The Sun. — London, England, 1858-12-02 00:00:00

__ __., -sr-~~ ;w=" THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 2, 1858 BRITISH COL UMBIA. (Continued from the Times of Nov. 30.) VICTORIA, VANCOUVER'S ISLAND, SEPT. 2. The Fraser River runs between two chains of mountains, known as the Fraser River range, for a distance of some 200 miles. These mountains ter minate within some 20 miles of Langley. Towards their extremities they sink to something like 200 feet in height, but as the river is ascended they rise in elevation till some of them attain an altitude of 3,000 feet. We are now bringing the higher por tions in sight as the morning rmist clears off. ' To describe the effect as we run up in a winding course through these mountain gorges would re quire powers of the highest order. It would be a fitting task for your friend Mr. Russell. I shall not make the attempt, but shall content myself with a few plain jottings as I pass. _ . The mountains are clothed to their summits with pines, como siempre, as a Spaniard on board remarked as he threw himself on his back to look at them. Fine patches of park scenery on the banks are inter.: spersed with umbrageous trees, huge things with broad green leaves, contrasting with tall slender aspens, growing in a rank grass as tall as ordinary shrubs. We pass a gigantic pile of drift wood thrown up on a bank laid bare by the fallinr , of the river. There was not an inch of bark do the whole pile. The trees were all bare and bleached white, and looked like a collection of old dried bones. The pile would supply London with firewood for some time. Some of the trees were enormous, going to show the strength of the current when the river is full, and the inroads it makes yearly upon the alluvial banks. We pass a valley studded with detached hills. It looks like a dried up lake which once had islands; double rows of poplars of the kind called by the Americans Cotton wood, from the seed pods con taining cotton. These rows have all the straightness and regularity of artificial training and clipping, and bear a close resemblance to an avenue which shades a walk at Lord Hopetoun's place near Edin burgh. This regularity of growth is frequently seen in this wilderness of forest. Another remarkable sight is the suddenness with whigh the character of the timber changes. Here you have poplars, by the side of them firs, then cedars, then alders, very large, and many other sorts of trees in quick sue cession. Perhaps the soil varies, but then in other places seven and eight different kinds of trees grow together. The current gets stronger, reducing the boat's speed to 5 knots, and to get this rate out of her the steam is at high pressure. The heat is intolerable from the fires. It is one continued vapour bath for us, and we are smothered and nearly set on fire by the sparks from the funnel. My hat is burnt with round spots like a face marked with the smallpox. On shore the temperature must be delightful. We envy the gentle quivering of the leaves from the low wind just sufficient to set them in motion. Another mountain of bleached driftwood. A fleet of rowboats with 50 miners going up. An inter change of " chaff" between them and our passengers. Pass innumerable Indian encampments on the banks. This is the fishing season. The river swarms with salmon and sturgeon. The plains of Smess terminate in a sharp wedge like point which intrudes itself into the river, shutting off our view upwards. Some of the moun tains begin to show scarps running down their sides, bare of trees for a wonder. Peaks of 3,000 feet, having great patches of snow in deep ridges near their tops. As we turn the angle of one of these we almost run upon an Indian village, built upon a low sand spit which runs into the river. The whole scene is in perfect keeping. The rude ness of the habitations, the squalor of the naked Indians—young, old, and middle-aged—the hungry dogs, and a few other concomitants make a fine picture from nature. A few crooked sticks, a few ragged mats, and a few sprawling branches, of which the dried foliage (when fresh it gave a little shade) is now crumbling in the sun, compose the " dwellings ;" in comparison with which an eagle's nest would be a comfortable abode. Very pictu 7 , resque, but very desolate ! The river gets more rapid, the mountains come down cloSer to the water, and the scenery gets bolder and grander all the way up to Fort Hope, 65 miles from Langley. I should have mentioned that the double range of mountains through the defiles of which the Fraser River runs are supposed to be the lower spurs of the Great Cascade Range which intersects the country from north to south, and which lie far to the westward of Fraser River. The spurs, or, as we call them now, the Fraser River Mountains, have a general direction of north and, south trenching eastwardly. Their direction of north and south makes it very difficult to traverse them in journey ing from the Pacific to the Atlantic, which is a course of west to east, for these mountains cannot be crossed owing to their steepness and ruggedness. Many of them are perpendicular walls. This is the great difficulty of making a road from this country to the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. The Hudson's Bay Company opened their communica tions by following the courses of the rivers which break through the chain ; but this route involves rowing, walking, and riding, is very . tedious and very expensive, demanding the maintenance of water craft, the repair of roads, and causing the loss of horses. From what I have seen I shall cer tainly not take shares in the railroad, which I hear talked of from Lake Superior to the shores of the Pacific. I never detained you so long from the principal subject of this letter—namely, an account of the gold mines, by my having been seduced by the beauty of he river which leads to them, that I must now hasten to visit the diggers. I will merely add the following memorandum on the character of the rocks of Fraser River, obligingly given to me by Mr. Bauerman, the geologist, whose name I mentioned at the commencement " Metamorphic slaty rocks, principally gneiss and mica slate, with intrusive granite and syenite dykes. As a rule mica is rather scarce. The fel spar is common potash felspar, usually tolerably compact and not much weathered." Opinions and counter opinions have been ad vanced on this coast, from California to Vancouver, upon the subjzets of the richness and poverty of the Fraser River gold mines, until the subject has be come a sore one with newspaper editors and with private combatants. Since the time when Columbus illustrated his argument by standing the egg on one end there has not been so much incredulity displayed in the world—in the world of the west and north-west coast of the Pacific at any rate ; and I doubt not the question has travelled to Europe, and that this communication will find the Old World puzzled and scratching its head. Ido not intend to enter the lists in this tournament. I will, instead, copy my jottings as I took them down from the miners them selves, and entered them in their presence, standing by them at their work. All the mining locations on the river are called " bars" by the miners. This is a misnomer. The mining is carried on on sandy and gravelly spits, left dry by the falling of the river. These spits run parallel with the stream, and sometimes rlin into it, but never entirely across_the river, which is too deep ever to get dry- ►SEPT. 9. Visited Murderer's Bar, three to four miles below Fort Hope. Most of the miners Cornish men, from California. This bar is a mile long; width unequal. Gets wider as the river falls. Twenty log cabins erected. This looks well. Log cabins put. up only in rich diggings. 125 miners. Gave their average earnings at one ounce a-day to the couple of hands. An ounce of gold is worth at the Bank of England £3 17s. 9d., or some such fraction. _Here the miners get 16 dols. an ounce for their gold. On the upper edge of the bar (I shall call the dig gings all " bars," to prevent confusion) five miners were making no more than 3, 31, and 5 dols. a-day each, an d one man comp l a i ne d t h at h e ma d e on l y "si t bit s " (equal to 3s. sterling). The only mode of wash inghere is with the rocker, an inefficient, laborio us , and s l obweigmpvleery me fi n n t e . , a A n d g rtehaet process the gold i s l ost , washing too ru d e_ to 0 retain it. All the gold is sub jected to quicksilver to amalgamate it. It cannot be separated without— no t being sufficiently coarse to "clean." The space al l ot ted to each miner is 25 feet in width, running from s he the highwater mark a down into the river as far chooses a to go. The rr miners are all satisfied with thi s pier e e ment, and all are quite ready to pay a license t a o n whieh the gracious Majesty of £ 1 a - month. At this bar, Go vernment christened "Cornish Bar," in lie u of itsfi r t ominous name, thO m iners m erely washed surf a c e s soil to a depth in most p laces of 6 or 7 inches. In a few spots, where the earth has been penetrated to a depth of 2,3, and 7 feet, gold is found as abundant as in the surface dirt. The river falls 30 feet in the season ; its lowest stage is in late autumn and early winter, when the early frosts congeal the snow on the mountains. When this bar and the peninsula which adjoins it come to be properly worked with " sluices,' for which there is water accessible close by, enormous yields will be produced. This is the opinion of the miners. The stratum in which the gold is found is called the " pay streak." I observed this stratum running into the shore at a depth under the sand bank of two feet, and asked if they had " prospected" this " pay streak." Yes, they found it auriferous some yards • inland. It is just as likely to be auriferous for miles. The millers all intend to winter on this bar in their log cabins. Provisions are cheap and abundant. They can buy plenty of salmon and potatoes from the Indians. The cost of living is 1 dol. a day to each man. My memorandums of my visits to the other bars are short. The above is a little explanatory. MONDAY, SEPT. 12. Left Fort Hope, with the Governor and his party, military and civil, on our way up the river, intending to visit the different mining bars on the route. 'Took large bateaux, which answered our purpose admirably. The first bar above Fort Hope, three miles, Mos quito Bar, a name it does not deserve. If there are mosquitoes on the river, they are very well-bred, for they never intruded their company on us. This bar poor • 1, 11, and 4 dols. a day to each miner ; 25 men ; growled horribly. Two of their number made 40 dols. a piece per week at first, but these days are gone. Very doleful lot this. There are hills inland a little way, upon which the miners " prospected" at a height of 100 feet, and found gold—the " colour," as they call the evidence of a successful trial. We found gold in the " tailings," or rejected dirt, which these miners had thrown away. Their loss is con siderable. Next bar is called, or rather was called, "54 deg. 43." You know the allusion to the Yan kee's claim to this line before we were weak enough to give him up Oregon and Washington territory. The impudent assumption of this name was too much for Major Hawkins. We make a joke of it, but the patriotism of the party was ardent enough to pull the placard down and throw it in the river. This bar only just opened. Lots of miners, but could give no returns. Met one of my old tenants from San Francisco here. He couldn't tell what he was doing. Very likely not. I never could tell what he did in San Francisco ; " gammoned the flats," I suspect. Union Bar extends about half a mile on the same spit as the last two. 150 miners, 2to 3 dol. a-day to the man. They told us our friends on Mosquito Bar had humbugged us, that they were making 5 to 6 dol. a day to the man. They built a stockade of palisades flanked with bastions, for "protection," they said. The protection turned out to be protection from the expected cold winds of winter. They named the stockade " Fort Union." Their neighbours, who were content with log huts, irreverently called it a " corral," which means a cattle pen. It will accom modate 100 men, and the miners erected it in their spare time, while waiting for the fall of the river to expose their bar. Sergeant Anderson, of the Engineers, a Crimeen hero, was vastly amused at the " Fort." All theminers intended to winter here —a sure sign that they were doing well. The Go vernor is engaged endeavouring to trace the mur ders committed on the river. The information re ceived goes to implicate white men. Indians com plain that the whites abuse them sadly, take their squaws away, shoot their children, and take their salmon by force. Some of the whites are sad dogs. Canada Bar.—Abandoned this morning for better diggings higher up. A vast deal of work had been done here, as testified by the state of the ground. Three or four miners, just arrived are going to try their luck. Two more are squatted 'on the ground in a happy state of idleness, "thinking what next to do." All this is on the right bank. On the oppo site bank a few huts and teats pitched and several miners at work, whom we did not visit. The cur rent fierce, rollingdown in angryridges of troubled water and foam. Width of river here here 300 yards, about 41 miles beyond Fort Hope. We proceed up, struggling' against the current, the speed of which our boatmen guessed at 6 miles an hour. Passed two camps of 25 miners on left bank ; " Doing pretty well ' was the answer to our hail. Santa Clara Bar.-250 miners. Building huts for winter. Several straggling miners at the lower end of the bar acknowledged to 6 dol. each on an average. Told us that higher up a man's daily earnings, were 35 dol. The rich places are always either " down" or " up," never where you are at the moment. Got into the thick of the miners and questioned them individually. Ist gang, 6 dol. a-day to the man. 2d gang, 8 dol. 3d gang, only 19 yards off, 3 dol. 4th gang, 5 dol., but last week made 53 dol. to the hand for the week. sth gang ; here's their answer verbatim, " Last Friday we took out 36 dol. to the couple of hands," one " filling" and the other man " rocking." " Saturday, 20 dol. to the couple of hands. We are now cleaning up,' and it looks as good." 6th gang, digging out the " pay streak," 8 feet below a sandbank, well back from the water; averaged their earnings for the last three weeks at 5 dol. a-day to each man ; three compose this gang. Their gold very fine, and losing a good deal of it. 7th gang, also Bto 9 feet down, " reckoning the time lost in excavating the bank, " returned their earnings al 3 dols. a-day to the man. The return is always per day per man when I don't state it otherwise. Bth gang, if one man can be called a gang, which I suppose he can not be, out of Ireland ;" " first day I have worked here ; haven't cleaned up yet." Paid 75 dol. to another miner for his claim. 9th gang, 4 dol. ; " except to do better, claim getting richer. Gold so fine, lose half of it." They certainly lost a great deal, for we could trace gold, visible to the naked eye, in the " tailings." 10th gang, 16 dol. a-day— sometimes more, sometimes less-16 dol. the ave rage. Last Saturday two men made 11 dol. each. One of the miners " cleaned up," in our presence, 10 dol. worth of amalgam for his half-day's work. The work is not heavy ; any ordinary man can do it. The time at work is generally ten hours. Every man works much or little, according to the dictates of his own sweet will. This independence is one of the chief charms of a miner's life. Inde pendence and hope make up the sum of his happi ness. The cost of living is 1 dol. a-day. To wash 250 buckets of " dirt ' is a short day's work. The bucket is a common wooden water pail, rather small in size. Went up to two men at a place by themselves " cleaning out " their day's work. They " guessed" their amalgam worth 21 to 22 dols. From this place 16 men gone home. Left the other day. " Made anything ?" " Guess so." A great many go back to California on making a little money. They have ties there no doubt. Gang No. 11.—" Sometimes one, sometimes the other. ' The spokesman of this jolly gang was jocose. I took the change out of him in his own coin. " What do you call one ? " " Four dollars," he replied. " What do you call the other ?' " " Half an ounce." They are droll fellows, some of those miners. I have travelled so much in the mines of California, that I know them as my friend below said the Governor knew the Americans, " like a small library." Gang 13.—" Fair wages." " What do you call fair wages ? " " Eight dollars a-day to the hand last week." Theirs were easy diggings, a low bank, and the surface-gravel on the shore. Santa Clara Bar dovetails here with another " location " not named. 14th Gang, of seven men, working to gether ; they made 6 dols. a-day last week. To-day they " reckon", on 8 dol, or " perhaps 60 dol. for the lot." 15th gang—" Diggings spotted." Asked me to " guess" their earnings. Guessed 8 dol. to 9 dol. a day. "Yes, you've about hit it." 16th gang, of two men,--" Like the country first rate." They were digging only 7 or 8 inches under the furface ; in fact, the top shingle. Averaged an ounce a man for five weeks, " Last week made 550 dol. 70c. exactly," having had eight extra men employed. The expenses for the week were 175 dol. Read off those figures from a book. Wages 3 dol. a day and board, 4 dol. when the man boards himself. Charge for board is 1 dol. a day. And this ends Santa Clara Bar, and its nameless adjunct. The Deputy Gold Commissioner says the miners have all un derstated their earnings. Very likely. Seeing me in company with the Governor and a suite, al though I generally spoke to them out of hearing, they thought I was after no good. They smelt taxation in the air, I dare say. The Commissioner gives the average earnings on this bar, which is a rich one, at 17 dol. a day to the man. He had known 25 dol. a day to be made, and he has been told of of 75 dol. and 100 dol. a day to the rocker having been made last week. I wish they would all make 100 dol. each, poor fellows. Their civility should enlist my good wishes. American Bar—A gang of two men made 2 oz. a day to the rocker last week. To day they had another man, and made 100 dol. I saw the gold. One of them, an old Californian miner, expects, when he digs down to the " bed rock," that " a foot of it will be worth an acre of this suface stuff." believes in richness of the country—equal to any yet discovered. Finds " gold everywhere, more or less, and on the river pretty re 'ular ." e , A lot of Chinese at work here on hire. Wages, 3 dols. a day, and find themselves in tools and food. The next gang made 10 dols. a-day each, some times more. The third and last gang that I'll torture to-night, consisting Of two masons who abandoned the trowel and plummet for the shovel and rocker, are making 20 dol. a-day each. " For two months we made only grub.'! They are now in clover, and I sincerely wish they may reap a good crop. A crowd of miners encamped for the night on their way up. They are winging their way" up" in flocks. They have very vague ideas of their des tination. With them it is all " up." They will go " up" as far as they can paddle, or until they smash their canoes in their awkwardness in the rapids of the gorges above Fort Yale. Then it will be all " down" with some of them, poor fellows. Some of them will never get " up" until they learn to ma nag:3 their canoes better. A lovely little dell p ours a meandering stream of limpid wate r i n t o the river throug h the middle of American B ar . Th e scene is pu rely English—so sylvan, so serene ; lofty umbrageous trees, bearing a rich dark foliage, growing on gentle sloping banks covered with grass, lilies, and wild berries—the " saki" of the Indians. In the uncertain twilight the resemblance to familiar spots at home is almost s t a rtling. But while I'm dreaming on the bank the bateaux are gone, Here comes one labourina. vamping place. What [splendid il a e oa Cither two have gon e on with rapdie s al o o mi ng en , lutcokisleyle.ct boatmen these half-breeds and Indians are. They take this great heavy bateau across a wide expanse of fierce rapids and boiling whirlpools and curling eddies that is quite awful to look at with unerring skill. And I'm very glad they do it with as much rapidity as skill, for I am ready for my bed of cedar branches. Digging may be hard work, but I'm certain that pumping diggers all day on foot is equally fatiguing. SEPT. 13. Slept last night on a sandbank. If the Emperor of the French slept as soundly as I did, he is a hap pier man than his subjects on Frazer's river believe him to be. Awoke at dawn by the harsh grating sound of the miners' rockers. As the Governor de termined to pay an early visit to some of the mining localities which we left behind us last night we slipped away fromthe camp (leaving the sodgers and the other " men of the sword" asleep) with the gold commissioner, and shot down the river for two miles in an Indian canoe to Puget Sound Bar, which is one mile and ihree quarters long ; about 350 men. The first gang I sought in formation of consisted of three men. Yesterday they " cleaned out" loz. a-piece. Unless their diggings continue to yield an ounce of gold to the man per day they will go " up." The 2d gang, 4 dols. to 10 dols a-day ; 3d gang, 4 dols., 5 dols., and 6 dols. a-man ; 4th gang, an Irishman, the sole represen tative at present, worked yesterday by himself, " rocking and filling ; weighed the day's earnings in our presence, 17 dols. in gold. He had an accu mulation of Boz., worth 128 dols. The sth gang of 11 men, a Frenchman the spokesman, 6 dols. a man; all French. They complain that their American neighbours " speculate" in mining claims to the prejudice of the mining body. This is one of the budget of grievances preparing for the Governor's broad shoulders. sth gang working in a clay bed mixed with stones--the first claydiggings I have seen —result, 10c. to the bucket, value about 20 dols. a day to the " rocker" for two men. 6th.—As many men as served seven rockers reported themselves " satisfied." ' 7th to 15th gangs—Lowest and highest amounts of the returns of all, 4 dols. and 1 oz. a day. Next gang employ Chinamen on hire, each 2 oz. a day and 4 oz. to the rocker. The following were their own remarks on their earnings and prospects: —" The 2 oz. a day we think nothing. The 4 oz. strikes' we oftener than not make in a day ; but we worked along for weeks at 1 d01..a day to the hand before we struck rich dig&ings." In the gang following the last, I was recognised by a Mr. Robt. Lansden, an old California miner, an intelligent and reliable man. He makes half an ounce a day. He makes the average on the bar, good and bad toge ther, at 7 dols. a day to the man. In no part of Cali fornia can gold be earned with so little labour as here, where it is found in the very surface dirt. Intends to winter here. 18th gang—A company of four, at work on the margin of the river, 10 dols. a man. One of this company gave me the average yield of the bar at 8 dols. a man per day. 19th gang—Two men made 14 dols. for the two yesterday. From the " washing" of 300 buckets a-dayithey make 20 dols. generally. 20th gang. Very rich claim, 25 dols. to the hand. Putting up water-wheels to lift the water from the river for " sluicing." There are some very quiet, intelligent, orderly men, chiefly Americans, on this bar. They are putting up winter quarters and preparing a place for the per formance of public worship. Here the shore of the river is strewn with scattered quartz fragments. There are probably quartz ledges in the mountains in shore. Adjoining is Victoria Bar, loyally named by a Scotchman in honour of his Queen. Poor John Scott has not been rewarded as his loyalty merited. He is evidently not in favour with the fickle goddess, for he makes only 2 dols., whil e hi s neighbour makes 20 dols. a day. This inequality of fortune is very frequent. 3d and 4th gangs—" Good wages, and a little more ;" " over an ounce a-day to the rocker." The rocker takes two men, one to fill and fetch, and one to rock ; sometimes more, one or two to pick and shovel, one to carry, &c. sth gang.-3 dols., 5 dols., 7 dols. ' and 8 dols. a man. 6th.—Matthew Lynch alone. His highest day's earnings were 2-1. ounces. He can "wash out" 250 buckets a-day. He values the bucket at 6c., which would make 15 dols. a-day. 7th to 10th.—Three gangs of several miners at work in the middle of the bar, on a point of the spit which juts well out into the river. All on this point make six ounces of " amalpam" a-man per day, which they value after retorting as worth three ounces of gold. This is 48 dols. a man a-day. Enormous earnings—over £9 sterling a-day fOr one man's work. This is their own report, however. 11th gang.—Lowest earn ings two dols. highest seven dols. a-day ; another instance of the inequality of the division of the good of this life. Met a man here who reminded the sub-gold commissioner of the luck of a miner on. the American Bar below-158 dols. in 2 days. The commissioner corroborated the fact. He weighed the gold in a case of dispute submitted to him. Miners agree that this bar is improving. They are nearly all British, from California. Great boulders cover the upper portion of the bar gold found round their bases, and at a dtpth of 20 feet on the shore. Observed that the British miner does not wear a revolver at his work, while the American always does. All intend to winter here, except John Scott, the discoverer, who " did'na ken." I wish I. could improve his position, but beyond a modicum of cheap sympathy I had nothing in my power. All this talking and joking and walking in the fresh morning air prepare the " inner man" for other exercise, so we must fight our way back against the current and cross the river to our quar ters. When we get back we find the officers as spruce as officers should be, and that the camp had already , breakfasted, the ten ts been struck and packed, and all ready for a start. We didn't detain the party long. A hasty breakfast al fresco, under a wide-spreading alder, and we jump in, to be rowed, poled, and towed against this terrible current for a few miles to the next " bar" we are to stop at. As we proceeded up we passed a long line of miners at work on the left bank, considered far inferior to the right bank, which latter was the scene of all my investigations. The water sets and the eddies curl and work towards the right bank for some 12 miles from Fort Hope upwarps, which the men wise in riverain mining assert to have drawn the greater quantity of gold to this bank. We occasionally hailed the miners on the left, the unlucky, bank. They were a forlorn lot. Their responses were lugubrious, beginning with " nothing," " poor," " 3 dols. a-day,' " grub diggings," which th e ini tiated interpret to mean just enough to pay for food ; " a few bits," " alcent to the pan," " enough to swear by," " 1 dol. " " 2 d 015.," and the like: We passed a good deal of ground yet unbroken on the right, the lucky, side of the river, which will no doubt be found as rich as any yet worked. My object in going into this tedious detail is to lay the present state of the gold question fairly before the world. I have no other means of doing so than by applying to the miners themselves for information. You have here their answers so far. and every reader must judge of their value for him self. lam certain that some of these answers are correct, and I believe that others of them under state the miners' earnings. Many miners are disap pointed, and are leaving the country " in dis gust," as they say. The steamer from San Francisco is expected to arrive here every hour, and as she will not remain here over an hour or two I must close this letter, and defer the completion of my account of the mines and the miners till the next mail. In my next letter I will have some things to say upon the agricultural prospects of this new colony, and upon matters generally affecting it. The immigration from California having ceased, - few steamers come here now ; and this letter will not leave San Francisco till the 20th inst. The great bulk of the Californian miners have left this country, but many remain for the winter, —probably 4,000 to 5,000 miners. It is possible another opportunity maysoon occur by which I can send another letter to San Fran cisco, to be in time to go forward with this one on the 20th from that place. The mail steamer just in, Oct. 11, brings the news of a peace having been concluded between the Americans and the Indians of Oregon, with whom they had been fighting some months, This is very important for this colony, for the Indians of Fraser River, and the Conteau country were getting very unsettled in consequence of the war; and the old settlers, who understand the: _r character and kdow the bad effects of a neighbouring Indian war, are much gratified at hearing of the peace. The Ame rican forces intercepted . the horses of the Indians and shot a great herd of them—some accounts say 500, others 1200, which so crippled the resources of the savages that theycould no longer resist. About 400 Indians were slain, and all the chiefs of note are said to have- been shot. This information I had from an American officer now here on his way back, with Gen. Clark, the commander of the forces and his staff, &c.,- to San Francisco. H.M. steamer Satellite, Capt. Prevost, and the Plumper, surveying vessels, Capt. Richards, are both in Esquimault harbour, near Victoria. The Plumper came in only a few days ago from a sur veying expedition on the east and north-east end of Vancouver s Island, and she in all probability goes to San Francisco to be docked. From letters just received we learn that Admiral Baynes may soon be expected here. Perfect quiet and order prevail throughout this colony and British Columbia. But still we shall be most happy to receive the contingent of troops which we learn Government has been so considerate as to have despatched. "Prevention is better than cure." With the advent of a fresh stream of immi gration in spring theii presence may be desirable. Barracks are being erected at Esquimalt, the present station of the corps of engineers engaged on the boundary cOmapeion, which I have no doubt will be ready for .the reception of any troops now on the way by the time they get here. A silver mine has been discovered within the last few days, on Fraser's River, about nine miles below Fort Langley. When the samples from it shall have been analysed, I shall state the value of the ore. Miners continue to return to California. About 500 left within the last few days, and about 300 go down by the mail steamer which leaves to-morrow morning. They seem to dread the severity of the coming winter—a dread which the old settlers here laugh at. We are much indebted to the Pacific Mail Com pany, of San Francisco, for sending us steamers, for if they did not we should not have had mail communication regularly in the absence of British shipping. As it is, we are promised a steamer for every mail that enters and leaves San Francisco. CENTRAL RAILWAYS INTHE METRO POLIS. Yesterday a public meeting, convened by the Lord Mayor, in pursuance of a requisition signed by more than 300 representatives of the most influ ential wholesale houses in all classes of trade in the City . of London, was held at the London Tavern, to receive a statement from Mr. Charles Pearson, the City Solicitor, as to his recent proceedings to obtain improved railway accommodation for the city, and to consider the propriety of appointing a committee .to inquire and report whether any, and, if any, what measure can be adopted to diminish the over crowding of our principal thoroughfares, and to obtain for the working classes better habitations than they are now able to procure in the close and over-crowded courts and alleys of the city and suburbs. The area and gallery of the large room of the tavern were crowded, and the platform was occupied by many gentlemen who are connected with the most important commercial establishments in the city. The Lord Mayor took the chair at 2 o'clock, and among the gentlemen present were— Sir Jame Duke, M.P., Baron L. Rothschild, M.P., Mr. Crawford, M.P., Mr. C. Gilpin, M.P., Messrs. H. L. Keeling, J. M. Barnard, W. Saunders, S. Baker, Hon. F. Ponsonby, Earl Shelburn, Deputy Rathbone, Messrs. T. Pewtress, W. Lee, R. Wit hall, E. Fuller, the High Bailiff of Southwark, Messrs. John Fowler, George Brown, W Lawrence, H. W. Valiance, Deputy Dakin, T. Dillon, Alder man Rose, W. J. Hall; Henry Bateman, Alderman and Sheriff Hale, W. A. Wilkinson, Thomas Hart ridge, W. Lawley, Dr. Challice, Messrs. L. Simp son, Hodgson, S. Copestake, S. Bowring, John Howell, Joseph Underwood, J. M. Coy, Sir A. Rothschild, Bart., Mr. Starling, Dr. Letheby, Messrs. T. H. Fry, James Anderton, E. Lane, Thomas Gooch, Deputy Harrison, Joseph Thomp son, the Chamberlain, Mr. S. Morley, the Common Sergeant, Alderman Gabriel, Deputy Obbard, Alderman Mechi, Rev. Mr. Wrench, Sheriff Conder, Deputy Stevens, Messrs. G. B. Bengough, Charles Wkite, James Burcham, Boxam, W. Connell, Moxon, J. S. Miller,_ Perkins, G. Ross, and 0. Walters. Lord J. Russell, M.P., arrivec soon after the commencement of Mr. Pearson's statement and was received with loud cheering. The notice convening the meeting having been read by Mr. Ledger, The LORD MAYOR said the two objects to which the requisition referred were of so much import ance to all who resided in the city of London, or who carried on business within its precincts, that he anticipated very beneficial results from the pre sent meeting. Ft; was well known to every trader and shopkeeper within the city that its streets were enormously overcrowded, and that conse quently the business and passenger traffic were greatly impeded, (Hear, hear.) The transfer of goods from one part of the metropolis to the other could not be effected without great difficulty, and travellers who arrived and who wished to leave the city by railway were frequently subjected to serious , delay in their passage along the streets. The se cond subject referred to in the requisition was of a philanthropic character, and he deemed it of the utmost importance that better dwellings should be erected beyond the precincts of the city for the poor, to which they might have facilities of access. It was well known that the demolition of houses within the city, consequent upon the remodelling of the streets, had driven great masses of the la bouring population to its outskirts, and, as it was impossible for them to live far from the scene of their daily labour, they were crowded in dwellings which were unfit for human habitations. Indeed, not unfrequently, 50 or 60 persons might be found residing in a small six-roomed house in the out skirts of the city. Such a state of things was incompatible with morality, decency, and cleanli ness, and he thought the present movement would promote the welfare of the working-classes, as well as the convenience of the commercial and trading community. The City Solicitor (Mr. • C. PEARSON), who was loudly sheered, said he proposed to make a few observations upon the four resolutions which would be submitted to the meeting. The first of those propositions referred to the over crowding of the streets ; the second related to the overcrowding of the courts and alleys of the city, and the consequent detriment to the lives, health, and morals of the poorer classes • the third referred to the principle o f sub way railroads ; and the fourth to a particular enter prise which would be submitted to the consideration of the meeting as one of the means best adapted to remedy the evils pointed out in the previous resolu tions. His object was to propose a plan by which the obstructions which at present occasioned so much inconvenience in the streets of London might be immediately mitigated, and ultimately entirely removed. This inconvenience was mainly attribu table to the enormous increase which had taken place in the population of the surrounding districts during the last 40 years. In a space of one sqVare mile, or 620 acres of ground, within the city of London, there was compressed A population of 120,000 souls. It must be remembered that within the city was concentrated most of the great mone tary, public, and commercial establishments of the empire, and that consequently its streets were daily filled by tens and hundreds of thousands of passen gers, to whom it was indispensable that adequate means of transit should be afforded. In 1811 the population of this metropolis was 1,090,000, while in 1857, according to the circulation of the Regis trar-General, it was 2,800,000. In 1811 there were 1,000 hackney coaches plying at a fare of ls. a mile, while in 1857 there were 4,700 hackney car riages plying at a charge of 6d. a mile. In 1811 the stage coaches and public vehicles made about 1,000 journeys a day, while now they made about 10,000 journeys a day. The French O mn ib us C ompany was now receiving £600,000 a year for the accom modation of some 120,000 passengers daily. It was calculated that the amount of money expended by passengers in public vehicle s i n th e me t ropo li s was £6,000 per day, or £2,000,000 a year. While in 1811 the rateable annual value of property in the city was £512,000, it was at this time £1,249,000, and he knew from his position as City Solici tor, that ground within the city had been sold at as much as £200,000 and £300,000 an acre. Indeed, it had been stated by Mr. Tite, in kis evidence before a committee of the House of Com mons, that land in Cornhill had been sold at the rate of £1,000,000 per acre. These facts were proofs that the wealth of the city had increased enor mously. He had been a member of a deputation comprising some of the members of Parliament for the city, and representatives of many of its principal - commercial establishments, who waited upon Lord Palmerston to complain of the crowded state of the streets in the city, and to request the assistance of the Government in their attempts to obviate the inconvenience. Lord Palmerston replied that undoubtedly a case of great inconvenience had been made out, but that evidence was also afforded of the great commercial prosperity of the city of London, and it was clear that the wealth of the city would enable it to supply the capital requisite for the removal of the annoyance. (Laughter.) He now came to the second resolution which would be proposed to the meeting by the noble lord (Lord J. Russell) the member for the city. He had shown the enormous increase which had taken place in the population of the metropolis during a period of 45 years, but owing to the facilities of locomoti,)n afforded by cabs, omnibuses, and more recently by railways, this popul a tion had extended itself over a very large area. The public improvements which had been carried out in,the city had greatly pro moted the prosperity . of the mercantile classes, but what had been their effect upon the humbler classes with regard to their dwellings ? Even before 1811 the houses within the city occupied by the poorer and labouring class were crowded far beyond the average ratio of the country ; but in the interval between 181.1 and 1851 this evil had been greatly aggravated. It appeared from the census that while, in the aggregate throughout the country, the number of houses in proportion to the population had increased, the reverse had been the case in the city of London, for while, in 1811, the number of inhabited houses within one square mile in the city was 16,751, in 1851 it had been reduced to 14,580, the population having increased in the meantime by neatly 10,000. He would not refer to what he had seen personally of the condition of the dwellings in which the poor were consequently com pelled to live. He would leave it to ministers of reli gion and to officers of health, whose professional and official duties brought the condition of the poor under their notice to make what revelations they thought fit upon the subjett. He believed, how ever, that the chief remedy for the condition to which the poorer classes were reduced with regard to their dwellings would bo,to give them the advantage of railway accommodation. (Hear, bear.) He had no doubt that by the adoption of a radiating system of railway communications, respectable, comfort able,and healthful dwellings might be established for he labouring class, within an easy distance of London—say at Banstead Downs, or in Waltham Forest, to which they might be conveyed from the centre of the metropolis at a rate of from 6d. to ls. a week, with considerable profit to the railway proprietors. The third resolution to be submitted to the meeting was to the effect that the formation of a sub-way railroad for the metropolis was de sirable. In his opinion, population, and the con sumption of food and clothing consequent upon a large population, formed the true basis of railway prosperity. (Hear, hear.) It has been proved that a population consumed in food, fuel, clothing, &c., 30 times its own weight in the course of a year ; and therefore, where a population could be found, there must be the proper scene for successful railway enterprise. He would state what amount had been contributed by poor men and by rich men respectively—by " fustian" and "broadcloth"—(a laugh)—during the last six years to rail Ways, and he would take as the basis of his calculations the returns of the Board of Trade. In 1844 an Act of Parliament was passed which provided that the poorer class should be enabled to travel by at least one train daily over each mile of railway, in . covered carriages, at the rate of ld. a mile, and at a speed of not less than 12 miles an hour. He found that in 1852 the number of passengers by the par liamentary trains was 23,842,000 ; in 1857 it was 45,227,000—(hear, hear)—the increase being 89 per cent. The number of passengers in all other classes was 49,392,000, and in 1857 it was 70,608,000, the increase being 40 per cent. The number of miles of railway open in 18.52 was 5,245 and in 1857 it was 6,674, the increase being 27 per cent. The receipts from " Parliamentary" passen gers in 1852 were £1,346,000, and in 1857 £2,244,000, the increase being 66 per cent. The receipts from all classes were, in 1852, £5,323,000, and in 1857 £6,753,000, showing an increase of 26 per cent. against the increase of 66 per cent. on the Parliamentary traffic. The computed expenditure for Parliamentary trains in 1852 was £525,648, while the receipts were £1,346,000. In 1857 the expenditure for these trains was 1667,000; And the receipts £2,244,000. In 1852 the expenditure upon all other classes of passenger trains was. £3,207,000, and in 1857 it was £4,483,000, the rate of increase being about 40 per cent. The profits upon the Parliamentary trains in 1857, after deducting all expenses, was computed at £1,576,000, the total expenditure to procure this return being £6G7,000; while the profits from all other classes of passenger trains in 1857 were £2,269,300, the expenditure having . bees £4,483,000. If any railway shareholder wished to know where his money had gone, let him ask " Broadcloth." (Cheers and laughter.) His desire was that the people who constructed railways and locomotives should possess the advantages to which they were fairly entitled. He found that since 1844 the first-class trains out of London had been increased to the extent of 50 per cent., while the fares had been reduced 30 per cent. In 1844 the first-class passengers on the Brighton line paid at the rate of 31d. a mile, while the second-class pas senger paid Id. a mile. At present a first-class an nual ticket could be obtained for Brighton for £5O, or at the rate of 1-d. a mile, while the poor man still paid his penny a mile by the Parliamentary train. He wished*to see the poor man's fare, if he took an annual ticket, reduced in the same propor , - tion—(h ear, hear)—and he believed that, if the scheme he suggested were carried out, the poor might be enabled to go to their houses out of town and return at the rate of ls. a week, while the rail way companies might, at such a fare, obtain a re turn of 75 per cent. He hoped to see a system of subway railroads constructed, with a gallery bridge —like that over the Tyne—spanning the Thames, to connect the various railways which enters the metropolis, and he was satisfied that such a system would not only be advantageous to the great body of the people, but would prove remunerative to the railway companies. He was aware that many per sons objected to railways being carried by tunnels beneath the city of London, but he might remind .the meeting that such a system had been adopted without any inconvenience in Liverpool, Birming ham, and other places. The directors of the Me tropolitan Railway Company had subscribed £450,000 to carry out the . scheme which he sug gested, but they did not think it prudent to go on any further, and, unless they were assisted by the public, it was their intention to obtain an act of Parliament to enable them to divide the deposits, and to dissolve the company. Mr. Pearson con cluded by calling upon • the meeting to declare whether they would or would not aid in carrying out this project. Mr. Deputy DAKIN, in moving the first resolu tion, observed:that the Corporation of London had expended upwards of £1,000,000 in effecting the London Bridge improvements; and within the last seven years they had applied £500,000 to the forma tion of New Cannon-street ; and he believed they had done all that was in their power to increase street accommodation, and to remedy the inconve niences to which the attention of the meeting had been directed. He suggested that, if a central rail way station was established in the valley of the Fleet, the hide and leather market now held in Leadenhall-street might be transferred to that loca lity, and a great amount of waggon traffic in the streets of the city might thus be obviated. Mr. Dakin concluded by proposing the following reso lution : " That the overcrowding of our streets with vehicles during business hours is highly injurious to trade, and en tails much loss of valuable time upon a large number of persons of both sexes and all classes who are obliged daily to resort to the great public monetary and commwcial esta blishments with which this city abounds." Mr. LAWRENCE seconded the motion. A Mr. BELL rose to address the meeting, but The LORD MAYOR observed that it had been con vened for aspecific purpose, and not for the discus sion of any counter projects. He then put it to the meeting whether they would hear Mr. Bell, and as the decision was unanimously in the negative, the resolution was adopted. _ _ _ Lord J. RUSSELL, who was enthusiastically cheered, rose to move the next resolution : " That the crowded state of the dwellings of the poor is one of the most serious of our social evils,—an evil which in this city is aggravated by the fact that respectable work ing men, able and willing to pay for decent dwellings, but who have not money to ride, or time to walk to where de cent dwellings could be obtained at a price within their means, are compelled to live near their work wah their families in the sane crowded courts and alleys, and often in the same houses with the most unfortunate and degraded classes, in the midst of every variety of classes, misery, and vice." The noble lord said that, as he had a pressing en• gagement elsewhere, he would only trespass for a few seconds on the attention of the meeting. He hoped, however, that the proposition he had submitted to them would meet with their assent. He would not attempt to go into any calculations as to the manner in which the suggested railway should be made, or as to the profits which it might be expected to yield; but he believed it would be admitted that the working of this metropolis suffered most severely from the crowded state of the dwellings in which they were compelled to reside. (Cheers.) They had been told by Mr. Pearson that while—owing to the immense increase of warehouses—the number of dwelling-houses in the city had been diminished by 2,000, the number of inhabitants had increased by 10,000. The crowded state of the dwellings in which the best of their workmen lived might, therefore, be readily imagined. He spoke of the " best" workmen, and he did so because when the Crystal Palace in Hyde park was in course of construction he was told by gentlemen who were engaged in its erection that they believed the workmen of London were not only the best in this country, but the best in the world. (Cheers.) He thought, therefore, that as a matter of public policy, as well as of decency and of morals, these working men should be enabled to have access to houses in which they and their .families could live in decency and comfort. (Hear, hear.) They had frequently seen how much the working classes suffered from confinement, from incommodious dwellings, and from bad air, while they were devoting their strength and their energies to works which were of the greatest benefit to the country. He believed that those degraded classes to whom the resolution referred would derive great advantages if the space now occupied by men who earned good wages and who were able to pay comparatively high rents was rendered available to those in a less fortunate position ; but in the crowded dwellings which persons of this class were now compelled to inhabit it was impossible that decency could be observed, and the consequence was that degrading and immoral habits were con tracted which might not be the case under more favourable circumstances. [The noble lord then quitted the room amid general cheering.] The COMMON SEROEANT (Mr. T. Chambers) seconded the resolution, which was carried unani mously. Mr. C. WHITE moved the third resolution : th from the official railway returns for the last six years, at " It appears to this meeting, by calculations deduced the working classes are the most profitable custome h rs to the opinion railroads, a advanced e this h y m i‘ e t r i . n p g if a sub-way railroad could be made, intersecting the metro eaisrssotnro,ntrey Cimitpyr.eSsoTidciwtoitr,that polis, so as to carry merchandise, cattle,i3 and f market goods by night, and passengers and parcels yday,rom railroad to railroad, and suburb to suburb, and . to and through the city by frequent, regular, and convenient trains, carryi ng large numbers at a very low charge, that such a railroad would relieve the streets of many of their obstrUctions, and provide cheap trains for the working classes at seasonabl e hours, at the same time that it would facilitate the opera tions of commerce in the city, and render the great metro , polita4 railways more useful and profitable by briDgiug their city Nssengers within an easy walking distance of all the principal streets." The resolution was seconded by Mr. T. H. FRY, and was adopted. Mr. Alderman ROSE moved the next resolu tion :-- "It has been communicated to this meeting by the direc tors of the Metropolitan Railway Company that they and their shareholders have subscribed £475,000 to construct a sub-way railroad from Paddington to the city, with a view to profit as a commercial speculation; but, as it will requlre a further sum of £475,000 to complete the undertaking, they are not willing to increase their investment, and that they apply to Parliament for leave to withdraw their depo sits and dissolve the company unless the Great Northern and the public shall be pleased to subscribe the further sum required. This meeting is of opinion that it would be much to be regretted if so favourable an opportunity of proving the use and profit of the sub-way railway system were to be lost, and that this meeting do therefore invite those w - ao feel an interest in removing obstructions from the streets of the city and improving the dwellings of the poor by means of the sub-way railway system, as well as those who:Yg: ird it only as a commercial speculation, to take shares in 'Lb e undertaking, provided it can be satisfactorily proved that the work will be completed for the sum stated, and that th e shareholder will not be involved in any pecuniary response - bility beyond the sum he may be pleased to subscrib e. " Mr. T. MoxoN seconded the resolution, which was agreed to unanimously. On the motion of Mr. C. PEARSON, seconded by Mr. Deputy OBBARD, it was agreed hat the com mittee of requisitionists be re-appointed, to take such measures as they might think necessary t() give effect to the foregoing resolutions. Mr. CRAWFORD, M.P., in moving a vote of thanks to the . Lord Mayof said he thought, whatever might be the result of this meeting. the citizens c.f London were under deep obligations to Mr. PearscV for the attention he had devoted to this subject, and for his able and perspicuous statement. He had not taken any part in the immediate business of the meeting, because, being engaged in foreign com merce, he thought that was rather the duty of gen tlemen who were connected with the internal com merce of the city, but he felt great interest in the subject, and would be happy to render any service in his power to promote the objects of those by whom the meeting had been convened. Baron ROTHSCHILD, M.P., seconded the resolu tion, and said that he had had ample experience, perSonally, of the inconvenience resulting from the overcrowded state of the city streets. That in convenience, however, was of little importance as compared with the bearing of the ques tion upon the comforts and welfare of the working classes. (Hear.) Connected as he was .with many charities, Christian as well as Jewish—(hear, hear) —he was fully aware of the importance of adopt ing measures which might conduce to the better accommodation of those classes of the community who were now crowded in the narrow courts and alleys of this great metropolis., He thought, how ever, that Mr. Pearson was somewhat mistaken in his conclusion that the working classes contributed in a greater proportion than the wealthier classes to the profits of railway companies. Mr. C. PEARSON stated that Sir James Duke, M.P., had been compelled to leave the meeting, but had authorised him to say that he had examined carefully the details of the scheme, that it received his hearty approval, and that he would give it his most zealous support. The motion was then agreed to unanimously, and the meeting separated. POLICE INTELLIGENCE.—Dec. 1. BOW-STREET.—Louis Hirach, who was re manded for stealing a dressing-case and ,some other articles from Morley's Hotel, Charing cross, was brought up for final examination. The dressing-case the duplicate of which had been found at the prisoner's lodgings, was now pro duced by the pawnbroker, and identified by the owner, Mr. Fisher. The pawnbroker's assistant recognised the prisoner as the person who had pawned it. Mr. Fisher, and also Mr. Smith (the owner of a set of gold studs and links worth £4, stolen from Morley's, and found on the prisoner) asked to be excused from prosecuting at the sessions, as they were about to leave this country for Amerfca. Mr. Jardine said he could deal with it summarily , if the prisoner pleaded guilty, which was not im probable, as he had confessed his guilt and sued for mercy. The prisoner, on being called on to plead, asked leave to consult with a friend, and then pleaded not guilty. Ultimately it was determined to abandon this case, and commit the prisoner on a charge of steal ing a pair of trousers, the property of Mr. T. Deans West, a gentleman lately staying at Evans' Hotel, Covent-garden. On the 23d of November the prisoner was at Evans' Hotel. His room was next to that of Mr. West. After he had left (in haste as usual) the property in question was missed. It was traced to the pawnbroker by means of the duplicates found at the prisoner's lodgings, and, being now pro duced, was identified by Mr. West. A number of gentlemen and hotel keepers who had been similarly victimised were in attendance,- but none of them were able to establish a sufficiently clear ease for indictment. He was therefore com mitted on the single charge of stealing the trousers &c., from Evans'. Two grocers—Thomas Eddis, of Aylesbury street, Clerkenwell, and B. G. Clements, of Elder walk, were severally convicted of selling for genuine coffee a mixture of chicory and coffee, and were fined in the mitigated penalty of £25 each. WORSHIP-STREET.—Thos. Sherwood, a re spectably dressed middle-aged man, was charged with embezzlement. Mr. Webb, of the firm of Preston and Webb, of Carey-street, said he had to appear for the prosecu tor, Mr. E. Taylor, fringe, yarn, and wool dealer in Basinghall•street, in whose service the prisoner had been engaged as traveller, his income to be depen dent upon a commission proportioned to the amount off sales he effected, and the features of the case were not only of a peculiar, but of a very bad cha racter, as he should not only have to charge the prisoner with embezzlement, but with larceny also, it appearing that during the short time he had been in prosecutor's service, only 16 months, the losses by both embezzlement and larceny amounted to about £26p, upon a moderate calculation, of which those by larceny alone amounted to £BO. The prosecutor, Mr. Taylor, proved the engage ment of the prisoner on the terms stated, and that it was his duty to collect orders and receive money on his account, and account to him daily for all his transactions. This he had not done, and among other items so not accounted for were £1 10s., re ceived from a Mr. T. Kelsey, a customer of his house, the prisoner signing this receipt in the name of " Wood," instead of " Sherwood," his own name ; £5 6s. from Mr. Bartholomew, rug manufacturer, of Finsbury-pavement ; and £l5 145., also from Mr. Kelsey, who was a trimming manufacturer in Wil mot-square, Mile-end ; but there were numerous other cases of a like description against him. Receipts for these amounts in the prisoner's hand writing were put in in proof of these transactions. Two cases of larceny were then proceeded with, in which evidence was given of the prisoner having taken separate parcels of goods belonging to the prosecutor away from his premises, and repre sented that he had sold them to a Mr. Dent, coach lace manufacturer, of Bedford-street, Covent-gar den, to the amount of £33, and also a similar trans action with Mr. Hartley, trimming manufacturer, of Old-street, St. Luke's, and a third manufactnrer named Lewis, of Mile-end. After the evidence had been given in support of these larceny cases Mr. D'Eyncourt committed the prisoner for trial upon all the charges. CLERKENWELL.—EIiza Catlin, a miserable looking woman, was charged with stealing a shawl from a little girl named Bayham, in Brill-row, Somers-town. The prisoner said she was not guilty, and knew nothing of the shawL She was committed to the sessions for trial. SOUTHWARK. —John Cavanagh was brought up for final examination, charged with wilfully and maliciously setting fire to a dwelling-house, No. 3, Ship and Mermaid-row, Bermondsey, the property of Mr. William Croppen. The particulars have been published. Some addi tional evidence was given, and Mr. Burcham committed the prisoner for trial. It was announced yesterday morning that the negotiations for establishing a "Bank of Turkey," which were recently supposed to be approaching immediate com pletion, have been entirely broken off. It has since been stated that the proposals made to the Turkish Government for the constitution of a new national bank by the Ottoman Bank have been substantially approved, and will be carried out through the medium of that institution. The shares of the Ottoman Bank, which were yesterday at a% have consequently advanced to 21 to 211 [ADVE RTISEMENT.]—Rarey's Horse and Cattle Improv ing Food is equally adapted to improve the stamina of ill conditioned Horses, Cows, Bullocks, Calves, Sheep, and Pigs. It causes no extra expense, as it contains far more and better n our i s h men t than its cost of 11d. per feed sup plies in corn and hay ; hence ensures an actual saving in the keep. But its principal advantages are a great improve ment in the digestive functions, the stamina and general condition of horses enabling them to perform far more labour without getting distressed. It imparts new vigour to sick, debilitated, or old apparently worn-out horses, and it puts rapidly the finest flesh on cattle generally, and im proves the milk in cows, as it enables them to extract the entire nourishment out of everything they feed on. Rarey and Co., 77, Regent's Quadrant, Piccadilly, London. Packed in tins of about 90 feeds, lls. ; in casks of about 450 feeds, 50s, ; of about 1,000 feeds, £5, being about lid. per food. . • - • MARRIAGE 0-P FUGITIVE LOVERS. GLASGOW, No r. 9.-It would appear that such romantic events a s elopem en t s an d l ove - ma tches have not entire.'Y 'passed away, although the scene is no longer Gre ti la-green. A tender incident has just occurred, whk' '.7h we think worthy of a brief notice, not only in consequence of the rarity of such an event, but of ti to agreeable and satisfactory man ner in which it he .s been , brought to a conclusion. A month ago age ntleman called for Mr. Douglas, the Justice of Pea ce Fiscal in Glasgow, and stated th, it he wished t e be united to a young Roman Ca thulic lady, with . whom he had eloped from Ireland. He had courted : he 'r, he said, and was accepted, but in consequence of . being a Protestant the lady's motl ler refused to con. sent to the marriage. As time wore• on the yo cauj• lady suspected that another matc.h was on t.h a tapes, in which she was to play a conspicuous - part singularly distasteful to her; and, informing 1 aer lover of her fears, they fort hwi'll resolved to bol' ,; and get married legally, but on the sly. The gen' leman s carriage was in readiness at the appointed time for starting, when the -young lady and her 1 naid, accompanied by her Moved , drove off from . Kildare, round by Wicklow county , and thence to I Lublin. On being unsuccessful 1 0 their attempt to be made man and wife there they started forLiverl )001, and finally for Glasgow, where they were info r med the thing could be done off' hand. But it i this they were doomed to suffer, if not disappoint mont, at least delay ; for, although those useful gc !ntlemen, the justices, can " s plice' n couple, they ir Lust have sufficient evidence that the pair have rep aided at least 21 days in the county. On the intend ing bridegroom explaining mattersre Mr. Douglas, t hat gentleman had reason to believe that although. •. the lady's father had given chase as , , car as Wicklow, where he lost the scent, he had r, ow, in fact, lit tle or no objection to offer to the m atch, knowing, as he did, that his intended son' '-in. -law was a gent lemen of undoubted character and independent means. The couple, however, were ci etermined not to go back, excepting as a mar ried p.'tir, and accordingly a respectable lodging WO in ocured for the young lady and her maid, who wile he r close attend: int, in a quiet retreat in the vicinity of Glasgow, .and. Saturday last, being the day when ~ ti, me was up," was consequently appointed for the hap, ny event, v ;hen it took place in all due form is the . rustice of i Peace Court-hall, the justices on the occas ion being. Mr. David Smith, and Mr. Jame Craig, . before Ni loin the Irish Corydon and Phalli; loving ly appot cred and declared their intense con' cern to be mom -nised as man and wife. This was all , By this declarat: ion the knot was tied for ever. There was presont a fa: shionable attendance of ladies on the occasion, who vvt ?re only too happy to get a quiet hint of that which v n is in progress ; and the happy couple, were attended 15:y a member of one of the first legs' houses in the ci' t) ', whose duty it was to see that the forms of law w ere complied with in every respect' Mr. Douglas st: Lted that he was satisfied there was ne circumstance : ittending the affair that could gil t/ rise to the sligl rtest scandal. After the ce r emonl, had been conch a •ded, Mr. D. Smith, a venera bl e and learned bachel c 'r, gave a suitable address to the bride, afterwhil th the marriage was duly registered according to tht new Registration Act. After the health of the nam 71y-married couple had been plc dged, the gentleman,l ,with his beautiful and accomplisho wife (who is sail I to be the heiress of £60,000) pre' ceeded to Josez's Hotel, where an elegant dejetwe r a was served. A it elightful afternoon was spent, en the happy pair started off in the evening by the Belfast boat, en route to the gentleman's seat, where, we have little d oubt their marriage adventure, an d the precautions adopted thereanent, will often he the subject of nu !Try reminiscences. The event abo' o narrated is about. to be chronicled in the local paper as follows :—" A t Glasgow, on the 27th inst. -r!' Newcomen, Esq., of Turf-lodge, Kildare, to M'arMarl"anne, eldest daughter of W. Disney, Esq., o f Lark' lodge, Kildare." COUNTI7Y MARKETS. NEWCASTLE—UPON-TYNE—Noy. 30. At this corn market to- day there was a tolerable ;howl wheat and a fair attendance of farmers. Wh ea t sold about the rates of last week. Foreign and south coun, samples nominal. Malting barley neglected. Oat s in fin supply, at late rates. In other descriptions no mate& alteration. HULL—Nov. 30. -- - -- - - - - - —• At the market to-day the supply of English wheat Ws 6 moderate, which sold slowly at barely last week's r atesl 40s per qr (631 b per bushel) being the value of the be s t runs of red. Business very limited. Barley for feeding s late prices ; malting rather under. Beans and peas slole; and rather cheaper. Oats dull. Linseed held firmly f s full rates, and a good trade done in cakes at the full pric y ' of last week. Wheat.... Old white.... per qr.. Old red ~, . j New white .. „ .. 4os Od to 45s „n New red .... , . Dantzic, Konb., ' Ste. old white 50s Od to 53s u" Dutch, Belgian, and French 46s Od to 47 1 Baltic and Hamburg, red ... 3 4 6 e ~71 St. Petersbu rg a n d Riga, old 39s Od to 41s ,-,, Barley.... English malting .. 32 s Od to 6s Od Grinding Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish ... s 30533 s s 9 0 0d 0 Od to t t t o o 3 o 3,5 s 331 0 d 33s Od 4 Grinding 27s Od to 29s Od, Oat 9 English, old Archangel and Riga, per et 1 s Oid to is l d u Friesland and Dutch lsli ~ dto 1 3 i Swedish and Danish o.Bllid to is 1 0 1 Beans ....English, old, per qr 4G s Od to 4 8 s , i New pigeon 42 s Od to 43 8 u'7,` New tick Egyptian 37 s Od to 38s T A Peas Foreign breakers Grinding 3& s Od t o 40s v" Tares ....Winter Bs;s Od to 90s Od Indian Corn Linseed, feeding soa; Od to 55 5 L', crushing 44sc Od to 52 8 Linseed cakes (Hull) £9 10 oto £9 15 0 Foreign BlO oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes ' 515 oto 6 0 0 Bones NEWARK—DEC. 1. Wheat was dull at late rates. Flour irregular. G O4 barley held for 6d advance, which checked business. Oats were dull, but not lower. Beans and peas were unaltere° in value. el White wheat, new, 47s to 50s Barley, grinding .. 28s to -., Red do. 4os to 43s Oats, old, . —s to ---,: Old white 4os to 42s New do 30s to 3 .4 ' Red do.. 38s to 40s Beans.. 44s to 48° Barley, malting.... 38s to 44s I Malt.. 6Bs to 724 CORK—Nov. 30. The following were the quotations this morning :- 11 i ej wheat, 14s 6d to 20s; white, 1.5 s 9d to 22s 6d; barley 11 8 ; 14 to ns Od; oats, Ils Od to 13s Od. —Nov. 30. 31y, and generally a firm mar • thout much chang e . Indo o arket. d. s. d. s• Do., new ll 6 to 13 p ° Bere . ll 6 to 1 2 u () Rapeseed 26 0 to 29 Oatmeal l2 6 to 14 6 Bakers' flour Indian corn DUBLIN. There was a moderate supp ket, but prices remained wi corn is quite a drug in the M. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white 22 6 to 24 6 Do., red 2l 6 to 22 6 Do., new Barley Oats Do., black ll 0 to 12 0 BRISTOL SUGAR-DEC. 1. Very few transactions have taken place in West sugars since our last, in consequence of the small supPil, offering. The few lots sold h a ve brought 6d per cwt. ad' vance. Nothing doing in rum. COAL MARE (Prices of Coal per Ton at :ET—DEc. 1. the close of the market.) s. d. Walls End ..A ..A Byass's Bebside West s. a ' 9 Hartley .15 3 Heugh Hall 1 7 Lambert's W. Hartley.ls 3 Nixon's Merthyr 21 0 Hastings Hartley ..... 15 3 Powell's Duffryn Steam 21 Wylam l5 6 Nixon's Duffryn 21 0 Tanfield Moor ' l3 0 Ships at mark, ;t, 34—sold, 33. BIRTHS. BRUNLEES. — On the Ist inst., at the Ferns, Addison' road, Kensington, the wife of James Brunlees, EA . ' C.E., of a son. HORNE.—On the 22d ult., at Bilbster House, Caithnes s- shire, the lady of Majo r H orne , o f Stirkoke, of a clang"' ter. STUART.—On the 16th ult at Malta, the wife of Colo nel Ramsay Stuart, C. 8., 21st Fusiliers, of a son. SMYTUE.—On the 30th u lt., a t B ran d es t on Vi ca rage, 51 1 folk, the wife of the Rev. Henry Meade Smythe, 0 ' son. MARRIAGES. BEAUCLERK—FITZROY.—On the Ist inst., at St. Jaine e t. Piccadilly, Aubury De Vere Beauclerk, Esq., of Ar glass Castle co. Down, Ireland, to Miss Evelyn Fitzrol' of Salcey Lawn,: Northampton. er'sl p e DArts—STRINGER.---On the 30th ult., at St. - t Pimlico, William, eldest son of John Davis, Esck' te r Cranbrooke-park, Ilford, to Adelaide, youngest dauguiii, of the late Miles Stringer, Esq., of Etfinghaul' ll Surrey. DEATHS. f ATKINSON.—On the 30th ult., at Highgate Lodge, NJ.' Atkinson, of 24, Old Bond-Areat, aged 58. J. BLorD.—Onthe 30th ult., at Duke-street, Suffolk, Air' Bloyd, aged 63. Buuy.—On the 25th ult., at Scarborough, Edward M ill ' Esq., of Croft Lodge, Windermere, aged 66. CoTTING,IAM.—On the 28th ult., at Bridge-house, Be /del ' Kent, Edwin Cottingham, Esq., F.R.C.S. HUNT.—On the 26th ult., at Walmer, Kent, Lieut John Philip Hunt, C.B , late of the 11th Regim ent Foot, aged 78. PHIPPS.—On the 22d ult., at B err y wo od, Hants, Ve nt.- Colonel Paul Phipps, K.H., rate of the Ist Royal Dra goons, aged 70. ell- HAILVEY.—On the 29th ult., at Park-terrace, Cambersv.,,„ grove, Henry H arve y, E sq ., l a t e o f Tower-street, Cl`," aged 37. LONDON : Printed and Published by MUItDO YOILLI of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 11 1 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county iMlddlebox, Thursday,PecAmabor 21 1858. ~I at Gm Ode o' Lots, .( nacle-r Union- Willow Willow and No Plans obtaine ball. W after IV TIoNs CHAN] Manche interme and yai tion at Compan Cheapsi Thames O. 211, Purni Public A T Ei at lity, a • drawing steads ite ms, a cataloolt C ST. Gentle Modatiot Meats ar Moderate e ngaged B 2 7th A( aEoi ,"-- 1 of 45 5. Alai EPPS Lot ZaWed for "MI" Mo princip a l p noniceopa nEC.4. HC howerer state, will HA.IIDIII , I nany yea] the furthe Price One FOROV ASSI Thomas Ti Thomson 1 Accumul Mutual ] Person; additional 15, 3Ioor; THE Bank-bu IV I RE ACC Establ Ma Rei The b ile . ] t o , um at pA At A 1 e_ RINE IN t:MPany al t ed and kc -lara nce Codltiohs and Total Claim Annu 144 ur ance i 'vents an d er ; F, c P PIY to thc ulliPany's 31 ank b ° N LI JOHN p j °llll Dixon liar "t NV. M. T Si 3t *P. I, k t Walter Harve ° ' l 4 Labou; 4 wart Loch, en Mai Sal, • Ik t csbed u ot is stir do "a re • a u t lv isions t P of Chri s Mal t he Income ".,,e Life Ass buivision °tides, effe 11,1 11 particip ;pris trnas, 1 ""tained froi SI ,v . IRE Di trY descrii osses cai s'nlPany. 1 3 1',.. 4 has p uz; ably Z U U ce rn iman ng tirnfect bag 44. 1 ,7 1 41 11 ml I orley's ° l . se r' ral shop k4 lned a n 1 :1 1: lePecl off tt t_e f orced t p rime ita own q° hay e 't • oo *ill n Dar well And HET B , Eust6 1' .. "•-•