The Sun. — London, England, 1829-06-05 00:00:00

average amount was 45,00,0004; in the year 1827 it was 51,276,0001.; and in 1828 it rose to 52,049,000/.—(Hear.)—And this was the great fall in the foreign trade of the country which the worthy Alderman depiored.—(Loßd mks of hear, hear.)—lt was quite true that gi eat • pressure had arisen from the change ham a paper to a metallic currency. It was equally certain that to tamper with the currency of any country must be followed by a certain degree of distres:, and that it was itt. possible to return from a paper to a metaiiic cur ,tency Nvitiout producing sna r ing and distress RMUllgrit some parties in the country. But the question was, whether they were to have a iluetua tit - Jz currency, under which no man could be any thae day certain of the value of his property, and which tended to drive capital out of the country, or whether they should not establish a cucrency less liable to sutlClen changes and. fluctuations. He did trot take the gloomy view which the worthy Alder man and others took of the prospects of the cow:- 17, and he totally differed from them as to the re medy for our present distresses and difficultioc, lie 'rooked upon the entire relaxation of our commercial laws, so as to allow the free employment and circa lation of capital, as one of the best means of restoring the prosperity of the country, and he looked forward to the opening of the trade to India as a measure calculated to remove much of the distress unAcr which the country laboured.. The greatest depre ciation of the currenztv existed in 1811, and that was the very time when the greatest distress and suffer jug exist`.ld in the country. The worthy Alderman had '..eferred to the number of bankruptcies as a proof of the distress of the country. Now the average amount of bankruptcies for -the ten years preceding 1510 was 1,214, In 1810, they amounted to 2,314 ; in 1811, to 2,500; and in 1812, to 2,229 ; and during these three years there were forty-seven bankers bankrupts, while but six bankers had become bankrupt (luring the ten preceding years. Now those were periods when a great depreciation existed in the currency of the country. He therefore did not take such a gloomy view of our prospects; on the con trary, he anticipated a return of the former prosperity of the country. Mr. H. GURNEY saki, it would be impossible to Take extensive reductions in our taxation and ex penditure at present, without committing an act of riciotallbanktuptcy. ilr. ATT WOOD supported the views of the petitioners, and contended that the suggestions which they made were well worthy of the attention of the Government. Mr. PEEL said it was impossible to restore the currency of this country to a sound and I ealthy state, without producing a great deal of suffering in the country for many years. The currency, after 1797, having become greatly depreciated, they had no other alternative open to them, but either to leave " things as they were, or to do that which wonll he attended with distress and suffering for some years, to some classes in the country. Two measures offered themselves to their consideration in 1819— either to leave matters as they were, with a depre ciated standard, or to rai,e the standard by returning to a metallic currency. An equitable adjustment was also proposed thee, and it was proposed that the public creditor, with whom a debt had been con tracted in a depreciated paper currency, should, upon our returning to a metallic currency, be paid only in proportion to the value of the paper cur rency in which the debt had been contracted. The first and great objection to this was, that it would be impossible to discover the original creditor, and in the next place it would be obviously unjust to adopt such a measure in regard to those individuals i n t o w h ose h an d s those funds had subsequently passed, and who might have pur awed them in a currency but little depreciated below the existing standard. He hoped never to live to see the ti ::e when a restriction upon =he Bank would be again found necessary. It would be easy for the Government to do what was sug gested by some Hon. Members ; it would be easy ' for Government by an issue of paper wine-cease the c'etulation of the country ; but what would he the consequence ? that the exchanges would rise, and that gold would be carried out of the counrrye--- Let them but once give thepower to the Bank to issue paper not payable in gold, and all the consequences which Mr. Hume had stated in one of his essays on the increase of the currency would immediately follow. It was not necessary to look to the state of the exchanges during the last two months, to see what would be the effect of the issue of a paper currency. The Government would, by such a mean*, encourage the departure of gold from this country. It would leave the country, while the Bank would be liable still to pay in gold on demand; and he was convinced that they never could return to the issue of a paper currency, without relieving the Bank from the obligation of paying in gold. The Government was determined to adhere to the pre sent system ; and, for the reasons which he had stated, he shoal never consent to a revision or al teration of the existing currency of the country. — hear.)—The exports of the country, its im ports, and the quantity of exeiseable articles, had, during, this period, increased. As the consumption of exciseable articles had increased, the receipts of the revenue had progressively increased also. How did the Hon. Member reconcile these facts to his statement of the total depression of trade and deli , dent demand? Instead of factories having de . creased in nun.ber, or the .spirit of speculation in this respect being on the decline, the number of fac rories had sensibly increased every year since 1820, more particularly at Manchester; and, singular enough to _ay, those factories were either silk facto ' ries altogether, or factories of goods compounded of snk and cotton, or other material. In 1820 they were 54 in number, and they were assessed to the poorerates of the town at the annual value of 16,8161, In 1 . 823 there were fifty-six, and they were as sessed at a yearly value of 18,2931. In 1826, the , year in which the Small Note Bill passed, they in creased to 72, and were assessed at 24,000/. ; and ! in 1928, the year prior to the Small Notes' Bill eoming into operation, they were in number 73, and were assessed at 23,245/. annual value. It Ives true, that during a part of this period, there was some of them untenanted; but of those tenanted in 1820, there were 52 factories, whilst in 1828 there • were 60. flow, then, if trade was not going on progressively increasing, did it happen that the de sire to embark in this branch of manufacture had in .creased, from 1820 up o last year, in the propor tion of 16,8001. to 21,0004 ? The same disposi tion to speculate in this branch of manufacture had been displayed in Charlton-row and Salford, suburbs of Manchester—the former in 1820 having but five manufactories, in 1828 twelve; Salford having also 'in 1820 seven factories, in 1828 twelve. It would . be absurd to say this was an evidence of distress in this trade, or a want of incentive to speculate. Yet the Hon. Member was excessively 'sanguine in the conviction that he could prove there was, notwith standing, a cessation of demand for these articles of manufacture. To place the reverse of this argu ment in the strongest light, it was only necessary to inspect the returns before the House as to the num ber of looms at work in 1823, which was 2,300; whilst in 1828, Whilst all these abominable and ill judged measures were carrying on, the number of looms were increased to 8,400. The information he had on the subject of the silk-trade there was that the trade was brisk, and that no good manufacturer of silk was at present in want of employment. Now, were he to hazard an opinion as to the present depres sion of trade, he should be disposed to confess he attributed it to a combination of a variety of causes. Much was to be attributed last year to the over productiveness of our manufactures,—to the bad harvest not a little,—to the effect of the American tariff, a measure which it would seem had lost its efficacy in consequence of the activity of smuggling British goods into the very extensive ce-loard of the United States. Yet though : thcee ecombined and co-operated to depress trade, prices ltud re covered, and there was an improvement in the ' market, nor would he be induced to. doubt that the vessel would right itself were it afforded an _oppor e ,tunity. The excellence of out machinery and its substitution for manual labour each day threw many out of employment. This Was felt more particu larly by the poor Irish at Manchester, who crowded thither from Ireland whenever they were encouraged to expect occupation there, being enabled to Collie over at the trifling charge of lEid. a head, to a coun try which not only ir j aVe than work, but allowed them a provision trom the poor rates when ill. Their siteation had given considerable concern to the Magistrates in that district, and they had very properly, in some cases, admitted their claim to re lief from parochial funds. All these occurrences were rot without their parallels in former periods and he begged the House, esuecialy el- appearances were improving at present, not to consent to un settlf% by the appointment of a Committee, the state of the public mind on a subject of such vital im portance as that under their consideration.—( Hear.) Mr. A. BARING contended that it was the duty of the sovereign state to provide that the money currency should be characterized by its steadiness. If that principle were once disturbed or deranged, the consequence. must be, that the greatest injustice would be done to individuals, an instance of which in the case of the Government of the Cape of Good Hope be had occasion recently to mention. The public were deceived if they thought there were not sulliciemt aueommodatione in trade. Money was to be had, acid abundantly, if credit were good. The circulation of small notes was not essential. In towns equally remarkable for extensive business as others which departed from this practice, small notes were not circulated. Manchester was an instance of this. He regretted to say that he contemplated the pos sibility that in a long run this country could not be expected to maintain its ascendancy at a great ma nufacturing country, when the price of food for its artisans and people was so disproportionate to the price of food in rival manufacturing countries. There the price of corn was 30a.,—wIth us never under 60s. Trade, too, was migratory, and often shifted from long-favoured spots to suit its convenience, as a staple of this country had shifted from Devonshire to Yorkshire, and the silk-trade from Spitalfields to Manchester. There was a danger that its next migra tion might be to Germany, or some other rival nation. What we were looking for to guide our opinion is the question of what is the real cause of the altera tion in the value of money. The question was not determinable by the difference between paper and metal, for there were some of the wealthiest coun tries in Europe Avhich had rejected specie as the circulatieg medium. England had at one time scarcely an ounce of gold ; Austria the same, Den mark the same. Nearly half of Europe had got rid of specie, and had adopted paper. That circum staece of itself produced a depreciation, of specie and bullion, because the exclusion of so much metal from circulation had the-same effect as if those countries had found anew mine. The depreciation of money arising from the waking of the Mexican mines was increased by the banking system of Europe, and by the false banking system by which it had been followed, whereby an unlimited issue of paper took place. He (Mr. Bating) had happened to be one of a number of gentlemen who had been applied to by a certain court, to know what was best to be done, in consequence of the depreciation of its paper, which was in proportion to bullion as 3 to I. He said in reply, that there would be as much or more injustice in going from 3i to 1, as there had been in going from 1 to 3. Many false theories had Leen stated upon this subject, and gentlemen talked of an equitable adjust mennand others seemed to think that if the Batik paid in specie all would go right. Others thought that corn would be a correct mea sure of the depreciation of money. But he had no hesitation in saying, that if one or two years were taken it would be the very worst criterion, though it might perhaps be the best we could get if the average of a number of years were taken. The real difference in the value of money in England was nearly the difference of the price of corn. Taking it at its present price, about 555. or 60s. the dif ference between that price and 85s. or 90s. was abeut the difference between the value of money at the two periods. But the only true mode of ascertaining the real depreciation of money, was by taking the prices of all commodities together, because their ditThrenees would be corrected. There was another circum stance, in addition to what had been stated with regard to the operation of the American tariff, which pro duced a great apparent increase of trade, owing to persons anticipating this tariff and importing goods, whence the American import., which were 6,000,0004 the preceding year, rose to 8,200,0001. It would be a great advantage to this country, if by any means short of interference we could bring about some arrangement between the new South American States and the mother country, which would enable them to economize their resources, and become new customers for our manufactures. Besides the market which might be opened to us in the east, there was another of our own colonies, the disgraced Australia, which not only afforded an outlet to a population pressing on us, but raised up consumers for our ma nufactures. In the absence of any practical and certain measure of relief, we should not meddle with the question. Mr. W. HORTON took the present opportunity of addressing to the House the views which he had intended to explain upon moving the resolutions of which he had given notice, as to the distress of the labouring poor. The Right Hon. Member con tended that the population was redundant, especially in Ireland and the agricultural districts; and quoted the evidence of Mr. Northouse, given before the Emigration Committee, to show that the removal of 1,000 by emigration would give as great a relief to the country as giving employment to double that number. He alluded particularly to agricultural la bourers; and it was the redundancy of them that caused the deterioration in their wages. Some ad vocated a change in the currency as a remedy for the present distress, while others of quite an opposite character, contended that the Corn Laws were the great enemy of our general prosperity. He hiinself was convinced that no material change would take place in the Corn Laws or in the currency, and he was also convinced, that if a change were made, it would prove no efficient remedy. The House then were called upon to look fur some practical remedy. The proposition to be considered was—can and will you increase the capital applied to the employment of labour, or can and will you reduce the quantity of labour in the market ? He was decidedly of opinion that the latter course was the preferable one, and upon that opinion he had framed hie second resolu tion. The Right Hon. Gentleman then alluded to the experiment made at the recommendation of the Emigration Committee, and contended that its re sult confirmed the conclusion he maintained. Such too was the opinion of Mr. Tooke, Mr. Malthus, and others. The remedy he proposed he admitted would require a temporary sacrifice; but he contended that the ultimate good would far outweigh the present loss, and prove the measure one of true substantial economy. But it was said that the vacuum would he speedily filled up. This, however, be denied. • In the course of nature the population would in crease, but those most conversant with the subject held that the good derived from the emigration be fore the population had consideralsly increased, would entirely outweigh the expense. The Right Hon. Gentleman then alluded to the remarks which Mr. Sadler had made in his work on Ireland, on the con duct of the Emigration Committee. He had on a previous occasion endeavoured to answer those at tacks, and the Hon. Member for Newark in reply had stated that the mortality among the emigrants had been one in fourteen, while Le (Mr. Horton) should contend that it had been only one in forty. The Honourable Member for :Newark had said, that the mortality was greater than in . Constantinople and Cairo, but it appeared upon cal culation that it was not greater than in Carlisle, one of the healthiest places in England. On his own data the Hon. Member for Newark was wrong, for instead of one in fourteen, a calculation by Mr. Fin- . lavaon gave one in twenty-one. That too was taking the very worst year, that of 1825. Again, the Hon. Member for Newark stated, that the average mon tality in England was as one in fifty-nine, but the best calculations gave it one in fifty-seven in the very healthiest spots. By further calculations too, made by Mr. Finlayson; it appeared that the deaths among the new settlers . were not so great in propor tion as among the poetr in this country. It was not fair in the Hon. Met - Ober for Newark to take the single year of .1:623. That year was a most unfor tunate one, and upen a series of years, accordieg to the calculations of Mr., Fitilayson, the mortality among the emigrants had been one in forty. He did not make these statements to lead to exag gerated notions of the salubrity of the Canadas, but to vindicate the Emigration Committee. His only object in proposing Insßesolutions was, to have them put on record. Mr. SADLER said that the Right Hon. Gen tleman had been so courteous as to place into his }lauds, since be had entered the House, a copy of the paper from which he had read his calculations; but as the paper containing those calculations was printed, and there had been plenty of time, he should hive felt the courtesy much greater had he been furnished with it some few days before. As it was he would meet the subject. ile had not taken a particular year but the entirety of the period. He could take no portion of the time, for no data was given for such a calculation. But the state ment allowed by the Right lion. Gentleman was a mortality of one in twenty-one— -a frightful destruc tion. But let the Right Hon. Gentleman look at the births and deaths. The deaths were nearly two to one birth, and if that did not establish the con elusion to which he Lad come, he knew not what could.—(Hear.)—He repeated that the mortality in the Fever Hospital in Dublin had not been so great as that among the emigrants from the time of their sailing to the period of making up the report.— (Hear, hear.)—He denied too the fertility of the Canadas, especially in grain. There was another point too which ought not to be lost sight of. No . less than 133 of the emigrants were absent from their locations, and that surely was no proof of the prosperity of the parties through whom the experi ment bad been made.—(Hear, hear.)—While he was on his legs be would notice the Right Hon. Gentleman's remarks on the redundancy of the population. From the beginning of time up to the present hour, in almost all countries, had there been some politicians who complained of a superabundant population. The savage who roamed on his square mile, complained of a superabundant population— (Hear)—aed thought he must thin his race by war, to insure his own subsistence. He would not go into the question to the full extent that history , would euable him, but content himself with allud ing to the reigns of Henry the Eighth and of Eli zabeth. In those periods the doctrine of the Right Hcn. Gentleman had been promulgated, but Lord Bacon silenced the supporters of the position.— (Hear.)—They were told the agricultural labourers were superfluous, but the very first piece of evi dence appended to the Emigration Committee Re• port showed that there was a great scarcity of labourers in the summer months.—( Hear, hear.) — It had not pleased Providence to distribute agricul tural labour equally throughout the year, but if the agricultural labourers were diminished, the consum mation of the object of all agricultural exertions would be impracticable.—(Cheers.)—While man kind was held in slavery and thraldom, the popula tion was not thought superabundant. So long as one human being was the slave of another he was considered of some value. In Barbadoes, where the population was twice as dense in proportion as in this country, and the means of subsistence infinitely less, there was no complaint of a redundimt popula tion, for there slavery still reigned. The poet's doctrine had been— The day that made a man a slave Took half his worth away; but the new notion appeared to be that the day a man became free he became worth nothing at. all.— (Cheers.)—He should not have said one word but for the personal allusions which had been male to himself, and he had to apologise to the House for trespassing upon its attention. He should give to the whole of the subject his best attention, and take an early opportunity next Session of further and fully attempting to support the opinioni he had ven tured to titter.—(Hear, hear.) _ _ Mr. HUSKISSON contended that Colonization ought to be encouraged. had it not been for emi gration, this country could never have reached its present state of importance and prosperity, nor would our languag e have been extended to the United States, and been adopted in more distant countries. The Right Hon. Gentleman could not accede to the Views of the Hon. Member (Mr. Sadler.)—He could not see that England had suf fered front the emigration of her subjects to the United States. The Hon. Gentleman considered it impossible to increase too much the population of a country. China, in the lion. Gentleman's opi nion, was the best country in the world. Ireland and England could contain a larger population, but that population must be employed. He thought emigration with capital advantageous to the country, but sending out paupers would be attended by more difficulty than many imagined. The Right Hon. Gentleman, adverting to the question of the Cur rency, said he had the good fortune to know front the discussion that evening, and the discussion on a former . occasion elsewhere, that there was no intention to alter the currency. Ile knew it would ba coi.trary to good policy to return to a paper currency. If the Government had not abandoned the small note system of 1825, the country would never have recovered from a state of poverty and distress ; it must ultimately have produced a revolution in all the relations of so ciety. When Hon. Gentlemen spoke of the diffi culty and pressure of the present moment, he should say, if they had relaxed from their system adopted since 1825, the result would have' been such a panic as that which occurred in 1825. lie was glad to find that Government would not depart from that system, which, although it had led to temporuy suffering and distress, would ultimately rescue the country from destruction. It there was one circum stance more striking than another, it was the pro digious increase of consumption. Instead of that being a misfortune, as the Hon. Alderman called it, he considered it a proof of the growing wealth and resources of the country. In the year 1814, the exchange in trade was against us ; now it was in our favour. The Hon. Alderman had stated that the cheapness of the raw material had reduced the price of manufactured goods. It was so; but the question was, what was this country with respect to the trade of the world? Why, the people of England were the greatest exporters in the world, and how could we carry on trade and sell in the fo- . reign market unless the raw material was cheap ? In the United States, where they had committed many errors, they had limited their manufactures to their own markets; consequently they were liable to great fluctuation in trade, and incapable of com peting with England. Export trade was most ad vantageous, and every facility should be given to the removing restraint on the importations of raw material. By that system he was convinced the country would be saved. Periods of temporary dif ficulty would occur, but those difficulties would find relief in the great cheapness of articles. Th e em barrassments of the moment did not prove a want of national prosperity. This country would carry on its great affairs with as small a portion of metallic currency as possible, but let them guard against a system which had led to deprecation of the cur rency, and the panic which was felt in 1825. He had heard somewhere a metaphor respecting paper currency. Like a sky-rocket, it rose with splen dour, but lost its brightness, and when its fire was extinguished, it fell in darkness, like the shaft of the rocket, upon the heads of those who had raised it. _ . Mr. CRIPPS said, there were different causes of the evils now existing inihis country, among Nalich, perhaps, .overtrading and .tampering with the cur rency might be numbered. He thought a limited circulation of notes might be allowed, for that would alleviate the distresses of the country, by making the currency larger in its amount than at present — a want of which he believed to be at this moment one of the causes of distress. Mr. Alderman WAITHNIAiN had been mistaken. He only said, or meant to say, that low prices could not exist with heavy taxation, because the manufacturer must be ruined by the operation of the two causes. l Mr. BARING believed that the Canadas were by no means in the state that had been described by the Hon. Member for Newark (Mr. Sadler), and thought that if the fact could be ascertained, it would be found that there was more fever in the county of Essex than in the wi,ole of Upper Canada. Mr. WODEHOUSE—If we should happen to have a good harvest this year, the consequence would be that we should be visited by our old friend, over-production ; while, on the other band, if the harvest was bad, all our currency would be exported to France and other countries on the Continent, and the, nation would suffer that way. \Vas it not evi dent that the consequence of a gold currency Would be, that it would be brought into a most withering contraction, and so cut off that trade which was of the highest importance to the country ? Mr. PEEL—In consequence of the course of po licy which he bad deemed it advisable to adopt in the present Session ; a series of unfounded calum nies bad been levelled at hint, which, however, be had despised too much to condescend to notice But there was one which, as it reflected on his public and official character, he would, with the : permission of the House, allude to on that occasion. The report to which he alluded was, that he had used his influence as Secretary of State to procure an enormous grant of land for a relative of his.— (Hear, hear.)—ln consequence of seeing this report in the public newspapers, he had requested his Right lion. Friend to move in that House for the production of certain papers calculated to explain the whole matter. Those papers had in conse quence been produced, and were now printed ; he i• trusted, however, that the House would excuse him for again alluding to the subject.—(Hear, hear.) — He had hoped that the consequence of those papers being printed would have been, that some Member would have asked some questions on the subject ; but though this was not the case, he had received a communication which made him think that some one out of doors had been imposed upon by the calumny, though no Member of that House had been so deceived.—(Cheering.)—He begged, in the first place, to state most distinctly that he had pro cured no grant of land for any brother of his.— (Hear, hear.)—A gentleman, whose name was the same as his, and who was his second cousin, had had a grant made him by his Right Hon. Friend; but in that gram he begged to state to the House, upon his word of honour, as a gentletnan, be had had no participation whatever.—(Hear, hear.) — Indeed, he really had so many cousins, and second cousins, that it was not very likely that he should use his influence in procuring large grants in their favour. But with respect to this case, the fact simply was, that some time since his ' cousin informed him that it was his intention to go out to New South Wales as a settler.— This was in the month of June, 1828. In consequence of this communication from his cousin, he wrote a letter to his Right Hon. Friend to the effect, that a relation of his, of the name of Thomas Peel, who was possessed of ample means and good character, proposed going out to the Colony as a settler, and that he should be obliged to his Right Hon. Friend to give his cousin any facilities that be properly could. He certainly did not think that this letter was any undue exercise of his influence. (Hear, hear.)—All that he had done was, on tinder- standing that his cousin purposed going to New South Wales, as a settler, to ask his Right Hon. Friend to give him any facility that he consistently could. With respect to the settlement on the Swan River, be was ashamed to say that he had neither heard nor knew of it, till he received a letter front his cousin, announcing to him that he had abandoned the idee of going to New South Wales ; and that from the circumstance of Mr. Twi;s informing him that Government would be disposed to afford aseist ancOto any settlers going to the Swan River, he and three other gentlemen had been induced to send in a proposal to that effect. He had subsequently inquired of his Right Hon. Friend . on this peiur, and understood from him that no arrangement had been made in consequence of that proposal, and front the particulars which his Right Hon. Friend had afforded him, he had stated his conviction that he hail done perfectly right in declining the pro posal ; in fact, the plan proposed was upon so large a scale, that his Right Hon. Friend had not thought it right to enter into any such arrangement till a full report was received from Captain Stirling, respect ing the capabilities of the settlement ; and in con sequence, his cousin had been recommended to go there as au individual settler. Whether the grant to him had been right or wrong, he -(Mr. Peel) would not endertake to say : all that he -had to do was, to assure the House on the honour of a gen tleman, that he bad never made any application, either directly or indirectly, to his Right Hon. Friend further than what he had already stated ; and that wl en the grant was made it never had even been communicated to him.—(Hear ' hear.)—With re spect to the other calumnies which had been pro mulgated against him, they rather went to private matters, and he bad therefore not condescended to notice them ; but as. this one had reference to the public department in which he officiated, he had thought it so far a public concern, as to venture to ask the attention of the House while he trespassed on it to disclaim any participation in the grant that had been made.—! Hear, hear.) Sir G. MURRAY—The House would, pro haldv, think, after the statement of his Right Hon. Friend, that it would be unnecessary for hint to rise to addles them.—(Hear, hear.)—He was satisfied that the House knew that his Right Hon. Friend was incapable of proposing any thing that would come under the designation of what was vulgarly called a job—(llcar, hear)—and if the House knew his character as well as they did that of his Right Hon. Friend, they woul.l also feel that, even suppos ing his Right Hon. Friend could have proposed such a thing, he never would have acceded to it.—(Hear, hear.)—The House was already in possession of some of the particulars of the grant ; to those might he added, that the proposal made by Mr. Thomas Peel and his friends went to the taking out of 10,000 persons to the Swan Wver, in consequence of which the Colonial Department had felt that this would be risking to' flinch in the present early state of the settlement. They had been advised to arrange their proposal on a less extensive scale; three of the gentlemen bad, in consequence, weir* but Mr. .Thomas Peel still adhered to the scheme. This, however, was merely accidental, and it might just as well have happened that Mr. McQueen, or any of the other gentlemen had remained, and Mr. Thomas Peel retired.—(Hear, hear.)—After this time all the proceedings went on in the Colonial Office without his Right Hon. Friend havin g arty acqUaintance with them,—(Hear, h e ar.)—He did not complain of what had appeared in the public were open to every one, they must papers,fr necessarily ia sthey often be mad e th e channel ofca lumniesi ca lumnies and mis-statements, as well as of useful in formation ; and as this was well known to be the case, he had not thought it necessary to insert in them any contradiction of t h e statemen t a ll u d e d t o . Mr. B.R.OUGHAM—He believed he should be but speaking the sense of the ss hole House when he said that he -had hearth for the first time in his life the Right Hon. Gentleman make a speech that was wholly unnecessary.—(Hear, That it would have the effect out of doors of .silencing these who had taken up the sulject was more than he could answer for ; but this he would venture to pronounce, that if this calumny produced no effect abroad, so it produced no effect in that House, and might, there fore, be treated with the contempt it . deserved, though, perhaps, as the matter had' some public re ference, the Right Hon. Gentleman had pursued the safer course in thus affording it an unequivocal de hear.)—The Hon. and Learned Gent. then proceeded to reply to the observations that had been made on the petition which he had presented : Upon the subject of the currency, which had en grossed so much of the attention of the House during the discussion, lie would merely say; that at the time when the Noble Lord, now a Member .of the other House (Radnor), brought the question of an equitable adjustment under consideration in the years 1819 and 1822, he (Mr. Brougham) thought: that it did not receive all the attention which it de served. The House decided then against the proposal of an adjustment—the time being of all others the best fitted for such an attempt, because the currency had not been raised from its state of depreciation. If, therefore, they were of opnion that an adjustment should not take place then, how much less was it fit that it should take place now, when those great changes had been effected to wWch Hon. Members alluded. That adjustment was now placed beyond their power ; and all he had now to hope was, that no possible state of circumstances would ever induce the Legislature again to tamper with the currency. Mr. A. BARING would merely say, in answer to the last observation of the Hon. Member (Mr. Brougham), that the Government of this country could not support the expence of two campaigns in any war in which they might have the misfortune to be engaged, without hem , / driven to that tam pering which the Hon. Member contlemned. Mr. BROUGHANI, in reply, expressed his pleasure to hear that they possessed so good reason, in addition to many others, for avoiding the evils in future. The petition was then ordered to be printed. ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE. Mr. Secretary PEEL gave notice of his intention to move, on Friday, that the House adjourn until the Friday following. TURNPIKE BILLS. On the motion of Mr. LITTLETON, it was or dered that all Committees on petitions for leave to bring in Bills to continue and amend Acts establish• ing turnpike trusts, be henceforth discontinued; and that the parties lie required to prove their compli ance With the Standing Orders before the Com mittee on the Bills. DISTRESS OF THE LABOURING CLASSES. . Mr. W. HORTON said, that after what had taken place during the evening, he should not offer any further observations on his resolutions respecting the causes of, or remedies for, the .distress among the labouring and manufacturing classes. The resolutions were then pu — t and negatived. CANADA. Mr. LABOUCHERE postponed unzil to morrow (this day) his motion for Papers respecting Canada. SLAVE TRADE. Mr. OTWA.Y CAVE then said—ln moving the Resolutions which I shall have the honour of sub mitting to the House, having for their object the freedom, of all children born of , slave, parents after the first of January, 1830, I do not pretend to any originality, nor can I be charged with any presump tion, when this House is reminded that this very proposition was brought forward so long as about thirty years ago, by one of the most favored Minis ters of the Crown, sanctioned also and countenanced by the West Indian proprietors themselves. I should do injustice to the subject, and take up the time of the House unnecessarily, were I to enter into any detailed arguments in support of these Resolutions, because they only require. to be enun ciated that they may at once be recognised l.y thiS or any other Representative Assembly, professing to be guided by justice ; and I only call upon this House to uphold its own principles, and to protect -those rights which must be admitted to exist de fare, although they are daily and notoriously violated de facto, in our colonies. In all the discussions which have taken place on this great and con stitutional question, the essential distinction ap pears to have been most unaccountably lost sight of between things and human beings—between things brutish or inanimate, nhiclt are. in them selves incapable of having any natural rights of their own—and human . beings, all - of whom have natural rights, namely,•those of life. and-liberty —for the protection Of which all laws and legisla tures are instituted—which No law or legishiture can confer or take away, unless where crime be com mitted. It will be quite enough, us it appears to me, to quote only two authorities on the point. The first is Blackstone, wile in book 1, chap. 10, says, " That those rights which God and nature have established, and are therefore called natural rights (such as are life and liberty), need not the aid of human laws, to be more effectually vested in every man than they are; neither do they receive any ad ditional strength, when declared by municipal, or hu man laws, to be inviolable. On the contrary, no hu man legislature has power to abridge or destroy them, unless the owner shall himself commit some criminal act that amounts to a forfeiture." I will only add to that, the opinion of Sir H. C. Tindall, whose authority fur professional attainment and sobriety of judgment, will not, I think, be disputed by any one who hears me. He saes, " Every subject of time State has a right to life and liberty, and the Go vernment that would invade those rights, would not only violate the law, but would be acting on a prin ciple whose operation would destroy the Govern ment itself. But to deny public offices to persons holdirg opinions injurious to the State, is quite another thing from the deprivation of natural rights." —May sth, 18'28, Debate on the Catholic Ques tion.-1 assert, on Blackstone's authority, there fore, that all the British born subjects, as the Ne groes are admitted to be, are from their birth en titled to the protection of the Sovereign in return for their allegiance ; and that no Legislature on earth is competent to take away from them their title to that protection. Time, I admit, may give a good legal title to property, however originally acquired ; but the rule is only applicable to things i nan i mate or brutal, which having no inherent rights of their own, are capable of being subjected to the artificial pro prietary interests of civil society, and as the only question with respect to such things is, who shall possess them, time, custom, and possession are the best guides to decide the dispute. The rule has no sort of application to human beings, and 110 British subject can therefore be legally compelled to be come the slave of another British subject. Let us no longer, therefore, be told, that innocent British children are condemned to slavery within the domi nion of the British Crown, by any other principle than that of the law of the strongest. Sir, forty years have now elapsed since this great Constitu tional question- has been brought before the House, yet nothing definite has yet been done to put an end to a state of things which may perhaps be a matter of indifference to the frivolous and worldly-minded, but which is deplorable, shocking, and revolting to the religious, the generous, and the humane ; and I trust that this House will not separate without prey flouncing - an opinion upon it. The Hon. Member concluded by moving the following Resolutions : " Resolved, Ist. That nu human Legislature has any lawful pow: rto abridge or destroy the natural rights f life and liberty, unless the owner shall himself commit some criminal act that amounts to a forfeiture. " 2. That although neither the GoVernment nor the -Legislature of this country have arrogated to themselvi s the power of destroying the natural rights of innocent British subjects, or of delegating any such power to other authorities, it is a notorious fact that in many British Colonies lying remote from the immediate observation of the Government, innocent British born subjects are, from the' time of their birth, robbed of their natural rights, and converted into slaves. _ _ _ " S. That it is the especial duty of this House, as the Representatives of the - people, to take effeillal measures for prot sting all British subjects that shall be - porn hence forward in . the West Indian Colonies, from similar viola tions of their natural, inherent, and Paramount rights a, human beings." - The motion being seconded by Mr. LUMLEY, Mr. W. SMITH said he could not gtve his sup port to these resolutions, because they were con nected with a question of too much importance to be agitated in such a manner, and at such a period of the session. Mr. HUSKISSON was of opinion that resale• dons of such a description as the-e brought forward by the Honourable Member, ought to be met by direct negative. _ Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, and the House. proceeded to divide ; but as it appeared that no Member's supported the Resolutions except the - - 60' Mover the Seconder, anu twat _toe - L.lolr, • fore, bad no Members to act as Telleri, tia3 .• lotions • lotions were declared to be negatived..,, division. c4e 4 ' The other Orders of the were t at 4 hen O n , of, and the House adjourned at Halt-pa St. o'clock. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS .D . FROM LLOYD'S • DEAL, JUNE 4.Wind W.—Arrived tb e -1611 .4 °' --- Renwick, Tut ner, froM - Jamaica; and Juliana, frP.,: Berm!. Passed from 'London, the Asia, for low' PORTSMOUTH, JUNE 4.—Wifid Westerly :51, i rived the Brighton, ',Cyber, from New It e ; Passed the Lord Amherat, Ardley, from 01 1 1 sailed the 20th of January;Cape the 24th 0(1 4 , 1°, 0 and St. Helena the 16th of April. Sailed the 'he transport, for Halifax; - Atwick, Jeffries, fir ,tfor Swan River; and Duke of Bedford; BoviePt.. Madras . . ; 04 1 PLYMOUTH, JUNE 3.—Wind the Ann and Amelia transport; from Malta. the Mary Ann, Hopton, for Van Dieman's LaA r i The Reliance, Timmins, from China, has 00 e d off Brighton. The General Kyd, Serle, from London; 111-0 , BI :0 11 Ma:ia, from the Isle of France; the Sarah' gy p. gerford, Heath, both from Bengal, Tore: iffy ; the Mountaineer; Canny, and Lord l3 ," t St. Helena. •. The Albion, from Tobago, is supposed to be ar tn , rived off Plymouth ; and the Union, from St. Vin ce. ; in the Downs. have arrived TRIUMPHAL ENTRY OF MR. O'CON I,- r,lf INTO DUBLIN. I(From the Dabl;n Fieeman's Journal of Wedste,4lo Yesterday having been fixed upon as the dill ° ' o I which Mr. O'Connell was to return from Eng tt a number of. gentlemen proceeded at an eirly °l O to Kingstown, where a steamboat .was in read ines 3 to convey them to Howth, where Mr. O'Cl)nra was to have arrived by the Holyhead packet. Itid little time the steamer entered Howth harbour, ° li lt the Committee went ashore. It would be elidic ti d to describe the meeting of the immortal - patr i6t his friends. Greetings of th e most arden t h e re l merited the joyous occasion: Mr,.O'Connell blue a blue frock, with the Association buttons, trowseTs, and a blue travelling cap, with a 0 1 1 w ' o u e cl surmounted with a bit of green ribbon. He L ° remarkably weil after all his toils for the libP ral f of .his country. The party having formed - P: procession, along the quay, got on board the steam ` about 1 o'clock, the band playing_" Home Home." , mist When the party gained the " midway," - ta e r o rt which hung over Kingstown during the enritree of the morning was di ss ip a t e d by a -brilliant 003..5f the sky was quite serenethe surface of the of was almoet unruffled—and the romantic scen ei,. e d th Dublin Bay broke upon the view. The entire l e . of way, from the left pier as far as the Fortr ctiot°4°o road, and thence on to the Anglesea Arkrivbe crowded with men and women—the young al l . u ; L e old—and all rivalling each other in enthusias o :4o elamations. When the Kingsto wit e nterti , :d Royal Harbour, two more rockets Were fire age the band struck up, " S e e th e conquering. 7 t il comes." The moment was tr u ly happy- --4 '%e: shout of welcome issued from the s hore, and $ O5 !. i f v t sponded to by plaudits, whi c h, if no t so loud, 4 be -. . certainly not less rapturous. In a few mints teo ire entire party were safely landed upon the spot °b jo Majesty took his departure from IrelaM' re 1821. The shouts of applause at that moment really astounding, and it was not till after fr i q uel e , remonstrances that silence was in some inea g l re 4 .. . stored.NKtiirfgesto and n eo c i l ho O rd i degrelln7lnesimepeearjyri:eiapwlpifir°oei:Chaebe ea' tenor, and having greeted him upon his presented Mr. O'Connell with a very elegant: and aid posite address, couched in energetic lanFitage , expressive of the sense cut e: twined by the inhattio,7 l of Kingstown and its vicinity, of Mr. O'Conne.%t virtues, both public and private, and of the and incalculable good he has achieved for his.enu.'; try.. Mr. O'Connell.. returned a verbal answer , 1 1 which he warmly acknowledged the compliT e h li i. paid to him, and pledged himself to 'devote' ab ge - , faculties and. time during the -remainder :of. his to the improvement of Ireland—her agriculture , P i g nutactures, and trade, and to the amelioration ce the condition of her people. Mr. O'Connell th en d, proceeded along the Rail-road, as far as the silt house, and was followed by a vast crowd of Iva i n lj. hearted people. • Exactly opposite to the st a- Al s atre i !i d ea e: rri Lts ivbal a c: : house, was the carriage in which Mr. CeCt - e j ‘ ‘-l e '' h ls ic t l o e, b • e dr e a o l l i i - v n ey b e y d horses, belonging to Quinn of Bray.. - The.Pt t e, sixto thfienecitgyr.ey,lto‘rvasr4athvierrY,..wer:bhtie; lions wore sky-blue jackets, turned up With g i ro Immediately before this, stood the carriages id Earl of Miltown, Mr. O'Connell's, conttoni° 6 'c w daughters and youngest son, Mr..Fiessineon s, raining Air. and Mrs. Fitzsimon, Mr.• - Mabr iY he: O'Brien's, and Mr. Browift,• 4111 ", 0 hind Mr. O'Connell's carriage were 11 bleo Many carriages, gigs, and jaunting cars,. b e9 o l an innumerable crowd of horsemen and pedest r :; There could not have been less than 35,000 Pe r n - 11 ,t1 on the beach at the moment of the landingf ai lier when the cavalcade reached the Rock, the l i— he re must have increased to 50,000. At Merrien. t " t he was a very neat triumphal arch drawn actes 9 l ,o4 road, and at either end were flags bearing te patriotic inscriptions. The cortege reached street about four o'clock. At Nassau-street i t ,et not without much difficulty, and the most ettr : t k entreaties of Mr. O'Connell himself, that'the cede was permitted to pass through—the PeP ti t he having formed the whimsical notion of dravynicirilo Liberator's carriage around the statue of King liam the Third. In Leiester-street, the crowd s oe ped the carriage, opposite Mr. Shell's-house , s" t he they gave three hearty cheers. As soon as. oo , procession reached the corner of South Afe rr iibe square, it was found impossible to advance. , t he idea elf getting the people to move on was out C o ss' queatiore After a few minutes' delay Mr. h C t nell and his two sons, and a few friends abg — i e vi and in a little time. his presence on the balee-iih surrounded by his amiable family, was cheered ; c t be enthusiasm. From• the balcony he addresse' i os multitude, but so great was the noise we cou ld ce . hear a word. The caned began to disperse , P e mit ably, at six o'clock. We are happy to state ;of no accident marred the harmony and jolousnes the occasion. to His 'AIAJIis rY entertained a select Pr t e Y 5?. dinner yesterday, at his residente in the King's Palm Jawes';. Y es- The Duke of CUMIiEIII,AND left towo sir terday, morning., in a carriage and four, attendetiwiloor GEORGE QUENTIN, Colonel POTEN, and Colonel iilippyol TON, for Epsom Races, after witnessing which, 13i i, s 1 1 $0, , Highness returned to his residence iu the King' St. JJIneS ' Ll. • • el Baron Btmow, the Prussian Minister, -te, the French Char g e d'Affaires, transacted business Yegiori day at the Office of the Secretary of State fu r 14' • Affairs. A Deputation from the Australian C° ll . / F i jaY. attended at the Coloni:il-office, Dawnin g -street , Yetfr and hid a conference with the CIL% NCE LLOA Of •. t..7 • cirEeuEa. . a rr. ALNIACK'S Grand Ball on Wednesday e v t ' 0 ,4 - i ing was numerously and fashionably attended ; i 6 — of f '' ' highness the Duke of CUNIBERLAND. Princes 1 ° 251 ' th e sic:. and DE CIIIMAY, the Duke of BcccLE,-rc_tr i per' Duchess of MoNraosE, and many other distingui°v'. sons. were present. -. , r vi' 0 On Monday afternoon, a public dill' l o ff, fn iv t en in the Exchange Hall, Nottingham (Lord RO c h , 0 1 civil and to commemorate the recent triturP—ifero religioir liberty. Nearly 300 rers °l4 :- present.