The Sun. — London, England, 1860-09-13 00:00:00

B.ENS 0 N' S wA'rC HE S. Perfection of mechanism." —Morning Post. Gold .. 5 to 100 guineas. Silver 2to 50 guineas. Send stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet, descr p tire of every construction of watch now made, with their prices. Watches sent to all parts of the kingdom free by post, or to India and the Colonies for ss. extra. 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London. E.C. Established 1719. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN —under the Management of Miss LOUISA PYNE and Mr. W. SO I October Ist. T I EATRFA-ROYAL, 11AYMARK T. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Rackstone. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. Charles Mathews, Blackstone, Compton, C hippendale, Rogers, Mrs. Charles Mathews, sfiss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins. If/After which, NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS. Miss Florence maydon (her first appearance) and Miss Mortimer. And A DAUGHTER TO MARRY. Commence at 7. i % DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. .1711. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. THIS EVENING, a new drama, by Dion Bourcicault, en titled THE COLLEEN BAWN. Messrs D. Bourcicault, D. Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer. Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. After which, SHE WOULD BE AN ACTRESS. Miss Agnes Robertson, Mr. W Smith, and Mr. P. Bedford. , To conclude with MUSIC HATH CHARMS. Mr. David' Fisher. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5. No charge for booking. Private boxes, £2 2s • F am ily Boxes, El. Orchestra Stalls, Ss. ; Balcony' '4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, 3s. ; Pit Stalls, 28. ; Pit, is. 6d. ; A mph ith e atre, is ; Gallery, 6d. Acting Manager —Mr. Wm. Smith. STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE._ Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Wm. Barllr. Crowded Houses.—Secon d W e ek of the celebrated Dela vanti Troupe, Mr. GeOrgC llutchingson, and the It'onder of the World, the Great Little Menoni. A Grand MID-DAY PERFORMANCE will take place on SATURDAY next, Sept 15, commencing at Two o'clock. This Even i,w, Lord Byron's splendid Hippo-drama of MAZEPPA AND THE WILD HORSE, with entirely new and beautiful scenery, costly costumes, and appointments, introducing, the largest stud of highly-trained Horses, Po nies, Buffaloes, and Camels in the World. To be fbllowed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders of the day, including the greatest Equestrienne in the world, M a dlle. de Berg, and the Wonder of Wonders, Little Menoni. Doors open at half-past 8, performance commence at 7. Box-office open daily from 11 till 4. Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST. Director of the Arena—M. Felix R volts. CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.- EVERT EVENING, A Grand Selection from MARTHA, And Selections from DINORAH, TROVATORE, MACBETH, And numerous other Entertainments. Balcony, ls , Hall. 6d. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), and C. Marshall. The ETHIOPIANS, consisting of 17 performers (organised ex•pressly for this Establishment), for the performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with 'iegro delineations, anecdotes, Jac,, in addition to the usual entertainments. The Fine Arts Gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. T ILK WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, SEPT. 13, 1560. THERMOMETER S IN THE SHADE. 62—this day at noon. 45—lowest this morning and during the night. 63 —highest since noon yesterday. BAROMETER-30.03; a sudden fall of nearly half an inch. WlND—South-Westerly; light, with very fine weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Mu DAY.—Morning, —h. —m.—Afternoon, 12h. 17m. To-moßßow.-Morning, 12h. 44m.—Afternoon, lb. Sm. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1860. qz, r Nk tt c k e : ( \ , i• • . t 11,0 ,o,wo THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 13, iseo. Well done, VICTOR EMMANUEL ! But a word and a blow, in response to the " cry of Italy's anguish." So it ought to be ; and let all the mysterious "Powers," whoever they be, France included, look to themselves. When a LA MORI CIERE can have the audacity, in the face of civilised Europe, to threaten Italian towns with a repetition of the POPE'S and ANTONELLI'S butcheries at Perugia, while execrations of the Papal deed have scarcely ceased, it was no time for the real "King of Italy" to stand by and witness the deed. VICTOR EMMANUEL would have been responsible for the blood shed by his HOLINESS ; or, what is precisely the same thing, by the ruffians he employs, if he had not thrown his shield over the helpless inhabitants. lie must be moving effectually, since we find him saving at the same time Pesaro, on the Adriatic, and Orvieto, between the two seas, from the German mercenaries of the Chief Shepherd of European Christendom. What a tale does it tell that the POPE'S flock should be folded thus by foreign dogs—German dogs—and dogs, indeed, they arc—wolves rather, perhaps. One of' the com manders, it is stated, is actually sent off to Turin to answer for having ordered the sack of a town guilty only of preferring civil government and liberty to ecclesiastical government and slavery. He ought to be hanged as a land pirate. Whether " the Powers " be pleased or not we care but little. Indeed, if they do not interfere, which they are not likely to do, the less they are pleased probably the better. Prussia and Russia, we are told by the same telegrams, made "strong representations," which are very harmless artillury. But what have Prwsia Russia to do with people south of the Alps ? VICTOR EMMANUEL may surely remind them, that they cannot even speak Italian, while the natives of Central Italy come and plead with him in their mother tongue for their common nationality. T ie may tell Prussia that she, by violence eh forces disjointed German States into one kingdom, and baptises the bunch of territories by the name of Prussia. But that he only takes the protection and government of adjacent naturally united Italian States, who come and beg him to reign over them. If ever a prince had a fair title to accept dominion, it is VICTOR Em MAN UEL in Italy. We must remem ber, too, that all the KING'S unconstrained acts have been worthy of his avowed ambition—the salvation of Italy. And it is a testimony of the most satis factory kind of all, that he has the confidence of GARIBALDI. That patriot would not trust him if did not know him. The gravitation of Russia towards the East presses heavily not only on the Turk but also upon the Chinese. It does so with the irresistible weight of an ;roil despotism acting through 60,000,000 of the human race. This superincumbent pressure, moreover, is all the more formidable, here to Turkey, there to China, for two reasons so obvious in themselves as hardly to require that they should be particularised. Firstly, because the force of it perp e tually on the increa se b y reason simply of its being. nev er interrupted. Secondly, b ecause i n either instance, in the instance of the Moslem, and in the instance of the Chinese, there is no innate whatever of resistance. T urkey, power or capability as we took occasion only so very recently to re mark in these columns, has long held its anomalous place amongst the Po wers of Europe simply by rca. Eon of the toleration superinduced in its regard by the emfileting jealousies of the rival States of Christen (l')m. China, again, has for centuries remained iiolated from the rest of the world SOLELY because of the apathy evinced in reference to that moiety of the human farnily-by the champions of Western, or, for that matter, of European civilisation. Who shall say what might not have been the condition now of China, what might not have been the relations at this moment between the Chinese and the Europeans, but particularly be tween the China° and the French and English, supposing the energies of France or of England, or of both united, to have been directed long since to the rupture of that cordon of habit or prejudice, or whatever else it may be called, which has hitherto throughout past ages insulated from the rest of the inhabitants of this planet the millions of the Chinese population ? Especially of late years—when the Western Powers have been endowed by success with all the marvellous appliances of modern civi lisation ! With magic instruments of war like the needle-gun, the rifled cannon, and the revolver, the liquid fire of NORTON, the long-range of ARM STRONG, and the longer range yet of WHITWORTH, of Manchester ! With still more magic imple ments of peace like the railway, the steamship, and the electric telegraph!! Before a valiant and enter prising race like thatof tthheeseAwnegloh-aSvaexobnese,narhmeerde with weapons such as enumerating, who shall say that the long-nailed, pig-tailed, flat-faced, petticoat-wearing Chinese could have maintained intact until now their im memorial system of insulation ? The supposition is altogether preposterous. It is certain, there fore, that the perpetuation hitherto of that egre gious system has been the result of its toleration by the chief Powers of Christendom, the leaders of modern European civilisation. It has been as much and as directly owing to this toleration, on the part of England and France especially, as the continu ance already notified of the incongruous rule of the Ottoman Porte among the European Sovereignties. While the two ruling Powers of the world, how ever, have been remaining fails comparatively apa thetic in regard to the Chinese, the insidious and grasping policy of Russia has been energetically, and resolutely, and uninterruptedly directed towards its development alike in Turkey and in China — towards its direct, and visible, and substantial de velopment—by means of successive efforts at terri torial aggrandisement. The stages of this develop ment with regard to Turkey we all know familiarly —they are traceable upon the map of Europe in sufficiently plain lines of demarcation. The latest attempt to precipitate the progress of absorp tion by Russia in this direction resulted, as one of the most recent and romantic of his , tories relates, in characters of blood and flame, in that sanguinary war enacted upon the shores of the Euxine, and chiefly upon the plain of Sebas topol. The course of the Muscovite advance along its geographical " slope " eastwards in the remoter regions of the Asiatic continent, though it has been less carefully watched by Western Europe, has hardly, in any respect, been less boldly marked, or (when inquired into now, retrospectively) less clearly discernible. What is about the latest in cident yet recorded in the fragmentary annals of its development ? Let Captain SHERARD OSBORNE answer this, in a very few words, coming directly to the point. He writes, in his brilliant little brochure, in three chapters, upon our Past and Future Relations with the Chinese (p. 74) that while we were amicably negotiating half way at the Peiho the Treaty of Tien-tsin—" As to the Russians, General MOURAVIEFF was pressing heavily with an at med heel on the northern fron tier of China, and in a quarter where the Pekinese Court was naturally most susceptible." This—re member, as already indicated above—" while the sailor envoy and ambassador, PUTIATIN, was making his treaty at Tien-tsin "—taking part, in the name of the CZAR, in the pacific negotiations going on between the representatives of the Chinese EMPE ROR and the European Ambassadors ! As the gal lant writer says yet more plainly—" By force, Russian Generals were tearing from China a huge morsel of Manchouria and Chinese Tartary ; whilst a Russian diplomatist appeared as a man of peace beside the threatening but still forbearing English man in the Peiho river." The incident 'nem referred to is, in every - particular, eminently characteristic, It exemplifies, in a striking manner, the sys tematic and unscrupulous course followed out by Russia in the development of her aggressive policy of absorption or territorial aggrandisement. It shows her in her political aspect carrying in one hand the sword, and in the other the olive branch —the latter torn with shot and besprinkled with blood, the symbol, not of peace or conciliation, but of a ruthless and treacherous hypocrisy. The re cognition of this, quite distinctlymay serve to throw a glare of light upon the significance of those omi nits and sinister words which have recently an nounced to Europe the tardy reconciliation of the Austrian and Russian Governments. While these words are 3 -et fresh in the popular recollection, let it be remembered how invariably Russia marks the stages in the advance of her daring and lawless policy by " material guarantees ;" let it be espe cially borne in mind how readily these same " ma terial guarantees" may be consummated by those who list upon the north of China and along the frontiers of Turkey. Not long since a correspondent asked if we could indicate the taxes which might be considered as specially favourable to the aristocracy. We ought to have noticed his letter before, - and like most others " had been long intending to do so, till we were reminded," &c., in this case, by the report of the Inland Revenue Office, that we had not done so. The report certainly did awaken our old feel ing, that those who earn their livings by the sweat of their brow or their brains were not fairly dealt with. And without attempting exact calculations, or appealing to what some will regard as " lying h gur • cs ," we will advert merely to broad facts. Take, then, Insurance, which will be found under the head of stamps. Upwards of £1,800,000 is derived from this source alone. More than £300,000 of it from marine insurances. This is a tax on production, and on trade chiefly. We once made a rough calculation which cannot be far from the mark. W e are pretty sure that if the landed estates of the aristocracy paid a duty on their value correspond ing in amount to that of fire insurance—three shil lings per cent—it would amount to considerably over a million per annum. But, it will be said, land is incombustible ; just so. It is exposed to no hazard from fire, nor to any from shipwreck. But surely it is a most aristocratical reason for taxing the providence which insures " risky property," and exempts that which is safer than the funds them selves; that the fOrmer is exp ose d t o dangers to which that of our aristocracy is not. And, as if to consummate the aristocratical character of the tax, the aristocracy augment, so far, the value of their farms by exempting the produce of their estates from fire insurance duty !! ! Equality might be ob tained in two ways. Either by repealing the duty for all, which the revenue could ill bear just now, or by taxing all landei estates at three shillings per cent. on their value, and repealing the exemp tion on farming produce. Till one of these plans is adopted, insurance duties are a badge of our sub• jectilu to landowners. 'We Come next to the probate duties. Suppose new we take the annual value of real property, 'Which, as it compri3es all the landed estates and large leasehold property is exempt from probate duty—suppose we take it as given us by the commissioners, at 1137 ,667,000 ; suppose we es timate it at the very moderate com p u t a ti on o f twenty - five years' purchase--suppose that it changes hands by death once in twenty years, i s very moderate supposition, then the probate duty, if we took it at two per cent., would amount to about THREE MILLIONS AND A-HALF sterling ! We do not see how our aristocracy, then, can evade the plain fact that, modify the basis of this calculation how you will, they have again exempted their property from a duty paid by that of the humblest greengrocer to an enormous amount. The two taxesnow referred to, ifj ustlyarranged, leave the aristocracy in our debt, some FIFE MILLIONS per annum at least. That is if we and they were taxed equally, both they and we, might have been saved this year half our income tax. Respecting the legacy and succession duties we have not the details as we require, before us. The Legacy Duty is, we all know, if we have had to perform executors duties, pretty plain sailing in regard to personal property; from one per cent. to ten per cent. the duties range with all the clearness of the different degrees of kindred or affinity. Not so when it comes to real property. It becomes then quite an actuarial calculation. We confess our selves hardly competent to it, without more atten tion than we like to give it. But the broad fact is that all the mystification is in order to save the owner of real, as compared with the owner of per sonal property—to save especially those who ought to be taxed till parents gave up the mischievous practice—the inheritors of entailed estates. Nothing is more adverse to good agriculture, and, therefore, to public policy—than entails. They richly deserve a tax of ten per cent., for they deprive the commu nity of at least that annual value of agricultural produce. How largely the landlords save them selves may, however, be seen from the fact that personal property paid last year—the first year in which the " Legacy" and " Succession" duties have been kept separate in the accounts—nearly two thirds more than real property. The Legacy Duty having been £1,528,245 ; the Succession (the Aristocracy Duty) £601,775. Yet it can hardly be doubted that the value of real property demised annually must considerably exceed that of personal property. If we add for the Legacy duty a SIXTII MILLION to the FIVE MILLIONS, with which we have debited the aristocracy to the other classes, we shall make but a very, very moderate computa tion. An advantageous thing truly for one small wealthy class to have the making of our Revenue Laws! When we come to the income tax almost every one feels quite at home. We mean, of course, not on home terms with such a visitor, but perfectly acquainted with its essential and incurable ini quity. No one has denounced its immorality and inequality, in stronger terms than Mr. GLAD STONE himself. But it is not fair to him to re present. him as having renounced his old opi nion. We believe nothing of the sort. He could easily show in a quarter of an hour, that no tax ought more thoroughly to arouse an indignant paople for its immediate abolition. In his heart he won ders that we are such fools as to tolerate such a scorpion scourge ; and it is for this very reason that he laid it on. If anything would cure the country of spending its money on floets, and armies, and fortifications, he thought an income tax would do it. And it may yet do it. He may yet be right; but things may also take the other turn. The nation may determine to tax realised property, and not the productions of industry, and the mental labours of the professional, scientific, and literary man. And we do not know that Mr. GLADSTONE would be a determined objector to this ; but he knows full well that the fear of it was one grand reason why a Reform Bill was talked away. He pointed to the greater number of tax payers who would have to choose the house which should pass the next Bud get, and the two tax-spending and tax-consuming houses instantly took the alarm. To talk of equit able taxation is to " touch the apple of their eye," or, what is quite as sensitive, the gold in their pockets. We do not know that the details present any particular points of interest. Complaint is made that under schedule D there is great evasion ; no doubt there is. Honourable men revolt indeed from consciously making false statements, but the sense of burning injustice which rankles in thousands of minds, must operate in some way. When poor clerks, and little tradesmen, and all persons whose labours arc their livelihood, see their earnings taxed to the same amount as the hereditary rent-rolls of the aristocracy, they must be .better than human, if they do not avenge themselves as best they can. His Imperial Highness the Prince Napoleon, with several membsrs of his suite, have taken their depar ture from the Brunswick, Jermyn-street, for a short time, on a visit to Portsmouth and Yarmouth. his imperial highness's yacht, the Jerome Napoleon, remains at Dept ford, awaiting his return. His Excellency Count d'Apponyi left the Aus trian Legation on Sunday evening for his estates iu Hun gary. The countess is expected at Chandos House this evening from Paris, and will afterwards repair to the Isle of Wight until the return of the Court about the end of next month. His Excellency M. Isturitz, the Spanish Minis ter, is on a tour in Ireland, and is at present visiting the far-famed Lakes of Killarney. The Duchess of Hamilton has arrived in. town from the Continent. The Duchess (Emily) of Beaufort and Lady Edith Somerset are staying with Viscount and Lady Blanche Dupplin, at Dupplin Castle, Perthshire. The Earl and Countess of Devon and Lady Agnes Courtenay, after visiting their estates at Newcastle, county of Limerick, have gone on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Dunraven, at Adare Manor. The Bishop of London and Mrs. Tait arrived at the Palace, Fulham, yesterday, from the Isle of Wight. THE Hops IN KENT.—The favourable change in the weather which has taken place lately has 'arrived too late to.be of any service to the hops. The failure of the growth is well nigh complete and extends to all parts of the county. Some excellent plantations which usually are very productive, near Orpington, are this year almost en tirely worthless. Many of the poles are absolutely bare, and the plant has, in few instances, arrived at maturity. In the county around Maidstone there is an almost utter absence of good, useful hops. The plantations look black and withered, and the loss sustained by cultivators will be most severe. To make matters worse, the wheat crops have been very light on most lands, although they have been housed in very good condition. Those who retained their last year's growth of hops will, of course, more than re cover the loss they have sustained this year, but these cases are very exceptional., A RUSSIAN MAN OF WAR BLOWN UP IN THE GULF OF FINLAND.—A letter from St. Petersburg, Sep tember 4, says—l have this instant lea rne d th e melancholy news that a Russian man of war, which returned some days ago from the Pacific, has blown up in the Gulf of Finland, very near Revel. Unfortunately, it appears, that of the number on board only a thirtieth part were rescued from perishing in the sea and taken on shore, and several of these were horribly mutilated. This dreadful catas trophe, of which it has been impossible to ascertain the cause, has overwhelmed with grief the inhabitants of Revel and other towns on the coasts of the Gulf of Finland. This Russian vessel of war thus destroyed by an explosion of gunpowder, was constructed only a few years since in the Imperial dockyard of Archangel, in the White Sea. THE GREAT EASTERN.—With regard to the Great Eastern, it is now proved beyond all doubt that the ocean can be navigated in these huge ships net only with perfect safety, but in far greater comfort than in vessels of smaller size. In port, or out of port, the Great Eastern has done and withstood all that could be expected from any fabric built by human hands. Her performances in the gale at Holyhead Harbour showed that, no matter how ter rible might be the fury of the elements, she could be held to her anchors and moorings. In her various trips round the coast of England she had been exposed to very severe wea ther, and no vessel could have behaved better. Now that the experiment has been extended, and this huge ship has twice effected the passage of the Atlantic in safety, sufficient has been done to show that Mr. Brunel was right in his mechanical calculations, and that, as far as speed end safety are concerned, bulk and volume are not disadvantageous to a sea-going ship. The question of whether cr no it is more profitable to employ one larger vessel instead of four or six smaller ones for the transport of goods remains purely one fur commercial men. It must be decided with reference to the economy of fuel, to the time occupied in loading and unloading, to the power of concentrating merchandise at a given moment at a given spot in sufficient abundance to freight so huge a ship. The s e, h owev er, are calculations which fall within the usual domain of mercantile fore thought, and it will soon be ascertained whether it is more profitable to build ships like the Great Eastern, or to adhere to the more ordinary dimensions and lines which our ship builders have been In the habit of employing hitherto.--' ( Ono e Week. r IT% 6 _"l LA.A r' .1 no N E The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Neuter's office : BOLOGNA, SEPT. 12, EVENING. The division of troops under the command of General Fanti yesterday entered 'the Papal States at Citadicastello. This division was to march to day towards the valley of Fiberina. The sth Sardinian corps d'armee was en route towards Fratta. The Sardinian troops under the command of General Cialdini effected their entry yesterday into Urbino. PARIS, THURSDAY. The Moniteur contains the following :—" Their Majesties have arrived at Nice, where they met with an enthusiastic reception. The health of their Majesties continues excellent." The llloniteur also says :—" The 62d and 67th Regiments of the Line have been despatched to Rome. The French garrison having been thus increased, General Goyon has received orders to return to his post." PARIS, SEPT. 12 (EvENING). Without waiting a reply from Rome to the ulti matum sent to Cardinal Antonelli, 25,000 Sardinian troops entered Umbria yesterday evening, and were followed this morning by other 25,000. It is asserted that the French Government will increase the army of occupation at Rome to 10,000 men, and that General Goyon will again assume the command. Having received the reports of the Swiss repre sentatives at Paris, London, and Turin, who are now here, the Federal Council persists more than ever in considering this affair as a question of European order, reserved for the competency of the Powers which signed the final Act of Vienna. PARIS, SEPT. 12. tion. The Patrie says :—General Goyon leaves this evening for Rome, where he will reassume the command of the French troops. Several Powers have protested against the entry of Sardinian troops into the States of the Church as an attack upon international rights. General de Lamoriciere has concentrated his army at Ancona. The same journal also contains the following : "We believe the statement to be without any foundation that Lord John Russell had declared to the Sardinian Government that Austria would not quit her frontiers notwithstanding the entry of Sardinian troops into the Pontifical States." The Presse says :—" It is asserted that a tele gram has been received here stating that the King of Naples had embarked at Gaeta for Spain." VIENNA, SEPT. 12. The statement of the Nord that Austria, Prus sia, and England had concluded an arrangement in three points, directed against France, is totally unfounded in so far as it concerns Austria. BERNE, SEPT. 12. Lp to the present moment the Federal Council has not, either directly or indirectly, been invited by the French Government to draw up the condi tions for a direct arrangement of the differences on the Savoy question. The Federal Council, through the medium of its diplomatic agents, has recently informed France, as well as the other Powers which signed the Treaty of 1815, that to guarantee efficaciously the neutra lity of Switzerland, it would be indispensable to , exact two things : . Ist, That the Simplon road, henceforth oze,,n to France, should be properly protected. 2d, That the Lake of Geneva should be sepa rated from the French frontiers by a portion of land of about two hours' march in breadth. In reply to these overtures, the Cabinet of the Tuileries has withdrawn its former concessions, de claring that it would not cede either an inch of territory or a single inhabitant of Savoy. In this state of affairs any direct arrangexnen between Switzerland and France is impossible. TURIN, SEPT. 12. Count Cavour has remitted a note to M. Thou venel, explaining the new attitude of Sardinia. The representations made by Russia and Prussia at Turin were very strongly expressed. leis, how ever, certain that those Powers will take no other step against the entry of Sardinian trogps into the States of the Church. TURIN, SEPT. 12, EVENING. The Sardinian troops have attacked and taken Pesaro. 1,200 German soldiers, under the com mand of Mgr. Bella, wvho were shut up in the for tress, have been made prisoners. The losses sus tained by Cialdini's corps arc trifling. Mgr. Bella, who had ordered the sack of the town, has been brought to Turin. The German garrison of Orvieto has capitulated to the insurgents. CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 5. The arrival of the prisoners from Damascus has excited the population. The ambassadors have congratulated the Sultan on justice having been done. The Marquis de Lavalette has demanded that the repression of the disturbances in the Lebanon should he completed, The Grand Vizier has not yet returned to Con stantinople, as he intends first visiting Bosnia, to calm the agitation prevailing there. TRIESTE, SEPT. 12. According to the most authentic information, the Austrian Government had decided upon re fusing to receive the Neapolitan fleet should the King of Naples have intended to send it to an Austrian port. In official quarters little fear is entertained of an outbreak in Dalmatia. As regards Croatia, its bishop, who is a member of the Reichsrath, has already declared that the Croats will not in any way separate their cause from that of Hungary. The Austrian Government thinks that if an understanding could be brought about with the latter there would be nothing to fear from Croatia. BEYROUT (via Marseilles), AUG. 27. News received from Damascus states that Fuad Pasha had not incorporated the 3,000 prisoners into the army ; but he had sent 300 of them to the galleys. Fuad Pasha gave 120 Mussulman houses to the homeless Christians. It is asserted, how ever, that as the mob insulted and threw rubbish at those Christians; they were obliged, after the first night, to return to the citadel, where, to the number of 10,000, they were exposed to the burn• Ing sun, and destitute of everything. The large indemnity imposed on the city had excited threats and great agitation. It was asserted that some soldiers had deserted, and joined the Druses, on account of not having received their pay. The French army is still encamped at Beyrout. Sea- tious prints against the Christians are in circula- FRANCE. BOURSE, Sept. 12.—The proclamation of King "Victor Emmanuel to his troops on their entry into the Marches has been the principal subject of com ment at the Bourse during the day, but the effect of it has been but trifling. The market was very feeble at the opening of business, and still continues so. For the Account, Threes are now quoted at 67f 90c. Mobilier, 678 f 75c ; Orleans, 1,375 f ; Northern, 957 f 50c ; Mediterranean, 886 f 25c ; Austrian and Lombard, 462 f 50c to 463 f 75c. The following are the last quotations : 41 per per Cents ... 95 50 Credit Fonder 892 50 Do end month.... 95 75 Belgian 41 9B 3 per Cents Do. end month,.., 67 85' Roman Bank Shares . 2815 — l Austrian Credit Mobilier.. . . 678 75 ' Spanish Threes 47 75 Do. Account 670 25 Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1376 25 .. 1377 50 Northern New ditto B7O 865 Lyons and Mediterranean 887 50 .. 887 50 Geneva.. Southern 498 75 .. 497 50 Western ... 578 75 . , 580 Eastern .... Sardinian Austrian Lon-bard THE WEST INDIA MAIL. SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY. The Royal Mail Steam-packet Company's ship Shannon, Captain Abbott, from the West Indies, has arrived. She brings 89 passengers, 553,000 in specie, and 2,050 packages of cargo. The political news is unimportant. The English barques Orpheus and Emma Tully has been totally wrecked off Belize. Business at Valparaiso was dull in consequence of severe rains. Coffee was scarce. No transactions in copper. Hides firm and scarce. Exchange on England, 60 to 90 days, 43 pence. Rich saltpetre mines had been discovered in Bolivia. A gold mine had been discovered near Paita, and in consequence great excitement pre vailed. Valuable mines had also been discovered at Copiapo. The Aranea Indians were suing for peace, and solicit to be allowed to enter the Southern towns with produce. The wcather at Barbadoes was favourable for planters. Exchange on London,3o days, 490 dols. At Demerara the cane plants were suffering from the dry weather. Produce was coming in slowly. Tonnage was abundant. Business at Jamaica was dull, and the island healthy. Ex change, 90 days, per cent. premium. The crops in Trinidad were looking well. The island was healthy. Sickness prevailed at St. Vincent. St. Thomas was healthy, but the heat was oppressive. THE ARRIVAL OF GARIBALDI AT NAPL_ES. (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) NAPLES, SEPT. 6. This has been the most eventful and the most marvellous day in the recent history of the Two Sicilies, and I can scarcely realize what I have wit nessed. Every one was on the alert in the morning as to the report of the intended departure of his Majesty. By universal consent he was voted poli tically dead many hours before he left. On passing through the city I saw workmen taking down the Royal arms from the doors of shops licensed to sell certain articles, and from lottery offices. Crowds were hanging about the Palace, or looking over the walls of the Arsenal watching the preparations for the . Royal journey, In Santa Lucia the cannon, which have for so many years been pointed against the King's most beloved subjects, were being removed, and I felt that my chances of security were now far greater than they had been in the morning. On a sudden I heard women's shrieks and invocations." What on earth is the matter P I rush to my windows, and see a great crowd of Billingsgate gentry assembled below, alternately increased and diminished by people rushing in and out of the neighbouring church. But what is the matter ? " Madonna mia !" was the universal cry ; " Save our King. Make peace for our King ! See, the Madonna of Santa Lucia is sweating ; large drops are running down her cheeks and neck. Blessed Madonna, spare the King!" The whole place was in an uproar, and a few swear ing or weeping Madonnas might have set the city on fire, despite the antagonism between fire and water, but the troops and the National Guard were soon on the spot, and by force and moderation managed to quell the disturbance in a short time. It is my neighbour the parroco or guardiano, who had spread the report of the " prodigious miracle," and, " Ecee *Signori, what were those drops on the neck and face ? " His holiness, however, seeing that this trick was discovered, put himself into a carriage, and endeavoured to make his escape, but was arrested in the course of the evening. Towards midday it was made known that the King would positively leave the following evening. Ministers went to take leave of his Majesty, the Spanish steamer got up its steam early, and, just as night was closing, the last of the Bourbons bade farewell to his capital, if not to his throne. The following article is a solemn protest against any supposition of the kind : FRANCIS 11. Since a reckless adventurer, possessing all the force of which revolutionary Europe can dispose, has attacked our dominions, under the name of an Italian Sovereign who is both a relation and a friend, we have striven for five months long, with all the means in our power, on behalf of the sacred independence of our States. The fortune of war has proved contrary to us. The reckless enterprise of which the above Sovereign protested his ignorance in the most formal manner, and which never • thelegs at the moment when negotiations were going on for an intimate alliance between us, received in his own States its principal support and assistance, that enterprise at which the whole of Europe looked on with indifference, after having proclaimed the principle of non-intervention, leaving us alone to fight against the common enemy, is now upon the point of extending its disastrous effects to our own capital. The forces of the enemy are now approaching this neighbourhood. On the other hand, both Sicily and the provinces of the Continent, which for a long time have been agitated in every manner by a revolution, rising in insurrection under so great an excitement, have formed Provisional Governments under the title and nominal protection of the above Sove reign, and have confided to a pretended Dictator full autho rity and the decision of their destiny. Strong in our rights, founded upon history, in interna tional treaty, and in the public law of Europe, we intend to prolong our defence while it is possible, yet we are no less determined upon every sacrifice in order to save this vast metropolis, the glorious home of the most ancient memories, the birthplace of national art and civilisation, from the horrors of anarchy and civil war. In consequence we shall retire beyond the walls with our army, confiding in the loyalty and in the love of our sub jects for the preservation of order, and for respect being shown to authority. In taking this determination we are conscious of a duty which our ancient and uncontested rights, our honour, the interest of our heirs and successors, and, more than all, the welfare of our most beloved subjects, have imposed upon us, and therefore we protest loudly against all acts which have been accomplished up to this time, and against the events which are on the point of completion, or which may be ac e mplished in future. We reserve them all our rights and privileges arising from the most sacred and incontestible laws of succession, as well as from the force of treaties, and we declare solemnly that all the aforesaid acts and events aro null, void, and of no effect. For what concerns us, we leave our cause and the cause of our people in the hands of Almighty God, under the firm conviction that during tho short space of our reign we have not entertained a single thought that was not devoted to the happiness and the good of our subjects. The institutions which we have irrevocably guaranteed them are the proofs of this. This protest of ours shall be transmitted to every Court, and WO desire that, signed by us, provided with the seal of our Royal arms, and counter signed by our Minister of Foreign Affairs, it should be pre served in our Royal offices of the exterior as a record of our firm resolution always to oppose reason and right to violence and usurpation. FRANCESCO 11, DE MAR LINO. Naples, Sept. 6, 1860. ROYAL rItOCLAMATIO N. Naples Sept. 6,1860. Among the duties prescribed to Kings, those of the days of misfortune are the grandest and the most solemn, and I intend to fulfill them with resignation free from weakness, 1 and with a serene and confident heart, as befit the descend ants of so many monarchs. For such a purpose I once more address my voice to the people of this metropolis, from whom I am now to depart with bitter grief. An unjust, war, carried on in contravention to the law of nations, has invaded my States, notwithstanding the fact that I was at peace with all the European Powers. The changed order of government and my adhesion to the great principles of Italian nationality were not suffi cient to ward off the war ; and, moreover, the necessity of defending the integrity of the State entailed upon me the obligations of events which I have always deplored ; there fore I solemnly protest against this indescribable hostility, concerning which present and future time will pronounce its solemn verdict. The Diplomatic Corps residing at my Court has known since the commencement of this unexpected invasion with what sentiments my heart has been filled for all my people, as well as for this illustrious city, with a view of securing her from ruin and war, of saving her inhabitants and all their property, her sacred churches, her monuments, her public buildings, her collections of art, and all that which forms the patrimony of her civilization and of her great ness, and which, being an inheritance of future generations, is superior to the passions of a day. Tho time has now come to fulfil these professions of mine. Tho war is now approaching the walls of the city, and with unutterable grief I am now to depart with a portion of my army to betake myself where the defence of my rights calls me. The remainder of my army remains in company with the honourable National Guard, in order to protect the inviolability and safety of the capital, which I recom mend as a sacred treasure to the zeal of the Ministry ; and I call upon the honour and the civic feeling of the Mayor of Naples and the Commandant of the said National Guard to spare this most beloved country of mine the horrors of internal discord and tho disasters of civil wars, for which purpose I concede to the above-named the widest powers that they may require. As a descendant of a dynasty that has reigned over this continent for 126 years, after having preserved it from the horrors of a long viceroyalty, the affections of my heart are here. lam a Neapolitan, nor could I without bittergrief address words of farewell to my most dearly be loved people—to my fellow-citizens. Whatever may be my destiny, be it prosperous or ad verse, I shall always preserve for them a passionate and affectionate remembrance. I recommend to them concord, peace, and strict observance of their civic duties. Let not an excessive zeal for my dynasty be made a pretence for disturbance. Whether from the fortunes of the present war I return shortly among you, or whatever may b 3 the time at which it may please the justice of God to restore me to the throne of my ancestors, a throne made all the more splendid by the free institutions with which I have irrevocably sur rounded it, all that I pray from this time forth is to behold again my people united, strong and happy. FRANCIS 11. The protest is a matter of course and requires no remark. I really do not know which is the greatest marvel, the rapid and triumphant progress of Garibaldi, or the perfect calm• and order of the people. A throne has fallen, a King has left his capital to-day, and yet the aspect of everything is unchanged, the theatres are open, th Guards stand at the Palace gates, and all classes pursue their usual occupations. And now for Garibaldi, whose fame and pro portions, though great at a distance, assume a gigantic form as he approaches Naples. A few days since he was at Faro, Pizzo, Paola, Castro villari, and on the evening of the sth he had arrived at Ercole ; this morning, the 6th, we hear that he arrived at Salerno, and was followed by the Divi sions of Cosenz and Turr, in vehicles of every kind and description. Fabrizi also was following close with the insurgents of the Basilicata and Principato. " Numerous disembarkations were being made on different points of the Gulf of Salerno and the Bay of Naples." So says the Intendente of the Province. Garibaldi arrived almost alone with his Aide-de- Camp, and, proceeding to the Intendente's, pre sented himself at the balcony to a frenzied popu lation with the Piedmonteso flag in his hand. At La Cava he dined, and there I leave him until to morrow morning. Yet let me record one fact of this wonderful man, who is the very soul of energy, and has the art of inspiring all his followers with the same. For three days in succession he marched 40 miles a day, the rations of his troops being limited to bread and a small quantity of wine. The English officers who passed by in the French steamer reported the army, notwithstanding, to be in a healthy state. Salerno is, of courpe, emptied of the Royalist troops, who have fallen back upon - Nocera. The foreign troops have been fighting among themselves. Orders have been given to them all to concentrate finally at Capua and Gaeta, but before long I expect to hear of their having sent in their adhesion to Victor Emmanuel. SEPT. 7. As soon as his Majesty left a Provisional Govern ment was formed, consisting of Pianelli, Libertini, Bella, Colonna, Conforti, Agresti, and Ricciardi. Cosenz was appointed pro-Dictator, and Bertani Se cretary-General. This, of course, is subject to modi fication by Garibaldi. At the same time Liborio Romano, ex-Minister of the Interior, publishes the following iddress : To TRE MOST . INVINCIBLE GENERAL GARIBALDI, DICTATOR OF THE Two SICILIES. With the greatest impatience Naples awaits your arrival to salute you as the redeemer of Italy, and place in your hands the powers of the State and its destinies. During this interval of expectation I shall remain firm for the main tenance of order and public tranquillity. Your voice, already made known by me to the people, is the great pledge of the success of such enterprises. I await your further orders, and am, with unbounded respect, LIBORIO ROMANO. Naples, Sept. 7. And now for the events of the day. Garibaldi is among us—sooner by many days than we had expected. He marched, as one of his followers said to me to-day, for several days 45 miles consecu tively. Well, he arrived at Salerno yesterday, and had, I am given to understand, a most brilliant reception. " Perhaps he may come in for the Feast of Pie di Grotto," said some, but I was thunder struck at the information of a friend this morning that he was to be here " within the hour." There was no time to be. lost, and so, through rather a dull and forsaken looking town, we drove to the railway. There were no signs of preparation on the road—a banner of the Madonna hung across the street from the church to the barracks, but no Sardinian flag. There was no hurry-scurry in the streets, and I thought that there might have been some mistake about the matter, but nothing of the kind. At the railway National Guards were stationed at all the entrances, and flags were coming down in rapid succession, for the arrival of the Dic tator was sudden, like everything he does, and people were unprepared. The waiting-rooms inside were full of the most eminent characters of Naples, at least among the Liberals. There were all the members of the Comitato which has issued its mys terious commands for so many months ; Azala, the new commander of the National Guard; Leopardi, the historian ; a great many of our countrymen, Lord Llanover among the number; a few, but very few, lkdies, as still there was an impression that a row might take place. I stood by a priest who was Chief of the Provisional Government of Lecce, and who indulged in anecdotes of Garibaldi, whom he knew well in Rome. But what delays the Dicta tor ? Half-past 10 o'clock, and he does not make his appearance. At last a bell rings, a train ap proaches, and there is a tremendous burst of " Vivas ;" but no, it is not the hero ; it is a convoy of Bavarian soldiers who have lately deserted and are joining the winning cause. So we turn round again and talk over the sufferings and persecutions of the last 12 years, and point out all the remarkable men in the room. A last 12 o'clock strikes and a bell sounds, and from a distance a signal is made that Garibaldi is approaching. Viva Garibaldi !'' rises from a thousand voices, and the train stops ; a few red-jackets get out, and they are seized, hugged, and kissed with that most unmerciful violence which characterises Italian ardour. There was one poor elderly ma n ,•ho by virtue of his white beard was takenfoiCarhi-e Gari baldi, and was slobbered so that I thought must have sunk under the operati on , b ut the great. great man had gone round by another door, and so there was a rush in all directions to intercept him, We drove round by a side- street to the front of the Carmine, and thus by a knowing dodge we came in front of the Dictator. There is no mistaking that face; there is the grandeur and the openness of nature's nobleman expressed, one thing while Iplotting of many of the so-called and it does not say another; it is marked by a loyalty whi c h in vain might be sought for in that great ones of the earth. 1 was much struck with his calm self-possession and the extreme sweetness of his smile. He was not in the carriage of the French Minister, though I be lieve it had been placed at u.g disposal, but in one hired for the occasion. Followed ail(' accompanied by three lines of carriages ho went along the Marinella, through the Basso Porto, surrounded by thousands, and deafened by their greetings, up the Lago Castello, and so on by San Carlo and the Palace of the King, which Royalty left only a few hours before, and entered the Palace of reception for foreign Princes. The crowd waved back wards and forwards, and looked up to the windows and shouted for the appearance of Garibaldi. First came one red coat, then another, and at last the hero. What a cry of " Viva" there rose from the vast mass below ! When last that bal cony was occupied by a distinguished personage it was by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, but in answer to no calls, for there were only a few of those idlers who always hang about the palaces of Princes. It was impossible to make himself heard amid the noise and confusion, and so Garibaldi leant over the iron railing and gazed intently on the crowd. A wave of the hand at last asked for silence, but in vain. "Zitti, Zitti 1' rose from all sides, and there was a perfect silence. "Nea politans," said a voice as clear as a bell,, and with an enunciation so distinct that nothing could fail to reach the ear— This is a solemn, holy, and memorable day. This day, from being subjects under the yoke of tyranny, you have become a free people. I thank you in the name of the whole of Italy. You have performed a great work, not only for Italy, but for all humanity, whose rights you have vindi cated. " Hurrah for liberty 1" so much dearer to Italy in asmuch as she has suffered so much more than other na tions. "Long live Italy 1" The cry was taken up by the thousands assembled, and " Viva Italia !" might have been heard from one end of the city to the other. There were curi ous spectacles to be witnessed in the crowd—there were members of a legion of Amazons to the num ber of 200, who, dressed in the Garibaldian uniform, had vowed to place themselves in front of the Na tional Guard and of Garibaldi, in case the military had interfered. There were priests with tricoloured. scarfs over their shoulders and banners in their hands, and bareheaded monks with muskets on their shoulders. There were men and women with un sheathed swords and daggers and swordsticks in their hands, which they brandished in all the drunkenness of enthusiasm. There were hundreds of Lazzaroni, armed with pikei, which had been provided for the defence of the barricades had the Bourbons driven the people to such extremes. Such were some of the scenes to be witnessed, I remarked that Garibaldi made not the slightest allusion to the name of Victor Emmanuel, and I remarked also that, with few exceptions, the only cries in the streets were " Viva Garibaldi !" " Viva Italia !" On entering the Palace and the room in which Garibaldi was received I saw him giving audience to a deputation of Venetians. "We are all ready and organised, General, and anxious to begin." " You cannot be more anxious than I am," was the reply, and then he left the room to repose and take some refresh ment. In the afternoon Garibaldi visited the Duomo, and the greetings were more enthusiastic than in the morning, and the crowd far greater. It was a worthy demonstration. From the Duomo he re turned to the Palazzo Angri, in the Toledo, where for the present he resides, if he can be said to re side anywhere ; for his officers tell me he may go off to Gaeta in the morning, or to the Abruzzi in the evening. We never know his movements or his whereabouts. How the people's lungs stand it I can't make out, but there was no cessation of shouting and of galloping up and down and kissing and hugging during the whole of this blessed day ; and, now night has set in, every house is illuminated. Looking up the side streets the effect is beautiful. The banners touched one another from the opposite windows, and there was a blaze of light between. There is a torchlight procession in carriages and on foot in the Toledo and other parts of the city. Crowds rush along with torches or banners in one hand and knives or swords in the other, like so many mad Bacchanalians, only they were not drunk, except with joy and newly-found liberty, and they stop and hug and kiss, and. then rush on till they meet with other crowds. But were I to write a hundred columns of descrip tion I should be only repeating myself, so I leave this festive scene for the night. Some rounds of cannon are fired from the Borbone and other Neapo litan vessels which have hoisted the Sardinian flag mast high, and the Carmine and Ovo salute also. As for the Potenza, which was cruising off Ischia and received orders to come into Naples, she has gone off to Gaeta. SEPTEMBER 8. Few persons slept last night. I can answer for myself, for the shouts of " Viva Garibaldi !" have been ringing in my ears for twenty-four hours con tinuously. The Marchese Villamarina had an in terview of two hours yesterday with Garibaldi, who, as far as I can make out, assumes the com mand in everything, and asserts thorough inde pendence of action. The Provisional Government which had been formed has been put down in the following significant terms : " without any orders from the Dictator, certain lists of names as of those forming the Provisional Government have been placarded. The public are warned against any surprise, it being the will of the Dictator that the guilty shall be punished." The Prefect of Police, in another order, says : " All the ships of war and merchant vessels belonging to the State of the Two Sicilies, the arsenals, materials of war, are added to the squadron of the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel, commanded by Admiral Persian°. " GARIBALDI." Romano is confirmed in his office as Minister of the Interior, Cosenz is appointed Minister of War, Pisanelli Minister of Justice, De Cesare and Giacchi are confirmed in the Directories of Finance and of the Interior. De Sauzet is nominated. Director of War, under Cosenz. The same perfect order conti nues, though the French Admiral called on Admi ral Mundy on Thursday evening (says Mrs. Grundy), and announced his intention of sending troops on shore. Our Admiral expressed some astonishment at the resolution, which had been taken without any communication with himself, the more so as such a step seemed to be quite unneces sary. If, however, the French sent men on shore ho should do the same to the Legation, having first obtained permission of the authorities; and he begged the French Admiral to communicate to him his final resolution. Take this as a fair specimen of the incidents which have rendered the position of Admiral Mundy so delicate and so difficult, among the incidents around, and through which he has steered with great prudence. It is reported to me that the Spanish, Austrian, Brazilian, Belgian, and Wurtemburg Ministers have accompanied the Kin g, as a l so the Nunc i o, who has taken down his arm s , and has placed the French flag above the doorway. LATEST MOMENT. I have just been into the Toledo, where the furor is something tremendous, and we are in for another night of it, A procession of priests was coming down, carrying banners and deco rations, with tricoloured scarfs and ribands. They were soon after presented to the Dictator, together w ith a f ew bi s h o ps. In a pa ra ll e l l i ne with th ese were a num b e r of the Chasseu rs i n car riages, part of the town I met a number and Grenadiers d th i e nal another fla g , an d running and shoutin g lik e Baccha nalians. After the bishop s had been presented this ei ot . of the Guard b ear i ng the morning Lord Llanover had an interview with the Dictator. Garibaldi, in fact, h av i ng h eard of his being in Naples, appointed midday to receive him. Bands, banners, and National Guards are passing under my window, and, unles s th e ra i n pre . vents him, w e shall have the Dictator shortly en route to the Pie di Grotta, but, unfortunately, a thunderstorm has just set in. As I conclude my letter the troops have rushed madly out of Castel Nuovo shrieking wildly " Viva Garibaldi !" while the civilians are kissing and hug ging them. The following is an extract from a letter from Mr. Edwin James to a friend:— Salerno, Sept. 6, 9 a.m. Under the gray twilight of a September morning we steamed out of the harbour of Naples in search of Gari baldi. Count Cavour had kindly placed at our disposal a Sardinian corvette, the Authion (so named from the plaeo where one. of their great battles had been gained), and at / 1101 E Our Sale the. leen pea/ Pima eo c ( to FR in a less( that emr forc is n eng bee! prei fort hav thu in 1 Po' by r full ten cic lot th] fr( ce( thi Ail till eni tai old nal