The Sun. — London, England, 1869-09-07 00:00:00

13PIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, The Times examines the details of Dr. Lankester's Annual Report of the Inquests held in Central Middle sex, which number over twelve hundred in the twelve mouths. It is difficult to make any absolute classification in a matter like this; the different classes have a ten. dency to overlap and melt into each other. For example, thirty-one deaths are ranked by themselves under a head now first introduced by Dr. Lankester as results of " excessive drinking ;" but he remarks that many so called accidental deaths are in truth due to intoxication, and that a large number even of suicides are traceable to the condition of the brain which is brought on by in dulgence in that fatal habit. Probably a stricter analysis would show that the deaths assigned simply to natural causes ought in the same way to pay toll to the column of deaths from drinking ; and deaths from natural causes might, we fear, have their majority further diminished were the cases in which violence and accident are, if not the direct, at least predisposing causes of the maladies which terminate fatally, capable of being estimated. The mortality, again, consequent on drunkenness has roots in moral and social defects which must be cured, if at all, by the gradual process of • education. Infanticide, which is represented rather less largely than usual, but still far too largely, in Dr. Lankester's annual register, springs from a combination of crime and immorality, and needs the same specifics as they for its treatment. But the average of deaths from accidents is an effect of snore superficial causes, and which might be brought in some measure within control. Even the deaths from natural causes are more or less amenable to human control and susceptible of diminution by a diminution in the crime, vice, ignorance, and carelessness which Dr. Laukester accuses of being the principal feeders of his court. The efforts now being made by the sect denounced by Dr. Lankester as anti-vaccination fanatics indicate the extent to which ignorance is related even to the ordinary agencies by which life is shortened. A belief like theirs, based half on a blind instinct of resistance to authority and half on superstition, may, as Dr. Lankester warns us, in a few years prepare a terrible harvest for smallpox. Flaws, if any, in the orthodox theory, cannot be removed too speedily. It is late in the day to defend the principle of vaccination itself ; but it should be considered whether there is any room for improvement in the process of ad ministering it to the poorer classes. The Standard says that the Highlands of Scotland are holding high festival. There is an almost unprecedented combination of great doings on the part of "liege and lord," and the gathering of Braemar has been more than equalled by the visit of the sovereign herself to the Tros sachs. If the Prince of Wales, the Prince and the Prin cess Christian, and Prince Leopold have been the guests of the Earl of Fife, Mr. Stewart Macnaughten, the pro prietor of Invertrossachs, may boast of being the enter tainer of her Majesty. The scenery, in the very heart of which the Queen is now staying, may be said to be almost as familiar to the great bulk of her subjects as it is to the royal author of the " Iligbland Diary," and in exploring its beauties at the present time the Sovereign is but taking a leaf out of her people's book. We in Lon. don are accustomed, and rightly so, to pride ourselves upon the healthfulness and the beauty of our metropo litan pleasure-grounds. But it must be confessed that the advantages which we possess in this direction are alto gether surpassed by those whose lot is cast on the north side of the Tweed. What Gravesend or Southend, Hampton Court or Bushey Park, are to the inhabitants of London, that the Trossachs, Loch Katrine, and Loch Lomond may without exag geration be said to be to the inhabitants of Edinburgh. At present there must be another interest than the purely historical or romantic lent to the spots which her Majesty is exploring—an interest of a vastly different and a melancholy kind. It is not the first time that the sovereign has visited these haunts ; but whereas on former occasions it was as a wife with her husband, it is now as a widow. Every inch of the ground which she daily travels over, as Mr. Macnaughten's guest, she has described to us in the Highland journal which was written when her Royal Consort lived ; and it was the publication of that journal which more and more endeared her Majesty 0 every hearth and home in Great Britain. The Post thinks that the country is sufficiently informed now of the modes by which a representation of the opinions of the people is got together within the walls of the House of Commons, of the grounds on which the franchise is valued, and of the influences which bring a large proportion of its poasessors up to the poll to record their votes. It can hardly be necessary to continue any longer the system of inquiry by what is called a Commission. There are many and grave objections to this mode of procedure. The whole of the proceedings in the instances of Norwich, Bridgewater, and Beverley show to what an extent the inquiry, which is intended to purify, demoralises the constituency to - which it is applied. Is it to be supposed that such people as these will be reformed in their views or changed in their modes of action by wholesale disfranchise ment? Suppose it should be determined to hang tip Norwich, and Beverley, and Bridgewater as scarecrows in the electoral field—what then ? Will that process purify other constituencies? Not one whit. The experiment has been often made, and corruption by money has just as much influence and is as much resorted to as it was before Commissioners patted revela tions on the back, and Parliament visited on entire con stituencies the sins which it had foolishly, if not corruptly, condoned in individuals. Let us try some mode more creditable to law and justice, and more useful to the interests of the public morality. The Daily News declares that for any religious influence they exert, for any Church work they do, the cathedrals might just as well not exist ; the buildings are splendid failures, and the revenues are wasted. Dean Alford dis tinctly sees that in these days neither the Church nor the nation can afford this waste, and he therefore comes out with a proposal for Cathedral Reform. Not that the Dean is at all a candidate for disestablishment and dis endowment ; on the contrary, he defends his position, and merely demands to he made of use. His method of reform, proceeds on the assumption that there is a work for cathedrals to do, an useful function for them to perform. Dean Alford would not abolish deans, though some of the bishops have proposed to do so, and the only argument of the Bishop of Carlisle against it was, that " if the office of bishop and dean were united, it would be a confession that one of them is unnecessary." Dean Alford would make the dean the incumbent of the cathedral church, subject only to the bishop and next in dignity to him. Next to the dean should be the two archdeacons, both occupying canonries, and together with the dean superintending, the daily service. The Canons should be members of the diocesan clergy, all equal in rank, with no salaries attached to their office, but a liberal remuneration for work done at the cathedral in virtue of that office. In principle the suggestion involves a reform of all the cathedrals, and it is a signifi cant and encouraging fact that the scheme is not merely a product of the Dean's literary aefieity, but that it has been elaborated by him, and seat in answer to a circular from the two Archbishops, asking for suggestions for cathedral reform, and is made public by their permission. The Herald remarks that in France, in Belgium, in Italy, in Germany, the Roman Catholic clergy have endeavoured to monopolise the education of youth ; in every one of these countries the State, whether governed by an intelligent despot or a free Parliament, has inter posed, and taken the education of the people into its own hands, mainly in order to save it from the clergy. And in every case public opinion —especially the opinion of the educated classes—is against the clerical, and in-favour of the State system. • Cardinal Cullen has actually dared to order that the Sacraments shall be refused to all parents whose children accept the education offered them b 3 the Imperial Government. In no other country in Europr., democratic or oligarchic, Protestant or Roman Catholic, would so outrageous an insult to the State be tolerated for an instant. And such examples of oppression towards individuals, and disloyalty to the Government, do force upon thoughtful men a veryserious doubt Whether the principle of non-intervention may not be carried too far ; whether, considering the enormous power wielded by the clergy of the Burnish Church, it is altogether right or safe for the State to leave that power, without check or control, to be exercised at the will of bad or intemperate men for bad or questionable purposes, to be made an engine sometimes of extortion, sf,m,ti me , of personal vindictiveness, sometimes of party spirit, sometimes, as in the present instance, of obstinate resistan ce to public policy and cruel tyranny over thousanda of faluilis. In Roman Catholic countries the State has no scruples about restraining the abuse of so tremendou s a power—is it necessary that a Protestant Covernment should allow to the Rom's!' priest, a license which Roman Catholic rulers deem intolerable, or that we affect, scruples about interfering with the religions rights of 1 I the Church which her own children clearly do not ent er tein ? The Star observes that the difficulty in the way either of suppression or inspection of monastic institutions, lies first of all in the definition of them, and secondly in the discovery of them. If the definition is too narrow, it w ill easily be evaded ; if too wide, it will be intolerable interference, with thv liberty of the subject. The law must in any case be made applicable, alike to all sects, and if the Protestant Alliance gains power to walk into a Catholic ntleman's or lady's private room, in order t o i nqu i re if th o ere is anybody who would like to escape, it must give erpial authority to a Callao zealot to walk into 'lambed' Palace to ascertain that the Arch bishop of Canter:Hwy has, not put his housemaids in irons. The true remedy for any such possible restraint will, we think, be found in the general knowledge that it is wholly illegal, and that so much as a rumour of detention would set in force ample powers of the law to annul it. It may, perhaps, be open to consideration whether the law at present affords suffii eient facilities to procure a judical investigation when there is reasonable ground to suspect constraint. Perhaps a magistrate's powers in this respect might be enlarged or simplified. But beyond this it is impossible to go, for if people will agree to live together nobody can prevent them, and if one man or woman oppresses another, the law can do nothing more than promise a hearing U a cry for help is heard. _ • A SPEAKING MACHINE. Professor Faber's speaking-machine is to be exhibited at Hamburgh during the continuance of the Interna ticnal Horticultural Exhibiticn. It is said to articulate various words, and even to answer questions by simple sentences with wonderful distinctness. This is by no means the first invention of the kind that has beon exhibited. Wolfgang von Kempelen, the inventor of a chess auto maton, who was born at Preabnrg in 1734, and died at Vienna, 1804, both constructed a machine of the kind and wrote on the subject. The machine about to be exhibited at Hamburg is, however, more perfect than any previous invention of the kind. SHIPPING DISASTERS. Intelligence has been received at Lloyd's of the loss of the Chanticleer (barque), which came in collision on Thursday last with a brig, near Morte, and sub sequently sank in deep water near Ilfracombe. At the time of the collision the Chanticleer was bound to ll:warm:AlL from Cardiff. The name of the brig has not yet been ascertained, but it is stated she was greatly damaged. No lives were lost. The screw steamer St. Bcde, which left the river on Friday last for Cardiff, laden, is reported to have gone on the Maplin Sands. Efforts will be made to get her off. On Friday the Standard (barque), bou..d from Peterhead to Dantzic, went ashore near .Fairwater ; and the screw steamer Marathon is reported to have struck on the Salmedina Rock; near the mouth of the Guadal- quivir. THE SOCIAL SCIENCE CONGRESS. The arrangements for the forthcoming annual Congress of the Social Science Association, to be held at Bristol from the 20th inst. to the Gth of October, are progressing rapidly and satisfactorily. The list of presidents has been completed. Sir Stafford Northcote, Bart., M.P., will preside over the whole association, and deliver his inaugu ral address on the first evening of the meeting. Mr. G. W. Hastings takes the presidency of the jurisprudence department in which arrangements are being made for a thorough discussion of the questions of the relations between England and her colonies, charitable endowments, and the occupation and ownership of land. The Rev. C. Kingsley, lately appointed a canon of Chester, takes that of the education department, where the subject of education, whether of the upper, middle, or lower chases of society, will be discussed. Mr. J. A. Symonds, M.D„ of Eristol, will take the health department., when the spread of infectious and contagious diseases, dipsomania, and other health subjects will be considered. The economy and trade department will be presided over by the Eight Hon. Stephen Cave, M.P., the three special questions for discussion being the adminis tration of the poor laws, emigration, and the condition of the agricultural labourer. The vice-presidents of the various departments have also been appointed. The Congress will be opened lyith a. sermon to be preached by the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. During the sitting there will be a conference of ladies interested in educa tiOnal, sanitary, and other social subjects, under the superintendence of Miss Mary Carpenter. A working men's meeting is being organised, and evening soin:es are to take place. There will be excursions to Cheddar, Tin tern Abbey, and the training ship at the mouth of the river. THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND. The operations of the month ending the middle of July in New Zealand have been meagre. It was then the depth of winter at the Antipodes, and the cold and heavy rains impeded active movements. There were about the 10th of July about 1,400 troops, Europeans and friendly natives, in the interior. This is tiro force which was sent on the expedition to penetrate to the native fastnesses ; but being undertaken at the wrong season of the year it appears to have turned out a mistake. Some of the natives have been defeated ; but part of the colonial force Was surprised whilst on a reconnoitring expedition. The affair is thus described by the Times correspondent :—"lt appears that Colonel St. John, accompagied by nineteen of the cavalry force, left Galatea on the Gth of June, and, reaching a deserted village at Opepe, slept that night in the wharres, whence the Colonel and four of the force proceeded round the lake next morning. The natives in the immediate district were friendly, and as so often occurs in these expeditions, a reckless security pervaded the little camp. Some natives made their ap. pearance, shook hands, and talked awhile. They were mistaken for friendlies. Other natives were soon seen approaching, but the suspicions which their approach ex cited were excited too late. Before the cavalry could secure their arms ten of them were shot down, five of them escaping to the bush at the edge of which they encamped. One of these, a Cornet Smith, was long given up for lost. When at some distance from Opepe he was discovered by three natives, who stripped him almost naked and then tied him to a tree. Three days were passed in this wretched plight, the rain falling heavily during the greater part of them. On the fourth he managed to stretch the wet flax and liberate one of his hands. Speedily extricating himself, he continued Lis way in the direction of the fort. Ills only subsistence was grass and a few potato skins, the remnant of a Maori meal raked from the ashes of a deserted wharre. Once he was seen. Fortunately it was dusk, and he swam the river before Lim. Ilia cap floated down the stream and was fired at, while Le was safely hiding in the tall flax on the opposite bank. In ten days from the surprise at Opepe he reached Fort Galatea, and soon began to recover rapidly." The cold which prevails in the high land where the forces are situated is intense for New Zealand, and the ctothing of the men being scanty, each having but a sin gle blanket at night time, tent life to them is most unen viable. When marching, the troops were obliged to carry four days' provisions ; these, with arms, ammunition, and a blanket, were soheavy and cumbersome that the gr eat coats were in most instances left behind, and do not appear to have been forwarded afterwards. The men have, since their arrival, been occupied in road•making ; and hard work, short commons, rain, cold, and the inability to hut them selves have caused so much dissatisfaction that when 150 were ordered on the march, to effect a juncture with Colonel Herrick, they refused to proceed. So much for operations in the interior. On the West Coast very little has been done beyond capturing a force of natives with some women. During the twelve months ending June 9th, the total loss of the colonial forces in the war was 2G9 killed and 127 wounded, the loss of the Europeans being about 140 killed and 100 wounded. Time Mimics have had 269 killed and 283 captured ; but since the 9th of June the number of prisoners has considerably aug mented. There has been a change of Ministry, and the new Government comes in with a new policy. - TIM FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE.—Tho Durham Advertiser regrets to learn that this disease is rapidly spreading in the neighbourhood of Durham. Sir Trevor Wileler, Bart., of Wellesbourne, Hastings, Warwickshire, one of the few remaining Waterloo veterans, has just died at Limerick House, Leamington. Sis Trevor was born in 1792, and was there fore 77 years of age. Men were at work all day on Sunday in the construction of the railway en the Thames Embankment. The engines were in full eperation during the whole of the twenty-four hours of Sunday without a moment's cessation. Worcester is already full of yisitors for the festival, which commences to-day. Mr. Sims Reeves, Madame Patey, Madame Lemmers-Sherrington, and nearly all the principal artistes arrived on Saturday ovenit:g. On Saturday two rough lads annoyed a stall keeper at Carlisle by playing practical jkles upon him. He ran after thrm, and ono of them felled him with a ftene, which struck him on the head, and killed him on the spot. The Its. Dr. Vaughan, who has been presented to the Mastership of the Temple, preached his farewell ser rnen on Sunday in the parish church of St. George's, Don caster. The Mayor and Corporation, with nut ny of the lead ing townsmen, ersembled at the Mansion-house, and went in procession to the church. Dr. Vaughan will go into resi dence in the Temple.immediately after the close of the Long Vacation. The inquiry on the Beverley Election Commis -3:OU was resumed yesterday. The chief witnesses on Satur day were several rersons, employes of the Lin and Waggon Company, and others, who had :Ord for Mr. Norfolk in distributing money for him in bribery to pro mote Lis election. They said, generally, that they I , lad in ktruct:o►:s only to secure the election, and used their own discretion as to the amounts they paid to voters. The prices ranged from les. to .l. In a discussion on habitual Criminals at the British Association gathering at Exeter, the Rev. W. Caine (chaplain of Manchester county gaol) mentioned the astounding fact that of 700 "protestant criminals" in that gaol, 81 had Leen Sunday-school teachers, and f r om recent observations he had found that out of Cl 9 criminals in the same gaol, 593 had been Sunday scholars, on the average between sip and seven years each lie thought the grand cause of criminality in England was " strong drink." DUNTILLE and Co., Belfast, are the 'argent holders of Whisky in the world. Their Old Irish Whisky is re commended by the medical profession in preference to French Brandy. Supplied in casks and cases for home use or exports ion Quotations on application to Messrs. Danville and Co , Belfast; or 4, Beaufort-parliags,Strsnd, Loucio, W,C.—[Ad ClMlollRitt; MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. DECONSTRITCTIONtN THE IRISH CHURCH. The clergy of the Protestant diocese of Kildare have met and selected two proctors to repre sent them at the approaching synod. At this gathering another great act of munificenoe was announced. One of the clergy stated that his patron had expressed to him his intention of giving the entire sum at which his patrona,ge is valued—a sum over ,000—to the Church body, on condition that a clergyman be maintained on the benefice. The present rector has also assured his life for a sum equal to the whole charge on the living, for the same purpose. niE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 7, 1869, Thelnierence is that he would follow tiles() outfallsand thus determine the true watershed anddrainage of his own South African region. "As all the researches of Livingstone relate to that region only, and have been wholly unconnected with the Nilotic lakes of equatorial Africa, I am persuaded that he would specially strive to determine the course of the streams which flow from the Taganyika to tho Atlantic." BISITOPS AT A BANQUET. The ancient haters of Prelacy in Scotland must have been sorely troubled last week, for they had in their midst live bishops taking counsel together and devising ways for spreading the doctrines of Epis:o palianism in a country noted for its devoted love of the Presbyterian form of church government. There was the Bishop of Oxford preaching sermons and making speeches, winning all hearts by his "wondrons per suasive eloquence." The Bishop of Rochester, evidently in ill-health, obtained many thanks for giving up part of his holiday, that he might be at the opening of In .-LTness Cathedral; and the Primate of Scotland (Bishop Eden) the Bishops of St. Andrew's, and of Breehin, were describing their • plans for the flture. Sermons services, and speeches, ruled the hour by terns. In the first and last named tbo Bishop of Oxford was a great favourite. his speezh at the banquet—there must always be a banquet—was most kindly and sympathetic in its tone. He spoke appropriately of the relations between the two Churches of England and Scotland; but seemed to be unelry as to the future of the Anglican establishment. Glancing furtively at the unestablished character of Scotch episcopalianism, he referred to the bond of common trouble which would always exist between the two great religious bodies ; a chain which no legislation could break, as it held heart to heart. His lordship advised his hearers to avoid making their Church a denomination, and counselled that while they abated not a jot or title of their own opinions of truth, they should look in others, not for points of difference, but for agreement. The growth of the cathedral out of small things was related by the Bishop of Moray and Ross. First, he said, two little girls were cared for at school, the s c ho o l became larger, and grew into a mission church ; the church became a power, and increasing its import ance found a cathedral necessary; built it; had opened it that clay. The Bishop of Rochester eulogisel the Bishop of Moray. He, too, referred to the " day of trial ".coming upon the English Church ; and requested the prayers of Scotchmen when it came. Everyone was assured, however—Scotch or Eng lish—that Cis strength of the Church lay not so much in its endowments, or in its established position, as in the hold it had on the hearts of the -people. LAND TENURE IN IRELAND. The Earl of Granarcl recommends the settlement of the Irish land question by applying the custom of Ulster to the whole country. It is to the principle of tenant right, which has long bad all the force of law, that this nobleman ascribes the exceptional pros perity of the northern Irish province. In Ulster agrarian outrages and wholesale evictions are prac tically unlino,vn. In the many land bills which for a period of scveral years have been brought before Parliament by successive Administrations, both Whig and Tory, the value of this custom has been fully recognised in the proviso which re c u rs i n every one of .them, " That nothing herein contained shall affect the custom of Ulster." Tenant right, says the earl, is no new doctrine or experiment. It has been tested for three centuries. It is suited to th e t as t es of the people and simple in its application : " For these reasons, therefore, I entertain the convic. tion that the true solution of the land question lies in the passing of an Act which would give the force of law to the custom of Ulster, extend its beneficial provisions to the whole of Ireland, and, at the same time, provide for a periodical Government valuation for letting purposes, with power of appeal in case of dispute to a local and in expensive tribunal, such as the Court of Quarter Sessions. Were such an enactment as I have sketched to become law, I firmly believe that the southern and western counties, with their milder climate and more fertile soil, would soon equal, if not outstrip, the prosperous courlftior of the north." The Times commissioner has entered Queen's County, beginning with Maryborough. His observa tions on the region round about are, in most respects, the same as those called forth by the state of the Tipperary districts. There have been vast improve ments of late years ; but divers grievances yet remain. Queen's county has been enormously drained by emigration; in twenty years the population has fallen from 153,000 to 90,000; and, consequently, the wages of agricultural labourers have greatly risen: The agriculture is excellent in some parts, but back ward in others. The drainage is very defective. The farm buildings are not generally good, and the farmers are less prosperous than in Tipperary • mud cabins and poorer dwellings abound. The landed system is that which prevails throughout this part of Ireland. Landlord and tenant differ in race and rclig7on, and there aro many absentee o..ners. "In the overwhelming majority of casas, in deed, as the ordinary rule, the occupiers of the soil in this neighbourhcoA have done nearly everything that has been done for the benefit of the land during many years, especially in the marshy tracts, where they have reclaimed thousands of acres of bog by a slow and almost imperceptible proceLs. Yet here, as elsewhere, " the whole class is without any durable tenure." The system is productive of numerous evils, of which the most important is that pointed out by Mr. Fitzgibbon, an Irish Master in Chancery :—" As soon as the poor tenant has brought his farm to that degree of fertility which enables him to pay a rent and live, all further improvement is studiously avoided, as a thing which the tenant believes will only increase his labour to produce a larger rent for the sole benefit of the landlord, whom he regards as a vigilant spy upon every symptom of ability to pay more rent." The representative of the Times endorses this statement. TIIE ALIIERT ASSURANCE COMPANY. So far as the bolding of numerous meetings can avail, the policy-holders of the Albert Company arc energetically protecting their interests all over the country. But the one great difficulty- is to secure united action amongst a vast number of victims who are scattered all over the kingdom. The absolute necessity of overcoming this obstacle was fully recog nised at a conference of the Hull policy-holders, on Saturday evening, and it was recommended that a strong committee representing the whole king dom be formed. The chairman was instructed to communicate with the chairmen of the local com mittees with the view of establishing a central representation from the whole number. The Mull policy-holders are against any voluntary winding-up, and are disposed to present a petition to obtain a compulsory order. They seem inclined also to do everything in their power to pro;•e the liability, not only of the Albert shareholders, but the shareholders of all the companies that had bcei incorporated into that society. LODGERS WANTED. The lodgers of Lambeth continue to regard their newly-acquired political rights with the most sublime indifference. Either they arc disappointed at their ill-success last year, or do not value their new acqui sition at its proper price ;. certain it is that there is a woeful falling off in the number of claimants. At the last registration there were ],2GO applicants out of 8,000 qualified lodgers, and of these only four hundred proved successful. This year only 294 claims have been sent in ; and of this small number it is to be presumed that a certain propor tion will fail. It looks as if the enfranchised lodger will soon become an extinct animal in Lambeth. FEVER 11 AISING. The history of Stephen's Court is another admir able example of the way in which sanitary matters are managed in this civilised land. Stephen's Court is in the metropolitan district of Christ Church, Marylebone. Some time ago it w.is noticed by the medical officer, Dr. Whitmore, as being unfit for human habitation. I\ °thing, however, was done, except adopting the remarkably health-giving precaution of cutting off the water supply. Th o place became inexpressibly foul, fever set in, spread with formidable rapidity, and numerous deaths followed. Even this terrible warning has not brought improvement. Stephen's - court still remains in ita original glory ; and the fever is rampant, awaiting the time wlien the convenience of the local authorities will permit them to sweep away the squalid place. The "Board," which has the power to compel the owner of Stephen's -court to put it in an inhabitable condition, is not, it appears, roused to exertion by a fatal attack of disease. How, then, can any number of reports, present or to come, achieve anything ? It is some satisfaction to find that the mortuary of this parish will soon be open. As no fee will be charged, the poorest may thus be decently buried ; whereas at present it is common enough for bodies to remain unburied for eight or ten days, simply because there is no one able or willing to pay for the funeral; and the corpses, lying in over-crowded rooms, continue to spread pestilence. As we cannot, it seems, prevent our poor from dying off, it is at all events a good thing to get them out of the way as soon as they are dead. DR. LIVINGSTONE. Sir B. Murchison, with all duo resped to the theory of Mrs. Burton, that Dr. Livingstone is a captive in the hands of the negro king of Cazembe, holds to a different belief. He is of opinion that the great explorer has plunged into the unknown region of Central Africa, and will reappear on the West Coast. Dr. Livingtone having satisfied himself that Lake Tanganyika was f e d b y r i vers from the South and fast, and that it was cut off from the great equato rial lakes, must of necessity come to the conclusion Mat ti____LQQAttalkoahiaggpi*Awoceed_k_theWest. AN AMERICAN VIEW OP MRS. STOWIIr Some hard things have been hinted on this side of the Atlantic concerning Mrs. Stowe and her conduct in the Byron affair. But most of our journals have confined themselves to hints ; they have not overstepped certain very strict bounds. It remains for an American—a member of the United States Congress—to shew us the way we shall conduct our controversies for the future. Writing to our own Times, this Congressman ex presses, on behalf of his countrymen, his astonish ment that the English should pay so much attention to the article in Macmillan's Maya:zne. Mrs. Stowe, he says, is " a Inere sensational writer "—a term of r: preach intended just to introduce to some further sweets of bitter castigation—nothing is con sidered reliable that comes from her pen ; " she will at all times sacrifice truth " for notoriety. More than this, she is ungrateful ; for she repays the English for time only fame she ever had, and which they gave her in ma!iing much of " Uncle Tom's Cabin," by calumniating one of their greatest poets. It is not only Mrs. Stowe, but the whole Beecher family, which is unworthy of regard. They are mere sensationalists, " without true merit or substantial talents." The crowd may be amused with their antics ; the thinking community pay no heed to them. CLERKS' SALARIES. For some time past a discussion has been carried on in the columns of the Daily News on the subject of clerks' salaries. This controversy, or rather lamentation, was followed up by an application from the servants of one eminent banking firm for an increase of salary on account of the dearness of living. The house has refused this request. The em ployers allege that living, though now dearer in some respects, is cheaper in others. Rents are higher, but cheap railways have extended the inhabitable area. But this refusal is more especially based on the argument that the firm is in the habit of fixing salaries according to the merit of those who receive them. The claims of each person are carefully reviewed at the end of each year, and his pay then dealt with either by addition, by withhold ing increase, or, if need be, by diminution, and in extreme cases by dismissal, as the particular facts may justify. The advantages of thus dealing by merit would be sacrificed altogether, the employers think 2 by an indiscriminate increase. The logic of this question is simple enough. The duties of a clerk require only a small amount of education; and th e number who possess this minimum is every year on the increase. It is not to be expected that work which requires very little skill and knowledge to perform it, can be highly remunerative under present circumstances. The labour is unskilled, and the price accordingly must be low. SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY. It is understood that in order to test the relative merits of light and heavy deep sea cables, the Con struction Company propose to try experiments with different kinds of light wire on the occasion of laying the Red sea line. The Telegraph thinks that such investigations are needed before deciding in favour of the light system : for whilst the heavy cable has proved completely successful after other forms had been tried and failed, the light wire has no; yet passed the ordeal of experiment on a large scale. smaller weight must indeed prove advantageous in submerging and picking up; but can the wei g ht o f a cable be diminished without proportionately lessening the strength ? As to durability the Telegraph believes those who have had the greatest experience in the work of laying submarine cables are still of opinion that a gutta percha core, covered with iron and hemp, plus tar and silica, will last longer than a gutta pereha, core, plus hemp only. The only wa y t o set these questions of rest is to give the new system a fair and full trial. THE ELECTION CO3I3ITSSIONS. The Norwich Election Commissioners appear to be exhausted. They have threatened some witnesses, committed others to prison, - examined and cross examined, and all to little purpose. It is plain th a t the witnesses have been telling as little truth as pos sible. Two men wero ordered into custody on Saturday. An agent who had £2OO given to him for bribery purposes has confessed all, and the bribed are being called up to give evidence. At Beverley it is being elicited that the charities of the town have in several eases been administered corruptly. The " pasture masters," also, who have under their care, as representing the freemen, a large outlying district of common, have so used their power that freemen have found it beneficial to vote Conservative. The inquiry at Bridgwater has demonstrated that bribers have consciences. A witness named Barham detailed how when the Liberals had won the election, be saw immediately bow they bad done so, for ono of the committeemen was "as white as a ghost " ; another looked anxious and scared, and so on. The same witneEs declined to answer a question as to whether Mr. Eing,lake knew how the election had been won. Ile said that both candidates were informed before the election that they could not win upon pure principles. AN AMERICAN ENTERRRISE. An engineering enterprise of some importance is being discussed in the United States. It aims at establishing a line of continuous water communication from the west to the seaboard through Virginia by a junction between the waters of the Kanawho and James Rivers. The scheme bas long been a favourite ore with the population of Vir ginia, and the State has expended twelve million dollars is bringing the line of navigation up to Buchanan, 200 miles from Richmond, but seventy-five miles of canal between the arms of the James and Kanawha Rivers are wanted to com plete the central water line. When complete it will extend from St. Louis to Norfolk, a distance of 3,551 miles, and the transit will take eleven dlya, By this means the products of the West can be brought eastward with an ease and an economy most advantageous to the people. Norfolk is the finest harbour on the seaboard and lies due east of the centre of the whole system of interior navigation at the mouth of the Ohio. All the great branches of the Mississippi debouebe within convenient distances of the Ohio mouth, and thus when these seventy-five miles of canal are cut through Virginia, the whole of the vast navigation of the Mississippi is put into immediate communication with Hampton Roads. A committee of the National Board of Trade have been examining the matter, and have reported strongly in favour of the undertaking. They recommend the work as of the highest importance, and advise that Congress should be asked for aid. The cost is estimated at 40,000,000 dols., and the time for its coin. pletion at four years, THE AMERICAN INDIANS. The New York papers state that several of 63 Indian Peace Commissioners had a Council at the end of August with the Cheyennes and Araphoes, at Camp Supply, Indian territory. The sight is described as most imposing. A large number of chiefs were present, and 2,000 men, women, and children. The Council lasted two hours, and was very satisfactory, some of the chiefs making pacific speeches. The Indians killed seven hundred buffaloes in one week, within ten miles of the place of meeting. Information had been received at Washington, that the Indians in Arizona, hnd attacked the mail en route from Prescott. Two soldiers were killed, the mail rider wounded, and the mail, containing 18,000 dollars and many letters, was lost. THE CROP 3 IN AMERICA. The crops in some parts of - America appear to have suffered a good deal from the drought. The heat has been excessive, and numerous deaths from sunstroke are reported. St. Louis seems to have been particularly unfortunate in this respect, four deaths being reported on the 23rd August, and seven on the 19th. Rain is wanted everywhere. In parts of Maryland the farmers despair el getting even half a crop of corn, the potatoe vines are parched, and the tobacco very mu:.:11 injured. Cotton in some places is too far advanced to be affected, but in other places rust has been produced by the drought. The r g icultural reports skew that in Illinois, the great corn producing State of the West, the average estimate falls 30 per cent. below that of season. Indiana, which comes next in the list of corn-growing States, is not much better, while Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota rate from 20 to 30 per cent below last year. The Now England States range from 10 to 15 per cent. below; while Texas, Kansas, and Arkansas, are all better than last year. In 1868 Illinois and Indiana alone produced a fourth of the crop of the whole country. Taking the average of the whole of the cotton growing states, cotton, it is thought, will chew an increase, while potatoes promise a large and good crop, and the General prospects of the harvest of 1869 must depend in a great measure on the continuance of the drought. CUBA. Tim last accounts from Cuba report that Colo Nicolan, with 209 men, attacked and routed 400 insur• gents in the Central Department, near Jicotea. The Cubans left twenty killed on the field. A report of the recent engagement with General Jordan's division has beer received from the revolutionary source. It is said that the Cuban forces were repulsed at first, but they made a second attack, and routed the Spanish troops. Th e Cubans fought desperately, and the it loss is estimated at 150, that of the Spaniards amounting to double the number, Everything that goes on with respect to the negotiations for the sale of Cuba is kept very quiet, but private letters from the American Legation at Madrid say that the scheme is likely to prove successful. Unless the Spanish authorities should change their minds, General Sickles expects to obtain the cession 9f Cuba ou a basis falcon); tQ all parties. 2 ":* • 01•40.,.)..:41—_ • GROWING KNOWLEDGE - OF AMERICA 1N ENGLAND. (front the Anglo-American Times) A New York paper, when discussing the finan cial relations of the United States with foreign countries, observes, that the intelligent classes of the Germans know, as a rule, more about the United States than Englishmen ; but though this undoubt edly-was true, perhaps it is so no longer. Americans who knew England in former years, having mixed a good deal in English society, are surprised at the change. The interest and knowledge of . the Eng lish have greatly increased about a land of which they had before been shamefully ignorant as a na tion, and indifferent to in consequence. JonN BULL is not remarkable for quickness in adopting new ideas and making due allowance for this, consider able progress has been made by the British since the war in a knowledge of America. This may be re gardtd as a hopeful sign, not only for peace and security to both, but to the world generally. Here after it will appear strange that an American paper could deliberately write that as a rule Germans were better acquainted with the United hates than Englishmen, while those in Europe conversant with the fact, were obliged to admit its truth. Con sidering that the States are offshoots of England, deriving from her much of their history, their blood, national character, and institutions ; that a large portion of the American Continentis British soil ; that the language is English from the Rio Grande up to the icy regions, yet that Englishmen should have known less about the great Republic than the intel ligent class of Germans will hereafter appear al most incredible. Nor is this all. Little as England was aware of it, the Republic has exercised a power ful influence on her national institutions which is extending to the social character of her people ; and the puzzle hereafter will be how could those thus af fected and connected have so long continued ignorant. The Governmental problem and the:social problem be ing worked out in America are by far the most inte resting of the age, independent of their material and political effect on other nations, but more especially on England. Through a knowledge of the Union much money is to be made, through ignorance of it money is to be lost ; through this knowledge a great peril was to be avoided, by ignorance a great danger was incurred, while the knowledge could be attained with little effort, for the language was the same, and a strongly marked similarity existed in the national characters. This curious enigma, which history will reveal, originated in English pre judice more than in wars, boundary disputes, tariffs, quarrels, and jealousies; in a word, it was due to the snobbishness of the English character, a remark we do not make flippantly, but from a firm belief in its truth. The feeling which even now estranges the colonies estranged America ; that prejudice which finds nothing good out of England, erects a lord into an idol, and bows down to the county magnate. With all an Englishman's energy which makes him cosmopolitan in his search after wealth, or for a career, he has ever been but little cosmo politan in his general notions. Indeed the further he gets from his lord and county magnate the greater are they magnified, and the more earnestly does he turn his face in prayer towards his Jeru salem. A nation whose ideal is a Peer, or a coun ty family located for generations on an estate rooted to the spot by all manner of ties, must turn with dislike from the new land, the new people, the new interests, and feeling that dislike, it is in the nature of an Englishman to express it. lie could not readily change, nor could he bend to the new position ; and if that be so in the very locality wherein his interests are centred and surrounded by the men of the other country, it is highly im probable that the Englishman at home would enter tain different feelings. English women feel this even more strongly than the men, and the belief was once general that the English-speaking people of other countries were an inferior order of Englishmen, a sort of hybrid, who held a relationship which it waslittle to the dignity of the country to recognise. It mattered not, nor does it now matter, what might be the rank of the returned colonist. He may have been the Prime Minister of a Province, destined one day to be greater than Great Britain, he may have been the leader in a brilliant campaign against warlike savages ; he is a mere colonist, of no account when he reaches England. A lord may pat him on the back, or if he has a cousin among the county magnates he may be shown as a curiosity, the visitors being carefully prepared for his eccentricities as the denizen of a savage land. If he has a son and sends him to an English university he becomes "the colonist" with out any reference to his father's position in the colony. If he enters the army even with men who serve in these very countries, he still remains the colonist. If he secures a seat iu Parliament he is remarkable there as the colonist, and people ask with surprise, " How did he get here ?" Liberal minded men try to divest themselves of what they are aware is an unjust, even a ridiculous, feeling; but it is no easy matter, for they are apt to change contempt into an ostentatious patronage, and to show the old feeling bred by feudalism in acts of which they are almost unconscious. This offensively displayed in a more barbarous age led to the severance of the empire through the War of Inde pendence, and though in a lesser and lessening degree it has continued to mark English connection with the colonies. It was natural for the feeling entertained for colonists tobe extended even in a more marked man ner to the citizens of theßepublic. If they knew little of India, and but little more of their colonial empire, it was not likely that the English people would know much about the United States after the political con nection had ceased, and, knowing nothing, there wereno means of removing the prejudice with which they appear to have been born. The authors who wrote on America during the early manhood of the existing generation found those books sell best which mercilessly caricatured the American people, and this but tended to confirm the British prejudice and to create the ridiculous typical Yankee. When the claim to kinship was thus met, the retort was not likely to be gratifying to the pride-stuffed Britisher; and JOHN BULL only knew of America that he was a standing subject of the typical Yankee's abuse. For this he cared comparatively little, rarely reading what was said of him ; bnt the American cared much, for he read all JOHN BULL wrote. The consequence was a great deal of superficial hate generated against the parent country, increased by the indifference of the English to every retort, by an annoying sense that Englishmen regarded him as inferior, and while alive to the folly and injustice, he was unable to treat it with the contempt the real ignorance of his coantry deserved. But the relations gradu ally changed, and though the masses in England still believed in the typical Yankee, Statesmen were aware that the Republic had grown into a great Power— a dangerous Power—one with whom it was advisable to be on good terms, when they began to regret the relations not being what was desirable. On this supervened the Irish exodus, a movement so serious that it could scarcely fail to end disas trously, carrying as it did to a prepared soil the bitter sense of " 600 years of wrong." It was not likely that such an influx would tend to make America more attractive to the Britisher who con gratulated himself as shipload after shipload of Irish emigrants set sail. It never struck him to inquire what they were about on the other side, and he re mained indifferent, feeling a security mixed with a vague sense of the danger involved till roused by the outbreak of the "civil war, which taught the world as well as the Republic itself its strength. As might have been expected had Americans been fully aware of the English ignorance of their country, the British took the wrong side, not because they saw the question from any American standpoint, but that they saw a chance of balancing power on the American Continent by the split of the States into hostile nations. Had they known America as they ought, they would have seen what Southerners blinded by their prejudice could not see, that the war was hopeless ; that the North was sure to de cree that the Union should not be dissolved, which must decide the question. But England, know ing nothing of the quarrel, .1. now ing nothing of Northern strength and Northern feeling, went far enough to give the North grave cause for offence, but not far enough to give material aid to or even to conciliate the South. The very persons who would not touch a Federal loan, and predicted certain repudiation, pronouncing the action of the Germans to be little less than idiotic, expended millions in Confederate Bonds. Men do not loan money on sentiment, though sentiment may influ ence judgment and lead them to believe their idol a real divinity, who can and will repay every sac rifice. But the truth of the statement, that the bet ter class of Germans knew more of America than the English, is made manifest by the way in which the two nations lent their money. However, this war so forced the Republic on the attention of the world, attaching to it so romantic an interest, that some Englishmen, whose language was the same, could not help acquiring an extensive acquaintance of the country, which has been growing year by year with an increased rapidity. Books now describe Ame rica ; and when men try to palm off a caricature, the public feel insulted by the cjuntcrfeits as a slight on their knowledge. Theleading papers maintain cor respondents; American newspapers are extensively quoted, and are now seen on the tables of clubs and libraries ; indeed it is surprising to learn how widely such a paper as the New York Natimz is known in England, though its birth only dates from the close of the war. some of the dailies devote columns to the news from America, while Ameri can books are pirated and soil in cheap eoitions throughout the country without the trouble of trans lation, while American authors are the paid contri butors to English magazines, it would be absurd to suppose that the Germans—whatever might have been their start—could long keep ahead in know ledge of America ; and the change is now so marked that Americans cannot help noticing what is to be seen as distinctly in Parliament as in the press, both, after all, showing but the mere reflex of society. TELEGRAPH EX7'EIv.SION. It is not surprising to find one of the most use ful inventions of late years giving rise to the greatest paying enterprise of the day. Railways have had their spell of manias, not confined to one, but spreading to many countries, and have proved a fertile source of profit, while almost changing the habits of people and their relations with each other. The telegraph is an extension of this effect, picking up the end beyond which the railway fails to go, and carrying the line of human progress onward. The railway is of course infinitely the more important, the difference being simply this : it carries our per sons and goods—the telegraph, our thoughts ; but the latter is the supplement of the former, and will always be found beneficial, alike politically, com mercially, and socially. Enterprise, indeed, ought sooner to have taken the direction now manifest, but the difficulties and misfortunes which attended the operations with the first Atlantic Cable were not encouraging, nor was the great collapse of 1866, hence it is only now after science has improved the manufacture of ocean lines that efforts are being made to extend them in all directions. No sooner, however, was the French Atlantic Cable laid, and the Falmouth, Gibraltar, and Malta ready, as well as tho Anglo-Indian, than two other great lines were projected; the West India and Panama, and the India, China, and Australia Submarine, while that to connect the ports of China and San Fran cisco is not only being carried out in America, but will be brought forward on the London market. The Anglo-Indian will connect Bombay with Suez, via Aden, and the Falmouth, Gibraltar, and Malta will complete the line by sea to England. The India, Australia, and China will take up the tele graph system of British India at Galle, carrying the wire across the Bay of Bengal through the Straits of Sumatra to Singapore, whence it will branch to Australia southward, and to Hongkong east. The new company, whose prospectus is not yet pub lished, takes up the line at Rangoon, and carries the wire through China, to connect eventually with one from Japan on to San Francisco, when the girdle will be complete around the world. In the first instance, however, it will stop at Shanghai with a branch line from Singapore to Java, where the Dutch Government have laid lines through that island and Sumatra. The cable of the China Sub marine Telegraph Company will not be of that light structure now coming into fashion, but in all re spects equal to the Anglo-American, us it is consi dered, by them, to be necessary to lay the heavy cable in the China Seas. This line will be virtually a continuation of the Anglo-Mediterranean and the British Indian Submarine wires, which will bring England into &red communication with Bombay. To Burmah the telegraph already extends ; and Rangoon is perhaps a better terminus from which to take up the Indian system than Galle. An other project is talked of, to lay a light cable from Ireland to Nova Scotia at a cost of £450,000. Still much remains to be accomplished ; and one of the most important branches from this trunk line encircling the globe will be the West India and Panama Telegraph. A line will be carried from Kingston, Jamaica, to Aspinwall, where it will connect with the land wires of Panama. From Havannah, the cable already laid by Sir CHARLES BRIGHT, will be extended to Kingston, thus bring ing the United States into communication, and the line passes to Porto Rico, thence to St. Thomas's, and on to Trinidad, touching at the intermediate islands, until it reaches the main land of South America at Georgetown, whence it goes by land to New AMsterdam and Surinam. There it gets into ope ration with Brazil, Chili, Peru, and the Argentine Confederation, which makes the communication complete throughout North and South America. The line will contain 2,250 miles of submarine cable with 350 of land wire, all wit:eh is now being constructed at the Indiarubber, Gutta Percha, and Telegraph Works at Silverto wn. The cable will be in pieces, none exceeding 606 miles in length, the greatest depth being only 600 fathoms, made " of a double sheathing of iron wires, the outer one of 12 very powerful galvanised iron wires, or rods, and the inner sheath of 14 smaller wires. Both the inner and outer sheath are boand round with hemp, soaked afterwards in tar, and both are also coated outside with CLARK'S conapdUnd,whiCh is understood to be one of the best for protecting cables from the injury which is sometimes caused in shallow water by the attacks of submarine animalculm. These little devastators, however, fortunately never touch the gutta percha. The intermediate cable is of very much the same strength as the inner sheathing as the shore ends, and is covered in with 12 strong wires. The strong deep-sea portion is very little less in size than the intermediate, and is very like the first old Atlantic cable, though nearly twice as heavy, and certainly more than four times as strong, for it is sheathed with 12 small wires, but all of solid, homogeneous iron." The new manufac ture was invented and patented by Mr. VARLEY, and presents, both in cost and other points of importance, great advantages. For instance, it will support fully thirty miles of its own length in the water, through which means it can be raised where it is found faulty without danger of breaking ; and it can be packed, carried, and laid with greater facility, while the fact that both the West India and Panama, and the India, Austra lia, and China have adopted it, goes to prove that the beat electricians believe it to answer its in ventor's expectations. In view of these gigantic enterprises, it is curious to go back to the early days of the telegraph. From an article in " Hours at Home," the facts of which were supplied by Mr. ALFRED VAILi of Morristown, New Jersey, we learn the commencement of that stupendous• net work which now interlaces the United States : " The telegraph was first put in operation, between Washington and Baltimore, in the spring of 1814, and was shown without charge until April 1, 1815. Congress, dur ing the session of 1841-45, made an appropriation of $B,OOO to keep it in operation during the year, placing it at the same time under the supervision of the Postmaster- General. He at the close of the session ordered a tariff of charges of one cent for every four characters m a d e b y or through the telegraph, appointing also tho operators of the line; Mr. Vail for the Washington station, and Mr. 11 . . J. Rogers for Baltimore " From the Ist April, 1815, to the 4th, the receipts were half a cent from a gentleman who spent most of that time in endeavouring to inveigle the opera tors into showing him the secret, through breaking their oath. On the sth, twelve and a half cents were received ; on the 7th, sixty ; the next day, 132 ; and Mr. VAIL notices that more business was done by the merchants when the tariff was imposed than when the service was gratuitous. But vast as has been the extension of telegraphy, especially in the United States, it is yet but in its infancy. The COW pletion of these great ocean lines will have an Wl' mense influence, and the day will come when most communications will be by telegraph, and not through the post. Two effects must undoubtedly be produced; One is to make mankind cosmopolitan, to draw the uttermost parts of the world together, and to cause all nations to feel their relationship ; the other, is to give a brevity to the expression of thought, and t ° convert the English into the universal language, f or that tongue has been found to be the best for the telegrapher's use. We take the following e xtract from an article in the Times on the `Vest India an d Panama Telegraph : " As we have said, the whole process of manufactur ing a cable can now be seen in full work, and a most curious series of operations it forms. From the time that the lweli of raw gutta porcha enters the works, very much in a p - pearance and fibre like a compressed ball of dried Etable manure, till it is shredded, boiled, cleaned, steamed, melted, macerated, mixed, and re-macerated, and pours out po ° to be forced through dies round the copper conductor, 01! visitor never lo os sight of it. When the first coat been given —and in this cable there aro three, with a eo 3 r ; ing of insul a ti on b e t ween eac h—th e process o f pu tting °J coat after coat is of course all alike. Here, however, copper conductor is placed in connection with the trit teties to detect faults, and on the first sign of loss of / 0 ' 1 : 3 lat.ion tho alarm bell rings, and the works aro stopped li t , the cause of leakae:e is discovered and the part cut o n The minimum standard of re s i s t ance o f th e prese nt ca b le v is fixed at as high as 300,000,000 units, or 50,000,000 jp i of resistance higher than the last French cable, n u ll 100,000,00 G units higher than the standard under able both the English cables were constr u ct e d. This ruis l°, of the standard of excellence every year shows cone; sively how much more perfect the manufacture is hen° ing, both mechanically and scientifically. B e f o re la li t o the works, the West India cable, to avoid all risk, is tO , O O tested in water of 75 degrees up to as high as 500,000,7 units. At prosent the manufacture of all the four 0' 3 1 . 1 rent kinds of cables are going on simultaneously, gives to the works at Silvertown such an aspect of Dil l trial activity as they have not worn for some months• to is stated that the deep-sea, or smallest portion, Ca n d if turned out complete at the rate of 300 miles a week, en te l this be so, the work is well in hand, a n d can b e complete within the contract time." Tile National Labour Congress met in Philad ej t : phia, Aug. 16, two hundred delegates being present Vice-President Luckor presided. The usual commi lLe : ti were appointed, and an eulogy on the late Preside be Sylvia, was delivered by a delegate, and a dopted 35 t it voice of the Congress. The annual report was react at shows that charters have been granted to 27 new la b ° organisations; refers to the importance of co-opern i t.' w and the advancement of the eight-hour sy s t e m; an poses the introduction of coolie labour. A mo tion to Susan B. Anthony as a delegate was tabl e d—her cr ed ,, e ,, - o, tials not having been issued by a reco gn i se d associP n l ; l 6 The Congress aereed to hold two sessions daily resolutions next day related to the eight-hour wte- oa advocated reduction of the interest on the p u blic deg g 4 the issue of greenbacks to pay the Five-twenties ; 0 0, ° 1 - 1 1 6, the National Bank system; favoured th e a lt e ration °l as; revenue laws, and the taxation of United States W u to opposed land monopolies and favoured the distributioo, settlers of the public lands ; o pp ose d coo li e itnuaig r3t o l° o , and the use of convict lab our i n pen it en ti ar i e s, a Li ' r A t o , dared in favour of supporti ng can did a t es f or office , ;jot epectivo of party, who endorse these principles. ' ttte d considerable discussion Susan B. Anthony was ade l '' as a delegate by a majority of throe votes. in let NAVAL ITEMS.—The United States stc — Seminole arrived at Key West, Aug. 14. The Teleg il g i , the vessel reported as committing depredations on 0 1 . 0 t, can commerce, was in the hands of the En g lish at i r ": 01 , 0 to;a,. The Seminole was despatched to Aspi n wall to re'lcit, the Fantic.-31r. Whitehead's torpedo i nve ntion is e f i , l a ing much interest in naval circles. Rea r -Ad m iral 133 ` .. 5 , 1 ; 0 is testing it in the Adriatic on board the Franklin' 00, machine is some sixteen feet long, shaped like a which furnished the idea to the i nven t o r, and 35 '0 moving in clear water, propelled by a sc r e w and g u ole by a rudder its vitality and volition appear horrifliPk A it Austrian Government have purchased the use of t",..iir vention for £20,000, but the patent remains with t'; it ot ventor. Both the officers of the United States Ali' Majesty's services report favourably on it. f 5 S. A' LUXURIANT AND BEAUTIFUL HAI 11.-3-R • f ails ALLEN'S WORLD'S HAIR RESTORER OR DRESSING never ;so quickly restore Grey or Faded Hair to its youthful colo`a beauty, and with the first application a beautiful gloss A ' l oo o lighten' fragrance is given to the Hair. It stops the Irs' r ,ftp , falling off. It prevents baldness. It promotes luxuriant g r " e , $l l it causes the Hair to grow thick and strong. It ra m°l tt tcs i dandruff. It contains neither oil nor dye. Inlarge b° o oo Price Six Shillings. Sold by most Chemists and Pe r ` Depot, 266, High Holborn V ol I ADVERTISEMENT. I—Holloway's Pills and ntntni el/ Derangement of the Stomach and Bowels. —ln a ll i fifo o s irregularities of the liver, the stomach, and bOlve"„ierP way's celebrated Pills are a sa f e s p ec ifi c . DY . , s :b - ilit)„' bilimmiess, acidity of the stpinaeli ' sick headache, loss of appetite, drowsiness, and incapacity for will all pass away before a course of these purify the blood and give tone to the whole syttl°'": external injuries, such as burns, scalds, and brnis e ;! c a' all skin diseases, the ointment is wonderfully effics~o o ßoth pills and ointment are composed of rare bala 'ottL ; mixed with a grain of mercury or any deleterio33oo, stance. They can be used with safety by both SO 0, all ages, in any climate. tti t :to [ADVERTISEMENT.] - Dyspepsia (Indigestion), Debility, Consumption, and all nervons, bilious, si" 0 "" - ii any' liver complaints in every stage, are only aggravated 04 1 1 , 10 111 pi rated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curs rod e9 Barry's health-restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as thousands of cases which had been considered hopeles' l 4lo;ii —cough, asthma, also diarrhoea, lumorrhoids, liver co A i i io flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, 'rs, ria, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and , e t ir r ,pe matism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuraie„P to bility, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, i-iveveseo debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea, and sickhes 9 ' t ightW pregnancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofulst we el l ol of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach and he",„ t ereW shoulders, &c. We quote a few :—The Pope's health r e is66<or Du Barry's Food. Cure No. 68,413— ,, Rome, July 12, A t i ttirptl health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially si ne ,f,; ( 3ll Or; ing all other remedies, he has confined himself emir a tor Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of which he consul:ape:oV ful at every meal. It has produced a surprisino.,, sat e ;,,,to praise til"0. effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot food too highly.—From the "Gazette du Midi," Jul); fril' il er No. 46,270 -Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant. 0 oi rt Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of 1 11 0 0,0 1 derangement, and partial deafness! Cure No. 1,771.---r d ysP%, do Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many year s dye" No. 49,832— ,, Fifty years' indescribable agony fron3_,, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulen'6o o ` l 6oo 6 sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Joly." Importan t j olts ti de Beware of the many unsavoury and more than slopPY o o to which, without authority, Baron Liobig's name is 21 6 ! ciously attached 12 Ps o f; In tins, at Is lad; 1 lb 2s 9d; 21bs 4s 6d; 5 lbs 11s ;, 1 00 0 c lie,, 21 lbs 405.-Also Du BARRY'S REVALENTA ARADIeA si o r 2 4 „ t POWDER is packed in tin canisters: for 12 cups ate 2B , , su ps "0 0 at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at 6s, for 288 cups at 30s, for 5 7 ",. 0 ar e v f.l —being about one penny per cup. The 30s and 55s tine( , free of carriage in England on receipt of Post-Oot'' BARRY Dt BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, 100 all Grocers and Chemists LIST FOR THE USE OF VISIT- THE METROPOLIS. 1 4 MUSEUMS. II" Au tiquarian—S omerset House. Admission by t I PP f9' a to the secretary ge e , e 1 Botanic—Royal Botanic Society of London/ P` park. Admission daily by orders from felloWB' , Gardens, Kew. Open daily, 1 till 6, free. l ietP,'l l / British—Great Russell-street. Open free co ' O OV Wednesdays, and Fridays, 10 to 4 ; sutnmerlttAiap., till 7. Closed Ist till 7th January, Ist till 7 t ll , o).,0 Ist till 7th September; also on all thanksgiv t , n° P' City—Guildhall. A collection of antiquities, o' c " 4 ) • " 10 till 5. t V IP/ Geological—Jermyn- street. Open daily (excep t h is li t fre. do 0• India — lndia Office, tri' Charles-street. Asiatic ng WC tory, antiquities, &c. Open free on Monda)' , 4 lii days, and Fridays, and on Thursdays by order' IPi King's College—Strand. Anatomy and curiosities' „„p4' 10 till 4. • Ye PPv Patents—South Kensington. Models and 01 1.4 , r° Open free daily. , „ s O Royal Institution-21, Albemarle-street. Irate- ef t o ti • y, f Royal Military Repository—Woolwich. Modctsljili, l cations, cannon, and warlike appliances. t. 5c .04' 1 till 4. Royal Polytechnic Institution-309, Regent-strej.s. l ie; title, with lectures. Opon daily till 10 ties, tv icis t fti' Soane's-13, Lincoln's-fnn-fields. 'Antiquities, c 0(1 0 0 1 and pictures. Open Wednesdays, ThursdaYsbis ' Ot t days in April, 314 y, and June ; and Wean& ._ 0 to February to August. Admission on applicato 9 pis, Curator. , n tioo - ' per Society of Arts—John-street, Adelphi. los e wets tures, curiosities, &c. Daily: admission IV d e order. r , ikt° l 'die South lienshigton—Cromwell-road. Open 19-otlier 0 Ttu-sdays, and Saturdays, 10 till 10, free ; on Open pili, 10 till 4,5, or 6. 6d. 1 Tower of London—Ancient amour, &c• or e p 0 de till 4. Is. . 11. go ti ll Trinity House—Trinity-square, Tower -lo `ii} lighthouses, &c. Daily, 10 till 4. n oil Tussaud's Waxwork-58, Baker-street. , -1? ___________/ 10 pan. ls. ------ _ ,BIRTHS. s. ri et°OP ASHBURTON—On the 4th ;' 4 at Bath 1:1 011581 ' Lady Ashburton, of a l ot ' Court,Worco gig COVENTICV —On the 29th ult., at Croom o shire, the Countess of Coventry, of a 80/1 -,sf' MARRIAGES. SA'' t o DOBBS -ROT --On the 3d inst, at St. Margarecerri /jtv4 minster, Frederick Grove Dobbs, of NO' 1, , ' - ',,:0 " 1 Lucy Jane, ~A i ff eldest dau hter of the late gr. lre,. , of Westminster, g , gaft" - to o ' RENTON—Momus—On the 4th inst., at ''' t, IV ° tle / Brixton, Edward Henry, eldest son of Jacc ) ,, i ia of pg., of Brixton, to Emily Dawson, only e" ate Wm. Morris, of Fenchurch - stre e t. o tit PEATLIS. -cif C. BRAND—On the Ist inst., at St. .Alban's, - ll orA i Esq., aged 76. a Da' . f el• DARvALL—At Hyde, in Australia, Major Edsc"ro, Belao late of the 19th Light Dragoons, aged 95. ,',l car under tho Duke of Wellington at the siege and 5; of Seringapatam, 4 th May,l79. 9. 30 ~ A sD- ~0 London: Printed and Published by WILLIA,' AND St' e i of No. 112, strand, Printer, at TuE SON Office 14 °4 i4 ,llO OQ "‘ in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the ceeati of .-- Tuesday, September 7, 1819._