The Sun. — London, England, 1869-05-17 00:00:00

SFIIIIT 71:1 - 7, FTOI3II-C. JOURNALS-, The T nms discusses the whole history of our fortifica tions, and observes that since they were first designed a complete revolution has occurred in military science. It is hardly too much to say that the guns of to-day differ from the guns of ten years since as widely as the first cannon differed from bows and arrows. In 1859 the largest gun known to the service was a 68-pounder. Now a-days, a 600-pounder is no extraordinary weapon. In addition to this came the universal rise in prices ; so that a variety of unavoidable circumstances did really combine to upset the original calculations and enhance the cost of the scheme. The moral to be drawn from this story is not encouraging, and in proof of this we will merely ask the reader to recall the arguments of the great military controversy during the last six months. As far as such views are concerned, we might just as well have pitched our five millions into the sea at once. Not the slightest heed was taken of these fortifications, or their place in the system of our national defences. if our fleets should be defeated and the command of the channel lost, the enemy, it is said, would throw his hosts upon our shores, and there would be nothing to stop him for a single week. The war would be "short, sharp, and decisive," and the only chance for us is to maintain a standing army of about half-a-million of men, so distributed between active and reserve forces that the whole body might take the field at tweny-four hours' notice. That is all we have got for .£5,000,000 actually spent, and some £3,000,600 of expenditure in prospect. The cry is as loud after all we have done as if we had done nothing at all. Since the alarm was first sounded we have increased our land forces in mere numbers just eighty-fold—other improvements considered, we may say a hundred-fold. Gunboats, turret-ships, and torpedoes would render a landing on our shores infinitely more hazardous than-formerly, and yet —just as in 1849, so in 1859, and just as in 1859, so in 1869—we are described as without any security against invasion. If that is not a story without an end, it is one with a very unpleasant conclusion. The Star has little opinion of the efficacy of fortifica tions as a means of defence, and says : We are fully con vinced, and we feel sure that hundreds of brave and scien tific officers share the opinion, that if an enemy's fleet of ironclads could by any possibility appear off Portsmouth, and had the chance of destroying the shipping and dock yards, it is not the forts upon which we have spent so much money which could prevent it. Either the enemy would lie off at an extreme distance, and slowly bombard the place at his convenience, or send in a few of his best-protected vessels, to run past the forts and work general mischief inside. To prevent this, torpedoes in the fair way would be worth all the forts we have built. It is a good rule in war that we must meet an enemy with his own weapons. If he attacks with a fleet, our fleet must meet him. If he lands an army by some remarkable and unimaginable good for tune on his part, we must con centrate our army; and if we cannot trust to these—that is, to ourselves—the sooner we all emigrate the better. The policy of fortifications is based on the assumption that our fleet is not only not able to cope with the enemy in the open sea, but net even capable of defending our dock yards. The idea is monstrous and indefensible. It is at once a slur on the navy, and a pitiful position for the nation to occupy before foreign nations. We hope the present Parliament means to stand erect, and spare us farther examples of ignoble trepidation. Let it save the £2,800,000 for the works of peace ; and should war come the investment will be found to give infinitely greater strength to the country than if each separate town were fortified with iron, while the people inside were encouraged to prostrate themselves in terror before imaginary dangers. The Standard thinks that a most important example has been fuznished by the Preston strike. It illustrates a double truth. The first is, that in the greatest manufac turing county of England a feeling has set in—which the Preston committee calls " apathy "—hostile to strikes; the second is that the operatives, although conducting themselves with infinite forbearance and submission, have utterly failed to carry their point, and instead of increas ing have lowered the rate of wages. It is true that a rem nant of them still announce their resolve to prolong the conflict, and that some hope exists of emigration plans relieving the distressed population. But how much has been paid for this battle ; how much by the weavers themselves; and how much by the ratepayers ? It is a healthy sign of the times that a sentiment is growing up in the eastern and southern divisions of Lancashire against this practice, so irrational as towards the employer and so cruel as towards the employed. Preston has been famous for its strikes. Not one of them has ever triumphed. Not one of them has ever added a permanent penny to the wages of the working man. All have left behind them desola tion and regret. Will the lesson at last be understood? We look at that great industrial town, and there are thousands in it who could tell us, now that the battle has been fought out to its bitter end, that they gained nothing by it ; that, on the contrary, they have incurred unhappy losses ; and that, above all, the teeming counties round them refuse to take a share in the strafe, and are advting new theories of industrial economy. The Post declares that, viewed from a proper standpoint, the bill for creating County Financial Boards is certainly not open to the charge of being, either directly or indirectly, mischievous. The bill introduced by Mr. Knatchbull- Hugessen simply provides for the engrafting of a small modicum of the representative system up ,n the existing magisterial mode of government in counties. The proposed arrangement may be productive of good. In some counties there is much better management of local affairs than in other ; and the admission to the boards of men practically acquainted with the requirements and working arrangements of their several districts might often tend to a more satisfactory despatch of business than would otherwise be found practicable. In 1850 Mr. Milner Gibson introduced a bill, pro. posing the formation of Financial Boards, composed, as in the case of the present bill, partly of guar dians and partly of magistrates. A select committee, how ever, negatived the preamble of the bill, on the ground that the management of the county magistrates was already " economical and efficient." Another bill, the same year, was rejected also. In 1851 a somewhat similar bill was introduced, but it was negatived on the second reading. Public opinion was evidently not ripe for the proposed change, and the question *as scarcely again agitated at all until last year, when two bills on the sub ject were brought into the House of Commons. These were referred to the select committee presided over by Colonel Wilson-Patten,. which recommended that the wishes of the ratepayers should be gratified ; and from the reception the Government bill received there can be little doubt that what is right in principle, is desired by the taxpayers, and is incapable of mischief, will at last be carried out. The Herald, in referring to Mr. Galt's speech, says that at a time when the temper of the Americans has become so threatening that even Mr. Goldwin Smith is no longer safe in the country of his preference it is of peculiar im portance to us to be accurately informed of the feeling of the Canadians in respect to the claims which have been advanced against us by Mr. Sumner. To both sides in the controversy the real, if not the only, object to be regarded is Canada. It is Canada which the Americans covet ; it is Canada which alone is the source of England's anxiety. The big words of Mr. Sumner have no terrors for us, save in so far as they threaten the security of our North American provinces. Any war between England and the United States is only . so far a matter of anxiety to the former as that it commits her to the defence of the Canadian frontier. In no other part is England vulnerable, and if any hostilities, which may God forbid, break out between Great Britain and America, they must quickly be resolved into a war for the posses f4on of Canada. That England is bound to defend Canada, and that she will be pr.2pared to do so in the event of the quarrel being carried to the point of war, we suppose few Englishmen will deny. If, indeed, by her own choice, she should prefer to cast her lot with the United States, then let her go with a blessing. Such a conclusion to the difficulty would be a good deal disconcerting to those who expect to seize her by way of revenge, and in satisfaction of a pecuniary claim ; but to England it would be perfectly acceptable. A parting from Canada, if effected in an amicable spirit, would be no loss, perhaps, to either side—certainly not to England. In these cir cumstances we have but one duty and one policy. To defend Canada against the United States, with the Cana dians opposed or indifferent to the British connection, would be impossible. To defend Canada at our own cost and by our own means would be very difficult, and would not be just to the people of this country. But if the Canadians are willing and ready to take their share of the work of defence—if they arc loyal, as they profess to be, to the empire—we not only believe that we.onglit to undertake their defence, but that we shall be able to do so with every reasonable prospect of succesS. . The Daily Ycic3 says that while Roman Catholics and Anlicans, like rival litigants, arc asserting their claims to be considered the lawful successors of St. Patrick, historic Criticism, as the final court of appeal, slims s on i c inclina tion to get rid of the dispute, after thy li:iv:o'er of an estate swallowed up in costs, by resolymz t;:e saint into a myth. 11Thate7er ;nay I ecome of St. Patrick, the real patron saint of Ireland is Daniel O'Connell. The homage which w.ts paid to hiS memory by the ceremonial of Frii:ay was natural and becoming. Ten th nisaml of his fellow countrymen followed the collie of O'Connell to its last ruAing-place. Among them were the first Roman CathOlie Lord Chancellor of Ireland and Cardinal Cullen. Their prcsen tn.! was a fitting homage to the man to whom chiefly Catholic emancipation was due. The time of the celebration had also a certain appro. Tulateness. The great measure which is to remove the last vestige of. ecclesiaitical ascendency in Ireland. and to do away with that great historic wrong with which during the earlier and better part of his career O'Connell waged partially successful war, has received the assent of the people of England and of their representatives. It is well that those who are about to reap the harvest should remember the labourer who toiled in the midday heat. Curiously, but naturally, the very measure which completes one part of O'Connell's work contributes to snake therest•void. The act of justice which will remove the ilaat symbol Of Roman Catholic inferiority in Ireland buries pore deeply in the limbo of abortive projects all scheuleslfor the repeal of the Union. _AIISCL u5.,4-v THE CASTING or THE DIE. The John Bull, which is usually well-informed., "understands that, on the motion for the second ! reading of the Irish Church Bill in the House of Lords, the Earl of Derby will move that it be read a second time that day six months." No doubt the ex-Premier has been encouraged to take that step by the attitude which certain Whig Lords, notably Earl Russell and Lord Westbury, have recently assumed towards the Government. It is a most serious decision, the most serious since the Lords threw out Earl Grey's Reform Bill. Archdeacon Denison writes to the above journal earnestly recommending the Conservative peers not to adopt the course which a week ago it was believed that they would adopt—that of suffering the Irish Church Bill to be read a second time. The Arch deacon (who some time ago prophesied that it would be necessary to fight with carnal weapons in behalf of that Church) says that the course referred to would be the one course which would make him finally despair of Church and State. Let the Peers throw the bill out boldly, and " give the people dine to come to their senses." If they will not do that, their own order and the Church in England are doomed. It must be confessed that Archdeacon Denison does prophesy when he is about it. LANDLORD TYRANNY IN. WALES. If the landlords of "Wales are not more cautious, next session may witness a land-law for the Princi pality as well as for Ireland. The state of Ireland just now ought to act as a sufficient warning to those who have power over tenants. But the impolicy of tyranny has not yet been • taaght to land owners. In Ireland the abuse of power has made the life of an owner of property insecure, has called forth from the tenants a very powerful demand that the land shall be handed ever to them. The tenants of Wales are more cool, more logical maybe, but the landlords there may also go too far—have indeed done so already., From state ments made at a meeting of Liberal members of ParliaMent, it appears that the Conservative landlords in many parts of Wales are serving notices to quit on the tenants who voted for the Liberals or remained neutral at the last election. One member stated that as many as two hundred tenants had received such notices. This is just the way to strengthen the hands of those who are energetically arguing that there can be no property in superlicies. MILITARY ITEMS. The Army and Nary Gazette believes that the office of Quartermaster -General will be abolished next year ; states that 'Vice-Admiral Sir 11. Keppel will probably return home in the Rodney, and in that case will be succeeded in the command of the China station by Vice-Admiral 11. Kellett, C.B. ; believes that Mr. Cardwell has taken the first step towards the preservation of the British cemeteries in the Crimea, by inquiring what the French have done, which, by the way, everybody knows already; and mentions that Colonel Bowan has at last returned to England, after more than a dozen years' residence in New York, where he has been looking after a law suit between our Government and that of the United States repecting a contract for arms supplied during the Russian war. Colonel Rowan has gained the suit ; but one would like to know the money cost of the victory. The Brcad Arrow states that H.M. gunboats In solent, - Weazel, and• Janus are to be sold out of the service ; that the military Manufacturing depart ments at Woolwich are henceforth to be under the Controller-in-Chief ; and that Sir James Waller, K.C.M.G., has been appointed Governor and Com mander-in-Chief of the Bahamas. CHURCH 1TE2.18. The Jan Bull gives a very different account of the meeting of Deans from that 1E in the morning papers a few days ago. The Dean of York, for instance, was for a scheme by which the dean and two canons should alp: - ays be residents, and the other two canonries being suppressed, the revenues should go to the establ:shment of a suffragan bishop. The Eishop of Gloucester was even more "revolutionary." • The same journal mentions that "at the request of an eminent Conservative statesman, the Church Institution will probably draft a ball to meet any . real hardships of I)iss'nters in not being allowed burial in churchyards. Its chief feature, we believe, will be the establish ment of a burial-ground in every union where any service may b 3 used. It has been pointed out that many Churchmen, whose parents and ancestors were DiEsenters, have an equal grievance in not being able to have burial by the side of their relatives solem nised according to the rites of the Church." It would seem, therefore, as if the old belief in the superior sancity of consecrated ground were dying out. The high Church party are, strange to say, greatly responsible for this. In order to keep their churches as free as possible from episcopal interference, not a few of them have decided to omit episcopal consecration, and content themselves with a simple dedication service. Of con r;:e, if this p :rty thus casts a slight upon consecration, it is 11J t ti.; be expected that the other parties in the Church will att Leh much importance to it. The Bishop of London is said to be taking counsel's opinion r.s to the legality of Mr. Pod ell and Mr. Le Geyt burning candles on a ledge above the altar. But it is belie :ed that one of these gentlemen themselves has already t:tl:en au oninio . which proved adverse to the practice. THE CONVERSION OF TEE JEWS. The Rev. Richard Parrott, the vicar of Amwell, writes to the Daily News on the conversion of the Jews :--" I have always thought," he says, " that of all shams that of the Society for the Conversion of the Jews' is the greatest that could be palmed upon a British public. It has been cal cu l a t e d that it costs £lO,OOO to convert one Jew, and then it is doubtful whether his conversion is genuine or not. I hold that we haVe no special mission to the Jews at all. Would the society kindly give the names and addresses of all those Jews that have been converted to Christianity within the last twelve months " Loma LYTTELTON OAS EDUCATION. Lord Lyttelton presided on Friday at the distri bution of prizes to the London district in connection with the Cambridge local examinations. In the course of an interesting speech, he urged that all schools should be placed under one management; that the voluntary system should no longer be depended upon solely;. that girls, as well as boys, should 'Tem% a really good education, instead. of bcing considered unfit forstudy; that crammingshould be abolished ; that the routine and parrot system should be discontinued; and that education in its wider sense should be adopted. COUNTY FMANCIAL BOARDS. The Economist attaches much more importance to Mr. Knatchbull-Ilugessen's County Financial Boards Bill than we have. Our contemporary considers that the bill is the " beginning of the end so far as the county magistracy is concerned. No one can affirm that the county business is well done now ; no one can doubt that the elected members of the Board will speedily shew themselves superior to the nominees of the Lord Chancellor, and that the control will pass from the hands of the latter into those of the former. The bill is the thin end of a large wedge, and its effect will grow in importance year by year as time goes on and old traditions wane. The Economist hopes that the judicial functions of the chairman of quarter sessions will not last long; "Those of petty sessions will, perhaps, last some time longer, because there is an undoubted convenience in having a large supply of judges very diffused to whom we pay nothing. but w e are no t ver y sure whether, if the clerk's fees' were duly examined, the system is so exceedingly cheap after all. Though the apparent judge is i r s r t a i t s e m s what adeNv e t l l e w l not paid, the real judge—the man who tells the ( a )r w th is th — e is wl7i e le ll r id. ood So a m tto ei r i n o e w y magistrates or to attend in each county each one of o the a g many courts of I petty sessions, which he would not do for nothing ; and if that fund was well applied, it would very likely be enough to pay some good trained men to decide both really and avowedly. The Spectator takes a very different view of the bill, and joins with us in thinking the measure most in adequate ; says, in fact, that " it is a most wretchedly weak one," and that the introduction of it is the first weak thing the Government has done. The Satur day Ber:ew supports the bill apparently bezause it effects so little. THE " SATURDAY REVIEW" ON THE DERNIISSIVE DILL. The Saturday Review is grievously disappointed. It had hoped to have had in the Permissive Bill this year the subject for the ordinary kind of article against the supporters of the measure. In epigram, sarcasm, and banter, the Sa'Urday Review isunrivalled. - When it has to t Cie to argument it does so with very bad grace. But all its contemporaries have descended or Ilscended to give their reasons for opposing the bill, and the Ba!urday Review must perforce do the same. Our contemporary likes nothing riliativcr connected with the measure. The title—PermiSSive, Prohibitory—is anomalous ; its permissive character is bad ; its prohibitory ob:ect is worse. . The reviewer charges the sup porters of the measure with ignoring the universal application of truth. If it is right that public-houses should be shut up cltogether in one locality, it is right that they should be closed in another. But it is not right, he goes on to argue, that they should be closed at all. Human nature ought not to submit to such a tyranny. As to the public safety being the supreme law, safety - certainly does not lies in calling into existence an infuriated minority smarting under a sense of oppression. That drunkenness is the source of all the disease and crime that is charged against it, may be more easily said than Proved. It is not right to force total absti nence upon any. If we prohibit in one case, " let na ennlistent and brine into Parliament some THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY: . EVENINcI-,__ , MAy . 170869. otrer p^rza s sive prohibitory. mea s l_ire which s It deal with other tendezielirsof CO -- flesh. to e‘lil had riotous living." But the Saturday Review thinks something must be done—something will be done next session. The present licensing system is doomed. The brewers' monopoly must be reformed, the excise licenses must be altered, beerliouses must be repressed, some guarantees must be given for the orderly management of public-houses, the Legislature must require pure drinks to be sold. up country, the insep,trable difficulty still remains to fhe Free:fitideis of appl3, ing BrifiSrprinciiira to America, where the--circumstances • are wholly dissimilar. Economic laws are regulated by nature, and nature is universal ; therefore the economic law which benefits England must benefit America. This is vei y fine in theory, but it no more answers in practice than giving Tom and Hams the same dose, or insisting on JACK and JIM having a like taste. We do not now discuss whether Protection or Free Trade be best suited to the present circumstances of the United States ; but we are sensible of the powerful weapon weilded by the Free-traders in the assertion that protection means, in a greater or lesser degree, monopoly ; monopoly means benefiting the few at the expense of the many ; therefore it is the antithesis of the Republican doctrine which main tains the equality of all or benefits the many at the expense of the few. Yet this is the very point the Protectionists dispute, who say, if you take the world, perhaps yes, but if you take the Repub lic, certainly no. The point of the Free-traders attack is that the citizens of the United States are unfairly mulcted to supply undue profits to a few cliques. The great guns of the garrison reply no ; this fortress is the national security and strong hold. It is true we benefit, but only with -the na tion, more especially the workmen, and in no more than a just degree to those who build up the manu factures of America and create her industries. These manufactures and industries are the nation's civilization and strength ; they are wealth to - the poor, and employment to the industrious. Admit the fabrics of foreigners, and the pauper labour of Europe is placed ou an equality with the highly paid and heavily taxed American artisans; and you break down not only the growing national indus tries, but the sources of your present and future revenues. The Free-traders answer, let American industry be employed in the direction wherein it is most profitable. By the present system it is artifi cially diverted into such channels as most pay cliques who control "rings," and best know how to "lobby." The whole system is artificial, mistaken, and na tionally false.. Leave industry to nature and the instinct of the people ; cease the attempt to control natural laws by Congress, which only generates corruption, and entails even more loss by turning labour into false courses than by fleecing the people to gorge monied oligarchies. A great Protection Meeting has been held in Philadelphia in reply to the Free-trade gathering at Boston. The Hon. MORTON M'MICIIAEL, who was called to occupy the chair, stated that the object was to con sult and take action for the Protection of home industrial pursuits. He deemed it time to make counter efforts to those of the Free Trade League, who were spending large sums in disseminating its opinions. The report was read, which showed that the Industrial League of Pennsylvania was not far behind in this respect, the National Ameri can and the Industrial American having been widely circulate", besides petitions and journals. As Congress would receive at its next session a report from the Committee of Ways and Means on the revision of the Tariff, it was desirabl3 for them to take early measures for impressing their views on that Committee. First, they assert the home markets to be infinitely more imp)rtant than foreign commerce ; next, that the possession of these gives them financial independence, ad vancing arts and civilization ; then they maintain that this can only be achieved by Peoteotion ; the sixth resolution advises the establishment of a bureau to -watch over the development of new in dustries, and sea how they are acted on by tariff legislation ; -and they finally state experience to have shown that low prices in manufactured goods can only be attained through domestic production. The subject is of the greater interest, as around the standards of Protection and Free Trade must rally the political parties about to be formed in the United States. General SCIIENCK occupies a posi tion which giVes him great influence in Washing ton, and if he makes a tour through the manufac turing towns of England, the leaders in them . ought to know that he is a veritable lion. The Round Table advocates a Reform Club for New York, and suggests the Free-Trade League as the neuclus or basis of such ari organization. It points to the power of the Carlton, Brooks, and the Re form Clul's in Lon lon and the Union League Asso ciations in America. The souu mess of the prin ciples of Free-'trade are now more generally believed, as that journal asserts, and if the Free-Trade party seize-the opportunity thus to organize themselves, it considers that the " push and eclat" . would ma terially benefit the cause. found and applied ; if not, Engla . VAi - eretll danger lies, as well A th'e - FarreriTie .. settlement of the A.liabarlia claims on any terms in removing such a grievance. The question resolves itself into this—Cad her :MAJESTY'S subjects concede to American feeling the realization of that, Americans hold to be a destiny almost profane to contend against ? We believe that England, so far as she comprehends the position, has given an emphatic response, which underlies every article treating of the American difficulty. The principle is conceded of the colonists' right to determine their own future so far as. Providence permits—that it is for them to decide whether their country should or should not enter the Union. If so, no objection would be raised in England; if not, nothing less than the de feat of the British Empire in arms, could achieve such a result. This is fair, and ought to beknown through out the States, where the position is misunderstood. Emphatically, then, the question is one to be decided in America, England only lookiog on to see fair flay. And it is this truth that we desire earnestly to itnprea3 on the Washington Government, for we feel satisfied that had it been fully understood, Mr. SUMNER'S great blunder would never have been committed. For Senator CHANDLER no one cares, as he finds a worthy place in the Fenian org iniza tion, which has done so much to defeat the Ameri can aspiration when ripening to fruition. The idea on which such men as the latter work is that coarse and .vulgar one not unfrequently adopted in Eng land by a servant who desires to enforce an unjust charge. On the calculation that the time and the disagreeables would far outweigh the annoyance of having to concede the demand, the servant threatens and carries the case to the County Court. Either the gentleman concedes or compromises, or he re sists, when startling statements are manufactured for the Court, and perhaps both sides find their conduct can bear an astonishing interpretation. By. threats Of Fenian invasion, by the cloud of-Michi gan veunteers gathering at Detroit, to burst in a devastating storm over the richest parts of Canada by that nagging irritation and the interference with free commercial intercourse, such men imagine that the Canadiansmay he driven for the sake of peace and security into the Union. The application of the same sauce to England is attended, they consi der, with even a better effect. The constant menace of war means no insecurity to British homes, al though it may end in a great drain on the British purse and loss of British life ; but to Canada it means invasion, a repetition up North of the desola tion spread down South, cities in flames, and RACHELS weeping over their slain sons. It kills also two birds with one stone, for they know that England does not set much store in a material way on her pos - iessions in North America, while she consideis a war with the United States the greatest calamity that could befall. Suppose that by ceding provinces to her of no value she could shake off this incubus, escape this ever-threatening danger, and cease to be haunted by this nightmare? Here is a motive for the policy which will su g gest itself to such minds as that of Mr. CHANDLER,;er haps none the less readily because a coarse and brutal expedient. Now the attitude of England, as well as of. Canada is a-fair answer. If the colonists can be persuaded to cast in their lot with the Union, persuade them, and we are content, says England ; we are the arbiters of our destiny, says Canada, and under all circumstances we will maintain this right, which, being interpreted, means exactly the same ; while both speak emphatically in unison as to their determination to resist by force any attempt at coercion against either. This manly course is not only f,tir, but that alone which could command American respect; and in adhering to this simple programme the Republic can thoroughly un derstand the position, which is, that the end can be gained by concession and the force of argument, in a word, making it the interest of the'Canadas to enter the Union ; while it cannot be gained by threats, exaggerate.) pretensions, or war. In a former article we showed that the conquest of Canada was not the danger of England, but the danger of America, that such plucking turned it into Dead Sea fruit, pleasant to the eye, but ashes on the lip, and men like Mr. CHANDLER might well consider what it really means. There is no more fatal inheritance to a nation than a conquered terri tory inhabited by a high-spirited and energetic people. The Battle of Bannockburn did not save Scotland half so much as England, • although the greatest defeat ever inflicted on the latter. In re pelling conquest Scotland prepared a genial, hearty, and equal union ; but, diaaStrOuS day for England ! she did conquer Ireland; and lef - Atrieyiea, tell what the consequence has been. Does Mr. SU3INER think that the end of the Confederate War is now ? Generations must pass away before the full effects of that struggle are realised, and no man lives who can predict how far the seeds of disunion have therein been sown. There is a poetry in war ; a sentiment that penetrates to the soul of a people, and the Re public is one of the most striking illustrations of what we assert. The War of Independence was a great American triumph, yet deeply embedded in it are the roots of that tree of hatred to the mother country which has flourished so vigorously. Is a war of triumph to be followed by that great growth of bitterness, but a still vaster war of defeat to leave no trace ? With reviving prosperity — the fact ought not to be ignored—may revive in the South a sentiment difficult to deal with. Over every battle-field, through every captured city, along SHERMAN'S devastating march, will pass the Southern tourist when Senator SUMNER will be known as one who lived generations ago, and even the descendants of those tow settling in the places made vacant by that awful strife will be imbued with Southern sympathy and identify themselves with the Southern armies in that fierce struggle. Let those who desire to have the American aspiration realized, not deceive themselves on this most vital point--that the conquest of Canada can hasten the fulfilment of the destiny, for deliberately, calmly, we assert, that,—and that only, can and surely would defeat it. On the strength of the Southern feeling against the Union that crushed them must in a measure binge that continental unity, and on . ,the way in which it is soothed and treated by the conquerors; but those who desire to smash up every chance of a continental go vernment other than on the Russian plan will proceed to the conquest of Canada. Nor would it even have the excuse of the necessity thatthere was one way only, and the Republic was compelledtroketidikethiatt for we believe her path is so clearly wa none except the morally blin i cica d n as fsahiolultdo go ;all a i l t l . England is willing- that the tdaoa . the Republic then has to do is to discover what the inducement is that would bring these provinces into the Union. This would soon be known when the question was raised and agitated, the pros and cons being debated aad understood by the people. We believe, with the vast body of Americans, that the ineatest gain,ers would be the Canadians ; but that the United States and England would also gain in a secondary degree. If so, our trust must be in discussion and time, as sure to accomplish the object, and this then is our advice—Drop these irritating questions ; let the United Kingdom understand that in such a: union a finer field still would be open to her emigrants and to her commerce, that the Re public would see England's best proof of good-will iu leaving the matter to be settled between the colonists andthe Union, and that when they arrived at the decision of which we feel confident, England would shake hands and part politically, to be united all the more strongly hereafter in a commercial union and in a kinship of which both are proud.— Anglo-ilmeriean Times. ,nd can at least ANGLO-AMERICAN TELEGRAPH COMPANY (LI miTED.)— The following is a return of the statistics of traffic of tho above named company under the £2O, £lO, £5 55., and £1 is. Gd. tariffs:—Under the £2O tariff— Number of messages from July 28, 1866, to Oct. 31, 1866, 2,772; daily aver Age number of messages, 29; average amount per day, .C 505. Under the £lO tariff—Number of mesTiges from Nov. 30, 1866, to Nov. 30, 1867, 25,020 ; daily average number of messages, 61 ; average amount per day, £579. Under the £5 s s . tariff—Numbr of mes sages froaknee. 31, 1867, to August 31, 1868. 35,974; daily average Humber of messages, 131 ; average amount per day, £635. Under the £3 is. Gd. tariff—Number of mes sages from Sept. 30, 18f8, to April 30, 1869, 52,403; daily average number of Messages, 216 ; average amount per da , DUNVILLE and Co., Belfast, are the largeft holders of 'Whisky in the world. ' Their Old Irish Whisky is re commended by the medical profession in preference to French Erandy. Supplied in casks and cases for hOme use or exporta tion. Quotations on application to Messrs. Dunville and Co., Belfast; or 4, Beaufort-buildings, Strand, Loudon, W.O .4Ad-: Vatisemcnt MONEY AND BUSINESS. • ~ s - '34'l (From the, Springfield Republican, Myy 1.) An abundance of funds and low rates of interest have been the features of the money market for the past week, though the even tenonr of affairs has once or twice been disturbed by a temporary spasm of stringency and scarcity. Seven per cent., and in some cases less, has been the pre vailing rate at New York, while at Boston the banks are generally asking a little higher. The demand in many cases is purely speculative, and the market is consequently in a rather uncertain and sensitive condition. The call for money in the stock market is steadily increasing and there seems to be no difficulty about the remunerative em ployment of all surplus capital. The opening of naviga tion ou the lakes this week will probably stimulate the movement of currency, but there is no reason to suppose that will draw any great amount from New York to the %Vest. The "West is already largely indebted to the East, and the New 1 ork banks have been steadily receiving remittances from the West for several weeks past, and the disposal of the remnants of last year's crops will hardly do more than restore the balance. The statement by th national banks of their condition on the 17th ult., in ac cordance with the recent circular of Controller Hulbur,l, presents a favourable exhibit, and the last weekly staL meat of the New York banks was a very satisfactory one. Every item, loans, specie, deposits, clic., shows an increase, except circulation, which is reduced $350,000 ou account of the withdrawal of the Bank of North America from the national banking system. The Western market shows a steady improvement, the call for loans being only much rate, while the bankers' resources are increasing. The _ _ stringency which has been so severe through the winter has entirely passed away, and loans are now firm and steady at 10 per cont. annual interest. The general aspect of the market east and west indicates a favourable situa tion, and moderate rates of interest through the summer. The announcement that the United States would com mence selling gold on Thursday of this week and the ad vance of our bonds in London checked the rise in gold for a day or two in the early part of the week, but the specu lative influences were subsequently sot at work and forced up the premium again. There is great diversity of opinion among financiers and politicans as to the expediency of the sales of Treasury gold at this time, and aneequal uncer tainty as to the reason for Secretary BoutWell's actions. In his advertisement of the sale be does not indicate whether the disposal of the surplus gold is effected merely to supply the current needs of the Government for money, or whether it is a part of the financial policy of his Admi nistration. It is certain that the amount of gold now in the Treasury is unusually large, and that the currency balance at the Now York Sub-Treasury is small—on Sa turday night it was only 93,400,000, a much lower figure than has been reached for many years. But if the Govern ment wants money the best way to get it would be either to reduce the expenses or collect the revenues, and it is particularly desirable for the strength and efficiency of the new Administration, in which economy, honesty, and purity were to form such prominent elements, that it should not adopt any measures tending to 'shake - popu lar confidence in its policy. The Sinking Fund Law, enacted in February, 1862, which requires all coin re ceived by the Government for customs to be set aside as a special fund, an d applied, first, to the payment of the interest on the public debt, and then to constitute a sink • iug fund for the redemption of one-fourth of the debt annually, also stands in the way of sales of gold by the Secretary of the Treasury, and it was wily by subst•tnti ally disregarding this Act that Mr. M'Culloeh was able to keep up his sales of gold, redeeming with the pro ceeds $30,000,000 of Treasury paper. It is possible that Mr. Boutwell finds his authority for the sale of gold in the clause of the Public Credit Act, which provides that the United States Bonds shall not be paid or redoemed before maturity, and regards this as a substantial repeal of the Sinking Fund Act, or at least of that portion of it directing the redemption of one per cent. annually of the debt. But whatever the reason of Mr. Boutwell's sales of gold at the present time it would have been desirable if he had made it public, that the country may know and un derstand what is to be the financial policy of the Adminis tration. Mr. Boutwell has always boon supposed to be in favour of retaining the gold in the Treasury, and on the accumulation of a sufficient amount expending it in the redemption of United States Bonds, and it would be inte resting to know whether his present action is an expedient for a temporary purpose, or a part of his permanent policy. In any event there is no doubt that the gold will be sold honestly and honourably; not secretly and with favourit ism, as under the 3PCulloch Administratione•aud with the public advertisement and announcement of the sales, the fact itself is of no great consequence. United States securities are strong and steadily advanc ing. Two or three. days this week the market has been entirely bare of Five-twenties of the earlier issues, and those of the 1862 series have uniformly sold above 120. The foreign May coupons continuo to arrive in large quantities, and their proceeds aro immediately invested in Government boncl4—over a million of dollars having been plaCed in this way during the past week. The amount of interest due on the May coupons, which lire those attached to the Five-twenties of 1862, 1864, and old 186 will be nearly $25,000,000, and its payment, with tho sales' of Treasury gold, will reduce the coin on hand to a low figure. The public debt statement for May, which will be out promptly on the first day of the month, will show a reduction of $2,0i0,000 in the liabilities of the Govern ment during .the month, a fact which is of course favour able to the new Administration. The expenditures, how ever, have not been particularly large, and tie receipts for customs have been unusually heavy. The payment of the May interest and the reduction of the revenue, con sequent upon the charges of assessors and collectors,which is expected to appear during this month, may, however, produce an increase in the indebtedness in the Jun 3 re port. The reduction of expenses, by the discharge of a few hundred clerks the Washington department will not amount to much, nor can any important economical reforms be effected without considerable time. Plenty of money aad a strong bull combination have kept the stock balloon at New York well inflated and steadily sustained. The increasing probability of favour able action by the Legislature in legalizing the 80 per Cent. Stock Certificates of the New York Central, has kept that road at the top of the ladder, while all the smaller concerns are steadily shouting " Excelsior," and following the upward movement. Vanderbilt's brokers continue to purchase heavily of the stock of his own roads, and all signs indicate that he intends to accom plish his prophecy that Central Stock would be worth 200 i n Wall street before winter. It is also reported that Vanderbilt is arranging .for a liberal scrip dividend on the stock of all the roads comprising his grand through route to the West by the Lake Shore, bring ing these to the standard of the New York Central preparatory to a . general consolidation .fream Albany or New York to Chicago. The advance in the ether rail way stocks is principally referable to tho firmness of the Central, and the situation is daily becoming one of in creasing interest. The Herald correctly remarks—" If, on the one hand, this sudden appreciation of value is based upon the expected prosperity of the country in the ensu ing future, it is only what the more enthusiastic have pro phesied ever since the Administration of Gen. Grant was decided upon by a majority of the people of the United States. If, on the other hand, it is the work of the cliques and combinations of Wall-street, who have conspired to advance 'prices to make a market for their long-hoarded stocks, its success is stupendous." The Erie Road has at last secured its coveted entrée into Cincinnati, 0.; by a ten years' lease of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, and at the same time comes the announcement that the Penn sylvania Central has leased the new road from Cincinnati to Louisville, Kentucky, thus securing through and direct Southern connections. The Pennsylvania Road is also operating in the north-west, and is building a fleet of six steamers to ply between Du Ludt, Minnesota, the pro spective terminus of the St. Paul and Lake Superior Rail . road, and outlet of all the Minnesota grain trade and Erie, .Pennsylvania, and the wisdom of the policy will doubtless be clearly apparent on the completion of the railroad, for _Du Luth is no further by water from New York than is Chicago. The trade in dry goods is not large, the backwardness of the season, and the interruption of travel by the spring freshets, both having an unfavourable influence. Tho tendency of prices for all kinds of manufactured goods is downward, and the cotton markets of the Southern ports are also dull and inactive. Summer fabrics and now styles of prints find their readiest sale, but the tone of the mar ket is not favourable. Most of the newly-imported goods are sent to the auction rooms, and the results are not very encouraging to the importers. Tho wheat and flour mar ket has improved, and under unfavourable advices from Europe and a diminution of stock considerable business has been done, and prices have advanced. The effect of the recent heavy defalcation at New York has nearly: passed, and business is again settling to a firm and sound basis. Tho Cambridge and Brighton cattle markets have • turned in favour of the consumer this week, and good, beef is nearly $1 per hundred lower in consequence of the large supply of cattle at market. (From the New York Tribune, Mayi.) Government Bonds were strong and active at the open ing of business, but receded i, to per cent. under a pres sure to realise the advance of the past two days. At the decline there were large orders to buy, and the market had a strong appearance. The Secretary of the Treasury created a very favourable impression in finan cial circles, and his d. ti,rmination to put the Eiuk ing • Fund Law into operation meets with universal commen-latiou. It is understood that as his plans are perfected, lie will commence to convert his gold balance into bonds, and that he will so arrange his transactions as to be entirely free from any speculative com binations. The effect of this movement will be to advance the price of our bonds in gold to a point that it will ha cor respondingly easy to float a long bond at low rates of interest. _ [No people can . have their pudding and eat it ; those who` threaten war and advance demands for which their is no solution but war may serve political, but not finan cial ends. Senator Sumner's Speech has deferred the .period when such a loan could be floated.—En. A. A. 1' Money was easy at 6to 7 per cen►. on call. Commer- cial paper at 8 to 9 per cont. fur piime names. The bulk of transactions were made at the loviest rates: t the close money was more active, but all borrowers Were sup -13114d at leghrrifteS: 11 "." .4 " ' - Stelling exchange was firm at quotations. London (prime bankers'), 60 days, 1091 ; London (prime bankers') sight, 109 1094 ; Loudon (prim., commercial), 60 day?, 1081 1081; Paris (bankers'), long, 5 181 5 171; Paris (bankers), short, 5 161 5 15; Antwerp, 5 211-5 181 ; Swiss, 5 211 5 181 ; Hamburg, 351 31 j ; Amsterdam (bankers'), 401 401 ; Frankfort (bankers') 401 to 401; Bremen (bankers') 781 to 781 ; Berlin (bankers), 71 to 711. The transactions at the office of the United States As sistant Treasurer were : —Receipts for Customs, $373,000 ; for Gold Notas, $17,000 ; total receipts, $3,310,141 53. Total payments, $2,433,719 19. Balance, $83,754,775 49. The closing quotations of Government Bonds were as follows: Sixes, 1861, registered ll7 to 1171 Sixes, 1881, coupon ll7} to 114 Sixes, 1868, coupon U.S. 6s. Pacific Rail' oad lO4l to 1041 Five-twenties, 1862, coupon Five-twenties, 1864, coupon Five-twenties, 1865, coupon Five-twenties, 1835, coupon, new Five-twenties, 1867, coupon . . . U.S. 5-20 Coupons, 1868 llsk to 115 k Ten-forties, coupon lO5 to 1061 Seven-thirties, 2d series Seven-thirties, 3d series Oregon War Loan, Sixes, 1881 — to The following were the bids for New York City Bank Stocks:— New York Ocean Merchants' Mechanics' America Phenix lO5l Manhattan Seventh Ward State of Now York Commerce American Exchange llO Bank of the Republic ll7l And the following for Rai. N. Y.,Central Gs, 1883... 92 N. Y. Central Os, 1881... 92 N. Y. Central 6s, R Est.. 881 N. Y. Central Gs, Sub'n.. 881 N. Y. Central 7s, 1876... N. Y. Cen. 78, con. 76 ... N. Y. Cen. 7s, '65-'76 ... Erie lst Mort, Ex 100 Erie 7s, 2d Mort, 1879 931 Erie 7s, 3d Mort, 1883 89 Erie 7s, 4th Mort, 1880 80 Erie 78,5 th Mort, 1888 Long Dock Bonds Buff. N.Y. & E.lst 31, '77 BB Hurl. R. 7s, Ist M, '69 1001 Hud. 11. 7s, 3d M, '75 — Harlem Ist M, '6B '72 102 Mich. C. Ist M, 69'72 — Mich. new Ist M 'B2 118 Mich. So., 7 p. c. 2d M 941 N. Ind. Goshen Line '6B Mich.S.&N.l.S.F'd7p.c. 99i 111. Cen. 7 p. c, '7O 120 Alton & T. H. let M Bank of North America 1091 Nassau lO5 Commonwealth ll4 Importers and Traders' 132 Metropolitan Central National Fourth National lO4 Ninth National Oriental Bank l5O Hanover Corn Exchange l3O Chatham l5O (road Bonds : Chi. & N. W. Ist M 92 Tol. & Wab. 2d M Ex B6 Gt. Western 2d Ai '93 BO Mil. & Pr. du Ch. Ist M — Gal. & Chic. Ext. Gal. Ethic. 2d M 95 Chi. & R. I. Ist M 99/ Chi. R. I. & Pacific 7's 95 Cleve. & Tol. S. Fund 99 N. J. Central Ist M 100 N. J. Central 2d M 100 Pitts. Ft.W., & Ch. Ist M 102 Pitts. Ft. \V , & Ch.2(111 96i Pit ts. Ft. W., & Ch. 3d M — Cleve. & Pitts. 3d 51 91 Chic. & Alton, S. F. Inc. 90 Chic. & Alton, S.F. lstM.lol. Mil. & St. Paul lst M 921 Mil. & St. Paul ,2d M B2 Marietta & Cin. Ist M B7 Morris & Essex Ist M 99i Morris & Essex 2d AI 92 Joilet & Chic. Ist M — Chi. & Gt. East'n lstM — N. Y. & N. 11. 65...... 93: Dubuque & S. City, Ist M.:90 Peninsula let AI B5 Ohio & Miss. Ist M 92 Ohio & Miss. Con B3 Tol. P. W. Ist M. E. D — Atlantic & G. W. 2d M BO Alton &T.H. 2d pfd B2 Alton &T. 11. 2d AL Inc 80 Han.& St.J. LandGrantslo3 Han. & St. J. Con 112 Chi. B. & Q., Ist 31 — Chi. & N. West, S. F 95 Chi. & N. W. Coa Cony 96i Chi. & N. W. Ex'n B — Messrs. Drexel and Co., Philadelphia, report that on April 30 the latest sales in Pennsylvania Railroad Shares were 591 59; ; Sixes, Ist Mortgage, 90 95k; 2d Mort gage, 9195. OUP, FOOD PROSPECTS. The Pall Mall Gazette takes credit to itself that, in an article published about a year ago, it indulged in somewhat confident predictions as to a coming period of cheap bread. Those predictions, says our contemporary, have been verified even to a greater ex tent than it expected ; for the average price of wheat has declined from 745. 2d. to 445. 9d. per quarter, sliming that wheat is now nearly 30s. per quarter lower than it was twelve months since. The ques tion next arises, What are the prospects of the future ? and the answer is that they are excellent. The growing wheats generally present a favourable appearance in Trance; and when bread is plentiful in France it is cheap in Europe. In our own country also the appehrance of the fields is encouraging. The contemplated reduction of the Is. now levied on corn imparted into the United Kingdom must have the effect of rendering foreign supplies generally Is. per quarter cheaper. Of course a war with the United States would very much alter the aspect of affairs. Such a war would stop all wheat supplies from the States, and probably from British America also. To remove the large Ameri can supplies from the British wheat markets would be a serious matter, although the progress of agri culture in Russia and Hungary might perhaps prove to a considerable extent, if not altogether, a compen sation. On the whole, it is satisfactory to know that there is every reason to believe that we shall still be able to enjoy the blessings of a cheap loaf. THE EMIGRATION OF DOCKYARD LABOURERS. A correspondent at Quebec, who writes to the Times, expresses surprise that dockyard labourers and artizans should be about to be shipped off to Canada. -The shipbuilding trade there is declining ; a surplusage of labourers. already exists; the wages are very low indeed ' • trades unions are very strong; and the prospect of that kind of latour is very poor indeed. Warm clothing has been very carefully provided for these emigrants to wear in a country in which the temperature at this time of the year is higher than in England. THE MONEY MARKET. The Economist approves the conduct of the Bank directors in not raising the rate of discount last week. Our contemporary says "at present the posi tion is the exact contrary to that on which we remarked last week. Then the public were thronging on the Bank, because no one else had anything to lend, and they were in a great hurry, because they feared if they stayed at all they would be charged more. But now the general public have got more money than they want. In their haste they have outstripped their wants. Accordingly the private deposits. have increased, because the merchants who have discounted their bills place the money at their bankers. In consequence, the outer' market is for the moment comparatively rich, while last week it was exceedingly poor." SIR SAIIL'EL BAKER'S EXPEDITION. The Telegraph gives some interesting information concerning Sir Samuel Baker's expedition to the Nile. It contains some startling statements. We are told that he is going at the head of a snpil army, admirably equippeq, which will, no doubt, ti fitted in all ways to serve its master, the Viceroy of Egypt. Ile will also have a small flotilla of \yell-armed river vessels. The Viceroy means to annex the whole of the Whitt Nile territory. In doing so he intends to abolish the traffic in slaves, which is at present the great curse of that region so highly favoured by nature. To accomid . sli Ms purposes he has secured the services of Sir Samuel Baker, who has accepted the coMmand in an earliest and humane spirit. The Telegraph goes on to sly . that " it is probable that his mission will not be accomplished without the neces sity of severe fighting with some of the tribes to whose homes he w7ll penetrate." The Tele sraph is of opinion that if war is necessary, Sir Samuel . will certainly be in the right ; but it by no means follows ; and at any rite we hope that he Will go to obtain more territory for the Khedive under the protection of that sovereign, and not claim the arms of England to support him in his expedition. The distinguished explorer left England on the sixth inst. THE COLLECTION OF MANUSCRIPT'. The commissioners appointed to examine the many scattered manuscriptsr:Which ths cinntry possesses evidently mean busincss." But they are met with much prejudice on the threshold. Those who posses= collections of papers, do! not like to have their private Comments overlvinlcd. There has, on this account, been .issued a eireiCar Ceclar:np, that no pap , .!rs will lie soized ; that the country wid rob no privatoperson whatsoever. L:st: will be made of - in: p .rtant dis3Jvc.wie3, but these will be withheld frim the public if the possessor so wish. No secrets whatever will Lt divulged; nothing with? removcdvhich the owners do not wish to have taken for shelter. o - ult roimm nr.nors. The "golden youtlt" - .: have been .at it again. Pigeons by the dozen have fallen victims to their prowess. This was the more creditable to their valour, because, the wind being high, " the odds were Considerably in favour of _ the birds getting away to die." In spite of this formidable ally in the person of iEolus, nobles and M.P.'s and gallant Officers came off grandly victorious. The electors of Wey mouth will be glad to learn that their representative is not only against the disestablishinent of the Irish Church, and" against the adoption of the Ballot if it can possibly be avoided," but is . also one of the greatest picreon-killers of the 7 Ctly. But while Captain darks Joseph Theophilus' llambro- slew his thousands, Viscount Holmesdalc slew his tens of thousands. his lordship ," displayed fine form for the .fifth event, when he killed ten in succession." No.doubt his lordship's experience induced him to think that slaying pigeons at llurlingham Park was better than being " severely wounded at hiker mann." The band of the Fusileers was in attend ance ; it is not stated if it played " See the Conquer ing Hero comes:' OBITUARY. is Several Captain de tt list insc hLT 8 1 7 i: it r m hst year.i het This •galtult officer formerly represent?,d Bath.• He was first elected in. 1851, on the accession of the present Earl of Shaftesbury (then Lord Ashley) to the peerage. On ,that occasion, and also in 1852, ho underwent a . severe contest. ln 1857 he did not come forward, but was suc ceeded by Sir Arthur Elton. Captain Scobell served under Nelson and Collingwood.—Major James Leith, V.C., who has \just died at half the age of Captain Scobell, had a distinguished military career. He was in the Persian expedition of 1857, and served through the greater part of the Indian mutiny, and was twice mentioned in the despatches. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for conspicuous bravery at Betwa on the Ist of April, 1858, in having charged alone and rescued Captain Need, of his regi-, ment, when surrounded by a large number of rebel infantry. He entered the army in May 1840, and for a time served in the Scots Greys. In recog nition of his distinguished services he was promoted to major in July 1858, and in May 1803 was appointed to the Honourable Corps 'of Gehtletten- at- Arms.—Maj or-G en eral Christie, C. 8., served in India nearly half a century ago, and was present at the siege of Bhutpore. He was in the Afghan war, aild also in all the great battles with the Sikhs. He was made a C.B. in 1807.—We have to announce also the death of Colonel R. P. Warden, director of the Land Transport Corps in Abyssinia, which event took place at Poona.; and that of Colonel.Gawler, an old Peninsula and Waterloo officer.—By the death of Mai or-G encral Sir E. Wetherall, a good-service pension of £lOO a year is vacant. FREE TRADE IN AMERICA. (From the Anglo-American Times.) General SCHENCK'S visit to Europe has this sig nificance, that he is the Chairman of Ways and Means, on whom rests so much of the fiscal policy of the United States ; and it is not improbable that he desires to traverse the same European ground as Special Commissioner WELLS to acquaint himself with the facts which tended so much to colour that gentleman's Report. The coining battle in America is Free Trade versus Pr)tection. The latter is in possession of the citadel, and is strong in the affec tion and faith of the people in its doctrines. This question was one of the si le issues involved in the great civil strife, and that the Confederates fought for Free Trade does not recommend it to the mass of the na7ion, nor that this was in a mea sure the reason why English sympathy was given to that side. Butsentitnent cannot outweigh argument, and if the doctrines of the Protectionists be false, this must appear sooner or later in their working. However imaginative and sentimental, Americans are nevertheless an eminently practical people ; and if, which we bY no means assert, the Free-traders can prove their opponents to be upholding an error injurious to the country, the beginning of the end of Protection dawns. The arguments on either sidenre plausible,. and nokunfrequently very strong ; but although England - professes to have solved the problem, and to have proved her solution by a career of marvellous prosperity in an old, blocked- SENATOR SUMMER'S SPEECH. If Englishmen would enter into American feel ing they would better comprehend the antagonistic attitude lately assumed by the Republic. As we have again and again stated the ruling passion is for unity; one Dominion for the Northern Continent of Ararr:ca. Whatever favours this receives hearty support and sympathy; whatever militates against it creates opposition, and even hostility. To un-. derstand the strength of the feeling an Englishman must imagine all Europe united under one sway, which left the utmost freedom to the poorest indi viduals at the extremities of the Continent. .They must imagine all power centreing in the people, each citizen being a partner in the Government ; they must imagine one . code of laws, one language, with all their ramifications which unify currency and commercial transactions, which sponge out frontier lines necessitating armies, measures which so eco nomize the labour and means of the inhabitants as materially to add to their prosperity and happiness. The idea then is a great one ; so very great as to be worth almost any sacrifice to achieve. Putting aside the corruption, the disunion, the clashing in terests, we freely admit, it is still certain that with a marvellous rapidity the Union is advancing to wards that grand idea of the mass of its citizens. Compare what ELSANAII WATSON predicted in 1815 on the progress of population in the United States, with the actual facts, and the advance in popula tion, that main element of power, will be seen In 1810 it was 7,239,903. The increase from 1790, the first census under the Constitution, has been about one third of each census. Admitting that it will continue to increase in the same ratio, the result will be as follows : ' In 1820 9,625,734 [lt was 9,638,1511 In 1830 12,833,615 [lt was 12,866,0201 In 1840 11,116,526 [lt was 17,062,5661 In 1850 23,185,368 (It was 23,191,8761 ; In 1860 _31,753,824 [lt was 31,445,089] lu 1870 42,328,432 In 1880 s 56,450,241 - In 1890 77,266,989 In 1900 100,355,985 Now what is it that England has been attempting to do in conjunction with her North American subjects. To establish an Empire, which, when fairly founded, might prevent for ever the realization of the Ame rican—it may be—dream. The Provinces, as Upper and Lower Canada, as Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, as Hudson's Bay Territory and British Columbia, were regarded as so many embryo States in process of being reclaimed, peopled, and civilized to take • their places in the Union. The mother country thus employed was engaged in a good work upon which America might smile benignly. But, in uniting these territories into a single Dominion, with a Central Government, whose writ will run over the brohdest part of the continent, from the Atlan tic to the Pacific, Englan I is engaged in erecting a powerin rivalry to the United States ; in balancing in America the strength of an overgrown Republic, hereafter perhaps to be dangerous to Europe. That the erection of the Dominion might answer the pur pose intended by its founders is the very reason why it should be.. obnoxious to Americans. Yet, while actually completing the purchase of the Hudson Bay Territories, and projecting a grand trunk rail road through the new Dominion, who - se terminus will be on the Pacific, Englishmen appear to be wholly unconscious that they are offending against the most cherished aspirations of the Republic. They are unable to comprehend why the treaty for settling the Alabama claims framed by ANDREW JOHNSON'S, Administration should have been so contemptuously rejected by the Senate and the new Adm!nistration, but more than all they are unable to understand how Canada comeS to be •niixed up with the Con , vent ion. Here is the key, and it is as well that Eng-' land should have it, for the first necessity is to know the teal source of irritation. If there be a remedy, Low that the sore is exposed, it may be TRAINING REPORTS. LEWES. —Ethus continues in good health and goes well ; ho does his g hops from a mile and a half to a mile and three-quarters every day, led by Wrestler or Witness. I should certainly like to see him go a little faster than he does, as it is drawing near to the Derby. I have never seen him have a sweat ; in fact, I have never seen Drewitt sweat one of his horses. It is reported hero that Ethus will be sent to Newmarket to be tried. STANTON.—At Bath we have Lady Evelyn filly entered for the Somersetshire Stakes and Dyrharn Park Plate, but she will not stand any chance. Lady of Croome is entered for the Phillips Park Nate, and will about land. Grand Stand Plate.— Salliet, Parma, Palmitine, and Lady of Croome are engaged, and whichever is wanted will win. Salliet and Parma are also in the City Handicap Plate. STOCKBRIDGE.—On FlidAy Scottish Queen led Miss Foote about a mile and a half at a..gpod pace. Bath Meet ing.—Three Year Old Biennial.—Miss Foote, Boaster, and Blucher are in; the first named will be the best from here. Two Year Old Biennial.—Gossamer f., Lord Chancellor Stanhope, Lucy Bertram, and Lady Somerset filly are in, but neither will run with any chance of winning. Beau fort Cup.—Scottish Queen will not run. Bath Handicap. —Pompeii will b. 3 sure to run wall. County Members'. — Cock of the Walk, lied Rice, Blucher, and Pompeii are well, and whichever they trust will be bad to beat. FITIELD.—At Bath, in the Somersetshire Stakes, we have Punishment engaged. The mare is fit and well. and I think she ought to be near winning. Seventeenth Biennial Stakes.—lreatherbell, Kate Coventry, Juanita, and La Belle Helene are engaged. Ileatherbell and Juanita :we been amiss ; tho zuned will be our best, and think she has a great chance, as she is so well just now, Eighteenth Bienn'al S;aki:p.—lutimidation colt, Cantina filly, Bluebell, Walter, Bob, and Hetty filly are engaged. I like B!uabell the best, but of course I can Lot say what may be the owner's intention on the day. Bosworth, in the .berby, is going on all right, and is greatly improving. I think he will beat more than beat him. CROP PROSPECTS.—We believe there was never before so large an area of our country in wheat at this sea son as now, and that sowed last fall is looking remarkably well. Unless some disastrous blight shall yet be experi enced we shall harvest more wheat in 1869 than in any former year. And on all this Atlantic slope a very large breadth has already been sown to spring grain, while much laud is now in preparation for Indian corn. Our orchards are just bursting into bloom, and the promise of fruit -- espcially peaches—is remarkably good.— Tribune. Montreal is suffering much distress from the effects of the great flood in the St. Lawrence river. The police are engaged in distributing bread from boats, which are paddled through the streets covered by water to the depth of two, four, and in some places six feet. As the relief parties passed along the streets, the windows of the houses were filled with women and children, clamorou s for bread.- The most destitute lived in the lanes and bask yards. Families were found lying together on the floor, covered with bed-clothes, and thus, by the additiona l warmth, endeavouring to resist the pangs of hunger.-- Public Ledger. LITERARY.--It, is stated that the number of Ger man newspapers published in ilia United States is over 250, about 50 of them being dailies, of which some have 0 , considerable circulation. The St. Louis Westlihe P oBl ' Senator Schurz's paper, in its circulation is excelled only by one paper in English of that city, the Missouri Republi can. All the leading German papers of the West, pa r fished at Chicago, St. Louis, and Cincinnati, are Republi can in politics. _ _ EADVERTISEMENT.I--liolloway's Pills.—Liver Cora' plaints and Disorders of the Bowels.—lt is impossible to exaggerate the extraordinary virtue of this medicine in the treatment of all affections of the liver or irregulari ties of the bowels. In cases of depraved or superabun" dant bile these Pills taken freely have never been knorra to fail. In bowel complaints they are equally efficaciotA but they should then be taken rather more sparingly, fo r every medicine in the form of an aperient requires caution when the bowels are disordered, though a gentler or more genial aperient than these Pills in moderate doses bag never yet been discovered. If taken according to til e , printed instruction s th ey not on l y cure t h e comp l a i n t, buy improve the whole system. LAD VEarisamENT.)—Henceforth no one will doubt the valual)cole properties of Du Barry's health-restoring Revs.lenta Arabi Invalids' and Infants' Food, since to the thousands of blessing., it has already rec e i ve d f rom I nva lid s whose position had been deemed hopeless, we may now add that of his Holiness the PoPei whose health has been perfectly restored by it after thirty year e g a unsuccessful medical treatment. We quote from the " Gazette 1 , Midi," July 25th :—" Rome, July 21,1866. The health of the $o r e is excellent, especially since, abandoning all other rela_us dies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Reva lee .j. Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful at every It has produced a surprisingly beneficial effect on his health, }y o his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too highly." ; o f extract a few out of more than 68.000 cures:—Cure No. 58,21 0, in s the Marchioness de Brehan, of seven years' liver colnPl e ,, wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nervous palpit a t: o io , all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, and the meet de tolerable nervous agitation. Cure No 1.771: Lord Stuar t Decies, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dysPeP,ie„ No. 49,832: "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dysPel: o o, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spa sickness, and vomiting —Maria Joly." Cure No. 46,270: t",,, James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased luf4i; spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness. ~`,O l portent Caution—Beware of the many unsavoury and rnor!4'o,,o sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron Ll e " name is most audaciously attached. ` 1 " 16: In tins, at Is lid; Ilb 2s 9d; 21bs 4s Gd; 5 lbs lls; 1 2 -- IhS TO 24 ibs 405.-Also Dir BARRY'S REVALENTA ARABICA 0110C0ifas POWDER is packed in tin canisters : for 12 cups at s, for 242; 55s at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at 6s, for 288 cups at 30s, fur 576 cups ." 0 0$ —being about one penny per cup. The 30s and 55s tins are, free of carriage in England on receipt of Post-Office Orae„ o 4 BARRY Do BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London all Grocers and Chemists. BIRTTM. Buny—On the 15th ins's ,at 65, Prince's-gate, South ge tr siugton, the Viscountess bury, of a son. 0 11 " PARTEIDGE—On the 12th inst., a t Hockharn Hall, Nor f the wife 'of H. I'. Partridge, ii q., of a daughter. MARRIAGES. T lt ABBOTT—BEADEL -Oa the 14th inst.,at Rayleigh, "' t ton Abbott, of Waustead, to Mary Susannah, t h e eld o (laughter of the late Henry Gould Beadat, of Lltueh°l26ei Rayleigh, Essex. OHALDECOT-ILLINGWORTH—On the 12th in st., at ~S t f t • George's Hanover- square, Captain Mark A. C haldeL ILA., to ' Lucy Marianne, second daughter of 110311 111ingworth, Esq., of Arlington-street, Piccadilly DEATHS. Og BALL - the 14th inst., at 7, St. Mark's-crescent, 7=4°l 11:11. William Ball, Esq., aged 85. "WV' BOWER -On the 11111i/Ist., Welhaut, neat - M alta, bower, Eeq., aged 71. iz bag PENLEY—Ou the 14th iust., Colonel Penley, m° Army. London: a~iDlZEra 1, Printed and Published by WIL LLA.3I of No. IU, Precinct of the Savoy, iu the Coy Monday, May 17, 1869 of )11 iddlese%. tr. E' This prize Ale Reid 1 he Agei Obser 'inn's LI M 14,8 ADVA.", hold or able we Forms 1 ll' Mr TIA Mr FR Mr LTS The M Miss A' IMP'S K Miss ST MACLJ M (n f No • the In, AR The of the the ele, pate it Music have 1 most e. celebro chef. S positio. aasigm W. Gr: Thom Til for deN ORIGI P. Cons relebn Border Whir] also 1)( numb( of othf A' Very 1 Old Ci Shil Spark lery, Sam bottle, 801 OF sortm licks, shire TEN' W.C., Mr: MIN] of Ly tate GEOI nine PR 11 EN] 141, 1 T' Th Fire 1 The Bonu value rends leave thirty N' Ernie] where Gide the ki The lish e( and le vile° !ultra The entire oni( S E Na'ic Th £879 Willi the S strAo Qu Gove desti and pros stitu ondc assic Inst its p Beer B: lane BEA yes nes dig ner Stt for, foo wtl