The Sun. — London, England, 1860-03-29 00:00:00

THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buokstone. THIS EVENING, will be performed THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. C. Mathews, Buckstone, Compton, Chip pendale, Mrs. C. Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins. After which, THE MARRIED RAKE. To conclude with THE BOARDING SCHOOL. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM.- Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame Celeste. Last Week of the present season. THIS EVENING (sth time) the new Comedietta, entitled "117, ARUNDEL-STREET, STRAND." Principal charac ters by Mr. Walter Lacy, Mr. .1. Rouse, Miss Kate Saville, Mrs. Campbell, and Mrs. Keeley. After which, will be performed the new drama, entitled THE ABBE VAUDREUIL ; or, The Court of Louis XV. The Abbe Vaudreuil, Madame Celeste • Louis XV., MI. H. ent Butler; Lieut. Henri Delco ur, Mr. F. Villiers. Followed br Callcott's Magnific T rans formation Scene from "KING THRUSTIBEARD:' To conclude with THE SERGEANT'S WIFE. Lisette, Madame Celeste ; Margot, Mrs. Keeley. Commence at 7. Saturday March 31, (Last night of the season), the admired drama of MARIE DUCANGE, with other Entertainments, for the Benefit of Madame Celeste, who will speak an Ad dress on the occasion. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.— Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, THE CORSICAN BROTHERS. Mr. Melville, A. Harris, and Miss Clifford. After which, the Princess's " Rifle Volunteers " in full costume. Followed by the Farce, CRUEL TO BE KIND. Mr. A. Harris, Frank Matthews, and Miss Carlotta Leclercq. To conclude with the drama of PAULINE. Mr. Melville and Mrs. C. Young. NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Last 4 Nights of Mr. and Mrs. Wigan's engagement. THIS EVENING, to commence with (4th time) THE STAR OF THE STREET. Mr. J. L. Toole. Chas. Selby, Billington, C. J. Smith, Miss Weolgar, Mrs. Chatterlev, and Bliss Laidlaw. After which, STILL WATERS RUN DEEP. Messrs. Alfred Wigan, C. Selby, Billington, Eburne, C. J. Smith, and Powell: Mrs. A. Wigan and Mrs, Billington. To conclude with A MODEL OF A WIFE. Messrs. A Wigan, Toole, Selby, Mrs Billington, Miss Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- Mice open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this establishment are strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith On Easter Monday, the popular Adelphi drama of THE DEAD HEART, in which Mr. B. Webster will make his first appearance since his return from his successful provincial tour, and a Grand Musical Fairy Extravaganza. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. Directress, Miss Wyndham. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and Westminster, the Park being open to Carriages and foot passengers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with THE KING'S MITSKETEERS. Followed by RUN TO EARTR. After which the successful burlesque of DIDO. Mesdames Wyndham, Clara St. Casse, Eliza Arden, and Mr Charles Young. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, Is. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform &nee commences at 7. CONCERTS.- CANTERBURY HALL THIS EVENING, LUCREZIA BORGIA, (Donizetti). Donna Lucretia Miss Russell. Maio Orsini... Mrs. Anderson. Gennaro Mr. Henry Herbert. Don Altonzo Signor Tivoli. Conductor—Mr. Jonghmans. Comic 'Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critohileld, and E. W. Mackney, Several interesting Pictures ate added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.-Sux OFFICE, MARCH 29, 1860, THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 60—highest since noon yesterday. 51—lowest this morning and during the night. 67—this day at noon. ThutommTEn-29.63 ; falling. WIND, Westerly ; fresh, with dull cloudy weather, and some rain in the night; afternoon, fine. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, Oh. 42m.—Afternoon, 6h. 4m. To-mousow.-Morning, 6h. 29m.—Afternoon, 6h. 59m The spirited deelaration of Lord JouN RUSSELL has been felt over the water, and its practical effect has been endeavoured to be shuffled off by Louis NAPOLEON, who has tampered with the Bourse to neutralise the shock on the monied in terests of France. No wonder then the awkward position in which the arch intriguer finds himself placed. It was all very well while he cajoled Lite English Ministry by listening to the meek and placid persuasion of Mr. COBDEN as to the wonderful benefits likely—nay, sure to accrue, from a system of free trade. But clever as our peace-at-any-price negotiator thought himself, backed by the applause of the Free Trade Cabinet, yet in the end he found him self overmatched—aye, and overreached into the bargain ! It seems to be a fatuity with this country, that whatever she acquires by the sword, so surely shall she lose it by the pen. We pride ourselves upon our freedom in the exercise of either, but the French continue somehow or other to take " the shine out of "iis" at the end of the chapter. Whe ther it be from greater dexterity or presumption blended with a due amount of flattery, we cannot divine, but certainly we are cozened to our own surprise and the contempt of the laughing beholders. Are we too great or magna nimous to be wise—or do our riches make us liberal overmuch in the generosity of our bounty to thankless rivals ? Here we are done by our " august Ally," the great man of the people—who only oares for them in so far as they make brave soldiers and bow the ready knee to his Imperial bidding. The question of Savoy is a settled matter now— but only fora Om, for Switzerland will not bow the neck to the French yoke while her people are arm ing to support their just rights, founded on the faith of treaties to which they now appeal. The Emperor NAPOLEON has been able to threaten the King of SARDINIA into submissiveness, because he bribed him first by spoils taken from Austria, and insists upon an equivalent amount of gratitude for favours rendered. But the manoeuvre begins to lose much of its apparent cleverness now that the hypocrisy is sO nakedly apparent. VICTOR EMMANUEL sinks in public estimation, much in proportion as NAPOLEON rises in the scorn and distrust of all honest men. It is not long since our present Prime Minister paid the penalty of his devotion on the altar of subserviency to despotic presumption, and the time may not be far off when he may peruse a second edition of his French lesson. Welearn from the Paris correspondent of the Times that a despatch from Berne mentions that the Swiss Govcznraent intend protesting against any occupa tion, military or civil, by France, of the provinces of Clmblais and Faucigny, until such time as the Powns who have guaranteed the neutrality of Swit.verland, end who a re ca ll ed upon by the Cotattleration to see that this neutrality is not , d, shall have decided upon the matter. The S wins Government have also replied to M. Tifouv EN EL'S I tote in answer to the protest of the Confect (ration tigainst the annexation of the neu tralised provnees of Chablais and Faucigny and the viola tion o fits neutrality and independence. Thi s e lg the Paper Duty Repeal Bill has to b. cm Ist de red by the House of Commons in Com a litte :fs it conceivable, is it possible that under • existis i 7 circumstances the House can con tinue meekly to be quite as complaisant as it has (tnirabile. dictu) proved to be heretofore ? ' Ntvt. .% • 9 9 „ % 04. • , \ 'biToTP ••'• •• - • THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH 29, 1860, Recollect that hitherto the Commercial Treaty with France, the Budget, the imposition of the Income Tax to the tune of £10,000,000, the post ponement of the deliberate consideration of the Question of Savoy—that all those things and a great many others very nearly as unpalatable— have been swallowed one after another by Par liament upon the simple reiteration of the one grand Ministerial argument—" Trust the Emperor NAPOLEON, place your reliance in him, in the good faith and loyalty of his friendship, repose implicit confidence in his imperial magnanimity." But—suspicions have now been fully justified ! Nay—" a change" has come " o'er the spirit of the dream," even of her MAJESTY'S Ministers. Our Foreign Secretary, wh6, among all our administra tors of the Coalition, had most loudly insisted upon the integrity of the French EMPEROR as a political security, perfectly indestructible and adamantine= Lord JOHN RUSSELL himself has now frankly and explicitly acknowledged his error, has avowed that the policy of his Imperial Majesty must hence forth be regarded, not only by England, but by the whole of Europe, with profound distrust, and a very natural degree of suspicion. It is obvious, therefore, that the House of Commons must at length begin to regard matters—alike political and diplomatic, fiscal and financial—under an entirely different aspect, and from a totally opposite point of view. It were simply the most egregious folly in the world for Parliament to continue any longer blindly remitting duties for the convenience and emolument of France (without England obtaining any equivalent whatever, nay, even the smallest reciprocal advantage) in the hope that one conces sion may be made good in some nameless and un defined manner by the French EMPEROR'S mag nanimity. We know what that sort of vague SE.- curity is worth. We know by this time—just to be a trifle plainer—that it is absolutely worthless. Therefore, the House has nothing else left it to do, surely, in the matter than to trim its sails afresh— and go exactly upon an opposite tack. And now about the Paper Duty Repeal Bill, which is down upon the papers of the House of Commons for consideration in committee this even ing. It has passed the first and the second reading under the regis, or the glamour, or whatever else we may like to call it, of the Ministerial argument of confidence in the EMPEROR'S good faith, his loyalty, and his magnamity. As we have learnt now precisely what that all means—we come to the reconsideration of the proposed repeal, aided by fresh lights, in committee. With those lights shin, ing clear upon the Question from three dif ferent points—from Nice, from Turin, from Paris—shall we to this new act of fatuity put the seal of our acquiescence ? Already the House of Commons has done many rash things this session, but it has hitherto the ex cuse so far of having done so under a delusion, under a misapprehension. It has that excuse no longer. It must decide now with its eyes wide open, whe ther it is really prepared to sacrifice thus for the exclusive advantage of the foreigner upwards of £1,250,000 of revenue, or whether it will insist upon paper being dealt with, if dealt with at all, upon broad free trade principles. It is simply ab surd, we maintain, wholly to remit the import duty upon foreign paper, while France, no less than the other Continental Powers, rigidly maintains an export duty upon the raw material from which paper is mainly (for all rational printing purposes exclusively) manufactured. It is simply absurd to talk of its being Free Trade for England to remit the import duties upon foreign paper altogether, while France proposes to maintain an export duty upon rags of from £8 to £lO per ton, having up to the present time prohibited that exportation altogether ! When this export tariff upon rags is still £l2 108. in Holland ! When it is £9 per ton in Germany and the Zollverein ! When it is £6 per ton in Russia! And when, as the law exists, it is for mally prohibited in Belgium, and Spain, and Por tugal! So that at the very best, wherever that export tariff is maintained, the duties amount to from 50 to 100 per cent. upon the value of rags in those countries. And with a knowledge of this, the House of Commons is expected to night in Com mittee, in the name of Free Trade, with a view to the furtherance of Free Trade principles, to remit in the shape of paper duty X 1,250,000 and upwards without one iota in the shape of an equivalent ! No wonder Mr. WRIGLEY argues that " unless you have well considered and are prepared for all the consequences, you ought not to admit foreign paper free from countries which maintain an export duty on rags." No wonder he feels the proposed wrong bitterly—the wrong proposed to be inflicted on him self and his brother manufacturers—when he oan put the case with perfect truth thus forcibly, thus (as we conceive it) irresistibly—" Suppose," he writes, " that America, actuated by a desire to monopolise not only the growth, but also the manu facture of cotton, were to lay a tax of 50 per cent. upon the export of cotton ; would our English cot ton spinners consider it fair to this great interest if it were proposed to admit American cloth and pan freely to this country ? Would they be satisfied to be told that the thing would right itself in the course of a few years, and tat in the meantime they must do the best they could ? Would they patiently endure to be reminded of the indomitable nature of English skill and enterprise ? Would any " Government dare to make a proposal of this difference betweenth nature." "Aild if n ot" e o h s i e t i c o o n n o t ifntuhees, Englishw er e p i a s p t e h r e . maker as it will be if the proposed remission of the import duty is effected , and that which I have drawn of the cotton trade as it would be under similar circumstances ? The only difference is, that the one is a comparatively small and powerless in terest, and the other is all - powerful— an imperiun t in imperio." It rests with the House of Commons to decide to-night whether it will allow that powerful and latterly dominant interest to remain , so— whether the English pap ermakers are t o be crushed under the heels of the ins olent cham p ions of peace (so called)—men who, if they are Englishmen an d members of Parliament, are, above all things, cotton manufacturers, and speculative proprietors of, as yet, unremunerative penny newspapers ! The defenders of Church-rates have recoiled. Like the Austrians at Solferino, they made an unexpected advance on Sir J. TRELAWNY'S posi tion at the second reading; and, though they did not deprive him of a single vote—for the number of his supporters was identical with that of last year—by silently whipping up forty of their own defaulters, they lessened his large majority by that amount. This looked like a step towards victory; and, iii addition, they kept up a fire of petitions which with equal secrecy they had caused to be prepared in every parish hole and corner, till it really seemed as if a sudden zeal for Church-rates had oveL spread the country. But the Solferino like advance has been followed by a Solferino-like retreat. Abolitionists awoke in an instant from their imagined security—in a few weeks their peti tions have largely outnumbered the whole year's work of their antagonists. During the last week or two members have come loaded like bees to the House, with not merely one, but fives, tens, and hundreds of petitions, signed, too, by an average of persons more than three times as numerous as that of the other party, till the House looked aghast at the multitudes which still kept coming— indeed, St. Stephen's Chapel seemed likely to become a wholesale petition warehouse. So thorough was the victory, so complete the dismay, that the party which but a few short weeks ago celebrated its increased minority as a triumph, was now compelled to retire bodily from the contest. Poor Mr. PAcKE, whom they had selected to head the last grand charge, and to carry an amendment, that the bill should be committed that day six months, was compelled to withdraw it ! The ecclesiastical Zouaves had thoroughly routed the ecclesiastical Austrians; their whole line gave way, and the Quadrangle of the House of Lords is their only hope. We are perfectly certain, however, that there will be no Villafranca armistice. The Quad rangle may hold out as long as it can, but it is certain to be forced. No compromise will be tole rated. Any capitulations their lordships like, so that Church-rates be completely abolished ; but nothing will be endured which leaves a vestige of the power to coerce the reluctant to pay for the worship of the willing. Poor Mr. NEWDEGATE, with his amendments, followed Mr. PAcKE. His own party had in vain endeavoured to dissuade him from persisting. But persist he would; he wanted the tax transferred from persons to property ; to become a charge on property ; to be levied on the occupier, but deducted from rent. The house would not hear of this, and the unfortunate assailant of Maynooth and " Papists " was left by his fellow Protestants in a minority of 49 to 222. So much for one notable recommendation of the pious Marquis of BLAND FORD'S committee—that owners of property, not occupiers, should be saddled with the rate. Mr. WALTER coolly observed that those who used the Church ought to pay for the accommodation ; one of his largest tenants, he said, who would pay most of all in his parish, neither had, nor could ob tain, a pew in the parish church. Surely it was rather hard that his farm should pay Church-rates for the fortunate pew-holders. Sir GEORGE GREY'S proposal came next—the bill having been committed—that power should be given to the incumbent and churchwardens to charge the appropriated pews. Legal and technical diffi culties were raised, and it was pretended that such provisions did not belong to a bill for the abolition of Church-rates. Sir GEORGE stated that the pro posal was his own, and not that of the Government ; and finding more opposition than he anticipated withdrew his motion. We certainly think his plan a perfectly fair one. All the talk about the exclu sion of the poor is mere cant. Are the poor ex cluded from the chapels of Dissenters, where they are certainly to be found in far greater numbers than in churches ? Indeed, the fact is rather the other way. The poor, infinitely to their credit, prefer to pay the trifle they can afford, for the ac commodation. We were much struck by the evi dence of a Wesleyan witness before the Lords' com mittee; he told the committee that their poor, without exception, paid a penny a week as their contribution. And so strong does the feel ing of self-respect seem to be, that " the brethren " who are better off furnish the very poor with the means of payment to save their feelings ! There is the same feeling in Scotland, where weekly collections at the doors is the practice of all Churches. The poorest and the youngest will not pass the plate. The poor are not the class to object to a small and reasonable seat rent, while free seats would, of course, be reserved in every place of public worship. Nothing seems fairer than, that as we pay for a seat in a theatre, an omnibus, or a railway carriage, so we should pay for a seat in a church ; while no religious sect would, for de cency's sake, forget their " third class" worshippers —we almost blush to mention such an idea in con nection with Christian worship. Lord JOHN MANNERS liked neither Mr. NEWDE GATE'S nor Sir GEORGE GREY'S proposals; indeed, he would like nothing that mitigated the purely abolition character of Sir JOHN TRELAWNY'S bill. His hope is in the Lords, and we well know they are hopeful enough in any such cause as this. What they will do this year, of course, no one can be sure. The chances in the Lords are always against libera lism and common sense, and especially against the surrender of any privilege, ecclesiastical or politi cal, commonly in proportion to its offensiveness. It exhibits most strikingly the dignity of the Lords, whin they can coolly face repeated divisions of the House of Commons, and ignore petitions by the thousand from the ignoble vulgus ; and hence, as likely as not, they will refuse to abolish Church-rates this year. Reasoning would be, we fear, wasted upon their Lordships— not, we wish it to be understood, upon the more active portion of the Peers, those who take a part regularly in the business of the country, and who know something of public life. It is that portion of the House which has no right to belong to it at all—the dormant three-fourths or four-fifths, who never hear a debate, certainly never make a speech —whose names are only known by reference to lists and catalogues,—and whom ninety-nine hundredths of Englishmen know no more of than they do of the greengrocers of Southwark—it is these Peers with whom it is hopeless to reason, for they are utterly incapable of weighing arguments. They ask no question about a bill, but is it a Tory Bill, or a Liberal one. If the former, up go their proxies against it to their noble Tory agent, at Westmin ster, and it is by the help of all this antiquated lumber that the progress of the country is every year obstructed. How long is the way to be blocked up by this venerable rubbish ? We talk of reforming our representation in the House of Commons ; we surely need quite as much to reform the House of Lords. If hereditary Peers we must have, we then must have some means of rendering them amenable to reason and public opinion. At pre sent they are far more despotic than his Majesty of FRANCE whom they so willingly depreciate ; he does respect popular opinion. The House of Peers takes a pleasure in bearding both the people and their representatives. And this they eo from the dignified• seclusion of their ivy-covered castles, haveassig nhaveproxy Lords, Lords. On the first announcement of the French Eg- PEROR'S intention to cheat England, her Ministers, and Parliament, by substituting a prohibitive th o tty r or. rags for prohibition , we strongly expressed indignation not only with the selfit,hness of the thing—for the whole Treaty is one of pure selfish ness on the French side—but at the insult to this country. We can, therefore, but be gratified to see that the press of the country, and the voice of all genuine Englishmen has since fully recog nised the justice of our sentiments. Like a contemporary this morning, we, too, may say, that we can have no interest in dear paper. The cheaper we can buy this raw material of our manufacture, obviously, the better for us. But we recoil from cheapness at the cost of our honour. Though viewed commercially, we and the paper makers are antagonists—their object being to sell to us dep., and ours to buy of them cheap; yet we THE - SITN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 29, 1860, can never wish to buy cheap of French paper makers, who have fraudulently beaten ours by a treaty and budget trick. No ! let us pay double price aye, iouble income tax rather than that. The paper-makers do not ask any favour, they only ask to be put on an equal footing with foreign papermakers. Can we but honour such a demand ? They ask that if a bounty be given to French papermakers by a heavy export duty on French rags, they shall be protected by a corresponding duty on French paper. Not to grant this demand is, in fact, to expose our own manufacturers to competition, not with French papermakers, but with the Exchequer of France. They do not profess to be able to con tend with an Imperial papermaker. They dare do all that may become manufacturers,—more they cannot do ; more we will not ask them to do. We hope, however, the House of Commons will have spirit enough to put down a Chancellor of the Exchequer who would venture to propose that we shall be insulted from the south to the not th of France—from the Alps and Savoy to the ports facing us, in which the very Customhouse officers will grin and chatter as they demand the duty on rags, and glory in having dished the Bri tish. We have no doubt Mr. GLADSTONE, aided by . a band of amateurs who know nothing about trade, will endeavour to prevent the levy ing a penny a-pound on foreign paper till the rag export duties are abolished. We can easily imagine how he will refine and play the sophist to make his beloved budget perfect to a penny as he imagines ; but surely straight forward British gentlemen will not be convinced against their better instincts, even if they should be puzzled for the exact answer to his sophisms. They feel that if they could inflict a becoming penalty for the Savoy piece of trickery, they would be right in doing it. For the dirty trick of the rag business, it is in their power to inflict a retribution, which Imperial meanness and justice to English manufacturers equally de mand. For ourselves, rather than not lay the penny duty on foreign paper, we would cancel the whole treaty—the whole job, we should say—and let both countries stand as they were. We can do very well yet without French wines, but we cannot do without our lonour. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA. The season came to a close last evening with the benefit of Miss Louisa Pyne. The house was crowded in every part, and applause of the most enthusiastic kind greeted the fair singer's first ap pearance upon the stage. This was the last of the nine "extra nights," the legitimate season having terminated nearly a fortnight ago, when a " fare well address" was presented to the public by the Pyne and Harrison management. The genuine and very great success which has attended this operatic speculation from the first proves very plainly that there is a public for English opera—a public ready and willing to support native artists. The know ledge of this fact is in itself highly valuable ; and we must praise Mr, Harrison and Miss Louisa Pyne for having, at their own risk, and by their own exertions, made a discovery of really national importance. ADELPTII THEATRE. Mr. Wigan's farce, bearing the desirable title of " A Model of a Wife," was revived at this theatre last night, the author playing the part of the romantic M. Bonnefoi with all the grotesque humour and fantastic vivacity for which his im personations of foreign character are so amusingly remarkable. The house was very numerously attended. Mr. Webster, whose tour in the provinces has been highly successful, will return to his old quar ters on Easter Monday, when Mr. Watts Phillips's drama of " The Dead Heart" will be again pro duced. BANK OF ENGLAND-1860. The following is the Ho Directors of the Bank of Engl FOR GO'V Bonamy DoLree, Alfred Latham, Esq FOR MR )use List of Governors and land for the year ensuing, viz. : TERN ORS. , Esq., Governor. [., Deputy - Governor. tECTORS. Thomas Baring, Esq. Kirkman D. Hodgson, Esq Hy. Wollaston Blake, Esq. Henry L. Holland, Esq. *John William Birch, Esq. J. Gellibrand Hubbard, Esq. Travers Burton, Esq. Thos. Newman Hunt, Esq. *Stephen Cave, Esq. Chae. Frederick Huth, Esq. Ed. Henry Chapman, Esq. George Lyall, Esq. H. Wigram Crawford, Esq. James Malcolmson, Esq, William Cotton, Esq. Thomas Masterman, Esq. C. Pascoe Grenfell, Esq. Alexander Matheson, Esq. Henry Hucks Gibbs, Esq. James Morris, Esq. Thomson Mankey, Esq. Sheffield Neave, Esq. J. Benjamin Heath, Esq, Geo. Warde Norman, Esq. N.B. The gentlemen against whose navies an asterisk is placed are new candidates for the Direction. The election for Governor and Deputy-Governor will be held at the Bank on Tuesday, the 10th April, and for Directors on Wegnesda v , the 11th April, from 10 o'clock in the forenoon till 4 in the afternoon. We understand that Mr. Herman Merivale, now permanent Under. Secretary for the Colonies, will be the new Under-Secretary for India, in succession to Sir George Clerk, appointed Govern or o f B om b ay . Hisoyal Highness the Prince of Waits, who is well up in all the good old English sports, is, we (Oxford Chronicle) understand, likely to make a first-rate tennis player. Since his residence in Oxford his royal highness has patronised the tennis court in Merton-street, and ix company with many of the noblemen and gentlemen of Christ Church has wielded the racket in an effective man ner. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam bridgo and the Princess Mary honoured Lady Truro by their company at dinner last evening, at her ladyship's residence in Eaton-square. A distinguished circle were present. His Excellency the Prussian Minister and the Countess de Bernstorff have left town on a visit to the Duke of Rutland at Belvoir Castle. The Duchess of Inverness is, we are happy to hear, recovering from her indi s position. Th e D uc h ess o f Cambridge visited her grace yesterday at Kensington Palace. DEATH OF THE EARL OF LONGFORD.—We re gret to announce the death of this peer, who died on Tues day night after a prolonged illness. He was Earl of the county of Long-ford and Baron of Longford in the peerage of Ireland, and Baron Silchester of Sileheeter, Southamp ton, in the peerage of the United Kingdom. He was born on the 30th of October, 1817, and succeeded to the title on the 21th of May, 1835. He will be succeeded by his brother, the Hon. Colonel William Lygon Pakenham, C.B. --- REFRESHMENT HOUSES AND WINE LICENSES BlLL.—Yesterday Mr. Crook gave notice that, on the mo tion for the second reading of this bill, he would move that it be read a second time that day six months. THE NEW STAMP DUTlES.—Yesterday the bill on the new stamp duties was printed. It contains 18 sec tions and a schedule containing the new duties to be im posed. A heavy penalty is to be imposed for frauds in re lation to adhesive stamps. THE INCOME TAX.—The bill on the income tax was issued yesterday. The duty is to commence on the 6th of April next at 10d., and to be for one year. Claims for repayment must be made within three years. In a day or two the telegraph wires will be ex teided to Ventnor, at the back of the Isle of Wight. Lon dolt will then be in telegraphic communication with Cowes, Hyde, Newport, Ventnor, and Osborne, the chief towns and Queen's residence in the Isle of Wight. The telegraph already extends to Hurst, opposite Yarmouth, the extreme south-western end of the island. LLOYD'S.—At a meeting of the members of Lloyd's held yesterday, the followingvoteswere unanimously passed :—The sum of no in aid of the funds of the Ship wrecked Fishermen and Mariners Royal Benevolent Society ; the sum of .E . 25 in aid of the funds of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution; the sum of £3O in aid of the sub scription raised for the widows of four men who lost their lives in endeavouring to render assistance to the crew of the Unity, Smith, from Hartlepool to London, when that ves sel was at anchor in a dangerous position off Aldborough, on the 21st Dec. last, and for rewarding James Chatten, who nobly exerted himself on the occasion ; the honorary silver medal to Commander T. Davies, R.N., to mark the sense entertained of his praiseworthy and gallant conduct in assisting to save, at the risk of his own life, five of the crew of the fishing smack John Bull, of Yarmouth, when stranded near that port, on the 17th Feb. ; the honorary bronze medal to George Melligan, coxswain of lifeboats, and the sum of XI to him, and each of the other 11 men who accompanied Commander Davies in the surf-boat on the above ()cession. A STREET G .tIEVANCIik—A writer in a contem poriry says :—" I do not know who are to blame for the disg,raccful condition of the carriage way in North Wel lington-sti eet, Strand, but in the interest of humanity I beg to call attention to the facts, which I am sure any resi• dent in the street can corroborate. No horse can be driven up the street from the Strand without grievous straining to avoid stumbling and severe injury to its frame. I have seen five horses down with broken knees and severe con tusioas in the space of an hour, and in one day I counted 14 accidents. The paving is as smooth as sheet glass. If nothing can be done, l e t me advise any man who has a feeling for. his horse not to permit it to be ridden or driven up North Wellington-street."—[The same may be said of a portion of the Strand, from Savoy-street to Burleigh street—more especially opposite The Sun Office, where the paving slopes considerably.—En, Sun.] LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, MARCH 29. The Constitutionnel, in an article signed by its chief editor, M. Grandguillot, treating of the pos sibility of the departure of the French army from Rome, says : " It has always been admitted that we could not remain indefinitely at Rome. The Roman Govern. ment having appeared to desire our departure, France waits only that the safety of the Pope be assured, but will not leave Rome until replaced by the army of an Italian Power. Negotiations with Naples have been spoken of, and if the course of events should lead to such an end, France certainly will not raise any obstacle." BERLIN, MARcx 28. The answer of Prussia to M. Thouvencl's note contains a distinct reservation of rights, and ever• getically supports the demands of Switzerland. It is asserted that Russia is in favour of a Con gress. BERNE, MARCH 29. Another note was yesterday received from M. Thouvenel tending to tranquillise Switzerland, by citing the reservations in favour of the latter coun try which are contained in the treaty of cession of Savoy and Nice. MADRID, MARCH 28. It is asserted that a modification of the Ministry will take place by Senors Posada and Salaverria quitting the Cabinet. The Correspondencia Auto (gala denies this rumour, and adds that a Ministe rial crisis is not yet to be expected. The official Gazette states that the Spanish loss in the battle of the 26th was 1,267 men killed and wounded. Senor Henrique O'Donnell arrived here to-day. HUNGARY. The following is from a letter dated Pesth, March 21 :—The Minister of the Interior has sent a circular to all the Austrian functionaries in this country, rebuking them vehemently for not exer cising sufficient vigilance in watching over and re porting on the movements of the popular party ; for not getting timely information of political de monstrations, and taking measures to prevent them ; and, more particularly, for not sending in the lists of " suspected" people (that is, those who for political reasons are hostile to the Government), which had been demanded of them. The Minister tells the functionaries that if they continue to neglect the orders given them in these respects, they will be punished by ,stoppages of pay, and even by dismissal. The number of wounded in the affair of the 15th has been ascertained:to be 30. The reason why the precise number of victims could not be known at once was that many of them hurried, or were car ried, home in the hope that they would escape the clutches of the police ; but the police has ferretted them out, and in spite of their wounds they are to be brought to trial. lam sorry to say that one of the young men wounded has died. Ever since the 15th arrests have been made daily, and are continu ing still; moreover, numerous students have been expelled not only from the University but from the city. The chief of the Austrian police at Presburg, feeling humiliated at the idea of Pesth having a demonstration and Presburg none, got up one on his own account. He or his agents incited a num ber of boys to - parade in the streets roaring patriotic songs ; and he immediately pounced down on them with the armed force and dispersed them like a flock of sheep. He, however, collared the leader of them—a dangerous traitor of the ripe age of 15 ; and has lodged him in gaol. The whole affair is laughed at. The Viennese Government, I under stand, is so annoyed at it that it has administered a sharp rebuke to the Presburgian Prottman, and has counselled him in future to temper his zeal with a little discretion. The telegraph will no doubt have informed you that the Viennese Government has resolved on rais ing a new loan of 200,000,060 ft. Ostensibly this loan is to be left open to the free subscription of the people, but in reality it:is to be, as regards Hun gary, at all events, a forced one. I say this be cause I know that the Austrian functionaries have already gone to numerous people of wealth, and have told them plainly that they, must subscribe under pain of being looked on as enemies to the Government. Such an intimation, under the direful tyranny which prevail here, will make the loan as compulsory as was that of 1854, which was imposed on towns and districts in the lump, and afterwards divided among the inhabitants in proportion to their supposed means. Some time back I told you that the Austrian Government had committed an iniquitous act of spoliation in felling the Castle of the Hunyads, Transylvania, which formed part of the national domains of Hungary, and was no more the pro perty of the Hapsburgs' than the Isle of Man. Another spoliation of this unfortunate country is about to be perpetrated by the Minister of Finance at Vienna. The domain and ironworks of Turia Remete, in the county of Unghvar, are ad vertised' for sale on the 16th of April next in the Ccunty-hall of the town of Unghvar. The Austrian Government, doubtless, thinks that its pecuniary embarrassments are a justification of any measure ; :but it must know that the sale of the CI own domains of Hungary will never be sanc tioned by the National Diet, and that the people foolish enough to buy them will, therefore, sooner or later, be compelled to restore them without indemnity ; and really it ought not, in common decency, to entrap those people into the loss of their money." AMERICA. QUEENSTOWN, WEDNESDAY. The screw steamer North American, Captain Aiton, from Portland on the 17th inst., has arrived. She landed all her mails. The Circassian, from Galway, arrived at New foundland on the 15th inst. A portion of the Hungarian's mails had reached Portand wet, but uninjured. The Senate had re jected the treaty with Nicaragua. A bill for the suppression of polygamy in Utah had been intro duced in the House of Representatives. The overland mail from the Pacific had reached New York. War in Rio Grande had been officially reported. There was a good prospect of an exten sion of the telegraph to the Pacific. Stephens and Hazlett, who were engaged in the affair of Harper's-ferry, were executed yesterday at Charleston. The theatre and several other buildings in Mo bile were burned down on the 13th. The loss was estimated at 275,000 doll. Havannah advices are to the 11th inst. News unimportant. The Captain-General had tendered his resignation. LATEST FROM MEXlCo.—Three American war steamers were before Vera Cruz. Miramon was taking measures to blockade the city, which all non-combatants had left. The Juarez Government had declared the expedition from Havannah pira tical. The ship Wabamo, from New York for Rot terdam, had been totally destroyed by fire at Sandy Hook. The crew were saved. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE, NEW YORK, 'MARCH 16. Stocks active aid firm at much higher prices. Illinois Central, 61. Exchange dull: London, 1081 1081. Money easy. Cotton dull and heavy. Middling Uplands, 11 ; sales, 1,200 bales. Flour dull and flat ; corn 2c. lower. Provisions and sugar steady; coffee advancing. Freights firm : cotton to Liverpool, 5-16. MONTREAL, MARCH 17. Flour sc. to 10c. lower. LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY. The screw steamer North American, Captain Aiton, which touched at .Queenstown yesterday arrived here this morning. It was reported in New York that Spain had agreed to sell Cuba to the United States, but that the price had not been fixed. LITERATURE. Woman's Temptation. A novel. Edited by the Hon.:Mrs. Ralph Dutton. 3 vols. Hurst and Blackett. There are some painful scenes of domestic life disclosed in these pages with an earnestness that is very effective. It cannot be said that there is much that is new in the plot of the tale, but, at the same time, there is nothing tame or inanimate through out its tenour. Geraldine is in herself a good sub ject for a heroine, for she can think and act, and although, through the combination of unfortunate circumstances, she early fixed her fate in a most unsatisfactory manner, she did not yield to de sponding, nor give way to dsspair. She strove and struggled, and in due course succeeded in obtaining sure calm to her distracted mind. The interest does not, however, depend upon her alone, for Leonie, her sister-in-law, is another delightful por traiture ; and, indeed, she is the best character in the story. The author, who has created such a finished character, can do better hereafter, and may reach to a higher standard than this can aspire to. A being like Leonie is sure to be the life of her circle, which is not confined to home, but ex tends to all who come at all within her sphere. Many mourned for her early death, many missed her bright presence from among them, but though her days on earth were indeed a span, she accom plished more in her bright days of youth than many who have lingered in this weary world till their heads were hoary and their strength com pletely spent with time. She was not a precise style of person, not that such a one could ever be popular, but she inclined to mirth ; her foreign birth only increased her attractiveness, while she possessed as true a heart and as warm affections for home as any English maiden throughout the land. Geraldine found her indeed a treasure in her deso late and blighted life. The description of Lawrence is excellent. Many such a wily man has insinuated himself into the good graces of society, and too late has the world discovered him to be an adventurer. The arrangement of the sad scenes which led to the marriage of Geraldine with her brother's tutor is very clever, and though they may have been copied from reality in many a splendid mansion, that is no drawback to their again and again being repro duced in the pages of novels. So long as parents will sacrifice their daughters at the shrine of vanity, so long should the practice be reprobated in every available opportunity. Lord Silverton is a most unfavourable specimen of a husband, selected by the rules of convenance, it is true, but no one forced upon her could have been otherwise than hateful to a high-spirited girl like Geraldine, and it is only natural she should listen to the voice of the tempter who urged her to escape. The death-bed of Lady Bournemouth is the best satire on the result of such a life as hers. When her daughter again stood before her she declared they deceived her—the pale, careworn woman could not be her bright and blooming favourite. The girl was gone, indeed, and-the woman was there who, through her instrumentality, had had to endure the biting baste of poverty, and, above all other wretchednesses, to realise the bitter truth that she had made an ill-assorted marriage. Who was to blame ? Not the victim who rushed away from misery on to the edge of a precipice, but those who were her guardians, by the decrees of heaven, as well as by the statutes of man. Well might the mother fear to face her child, well might she fear still more to meet her end, and to remember that though friends had applauded and relations upheld her, she was now to face a more righteous tribunal than the faulty decisions of the self-sufficient and vain world she belonged to could constitute ; and if one crime above another can be supposed to preponderate it must be thatof the parent who drives her child to sin rather than abate her own lust of the eye and pride of life. One of the few deserving persons here mentioned is Lord Ernest Fitzger maine, and it is especially sad to contemplate the the disappointment of his hopes, when he alone of alone of all her suitors would have made Geraldine an excellent husband. Although reserved and un prepossessing as many considered him, there was genuine worth in the young man's nature, and life to him was a glorious inheritance that the shadow of a crossed love should not wholly overcast. He worked away in foreign climes in his vocation till his country rung with his name, and his former detractors were everywhere met with his praises. Too late did the object of his affection find out the prize she had lost, but she felt truly that to have been selected by such a man was no common honour, and that henceforth she would remain as she was, and devote herself to her brother. It was one blessed thing for Geraldine that among her family she was always welcome. After death had termi nated the sufferings of her wretched husband, she did not lead an intolerable life, though it was over shadowed and appeared worse than it was to those who remembered her in her opening spring of light and loveliness. To them she seemed ever a wreck, but they should have reflected that things might have been much worse. Gertrude is quite a con trast to the other ladies, but she pleases one in her way, and she is an admirable warning to those ladies who are apt to forget the day of reckoning when they attire themselves in gorgeous array, and who also seek to hide their first folly by subsequent errors. Sir Henry Kincardine, her husband, is a very worthy man, and he certainly deserves a better wife. Many minor personages fill up the tale in a satisfactory manner, and " Woman's Temptation" may be considered on the whole as a fair exposition of some of the most eventful pas sages of human existence, and thus, while it is only of average merit as regards construction and com position, it really can lay claim to being of more importance as regards its subject, and its purpose is of an elevated aim and exalted character. Few of the miseries of human existence have caused more sorrowful lives and bitter deathbeds than the mistakes that have been made in the outset of the career of many a home favourite and star of society. The Season Ticket. Bentley. The readers of the Dublin Magazine have been for the last year delighted with these sketches, and their reappearance in a collected form cannot but be a rich treat for the public. The motto on the title-page is as follows :—" I pity the man who can travel from Dan to B e e rs h e ba. and cry 'tis all barren ;" and truly does the context of the work exemplify how much may be seen by the man who looks for knowledge, how much found when he seeks information, and how much may be imparted to others by the cheerful and ready distribution of intelligence. A gifts of acquirement and natural A ready sparkling wit, a brilliant sarcasm, a dash ing style, and a vivid descriptiveness, form some of the chief characteristics of this book, and both author and publisher are entitled to the thanks of the reading community for thus presenting in a lasting and elegant form a work that is sure to be come a decided favourite among all classes. It is astonishing to notice, in looking over its pages in this collected edition, the vast amount of informa tion they contain, as well as the inexhaustible fund of amusement in anecdote, sketch, and soliloquy. The " Season Ticket " secures a passport that ob tains for us an entrance into a sphere which we never before appreciated. It is th e O pen S esame to fairy regions of radiant mirth, and we wander on in never-ending, still beginning enchantment. The author commences by stating that " every thing has altered its dim ens i ons except t h e worl d we live in. The far East and the far West have shaken hands and pirouetted together." As travels are exhaust e d, h e t hi n k s " t h e proper study of mankind is ma n ," an d hi s researc h es i n th i s wide field are not without profitto his readers, while they reflect great credit on himself. The conversations between tip s "narrator and the two Americans he meets with are deserving of all attention. It is always an interesting incident when travellers from distant countries will meet and discuss in a friendly spirit the marvels of their divers lands, and while recounting the vari ous customs and general tone of their own people, listen without prejudice to the ways of those who may be equally worthy in their own way. Those who have listened to the animated discourses that took place between the trio will not soon forget their many varied topics, while those who have not yet made themselves acquainted with them should lose no time in procuring such an unfailing source of amusement for their leisure hours. No " Season Ticket" has ever ensured to its purchaser more pleasant wanderings than those which the pos sessor of this work will obtain in following the pioneer who skilfully guides them " through fresh fields and pastures new." The American Pastor in Europe. By the Rev. Joseph Cross, D.D. Edited by the Rev. John Cumming, D.D. Bentley. This is i'very entertaining; and agreeable cvoi k, narrating the experiences of an American pastor during a year's sojourn in our quarter of the globe. A great portion of the work treats of Italy, not in a political sense, but in a descriptive and artistic one. Venice, Rome, Naples, and Florence are all successively visited and admired, and the chapters on the Roman architecture show considerable classical and archaeological knowledge. The writer is evidently most sincere in the admiration he ex presses, and the enjoyment of the wonders of art and architecture overcom es th e narrowne ss of his Protestantism. From Italy and the ruins of the Eternal City we find ourselves suddenly transported to metropolitan tea parties. Dr. Cross is a Metho dist preacher, and this fact tinges all his opinions and feelings. He gives us many pungent sketches of our pulpit celebrities, and if we cannot always coincide in the views he expresses, we can at least admire his vigour and earnestness. His work, though full of incidental allusions to spiritual things, is by no means of a solemn or gloomy dia • ratter. Humorous touches and lively and graphic descriptions are scattered through it; and if the author's taste is sometimes at fault, his intentions are evidently always excellent. The warm sym pathy with which he speaks of the efforts made by the clergy of the Established Church for the bene fit of the lower classes is greatly to his credit, and. is entirely above any sectarian feeling. The work is edited by Dr. Cumming, who, how ever, has not given the" reader much infor mation in his notes. We are somewhat surprised that he should not have told the English reader something of Dr. Cross's life and labours, instead of merely introducing a few criticisms on his style. In place of preface, however, he has given us some graphic sketches of the more eminent transatlantic preachers ; thus, he says, paying the able author " a few English shillings for his many American dollars," alluding to the numerous clerical portraits Dr. Cross has introduced. It is always curious to read what a traveller thinks of ourselves, and if the remarks of the author only apply to one section of the community, it is one that does us no discredit ; while his records of Italian travel are replete with information and in terest. Scotland in the Middle Ages. By Cosmo Innes, Professor of History in the University of Edin burgh. Edminston and Douglas. This work was read in the shape of Lectures to a class in the University of which the author is a Pro fessor. They were intended to illustrate early Scotch history and social progress, without attempt ing to form in any degree a regular historical nar rative. The work is rather to be looked upon as most valuable supplement or accompaniment to the standard histories, supplying all those minor details and that casual information which so greatly assist the students in forming a right estimate of a people's character and pro gress. The author could scarcely be less preten tious than he is in his preface. He expresses a hope that the origin of the work may be sufficient excuse for any lack of originality, and that "if the sketches have any merit it is in teaching that true history is best learnt from the study of its genuine materials, and not from the twice-told tale of the historians of the bookshelves." At the suggestion of his publishers, the author has prefixed some maps, illustrative of Old Scotland and its progress and developments. Explanatory notes and lists of places are given which extend to some length, and evidence great care and research. They con tain an amount of erudite information not easily accessible, and, consequently, of some value to the reader of antiquarian tastes, and are full of curious and recondite knowledge. The introductory chapters of the body of the work treat of the general aspect of Europe and its population at the time of Char lemagne. The earliest known history of Scotland is next entered upon, and the ancient celebrities of . that time are spoken of. The language then in nse is also discussed. After the sketches of Scottish history we have interesting treatises on the Scotch. burghs and their laws, the vestiges of ancient law, the ancient constitution of Scotland, the early dress and manners, language and literature, dwellings and architecture. It will therefore be seen that this work will be of great value to the student, by giving vitality to the dry records of the past ; and it offers much to interest and even instruct the cul tivated reader, who will find a large amount of an tiquarian learning thus condensed and classified. Under Currents. A Novel of our Day. By Vann Ireton St. John, author of " St. Eustaee," &C. 3 vols. Tinsley, Strand. This novel is extremely romantic and melo dramatic in its character, a missing will, a psl tide, and a 'double murder being prominent dents. Great numbers of characters are introduce", many of them dark and nefarious in their dealingfil and the incidents, as we have said above, are cer tainly startling. The " undercurrents” sweep the evildoers of the work on to destruction, and the virtuous heroes and heroines are suitably rewarded. Some of the writer's theories are unsound, and hit general style somewhat extravagant and unfinished. We cannot commend the work before us to readers of taste and refinement, but it willsprobably attract the large class who only look for an exciting and romantic narrative, and if they find a due amount of crimes, catastrophes, and love-making are fully satisfied. Rights and Wrongs ; a Manual of Household Law. By Albany Fonblanque, jun., Barrister-at-Law, author of " How we are Governed." Routledge. This little work is intended to assist the reader to avoid litigation, rather than to aid him when engaged in it. It is by the author of a volume that appeared last year, entitled, " How we are Governed," and continues the series of plain and and practical instructions on legal matters. It would require, as the author justly observes in his preface, not one book but a complete library to dis pose of every right that can be claimed and every wrong that can be committed, and to include the intricate obligations of the commercial world. He has, therefore, restricted himself to treating of those legal transactions that concern every day life, such as the relations between master and servant, guar dian and ward, landlord and tenant, debtor and creditor, husband and wife, &c., &c. ; also the laws :of partnership, joint-stock companies, in surance, and the dispositions of property by will, with the duties of executors and administrators. It ' will, therefore, be seen that this little volume is likely to be of practical service to those who are much engaged in business relations, and those who desire to keep clear of legal expenses by avoiding any breach of the technicalities of the law. The Culture of Flowers and Plants. The Culture of Fruits and Vegetables. By George Glenny, F.H.S., author of " The Gardener's Every Day Book," " Gardening for the Million," &c., &e. lloulston and Wright, Paternoster-row. The name of Mr. Glenny is so well known in the horticultural and botanical world, that a com mendation of works from his pen is almost super fluous. In the present instance it is especially so, as the works in question are reprints from the Horticultural Journal, the Gardeners' Gazette, and similar periodicals. They have, therefore, been endorsed by time and experience, and the continual demand which still exists for them, and the great estimation in which they ar e deservedly held, have induced the publishers to collect the scattered trea tises and offer them to thegardening world in their present compact and convenient form. Mr Glenny speaks highly of the value of the instructions here given. He claims the right of priority in all his methods, asserting that, in many instances, his plans have been coolly appropriated by others, who, after testing them and becoming convinced of their merits, published them in a new form under their own names. The lessons which he published so long ago have not, he says, been contradicted by any modern professor of the science, which is neces sarily a gratifying fact. They are thoroughly practical in their nature, containing plain instruc tions, not confusing the amateur with complicated. directions and technical terms, but expressing tllB author's meaning in a clear and comprehensible fashion. We have little doubt they will prove, as their author hopes, among the most useful w orks that a young gardener, whether amateur or profes" sional, can select for a limited library. W ° have only to add that the volumes are of a col; venient size, printed in clear type, and each adorned with a beautiful coloured frontispiece representing groups of fruits and flowers. The Pope's Rights and Wrongs. _ A Historical Sketch. Triibner and. Co. According to our author, who traces the biota), of the Popes to th e i r or i g i n , t h e i r is r i g hts ' a consist of encroachments, made silently al gradually at fi rs t, b o ldl y an d b y w holesal e at last, on the ri g ht s o f a ll o th er Ch r i s ti a n In en i Their " wron gs ' consist of such a list to wrongs they h ave d one to mora lity and Christendom, such as can happily be paralleled by the hist or y o f b u t f ew Royal houses. Those o f ? cu r readers who wish to see com bi ne d i n to one sk. e 4 oo tho depraving t en d ency o f ecclesiastical arabi and power, will find stories enough for their p pose. We: wonder that in a few instances dece nc y did not forbid a literal translation of certain IT. sages of old a u th ors . B u t the author ha s dently far more knowledge than last'. The Handbook of Chess. By an Oxford Amateur. Cassell, fetter, and Galpin. This is the first of a series of elementary hand books, and besides the laws of the game, contair some good advice to young plovers , and a n " P A A: nation of the openings with different p ieces. series of this nature will, we doubt not , be accepts to the juvenile public. ta Nler Pric es at b et . S hare fir te. The to this The - Prem. ; Buenos In th trensae reenthll Show n GI Welter lu ld Lii 4 , 1 ; L kEerwii Th e shown Join dull, ai 131t1T1! 3 per C E ludia S r , Ditto 0 111101 8 h '-' ' llo heqi Litt° 4 1 3IC Th, th e r , to the tatior I I tlt t h 1 Ditto N