The Sun. — London, England, 1869-10-05 00:00:00

THE POPES SYLLABUS. On Sunday forenoon Archbishop Manning deli vered a discourse on the Pope's Syllabus to a large congregation in the Pro-Cathedral, High-street, Kensington, selecting as his text John vi. and 60th, " Mani of i L 9 disciples, when they beard this, said, 4 This is an hard saying ; who can hear it ?' " Dr. MANNING, who was habited in purple and ermine, commenced by observing that our Lord had been speaking of the great mystery of the body and blood of the incarnate Word of God which He would give for the life of the world and for the food of the soul. They did not understand Him. They counted it a hard saying, and some went their way. So it always had been. The enunciation of the truth had always two effects—those that be lieved were strengthened, and those that would not believe stumbled at the truth. He should have preferred taking up and coutiuuing the beatitudes of our Divine Lord where he broke off when he last spoke from that place, but the times, the moment, and the day he might say imposed on him the sub ject on which he was about to speak. To-d„ty was the festival of the holy Rosary—a day marked in the history of the Church by one of the greatest events in Christian history, the destruction of the anti-Christian power of Mahomelanism—by the great battle of Lepanto, when the Christian world was threatened by the enormous supremacy of that vast infidel empire, so that Christian Europe must have been ravaged had it not been overthrown. They also commemorated to-day another great vic tory by land over that same Mahomedan Power ; and these two great blows dealt by the Christian world against the Mahomedan Antichrist for ever broke its power and dominion ; so that to this day Christian Powers, so far from being menaced by its existence, were themselves propping it lest it should fall. And these two great contests were under the direct sanction and direction of the Roman Pontiffs, who, as the heads of the Christian world —the most illuminated to know its dangers, and the most powerful to prevent them—combined, organised, and directed these two . great de fences of Christendom, calling together the princely chivalry of Christian Europe to defend its exis tence. They always on that day ascribed these two great events to the infinite mercy and provi dence of their Heavenly Father, and to the prayers of their immaculate Mother, for it was while the but to speak as he likes, and to write as he blue, because he has the liberty to think as he likes, and that he may publish, by writing, or printing, any thing he chooses on any subject and on all subjects and in every sense. Thirdly, that society in the domestic life belongs to the order of nature, and, iherefore, belongs to the State; that their house- . _ holds and families are under the authority of the civil government in this sense—that the civil go vernment has a right to determine the question of marriage and divorce, and also to determine the nature of the education of their children. Now, in order to show clearly why the Roman Pontiff—that is, the whole Church of God, for it is all contained in him, and where the head acts all act with him— onght not to conform himself to Liberalism, and pr-'gress, and modern civilisation, it would be neces sary to describe in outline what were the two so- cieties that now s:ood face to face—the civil society and ►he Christian society of the world. The civil society or civil power was a thing sacred in itself. It came from God. It had God for its author, and it must be treated with great veneration. It was nothing but authority, obedience, and equality— the three laws of the human family—which began as the first household family—the parental autho rity, the filial obedience, the fraternal equality. These three laws existed in human society. God was the author of them, and when families multi- plied and combined into races, nations, and States, these three laws, which were domestic and private in the beginning, assumed the public and recog- nised character of what they called constitutions and kingdoms, from which came monarchies, em pires, and civil order all over the world. So that the sovereign authority which governed mankind w as derived not from the consent of men, bargaining, and bargaining, and transacting and compromising together as it were in a market, but as directed from God himself, immediately given to human society. But the particular form in which society may be cast, and the particular person or prince, be it one or many, who bear the sovereign power, come not immediately from God, but mediately from society. It was of this that St. Paul spoke when be said, " Let every soul be subject to the higher powers," though he was then speaking of a heathen Emperor. " For every power is of God. All powers are ordained of God. He that resisteth the power resisteth the ordinance of God, and he that resisteth shall receive to himself damnation." St. holy Rosary was being recited in ten thousand Paul says this of the civil society of the world, the centres and in the streets of thousands of cities that political order of the world—of the Roman Empire, the two great victories were gained. But there persecuting and pagan, such as it then was. was another Antichrist and another-menacing do- Within the sphere, then, of human society there minion pressing upon the Christian world, in the are human authorities capable of making human face of which the Church and the Pontiff still laws ; but, as water cannot rise above its source, stood. For 300 years a power. vigorous, subtle, the natural society of the world cannot rise so high oraanized, and menacing had hung round about the as to make laws in matters of conscience, or in unity of the Church, or indeed had found its en- matters of faith or religion. These things belong trance within it, in the subtle form of intellectual to God. They do not belong to man. They do error, against which the Roman. Pontiff stands not belong to human society. The other society is now as he stood then. These intellectual errors the Christian society of the world, and the origin reached to the vary basis of Christian society ; of that Christian society is the person of our Lord they undermined the foundations of the Christian Jesus Christ himself, who, when he came into the world, and against them the Sovereign Pontiff at world, assembled his apostles and disciples around this hour opposed himself, as St. Pius V. did 300 him, instructed them, conformed them to his own years ago, and had dealt a blow which had been mind and will, and gave them laws and authority. felt throughout the whole Christian world, by those H e gave them that one faith by which alone we are who believed for their strength and consolation, and united—that one supreme jurisdiction upon which by those who would not believe for their scandal His Church on earth was founded and governed. and dismay. And what was that blow but that on He constituted in the world his own kingdom. He which he proposed now to speak—he meant the Kingdom ascended to his invisible throne in the of Syllabus? In order to be perfectly intelligible, if he God ; but He left on earth His vicar and represen could, he would narrate the meaning of the word tative—one who should be the depository and the and the origin from which it came. In the year executor of His supreme power over the Christian 1864, and on the Bth day of December—the feast society which He founded, who should be for ever of the Immaculate Conception—the Holy Father the supreme and final interpreter of the faith, the published two documents, the one called an Ency- supreme and final expositor of his law ; and that clical or circular letter, addressed to all patriarchs, ' society, one in its origin, one in its faith, one in primates, archbishops, end bishops throughout the its jurisdiction, one in its identity throughout the whole Christian world; the other called the Sylla- world, uniting all nations in one family, we call bus. Now, the word " Syllabus" simply meant a the Holy Catholic Church. There then world collection or gathering together of certain propo- be those two great societies to the end of the world sitious which, in the 18 years of his Pontificate, he —the one natural, the other supernatural ; the had already published. During the 18 years pre- one human, the other divine. The human and the ceding, he had in numerousdocuments and numerous natural society perfect and complete within its own acts condemned a multitude of the intellectual errors sphere and limit, but imperfect and incomplete, of the day,and the Syllabus was nothing more than a and that in a high degree, as regards the true per collection from all the documents and acts of the fection of man and his destiny hereafter. It was 18 preceding years of those errors which he had the will of God that these two societies should be already condemned. That Syllabus contained 80 so united as in their action to become one. Just errors, with their condemnation, and a reference to as man is perfect iu his own nature, though fallen those formal acts and documents in which their by original sin, and needs to be elevated to a super condemnation had been already made. Now, these natural order by regeneration and grace, remaining 80 errors were partly in matters of faith, partly in the same individual, but receiving a perfection matters of morals, in both of which, as they knew, above his nature, so it is with the natural society of the Catholic Church, and the head of the Catholic the world ; and when the Church of God, like the Church also by Divine assistance, were infallible-- heavenly society coming down from heaven, perfect that is, they were the ultimate interpreters of the in its beauty, symmetry, splendour, and unity, de faith, and the ultimate expositors of the law of God, scended cn the face of the world, it took up into and that not by the light of human learning only, itself all the elements of human society that were but by the light of Divine assistance, which secured pure and true, and incorporated them with itself. from error. Under morals were also included a But before this work was done the Roman empire, number of afore relating to the political state of which was spread over the whole face of the world the world ; and he believed if the Holy Father Ea 1 at the coming of our Divine Saviour, was destroyed confined himself simply to faith and to morality in off the face of the earth. The nations it had sub the ordinary personal sense of the word very little dued and held in its iron hand revolted against it. would have been heard of the Syllabus. But under They came up with their legions and their armies, the head of morals he had—for his duty demanded and they tore it province from province ; finally it of him as the universal teacher of the Christian they devastated and desolated Italy. Last of all world, as the pastor of the universal flock—pointed they sacked and ruined Rome ; the whole material out and condemned all those errors in political structure and fabric of that great empire, thegreatest philosophy which lay at the root of morals. There- and most perfect human society the world has ever fore the world had been in uproar. Whole nations seen, was completely crushed, crumbled, pulverized, had declared that the Syllabus laid the axe at the and swept away, as it were, before the winds of root of their political society ; but if it did so, so heaven. Then the Christian world that now exists much the worse for those nations, for it must be rose into existence. It was the Christian Church constituted on an anti-Christian basis. Now, he which created the Christian world. It bad a double might be asked why should the Holy Father touch mission ; for the Christian Church has a mission on any matter of politics at all? For this plain first to individuals, and then to society—first to reason—because politics were a part of morals. convert and save the soul, and next to consecrate What the moral law in the Ten Commandments and elevate the political society of the world. As was to the individual, politics were to society. Christianity spread from household to household, Politics were no more than the morals of society— these households became types and patterns of the collective morality of Christian men united Christian society. As they became Christians they together under social law. They might as well were combined together under Christian laws. As find fault with him for instructing or censuring a kingdoms arose from age to age they were bound penitent in the confessional, or for correcting together under the supreme unity of jurisdiction and condemning the errors of the congregation, and in the light of the one faith. The Christian as censure the Holy Father for extending those world, as we know it, now came into existence. condemnations from the errors which affected the What, then, was the foundation of the Christian private lives of men to those which afftcted the world ? The one faith, one baptism, the Christian public life of Christian society. Politics were no- sacrament of matrimony, the supreme jurisdiction thing but morals on the widest scale. Now, to make of the head of the Christian Church, these four ele clear what was the matter of the Syllabus, he would say it contained ten chapters. The fi rs t f our cha means were the creatures of the Chri s ti an wor l d. p- The Roman Empire, which fell and was swept ters were on Atheism, Pantheism, Rationalism, away, fell not more by the external violence which Socialism, and Communism. These were uncouth was brought to bear upon it than from the internal terms, but they described uncouth things. The corruption, intellectual and moral, which ate away next three chapters were—first, on the errors affect- its vitality within and turned it from end to end ing the constitution of the Christian Church ; the into a mass of intellectual and moral ruin. It would next on the errors affecting the constitution of the be out of place, and I have not time, to give you Christian State ; and the third on the errors affect- proofs of what I say f art h er than th i s—l would ask ing the r e l a ti ons o f the Christian Church to the any one to take any com mon hi s t ory, an d rea d t h e Christian St a t e . T he eighth chapter related to domestic life of the R omans i n the Augustine, matrimony, th e sacrament of matrimony and mar- the golden period, as it i s ca l led. The state riage ; the ninth t o t h e Roman Pontiff and his a jurisdiction ; and th e t enth to Liberalism, progress, of personal and domestic morals presents a picture of incredible:and unima g i na bl e h orrors under and modern civilisati on . H e would take only one the roof of every family. W e find th a t a f at h er error thus condemn e d, and that because it would contain in itself a complete and perfect treatment claimed and exercised the right of life and death in outline of ail that went before. The last error over his children and slaves; and if such was the private life of men, if such was the state of th e i r con demned was this—it had b een asserted that the Roman Pontiff can if he will, an d ought therefore, o homes, what was the state of the Commonwealth— f that great empire in its public morality ? The to reconcile himself and to conform hi mse lf to Libe ralism, progress, and modern civili sa ti on. He con- human imagination cannot conceive,without the fact before it, to what an extent of intense moral cor demned that error, which wins to say th a t t h e ruption that natural society of the world had fallen. Roman Pontiff ought not and cannot reconcil e nor - conform himself to Liberalism, progress, and mo- I:he Chri s ti an soc i e t y o f th e wor ld c ame as th e pu dern civilisation. A bold error ! A bold fulmina rifler and the correc ti ve o f th e ev il s o f p ersona l an d tion ! Like the two fleets drawn up on the waters domestic domestic morality,morality and purifying the personal and at the battle of Trafalgar face to face. There wasit purified the public morality a largeproposition of error and its condemnation and life of na ti ons. And this was brought about boldfait p h fu p, l, and authoritative by the head of the by the faith an d k nowledge of God and the laws of Christian Church that he cannot ought not, and God—by the sa crament of matrimony—the union , of the husband and wife restored to it s rimitive , , authority, will not co n fo rm himself to this world in its meta - p bilities and its c h anges . That was the subject which unity and hs indi ss.o l u b le contract by the the supremo authority, o f t h e Christian Church— he :-elected, and to ma k e th e matter clear he told that pastoral authority wh ere b y men are restrained tint m w hit nas contained in the Encyc:ical at- by law and by order, and thus elevating the society tached to which wes the Syllabus describing the of the world into the Christi an world, nature of the modern eiriii3ation, to the progress Bat then came a great conflict; the natural so of which the Roman Pontiff was invited to conform ciety of the world strove to destroy the Church of himself. One proposition was this—the political so- Christ out of the earth. Three hundred years of ciety of men ought to be constituted entirely on the ' persecution followed, and the Christian society foundation of nature, without any regard to religion, gained little by little its ascendant over the minds or at least in perfect indifference to all religion. Sc- and wills of men, until the world was weary of condly, that an unbou n d e d an d un li mited freedom is persecution and the Church entered upork peace. possessed by every man not only to work as he likes, I rHE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 5, 1869. From that time onwards the natural and super- natural societies of the world have been at least in a state of mutiny together down to a time he would hereafter mark, until they saw Christendom or Christian Europe in a state in which the spiritual and civil powers and authorities stood side by side, with many jars and contentions indeed, but never theless with public laws, and mutual relations, and duties acting in co-operation together, so that the natural society of the world, which taught the un limited lawfulness of divorce, was taught the ab solute indissolubility of Christian mat riage —the natural society which taught that fathers bad power of life and death over their children was taught that hose children were the children of God—theirs in ;he order of nature, but theirs not in the order of grace, heirs of the kingdom of Heaven, wards com mitted to their guardianship, whom they were bound tobringup in the nurture of God and the knowledge of his Son Jesus Christ. They were taught also the duty of mutual charity one to another. The law was authority and equality as taught in its perfec tion in the Christian Church under the supreme authority of one head. That was the state of the Christian world when these two societies were in unity together—when every member of the Sate was a member of the Church, when every law of the State was in conformity with the laws of the Church, when the laws of Christianity were in- scribed as part of the laws of the land, when men believed that human soziety had not its perfection in being founded on the order of nature only, to the exclusion of religion or indifference of religion, but when it was founded on the one only religion re- vealed by Almighty God, the one only basis of life eternal. Then was the time when the natural and supernatural societies were united together, and acted in mutual cooperation. And now he came to that date to which he before referred—three hundred years ago. Germany and England and the North of Europe separated themselves from the Christian Church. They broke the bonds of union and renounced its supreme autho rity ; they constituted themselves independent, upon the basis of their own natural authority, and they went their way ; and what that way was he would endeavour to trace. There were three things in that division. The first was a schism. The second was a rejection of the Divine authority of the Church, and the third was the setting in motion of that which men now called progress, the un limited, unguided, and licentious action of the human intellect and of the human will without law and without guide. Looking at the condition of Germany they were told the other day it was a question whether four-fifths or three-fourths did not believe in Christianity. He would not deter mine the propor tion. And looking to England, divided, subdivided, parcelled out into he knew not how many sects and denominations, each interpret ing the Bible fur himself because the supreme authority of the Church had been rejected. In every country that had separated itself from the unity of the Church 300 years ago the sacrament of Christian matrimony was rejected by the public laws. The indissolubility of Christian marriage was destroyed and the law of divorce was intro duced. The foundation of the natural order of the family itself was brokea up. Wheresoever divorce enured the authority of parents, the obedience of children, and the equality of the family were shorn, if not destroyed. What the effect of that change had been he would leave those to say who bad the daily reports of the tribunal where such cases were tried before their eyes. Then it was also announced as a principle that national education must be without religion—that the edu cation of children belonged to the State. Within the last few months he had seen it again and again declared in those authoritative newspapers which represented public opinion to a great, but he hoped not to the full extent, that it was not for fathers and mothers to determine how their children should be educated; that must be determines by the supreme authority of the State. They were told that in the matter of religion it was indifferent whether men agreed--it might be geed if they could, but the State had nothing to do with it, and every man bad a perfect, unfettered,unlimited freedom, not only of thinking as he likes, for the State had no right over his thoughts, but to speak as he likes, and to sow with both hands broadcast errors, heresies, im pieties, and blasphemies where he will ; and there is no authority on earth to restrain the sJwing of that seed of universal desolation, immorality, and unbelief, and rob posterity, children unborn, of their inheritance of truth and salvation, and all to gratify the unlimited liberty and the supreme free dom of each individual man. If ever there was a spirit of revolt against God it was this ; and yet it was inscribed in the public laws of what was called modern civilization. He would explain the mean ing of Liberalism, progress, and modern civilisation. Liberality meant the giving to every man his due, and giving of our own freely for his good ; Libera lism meant giving to another that which did not be long to ourselves. The truth of God, and the laws of God, and the rights of parents—these belonged to no man, and to give them away was an impiety. What, then, was the meaning of progress ? A de parture from the union of national order and na tional laws of States with the supernatural order which the law of God had revealed in Christianity. What, then, was the meaning of modern civilisa tion ? The state of political society founded upon divorce, secular education, infinite divisions, and contradictions in matters of religion, and the absolute renunciation of the Supreme autho rity of the Christian Church. Could it, then, be matter of wonder th It when the Roman Pon iff published the Syllabus all those who were in love with modern civilisation should have risen in up roar against it ? Or could it be wondered that when the world, with great courtesy sometimes, with great superciliousness at another time, and great menace always, invites the Roman Pontiff to reconcile himself to Liberalism, progress, and mo dern civilisation, he should say, " No ; I will not, and I cannot. Your progress means divorce ; I maintain Christian marriage. Your progress means secular education ; I maintain that education is in trinsically and necessarily Christian. You main tain that it is a good thing that men should think as they like, talk as they like, preach as they like, and propagate what errors they please. I say that is sowing error broadcast over the world. You say I have no authority over the Christian world, that I am not the vicar of the Good Shepherd, that I am not the supreme interpreter of the Christian Faith. I am all these. You ask me to abdi cate, to renounce my supreme authority. You tell me I ought to submit to the civil power, that I am the subject of the Ring of Italy, and from him I am to receive instructions as to the way I should exercise the civil power. I say I am liberated from all civil subjection, that my Lord made me the subject of no one on earth, king or otherwise, that in His right I am sovereign. I acknowledge no civil superior, I am the subject of no Prince, and I claim more than this—l claim to be the Supreme Judge and director of the con sciences of men—of the peasant that tills the field and the prince that sits on the throne—of the house hold that lives in the shade of privacy, and the Legislature that makes laws for kingdoms—l am the sole last Supreme Judge of what is right and wrong. Your progress is departure from Christian civilisation—in that path you may Wave many com panions, but me you will not find." The Sove reign Pontiff even in that Syllabus has invited these who are wandering from Christian civilisation to what they call modern civilisation to return again —to come back to Christian merrily., Christian education, Christian unity of faith and worship, and Christian submission to him who is the pastor of pastors. This wag the meaning of the Syllabus. I know you who are my own flock respond with your hearts to what I have said ; but I am speaking to many who are not members of my frein flock, and I put it to you with that integAty, uprightness, and honour, and strong, vigorous good sense, and clear conscience, and the desire to do right, longing to know the truth and willing to follow it, whether I have indulged t o -d ay in words of asperity or of t t n o • reason, and wh e th er 1 bave not pleaded calmly fo r the laws of th e Ch r ' ,, , ti an world. Do you not your selves long for th e Igc9nciling of divisions, so that we may once more be one together, and have no more contentions and divisions. The Syllabus is no offence ; it is the word of truth, of charity, the word of the Chief Christian Pastor speaking to the Chris tian world. And now one word by way of illustration as to the state of Rome and of London. Rome is the proof of the supernatural society of which I have spoken. Long years of residence in Rome and an in timate knowledge of it, still longer years of residence in London and a more complete intimacy with the metropolis of my own country, enable me to declare that in point of piety, of morality, of public order, of true civilisation, which makes charity, courtesy, justice, and goodwill between man and man, Rome is incomparably beyond London. Lon don, with 2,500,000 of men, of whom two-thirds never set their feet in a place of Christian worship —2,500,000 men of whom I know not how many have never received the sacrament of Christian baptism ; 2,500,000 men of whom I know not how many have never sanctified their life by Christian marriage—this is a subject too deep and too large; I cannot enter upon it ; and I end with these words. There is but one name given under heaven whereby we can be saved—namely, Jesus Christ--one faith, ono baptism for the remission of sins, one fold under one shepherd ; and there is one Chief Pastor who represents him, the Vicar of Jesus Christ, of whose supreme authoritative declarations I have spoken to you to-day. THE SOCIAL SCIENCE CONGRESS. BRISTOL, MONDAY. There was a full attendance at the Cathedral yesterday morning, when the Rev. Canon Girdlestone preached an exceedingly original sermon, in which he pointed out the harmony existing between the teachings inculcated by Christ when upon earth, and the objects sought to be attained through the medium of social science. Two objects of special interest have engaged the attention of the Congress to-day. The one was the Land Question, and the other the Condition of the Agricultural Labourer. The latter carried off the palm, and attracted a large number of members and associates to the Economy and Trade Department, where it was discussed. At the soirée this evening in the Victoria Rooms, an address will be delivered by Miss Carpenter on Female Education in India. Those who are curious to hear Professor Newman will have an opportunity of doing so to-night, as he is announced to take part in a meeting organised by the advocates of the Permissive Bill, at which several of the other members of the Congress will speak, the Yen. Archdeacon of Coventry presiding. . _ It being found impossible to ensure a return from the Chepstow Castle and Tintern Abbey excursion in time for the visitors here to avail themselves of their return tickets which are of use only up to Thursday, an alteration has been made in the original programme. The excursion will come off on Wednesday, the concluding meeting of mem bers and associates being held at half-past four to-morrow afternoon. By a clerical error, a paper on emigration, read on Fri day, was ascribed to Mr McCullagh Torrens, instead of to Mr. Robert Torrens i TM,P., who presided over the Economy and Trade Department. 1712. Prior to the passing of the Act of 1868, 44 per cent. per annum of men in the Royal Navy suffered from contagious diseases and the returns for twelve months ending March 31, 1866, including not only men in the navy, but the army and marines showed a percentage of 19.529 only. The return of the past twelve months end ing June 1869 show that out of an average strength for the year of 10,650 men, the admissions to the hospital of men affected were 13 - 00 per cent. ; and out of this only 916 per cent. contracted the disease in Devon port ; and, in comparison with Portsmouth, Aldershot, and Chatham, Devonport stands much the lowest. As the disease has decreased among men in the garrison, so the vacant beds at . the Royal Albert Hospital have increased. These results, though good, are capable of improvement, as the periodical examination of women was as yet carried out very defectively. There are 770 known prostitutes in Devonport,:and deduct ing thd 120 in the hospital, there should be 325 brought up every week for their fortnightly examination ; but from the returns it seems that only 182 attended for examina tion on an average per week. Referring to the supervision of the police, Mr. Swain thought that if the Act was ex tended to civil towns a visiting surgeon would be the best controller. It is sought to vest in the surgeon at Devonport the power to interfere with the treatment of a woman after entering the hospital ; but against this the writer of the paper strongly protests, as it would confer on the surgeon the office of prosecutor, judge, and jailer. As to the effect of the Act on the women, Mr. Swain thinks it has rendered them more orderly and quiet in their de meanour, and the hospital has a humanising effect upon a woman's mind. From April Ist to September 30th, this year, 19 have been sent to reformatories, 12 have gone to their homes, 1 has been married ; total, 32 reclaimed. A discussion, from which ladies were excluded, took place on the question whether the provisions of the Con tagious Diseases' Act should be applied to the civil popu lation. Several advocates were heard on each side. TIM AGRICULTURAL LABOURER The Economy and Trade Department proved very attrac tive, for there the question, How may the condition of the agricultural labourer be improved? was made the subject of discussion. The ball was opened by Canon Girdlestone, who recommended, as an immediate though only tempo rary measure of relief, migration from parts of the country where wages were low to those where they were high, and emigration to the colonies. He had himself proved the success of this on a considerable scale. It would be well if penny London and provincial papers and other periodicals would from time to time publish rates of wages in different counties and the colonies, or if a labourer's monthly paper could be established, giving this and all other useful information to the peasantry. Secondly, the Rev. Canon recommended as a more per manent means of improvement, education in state-inspected schools to the extent of reading with facility, and fluency, and intelligently ; writing not merely his own name but a tidy letter to his relations ; and as much accounts as would enable him to make out a bill ; in short, the acquisition of the power of self-improvement before he is set to work in the fields. He advocated education not only for boys, but for girls as the future mothers of families, and a measure of either direct or indirect compulsion. Thirdly, he mentioned a better administration of the Poor Law, and said that if there had been no Poor Law, there would have been less pauperism. A constitution of boards of guardians of such a sort as would not, as now, practically leave in rural districts the chief power in the hands of farmers, who were always inclined to supplement wages out of poor rate. The choice of relieving officers, masters and matrons of workhouses, and the like, should be left with a central or county, rather than, as now, with a local board, and that there should be a better classification of paupers. Parish doctors should be fairly paid for their attendance on paupers, and all drugs and other appliances should be provided by the parish or union. Good cottages and gardens, and an allotment for a cow in some instances, should be given as a special encourage ment to the most deserving labourers on the farms, and a present of milk daily to every labourer in proportion to the size of his family. Now that waste lands and commons were enclosed, that most valuable article of food was not to be had upon any terms. Wages should no longer be paid partly in beer or cider ; the rate of remuneration should be graduated, instead of uniform as at present, and piece-work should be carried out as far as possible. Co-operative stores would be valuable as a means of rescuing the labourer from shops. Rents might be advantageously lowered where too high. Canon Girdlestone proved that, even on money grounds, it was better for the farmer to have his labourers like his horses, in good condition. It was quite true that town populations were often in a most miserable state ; but surely that was no reason why those connected with the agricultural labourer should shirk their responsibilities. The paper of Sir Baldwin Leighton, on the same sub ject, commenced by stating that the writer had examined the register of the inmates of a union in a part of Devonshire, in which he was at one time resident. The population amounted to about 6,000, one-half urban and the other half rural. To his surprise, he found, out - of 100 adult males, 34 only had been agriculturists, and of those, three had held farms, while 48 had been inhabitants of the towns. The remainder were deaf and dumb, imbeciles, and young men disabled by sickness or accident. That return, it was argued, proved that in a county where the wages of the agricultural labourer were low, the rural population did not appear to be in such a pauperised condition as the dwellers in towns. Another case of a union in the Midland district was cited. In June 1869 there were forty male adults in the workhouse, and about the same number reciving out-relief, or, in other words, the male adult pan peiism was about 4 per 1,000 of the population. This was a striking contrast to the condition of things in the unions of the metropolis. The author then proceeded to ask how it was that, if the condition of the agricultural labourer was as wretched as some would argue, the annual death rate in most of the large towns varied from twenty to thirty per 1,000, while, with few exceptions, in rural districts it was under twenty per 1,000. This proved that the health of the labourer was superior to that of townsmen. Sir Bald win, to improve the condition, of the labourer, would first of all give him the opportunity of renting a good cottage. Great improvement had taken place in that respect in most parts of the country, and it would, it was suggested, assist much as an inducement to good conduct and the well-being of the labourer, if on every considerable estate there were some cottages with land attached sufficient for the keep of one or two cows, say from three to six acres according to the quality of the land, In two parishes with which the writer of the paper was acquainted out of 100 cottagers forty-three kept cows, which formed a source of considerable profit. It was also urged that it was very desirable for the improvement of the agricultural labourer that there should be a certain fixture of tenure on a pro perty, that as long as a labourer conducted himself well, brought up his family properly, paid his rent regularly, and kept his place tidy, he should be nearly sure that he might, if he liked, remain as a tenant for life, and might look forward to one of his children succeeding him. The advantages of education, clothing clubs, coal clubs, and similar institu tions were then discussed, and the fact that a great im provement in the condition of the agricultural labourer of late years having been insisted upon, the paper concluded by saying that the actual tilling of the soil would always be one of the employments which in England would re ceive the lowest amount of remuneration, and would, there fore, be reserved for the lower classes. There was no reason however, why the members of that class conducting them selves well should not enjoy as large an amount of happi ness—if, indeed, not a larger amount—than the dwellers in towns. There was a third paper by Sir Edward Strachey, which specially insisted on better education for the agricultural labourer. An animated discussion followed the reading of these papers. Mr. Botley argued that the land should bear a due share of the expense of the education which was so needful for the improvement of the agricultural labourer. His position ought also to be ameliorated by good dwellings and by enabling him to acquire an interest in the land. Farmers should be compelled to provide good cottages and gardens. Mr. Pepper, a tenant farmer from the East of England, disputed the accuracy of Canon Girdlestone's statements. The average amount earned for the support of families in the eastern counties was 17s. per weok. He insisted that Canon Girdlestone ought not to have represented to the working men's meeting that the condition of the agricultural labourer was so bad. Mr. Pepper was indulging in some strong remarks on the rev. gentleman when he was called to order by one of the audience. He then suggested that the half-time system should be adopted in rural districts for boys under fourteen, and recommended that a chance of acquiring land be afforded to the labourer..—Dr.Rigg was convinced that the only way to improve the condition of the farm servant was to give him a chance of acquiring land. Mr. Saunders, recorder of Bath, said that the simple remedy was for farmers to pay better wages. If they could not do this with their present rents these must be lowered. Sir John Bowring bore testimony to the diligence of Canon Girdlestone's researches and the accuracy of his statements. The discussion on this subject was broken off in order to hear a paper by Miss Florence Hill on the difference between the farming out and boarding out of workhouse children. REMEDIES FOR INTEMPERANCE. Mr. Thomas Beggs read a paper on the remedies for intemperance which lie within the range of voluntary effort, mentioning some of the evils which result from intemperance, and in particular the enormous waste of money—£3o,ooo,ooo a year in intoxicating drinks. Mr. Beggs said it was a common fallacy that a community could not be impoverished by an expenditure going on amongst themselves. All expenditure is unprofitable which Isms no tangible and valuable result, as large armaments encourage labour, but lead to general impoverishment. The expenditure on intoxicating drinks produces pauperism and crime, which must add at least £10,000,000 per annum to the debit • side of the account. In treating of intoxicating drinks, we have an exceptional article. Alcohol commits the same devastation in the Western world that opium inflicts in the East, and must be ranked with that deadly drug. Th e essential danger of alcoholic d r i n k s i s th a t th ey have' a tendency to feed the appetite they gratify, and all drunkards recollect a time when a sm a ll quan tit y wou ld sa tisfy, but they scarcely remember how a strict moderation grew to excess. The question we must ask ourselves is this—Can the liquor which is capable of producing drunkenness be a suitable article for daily use ? Drunkenness must be regarded as a disease rather than a vice, and with our present knowledge on the subject of intemperance, it would seem as reasonable to expect to preach away typhus or cholera as to preach away drunkenness. In the one case we must clear our pestilential districts, and in the other we must teach the people the true nature of intoxi cating drinks, and remove the facilities for indulgence. 111-health is the enemy of morals, as foul air is the enemy of health. Attention to intempe rance is by no means all that is wanted in the great work of social reform; but it is that without which all our other efforts will be in vain. It is with the drink that we have in the first place to deal. A sound knowledge as to the properties of intoxicating drinks would correct the mischievous practice of medical men in prescribing alcoholic stimulants, and it would suggest to all classes that it would be better to dissociate meetings for business or amusement from the use of intoxicants. It would strengthen the effort to lessen the number of public-houses and to restrict those which are left. The disuse by the educated and religious classes of strong drinks as an article of enter tainment would be more effectual than anything in subduing our national intemperance. Its evils are so firmly rooted that no indirect action will suffice. It would be desirable that an inquiry should be conducted by a body of scientific men upon the nature and properties of intoxicating liquors. In order to realise the subject fully it is necessary to explore the under-currents of society, where so much vice and misery exist, and to reflect t hat those evils are descend ing to unborn generations by the operation of nets a law in their which is as unfailing as that w hich kee p s the pla course. This paper, which Wag ivaa a subdivision of the Trade in and Economy Department?vivol the subject a a brief dis- cession. To-morrow will, however, witness the great debate on the drink traffic. Professor Newman will read a paper. REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. The results of the Industrial Schools and Reformatory Schools Acts was the subject under discussion in the Reformatory and Repression of Crime Sections. A paper by Miss Carpenter gave an account of the Red Lodge Reformatory, which was the first for girls certified in the kingdom. " The girls admitted to the Institution must be under 14 years of age, and are classified in different dormitories according to age. They are also arranged in two divisions—the schoolroom and the laundry and house girls. Of whatever age, they are all first put into the schoolroom, being generally in a state of extreme ignorance. Here they have the ordinary course of instruction of a good day school, and are taught needlework and knitting, and some house-work ; they have also active out-door exercise. The elder girls have separate instruction, and spend most of the day at washing, cooking, and other housework. Records are kept of the conduct of each, and her character watched ; but in order to fit and test each for the greater liberty she will have on entering the world, a small house adjoining is provided, where ten girls at a time are placed under a matron, with additional privileges and more liberty. If the girl's conduct here is satisfactory she is put out to service on license, kind watchfulness being still kept over her. The Government requires an annual report of each girl for three years after her discharge." It was en couraging to find that out of seventy girls discharged in the four years ending 1865 only one had been again in prison, and sixty were maintaining themselves in respectability. Some were married. " Public opinion is changing, and where it formerly was extremely difficult to place our girls out at service, there has now been for some years a greater demand for them as servants than we could supply. Again, the nature of juvenile crime is changed; at the beginning of the reformatory work we frequently had girls who had been four, five, or even eight times in prison, and thus became hardened with punishment. It is now, however, rare to have a girl sent on even a second conviction." HEALTH AND VACCINATION. Dr. Symonds, in his address as President of the Health Department, dwelt at some length upon the necessity for efficient machinery and a greater number of workers, if hygienic improvements were to be carried out to any ade quate extent. The men employed must be men accom plished in the sciences belonging to the department over which he presided, and also men who had received a thoroughly practical training. " They must be above the control, and independent of the appointment of local boards, for there must be neither favour nor fear in their relations with local authorities and with local possessors of property. If they are thought to strain their power, and to encroach too much on public finances, that is on local rates and taxes, let them be amenable to censure and restraint from the hands of the national administration. It is extremely difficult for locally appointed inspectors and local boards to do their duty when they have to deal with the dwellings of the poor. They come into conflict with individual interests, often with the interests of persons powerfully influential in the locality. But there are a vast number of subjects that would fall under the care and control of such state officers, who would have no other duties to perform than those which belong to their special office." The President, after glancing at the representa tions that had been made to her Majesty's Government by the joint committee of the Social Science Associatiouond the British Medical Association for the appointment of a royal commission to inquire into the operation of the laws belonging to State medicine, which had been so far success ful that the commission had been appointed, though its operations were limited to the provinces of England, con tinued thus : "It cannot be said that the public does not altogether need to be instructed or roused to a sense of its wants and its dangers, when we read in some of the journals that it is highly doubtful whether vac cination should be compulsory, and that vaccination is little better than a fancy or theory of the medical profes sion. It would seem that a semi-panic has been excited by a report that cases have occurred in which there was reason for suspecting that the virus of disgusting and deteriorating disease had been diffused by vaccination. Even were it admitted that a constitutional fault, inherited from vicious parentage, can be communicated through the vaccine lymph, still all that we have to be anxious about is the selection of proper sources of the lymph. We do not leave off eating bread because bread is sometimes adulte rated. And as to the infraction of the liberty of the subject by compulsory vaccination, it must be borne in mind that our object in forcing vaccination upon parents is not so much that their offspring should be preserved from smallpox as that their children may not become the contaminators of their neighbours, and perhaps of the whole community. I have just read a report of a quite recent discussion in the French Academy of Medicine of this fear of contamination from cowpox, ; and I am glad to say that the result was enormously preponderant against the alarmists. And so I trust that compulsory vaccination will not give an inch to this foolish and petulant opposition." At its close the address of the President noted that much confusion and darkness pre vailed in the work which the Department of Health under took ; but there was no reason to doubt that in all honest scientific inquiries and strenuous endeavours to act the great forces of nature, would be brought to act on the side of human wants, and that the seeming hostilities would be limited and subdued by human will. "As regards health, men as they become better instructed in the composition, and physics, and chemistry of their bodies, and in the relation of corporeal processes to the powers of nature, will take more heed to all that comes under hygienic culture, and they will learn far more than we in this age can know; for our inquiries, as I have just remarked, are only on the threshold. It requires strong faith, however, in the ultimate triumph of good if we ven ture to hope that the causes of hereditary diseases will de cline and die out, that new triodes of living, and new political and social developments will eventuate in the growth of stronger and higher human types, which types will become dominant, and either transmit robuster and sounder frames and more powerful faculties, or at least become the objects of that passive imitation, which has been believed even in historic times, to have insensibly moulded nations into finer forms, with grander aims and larger capacities. One of the strangest and saddest of the necessities of our present degree of civilisationwill,long before such a state of thisigs have fallen into desuetude • for we must call it a necessity in the present state of the world, with its present ways and opinions and practices : I mean that which fills the columns of newspapers with experiments on explosive compounds, that have no other object than the destruc tion or mutilation of that which this Association takes under its special thought and care. That there should have been coeval with this society such institutions, for example, as the Ordnance and the Admiralty, will seem in other ages an unintelligible anomaly. Nearly two thousand years ago it was said si foret in terris rideret Democritus, but how inextinguishable would be the laughter of that resuscitated sage if, after we had commandad his reverent and admiring attention to an exposition of the religion of the Sermon on the Mount, and after we had assured him that this religion had been publicly professed in these realms for more than a thousand years, we should then take him on one of our grand days to Shoeburyness ! Let us hope that the removal of this woe and disgrace of nationalities may pass away even faster than can grow the developments of our race, and the abatements of the evils which press us down, and call for the efforts of this present society." Many ages, doubtless, must elapse before such changes were devel o p e d. " But," added the president," it is in the nature of civilisation, unless checked by cataclysmal events, to advance in geometric ratio. And at all events we cannot suppose that our earth will have lost her heat or our sun have ceased to burn, before man has experienced and enjoyed the perfect evo lution of all those capabilities and faculties with which his Maker has endowed him ; before all that is now only potential and latent has come out into form and action. Towards such a consummation the work of this society is tending. Its success may be but sm all, and that g lorious end may be neve r reac h e d ; but we may take heart and comfort from the knowledge that its immediate operations are helping to increase the amount of happiness and moral good in the world, and to take away some of its evil and its suffering. And so aiming, and so working,we may devoutly say—God speed it." Dr. Symonds's address was listened to with great in terest, and a cordial vote o f thanks was passed, on the motion of Sir Edward Strachey, who presided in the absence of Sir Stafford Northeoto' THE CONTAGIOUS DISEASES ACT. Mr W. P. Swain, MJT.C.S., of Devonporb, read a paper on the working of the Contagious Diseases Act in that town. He thought thn Act of last Ei east oTi bore on the face of it hasty legislation. Section 3 provided that if any woman who comes for examination was in such a condition that the surgeon could not propeflY examine her, and if he sus pected her of having a contagious diseaa, the W" 1 " - Was 114 1 310 to be detained in a certified hospital for five days, until the surgeon could make his inspection. This Mr. Swain objects to, thinking that by this clause a woman is liable to be deprived of her liberty on police information. As for dealing with drunken women, the provision only met half the evil. 'When coming up for esattaination they drink not sufficient to make them intoxicated ; but when found diseased they are sent to the hospital—without escort—and get drunk on the way. This difficulty could be obviated by the police seeing all women to the hospital, and they ought to be delivered in a sober condition at that institution. On the Ist December, 1363, the Lock ward of the Albert Hospital, Devon p ort, was o p ened with 25 beds. in 1865 they were increased to 38, in 1866 to 62, and in 1868 to 162. Upwards of 3,500 cases have been treated up to the present time ; and one of the most important facts is that the percentage of syphilis cases has steadily diminished, Thus from December 3, 1863, to March 31, 1865, the per centage was 57'45 of the cases admitted, whilst from October 1,1868, to March 31,1§69, the percentage wag only LAND SUCCESSION. The special question in the Jurisprudenqp and Amend ment of the Law Department was, " What ought to be the principles regulating the ownership and occupation of land ?" Several papers were contributed. That by Mr. Sergeant Cox suggested that in cases of intestacy, land should pass as personalty now passes under the Statute of Distributions. Having the power to give it otherwise by his will, if the owner omits to make a will it may be reasonably presumed that he has preferred the provision made by the law. The learned serjeant likewise suggested a remedy for the difficulties attendant upOn the transfer of real property away from the power of charging land with oilier claims than those of the owner and occupier. He proposed to give an absolute power to any person entitled to the possession of real estate as owner, to discharge it from all incumbrances whatever at any time on payment of the full value, to be assessed by direction of the Court of Chancery, into court for the benefit of the persons entitled, whether present or prospec tive, together with all the costs attending the• process ; adopting, in fact, for all owners or purchasers the course now pursued with land taken for railways or public improvements. The Education Department had the Endowed Schools Act again under consideration. The Ladies Conference sat under the presidency of Lady Bowring. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. ELECTIONEERING ITEMS. The suggestion first made in the Star, that Mr. Stuart Mill should be invited to come forward as the Liberal candidate for the Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities, seems likely to be adopted. The Scot tish Universities Union, which is composed of MOM hers of the Scottish Universities resident chiefly in London, has promptly declared in favour of Mr. Mill. . The Union is composed largely of medical graduates, and. the last election shewed that its members form a very powerful element in the constituency. Mr. Mill's candidature was brought forward by Dr. Prosser James at a meeting last week, and at an adjourned meeting on Saturday it was resolved unanimously to invite Mr. Mill to come forward. On the other hand, the North British Mail states that at a meeting of the Liberal electors at Glasgow, it was resolved. to ask ➢ir. Smith, of Jordan hill, to allow himself to be nominated as candidate for the vacancy, and that he has expressed his willingness to accede to their request. Sir William Thomson, who was spoken of as a possible candidate, is among the supporters of Mr. Smith. Mr. Gordon has intimated. that he is ready to fight the contest in the Conservative interest. In the event of Dr. Lyon Playfair being appointed Master of the Mint, the Liberal London members of the Edinburgh and St. Andrew's Universities have already determined to bring forward Dr. Prosser James. This gentleman was a candidate last year, but retired. in order that the party' should not be divided. A Waterford paper announces the acceptance of the office of Commissioner of Fisheries by Mr. Blake, one of the members for the city, and his consequent re tirement from parliamentary life. MR. CAMPBELL, ➢i.P. The member for the Stirling Burghs has been delivering the customary review of parliamentary matters to his constituents. Mr. Campbell is very melancholy, as all light-minded Scotch members ought to be, over the fate of the Scotch Education Bill. Ile, however, draws an important lesson from the treatment which this unhappy measure exverienced in the House of Lords. There is to be an Education Bill next year. If the Liberal Government wishes it to be successful, they must introduce it in the Lower House. If it gets to the Upper it will, Mr. Campbell thinks, be so " transmogrified "—as, indeed, all mea sures are—that its authors will be unable to recognise it. The member for the Stirling Burghs suggests compulsory education —national, unsectarian, and supported by rates. He likewise believes in the eco nomical policy of the Government,, but would prefer retrenchment through uprooting jobbery, sinecures, and waste from high places to retrenchment through turning off a few clerks and workmen. THE ELECTION COMMISSIONS. The "Man in the Moon "—who turns out to be a London solicitor—has been examined at Bridgwater. He was formerly a clerk in that town, but left the place about twenty years ago. A Mr. Bealy Smith called upon him :just before the election of 1865, when Mr. Westropp opposed Messrs. Kinglake and Shelley. A Ir. Tromp asked for 200 guineas as his fee, which he obtained. Soon afterwards a lady paid him a visit, and it was arranged that £1,500 should be got together. The night before the polling it was clear to him that if the Conser v ati ve party meant to win, 200 would have to vote corruptly, and that it was impossible to do this with £1,500. Thereupon £5OO more was provided, making altogether £2,000, which was divided in £lO packets. This was all spent before nine o'clock in the morning. Just before Patton's first election the l a dy called upon Tromp again, bri▪ nging with her £l,OOO. He did not know that Mr. Patton was aware where the money came from. Mr. Smith told the witness afterwards that Mr. Patton declared that if he had known beforehand that Bri▪ dgwater was so bad, no thi n g would have induced him to contest the seat. The evidence given at Norwich is of an exceedinoiv mild character compared with the disclosures made at Bridgwater and Beverley. The voters in the cathedra city appear to . have been satisfied . with ss. or 10s. each, accompanied with . an unlimited supply of beer ; whilst the " free and mdependent " of the two other peccant boroughs valued their votes at 210 to £25 apiece, and one person at Bridgwater, tieing to the height of the occasion, made the modest demand of £BO. No new facts are being elicited at Norwich, the . Commissioners evidently having ex hausted the list of those bribed at the last election. THE VACANT BISHOPRICS. According to the Western Morning News of yester day, Prebendary Mackarness, rector 6f Honiton, Devon, on Friday accepted the Bishopric of Oxford, vacant through the translation of Dr. Wilberforce to the See of Winchester. It was offered to him on the previous day by Mr. Gladstone. The new Bishop of Oxford is a moderate Liberal belonging to the High Church school. Just at the present moment it may be of interest to glance at the enormous episcopal patronage enjoyed by Lord Palmerston during his nine years of office, namely, from 1855 to 1858, and from 1859 to 1865. During this time he made five archbishops and twenty bishops. The archbishops were—Canterbury, 1; York, 2 (Dr. Longley and Dr. Thomson); Armagh, 1; and Dublin, 1. The noble lord appointed three bishops to Durham (Dr. Longley, Dr. Villiers, and Dr. Baring); three to Gloucester and Bristol (Dr. Baring, Dr. Thomson, and Dr. Ellicott ; two to Carlisle (Dr. Villiers and Dr. Waldeg-rave ; two to Cork; and one each to London, Ey. Killaloe, Kilmer°, Norwich, Peterborough, Ripon, Rochester, Worcester, and Chester. Dr. Longley appeared to be a great favourite with Lord Palmer ston, he having first been transferred from the bishopric of Durham to the archbishopric of York, and then, on the death of Dr. Sumner ' to the Pri macy of All England. The episcopal appointments of Mr. Gladstone already number si. - K, viz., three by death (Salisbury, Exeter, and Carlisle), two by resignation (Winchester and Bath and Wells), and one by translation (Oxford). MR. DICKENS AT DITEMTNGIIA 3I . The remarkable epigram spoken by Mr. Dickens at Birmingham last week, has received different inter pretations. Tho popular novelist de ii cl i are in d h t i h s e p poli e t np ic l a e l creed to be as follows :---‘ My at governing is, o n the whole, infini f tesimal, My faith in the people governed, is, on the whole, illimitable." The Times asserts.,, ' . that the publics bosom friend has turned Tory, whilst the Saturday Review squeezes out of that single sentence the essence of b Radicalism, and me slaver of flatteryt e oth h e'as k 4 s th e e ' comm on, and popular." Tho May xul thinks remark legitimately bears both interpretations, as follows : Tory Interpretation.—"My faith in the people governing in the masses exercising the functions of government' is infinitesimal. My faith in the people [being] governed is illimitable." Radical Interpretation.—" My faith in the people governing [i.e. , the persons who now govern] is infini tesimal. My aith in the persons [who arc] governed is A,%_SaaxL3Veller thi - 3 - vi6•Tai" - q• breawrirea traecoraingii to the 05 and fancy " of the reader. THE LAND QUESTION. The Times commissioner has just visited Wexford, and finds in that county another instance of the g ood results achieved by just dealing between landlord and tenant. Wexford is one of the most prosperous counties in Ireland. There 30 practically—through divers excellent customs -- less insecurity of tenure than in any other part of the country. "The relative position of land! Lord and tenant is largely adorned by mutual goo will, and the results are visible in general progress, in signs of content that cannot be mistaken, in a remarkable look of independence and self-felianc e among the humbler classes." Agrarianism has long been unknown in Wexford, and Fenianism took ,nc root in it. There is some agitation for fisitS of tenure and the like; but the feeling., never theless, for change is as nothing compared to what it is n' less peaceful and well ordered districts; there is nc general antipathy to the law, no senso of per vading discontent, the more dangerous because vague ; no complaints of widespread wrong and 0? preesion. THE TRIAL OF BARRETT. All parties seem to be dissatisfied with the moll in which the first trial of Barrett, for the attempte d murder of Captain Lambert, terminated. The poP' l ' lace, who throughout the trial expressed svnipatbY with the accused, after the proceedings were 00 1 " mobbed " Mr Jackson, who was untruly stated tc have been the only juror who was in favour of a C 011: fiction. Whilst in a shop Mr. Jackson was pelted, with mud, and the owner of the premises was ask ed to give him up to the tender mercies of the no) A. Catholic priest, a.friend of .the hated juror, ended' voured to shield his acquaintance, butwith little succe o By the advice of a sergeant, this object of the pop r „al i. id a ire consented to take refuge in the barracks. 1-"` people followed, and one of them threw a stool which caused a severe wound over the eye of one 0 ' the guard. Ultimately Mr. Jackson, by the aid of ar l , escort of fifty foot soldiers, was safely ensc once° . in Black's Hotel. The crowd remained outsia.il flinging mud and stones, but the police stayed by 0: the public ardour was cooled. During this exciting :leen' the judges were recognised whilst driving in a carri a l through the town. The vehicle was at once sto ned ' and one of the missiles struck Mr. Stamford , t registrar, who was sitting near the window of i. 11: t Q coach, on the shoulder. The second trial is fixed take place on the 14th inst. CRIME AND TILE NEWSPAPER PRESS. The Pantin tragedy is a remarkable instance of th e good which perfect freedom of publicity may effectin the way of detecting crime. All that has 1 1, 4 done to elucidate the strange mystery of the inura h e . e : near Paris has been owing to the press and the puld:'ij The French newspapers often err in giving the nati ° l ,, too much crime to feed upon, but this time they ha rendered good service. rho Parisian correspo nd° 4 l3 of the Times says the tragedy has afforded a str,l9iic argument in favour of the English mode of rw k i ie inquiry in criminal matters, and against much-boasted French principle of secret exaiiil,l„ tion. "If the examination had been truly secre.'o, if the newspapers, urged on by ardent compe tltl° A had not taken the whole affair in their own hal i A , sending reporters and hourly publishing their rer. 6 —it is most likely that the murderer would 054, escaped, the crime would be still clouded in mYst!..;;;i and, - what is still worse, the names of the themselves stained with unfounded but inae h suspicion." THE CHURCH CONGRESS. There appears to be a growing interest in , ce , sittingi of the Church Congress, which conl.. ll °' g its annual meeting to-day at Liverpool. 14 a d Saturday afternoon 1,600 tickets had been dispo;eii of, and probably the number will be 13 %0 increased by this morning. The proceeding! p commence with a special service at St. MicP,ll Church, at which the Dean of Chester will Pr e ; d At two o'clock the Congress will open at St. Ge°lo) Hall, the Bishop of the diocese (Dr. Jacobs.oet delivering the inaugural address. The first snliie on the programme is Diocesan Organisation. 0 , Congress will sit three times a day—at 1 0 1 . to 2 p.m., and 7 p.m.—and each sitting is expecte'ool occupy three hour 3. It is not definitely klisolt whether the Bishop of Peterborough will be p rey at the working men s meeting on Thursday n i g h " THE ADMIRALTY CRUISE. The Agincourt, with the Minotaur, Northumberl'noci! and Hercules arrived at Pembroke on FridaY the ing. The Controller of the Navy joined t he Admiralty Lords, an official dinner was given l „' i n at evening to flag officers and captains, and at 6 ' t he the Admiralty ensign was hauled down fronlone main of the Agincourt,. where it had u t i l e thirty-nine days' duty, and transferred ° f j ord' Enchantress. Thus the cruise of the 10 of the Admiralty for 1869 came 0 4 . gre end. The ships, says the T7 . 772e5' correspende rl ;,'ros ordered to fill up with coal and other requisite and will sail about the 10th inst. on a cruise, PI the to Madeira and back, the present intentions Meat Admiralty being: understood to be that the Vd shall be in England at Christmas, and the nie n eri up their wages at the commencement of the 70 0, Year in a home port, so that the money pit' „ f oo have a better chance of reaching the men's Ivic° ' families than it would if paid in a foreign port. THE ALBERT ASSURANCE COMPANY IN The Anglo-Indians who are unfortunate ell°'' g ef, s , hold policies in the Albert Assurance Compuf the y determined to take active measures to protect cod interests as far as possible. Accounts 0.4 the three Presidencies state that in e a n d ; have been held in the chief cities, Cal' fortunately, the course determined on a v aio cutta has been approved at Madras. The branch of the Albert is said to have fed theft i 011" office to the extent of £270,000 in nine years. ,olicr wonder under such circumstances that Indiall the holders are incensed as well as startled 13V tn ? : 3 lation of the fact that the company's loseeS 7;tif ° ' last seven years have been £1,250,000. Manl iri e., 4 l4 + Christians have, according to the Bombay ( 1 7 0 ,0 v, been induced by . the flourishing appearance 01 cc d P to invest their savings in the c 011,,,,, fact which is especially to be regrew' Of, it tends to disgust the natives bolitl banks and insurance companies, and will MAO encourage them to adhere to the old-fashions a 'Coe method of burying their gold. The Calcutta 0 80 0 ) mittee have received a telegraphic reply from '`c o ce°l; i t n o g th s i e n e gh ec a t n t c h e a ry t th . e T y h will ey in be te r n ep d re h s o e ld t g d in a oi n d er e , ing of policy-holders as soon as they have rec oil oile finiteinformation from England. At Madras o. o l' till holders have decided to pay their preminn ls ll,l fall due, until the Ist of January next, 00' endorsed the proceedings of the former r aee Calcutta. CONVEYANCE OF CATTLE By OA' y to hao The master of the steamship Taurus, w ho n : 0 iro engaged for many years in conveying ca ttle on j Continent to this country, gives his experien cv o o oo 7 subject. He denies that there is overcrowd ing cattle steamers generally, bringing forward sso what took place in his own steamer. Fr°' ri,;0111 of July to the 28th November, 1868, he made., two voyages to Tonning, in Schleslnf: took in at that place 11,956 cO t Pr o t 8,500 sheep and lambs ; out of al te r 6 , number only one of the sheep died. An°', l which has been urged—the cruelty practise,, 0 ,04 ing the cattle out of the steamers when tiztoPof in London—is not answered so Ot a go 0 0 The writer does not deny the c' . lo o , to cruelty, but says that if any otorevo method can be suggested, he will be most th o l oo carry it out. He does not, however, f i l e possible. All the steamers engaged irt i ce e ‘o o carry sufficient water with them t o g ¢n d i g o animal a gallon a day for a week, supply of hay is scarcely ever half-consuniegel,icli many of the cattle will not eat on the pas- el , . o "v g ,te being attributable to the motion of the ve'S.o° affects them as human beings are affect e unaccustomed to the sea. d i so'ff' „„,9 According to the New York Shippi n g dof pr mercial List, the aggregate of the cotton crollra tle te e were 2,260,557 bales, against a total of 2,430,°0",011106,:i ceding cotton year. The exports to foreign a re s to n t 4 .6 , year, from Sept. 1, 1868, to August 31, 1869, 0, 2 1 1 : o pe 4 ; 1,447,643 bales ; 989,500 bales to Great 1 314°1 d y o ' ,0 bales to France, 177,182 bales to the Nortb of or 56,436 bales to ther foreign ports. In the P A rg 1) 81 To 1° ;_,, the export reached 1,655,816 bales; 8 21, " f tli e nr stated to have been taken for home use north °,,editiv mac and Ohio rivers ; the quantity in the P re was 799,817 bales. I se BIRTHS. le d BROWN—On the 2d inst at Ancaster Hall, the 0 t oil jar F. Brown, of a so n. 1 0 WEMERML—On the 3d inst. , at Kilburn , e r g. Wetherell, of a daughter. 1 j illf AfARRIAGES. tart, O f Hoi. - isT THU SE--ICOL— On the 2d inst., at Hav e ntr e n e , e Carsten Holthouse, Esq., of Old Burling„t°"-O.Y.' Martha, daughter of the late J. I. Nicol, -r-' 54 ' of'' i Inverness. A ilPfrril HARRISON—PEnurs—On the 2d inst., Edwar"o,,tll%,, c of Doughty street, ht r e ty ar' the yougest daughter of the late Hairy • Holborn. oe o ' DEATHS. , SI-''' HAwicswoms—On the 2d inst., at Southbowl' C•l' John W. Hawksworth, Esq., J.P., aged 71- of 2‘31 KusEß—On the 2d inst., James Silner, Bsckt IV 1,, • versham-road, aged 68. , t • Pet ec" MOCJLETT—On the 2d inst., at Hopevibe, ..• net, Charles Mockett, aged b 4. ,41" ; ...Als A , -tl 4 London: Printed and Published by WILLI- ,- ., 1 15, 0 0. of No. 112, Strand , Prin ter, at Tan SUN Office ' ° i t iclal ° in the Precinct of the Savoy, in tip COaliti °I TUQOd.aY, OCtQl?Or 5, 13f39..