The Sun. — London, England, 1858-09-01 00:00:00

LOIsTDO'S AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILWA I.—NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE GOODS TRAFFIC. The Public are informed that the general Goods Traffic of STOKE. STO NE, LEEK, CONGLETON, MACCLESFIELD, and BURSLEM, rand all TOWNS on the NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE RAILWAY are received at Camden, Haydon Square, and at all the LONDON !IND NORTH-WESTERN GOODS OFFICES in LONDON. Rates a - ad other particulars may be obtained at the COMPANY'S GOODS OFFICES in LONDON,and at all the Offices of their Agents, MESSRS. PICKFORD & Co.; and at MESSRS. UHAPLIN & HORNE; who base madeextensive arrangements, from promptCOLLECTION and DELIVERY in LONDON, and in the TOWNS named above. By order. MARK lIIJISII, General Manager. Euston Station, London, August 1858. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Under the Management of Mr. Charles Kenn. Last Night but Two of the Present Season, which will conclude op Friday neat, Sept. S. THIS EVENING will be presented ehakspero's Play of nu, MERCHANT OF VENICE: Shvlock, by Mr. O. Kean; Portia, by Mrs. C. Kean. Preceded by the Farce of LIVING TOO FAST. ROYAL LYCEUM TFIEA.TB,E. Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer. TRIUMPHANT SUCCESS OF THE NEW COMEDY. THIS EVENING, EXTREMES; or Men of the Day, supported by Messrs. Emery, Falconer, Rogers, Barrett, Mesdames Charles Yourg, Weston, and Miss Kate Saxon. To conclude with the New Farce, RICKS and HALFPENCE—Messrs. Emery, J. Rogers. and Barrett. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at 7. Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. C A NTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road. OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The following company of Vo• enlists are eagaged for the performance of Seleetione from all the popular OPERAS, 3IADRIGALS , CHORUSES, GLEES, DUETS, kc., vie.:—Miss Russell, Mrs. Badsey, Miss Brunel], Miss Ray, Madame Bartoletti, Miss Montague, Mrs. Lawrence, and Mrs. Anderson Herr F. Jonghmans, Mr. Renshaw, S. Jones, J. Barker, W. Melling enor Antonio, E. L. Ilime, Mr. Badzcy, Senor Tiroli, Mr. Cozens Mr. sell. Mr. Barnard, and Mr. St. Albyn. Mr. John G. Forde and E. W. Mackney. Pianoforte, Mr. Cecil Hicks ; harmonium Mr. Courtnay; Director, Herr F. Jongtimans. Commence at seven 'clock precisely. Suppers, &c., until twelve o'clock. THE WEATHER—SuN OFFICE. SEPT. 1. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 6.s—highest since noon yesterday. 50—lowest this morning and during the night. 67—this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29.76. WIND S.W. ; light and fine. We yesterday pointed out the improbability of the East India Proprietors demanding the redemption of their capital stock, as they are entitled to do, within 12 months from this day. The Company will, there fore, in all human probability, remain in existence sed "quantum mutatus ab illo Hectore" until 1874. It will be something like the Greenwich or Chelsea pensioner, babbling of its quondam exploits, and thankfully pocketing the stipend provided in grate ful recollection of former services. But what is it to do with the sums receivable either on account of dividend or of redemption of capital ? Are they to be paid to the Directors on behalf of the Company, or to the individual proprie tors ? and will they be the exclusive property of the latter, or be liable to all demands that may be pro perly made against the Company ? On this point the right hon. and learned gentlemen completely differ, there being two on each side the Attorney-General and Sir R. BETHELL taking one view, and the Solicitor-General and Mr. WIGaaM, Q.C., the other. This, as we recently stated, may give rise to a fertile crop of litigation, which should be nipped in the bud, and which will, doubtless, be prevented so far as practicable by Lord STANLEY or his successor for the time being. All the legal authorities agree that " the right of the East India Company to trade was suspended only while the territorial government was confided to them, and that upon the termination of their terri torial government the right of the Company to trade revives." They, however, add, that "this right to trade would be confined to enterprises of the nature specified in the charters and statutes of the Com pany ; and, moreover, they are of opinion that, frost the lapse of time and the change of circumstances, it would not be found that practically trade could be carried on with advantage under the present consti tution of the Company." This is a point that the Company can decide for themselves. They have a right to trade under the circumstances and conditions specified in their ancient charter and statutes. And although it may not be judicious to do so, yet no tribunal can interfere with their vested rights and privileges, which, after a long sus pension, have this day been revived. They are the sole judges on that question, and are so fortunate, in case they should decide on trading, as to have limited liability, so that each proprietor will be only re sponsible for the amount he has actually invested. The subject cannot, therefore, be considered as com pletely set at rest ; and there are many wealthy capitalists who might feel disposed to offer a hand some bidding for the rights and privileges which the legal authorities consider could not be advanta geously made available under the present constitu tion of the Company. Questions of some import ance may arise on this point, and persons may be come proprietors of East India Stock for the pur pose of resuscitating the moribund Company, and turning it into a leviathan trading corporation. The great difficulties refer to any possible " defal cation or loss," arising from the misconduct or mis management of the Company's agents, in the pay ment of dividends or otherwise. It is agreed that if it be a defalcation or loss as to the monies pro vided for the payment of dividend, and handed over to the Company for that purpose, or if it occurs by a servant of the Company permitting or making an irregular or unauthorised transfer, the loss must fall on the Company. But how is that loss to be satisfied ? That is the problem which requires solution, on which the highest legal autho rities are at issue. The Attorney-General and Sir R. BETIIELL are of opinion that the dividend and redemption money, being appropriated by statute, there would be no general property of the Company to answer any such liability, which would therefore be only nominal. The Solicitor-General and Mr. WIGRAM, on the other hand, consider that the £lO loe per cent. on six m illi ons , an d a l so t h e redemp tion money of twelve millions, would, when paid over to the Company out of the revenues of India, and before division among the members of the Com pany, be assets of the Company, and be liable to sa tisfy any demands to which the company may re main subject. There is a similar difference respect ing the capital of £12,000,000 sterling to be applied to the redemption of the dividends. The Attorney- General and Sir It. BwrizEr.r. are of opinion that this sum, when paid, could not be dealt with in any other manner by the Company th an b y t h e payment to each proprietor of the amount of his share of the capital stock, and that the question—whether, under the circumstances supposed, the Company should come to any formal resolution as to the appropria tion of the money—is immaterial, inasmuch as no resolution of the Company can affect the right of the proprietors of stock to their respective shares of the twelve millions. The Solicitor-General and Mr. lISKAM consider that this sum of twelve millions is to be paid by Parliament to the Company, and not to the individual proprietors of the Company, and that when so paid *it would represent and would he he capital stock of the Company, an d accordingly be subject to all liabilities of the Company. They also think that , under these circumstance s , the 3ut most right of a proprietor would b e to i nsist that, if the trade of the Company was not rev i ved, these liabilities (if any) should be ascertained and di s . capital divided amon g t h e charged, and the surplus proprietors according to their respective interests. These are serious matters, which imperatively re quire legislative interference before they can be finally and satisfactorily set at rest. Indteg , it would be for the benefit both of the proprietors, and of the community at large, to have the verae:e qua:et:ones decided with the least possible delay, and the entire dividend redeemed, although at a higher price than the £12,000,000 already allocated to the purpose. As we have already stated, it would save some £380,000 per annum to the nation, and that would be a very appreciable item in the first budget of the Financial Minister. The Colonial Secretary bad scarcely been installed in office when, as we all know, he abolished the blundering old mail contract with Australia. The ,=."5:f...') .... , _le k''.....' 1111, !,• 072----:,- • . "5. .... (.14i__ .., I , b , , sWit. , ~,„ A, o it - .",,,, '„, ./ E L'. . 01 0 e:' ). ' ' V. THE SUN. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1858. grievance thus got rid of had long been glaring. It had come at last to be simply intolerable. So_ with a stroke of the pen, as it were—the thing was at once summarily done away with. Whil e t h e Re formers (so-callcd) were in power, we had to groan helplessly under the weight of this among other kindred annoyances. Directly the old T obstruc tives (so-cidled) came in their place, there was forth with visible in this direction and in that, here, there, and everywhere, a clear sweep with the besom of destruction. Despatches that had remained unac knowledged at the Foreign-office, were, without any further delay, answered. A deficit at the Treasury was replaced by the reasonable prospect of some thing like a surplus—and this without any grinding burthen in the way of additional taxation. Some thing required to be at once adventured upon in regard to the abomination of the 'Thames, once a limpid river, now a loathsome cesspool—full power to act was at last boldly vouchsafed the hitherto hampered Metropolitan Board of Works. To Mr. THWAITES and his colleagues the responsibility was deputed frankly, almost unconditionally. Descend ing even to matters of mere local interest—there was the Nelson Column in the heart of the British capi tal still—to windup the Whig Chapter of Accidents —disgracefully unfinished. The Chancellor of the Exchequer—of all men in the world, the very Chan cellor of the Exchequer—relaxed his grasp upon the national purse-strings, and spontaneously pledged himself to the removal (as quickly as art and enter prise could well contrive it) of this miserable blot upon the national escutcheon. It was, therefore, only in strict keeping with the rest of the Ministerial acts, when her MAJESTY'S Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, in the early part of last summer, inaugurated his accession to power by a variety of bold measures in the way of innovation and reorganisation. Suddenly called into existence a new colony in the shape of British Co lumbia ! Doomed to an inevitable downfal thereby the monstrous old commercial monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company ! Concluded an exchange with France of two little colonies on the coast of Africa—an exchange that immediately, as if by magic, put an end to a series of disastrous heart burnings on our own part and on that of our Allies ; quieting troubles, almost squabbles, that had pre viously threatened to be wellnigh interminable ! And among other changes for the better—bold, prompt, and thorough—extinguished upon the in stant the old delusive will-o'-the-wisp, the old teasing tantalising ignis fatuus of the now dead and gone mail contract between this country and its colonists in Australia. Now that the work of destruction has been fairly accomplished, there comes pressing upon us more and more heavily every day the necessity of at tending quickly and vigorously to the toil and re sponsibility ssf reconstruction. The old mail con tract done away with—a new one must be at once established. The Colonial Secretary who has " done the deed" requiring this inevitable sequel— needs no reminder of the responsibility he has thus created for himself; of that we may certainly rest perfectly well assured. It is natural enough, however, that before another and a better and wiser, and more effectual mail contract is entered into at the instance of the right hon. baronet, it is perfectly reasonable, we say, in anticipation of this, that those who are more deeply interested in the transaction than anybody else could be sup posed to be (meaning the Australians themselves) should seek to bring their own views upon the matter early and betimes before Sir EDWARD LYTTON, as the chief of the Colonial Department. Hence a memorial is prepared setting forth the whole case clearly and logically—it is signed by some four hundred influ ential merchants and officials—it is conveyed to the Colonial Secretary and read to him, and enforced with spoken arguments by the members of an inte resting and authoritative Deputation. The Deputa tion was received on Monday afternoon in Downing street, was received and listened to by Sir E. B. LYTTON, and after eliciting from him every possible encouragement that could be reasonably hoped 1,,,r under the circumstances, was not injudiciously re ferred by the right hon. baronet to the Treasury. The particular memorial presented to the Colonial Secretary by this Deputation, although divided into some nine or ten separate sections or paragraphs, appears to us to have compressed the whole pith and marrow of it into a single one (the fourth), namely, that which argues, powerfully and sententiously, "that while, in deference to the wishes of the southern and western colonies of the Australian group, the route by way of Suez should be main ained, the interests of the northern and eastern colonies demand that a new route by way of Panama should be established, the mails being conveyed alternately by either route, so that each portion of the whole group may share equally the great advantage derived from being made the point of first arrival and of last departure of the mails." Upon the advantages which must by necessity accrue from precisely such an arrange ment as this, we ourselves have often before now, and sometimes at considerable length, expatiated. As to the inadequacy of the old system, that adhering exclusively to the one route via Suez, the next paragraph of the memorial is sufficiently explicit, 1 1 when it says, "that the insufficiency of the postal service via Suez to the wants of the northern and eastern colonies is such, that twice only in the time during which it has been in use have replies been received from Sydney by return of post : it is com paratively of little use to the district of Moreton Bay (about shortly to be erected into a separate colony), which would receive its mails tin Panama as soon as Melbourne ; and New Zealand, although willing to share the expense, can derive but little advantage from the service." Shortly after all which follow s the satisfactory intimation, " that the feeling of the colonists of New South Wales and New Zealand has already been so clearly manifested, that the Govern ments of both those colonies have unanimously voted a large sum to establish a mail service by the Panama route ; the former £35,000 a year, the latter £15,000." Altogether just exactly , Cso,oooannually, guaranteed by the Australians themselves, to defray the expenses of conveying the mails to and fro be tween Panama and our antipodes. The last assur ance given to the members of the Deputation on Monday must have been to them the most acceptable of all—namely, his distinct avowal that he himself is not only in favour, but strongly in favour, of the double route—vi(i Suez, rut Panama—going and coming every fortnight alternately. It is half the battle won. The next thing to be done, as was intimated to the Deputation—is to storm the Treasury ! The Earl of Malmeshury arrived in town yester day afternoon, from attending her Majesty during her visit to Prussia. The Earl of Beverley and Lady Louisa Percy intend to pass the winter at Torquay. Lord Stanley has returned to town from visiting the Chancellor of the Exchequer at his seat in Bucking hamshlre. Mr., rlra., and Miss Phillips have left the Queen's lintel, Upper Norwood, for Brighton. LONG'S HOTEL — Arrivals : Mr. and Mrs. Sitwell and the Rev. L. Corbett, from Paris ; Baron and Baroness Stockl, from the United States; Baron Maltvihn, from Germany; Lord North, Sir John Ivor Guest, Bart., and the lion. Chas. Eliot. effect. Some NEW INDIA ACT.—To-morrow (Thursday) the new act for the better government of India will take on the suSbojniecert day of its a received the royal c the expiration thereof." The a several Presid misunderstanding i has existed as to the precise that but the words of the statute are clear o r , i t t ) shall " commence and take effect on I to take etit u c c t l it s i ' lli r l l a. fr° ' t on THE DEAN 01. CAl:mt. n. BTON.—The Bishop of Car s li lL, l . assent- days after the to o lie b day of the passing pasted on na ti t te he 2i d .l aey ef August, when it urpose of inquiring into ot holding an open court an e for the P dean (Dr. Close) and the Rev. Thome " M.A., late minor canon and precentor of s ti venyd. p o r f oc t l i a je i m p e r d o in la a t ja he . ANDi P REC p ET: toy TO tb it eetw L de i ee N an i N I, a hl ne ,-iraus announced hi e inte n tion for n x i :O c t Gott Cathedral. It Livingston, Will be remembered that Mr . Liviox•ntoe by somewhat office unceremoniously dismissed from his otti consequence of his not showing sufficient respect to that high ecclesiastical functionary. The bishop, as visitor, will he called rtpon to adjudica►e between the parties. The sub ject has created some excitement and not a little ill feeling in Carlitle. Pim INIETItoporxrAN FREE lIOSPITAL.—The aggre gate number of patients relieved during tile week ending Aug. 28 was—medical, 725; surgical, 403; total, 1,128, of which 505 were new cans. iTHE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 1, 1858. THE QUEEN'S RETURN FROM GERMANY. ANTWERP, MONDAY NIGIIT. Many hours before this letter meets the public eye, the joyful intelligence of her Majesty's return from her late sojourn in Germany to her loyal and devoted subjects will have been Proclaimed from one end of the kingdom to the other. The advent of the Queen at this port of embarka tion was signalled by the arrival here this morning, at eight o'clock, of three of the Royal carriages, with their horses, by the railway train. The fact having been known, the good people of this city were on the qui vine to get a sight of the illustrious voyageurs, and every window along the line of quays was speedily sought after, from which a dew of the embarkation could be obtained. As the day wore on, the streets became more and more thronged by eager spectators, and many forms and chairs were put in requisition in the fronts of the houses for the accommodation of such as were willing to contract for this al fresco elevation. The port itself presented a brilliant and animated appearance. Occupying the most prominent place in the middle of the river floated the magnificent steam yacht of her Majesty, the Victoria and Albert. Surrounding her were the other vessels which formed the Royal flotilla, ♦iz., the Osborne, the Banshee, the Fairy, the Black Eagle, and two other vessels the names of which we could not ascertain. That superb steamer the Vivid, belonging to the Royal and Imperial Mail Company, which came from Dover for the special purpose of giving its services on the occasion ; the Baron Osy, the Southampton, and a crowd of other steamers and vessels, lent also their assistance to the naval pageant, all of them being profusely decorated with the flags and streamers of England, Belgium, and France. So much for the appearance of the river. Throughout the whole line of quays the national flags were also to be observed floating from almost every house, and everything betokened the high respect which the people here feel towards the beloved Sovereign of England. A battalion of the 2d Regiment of Chasseurs, with their band, under the command of General Lefebre, arrived by the train soon after two o'clock, and took up their position upon the quay in front of the Royal yacht. The general was accompanied by several other distin guished officers, who rode on horseback with him at the head of the troops. Precisely at three o'clock the . Royal convoy arrived at the station, conveying her . Majesty, the Prince Con sort, and the other personages comprising their suite. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Brabant, and the Couat de Flandres, having received the Queen and Prince Albert at Malines, accompa nied the illustrious travellers to Antwerp. The august party entered the Royal carriages in waiting at the station, and, preceded by two outriders in the rich scarlet livery of England, drove rapidly down to the quay amid a heavy shower of rain which then began to fall. On their appearance at the place of embarkation there was much cheering, and other expressions of affection and respect. In the first carriage were her Ma jesty and the Prince Consort, who respectively bowed their acknowledgments for the kind reception that was offered them. The Queen, leaning upon the arm of her illustrious husband, and followed by the Duke and Duchess of Brabant, the Count de Flandres, and members of the royal suite proceeded down the wharf (which had been carpeted to the water's edge), amid the music of the band, which struck up the National Anthem. Alongside was the royal barge, the Bos phorus, covering the stern of which was a rich canopy. As soon as her Majesty had put her foot on board a royal salute was fired from one of the vessels at the opposite side of the shore. This was quickly followed by a salute of 21 guns from five pieces of artillery which were this morning placed at the Tate de Flan dres, to do honour to our Queen. The guns of the fort then proceeded to thunder forth their apprecia tion of the occasion, and continuous rounds of can non were heard up to the time of the departure of the royal squadron. The royal barge was manned by 10 rowers, being seamen belonging to the Victoria and Albert, who gracefully propelled their little ves- sel with its precious freight alongside the steam yacht. On reaching the ladder which hung from the side of the latter, the men composing the crew fell into rank upon the deck, and lifting their hats from their heads, shouted out their welcome cheers to their beloved sovereign. On her Majesty and the royal party reaching the deck, these cheers were renewed, the cannon bellowed forth a special peal and the men on board the other vessels immediately manned yards. The coup dwil on all sides was most striking, and the scene one of intense interest and grandeur. The royal party arrived on board at about a quar ter before three o'clock, but the whole of the lug gage was not arranged until a few minutes before fire o'clock. At about a quarter before five o'clock the Dake and Duchess of Brabant and the Count de Flandres, having bid farewell to Queen - Victoria and Prince Albert, descended from the royal yacht, and were rowed to shore in the Bosphorus. Upon their re turn to the quay their royal highnesses were received with great acclamation by the people, the band play ing the Belgian national air the "Brabanconne." At five o'clock precisely the Victoria and Albert was put in motion, and proceeded down the river on its voy age to England, followed by the Osborne, the Ban shee, the Fairy, the Vivid, and the other vessels in the royal suite. The Queen and the Prince Consort were attired in plain travelling dresses. The Duke and Duchess of Brabant and the Count de Flandres immediately drove back to the railway station, from which they were conveyed by special train to Brussels. Although the weather was generally wet and windy throughout the day, a favourable change took place soon after her Majesty's departure. The Berlin correspondent of the Ilecurseur states that " The adieus of the Queen and her daughter the Princess Frederick William were most touching. Her Majesty did not wish, on account of the warmth of her emotion when she left the Princess, that the Prince Frederick William should accompany her be yond Wildpark. The Prince and the Princess of Prussia, the Grand Duke and the Grand Duchess of Baden, accompanied the Queen as far as Madge burg." Amongst the latest arrivals here are announced the Count and Countess de Lindenfels, family, and suite ; the Count A. de Praslin, from Paris ; the Marquis and Marchioness of Taliacarne and family, from Sardinia ; the Right Hon. J. W. Henley, the British President of the Board of Trade, and family, and a great number of other persons of distinction. The Baron Osy arrived this morning from London with 163 passengers, amongst whom were the Duk e de Aumale, suite, and as Italian princess. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Consort landed at the Admiralty Pier, Dover, at abort 10 o'clock yesterday forenoon, from Antwerp. Although the landing of her Majesty was unex pected, a guard of honour was in readiness to re ceive the Queen, and a salute was fired from the heights. The chairman, the Hon. J. Byng, and the general manager of the railway company, were hi attendance to 'Hord every attention to her Majesty and Euite. 'The special train resellcd ITastings n.cim Dover at one p.m , and after a brief delay, left for Portsmouth, where the illustrious party embarked for Osborne. ARRIVAL OF THE QUEEN AT OSBORNE. FROM THE COURT NEWSMAN. OSBORNE, AUG. :3 1. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Consort arrived at Osborne at half-past four o'clock this afternoon from the Continent. COLOGNE, AUG. 29. Upon the evening of the 27th there was a large dinner party at Babelsberg. Her Imperial Highness the Grand-Duchess Marie, Duchess of Leuchtenberg, who had arrived at Potsdam, was amongst the guests. Yesterday morning her Majesty the Queen and the Prince Consort left Potsdam, at half-past eight o'clock, on their journey homewards. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Prussia, and Prince and Princess Frederick William, and the Grand Duke and Duchess of Baden accompanied her Majesty in the railway carriage a part of the way. Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Charles of Prussia, Prince Frederick Charles, and Prince Adalbert took leave of her Majesty at the station. All the principal officers of the Court were like wise in attendance, and a considerable assemblage of people. At the small station at the Wild Park the Prince and Princess Frederick William took leave of their royal parents, and entered a carriage which was in waiting to convey their royal highnesses to Berlin. At Magdeburg her Majesty and the Prince Con sortovith the Prince and Princess of Prussia, and the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Baden, alighted from the train, and proceeded in carriages to the Government House, where breakfast was provided. Her Majesty was received here by the Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar, who had arrived from Weimar to meet her Majesty and the Prince. The railway station, and the streets through which her Majesty passed, were filled with dense crowds of people, who received her Majesty with loud acclama tions, and throughout the town the greatest enthu siasm was displayed. Many of the houses were handsomely decorated, and the windows were filled with well-dressed persons, who joined in the shouts of the people below. The principal officers and authorities of the town were presented to her Majesty by the Prince of Prussia. After a visit of about an hour, her Majesty and his Royal Highness returned to the railway station, and there took leave of the Prince and Princess of Prussia, of the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Baden, and of the Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar. At Brunswick, at Minden, at Dortmund, and throughout the route, the stations were ornamented and crowded with people, who received her Majesty with enthusiasm. The Queen frequently bowed to the assembled multitudes in acknowledgment of these tokens of respect and goodwill. In consequence of unavoidable delays, it was nearly 10 o'clock before the train arrived at Deutz, where great preparations had been made for her Majesty's reception. A guard of honour was drawn up in the station, and upon alighting from the carriage the Queen and Prince were received by the Prince of Hohenzollern Siegmaringen, and Count Alexander Mensdorff. After speaking a few words to the principal autho rities assembled, her Majesty and his Royal High ness entered a carriage, and accompanied by Prince Hohenzollern and Count Mensdorff, proceeded to the Bellevue Hotel, where also a guard of honour was drawn up. The streets 'were crowded with people, who re ceived her Majesty with the warmest demonstra tions of attachment, and the houses, down to those even of the very poorest, were generally illumi nated. The Prince of Hohenzollern and Count Alexander Mensdorff remained to supper with her Majesty. This morning Divine service was performed before her Majesty the Queen, the Prince Consort, the ladies and gentlemen in attendance, and the servants of her Majesty's establishment, by the Rev. Mr. Glover. THE EXPEDITION TO THE ZAMBESE. The following letter has just been received by Mr. J. Aspinall Turner, of Pendlebury House, Manchester, from Dr. Livingstone : " Screw steamer Pearl, June 10, 1858. "My dear Sir,—l am happy to be able to inform you that we have had a prosperous voyage ever since we left Liver pool, and that, after a good deal of what way be called ex ploration, we are now threading our way up the Zambese. "We went first of all to the most southerly branch, as that was reported to be preferable to the main stream, but after going up about 70 miles, we found that the connect ing link was choked with a peculiar kind ef grass or rush which floats on the surface; though a large body of fresh water was flowing through, the vessels could not proceed. The harbour and bar are both good, and for 70 miles a navigable river flows through extensive plains, where Sea Island cotton could be cultivated, and would be invalu able were it in the Cape colony. We then went to the Luabo, or Parker's branch, but found, though the river is very large, and the water fresh outside, a double bar ren dered it dangerous. Returning seven miles south, we found a very fine bar and harbour, called Kongone. This com municates by two branches with the main stream, and as one of these is only five miles long, we e n t ere d by that, and having the little steamer Ma Robert acting as a pilot to the larger, we are feeling our way as cautiously as we can. We tried another large mouth from the inside, but the bar was bad. There are many fine branches, but the Portuguese have kept them secret. "Near the mouth of the branch Kongone, my brother stumbled on cotton growing in a deserted native garden, which does not adhere to the seed as that I saw up the river, and the piie or staple is longer than the Angola cotton. I enclose a spechnen.* " When at Sierra Leone, I left there a small cask of seed for Mr. Gabriel, of Londe, and would fain have gone and tried to stir up some of the people of that country (de cidedly the best in Western Africa) to bring their produce to market. " I am distributing Sea Island seed to different persons on the Delta, and they express perfect willingness to culti vate it for sale. " We come, however, in what seems a most unfortunate position of afflrs, yet it may come out ultimately to be fir the best. The first news we got was that the Portuguese were all obliged to flee to the coast, and we found that such was actually the case—a half-caste had rebelled, and all had fled to Quilimane. Fortunately, we were not in the country at the time, or we should have been accused of stirring up the natives. • • • " I will let you know how we get on higher up. We have h a d no sickness yet. Quinine every day for all hands. • " With kindest regerds to Mrs. T. and your family, I am, yours most truly, " DAvtri LIVINGSTONE. " P.S. 21st June. We send the Pearl on her voyage sooner than we anticipated. We were strictly charged o run no risk with her. The river is now falling ; so that though a vessel drawing four or fiv e f ee t wou l d st ill go up to Tcte, she, drawing nine feet seven incites, would be in 'longer. ; l ' l n ' d ur o n u e r r, g E7q l M .1)." island, and go up by : n successive hips in the steam , J. Ast We ) a land our goodo (Jfl till island, and go up by successive li i ps in Ihe seano la! lieu. J. Aspinal * Very beautiful clean cotton, value about Bd. per lb.—J. A. T. IMPERIAL ECONOMY IN TURKEY. The following is a translation of the Hatti Hon mayoun of August 5 (18), addressed to the Grand Vizier : members Aiy incurredot illustrious o ht ilirem'Vizier,—apart celebration i .a p Tn ar i of ,ftrhol the marriages me t! aa 4 rr e nr c (4. li he t as s t necessa rilyf bv ya rtoes erial thoughtlessness and want cf economy on the part of mem bers of our Imperial household, various purchases are still made, contrary to our will. The regular allowance granted to the members of our Imperial family ought to suffice them, and it would be against our Imperial will should their expenditure exceed their income. And although, by another Imperial decree, it will he made known to all persons, natives and foreigners, that they are not to con sider themselves bound to deliver articles demanded of them with the idea that sooner or later they will be paid, nevertheless, as my above orders are to be issued to all functionaries and Employes, that measures may be taken to prevent the t en d e n cy t owar ds their infraction, and that they who infring e th em b e , if nece ssary, imprisoned and punished, and that a strict watch be constantly kept is that respect, we have thought it expedient to charge the Seraskier Riza Pasha with that duty, and, seeing the prox imity c f the Arsenal to our Imperial Palace, we have added to the Scraskeriate he now h o ld s t h e office of Muchir of Tophane (Grand Master of the Artillery). Anti as the Muchir of Tophas6, Mehemed Rushdi Pasha, is one of our distinguished Ministers, we ha ve • judged it fitting to make him a member of the Cou nc il o f Ministers. " Thus, having appointed both, we have charged them with the above functions, and send thew to our Sublime Porte. The Seraskier Pasha, the Minister of Finance, and ray the Minister of the Civil List are to assemble immediately, justand are to and agree on the steps to be taken in this matter.matte r. They are to ascertain which a mon g the existing debts are which,firm from Imperial in different will beingcatis causes , that t e s exorbitantueh abuses charact er; slia.‘l not take place henceforward, the discussien of the measures necessary for obtaining that end shall be com menced without delay." Ardl) R ANSATLANTIC COMMUNICATION.—We are able to announce ( says the D u b lin Even i ng that authority has beer, given by Ai r . H am il ton , th e Secretary of the Trea sury, to the Board of Works, to remit all port charges on the steam ve.Lsels empl o y e d by Mr. Leer, to ply between New Yot k and Gulway. This is a satisfactory pr s of that the Government will do all in their power to advance Irish, and, we will add, Imperial interests in connexion with Mr. Lea er's enterprise. 'IJIE LONDON GAZETTE.—In last night's Gazette there appear copies of general orders issued by the Gover nor-General of India from the military department, Allaha bad, June sth, 1838 , aud also despatches from the Deputy adjutant-General of the Army to the Secretary of the In dian Government ; from Brigadier Walpole to the Chief of the Staff, Bareilly ; from Captain Brown, 2d Punjab Cavalry, to the Assistant-Adjutant-General, Robilcuncl division ; from Brigadier. General Lugard, Azimghur Field Force, to the Chief of the Staff, and from Brigadier-General Jones, Shahjehanpore Field Force, to the Deputy-Adjutant- General. These despatches are accompanied by numerical returns of casualties on our side, together with the esti mated losses of acid captures from the mutineers. A sup plementary return of Europeans killed by the rebels at Cawnpore iu June, 1867, is also furnished by Mr. J. W. Sherrer, magistrate at that place. LA TEST INTELLIGENCE. 1••••••••••11•1111Wili : I'6 (By Electric Telegraph.) LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY MORNING. The ship Engle, from Melbourne, arrived this morning with 29,945 ounces of gold. She left Melbourne on the 18th of May. WEST INDIA MAIL. (By Electric Telegraph.) SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, The Orinoco steamer, Captain Baynton, has arrived with the West Indian, Mexican, and Pacific mails. Her dates are Vera Cruz, August 4th ; Ha vannah, 9th ; Greytown, Ist ; Colon, Bth ; Panama, Bth ; Jamaica, 10th ; Demerara, 9th ; Trinidad, 9th ; Barbadoes, 11th ; Grenada, 10th ; and St. Thomas, 15th. She brings 123 passengers, including his Honour Judge Athill, from St. Lucia, and the Bishop of Martinique. On freight she has $807,913, jewellery value £2,840, 512 serons cochineal, 43 tierces coffee, 166 bales tobacco, 146 cases cigars, and general cargo. On the 27th of August she exchanged colours with the English barque William Metcalfe, in lat. 44.10 N., long. 29.38 W. The markets at Jamaica were very dull. Coffee not in supply. Flour held at 28s. to 295.; tonnage plentiful, and two or three vessels had to leave in ballast. Exchange on London, 90 days, 1 per cent. prem. ; 60 days, 1 ; 30 days, 2. The British brigantine Golden Eagle, for Liver pool, put back to Port Royal on the sth August, having sprung her mast, &c. The young cane crops at Grenada were promising, but labour was much wanted. The wet season had closed in Demerara, and the weather was hot and sultry. The crops looked well, and a good yield of sugar was confidently expected. The New Militia 13111 had become law. Two cargoes of Portuguese immigrants had arrived from Madeira. The half-yearly meeting of the British Guiana Bank was held on the 30th of July. The affairs of the bank appeared very prosperous, and, after pay ing the usual dividend of 7 per cent., a good balance was left to meet contingencies. The House of Assembly at Barbadoes was in session. The amount of this year's produce shipped to date is 50,000 hogsheads. The news from the Pacific is unimportant. A favourable year for crops of all kinds is anticipated in Chili. The election excitement continued in Peru, and Castilla's re-election was generally anticipated. The Isthmus of Panama remained healthy, except ing a few cases of intermittent fever, caused by change of atmosphere. Heavy rains had fallen. THE BRAZILS. (By Electric Telegraph.) LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY MORNING. The following telegram has been received by Mr. Thomas Court, Secretary to the Underwriters' As sociation, in anticipation of the mail steamer : " Rio Janeiro, Exchange, 9.6.—Coffee 100 reis higher. " Bahia, Exchange, 25.. Sugar 100 reis lower. " Pernambuco.—Exchange, 251. Cotton uncer tain. " SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. " Gondola, Bonita, Corinthian, Onward, Alice Wilson, Prince Oscar, Frederick, John Carver, Senator, and Roderick Dhu, from Liverpool ; Greufells, from Callao, leaky ; Linda, from Callao, for Cowes, for provisions; and California, from New Orleans, for Melbourne, rudder broken at Rio Janeiro; Rosamond, Crystalline, Falcon, Canadian Lass, and James Drown, screw steamer, from Liverpool, at Bahia. " Mistletoe, from River Plate, for Liverpool, sailed on the 4th, after repairing. " Iron Gray, Matilda, Crusader, Lord Althorpe, Marie Louise, and Mary Ba3field, from Liverpool, at Pernam buco." FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY, 6 P.M. According to a letter I have received from Berlin the visit of her Majesty and Prince Albert to Prussia has laid the foundation of important political ties. It is also added that the Prince of Wales may become the husband of the Princess of Saxe- Meiningen. The Emperor of Russia is ever employed in pro moting the emancipation of the serfs. The Czar uses his personal influence with the nobles to ac complish this end. 200,000 individuals belonging to the Imperial palaces of Russia have lately been made entirely free. It is reported that efforts are being made to bring about a recon ciliation between Austria and Russia. It is even said that the Emperor Alexander will visit 'Vienna. The reconciliation of Russia and Austria is only a question of time, and must of necessity take place. Austria will approach Russia in proportion r. 9 the Anglo-French Alliance becomes consolidated and permanent. Mazzini's organ, the Paha (lel Popo has ceased to appear in Genoa. The Queen of England and the Prince Consort left the palace of Babelsberg at eight o'clock in the morning of the 28th ult., and proceeded to the rail way station at Potsdam, accompanied by the princes and princesses of the Royal family. Having taken leave of their Royal Highnesses, the Queen and the Prince proceeded in a special train to Magdeburg, at the station or which place her Majesty and his Royal Highness found the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar waiting to receive them. The Queen and Prince breakfasted with the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess, and afterwards proceeded to Deutz, opposite Cologne, where they arrived at ten minutes to ten in the evening. The Union gives the following account of the arrest of some Protestants at Alauberge, to which I have already referred :—" In the town in question there was a military sub-intendant, a zealous Pro testant. This functionary, being desirous to open a place of worship in the town, where there never had existed any Protestant congregation, succeeded in collecting a certain number of signatures, and wen t , to the mayor in order to obtain the requisite permis sion to assemble with the persons who had given their signatures and a Protestant minister. The mayor granted the authorisation ; but the Prefect of the Nord, being informed of all the circumstances of the case, revoked the mayor's decree. Notwith standing this, the military sub-intendant and the Protestant minister persisted in holding meetings for the purposes of worship with some workmen. The prefect caused the house of meeting to be surrounded by the police, and the persons within to be arrested, including the sub-intendant and the minister. It is probable they will be prosecuted for holding illegal meetings." I am quite convinced the central authorities in Paris will uut countenance the persecution of Protestants in any part of the empire. Already the question occupies the serious attention of the Mini,ter of the Interior. The Duke de Malakoff', who intended to leave Paris to-day for London, has detemined to remain a few days longer amongst us. The Imperial Prince will not accompany the Em peror and Empress to Biarritz, on account of a pre vailing epidemic which has carried off many children in that district. Lord Palmerston, who is on a visit to Earl Cow ley, will not return to Paris before Thursday next. _ - The Debats d evo t es a l ong article to the criticisms on Cherbourg whi c h h ave been indulged in of late by English orators and journals. Our contemporary endeavours to trace the source of the carping tone generally adopted by the FAid critics; perhaps it has not erred in attributing it to the causes detailed in the following passage : "Thus we see that the criticisms indulged in by the Eng lish on what they have seen at Cherbourg only relate to trifles, and need not disturb eithor cur vanity or the coati ;fence we have in our navy, both as regards our ships and our crews. These criticisms are evidently stamped with pre. meditated ill-humour, which, if we wish to be just, we may attribute to the ill-natured tone of many publications which have appeared here for some time past, and especially since the Indian outbreak. The embarrassments of the English have been both unjustly and unreasonably rejoiced in ; the question of the dismemberment of the British Colo nial Empire has been discussed in French publications; things have been said which M. de Persigny noticed the other day in his speech to the council-general of the depart ment of the Loire; and lastly, many a pamphlet has re peated under every possible shape, that steam had thrown a bridge over the Channel, and that Cherbourg had email nentalised England —a barbarism which is not only a sole cism in language, but also a fault against common sense. All this of course could not but be unpalatable to the Eng lish, and must inspire them with those feelings of resentment which we have traced in what they have said or written on our navy. It is not in these reciprocal exaggerations that the truth on Cherbourg can be found, and we shall seek it elsewhere." PARIS BOURSE.—The market has been more settled to-day, and prices have been steady. Forced purchases have continued in Rente. The option of premiums was effected on the Rente Three per Cents. at 701 r. 85c. Threes have varied from 70fr. 95c. to 70fr. 85c.; Mobilier, 782 fr. 50c. to 787 fr. 50c.; Aus trian, 652 fr. 50c. to 655 fr.; Orleans, 1,352 fr. 50c. to 1,355 fr.; Lyons, 825 fr. to 827 fr. 50c. ; Eastern, 725 fr. to 727 fr. 50c.; Northern, 957 fr. 50c. to 9601 r.; and Southern, 557 fr. 50c. to 560 fr. The market became firmer towards the close, when the following were the quotations : Fr. Ct. 4 per Cents... 97 75 Do. end of month 97 75 3 per Cent 7l 15 Do. end of month 71 40 Bank Shares Credit Mobilier. : 800 Do. Account..... 800 RAIL Cash Fr. CI Credit Foncier 625 Belgian 41 Piedmontese 5, Roman.— Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt 'AYS. 90 75 92 75 Orleans Northern New ditto Lyons & Mediterranean New ditto .. Geneva Midi Western .. Eastern Grand Central Sardinian — Austrian —Fr. Ct. Account—Fr. Ct. ,355 .. 1,355 960 • . D6O 810 .. 810 825 .. 828 75 615 - 558 75 630 - ....... 727 50 Gl2 50 557 50 627 50 730 - ENGLISH CRITICISMS ON CII.E.RIdOTIRG The Journal des Debate, which no one will accuse of viewing matters exclusively from a French point of view, devotes four columns in its publication of yesterday to a defence of the French navy and of French matters in general, in answer to the published attacks of English sightseers at Cherbourg. It tells us that, coming as we did as invited guests, it would not have been polite to have sent us home with our feelings hurt and our vanity wounded. And as the simultaneous presence of the squadrons of both nations at Cherbourg was certain, in spite of every care, to suggest invidious compari sons, the Debatshas hitherto reserved its remarks, and, like the French at Fontenoy, it has chosen to say—Messieurs lee A nglais, tirez les premiers. It thinks the English have fired first and without doing much damage. They left Cherbourg, it says, as women leave a ballroom, each one believing she carries away the palm of beauty and elegance. The Debate thinks this only natural and only what it expected; but it fancies that our pretensions to superiority, based on such frivolities as the famous exploit on the truck of the mainmast, might have been expressed with more courtesy and with more respect towards an allied and friendly people. Believing that the French ships of war do not in the least suffer in comparison with the English, the Debats does ample justice to our private and merchant marine. It con fesses its envy at the superiorite eclatante of the British flag as displayed in the waters of Cherbourg by the yachts of our gentry and the magnificent steamships of our rich and powerful navigation companies. It cannot, however, for give Mr. Roebuck for his gross impoliteness in calling French women plain; and with respect to the speech of Mr. Lindsay at Tynemouth it has the following remarks :—" During the trip to Cherbourg Mr. Lindsay was the envy and admiration of poor sea-sick Mr. Roebuck. But how did it happen that this practical sailor, Mr. Lindsay —this consummate nau tical authority, could laugh at us, because our vessels in saluting only manned the yard, One would imngiue that an old salt like Mr. Lindsay would have instantly guessed the technical reasons why it could not be otherwise. Whilst the English crews were kept to their ships, and had plenty of bands to be sent up the masts and,the rattlins, or to man all the yards, a great part of our ships' companies were employed in numberless duties on shore. Besides, whilst the Eng lish fired salutes of only 21 guns, requiring only five men to each gun to do it with all requisite regularity, our ships fired a succession of salutes of three discharges each gun, employing at least four men to a gun, and this would confine to the batteries at least 360 men in a 90-gun ship like the Arcole, the Eylau, or the Napoleon, &c. This, we think, could have been no secret. The dis charges of artillery so loudly informed everybody of the fact that it is difficult to conceive how a man of Mr. Lindsay's experience could not have taken notice of it. On the other hand, to be just with Mr. Lindsay, we will admit that the English sailors in their summer attire, in white shirts and trousers, made a gayer display on the rigging than our sailors on the yards. A few heavy showers that bad fallen advised the adoption of woollen clothes for our men, who had active service to perform in the roadstead, and who might find themselves far from their lockers. We will also confess that the blue lights of the Eng lish were brighter and lasted longer than ours, and that signal rockets, particularly the ones fired by the Queen's yacht, were more brilliant than those of our ships. But what is the importance of such details ?" Again it says " Alcorrespondent of the Times calls the Ville de Nantes a sailing ship, abhough, whilst on the stocks, the part which was surely most visible to the regard of the multitude was her stern, with a hole in the keel for the reception of the screw. Mr. Lindsay characterised our vessels as poor ships, the correspondent of the Times improves upon this, and eat them all ugly, the Bretagne an ugly ship, the Eylau an ugly ship, the Arcole, ugly ship, the .Napoleon, ugly ship, ugly, ugly, nothing but ugliness. It appears, however, that English naval officers are of a different opinion, parti_ cularly Admiral Napier, who on this point has with such pre cision called Mr. Lindsay and the correspondent of the Times to order and justice." The writer in the Debats afterwards alludes to the ad mi ration excited by the Napoleon in 1853 in Besika Bay among all the officers of the squadron commanded by Admiral Dundas, when that vessel, on a day of vexation for the English officers, triumphantly towed a three-decker against the current in the Dardanelles by the side of an English steamer that had tried the task in vain. He then remarks on the well-known beauty of the models of French ships, and on out' navy having copied them in so many instances. He concludes with expressing an opinion that the criticisms of the English on what they saw at Chet bourg relate only to miserable trifles, and should in no way inspire inquietude to French vanity, or the confi dence the French have in their ships, their men, or anything else. The Debats charitably attributes our exaggerated and ill-humoured criticisms to a revenge on our partsfor thestupi dales which have been written in the French press on our Indian embarrassments, as well as for the menace which has appeared in myriads of French pamphlets in the shape of allusions to the bridging of the Channel by steam and the continentalisation of England; and finally for there having been permitted in France such things as M. de Persigny referred to the other day in his speech to the Council- General of the Loire. . F. 1) E r. E c c T . ION, G IC E , July, 1858.—Allen, ROLL FOR WINCHESTER . C T O ee L s l d .E a Heygate,; li r! p l ll S,. U. L.. I/ " . "' P. R. 'I f G. S. • Kelly, H. It. ; . Kennedy, J. tftreatten n„r Walker, JohrA t ß ra a t r ig ro e 7 , J. S. ; Ilaygarth, F. • King, A. T. ; Brown, V. H.; I'reetuan, E. I'. ; Deedes, '.; Bissill, H. J. G. Stanbridgc, J. W.; R. S. ; Forster, A. S.; .Deedes, A .; ' Bryan, W. E . . ; Ful.: ford, C. J. It.; Wilkinson, E. ; Thorold, G. A. W. Exhi bLiutitoonnearns? j n o C h o n m so rn n o l n l. ers.—ilolland, F. A.; Worthy, E. A.; THE REPRESENTATION O F D UMBARTONSHIRE.— a-Dauillito Mail say s: —I t i s rurnoured retire into priv a t e lif e. I n Thent m o N r i . North 80117 e-itttisils about the event of Mr. Smollett's retirement, Mr. Archd. Orr Ewing, of Leven Bank, has been named as well qualified to fill the office. Mr. Ewing has for many years taken a prominent part in matters effecting the well-being of the county, and by his exertion, has done lunch to promote its social and commercial pt asperity. THE FIRST or SEPTEMBER.—The Essex Herald says :—The first day of partridge shouting "the glorion3 first," looked forward to with so much interest by our sport ing friends, holds out, we learn, excellent promise of sport in this county. From the favourable hatching season and fine summer the coveys are plentiful and large ; and though it is said the birds are likely to be found rather wild and strong on the wing, this, with the good shot, will increase the in terest of the pursuit, and afford scope fin. the display of the sportsman' s skill. The poachers, it is titre, have had rz, , ..acr au unfair start from the early harvest and tine cleating of the fields • but timely precaut i on l ass b een ta k en b y the very general hushing of the stubbles; and it will be found, we hope, that the contraband net has not. seriously robbed the gun and the legitimate game bag. Knights of the trigger, says the Sussex Advertiser, are all on the qui vine, looking anxiously forward to the approaching time for slaughter. There are plenty of birds, but as they are unusually strong on the vying, aad their resorts very bare, unless the long range is put into requisition the bags of the sportsmen will not cut so NSPeCLAbiV An appmanol mnaaY he w 16120. GOLD. Probably many of those adventurous prospectors who go roaming the world around in quest of "gold," that cherished emblem of riches from times immemorial, will lend incredulous ear when told that the coveted metal is widely diffused throughout nature. Few dominions of the world there are in which gold has not been extracted from the ground at some time or other. At home the Cornish tin miner amuses himself to this very day by collecting gold spangles thinlydistributed here and there amidst the less noble metal. Scotland has produced gold in much larger quantity. Ireland more generously still, though the mountains and river courses of Waterford, once so famed for their auriferous yield, furnish at this time not enough to be remunerative. As for Wales, the principality has even dared, subsequent to the gold discoveries of Australia and California, to advance her gold-yielding pretensions, as many a speculator "down cityward" would be able to testify with sad countenance and melancholy shake of the head. France, Sweden, Saxon)", Hungary, Bohemia, can all lay pretensions to the posses sion of native gold. In Spain the auriferous riches of the Darro and the Tagus in modern times have well-nigh equalled in repute the olden fame of Pactolus; but Russia of all dominions hereabout bears away the palm of credit for being a gold producer. Thus,without citing further testimony, the distribution of native gold seems to be very general in European regions. Directing our attention to countries farther away, the fact could readily be borne out, that whilst lead and tin and copper are localised as to their occurrence, gold is discernible far and wide. But how wide the distribution of gold has yet to be communicated. Chemists of good repute have asserted, and the assertion has never been contradicted, that the precious metal is discoverable i❑ the roots of the violet and the stalks of the vine. Supposing this to be the case, one of two things must have happened—vines and violets must have created gold (which nobody believes), or gold must be distributed far more widely than any person (some flighty chemist here and there excepted) ever permitted himself to imagine. Every now and then the village apothecary is accosted by some frantically excited old lady, who fancies she has dis covered a lump of the precious metal in her coals. He tells her it is only a vile compound of iron and brimstone, totally valuelers, though so beautifully gold-like and yellow. Curiously enough, however, and as if in vindication of the doctrine of signatures by virtue of which every natural body was assumed to bear external impress of its qualities and belongings, much of this iron brimstone compound (pyrites or sulphuret of iron) actually does contain gold, though so small in amount that it will not pay for extrac tion. It is only in one geological formation, bewever, that gold asserts its majesty, and shows itself in quantities grate ful to the eye of a miner. It loves to nestle in crevices of palaozoic or ancient rocks. During the very earliest history of our planet, whilst yet the animals upon it were restricted to a few low marine forms, there by some unknown operation of nature, gold in considerable proportions began to lay its yellow filigree-work along the crevices of the rock. Thence disintegrated by the mountain rills, flowing without ceasing for some thousands of years. and rolling down into river beds, the accumulated gold spangles there lie resting until disturbed by the enter prise or the cupidity of man. 'Whether in Australia, Cali fornia, or Columbia, the beds of rivers and streamlets are the places of greatest promise for gold. A considerable time before the auriferous capabilities of Australia were demonstrated, Sir R. Murchison had expressed his belief that considerable gold deposits might be found there, be cause of the similarity between the geology of Australia and that of the lira Han range. The geology of Australia reveals an almost total absence of secondary rocks. The long and interesting series of European stratified rocks, amongst which the Wealden and chalk systems take such a conspicuous part,seem absent in Australia. Remembering the fact that the rocks thus absent are, when they exist, the result of aqueous ,deposition) the probability is suggested that Australia remained above the ocean whilst all other portions of our planet were at one time or another submerged, and that the existing animals of Australia are only types of races which have long since passed away. Fossil geology lends colour to this view• Imbedded in certain portions of the British oolitic system, sad the same system in other parts of the world, are found animals of the kangaroo type—creatures only now found in Australia. Proportionately little of the gold hitherto brought into commerce has been produced by mining operations properly so called, and the gold mines known to fame are were like quarries than mines in the ordinary acceptation of that term. The reason is twofold. Not only is gold so ca priciously distributed that the ordinary intelligence of miners when seeking it is set at naught ; but auriferous rock , or ore, does not kindly yield up its treasures, like other rocks and ores, by the operation of smelting. Something may be generally described as consisting of the solution by fire and flux of the stony impurities which envelope the metal. The result is a glass or slag which floats on the surface, whilst the metal sinks below, and is collected in the fortis of ingot or button. Necessarily, in conducting this smelt ing operatisn, some particles of metal are lost—a matter of no importance whatever when ordinary metals are con cerned, but which has hitherto almost effectually defeated all attempts of extracting gold from its ores by smelting. Amongst the various attempts that way, the general prin ciple has been aimed at of combining some ignoble metal, such as lead or iron, with the gold ; thus adding to its bulk, and admitting of ready subsequent sePa' ration. For a combination of reasons, the smelting operation when applied to gold extraction has seldom answered; hence, whenever the precious metal is distri buted in particles too small for observation by the naked eye, some chemical process for laying hold of it and sepa rating it has always been adopted. Amongst these pro cesses amalgamation is generally the most used and most effective. It depends on the property which quicksilver has of dissolving gold as water dissolves sugar; funn ing a metallic pasty mass, from which the mercury can be dissipated by heat, and the gold obtained pure. Immense quantities of quicksilver are used in this way, titid also for the extraction of silver. Until within late years the greater quantity of quicksilver employed for these parposee was obtained from Europe (Spain and Carinthia). Recently, however, California, so profuse in gold, has yielded, and still continues to yield, enormous quanti ties of quicksilver, so necessary for extracting it. Viewed under this aspect of easy and cheap quicksilver sapplYl the auriferous regions of the Pacific coast of North America present advantages over every other. The con ditions desiderated by a gold miner, or rather a gold prospector, are peculiar. Fuel, the great necessity of all other metal-producers, he need not heed, except for his own pe r so na l wan t s , but water is a necessity. Without water he can only pick out such gold spangles as he sees—few and far between— amidst much ruh - Wil. Aided by water and some form of washing apps rates, oftentimes no more eaborate than a bowl of wood or tin plate, he can, by manual dexterity, wash away particles of earth and stony sand, isolating the golden dust, which remains behind. It' the region be civilised enough to furnish him with the water also fur making a cradle, much of the manual dexterity (so requisite with the simple bowl) is no longer needed. As abundance of water is indispensable to the gold prospector, so there may readily be in some cases too much; for example, when the gold field is situated in the bed of a stream. It is this con tinuity of sufficient water which has made California a more pleasant field of operations than Australia. What the Fraser River will turn out remains to be seen ; but there is reason to believe that during several months its flood of waters will prove embarrassing to the miner. MR. G. T. F. SMITH'S WEATHER PREDIC- TIONS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1855. From the 4th to the 7th or 9th, rainy; from the 9th to the 14th, generally fine and warm; increasing heat from the 9th to the 16th, accompanied with thunder and lightning, and consequently showers ; stormy and rainy from the 16th to the 231, equinox; from thence to the 27th, showery weather ; from the 27th to the 30th or 2d October, fine and warm, for the season. The warmest weather during September will be from the LOth to the 18th. Vittoria Cottage, 101, Hight-street, Cheltenham. THE NORTH FORELAND LIGHTHOUSE LANTERN.- The new lantern will be 14 feet wide, and 22 feet from the floor to the apex of the roof. It will be sixteen-sided, with diagonal astragals. By this direction of the astragals, the interception of light is confined to a small oblique space; were they upright, they would at certain points intercept the light throughout the whole height of the refracting belt. Moreover, the greater stiffness and strength which this ar rangement gives to the framework of the lantern make it safe to use more slender bars, and thus, also, absolutely less light is interc e pt e d. Th e panes of glass at the same time be come triangular, and are stronger than rectangular panes of equal size , . The lantern is formed for the most part of gun metal and copper, so as to render painting unnecessary. The St. Gobain glass is used, in the belief that it is very much better than English glass. If it be so our manufacturers should look to it, and learn the reason why. The cost of the lantern will be from £1,300 to £1,400; the cost of the light apparatus about £l,OOO. The new lantern will be completed and fixed in about six weeks from this time, to speak safety to the storm-tossed of all cations.—Builder. HOP INTELLIGENCE.—From the districts in West Kent we are informed that the hops are presenting a beau tiful appearance—bright, clear, and abundant, with few or no black bills, as was the case last year. In Mid Kent the hops are stated to be excellent, and, in propo r ti on t o the quantity of bine, rive every promise of a fine crop ; but as tire hive is generally deficient, the quantity will be consi derably smaller than was anticipated some time ago. The quality, however, is represented as le2ing very much ;levier. In East Kent and the Weald the grounds, we are old, have not much improved during the last few days in consequence of the cold nights. The hops, there fin e, it is said, though banging very thick, will be tuas•ly small, especially the Colegates; and from the neighbourhood of Frittenden we hear that, besides the injury done by the flea, many plantations are suffering from red rust and mould ; so much so, i n deed, that one grower has determined not to pick any. Mr. Springett, el' Goudhurst, commenced hop picking on Satur day last, and the hopping is likely to b ecome genera l this week and next. It is noticed that this year there is a much smaller immigration of Irish than for many years past; but we d ) not hear of any noticeable scarcity of pickers. The accounts received from the hop-growing districts of Sussex. and Surrey are somewhat vague. 'Generally they speak of the prospect of a good crop, though lighter than bad been expected some time ago. They state, however, that in mans' of the grounds the bine is slack; and that, as it is now too late to remedy this, the duty is not likely to be so high as they still set it in the Borough. Hop picking will be gene ral in thi; course of About a week.—sorettir ,Eastern Gazette' be th, I3a Pr 10