The Sun. — London, England, 1829-04-16 00:00:00

l.- - -- - • 4 a. "//, - ? A •t • \*. • , , 1 t T1%71,f. 0.11. • •••,, ii, so'• _ , - ot• JV-4 I. :4. •„ V a „ •-• • i .41' 0 1 - I'l.l .1 ',;;;A V,S/ 1 " .rf OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, :! 1 Pal!-mall, April 1, 1829. POWERFUL TIDE MILL AT PORTSMOUTH. • TO LET BY PUBLIC TENDER, THE very superior and powerful TIDE MILL, for many years belonging to the Victualling bepartment:at that Port ; it is capable of grinding on the .ayeage Thirty Loads of Wheat per week ; the Sheet of Water is extensive, and drives four Water Wheels (three of 1 0!ich are of Iron, recently new) ; the Mill is fitted with 'hire - dressing cylinder, hoisting machine, and every re quisite fin• immediate operation. There is also a drying • kiln With east iron floor on the most modern principle. Besides the Mill there is a storehouse avid workshop de tached, and an excellent Dwelling House replete with grates and fixtures, consisting of parlour, kitchen, and scut ery on the'grMind-floor, and six bed rooms and two dressing rooms on the first and second floors. This Mill being very near the 'Town Quay is very convenient for watar com manicatiou at a small expenee of carriage. • 'Th e ' Mill and Premises above descrihal are to let let for a term of seven, fourteen, or twenty-one years, en cendi thtl'u that may be seen on application at the Office of • °Ttloauce, Pall-mall, or at the Royal Engineer's Office, or t a!tfiee of Ordnance, at Portsmouth, subject to such alter*, taali as sha!l be agreed upon on the application of parties dextrous of renting the Mill. • The Tenders to state in words at length the rent pro- Dosed to be given and sent to the Office of Ordnance, Pen man, on or before Saturday, the 23d May next, adelrussed t° Bs 13vham, Esq., and wr itt en on th e ou t s id e " T en d er - for the kinee Mill, at Portsmouth." By Order of the Board, R. BY HAM, Secretary. BIVITISII INSTITUTION, PALL-MALL. THE GALLERY for the EXHIBITION • and SALE o f t h e WORKS o f BRITISH ARTISTS, including the Pictures of his late Majesty pre totiing the Sword to Earl Howe, on board the Queen 91 lot te , after the Victory of the First of June, lin, and Lord Nelson hoarding the San Joseph, off Cape St. T, presented by the British Institution to the Royal , te*pital of Greenwich, IS OPEN DAILY, from Ten in - the Morning until Five in the evening. • Admission le.--Catalogue Is. WM. BARNARD, Keeper. AUTOMATA. VOW OPEN, at the HORSE BAZAAR, King-street and Baker-street, Portman-square, the ,niagnificent EXHIBITION of MUS ICA Land MECHANI CAL AUTOMATA ; comprising nearly twenty different anbjects; including the relehrated Musical Lady, Juvenile Artist, Magician, Rope Dancer, and Walking Figure; also k magnificent Classic Vase, made by order of Napoleon, together with a Serpent, Birds, Insects, and other subjects of Natural History—the whola displaying, by their exact insitatioas of animated nature, the wonderful powers of 'nechanistn. °Pen.from II till 6.—Ailtnittance Is. U.—Children Is. The whole of the Exhibition fur Sale; also several Self ictipg and other Musical Instruments. A CARD. THERE being now T wo E ntrances to t h e ESTABLISHMENT of HOWELL and JAMES, their " R4 OENT-STREE T, Ladies have the option of directing coachmen to set them down, at No. 9, as heretofore, or et No. bp lower down, nearer Ps.ll..tnall, as may best gait their convenience or pleasure, or to avoid the bustle and crowd sometimes occurring at the origisaal entrance of No. 9. ent.street, April 14, 1829. • lb, April, 1. Tiii day, handsomely printed in emarla-street a Pocket si ze , but 9 in a very legible Type, with Six Engravings on Steel and on Wood, by :William Finden and George Cruikshanks, and neatly bound in canvas, price only 55., No. 1., cf I .I HE FAMILY LIBRARY, being Vol. I. of the Life of NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE. John Murray, London. GOOD'S STUDY OF MEDICINE. On the 25th inst. will be published, in 5 vols. 8v0.3 C. I .OOD'S STUDY o f NIEDICINE, ‘Litcon taining all the Author's final Corrections and Im provements.' Third Edition, with much additional Modern ihfivrnation oh Physiology, Practice, Pathology, and the Ni!tore of Diseases in General. By SAMUEL COOPER, Author o f the "DictionLry of Practical Surgery," &c. &C. and George Underwood, Fleet-street. Just published, in I vol. 12mo. price 6s. ARLY IMPRESSIONS, or Moral and 64(04 nnr tisti:active E n t erta i nment f or Ch i ldren, in Prose J "' With 12 Designs by Di g ht on . n • : Hat c h ar d an d S on , 187 , Pi ccad i lly ; sold also I °Y Waugh and Innes, Edinburgh. " Looki ng i nto the spirit of the hook, we discover that it i 8 not - only calculated to afford amusement to children, oat that its object is to bring their minds early to a kboarledge of those principles which are indispensaWy ne ",try 10 them in fut u r e lif e , en d b y a study of which their minds are led to a right use of ideas, &c."—Lit erar Gazettey of March. I -" A Work which has been just published by Hatchard, w ader the name of ' Early Impressions,' and which is in k tetaded at once to instil into the minds of children the most 1 ' ential principles of morality and reason, and at the same tinse-to oblige them to think for themselves, may be con sidered an one of the happiest specimens of our modern insprovernents. The book is adorned by several pretty engrayinga from designs by Dighton, find is altogether a 'T ety elegant substitute for the common school-book, &c.” --b __ , server March 22. LOOK ING -GLASSES, UPHOLSTERY, and HOUSE AGENCY. I.IENRY L. COOPER, 93, Bishopsgate street, Within, UPHOLDER, ESTATE, and S OUSE -AGENT, solicits the attention of Families to the f ollowing articles, at Prices decidedly reasonable for Fur- S h i tere of a superior style and manufacture :- I'l -ATE GLASS.—From the immense reduction which has now taken place can be offered (even of magnificent sizes) so low as particularly to interest Noblemen and Gentlemen desirous of fitting up their Houses with this elegant and fashionable article, whether for Drawing or Dining Rooms, Sa sh Windows or Conservatories in exposed situa tions; for the latter purposes his Plate Glass will be found In a relative degree cheaper than Crown "es; SECOND-HAND LOOKING-GLASSES constantly on sale, at a still more considerable re cAb, clUon. vING and GILDING—Tn all its Branches, with a . rich assortment of Chimney, Pier, Cheval, and Toilette Frames, constantly on view. Gentlemen Preferring the Frames of Paintings or Prints re ' • Os Will find the Terms particularly deserving tice. MIER-no HANGING—In every Decorative Department, in the first style of elegance, upon such a reduced s cale as will cause a most material saving in large te eideriees, tABINET WORK— Manufactured in a superior manner, with every attention to the newest Fashion, and latest Improvement. In this Department will be found a great variety of the most Elegant Articles, arimirahlyadapted for Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Seats. THE UPHOLSTERY ARRANGEMENT, H. L. C. - , has studied to combine Taste with Elegance, and respectfully solicits the attention of the Nobility and Gentry to the superb and elegant manufacture of Silk Damasks, Tabourets, &c., which, in conse quence of the reduced duty on silk, he is now en abled to offer on terms so comparatively moderate, • as must establish that magnificent description of Furniture, in preference to the inferior articles hitherto in use. Families can be waited on in any part of the United Kingdom, with Designs and Patterns, at no other charge than the travelling ph 11.Eex peti `-'RALS FURNISHED--and conducted with the gratest attention, from the plainest to the most • anxiap:uous exhibition of Mourning Grandeur, with consistent regard to ec o n om y. 41 -E8 BY AUCTION, APPRAISING, and HOUSE .AGENCY.—He continues to Register Estates, Houses, and Effects, for Public or Private Sale ; and few concerns in the tlletropolis, arising from his long establishment, possess more extensive connections for the disposal of Property. House hold Furniture purchased at liberal prices, or re moved for Disposal, if Sales on the Premises ere objected to.—SURVEYS and VALUATIONS made in Town or Country.—Losses by Fire ar ranged, and Valuations of Property, for the purpose of Administration to Wills, executed with all bre quisite att en ti on an d d espatc h. ' 4 ' L. C. has the honour of being employed and patronized by some , of the first Families in the Kingdom; end for Style and Price challenges competition with any refiNciable Establishment.—No. 93, Bi.hops ate-atreet, Within. No. 11,410. Just publishA, prce ss. 6.1. ACOMMENTARY, with PRACTI CAL OBSERVATIONS, upon DISORDERS of the BEAD; including Apoplexy, Water-stroke, Idio pathic Effusion, Hydrocephalus Acut us, Hydrocephalus !mu Abdominal Disorders, Acute and Chronic Inflamma tion of the Brain, Cerebral Irriation, Cases of Defective Organic Vigour, and the Puerporal Head—in which is particularly considered the PROPRIETY of BLEEDING. By GEORGE WAREEN, Surgeon. Longman and Co. ; Wils nn, Royal Exchange ; Umler wood, l'lcet-strcet ; Wilson, Princes-street; and T. Butcher, 10S, Regent-street. EMIGRATION. QETTLERS Embarking for Van Diemen's KJ Land, New South Wales, the Cape, South America, the West India Islands, &c. &e. will find the following Articles indispensib!y necessary to their comfort and con venience on their first establishment:—Tents and Mar quees of every description fitted up with all necessary ar pendages for immediate and speedy erection; also Water- proof Hick Cloths, with Poles, &c. complete ; Improved Dressed Cloths, Woollen 'Tilts, Corn Sacks, Ropes, &c. ; these, with various articles of similar usefulness, may be had of . BENJAMIN EDGINGTON, 5, Tooley-street, London. Please direct " Benjamin" Edgington. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS.-(LAST NIGHT.) The LORD CHANCELLOR entered the House ten minutes before Five o'clock. Sir ALEX. GRANT and others brought up the copy of the Report of the Select Committee to in quire into the State of the Coal Trade in 1800. Also the Swan River Settlement Bill and the Luna tic Asylum Regulation Bill. Mr. S. WORTLEY and others brought up the Sale of Game Bill. Sir GEORGE WARRENDER and others brought up the Dundee Harbour Bill. Alderman WOOD brought up the London Work house Bill. Mr. GREEN brought up the Liverpool and Man chester Railway Alteration Bill; also a Private Bill. Mr. Crayfer, from the Treasury, presented the 18th Report of the Commissioners for enquiring into the state of the Revenue. GAME LAWS. Upon the motion of Lord WHARNCLIFFE this Bill was read a first, and ordered to be read a second time on the sth of May, fur which day their Lord ships were summoned. The Noble Lord also moved for a return of all persons tried at the Lent Assizes for 1529, under the Act for preventing persons going armed at night. —Ordered. Upon the motion of Lord ROSSLYN the Scotch Seisin Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The LORD CHANCELLOR left the House at five minutes-past Five, and returned again at twenty-five minutes before Six. Lord FARNHAM presented a petition from the Protestants of Longford, praying their Lordships to grant no further concessions to the Roman Ca tholics. The LORD CHANCELLOR, smiling, ob served he did not know that any fwrther concessions were to be granted to them. LORD LIEUTENANTCY OF IRELAND. The Marquis of ANGLESEA gave notice, that he should take an early day, after their Lordships met again, of giving some explanation to the House of his conduct while in the Administration of the Government of Ireland. The Noble Marquis thought it necessary that this explanation should be given from various circumstances, and particularly from the inferences that had been drawn, on more occa sions than one, respecting it in their Lordships' House. That explanation should be solely and purely political. He wished to lay his conduct fairly and fully before their Lordships, and having done so, he would leave it in the hands of the House to act with respect to it as their Lordships should think it merited. COURT OF CHANCERY BILL. The LORD CHANCELLOR gave notice that he should, shortly after the recess, introduce a Bill respecting the proceedings in Chancery, with the view of making some further regulations re specting the proceedings of that Court. The House then adjourned to Tuesday the 28th instant. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-(LAST NIGHT.) The LORD ADVOCATE brought in a Bill for the better punishment of attempts to murder in certain cases in Scotland. The Bill was read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time on the 4th of May. Mr. SUGDEN brought in a Bill for consolidat ing the laws relative to the property of infants, luna tics, idiots, &c. The Bill was read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time on the 28th of April. Mr. LENNARD gave notice of a motion for Thursday, May 21, for leave to bring in a Bill to repeal the third and fourth clauses of the 10th of Geo. H., c. 28, the former of which clauses pre hibits the acting or representing of any new play or entertainment of the stage, or of any addition to an old play, unless a copy thereof shall have been sent fourteen days previously to the Lord Chamber lain of his Majesty's household; the latter autho rises the Lord Chamberlain to prohibit, whenever he thinks fit, the acting of any play or stage entertainment. AIR. PEEL'S NEW BILL FOR REGULATING THE POLICE OF THE METROPOLIS. Mr. Secretary PEEL said he was desirous, now that the attention of the House and the public was no longer directed to a subject which had so long excited the warmest feeling and most anxious solici tude of all classes of his Majesty's subjects, both Catholic and Protestant, of leading the House to the consideration of a topic of considerable interest as respected the preservation of the rights of pro perty, as well as the protection of the persons of His Majesty's subjects. He would now, therefore, draw their attention to the state of the criminal jurisprudence of this country, and that of the ex isting police established for the prevention of crime as well as its detection. It ►would be in the recol lection of the House that different committees of the House had been appointed to investigate this subject as early as the year 1770, and again in 1793. Committees also were appointed in 1812, 1818, 1822, and lastly in 1828. These different committees had been the result of alarm at some remarkable or unprecedented outrage at the time; or the effect, perhaps of a general conviction that crimes and offences against the peace of society were so far on the increase, as to require an increased and corresponding vigour on the part of our police, with the view to protect the public and prescribe more effectual remedies for its preservation. But, unfortunately, those committees, however their re ports might be creditable to the labours and inves tigation of the individuals who composed them, produced no effect in improving the law materially ; and the subject was lost sight of almost as soon as the cause of the recent alarm had subsided. No effectual measure, therefore, was recommended by the committees, or adopted at the suggestion of individuals in Parliament. Whoever had read the LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 16, 1829. reports of those committees, particularly those of later date, would find the state of our police to be most defective. (Hear, hear.) It had been pretty clearly a:certained that it was altogether unsafe, and that it had been so for a long period, to com mit the care of the lives and the properties of the people of the metropolis and its vicinity to the charge of the parochial watch, during that part of the 24 hours which constituted the object of their very lax and inefficient protection.—(Hear.)—He might rest his case on the Report of the Police Committee which lay on the table, and which clearly showed the necessity of some alteration in the exist ing means for the prevention and detection of crime, but he thought it would be more satisfactory to the House and the public, to state generally the grounds upon wh'eh he felt himself imperatively called upon to call on them to abandon the present system of protecting property and guar di ng t h e safety . of the person. lf they compared the state of crime in the metropolis with that in other parts of the country, or in England and Wales at large, the result would be very unfavourable to the former. If, for example, they selected the last year, and calculated the pro portion which the number of criminals in London and Middlesex bore to the population, they would find that not less than one person in every 383 had • been committed for some crime or other in 1828. If, in the same manner, they determined the ratio be tween the number of persons similarly committed within the same period in England and Wales, the proportion would be found to be one .criminal to every 822 of the entire population. The result of a comparison of both, as he had stated, would be very unfavourable to the metropolis. It might be said, perhaps, that a different ratio of increase in popuia lation in London and Middlesex and the country at large would account for this difference in the amount of crime; but an examination would show that the great increase of crime in the former could not be explained by the increased number of its inhabitants. Neither, he was sorry also to say, would the result be favourable to the metropolis, if they compared its present amount of crime with that of any other pe riod, or compared either with that of other parts of the country. In 1821, the number of persons com mitted in London and Middlesex amounted to 2,480, the population being 1,167,000. In 1828, he re gretted to say, the committals for crime amounted to 3,560. There was no official return of the amount of increase of population in 1828; but as suming it was in a corresponding ratio to that of other periods, the number of inhabitants in London and Middlesex would be 1,349,000 in that year.— The result, therefore, of a comparison between the rate of increase of population and the rate of increase of crime in the metropolis, showed that the former was not in proportion to, and could not account for, the great increase of the latter; for there was an increase of 41 per cent. in the number of committals in 1828 over that of 1821 ; while there was an in crease of population of only 151 per cent.—(Hear.) Increase of population, then, did not explain the great increase of crime in London and Middlesex. Neither did the rate of increase of the number of commitments in England and Wales correspond with that of the inhabitants; for a comparison of both in the years 1821 and 1828 showed that crime had increased 26 per cent., while population had in creased but 111 per cent. Although it did not be long properly to his present subject, he thought, as he had alluded to the state of crime in the country at large, he might, with satisfaction to the House, state, that though the number of committals had increased to so great a degree of late years in Lon don and Middlesex, crime had very sensibly dimi nished in many parts of the country. The increase of committals in 44 counties of England and Wales in 1827, as compared with the preceding year, amounted altogether to 1,914: the decrease in six counties, including the city of Bristol, amounted to 167, leaving a net increase of 1,657 committals for crime in the year 1827. But if they proceeded fur ther, and compared the year 1828 with 1827, they would find a decrease of committals in 35 counties, of 1,656; and an increase in 14 counties, including Bristol, of 299, leaving a net decrease of committals for crime during the last year, in England and Wales, of 1 , 3 57.—(Hear.)--This statement he thought was some consolation for the unfavour able comparison which the metropolis afforded, the rather, as the diminution of committals generally throughout the country, during the last year, was not at alt owing to any laxity of duty on the part of the country police, but to an actual diminution of the amount of crime. This diminution would ap pear more striking on a comparison of the total num ber of committals in the last and preceding year.— In the year 1827, the total number of persons com mitted for crime in England and Wales was 17,921 ; in the year 1828, the number of committals amounted to but 16,566.-4 Hear, hear )—ln some counties the decrease was very remarkable. In Lan cashire, for instance, there were but 448 commit ments last year, while there were not less than 2,457 in 1827. In Somersetshhe the number of committals was 151 less last year than in the pre ceding. The decrease in Yorkshire was 129, and so on in other places, till they came-to what he was sorry to call the unfavourable exception of London and Middlesex, in which there was an increase of 135 committals in 1828, over those of 1827. It was not, he regretted to say, only in one year that London and Middlesex afforded a proof of the in crease of crime, much greater than any possible in crease of population could account for. If they took any series of years, say seven, on which the Police Committee had reported, they would find that crime had not only increased in the metropolis more than in the other parts of the country, but had far out stepped the rate of increase of its inhabitants. If they, for example, compared the increase of crime in the seven years beginning with 1811, with the seven years ending with 1828, and then compared both with the increase of population, they would find that crime had increased 55 per cent., while the population had increased but 19 per cent. —(Hear) —leaving an excess of crime over population of 36 per cent., to be accounted for by other means.— It was no easy matter to determine what those other means or causes were which had occasioned this frightful difference between the increase of crime and the increase of population, of not less than 36 per cent. in a series of years. Many intelligent gentlemen, who took an interest in the subject, had endeavoured to investigate and determine those causes; but he still must say, —and he spoke in the presence of many Hon. Members who had taken an active part in the Police Committee,—without hav ing arrived at any satisfactory conclusion on the real nature of those causes. lie himself feared that one of those causes was the increased mechanical ingenuity of the age, by which the perpetration of crime was aided, and the means of detection lessened. What he meant was, that the mechanical improve ments which so much distinguished the country, and which were the source of its prosperity, so aided the perpetrators of crime, by enabling them to travel a great distance in a few hours, and to use great caution in the selection of time and manner, that the means of detection were very much lessened. All causes, therefore, of the increased comforts of the people of the country became thus sources of the crime, not less than the increased t emptat i on w hi c h they necessarily created, than, as he had stated, from the increased facilities which they afforded of per petration and evasion. Another very influential cause was the very unsatisfactory state of that branch of our police which was chiefly controlled by the parochial authorities.—(Hear, hear.)—He was satisfied that so long as the present night-watch system was persisted in, there would be 1:0 efficient police prevention of crime, nor no satisfactory pro tection for property or the parson. This was the conclusion which the Police Committee had come to, and which the evidence of persons most inte• rested in the subject made manifest. In fact, it was the conclusion which every one who inquired into pus present watch-house system must arrive at. The chief requisites of an efficient police were unity of design and responsibility of its agents, both of which were not only not ensured by the pre sent parochial watch-house system, but were actually prevented by it. The House was aware that each parish had its own watch-house establishment, its own watchmen, its own discipline, and its own irre sponsibility ; and it was left to the parochial autho rities alone to devise and enforce, and control the means of protecting the property and persons of its inhabitants. By this arrangement each parish was perfectly isolated, so far as prevention of crime was concerned, from every other; there could be, there fore, no general unity of desi g n—no general respon &bilitta ,But this was not all—each parish had its own Chl.Triers., every one of which might be per fectly independent of the rest as to its police, so that the responsibility is still further subdivided, or rather destroyed.—( Hear, hear.)—Could there, then, be any unity of design under such a system ? Cer tainly not ; nor responsibility, till all the parochial police was concentrated under one responsible and efficient head. He did not, when he made this de claration, mean to deny that some of the parishes in the metropolis had applied- themselves meritoriously and successfully to protect the property and persons of their inhabitants, by establishing as efficient pa rochial police; but he contended, that till this effi ciency was made genera!, nothing hut a local benefit could follow from their efforts. What advantage, in a general point of view, could be derived from one well-regulated district, surrounded by five or six neighbouring parishes, in which no attempts had been made to remedy the present inefficient watch-house system ? Would not the necessary effect be to drive the thieves from the protected parish into those parishes on its skirts on which the authorities were indifferent about providing efficient security for the propertyhc. contained in it ? Would not, consequently, the one well-regulated district aggravate the evils of its n&ghbours ? This was actually the case with the parishes of Hackney, St. James's, and Marylebone, in which, owing to the vo7untary and unpaid exer tions of some of the inhabitants, an efficient watch police establishment was kept up. But though these exertions were eminently successful at present, he need not say, that, being dependent wholly on the disposition of individuals, who had, as he had stated, voluntarily, and without remuneration, un dertaken them, there could be no adequate security for their continuance, far less for their extension, but in the appointment of responsible official agents. Besides, he repeated, supposing their continuance could be insured under the present system, they must prove abortive against .the effects of a bad neighbourhood, till unity of design was established. The necessity for that unity was strikingly shown by the present police arrangements of some of the parishes adjoining the well-regulated ones he had mentioned. In the parish of St. Pancras, for example, in which there was a large watch-house establishment kept up, according to returns which he had thought it right to call for, there was not less than eighteen different watch trusts—(hear)—that is, eighteen different isolated irresponsible police establishments, rendering a unity of design among the eighteen local authorities of that large parish an actual impossibility.—(Hear, hear.)—ln that pa rish, then, there were eighteen watch trusts; but if they inquired into the arrangements of other parishes they would find not too many watch trusts, but ac tually no night watch at all. This was the case in the parish of Lambeth, in which there was 110 provision fur a night watch, and in which there was a different species of police altogether, but no watch trust. Upon this point there was much interesting, and—if he could say so in a case involving so seri ous a subject as increase of crime--much amusing information in the evidence annexed to the report of the Police Committee. To that evidence, be begged leave to direct the attention of the House, particularly of such Hon. Members as might be dis posed to view his intended Bill with a jealous eye. , For the satisfaction of those Hon. Members, he thought it necessary to then state, that lie had higher opinions in favour of his present object, than paro chial authorities. Those most competent to judge, and most interested in the subject in the city and elsewhere, had expressed their decided and unani mous opinion, that some material improvements were imperatively necessary in our present arrangements for the protection of property. Those also practi cally acquainted with the workings and defects of the present parochial police system, had expressed the same opinion, either directly or by implication, in their evidence before the Police Committee. Mr. Julian, the clerk to the Magistrates of the Kensing ton district, had furnished on this point very im portant information. It appeared from the evidence, that that district was dreadfully exposed to the de predations of thieves and housebreakers. That it should be so, he thought Mr. Julian's evidence of the number and character of the—he supposed he must call it—parochial police—showed was not very surprising. That witness stated, that the wealthy and populous district of Kensington,—not less than 15 miles in extent,—was dependent on the peace tion of three constables and three head-boroughs, some of whom, after they were a time in office, be came not very remarkable for their abstinence from intoxicating liquors, and who, from the nature of their appointment by the steward of the manor, were, to all intents and purposes, beyond the con troul of the magistrates,. and who, from having no fees but the law allowed them, in the end did no duty at all except indeed that of making out very long bills.—(Hear.)—Surely it was not surprising when the great extent of the Kensington district was con sidered—when its great wealth was considered—that three drunken beadles should be no preventive of housebreaking and thievery in it.—(llear.) Indeed, as had been said of the Court of Chancery, three angels under such circumstances would be a sorry protec tion. He repeated, it could not be considered sur prising that burglaries were frequent in the Kensing ton district, with such a police. What said another clerk of the magistrates of that district in his evi dence ? Why, that in 'the parish of Tottenham alone, in six weeks, not less than 19 attempts at bur glary had been perpetrated—(Hear)—and out of these 19 attempts, but three failed, the remaining 16 being entirely successful.--(Hear, hear.) —And this was but one parish out of eight in the district. It was, he felt, unnecessary for him to say with such facts staring them in the face, the bounden duty of the Legislature to interfere, not only to prevent such a daring outrage against the laws, but to provide more secure means of protecting the person and the property of the subject. Again, if they examined the evidence respecting the parish of Spitalfields, they would see additional, and, if possible, stronger proof of the necessity of some legislative measure. It was true that the present state of that district presented a very favourable contrast to its recent one, when gangs of thieves stood at the corners of the streets, robbing in the middle of the day all per sons who came within their reach, in open defiance d i i rn m p ro e c r i f l e i c a t l s a t n i highly m security afforded by present Its iio s w y e s d te mt the of police, and it showed the striking advantages of the exertion 9 that had been made, chiefly through the praise-worthy zeal of one inhabitant (Mr. Gre gory), to improve the local pace. The indi vidual to whom he had alluded stated in evidence that he was then the superintendent of the watch in his district—that the number of watchmen was as before 21; but that they were now much more effi cient, being better looked after than in the time of die late treasurer, a very old gentleman, who was wholly blind, and never gave himself any trouble about their ccuduct or appointment. It was much to be wished that the conduct pursued in this parish should be imitated by others. But it unfortunately was not. lie had returns from parishes in the vici nity of the metropolis, showing that in those pa rishes there was no species of nightly watch at ail; and that the only protection the inhabitants had for their lives and property was their own individual vigilance, and the honesty of the thieves—(a laugh) —in their neighbourhood. This was the case in the parish of Fulham, containing 15,000 inhabitants : and in Chiswick, Ealing, Old Brentford, Acton, St. Mary, Stratford, Bow, Edgeware, Barnet, Put ney, Wandsworth, and two other parishes. In those populous and wealthy parishes these was no parochial police—no protection for life or property —but the voluntary exertions of individuals, at whose expenses others who had not contributed anything were benefitted. There was no parish not actually forming a part of the metropolis, but in its near vicinity, furnished stronger evidence of the ne cessity of an efficient police, and of the conse quences to neighbouring parishes of one containing no parochial police, than Deptford. This parish contained upwards of 20,000 inhabitants, was situ ated as a ready asylum to those banished from West minster and the adjoining district for their offences, and positively did not contain a single watchman or night police authority to prevent crimes and appre hend offenders.—(Hear, hear.)—it was not sur prising, such being the fact, that that parish was the scene of frequent depredations, and as in a re cent instance of a must atrocious and sanguinary outrage. Within the last few years the indignation at those outrages had led to the formation of a voluntary night, patrol by the parishioners; but as the apprehension for the security of life and pro perty had abated, this temporary protection disap peared with the excitement which gave it birth. The Right Hon. Gentleman proceeded to read a letter from the parochial authority of St. Nicholas, Deptford, in which the writer stated, that though no place required a parochial police more than the parishes of St. Nicholat and St. Paul, Deptford, there was no public watch, no watching or lighting tax, and no protection during night for life and pro perty, but that afforded by two persons, to whom some of the inhabitants paid a sum totally inadequate to support existence and ensure vigilance. Such a state of things he (Mr. Peel) said would continue so long as that, or any other parish, was depend ent on the voluntary exertions of individuals for the means of protection, and was not called upon by Act of Parliament to maintain an efficient police. This compulsion, in eases where it was necessary, was his present object. This measure contained a variety of details, which he would not then state to the House : indeed, they were of a nature much more fitted for the notice of a Select Committee. He therefore proposed, in carrying into effect the recommendations of the Committee last year, to have that Committee re-appointed. He would then merely State, that be proposed, as had been suggest ed by the Committee, to unite under one head all parochial police authorities, including, of course, nightly watchmen. These would be under the con troul of a Board of Police, whose duty it would be to superintend, and be responsible for, all the agents required by the police. lie would abandon the term " watchman"—indeed it was one that was not in great repute,—and consider and speak of their sub stitutes as a species of night patrol. The Bill would appoint three Magistrates to the direc tion of this board. He proposed that all watch taxes should in future be abolished, and a gene ral police tax substituted in their stead ; of course all parochial distinctions would be done away with; the advantages of this would appear particularly striking to those who considered the defects of the present system. It was not unusual now for one side of a street to be in one parish, and the other side in another parish ; and, its a consequence, the power - of watchmen and constables being confined to their own parish, a watchman standing on one side of the street could not interfere, and would be a passive spectator of a depredation performing on the other, so that that depredation was actually short of felony. He had no power of prevention, on grounds of suspicion even of felony, out of his own parish, and could not, as he (Mr. Peel) had stated, prevent the actual perpetration of minor crimes, unless in his own district. One effect of the measure he intended to propose would be to do away with this arid other mischievous consequences of the present parochial distinctions. He did not intend to proceed at first on too extensive a scale, but would proceed in this, as on other occasions, effecting a gradual reformation, with that cautious feeling his way, and deriving aid from experience, essential to the ultimate success of all reforms. He would not abolish at once all the parochial p6ce establishments, but would apply his proposed Bill to a few districts in the vicinity of the metropolis at first, and then gradually extend it to all the others as its advantages disclosed themselves. In those districts in which the necessity for a change in the present system was most apparent he would com mence with the operation of the measure, intending that local taxation should defray the expellee of the local application of the measure. Supposing, for example, he should begin with ten parishes, those he would make liable to a local Police- Tax, the local Watch-Tax ceasing when the mea sure should be applied. In time the board would be empowered to unite-other partisans in the neigh bourhood to their 'jurisdiction, and thus gradually make the measure general. With respect to the tax which he proposed to levy, he was confident that it would be much less than the present watch rates; while, as he need not say, it would ensure a more efficient police. The subject had many de tails which though of local importance would, he conceived, be annoying to the majority of the House, and would therefore be discussed with more advantage in a select committee. He therefore would propose the re-appointment of the Police Committee of last year. To it he would refer the Bill he was about to move for, which was ready drawn up, and which had been prepared with great care and ability by gentlemen recommended to him by their talents and fitness for the office. Still, however, as it was a new measure, he would refer it to the re-appointed Committee, to there receive ivg r tdi oso t h i tr policet% rd‘t e i a3atts-investigation. adjoining ohtobe f b tlerha see is aboutgoodst the reeHet to estmlo. couldeerfterestablish. effectseofqp frequent oou n eflni n o ti t t tih1:1111aelIFIt policeBl ltspoeialepas:e,::.istNntxlisi‘g,c.a.aoltrtilloyeicalynhiirkelniaeiNrdii he d to be not sufficient for its protection, there was established the horse-patrol, which was found so efficient in preventing crime and apprehending offenders. It cannot be any peculiar change in cir cumstances which has occurred since that time that can account for the cessation of robberies in that district; and the cause can alone be found in the efficiency and exertion of the horse patrol. The present horse patrol consisted of 51 men. The selection of the patrol was made in the first instance by reference to the age of the man, in order that there may be a certainty of having efficient aad able officers capable of enduring the fatigues and (Lscharging the duties which the situation imposed open them : the selection was also conducted by a refereace to tile pre • vious character of the men, and above all their promo tion was made to depend upon theirgood conduct,ited they were always under the surveillance and con troul of one establishment. It was upon such prin ciples that he would propose to establish the patrol which was contemplated by this Bill. Now, with respect to the watchmen. In some instances, it had appeared that the watchmen in some places only re ceived for their regular pay 2d. an hour; in other instances it had been found that persons who were burdens upon the poor-rates were chosen to fill the situation of watchmen ; and, as he had said before in many parishes in the neighbourhood of the me tropolis the inhabitants were obliged to come for ward themselves, and, by their own voluntary con tributions, to support a night watch, for their own protection. He supposed that no objecti on wiTh ia be miter' to this measure on the score that it wenr to confer an unconstitutional power upon the board evhich he proposed to establish. The fact wae, the magistrates constituting this board would not pos sess moire than the ordinary powers which usually belonged to the office of police magistrate; and even if their power in some degree went be yond the extent, the 1-10119 e, he was confident, would perceive that it would be better to have, undor such a system, one thousand efficient con. stables, than to have two thousand less efficient cone stables under a laxer system. He was therefore satisfied that no objection would be taken to the measure in so far as it went to invest the Boaed of Magistrates to be constituted by this fill with effi cient means of exercising the power., which hee longed to them.- e -(Hear.)—ln one respect, perhaps, objections would be taken to this measure or the ground of its exciting jealousy on the part of The existing parochial authorities, in consequence of its transferring the patronage which Iva; at presetit vested in their hands, to this department, actin g' under the control of the Secretary of State. F, r his part he (Mr. Peel) could not perceive what valid objection could be urged against the power which would be derived from this patronage to Go vernment, more than to that which resulted froar the selection of persons for the Army and Navy.— (Hear, hear.) —Certain he was, that from the Bless , of persons who would be chosen under such asys tem, for any jealousy which might be entertained by parochial authorities in reference to the loss or this petty patronage, there would be found an ample compensation in the increased protection whirls woulcl be afforded against offenders, and the increased security given to the inhabitants for the preservatiwil of the peace, "and tranquillity of their respective neighbourhoods.—(Hear.)—But the subject should and must be considered and determined upon highs e and more extended principles than in reference ttt these petty parochial jealousies.—(Hear, hear.) — When they looked at the relative proportion which the criminals bore to the population ;n this metro polis,—when they saw that one out of every 383 of that population was committed to prism:, charged with some criminal offence, it was their duty, under such circumstances, to legislate upon priticiples of higher and more extended stature, and to adopt rf- fectual means to put a stop to such a f i g htfia crease of crime. —(Hear, hear.)—But it might be said that this measure would go to impose addiiional burdens upon the inhabitants of the various parishes. It was true that a certain degree of expellee would be required to carry this measure fully into effect ; but he was sure that any additional burden imposed in that way would be fully compensated for by the additional protection arid security which this mea sure would afford. Besides, cue certain effect of this measure would be to diminish the number of prosecutions in Middlesex and London, and thus, while the inhabitants would he relieved from the Watch Tax, they would also be relieved from other' parochial rates which had been materially increased . by the expense and number of those prosecutions, But he (Mr. Peel) would rest the defence of this measure upon a much higher considerationupon its effects in checking the increase of crime. He saw no other mode by which they could hope ultimately to mitigate the severity of their Criminal Code, unless they were to adopt some such measure as this for preventing the increase of crime. —(Hear.) —lt would be vain for them to attempt to miti gate the penalties which attached to crime already, unless they took measures to prevent the commis sion of crime itself.—(Hear.)—lf, as it appeared from the documents upon their table, the number of criminals in the year 1821 amounted to 2,500, — if they had increased in 1828 to 3,500,—and if they were going on at such a rapidly increasing ratio, it would be absolutely impossible, unless some check were put to their increase, to effect tiny ma terial mitigation in the penalties which; under the existing laws, attached to the commission of crime. —(Hear.)—He (Mr. Peel) was not one who con sidered that this increase of criminals had been mainly caused by the increase of distress amongst the population.—(Hear.)—He believed that these criminals were, in almost all instances, trained and hardened profligates,—that they had been incited to the mere commission of crime by the temptations the present tax system of police held out to them ; and he was sure it was in their power effectually to check them, by the vigorous exercise of the power; supplied by the common law of the land. He had already referred the House to an instance, where 19 acts of burglary had been committed in the parish of Tottenham within an exceedingly short space of tine; and he might now state, that these burglvrious attempts had been committed by noto rious thieves, who made burglary a profession. When, therefore, they talked so much of the liberty of the subject possessed by the people of this coun try, he was afraid that they gave credit to some parts of the population for the enjoyment of much more liberty than they actually possessed. He be lieved that a large portion of the inhabitants resi dent in the neighbourhood of Twickenham and Brentford were under constant apprehensions that their lives and properties would be attacked : and such fears were entirely inconsistent with the free enjoyment of liberty and peace.—(Hear, hear.)—ft was the duty of the Legislature to afford them pro tection against the causes which gave origin to such apprehensions,—it was the duty of Parliament to afford to the inhabitants of this metropolis and its vicinity, the full and complete protection of the law, and to take prompt and decisive measures to check the increase of crime, which was now proceeding at a frightfully rapid pace; and it was upon such grounds, with such objects, and for the purpose of providing a more efficient police for the metropolis, that he now begged to move for leave to bring in a Bill for the improvement of the police of the me tropolis. Mr. BERNAL wished to direct the attention of the Right Hon. Gentleman to one point to which be had not alluded In his very convincing statement on this subject—he meant the system of street pa trol, to whom was entrusted the care of the streets of the metropolis during the day. Owing to the defective state of the streets of the metropolis, and the dangers to which the public were exposed in the more crowded thoroughfares, a new' system of patrol had been established for the purpose of driv ing away pickpockets, and for protecting the public against their depredations. These patrols were not known by any staff or other ensign of authority, and they were only recognised by the wearing of a blue coat with a red collar. hey were sufficiently active in frightening away unfortunate apple or orange-women; but he did not believe that they were equally active in banishing pickpockets, and protecting the public against the depredations of the thieves and robbers who abounded in the crowded streets of this city. Besides, this species of patrol or street-keepers had only been established in a few of the leading streets, and in many of the great thoroughfares a really efficient patrol of that kind was still much wanted. lie trusted that the inconvenience experienced by the public in that par ticular would be redressed by the measure which th Right Hon. Gentleman was about to introduce. — He had thought it right to call the attention of PRICE 7p.