The Sun. — London, England, 1860-05-25 00:00:00

this principle in its irresistible course" has left the complications of Italy far from a settlement ; that it was the cause of the Hungarian insurrection in 1848-49 ; and that, "though suppressed by the in tervention of 100,000 Russians, whom NICHOLAS I. sent to the aid of his brother of Austria, the struggle revives in the movement, so unanimous, so peack ful, and yet so firm, of which Hungary for eight or nine months past has offered the splendid spectacle." The pamphlet then adverts to the way in which Hungary first became an object of interest to Europe in the struggle of 1848 ; to the comparative forgetfulness of her since that time; to the re awakening of general attention when at the time of the battle of Solferino she was seen to be ready to take her part in the struggle for national rights in Italy; and to the interest with which all Europe has been watching her firm attitude towards the Empe ror of AUSTRIA and his German officials, since the issue of the delusive patent for the Protestants of last September. It is remarked with truth that, " From the very beginning of the great movement which now agitates the Hungarian nation the press of Germany, Italy, France, and England sympa thised with it. That sympathy has gradually ex tended to the public, and in the most important of all the deliberative assemblies of Europe—in the English Parliament—the name of Hungary has been heard. At this moment there, perhaps, is not a single journal which does not acknowledge the gravity of the Hungarian manifestations, nor a statesman who does not take a deep interest in hem." ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. Directress, Miss Wyndham. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and Westminster, the Park being open to Carriages and foot passengers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with a new and original comedy, entitled A FRIEND IN NEED. F Robinson, C. Young, &c. To be iollow.:d by DIDO. Most stinging of all to Austria, because specially appropriate to her, must be the description of her " iron and clay " composition, and her uselessness as a barrier against the great power which threatens Europe from the North. " Diplomacy has long endeavoured to legitimise on international grounds the existence of that agglomeration of countries and nationalities, brought together by chance and re tained by force, which is called the Empire of the Hapsburg; diplomacy has raised Austria to the rank of a necessity for the balance of power,by proclaiming After which, A CHANGE OF SYSTEM. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, is. The Box-aloe open from 11 to 6 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform ance commences at 7. A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.- 'Proprietor, Mr. Wal. BATTY. Thirty-seventh Night of the GREAT MILITARY SPEC TACLE. In compliance with numerous inquiries at the Box Office, the Management has arranged to give Four Grand Mid-day Performances during the Whitsun Holidays, viz. on Whit-Monday, May 28th, Tuesday, 2kh, Thursday, 31st, and Saturday, .June 2d. The Entertainments will consist of a Recherche Display of Equestrian I'erformances and a Light pleasing Dramatic Piece; commencing each day at Two o'Clock. t the barrier of Western and Eastern Europe against the dangers which threaten both fro:n the North. The events of 1854 and 1855 must have convinced THIS EVENING, The Grand Hippo Drama. " THE HISTORY or A FLAG." Wondrous Scenes in the Cirque, supported by the most talented Equestrian and Gymnastic Artistes in the World. Concluding with a Laughable Farce. The magnificent Chan eliers manufactured by Messrs. De tries and Sons, Houndsditch. Poo: s open at half-past 6, performance commence at 7. Boa -office open daily from 11 till 4. Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST. the least perspicacious of diplomatists that 'Western Europe may safely rely on its own strength, and that, in any case, Europe cannot leave her defence to Austria, a Power unable to maintain herself. The famous barrier is visibly crumbling away, being attacked at the summit by corruption, and sapped at the base by the implacable hatred of the peoples, upon which it weighs with all the inert ness of a dead body. The grand question is, Can Austria unlearn her despotic habits? Can she give up her bureau cracy, her centralisation, her concordat ? We mean of course, Can Hapsburgs do this ? Are they not, like the Bourbons, the victims of a blind bigo try, both in religion and statesmanship, which will not permit them to understand progress, facts, events, and consequences, till they are crushed by them. Nothing would be easier, we imagine, than to content the " agglomeration of countries and nationalities" and to unite them, federally, under the Imperial Crown. But, that would require that Hapsburgs should govern with andjor these nations, and not for the exaltation of their own trumpery German Archduchy, by crushing all the na tionalities into one heterogenous mass whereon to place their German throne. Could a Hapsburg but feel and evince a sincere pleasure in developing the energies of all the countries now almost reduced to the corpses of nations beneath her fatal sway, in accordance with their constitutions, laws, and habits, probably they would all soon re joice in a supreme head, which could be a means of healthful, amicable co-operation between them all, and which could unite them in defence, when re quired, against a common foe. Probably this is an impossibility to the Hapsburg mind. If it be, we may almost hope with the writer of the pamphlet, that the hour of Hungary's becom ing an independent nation is fast approaching— that Europe will now regard her with very diffe rent sentiments to those of 1848. She was then seen to be more than a match for Austria. The latter could not crush her without the aid of the 200,000 Cossack sal-ages of the savage N'tcnoLAs ; since then, though so brutally used by theHapsburgs, she has shown that national life is still vigorous— insuppressible—in her. " Hungary, therefore, for the Hungarians," is the logical sequence of" Italy for the Italians." The CzAit will not expose himself to another base piece of ingratitude— Prussia cannot be blind to her interests in Germany, and England and France both sympathise altogether with Hungarian inde pendence, except perhaps a few of the traditional Tories, who, we may hope, will, for the sake of " the nationalities," not just yet take charge of the Foreign-office. The writer, whose views we have been referring to, evidently sees things much in this light, and in all probability he used the spec tacles of a greater author. The very recent con cessions of Austria to the Protestants by which several of the Hungarians have just been induced to enter the new Imperial Council, can hardly be regarded as an alteration of policy. They are but a bribe extorted by necessity for a temporary object. CANTERBURY HALL THIS EVENING. C. H. GOUNOD'S OPERA, FAUST. First Time in this Country. Faust Mr. Henry Herbert. Mephistopheles Mr. C. Bernard. Siobel Mrs. Anderson. Marguerite a— Miss Russell. Conductor Mr. Jonghmans. And selections from Dinorah, Trovatore, Macbeth, and numerous other Entertainments. Balcony, ls , Hall. 6d. • Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come Wan and Mimic), and W. T. Critchfleld. The AFRICAN OPERA T ItOUPE, their first appearance since 1852, consisting of ELEVEN STAR PERFOrtMERS, who will give the whole of their inimitable entertainment every evening. The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. CONCERTS.- THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, MAY 2.5, MO. THERMOMETER, TN THE SHADE. 72—highest since noon yesterday. n2—lowest this morning and during the night. 64—this day at noon. _ _ BAROMETER-29.98. Winn--South-Westerly; light, with dull, cloudy weather, inclining to rain. lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS Darr.—horning, 4h. 41m.—Afternoon, sh. 3m. TO-IWORROw.-Morning, sh. 27m.—Afternoon, sh. 53m .039, C../ I • A tkoz, ‘*, ~.+rii:. b ••• THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY, MAY 25, 1860. Another Rifled Pamphlet—another fearful dis charge from the masked battery of the Tuileries, the Imperial gunn'er himself being invisible. Such, at least, will , be supposed to be the case when former pamphlets have hit so successfully the bull's eye of the target at which the EMPEROR aimed, although not acknowledged by their chief author, or even, professedly, discountenanced. The new brochure, " Hungary and the European Crisis," will certainly be classed with its very effective predecessors, published for the benefit of Italy, the Porn, and Austria ; and it will certainly not create less wrath at Vienna, and at some other petty Courts of Europe. We should have ima gined it could not be very acceptable to the CZAR himself, especially as another pamphlet, " the truth about Russia," has appeared in Paris, of which, however, the author, Prince PIERRE DOL GOROUNOFF, distinctly avows himself. It exposes mercilessly the character of Russian civilisation ; but the Government politely requests the papers not to quote from it. Russia and France are just now, for purposes of present convenience, very friendly ; yet it is convenient for Louis NAPOLEON to show that he can, if he chooses, annoy his ally in the forum of the public opinion of Europe. The Prince's pamphlet is, therefore, probabPy not unac• ceptable, though termed by authority " obnoxious." What, however, will the Czar, as well as the :Emperor of Austria, who is directly attacked, and ,what will all the petty despots of Germany say to • such remarks as these :—" Europe is now in the midst of a serious crisis. From one end to the other disorganisation and reorganisation are pro ceeding simultaneously. Her old constitutive principles are each in their turn devoured by the spirit of the age. Ihe pretended Divine right of monarchs is giving place to the natural and imprescriptible rights of nations ; the equilibrium of States remains overthrown, while the har mony of nationalities is constituting itself. the great struggle between the dynastic and popular elements has now been in progress for 70 years. Europe, thirsting after peace and for ever harassed with war, will enjoy no sound repose, no certain future, until the victory is secured, not here and there, but everywhere at once, to the rights of nations over the sovereignty of monarchs." Time was when the Thames as the Silent High way was to Londoners the grand channel of inter communication. Then, indeed, as the old nautical song goes, "fine City ladies" (remembering that we-are writing of and in Cockneydom, we might even say—wherry " fine City ladies") could find it in their hearts to patronise in lieu of our modern cabby some Jolly Young Waterman. Among those watermen of the river Thames there was actually, moreover, once upon a time a poet—a sort of am phibious laureate—" TAYLOR the Water-Poet," as he still lives by name and fame in the annals of our national literature. Not—(we would remind any temperance advocate who might be disposed to regard him as an anticipatory teetotal ballad monger)—not a milk-and-water poet, but TAYLOR the " Water-Poet," the lyric glorifier in verse that yet lives of Old Father Thames in his cleanlier and more unsophisticated days, before he had under taken all the dirty work devolving upon the great City Scavenger. Imagine for a moment the Thames as it is—having any longer a laureate ! When SHELLEY loitered upon its banks, and floated in his shallop upon its surface while com posing the most elaborated and ambitious of all his poetical works, " The Revolt of Islam"—it was far away from the reeking smoke and noisome exuda tions of London and Westminster, among the rush grown margins and the reedy eddies of the river as 4111.K:es Marlov,-. When - Wor,DswonTrr wrote his noble sonnet upon Waterloo-bridge, be took care to do so under the darkness of midnight. When HOOD drew forth such ineffable pathos from that same broad current of the Thames—vide " The Bridge of Sighs"—he did so we all remember with a shudder : This, we may assume, is the startling " idea" which the Emperor of FRANCE deems the appropriate one for the hour—one for which France went to - war in Italy, and one which, wherever it is successfully embodied in ac tion, will be made to contribute some Savoy and Nice to the natural requirements of French ambition. It will be so in Southern Italy if " the rights of nations," there, get the victory over the sovereignty of monarchs." It will be so in gary and the East, if the rights of Magyars, Selaves, Croats, Dalmatians, get the victory over the very artificial sovereignty of the HAPSBURGS. fu:igary, like Lombardy, may be the basis for a ver y good "idea," but in the working out the idea, a very - handsome material toll will be most cer- The passage quoted above utters tainly exacted. undoubted truth, but it might have been written by r. KOSSUTH. It is also certain enough, as the author remarks, that the Italian war did spring from the principle hefie6oribe 6 .; that the " arrest of " Picture it, think of it, Dissolute man, Lave in it, drink of it, Then if you can." Apart from this pathos associatz:d with the River of so many Suicides, there is that other thrill of loathing over the stream (whether for " laving" or " drinking" purposes) which is inseparable from the remembrance of its many secret abominations. And all this filth, this wide open sewer, ebbing and flowing perpetually through the whole capital from Battersea down to the Towers of SULIIIS, diffusing its odious, and even at midsummer pestilential vapours, on one hand into Surrey, on the other into Middlesex, washing and weltering, and lapping between the crowded dwellings of a metropolis peopled with from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 —all this foul and turbid deposit is continually from year to year, from month to month, from day to day, accu mulating. The evil we have all been complaining about for so long a period upon the occasion of every returning midsummer, will be worse in the deg days of 1860, than it was in the dog days of 1859, as the evil then was worse than in 1858, and in 1858 than it was in 1857. That it should be so stands to reason. While the drainage of the capital is for the most part emptied into the river Thames the population is ever and ever increasing —and increasing too, if we may so express it, in creasingly. A system of Dirty Cleanliness, this, as it has been happily called, that has continued in operation now for so long a period that it is fast attaining a magnitude that threatens (in one sense happily) to be no longer endurable. The House of Commons will be tired out at last to very nausea of having to disinfect the atmosphere floating through the open doors and windows by curtains saturated with chloride of lime. It will re solve at last in veritable earnest to exorcise that demon of the Thames, who with as loathsome an alliteration of evil influence as LATEST .N E W S. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, MAY 24. The Patrie of this evening, after giving the Neapolitan despatch announcing the defeat of Garibaldi, says : " A second despatch states that Garibaldi is said to have attacked the Royal troops, who were strongly intrenched, and to have completely beaten them. According to the same despatch this com bat would lead to the immediate evacuation by the Royal troops of Palermo, Messina, Trapani, Catanea, and Syracuse." the "bug with gilded wings," in POPE'S Satire, " stinks and stings" in our nostrils beyond the power of further endurance. The folly of onr remedial measures hitherto has consisted in this— that we have been simply endeavouring to amelio rate the eject, instead of striving vigorbusly to diminish, if not even eventually and entirely, to remove the cause of all those incalculable abomi nations. No wonder the Thames is no longer the Silent Highway. No wonder the trade of the waterman has gone out. No wonder the Lord Mayor of London no more has heart, or for that matter stomach either, for "taking water," in his gilt barge, and in making his way on the ninth of November up to Westminster. The barge (alas for the glory of Gog and Magog) has been sold, as a bauble of no further use or value, even as a floating ornament. The Silent High way is no better nowadays, in fact, than the dirty backway The Opinion Nationale publishes the following despatch, dated Alessina, 22d inst:— " There is great panic among the authorities. The inhabitants are joining Garibaldi in crowds. Great numbers of strangers are quitting the towns. The soldiers have taken refuge in the forts." MARSEILLES, MAr 25. Adviees from Messina to the 21st inst. state that on the 20th inst., 46 Neapolitan deserters were fired at, while passing to the insurgents. . Two considerable disembarkations of volunteers had taken place at San Stefanano de Camestra to the right, and at Santo Veto to the left of Palermo. The rising at Messina had not yet taken place. It was expected that Palermo would soon sur render. into London ; instead of being as it once was, as it ought to be, and as it may yet again be in some happy future time, the noblest approach to our vast metropolis, and its much frequented and picturesque and beautiful thoroughfare. What Londoner, amongst us all—wishing to impress a foreigner, or a country cousin, with the beauty or the splendour of our capital—would dream of bringing either for the first time into it by way of the Thames above bridges ? Coming by steam boat, we should certainly go ashore to the east of London-bridge, under the shadows of the Tower, and the Custom-house, and the Monument. Coming by railway, say from Dover, we should carefully cross to the Middlesex side, over London-bridge, and so advance by Cheapside westwards. We should certainly take every precaution to prevent either foreigner, or country cousin, from entering London between those reeking mud-banks, those hideous, blackened, littered wharves, back yards and out houses disfiguring both sides of the Thames almost uninterruptedly from Billingsgate and the Borough up to Battersea, Yet, had we but the drainage of Lon don diverted carefully from the Thames, instead of being directed carefully into it—had we, as we might easily have, even now, the two sides of the river beautified with terraced embankments—that river approach would be the grandest of all ap proaches, the noblest of all thoroughfares—again, what it was of yore in a wholesomer time, The Silent Highway, winding broadly, gloriously on wards through the heart of London and West minster. What it was of yore, do we say ? Nay, far grander, nobler, more beautiful than it ever was of yore—with those magnificent bridges spanning it—down, as it were, at the sea-gate of London, at Southwark, at Blackfriars, at Hungerford, at West minster, at Battersea, and prominent among them all for its symmetry, that superb - Waterloo-bridge, which provoked the envy almost of CANOVA, certainly eliciting from that great sculptor his cordial and unstinted admiration. Talk of metro politan improvements ! Here is the improvement of improvements, and immeasureably the best upon which we could by possibility adventure. Let us complete the main drainage of the capital, divert ing it altogether from the river; let us thereby enable the river as it is to thoroughly purify itself; let us at the same time raise upon the Surrey side and upon the Middlesex side those long-talked-of Thames Embankments—and by doing this we shall be rendering this huge and populous city more salubrious than it has been for many generations, at the same time that we shall be most effectually carrying cut the work of its advancement. There is no possible reason why these long-proposed Thames Embankments, properly paved, properly lighted with gas-lamps, and properly planted with trees (that thrive in some parts of London as ver dantly as any bit of rus in urbe anywhere discover able), there is no reason in the world why,, all this being done (and remember all this is perfectly practicable), no reason, we say, whatever why the Thames qabankment should not in every respect surpass 'the noblest and the loveliest of the Parisian Boulevards. A proclamation by the Committee of Palermo has been posted up in all parts of that town, an nouncing the victorious march of Garibaldi, and that Sicily would soon become independent. It also added, "Even the Neapolitan police are com mencing to desert their masters." And terminated with " Viva it Be Emanuel !" " Viva Garibaldi !" PARIS, MAY 25. The Constigutionnel of to-day denies that it is in• tended to submit the free schools to the prelimi nary authorisation of the Government. VIENNA, MAY 25. The Chamber of Advocates has petitioned the Ministry of Justice for the re-establishment of the Criminal Process Law of 1850, with or without a jury, and for the introduction of verbal public civil process. VIENNA, MAY 25. The proposals made by Russia to the other great Powers, for an inquiry into the real condition of the Christians in Turkey, occasions a frequent ex change of opinions between France and the other great Powers. M. Thouvenel has declared to the Austrian Am bassador that the Cabinet of the Tuileries has seen with regret that Russia has prematurely brought forward the Oriental question ; but, as this ques tion has been officially put forward, France con siders that she acts in conformity with the interests of Europe by associating herself with the proposal of Russia, as otherwise a pretence would be given to that Power to assume the exclusive pro tectorate of the Christian subjects of the Sultan. P.Z. Thouvenel adds that during his Embassy at Constantinople he became convinced that the Hatti-Humayoum of 1856 will long remain a dead letter unless the Porte changes its system of govern ment. Without recognising the urgency of the inquiry proposed by Russia, France is disposed to acknow ledge its principle, and she invites the other great Powers to do the same, leaving, however, to their agents in the East to ascertain the exactitude of the facts which have been brought forward by Prince Gortschakoff. Counts Antoine Szecheny and Andrassy and a Hungarian prelate are spoken of as having been chosen by Government to replace the three Hun garians who declined their appointments to the Council of the Empire. They are also said to have formally consented to their nomination. CONSTANTINOPLE, Mt 16, The Marquis de Lavalette on passing through Athens was received with great distinction. A banquet was given in his honour by the Court. The Sultan has transmitted a complimentary message to the Marquis de Lavalette. Everybody is impressed with the importance of his mission, and is awaiting his course of action, and the speech which, it is said, he will address to the Sultan. The Porte has deferred replying to the Servians until after having consulted with the Powers. England, it is said, persists in her opposition to the hereditary rights of Prince Milosch. Omar Pacha is expected to arrive at Constan tinople on Saturday next. It is said that he will be commissioned to repress the agitation among the Sclavonic population. The Sultan has received the decoration of the Order of King Leopold at a private audience, but his Majesty is said to be seriously suffering from an intermittent gastric fever. GARIBALI)I'S EXPEDITION.. The Paris correspondent of the Times (Second Edition), in his letter, dated May 24, says : "We have to-day two sets of telegrams, suited, with nice impartiality, to the taste of friends and the enemies of the Sicilian insurrection. One is (as you will perhaps have learnt by this) to the effect that the Neapolitan troops have gained a great ad vantage close to Palermo : the other of quite an opposite character, viz.—that Garibaldi's soldiers have again beaten the Royalists. The news of the Neapolitan triumph is from the Neapolitan Govern ment ; that in favour of the Garibaldians conies from Turin or Genoa. The Neapolitan Government is known for its total disregard of truth and for the fa cility with which it fabricates. The others are per haps not impeccable : but the French Government, which ought to know something of the real state of affairs, is silent; and it is worthy of notice that the dispensers of telegraphic news here have been more than once prevented from giving to the public what was favourable to the Sicilians. It is said that its Minister at Naples transmits with impartiality the news given him by M, Carafa, as well as that from the Sardinian Minister at Naples, the Marquis of Villamarina, and which is invariably conflicting, leaving it to accept and credit which of the two it pleases. In the meantime few give credit to Neapo litan versions of events in Sicily. In this state we must be content to abide till some decisive blow on eithe► side makes it impossible any longer to dis guise the truth," Baron Rauch and Mr. Berna have arrived a Fenton's Hotel, from Germany. His Excellency the Minister for the Netherlands is suffering from a severe attack of influenza. Baron and Baroness Gunzbourg and family have arrived at the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn•street, from St. Petersburg. The Countess Cowper entertained at dinner, on Wednesday last, the Marquis and Marchioness of Clanri carde, Captain F. Egerton, the Marquis of Hartington, Hon. F. Byng, Count Pahlen, Mr. A. Russell, the Earl Cowper, Lord Boyle, Lord Dunmore, Lady Marian Alford, Hon. Henry Cowper, the Marchioness of Abercorn, Lady Georgina Hamilton, &c. The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield entertained their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess Edward of Saxe-Weimar, the Earl of Coventry, thelEarl of Wilton and Lady Katharine Grey Egerton, Lord and Lady Forester, the Right Hon. Cecil Weld Forester, Hon. Sey mour Egerton, Mr. C. Greville, and a select party, at dinner, on Wednesday, at their residence in Giosvenor street. Prince Alfred is every inch a sailor; as full of mischief and fun as any middy in her Majesty's service, and vastly popular among his companions, who although picked lads, are none the less sad pickles. Boys will fight, and ~ :ne clay Prince Alfred had a turn up with young Gor don, and got a regular thrashing. Some one carried the news to Captain Tarleton. " Don't bother me with such nonsense," said he ; if I listen to these tales I shall have enough to do. If the Prince can't keep a civil tongue in his head, the sooner he is taught to do so the better."— :Fly mouth ,1 oetrnal. Sir Robert and Lady Easily Peel received at dinner last evening, at their residence in Whitehall-gardens, the following circle :—Prince Dolgorousk, his Excellency the Saxon Minister, Count Wimpffen, Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, Lord and Lady Lyndhurst, and Hon. Miss Copley, Lady Truro, Lord Dufferin, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, the Hon. A. Kinnaird, M. and Lady Margaret Beaumont, &c. Colonel and Mrs. Knevett arrived at the Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone, on Wednesday, and loft on the follow ing day for Paris. Sicily. We have received a copy of the Mr lta Times of the 18th inst. It contains some interesting details of the advance of Garibaldi, though no later intelli gence than that which has already appeared : "May 13. " We have received letters from Marsala to the 16th ofi May, giving accounts of Garibaldi's pro• gress in SEcily, the extraordinary excitement the news of his landing had created in Palermo, and other interesting miscellaneous intelligence respect ing the course of events in that island. Our cor respondent also forwarded us two proclamations picked up at Marsala, of Garibaldi, who has adopted the title of Commander-in-Chief of the National THE' :SUN,' LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, MAY 25, 1860, Force in Sicily.' The following are extracts from our correspondence : " Marsala, May 16. " Events are crowding upon us. Yesterday, the 15th of May, Garibaldi, joined by large numbers of well armed mountaineers and people from the neigh bouring towns, left Salemi for Calata Fimi. It is said that a considerable Neapolitan force is stationed at Alcamo, which, however, cannot be so large, but that he will unhesitatingly attack it, and no doubt with his usual good fortune. _ " The Argus, just in from Palermo, brings the news that matters were in an extraordinary ex cited state there. The 10th Regiment had mutinied against their officers, and had been in consequence sent off to Naples. The Royalists were walling up the gates of the town, and raising up strong earth works on the land side. All the women and child ren of the officers and soldiers had been sent off to Naples. Two regiments of foreign recruits had arrived from Naples ; and it is thought they will be the only men that will think of standing a brush with Garibaldi. A general panic was beginning to show itself among the troops. " i P.S.—The Neapolitans have not been able to get off the Sardinian steamer. A frigate and a steamer that came yesterday for the purpose, caused a great panic in town, and all the inhabitants crowded out towards the harbour to know if their intent was wicked or charitable.' This de monstration seemed to produce a counter panic in the brave Neapolitans, who appeared very shy about coming near land, and in fact they had scarcely any communication with the shore. " ' Trapani is in a most rigorous state of siege." " Another letter says : of the affirmation." The same letter adds :—" We were well pleased this morning by the arrival of the French steamer Descartes, followed by a ship of the line, which is signalled as in sight. Our situation at Naples is extremely grave. The popu lace are beginning to be agitated, and as we may at any moment see the city a prey to excesses, we are happy to see foreign vessels of war arrive. England has at present two ships of the line and two steamers in the Bay of Naples." The general plan of Garibaldi's movement ap• pears to have been modified ; as he is now direct ing all his efforts and resources towards Sicily alone, in order to make that island, if he should succeed in becoming master of it, the basis of sub sequent operations against the kingdom of Naples. All volunteers are, until further orders, to be directed by small detachments towards Sicily ; they will, it is arranged, land at points previously fixed on, and thence proceed to head-quarters, where they will be formed into companies and bat talions. If success crowns Garibaldi's efforts, he hopes, the latest accounts from his friends state, to organise a formidable expedition, make a descent on Calabria, raise the country, and extend the in surrectionary movement from the south to the north of the kingdom. The Neapolitan Govern ment appears to understand the great importance of energetically defending Sicily, Six squadrons are to be charged with the guard of the coast, and they will be composed of about 50 vessels of war of all sizes. The superior command has been confided to . Count d'Aquila, the King's uncle, who has the direction of the fleet and of the naval affairs of the kingdom. A telegram has arrived in Brussels, an nouncing that Garibaldi has entered Palermo at the head of 9,000 men. This fact, if confirmed, would prove that the soldiers of Garibaldi are ani mated with extraordinary ardour, as 9,000 men will have taken a strong town defended by an army estimated at 15,000, " Marsala, May 12. " You will no doubt have heard by the arrival of the Intrepid of the extraordinary event which happened here yesterday, and which still looks more like a dream than a reality—namely, the landing in this harbour of Garibaldi with a band of about 1,500 as fine looking fellows as you can well imagine from two Sardinian steamers. The landing was effected in gallant style, and with most extraordinary celerity and order, and part of the time under the guns of a Neapolitan frigate and two steamers. One of the Sardinian vessels was run aground and scuttled by themselves in the harbour, and the other was taken outside by the Neapolitans ; but after the landing had been fully effected. I believe the brave adventurers did not Lose a man—only two or three wounded. We were all in a state of alarm during the firing, as the shot and shell from the frigate went flying about in a most awkward manner—some into the town, some into Woodhouse's stores, some into Wood's baglio (factory), and one actually over our heads here on the baglio terrace, which fell into the sea beyond the Salinella. Our_ Vice-Consul, with the Captains of the Intrepid and Argus (both here fortunately for us at the time), went on board the frigate during the firing to inquire into the meaning of their missiles so capriciously injuring our factories, on each of which the English flag was flying, and to inculcate more caution and accuracy in their opera tions. The Neapolitan Commanders, wisely consi ding that it was their duty to expend a certain quantity of powder and shot on such an important occasion, gave the town the benefit of the residiary dose, after the enemy was snug within the walls, and laughing at this exhibition of impotent rage. It was, however, no laughing matter to the poor inhabitants, who, not accustomed to such pheno mena, took to flight in all directions to avoid the effects of the shell, which did considerable damage about the Porta di Mare and the Grazia Vecchia, but fortunately without loss of life, as many families were in the country for their spring trip. A con siderable number, high and low flocked under the protection of our flag here, and the old baglio•is as crowded as Noah's Ark, only the animals are all human. ""rhis morning the whole of Garibaldi's party set off for Salemi, reinforced by a good many Mar salese volunteers, and well provided with horses for the officers, carts for their spare arms and ammu nition, and mules for the field-pieces they brought with them. Everything was managed with admi rable order, and apparently to the satisfaction of General Garibaldi; though uti,der the effect of the bombardment from the Neapolitan vessels the poor Marsalese did not show an enthusiastic welcome to their unexpected visitors. The following account of the parts of Sicily into which Garibaldi's band have penetrated will be found interesting : " May 14. At Salemi they were received with open arms, after having been joined on their march by several large armed bands under Coppola, of the Monte, Baron Sant'Anna, of Alcamo, &c. Other two bands of armed countrymen have set off from this place to join the brave General, and with the reinforcements expected from Castelvetrano, Santa Ninfa, and other neighbouring towns, they will soon muster a very formidable force. Even their artillerj is in creasing, as some light brass field•pieces, buried since 1849, have been brought out, and found in good condition. Several Frane;scan monks have put themselves at the head, with the cross in one hand and the sword in the other. " kind of panic still continues here, and the Marsalese feel themselves quite at sea with such a strange and rapid succession of conflicting events. On Easter-day it was down with the Bourbons and up with the tri-colour—a fortnight afterwards all the obsequious nobles of Marsala going out with a band of music to meet the Royal troops, who were coming to disarm them and haul them over the coals—now Garibaldi and his Chasseurs of the Alps landing triumphantly among them under showers of Neapolitan grapeshots and bombshells. They are not yet recovered from the excitement, and the town is in a kind of neutral state, no actual demon strations against the old Government, but no taxes are being paid. " We have the Argus here. I have just heard she is going to Palermo to-day. We hope she will be back again immediately, as the town being again in a state of confusion and without an armed force, all the lawless vagabonds with whom the place abounds, are once more uniting and threatening pillage and plunder. Of course, with an English vessel of war near us, we feel quite safe ; but we are very uneasy when left to our own resources in such a state of things.' " Another letter from Marsala of the 16th states that a rumour prevailed in the town that the Nea politans, on hearing of Garibaldi's landing, de spatched a flying column of 700 troops to Calata fimi to meet him. Several armed bands of Sicilians, expecting to find Garibaldi at Calatafimi, marched towards that place to join his force. Seeing the Neapolitan troops they mistook them for Garibaldi's men, and marched on to the town, shouting Viva Garibaldi !' The Neapolitans allowed them to ap proach till within gunshot. A most desperate fight ensued, in which, according to the letter we quote, 600 of the 700 Neapolitans were placed hors de combat, and the remaining 100 taken prisoners. Neither the strength nor the loss of the Sicilians is stated. Altogether the story bears with it an air of great improbability, although it may be founded on truth. It is not alluded to in our other letters from Marsala. "FromMarsala, two roads lead towards Palermo : one in gcod repair, following the coast on the north to Trapani, and from Trapani turning sud denly to the east by Mount San Juliano, crosses ' to Calatafimi, redescends towards the sea through Alcamo, and then proceeds right along the splen did valley of Palermo. A second road, less care fully attended to, goes from Marsala to Calatafimi Marsala only possesses a small port, and a road sted not very deep ; on the land side it is defended by old walls flanked with square towers. It was clear that troops disembarking at Marsala, an open town on a low shore, could not intend to remain there an hour. If the Neapolitan troops had in tended to hold the country, they would only have to guard the defiles, which lead to Calatafimi, and, in that case, when even if the insurgents had possessed a numerous artillery and regular troops, they could not have advanced more than five miles into the interior. As the Neapolitans did not de fend the defiles of Calatafimi, they abandoned voluntarily or forcedly all the west of the island. No obstacle preventing the insurgents from pre senting themselves before the latter town, any of fensive return from Palermo was impossible or at least very dangerous. ' The insurgents pos• sessing Calatafimi are masters of Trapani, Marsala, Mazzara, Castel Vetrano, and even Sciacca. But let us examine an instant this western part of the island. Alcamo is a town situated on a plateau in the midst of a plain ; it was formerly an Arab establishment, as its name indicates, and is well chosen to command several little ports, of which the nearest and most important is named Magazinazzo. From Palermo to Alcamo is rather more than 21 miles, and from Alcamo to Calata fimi about eight. To go from Palermo to Alcamo we follow one of the most admirable valleys of Sicily, in which are olive trees centuries old, and groves of orange and citron trees. But on passing the height which closes the valley to the south the scene suddenly changes, and the approach to Alcamo is through arid mountains. Then entering deep gorges we arrive at Calata• fimi, a town not of 10,000 inhabitants, as stated in the newspapers, but of 4,000 or 5,000. The town, which is of wretched aspect, is dominated by a castle now quite in ruins. From this castle an extraordinary country is seen—the land and rocks being in confusion as if tossed about by some terrible earthquake. The Neapolitans ought to have defended these parts, but not having done so they have left great advantage to the guerillas. The latter, in fact, without leaving the mountains, can surround Palermo, either by going to Bagaria on the east, or in turning Monreale and occupying the Monte Pellegrino to the west; they can com mand the solitary plains of Marsala and Mazzara, can possess themselves of Mount San Juliano which dominates Trapani, can cut off all communication by land between the town and Palermo, and can cause the inhabitants of Trapani to suffer dreadfully from thirst by destroying the only aqueduct which con veys them water from Mount San Juliano. If the insurgents be numerous, they can besides reach the rich valleys of Castel Vetrano and Campo Bello to tile south, and the towns of Termini and Cefalu on the north coast. The place of disembar kation of Garibaldi's bands was chosen with so much intelligence as to cause us to suppose that he and his lieutenants will profit by all the advantages which the nature of the country affords. Trapani is a pretty town formerly fortified, and has a sort of citadel which commands the port. If it were not for the want of water, the town could easily be defended on the land side, as it is only united to the plain by a tongue of land cut by salt marshes. From Calatafimi to Trapani the road winds through irregular hills ; and on this road, a length of up wards of 18 miles, there:is not a house, not a tree, not a shrub. At a distance of 2or 3 miles from Palermo and all other great towns there is scarcely any trace of cultivation. The inhabitants are so borne down by taxes on all they produce that they abandon the soil, though it is perhaps the most fertile in Italy, and the peasaats contrive to live on a handful of pulse daily." " Proclaniation No. 1 is as follows : " Giuseppe Garibaldi, Commander-in-Chief of the National Force in Sicily. " At the invitation of the principal citizens, and on the deliberation of the free communes of the island, " = Considering that in time of war it is necessary that the civil and military power should be con centrated in one man— " Decrees that he assumes, in the name of Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy, the Dictatorship in " Salcmi, 14th of May, ISO. " G. GARIBALDI. " Stef. Turr, Adjutant-General.' FRANCE. " Proclamation No. 2 is likewise dated from Salami, 14th of May, and consists of 19 articles, containing instruction for organising an armed force." A letter from Naples of the 19th says :—" Yes terday the commissary of police, Salvati, and Capt• I.eCarnec, of the artillery, went to the Bourse, and after calling for silence, declared that official intelli gence had arrived to the effect that Garibaldi had cut his throat on bLolding the complete defeat of hie volunteers. Of course no one believed a word PARIS, THURSDAY. It appears, by letters received from French agents in Savoy, that great irritation is apparent among the population in that province, in" conse- quence of the slow progress the ratification of the treaty ceding Savoy to France is making in the Piedmontese Parliament. Mercantile men partieu• larly complain that there is a stop to all commercial transactions, and threats are uttered at Chambery and Annecy to adopt energetic measures. The in habitants say "If the Parliament will not act, let us act for ourselves—let us organise a provisional Government, and proclaim a definitive annexation to France without delay." The Noniteur publishes a decree promulgating from the present date the bill just adopted by the Legislative Body, relative to the duty on sugar, coffee, cocoa, and tea. The Director. General of Cus: toms has addressed a circular to the superior officers of the service on the execution of the new law. The following are the principal instructions which it con tains :—" The duty on home-grown sugars and those from the French colonies is reduced from 4of to 25fr. the 100 kilos. ,The surcharge on foreign sugars is lowered from sfr. to 3fr. for all countries out of Europe. The new law suppresses all distinctions of quality and modes of fabrication, as concerns the levying of the duties, so that all unrefined sugars pay the same duty. (restill • it is With respect to the importa tion of refined sugar, there is no change ; prohibited. The ministerial decision which had provisionally permitted the export of raw home. gr own sugars - without paying the duty on fabrica tion is regularised and confirmed by Art. 8 .of the new law. The rules usually followed in these ope rations, having been found to conciliate all interests and give sufficient security against abuses, will con. tinue to be observed. Molasses from the French colonies when cleared directly for consumption will only pay 7fr. per 100 kilos. instead of 12fr. No change is made regarding molasses intended for distilling. Art. 7 raises the basis of the yield in refining to 76 kilos. for candied sugars, and to 80 kilos. for lump sugars. It is important to observe with respect to the tariff for coffees, which is con siderably reduced in all its parts, that the duty on coffee from all ports out of Europe was regulated in the old tariff, according as the producing countries were on this side or beyond the Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn. The new tariff, while effecting great reductions, makes no distinction between coffees coming from India and those from all other places out of Europe. The differential duty in favour of Indian coffees is consequently suppressed. BOURSE, May 24.—The market was buoyant at the opening, but as the day advanced it again be came heavy, Threes, after having been done at 69f 55c and 69 60c, are now 691 45c. Mobilier varied from 667 f 50c to 663 f 75c ; Lyons, 870 f to 867 f 50c; Orleans, 1,330 f to 1,327 f 50; Southern, 520 f to 517 50c ; Austrian, 513 f 75c to 512 f 50c ; Lombard, 507 f 50c to 505 f. The following are the last quotations : ti per Cents. .... 95 75 Credit Fonder 830 Do. end month .. 95 75 , Belgian 4t 3 per Cents 69 401 Piedmontesa (5) .. 83 25 Do. end month 69 40 Roman B3 Bank Shares 2830 Austrian . 81 Credit Mobilier 667 50 Spanish Threes .. Do. Account ..... 665 Home Debt .. 46 25 BENSON'S WATCHES. " Perfection of mechanism."—Morning Post. Gold Silver 2to 50 guineas. Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet, descr" p the of every construction of watch now made, with their prices. Watches sent to all parts of the kingdom free by post, or to India and the Colonies for ss. extra. 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London, E.C. Established 1749. THFATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, SOMEBODY ELSE. Mr. C. Coghlan, tfiss Ida Sumner, Miss Brennan. Followed by TITS FAMILY SECRET. Messrs. Chip pendale, Howe, W. Farrell, Villiers, Buckstone, Mrs. B. White, Mrs. Fitzwilliam, Mrs. Wilkins, and Miss Amy Sedgwick. Alter wAich, a new fairy romance, THE PILGRIM OF LOVE. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Mr. Meadows, Miss C. Leclercq, Followed by THE FOOL'S REVENGE. Bertuccio, a Jester, Mr. Phelps. To conclude with THE LOST LETTER. Commence at 7. it DELPHI . , NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. • Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Re-appea-ance of Mr. and Mrs. A. Wigan—Third week of the populae American Actress, Miss Julia Daly. THIS k:VENING (eleventh time), ITS AN ILL WIND THAT BLOWS NOBODY GOOD. Messrs. Alfred Wigan, J. L, Toole, Stuart, Billington, C. J. Smith, Ward, Mrs. A. Wigan, and Miss IL Simms.. After which, OUR FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN. Messrs. Stuart, C. Selby, Billington, Eburne, Miss Julia Daly, K. Kelly, Laidlaw, and Mrs. Chatterley. To conclude with GRIMSIIAW, BAGSHAW, AND BRADSHAW. Box-office open from 10 till 5. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, £l. Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, 49. ; Front Circle Stalls, 3s. ; Pit Stalls, 29. ; Pit, ls. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, Is ; Gallery, 6d. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern 978 75 • • 977 50 New ditto 865 865 Lyons and Maditerranean 865 .. 865 Geneva 4lO .. 410 Southern Western 565 .. 563 75 Eastern Sardinian 415 .. 412 50 Austrian Lombard 505 .. 503 75 Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 14c.; money, 25f. 13e.; three months, parer, 24f. 90c. ; money, 241 87c. AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, MAY 25. The Canadian mail steamer, North Briton, from Quebec the 12th inst., which touched yesterday at Queenstown, has arrived. LATEST NEWS BY TELEGRAPH, VIA FATHER POINT. NEW YORK, MAY 12. The Baltimore Union Convention had nominated Bell and Everett as candidates. The House of Representatives had passed the Tariff Bill. According to Mexican advices Niramon had accepted the basis for adjustment as proposed by the English and French Ministers. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK. Cotton advancing. Middling upland 111 to 11Z higher. Breadstuffs showed a declining tendency Corn steady. Provisions steady. Stocks higher. NEW ORLEANS, MAY 11. Cotton steady, market unchanged. Sales of the week, 45,000 bales. Receipts of the week, 9,000. Receipts ahead of last year, 775,000 bales. CAPE OF GOOD ROPE. PLYMOUTH, MAY 24. 6 The Cape mail steamer Athens, Captain Clark, arrived here this afternoon. Her dates are—Cape, 21st ; St. Helena, 30th ult. ; and Ascension, 4th inst. She brings eight passengers. Lieutenant-Governor Scott was on leave 9f absence, in order to make arrangements for im proving Natal Harbour. Sir George Grey was expected daily. The vote for the emigration estimates would probably be repealed. Government would bring in a Convict Exclusion Bill, inflicting heavy penalties on captains bring ing, and persons harbouring, convicts. The latter would be condemned to renewed penal servitude. The Government would also bring in a Census Bill and a Crown Lands Bill. A bill proposing a rail way from Port Elizabeth to Graham's Town was strongly opposed among the eastern province members. A bill would be brought in for the construction of a breakwater in Table Bay, the estimated ex penses of which are £400,000. No sales of wines had taken place, as, the prices offered being lower, farmers declined selling. MR. CLARKSON' S` LECTURES ON ANCIENT EGYPT. Mr. Clarkson, on Tuesday, May 22, gave a lecture at the Grange-road Lecture-hall and Institute (Hampstead Toad), on the most recent acquisitions of antiquarian research and discovery in Egypt ; and announces a second on the tools, looms, factories, and trades of Ancient Egypt. On Tuesday, after touching on several extraordinary recent discoveries, the lecturer proceeded to show that not only were many of our choicest arts well known to the ancient Egyptians, but that to them we are indebted for the sources of many of our political and social institutions. Some questions, he ar gued, growing out of the inquiry, deserved Government commissions ; for instance,—lst. Are there any records extant of contemporary monuments of the 17th dynasty of the Jewish nation in Egypt? 2d. Are there any records extant of the contemporary monuments of the Pharoali Amenoph (18th dynasty) of Josephus ; of the erode, and of the circumstances preceding and accompanying that event ? Mr. Clarkson affirmed that there were. He said that he had always maintained that the subject, if popularised as it should be, comprised in itself the two great desiderata of the present time—" Entertaining and Useful Knowledge." But if it was not useful only, it was important. The trades and manufactures of Egypt would comprise an interesting volume. Illustrations drawn from the tombs give us a complete insight into the Egyptian workshops, storehouses, looms, laboratories, trades, and factories. To the trades naturally succeeded the tools employed therein. Many of them are painted truly of copper colour. The question of hardening copper so as to cut granite, led Mr. C. to that of " Lost Arts" generally, and to the extent of the chemical and scientific knowledge of the Egyptians; affirming that the Egyptian men of science were familiar with the artesian well, the prin ciple of the railroad, and with steam power. In the last inference he said he was supported by a great autho rity, Arago. He could, indeed, employ a stronger phrase than useful in referring to the inquiry—he would say it was important. It embraced important views of the foun dation of society and the origin and progress of civilisation. It was the pastoral family, which the 18th dynasty super seded, which besides the relics of their p2culiar architecture —pyramids, cairns, torliths—left with Them wherever they wandered—republics, embracing the widest extent of human freedom, in most cases being associated with com mon tables, common labour, common education ; and in some cases with community of goods. It was from then] that Sparta derived its public education; Carthage its free guilds; and Athens its vote by ballot, universal suffrage, and annual parliaments (or senates)! and from Athens, through Rome, the British Constitution is derived. If, Mr. Clarkson urged, the above details attested the serious import, as well as practical utility of the subject, the startling and often laughable analogy which the customs and manners of ancient Thebes bore to modern manners and customs demonstrated its inexhaustible fund of amuse ment and entertainment; concluding by quoting the pro verbial dictum—" The thing which has been is the thing which shall be, and there is nothing new under the sun." ja am-place, and laee oAirs.visit to Charlesthe have Mr. a darrivedMrs. s r y t i h n Ch A es i h a Vereker. Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Langdon have arrived at Fenton's Hotel from the United States. At an extraordinary meeting of the shareholders in the London Joint-Stock Bank, held yesterday, Mr. F. J. Delafosse was elected a director, in the place of the late Mr. G. Mee k. An extraordinary meeting of the Sittingbourne and Sheerness Railway Company is called for the 11th of Juue, " to increase the powers of the directors with re ference to the issue of the new stock or share c.ipital," au thorised to - be raised by the company's Act of 1859. The first report of the directors of the East India Steam Navigation Company (limited) states that a steamer and two barges have been elected, and will be ready for shipment during the month of June. Plans of them have been forwarded to India and favourably reported upon. The directors express their regret that the shares have not been so freely taken up as they might have desired, in con sequer se of which it may become necessary to make another pall of £'3 10s. ; yet they expeess a belief that a groundwork has been laid for a successful business. At an extraordinary general meeting of the In tereolonial Royal Mail Steam-packet Company (limited), held yesterday, Admiral Lord George Paulet, U. 8., in the chair, the report of the directors was unanimously adopted, and a dividend was declared at the rate of 71 per cent. per annum free of income-tax, for the five months ending Dec. 31, 1859. The amendments in the articles of associa tion rencltrecl necessary by the recent increase of capital were carried without dissent. Lord George Paulet ex plained to the meeting that he was compelled by ill-health to resign the chairmanship, retaining a seat at the board, and the Right Ilon. Lord Claud Hamilton, M.P., was elected in his stead. . _ _ EMIGRATION IN 1859.—The Statistical Abstrac states that 120,432 persons emigrated from the United Kingdom in 1859, of whom 31,013 went to Australia and New Zealand, 70,303 to the United States, 6,689 to the North American Colonies, and 12,427 to other places. This last number is very much greater than in previous years; but the whole emigration is the smallest of the last 14 years, with the exception of that of 1858 (which was rather less still) awl it is not quite a thitl of the emigration of 1852, D. Inc at 6,0 Itc po pei D( SU Ze eal