The Sun. — London, England, 1860-03-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 15, 1k 60. BRITISH C OLU MBIA. (Front the Correspondent of the Times.) VANCOUVER'S ISLAND, JAN. 22. The elections of representatives to serve in the new House of Assembly of Vancouver's Island are just over, and give a very marked mijority in favour of the Government. The qualifications of electors, which were lately established by an Act of the last Legislature, and of which the recent elections are the first fruits, are rather peculiar, and some of them novel in practice, although not in theory. Here is an epitome :- Ist. All British subjects who, as surgeonsor phy sicians, obtained a diploma in Great Britain, Ire land, or any of the colonies ; barristers, solicitors, attorneys, and advocates and writers to the signet (in Edinburgh), and graduates of any one of the Universities of the mother country or of the colo nies. These form the first class of electors. The second class comprises the occupiers of any real estates in the colony at a yearly rental of £l2. The third class embraces the following property and oc cupancy qualifications :—(a) A freehold estate of 20 acres of land ; (b) a freehold of the value of £5O in any real estate ; (c) one-fourth part of the profits of a farm held by a person in charge thereof (a bailiff, for instance), The conditions as to residence are, in the first class, four months; in the second class, six months; and in the third class, three months. The voters enfranchised under the pro fessional and educational qualifications may elect to qualify under the first or any other class, but they cannot vote for the same district on two qua lifications at the same election. The voting is open, there being a great aversion to the ballot here, where its effects are well known, that the subject was not even mooted during the discussion of the Act to amend and extend the re presentation. The disqualification of alienage by reason of a British-born subject having assumed allegiance to another country can be removed by his taking the oath of allegiance to the Queen three months pre vious to registration. All others who are disquali fied in Great Britain are disqualified here. So far as regards the electors. The qualification of a member is freehold property of the value of £3OO owned for three months pre vious to the election, and a residence in the colony for the same period. - The following are disqualified from serving as members—viz., clergymen, returning officers and revising barristers, for 18 months after they shall have acted in either capacity ; insolvents and uncer tificated bankrupts ; persons who have been con victed of felony, of bribery at an election, or who have been outlawed in any suit. The acceptance of a Government appointment, or the taking of a Government contract by a member, shall, ipso facto, vacate his seat; but he shall be eligible for re-election. The practical working of the Act is the same as in England in similar matters. The duration of the House is for three years. The number of members is 13, of electors 478. Such are the simple foundations of our young political institutions, which their founders trust will endure as long as those of the mother country from which they are borrowed. Of the character and standing of the newly elected members, upon whose proceedings in the approach ing session of the Legislature the future fate of the colony in a measure depends, it is safe to say, that they are, on the whole, so respectable a body of educated and intelligent men, whose individual in terests are linked with the general interests of the colony, so as to afford a reasonable guarantee that they will strive to advance its prosperity. They very fairly represent the opinions and interests of the constituency, and they possess sympathies com mon to all classes. The greatest compliment I can pay to them is to say that their sentiments are thoroughly English ; and to this fact I attach much importance. It will give a tone—a wholesome practical tone—to the Assembly; and the force of this good example ',vill tend to extend and to confirm the feelings of loyalty and of attachment to our common country and to our peculiar institutions which, happily, animate the great body of the colonists. It is good and gratifying to see our old and tried institutions re produced in so remote a portion of the new world. The contest in some parts of the colony was keen enough, and success was only obtained after a hard struggle; but the conflict brought out much that was manly, straightforward, and independent in thought and action, and there was a singular ab sence of all improper influences. The result is a triumph of the influence of property, capacity, ex perience, prudent reform, economy and progression over demagogism and its kindred concomitants. At the same time, it is proper to add that few popular elections have left less acerbity of feeling. The new bishop has been here for three weeks. His fame as an able and efficient pastor had pre ceded him, and insured him a kind and hearty reception. His presence, social intercourse, and the performance of his sacred duties have confirmed the estimate we had formed by reputation of his charac ter. He has been exceedingly well received by all classes ofProteatants—Dissenters as well as Church men. Much of the favourable impression which the Bishop has made is due to his very candid declara tion from the pulpit, on the first Sunday after his arrival, that his church is self-supporting, and un conneted with the State. He threw himself boldly and confidently upon the affections, zeal, and good feeling of the laity for the future maintenance of religious instruction; and, as a large majority of the people is averse to State connection, the decla ration has had the desired effect. My own individual opinion is of no weight or im portance, but I shall not commit myself entirely to these sentiments. They are very pleasing in theory, ' and as a general principle have much to recommend them. I think, however, that a moderate endow ment in real property in aid of religion, where, as is the case here, it can be done - without any injustice to existing interests, is a duty incumbent on the State—such endowment not to be limited to the Church of England. This done, the further future support of every church might with a good grace be left to the members of each persuasion. A clergyman who knows his part well, and plays it, will find supp'rt under the voluntary system ; but I have yet to learn that this system possesses vitality and attraction sufficient to induce the edu cation, training, and devotion of such a body of learned men as the Church of England draws, under State endowment, to her service. Having seen much of the voluntary system where it exists on a large scale, I cannot hesitate to declare that it has not yet produced, and is not preparing, an educated body of clerical gentlemen in any part of the world which comes up to the standard I have mentioned. There is much practical philosophy in Sydney Smith's doc trine of "prizes" in the Church. I have now to take up a far less agreeable sub ject, San Juan, but I shall touch iapon it slightly. By the determination of the home Government we are now; it seems, to have a joint military oc cupation. The Americans have 90 men on the island at present, and I suppose we shall send an equal number. I stated so many objections to this measure in a former letter that I shall not take up your space with any more. My own opinion is that the American Government will continue to express its determination to keep the island so long as they believe that we shall not go to war for it, and that the moment we remove this belief from tad: it minds, and convince them that we are deter mined to maintain our rights at all hazards, they will give us up a possession which is of no value, use, or utility to the American nation, but which will be a source of expense to it, a continual cause of annoyance ar.d irritation to us, a constant menace in time of peace, and in time of war a key by which they can lock us out of our possessions of a great portion of 'Vancouver's Island, and out of B itish Columbia altogether. • I naturally feel very strongly on this matter, en have paid much attent i on to the question but having so fully stated on form er occasions ' both sides of it, I will not at present go into its merits. I wish, however, to express my conviction--a con viction which I share with all the best informed men here—that if our Government shall commit folly, and be guilty of the weakness of giving- up San Juan, unless England shall at the same time or soon after abandon also all her possessions on the ' Pacific, the possession of San Juan by America will inevitably lead to a war. San Juan American, and Vancouver's Island and Columbia British, are incompatible wi h peace. Our Government made a first false s' ep,—namely, to enter upon negotiations before fir insisting upon the restoration of the status quo ante bellunz. All the American troops should have been removed, and then negotiations could have been entered into by the parties upon equal terms. This neglect of our Government will give them more trouble than they foresee and strengthens the pretensions of the Americans. There are some things in the conduct of the Ame rican Government which are very significant, and which haye not been brought as they deserve under the notice of the English public. I will mention three facts. In the first place, the Government has not, that I can learn, disavowed General Harney's act of invasion, or whatever it may be called. In the next place General Scott certainly did not dis avow it when out here ; and, in the third place, the cause of complaint was not removed, but still exists ; 90 soldiers are still on the island, and General Har ney still commands them as well as the rest of the force in his military division, of which he is still the chief. We can learn nothing of his recall. Some of his own officers do not believe that he will be removed. Much has been attempted to be made by the American Government and by the press of the re moval of the great body of the troops from San Juan by General Scott, and he made as much of it as he could himself. But what is the fact ? On his arrival in Puget Sound Gen. Scott found, to his dis may, that Gen. Harney's rashness in removing as he did very nearly all the troops from Oregon and Washington territory had left the vast frontier of these 'two countries entirely exposed to the incur sions of the Indians, who are hostile to the Ameri can people. If proof were wanting of the great risks to which the denuding of the frontier posts of their soldiers exposed the citizens of these two ex tensive countries, the general found it most conclu sively in the fact that just before his arrival some of the soldiers in San Juan itself had to be detached to repel an Indian attack upon the village of What corn, on the mainland in Washington territory. Gen. Scott, seeing the danger of keeping his sol diers immured in San Juan, hastened to repair Gen. Harney's imprudence, and sent them back to their former qnarters. This was the true cause and rea• son of the removal of the greater portion of the American troops. They could not be left to remain any longer away from their different posts without exposing the country to the most imminent risks ; and Gen. Scott tried to pass off upon us as a con cession what was really a necessity of his own po sition. lam not aware that the American Govern ment has yet made one step towards an amicable adjustment of our difference with it. On the con trary, I am informed that the allusion.,to the affair in the President's Message is not satisfactory. Gen. Totten, the chief of the engineer corps of.the American army, was here the other day on a tour of inspection, to select, it is said, sites on the sound and elsewhere in this neighbourhood eligible for the erection of fortifications. Business is brisk for this season of theyear, when mining is partially suspended. The value of land is steadily progressing in Victoria, anti is now very high ; and the growth of the town continues with out abatement. Even the wet weather does not stop building. Her Majesty's ships Ganges, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Baynes, Captain Fulford ; the Tri bune, Capt. Hornby ; the Satellite, Capt. Prevost; and the Plumper, Capt.:Richards, are in harbour. The Tribune leaves for England via Valparaiso in a few days. The other vessels remain here for the present. It is pretty well understood now that the Government has decided upon making this the head-quarters of the Pacific squadron. This is a wise decision, and one imperatively called for, to pro tect the large English interests fast growing up in this part of the world. A Government powder magazine is about to be built at Esquimalt, and it is to be hoped a dockyard will soon follow. An English bark from London, the Sea Nymph, arrived at Victoria twodays ago, after being out 13 months. She had to put in at two places to repair damages. Nine passengers came in her. In my last letter I spoke of the vast extent of the goldfield of British Columbia, extending for hundreds of miles east and north of the coast. Ever since then we have been receiving accounts, chiefly from New Caledonia, each succeeding one more favourable than the preceding. The other day four Germans came down from Quesnell's River with 24,000 dols., which they dug out of a small stream, a tributary of that river, in the short space of five weeks. I can vouch for the truth of this state ment, and I wish the Germans had remained in New Caledonia five weeks longer, for they have en ticed away a gardener who was at work for me to go back with them, and who spurned my 5 dols. a day on seeing the pile" of his countrymen. For the last few months so many successful miners have returned to California with " piles" that we are promised a considerable immigration from that country in the spring. It is now ad mitted that the average earnings arc mush greater in British Columbia than in the older goldfields, where the surface digging are worked out. A good deal of legislation has been passed for British Columbia lately. So much of the English Limited Liability Law as is locally applicable has been established ; also so much of the County Courts Act as will apply to facilitate the recovery of small debts has been put in force. But the most impor tant measure by far is the passage of a law whereby the acquisition of lsnd for agricultural purposes is facilitated. Under this law any British subject may acquire 160 acres of land which is unsurveyed and unoc cupied in any part of British Columbia, excepting only such portions as are reserved for town sites for the Indians and as may be required for mining. To acquire a good inalienable claim to a perfect title to 160 acres all that the claimant has to do is to enter upon the possession as soon as he makes his selection, record his claim to it (that is, report the fact in writing) to the nearest magistrate, and give a description of the land. On taking possession he pays nothing for the land, but has to pay a fee of 83. for recording his claim. When the land shall have b een surveyed by the Government the claim ant or hi s h e i rs acquire a title from Government on is pa expected of a sum thatth n e o p t r t ic o e e vi x , c h e i e c d h per will re er al a lyb e. It de manded will only be about ss. per acre. This will depend upon the determination of the Imperial Go• vernment, and it is to be hoped that they will agree to the reduction, so as to m eet t h e competition of land in the adjoining countries, which is a dollar and a quarter an acre. With the view of encouraging improvement, a person in possession can sell his land as soon as he effects improvements to the value of 103. per acre. This condition complied with, he can pass a good title to the purchaser. The acquisition of land under the law above ex plained is what is technically called" pre-empti on .s And any person holding land under pre-emption— e., 160 acres, may, in addition to his 160 acres, purchase at any time any additional quantity of land he chooses, not otherwise appropriated, at a price not to exceed 10s. an acre, of which 58. Far acre to be paid down, and the residue at the time of survey, it' demanded. As it must be some consi derable time before the land can be surveyed, it is likely that parties taking up land promptly will have several years' possession before they are called upon for payment. Land pre-empted and afterwards abandoned may be claimed and taken by any other person on the original terms, even if improved by the first oc cupant. Parties pre-empting land and occupying it have the same legal remedies of actions of ejectment and trespass against intruders as the. would have at common law if they were seised of the legal estate; and purchasers of quantities over and above 160 acres pre-empted have the same legal rights. Questinas of boundaries and disputes between parties may be referred to the nearest magistrate for adjustment, who may summon a jury to dispose of them in a summary way; an appeal to the courts of law being reserved in cases of dissatisfaction with the local decision. The law gives to aliens who shall take the oath of allegiance the same rights and privileges con ferred upon British subjects, so that any foreigner who intends to become a British subject may take up, purchase, hold, occupy, and enjoy land as freely as any of her Majesty's subjects. Such are the principal features of the land system for settling the Crown lands in British Columbia. Some of the details will, no doubt, require amend ment in practice. This can readily be effected on further experience of the working of the measure. The great feature—the beneficial character—of the law is the reduction of the price from £1 to 10s. per acre ; and the permission to occupy at once, and without waiting for survey, so as to suit the conve nience of settlers, is not less important. The only objection I have to the principle of the measure is that the price is too high. Incredible as it may appear to persons accustomed only to the transfer and business of land in the old country, where a thousand circumstances go to raise the value of land, yet 10s. an acre is really too high a price for the wild lands of British Columbia. The parties wishing to settle there are, as a general rule, poor men, whose means will be ex hausted in the expense of transport, the cost of implements of husbandry, of farm-stock, and of buildings, and who, after these charges, or even some of them, are defrayed, cannot afford to pay 10s. an acre for their land. And these are the very classes most needed in the new country, whose only capital is their labour, and who are the most efficient pioneers of civilisation and material progress. In my humble opinion, it is a serious mistake in the Government to attempt to make revenue out of the public land. Cheap, or a free gift of land, upon condition of improvement, ought to be the attraction held out to immigrants, and the success of this plan would in the end be a source of a much larger re venue to the State than a high, or even a moderate, or indeed any, price put upon the land can ever be come. Statesmen overlook the fact that every settler becomes a taxpayer direct, and a consumer of taxpaying commodities. The result is inevitable that if you increase your settlers you increase your revenue, and that permanently. The amount col lected from 10s. an acre purchase-price soon vanishes from the treasury. Taxation periodically replenishes it. But, independently of a thousand arguments in favour of a low price, we can never people the new colony - unless we compete with our neighbours, whose land, in unlimited quantity, is as good as and more accessible than ours, while it is also cheaper. The fine phrases of "loyalty and attachment,' , " admiration of time-honoured institutions," and the like fall heavily on the ear of a poor man whose means are so limited he must go to the cheapest market for land to settle his family upon. It was distressing to see hearty, stalwart men hanging about the street last year waiting for a reduction in the price of land in Vancouver's Island, and at last forced to go to Washington territory and settle there. Ido not mention these cases for the sake of " effect." They are facts of which lam cognizant, and grave facts, which must not be overlooked. It is sincerely to be hoped the Government will take the matter up, treat it in a wise, patriotic, and practical spirit, and authorise the Governor to re duce the price at once and finally to ss. an acre. The land measure will not be successful else. Several persons are availing themselves of the law already, it is true ; but they are men already com mitted, who have been occupying land in expecta tion of a reduction, or who, being in the country, cannot do better ; and it is proper to state dis tinctly that all who are settling on the land are doing so under the impression that the price to be demanded will be only ss. an acre. This conviction is general, and I have heard nothing to impair its accuracy or justification from the local Government, although I cannot say how it got abroad. We want the price so low as to attract strangers. The progress of British Columbia in commerce is, on the whole, considering the smallness of the popu lation, satisfactory. The value of the imports for the year ending December 31, was £177,219 is. 5d., as taken at the Custom-house. The Customs duties, including harbour dues, in the same period, were £18,461. The other sources of taxation are : Miners' licenses of £1 a-year each; spirit licenses, in towns £25 a-year, and in rural districts £lO a-year; wholesale licenses, in town and country, £lO a-year ; trading licenses in the mines, 10a. a month; which will in the aggregate, and added to the Customs duties, bring up the total revenue of this year to about £50,000, and which will leave a surplus, after defraying all the civil and judicial expenditure cif the colony. There are taxes upon carriers, &c., lately im posed, but their produce is to be specially applied to the improvement of river navigation and the making of roads in the interior—both objects of the first necessity, but which, I fear, the taxes set apart for them will not be sufficient to accomplish I fear much misconception on the true state and condition of the new colony prevails in England. The kind interest taken in its affairs, and the generous efforts made by the most distinguished men in the mother country to provide the means of re ligious instruction and of education, entitle them to information upon the subject of crime, which, I doubt not, they fancy prevails to a great extent. I applied to Mr. Begbie, the Judge of Columbia, for information on this head, he being the most re liable source of information; and I will trespass on your space so far as is necessary to snake a few extracts from a paper with which the judge has kindly furnished me. The Judge writes : " It is a legitimate subject of no small congratu lation that in a country so wild and almost path less (certainly roadies:) as this, with a population generally pointed at as the refuse of California— with a magistracy weak in numbers, weaker in their great inexperience, from the judge down wards, every one of them new to judicial and ma gisterial business—with a police never 20 in num ber, and never more than four or five in one place —the population all armed, and all engaged in the most exciting and demoralising pursuit which men can follow (namely, gold-hunting), there should have been in the whole of the present (now last) year not one murder, not one attempted murder, not one duel, and but one assault with a deadly weapon at all in the whole of British Columbia. Under Providence, this wonderful result, unexam pled in the history of new gold-mining countries, has been without doubt produced by the firmness of the Governor, and the unhesitating sternness with which one or two difficulties' which occurred at the close of the past year had been met and punished. It has been thoroughly impressed upon our whole population- that the cowardly and ruf fianly outrages perpetrated to so lamentable an ex tent elsewhere, under the above euphonism, will here consign the offenders without the hope of mercy to the gallows, or a life-long imprisonment." The Judge remarks with reasonable pride that Blackstone is more regarded in his jurisdiction than Judge Ly ncli ; and while he draws an accurate and just comparison between " the statistics of blood" on the south and those on the north side of the 49th degree of north latitude favourable to the latter, yet he does ample justice to the Californians who have come to British Columbia. Of them he reports that they have always— " Mani fe s t ed a grea t d es i re t o see j us ti ce f a i r l y done, an d great pat i ence w i th the d i ff i culties which the magistrates s il t ! a t l e s h a a n v d e the frequently judiciary complimented have ha d to con l y rough auditory —sometimes 150 miners—on the good ord er and manly respect observed in my i u d e e l i s .a o t f i n th o e f y ud ou g r e'6 sp p a ct e p e '2 , court." ranldnyeintlyomeuiltl e a u t f e of w scattered sentenc es i n con l‘ s i conclusion, on two subjects of interest—the Chinese theand lndians : " The effect of this orderly conduct upon general immigration cannot fail to be felt. Her e alone of all milling countries will you find Chinamen not protected, but standing in no need of protection, unmolested. This is gratifying in view of a Chinese innigra tion expected to set in shortly : " The great vice and sin in the country is the sale of liquors to Indians. And how to quell this seems a secret unknown as yet to the police. It is perhaps not to be quelled by police. It must be left to public opinion and public feeling, which it is to be hoped will soon be definite enough and powerful enough to put it down for ever. " It is to be hoped that order and economy, of which an excellent example is given by all the offi cials, will bear good fruit and preserve a homely English feeling, which is every day solidifying it self throughout the colony." The Judge's statistics of crime refer to white men. During the year two Indians were executed for murder, and one sentenced to imprisonment for life, for wounding with intent to murder. Two Indians are at present under examination or trial at New Westminster on a charge of having murdered two Italians on the Fraser River some months ago. JAN. 27. A paragraph purporting to be an extract from he President's Message on the San Juan affair has just been brought to me in anticipation of the Mes sage itself, which has not yet arrived, in which General Harney's absurd charge of an attempt having been made last summer by Mr. Dallas, Governor Douglas's son-in-law, to take an Ame rican from the island by force is reiterated. If the Message does contain such a statement there is not a word of truth in it. The whole story is a fabrication, refuted long ago by the Governor. I was myself on the island when the circumstance which forms the groundwork of the story oc curred. Mr. Dallas is at this moment in such distress by the death of his only child, not yet buried, that I will not speak to him on the subject, but I am sure he will set this unfounded charge finally at rest in due time. We were very much grieved at the death by drowning of Mr. Bloomfield, the late Bishop of London's son, on the wrecking of the steamer Northerner, the other day. The deaths in all were 35. The ship was so old and rotten that she went to pieces very quickly. The mails were saved. The mail bags were washed on shore. 2,229 deaths from all causes, of which 592 were by diseases of the zymotic class. It may be instructive to compare the fatality by some of the diseases' of London now and in the 17th century. In the 20 years 1660-79 th e mor t a lit y i n Southwan• , and in the city within and without the walls was at the rate of 7 or 8 per cent.; so the mortality within the bills may be set down at the rate of 7,000 annually in every 100,000 living, of which 3,400 were by zymotie diseases. The diseases were not always distinguished ac curately. But by putting them in groups any fal lacy from this source will be obviated, and the de crease of some of the worst forms of mortal disease will be placed beyond doubt. To render the com parison easy, the number living is taken to be the same in the two periods-100,000 in 1660-79 and in 1859. The annual deaths by small-pox were 357 in the first period, 42 in the second period ; by mea sles 40 and 47 in the two periods. Medical science was imperfect, and the science existing in tint century was very imperfectly applied. Croup and scarlatina were not generally recognised, but were confounded with measles and fever. The mortality by fever, continued or remittent, and ague was at the rate of 749 and 59 in the two periods ; or, in cluding scarlatina, quinsy, and croup, the mortality was 759 and 227. Thus a person was in four times as much danger of dying of these diseases at the Restoration as a person living in London now. Women are not yet entirely exempt from peril in childbearing ; the mortality by that disease is now 17, it was then 86. Again, a few (8) in 100,000 die now of dysentery ; then, out of the same number, 763 died annually of that disease. By diarrheca, a milder form of disease, 11 died then, 120 die now ; cholera was fatal in 1859 t o 7, an d the 20 years 1660-79 to 130 annually. Syphilis was twice as fatal as it is, the numbers being 21 and 12. Scurvy and purpura bear testimony to the im perfect nutrition of the population ; the annual deaths were then 142 and are now 2. Vegeta bles, fruit, and fresh meat could with difficulty be procured in winter. Worms and all parasitic crea tures that crawl over, bite, and prey on the body of man were prevalent ; 10 deaths were ascribed to worms. Dropsy, a result and sign of scurvy and fever, was exceedingly fatal ; 298 died of that disease then, and 26 now. Apoplexy, paralysis, epilepsy, affections of the brain, and suicide are more fatal now, according to the returns, than they were in the proportion of 57 then to 151 now. Consumption and diseases of the breathing or gans were uncommonly fatal; 1,079 then and 611 now are the figures of the mortality. Diseases of the digestive organs were fatal then and now in the proportion of 146 and 91. Stone and diseases of the urinary organs are now as fatal as they were then ; the deaths being 21 and 30. Children were rapidly cut down; of convulsions and teething 1,175 died then, 136—t00 many—now. Of the violent deaths some are now more fre quent, as the forces by which they are occasioned are greater; of fractures and wounds 19 died then, 25 now ; of poison, more accessible, 2 now and then only 1; of burns, as fires are probably more common and dresses more inflammable, now 13, then 3 ; drowning and suffocation were then twice as fatal (23 and 20) as they are (10 and 10) in the present day. Five in 100,000 of the people were executed then annually ; now 1 in the whole population. In addition, the inhabitants of London were then destroyed by the terrible plague ; which, upon an average of the 20 years, carried off 1,132 lives. In 1635 nearly a third of the population perished by plague. It is difficult to conceive this frightful destruction of human life ; the imagination, the wailing notes of writers, the details of Detoe in a work which would have immortalised any writer, fail to bring all the horrors before our minds. The mortality was at the rate of 7 per cent. on an average during the 20 years. If the mortality of London had been at the same rate in the last year, instead of 61,617 about 194,204 deaths would have been registered. The plague was the more appalling as the mor tality overwhelmed the people in particular years ; thus the burials from 15,356 in 1663 rose to 97,306, " whereof 68,596 were by plague," in 1665 ; and this was equivalent to more than 600,000 deaths by plague in the Fresent population of London. In the third week of September 8,297 deaths were regis tered, which represents a rate of mortality equiva lent to about 85,000 deaths in a week on the actual population of London. In these recurring plagues vast numbers of people fled in panic terror from the fatal city ; servants and workpcople were discharged in great numbers; commerce was paralysed ; few ships ventured up the river, and merchant vessels were occupied by their owners as asylums on the water. Sextons, gravediggers, bearers, bellmen, and drivers of death carts were in demand. The dead were buried in discriminately ; some bodies lay in forsaken houses, others across the paths in the streets no longer traversed by carts or coaches. At the end of the summer grass was growing in Bishopsgate-street and Cornhiil, where the people thronged no longer. The loud voices, shrieks, and sobs of the delirious, the desolate, and the dying were heard in the streets; at times too disturbed by reckless revellers and by raving patients, who had escaped from their dwellings, converted into prisons. For according to the regulation "infected houses" were siva up ; a red cross and "Lordhavemerey upon us!" were in scribed on their portals ; while watchmen jealously guarded the doors. These quarantine regulations were at first rigidly carried out and were only gradually abandoned when they were found useless, pernicious, and impracticable. It is° of some use to ask whether these past oc currences possess merely a historical interest for the inhabitants of London. Are the diseases of those times ever likely to recur? The answer must be— undoubtedly they will recur, if their causes come again into action, and not otherwise. If a comet, if the stars, if volcanic action, if some mystical tel luric influence destroyed the population of London at the rate of 7 per cent. annually, and at times in paroxysms at the rate of 20 and 30 per cent. in a single year, such powers are evidently beyond the ,reach of the will and of all human effort. The population must resign itself to ias fate. Vesuvius may perhaps be extinguished artificially; but the cause of the volcanic action which pervades the world is inaccessible. All the evidence, however, goes to show that comets, stars, and volcanic action had as much to do with the mortality of the population of London in the 17th century as with mortality of the British troops in the Crimea ; and no more. The supply of food, and particularly of veg e t a bl e an d f res h animal food, in certain seasons of the year, was de fective, so that a large porti on o f th e popu l at i on became scorbutic. The houses were nearly as close and dirty as the houses now are in Constantinople and Can o; the water su ppl y was i mperfect, as London-bridge Works and Hugh Middleton's New River were for many years unappreciated. Water has in itself little attraction for people unaccustomed to ablution. Parasitic insects and di seases o f th e skin betrayed its impurities. The dirt of the houses struck foreigners. The sowers were imperfect ; and the soil gave off marsh malaria in some parts, and in others was saturated with the filth of successive generations. The high rates of mortality which then prevailed still attend cholera and current epidemics in certain localities. The nature of disease and the climate are still the same as they were in London before the Revolution ; and it is evident that if plague has dis appeared, other zymotic diseases, but notably dysen tery, scurvy, and fever, have declined. Cholera was on an average then as fatal as it has been re cently, and probably much more fatal than it will be again if London be supplied with pure water. The nation exults justly in the progress of its manufacture. But thc' progress of its manufactures is surpassed by the progress of the health of its capital. The improvement in the health of London has proceeded step by step with the amendment of the dietary, the drainage of the soil on which the houses stand, the purification of the water which the people drink; with the sweetening of the air; and with the progress of medical science, which is the source of sound doctrines. So long as these improvements are maintained, the diseases of the 17th century will not recur, and all further progress is in the hands of the people. They can work out their ova salvation with God's blessing. The causes of disease are numerous ; but every one that has hitherto been discovered can be to a certain extent controlled. If by persevering in the exact observat ion and analysis of the dis eases of the population science succeedsin bringing to light the evils of unnatural diseases still existing, we way hope confidently that those evils will be averted; and that, rising from the Thames, the site of London, which was pronounced in the 17th century a field of blood and terror, will be a field of health, concourse, and security to the population of the metropolis of the empire. BRITISH EXPORTS TO FRANCE.—A return to the House of Commons exhibits the declared value of the produce and manufactures of the United Kingdom ex ported from the United Kingdom to France for the last six years. It appears from this return that we exported to France in 1851goodS worth X 3,175,290 • in 18 55,4012,658 ; in 1856, £6,43_,6 50 ; 1657, £6,213,358 ;in 1858, £1,F63,131 ; and in 1859, £4,754,354. Her Majesty's colo nies during the same years exported goods the cosunuted value of which was in 1851X3,216,175; in. 1 855,X1,409,223 ; in 1856, £4,038,427 ; in 1837, X5,113,1C5 ; in 1858,4379,070; and in 1859, £4,590,504. From this summary it appears that the home and colonial exports increased in one year— viz., 1855 to £4,030,416, and that this increase steadily pro gressed for the next two years, reaching in 1857, the sum of £11,325,823. In 1858, however,•• they declined to £9,242,201, a decrease of £2,084,622; and exhibited only a very slight recovery during the last year of Xl 9 657 on a total of L9,254 ) 858. "') I .MMI BIRTH'S AND DEATHS IN LONDON. The following report on the births and deaths and causes of death in London during the year 1859 has been issued from the General Register Office:— General Register Office, Somerset-house, Marsh 8, 1860. YEAR 1859. The weekly tables have shown the changes of the population of London during each of the 52 weeks, and now the births, deaths, and fatal dis• eases of the year can be summed up. Our gains and our losses can be numbered. The natural increase of the population was 30,939. That was the excess of the registered births over the registered deaths. Besides the increase by natural growth London receives other accessions; every county of the United Kingdom sends its quota to the metropolis, and the aggregate number of the immigrants, according to the best estimate, ex ceeded 23,000. The probable increase of the popu lation was 54,000 in the year, or more than 1,000 weekly. There is a further movement of the population of the metropolis ; the natives leave in large numbers, and are replaced by persons born in other parts ; and again, man y immigrants who come to London return to their homes or wander elsewhere. The greatest migrations take place at the ages 20 to 30, when young people, unsettled, still maintain a con nexion with the homes of their childhood. Of 1,394,963 inhabitants of London of the age of 20 and upwards at the last census, 749,853 were born beyond its bounds. It is a vast stage, upon which the best of the population of the United Kingdom play their part, and then retire to country life, to foreign lands, or to the life beyond the grave. With the latter class only we have now to do in reviewing rapidly the diseases, the crimes, the neg ligences, and the accidents which have proved fatal. The population of London in the middle of the year 1859 was probably 2,774,338, comprising about 1,299,602 males and 1,474,736 females ; for there are 175,131 more females than males. This is the re sult of the excess of female over male immigrants, and of th• higher mortality to which men are ex posed. _ _ _ The number of children whose births were re gistered in the 52 weeks amounted to 92,556, of whom 47,189 were boys, 45,367 girls. Thus the beys born exceeded the girls by 1,822. The births were at the rate of 1,780 weekly, 254 daily. The births exceeded by nearly 4,000 the births in the previous year, and by 26,672 the births registered in 1845. The destruction of life proceeds on the same scale of grandeur ; 64,617 of the inhabitants of London died ; so if the dead of this single year could be brought to life they would people a large city. The deaths were at the rate of 1,185 weekly, 169 daily. _ _ 3i,451 males and 30,166 females died. The deaths do not increase at the same rate as the births, yet their numbers have increased since 1845, when the deaths of 24,496 males, 23,836 females were re gistered. Upon comparing the deaths with the estimated population, it is found that to 100,000 living 2,229 died in the year, the average deaths of the last 18 years being 2,439. Thas the mortality is nearly at the rate of 22 in 1,000, in lieu of 24 in 1,000. The number of births varied weekly ; 1,980 children, the greatest number, were registered in fxurth week of January; 1,578, the least number. were registered in the last week of September. The first number is 200 above, the last number 202 below the average. The deaths fluctuated diffe rently; in a week of June, towards the middle of the year, they fell to 913, and in a week of October to 902, or 283 below the average ; in the last week of December they rose to 1,677, or 492 above the average. The reproductive force thus acts most steadily ; the destructive forces having a greater range, and while they allow the mortality to sub side to some extent below, raise it at intervals much above the average. The mortality was raised above the average by the extremely cold weather of January and De cember ; the mean temperature of the two first weeks was low (35 deg. and 39 deg.), and the deaths rose to 1,338 and 1,429 ; again the tempe rature fell in the two last weeks but one of De cember to 28 deg. and 33 deg., and the deaths rose to 1,548 and 1,677 in the two weeks following. " Heat in our temperate climate also affects the mortality, and whenever the mean daily tempera ture rises above 60 deg. diarrhoea and other bowel affections prove fatal to great numbers in London. Thus in the sec on d week of July the mean average temperature rose to 71 deg., with a daily range of 30 deg. ; the registered deaths rose to 1,400 in that week, and to 1,605 deaths in the week following, when the mean temperature remained the same within two degrees. The mortality rose from June, now the healthy month of London, to July, and then gradually subsided with the temperature until October, another healthy month of the year. The effects of cold on the system appear to be direct and immediate • but the morbid processes to which they give ri se , Chiefly affecting the breathing apparatus, only terminate fatally after a certain number of days. , • The effects .. of a high temperature are sometimes immediate, as is notably the case in suu-stroke, or haat apoplexy, as it has been called; and as the loss of caloric by the system is greatly diminished, less of the combustible matter is consumed, so certain diseases are generated within, while others are produced by the changing organic matter in the air and water During the latter part of the year the chief masters and the men in the building trades of Lon don were in a state of open war. The masters closed their establishments on the Gth of August, and afterwards only employed men who would sign a document. The men refused, to the number, it was said, of 20,000. The conference of the trades societies distributed certain sums among their members ; and in the sixth week as many as 14,000 of them received allo an c e t;. These allowances were however, inadequate; the means and credit of many failed, the small shopkeepers, instead of £9 or £lO, took no more than £2 or £3 a-week from the families of the workmen. The distress became in some cases urgent, yet the struggle was protracted through the rest of the year. The wives evidently thought their husbands in the right, and suffered with them the pangs of hunger. A relieving officer thus writes on the Ist of September:—" I visited this man's lodg ing. He was out, but his wife was in bed, with scarcely a rag to cover her, evidently sinking from want. The room contained scarcely an article of furniture, and presented a most destitute, neglected and dirty appearance. She said, " We are starving. sir; we have neither fire nor food." "Why," re. " does not your husband go to work ?" " What !" she exclaimed, with considerable energy, " to become worse than a slave !" This distress produced ultimately a sensible effect on the mortality of the men and their wives. As long as there was bread, the poor children, however apparently had s it, until, weakened, cold, ill-clad, they at last died in unusual numbers, as the severe weather came on towards the close of the year. The tablos show the deaths in various branches of the building trades during three successive periods of six weeks. If the numbers in the first six weeks may be taken as the average numbers, the excess in the two following periods is considerable. Neither the additional workmen who came to town nor the weather will account for the whole of the increase. In recording the fatal results of this conflict we must regret its origin,%nd express a hope that for the future a better understanding and amore friendly relation will subsist between masters and men. The mortality in 100,000 living was at the rate of AS,VIZE INTELLIGENCE. NORFOLK CIRCUIT.-BEDFORD, March 14. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr. Justice - Williams.) MURDER. Joseph Castle was indicted for the wilful murder of Jane Castle, his wife, at Luton, on the 9th of August. Mr. Sergeant Tozer and Mr. Abdy were counsel for the prosecution; Mr. Henry Mills defended the prisoner. The learned Sergeant, in his opening statement to the jury, said that the case against the prisoner at the bar was remarkable for its extreme simpli city, and the facts were such as wolth'. be exceed ingly easy to arrive at a determination upon. All the circumstances connected with the commission of the offence showed great and careful premedita tion. The prisoner and the deceased woman had been married about two years, lodging in a house belonging to the prisoner's uncle, at 'Ware, in Hert fordshire. They had not lived happily together, and a day or two previous to the Bth of August there had been some wr ingling between them, and she had then determined to return to her mother. It would appear that jealousy on the prisoner's part was the cause of ill blood between them. The deceased accordingly on the morning of Monday, the Bth of August, left Ware on foot, accompanied by a young girl, a cousin of the prisoner, who car ried a bundle of clothes for her, " rep( atedly," as the girl said, " looking back, dreading lest her hus band should be following her." The girl left her at Hertford, and she then went on to Cromer Hyde, stopping two hours at the house of a person she had known before her marriage. She then got a lift in a waggon to Wickhamstead. Very shortly after she had left Cromer Hyde the prisoner was there making in quiries about her. .In the meantime the deceased had arrived at Luton, and then went to her mother's house. She slept there that night, and appeared in great distress. The next morning the prisoner came and found he: in bed at about half-past six o'clock, and endeavoured to persuade her to return with him. What passed between them that morning is not known, but at about half-past 10 o'clock they left her mother's house together, and were shortly afterwards seen ascending a rising ground called Sommeries-hill. On the side opposite to that on which they ascended is a mound and old chalk-pit called the Dell. Here it was that the body of the deceased was found before 12 o'clock that morning, about two hours after she had left her mother's house. The body when found was still warm and bleeding, the knees were doubled back under the body in a kneeling position. There was a superfi cial cut across the throat, and about the middle of this cut a deep stab, dividing the arteries and reach ing the vertebrae. There were some other slight superficial wounds, and some cuts in the hands, as if an attempt had been made by the deceased to wrest a knife from the hand of an assailant. There were marks in the road about 27 yards from where the body was found, as if a severe struggle had there taken place, much blood at this place, and tracks of blood thence to the body. Her shawl and bonnet were lying about six feet from her, and a small piece of the shawl near the place of the strug gle, from which place there were also marks of blood in a direction towards Sommer's-castle, and on a style across a footpath leading there. In a barley field, seven yards from the body, that after noon a knife was found covered with fresh blood. This knife was shown to have been used by the prisoner's uncle, and to have been used by the pri soner and the deceased while lodging, in the uncle's house. That same afternoon the prisoner went on to Welwyn, 13 miles distant, and gave himself up to a police-constable, sayin g, "I am your prisoner. I have had a row with my wife, and cannot tell what the consequence was." Shortly afterwards a constable from Luton arrived, and told the prisoner that he had come to take him into custody on the charge of murdering his wife at Sommeries. The prisoner replied, " Murder, murder !" He appeared much excited at the time, and ou his way back to Luton, while in custody, he said he had never been in trouble before in his life, and this would not have happened if she (meaning his wife) had kept away from Luton. On being asked where his wife was, he said, " I left her on the road-side, but she is found before now, I only struck her." The police man then said, " Your wife is dead, you have cut her throat." He replied, " No; if her throat is cut she did it herself; but she has cut my hand." There was some blood in the front of his trousers, and a fresh cut on the thumb and finger of his right hand, which was then bleeding. The mother of the deceased, on cross-examination, stated that her daughter had told her that her husband was a jealous man ; that on one occasion when she had attempted to leave him he tore her clothes to pre vent her coming a way ' • that he had shaved off his whiskers, and slept w ith knives under his pillow, and on one occasion had told her she had better leave him ; that he had strange feelings in his head and might do her some harm. Mr. Mills addressed the jury for the prisoner, and urged that the cuts on the prisoner's hands showed that a struggle must have taken place, and that the whole of the evidence was consistent with a supposition which would reduca the prisoner's offence from murder to manslaughter, supposing they were satisfied that she met her death by his hand ; but that there was no evidence to show that the blow was not self-inflicted; that the state of mind of the deceased was such as might have in duced her to destroy herself after a quarrel with her husband, and therefore the account he gave on delivering himself into custody was a correct de scription of what did take place, and which no other living person had seen. The learned judge having then concluded his summing up, • The jury found the prisoner guilty of wilful mur der, and sentence of death was passed upon him. THE MURDER 11V NOTTINGBA 21ISIIIRE The adjourned inquiry into this most painful case was resumed yesterday at Walkcringham, before the deputy coroner, Mr. Burnaby (coroner for the district) being present. Mr. Geo. Jones, solicitor (Newton and Jones, Retford), appeared to watch the inquiry for the prisoner. Evidence corroborative of the statements which have already appeared was given. John Cooper, police officer, was examined, and said,—l received information of the murder about seven o'clock on Tuesday morning, saw the body, and took the cravat off the neck. In company with Policeman Kew, we went first to Mr. Henderson's and then to John Fenton's. I said to Fenton, " Where have you been this morning, your boots look very wet. ?" He replied, " I've been up the garden." I asked to see the clothes he wore on Tuesday. He said he had these (clapping his hand on those he wore) trousers on. I thought his mother answered, "No, John, they are in the water." He (witness) then went into the brewhouse and found in a bucket these (the trousers produced). I told him I should take him into custody, when he said, " 0 Lord, Cooper charges me with murdering Speect r." In the prisoner's waistcoat pocket I found two pistol bullets and five gun caps. After search ing upstairs I came down into the brewhouse, and under the sink I found a tin bucket, in which were these overalls. The water was discoloured, being slightly red. Prisoner's boots looked as if they had been washed. John Kew, police-officer, gave similar evidence. —I searched the body of the deceased, and found there had been a dirty hand in the right-hand pocket of the trousers. The left was turned out, as was an inside or secret pocket. I saw Som e pistols found with deceas.N l ., on one of the nipples of which was a spent cap. While I had charge of Fenton in the room, he picked the trousers up, and tried to push by me to get out. He seemed agitated. Robert Sandford, superintendent of the Retford police, received on Wednesday morning, from Ser geant Cooper, John Fenton, who said he had been to Gainsborough market, and being " near fresh," got home about eleven o'clock, coming along the road as stated. He said; after leaving James Fen ton, he went home, and did not, after leaving him. see Char!es Spencer. I then charged _t . he prisoner with robbery and mu r d er , and he replied, " I am innocent of the crim e . Th e clothes I had on yes* terday were bloody, and my mother put them in water." The jury returned a verdict of " Wilful Murder" against JohVen ton. [AnvEnTisprENT.]—W e quote some i n t er e s ti n g C ure s without Medicine of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Constipation, Nervous, Bilious and Liver complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption and Debility by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food. Cure No. 49,832. — Worth= Ling, near Diss, Norfolk—Fifty years indescrib able agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and voinitings, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Revalenta Arabica Food.—MARIA JOLY. Cure No. 3,906. —Thirteen years cough, indigestion, and general debility have been removed by Du Barry'sexcellent Re valenta Arabica Food. Athol-street, Perth. James Porter. Cure 47,121.—Mi5s Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vtcarage, Wal tham Cross, Herts, a cure of extreme iervousness, indiges tion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure 48,314 Miss Eliiabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool, a cure of ten years dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irritability. In tins, at ls. 6d. ; Ilb., 3s. ; 21b., ss. 9d.; 51b., 125.; 121 b.. 265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, Londo n Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182 Piccadilly; Abatis, GO. Gracechurch-street • 4, Cheapside ; 63, and 150, Oxfoid street ; 330 and 451, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road. Also at Dubli n . Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburgh, Relines and Co. ; at Liverpool, Nixon and Thew; at Manchester, Sharp an d Scott; at York, Raimes, Blanchard, and Co.; a t South ampton, Randal l and Son. 1771. E LOSS OF ME N12111?0D SI'EAMER The Board of Trade has received the following . letter fr om th e agents at M i lford of the C i ty o f Paris, Waterford steamer, respecting the conduct of the commander of that vessel upon the occasion of falling in with the ill-fated Nimrod steamer, on the night previous to her fatal wreck at St. David's Head : " Milford Haven, March 10, 1860. " Sir,—ln answer to yours of the 6th, we beg to inform you the captain of the City of Paris reports to us that on his voyage to Waterford, on the 27th of February, he fell hi with and spoke the Nimrod. Inquiring if she wanted any assistance, the reply was, " What will you tow us into Milford for ?" The City answered £l,OOO. The Nimrod offered £lOO. Ihe captain of the City said it was out of the question, but he would tow her into Milford and leave the remuneration to be settled by the owners. This the captain of the Nimrod refused. The City remained by her some time, but all assistance was refused by the Nimrod. At this time the weather was moderate, and no apparent danger to either life or property. The wind was west, and Milford Haven quite open. St. Ann's Lights visible. She had all her canvas set and good steerage way on her all the time, and the only request the captain of the Nina- I rod made was for the City of Paris to report him at Waterford. We may add that the statement of the captain of the City of Paris is corroborated by his officers and crew, that he himself has been in our employ for the last four years, and a inure humane and trustworthy man does not exist; and we feel assured that had he for a moment contemplated tha awful calamity that betel the unfortunate Nimrod, no thought of money would have crossed his mind. Neither is it to be supposed the captain of the Nimrod would have al ' lowed the City of Paris to leave him had he foreseen the slightest danger either to himself or passengers. " We have the honour to be, Sir, " Your obedient servants, " FORD AND JACKSON. " T. Farrer, Esq., Secretary Board of Trade." Go u.N TR Y MARKETS NEWCASTLE-UPON TYNE—MARcK 14. The wheat trade since our last has continued firm, and to-day south country sorts were in improved demand at the extreme rates of Saturday. Flour a better sale at fully late rates. Barley scarce, and sold well. Oats steady. Beans and peas inquired for at higher rates. LYNN— A moderate supply and btu Last week's rates advanced fu barley a slow sale Old white 44s to 48s I Old red 42s to 455 New white ..... ..42s to 47s I New red... 39s to 455 lancli 13. ;iness considerably improved. My is for wheat. Beans and NEWARK. •MARCH 14. At this corn market the attendance of buyers and sellers was tolerable, but wheat came less freely to hand. Trade firm, at Is advance. Barley steady. White wheat, new, 48s to 53s Barley, grinding.. 27s to 301 Red do. 4Bs to 53s Oats, old, .. 2Bs to 331 Old white 5O. to 56. New,do 22s to 261 Red do. ' 45s to 49s Beans.. 46. to 508 Barley, malting.... 38s to 46s Beans, new.. 40s to 43s BOSTON-MARCH 14. We had a fair supply of wheat from the growers to day, the demand for which was steady, and at is ado vance on lath prices. All other kinds of grain sold readily. Wheat, red .42s to 45s Oats . 2os to 26/ White do .46s to 50s Beans ..46s to 48s Barley .31s to 37s Peas ....35s to 411 MARKET TIARBOROTJGH—Mancit 14. There was a rather less show of wheat, which met • brisk demand, at about former rates. White wheat, 411 to 478; red, 408 to 44s per 36 stone. Barley, old, 28s to 40$; new, 26s to 325. Oats were a fair inquity, from 24s to 34s per 24 stone. Beans (old), at 36s to 40s ; new, 31s to 401 per 33 stone. BRISTOL SUGAR—MIami 14. The sales this week have been confined to two cargoes of Demeraras landed here, and some parcels purchased in Liverpool for our refiners. Prices aro unchanged, but im porters are more firm. Rum continuos very quiet. COAL MARKET—MARcx 14. (Prices of Coal per Ton at the close a the market.) s. d. Walkr Prim- .13 3 Byass's Bebsida West Hartley . ..15 9 Howard's West Hart- .ixer Primrose Bell's Primrose l3 0 Walls End. ley 15 6 Tanfield Moor Butes l3 0 Lambert's West Hart- • Heugh Hall 19 0 Cassop 2O 0 Powell's Duffryn Stearn 22 6 Carway and Duffryn Malting Whitworth 15 6 41—Sold, U. ley 15 6 Wylam l6 0 Holywell 16 0 Burnhope 13 0 Ships at marke FOREIGN MAIL PACKET LIST. In the following table E signifles that letters are despatehei by evening mails from London, and 31 by morning mails. NSIt DESTINATIONS. I Despatch Port of Mail lof Mails. Despatch. due. —_, Australia and Mauritius, vial Southampton Mar. 12,3ISouthamp. April 1 0 Ditto, via Marseilles 'Mar.l9, E' , April 4 Bahamas and Havana via New; York INfar. 16, Ei Liverpool.. Mar. 1 6 Canada, &c. (by Canadn. pckt )'Mar. 11. Eh Liverpool.. Mar. li Cape of Good Hope, Ascen-! ) sion, and St. Helena 'April 5, EDevenport April 3 China, Penang and Singa-! I pore, via Southampton llar. 20, M; Southamp. Mar. 26 Ditto, via Marseilles Gibraltar, via Southampton .., _ Mar. 12 ,MSouthatnp. Mar. 2 0 Honduras and Blewfields .... Mar. 17, Ml Southamp. Mar. 16 India (Calcutta) and Ceylon, , via Southampton Mar. 20, M Southamp. Mar. 2 4 Ditto, via Marseilles 'Mar. 26, E Mar. 14 India (Bombay), via South-I ampton ,Mar. 27, M Southamp. Mar. 11 Ditto, via Ma rse ill es 'Mar. 19, E . 'Mar. 16 Lisbon, Brazils,Buenos Ayres,; and F. Islands !April 9, MlSouthamp. 'April 6 Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto IMar. 17, M Stidithamp. Mar. 11 Malta, Egypt, and Aden, vial Southampton i Mar. 20,M Southamp. overdue Ditto, via Marseilles 'Mar 19,E1 Mar. it Mexico and Havana Newfoundland !Mar. —,:E Liverpool—, United States and British N America (by British paek e t){ M ar. 14 , F Liverpool.. 1 ;Mar. 15 Ditto (by U. S. packet) !Mar. —, E Southamp. I West Coast of Africa, Ma-; dcira, and Teneeiffe Mar. 23 E Liverpool.. April It West India, California, Tene-1 zuela, Chili, Peru, Grey town, New Granada; &c. MANCHESTER UNITY OF ODD FELLOWS.—The annual meeting of the Widow and Orphan Fund attached to the North London District was held at the Howland street Institute on Monday, 46 delegates from lodges being present. In giving their report on the 21st year of the be ciety's experience, the managing committee stated that at th e commencement of 1859, 293 widows, 463 children, and 23 parentless children, we re rec i p i ents of the benefits of the f un d. During the year 58 widows were admitted as claim ants, and 31 declared of or had died ; 75 children also were admitted. and' 4 ceased to receive benefits, by attaining the age of 14, or from havin g died. At the close of the year, therefore, the pensioners o the fund were 325 widows, 467 fatherle , s children, and 20 orphans. SPO RTING TELEGRAMS.—Atrangements are ill progress for e rect i ng a telegraph office on the race-course a t Newmarket, and uniting it by a subterranean wire with the existing tele grap hi c esta blishment at the railway station. Until the last spring meetings information was conveyed through the town by hard riding, Lnd latterly the results have b een poste d on the course and observed with a power ful telescope frem the telegraph station. This plan has acted very well in clear weather, but failed when the atmos phere was thick and misty. [A DVEnTISE3IENTI—Mr. Benson, Ludgate-hill, has just Published a new illustrated pamphlet en watches (free by post for two stamps). It should be read by all who are about buying a watch, as it contains prices and important laforma• tion as to--What watch to buy ! where to buy it 1 and how to *se it! [AnvEwrisnmExT.]—Holloway's Ointment 'nd March winds are noted for producing great disturbance in the circulation, whence proceed Bronthitis, Sore Throat, Diph• aerie, and multitudes of ailments resulting from variable temperatures. A chill or cold should always have instant at• tention, or serious consequences may spring from neglect. All may rub Holloway's Ointment on the skin over the affected part with the certainty of mitigating previous sufferings, and averting all future danger. This Ointment penetrates the skin and revives the feeble circulation in subjacent organs, purifies the blood, and rectifies every function. In urgent and chronic oases, Holloway's Pills (taken whilst the Ointment is being used) expedite and ensure a speedy cure, which in most atoll will be thorough, radical, and lasting. B I 11 T II S. CHAMPNEYS.—On the 11th inst., at Slough, Bucks, the wife of Herry Montagu Champneys, F.R.C.S., of a son. HICIELEY.—On the 13th inst., at Feltham-hill, the wife of T. Allen Hie Hey, Esq., of a son. HUMPHRYS.—On the 13th inst., at Elm-lodge, Buraledon, Hants, the wife of William Charles llnmphrys, Esq., of a daughter. . MARRIAGES. BOYCOTT—ITUMPIIRY.—On the 13th inst., at St. Gregory'a • Su,. - 11,ury, Thomas Boycott, Esq., to Sophia Ann Gilson, the only daughter of W. Humphry, Esq., of Sudbury, Suffolk. WonsLEY—lirreHnisoN.—On the 13th inst , at Saint George's, Hanover- square , Arthington Worsley, Esq., second son of Sir William Worsley, Bart., of Horiugham Hall, Yorkshire, to Marianne Christina Isabella, youngest daughter of Colonel the Hon. Henry Heley Hutchinson, of Weston, Northamptonshire, and Upper Brook-street, Grosvenor-square. DEATHS. CADBURY.—On the 13th inst., at hi;residenCe, Edgbaston, Birmingham, Richard Tapper Cadbury, in the 92d year of his age. llrcirAm.—On the 14th inst., at 4, Craven-hill, Hyde" park, James Higham, Esq., late of the National Debt office, aged 58. JACOES.—On the 13th inst., at his residence, 19, Thistle grove,West-Brompten, Joseph Jacobs, Esq , R.N., aged 7t. LLOYD.—On the Bth inst., at Stapenhill, co. Derby, the Rev. George Wood Lloyd D.D., 67 years incumbent of Gresley, aged 92. ',ownorr : Printed and Published by PIIIRDO YOIINO, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 1 12 ; Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the oonntY " Mi lft!eßnir, Thursday, March 15, 1860, 1 i FL• to view teer Bal Eahibil and SA' On tl tiona, a exhibit 4 The rnissien during The d entrane PLC - 1 -: __ S male' C HI K don.—E 3 o'clool from 11 James' ■ Mr. J. DR and P, a One Shi Dr. K twelve Cavendi £1 A R( Band. principa past B,a mission, THE This EE elegane( with the EVENI W. M. approve past 8. Shilling G AND PR( T. — Nrc PRE -a- TIF and Din of VASE beantifu ter, Mar inanufac Majesty Mr. T MINER the Intel and GE PRA( RALOC K Ulna to Diseasel tion is a during 1 ING'S averting alike foi Prepa and I.oa. St. Paul DEFOE SIR,— renges t ]lave aff able to be very -A-4 RI being tl in Gre Scientil ME NT, praetis soot, th The " COVEI Debilit: of Ener Self-Di Ground Head a and M whole lIMT In or the Aul he will stamps Appl Bedford C A MI: Just T in a sent M~ Perfee 15, All TNT struct CHI Earl, CIL e Mai Follie CH. and 11 over a - CH. Gonoi The eases, Lotio: To lii "CI ghoul 23d y Z „ little whiel old al At Sund FOR Certi to ap ehro diari biltt —Dr land