The Sun. — London, England, 1859-09-12 00:00:00

7HB NAVY. The Admiralty having obtained possession of the ground required for the enlargement of the Royal Victoria Victualling and Dockyard at Deptford, the works for the extension will commence forthwith, its present space being found totally insufficient. The Channel fleet was off Plymouth on Saturday afternoon. At half-past 3 o'clock they were under steam only 31 miles south of the Mewstone coming from the eastward, and led by the Royal Albert ; they then edged in towards the Breakwater, under jibs and spankers only; wind N. by W. The ships afterwards payed off towards the south, and at 5 o'clock were four or five miles east of the Eddy stone, under steam only, apparently going down Channel. The fleet consisted of the flagship, the Royal Albert, 121, Rear-Admiral Sir C. Fre mantle; the Algiers, 91, Capt. G. W. D. O'Calla ghan ; the James Watt, 91, Capt. E. Cocld ; Caesar, 90, Capt. T. H. Mason; Hero, 91, Capt. G. H. Sey mour ; Mersey, 40, Capt. H. Caldwell, C.B. ; Nile, 90, Capt. A. P. E. Wilmot, C. 8.; Aboukir, 90, Capt. C. F. Schomberg ; Agamemnon, 90, Capt. T. Hope; Topaze, 51, Capt. Hon. W. S. Spenser ; Emerald; 51, Capt. A. Cumming ; Flying Fish, 6, Commander C. W. Hope ; and Melpomene, 50, Capt. C. J. F. Ewart. Rear-Admiral Sir W. B. Walker, Surveyor of the Navy, Col. Greene, and Mr. C. Richard, controller of victualling and transport services, arrived by train at Moorhead's Royal Hotel, Devonport, on Friday evening. Admiral Walker on Saturday morning commenced his annual duties in the Dock yard, preparatory to the arrival of the Lords of the Admiralty. Mr. Richards proceeded to the Royal William Victualling-yard, Stonehouse. The Commissioners of National Defence—viz., Major-Gen. Sir H. Jones, Royal Engineers; Major- Gen. Cameron ; Col. Lefroy, Royal Artillery ; Capt. C. Key, Royal navy; Mr. J. Ferguson, civil engi neer; Mr. F. Abbot; and Major Jervis, Royal En gineers, the secretary to the commissioners, arrived at Bate's Hotel, Plymouth, on Saturday morning. In the forenoon, accompanied by Col. Pester, Royal Artillery, and Col. Wright, Royal Engineers, the commissioners proceeded in coaches into Cornwall to inspect the progress of the fortifications at Tre gantle. The paddlewheel steam tender Vivid, 2, H. W. Allen master, from Portsmouth, arrived in Ply mouth Sound on Friday evening, and went up to Hamoaze on Saturday morning. The screw steam vessel Pioneer, Commander Reilly, having been repaired at Keyham-yard, Ply mouth, is appointed to be undocked to-day (Mon day). The screw steam corvette Scylla, 21, Captain R. Lambert, at Plymouth, embarked 30 marines from Stonehouse, and some lads from the guardship Im pregnable in Hamoaze on Saturday, preparatory to sailing for the Pacific. THE ARMY. The 3d battalion of Grenadier Guards are under orders to proceed from the metropolis to Dublin on Saturday, Ist of October, to relieve the 2d battalion of the Scots Fusilier Guards, who return to London. The 27th company of the Royal Engineers, which has rejoined head-quarters at Brompton Barracks, Chatham, from Woolwich, where the men were en gaged in completing the Armstrong gun factory, will devote the whole of their time to practical sub marine operations, and those parts of sapping and mining in which they have not been trained, in order that they may be made thoroughly efficient in those branches of engineering operations previ ously to embarking for the Mauritius. The following officers from Chatham garrison have embarked with the reinforcements proceeding to India from that station :—Ensign J. P. Jones, Bth Regiment ; Lieut. N. X. Gwynne, Ensign C. G. Gibaut, and Ensign C. E. Hussey, 20th Regi ment ; Ensign C. E. Fellowes and Ensign J. F. Caldwell, 24th Regiment ; Brevet-Major T. Teulon, Ensign W. Trocke, Ensign C. J. Stone, and Ensign A. C. Crookshank, 35th Regiment ; Lieut. H. Fraser, Ensign A. C. F. Armstrong, and Ensign H. F. H. Gibsone, 73d Regiment. On Saturday orders were received at Chatham for the following troops to proceed from that garrison to Gravesend, to embark on board the chartered ship Aliquis for Calcutta, viz. :—Three officers and 71 non-commissioned officers and men of the 20th Regiment, two officers and 78 men of all ranks of the 43d Light Infantry, and one officer and 116 men of the 77th Regiment, together with two offi cers and 89 men of the Ist battalion sth Fusiliers, from Colchester ; total 8 officers and 354 men. As sistant Staff-Surgeon W. Orr, from Shorncliffe, pro ceeds in medical charge of the reinforcements. The draught of troops for India from the camp at Colchester has just bcen completed. The entire strength of these reinforcements is 11 officert, 3 sergeants, 6 drummers, and 605 rank and file. The draught was despatched as follows :—Capt. Barnes, Ensigns Sargeant and Bullen, a drummer and 199 rank and file of the 37th Regiment; Ensigns Sul livan, Heyland, and Watt, a drummer, and 6 men of the 56th Regiment (the former embarked in the Alfred for Calcutta, and the latter, in the Tiptree for Bombay) ; Capt. Unwin, Lieuts. Simpson and ,Grandy, 1 sergeant, and 267 men of the 6th Regi ment ; Ensign Brenan, 1 drummer, and 6 men of the 34th Regiment ; and 46 rank and file of the 88th Connaught Rangers (all embarked in the Surrey for Calcutta) ; 8 rank and file of the Ist battalion Ist Royals ; 1 sergeant, 2 drummers, and 6 men of the 44th Regiment (embarked in the Gos forth for Madras) ; and Lieut. Miles, 1 sergeant, 1 drummer, and 87 rank and file of the Ist battalion sth Regiment (to embark in the Aliquis for Cal cutta.) This large draught, added to that which left a few weeks since, of course considerably re duces the force in camp. Dr. Macqueen has been appointed staff-surgeon to the 10th battalion, in the room of Dr. Bain. A large space of ground adjoining the Hut bar• racks has been appropriated for an extra drill ground for the troops attached to the 3d battalion, quartered in the huts, and is now being enclosed and covered in, in order that no interruption to the drill may take place in wet weather. In consequence of the recent accident at Hythe, the practice ground of the Royal Artillery en camped at Shorncliffe has shifted to Seabrook, near the Coastguard station, and the men now fire at a floating target, moored nearly 2,000 yards out at • sea. On Friday morning last the troops in garrison at Edinburgh were reviewed in the Queen's-park, by Viscount Melville, the General commanding in the district, and in the presence of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. The forces present consisted of a company of Royal Artillery, from Leith Fort, with field train, the 16th Lancers, from Piershall barracks, and the West York Rifles, from the Castle. The Prince of Wales wore the uniform of a colonel in the ar my , and th e members of his suite, Colonel Bruce and Capt. Grey, were also in uniform. For about two hours the troops were exercised in the manoeuvres of m i m i c ~ warfare. At the close the troops defiled before the Prince and the General, and then returned to quarters. In the evening the Prince of Wales honoured the officers of the 16th Lancers by joining them at mess. Lord Melville, Col. Bruce, Capt. Grey, Capt. J ones, and the Rev. "Mr. Tarver were p resent. On leavin g the barracks his Royal Highn ess was loudly cheered by th e soldiers. On Saturday orders were issued for schoolroom s , rith quarters for the schoolmaster and schoolmis tt vss, to be constructed at Christchurch barracks, H ants, and also at Piershill barracks, Edinburgh, to pr ovide for the education of the troops and the ten of the married men stationed there. On e of Boydell's patent traction engines, as em ploy?, d in 'Woolwich Arsenal, was received on Sa turda v at the royal carriage department from the . naniufE eturers at Thetford, to be forwarded to Cairo tt the n lquest of the Egyptian Government. The n ew engi'ne is built on an improved principle, is fit led with numerous additional appliances, which we re I:,ugies.-4ted from time to time during the various exp, rae uds which took place in the presence of the select' committee at Woolwich Arsenal, and has come ti ut under an entirely new exterior. The huge ungaint ly looking flaps or slippers forming the end less rail Tway, which formerly gave the invention so ponderous an appearance, are now hidden under a light and neat-looking casing, similar to the paddle wheel boxes of a small lake steamboat. A 20-horse power steam boiler of the upright construction, with horizontal water tubes, made by Mr. Stewart, of Blackwall Iron Works, has been recently erected in the royal carriage department of Woolwich Arsenal, by the inventor and patentee, Mr. R. Armstrong, civil engineer, of North Wool wich, which is remarkable for its portability and economy. Although standing within an area of only five feet square, it is now doing the work of another boiler of the ordinary multi-tubular construction occupying six times that space (viz., 25 ft. by 6 ft.) and with less fuel by one-third. It is no small ad vantage that this new boiler is entirely independent of any connection with brick flues or any large chimney, as required by other boilers, being, in fact, totally without brickwork. It has merely a small iron funnel of 10 or 12 feet high, by which the smoke is passed through the roof of the building. The Essex Rifles Militia, which will assemble for three weeks' duty on the 21st inst., are to be quar tered in the camp at Colchester. The head-quarters of the Royal Wiltshire Militia and 400 rank and file, under the command of Col. Lord Methuen, have arrived at Dover from Alder shot, a detachment of 200 having proceeded to Woolwich for garrison duty. The men, whose period of service expires early in the ensuing year, have signified their desire to volunteer for a further period of five years. WAR IN CHINA. ( From the Times.) The Treaty with China is at an end ! By an act faithless, barbarous, and treacherous, that Treaty has been violated! But the barbarians who have so rudely abrogated their compact will now learn what are the tremendous penalties imposed by civi lisation on a sanguinary and causeless breach of treaties, and feel the vengeance which even their perverted subtlety and crude metaphysics must ad mit to be necessary and just. We all remember how, in consequence of certain outrages on the per sons engaged in carrying on our commerce with China, the great nations principally engaged in re lations with that Empire found it incumbent on them to take such steps as would bring the Chinese authorities to reason in their connexion with the civilised States of the world. Those outrages were but aggravations of the ordinary conditions under which any trade with China was maintained, not• withstanding the severe chastisement administered to the Chinese Government in the conflicts it had provoked by its insolence and ignorant presump tioth In the course of the war which ensued, Eng land, Prince, the United States, and Russia, by a course of actiCn concerted or independent, succeeded in obtaining a series of concessions embodied in treaties, which were aedSllted by the representatives of those States with reasonable satisfaction, and by England especially with entire content. One of the incidents of the treaties obtakied by France and England was, that the Ambasadors a those coun tries should repair to Pekin to exchange ratifica tions with the Ministers of the Chinese Emperor. Lord Elgin, who seemed assured of his success. and Baron Gros, who represented France, had acted throughout the whole of the operations in a spirit which promised the best results. But it must be admitted that, notwithstanding the triumphs of the Allies in all those operations — notwithstanding the easy capture of Canton, and the success of expeditions which met with little opposition except from tortuous navigation and narrow channels there have been, since the Treaties were signed, manifestations of a spirit which ought to have inspired some fear either that the Chinese Government was not sufficiently strong to coerce its own subjects, or that it was determined to resist as far as it could the execution of the Treaty which we had forced upon its officers. In the neighbourhood of Canton hostile forces were collected after the war was at an end, which, as far as we know, were openly countenanced by the mandarins of the Court. We were told, too, of mysterious consequences that would follow if we persisted in thrusting our ambassadors on the Celes tial presence in Pekin ; but still we were quite as sured of our complete success. There were, indeed, some merchants, and people connected with silk, and tea, and opium, who shook their heads, and said, " This is all very well, this Treaty ; how do you know the Chinese will carry it out ?" But we had taught them severe lessons. Had we not given that obstinate but intelligent race many proofs of our power ? Did not our flag float over Canton and in Hongkong, and were we not lords in Shang hai ? Had we not battered down all their forts, crushed their war-junks like eggshells, and brushed away their legions of braves almost without an effort ? Accordingly, when Mr. Bruce arrived, and the French ambassador was ready, the expedition of steamvessels, which was probably regarded rather as an escort than as an actual display of phy sical power, started for the mouth of the Peiho. Tne telegrams, which will be found in another place, tells the rest of the story. It is sad enough, but neither England nor France, in spite of the loss of many brave men, and of a naval calamity which has not had its counterpart since those great nations met as enemies, can be permitted to consider it as altogether concluded. On the 17th of June, according to the telegram sent by Mr. Rumbold, Secretary to the Chinese Mission, Admiral Hope arrived off the Peiho River. His exact force we do not know, but the account of our losses gives us an unhappy proof that he was in command of a oonsiderable number of men-of-war, all probably of light draught though of heavy armament, and belonging to the class of steam sloops and gunboats. We have as yet no precise indication of the strength of the expedi tionary flotilla belonging to France. Admiral Hope must have discovered immediately on his arrival that the fortifications which had been demolished by our fleet at its last visit were restored, but " no guns or men were visible." That there were both guns r.nd men in abundance we shall soon see, though Admiral Hope did not. And here there is a mystery on which the telegram throws no light. How was it that the English Admiral did not take steps to ascertain the nature of the defences, which most have been thrown up and re-established with no object but to resist his passage ? If any doubt of their purpose could have been entertained it must have been dispelled on finding that "the entrance to the river was barred with booms and stakes?' For three days the flotilla lay off the mouth of the Peiho, and off those forts, and off those booms and stakes. On the 20th of June the British and French Plenipotentiaries joined the squadron, and it would appear that they sent on shore to the Chinese authorities to announce their arrival. When the announcement was made can not yet be precisely determined, but it is probable that the Plenipotentiaries lost no time in commu nicating with the Mandarins, and that on the morning of the 21st, at furthest, they had informed the representatives of the Government of Pekin that the Ambassadors of England and France had arrived with the view of exchanging the ratifica tions of the Treaty. For four days at least the fleet remained inactive, waiting for the Chinese to take the proper measures for their reception, and for theft: progress up the river. During the interval, however, grave doubts must have filled the minds of gur Ambassadors in reference to the intentions of the authorities on shore. It is all but impos sible, if the ordinary vigilance of British sailors had been exhibieed in our squadron, that guns could have been mounted secretly in the reconstructed forts, and that a large land force could have been assembled to support their fire, without any one op board the ships observing the fact. Had the smallest suspicion been excited respecting the animus of the Chinese Government it is evident that the circum stances under which the expedition had set out would be completely changed. Instead of a peace ful voyage through the yellow waters of the Peiho our ships would have proceeded on an undertaking full of risk, exposed not only to the perils attendant on a navigation which one of the most skilful and daring of British sailors has declared to be grave and extraordinary, but to the very serious aggrava tion of such contingencies offered by the hostile occupation of the banks of a difficult and imper fectly known river. However that may be, it seems that at the end of five days the Plenipotentiares, having received no reply to their communications, resolved " to force a passage." They had on their flanks the forts of the Peiho reconstructed, and probably strengthened. They had before them " the booms and stakes" which barred the entrance to the river. In fact, it would appear that ever since Sir Michael we may engaged been Seymo ur ' s - fl eet l e f t t h e c h anne l th e Chinese had be inclinedin prep t a o r a ii s i k g to defend it. of Atid here busilyw our many steamers was not left to cruise l off t mouth of the stream, and to prevent, when it would hove been easy t d o so, any endeavours to rebuild the forts, to anchor booms or to sink stakes in the river ? We are n ow told that " when (on the 2,5 th June) an attempt was made to force a passage, on a sudden batteries supported by a Mongol force of apparently 20,000 men were unmasked, and opened a destructive fire." If these batteries were of guns in ' the forts their existence ought to have been known to us. But the words "on a sudden" and un masked" speak to us of a surprise, and we wait with impatience the details which shall explain to us how it was possible for a British squadron to be , surprised by a sudden fire from masked batteries at THE SUN, LONDON a place where it had been lying for at least one week before the engagement. The painfulresults, however, are only too explicit. A " severe action" took place. Our light gunboats were probably sent ahead at full speed to break through the booms and stakes. We do not know how the tide was running, but it is plain enough the attempt was not successful. Screws may have become fouled or broken ; the vessels were probably brought up in places covered by the fire of the batteries. As to the 20,000 Mongols and their matchlocks, our steamers would have made short work and little account of them, unless they were very seriously engaged with artillery, or the musketry fire was very close. The broadsides of a few heavy frigates would have cleared forts and Mongols away like a whisk of leaves in autumn, but the Peiho was only fit for gunboats, and gun boats, with all their advantages, even as heavy metalled steam sloops, hare their weak points and their drawbacks. It is unprofitable to speculate— it is unwise and may be unjust to censure—but here is the very painful and very humiliating fact that the Chinese defeated us—we can scarcely credit it as we write the words—that they defeated us with heavy loss—that the .Cormorant screw steam gun vessel, the Lee and the Plover gunboats, were captured or sunk, and 464 British officers and sailors were killed or wounded. That there may be no mistake about the completeness of the repulse we are told that the Plenipotentiaries have returned to Shanghai, that the hope of carrying out the Treaty has been abandoned, that a fresh war is considered imminent, and that, though the Allies occupy Canton, all trade with the interior is inter rupted. When we consider that the loss of officers and men in this attack is very much greater than that of the whole British fleet in the engagement with the sea defences of Sebastopol on the 17th of October, 1854, we may appreciate its actual severity, but in the necessity of another Chinese war the re sult is still more unfortunate. The names of Shad well and Vansittart among the wounded would imply that the two heavy frigates which they com manded—the Magicienne and the Highflyer—were engaged in the action, and the Commander•in-Chief of the naval force in the East Indies must also have taken part in the operations, as he is returned in the same list. Of the loss of officers there are two estimates. The smaller is only too heavy. What ever may be the preliminaries or the incidents of the encounter, we know enough to entitle us to in sist with calm resolution that for every drop of this blood there shall be c )mplete satisfaction ; that the barbarians, whom no treaties can bind, shall be made at least to feel the consequences of breaking them, and that England and France—or England without France, if necessary—shall teach such a lesson to these perfidious hordes that the name of " European" will thereafter be a passport of fear, if it cannot be of love, throughout their land. JUDICIAL. STATIST'IL.S. The third branch of the first part of the report of Mr. Samuel Redgrave, the Criminal Registrar (already noticed in The Sun of the 7th of Septem ber), refers to p: isons ; much interesting informa tion respecting them being also derived from the reports of the official directors and inspectors of those institutions, to which we shall refer in a separate article. The returns made by the keepers of prisons bear out, in their results, the satisfactory conclusion that the tendency of commitments to increase has at length been arrested. 139,457 persons were com mitted in 1858—namely, 105,107 males and 34,282 females. The percentage was 13.5 for trial at asiizes &c., 59.6 on summary conviction, 2 . 6 for want Of bail, 9 on remand and discharged, 11.9 for debt and on civil process, and 3.4 under the Mutiny Act. The commitments, as compared with 1857, ex hibit a decrease of 1.7 per cent. on the total com mitted, but if the criminal class is separated, the decrease is more considerable ; it is balanced by an increase of 15.8 on the debtors and others com mitted, not for crime, but on civil process, and a large increase of the military prisoners. The num ber of debtors committed to gaol has largely in creased-viz., from 9,677 in 1854, to 16,620 last year. The grand total of the debtors committed in the quinquennium from 1854 to 1858 was 63,287, against 42,139 only in the preceding five years, from 1849 to 1853. This increase of debtors im mured in gaols is doubtless due to the County Court system of commitments, already modified by legsi lative interference last session. The military crimi nals have risen from 1,777 to 4,675. The proportion of the recommittals varies but little ; it was 29 . 8 per cent. last year, 29.7 in 1857, and 27.5 in 1856 ; last year 41,580 criminals re lapsed, or, like faulty bills in Parliament, were " re committed ;" of these 18,268 had been previously committed once, 7,909 twice, 4,345 three times,2,BB3 four times, 1,639 five times ; 2,217 between five and seven times ; 1,313 between seven and ten times, and 3,006 more than ten times. The ages of those convicted (debtors and military prisoners excepted) were as follows :-1,553 males and females under 12 years, 8,776 under 16, 26,800 under 21, 38,413 under 30, 21,632 between 30 and 40, 12,088 between 40 and 50, 5.297 between 50 and 60, and 2,798 above 60 years of age. The propor tion of the younger criminals had for many years continued to increase ; it attained its maximum in 1856, since which time, thanks to the reformatories, a progressive decline has been visible. There was a decrease last year in the usually large proportion of Irish criminals committed, particularly of the females. The Irish were in the ratio of 13 . 4 per cent., the English 79.0, the Welsh 2.4, the Scotch 1.9, and foreigners 1.6 per cent. No new facts ore presented by the state of in struction. Education is sinwly but generally ad vancing ; 41,826 of those committed could neither read nor write ; 68,227 could read, or do both im perfectly ; 6,813 could do both well, and 397 were of superior instruction. It is not easy to ascertain with acouracy the antecedents of the criminal class, but the 118,162 persons committed (debtors and mili tary prisoners excepted) are thus classified : -namely, 24,789 (8,012 men and 16,777 women), "of no occupation" at all, 4,487 household servants; 49,127 labourers, charwomen, and seamstresses ; 5,703 factory operatives, 22,490 mechanics and skilled workers, 162 foremen and overlookers, 1,297 shopmen, shopwomen, and clerks; 3,336 shopkeepers and dealers, 312 " professional" men, 5,214 sailors, marines, and soldiers (the last, we presume, " unat tached"), and 1,263 whose occupations were not known. It will be seen that the ranks of crime are most largely recruited from labourers, mechanics, skilled workers, and what the Frezch would call Bens d'industrie, or persons of no lawful 'vocation. "The tables give evidence," says Mr. Redgrave, "of a large neglected class, trained not to labour, but to plunder." Again, among the unskilled, un taught " labourers, charwomen, and needlewomen," numbers are classed who assume these occupations only to conceal their nefarious pursuits. "It is from the neglected, uncared-for masses which these classes include that the habitual criminals spring, and to them may be added those who lapse into crime from drunkenness, idleness, and vicious in• dulgence." " Poverty and distress, the common excuses for crime, degrade but few, and, probably, add little to the mass." There was a decrease of 8.8 per cent. in the pri soners in gaol at the end of the year, as compared with the number at the beginning; this is due to the shorter term of sentences, and the greater numbers removed to the Government prisons. 17,948 pri soners remained in gaol on the last day of the year 1858-viz., 13,802 men and 4,146 women ; 10,105 were removed from the local to Government and other prisons, 967 to reformatories, and 130 to mad houses ; 7 were let out (from the local prisons) on tickets of leave, 11 escaped, 12 committed suicide, 219 died, and 10 were hanged. The cases of in sanity are marked by a continuous increase, amounting to 25 . 2 per cent. on a comparison of the last two quinquennial periods. There were 57,514 punishments inflicted for prison offences, 171 prisoners were whipped, 13,593 " dark celled," and 41,642 had the supplies stopped. The total cost of the prisons last year was £560,012 -viz., £217,394 for building ar.d establishment charges, £191,350 for salaries of officers, &c., and £151,367 for the keep, &c., of the prisoners them selves. Each prisoner cost the country at least £23 10s. ld. per annum, or, taking in certain ex traordinary charges of last year, £29 16s. Bd. In some large prisons the cost is far above the average. In Lincoln County Gaol, for example, it is as high as £56 19s. 10d. a-year ; in Ne wgate, £52 2s. 1(1.; and in Chester County Gaol, £47 9s. Bd. In Kent County Gaol the cost is only £2l ss. 4d. ; in Durham, £l6 ls. 7d. ; and in Stafford, £l7 ls. During the last decenium the maximum general average cost of each prisoner was £29 ls. 2d. (1856), and the minimum £22 ss. Gil. (1851). Of the prison expenditure, £29,72; was derive/I from prison receipts (£23,194 from the profits of prisoners' labour), £420,619 from lccal rates and funds, and £109,666 from the public revenue. The Government convict prisons, which have entirely superseded the hulks, will be noticed in detail in our review of the report of the director; of those establishments. The daily average num ber of prisoners there immured last year was 7,853, and 7,628 remained on hand on the 31st of De cember. About 1,300 were removed to the col flies (Western Australia, Bermuda, and Gibraltar), two were sent to school or reformatories, and 17 to madhouses ; 312 were let out on tickets of leave, 21 on commutation of sentence, and 110 on pardon. Three prisoners escaped. The number of convicts diseharued on tickets of leave has been reduced from 2,892 in 1856, and 922 in 1857, to the num- MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 12, 1859. ber already indicated (312). There were 8,925 prison punishments, 147 by the scourge. The gross total cost of the convict prisons in the year (all charges included) was £284,168 ; the average gross annual cost per convict was £33 7s. 6d. The total official cost of the prisons is set down at £262,473, by excluding gratuties to convicts on liberation and other expenses. From the total cost the Director-General of Convict Prisons is pleased to deduct £7,762 as the value of convict labour paid into the Treasury. " But," remarks the Registrar— " The Director-General appends to his return a calcula ion amounting to ..-(a15,673 4s. as the 'value of the labour of convicts employed on Admiralty and Ordnance works at Portland, Portsmouth, and Chatham ; in manufactures of various kinds at Millbank, Pentonville, Brixton, Fulham, Dartmoor, and Parkhurst, with work performed on the farms at the two last mentioned places, and for prison pur poses generally, as distinguished from the amount paid in respect of production labour into the Exchequer.' This labour, when for public purposes, as at her Majesty's dock yards and the Portland breakwater, may be fairly valued in diminution of the charge on the public, but any portion of convict labour which is for prison purposes is, so far as it has a value, directly in diminution of the prison expenses, and it would, therefore, appear erroneous to make any esti mated reduction on such labour as a separate credit." The net annual cost of the convicts per head in each of the prisons is, on allowing the further value of their labour, as calculated above, reduced to— Pentonville, £27 7s. 3d. ; Millbank, £3O 7s. ' • Port land, £6 9s. 2d. ; Portsmouth, £ 5 2 s. 6 d.; Chatham, £6 1 Is. 6d. ; Dartmoor, £2B 18s. ; Invalid Estab lishment, Lewes, £44 4s. Bd. ; Parkhurst, £27 19s. 6d. ; Brixton, £23 9s. 6d.; and Fulham Refuge, £23 175.; total, £lB 13s. 4d. There were 700 males and 149 females committed to 47 certified (reforma tory) schools, exhibiting a falling off, as compared with 1857, of 270. These juvenile culprits had previously been incarcerated for periods varying from 14 days to four months and upwards ; 138 were ordered to be detained in the reformatories two years, 212 for three, 177 for four, and 322 for five years. The commitments last year of those who had been previously imprisoned for offences were proportionately much fewer than those in the previous year. 205 boys and 36 girls were under 12 years of age when admitted; 359 could neither read nor write. These prisoners are supported by an allowance of 7s. each per week from the public purse. The charge in 1858 was £31,961, of which £934 was recovered from the parents under the Act of Parliament. Criminal lunatics (so called) have increased by 11.0 per cent. 146 were committed in the year (103 males and 43 females) ; 33 died, one escaped, 25 were discharged as sane, and 16 were removed as sane for trial or punishment. 686 remained under the charge of " mad doctors" at the end of the year. The 79$ criminal lunatics reported on as coming within the category during the year included 130 murderers, 75 would-be murderers and maimers, 6 manslayers, 3 ravishers, 6 assaulters with intent to ravish, 10 unnatural crimes, 2 treasonable and sedi tious offenders, 44 assailants, 5 indecent exposers of person, 41 burglars, 191 petty thieves, 37 incen diaries, 5 forgers, 42 rioters, 46 vagrants, 2 "dan gerous persons at large," and seven deserters. The cost of these lunatics was £22,122, of which part was defrayed by local rates, £10,271 by the public revenue, and £1,519 derived from the private funds of the lunatics or their friends. We cannot do better than conclude by extracting the closing remarks of the Registrar on crime in general : " I would, in conclusion, if not irrelevant, refer to the costs which crime and its attendant demoralisation entail upon the community. Though the value of the property stolen has been stated from actual returns by the police of several largo districts, the information on this head was deemed too imperfect to make it a subject of general in quiry. The Metropolitan Police state from year to year the amount of the loss by depredation within their wealthy and extensive district, and the yearly average is under £50,000. In similar returns, by the police of the city of Manchester, the loss from depredation is stated not to amount to £15,000 yearly. But these sums cannot represent the total loss. They bear no just relation to the numbers in these districts who are stated to be living by depredation, and contrast strangely with estimates (however little reliance may be placed upon them) which have been put forth by authority. A writer* estimated in much detail the loss by depredation in the metropolis, as it existed so far back as 1800, at 12,000,000 yearly, and the Watch Committee of Liverpool, hi an elaborate report in 1836, stated the loss by depreda tion in their borough to be gOO,OOO yearly, declaring their conviction that this large sum was not exaggerated, but, on the contrary, was much understated. The charges which are incurred in the prevention and punishment of offences may, to some extent, be accurately stated. They appear in these statistics for the past year.' The gross total amount of these charges is £2,381,054—viz., £1,447,019 for the police £95,890 for the cost of prosecutions (in 1857), and the rest for prisons and reformatories. Of this sum £1,590,850 is defrayed from local resources, and £790,204 from the public purse. But there are also many other expenses too numerous to be spe3i fied, and not easily defined or ascertained. The numbers of the criminal classes at large have been estimated to amount to 135,000, living by the plunder and the vices of the community. Now, it may be fairly assumed that each of these persons must spend at least £25 a year, and that this black mail, or " thieves' income-tax," is levied on the public at a loss of even double that sum. This would amount to £7,746,100, and, added to the actual and positive charges (of police and prisons) already enumerated, it would warrant the estimate that the criminal classes entail upon the community an annual expense of not less than ten million pounds sterling, or more than one-third of the interest of the National Debt ! ' Colquhoun on " The Police of the Metropolis." I? IILWAY INTELLIGENCE. LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN. A special meeting, under the presidency of the Marquis of Chandos, Svas held on Saturd a y morn ing at the Euston station, when the arrangements entered into by the directors were confirmed, viz., to lease the Lancaster and Carlisle undertaking for a period of 1,000 years. It is stipulated that the oapital shall not exceed £1,600,000, including £350,000 held by the North-Western, and the loan capital not to exceed £430,000, making together £2,030,000. Neither the share nor loan capital is to be increased without the consent of the North- Western, under their seal. The Lancaster' and Carlisle Company are to receive the dividend and interest as published for the half-year ending the 31st of July last. In no case is the Lancaster and Carlisle to receive less than 8 per cent. per annum (less income-tax), and to increase according to the following scale :—viz., on the North-Western paying a dividend of 41 per cent. per annum to their ordinary shareholders, the Lancaster and Car lise are to receive a dividend et the rate of 81 per cent. per annum ; on the North. Western paying a dividend of 41 the Lancaster and Carlisle are to receive a dividend of 9; on paying 4,1 the Lancas ter and Carlisle are to receiv e 9L; on paying 5 the Lancaster and Carlisle are to receive 91 ; and on the North-Western paying 6 the Lancaster and Carlisle are to receive 101, and so on for any greater or less fraction than 1 per cent. The Lancaster and Preston and Kendal and Windermere Compa nies are to receive their due proportion of dividend according to the a^t of 1849 and the proposed agreement for amalgamation. The united capital of the two companies when amalgamated will be about £900,000. The London and North-Western are to provide office accommodation and to pay the expenses of direction, audit, secretary, and transfer expenses, but they are not exceed in the whole £1,525 per annum. The Lancaster and Carlisle, including the Kendal and Windermere and Lan caster and Preston Companies, are to have the right, subject to the sanction of Parliament, to participate rateably in the allotment of any further creation of North-Western stock. IREL t ND. DUBLIN, SATURDAY MORNING. THE DERBY ESTATES IN TIPPERARY. A statement from the Clonmel Chronicle, alleging that Lord Derby had instructed his agent to clear the Doon estate of the tenants, has given great offence to the ultra-national journals. The 14)- perar y Free Press trusts that it s local contemporary has been misinformed and has been mawillingly led to do his lordship a grievous injustice :—" We can not bring ourselves to believe that his lordship, who, for many years back, has been classed as one of the best landlords i n Ti pperary , cou ld perpe t ra t e an act so incompatible with equity and fair dealing as to clear off all the tenantry at present on the Doors estate, with one or two exceptions, because they either cannot or will not inf orm on the perpe trato7s cf this murder (the murder of Crow). Heaven knows we would not, for an instant, advo cate the entertainment of the least particle of syni. p a thy for a ruffian whose h an d s we re red with the blood of a fellow creature ; but to punish a commu nity fur the sins of one or two individuals seeris so utterly repugnant to every feeling of justice that we are forced to discredit the statement of our con temporary, and to pause ere we could imagine Lord Derby would eveh countenance welch an act. e' ty : litve there are few estates better managed than those of the noble lord are by Mr. Grey, and for ma ny years back every statement we have heard regarding them has been creditable both to owner and occupiers, but if any sympathisers are suspected on thelloon estate, and if good reason can be shown for harbouring suspicion in their regard, let them feel Lord Derby's just resentment, but that it should gain expression after the wholesale fashion men tioned in the Chronicle would be so downright an injustice that we must regard the story as increcli life in itself,' and unworthy of the noble lord with whose name it is assoeiatvd," THE CASE OF DR. SZKETHURS7. It would seem that the authorities at the Home Office are in great difficulty as to the course that should be taken with the prisoner, under the pecu liar circumstances of the case, and not the slightest intimation has been given as to what is likely to be his ultimate fate. A good many persons appear to think that as the fact of his being reprieved necessarily implies a serious doubt of his guilt, the prisoner ought to receive a free pardon, but there is no doubt that such a result is quite out of the question, and it is a very common practice in cases where there is no doubt that the act was committed by the pri soner, fur the capital sentence to be commuted to one of penal servitude or transportation for life; and among many instances of this, there may be cited the cases of Corrigan, for the murder of his wife in the Minories ; Kirwan, for the murder of his wife at Dublin by drown!ng ; and that of the woman Rutter, who was convicted at the summer assizes of the murder of her husband by cutting his throat. In all these cases the punishment of death was commuted to penal servitude for life, and if a similar course were taken with regard to Dr. Smethurst, it would be quite in accordance with tjie precedent that has been established. According to the gaol regulations, in the case of every prisoner who is under sentence of death, the governor of the prison is bound to have persons in charge of the culprit night and day during the interval before the execution. This was done with Dr. Smethurst until the receipt of the reprieve • but since then this surveillance ha s b een t a k en off, and the prisoner is treated as an ordinary convict. He has no opportunity of associating with other criminals, as Horsemonger-lane gaol, where he is confined, has recently undergone extensive altera tions, in order to carry out the separate system of confinement, and he is in all respects treated as an ordinary criminal. Before he was reprieved, he was visited by his brother, under a special order of the magistrates, but he now sees him, as any other prisoner would be visited, at the times fixed by the visiting justices, and he is the only person who has seen the prisoner since his conviction, except his attorney, Mr. Humphrys, who, it appears, only saw him upon one occosion. The prisoner still continues to assert in the most earnest manner his entire and absolute innocence of all participation in causing the death of Miss Bankes, and there appears very little doubt that he is strongly impressed with the idea that he shall receive a pardon.. He has addressed several letters to the Home Secretary, and in one of these com munications it is said that he states that he cannot prove his innocence unless he is set at liberty, and declares that if he has this opportunity he will prove conclusively that he is entirely innocent of the crime of which he has been convicted. TRUE VALUE OF THE SIGNS OF DISEASE FOUND IN THE BODY OF _MISS BANRES. The Medical Times publishes a letter from Dr. Wilkes, one of the witnesses for the prosecution, remarking that this letter supplies " a link want ing in the Medical history of the case as hitherto reported. The morbid appearances observed in the intestinal canal of Miss Bankes are there carefully described, and their true import, as we think, ac curately defined." Dr. Wilkes concludes his letter as follows : " Looking once more upon the case under con sideration, although exhibiting a more acute in flammation of the intestine than I have ever seen (except in one or two instances before mentioned), I cannot say that it differs in character from such examples of idiopathic disease as I have described ; and, apart from, my own personal experience, I be lieve the condition which this intestine represents to closely resemble the more acute forms of dysen tery occasionally observed, and therefore if I met with such a condition accidentally (in making a post-mortem examination), although I should insti tute the strictest inquiries as to the possibility of any irritant having been taken during life-time, I should be obliged, in the absence of all such evi dence, to call the case one of acute dysen tery. I should do so because I believe in the pos sibility of the disease occasionally, though very rarely occurring, notwithstanding some very high authorities dout the existence of the acute form iu th's country. In the present instance, there fore, from an examination of the diseased part, I could not say that it was not an example of acute dysentery. " My conclusions, then, are, that although this acute inflammation might be set up by an irritant poison, yet that as a primary form of disease does occasionally, though rarely, produce a similar effect, I am unable to determine which was the cause in operation in the present instance. ‘, You, sir, and your readers, will be able to see from this report, made several weeks ago, that the post-mortem appearances gave no unequivocal indi cation of the effect of poisoning, although the oppo site has been stated by some of the public journals. My own opinion is, that in all probability an irri tant substance caused the ulceration, but that the latter was not distinguishable from the dysenteric form, and consequently the pri soner should have had the benefit of the doubt on this point as on all others. One theory of the case is that a vegetable irritant might hive been given to cause abortion, but that death unin tentionally resulted; and I think this is very likely to be the case, for the supposition of arsenic (if it had been on the indictment) was entirely upset by the defence. There can be no doubt that the end of the ileum and large intestine are the parts of the alimentary canal most liable to be affected from various causes, for in them irritant substances lodge, and from being furnished with excreting glands it may be their function to get rid of noxious sub. stances from the system ; and in this manner it is thought by some that a poisonous miasma produces dysentery. From whatever cause, however, the proneness of this part of the intestine to be affected by disease or poisons is remarkable ; thus, within a short time, I have seen a case where a quantity of dilute sulphuric acid was taken, and where (the stomach of course was affected) the small in testine was entirely unaffected, but the large in testine was inflamed in the way in which Dr. Thu dichum called "diphtheritic." In another case where owing to a strangulated hernia, a woman had swallowed a quantity of most violent purgatives, the stomach and small intestines showed no indi cation of an irritant having been taken, and yet the colon was acutely inflamed. Bichloride of mercury is well known to produce this effect, and, as before said, the only cases of poisoning which I have seen, in which the intestine re sembled that of Miss Bankes, were those by this substance. I may add, that I think those gentlemen will spoke of dysentery being a common affection, could hardly be aware of the fearful amount of de struction which existed in this case ; as seen by the almott detached mucous membrane from the me cum, the effusion of blood, and the peritonitis. I may remind your readers that although our public and professional press is taken up with controver sies on the medical evidence, instigated principally by the Times, which stated Smethurst's case to be purely a medical one, yet that the Lord Chief Baron distinctly told the jury that the medieal evidence was unimportant, compared with the cir cumstantial ; and it is upon this, chiefly, thht the judge dwelt, and upon which he charged them to form an opinion. It is probably for this reason that the discussion still going on was thought to hi.ve little weight in deciding, the ultimate fate o f the prisoner." A STORY OF THE, LATE LORD CHAN CELL OR THESIGER. _ " What, little Thesiger Lord Chancellor !" said the other, springing to his feet, with great anima tion. " You don't say so P Climbing aloft came easy to him, it seems; and so now he is on the trucklehead, and got a Chancellor's wig on, eh ? Well, lam right glad to hear it. Dear me," he continued, resuming his seat, "it seems to me only the other day he was skylarking in the cock-pit, and up to all sorts of pranks and devilry. I recol lect we once took a Spanish prize, loaded with cigars, snuff, and all sorts of raw and manufactured tobacco. Of course, we youngsters helped ourselves most liberally. The snuff was in bladders of the size of foot•balls ; but as none of us used that, we amused ourselves by shying it about at each other. The captain's 'clerk, who messed with us, was a sneaking sort of fellow, and used to carry favour with him, by-reporting what was going on in the cock-pit. So, in order to puniih him, one night Thesiger and I took one of these bladders, cut it open, and spread its contents gently all over his hammock. When he came below, and turned in, as usual, with a spring (for he was as active as a cat), he sent up a cloud of snuff that set him coughing, crying, sneezing, and swearing like mad ; but the wont of it was, it nearly choked the whole of us, middies, upon whom it had the same Effect; and when the officer cline below, to inquire into the eau-e of the row, he tchee-hee'd and tchee-hee'd as bad as any of us; and as soon as he opened his mouth to speak, down went the snuff into his throat, and nearly suffocated him with coughing. He could do nothing but swear, stamp his feet, and s lake h 4 fist at us. There was a precious row, as you ropy suppose ; but the best fun of all was to see the younc , sucking lawyer, threatening to report the clerk for trying to stifle us all like rats, by attempt ing to conceal the snuffin his hammock. Dear me, how I should like to see him again. Oh, Colonel, those we re h appy d a ys we passed afloat. I alway s regret having left the navy.----Season Ticket, 221 -Dublin University Magazine, THE LEEDS MURDER. The examinat'ou of the prisoner Normington was resumed on Saturday morning at the Leeds Town Hall, before Ralph Markland, Esq., and .other magistrates. Bearder was also brought up on re mand. After several witnesses had been examined, and the depositions had been read, the persons in the dock were ordered to sit down, and Mr. Barr told the prisoner that he was charged with the murder of Richard Broughton, on the 6th of August, near Roundhay. Mr. Markland then charged the prisoner in the usual way, and Mr. Barr asked him if he had anything to say. The prisoner replied " Yes ; well, it was not me that did it ; and after observing that he was reliev ing himself as the old man passed, he continued— Just after I had got down I heard , the old man scream, and I jumped up and saw -the old man sit down against the stoop in the foot road. I ran with my breeches down. There was another man stand ing over him with a stick over his shoulder. Then I ran, and the other man overtodk me in Foundry lane, and when we had got a little past there he showed me a watch, and I asked him where he had got it, and he said he had pushed yon old man do xn, and then hit him with a stick on the side of the head and maddled him. I said to him, " Where's the stick ?" and he said " I have thrown it away." I said to him, " Have you hurt him?" and he re plied, "No." I told him that I had seen a drop of blood running down his cheek as I set off running, and I said to him " Thou murderer ! if I had known, I would not have come up fields with thee ;" and he replied, " Thou has no occasion to be frightened as long as it is me that's done it." I said, " Well, I know thee, and can tell thee when I see thee," and he replied, " The next time thou sees me it will be in a farther country." I said, " Well, it doesn't choose where I see, I shall know thee." The prisoner was next charged with stealing the watch. The Prisoner—l have nothing to say on that charge. Mi. Barr—There is a distinct charge that you robbed the man. The Prisoner—l did not rob the man. The other man did, and. I did not know of it until he had done it. The Bench then committed the prisoner for trial at the assizes on both charges. The man Bearder was next ordered to stand up, and Mr. Markland said—There is not sufficient evi• dence against you on this charge, and, you are therefore discharged, so far as this case is con cerned. If any other evidence transpires we shall know where to find you. Bearder asked if he could not have his clothes hack with him ; upon which Mr. English said they were in the custody of the West Riding police. FIGHTING FRENCH SPORTSMEN. A Nice journal, the Avenir, has the following : " The Jockey Club of Paris, it is known, had seve ral of its members among the officers who served in the army of Italy, and two of them, Count de la Rochefoucauld and Viscount A. Talon, escaped death in a miraculous way. The former, in charging the Austrian cavalry, received five wounds and was made prisoner. None of the wounds were mortal, but one of them was caused in a very extraordinary way; a hulan placed his pistol close to the count's forehead and pulled the trigger, but the ball, in stead of shattering his skull, went round the frontal bone, tearing off the skin, and at last went out into empty space, making a hole in the kepi. As to M. Talon, whilst charging at the head of his company at the 'battle of Solferino, he arrived in an Austrian square. and received a charge of balls, which, however, only wounded his horse, without touching him. The horse fell, but the rider jumped up, sword in hand, and presently had his kepi cut through by a sword ; a moment after he received a second blow on the head, but in the confusion which prbvailed the hand of the soldier who struck was turned aside, so that the flat of the sword only hit him ; in another moment a dragoon placed his carbine close to the viscount's cheek, but it missed fire. M. Talon then received a violent thrust from a bayonet, which threw him to the ground, but the soldier who gave it was astonished to see him soon after rise and get away. The soldier no doubt thought the young officer had some talisman about him, and so he had. In the campaign in the Crimea M. Talon one day com plained that he had broken the glass of his watch, and could not get it replaced. One of his soldiers said, Lieutenant, you have no need to carry your watch to the Palais Royal—l am a watchmaker by trade, and have some tools in my knapsack. If you have a piece of 2f. I will put you in" a glass that will never break !' M. Talon gave the man his watch and a piece of 2f., and the man very skil'iilly beat out the coin until it became large enough, and then fixed it in the case so as to oc cupy the place of the lass. The weal then pre sented this particularity, that the cases were gold, and the part where the glass ought to be seen silver. On his return to France M. Talon continued to wear the watch, both as a curiosity and as a souvenir of the Crimea. He had it in his pocket in the battle of Solferino ; and it was against it that the point of the Austrian bayonet struck. But so violent was the thrust that the point of the bayonet passed through both the coin and the watch! Thus,' said M. Talon to his friend, in recounting the affair, I owe my life to a piece of 2f. !" And the money; said a gentleman present, was well invested.' The remark, though not new, was appropriate. THE PADIHAM STRIKE.—We have received the following telegram—" Blackburn, Sept. 10.—A meeting of the Blackburn masters' committee and of operatives took place last night at Blackburn in relation to the Padiham strike, when it was decided, subject to the approval of the weavers's boards of management, that as that committee's list was only an exceedingly small fraction below the stand ard list of prices, the operatives should resume work imme diately, if the Padiham masters would undertake to pay them according to the list of that committee. The opera tives' deputation is to report the decision thereon to the meeting next Wednesday." ACCIDENT TO THE HON. FREDERICK VILLIERS. —We are sorry to hear that the Hon. Frederick Villiers, son of the Earl and Countess o f J ersey, met w i t h a f a ll while trying a' young horse on Saturday forenoon at Mr. J. Mason's. Although an experienced horseman he was thrown, and sustained a dislocation of his collar bone. Im mediately after the accident the best medical aid was afforded, and the hon. gentleman was conveyed to Lord Jersey's re sidence in Berkeley-square. Lady Elizabeth Villiers was sent for to town owing to the injuries her husband had sustained. We are gratified to add that no serious conse quences are likely to result, but quiet for some time to come is indispensable for recovery. THE LAST OF THE SHANNON.—I read that as soon as the breaking. up of the Tartar, frigate, is completed, in Chatham Dockyard, " the St. Lawrence (one of the old 46- gun frigates) will be taken into the same dock and broken up." This St. Lawrence i s, I believe, no other than that famous old Shannon which fought and captured the Chesa peake in the American war. Her name, having taken an imperishable place in history, was transferred, some few years since to the large screw frigate which now bears it (and which has herself been made memorable by the late gallant Sir William Peel). The renowned old hull has since been lost sight of under the name of the St. Lawrence. If lam not mistaken respecting these facts —and I can hardly be—many will, doubtless, be glad to learn that a last look may yet be taken of this famous old vessel.-IVotes and Queries. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—ThorIey' s Fo o d f or C attle is now beginning to seriously attract the attention of the farmer, breeder, and feeder of stock. Two years of unremitti ng care and attention ha ve ena bl e d its inventor to take high ground as a benefactor to these interests ; and notwithstand ing the many drawbacks, the malevolent shafts hurled against it and its probable utility, the food, from its admitted value, will become a necessity to the agricultural interest. Experience has proved, first, that it effects a considerable saving in the consumption of provender ; secondly, that it produces health and vigour in all animals subjected to its influence : and lastly, increases in azemarkable degree an early development of fat. Mr. Thorley, originating this singularly efficacious food, aimed at a compound calculated to supersede, to a certain extent, the tedious and expensive mode then prevailin of fattening stall-f e d be a st s . I n thi s he happily succeeded; and success prompted a very natural desire to improve upon the invention, so as to make it ap plicable to every description of domestic animal. The Eng , lish farmer was slow to encourage its use, and manifested an unwillingness to rely t pen its efficacy, fancying he possessed in the produce of his farm, ample materials whereby to feed and fatten his cattle at a cheaper rate than bythe employment or addition of artificial food. The tests to which this food has been subjected have proved its perfect admissibility as a cheap addition to the natural produce of the farm ; inasmuch as in all cases a subtraction of one-third may be safely submitted to in the usual food of animals ; and that the produce will be realised, and rendered marketable in two-thirds of the time usually consumed in developing fat ; it, therefore, becolnes apparent that a certain saving is effected by a fair application of Thorley' s Compounded Food. It is believed that the present unprecedented low price of wheat has induced its very gene ral use, in preference to any other of the usual articles of food ; it is, however, much questioned whether wheat is a nourishing and proper food for the working horse, certainly it is not for cows or pigs. Mr. Thorley's Food, besides possessing the advantage of greatly invigorating the health and increasing the physical power of all animals, is a tonic and gentle stimulant, an d w h en m i xe d w i t h their other of fact food, materially assi s t # their digestive powers—athat the matter great consequence, si nce it i s an un d ou bt e d t nourishment contai ne d I n th e i r or di nar y food _ the digestive i s lost, conse quent upon the imp a i re d or d e f ec ti ve ac tion of beneficial organs ; it will a l so b e f oun d t o b e particularly in restori ng t o goo d wor ki ng con diti on horses which have disease, or ar been over-worked, () become weak hurn ws its effects ark .naturally of a feeble constitution. Iu undoubted, indeed almost marvol t l at u tne same time enriches ready doubling the yield of milk and butter, the quality of both. In' Vs a few Yeeels its manifest r compound ,or mum sit;sinfa_tote,sning qusZicies are still more remarkable, displaying feeding. of swine, Such has factoredsup e rior t food oover adopted ever y other the that at all our great cattle shows, been its marked SUCCOSA,m Royalty, noblg+many_a d ' others who have fed their cattle of commendation have hem awarded. on . Thorley's Food, have invariably carried off the principal praes, whilst cards_ 03,,aty, of our pito_ ens] nobility, the The patronage of R leadin,g ag il iClAburists, must pro ve a great incitempt clergy, and of our ant' an to pu rsue hi s onward d ?fie - ' 9 — onfi go, dently rely, in • prod uciAg SO coure9 of such 4 a compound, on up,VAIX liighly-favouo a contin . Pa Noitinguishel4 THE BOMBAY MAIL• The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamehiP Ripon, Capt. J. S. Field, arrived at Southampton at 5 pan, yesterday, with the heavy portion of the t , Bombay mails, in charge of Mr. George Gilpin, of the General Post-office. She brought 18 first-class, 21 second class and servants, five children and two deck passengers—total 46 ; among whom were Lieuis. Pearson, Reid, and liazlerigg, from Bom bay. On freight she had £620 in specie, 544 boxes raisins, 893 bales silk, 58 bales flax, 200 serous, almonds, 20 packages gums,l9B packages elep hants' teeth, 11 casks wine, and 50 packages sundries. The Ripon left Alexandria on the 27th August, Malta the 31st, and Gibraltar the sth September. She experienced strong head winds all the WO, home and was detained off the coast of P ortu g al thick weather. On the 30th ult., at 5 p.m., the Ripon pa ssed th_o . Company's steamer Ceylon, bound eastwai inst., at 6 p.m., the Orissa, bound eastward ; and on the 7th, at noon, the Pera, bound southward. Her Majesty's ships Marlborough, Princess R o y al, Conqueror, Renown, Cressy. Centurion, Argus, and L ap : wing, Wanderer, and Assurance were at Malta , the Vulture at Gibraltar. During a thick fog which prevailed on them orn ing of the sth at Gibraltar, the British steame r Cairo ran ashore off the Tunara, on the eastern beach, and the Government steam tug Redpole was sent to her assistance. The Turkish steamer Chirkit Hairre, Capt. H. Huson, 12 days from Cowes, seven from Pr_ mouth, and 70 hours from Corunna, in ballast, 0, r Constantinople, arrived at Gibraltar on the I st jest _ The Peninsular and Oriental Company's ste amer, Orissa, Captain Joy, five days hence, arrived 0, Gibraltar on the Ist, and proceeded to Malta ana, Alexandria. The following outward-bound British merchan steamers had arrived at Gibraltar :—August the Gibraltar; Captain Hall, from London, VOtig. Teneral cargo and Government stores for tar and Cadiz • 31st, the Vasco de Gama, Capt ain Dow, from dasgow and Lisbon, with general cargo ; Sept. 2, the Crimean, Capt. Wakehani7fr am a Liverpool, with general cargo, for Leghorn an Naples ; same day, the' William France, CaPt• Harris, from Liverpool, with telegraph wire, for Malta and Alexandria; 3d, the Visitor, eaP t i Vowden, from Swansea, with patent fuel, consign e to the Peninsular and Oriental Company.. Latest quotations of exchange at Gibraltar "'- as follows :—London ' 90 days' date, 51; Paris, aide, sf. 32c. ; Marseilles, ditto, sf. 30c. ; Genoa, ditto, sf. 33c. ; Madrid, eight days' sight, dis, ; Cadiz: ditto, dis. ; Malaga, ditto, par ; Seville; ditto, dis. ; Alicante, ditto, dis. ; Valencia, ditto,l di s ' r ; Barcelona, par. Spanish pillared dollars, 3 P e cent premium —none, and no demand. • 'Oa The following French vessels of war had a „ g at Cadiz :—Aug. 26, the steamer Ronther, 4 P 4 Commander De Morjas, from Toulon and earths' ir gena ; the steam gunboat R e d ou t e , 2 gnns? Ce 111; mander Loyer, from Toulon. On the 27th , steam gunboat Sante Barbe, 2 guns, Cow Cow _ Perier ; the steam gunboat l'Eclair, 4 Pu s ' wander Thovart, from To u l on a nd Malaga ' a ll- e steamer Tysiphone, 4 g uns , Capt. Berrie, froniTan giers. On the 28th the following steam gullbO tt* all from Toulon :—La Fleche, 4 guns, Coraman der Grosset ; La Lance, 2, C omman d er B u til ; L'Arq ue- - buse, 2, Command er P ezz i er • an d the Salve, Nr Commander Lelevre. The gunboat Redoute %fl a b ; mander Loyer, l e ft Cadiz on the 28th, a nd steam sloop Tysiphone, 4, Capt. Berrie, on the 27 1 for the westward. The Spanish steamer Jovella li f e put back to Cadiz from off Cape St. Vincent on the 27th, with machinery broken. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEICESTER-SEPT, 10. " There was a good supply of wheat to-day, with rate show of other grain. Prices—White wheat, 4- 4 s —red, 42s to 44s per 36 stone- new red realised 43 9 Pe r , 1 7 2 11, barley, 36s to 42s per quarter ; the oat trade was..,: tai s at quotations ranging from 25s to 35s per 24 stone• a fair sale, at 46s to 53s per 38 stone. Fine flour, 31s I Seconds, 32s I Thirds, 308 per 20 st(file. NOWICH—SEPT. 10. , t h Here, to-day, there R was rather a good attendance ° f f e iirt trade, and a better feeling. The show of wheat Was i n . and prices for old and b es t new were genera lly high°r via, quality at about late rates. The supply of nevi for ley was on the increase, farmers asking high price the best malting descriptions. In other grain t ll °'' scarcely any business doing. White wheat 45s to 48s I Red wheat 38s to 42 ? Flour, 29s to 29s 6d per sack from the miller. DERBY—SEPT. 10. A good supply of wheat at market yesterday. Tra de t I was dull, at a reduction of is to 2s on the currency of las week. Barley in better demand, and quite as dear. 00„ in retail demand, at about late rates. Beans were a moo show. White wheat, new, 45s to 51s Barley, grinding.. 28s to 3 05 Red do. 42s to 45s Oats, old, .. 2Bs to 32 5 Old white 4ss to 48s New do 24s to 26 1 Red do.. 40s to 44s Beans.. 44s to 50g —5 Barley, malting.... 36s to 42s Beans, new to • 1 CAMBRIDGE—SEPT. 10. There was a moderate show of wheat, which met a go! demand, at about former rates. White wheat, 4 60 I ' 48s ; red, 39a to 42s per 36 stone. Barley in limited clu all ‘ tities at former terms-39s to 40s. Oats were a fair 5h.,„" ., ' from 24s to 32s per 24 stone. Beans (old), at 445 to 00; new, 38s to 40s per 38 stone. Other sorts of grain dull. OXFORD—SEPT. 9. A full attendance at market to-day; yet, notwithstand ing, very little business was transacted. Wheat .38s to 44s Oats.... .. White do .43s - to 46s Beans Barley .30s . to 36s Peas ..... :43208C165s tt t °° o 2447284: NORTHAMPTON—Stpr. 10. d Nol a At this corn-market wheat was 'in f a i r su pply, an to slowly. Prices ranged from 40s f o 42s for new, a nd 420 45s per 36 stone for old. There wa s no t mud:passi n g 0 111 other grain. Oats, with a dull demand, quoted at 26_0 440 30s per 24 stone ; beans,. old, 475. to 528 ; new, 400 t° 6Bo ; per 38 stone ; barley, 30s to 36s per qr. ; malt, 64s to rye, 32s to 36s ; tares, 7s 6d to 8s per bushel. NORWICH CATTLE—SEPT. 10. cots , A large show of store • cattle to .clay, 'comprising S $ shorthorns, Devons, and jrish. A fair attendance, all good business done, at fully late prices. Scots, 4s 6d to 5s ;' Ahorthorns,. 48 Od to 4s 6d; ',lns h, ueit 6d to 4s 6d; Devons, 4s to 4s 6d' (estimated weight sv`" fat). • • Fat beasts firm, 8s Od to 8s 6d per stone. A very 00 11 show. Sheep—The pens were tolerably well filled. The best lambs in demand at 32s to 368 per h ea d. F a t s heeP f a 8s 6d per stone. Pigs—A good supply. Store pigs 25s to 30a ; fat pork, 6s Od to 6s 9d per stone: Our market was brisk, with a large supply of n ew DUBLIN—SEpT. 9. and we note the p r i ces of wheat as nominally a lly u to from last market. Oats were a slow sale, at a decline of 3d na per barrel. Indian corn'was almost unsaleable, but lower rates would be taken to induce business. Barley was in fair request, and slightly dearer in some instances. s. d. s. 01. Wheat, white 22 oto 23 0 , fl o:, new ..... 11 0 to 12 9 Do. red 2O oto 21 6 Bere 13 oto 14 0 D 0. ,, new Barley Oats Do., black l4 otols 0 Indian corn .. 28 0t029 0 NEW CUSTOM HOUSE REGULATION.—Un der a new act of Parliament the following regulation is in force at the Custom House :—" If any person shall cause to be im ported goods of one denomination concealed in packag.es of goods of any other denomination, or shall directly or ind rectly cause to be imported or entered any packages of goods . as of one denomination, but which shall afterwards be dir covered, either before or after the delivery thereof to contain goods subject to a higher rate or amount of ta thor of the denomination by which such packag esta te enter.et such packages and all goods contained therein shall be 1 ". feited, and every person shall forfeit and pay for every as at t o h ff e en o c p e ti a on pe o n f ar e C of o f a l mi oo s , s o io r n t e r r e s bl o e f t c h us e the goods a BIRTHS. ADAM.—On the 9th inst., at 33, Priory-road, Kilburn, the wife of G. R. Adam, ef a son. BELL.—On the 9th inst ' at 22, Kildare-terraoe, West bourne-park, the wife of Robert Bell, Esq. BOOTHBY.—On the 9th inst., at 5, Clarendon-place, Hyde park, the wife of 3lajor Boothby, of a daughter. Cox.—On the 6th inst., at Long Buckley, Northampton shire, the wife of Arthur Cox, Esq., of twin sons. ,MARRIAGES, CUST— KENNEDY. —On the Bth inst., by special license, at B e lt on , near Grantham, Csdonel lark Kennedy, C. 13-, son of Major-General Clark Kennedy, C.B K.H., to Charlotte Isabella Cust, daughter of the Hon. Lieut.' Colonel Cust, and niece to the Duke of Buccleuch. ANTROBUS—ADAM.--On the Bth inst., at All Sain ts' Church, Knightsbridge, Hu g h Li n d sa y Antrobus, Esq., sec ond son of Sir Edmund Antrobus, Bart., to Malt daughter of the late Admiral Sir Charles Adam, X.C..D. DEATHS. EYRE.—On the Bth i ns t ., at Bil ton H a ll, W a rwickshire , Major-Gener a l Si r Wi l li am Eyre, K . C . 8 . , age d 53. HYDE.—On th e 9th inst., at Aller, Somerset 4 hire, C harles Hyde, Esq., ag e d 64. STRANGWAYS.—On the Bth inst, the Hon. John Ch arles Fox Stra ngways, o f B r i c k wor th H ouse , near Salisbury SURTEES.—At 7, S a ville-place, Newcastle, Aubone Sur tees, Esq., of l'igdon and Newcastle, aged 82. SWEET.—On the 9th inst., at Church-street, Lambeth., 1 ‘ 6 1 , u : George Hyde Sweet, of her Majesty's Custom s, a g ed LOOKER.—On the 7th inst., at Kingston-upon-Thanes Benjamin Looker, Esq., J.P., aged 63. WRITrrELD.—On the 6th inst., at 8, York-terrace, Ken nington-park, S., Sarah, wife of R. W. Whitfield, Egg- WicKHAm.—On the Bth inst., at Bideford, Devonshire, Mr. William Pyke Wickham, aged 26. . _— - - LONDON : Printed and Published by MIJRDO YOUNG of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Su" Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the comity of Middlesex, Monday; September 12, 1859. Th, Publi sent 1 Cor and of the C' If /Sane( T P O' ai ticket To J'Ai c TAI To 15 R. Si 1 ; Q - 1 ' el a s T( ) I''ir st. To Llani 10 NI Seeon To and 3 Class. T; * na ve , class. Chas For Il an d port lr the at] 1 , 411 be 16 4 NT ~ATS L tQ74 LeaPe TT b len a t l s eip e ketl4 et p,e/ TI T 4,1Q 1