The Sun. — London, England, 1860-09-20 00:00:00

BE_.. 8 0 N'S WA TCtt E S. "Perfection of mechanism."—Alcrning Post. Gold bilver 2to 50 guineas. Bend 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet,.deserip- Uve of every construction of watch now made, with their prices. Watches sent to parts of the kingdom free by post, or to India and the Colonies for Lon and 34, Ludgate-hi 55 ndon, E.C. Es tablished 1749. . extra. 1 11, Lo )Y AL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT ' GARDEN —under the 'Aranag•ement of Miss LOUISA PYNE and Mr. W. lIARRISON—wiII open for the Filth Season on MONDAY, October Ist. T HEATR 1. 1 .1 -R 0Y A HAYMARKET. Lemee, Mr. J. B. Baekstone. THIS EvENrNG the performances will aommenae with TILE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. William Farren, Buckstone, Compton, Chippendale, Rogers, Miss Florence BaydoU. Miss Weekes, and &Ire. Wilkins. After which, the new farce, entitled FITZSMYTHE OF FITZSMYTHE HALL. Messrs. Buckstone, W. Farren, and Rogers ; Mrs. Wilkins and Miss Henrade. To conclude with FISH OUT OF WATER. Mr. Compton. Commence at 7. ADRLPHT, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Beni. Webster. Great Success of the new Drama, by Dion Bourcicault, Esq. " The Colleen Bawn."—Miss Agnes Robert•on every even ing-. THIS EVENING, THE LOAN OF A LOVER. Messrs W. Smith, Billington, Romer, C. J. Smith, and Miss Emily Thorne. After which, THE COLLEEN BAWN. D. Bourcicault, . Fisher, Billington, Falconer, S tephenson. C. J. Smith, Eomcr, Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. To conclude with MUSIC HAT II CHARMS. Fisher. Doors open at hall-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5. No charge for bookini.Lxes:zi. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Orchestra Stalls, 58. • Balcony. 4sF.a;nlltirYont Circle Stalls Ss Pit Sta ll s, 25.; Pit, 'ls. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, ls ; 6 a: ?dr. Wm. Smith: Acting Manager— • Mr. D av id A suaEr s ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-- rx. Propr i e t o r and Manager, Mr. WM. BATTY. - - Last Nights of "M4zeppa." This Evening, Lord Byron's splendid Flippo-drama of MAZE PPA AND THE WILD HORSE, with entirely new and beautiful scenery, costly costumes, and appointments, introducing- the largest stud of highly-trained horses, Po nies, Buffaloes, and Camels in the World. To be followed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders of the day. Doors open at half-Fast 6, performance commence at 7. Box-office open daily from 11 till 4. Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST. Director of the Arena--M. Felix Rsvolti. CAN''ERB CR Y HALL CONCERTS.- EVERY EVENING, A Grand Selection from MARTHA, And Selections from DINORAH, TROVATORE, MACBETH, And numerous other Entertainments. Balcony, Is, Hall. 6d. Comic Vocalists—Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), and C. Marshall'. The ETHIOPIANS, consisting of 17 performers (organised expressly for this Establishment), for the performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with Segro delineations, anecdotes, &c., in addition to the usual entertainments. The Fine Arts Gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.—Strx OFFICE, SEPT. 20, 1560. T uzßiviomETzu, IN THE SHADE. GO—this day at noon. 49—lowest this morning and during the night. 62—highest since noon yesterday. BAROMETER-29.88 ; rising rapidly. WlND—South-Westerly ; light, with fine sunshiny weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 4h. 57m.—Afternoon, sh. 19m To-mouitow.-Morning, sh. 41m.—Afternoon, 6h. 4m kstt •Z",' • 1.1 !!. - 4 4 . bfkir l `»I; 01'l_ ~i. t (11 THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 20, 1860, We are sorry to find that we were not mistaken in our conjectures yesterday. LAMORICIERE is not only determined to fight, but it would seem he even took the initiative. Unless the official reports of the battle are exaggerated, he must have had more mercenaries than was supposed with him ; since we read of his attacking General CIALDINI in the posi tion taken by the latter, near Castelfidardo with 11,000 ; while a column of 4,000 men made a sortie from Ancona and took part in the conflict. More exact accounts will, of course, soon reach us, but the chief features of which, we trust, for humanity's sake will prove a decisive battle, appear to be clear. LAMORICIERE was in the field, it would seem, not intending, at present at least, to attempt a junction with the Royal Refugee from Naples, but to cover Ancona, or to rest upon it. He was supposed to have taken a strong position, and to have intended waiting the attack of the Piedmontese ; but evi dently he was either unable, from some cause, to remain there, or, what is more likely, thought him self strong enough to drive his opponents back. Probably the numbers he attacked at Castelfidardo were not much, if at all, superior to his own; if so he had a severe lesson on the difference between men fighting for pay merely, and soldiers more enthusiastic for their native country than concerned about wages. It need not be doubted that LAMORICIERE is all that a French Algerine general ought to be; and that he had made the best possible use of all the raggamuffins and cut-throats, whom Papal wages and the prospects of Perugian scenes had attracted from the kennels of Catholicism all over Europe but even he could not make such men into a band of invincibies in a few weeks or months, as he has now found to his cost. They would seem, indeed, to have fought fiercely for a short time, just while there was some chance of success from a sudden onset; but steady courage requires better motives than could be found in the hearts of such a worthless set, and they must have turned to flight in utter confusion. The official despatch from the seat of war tells us of six hundred prisoners, of six pieces of artillery, and of a flag being taken. The wounded, including a wounded General, are in the hands of the Sardinians, which proves the haste in which the mercenaries fled, and how completely they had left the field to the victors. Of course, under such circumstances, we may easily believe that " the losses of the enemy are considerable." One result of the battle is said to be, that the " junction of General LAMORICIERE'S corps with the remainder of his troops at Ancona is pre vented." From this we gather that the Piedmon tese are in sufficient force to besiege Ancona, while holding LAMORICIERE in check, and probably more than this to attack him in turn. The siege of Ancona is certainly commenced. A French vessel, wl , ish had left the place on Tuesday for Trieste, brought the news of its investment on the land side, and the official telegram from Jesi, to which we have already referred, states that the fleet had opened fire on the place. We may daily expect, therefore, important tidings from thence ; of its speedy fall, we hope. There is evidently a fine spirit pervading the whole Sardinian army, both men and officers. Everything falls before them. Theyfight, fight, to be sur e , under the best in sp;ration—through love for their own cause—for their Italian fatherland—and bitter hatred of the the motley bands of foreigners who have been hired to enslave it. But it is also evident that the Pied montcse arc now acquiring; through two wars, besides their share in the Crimean contest, some of that practice in fighting which teaches soldiers to rely on themselves and their generals. If all goes on successfully, when the volunteers of "ARIR\L I'', and the better part of the Nea politan ar my, and the Sardinian troops, are brought into one body, they will constitute a force with which even Austria will not again pre cipitately prfNoke a Conflict. For some time to come united Italy ought to ha ve strong army and a good fleet. Its cost will be well spent money. It will enable her to consolidate her liberties, and settle her form of government, without the neces sity of listening to transalpine counsels and orders. It will also have the advantage of becoming a bond of national union. Together with these gratifying particulars of the military success of the Piedmentese movement into the States:of the Church, we receive also the particulars of the much less important pa per war between Count CA yowl. and Cardinal ANTONELLI. The Countis of course the aggressor. He describes in language truthful enough the character of the POPE'S mercenaries, and adverts to the effect of the " recollection of the massacre and pillage of Perugia" on the minds of the in habitants, and the insult which the very presence of foreign troops is to the inhabitants; and, h av i ng remar ked on the intimate connection of the KING'S dominions with Umbria and the Marches,without furher ceremo, adds that "King VICTOR EMMANUEL'ts conscience does not permit him to remain a passive spectator of the bloody repression with which the arms of the foreign mercenaries would extinguish every manifesta tion of national feeling in Italian blood. No Government has the right of abandoning to the will and pleasure of a horde of soldiers of fortune the property, the honour, and lives of the inhabitants of a civilised country." The practical determina tion of the KING is conveyed in the following pretty plain terms :—" The KING'S troops are charged to prevent, in the name of the rights of humanity, the Pontifical mercenary corps from re pressing by violence the expression of the senti ments of the people of the Marches and Um bria. I have, moreover, the honour to in vite your Excellency, for the reasons above ex plained, to give immediate orders for the disbanding and dissolving of those corps, the existence of which is a menace to the peace of Italy." No CARDINAL could be wanting in the skill to an swer a layman ; especially, when the latter has little to say which the diplomatic usages of Courts would justify, and must rely on the principles of justice and humanity merely. The CARDINAL could write with truth of his opponents " new prin ciples of public law," and:appeal to the practice of other Governments for the employment of foreign troops. Cardinals, however, can be too ingenious sometimes. Thus the astute ANTONELLI says— "ln fact, many Governments of Europe have foreign troops in their pay. On that subject it may be expedient to observe that, owing to the character with which the Sovereign PONTIFF is invested as the common father of all believers, he ought to be less subject to criticism than any other for receiving in the ranks of his troops all who come and offer themselves from the various parts of the Catholic world, for the defence of the Holy See, and of the States of the Church." Now it is obvious to reply—these wretches, whom you call troops, offering themselves for the " defence" of the Holy See, are not hired to defend it in the usual sense of the word. No foreign force menaces the Holy See ; on the contrary, one defends it— these mercenaries are hired solely to enable a number of ecclesiastics to oppress their fellow citizens, and to keep down all civil freedom by the terrors of massacre, pillage, and vio lation of women. We do not know whether it be any symptom of shame before the execrations of all Europe, that the brutalities of :the Perugian massacre, all planned by AN TONELLI himself—are thrown upon those who prompted the liberal movement they were in tended to repress. We can only say that this jus tification places ANTONELLI in a blacker light than ever. What a fiend, in the garb of a Minister of Christ too, must a man be, who could call what was done at Perugia the " legitimate action of the troops of the lioly See." If indeed it be sn, then assuredly the sooner such a Holy See be swept into eternal perdition the better. If such deeds be Holiness, Europe may well ask what then is Devilry Y? The world may well be thankful that VICTOR EMMANUEL has brushed away formalities, and commenced a course of practical instruction to the _Holy See, on the Christian duties of humanity and mercy. Since the above was written we have received further news all in the right direction. The Army ! —say rather the combined Ruffians of Lormu- CIERE, are dissolved, and, like the baseless fabric of a vision, leave only a wreck behind. The General has only been able to escape into Ancona, there to save his life, with but a few followers, by the fleetness of their horses, and by a stolen path ! What a contrast between the yesterday and to day Thus may the Impious perish ! Ancona cannot long be a place of rest or even refuge to the forlorn outcasts—it is besieged, and must soon surrender. We refer to Mr. REUTER'S Telegrams for the very latest news. A ludicrous incident has but very recently served to illustrate afresh at Constantinople, the extraor dinary anomaly characterising the position occu pied by Turkey among the European Governments. The Sultan-Caliph ABD-UL-MEDJID is' suddenly seized with a panic, lest England should have re solved upon his assassination and dethronement through the agency of her Ambassador ! His Ex cellency, Sir HENRY LYTTON BULWER, is proceed ing one fine evening over the glowing waters of the Golden Horn, in his cailue, on his way to Therapia. Somewhere off Dolma Bakschi his rowers bring him abreast of a steam yacht, immediately (but, as it happened, erroneously) presumed by Sir HENRY to be that of his Highness IL HAMI PACIIA, with whom his Excellency, our Am bassador, had previously arranged to make a brief excursion together a few days afterwards in the Sea of Marmora. As accident would have it, however, the steam yacht in question chances to be that of his Highness Aziz EFFENDI, the brother of th e SULTAN, ABD-UL-MEDJID. So that when his Ex cellency, Sir H. L. BULWER—acting altogether under a misapprehension as to the ownership of the vessel he is approaching—draws near to the yacht anchored off Dolma Bakschi, and (finding, in an swer to his inquiries, that her captain is not on board) promises to return next morning on his way back from Therapia—intelligence of this mysteri ous incident is forthwith conveyed to his Majesty? the SULTAN-CALIPH, and conjectures are at once afloat as to its sinister significance! As a matter of course the British ambassador — directly his Excellency has learnt the odious and alarming construction put upon his purely acciden tal movement, in thus hailing the steam yacht of Azrz EFFENDI, mistaking it for the steam yacht of IL HAUL PACIIA —as a matter of course, we sa y, Sir HENRY LYTTON BULWER at once disabuses the agitated mind of the SULTAN from any further misapprehension of an occurrence so wholly and purely fortuitous. The explanation is simple enough --the rig of the two vessels bore, the one to the other, we are told, a singular close resemblance. Hence the blunder of the ambassador. Hence the misconstruction put upon that blunder—in itself, of course, to us, Western Europeans, sufficiently trivial to be allowed to pass by without a moment's observation —but viewed through the' jealous eyes of orientals fraught with the portents of a half-covert malignity. " How [BE SUN, LONDON, _THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 20, 1860 ...--.....---....----- ever," writes a_correspondent of the Levant Herald,' of the sth inst., " his M a j est y [the SULTAN] of course accepted the Ambassador's explanation, and we have reason to believe has since expressed to his Excellency, through HAM BEY and his Highness . AALI PACIIA, his regret that he should have been even momentarily misled into a conception of the f ac t." Certainly a cool way enough of tendering verbal compensation for an outrage of the grossest kind imaginable wantonly offered to Sir HENRY BULWER in his public and private capacity—viz., as a high-minded English gentleman and as one of her Britannic MAJESTY'S Ambassadors. " Regret" is expressed for the " misconception." But what was that misconception ? Either it meant nothing, or it meant distinctly this—that the British Ambassador was making advances to the. SULTANS brother, his Highness AZT% EFFENDI, with a view to conspire the death by violence of the reigning SULTAN, or the advancement of the said Aziz EFFENDI to the vacant couch of the Divan. Either it meant this, or something exceed ingly like this, or it meant nothing. Unless that was the construction put upon the incident of his Excellency's chance visit to the steam-yacht of Aziz EFFENDI, what possible importance could attach to an occurrence so utterly insignificant ? Nay, unless that, and nothing less than that, was the presumed bearing of the incident, why these proffered " regrets" of the SULTAN, through HAM BEY and AALI PACHA—regrets that his Majesty should have been even momentarily misled into a misconception ? A nice misconception truly ! It is first of all taken for granted a man hitherto known only as a friend is capab:e of conspiring at assassination, and then—upon the monstrocity of this supposition be proved to actual demonstration —quietly proffering a word of " regret" that suf ficient discernment had not been shown in the dis crimination of character. Such, moreover, is the return made to England through the sacred charac ter of her ambassador for all the blood, the gold, the lives squandered magnanimously by her upon the shores of the Euxine, only six short years ago, in vindication of the integrity, in maintenance of the independence in defence of the capital of the SUL TAN'S Sovereignty. It is a fitting sequel to the well remembered mission of MENSCHIKOFF to Con stantinople. Transpiring as it does upon the very morrow of the Syrian massacres, it illustrates anew, in a very vivid and timely manner, the now incontestable truth that Turkey survives only as a most flagrant and glaring anomaly in Christen dom. Although the subway under the new approach to Covent-garden cannot of course be followed out as the rule to be adopted henceforth throughout the whole of subterranean London, we do earnestly hope that it may be copied as closely as possible as the Rule or System upon every reasonable opportu nity. We would insist upon its being adopted syste matically as a plan to be in this manner assiduously developed and multiplied, because (seriously and advisedly we say it) we deem any such extension of a network of subways under the metropolis in the first place certain to prove eminently practi cable, and in the second place no less certain to prove pre-eminently convenient. To appreciate this fully upon the instant it is only necessary to bear in mind what it is that is actually being accomplished in this way in connection with new Covent-garden approach—to remember that there, under that new thoroughfare, the contractors are about to construct an arched subway twelve feet wide and seven feet six inches in height--having to the right and to the left arched side passages for the conveyance of house service pipes, as well as a due amount of cellarage upon either side of the thoroughfare. Conveyed along the principal or central channel of this ample arched-subway, will be trailed the gas main, the water main, the hermeti cally sealed pipe or conduit for the conveyance of the sewage, and side by side with these the magic coil of the electric telegraph conductors. Supposing every thoroughfare in London to be provided with a similar subway to the one now in course of con struction beneath the level of the new Covent- Garden approach, there would be an end for ever to the expense and inconvenience, the toil and the interruption to traffic now periodically attendant upon the breaking up of our roads and pavements, as is our one clumsy, and costly, and laborious, and intolerably vexatious method of repairing maids, pipes, sewers, and other subterranean channels for the drainage, lighting, or irrigation of London and Westminster. At any rate, towards the realisation of most of those advantages, an admirable oppor tunity is now being opened up for us, in connec tion, that is to say, with the delay of the low level sewers in the new main drainage scheme, until such time as those low level sewers can be con structed simultaneously with the double line of our Thames embankments. The Duke of Bedford will leave town at the end of the week fur Woburn Abbey, his grace's seat in Bedford shire, fur the winter. The Duke and Duchess of Grafton are enter taining a select circle of friends, at Euston Hall, near Thetford. The Marquis of Donegall and Lord and Lady Harriet Ashley, have arrived in Grosvenor-square, from Paris. The mortal remains of the lamented marchioness were brought from Paris, last night, and will be conveyed to Belfast for interment in the family vault of the noble house of Donegall in that city. Earl Granville, the Lord President of the Coun cil, is expected to return about the end of the ensuing month from Madrid. The noble earl will make a short stay in Paris on his way home. The Earl of Sandwich returned to Hinchinbrooke yesterday, from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Man chester at Kimbolton Castle, St. Neot's. THE RUMOURD ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE THE EMPEROR OF THE FRENCU.—A private telegram from Paris yesterday says certain foreign journals have an nounced that, at Toulon, a criminal attempt has been made upon the life of the Emperor of the French. Tho state ment is entirely destitute of foundation. PROGRESS OF THE METROPOLITAN RAILWAY WORKS.—The work of tunnelling the New-road at King's cross is progressing rapidly, notwithstanding the impedi ments arising from the intersection of sewers, gas, and water pipes, and the stiff character of the clay to ba exca vated. It is, however, at Battle-bridge that the progress of the works is at present most perceptible. The entire wedge of buildings lying between Gray's Inn-road, Battle bridge, and Bagnigge-wells-road has been removed, and the ground on which it stood is being cleared for the erection of a station and the construction of the line of railway, which will at that point enter the valley of the Fleet, along which it will run to • its terminus in Farringdon- street. In the tunnel itself a very large portion of the brickwork and other masonry is complete, and the public may soon begin to look forward to the opening of the route from Paddington totho city. battalion." B E E N E c. B -o K n E T E u P e E s il da S y, R E s I O ACT.—On T S AaNtptheTlTMancENheEs NEW NINE L fcter Police court, Mr. Perkins, beerhouse keeper, York-street, Cheet ham, was summoned for illegal trading. Mr. Austin, the assistant town-clerk, said he appeared in suppoit of the in formation at the request of the police. The defendant was a beerhouse keeper, and the information was for keeping his house open after eleven o'clock at night. Evidence would be adduced in proof of the charge, but notice had been given to the police that the defendant would rely upon a now legal ground of defence, arising out of the Refresh ment and Wine Licences Act. The defendant had a wine licence, and he seemed to think he had a right to keep open his house at all hours ; but, by a reference to the 6th sec • tion of the act, it would be seen that beerhouses were really altogether excluded from its operations. " All houses, rooms, shops, &c., kept open for public refreshment, resort, and entertainment, at any time between the hours of nine o'clock at night and live o'clock on the following morning, not being licensed for the sale of beer, cider, wine, or spirits respectively, shall be deemed refreshment houses within this act," &c.—A. police-constable was called, who stated that about midnight, on the 12th inst., he was in the defen dant's house, where a number of men were smoking, and drinking coffee and ginger beer. Some empty glasses were on the table, but he saw no beer served.—Mr. R. Cobbett, who appeared for the defendant, submitted that there was no case. It had lately been decided at the Court of Queen's Bench that it was necessary, in all such cases, not only to prove that the house was open, but that it was open for the sale of beer. In the present instance the officer, when called to prove the offence, proved that no beer had been sold. — The magistrates dismimed the curie 011 the grMtd of ill nificient evidence. LATEST NEWS: THE SEIGE OF ANCONA. CAPITULATION OF THE PONTICAL TROOPS. We ( Tinzes) have received the following telegram from Turin : "TURIN, THURSDAY, SEPT. 20, 7.45 A.M. " After the battle of the 18th inst. the greater portion of the Pontifical army capitulated. " The foreign troops will return to their respec countries. " General Lamoriciere, with a few horsemen, has succeeded in reaching Ancona by passing through the defiles of Monte Canaro. " Outside Ancona there is not a single Pontifical The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : TURIN, SEPT. 20. After the battle of the 18th the greater part of the Pontifical army capitulated. The foreign troops will return to their own country. General Lamoriciere, with a few horsemen, has succeeded in reaching Ancona by passing through the defiles of Cobro. Outside Ancona there re mains not a single battalion of pontifical troops. General Pimodan DIED last night. GENOA, THURSDAY. Advices received here from Turin assert that a letter has been addressed by Garibaldi to the King demanding the immediate dismissal of Ca your and Farini. Garibaldi also demands 30,000 Sardinian sol diers to garrison Naples. Garibaldi's letter is couched in respectful but energetic terms. The above conditions are specified by Garibaldi as the sine qua non of a good understanding be tween him and Piedmont. The King immediately despatched a brief reply, but the contents of the letter are not known. The Ministry will communicate to Parliament the demands of Garibaldi, and will request its approval of their conduct. Should their approval be withheld, the Cabinet will tender its resig nation. Great agitation prevails at Turin. TURIN, SEPT. 19. The head-quarters of our army in the Marches are at Tolentino. General .Masi's column continues operations to wards Viterbo. The inhabitants of Terai have risen in insur rection, and a provisional government has been constituted. TURIN, SEPT. 19 (EVENING.) The following official despatch has been pub. Lishe a : JESI, SEPT. 18 General Lamoriciere, with 11,000 men, attacked to-day the position lttely taken by General Cial dini, near Castelfiardo. The fight, which was short but desperate, gives the following results :—The junction of General Lamoriciere's corps with the remainder of his troops at Ancona is prevented; 600 prisoners have been made; six pieces of artil lery and a flag were taken. The enemy's wounded, among whom is General Pimodan, fell into the hands of General Cialdini. The losses of the enemy are considerable. A column of 4,000 men, who made a sortie from Ancona, and took part in the fight, was compelled to retire. It is being pursued by the royal troops. Our . fleet has opened fire against Ancona. TRIESTE, SEPT. 19. The French steamer Seine et Rhone, which left Ancona yesterday, and arrived here to-day, brings news that the attack on Ancona had commenced on the land side. Ten Sardinian and Neapolitan vessels had arrived off the town, and an attack from the sea was ex- pected. PARIS, SEPT. 19. The Patrie says : " We are authorised to state that the proclama tion of Garibaldi announcing that he will proclaim Victor Emmanuel King of Italy from the top of the Quirinal has really been issued." The same paper says :-- "General Lamoriciere occupies an important strategical position between Macerata and Ancona, very favourable for the battle which is expected shortly." VIENNA, SEPT. 19. The Vienna journals announce the death of Prince Milosch. CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 12. (via Marseilles.) According to advices from Beyrout, Fuad Pasha, after having consulted with General Beaufort ti'llautpoul, had called together the chiefs of the Mutualis, and prohibited their giving any refuge to the Druses. It was said that military opera tions would commence afto the hot weather. It was asserted that Fuad Trisha had prevented the outbreak of an insurrection at Naples. ..,.....$..... BERLIN, SEPT. 19. The Prince Regent will arrive at Warsaw on the evening of the 13th of October. The Emperor Alexander, the Prince Regent, and the Emperor of Austria, will meet on the 14th of October. As regards the Ministers who are to accompany the Sovereigns, nothing has yet been decided. FRANCE AND ITALY. The Constitutionnel publishes the following ar- tide : " The Independence Beige repeats a singular re port which it is evident an attempt is made to cir culate. " That journal declares that the Island of Sardinia and of Elba, cas echeant, will indemnify France for the new increase with Piedmont would receive by the annexation of Naples and of Sicily. "To these persisting assertions we must again give a new and categorical denial. " And, first of all, the annexation of Naples and of Sicily is not an accomplished fact. Were that annexation completed to-day the Imperial Govern ment would not recognize it. Justice would bid a truce to all these pro jects of aggrandisement which are so wroely at tributed to us. " Once more, France neither desires nor asks anything. She does not aspite to make conquests, but to pacify." SARDINIA AND G ARIBALDI. A letter from Turin, Led 17th inst., says : "As I announced, the official Gazette of this evening publishes the Royal decree convoking Parliament for the 2d. October. _ " The session will be a very short one. It is even probable that it will not exceed ten days. The policy of the Government, as it is actually repre sented by the Cavour Ministry, will be submitt(d the to Chambers in juxtaposition to the policy of -Garibaldi and his partisans, and the representa tives of the nation will be called upon to make a choice between the two. - Should an imposing majority declare itself in faimur of the policy of the present Cabinet, Count Cavaur will naturally remain at the head of affairs, and I believe I am well informed when I say that the intention of the Count is to act with unflinch ing every in the accomplishment of the new duties which a vote of confidence of the Parliament will entail upon him. " I case a doubtful or hesitating majority should support Count Cavour's policy, he will immedately resign his office toM. Ratazzi, who, perhaps, might obtain some concessions from Garibaldi, which, under all circumstances, are quite indispensable to prevent the Italian movement entering a fatal path. "At the present moment not the slightest concession can be expected from Garibaldii M. Depretis has completely failed in his mission. He has been to Naples, namely, to induce Garibaldi to annex Sicily at once to Sardinia. The Dictator will not hear of annexation until the day when what he calls his programme shall have been carried out, which is nothing else than the promise to make Rome the capital of the Italian empire, and to con quer Venice. " Should he even consent to make some modifica tions in his plans, it would never be—it is Garibaldi himself who has just written it to the King in a letter brought to his Majesty by one of the Gene. ral's aides-de-camp—except on the condition that MM. Cavour and Farini should leave the Ministry. " This is the actual state of affairs. Form your own judgment as to how replete it is with danger. Another letter, also dated the 17th inst., says : " Garibaldi continues to organise his Govern ment in the sense of his own policy. I have already alluded to MM. Pallavicini, Trivulzio, and Bertani. M. Cattaneo decidedly goes to Naples as Secretary-General of the Dictatorship. His accept ance is the more remarkable as he declined sitting in th e e Parliament of which he is a member, so as not to take the oath to the King. M. Cattaneo is the advocate of a federal republic. It is curious enough to see him called for by the party which was the first to hoist absolute unity as its motto. " The claims of M. Cattaneo to Garibaldi's favour are a violent pamphlet against the cession of Nice, and a pronounced antipathy against Count Cavour. " It is reported that the Annexationist Ministers of Naples will resign. M. Scialoja, and even M. Liborio Romano, are mentioned as likely to do so. It is curious that the principal members of the Government of Naples are Lombards. Lombardy is the province which has provided the greatest number of volunteers to Garibaldi; It is there that the element most hostile to Count Cavour is strongest. "Now that the kingdom of Naples has been con quered from Francis IL, it will be necessary to conquer it again from Garibaldi; but I fancy the political skill of Count Cavour will arrange every- thing. "The Dictator still asks for more volunteers, which proves his firm intention of continuing the war. His agents are not stopped, but difficulties are thrown in their way." FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY. The Emperor and Empress arrived at Algiers on the 17th, at half-pasteightin the morning, although their passage was retarded by heavy weather. The Minister of Algeria and General de Martimprey, Commander-in-Chief of the land and naval forces of the colony, went on board the Aigle to take the orders of the Emperor, and at nine o'clock their Majesties landed under a salute from the forts and vessels of war in the roadstead, and proceeded to the Cathedral, passing as they went several squadrons of Spahis as well as all the Aghas and Caids at the head of their Goums. At noon the Bey of Tunis, who came to congratulate the Em peror on his arrival, entered the roadstead on board the Foudre steam frigate, and on landing was re ceived with all the honours due to his rank. His Highness soon after had an interview of the Em peror and Empress: One of the brothers of the Emperor of Morocco was expected during the day. BOURSE, Sept. 19.—An upward movement, generally attributed to a report of General Cialdiui having been defeated by General de Lamoriciere, has taken place. Threes, which opened dull at 67f 95e, went up steadily, and are now at 68f 10e ; Mobilier, 682 f 50e ; Orleans, 1,381 f 25c ; Mediter ranean, 890 f; Austrian and Lombard, 470 f. The English funds having arrived with a rise also tended to give animation. to this market. The following are the last quotations : 41 per per Cents 95 75 Credit Fonder 891 25 Do end month.... 95 65 Belgian 41 — 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 10 Roman Bank Shares . 2805 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 685 —; Spanish Threes.. , 47 50 Do. Account 633 75 , Rome Debt 3d,AILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern 958 75 .. 957 50 New ditto B7O .. -- Lyons and Mediterranean 891 25 .. 891 25 Geneva 317 50 .. Southern Western Eastern Sardinian 385 .. 380 Austrian Lombard , ITALY. The Nationalites of Turin states that the follow ing proclamation is in circulation in Venetia : "It is time, 0 fellow-citizens, to finish for ever with our masters from Vienna. Venice belongs to Italy, and cannot be the slave of Austria. People of Venice, prepare to be free! Prepare to receive in a becoming manner the hero who has cast down the throne of the most stupid and most cruel tyrant of Italy ; in a short time the heroic Garibaldi, the loyal precursor of the magnanimous Victor Em manuel, will be among us with his terrible soldiers who will come both by land and sea. Let us drive away all frivolous thoughts, and shun all rejoicings. Whoever goes to the theatre is not an Italian; whoever takes pleasure in Austrian music, sits at table or in a cafe with an Austrian soldier; who ever does not think and labour for Italy, is not an Italian, but a traitor to the country ! You who are rich abandon your apathy, put aside your avarice, drive fear from your hearts, and aid your country with all your power. Whoever is not a good patriot and a courageous Italian, not be hon oured on the day of deliverance, but be branded by all. Courage, then, 0 citizens ! for the day of our redemption is approaching ! Our rulers tremble with terror, and their mercenary hands hold with difficulty the arms of the oppressor of ten nations. Let us offer an alliance to our Hungarian, Sclavo nian, and Roumain brethren ; let us prepare arms againit the Austrians. When no musket is to be had, a pole with an iron spike is like a bayonet, and Italian bayonets are invincible. Whoever serves the foreigner against his native country shall ob tain no pity from us, either now or in the future. Courage, citizens! Let us all unite in the firm design of driving away for ever these accursed foreigners, who thirst for blood and gold, and are enemies of justice and of God. Venetians ! Remem ber Victor Pisani, the renowned saviour of Venice ! Remember Daniel Manin, the firm defender of this beautiful Queen of the Adriatic ! Manin now sum mons all Italians to concord, to liberty, to unity, and to independence, in the name of Victor Emmanuel! At the hour of resurrection, which is now near, we will all, on hearing this name, rise like a single man, and victory shall be ours." The Opinionc of Turin announces that M. Carlo Cattaneo has accepted the office of Envoy to the British Government from the Dictator of the Two Sicilies. A letter from Naples, of the 12th, says : " Strangers are flocking into this city from all parts, and the hotels which had been empty for six months are now so crowded that they have not a chamber vacant. In business there is already a marked improvement. Several representatives of French firms state that they have received mme commissions in the last two days than in the six months preceding. Envoys from Bele v have comeento and to Pont e -C or vo, possessions of the Po p e, Naples to solicit the Dictator to send them troops Ito resist an invasion of the Papal forces, which:tip pears to them imminent. It is reported to-day Medici's division, which was to have come to Naples, has received orders to go to Ponte-Corvo and Benevento." It is stated in a letter from Vienna that the de departure of the Emperor for Warsaw will probably take place on the 10th of next month, and that his Majesty will reach that city by the 14th. The letter adds that the King of Bavaria is to arrive at Vienna on the Bth, to accompany the Emperor in his journey. Another letter from the same city, in the Cologne Gazette, says :—" The Emperor of the French is stated to have told Prince de Metternich, before the latter left Paris, that the best thing Austria can do is to resign herself to the idea of selling Venetia. The expectation is consequently entertained that propositions to that effect will soon be made here. The Government, however, is more than ever resolved to defend Venetia; in fact, no one in official circles thinks of a spontaneous cession, however large might be the sums offered." THE MEDITERRANEAN. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's screw steamer Pera, Captain T. Jamieson, arrived at Southampton yesterday, at 1 a.m., with the heavy portion of the Calcutta, China, and Australian mails. She left Alexandria on the sth inst., Malta on the 9th, and Gibraltar on the 13th. Between Alexandria and Malta the Pera experienced strong north-westerly breezes ; thence to Gibraltar light breezes and calms ; very strong northerly winds along the coast of Portugal, and fine weather across the Bay and up Channel. On the 11th she exchanged signals with the Peninsular and Oriental steamer Ceylon, bound for Malta ; and on the 18th with the Royal mail steam- ship Seine, with the outward West India mails. The Pera brought 126 passengers (viz., 57 first class, 10 children, 32 second-class, and 27 deck), among whom were Colonel Horsford, Major Condy, Captain and Mrs. Alexander, Captain Brown, Cap tain J. Brown, Captain Lowe, Commander Balfour, R.N., Commander Buckle, RN., Commander Nares, R.N., the Hon. Spring Rice, Lieutenants Gray, Frankland, Lazard, Dobree, and Benthall. On freight she had five packages of specie (value not stated), 2,650 bales of silk, 110 bags of coffee, and 193 packages of general merchandise. At Alexandria were her Majesty's ship Liffey, the French man•of-war brig Sentinelle, and transports Ulloa, Eldorado, and Mayonne. The Ulloa had still on board 700 French soldiers, awaiting the arrival of a French steamer at Suez to convey them to China. Her Majesty's ships Caesar, James Watt, Cara doc, Orion, and St. Jean d'Acre, were cruising off Malta on the 9th inst. Her Majesty's ships Scourge, Quail, and Red pole, were lying at Gibraltar. The steamer 11arocain, from the Barbary ports, arrived at Gibraltar on the 6th, on her way to Alicante and Marseilles. There was no political news of interest. It was reported at Mogadore that treasure was lying there which was supposed to be destined for the payment of the war indem nity to Spain. It was known at Mazagan that the Emperor had prolonged the term for the exporta tion of grain. Trade was in consequence carried on with great activity, as there remained full 40 days to continue commercial transactions. From Tangier advices to the evening of the 20th inst. had been received at Gibraltar. The Spanish war steamers Vasco Nunez de Balboa and Buena ventura were lying in port. The former was taking on board a number of empty boxes, as there was no treasure, and was to leave for Mogadore on the 11th. M. Echenique's staff of employes were on board to count and pack the money which the Commissioner was to receive in the latter city. Prince Muley El Abbas and escort, with some of his troops, continued in Tangier. The Embassy despatched by the Emperor to the Court of Madrid was expected to return shortly from Morocco. The Gibraltar Chronicle. in reporting the recep tion by the Queen of Spain of the Moorish Ambas sadors (as already announced in the communications received from Madrid), gives the following trans lation ofi the address to her Majesty, which was delivered in Arabic by Sid. Escharfi, one of the Ambassadors, and, having been translated into Spanish, Tree road to the Queen. by M. Calderon Collantes, Minister for Foreign Affairs : "Praise to one God. His kingdom only is eternal. "We render you all due homage magnanimous, revered, illustrious, wise, and esteemed Sultana, who by your bene volence enslaves all hearts and who grants the supplications and desires of those who implore your mercy. " Our lord and master, the great and bountiful Sultan Sidi Mohammed, in ascending the Imperial throne of his pious ancestors, remembering the measures they adopted to secure affection and insure friendship, particularly his grandfather the bleesed Sidi Mohammed Ben-Abd Alla, who twice sent you an ambassador, and, following:their paths in the deeds performed by them in the confidence that all advantages consist in so doing, as he perceives that this will produce a reciprocal union betweea the two Govern ments as well as the affection and attachment between the two nations, has sent me to your Majesty, accompanied by my suite, with the object of renewing the relations between you, and secure to himself, as far as possible, your goodwill in every possible way, so that this may appear in the sight of our neighbours, as well as in that of more distant na tions, to be fixed on a firm basis. I have here in my hands the august writing which he has addressed to you, in which he brings to your knowledge that you occupy a wide and principal space in his heart, and that the affection of the father is inherited by the sons. "Since the day of our arrival in your kingdom we have been unceasingly entertained with liberal hospitality, and been treated with the greatest honours. " Being persuaded that this has been done with your ex press wishes, we return you thanks." Her Majesty answered : "Excellency,—l accept with the greatest pleasure that sentiment you have just expressed in the name of your Sovereign, and it is certainly extremely pleasing for me to know that he desires to re-establish the relations which, at no distant period, his ancestors took such pains to cultivate with some of my august predecessors. Tho path they opened being obliterated, friendship, scarcely formed, had been converted into aversion or coolness. " The two countries no longer recognized each other until Heaven desired that in one of those supreme moments in which, displaying their high qualities after fighting with each other, end in mutually esteeming one another. "Peace, then, displays a vast and magnificent horizon to the iralligence and activity of nations to elevate them selves to a high grade of prosperity and grandeur. "You come, then, at a favourable moment to lay the foundation of a firm and lasting friendship, which will give to the two nations such desired benefits. " You have been received in all places with the noble and cordial expansion with which Spain always responds to de monstrations of confidence and affection. "It would have been difficult for your Sovereign to have chosen a more worthy representative, a more faithful organ of his thoughts and wishes. "The mission you fulfil will leave permanent recollections among my people, and I flatter myself with the hope, that on leaving this country you will convey to your Sovereign, in the answer which I will give in writing and in the im• pressions on your minds, the assurance of our esteem, the confidence of our friendship and faith in our words." "The autograph letter from the Emperor of Morocco (says the Correspondencia) " which the Ambassadors pre sented to her Majesty, was enclosed, in a crimson velvet envelope em b ro id er ed with gold. After the reception at the Palace the Ambassadors went twice to the mansion of the Duke of Tetuan, first topay him an official visit, and next to converse familiarly with him and give him the pre sents sent by the Emperor, consisting of a beautiful table cloth, two cushions , and two pair of slippers, all embroi dered in gold, two haicks and two silk sashes. During the morning the carts conveying more than 30 millions of reels, drove towards the central gate of the Treasury. In the evening the Moorish Ambassadors had the opportunity of witnessing the splendour of the Court in presenting their credentials. The Court displayed a dazzling appearance; the value of the jewels her Majesty wore is incalculable, and her countenance beamed expressive of the pure happi ness she felt at see:ng her name and country respected by foreign nations." The steam transport Pelayo arrived at Cadiz on the 10th from Tetuan, with General Elio and 700 officers and non-commissioned officers of the batta lion of infantry of Africa. The Russian steam frigate Gromoboy, Captain Ponalidine, sailed on the 10th from Cadiz, ;on her way to Malta and Beyrout. The Royal Yacht Squadron schooner Zara, Earl of Wilton, put into Cadiz on the Bth, from Plymouth. The Spanish Government has ordered the buili7- ing of 10 screw steamers, of from 90 to 100-horse power each. Their hulls are to be constructed in the dockyards and the machinery in the foundries of the kingdom. These vessels are to be of light draught, for the purpose of more efficaciously navi gating shallow Waters, and destined to prevent the slave trade, as well as for the defence of th, island of Cuba. The steamship Crimean, from Liverpool, arrived at Gibraltar on the 13th, as the Pen was leaving. Since the last mail the following outward bound British merchant steamers had arrived at Gibraltar : Sept. 5, the Laconia, Capt. G. Haram, six days and a half from Liverpool, with a general cargo for Gib raltar, Malta, and Constantinople ; 6th, the William Cory, Capt. R. Donaldson, nine days from London with telegraph cable for Algiers ; 7th, the Araxes, Capt. T. Jenkins, five days and a half from Liver pool, with general cargo for Gibraltar, Malta, and Alexandria; same day, thQ Gottenburg, Captain J. Mullet, six days and a quarter from London, with Government stores and a general cargo ; Bth, the Tiber, Captain T. Barron, six days from Liverpool, with general cargo for Malta and Alex andria; same day, the Christina, Captai n W. Mansfield, six days from Liverpool, with gene ral cargo for Malta and Alexandria ; same day, the Ceylon, Capt. R. W. Evans, four days seven hours from Southampton, with mails, &c., for the E as t. The following sailing ships had arrived out at Gibraltar :—Alice schooner, H. Caithness, 18 days from Cardiff, with railway iron fGr Barcelona ; ship Hero, R. A. Young, 42 days from Cardiff and.two from Cadiz, with coals for Manilla. Also the fol- lowing, all laden with coals for•Gibraltar:—Zigzag schooner, J. Brooking, 12 days from Liverpool; Wild Duck schooner, J. Pearce, 16 days from Liverpool ; Queen of the Chase schooner, S. Davies, 18 days from Liverpool; Mary schooner, A. M. Cove,l4 days from Liverpool; Lady Mansell brigantine, T. C. Sarchet, 16 days from Liverpool; Marmion brig, D. Harris, 22 days from Llanelly. TILE PRUSSIAN CIRCULAR. The Cologne Gazette publishes the following cir cular addressed by the Prussian Government to its representative at the German Courts : " The attitude which the Prince Regent's Government has assumed with regard to certain important questions pending in the Federal Diet has, as you know, given rise to diverse appreciations. We have, however, not failed to expose, with kankness and without reticence, in each spe- cial case, the motives of our conduct. Nevertheless, the importance which we attach to having our position with regard to our German cofederates understood everywhere in its real signification, and properly explained by the re- presentatives of Prussia to the German Cabinets, causes me to call anew your attention to this subject, and to notice the general points of view by which we are guided in the manner of treating the questions referred to. " The Government of the Prince Regent, as I -have no need to assure you, considers the existence and maintenance of the Confederation as of the highest importance. It knows that in this matter all the cofederate governments are per fectly in accord with it. It also knows that the majority of its cofederates share its opinion that the organisation of the Confederation is capable of, and requires," amelioration. It finally shares with them the opinion that a reform of the federal organisation can only be undertaken by reli giously respecting the rights of all, and can have a chance of success only in circumstances favourable to the solution of such a difficult question. The Prince Regent's Govern ment cannot consider the present as a propitious moment; and it has consequently confined its efforts to obtaining an application of the existing organisation in a manner in accord with the veritable spirit and the real mission of the Confederation. " The German Confederation is an association accord- ing to international law, the essential object of which, in the eyes of the Prince Regent's Government, is to protect the security and the independence of Germany, and of each of its members in presence of foreign nations. Some of our cofederates, however, appear to turn their attention principally to the uniform development of internal political organisation, and especially to the constitutional institu tions of each cofederate State, according to a system which, if carried to its extreme consequencs, would lead to the establishment of a supreme federal authority interfering with the internal organisation of each State. " We abstain from examining more profoundly the ex tent of the jurisdiction which the fundamental laws of the Confederation assign in this respect to the Federal Diet. We also abstain from inquiring if, on certain previous cc casions, those laws have not received too wide an interpre tation. But we do not hesitate to declare that from firm conviction we adopt the principle that the action of the Federal Diet, as regards the internal organisation of States, and especially their constitutional institutions, ought to be reduced to the most restricted measure of its gene rally recognised jurisdiction. In fact, the confedera tion of a certain number of. States differing in extent, in character, and in power, and yet enjoying equal rights in that Confederation, cannot overcome the difficulties arising from such a situation, unless the tie which binds its members together touches as little as pos sible their internal indenendenco. Diu aatuo rognit is indicated by a consideration of a dif ferent kind. The Federal Diet is composed of repre sentatives of the German Governments. Does there not result from that fact alone, the necessity of avoiding even the appearance that the whole of the Governments could wish to subject to their jurisdiction, in order to decide in their peculiar point of view, differences concerning the re lations between the Governments and the Legislative Chambers ? " If, then, the Prince Regent's Government is animated with the desire to see the action of the Federal Diet, as re gards the internal organisation of States, and especially their constitutions reduced to the strictest limits, it is at the same time persuaded that to do so is not only the best way of preserving to the Confederation its real character, but that by resolutely entering on such a path, an end would be put to apprehensions which the Diet has particu lar interest in seeing removed. Penetrated with that con viction, and firmly resolved not to abandon its attitude, the royal Government hopes that such of its confederates as have hitherto entertained different views, will not refuse, after an impartial examination of the arguments which it presents, to adopt its opinion. " The Prince Regent's Government is certain in advance to obtain that adhesion when it proclaims its conviction that the first and the highest mission of the Confederation, and that which principally led to its establishment, was no thing more than to protect from all danger and all violence from abroad, the independence of each German State sopa. rately, and the absolute integrity of the national territory. " At no epoch has this mission been more imperative for the Germanic Confederation than in presence of the exist ing political situation. But the spirit which animates the nation facilitates the accomplishment of it. Since the foun dation of the Confederation, the idea of nationality has been stronger and stronger among the Germanic people, and the Governments will only anticipate their wishes by zealously joining in giving to the military forces of Germany the de• velopment and the organisation calculated to inspire in the nation, on the appearance of a foreign danger, a well founded hope of the success of the efforts which in that eventualty it would be called on to make. " Prussia has quite recently, in order to increase her power and her military forces, added new sacrifices to those which she had previously demanded from her populations. Relying on this eircum , tance, en the fact that, as demon strated by experience, the security of Germany depends chiefly on the efforts of Prussia, and on its loyal intentions and the purity of its object, the Government of the Prince Regent can confidently hope that its German confederates will not only respond, in the measure of their resources to the exigencies of the general political situation, but that in the Diet they will zealously support all the measures which the gravity of circumstances and the real character of the situation imperatively demand for the defence of the com mon country. You are authorised to speak, in accordance with the views I have indicated, whenever an opportunity may present itself.—Accept, etc., SCHLEINITS." TIIE HARDWARE TRADE AND THE NEW FRENCH TREATY.—Messrs. Wagner and Fletcher, the deputation appointed by the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce, to confer with the French an d E ng li s h C omm issi o ners in Fails, on the subject of the new tariff on British manufactures, have returned, the commission, so far as relates to the tariff on metal and hardware goods, having concluded its inquiries. The final adjustment of the duties is all that has now to be done, and, so far as we can learn, Messrs. Wagner and deputation Fletcher are p er f ec tly satisfied with the result. it is ex pected that in th e cours e of a few•da y s the report ofwill the commission, after receiving the sanc tion of the Emperor and the Q ueen , w ill b e publisher,and the afterwards formally notiiy to the Chamber of Commerce the reasons which have induced certain classifications of articles. Whilst referring to the subject we may me n tion that we have good authority fo r statin g that the paragraph aappearing Sheffieldin .1 :Monday's al cutlery, y s , T iismetso, r a e l gra extent ti e v a e tiiNpi A ._e rr rro a i n vn g ee e o m um e a n : t e s 1 This is ono of the great Birmingham Post. THE " MUTTON CLUB" IN that is, of all Northern India except Calcutta. The Mutton Club consists of those residents at a station who unite for the laudable purpose of social institutions ojo ili t he their ti l ible .d s . twice a week with joints of grain-fed hired ; issheep are bought; gram (a mutton. supplying A is . supplied lel to the - oMuttoni. the . INI ° C I I l u u s b s i . , sort of p en) and the animals in a long trough two or three times a day , . 1_ e club's butcher every week from the stock for slaughter as many sheep as may selects be required. The members receive in regular rotation a grter, a hind quarter, a saddle, & and always ar fore qu , , parties, if c., range their dinner if possible, for hind quarter or saddle day. At the end of each month the secretary (usu shop ally an active-minded lady) adds up the expenses, divides the sum by the number of members, and receives from each his share of the cost. When a new Mutton Club is started each member deposits a sum, commonly £5, and when he leaves the station his successor in office, or some other person, buys up the share at the price originally paid for it, provided the club be in a flourishing condition.—From London to Incknotv, by a Chaplain in the Indian Service. ,BRIGHTER THAN VENUS.—The Star, according to the Sun, is to be incorporated with the Dial. Accord ingly the Dial, instead of being a Sun-Dial, will become a Star-Dial. If it will enable anybody to tell the time of day, Bright's particular Star will be wonderfully lurainous. - - rifi?ch, 4] 4]