The Sun. — London, England, 1859-10-19 00:00:00

E SS. sledge-hommer blow When he maintains that with ENSON'S " Perfection of ingcliaialsra."—Morning Po . st. materiel in abundance, what we have to look to 2to 50 g uineas. Gold Watches ............... ... 4 to 100 g uineas. now, above all things, is the personnel with which silver Watches ................ 31 and 31, Ludgato-hill, L03(1011, 1.. C. to set the-whole machinery of the former in motion. 2 s tamps for Benson's Illustrated` a.mphlet on Watches. -- I Hitherto he reminds us that we have failed to solve this problem, though, to the very end of its solution among other things we have an Admiralty costing us £lOO,OOO a year! "It is admitted," he says,' " that when men are voted and en tered there is no difficulty in keeping . up the num ' ber ; the difficulty is to keep under the vote, but the moment an emergency arrives and some thousands, or indeed hundreds, are wanted, we are all abroad. This is not surprising, as the sailors are employed in the different trades, and they will not leave their employment to enter the navy unless it is made vorth their while ; and experience tells us we have reeve'' yet come up to their mark." Bozo judici ously axe d accurately to " come up to their mark , " S.ir CHARLES NAPIEIt'S letter very lucidly explains. ,fie recommends a series of improvements calculated mder i t zlly to better the condition of JACK, when he has cnce got fairly into the service. Among these improvements, insisting especially upon the advisability, if not the absolute and imperative necessity there is pf relaxing somewhat the con fi nemen t to which th e men are sub . II argues forcibly, jetted on board a ship i n fevpur of doing to our thinking irr esistibl y , away entirely with the discomfort of the hulks — receiving the men on board the first day the pen nant is hoisted. He recommends weekly payments, the granting of moderate leave, and the making officers and men at once "as comfortable as if the ship had been six months in commission." Above all things, however, Sir CHARLES NAPIER has his heart steadily set throughout upon the one great want in the service—the establishment of a reserve of disciplined seamen to the number of 30,000 ! Now mark especially what it is Sir CHAS. NAPIER has to say upon this point, as .to the reserve of thirty thousand. "Parliament," writ2s the gallant Admiral to the Duke of SOMERSET, " Parliament has voted £lOO,OOO to form this reserve. It is proposed to give each man £5. For this he must be ready at all calls. He must serve 28 days each year, and must know all his drills. During-this time he will receive the same pay, provisions, and the same privileges as seamen serving. Now, my lord, to make this reserve effi cient, they must give up all trades except the coasting trade. Now, a sailor in the prime of life does net like to be thus restricted. He is fond of wandering all over the world ; and if he is not in the prime of life, he is not fit for the reserve. Your grace will find that £5 is not a sufficient induce ment for a good seaman to take up such a line. It appears to me the formation of the reserve must be begun with men who have served ten years in actual service. At present those men are entitled to a pension ; that should be abolished, and they should only be entitled to enter the reserve. They should be designated the Queen's Naval Guards ; and they should be exempt from corpo ral punishment when serving; they should be men of exemplary conduct, and after having been ten years in the reserve they should receive a good pension, but subjected to be called upon, if fit, and wanted, and then designated the Old Guard, and receive, as they do now, both pay and pension. They should be eligible to civil situ ations, and care should be taken to employ them if fit. If artificers, they should be preferred to others to serve in the dockyards, which is never thought of ; on the contrary, the dockyard officers arc generally against them. This ought not to be. Now, my lord, comes the question, what pay is sufficient to induce men to join the reserve Five pounds will certainly not do. We must be careful not to risk a failure, and we ought to make searching inquiries among the men them selves what, in their estimation, would be suffi cient encouragement to induce them to adopt the coasting trade, so as to be at hand at all calls. Whatever is thought just must be given. There is no help for it, for neither the sailor nor the country will now stand compulsion." Than all this, nothing could well be more reasonable. We listen, like COLERIDGE'S wedding guest, to every syllable of it. And, while we listen, the Ancient Mariner " hath his will."—We bow to the force and cogency of Sir CHARLES NAPIER'S arguments. ----------- ______ ROYAL EN6LISII ' OPERA.,I cOlf ENT -GII,DEN. Undir the management of Miss L. l'yne des Ir.W. -Harrion. THIS EVENING, I) INCo R A If. rs. Santley, 11. Corri, St. Albyn, and. W. Harrison. Xicses Pilllng, Thirl wall, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Conductor, Alfred Mellat. DIVERTISSE.IfENT. Mdlles. Levine, „Pasquale , Pier ron, and Mons. Vandris. Commence at S o'clock, T HEATRE -ROYAL HAym,LitIC.F.T. Lessee. Mr. J. B. Backstone. THIS ETENING the pe rformances will notnnunce with AN UNEQUAL MATCH. Miss Arny Sedgwlek. After which, a new Farce, entitled THE RIFLE, MID HOW TO USE IT. Messrs. Buckstoue, Compton, Ko:erg, Mrs. B. White. Mrs. Wilkins, and Mrs..E. Pitzwilliam. And lIALLOWE'EIg. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRZ. Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVEICINII, the performances will commence with LOVE'S TELEGRAPH. To be followed by a dramatic tableau in Watteau colours, by J. R. Planche, Esq., entitled LOVE AND FORTUNE. To conclude with THE TWO POLTS. MEW THEATRE ROYAL, AD ELPHL Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Open for the Winter Season. THIS EVENING will be performed ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs. J. L. 17oole, Chas Selby, and Miss Kelly. After wh, THE WILLOW COPSE. Luke, Mr. Ben. Webster ; Hu lks Mr. David Fisher; Augustus, Mr. J. L. Toole ; Staggers, Mr. Paul Bedford. Followed by LOVE AND HUNGER. Mr. David Fisher, Mr. Paul Bedford, C. Selby, C. J. Smith, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor far bills of performance. All fees to servants of this establishment arc strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. R OY AL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen gers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING, Poole's comedy, THEY'RE BOTH TO BLAME. Messrs. Leigh Murray, Barrettat , Walter Mesdames Erank Matthews, Murray, Chari ne HicksonCarle ;. +After which the sticce , ;sful Ballet Farce, by John Oxen ord, Esq., entitled MAGIC TOYS, supported by Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, and a numerous Corps de Ballet. To conclude with the New and Original Burlesque, by L. Buckingham, Esq., of VIRGINIUS ; or the Trials of a Fond Papa. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, Is. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six; perform ance commences at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough THIS EVENING, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN EGGS. After which THE GREAT RUSSIAN BEAR ; or, An other Retreat from Moscow. And CAUGHT BY THE EARS. Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE LADY OF LYONS. Commence at 7 o'clock; CANTERBURY ALL C ONCERT S. — EVERY EVENING. —The Music of Verdi's Opera of MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con certs). In a few days will be produced a Selection from Meyer beer's new opera of DIITORAII. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Frodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchlield, and E. W. MAckney. Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. THE WEATHER.—Surr OFFICE, OCTOBER 19. THERVONETER, IN THE SHADE. 58—highest since noon yesterday. 53—!owest this morning and during the night. 59—this day at noon. BenommTEn-29.93. WIND, Southerly; light, with dull weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, 6h. 21m.—Afternoon, 6h. 55m, To-Molutow-Morning, 7h. 35m.—Afternoon, Bh. - 22m. ~..&_ 1, :., .., _,ji.au 4 , ....=,--,---,----, ii.t - ,- ,,, "•,-*- _ ? ; . , .....C1- % '';,. 4 , -_. •.--irT , ''. lrT :*- t, , , . _ r--- '' ''CC- tt .._ .. _ . 4, 4 %.'.. , "r • .ii o- • .•.,,,, - X,;." 1- r,•3 - 1; - e - jA. ___,,, • 0` - Ntfo , i• ‘,4 :4;v n t ,_.---,.. -4 4 -- 4.0 - TILE SUN. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 19, 180 Additional light is fast falling upon the hitherto somewhat obscured problem of the National Defences. Already, thanks to the energetic awaken. ing of the public attention to the extreme urgenc) of the necessity long suspected, but now quite visible—the imminent and paramount necessity of reorganising those National Defences speedily and permanently—already we have (what we had not two years ago) a Channel Fleet ! We have a fleet in the Mediterranean ! We have the wooden walls of Old England more carefully looked to, with a view to their strengthening and general reparation ! Our dockyards, our arsenals, our seaports, ships, guns and ammunition, seamen and marines, coast guards and coast volunteers—men and materials — the whole naval system, in fact, from the Lords We feel some hopes that the revelations of thi two Election Commissions, and the honest, well timed remarks of Lord BROUGHAM at Bradford, Commissioners of the Admiralty down to the poor maimed and weather-beaten pensioners at Greenwich Hospital we are now subjecting to a will not be lost on the GENTLEMEN of the Rouse careful scrutiny, to an anxious and conscientious of Commons. A considerable number will occupy seats on both benches whose sense of honour, and even their conscience, must make them some- investigation. Happily by this time we are all of us pretty well agreed as to the advisability of this thorough revision of our maritime defences with an eye to their more perfect reorganisation. Every one is ready to put his shoulder to the wheel—we are all so painfully conscious that it has fallen so deep what uneasy. Gloucester and Wakefield would never have been properly known to the country, nor even to themselves, bad not the Commissioners shrived them publicly. And lost indeed to all self-respect must the Commons of England be if the really pure will not vote for com pelling all to be so ; and, if those who know, or have the best of reasons for suspecting, that they into the rut of routine as to require a more than ordinarily energetic effort to secure its complete and rapid extrication.. Yesterday we had the satisfaction of giving the latest and not by any means the least important or sit in the house through the venality of electors, do least valuable evidence of the profound interest not show themselves in earnest to prevent a repe this agitation has kindled in favour of the better securing of the National Defences by means of the comprehensive improvement of the Royal Navy, as bearing at once the Sword and the Shield of England. Allusion is made, of course, to the many admirable sugges tions contained in the communication addressed to the Duke of SOMERSET, as First Lord of the Ad miralty, by one of our most gallant old tars, Admi ral Sir CHARLES NAPIER, M.P. for Southwark. Sir CHARLES has often blundered before now, both ashore and afloat, and while we have never once failed to do honour to his many brilliant qualities and splendid services, we have at the same time never once hesitated to reprehend his con duct, whether as a politician or as a naval comman der, whenever, in either capacity, he has appeared by errors of judgment or want of discretion to demand reprehension. Sir CHARLES blundered, for example, and blundered egregiously, in his mis taken estimate of the screw propeller as applied to the man-of-war in lieu of the old-fashioned, cum brous, and exposed paddlewheel. Ileblundered again to our thinking, and blundered there most deplor ably, upon the occasion of his last great command : First of all, by consenting to take that magnificent fleet of his into the Baltic without insisting upon carrying, out with him an adequate supply of gun boats of light draught suited to the shallow waters of the Neva, and cf the Baltic itself around Cronstcdt and Helsingfors ! and Secondly, in opening the campaign in those waters with a fire:3.n d-fury signal that had the sorry anti-climax of not even ending in smoke—in the smoke of a daring attempt at the bombardment of the maritime capital of the foe Whatever may have been our gallant old tar's sins ()remission or of commission previously —he is corta.inly, however, nct blundering now as a u... val reformer ! As a reformer of that glorious service of which, in spite of all his faults, he is recognised far and wide as one oft e most distinguished among its livirtgornaments. In this his last argument in favour of a better system of manning the royal navy, Sir CHARLES hits the right nail upon the head at once, and doe s so, moreover, with a telling MOFFAT aiding and abetting the secret transmis. tit.ion of such practices. It is but too common to talk only of the de moralisation of poor electors ; but if we are not mis taken, a sentiment of commiseration for rich can didates and respectable electors must have arisen in many minds, as they have skimmed tedious parts of the painful evidence, and pondered on others with reluctant interest ! 'When we find in the Gloucester affair even Sir W3l. HATTER and Mr. sion of money from London, and candidates and professional gentlemen, _ and citizens, whom we properly deem respectable—handling money and transacting their business secretly through other persons, with every precaution that they shall not, formally and technically, know that of which they cannot have a shadow of a doubt—how can we help feeling for the degrada tion of these gentlemen. " What you doubt, do not," is one of the oldest of moral rules, one, too, which has the express sanction of the Christian revelation. Yet, all these persons, who would have cut off their right hands, probably, rather than be guilty of a doubtful commercial transaction—all of them conspire to bay money, or to be agents in its payment for a debasing crime—a crime both in law and morality—a crime, which if imputed to them per sonally—they would deem themselves excused in resenting the accusation with personal violence — with the old English law of turning the accuser out of doors, or of kicking- him down stairs. At Wakefield the case was in some respects worse. The two candidates were, we believe, for we know neither personally, two as respectable gentlemen as any who could have contested the Borough—yet Mr. LEATII.III, though annoyed, handed over to his election agent first £l,OOO ; in a few days £5OO ; in less than a week £l,OOO more; and after the election £2OO and. £soo,—in all £3,200, and that not all—indeed it did not in clude what was paid through the Auditor, besides outstanding accounts—the whole probable cost of the election to Mr. LEATIIAM amounting to not less than £4,200 ! The money was procured secretly from London; and by avoiding direct knowledge THE SUN, LONDON' WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 19, 1859 LATEST NEWS. ROME, OCT. 15. The Du'.-e de Gramont, French Ambassador, con :limes to hold conferences at Castel Gandolfo. It is said that his Holiness the Pope, acting in concert with the Emperor of the French, will ad dress a manifesto to the inhabitants of the States of the Church. MARSEILLES, OCT. 18. Advices have been received from Morocco. The Emperor, having put to flight his adver saries, made a triumphal entry into Mequinez. The Emperor has granted freedom of trade to the inhabitants. The Dowager Empress of Russia took her de parture from Genoa for Nice. NEISSE, UPPER SILESIA, OCT. 18. The Emperor of Austria will proceed to Myslo vitz, on the frontiers of Prussia and Poland, there to meet the Emperor of Russia. Cadorna, a colonel in the Sardinian army, into that of Tuscany, with the rank of major-general. The communal council of Milan has voted 100,000 f. towards Garibaldi's subscription of 1,000,000 f. for the purchase of muskets. The Gazette de Savoie says :—" We are assured that the lists of officers prepared at the Ministry of War are for an effective strength of 100,000 men, exclusive of the rifle corps and the military marine. In addition to that force, the kingdom will have about 600,000 national guards, completely equipped, a sixth part of which, in case of need, may be mo bilised, as was recently done with the battalions of Genoa and Turin. The military contingent of Cen tral Italy is not included in the above, and its active army is about 30,000 men." NAPLES. A communication from Naples of the 12th says : M. Ajossa, formerly intendant of Salerno, is now the influential man of the Minissry. It is he who has brought about the dismissal of M. Go verna, the prefect of police, whose excessive zeal had excited ill-feeling against the Government. The warlike preparations are proceeding with un remitting vigour. The corps d'armee now con sists of 22,000 men, and is to be further increased to 30,000. Placards have been posted up this morning to give a stimuius to the enrolling of volunteers. Gen. Pianelli has removed his head quarters to Teramo. More troops have marched from Gaeta. The new decree which prohibits pecuniary exemptions, and calls upon every Nea politan not legally exempt to serve in-person or provide a substitute who has been in the army, continues to excite great discontent. The steamer Hellespont, which went ashore off Pausilippo, and afterwards sold for a mere trifle, has been broken to pieces by the sea on the rock where she struck. of how the money was used—by asking no ques tions for conscience sake—Mr. LEATHA3I tried to Make himself believe that he possessed moral as well as legal innocence ! But Mr. CIIARLEsWORTH, the Conservative can•• didate's, case is stranger still. He could tell the Commissioners—that he only provided the £625 10s. shown by the auditors account ; that no money was spent improperly on his account, with his knowledge or consent, that he had published that if his election were not won by fair means he would retire, and placard the town to that effect ; that he did not give the slightest autharity to any person to provide money for improper purposes ; that it was entirely untrue that the money came from him which was said to have been spent improperly, and so forth, —but by degrees the strange truth leaks out. It could not be denied that an immense amount of money had been spent—who then did find it ? I believe it was my cousin JOHN BART CHARLES WORTH." Oh, oh! a cousin one who was juit then on the Continent ! " But he never had talked with him about it. In fact, he did not mind saying, he did not wish to hear anything about it." And this cousin who are Ms bankers ? the Messrs. LEATIIAM and the Messrs. BECKETT, of Leeds. And now follows the unaccountable sequel to those statements—two days afterwards. One of the Leeds Bank partners gives in evidence the account of "my cousin" with the firm. It will seem hardly credible that the cousin was introduced to BECKETT'S Bank just before the election by the candidate cousin,S.D.CEIARLES WORTH - introduced by a note introduced with no money to deposit, but with a railway debenture, the property of the candidate, for £5,000 as a security for the bankers, and that the cousin, J. B. CHARLESWORTH, rapidly drew from the bank advances to the tune of £1,150 ! Let the reader compare these facts with the slight summary given above of Mr. CHARLES WORTH'S story, his asseveration of ignorance whence the money came, and of the entire untruth of the statement that it came from him. What must be the morally blinding influence of electoral practices on an honpurable man, when he can solemnly affirm, that it was wholly untrue that money raised on property of his own, and at his own request, was money which came from him. Last Monday the Commissioners felt bound to see Mr. CHARLESWORTH again; and after telling him in plain English that the money must be re garded as emanating from him—asked into whose hands it passed from those of h cousin. Again Mr- CHARLESWORTH did not_know ; however he could conjecture, and gave, we are not sorry to see, a Spanish name, M. JOSE FERNANDEZ. But he, it turned out, was at Hamburg ; and Mr. Sergeant PIGOTT had openly to complain that other persons summoned were now in Scotland, Paris, Jersey, Brussels, and Naples ! !—and also, still worse, that though "nearly £5,000 had been spent in bribery on Mr. CHARLESWORTH'S behalf, his supporters came and swore, one and all, that they had never heard of such a thing !" Mr. CHARLES WORTH was obliged to own that it was more than ought to have been spent even if bribery was re sorted to. On which Sergeant PIGOTT replied, " We want some one to come forward on your side and tell us the truth about this matter. It must be from a mere love of falsehood that the facts are kept from us. We have the great broad fact of £4,750 being spent, and to divide it up into de tails is of comparatively small importance." On the face of all the facts which have transpired at Gloucester and 'Wakefield, we must blush for the demoralising effect of election law and practice, as it stands, on our gentlemen. Setting aside for a moment the awful fact that they arc as nearly guilty, legally, as they can be, and really guilty, morally, as Lord BROUGHAM shelved at Bradford, of subornation of pellary, in regard to the bribed electors—what are they guilty of in regard to their own practices? Here are men, many of whom bitterly denounce secret voting for an honourable purpose, now confessing to sec-et paying for votes, to secret remittance and obtaining of money for that purpose—to keeping all the deeds of their agents as secret to themselves even as possible, being ashamed or afraid to know of the secret deeds to which their money has been applied, and then pretending an innocent ignorance, ten times worse than any pre tence which a voter by ballot could make, of hav ing 'voted for one candidate, while he had really voted for the other. These gentlemen practise concealment and secresy for a purely immoral—indeed, criminal—purpose to corrupt electors. The secret voter would practise it for at least a moral purpose—that of securing his righ t to vote for the man he approved. And yet these men these secret, equivocating corrupters of voters—these suborners of perjury, as Lord BROUGHAM would style them 7 ---these are the men who will affect a sanctimonious concern to save the voter by ballot from the temptation to equivocate and dissemble as to the vote he has given ! The CHARLESWORTHS and CARDENS know full well that secret voting would render useless their secret corruption of voters by the secret flow of gold from them to the poor elector. His Excellency Count d'Apponyi has returned to the Austrian Legation from a tour of visits in Scotland. The Countess d'Apponyi is at presort in Hungary. The Duke of Newcastle arrived in London on Monday evening. The Marquis and Marchioness of Waterford, and a select family circle, are staying with the Archbishop of Armagh, at the Archiepiscopal Palace, Armagh. The Earl and Countess of Eglinton aro enter taining a distinguished circle of friends at Eglinton Castle, N.B. The Earl of Elgin has arrived at Fenton's Hotel, from Scotland. Viscount Palmerston left Cambridge House yes terday afternoon' for Broadlands. Lord and Lady Lyndhurst and the Hon. Miss Copley have arrived at St. Leonard'e-on-Sea, from Cowes, Isle of Wight. We are happy to learn that the noble an! learned lord is in the enjoyment of good health. Lord and Lady Aveland and family are passing the season at Normanton Park, whore a succession of visi tors are enjoying her ladyship's hospitality. Lord Cranworth has left Mount Trenchard, where the noble and learned lord hasbeen en a visit to Lord and Lady Monteagle, on his return to his seat in Kent. MARRIAGES IN limn LIFE.—We understand that a matrimonial alliance is arranged to take place be tween Lord Charles Bruce, youngest son of the lato Mar quis of Ailesbury, and Miss Augusta Seymour, youngest daughter of Lady Augusta Seymour. We also understand a marriage will shortly take place between the lion. Cecil Duncombe, second son of Lord and Lady Faversham, and Miss Eleanor Mills, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mills, of Camelford house. NEW BATTERY ON THE CLYDE.—Her Majesty's Government, we understand, have resolved to erect a new battery ou. the Clyde, on the shores of Itoseneath, nearly opposite Gourock ; and this week some office: s of the Engi neers have been inspecting the grounds, and holding con sultation with the Duke of Argyll, who is lord of the manor. With this battery at Itoseneath, and the other one already erected at Gourock, both sides of the Clyde will be com pletely protected, and rendered inaccessible to any foe. THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION.—Lady Franklin has resolved to sell the steam-yacht Fox, which so successfully conveyed Capt. WClintock and his brother heroes to the fulfilment of their mission The sale is to take place at Lloyd's, by Itayloy and Ridley, early in November, and will no doubt create much interest. ACCIDENT TO MR. SAMUEL WARREN, Q.C.—We regret to hear that Mr. Samuel Warren, Q.C., who with his family has been spending the recess at Lynton, North Devon, a few weeks ago fell heavily on the rocks, while stepping into the water to bathe, and received a severe in-. jury to the right shoulder, which was violently wrenched. lie is now, however, nearly recovered, and is again able to write, though not without some effort.---15t. "«»tcs' s Chronicle, FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY. The Pays, in its edition for to-morrow, in an nouncing the conclusion of the Treaty . of Peace be tween France and Austria, adds that the Plenipo tentiaries will sign the two other treaties in a few days. Some formalities in the Chancellerie are now the only cause of delay, the three Powers being _ _ agreed upon all points of the treaty. The latest reports this afternoon are that the sig• nature of a second treaty, between France anc Piedmont will be announced in to-morrow's Moni !cur, and a third, between the three Powers, in that of the day after. According to the same reports, the question of the Lombard debt is settled and included in the treaties, so that there will be no occasion for arbitration. Austria is said to have reduced her pretensions, but not without some corresponding advantage, variously described. Brussels is assigned as the place of meeting of the Congress. Austria, it is related, would have had it at Paris, with a view to gratify the French Em peror, to whom she at present pays court; but the Emperor Napoleon—desirous, say some, to give a mark of goodwill to England, by whom he believed it to be preferred—voted for Brussels. The most prevalent report to-day, respecting the composition of_the Con gress, is that it will consist of nine Powers —Sweden and Portugal being the two that arc lopped off from the list of 11 circulated the other day. The 70th Regiment of Infantry, coming from Italy, has arrived in Lyons, and the 71st, forming part of the same brigade, is likewise expected in that town. The return to France of these regi ments is taken as an indication that the French Government does not apprehend any fresh conflict in Italy. The Journal de Marennes says that the oyster fishery on that coast has been most productive since the Ist of the month. Notwithstanding the enor mous quantity of fish taken, the price is higher this year than usual, 40f. being freely given for a barrel of oysters. Thirty years since the value was only 5f., and even at that price it was difficult to find purchasers. The proposed expedition to China has excited great emulation among the :maritime Powers o, Europe. Independently of the squadrons that Austria and Prussia, intend, it is said, to send to the Chinese seas, Sweden and Denmark are stated to be likewise preparing to despatch ships to watch the operations of the Anglo-French forces. A Paris letter in the Nord of Brussels gives a few particulars relative to the late interview of the representatives of Tuscany and Parma with the Emperor :—" The envoys from Parma were the first admitted into the presence of the Emperor. The audience only lasted a quarter of an hour, but if the interview was short, it was at least highly satisfactory to the deputies from Parma, for when they left their countenances showed marks of perfect content. Next camp the turn of the Tuscans, who remained in conference with his Majesty for more than an hour and a half. The envoys from Parma were three in number, MM. Torrigiani, Cantelli, and Anguissola ; the Tuscan deputation being composed of MM. Laja lico, Peruzzi, and .Matteueci. As the Italian envoys have maintained the strictest reserve as to every thing which took place at the interview, it would be presumptuous in me to give details. The Em peror, however, is said to have maintained the atti tude which he has constantly observed since the peace of Villafranca, and has shown himself faith ful to his feeling of active sympathy flr the Italian Peninsula." MM. Arnstein and Eskeles, the bankers of Vienna, in May last drew two bills to the order of the Credit Mobiler of Paris on MM. Meyer and Co., of that city, for the sum of 48,000 fr., and they at the same time sent to the latter 200 Austrian rail way shares to be sold to pay the said bills and some others. MM. Arnstein and Eskeles stopped pay ment before the shares were sold, and the syndics of the bankruptcy in consequence demanded that they should be given up to them as part of the meets of the estate, and they contended that, not withstanding the special purpose to which they had been set apart, the Credit Mobilier had no privilege over a portion of the proceeds of tkem. The Credit Mobilier insisted that as the shares had been spe cially sent to Paris to pay the two bills in question, it was entitled to be paid out of the amount realised by their sale. The Tribunal of Commerce was yesterday called on to decide between these rival oliepretensions,bir was itanwdell founded. declared that that of the Credit BOURSE, Oct. 18.—The market has been rather heavy. Threes, after having been done at 691. 65e., are now at 69f. 80e. ; Mobilier varied from 775 f. to 782 f. 50c.; Austrian, 515 f. to 547 f. 50c.; Lombard, 5521. 50c. to 555 f. ; Lyons, 910 f. to 513 f. 75c. ; Orleans, 1,365 f. to 1,367 f. 50c. The following were the last quotations :- 41 per Cents. 9s— Do. end month 95 50} 3 per Cents. 69 65 Do. end month 69 75 Bank Shams 2825 I Cridit Mobilier Do. Accaunt 785 Credit Fonder 690 Belgian 41 . ..... looi Piedmonteso (5) B5 25 Roman B3 75 Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt 43a - RAILWAYS. Orleans Cash. Account. . Northern . 1362 50 .. 1367 50 New ditto 940 .. 940 825 .. Lyons and Mediterranean Genev South a 5lO .. 535 510 .. 507 50 ern Western 572 .50 .. 570 Eastern Sardinian 413 75 .. 415 Austrian Lombard ... ... ; .... 656 .. 557 50 • Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 1210. ; money, 25f 11c.; three months, paper, 24f. 971 c.; money', 21f. 950. ITALY. The Opinion° of Turin, in mentioning the arrival of the King at Genoa, on the 16th, describes the reception which he received from the population as most enthusiastic, not only* at Genoa, but also at Asti and Alessandria, where the Royal train stopped. At Novi, two French regiments were drawn up to receive his Majesty. On his Majesty's arrival at Genoa, a deputation of the Society of Ladies, who had attended the wounded, presented the King with a splendid bouquet, accompanying the gift with the following compliment—" Sire, deign to accept these flowers which the City of Genoa offers you—a small tribute to one who reigns over 25 mil lions of hearts." The Municipality of Genoa and deputations from the Municipalities of Brescia and Bergamo were in attendance at the sta tion. During the King's progress to the palace, flowers were showered upon him from the I windows all along the Via Balbi, one of the longest streets of the city. The Empress Dowager of Russia arrived two hours later, and was much cheered. In the evening the IC-ing visited the Carlo Felice theatre. The public and private buildings were illuminated, but the effect was spoilt by rainy weather. The Tuscan Goi . ernment has admitted Chevalier AUSTRIA. The Cologne Gazette publishes the following, under date of Vienna, 14th :—" A commission has been appointed at Verona to hold an inquiry into the causes of the defective supply of provisions for the troops during the war in Italy, and a full report on the subject is to be laid before the Emperor. The investigation has already begun, and rumour states that most startling discoveries have been made, which compromise many functionaries, both civil and military. It is certain that all kinds of provisions were abundant enough, yet the troops for whom they were destined did not get them when required. There must have been embezzlements on a large scale, and this the accounts appear to prove, for they contain such items as 30,000 zwanzigers (24,000 f.) for matches !" The Union says :—" M. Iranyi, formerly represen tative of the people in Hungary, writes to us to say that it is not true that there are 1,200 Hungarians in the army of the Italian League, as some journals have stated. Only thirty hussars and ten officers, headed by Col.:Bethlen, have,' he says, entered the service of the D.achies. The other Hungarians, belonging to the legion form©d in Piedmont, have been sent home in virtue of the amnesty agreed to at Villafranea, and of the obligation entered into by the Austrian Government with the Emperor of the French, not to enrol the men in Austrian regi ments.' " RUSSIA. The following letter has been received from S Petersburg, dated the 10th instant:— " The people here were left in the most complete ignorance as to the day and hour of Schamyl's ar• rival. The object was evidently to avoid the con gregation of the curious, and likewise ill-timed demonstrations: It was almost by chance that I happened to be at the terminus of the Nicholas Railway, where I observed several officers in uniform on service. I asked one of them :if by chancy he was not expecting the Iman of the Muridcs, coming from Moscow ? He replied affirmatively, and I placed myself at the gate in such a position as to be able to see everybody alighting from the waggons. The train arrived ; Iman Sehamyl was in a coupe with his son and four Murides. He was received by the officers, who escorted him to the hotel of Znam cuski. He wore the kind of white turban called tcherkenka and a very plain caftan. His piercing eyes surveyed the crowd of spectators, whose curiosity he apparently wished to gratify, for he walked at a very deliberate pace. His pale face flushed for an instant, as if he had yielded to feel ings of pain and regret, but he quickly recovered his tranquil and cold demeanour. After a rest of several hours he proceeded to visit the General on duty and thence to the residence of General Igna tiew, Military Governor of St. Petersburg. H e drove round the principal streets in a light carriage, and then returned to his hotel. It is said that he will visit the French and Russian theatres, where the public may gaze at him at their leisure. Prince Alexander Gortschakoff, Minister for Foreign Affairs, sets out to-morrow for War saw to preside at filo meeting of the Russian Ministers accredited to the great European Courti. The object of this meeting is to deli berate on the course to be pur sue d i n a European - Congress, of which there is no doubt entertained here. Both England and Austria have finally com prehended the necessity of regulating; several ques tions which escape the Plenipotentiaries of Zurich. Russia, I am informed, has not given an opinion for or against the restoration of the Italian dynas t ties, but she will not refuse to join in a congress. I believe I may add that she is decided to enter • it—otherwise, I doubt that Prince Gortschakoff , would go to Warsaw. The Emperor Alexander is expected there on the 15th or 17th. He is now at Odessa." SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the 14th have arrived. The Cortes on the preceding day was occupied in discussing the bill for sanctioning a convention with Rome on the sale of ecclesiastical property, and the Senate had had ano ther long deba on the e reform of the statutes of the military ord of San Fernando. The following is the text of the announcement of the semi-official Correspondancia Autografa relative to the difference with Morocco men tioned by telegraph It is stated on autho rity of despatches from Gibraltar, that our diffe rence with Morocco has been arranged. We, however, persist in believing that the commu nications received at Madrid do not refer to the ultimatum. It is true that the Emperor is disposed to give every kind of satisfaction; that he offers a vast neutral territory, liberal commercial relations, and the chastisement i of the a uthors of the a ttack on Ceuta. The Spanish Government, however, has refused the mediation of any foreign Power, and we know not what resolu tions it will adopt at the expiration of the delay granted to the Emperor, which takes place to-mor row. It is probable, however, that our Consul at Tangiers will, on the expiration of the delay, report w hether or not he has received a satisfactory v com munication ; and that in the event of his not liav ing done so, he will receive orders to leave imme diately with all his attaches." A letter from Ciristiania of the 12th says " The sittings of the Storthing have as yet presented but little interest. Twelve permanent committees have been elected, and among them one for the constitution. The Ministers have presented a num ber of bills, one on bankruptcy, another on com munal schools, and a third on changes to be made in the form of the sentences of the Supreme Court." The Prussian Government has directed the fri gate Gefion to proceed to the coast of Morocco, and to remain there during the expedition of the Spaniards against the Riff. STEPHENSON'S BURIAL..—.A requisition, nume rously signed, has been forwarded to tho Mayor of New castle, which states, "Wo have agreed to close our places of business and offices on Friday ne'at, the 21st inst., at 12 o'clock at noon, and to keep them shut for the remainder of the day, out of respect to the memory of our illustrious townsman, the l a t e R o b ert Stephenson, whoso remains are on that day to b e i n t erred in Westminster Abbey ; and we . request that yo u will invite the inhabitants o f IN'ew.c 3 e generally to hono ur th e memory of the decease d by a similar suspension of business," AUSTRALIA. PLYMOUTH, TUESDAY EVENING. The ship Dover Castle, Captain John Adams, be- longing to Messrs. Green, of London, 89 days from Melbourne to the Start, was off this port to•day, with 83,000 ounces of gold-dust, 100,000 sovereigns, a cargo of copper ore, black sand, wool, and hides, and 140 passengers, among whom are the Baron and Baroness Lutwitz, of Prussia, and Commander Jessie, R.N. The Dover Castle sailed July 20, rounded Cape Horn August "24, and crossed the line September lb. In the South Pacific northerly winds were experienced, and some immense ice bergs were observed. After passing the line, calms prevailed. Spoke, lat. 10 S., the ship Wellesley, outward bound ; 10 N., the ship Yorkshire, which left Melbourne July 30, with some gold and pas sengers ; in the latitude of the Azores, the bark Ben Lomond, of Glasgow, and, three degrees south of the Lizard, the ship Adept, both outward bound. DIPLOIII.I77C CIRCULAR OF THE PRO VISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF PARMA. The following circular has been addressed by Signor Parini, chief of the Provisional Govern ment of Parma, to the representatives of that Government abroad : The National Assembly of the Parmesan provinces has by its unanimous deliberations joined the political move ment of Central Italy. The decision upon the future des tiny of this country had already been submitted in the form of a plebiscite to direct and universal suffrage. The Assem bly has been convoked for the purpose of adding to the re sult of the popular vote the guarantee of a freo and solemn discussion. The elections have passed with the greatest calm and regularity. The Government felt happy at thinking that in the city of Piacenza French soldiers were present at the noble spectacle of an Italian people making use of, that liberty for which they had shed so ranch generous blood. The Assembly, having been elected from all that was most illustrious in the land by birth or talent, and even the most distinguished members of the clergy, proclaimed the depo sition of their Bourbon family and the annexation to the con stitutional kingdom of tho Savoy dynasty. It would be highly unjust to judge of these votes of deposition and all these acts taking place in Italy by deceptive revolutionary analogies derived either from history or from the pro grammes of tho parties and political struggles that may have taken place elsewhere in Europe. As better days have appeared to shine on the national cause, it has been found that to the mind of every Italian the supremely legi- ,imate aim consisted in the reconstruction of his native country. ,We should be mistaken besides were we to evoke as regards Parma those ideas of tradition or of a consecra tion by time which are attached to the historical name of the Bourbons. A dynasty may find its basis in the free choice of a people, or it may derive its moral strength from that historical community which connects the fate of a family with that of a nation, causing them to flourish to gether under the same trials and with the same remem brances. The dynasty of the Bourbons of Parma has fulfilled neither of these two conditions, and the people of the duchy, exposed to continual political changes, have constantly seen their fate decided by ambitions, diplomatic agreements, and general arrangements completely alien both to their will and their interests. By the treaty of the Quadruple Alliance (August 2, 1718), between England, France, the Empire and the States General, the Duchies of Parma, Pia cenza, and Guastalla were declared male fiefs of the Em pire in opposition to the claims put forward by the Holy See; and the Emperor, in the life-time even of the last Farnese duke ; conferred the inheritance and investiture on Don Carlos, the son of Philip V. Don Carlos took posses sion of Palma in 1731, but by the preliminaries of Vienna (1735), confirmed by the treaty of Vienna ( N ov ember 13, 1738), the duchy fell to the share of Austria, who, by the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), transmitted it to the Spanish Infanta, Dan Philip of Bourbon, and' to his male descendants, with a clause of reversibility. Occupied by the French armies in the wars of the Revolution and even tually ceded by Spain to France in 1800, the duchy was formally united to the French Empire under the name of the department of the Taro. We have seen what nume rous vicissitudes have befallen the sovereignty of the Bons 'bons, who have renounced as often as they have affirmed their right over Parma, considering this right of theirs rather as an appendage, or as an indemnity for more im portant combinations. The Powers themselves, who after the disasters of France signed with Napoleon the treaty of Fontainebleau on the 10th of April, 1814, did not hesitate, at that time, to dispose of the duchy in favour of the EMpress Maria Louisa, her son and his heirs. It was only in consequence of the return from the Isle of Elba and from their fear of s son upo n th e th rone , that they article of the fi na l' ac t o f the Congress leaving the y the of Vienna to give the duchies to - the Archduchess Maria Louisa without making mention of her son. By the treaty concluded at Paris on the 10th of June, 18 1 7, the rights of the fourth branch of the house of Bourbon were re-established in the way of reversibility, after being made subject to a suspension during the life of the Empress Maria Louisa. This dynasty in expectation had become more and more a s t ranger to t h e coun try. The remembrance of the French ru l e w i t h i ts s t rong and impartial adminis tration, it prosperous condition, and military glory, and the tolerably liberal and tolerant government of Maria Louisa, had quite effaced the traditions dating from before the revo lution. The prospective view of the future sovereign in creased, it may be said, the regrets caused by the death of Maria Louisa. Is it not, then, natural if this people after so many uncertainties and changes, which have allowed no ancient dynastic faith to take root in their minds, should endeavour to fix their destiny by binding it to a strong and stable kingdom, to a dynasty that has its basis in the tradi tion and love of its subjects, and that is consecrated at the same ttme by ancient and by new right ? The Duke Charles 11. of Bourbon, oven during the life time of Maria Louisa, deeply outraged the most respectable feelings of the inhabitants by signing the treaty of rlorence on the 28th November, 1844, in which, under the pretext of rectifying the frontiers, he promised to cede to the Duke of Modena the duchy of Guastalla, exchanging that fertile country for a few mountainous communes of the Garfag nano_ By so doing the Duke discharged engagements of a personal kind, but thereby alienated a considerable part of his domain before taking possession, whilst causing the state a diminution of annual revenue estimated at 600,000 f., and he thus without any consideration disposed of his future subjects by placing them under the hard sway of the Duke of Modena. An example rather unique than rare, in which we are in Booth permitted to see a singular violation of those austere and generous principles boasted of by the partisans of divine right, and a manifest contradiction to those ideas of legiti mate separate governments and of inviolable sub-nationali ties that are invoked in behalf of the petty Italian princes rejected by the will of the nation I The Duke Charles 11. took possession of the Duchy of 1 Parma on the death of Maria Louisa, in 1847, when the Italian people, with a feeling of their common unity, de manded civil and political reforms, and that regard should be paid to the national principle. Charles 11. began by he t d a e te r n e t clad, e r a e f d t e w r t h h e i n e x t a h m e p d l e e f o e f n t s h i v e e D h u . n k e e o o f f t tl e o d A e u n concluding with Austria the treaty of F e b. 4, 1843, i n Surprised ofstates,thepaaf patriots, b ret y hir. t t hs h e v w t h h a i t c h h i s h . na tionaltvraiiann s- E l y intriguedm pe movement,ror' s o t a hg l i ea a i nn abandonedpt h o e s s confidence abdicated in exile, and his so n was re i ns t ate d b of Austria after the revers es o f th e Italian arn y a. shall troops not speak of the sad excesses of Charles the Third's I shall only cite two f ac t s , w hi c h d o not concern themn rel'it h t his rule. An ordinanc e o f th e D u k e ' s decreed that wheneverau public demonstrations of liberal opinions occurred, the guilty party should be punished with the bastinado, according to the discretion of the military commandants. And this punishment, to which the Italians prefer that of death, was often inflicted in the public square. Another law, dated March 19, 1850, after declaring that several landowners were discharging their peasants because these did not share in the revolutioxary ideas of their masters, ordained that no dismissal could be given them without a previous law .suit before the tribunals ; it con tained threats against the judges, and placePthem under the supervision of the police. In one of these trials, the tribunals having declared in favour of the landowner, the Duke, by a decree of January 21, 3851, ordered the peasant to remain, notwithstanding, upon the lands of the owner. We see what evil passions it was sought to excite in the heart of Italian society.' The crime which put an and to the life of Duko Char:es 111. would deprive us of the right of condemning with just severity the acts of that Prince, if we did not reflect that the perversion of the moral sense which argues for the law fulness of assassination is only one of the numerous mis fortunes for which those governments aro responsible who first set the example of violating the moral law. The Duchess Maria Louisa of Bourbon assumed the reins of Government in the name of her son, and dismissed the greater part of those evil c ounsellors of the throne, who had been the accomplices of her husband. Nevertheless, a short time after that an insurrection broke out in Parma; it was suppressed in blood, with the assistance of Austrian troops, whose occupation had not ceased since 1818. Parma was delivered up to tho horrors of an unbridled soldiery, and the Government declared in an imprudent proclama tion that it might have prevented but bad preferred to suppress. That day was fatal to the dynasty ! The city, placed in a state of siege and fallen into the power of an Austrian general, was steeped in blood by numerous executions. Such was the system of merciless rigour aiopted by the government, which doubtless made it a duty with the Duchess to sacrifice her feelings of clemency, since one recommendation of the condemne d, notwithstandin g th e of the judges themselves, had the capital sentence passed upon him confirmed. Those acts led to bloody reprisals o n the P3'l7 of this people which now gives to Europe so admirable r a t spectacle of order and moderation. The accused were trans ported to the prisons of Mantua ; th e Austrian general il gove rned in the city itself, wher e th e Duchess reignegienr still ; the ducal government found itself suspended by this viola- tion of all the rights of the sovereign and the people. The ehabitants had once again a proof . of how much avail for heir own dignity were these petty political circumscription Lnd these feeble dynasties, powerless against revolt; power- less against the violent acts of the foreigner, and hostile by their hopeless state to the future hopes of the nation. The opinion of Europe is now enlightened respecting the motives and the character of the political movement in Central Italy. This movement explains itself by the most legiti mate of feelings, the national feeling, \vhich is also a prin ciple of order in the breast of society. Now, in this respect hat was the situation of the reigning family at Parrha re latively to its subjects ? Since 1848 the dynasty had never ceased making common causo with Austria, binding itself to her with bonds of yet greater and greater strictness. By the treaty of Feb. 4, 1818, the Duke had concluded a private convention, which, in contempt of the general treaties, esta blished real relations of vassalage towards AUstria, handed over to her on every occasion the territory of the State, and waled. with her an offensive and defensive league of a per- rnanent nature. By an article in that treaty the Duke of Parma, moreover, eneaged to conclude with no other Power any military convention whatever without the previous consent of the Impeaial Government of Vienna. Some have wished to establish a distinction as to what regards the national question, between the policy of the Government of Parma under the Dukes Charles IL and Charles 111. and the policy of the Government of Parma such as it was lately constituted. Such a distinction falls before the evidence of facts. When the Piedmontese Government, with a prudent fore sight fully justified by ulterior events, called the attention of Europe to the condition of the Peninsula, and to the en croachments of Austria, it began by protesting against the fortifications of Piacenza and the treaties of 1848 as act* that evidently modified the condition of things such as Eu rope had wished to create it by the treaties of 1815. • The government of the Duchess Regent had then an op portunity of disengaging its personal responsibility either by public declarations or by communications to the Pied montese Government. It did not do so. Another and a still more favourable opportnnity presented itself when, in. ViCV/ of the eventuality of a war, the question of the special _ _ treaties was brought forward categorically, and the neces sity of their abrogation admitted, it may be said, by all the Cabinets of the European powers, Austria excepted. W° can appreciate now the exceptional situation, yet one free from danger, which the Government of the Duchess might have made for itself at that period. Nes thing, however, took place to contradict its entire acquies cence in that complete and necessary partnership 'in which it found itself engaged with Austria. But that was not enough. The Austrian Government was concentrating its troops on the Piedmonteso frontier with the aggresSive ob ject that received its explanation by the subsequent sending of the ultimatum. The Austrian troops .were collected at Piacenza ; immense stores of war were brought there ; the invasion of Piedmont was preparei within the territory of the duchy, and it was from thence that a part of the imperial troops set forth to invade the Sardinian states. The GO' vernment of the Duchess took part in all this, without any communication on its part, such as international duties would otherwise seem to have required, and no explanation of its intentions or cmduct reached the Government of his Majesty the King of Sardinia. It was only when the for tune of arms turned against Austria, and the protection Of the Austrian arms was about to fail her, that the Duchess decided on proclaiming her neutrality. The Piedmontese Cabiaet considered this offer to have come very late, for it could not be admitted that a Govern ment should be allowed to declare itself and cause itself to be respected as a neutral whenever fortune might declare itself adverse to its ally, and it might think it expedient to abandon that ally. A strange neutrality in fact I For if one relies upon preventive engagements that create Clra' Lively to Austria duties of common action and defence, evidently incompatible with the laws of neutrality, one must then submit to the consequences of those engage ments in the same way that one has accepted their advert" taxes. If, on the contrary, it be argued that such was the special situation into which the Government of Parma wa s thrown by general stipulations concerning the fortress of Piacenza, it is easy to reply by citing the terms of those stipulations, which establish " that the fortress of PiacenSi, offering a more especial interest for the defensive system 01 Italy, his Imperial, Royal, and Apostolic Majesty will pee serve in that city the right of garrison, pure and simple, il l the regal and civic rights over that city being reserved O f the sovereign of Parma." There is a difference, however, between this right of keep' t ins a garrison, pure and simple, and the creation of a vast intrenched camp beyond the predhets of Piacenza, betwee n the purely defensive object of those stipulations and tary aggression prepared in the territory of the duchy, or effected by means of the Parmesan frontier. For the rest the published documents permit us to appreciate at th e ' true value this pretended neutrality, since a letter of th e 26th of May last proves to us that the Minister of Pall 3oe residing at Vienna regretted th a t he could not obtain th e succour of imperial troops, and complained of Austria ° limiting herself to assure him of her support after the v ie. I tory which she confidently expected to obtain. This Ilea' trality, however, which would have sufficed in so far as re' garde the international relations with the Piedmontese 611/.. verninent, and which constituted the last concession of t he Duchess Regent to the feelings of her subjects, could it sati 4 9 the legitimate wishes and the supreme interests of the pouPl e Were the inhabitants able to declare themselves neutral uP e 'i searing of the contest that decided the fat& of the country ° large, whilst the French flag joined with the Italian flag s c h e : - being triumphantly borne across their territory, and , Emperor Napoleon 111. was inviting the Italians all to ov soldiers that they might become the citizens of a great O . tion Had they not clearly manifested their intentions 1 / 1 1 , sending Thousands of volunteers to the war of independen ce The Government of the Duchess Regent, by pr o claiodif under the pressure of events a neutrality it had not observ eu : declared that this attitude had become necessary to it threig" contrary duties which were equally sacred in its eyes. TN is precisely what the people of Parma cannot a d m it, and is perfectly justified in law when it demands Italian prili c e l e-f in whose eyes the interests of the foreigner are not so sic as those of their own country. By its traditions, its natl.' — and constant tendenci es , it s wea k ness also, the reigning fa e ' mily of Parma failed i n it s d ut i es as a neutra l sov ereirs" towards Piedmont, and in the duties of an Italian Prince towards his subjects. Th e pr i nc i ple an d c h arac t er of 0 "" es political movement are sufficiently well known at the P re ' sent time to establish the fact, that any dynasty which h e fig e shown it self hostile to the national emancipationhas estran°,i. o from itself a ll h earts, and is a rotten tree in the Ita li a n sel The Duchess, b roug ht b ack to her States, wou ld have rely on th a t na ti onal opinion, by which the family o f her se t o is unanimously rejected. An irreparable and mutual diatt l : would ender any so lid an d d ura bl e esta bli s h men t qu ite i 0 1 1 3 e sible. The G overnment, h ost i le to P i e d mont b y it s traditie l ' e ," ; fearing the nation a l p ar t y on accoun t o f th e sen ti m ents of t - a latter, would only seek more and more every day aid anal protection from that Austrian influence which doubtless Nv attempt from Veneti a t o recover it s l os t groun d as much e ei e can. The opi n i on o f th e coun t ry f or it s p ar t, a n opitl l ' e o e common to all classes and strengthened by the interest s of all, will not renounce the . idea of Italian unity, its hope he annexation to the kingdom of the house of Savoy. question of the deposition of the Bourbons, and that of s a g nexation to Piedmont, are intimately blended in the 1 : 1 ? ill t of the Parmesan people. The p os iti on w hi c h A us tria mark tains in Italy counsels them by the necessity of defence concur in the creation o f a s t rong It a li an State, and yr: serve themselves by the int r oduction of the new right cue, rived from the national wish against all those rights a r .. 0 versibility and military servitude established by treaties which, if they were not abrogated, would. lead us 10 , 1 ' 4 after into as many and as dangeaous complications as tiL;), have done heretofore. This union , rendered necessary a the Italian idea, is required besides by all the moral e . ft .„ material interests of the Parmesan provinces. Their habitants know from long and hard experience the dirt, vantage of belonging to one of those petty po litical agg r- e gations powerless for good, and yet so fruitful in evils an dangers of every kind. That period of Italian eivilisa tio," , which was accomplished by the ri se an d p rogr ess of ra till t e l eipal life, was finished ages ago. Italian society is n° e if, modified by the effect of time, and seeks, too for late her . to return into the way o f t h ose great nat i ona l agP ti e merations by means of which other peoples have fount, prosperity and h a p p i ness, an d h ave b een a bl e to cs eite strip us in c i v ili sat i on and power. E xper i e nce u o proved that with ou t th ose aggregra ti ons there c neither be those great institutions nor thit large O r e lopme n t o f act i on, which const i tute the very c see e ll e c ts of the m o d ern lif e o f na ti ons . F or th e Parl ile e - to provinces the annexation is not only a satisfaction gi ve — t ee the national feeling, it concerns and affects also ill for highest degree th e ma terial prosperity of the countryl s- 41te t the union o f L om b ar dy w ith th e S a rdinian kingdom/ % e el which was a political necessity becomes also an econonll,, necessity. In 1848 the union with Piedmont was veto:ll:tit 37,250 voters. The fortune of armies broke in piece ° ; t o solemn compact, but misfortune sealed the concord of id a , and sentiments. Eleven years later, the union with PI h e mont submitted, to popular suffrage, was proclaimed " 63,167 voters. s fe The vote of deposition, the vote of annexation, which t mixed up together in the popular conception, canin the separated in the p o litical realisation. Since the right ol national will has been admitted in favour of Italy, hcc‘ v fe ee one of these votes be less legitimate than the other?, the consent of the people cannot be asked solely for t ee resolutions, and the administration that is to secure e el tranquillity and prosperity of the country has special I I of this basis. You will point out, sir, all that such a solution offer of the way of guarantees for the future, both from the of views of Italy's military defence, and for the condi tion, moral and material order in the Parmesan provinces. go It satisfies at the same time the sympathies and iut ! re of cf the count r y ; it pacifies men's minds by the realisafteo their unanimous wish, and achieves a great pros rc es oor wards that work of national reconstruction whiebt of having been initiated by the most generous and gle rieto es Of wars; is being followed up by the wisdom and ene r g i the people, and by the sympathies of liberal CO Europe. i t• Accept, sir, the assurance of my most distinguisnc sideration. FARII4I' The Hon. P. Campbell Searlett, C.B. (her Ir o o jesty's Envoy in Tuscany), accompanied by his faini!Y) arrived at the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyr.•3treet.