The Sun. — London, England, 1829-09-10 00:00:00

THE LATE FAILURES. (From the Times.) A Correspondent, who signs himself " Peter Playfair," has written us a clever and very long letter, which, for the sake of " fair play," tie publish. The subject of tLis letter is too important not to force its,-Zupon the attention of every man in the immunity, but in the treatment of it there was no occasion for our correspondent to misre present our meaning in his remarks on one of our late articles. We never imputed the distress of the manu facturing world of England, though he says we did, "to the taxes," as its principal cause. There was another source of misery which lay much deeper, and overlaid the nation more ex tensively even than the taxes ; and if reference be made to our article of the 2d instant, every reader may satisfy himself upon that point, namely, the inevitable downfall of the.t manu facturing and commercial monopoly, by which an immense manufacturing and commercial po pulation has been called into action—we might have said into being,—and supported for veass, and fed with the hope of unchangeable markets and of never-failing prices. While the action has, from irresistible causes, relaxed, the markets have been stocked with foreign competitors, the prices have fallen, and the support been cut away from under the feet of the disappointed and half-paid workmen. This we broadly stated to be the disease of our system,—of a s , stem in its nature artificial, forced, subjected to vicissitudes partly inherent in itself, partly produced by ex ternal pressure ; and we added, what most men will allow, that the evil was aggravated (not en gendered) by an immense and undiminished weight of taxes, more disproportioned than they had ever been to the resources of the country and the capacities of the people. But we like wise added, what Mr. Playfair has curiously dis torted—" that England must contract her ma nufacturing theatre, and become less absolutely an instrument of mechanical production." Yes, we did use these words ; but, in doing so, did we state the proposition as containing a cure for the present diseases ? On the contrary, it was but the development —the consequence and il lustration of their nature : we said, not that it must be adopted as a remedy, but that " it must and would take place," as an effect, whether we might call for it or deprecate it,—whether we alight strive to hasten or avert it. Our correspondent, after imputing to us as the nostrum of our choice, that which we con templated no otherwise than as a result of the public malady, goes on fluently to charge us with preaching up the " doctrine of the Luddites," " Destroy," quoth Mr. Playfair, " a certain por tion of the intelligence, the capital, and the in habitants, that the fruits of industry may be diminished, and consequently that the remaining portion of inhabitants, who may survive the smash, may be able to exist a few years longer," &c. Now, really, this is no just representation of our sentiments. We need but repeat, as the plain meaning of our article, that neither the capital nor the intelligence (which is also capi tal) of our manufacturers would henceforth, in all human probability, be able to send forth so much of the fruits of manufacturing industry, because they will not be able to force against an universal competition an equal sale of those fruits, and to provide an equal support for the industrious hands which produce them, as when there was no competition, With Peter Playfair's applause of Mr. Pitt at one moment, for " encouraging activity in com merce and manufactures," and his reprobation of him at another, for " encouraging the lords of the soil" by a corn monopoly, of which (we agree with our correspondent in asserting) the effect must be to deaden the manufacturing and commercial power, it is no business of ours to dispute ; but in pursuance of our former opi nion, we affirm that such an enormous portion of the people of this country have been— whether wisely or ignorantly is another question—thrown into the manufacturing sys tem, as to render Great Britain generally more dependent upon precarious tastes and fashions, among foreigners, and more exposed, at the same time, to foreign rivalry in the grati fication of such uncertain indulgences, than she ever was, before the last fifteen years—than any other kingdom has been in the history of the world, or than the public tranquillity and safety would appear to a reflecting mind to permit. If we be asked for a remedy, we are not so flip pantly primed and prepared as some of our neighbours appear to be. How far the retracing of our footsteps out of the manufacturing waste which threatens ere long to be forced upon us, may bring about a final amelioration of this evil, without creating others almost as deplorable, we shall not venture to pronounce. Even an open ing of the corn-law monopoly, which on high principles of justice and humanity we would join our correspondent in earnestly demanding from the aristocracy of England, might, by re ducing prices and wages, but tend to a further accumulation of manufacturing bulk, and a pro gressive pressure of hands upon employment, which Mr. Playfair, copying Mr. Malthus, de nominates a pressure of population against food. Still we are ready to join our countrymen in the cry for bread, and leave the rest to Providence. It seems quite monstrous that the trade in human sustenance should be that trade wherein, of all others, there is the least approach to freedom. TO THE EDITOR. SlR,—The leading article in your paper of the 2d of September, upon the numerous failures which are daily taking place amongst the manufacturers of this country, shows that misfortunes sometimes produce good fruit, by forcing people seriously to consider their condition ; and most happy should I be to find that you apply your intelligent mind and powerful pen in investigating those causes which you admit are now operating, which must be looked at boldly, and which must be represented honestly, if we wish to uphold the State. If you will do this boldly and fearlessly, as you can find time and space, I have no doubt that you will make an impression upon the public mind, be fore the meeting of the next Session of Parliament, which may form a ground-work for a reform in our present system of operations, than which nothing can be conceived more mischievous and oppressive upon the manufacturers. When I tell you that I have been for upwards of a quarter of a century a regular reader of your jour nal, and when I remark the great influence which it continues to have over the minds of the great mass of the people, I need not say more to assure you that I always examine your reasonings with in terest, and have a fervent desire that they should be not only generally, but always, cogent and true. In your reasoning upon this question 1 have the misfortune to differ widely from you, and therefore have presumed to offer you a few remarks. You observe that there are causes o p erat i ng at present to harass and distress the country, and that certain ignorant or interested people assign as their causes the late liberal policy of the Government, in giving a greater freedom to trade; and, secondly, the calling in of the 1/. notes, thereby sounding a condemnation of such opinions are sufficiently in telligent and convincing, to all rational people. It cannot be denied that all great changes, even from the most vicious system to the most beneficial must be attended with some loss and inconvenience to some parties, however cantlbusly brought about ; but there rntint be Something wrong in the Construc tion of that man's mind, which comes to the con clusion, that this long continued and appalling pros tration of our commerce arises from these whole some measkires-, we agree as to what are not:the causes, but o w come to what you say are thr: taxes in:which opinion I wid e ly differ froth you. It must be admitted, that all taxes tend to depress the industry of the country, and therefore the lighter they are, the better; and, further, that. any tae more than are necessary for th.e ratzte,oU of the property and persons of the King's subjects, and for the maintenanto of the dignity of the King's family, are a decided evil. I must also admit, that aftcr these are sufficiently provided for, there ore taxes drawn from the people of this country un necessarily ; but that the amottnt or these unneces sary taxes can accOnnt for one tithe of the horrid misery and diitress which have for some years ground down the manufacturing population of this country, I utterly deny. Consider for a moment what relief ;Tat could ex pect from this cause of evil, which may be taken in round numbers at 55,000 ) 000/. You condemn the dishonest knavet7 of cheating the public creditor, and therefore must pay their interest, which amounts to .30,000,000/., your army, navy, ordnance, &c. cost 20,000,000/. more, which I itragi'ne could not be much reduced at preset; and, after these, you have only 5,000,0001., out of which you must pay your civil lie:, your judges, your pensioners, and many things besides, before you can come to the ta*ings, which, according to your reasoning, are to form so important a part in giving relief to this dis tressed country. Excuse me when I say that such an assertion, coming fiom some other quarters, would be con sdered only as throwing out a tub to the whale; and although your oldest friends believe you to be both incorrupt and incorruptible, yet there are those on the watch to whose evil eye it would be desirable to give no gratification. Why, Sir, there is more labour and industry, and capital, perishing for want of employment at this moment in this country, than, if employed, would ten times over pay all the sav ings which could possibly be made in taxation. And why are they not employed ? I shall endeavour to answer that, after considering the remedy which you have proposed for this state of misery : to which re medy I would give an unqualified condemnation. Besides the relief from taxation, which would be beneficial to all classes, to the amount which could safely be granted, the only remedy which you pro pose is, that England " mnst contract her manufac turing theatre, and become less absolutely an instru ment of mechanical production. The transition may be trying, but it must and will take place." Now, Sir, what is this but the doctrine of the Luddites in the mouth of the Editor of the Times journal ? Destroy a certain portion of the gence, the capital, and the inhabitants, that the fruits of industry may be diminished, and consequently that the remaining portion of inhabitants who may survive the smash, may be able to exist a few years longer, or until the same circumstances arise, which they will as certainly do as the winter will follow the harvest, unless we either change our system, or be come a nation of Hottentots, in which latter case we shall need not to trouble ourselves with political speculations. Surely, Sir, the aim and end of every lover of his species, and particularly of every statesman, must be by all means in his power, to increase and multiply the comforts of the people among whom he lives ; and how can he administer more effectually to their temporal wants, than by precisely reversing this doctrine of yours? Instead of " contracting their manufacturing theatre," would he not, on the con trary, recommend to them in the strongest manner to bring all the intelligence, the capital, and the in dustry which they could command into full play— to encourage every invention which would abridge labour --not to scratch soil with a stick after the in vention of a spade—nor to carry it away in their fingers after the discovery of a wheelbarrow—neither to use the distaff in preference to the spinning-jenny —nor the hand-shuttle in preference to the fly—nor the hand pump in preference to the steam-engine In short, Sir, would he not say to them, extend the theatre of your manufactures, and become more and more the encouragers of mechanical power, for you will thereby add to the wealth and comfort of the great body of the people ? He will have shoes and hose who never had them before; he will have two shirts who before had but one; and the gentleman who indulged in one suit before, may now indulge in two; and the lady whose rustling garment used to descend to her grand-daughter, may now have one per annum. Now, Sir, all this has been done, and well done, in England ; and, moreover, must continue to be done, and must be extended if we mean to hold our place among the nations ; and yet misery and dis tress are the portion of too many of the very persons who have brought all these comforts to us. I have already taken up more of your space than I intended, but as I have impugned your opinion of the causes and cures for this distress, I shall briefly state what, in my opinion, is the cause, and what would be the true cure. It has been the constant policy of every states man in my time, from Mr. Pitt downwards, to en courage this activity in commerce and manufactures, and wisely so, for otherwise this country must fall into a declining and more miserable condition than it is even now. Under their fostering care and liberal policy, as regards commerce and manufactures, an immense trading population has been created, pos sessed of greater capital, greater intelligence, greater industry, and greater mechanical ingenuity, than ever before appeared upon the face of the earth; they have wonderfully enriched the King's domi nions ; they have greatly increased the comforts of all classes of the King's subjects, from the lowest to the highent. Every man, woman, and child, has abundance of bodily raiment; the trading classes have done all this by their industry and intelligence in their various callings, and yet your Journal gives us, from day to day, the most lamentable accounts from every quarter of the island, that these very in dividuals are absolutely perishing for want of bread. You have stated, that in some parts the weaver works for 3s. 6d. a week, which is not equivalent to a peck loaf of wheaten bread. Good heaven! who could believe that an active artisan should ever be so reduced as to be obliged to give six days' labour, and 16 hours a day, and be repaid with a peck loaf. And now, Sir, for the cause of this evil:— Mr. Pitt, although very desirous to increase ships, colonies, and commerce, found it not less necessary to encourage the lords of the soil; and about 1804, passed a Bill giving them a monopoly of the supply of corn until it should rise to a given price in the markets, under the plausible reason, that this coun try being again embarked in a war with our invete rate and powerful enemy Buonaparte, who was de termined to cut off all our intercourse with the con tinent of Europe, it would be politic to supply our wants from our own soil. The consequences of this Bill very soon showed themselves by an immediate and very considerable rise in the prices of all kinds of corn, and a host of applications, every succeeding Session of Parlia ment during the war, from the lamdlords, for leave to enclose and cultivate waste lands,—lands which never ought, and never would have had a farthing expended upon them, but for the assurance which this infamous Bill give them, that the people would not be allowed to buy elsewhere, till corn-bread should rise to starvation prices. So on they went, enclosing poorer arid poorer lands; and as the po pulation continued increasing quite as fast as their enclosing, they continued to keep up high prices, and let their lands, particularly their richer and older cultivated lands, at extremely high rents. tem, Providence sent a great dearth, almost ap proaching to a famine : sToh ibis kingdom, in the years 1f312 and 1813, during the greatest height of Buonaparte's power and inveteracy against us. ,! Corn-bread rose to double and treble its forriler and it was found ifs'e'sl - ..z.'s'y io apply to the Conti• nent f - 6e corn, which was easily procured in any quantity we had money to pay for : showing to the meanest capacity the arrant humbug of Mr. Pitt's plausible reasons for the imposition of snch a system; It pleased an altwise Providence again, in the two follewthg ybars, to bless the people with bountiful harvests, and a return to peace with all the world, by the destruction of Buonapaite's p6wer th 9 effects of these blessings s'ver., to bring down the , price "lq coin -bread, in 1815, very nearly to that of • 1804, in which Mr. Pitt introduced this system ; 1 but this price would never pay the landlord, or en able him to get a rent for the waste lands which bad been brought into cultivation ; and, either ignorant that the pdpillation increasing would soon press again Upon him for food, not being able to get it elsewhere, or impatient of a year's delay, or perhaps both ignorant and impatient, what does the lord of the soil ? Mr. Pitt being now no More, thu land lords succeeded in getting his successor, the amiable Lord Goderich, to embrace their cause, who, under the plausible reason of keeping prices steady, pre vailed upon the Parliament, in the teeth of the most violent opposition from the great mass of the people ; to give the landlords a monopoly of the markets, till bread-corn should rise to 80s. a quarter. The/ same consequences followed this measure as followed Mr. Pitt's,-viz., an immediate great rise in the price of bread-corn, and a further cultivation of waste lands : and there have been no importations during the last ten years under this system, saving and except a driblet of 500,000 quarters (equal to five or six days' consumption) now and then ; and this little mercy was only granted to trim the mar ket, and prevent it rising to the importation price, in which case the people would be enabled to go past the landlord's shop, and exchange their industry upon better terms elsewhere: and you will perceive that although the nominal price of corn fell from about 75,. in 1816 to about 60s. in 1824, the real price in the latter year was even greater than in the former. During this interval our currency had been restored to the metallic standard of 3/. 17s. 101 d. for an ounce of gold; and on making reference - to the Parliamentary returns, you will find that an ounce of gold, upon the average of the three years immediately preceding the measure of Lord Gode rich, was 5/. Is. Now if 5/. Is. gave 755. per quar ter, 3/. 17s. 10id. (its equivalent in the restored currency) ought to give 58s. Gd. per quarter only. However, we find it in the years 1824, 5,6, and 7, average 605., taking the four years together; and this high price could only be sustained by the con tinued pressure of the population upon the food ; in other words, the demand continued greater than the supply. I have now arrived at the period when the pre sent Prime Minister introduced the present system of corn laws, which (with the exception of the ex. cellent principle of a graduated scale, and freedom to import at all times) is certainly the most oppres sive which has yet been acted upon ; and you may rely upon it, that until some great relief be given from those iniquitous measures, the great mass of the people must live in misery. We might have expected, that the lords of the soil had already got monopoly enough by Lord Goderich's system ; but only compare that with the Duke of Wellington's, and you will in some degree see how the manufacturers are plunged deeper and deeper in distress. Lord Goderich, with a paper currency equal to Si. Is, for an ounce of our present money, esta blished 80s. per quarter as the monopoly price for wheat in 1815, below which price none should be imported. Now suppose Lord Wellington had wished not to increase this exclusive system, and vet not to give any relief, would he not have said . or stated the case thus :-If Si. Is. in the currency of 1812 to 1815 gave 80s. as an exclusive price, what should 3/. 17s. 10i -d. (which is the equivalent of the aforesaid 51. Is.) give now ? And would he not have found his question answered, according to Cocker, 625. Gd. as an exclusive price ? But look at his system, and you will find that at 625. 6d. you cannot go past the landlord's shop without paying an additional tax of 1/. 4s. Bd. above the 3/. 2s. 6d. per quarter. This is adding to Lord Goderich's system with a vengeance ; but look further, and you get worse and worse. Lord Goderich, with his currency, fixed upon 80s. as the highest exclusive price, and Lord Wellington has fixed upon 735. and Is. duty as the highest exclusive price in our gold currency. Now, if 3/. 17s. 10id. of gold give 735. to Lord Wellington's system, what would 5/. Is. (which was the equivalent of the aforesaid 3/. 17s. 100.) have given to Lord Goderich's sys tem ? The answer is 945. per quarter; and yet we know that the Noble Lord was satisfied with 80s., although at the time some thought him so unmer ciful as to be a fit object for the gridiron. Now, Sir, when you know that a system the very reverse of all this has been pursued as regards trade and commerce, called the free trade system-a most enlightened and liberal system I admit,-when every opportunity has been seized with avidity to bring it into practice, bounties withdrawn, prohibitory du ties abolished, restrictive duties diminished, our ports thrown wide open for the manufactures and produce of all the world, with the exception of the staff of life, can you be surprised that our artisans are mi serable, when you see that they are compelled by law to exchange their labour for the produce of waste lands in England ? Can you not perceive that as the population continues to press upon food, and as,more food cannot be produced from these wastes, that the labouring artisan must give more and more of his labour for every mouthful, till he absolutely starve ? and how near must many of them be to that state, when your correspondent writes that in the county of Lancaster the weavers in some dis tricts are now labouring 16 hours daily, for six days in the week, for a peck of bread! Sir, how horrible is this, to see the intelligent, active, arid industrious mechanics in this country, which may be said to be choked up with raiment of all sorts, perishing for want of food, which in another land is as abundant as the raiment is here, and both classes eager to ad minister to each others wants, but prevented by this infamous system from making the desired exchange ! I have now given you my opinion of the cause of our mercantile distress, and the only cure I know of that would be effectual, is to put all classes of the King's subjects upon one level. Do not give a free trade system to the people at large, and a monopoly sytem to the landholders ; but as the former is a liberal and philosophical system, and the latter is an arbitrary and tyrannical one, let the free trade sys tem pervade the whole. There is no desire on the part of the manufac turers to have more than fair play, and therefore they will patiently listen to every thing the land holders may have to say against being put upon an equal footing. Sir Thomas Lethbridge and his class are eternallytalking however about the commu nity of interest betwixt the landholders and manu facturers; foroile in I o m w e o n u t l d t o b e s s e u e c c t h a h r e r a l l a a t t n e o r n n s e e v r e i s r e t a o s 1 i t s h t a e t n . The farmers who do not hold long leases have cer tainly the same interest as the manufacturers, but while the present syste m lasts, the interests of the landholder is as pe black l. is from white, fromthe other classes If the landholder s can show that an y taxes or pub liedifferentof tire a p s eo burdens fall mo re p eculiarl y on them than others, let them have relie f : the p eo p le under a real free trade system will pay all the taxes without a mur mur, only allow themto exchange their industry for food at the cheapest sho p . If the landholder complains that some trades have also protecting duties, let then be pointed out and corrected ; but the landholder ought to remember, that the staff of life is a very different article from silk handkerchiefs or an ivory fan ; the one we may dispense with-the other we cannot. However, the mercantile classes would do well to . they have the nmallest reason to complain of, in order to procure a real free trade, for nothing else can now restore the commerce of this Country to a healthy condition ;and popttlation will be centkntly pio6s:ok upon food, as food cannot be got except at starvation prices to the labourer, who has only his labour to give in exchange for his food, misery and distress will continue to pervade the land, and the certain consequence of such a state of society has leett correctly and philosophically proved by Mr. Malthusthat a portion of the people must con tinue to perish for want of food as sorely as if God had ordained that a pestilence should continue to Ptrvade the land. This is the transition which you need not say " must and will take place ;" for you may be assured that it is now in full operation in many of the manufacturing districts of this kingdom, and no doubt sufficiently " trying" to thdse who ha'ie it to endure. I am, Sir, your most obedient servant, PETER PLAYFAIR. RUSSIAN BULLETIN; " ST. PETERSBURGIi, AUG. 2G.—His Majesty has received from the Commander-in-Chief of the Second Army, the following report on the opera tions of that army to the 13th of August : " Your Majesty will be pleased to perceive from my report of the 18th (30th) July, that on the 16th (28th) Karnabat was occupied by the 7th infantry corps. At the same time I ordered Count Pahlen's corps to occupy Karabunar, to push its vanguard forward to Faki, and to send out reconnoitring parties on the roads to Trinovo, Kirk-kilissa, and Adrianople. Meanwhile, not to lose sight of the enemy retreating from Karnabat, Major-General Sheremetiff was on the 18th detached on a strong reconnoissance with the 2d brigade of the 4th divi sion of Hulans, four cannon of the horse artillery, and 100 Cossacks, towards Jambol. As the Gene ral was approaching Karnabat on the 19th, he fell in with a corps of 15,000 men, under the command of Hain Pacha. A warm action ensued, in which the undaunted Hulans, disregarding the great force of the enemy, and powerfully supported by the skilfully directed fire of the artillery, gave a new proof of the superiority of our cavalry over the Turkish, for the charges of the enemy were not only every where repulsed, but he was driven from the field of battle into the town, and the whole of his camp delivered up to the flames. Towards evening, Major-Gene ral Sheremetiff left 100 Cossacks before Jambol, and approached the 7th corps, stationed near Kar nabat, where he himself arrived on the 20th. Halil Pacha, alarmed by this bold manoeuvre of our de tachment, and supposing that he would on the follow ing day be attacked by the whole of our force, re treated in the greatest haste during the night, be tween the 19th and the 20th (31st July and Ist of August), with part of his force towards Adrianople and part towards Slivno (Selimno), leaving in Jam bol a considerable quantity of munitions of war, and 39,000 poods of biscuit. On the 21st (August 2) Major-General Sheremetiff occupied Jambol. " With a view to a closer communication with Lieutenant-General Krassowski, as well as to confine the enemy as much as possible near Shumla, I gave orders for the occupation of the defiles of Chelikawak and Otenge, which were still in the power of the Turks. The detachments of Major-Generals Ro gowski aid Sawadski, which were formed out of the regiments of their hrigades, under the command of Major-General Nabel, were employed on this ser vice, and were marched, the former by the way of Dobrol, the latter by the way of Chenge, towards Chelikawak. As the same time Lieutenant- General Krassowsl4 was directed to undertake a general movement fretn the side of Marasch against Shumla, and in that way to bring himself into closer communication with me. All the dispositions I had thus made were, or. the 25th of July (Aug. 6), crowned with the happ'istst result. The Turks were almost every where drrien out of their impas sable defiles, and their intrenchments domolished, by which means we obtained the intended communica tion with Lieut.-General Krassowski, who, on the 26th (Aug. 7), reported, that, in pursuance of the order he received from me, he had on the 25th (Aug. 6) approached Marasch, and had sent five battalions of infantry, the hussar regiments of the Prince of Orange, and the 9th Orenburgh, with the artillery belonging to them, under the command of Major-General Prince Gortschakow, Chief of the general Staff, towards Eski-Stamboul, and further on ; that the Grand Vizieread thereby been obliged w advance against him with a considerable force, which he immediately attacked, and drove between the fortresses of Matschin and Trull, in such a si tuation that the Vizier was only enabled to fall back upon Shumla with a small part of his troops, ex posed to the grape-shot of our artillery, while the remainder, seeking their safety in flight along the hills between the fortresses of Matschin and Truli, were pursued by the 22d regiment of Yagers half way over the mountain, where they at last suc ceeded in hiding themselves in their intrenchments. In this affair the enemy lost 500 men : above 50 were made prisoners. Our loss was two privates killed, two officers and 18 privates wounded. " Meanwhile we learned from the spies whom we had sent out from Karnabat and Jambol, towards Slivno, that a considerable corps was forming in the last-mentioned town, that fortifications were con structing, and that the Grand Vizier was expected with troops from Shumla. This news appeared the more probable, as Major-General Prince Gortschakoff 111., who made a reconnoissance of the 27th of July (Aug. 8), towards Jumai, reported that he had dis covered traces of the movement of a strong corps, and that, according to the statements of the inhabi tants of Jumai, a number of troops with artillery had proceeded on the 24th and 25th of July (sth and 6th of August) from Shumla towards Kosan. " As the first brigade of the 12th division of in fantry had arrived at Sizeboli by water from Sebas topol, I made it relieve the regiments of the 19th division, and sent them direct to Aidos, where they were joined by the reserves which were there col lected. I ordered the Simbirsk and Murom regi• ments to advance to Karabunar, and form a junc tion with the corps of Count Pahlen, for which pur pose the reserves were also marched forward. At the same time, I detached the 2d brigade of the 2d division of the Hussars and Bug Hulans, with its artillery, from Lieutenant-General Krassowski, and made it join me by forced marches. " ' With this considerable reinforcementrand the expectation of the advancing reserves, I felt myself able, without weakening the garrisons of the places which had been taken, to fight a new battle with a concentrated force on a point so remote as Slivno. The troops destined to this object therefore made a concentrated movement on the 28th of July (Aug. 9) towards the village of Dragodanovo, which is situated on the road from Karnabat to Slivno, about 15 wersts from the latter place. The 7th corps ad vanced from Karnabat, the 6th from Aidos, and the sth division of infantry, with the Pawlograd Hussars belonging to the second corps, from Kara bunar. Major-General Sheremetiff 's detachments were ordered to remain in Jambol, and to observe the roads to Adrianople and Slivno. On the day of the attack, however, to approach the latter town with reference to the general action. In order not to obstruct the junction of the Grand Vizier with the troops collected in Slivno, where he was daily expected, I gave my troops a day's rest on the 30th of July (August 11) at Dragodanovo. The Turks take n on t h at day by foraging parties o f C ossac k s concurred is stat i ng t h at t h e G ran d Vizier was hourly expected, and that his son Hussein, with the advanced guard, consisting of Albanians, had al ready arrived in Slivno. The enemy's force here, united the command of the Seraskier Halil and two other Paellas, consisted of thirteen regiments of regular infantry, three regiments of regular ca valry, and between 4,000 and 5,000 irregular troops with their artillery. ' Before I give an account of the battle which took place, a description of the situation of the town of Slivno may not be superfluous. This town stands . '~ ~~. last heights of the Balkan, and whose rocky ridgefi are covered with low, but thorny bushes. The toads from the mountains are-Ist. The Kosan road; which runs from the Balkan about four wersts in front of Slivno, joins the Karnabat road, and proceeds over an open plain to tho town; 2d. The Jambol road, which leads through level and open valleys to that town ; 3d. The Janisar road, which meets the Jambol road about a werst from Slivno; 4th. A mountain road, which leads to Kasanlik ; and sth, a road to Staroreka. The circuit of the town i 9 extensive, and on the side towards Jambol, where the enemy expected our attack, is defended by intrenchments. After I had talten into considera tion all these localities, I so availed myself of my means, that I cut off the enemy from every road by which he might retreat with his artillery. For this purpose I ordered the 7th corps, with the whole of its cavalry and artillery, to march i❑ the night be tween the 30th and 31st of July (Ilth and 121 h of August) on the Karnabat road to within eight wersts of the town of Slivno. . " The 6th corps marched at three o'clock in the rnbrning. The sth division of infantry, under Co lonel Pah'ien, however, which had arrived during the night, took a snort rest, and did not march until six o'clock, to form the reserve of the Gth corps. Major-General Sheremetiff's detachment, which had marched from Jambol, approached Slivno-in that direction, and halted at the distance of eight wersts from the town. The Major-General was ordered to advance at day break on the road to Janisar, and to occupy that town. " On the 31st (August 12) at six in the morn ing, when the corps of Lieutenant-General Rudiger had approached the junction of the Kosan and Kar nabat roads, I detached thither the Gth regiment of the Black Sea Cossacks, and at the same time or dered the 14th regiment of Yagers to take a strong position OA the same road, some wersts from the Balkan. I allotted the 2d brigade of the division of Bug Hulans for a reserve, in order thereby to secure our right flank from a sudden appearance of the enemy on the side of Kosan. In the mean time I made the troops march forward. As we ap proached the town over ground intersected with vineyards, gardens, and woods, I ordered the whole of the cavalry to make a flank movement to the left, and to turn into the Jambol road, whither the enemy had sent a considerable part of his regular cavalry and infantry. Being certain that the pr►nci pal strength of the town lay towards the Jambol road, I placed the whole of the infantry of the 6th and 7th corps round the foot of the hill and on the Kosan road, in order thereby, as soon as I should obtain► possession of the town, to turn the whole of the enemy's fortifications, and thus oblige them, without firing a shot, to surrender to the arms of your Imperial Majesty. All these arrangements succeeded according to my wish. Scarce had Ge neral Rudiger pushed forward his cavalry, which consisted of the Ist brigade of the 4th Hulan divi sion, and the 2d brigade of the 2d Hussar division, with their artillery, and a company of Don Cos sacks, and advanced to the proper distance, when he opened the fire of his artillery, attacked the enemy, and drove him towards the town, and then into the fortress. " During the action on our left wing, the right advanced rapidly; but Count Pahlen remained in reserve between the right and left wings. The enemy fired some shots from the cannon, to which I opposed the 19th brigade of artillery ; upon which he hastily withdrew his guns, and began to fall back towards that part of the town. The inconsiderable fire of the enemy did not retard the rapid advance of the battalion of the 18th division into the town, whereby the enemy were compelled to abandon the fortifications of the Jambol road, and to fly in all di rections along the footpaths through the mountains and cliffs. His principal masses retreated along the Kasamlik and Staroreka roads, pursued until six in the evening by our infantry and Cossacks. The terror of the enemy is so great, that he has not the courage to make any considerable stand, and it ap pears that in this respect the leaders of the troops set the example. The trophies of this day consist in the taking of the whole of the enemy's artillery, viz. nine cannon, with all their powder-chests, six standards, and 300 prisoners. The loss of the enemy in killed and prisoners is very great. We have besides found large supplies of ammunition and pro. visions in the town of Slivno. Our loss in killed and wounded does not exceed 60 men ; among the former is one officer, among the latter two. " In making to — your Imperial Majesty my re spectful report on this new deed of arms of your victorious army, I have to add, that I send the keys of this rich and populous town, which is considered the second next to Adrianople, with the six cap tured standards, by sea to Odessa, whence they will be conveyed to your Imperial Majesty by my Adju tant, Lieut. Andro, of the Yager cavalry guard. " In conclusion, I have the happiness of observ ing, that on my entering the town of Slivno, a nu merous body of clergy of our faith welcomed the troops with the cross and holy water, while the people received them with tears of joy, and pre sented to them bread and salt. This sincere ex pression of feeling sprang from the honest hearts of the Bulgarians, who are attached to us, not only as members of the same religion, but in consequence of our friendly conduct towards them. Though the town was taken by storm, no outrage was committed and our warriors, so terrible in battle, occupy, in perfect order and tranquillity, their different quar ters, where they are treated with bread and wine by the worthy inhabitants. " COURT-MARTIAL UPON CAPT. DICKEN SON, R.N.-(RECEIVED THIS DAY.) PORTSMOUTH, WIIDNESDAY-THIRTEENTH DAY. The Court met this morning as usual. At the opening of the Court a medical certificate was presented, apologis ing for the absence of Admiral Otway. The Court was then closed, and remained so for nearly an hour. When we were again admitted, Captain Dickenson requested that the master of the Albion, now on board the Melville, should be i❑ attendance, to which the Court acceded, and then adjourned. HOP INTELLIGENCE. MAIDSTONE.-The picking will become general in about a fortnight, but we fear it will be a very bad season for the poor pickers; The tolerably fine weather of the last few days certainly has a little improved those grounds which had not totally sunk under the difficulties which they have had to encounter, but the mischief is past re pair to any great extent. Good new hops must be scarce, awl consequently command good prices.—Maidstons Ga zette. We are informed that in some parts the hops are im proving, and there is no doubt that in some situations the proprietors will have no reason to complain. In other parts, and very generally, we hear a contrary statement. The frost, yesterday morning, must have been injurious, and the cold winds and rain must be exceedingly prejudi cial to their growth. Many will never come into hop at all, and in others that do, there is no condition. Some persons who are much acquainted with the subject, feel quite confident that the duty cannot exceed 30,0001. Maidstone Journal. It is said that a Royal Duke, who generally takes all such things in good part, is highly offended at a recent caricature, representing him as the " Jockey wot gives the go-by to the man wot drives the Sovereign."— Morning Paper. The Duke and Duchess of ST. ALBANS in. tend passing some weeks at Brighton, where an elegant mansion is also prepared for their reception. Lord LEVISON GOWER and his family will visit Killarney in the course of the next week. JOHN O'CoNNELL, Esq. of Grena, will, with his usual liberality, give the Noble Secretary a splendid stag hunt, on Mon day, the 14th inst.— Tralee 117ercury. We learn, from indisputable authority, that, at a recent dinner -party at Windsor Castle, the KING ex pressed to his Noble guests his intention of shortly pro ceeding to Brighton. His MAJEsTY purposes remaining at this favourite watering-place for the space of six weeks, should not his high official duties require his MAJKsTv's ‘• • _ 1 71g— • Ira t. PRICES OF STOCKS THIS Bank Ytock 3 per Cent. Red. 3 per Cent. Cons. 847 i , 9 874, t' per toot. - Dirt~ !led. shut per Cent 0 . 27,1 Ditto, 1 ,4 26 Ditto Scrip Bank L. Ann. India Stock Ditto Bonds '.6'L 63 pm. PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS Austrian Bonds Brazilian Bonds ')9% Buenos Ayres Bonds Bow's Colomhian Bonds 15 , 4 Ditto, 182-1 ISX Danish Greek Bonds Ditto, 1825 G uatimala Mexican Bonds. Ditto, 1825 PRICES OF It ISH STOC: Bank Stock 'KS, DUBLIN, SEPT. 7. St. Patrick In.ur. (per eh.) Consols, 3 per cent. - :Royal Irish Ditto - - -- Gov. Stock, 3% per cent 97 i National Ditto ..-- Ditto, New t per Cent lO2 i Hibernian Bank ...,....... 39 Gov. Deb. 3% percent.... 97 ;Provincial Ditto ............... --- Royal Canal Stock - Royal IrWi Mine ........ -..... --' Grand Canal Stock -llmperial Mine .... City Deb. -I per cent Ballast Office Deb. 4p. c. -!Commercial Bnildings FOREIGN EXCHANGES ON LONDON. AM , ITERDAM, SEPT. 9.-12. 20. Two months, 12. 10. to 12. 12 5-10. HAMBURG, SEPT. 1.-13. 10 !,(,.—Two months, 13. RN:, LEIPSIC, AUG. 31.—Three months, 6. 15. BERLIN, SEPT. I.—Three months, 6. 25M. STOCKHOLM, AUG. 2. —Ninety days, 11. 22. BREMEN, SErp. I.—Two months, 606 W 7. MAILS. Arrived. Due. Arrived. lit• O America 0 0 Hamburg O Brazil O Buenos Ayres 0 1 Jamaica 1 Dublin 0 0 Leeward Islands ... 0 1 Flanders 0 0 Lisbon 0 1 France 0 0 Malta 0 O Gottenburgh 1 0 Mexico 2 Guernsey&Jersey.. 0 1 Waterford ... HIGH WATER ♦T LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning... 3 minutes after 0. 1 Evening ...35 minutes after 0. THEATRE ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE, STRAND. THIS EVENING (second time), a New Musical Drama, called THE RECRUIT. Albert Ritzier, Mr. J. Vining; Col. Lacrosse, Mr. Baker; Pierre Petard, Mr. 0. Smith • Hans Frankhauven, Mr. Keeley Agnes, Miss Kelly; Elise, Mrs. Keoley. After which, SOLD FOR A SONG. Count Cremona, Mr. J. Russell; Alfred, Mr. Wood. Addle, Miss Cawse ; Eliza, Miss H. Cawse. To conclude with THE SPRING LOCK. Lorenzo de Medici, Mr. Wood; Giulio, Mr. James Vining; Doctor Manente, Mr. Keeley • Doctor Flamingo, Mr. 0. Smith. Amaranth - a, Miss CaWisC; Vergellina, M - ra - . Keeley. To-morrow, The Recruit, with Sold for a Song, and Master's Rival; Saturday, The Recruit, with Sold for a Song, and The Spring Lock. DAT AT ONE O'CLOCK. South Sea Stock Old Annuities shut New Ditto Ex. Bills, 1,000 2d. 68 69 pro. Ditto 500 2d, rs aV pin. Ditto Small ...... 2d. 05 06 pin• Ditto Commercial ... ...... plu• Bank for Acc0unt......„.. India for Account ...... Icons. for Account 591114, THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Neapolitan ..., 'Peruvian Bonds Portuguese Bonds - Prussian, Old ,„„... .......... , -- (Ditto, New • ......,„"... -- ;Russian •• • • ...WS Spanish. 1921 ..... g 1823 ...... French Rentes, 5 p. c. 107 f -..c. Exchange ...... 25f 5:5c , 3 per cent......, —t —.c., Exchange THE COLOSSEIJIII-REGENT'S PARK. The Proprietors of this Magnificent Exhibition invite the atten tion of the Public to the NEW ARRANGEMENT OF THE ADMISSIONS. To view the Panorama alone 1 0 To view the Panorama, with the original Ball, removed from St. Paul's Cathedral—the Prospect from the sum mit of the Building —and the Saloon for the Reception of Works of Art 3 0 To view the Conversatorics, Fountain, and Swiss Cottage 2 0 Open from Ten till Dusk. re.....az o r VA/two:ft *AIM. LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, 1829. CAPTURE OF ADRIANOPLE. By the French Papers of Tuesday, received this morning by Express, it will be seen that the Russians entered Adrianople on the morning of the 20th August. This fact will put to rest the misgivings of the doubtful. The following are extracts:— ,From the Messager des Chambres.—Second Edition.) PARIS, SEPT. 6, NOON• • :EXTRACT FROM THE AUGSBURGII GAZETTE, SEPT. d•) " ' We have just received by express the following news " MUNICH, SECT. 2, 8 r.M " The Russian Legation in this city has just received from the Russian head-quarters, under the head of Sth (20th) August, the news of the entrance of General Die" bit•ch into Adrianople. The Mahometan population lute placed itself under the protection of the Russian army, and not left the city. " This important news is confirmed by the following letter from General Count Diebitsch to M. de Tatische 6 Russian Ambassador at Vienna, which was received at the office of the Allgemeine Zeitung almost at the same 0' ment : " ' In the Eski-Sarai, at Adrianople, Aug. 8 (20). " ' AI. l'Ambassadeur, " I have the pleasure to announce to you that the vie torious troops of his Majesty the. Emperor entered Adrhv neple this morning at nine o'clock, without opposition' The Mahometan population remains entirely under ne r protection.—Accept, &c. (Signed) " DIEBITSCH.' " VIENNA, AUG. 31. " A French courier, who left Constantinople on the 17th, brings word that the Sultan had transmitted o rder ° to the Grand Vizier to send Commissioners to the Russi 4o head-quarters to treat of peace. The Porte has officislli communicated this resolution to the Ambassadors of Eng' land and France. _ " Nus, SZFT. S. " It is said that the Duke de Blacas is appointed Ao' hassador at Rome ; that the Duke Laval Nf on tmoreacl, will be the successor of Prince Polignas at London ; that M. de Reyneval succeeds the Duke de Laval at Vienna' The nomination of M. de la Ferronays to Naples is spoken of. He is now residing there for the recovery of his health' (From the Constitutionnel of Tuesday.) PARIS, SEPT. 7 . t " A courier arrived at Paris last night with the neWs I:" the entrance of the Russian army into Adrianople. " The population every where submits. It was 0$ known where the Sultan was. Constantinople was at the mercy of 8,000 brigands, composed of deserters and rein" nants of the Janissaries, who committed all kinds of el ceases." " Trebisond, notwithstanding what the Quotidien la says this morning, has opened its gates to the Russians' who found there great riches and immense magazines.! The inhabitants of Adrianople have disarmed some Asiat ie bands which threaten the city with pillage. This Ile vr :: has thrown into consternation ourAustro-EnglishlllinistrY • FRENCH FUND9.—PARIS, SEPT. B.—Five per Cen ts '' Jours de 22d of September, 107 f. 40c. 107 f. 45c. 50c : 45c.; Three per Cents., 81f. 25c. 30c. 25c. 30c. Sbc• ' Bank Stock, 1,835 f. ; Rentes de Naples, 86f. 25c. O c : 50c. ; Rentes Perpetuelles d'Espagne, 49 49i 49 490 ,' Haytian Loan, 360—Exchange on London—One moot ► paper, 25f. 60c. ; Three months, 25f. 45c.--Court Authentique. The Mersager observes on this statement—." dye believe that these statements are incorrect, or at least p e t mature. On the 14th there were still at Constantinorei; and in the two camps in the vicinity, 25,000 or 3g P o f men, chiefly regular troops. Since the occupation 0 Sizeboli by the Russians two months ago, the Sultan sensible that the fate of Constantinople depended on ke e i ; ing a strong reserve near the capital ; and this is ent!re, conformable to the principles of the art of war. B el l; his political situation required that he should not quit t capital. Hamburg Papers of the sth September c° n.. tain the following account of the Speech ae d livered by the Persian Prince, and the answer of the Emperor NICIIOLAS relative to the massacre of the late Russian Ambassador and his Suite : sT. pETEßsEitatGli, AUG. 26. To the report of General Diebitsch of his opera' tions to the 13th August, are annexed two reporto from Admiral Greigh, dated Bth August. In the first he gives an account of the occupation of 01 „r find in ilia itprnnrl of that 0' PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AY ONE O'CLOCK. Paid. Per Share. Anglo Alex. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm.) £lOO Ditto Subscription 11 United Alex. Alin. Co. (iss. at 21. pm.) £39%