herts, aged 51. ___------- „ cf/ 40 t LONDON : Printed and Published by 10113,1)0 Irr 11 2, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, CO" Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy. is the laid M iddlesex, Friday, Septe,mber 9, 1859. ..:...-~-r +ds