The Sun. — London, England, 1859-02-17 00:00:00

BRITISH COLUMBIA. (From the Times' Correspondent.) VICTORIA, VANCOUVER'S ISLAND, Dec• 17 Since I despatched my last letter, dated the Ist and 4th inst., the winter of Vancouver's Island has fairly set in. We had first a week of frost; then a fall of snow five inches deep ; then a sudden thaw, which ushered in a few days of genial spring weather ; and now we are having 'a deluge of rain, The frosty weather was very sharp. The snow tempered the cold, and brought out sledges of all sorts of contrivances improvised for the occasion, which must have afforded their occupants much enjoyment, for the jingling of their bells was heard in the streets and by-ways till long past the " small hours." The rain brings with it a temperature mild and almost warm. If the late severe weather is the worst of the winter, the climate has no terrors. The true winter weather lasts about one month, the rest of the season is wettish and mild; and spring comes early, so says that veracious authority, " the oldest inhabitant" of these regions. The Fraser River is now at its lowest stage of water in consequence of the freezing of the snow in the upper regions of the Cascades and Rocky Moun tains, the consequence of which is that the two American steamers which plied on the river got aground some days ago and are still hard and fast, the Maria about 10 miles below the confluence of the Harrison River, and the Enterprise several miles higher up, both lying on sand-spits in the Fraser. The want of sufficient power in the ma chinery of these boats is partly the cause of their predicament. A good deal of ice had formed in the lower por tion of the Fraser, between its mouth and Langley, which stopped the navigation of the river for about ten days, but it is now open again, Considerable hardship is being suffered in the upper country from the scarcity of provisions. At Bridge River, a tributary of the Fraser, the miners are reduced to horseflesh procured from the Indians at 1 to 11 dol. the pound, and the severity of the cold of course increases their sufferings. A few, in attempting the passage down to Langley in open boats, are said to have perished from frost bite. So say current reports ; but although I have spoken to several persons from the upper country, I cannot trace the story to an authentic source. Many have heard, but none have seen, these melancholy occurrences. Sometimes the victims have become a prey to cold and sometimes to hunger. No one can tell which fate befell them. All accounts, however, go to confirm what I have heretofore reported in my several letters of the richness of the upper Fraser River country at and about the forks of the Fraser and Thompson, Bridge River, and the country bordering on New Caledonia, far up in the interior. The only drawback is the difficulty of communication—a difficulty which will be removed next summer when the Lilooet route is perfected. The route, which obviates the dangers of the rapids and removes the delays of the Fraser River route from the mouth of Harrison River up to the Forks, will be fully available next summer, and will enable sufficient stores of provisions to be thrown into the upper country before the approach of next winter. The corps of Sappers and Miners which the home Government has most judiciously sent out will lend efficient a id towards the opening up of the interior—a work of the first importance to the new colony. One important fact seems clearly established from the information of returning miners —viz., that the severity of the winter need not drive the miners out of the country. From all I can learn the sus pension of labour will be short in the upper mining regions of British Columbia—certainly not longer than I have seen in the mountainous mining region of California. All the miners agree that if they had sufficient provisions they would have remained in the interior all through the winter, and those now leaving for California intend to return in the spring. Batches of them come down here occasionally, some of whom remain in Victoria for a couple of months, - while others disperse themselves over the neigh bouring countries of Washington and Oregon, and others go to California, where they have ties of various kinds; but nearly all with the avowed in tention of returning. In another year a good deal of this winter migration will be stopped by the com forts, employment, and amusements which the rapid growth of Victoria will afford to the weary miner, jaded by his summer campaign. No man seeks amusement with a keener zest ; the theatre and the dancing saloon have peculiar charms for him. The majority of the returned miners are satisfied with their earnings. On Bridge River many were snaking the enormous sum of 30 dols. a-day each. Indeed, the abundance of gold in that region i s confirmed by the quantity' of dust which comes to Victoria. I am informed that gold of a finer quality than any yet found in the lower country has been lately discovered near the confluence of the Thomp son and Fraser and on Bridge River, while we have abundant evidence of the finding of "coarse" gold in that region. There is a considerable quantity of this kind of gold at present in Victoria in the shape of chunks and flakes of some size, which is the more valuable (being of a higher ley) than the fine dust, as it can be washed out without the aid of quick silver. Last night a story flew about the town that the steamer Panama, which left this port the day before yesterday, on her way to San Francisco, had been lost, with all on board, in the neighbourhood of Cape Flattery, about 50 miles from Victoria. There is no confirmation of the tale, and no one believes it ; but the story and the alarm caused by it illustrates the great necessity of lighthouses on the coast of Vancouver's Island, in the Straits of Fuca, between Cape Flatt er y— w h ere there is an American lighthouse—and the harbour of of Esqui malt, near Victoria. This coast has several sunken and some low rocks jutting out into the strait s , w hi c h are t h e terror of navigators at night. The Panama was detained the other night on her way to Esquimalt for many hours in the dark from dread of these rocks. Captain Richards, of the Plumper, surveyed some of them lately, and it is to be hoped the proper authorities will not delay the erection of lighthouses where they are indispensable, owing to the fast increasing commerce of this and the neighbouring colony. Our postal arrangements are, as I said in my last letter, most unsatisfactory. This letter will be taken to San Francisco by the Cortez, a by-steamer, but must lie there till the sth of next month. Corre spondence despatched two days ago by the Panama will fare no better, for she will not be in time to catch the mail of the 20th. Then the uncertainty of the steamers is a complete puzzle, while their stay here varies from a few hours to a day, making it impossible for men in business to keep up an intelli gent and useful correspondence. DECEMBER 25. The arrival of the mail steamers which ply be tween San Francisco and this place is so uncertain that I think it advisable to avail myself of the op portunity afforded by the departure to-day of the Pacific, one of the private steamers which make an occasional trip, t o f orward a letter. 'When this letter will leave San Francisco I cannot say—pro bably by the same mail which will carry my last and my next letter. For the last ten days our climate hassexhibited a most c h arac t er , variable marked b y sudden alter nations of fro s t, thaw, snow, rain, sleet, hail, heavy gales of wind, m i ng l e d with so me fine mild weather at short intervals. These changes of temperature are rendered the more intolerable y . the . insuffi ciency of house accommodation. e Buildings corn. posed of thin walls of clapboards, not half thick enough for partitions even, and din.nocent of fire t,oiffwee r hx e ee n rr t e . the air places in most cases, afford' an • protec tion from cold and wind. Outside is invigorating,. and an incentive one doesn't suffer in the least, and every dacylsek but sufficient tolerable weather to walk about a • o when one comes ho me one's miseries commence. Of ut a morning the colon ist . finds the water frozen in his ewer, which saves him the trouble of co nsu l t i ng the barometer; or sees such familiar objects as a shirt or a towel, which he has hung against the wall, swinging gracefully in the breeze, blown into his bedroom through the chinks of the walls, the badly-fitting windows, and the flimsy calico ceil ing, which enables him to study the law of pendu losity without the trouble of getting out of bed. These peculiar incidents of a new country have one advantage—they banish sl o th. "Up and doing" should be the motto of the pioneer. If he acts up to it, he will soon overcome the minor inconveniences of a new settlement. By next winter, when suit able houses are built, Victoria will be a pleasant place enough, for there is abundance of coal and firewood in the island, to be had at moderate prices , wherewith_ to make home comfortable. Owing to the cold weather in the mining coun try, Thiningisgenerally suspended for the present. About the be middle of February it is expected the winterwillover, and that miners can resume their ayn operati ons places more throughout the interior, while in m favoured in point of climate work can be resumed earlier. A correspondent of . th a e_ Victoria Gazette, who has been for some ti s ize po. n e d_is still travelling in the mineral region, has which ha ve that b paper with seve ral communications been . published here, and from which, as I bel iev e the information to be reliable, and that it will Zee useful to p ersons intending to emigrate, I will mak e some extracts. His first letter was written at the Lower Fountain, a place situated many miles—say 50 t o 55 beYond that is, north-west of—the forks of Thompson and Fraser Rivers , He reports nothing but wh at he has seen and h e ard in his j ourne y , and the p i t prietors of the Gazet t e vouch for his veracity. In speaking of the. country extending for about 200 mike to the northward and westward PI the THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 17, 1859. junction of Fraser and Thompson Rivers, and in eluding the mining country about Bridge River, he reports very favourably. Of the country on the Fraser River, at a distance from its mouth of about 220 miles, he remarks :—" The two banks of the river at this place, and to a great extent for a long distance above an d below, consist of benches, or table lands, rising with great regularity the one above the other. Seen at a distance, they resemble terraces, and from the uniformity of the slopes and level surfaces, look like works of art rather than of nature. They are covered, as are also the adjacent mountains and bottoms, with a luxuriant growth of bunch grass, and beautified with scattering pine trees. Over these plateaus it is easy and plea sant travelling, they being so clear and level that waggons can pass with facility over them everywhere, except where they are cut by water courses. In some places you isiay travel over them for miles withouut deviating from a direct line, or meeting with the slightest obstruction." In this neighbourhood he found miners making as follows :—" A Frenchman earning 20 dols. a day ; 15 to 20 men working with rockers variously making from 3 to 15 dols. a day to the hand. With sluices they think 10 dots. could be made at all seasons of the year. Going on 12 or 15 miles, and passing some 20 miners scattered along the river making from four to eight dollars a day, I reached Rose's• Bar,' on which there are now 30 or 40 miners making 3to 15 dols. a day. The average pay is at least 5 dols. a day to the hand." He then passes on to " Foster's Bar," of which he says:—" Many rich spots were found upon it at low water, and as high as 50 dols. to the hand was taken out for many days in succession. It still pays moderately well with the rocker. Large wages can hereafter only be made by sluicing. About 50 " RICHNESS OF THE MINES. men on the Bar working with rockers." " To claim that the Fraser River mines are as The next place visited was "Fountain Bar," rich, or that labour has been generally as well lying in an indentation of the tabl e l an d on which rewarded in them as in the mines of California at the town of Fountainville was situated, and an early day, would be idle. I might say much in about two miles below it :—A good deal of work explanation of the numerous failures that attended has been done here with rockers, the dirt paying the first adventurers to these mines, without mak even when castled several hundred yards to the ing myself their apologist—how the miners came to* water .Last fall, a company composed of Germans, soon and in too great numbers—how the river kept French, and Italians, having claims here, dug a up, and of the many disadvantages under which ditch to bring water from a small lake a few miles they laboured ; all might be enlarged upon were it east of the fountain. This ditch at present sup- not now well known to the public. In regard to plies three or four sluice-heads, and could easily this section, however, I may say those pioneers who be made to furnish more. It was the first work of worked here last winter and spring uniformly made the kind completed in this vicinity, and cost about large wages, and that those who came in since have 5,000 dols., more than half of which consisted of been able to remain, paying the enormous prices their own labour. They paid their hands 6 dols., they-have done for provisions, whichproves that they and the whip-sawyers 8 dols. a day and board, while must have had good paying claims most of the at work on it. The com p an y h ave p u t u p com- time. The cost of li v i ng here, with other necessary fortable cabins, and are now running three sluices, expenditures, could not have been less than 4 dols. and working 15 men, with an average yield of a day to the man, yet I find all have been able to twelve dollars a day to the hand. They have defray their current expenses, while many have dirt enough to last them for years, the entire accumulated large sums—sufficiently large, in a top dirt paying three feet down and if well majority of cases, with th ose w h o h ave b een h ere managed, the enterprise can hardly fail to enrich any length of time, so lay in a winter's stock of its owners. I was informed by one of their number provisions, even at the present high prices. That that they took out 1,500 dol. in one dayin October, better average wages can be made here than in any a statement I found confirmed in other quarters." part of California at present there is no doubt. This I never want a better criterion of the riches of a can be done even with the present want of ditches and mining location than the rate of wages. Here the indifferent appliances for taking out the gold. These miners were paying 6 dol. and 8 dol. besides board, diggings, owing to the fineness of the dust and the costing at least a dollar a-day more for assistance, difficulty of saving it, require to be worked with a clear proof that the " claim" would give the miner sluices—a mode that has been introduced to but a a return sufficient to pay such high wages and leave limited extent as yet, owing to the want of lumber, a profit to himself. Passing numerous isolated as well as of wheels or ditches for supplying water. camps for 30 miles beyond Fountainville, the tra- When sluices shall have been generally brought yeller found the miners realising 10 dol. a-day to the into use more than twice the amount now hand, 5 dol. and 6 dol. a-day, from 3 dol. to 6 dol. realised can be taken out to hand. Another cause a-day, until he arrived at a place bearing the that will tend to render these mines highly euphonous title of Dancing Bill's Bar. Here the remunerative in the aggregate is, that every miners told him they could make 40 dol. a-week to man will be able to secure a claim, and that the man with ease. At Strangler's Bar the men but little capital will be required for starting were doing about the same as at the place last men- operations ; hence every one will enjoy the full tioned. Coming down he fell in with two men pro- fruits of his own labour and none need remain specting along the water's edge, a little above the idle. For this winter, owing to the lateness with mouth of Bridge River. They had been at work which provisions have been got in, not much will three hours, and on cleaning up found 21 dol. and a be done, no one here expects it ; the utmost that bit-in the rocker. He then gets to Bridge River, will be aimed at, as a general thing, will be to make of which we have lately heard a good deal of a enough to pay expenses of living, to prospect a favourable character, on account of the gold on it little, and be on hand at the breaking up of winter. being coarser than that found on the Fraser. This With the coming of spring large operations will be river is a tributary of the Fraser and falls into it on entered into, and all here entertain the most san the west side, midway between the Upper and Lower guine anticipations, or rather, I should say, fullest Fountain villages, some 60 miles beyond the junction confidence as to the results. of Thompson's River. The correspondent discourses " THEIR DURABILITY. of the river and its products very intelligently : " That these mines will be found not only rich "Oa arriving at Bridge River I proceeded up it and extensive, but also lasting, lam fully satisfied. some 20 miles, making inquiries and inspecting Apart from their vast extent of surface, the dig operations everywhere as I went along. This is an gings, at one time thought to be shallow, are now impetuous stream, rushing through a canal-like known to rim downward in many localities to a channel worn deeply into a hard slate rock, leaving good depth. It has lately been ascertained that not little chance for bars to form upon it. There are only the bars along the river, but many of the about 200 men now on this river working with vari- lower benches or table lands contain sufficient gold ous results—a man making 20 dol. or 30 dol. one day to pay, where water can be brought upon them, and hardly as many cents the next. The gold here which, in most cases, can easily be done. These lies much in pockets and crevices, causing great benches are not only numerous, but often of great variations in the daily yield. The dust is coarser extent, and would afford employment for a large than that generally found on the Fraser, though number of men for many years to come. Little or the average pay is not so large. Four dollars a day no search has been made as yet for drift digging or would probably be a fair estimate of the wages made quartz though there are abundant indications that here with rockers. There are five or six parti es b o th, o f a paying character, exist. Fine ledges of working with sluices and making about double that quartz, in fact, present themselves almost every sum. The gold found here consists of thin scales where, though no thorough examination has been quite uniform in shape and much resembling small made of their quality. The banks of Bridge River shot flattened out. It assays rather better than the consist of alternate strata of slate and quartz rock, Fraser dust, a lot of it lately sent to the Mint giv- the most favourable possible geological formation ing, as lam informed, 16 dols. 60c. to the ounce, for gold. I would venture, then, after having seen while the latter assayed but 15 dols. 90c. This is considerable of the mines in this quarter, to express owing not likely to any difference in the quality of the confident opinion that they will prove suffi the dust itself, but to the fact that Fraser River ciently extensive, productive, and lasting to warrant dust, being finer, is worked with quicksilver, while a large immigration to this country in the ensuing the other is not. season, and that British Columbia is destined to "No gold has been found on Bridge River higher become another great gold-producing region, rank than 35 miles from its mouth, the country along ing next to California and Australia in the amount it at that point becoming flat and its banks allu- she will hereafter annually yield of this precious vial. One favourable indication on this stream is, commodity." the bars grow richer almost everywhere as the The only criticism I will make upon this letter water subsides, giving ground to believe some rich is, that other published accounts recently received strikes will be made when it shall have reached a from Fort Yale confirm much of what it and the low stage." first letter contain. Returning from Bridge River, and pursuing The same correspondent writes a third letter his course down the west bank of the Fraser from Port Douglas on the Lilooet route, of which River, he says he " encountered no more miners I lately spoke, as now travelled to the Upper Fraser until reaching French Bar, two miles below. River country, because it avoids the delays and This bar, like Rose's, Foster's, Mormon, and dangers of the navigation of that river. He says some others, has been pretty well worlied over. many of the miners are coming down from the in and, like those, paid largely at an early day. A terior and abandoning mining for the winter, owing ditch has just been completed, bringing water on to the cold and the high price of provisions—" some this bar sufficient to work three or four sluices. to spend a couple of months at Port Douglas or at There is no work being done now with rockers, but Victoria, returning to the mines in February— those working with sluices make from 12 dols. to others going to Washington Territory, Oregon, or 14 dols. a-day to the hand. The bar is large and California, most of *hese also intending to come back the pay dirt will probably last a long time." in the spring, their convictions almost uniformly This gentleman concludes his letter, from which being favourable to the country as a mining region." I have been quoting, with the following remarks : He says Port Douglas is increasing rapidly, and, not " I have thus presented you with results of my withstanding the very exorbitant prices of provi• inquiries, made with diligence and care during a sions and of clothing, and the unreasonable rates of journey of nearly 200 miles continuously through freights and of land-carriage, " several parties, the heart of the goldfields of the Upper Fraser. some of them formerly prominent business men in My statements as to the yield of mines lam satisfied San Francisco, are now making preparations for are very nearly correct. Of course I found parties establishing themselves in trade at Port Douglas." making more than any sum I have named, and This is a significant fact. Finally, this observant others less than the lowest mentioned. In fact, I and enterprising traveller winds up with the follow consider these diggings extremely variable and un- ing opinion of the prospects of the country :—" In certain. I have seen one man making large wages closing I cannot refrain from repeating the lan in his claim, while another but a few yards distant guage of encouragement I have already . held. Let could make nothing. And it frequently happens none be discouraged—let none whose lot has been that a party, by striking a lead or pocket, will take cast in and whose interests have been linked with out several ounces in a day, and not make half an those of British Columbia despair. After earefnlly ounce for a week after. This feature of and somewhat extensively surveying this vast field the diggings, while it tends to stimulate the lam satisfied it is destined soon to become the more hopeful and sanguine, is equally calculated theatre of great enterprises and industrial opera to dishearten those of an opposite temperament, tions—the scene of activity and business, the home and hence the conflicting opinions entertained as of a great and thriving people . Just at present to the character of these mines even by those trade is a little stagnant, and the labour who have worked in them, and the difficulty of market depressed. But this is not to last-- arriving at a fair average of wages. Ido not desire the end is very . nigh. Now is the winter of our to become the ardent advocate of these mines, or to discontent.' A few months will initiate a new encourage any one to come to them at this late order of things, and the sun of prosperity will arise, stage of the season. The weather here is growing not soon to set, on the industry and progress of cold ; some snow has fallen even in the valleys, British Columbia." and there are indications that winter is at hand. Very considerable quantities of gold-dust are It still remains to be seen whether men can work continually arriving in Victoria, but I have no at mining here during the winter months or not. means of ascertaining the amount. The produc- I fear they will be able to do but little." tiveness of the mines is now quite settled in the This letter was written on the 22d of November. affirmative. On the 28th Nov. the same gentleman writes a Immigrants have not yet arrived in large num a second letter from Pavilion village, a place still bers, and it is much to be wished that the arrivals higher up on Fraser River. This second letter will be gradual, so as not to overstock the popula agrees so perfectly with accounts which I have had tion suddenly. from reliable persons of the locality spoken of, con- lam this instant informed that four per sons h ave 1 e so much information of an interesting charac- certainly lost their lives from ex p osure t o th e co ld t ,and so completely overturns the depreciatory in Fraser River. They abandoned their boat s an d accounts. published of British Columbia by the Cal - endeavoured to walk along the bank to L ang l e y, f orma press, that I think it ought to be generally but had to succumb before they could reach this circulated as a fair statement of facts. I therefore place. This sad fate could have been averted had copy it in extenso there been suitable steamers on the river to ply "Pavilion, Up per Fraser River, . , . Nov 28 1858 from Langley to Fort Hope, instead of the weak letter, writte n at th e F oun t a i n t wo and ine ffi cient American boats of which I spoke at days since, I gave you a b rief account of a tour the beginning of my letter. through this section of the mines, promising in my At Victoria business is pretty brisk. There are next to say something as to their probable extent, two and sometimes three, steamers engaged in duration, and and productiveness. This p rom -. promise pro- lying merchandise to Langley. Immigrants are teed to redeem : coming in by every vessel from San Francisco, and " MAGNITUDE OE THE GOLDFIELDS OF BRITISH full confidence is entertained in the future growth COLUMBIA. • and prosperity of the place. The Orestes, with " That the auriferous deposits of this region are 500 passengers from Australia for Victoria, had to ap- put in f or re f res h men t a t H ono l u l u , and may be fact that paying diggings have spread over a considerable s co p e of co untry is parent from the already been found on the Fraser ) Liver, extending grants for this place and British Columbia are from Fort Hope almost to Fort . Alexander, a con- bullied into remaining in San Francisco by the part, I tinuous distance of nearly 400 miles. Among the prejudiced stories told them of the failure of the gold mines , and of the frightful severity of the ll n w t il o the —anthde Bridge e r climate, s' ri tr v ib e u rs tar a i r e e s o k f no th w i n s st t i o .ea b m e , Thompson and this will soon find its level. For my am glad that population does not pour sufficiently so to have already richly rewarded upas into those who have laboured upon it as high country nrematurely as happened in Califor and summer th e b est seasons to arr i ve i n. 35 or 40 miles from its mouth, while the former niain its ea r l y d ays . All classes of emigrants will find has been ascertained to have many bars that spring will pay in its bed. On two. of its confluents—Ni- Wor k will be more ab un d ant i n and a b out V i ctor i a, cholas and Bonaparte Rivers—good diggings are money will mo re freely circulate than at present, reported to have been recently discovered. How an new country is a thing I view with horror. many more of the numerous branches of these agreeable. A sudden influx of r o e p . ula l t t ion into a streams shall yet be found abounding in gold re - The flagship Gacges is still here . mains to be seen, little or no prospecting having was sup posed she would have sailed immediately after the thus far been d one u p on th em . N or i s th e extent of this goldfield likely to be limited to these rivers and their sources. Coarse gold was found about six weeks since by some packers while exploring for a mule route around Lake Seton. It was discovered on a large creek flowing into the outlet of the lake at a point about 15 miles from the Fraser. The dust was apparently of high standard value. At two places on the Lillooet River bars have been found that will warrant working with a sluice. The first of these is on the east side of the stream, 10 miles above Port Dquglas, were a party are now washing with sluices with very satisfactory results. When I passed the spot they had been at work but two days ; the first day three men took out 14 dols. 50c. the next day, 18 dols. They showed me the gold, which was fine, like that found on the Lower Fraser. The other bar is 20 miles above Port Douglas. It is very extensive, and promises to pay as well as the one first named, though it has not yet been worked. Bars similar to these are abun dant on the Lillooet, and the fact of these having been prospected was owing to the accident of a log cabin having been built near them, and not because they seemed more likely to contain gold than the others. For 100 miles above the Pavilion, and be yond what is termed the Canoe Country, the banks of Fraser River have been proved to pay even bet ter than below, the gold being coarser and more easily saved, as well as more plentiful. It will thus be seen that the goldfields of British Columbia ascertained to be paying, to say nothing of rumoured discoveries beyond, are tolerably extensive. They do not, it is true, rival those of California or Aus tralia in magnitude, but that they cover a large scope of country, and will give employment to a large population, is settled beyond controversy or question. arrival of the last mail, but the Admiral's letters did not come, owing to some mishap. The Satellite is also in harbour, and so is the Plumper, the latter having returned the other day from Naniamo, where she had her false keel re paired. IRELAND. DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY MORNING THE IRISH CONSTABULARY FORCE. It is generally believed that, by a new arrange ment, no officer who has served in the Irish Con stabulary will henceforth be qualified to fill the uppermost ranks in the force. Sir Henry Brownrigg, who gained his present position by long and meri torious service, and who obtained the appointmont after the resignation of Colonel Wood, is to be the last inspector-general chosen from the force itself. The same rule is to apply to deputy-inspectors, and in future a county inspectorship, value about £4OO a year, is to be the highest prize that can be gained by the constabulary officer. Military men only will be entrusted with the more important commands. A step in this direction has been already taken by the selection of the gallant Colonel Maude, of the Royal Horse Artillery, as the successor of Sir Henry Brownrigg in the deputy inspector-generalship. A better appointment, however, could not have been made. LANDED ESTATES COURT. A portion of the Tipperary estates of Mr. Clement Sadleir was sold yesterday before Judge Longfield. The rental was X 375 a year, and it was bought in trust for Mr. Malcolmson, of Waterford, for £B,OOO. The petitioner for sale was an officer of the London and County Bank. THE DUCHESS OF LEINSTER. The papers announce the death of the Duchess of Leinster yesterday morning, at Carton House, Maynooth. Her Grace had been for several years suffering from au attack of paralysis, which com pletely deprived her of the use of her limbs. The late Duchess was Charlotte Augusta, youngest daughter of Charles, third Earl of Harrington; the first earl of that title was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from 1746 to 1751. She was married in 1818 to Ireland's only Duke, by whom she had a family of three sons and one daughter, all of whom survive her. Her Grace was greatly and de servedly esteemed in Maynooth and the districts surrounding. RESOURCES OF INDIA. Eighteen months ago India had become a word of shame and of weakness to the Englishman. The unanswerable argument of results had turned against him, and with the thought that a whole people, as it seemed, h a d r isen against their oppres sors, he blushed in the presence of the stranger, and falteied even in his own high consciousness and steadfast resolution. For once we had little to reply to the foreigners, who can always spare so much sympathy - for the victim of the British aristocracy, whether it be the factory child, or the Irishman, or the tawny Hindoo, whom the former starves by com petition and the latter runs through with his bayonet. It did occur in darkmoments of self-dis trust that we certainly were intruders in India ; that we had blighted one civilization without sub stituting another ; that we had been false apostles of our own religion ; that there must be deep wrong to implant so savage a resentment; and that the long-predicted day, had come when of the great Anglo-Indian Empire there would remain no mate rial token but our broken champagne bottles. The facts most familiar to the Englishman were not such as to reassure him in the presence of the accuser. We saw those who had returned rich, and we knew that Indian life was not exactly that which poets assign to the regenerators and civilizers of the human species. There were few who venture to join issue with one of the company's many foes as to the railways authorized or in progress, the works of irri°ation, the state of agriculture and trade, the condition of the peasantry, the courts of justice,and the collection of revenue—all said to be as low, as misirable, and as ill managed as was possible under the light of day. But how stands the case now? The war, it is true, is not yet quite over. It has severed even a wider space and shown a greater in tensity than many of us then reckoned upon. Yet there is hardly one Englishman who is not now perfectly satisfied with the righteousness of our cause, and therefore confident of its suc cess and resolute to maintain it. The reason is plain. People know more about Inda. It has become what many deprecated, —a Parliamentary and a public question. In Lord Stanley's speech on Monday night we see the first fruits of that direct responsibility to the House of Commons which Lord Derby's friends told as last year was only another name for faction and corrup tion. The affairs of a great empire have been de scribed with simplicity, and with no other wish than the prosperity of the many millions blessed with our rule; and Lord Derby's own son is the man to do what was supposed impossible in a Bri tish politician. No doubt, nearly all this information was to be collected by proper inquiry and research ; but it is the habit of this country to believe nothing till it is publicly asserted by a responsible informant, and has stood the risk of contradiction and the test of debate. That is what is really meant by respon sible government, and it is as much a domestic as a political practice. Englishmen pin their faith, not on what they read in their libraries, or are told by a solitary bookworm, but on the man who pledges his word at a dinner table, and challenges imme diate contradiction. There are piles of Indian blue-books about us, but six columns of our paper by a Minister solemnly committed to the full and exact truth of all he says outweigh them all. His statements and his promises will alike pass current with his countrymen ; for they will confidently assume the one and expect the other. The British public will now believe —for it has it on the word of a responsible man—that the trade of India has doubled in twenty years, that in three years three thousand miles of railway will be completed, and that in little more time all the great lines of com munication will be traversed by railways, all the chief cities and ports joined, the interiors opened, and railways made wherever there is a good object. The same may be said of the other undertakings mentioned by Lord Stanley. Extensive works of navigation and irrigation have been undertaken or proposed, and some lately finished have proved immensely productive. The fact is now before the world, and it will not be the fault of British capitalists if the good work stops here. Lord Stanley shows the rapid increase in the export of cotton under the stimulus of high prices and better knowledge. Ten thousand eyes have read in that statement the deliverance o f England from the thraldom and scandal of slave-grown cotton. Lord Stanley offers regular employment and local train ing to civil engineers; he gives encouragement to European settlers and points out favourable locali ties ; he promises sales of land, more secure titles, and the opportunity of paying in full and redeeming public dues. No dcubt, many will accept without hesitation these important offers thus made on the credit and honour of their country. Lord Stanley does not generalise or disclaim. There can be no doubt as to his meaning. If he misleads us, the forgery is a very culpable one, for he speaks like a bank note. Sueh is the speech of a responsible British Minister, exposed to that ordeal which last year we were told was so dangerous to honesty and good sense. We feel we may now repose on the unqualified assurance that no cruelty or injustice shall be committed by the operation of the Enam Commission, and that the object is rather to secure titles and to settle disputes than to confisca` o under vexatious pretences. On all these points we seem to have gained a step on " the President of the Board of Control." Lord Stanley anticipates that at some future day England may take the entire responsibility of the whole Indian debt for the difference of value between the English and the Indian security. Our grand , childrea will decide for themselves whether twenty or fifty millions is a sufficient price for so great a responsibility. Perhaps it was not necessary to observe that a repudiation of the Indian debt would cause a great shock to British credit. That "repu diation" could only take place on the total loss of the security, viz., the Indian reve nue — a ft er a fearful struggle. uch an event would undoubtedly shake confidence, not in the honesty, but in the strength and resources, of this country. Our honesty cannot be concerned in the payment of a debt expressly contracted on a given security, at a rate of interest apportioned to its precarious nature. As Lord Stanley leaves the question to posterity, we need not anticipate it, but we should certainly ex pect to find great recklessness of borrowing, if Bri tish credit could be pledged at once for Indian purposes. When the question next arises, it may be under better auspices. The Indian Government has to earn and merit the confidence of the British public. It will acquire that confidence if it invests the rich revenues of India in the public works de scribed and promised by Lord Stanley, and not in ruinous wars of aggression or mere official plunder. When the electric wire has brought Calcutta within five minutes of London ; when railways shall have made the present journeys by dawk or by boats a matter of fable ; when Europeans can settle and move in the interior of the Peninsula as securely and comfortably as in this country, and estates can be bought and sold as here, no doubt Englishmen will feel very differently on the subject of the Indian debt from what they now do. The late change of the Indian Government is a step in this direction. We see in the speech before us ample proof that it is a change for the better, and that India promised to be more responsibly governed than it was under the former complicated and elusive system. But it is a strange caprice of for tuno that this excellent specimen of responsible Parliamentary statement upon Indian affairs should proceed from a body of statesmen who only a twelvemonth ago were proclaiming India to be totally unfit for such a process.—Times. LAW INTELLIGENCE.—Feb. 16. SECOND COURT. (Sittings at Nisi Prius in London, before Mr. Justice Crowder and a Common Jury.) BINGHAM V. MORDAUNT.-FALSE IMPRISONMENT. The plaintiff in this case, a lad of 15 years of age, sued by his next friend to recover damages for false imprisonment. The defendant pleaded not guilty and a justification. Mr. Huddleston and Mr. Pollock were counsel for the plaintiff; and Mr. Serjeant Parry and Mr. Griffiths were for the defendant. The plaintiff had been in the service of Mr. Hin ton, the proprietor of Highbury-barn Tavern and pleasure-gardens, and on the 9th October last he, with another lad named Sudbrook were walking down King William-street to go to Highbury barn. A handkerchief was hanging out of the plaintiff's pocket and Sudbrook took it and gave it to him and told him to put it in his pocket. He did so, and they proceeded on their journey. When they got as far as the King William statue they were stopped by a policeman, and the defendant, who is a tailor in King William-street, afterwards came up and told the policeman that they had picked a gentleman's pocket, and, in answer to the policeman as to whether he would charge them, said, " Oh yes, I will charge them." They were accordingly taken to the police-station and locked up for the night. They were afterwards taken before the Lord Mayor and discharged. The defendant's case was that on the day in question he was standing in his shop and saw two boys rob a gentleman of his p oc k e t-h an dk erc hi e f, and immediately caught up his hat and ran out of the shop. Seeing the two boys passing a hand kerchief, he had mentioned the matter to the policeman, having a very strong impression that they had committed the robbery. The jury found a verdict for the plaintiff— damages, £lO. COURT OF EXCHEQUER. (Sittings at Nisi Prius at Guildhall, before the Lord Chief Baron and a Special Jury.) SHARP V. THE LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY-ACCIDENT. This case was resumed this morning, with fur ther evidence on behalf of the defendants, with the view of proving that the fence over which the cow had escaped was of sufficient construction to be an answer to the allegation of negligence. The Lord Chief Baron having summed up, The jury found a, verdict for the plaintiff— damages, £1,500. COURT OF PROBATE AND DIVORCE. (Before the Judge Ordinary.) STOATE V. STOATE.--SENTENCE. In this case Mr. Stoate, a barrister, who had been found guilty, by a jury, of cruelty and deser tion, moved for a new trial, on the ground that material witnesses whom he had intended to call were absent when the case was heard. Sir C. Cresswell refused the application, and, on the prayer of Dr. Swaby, decreed a judicial separa tion, condemning Mr. Stoate in the costs. THE EARL V. THE COUNTESS OF DEVON. This was a suit for a judicial separation, pro moted by the Earl of Devon on the ground of his wife's cruelty. Dr. Phillunore, Q.C., applied to the court to allow the noble lord to give his evidence by affidavit. The noble earl's health was very precarious, and an examination in open court might lead to serious results. Sir C. Cresswell declined to grant the request of the learned counsel, but said he would allow Lord Devon to be examined by a commission. COURT OF ADMIRALTY. (Befrre Dr. Lushington.) THE HENBURL-SALVAGE. The owners of the Colima sued the owners of th• Henbury for bringing her safely to London, hav ing found her in a disabled condition on the Irish coast. When the Colima fell in with her she had been out from Kurrachee 173 days, and all her crew were ill of scurvy. The owners did not con test the facts. The Court awarded £4OO to the owners of the Colima, £3OO to the master, £2OO to four men who had been put on board the Henbury, and £2OO to the rest of the crew—total £1,200. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY. (Before Mr. Commissioner Fonblanque.) IN RE WM. SLADE. The bankrupt, a paper-maker, of Bagnor, and other places in Berkshi re , a ppli e d f or hi s certificate. The accounts showed a capital at the beginning of 1857 of £4,405. He now owes to unsecured credi tors, £6,599; to those holding security, £3,793 ; liabilities, £5OO. He gives up property of £257, with doubtful debts of £2,333 ; the property held as security is valued at £11,150; and it is antici pated that there will be a considerable surplus available for the general creditors. The profits are stated at £4Ol ; trade expenses, interest, and law costs, £1,070; houses and personal expenses, £360. The principal trade creditors are Messrs. Hedges, Wells, and Co., bankers, of Wallingford, who for a debt of £3,700 hold mortgages of the bankrupt's freehold and leasehold premises, paper mills, and machinery, at Bagnor, Hurstbourne, and Hagborne, in Berkshire, valued at £ll,OOO. There was no opposition. Mr., Lucas, on the part of the bankrupt, asked for a first-class certificate. His Honour said it appeared that the bankrupt had speculated in mining shares, and thus incurred a considerable liability. He had said yesterday, and he repeated, that no man had a right to enter into speculations out of his legitimate trade, unless he had a clear surplus. Mr. Lucas said there would be a surplus in this case if the property was well realised. The Commissioner—He may take a second-class certificate immediately. POLICE INTELLIGENCE.—Feb. 16. MANSION-HOUSE.- - Alfred Algerson, journey man baker, who had been remanded upon the charge of having attempted to commit suicide by jumping over the parapet of London-bridge, was again brought before the Lord Mayor. It will be recollected that after the charge had been proved against the prisoner on Saturday last, he made a long rambling, incoherent statement, to the effect that he had been induced to commit the rash act on account of mental distress, brought on by his having killed his father, by administering to him poison by direction of his mother, he not being aware at the time of the nature of the dose he so administered. The Lord Mayor said he did not believe there was the least foundation for the state ment of the prisoner, but remanded him till yester day, in order that the state of his mind might be ascertained. Mr. Goodman, the chief clerk, now handed to tho Lord Mayor the following certificate : " Gaol of Newgate, Feb. 16, 1859. " In obedience to the instructions of the Lord Mayor, I have the honour to certify that I have daily carefully ex amined Alfred Algerson since his admission into this gaol on the 12th instant, as to the state of his mind. I have ascer tainedsthat just previous to the attempt at suicide he had been drinking hard, which doubtless led to the depression and derangement under which he acted. On a former occa sion he has attempted the same, but under the same perni cious influence. He states that he never had such a thought except when he had been drinking ; that he now regrets and is sorry for what he has done, and has expressed a resolution never to allow himself to be brought under the influence of intoxicating liquors in future. _ "As regird; his statement that'he had given something to his father when he was ill, which his mother said was poison, it appears to arise from some general observation of a drinking and abandoned woman, for he informs me that she drank very hard for four years before her death. Ho like wise states that the doctor from whom the medicine was obtained was found gnawed in his bed by rats. " These statements appear to me absurd and unfounded, and may be pure delusions. His conversation upon all other matters, manner, and conduct, since under my observation, have been quite correct, and have not exhibited any indica tions of derangement of mind. " J. H. GinsoN, F.R.C.S." The Lord Mayor—You see that the statement that the medical man has very kindly sent me says that your depression is brought on by drunkenness. That is generally the case. We cannot permit you to go at large to attempt sack another attack upon your life, and therefore you must find a surety—a good housekeeper—in £lO to keep the peace for one calendar month, and in default of your doing that you must go to prison ; but in sending you there it is in the earnest hope that there you may repent of this propensity, leave it off, and become a useful man. Isaac French, a young fellow belonging to South Shields, and who described himself as a clothier, was charged before the Lord Mayor with having fraudulently obtained goods of the value of £l2 from Messrs. Tallerman, wholesale clothiers, Houndsditch, by false pretences. Mr. Doyle, on behalf of the prosecution, said the prisoner carried on business in South Shields as a clothier • and in th e mon th o f October last, when Mr. Tallerman was in the north, he paid a visit to the prisoner, who gave him an order for clothing amounting to £l2 Os. 11d. Mr. Tallerman, struck by his youthful appearance, asked him if he was 21, and receiv e d f or reply that he was nearly 24. The goods, upon the faith of his representation, were transmitted to South Shields, and in the ordinary course of business payment was applied for several times, but without success. Ultimately an action was brought against the prisoner for the debt in the Sheriffs' Court. The action had just been tried, and to the utter surprise of Mr. Tallerman, the prisoner, who had assured him he wa s near ly 24 years of age, had pleaded infancy in bar of the claim. As his brother swore that he was only 19 years and four months, and the prisoner swore posi tively that he was under 21, the jury were reluc tantly compelled to give a verdict in his favour. He (the learned counsel) apprehended there could be little doubt that the prisoner's misrepresentation of his age, when pointedly asked the question, amounted in law to a fraudulent representation, and inasmuch as the goods would not have been parted with except for that misrepresentation, Mr. Tallerman had considered it his duty to give him into custody. The learned counsel then proceeded to say that he intended to put in evidence the pri soner's own statement as to his age when examined in the Sheriffs' Court, and then, if the Lord Mayor thought any further evidence was necessary, to ask for a remand for the attendance of witnesses from South Shields, who would prove what the age of the accused party was. The Lord Mayor said he was of opinion, accord ing to this stat emen t o f c i rcums t ances , that there was no proof of any legal fraudulent representa tion, for although the prisoner might have told a lie with regard to his age, for the purpose of facili tating his dealings when he went into business, he might at the same time have really intended to pay for the goods. Mr. Doyle contended with great ability *hat the prisoner had been guilty of a fraudulent repre sentation. • The Lord Mayor said that after the circum stances mentioned by the learned counsel he did not consider it his duty to go into the case, as he believed that no jury would convict. His lordship then discharged the prisoner, and observed that as the alleged fraud had taken place at South Shields, Mr. Tallerman could institute a prosecution against him if he thought proper to do so in that town. The prisoner was then discharged. GUILDHALL.—Thomas King, a young man; by trade an umbrella maker, was charged with having posted up some quack-doctors' bills on the outside of a public wall, erected at the north end of Shoe-lane by the Commissioner of Sewers. Police•constable 230 stated that he found the prisoner defacing the wall in question by plaster ing bills on it. Great pains were taken to keep the inside and outside as clean as possible, and he took the prisoner into custody for defacing the wall without the consent of the owners of it. The prisoner said he was a poor man, and he had no idea there was any law to prevent him from doing so. Sir F. G. Moon asked if this was the first com plaint of the sort ? The officer said he believed it was. Sir F. G. Moon said, as it was a first offence, he would discharge the prisoner, but he must let him distinctly understand that the law prohibited such acts, and that if he offended again, he would not only be taken into custody, but fined. John Green, a deformed lad, about fifteen years of age, was charged with stealing a roll of flannel, value 10s., from the shop of Mr. Spice, an oilman, of No. 2, Little Britain. William Augustus Barman stated that he was behind his master's counter on the previous even ing, when he saw the prisoner walk out of the pas sage by the side of the shop with roll of flannel on his shoulder. He followed him, and called " stop thief," upon which he threw down the flannel and ran away. He ran after him, calling out "stop thief," and he was soon stopped and given into cus tody. Edward Brett 272 said be • had made inquiries into the boy's character, and found that he had been twice in custody in the G division. He was re manded from the 4th to the 9th inst., and then dis charged. He was then charged with stealing brushes. The prisoner, in answer to the worthy alderman. said his father was dead, and his mother had run away and left him nine months ago, since which time he had worked as a wood cutter in Golden-lane, but had been out of work for the last three months. Springatt, the gaoler, said he knew the prisoner well. His mother had been twice brought to this court for deserting him, and as soon as she had an opportunity she ran away from him again. The poor fellow was considerably deformed, and was left totally destitute by his unnatural mother. Sir F. G. Moon directed the officer to make further inquiries into the prisoner's antecedents, and he would see what could be done for him. He then remanded him till Monday. CLERKENWELL.—Margaret Sullivan, a girl about 18 years of age, a servant out of place, was charged with stealing £2O, the moneys of Mrs. Augusta Gough. The prisoner was formerly in the employ of the prosecutrix, but in consequence of some irregula rities she was discharged. As soon as she left two sovereigns were missed, and upon a further search being made the remaining money was found to have been stolen. Information was then given to the police, and the prisoner apprehended by Stam mers, 136 N, when she denied any knowledge of the transaction. The prisoner had left three sove reigns with a tradesman in the neighbourhood, which she said she had saved, although she was only in the receipt of a very small sum weekly. The prisoner declined to make any defence, and was remanded for a week. LAMBETH.—Thomas Haden and James Rook, the trustees, and Nathaniel Airs, the treasurer, of the Friendly Society called the " Friendly Codgers," held at the Bird-in-Hand public-house, in Garden row, London-road, appearedin answer to a summons taken out by Charles Tuckey, a free member, and calling on them to show cause for illegally dissolv ing the said society, contrary to the provisions of the statute. Complainant stated that for some years he had been a member of, and contributed to, the society, but had lately become ill, and had been compelled to claim relief under its sick-fund rules. On being paid his weekly allowance on Saturday last, he was told that the society was dissolved on the 31st of last month, and that it was the last money he would receive from its funds. He complained of the society having been dissolved without his being furnished with the usual legal notice, and was told that the members refused to continue in the society if he was allowed to remain in it; so that they not only dissolved the old society to get rid of him, but refused to allow him to join or participate in the benefits derivable from the new. In reply to the questions of the magistrate, the witness repeated that he had received no notice whatever of the in tention of the defendants to dissolve the society and form a new one, and that he had not, either by writing or verbally, given his consent to such a dis solution. The defendants, in reply, said that owing to their rules their members dwindled so rapidly that at last there were only 17 remaining, and the funds, consequently, were not sufficient to pay sick members. They therefore sought to reform the society, and so far as the complainant was con cerned, he had not even applied to be re-elected into the new society. Mr, Elliott (to the complainant)—ls that true ? Tuckey—Certainly not, your worship. When I went to the society they all got round me like bull dogs, and kept saying and shouting out and striking o' the table, "You have no demand on this board—you have no demand on this board," and I told them that I had no demand on the board, your worship—and that was the table they was a strikin' on—but I had on the funds of the society. Their abuse was scandlous, particlar when I axed them if I wasn't to be a member of the new society. Mr. Elliott told the defendants that the whole of their proceedings were not only irregular, but perfectly illegal. He then read a clause i n the act to show them that they could not legally di sso l ve the society without having the consent of the com plainant in writing. And, further, that they, as officers of the society, were liable to be sent to the House of Correction for three months, on conviction before a magistrate, for baying aided and abetted in the dissolution of the society. The magistrate added that the most scandalous injustices were done by the officers of these societies, by disqualifying superannuated members without the slightest legal grounds, after taking their money for many years, and he wished it to be understood that, in all cases coming before him where he found such injustice practised, he should punish the offenders to the ut most limit of the law. In the present case he should adjourn the summons for a week to give defendants an opportunity of doing justice, and at least elect ting complainant a member of the new society. HAMMERSMITH.—A young man named Un derwood Males, who has frequently been summarily convicted, was charged with the following outrage ous highway robbery upon Mrs. Sarah Pembridge, a married woman, residing at No. 17, James-street, Notting-hill. The complainant stated that shortly before 12 o'clock on the night of Tuesday, the Bth inst., sh e was returning home from Oxford-terrace, when she saw the prisoner as she was passing out of the Mall at Notting-hill. He came behind her and took her forcibly , round the neck by her cloak, and dragged her back into the Mall, where there were some carts standing. She struggled to relieve herself, and told him that he was mistaken in the person. He re plied that he was not, and that she was the person he wanted, she then caught hold of some railings as a protection, when he pushed her violently for ward, and she fell down in the mud. He then pressed his knees upon her, and pressed her down while he turned out the pocket of her dress. Fortunately she had only 2d. and a bunch of keys in her pocket, her purse being inside the bosom of her dress. She caught his hand in her pocket, and when she got up she missed the 2d., and her keys were lying on the ground. As he went away she saw him look into his hand, as if he was seeing what he had stolen. She call e d ou t l ou dly f or the pollee, and the prisoner returned and knocked her down twice. The first time he knocked her down with his fist, and the second time he pushed her down violently. He also threatened with an oath that he would knock her teeth down her throat if she made a noise. The prisoner was per fectly sober. Police-constable Turner said he took the prisoner into custody At the corner of Camden-place, and upon taking him to the complainant at her house, she immediately identified him. The prisoner denied the charge, and Mr. Ingham fully committed him for trial. MACHINE FOR MAKING HORSESHOES. An ingenious machine for this purpose has been been erected-at Chillington Ironworks, in this town, by the inventor and proprietor, Mr. Henry Burden, of Troy, in the State of New York, and the pro prietor of an ironworks in that town. Mr. Burden is a native of Dumblane, in Scotland, and from his early youth showed considerable aptitude for me chanical pursuits. From an account published of his career in the New American Cyclopeedia it appears that he is the author of numerous valuable inventions, including a machine for making the double-headed spike used extensively on the Ame rican railways ; and a self-acting machine for reducing puddlers' balls into bloom, which is being largely used in that country. As early as 1835 he took out a patent for a machine for making horse shoes, which he improved upon in 1843, and this was turned to practical account by the production of a considerable number of horseshoes. The present machine, however, which wa s p a t en t e d in 1857, is entirely different from the former ones, and is a very remarkable piece of mechanism. In the pre vious machines the piece of iron bar of which the shoe was to be made was rolled into shape before being bent, and the pressure of the rollers being in the direction of its length, the bar, when it was pressed, was naturally rather extended in length than width, and the widening which is required at the crown of the shoe was not properly effected. By the present plan the bar, after being heated, enters the machine by a feeding apparatus, a piece of the required length is cut off, and, by a stroke from a piece of steel, shaped like the inside of a horseshoe, is bent, and falls upon a die on a wheel beneath, corresponding to one on a cylinder above, and thus acquires by pressure the desired shape, two lateral strikers at the same moment hitting the extremities, or heels, of the shoe, and driving them inwards into the required shape. Thence it passes between another pair of dies, where it is stamped, and by an ingenious arrangement is flat tened from the curled shape which the wheel gives it as it falls at the mouth of the machine. The shoes thus made are remarkable for their exactness in shape and in the position of the holes—a most important point with regard to the safety of horses' feet ; and they can be produced, when the machine is in pro per order, at the rate of 60 per minute, which is more than two men can forge in a day, and the superiority over shoes forged by hand is very strik ing. As the bar is bent before being pressed in the die, the pressure at the crown is in the direc tion of the width, and hence the widening is readily effected. The machine is secured by patent in this and in most of the countries of Europe. It has been erected at Wolverhampton as a central and suitable place of inspection both for this country and for any persons on the continent who may de sire it, the inventor desiring to sell his patent rights in Europe. The United States Government pur chase the shoes thus made for the supply of the cavalry of the States.— Wolverhampton Chronicle. COUNTRY MA_RKETS. NEWARK—FEn. 16. At the market this morning there was a moderate sur• ply of wheat, for which the trade was rather inactive, at last week's currencies. Barley in fair supply, and all su perior qualities realised high prices. Oats were difficult to dispose of, at late rates. Beans a small show, and veil little change in value. White wheat, new, 44s to 49s . Barley, grinding.. 28s to 305 Red do. 39s to 43s Oats, old, .. t--s o—s Old white: 425 to 48s New do 27s to 303 Red do. 38s to 44s Beaus.. 46s to 485 Barley, malting.... 38s to 42s Peas ....—s to ---s DUBLIN-FEB. 15. With only small supplies from farmers, the wheat show is but moderate; the trade, however, rules slow, and the business done is at Friday's rates ; Oats and barley in fair supply, and easier sold. Black oats in demand for ship ment to France. In Indian corn there were scarcely any transactions, with no change in value. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white 22 6 to 25 6 Do., red 2l 6 to 23 0 Do., new Barley Oats . .. . .. 11 0 to 13 0 Do., black lO 6 to 11 0 s. d. s. d. Do., new 11 6 to 13 0 B ere lO 0 to 12 0 Rapeseed Oatmeal l2 6 to 14 0 Bakers' flour Indian corn BRISTOL SUGAR-FEB. 16. We have had a very quiet week in all descriptions of sugar, and there appears to be a general disposition on the part of buyers to keep their stocks low. Prices, however, cannot be quoted any lower, holders being very firm. In rum prices are firm, with very little demand. COAL MART (Prices of Coal per Ton at ET—FEB. 16. the close of the market.) Walls,End. s. d. Buddle's West Hartleyl4 9 Lambert's West Hart ley 14 9 Tanfield Moor 12 0 Haswell Gas. l3 0 Ward's West Hartley 14 0 Wylam Holywell 14 9 s. d. Acorn Close 17 0 Eden.. 17 0 Harton , 16 0 Braddyll's Hetton 17 6 Heugh Hall 17 0 Whitworth 14 6 Hetton.... West Hettaa l6 9 Kelloe lB 0 Nixon's Merthyr 21 0 Powell's Duffryn Steam 21 0 49—Sold, 37. Walls End. Stewart's 18 6 Hartlepool. l6 9 Ships at market, LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL-FEB. 16. There was little doing to-day, and the market closed flat. —Eastern Counties, 12 9-16—Midland, 1011 f —Chester and Holyheads, 481 1--Caledonians, 84 51—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 951—London and North-Westerns, 951 6-- East Lancashire, 951 6—Dutch Rhenish, 51 5b c ris.— Grand Trunk o f Canada, 7f 7l—Great Western, 561 Great Western of Canada, 'l4 ; Dovers, 22 1 • 5-16— —North British, 611—Y or k and North Midland, 781 Berwicks, 931 941—Leeds Northern; 481 48I—North Wes tern, 13I—Leeds, 48I—Great Northern, 105 106—Ditto, A, 88 89—Sheffields, 38f. MANCHESTER—FEB. 16. There was a steady business doing, and prices rather' lower. Leeds, 96—Dovers, 22 5-16—Eastern Counties, 12f—Sheffields 381—Londons 96—North British, 62k--- —Berwicks, 93 1--Grand Trunks, 7f:—Great Western, 57. [AnvEtTisEmENT.]—Holloway's Ointment and Pills. — Diphtheria , —Scarlatina.—The first is an old disease, under a new name, and in nature very closely allied to scarlatina, hence scarlatina and diphtheria are always companions, when the former is malignant. The high rate of mortality from these diseases is causing considerable alarm, which might be moderated or extin,grished were all cases suffering from throat affections subjected to the preserva tin powers of Holloway's preparations, which almost miraculously allay fever and inflammation, arrest and cure ulceration, and restore vigour to the heart, lungs, brain, and liver. The infant at the breast may safely be rubbed with Holloway's Ointment to prevent these complaints, which are particularly fatal in chlldhood, where this con servative remedy has been thoughtlessly neglected. BIRTHS. POWER.— On the 13th inst., the wife of Kingsmill Manley Power, Esq., of Hill Court, Herefordshire, of a son. WALFORD.—On the 16th inst., at Hampstead,lMrs. Edwd. Walley', of a son. WHARTON.—On the - 15th inst., at 36, Mount-street, Lam beth, Mrs. Charles Hubert Wharton, of a daughter. YELVERTON.—On. the 11th inst., at 1, Randolph Cliff, Edinburgh, the wife of Major the Hon. W. Yelverton, R.A., of a son, prematurely. MARRIAGES Cummiric — STEWART.—On the 14th inst., at Ediuburgh, Henry Gordon Cumming, Esq., son of Sir W. Gordon Cumming, of Altyre, Bait, to Elizabeth Newton, daugh ter of Major Ludovick Stewart, 24th Regt. GORRINGE—TURNER,—On the 15th inst,, at St. James's, Piccadilly, Mr. Henry Smith Gorringe, of Lewes, Sussex, to Mary Ann, second daughter of the late Mr. T. Turner, of Nailand House, Balcombe, Sussex. DEATHS. BAINES.—On the 15th inst., Edward B. Baines, Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, only son of B. Baines, Esq., of Loraine-place, Holloway. BARBER. —On the 12th inst., at Brixton, Sarah, relict of Thos. Barber, Esq., aged 92. BOOKER..—On the 15th inst., Eleazar Booker, Esq., of Edmonton, aged 73. BOYLE.—On the 11th inst., at his residence, 74, Rue Fau bourg St. Honore, Paris, Rear-Admiral Courtenay Boyle. BRISTOL. —On the 15th inst., in St. James's-square, the Most Hon. Frederick William, Marquis of Bristol, in his 90th year. CROSLEY.—On the 15th inst., Isabella Emily, youngest child of Edwin Crosley, Esq., of Somerset Lodge, Brix ton, and Stock Exchange, aged 16 months. NEWFORT.—On the 15th inst., in Little Ryder-street, St. James's, the Rev. Sir John Newport, Bart., aged 59. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO. YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of Niddleaex, 'ebriary 17, 1859, tte th arr tiy UT( th, coi