The Sun. — London, England, 1860-10-31 00:00:00

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A Meeting - of the First Class Preference Bondholders will be held at the Guildhall Coff...T-hoge, rresham-street, City, on FRIDAY, the second day of November next, at One o'clock precisely. G. W. C. DEAN, 27, New Broad-street, City. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- SHREWSBURY . RACES, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, 13th, 14th, and 15th No , ember. First and Second Class Return Tickets issued from London (Paddington ~t ation), Windsor. and Reading to Shrewsbury on Monday, 12th November, will be available to return by any train from that place up to and including Friday, 16th November. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 31, 1860. NC. 21,307. PRICE 4D. ST, TD, s➢. PUBLIC ATIONS. TELE AMERICAN NAVY. probably unfit for conversion. She is said to be rotten. Her rate is that of a ship of the line, her as an eligible vessel for alter bable that the Ohio steam frigal yet figure in the register. " AT NORFOL " Business has not yet (I\ l l been concluded at Norfolk, but I give you the result of - labr sylvania, the Columba New York, will be ri subject of course to th dock survey; for it wo ships. The Columbia, frigate and corvettes, w ably of. The New Yo; to be altered. " The 84 gun liner Harbour, has not yet certainly be considered Con. It is pro -1 , 14 guns, may LONDON AND COUNTY BANKING COMPANY. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the Directors of this Company hare this day Opened a BRANCH BANK at their temporary premises, No. ?9, Shoreditch. By order. WM. 3PKEWAN, General Manager. London, Oct. 11, 1560. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., THE VALLEY OF A HUNDRED FIRES, By the Author of "MARGARET AND HER BRIDESMAIDS," ,tc. " This is, in ev4 ry sense, a charming novel, c)mbining all the talent exhibited in the author's previous popular fictions, and many new phases of talent whir.)hwill increase her popu larity a thousandfold."—Messenger. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. , Annexed is a list of all the vessels to be examined by the United States' Naval Board of Inquiry, com mencing with those at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where the Board was to assemble first : S iILING SHIPS TO 3E EXAMINED AT PORTSMOUTH. The line-of-battle ship Alabama, put upon the stocks 42 years ago, and never launched. She wa sin- 2,633 tons burden, and carrying 84 guns, of which only a few are on board. The Potomac.—The Potomac was built at Wash ington in 1821, carries 50 guns, and is 1,726 tons burden. She has been in ordinary for a long time, and several officers have pronounced her worthless. A survey, however, may reveal a different result. The Corvette Vandalia—This is a sloop of war of the second class, 783 tons burden, and carrying 20 guns. She has served actively for several years, notwithstanding which she was recently found to be in fine condition. She is hardly worth conver- yet (Mo ay, Bth, 9 a.m.) rfolk, but I an nevertheless our labou ere. The Penn- )us, the laware, and the -ecomme ed for conversion, he decisi of a critical dry )uld b nwise to pass rotten , Ra ` an, and Germantown, toil not be reported favour- irk and Delaware are certain N Orleans, at Sackett's been verhauled. She will worth of conversion. I wil recapitulate it for ►ded for conversion :—The in, the Pennsylvania, the SALE OF OLD STORES AT DEVONPORT. Admiralty, Somerset-place, 29th Oct., 1860. THE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTING THE OFFICE of LORD lIIGII ADMIRAL of the UNITED K INGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRE LAND, DO HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, That on WEDNES DAY, the 21st November next, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon the Admiral Superintendent will put up to Sale in her Ma jesty's Dockyard at Devonport, several Lots of DR. CUMMING'S NEW WORK. Now ready, in crown Bvo.. 7s. ed., REDEMPTION DRAWETH NIGH; OR, THE GREAT PREPARATION. tended to be 2,633 tons register, and to carry 84 guns. Her timbers are described as being in tolerable order, so that it is not unlikely she may pass muster. By the Rev. Dr. CUMMING. Also, Twelfth Thousand, in crown Bvo. 7s. 6d., THE GREAT TRIBULATION; or, The Things Coming on the Earth. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. OLD STORES, consisting of Old Rope, Shakings, Spun Yarn, Canvas in small pieces, Oakum, and Coal Sacks, &c., &c., &c., all lying in the said yard. Persons wishing to view the lots must apply to the Super intendent for Notes of Admission for that purpose. sicn, however. The Brandywine—This is another historic ship. Launched at Washington in 1826, her name is inti mately associated with the earliest events of our naval history. In the New York National Palla dium of August, 1827, we read of a famous race between the old United States and the Brandywine on the Pacific station, in which the United States was the victor. This Day, Cheaper Edition, in One Volume, Crown Octavo, 65., MADEMOISELLE MORI: a Tale of Modern Home. London : John W. Parker and Son, West Strand. Catalogues and conditions of sale may be had here and at he yard. 1 for LORD STANLEY ON EDUCATION. aREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- \-A ALTERATION of TRAINS fo" November. DOWN TRAINS.-The 6.0 a.m. train from Paddington will no , stop at Slough. The 7.15 a.m third class train from Paddington will start at 7.30 a.m. and will not stop at stations between Paddington and Slough. A third class train will leave Paddington at 7.15 a.m. for Slough and intermediate stations. The 7.45 a.m. train from Paddington to Windsor will be discontinued. The 9.45 a m. train from Paddington to the North and to the South Wales Line will start at 9.40 a.m. The 10.40 a.m. train from Paddington to Exeter will start at 11.0 a.m.. arriving earlier than at present. Third class pas sengers will be conveyed by this train to Exeter and stations on the South Devon Railway. The 11.0 a.m, train from Paddington will start at 11.10 a.m The 12 o'clock train from Paddington to Windsor will be discontinued. The 1.0 p.m. train from Paddington will start at 1.10 n.m. The 2.0 p.m. train from Paddington will be discontinued over the South Wales and Wilts and Somerset lines, and will be accelerated on the main line to Exeter ; arriving earlier than at present. The 2.45 p.m. train from Paddington to the North will start at 3.15 p.m. The 3.0 p.m. train from Paddington to Bristol will start at 2 .45 p.m. The 7.45 p.m train from Paddington to Windsor will be discontinued. A slip coach will be detached from the 8.10 p.m. train from Paddington for Slough and Windsor. The 9.30 p.m. train from Paddington will start at 9.0 p.m. UP TRAINS. -The 10.0 a.m. day mail from Bristol will start at 10.20 a.m., and will be accelerated to Paddington arriving at 2.5 p. m. , The 3.40 p.m. trahr from Bristol will start at 4.0 p.m. The 7.0p.m • train from Bristol to Swindon will be discon tinued. The 7.0 p.m. train from Weymouth will be discontinued. A train will leave Swindon at421p,p021-for Re.adingsoidling ite 7.. 0 a.m. train from Birmingham will stop at Reading, - and w[ll discontinue calling at Taplow, but a slip coach w ill be detached there. Tile 2.0 p.m. train from Reading will start at 1.15 p.m. A train will leave Reading at 8.0 p.m. for Paddino ton. The 9.30 p.m. train from Reading to Paddington will be dis- Continued. The 2.30 p.m. train from Windsor will start at 1.45 p.m. A train will leave Windsor at 8.30 p.m. for Paddington. The 7.50 p.m., 9.0 p.m., and 10.0 p.m. trains from Windsor will be discontinued. On Sundays.-The 3.0 p.m. train from Paddington to Wind sor will be discontinued. The 10.0 a.m. third class train from Bristol will leave at Ll 5 p.m., and will be later at all stations to Paddirgton. The 7.15 p.m. train from Windsor to Paddington will be discontinued. For minor alterations see the time tables of the Company for November. INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY, U. K. LECTURES, 1860-61. THREE COURSES of LECTURES will be delivcTed in the HALL of the SOCIETY on MONDAY and FRIDAY Evenings in the months of November, December, January, February, and March next, at Eight o'clock precisely. CONVEYANCING LECTURES, BY FREDERICK JOHN TURNER, ESQ., BARRISTER-AT-LAW. 1 and 2. On the Law relating to Mortmain and Charity. 3. On joint Tenancy and Tenency in Common. 4. On the Law relating to Advowsons—next Presentations. 5. On Rights and Privileges connected with Land. 6. Rents, and the apportionment of them. 7. The Rule in Shelly's Case. S. Trusts for Accumulation. 9. Powers of Tenants for Life—Waste. 10. On Conditions annexed to Estates. 11. On Titles—Conditions of Sale. 12. Review of the Subjects. EQUITY LECTURES, BY GEORGE WIRGMAN ESQ., BARRISTER-AT-LAW. The Jurisdiction of Equity in cases of Fraud and Undue In fluence. The Doctrine of Election. The Principles of Suretyship. Equitable Conversion. Equitable Charges. Forfeiture and Penalties. The Law of Domicile, and The Effect of Wills and Settlements executed by Persons resident abroad. COMMON LAW AND MERCANTILE LAW LECTURES, By FREDERICK MEADOWS WHITE, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. On the Law of Bailments as administered in the Courts of Common Law : Explanation of Terms.—On Bailments generally, and the several classes into which they have been divided. 1 By Lord Chief Holt in his judgment in the case of Coggs Y. Bernard—" Smith's Leading Cases," Vol. T. 2dly. By Sir W. Jones. idly. By Mr. Smith in his notes to Coggs v. Ber nard. sup. cit. The ouligations, rights, and liabilities of the bailor and bailee in the follol‘lng cases :- 1. Depositum. The bailment of goods to be kept for the bailor. gratis. 2. Mandatum. Where the bailee is to do something about the thing bailed, gratis. 3. Commodatum. The loan-gratis. to the bailee for his use. 4. Tedium. The pawn : and herein, of the special laws re gulating the business of pawnbrokers. 5. Locatio rei. The loan for hire to be paid to the bailor. 6. Locatio open's taciendi. The bailment of goods to have something done about them by the bailee for reward to be paid to him there for. And herein; of the law of carriers of goods and passengers by land end water. and. Of the "Carriers Aets ;" of the Law of Innkeepers, Ware housemen. Whartingers, dec. Lastly. The Cilminal Law applicable to bailees. For all the For each The Subscription payable— Three Courses. Course. By Clerks of Members By Clerks of Gentlemen not Members 3 0 0 1 10 0 By all other persons not being Members 4 0 0 2 0 0 ROBERT MAUGHAM, Secretary. Law Society's Hall, October, 1860. DAVTESON'S EVERLASTING TEETH.- THE LATEST DISCOVERY —'Mr. EDWARD DAVIESON, Surgeon-Dentist, has introduced a material for the construction of ARTIFICIAL TEETH so extraor dinary that nature appears to have made good the ravages of TIME, DISEASE, or ACCIDENT, and when fitted detec tion is impossible even though the wearer's mouth be closely examined. The price is so modepte that it is within the reach of all, and it is fitted without springs or other unsightly fastenings. The removal of stumps is unnecessary, and thus all pain is avoided. Mr. Edward Davieson Invites one visit of inspection to his establishment, which will convince the most sceptical of the truth and straightforwardness of this statement. The LIQUID ENAMEL, for Stopping Decayed Teeth, is ENAMEL WHITE, keeps its colour, and lasts for ever. It is invaluable for Front Teeth. Attendance daily from Ten till Six. Consultations free. Mr. EDWARD DAVIESON, Electric Telegraph Office, 448, West Strand, London. The descriptive pamphlets free for two stamps. PRESENTS.— ORNAMENTAL and SCIEN TIFIC. —ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library, and Dining-room, consisting of a new and elegant assortment of VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks. Inkstands, beautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &c., in I talian,Alabas ter, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &c. Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mineralogist to her Kaiesty, 149; Stand, W.C., London. Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS, MINERALS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly facilitate the interesting study of MINERALOGY, CONCHOLOGY, and GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas each. PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE . RALOGY is given by Mr. TENNAN r, at 149, Strand, W.C. ANEVER FAILING REMEDY.- Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr. sett of Bromley, Kent, area sure remedy for affections of the . liver, indigestion, bile, sick headache , giddiness , loss of appe tite, lowness of spirits, &c. They can be taken at any time, without any danger from wet or cold, act mildly on the bowels, without pain or griping*, clear the skin, remove sallowness an d Pimples, purify the- blood, brace the nerves , and invigo rate the whol e sy s tem. Sold by most druggists , in boxes , Is . lid. and 2s. 9d. each. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green Package, with " William Lambert, 20, Jermyu-street," en graved on the Government stamp. RUPTURES.-BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT._ WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS is allowed by upwards of 200 Medical Gentlemen to be the most effective invention in the curative treatment of The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects, is here avoided—a soft bandage being worn round the body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the Moc-Main Pad and P a t en t Lever, fitting with so much ease and closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, and the truss, which cannot fail to fit. forwarded by post, on the cir cumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being sent to the manufacturer, Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly. A Sinele Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., and 31s. 6d. Postage, ls. A Double Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Postage, 1s Bd. An Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. 64. Postage, ls. 10d. Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White, Post office. Piccadilly. ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, &c., for Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, Arm. They are porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on like an ordinary stocking. Price 35. 641., 7s. 6d., 10s., and 16s. each. Po9t wze 6d. JOHN WHITE. Manufacturer, 229, Piccadilly. "The temporary relief obtained by means of purgative medicines is purchased at the high price o f the ap.., - r avation and )f the perpetuating the disease. —HENRY, NO MORE PILLS OR ANY OTHER PHYSIC FOR CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION (DYSPEPSIA), PALPI TATION, NERVOUS, BILIOUS, AND LIVER COMPLAINTS, DEBILITY, DROPSY, EPILEPSY, PARALYSIS, COUGH, ASynm,t, CONSUMPTION,• BRONCHITIS, SORE THROAT, P ETERS. DU BARRY'S delicious HEALTH RESTOR ING REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD. which, at a few pence per day, saves fifty times its cost in Medicine, and cures without purging or any of t he uncertainties, annoy ances, and ruinous expenses incurred by medicine, cod liver oil, or visits to distant climates. Certificate No. 36,418.—We find it the safest remedy, An drew Ure, M.D., F. R.S. ; Dr. Harvey; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Shor land ; Dr. Campbell. We extract a few out of 56,000 cures : Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies of many years' dyspepsia. Cure No. 49,832. Of fifty years' indiscribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipa tion, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting Maria Jolt', of Lynn, Norfolk. Cure No. 97,121. Miss Elizabeth' Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Syderstone Rectory, near Fakenham, Norfolk of Indigestion and 'aver complaints. Cure No. 56,814. Mr. Samnel Laxton, Leicester, of two years' diarrhoea. Cure No. 180. Mr. W. Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London, of 25 years' nervous ness, ccnstipation, indigestion, and debility. Cure No. 4,028: Eight years' dyspepsi , , nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, Rev. John W. Flavel, Ridlington Rec tory, Norfolk. Cure No. 3,906. Thirteen years' cough, indi gestion, and general debility, James Porter, Athol-street, Perth. Cure No. 58,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool, ofaten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irritability. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, partial deafness. Similar testimonials from 58,000 patients who can be re ferred to. The p • 225., 2411)°°d is sold in canisters, 11b. 2s. 9d., 21b, 4s. 6d., 121 b. 101 b., 121 :0c ; super-refined quality, Sib. 225„ 101 b. 335. The Post-offt and 241 b. canisters carriage free on receipt of L ee on o d r o der by Barry Du Barry and Co 77, Regent street London ; A.bFortnum, Mason, and Co , 182, Pi ceaclilly, n ; _ bis, 60, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside ; 63 and 150, O xford-street 330 and 452, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate-street ; Batty, 16, Finsbury-pavement ; Phillips and Co. tea dealers ; Petty, Wood, and Co., King William -1/1"5'14414147, Jgh Holborn; and all grocer% a. GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR THE PANTHEON. D R. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo 'wearies' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as bove, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity, Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements of both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive ,indul gences Has Just published, price ls. ; by post, 13 stamps, 18 sealed, No. 4, An entire new and original Work, entitled OURSELVES. Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation Orig,in of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. Also, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange ments and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. The modern treatment of S yphilis, Stricture, Bl ennorr h ag i a G onor rhcca), Spermatorrhaia ; 111 1130teney, and all Diseases of he Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, 8,04 FEMALE. The Physiology and Anatomy of Women—Punotional Tr g reularities in Health and S ickness—Ch oice in Marriage— Their Expectancies and D isa pp ointments— Th .l Cause and Removal of the of S ri I s i t p No. 1. NGEVITY ; Yee—uTluhme .ThAeollsO,end Symptoms of Gesta tion—Use HEALTH HAPPINESS On Debility, Nervousness, Dys and pepsi LO a, and Indigestion, No. 2.: • LOVE AND MARRIAGE : Their Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments; Love Ind other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off mring secured. No. E. THE CASE BOOK : 100 Cases of SPERMATORRIREA , Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessions, and Cure by Cauterisations, Galvanism, Ste. &O. To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Authors. Advice to the Working Classes lee Half-a-Guinea. (SECIAL NOTICE. Dr. Culvsrwell is the P only legally qualified medical practi tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as above). CURTIS ON MANHOOD - NEW EDITION: A. MEDICAL ESSAY ON NERVOUS AND GENERA• TIVE DISEASES. lust Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates. in a sealed envelope, price le., Sold by all Booksellers, and sent post paid, by the Author, for 12 stamps, MANHOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE MATURE DECLINE with Plain Directions for Perfect Restoration to Health and Vizour. ByJ. L. CURTIS, 15, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, London. _ . CONTENTS: INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological Structure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs. CHAPTER ll.—Causes of Superniatorrlicea and Impotence; Early Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect. rrEit Review of the various Disqualifications whether resulting, from Youthful Abuse, the 'F'toCll.lAtlsersreirl4;aturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection. CHAPTER IV.—The Author's plan of Treatment, Medical a nd Moral, being th e re sult of a successful practice extending VI. on the m o d ern Treatment of Book concludes with numerous varied an d i nterest i ng iod of aces, to which is adde d the Author 's receipt of a preventive o G v o Ce n ri o l a r A rt ir 25 V 5 years. lindi ip The Booalls. Lotion. REVIEWS OF THE WORK. -- • - • - "Curtis on Manhood. —This is a trul valuable work, and should be in the hands of young and o l d." — " Sunday Times," 234 March, 1856. "The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this little work, in which is described the source of those diseases which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature old age."—" Daily Telegraph," March 27, 1856. Sold also by Kent and Co,,7Paternoster-rowCAlani, N COnthat We have so often warned the public against fancies and delusion on the subject of national edu cation that we are glad to see oar note taken up by so liberal a nobleman as Lord Stanley. There never was, in fact, a greater dream than that theory of the universal spread of knowledge which sprang up some 30 years, ago, and had its reign. It was a generous, a lofty, a magnificent vision, but still it was a vision, and nothing else,—something seen in the clouds; it was as much a fiction as Jack's world at the top of the bean stalk, or Aladdin's palace, or the fortunate Isles, or Araby the Blest. It was very proper and suitable for that day ; one may say that it was a lucky hal lucination, a profitable hallucination; it was a lift at starting, it was of great use in inaugurating and setting going the work of national education, which was then quite new. It has been said that no undertaking would ever be begun in this world if people had to start it in cool blood ; there must be some enthusiasm to start it, some imaginative im pulse, some fond illusion. If we only saw, to begin with, the actual results which we should produce at last, our optimism would be scandalised, and we should be apt to think it not worth our while giving ourselves so much trouble for so mediocre, however practically useful, an issue. The theory of the uni versal spread of knowledge, then, was a convenient delusion at starting; but, now that we have been working our undertaking some thirty years, we find the difference between theory and facts, We find all sorts of practical obstacles in the way, hin drances that we did not count on, urgent needs and motives, belonging to the drag of physical life and the necessity of supporting it: Ail this is against us. We must do as well as we can under the circumstances, and we may do a great deal, but we find out that it is a plain case of compromise ; parents want the wages of their boys ; boys them selves want to begin work and feel themselves some thing of men. Our sky, then, is now sobered in its tints, and we sport the maxims of maturity and ex perience instead of the magnificent but youthful sentiment of the early stage of the movement of education. "On whatever system or principle," says Lord Stanley, "you establish primary schools, there is one conclusion we must prepare for—we must expect that a very large proportion of those that attend them, leaving them at the age at which they do, will acquire nothing beyond the bare rudi ments of knowledge—the power to read, write, and cipher." This is looking facts in the face. We are far from wishing to make people despond on this subject, and we deprecate any reactionary inference, but we have all along asserted that people must see these facts at last, and therefore we are glad to find now that they do see them, and that Lord Stanley, as the mouthpiece and representa tive of men of common sense, formally acknow ledges them. The distinction again to which, under these cir cumstances, he calls attention—that our primary schools do not educate boys so much as furnish them with the means of educating themselves afterwards, when they have left r.chool, is, we think, a most valuable one, and we have frequently had occasion ourselves to impress it on the public mind. It is an important distinction, not only in itself, but be cause it tends to put people on the right tack in the search for higher education when they want it ; it tells them where this is to be found, and it saves a great deal of unnecessary and superfluous anxiety with respect to the preliminary processes of educa tion, a great deal of useless controversy, and a great deal of irrelevant speculation and scheming. " This fect being once admitted," says Lord Stanley, " I think this consequence follows—that the import ance which has often been attached to the particu lar system on which schools are conducted is very greatly diminished. Provided you can get the children to attend them, that the masters are com petent, and the discipline good, I, for my own part, care little how these schools are established, believing that they do not give education, but only the means of acquiring it hereafter, and the direc tion which the studies of the man will take is very little determined by the accident of the school he has attended." In another direction, again, and on another sub ject, Lord Stanley adopts a more modified view of the effect of education than has been in fashion lately. He speaks to a fact to which he has a right to speak, as a person officially connected with the criminal administration of the country, as Chair man of the Kirkdale Quarter Sessions, in which capacity he has had great opportunities for obser vation and reflection. Going upon his own expe rience, then, and upon cases that have come before his eyes, Lord Stanley evidently hesitates to say that the mere knowledge which is given by going to school has much effect in the prevention of crime. What has an effect in preventing crime, he say's, is that sort of intelligence and common sense which makes a man able "to calculate the consequences of what he does." He finds an ex traordinary want of this natural foresight and prac tical comprehension in the criminal class; " utter stupidity" he calls it, but he does not identify it with mere school ignorance, for" he does not mean to say that the mere power of reading and writing will make the difference" between the calculating habit of mind and the uncalculating one. This "stupidity" is rather a want of practical thought and seriousness, a levity, en obtuseness to the future, an absorption in the present,—a want, in short, of the proper rational character. Reason is essentially prophetic ; it looks beforehand, it forecasts, it fears, it surmises, it suspects, it shrinks from the unknown future except it feels a guidance and a clue. The sottish stupidity of the criminal class is exactly the opposite of this character of reason; it is a base insensibility to everything but the present, a want of fear of consequences simply because consequences are not taken into the mental range ; -it is an animal levity and desperation, totally contrary to the true intelligent nature of man, degrading him into a brute, handing over to the absolute dominion of a lower nature within him, consisting of blind instincts, impulses, and appetencies, the medium through which all-powerful fate magnetizes the wretch and hurls him to destruction. In the re marks we have had occasion to make from time to time on the character of the criminal class we have more than once drawn attention to this remarkable predominance of blind instinct in them, which, though they are doubtless responsible for the strength which they have allowed it to attain, has the appearance of being at the time irresistible ; so that th e y seem t o perpetra t e savage ac t s li tera ll y like brutes that h ave no t the powe r o f questioning animpulse, but obey it as a law. "In this way," says Lord Stanley, "the intellectual and moral de ficiency appear to g o t oge th e r, and surely from that it is ayeasonable inference that the more you can do to increase men's intelligence, the more you will lessen the amount at least of the grosser forms of crime." But this intellectual deficiency does not appear, as he says, to be a literary deficiency, but amore fundament a l one, res idi ng i n th e d ept h s o f his nature. Men of really good education and large knowledge may have this irrational, uncalculating blind nature in full force underneath all their gifts ; men of no education or knowledge may have the rational presc:ent nature in the greatest strength underneath all their rudeness and ignorance. But, so far as education has an influence on this alter native of character, its influence is doubtless on the right side, and the new interests and ideas which it supplies tend to elevate the reason and strengthen it in the conflict with animal nature.— Times. [ADVERTISEMENT.I — HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills Rheumatism, Geut, Tic - Doloreux.—Scarcely a week passes without our seeing, or hearing of, some friend stricken by those agonising maladies. The pain is situated in the joints, muscles, or nerves, whence it may be driven by fomenting well with warm salt and water, and. after dry ing the skin, let it be rubbed twice a-day with Holloway's soothing Ointment, which should also bo rubbed into the neighbouring glands. It is always advisable to take Hol loway's Pills in these disorders, as they much assist the Ointment's action. The Pills check fever, purify the blood, and eject all morbid matters engendered by these diseases. Not only will all pain cease, but the cause of these maladies will be dislodged. The Franklin.—This is the first American sailing man-of-war on which the novel process of " con version" was tried. Some years ago a survey de monstrated the advisability of propelling her by steam, when the Navy Department ordered the change. For some unexplained reason, how ever, the operations flagged, and she has remained ever since in statu quo. It is believed that the Franklin will be at once taken in hand and altered. The Cumberland.—This is a first•class corvette with two decks, having been cut down from a frigate a few years ago. She is 1,726 tons burden, carries 22 guns, and was constructed at Boston in 1842. She was flagship of the African squadron, and has been ordered for a similar position on the home station. As it is at this port that her battery will be shipped, there is a probability that she will be surveyed here also. The Cumberland is in good order. The Dale.—This little sloop is 566 tons burden, carries 16 guns, and was built at Philadelphia in 1839. It is not likely that she will be deemed worth altering. The Macedonian.—The Macedonian returned a few weeks since from the Mediterranean squadron. She made a serviceable cruise of over two years, visiting all the harbours of Southern Europe. She is efficient, carries 22 guns, is 1,341 tons burden, and was built at Gosport in 1836. The Santee.—This vessel is certain to be con verted. She was on the stocks for several years, and was launched some time ago, but has never done any ocean duty. She is 1,726 tons burden, is rated at 50 guns, and was built at Portsmouth. a - wt ti teave Swindon at 2.45_14,pu.f0 r -- e4";195 7_. 0 a . m, try;.• - This Day, Third Edition, Revised, 3.. 6d., THE SOUTHLANDERS : an Account of an Expedition into the Interior of New Holland. London: John W. Parker and Son, West Strand. Just published, price ls., new edition, by p os t 14 s t amps, THE SCIENCE OF LIFE : or, How to Live, and. What, to Live For ; Explanatory of the Mysteries of Man's Existence, and the various Phenomena of Life. With Instructions for Securing Health and Strength ; and Remarks on the Treatment of Disorders incidental to Seden tary Life. _ _ By a PIIYS ref AN of 20 years' practice. CONTENTS.—The Physical Education of Early Life—The Art of Prolonging Life—The Theory of Digestion—The Stomach and its Difficulties—The Cultivation of the Affec tions and Regulation of the Passions—Nervous Disorders, &c. &c. London : Mann, 39, Cornhill, and all Booksellers. T"E PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE fully explained in J. GROSSMITH'S " GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES." The cause is there predicated of the monetaiy difficulties ex perienced in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in busi ness has now become the grim torture. Purity of motive, intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin ciples." Kent and Co., late Piper and Co., Paternoster-row. Just published, price is., free by post for 14 stamps, THAND -BOOK to YOUTH, BEAUTY, -I- and REFINEMENT. An Essay on the Teeth and Complexion. By EDWARD DAVIESON, Surgeon-Dentist, 448, West Strand, London. Holyoake and Co., 147, Fleet-street, and all Booksellers. The Author may be personally con sulted daily from 10 till 6.—Consultations free.—Charges strictly moderate. The Fourth Edition, Just Published, Bvo, in cloth, price ss. by post free, ss. Bd. ON TRUE and FALSE SPERMATORRHCEA ; with the View to the Correction of wide-spread Errors in relation to the Treatment and Cure of Sufferers from De bility of the Generative system, or Sexual Hypochrondriasis. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. " Dr. Bickford is known to English readers by his frequent practical contributions to German medical literature. This is the first time, he informs us, that he has addressed himself to the non-medical reader. We trust that this may not be the last, if he shall detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his power to correct."—London Medical Gazette. " The editor has conferred a great boon on the sufferers from this distressing malady by translating this little book, and by laying bare the scandalous practices of unqualified adventurers, who profess to cure a disease of which they know nothing, with no other object than to fill their own purses. The difference between true Spermatorrhcea and the various forms cf disease which resemble it are accurately de scribed, and thus a safe guide is offered for the treatment of the malady."—Medical Circular. " We have dilated so long upon the contents of the preli minary chapter, that we have scarcely left ourselves space for any notice of the subject specially treated of by Dr. Pickford ; but the moderate price at which the •brochure' is sold, places it within the reach of every one interested in the matter."— Dublin Medical Press. London : H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. RUCKLEY'S SERENADERS TO-NIGHT at 8, Saturday Afternoon at 3, at ST. JAMES'S HALL. *** Full Programmes and Books of the Words may be ob tained at the Ticket Office, open daily from 10 till 5, 28, Pie cadilly. Stalls, 3s. ; Area, 2s. ; Gallery, is. DR. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, opposite the Haymarket. OPEN DAILY from 12 till 5, and from 7 till 10. PROGRAMME OF LECTURES FOR OCTOBER. Three and Eight p'clock—Tll effects of various avocations upou H ea lth, with Pictorial Illustrations shown by the oxyhydro. Light, and the Oxyhydrotzen Miscroscope. Nine o'clock—Half an hour with the Mediums and Spirit- Rappers, with numerous experiments. Admission, ONE SHILLING. Dr. Kahn's "Philosophy of Marriage," and his new work on "Woman, specially considered in her relation to the Married State." Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick-lane, Paternoster-row, E.C., price One Shilling each ; or either sent free by post for 18 stamps direct from the Author. Ad dress, 17, Harley-street, Cavendish-square, W. ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly RE-OPENED for the WINTER SEASON for PRO MENADE CONCERTS, with the following powerful cast, consisting of selections from Il Trovatore, Martha, Lurline, Huguenots, L'Etoile du Nord. &c. Dancing at Ten o'clock. The Original Band, established ten years. Conducted by M. LAMOTTE. Admission, ls. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, HIGH HOLBORN.—The above popular and splen didly-appointed BALL ROOM, with its various elegant re freshment rooms, is NOW OPEN for the Season. The re cent elaborate decorations and improvements have rendered this the most fashionable and popular rendezvous of the metropolis. 11Ir. W. M. Packer's celebrated Band performs nightly selections from favourite operas and the latest and most fashionable waltzes, &c. Doors open at eight o'clock. Admission, ls. DR. BUCHAN'S PATENT SUGAR-COATED VEGETABLE PILLS, VEGETABLE SKIN OINT MENT, and CONCENTRATED VEGETABLE ESSENCE, for purifying the Blood, Regulating the Bowels, and removing Vitiated Humours, Bilious and Liver Complaints, Rheuma tism, Gout, Scorbutic Affections, Costiveness, Skin Erup tions, deep-seated Ulcers, and all diseases of the Nervous System, from whatever cause, .55c., affording at once a new lease of life to the sickly and aged of both sexes, whilst in addition imparting a beautiful and clear complexion, so anxi ously sought for by all. Proved by the sworn testimonies made before the Lord Mayor of London, and sitting Magis trates. Sold by Buchan and Co., patentees, 22, Newman-street, Oxford-street, London, W., and all chemists in town and country. Prices :—Pills. per box, ls. Id.. 2s. 9d., and lls. ; Ointment, per pot, Is. 10., and 2s. 9d. ; Essence, per bottle, I la., or family bottle containing four times that quantity, 335. Agents :—Barclay, 75, Farringdon-street ; J. Sanger, 150, Oxford-street Hannay, 53, Oxford-street; Butler. 4, Cheap - side ; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London-bridge ; F. Howden, 78, Grae,echurch-street ; Prout, 229, Strand, Jrc. Just piibliShed, gratis, or post free for one stamp, to be had of all Agents, and at 29 Newman-street, Extracts from Dr. Buchan's Work, entitled, BTJCHAN'S DOMESTIC MEDI CINES, being a Book of Reference, containing instructions for the cure of every ailment incidental to man, woman, or child. VESSELS AT NORFOLK. The United States.—The conversion to a steamer of this vessel, known in the navy as the " Old Wigwam," will perpetuate the existence of the first-born of the American navy. The United States was built at Philadelphia in 1797, and was con sidered at the time she was launched as rivalling in elegance and perfection of naval architecture any ship of her size that had ever been built. She was launched amid the greatest rejoicings -40,000 spec tators having been attracted to the scene. One hun dred vessels were drawn out and anchored in the Delaware, the docks being covered with companies invited by their owners, and 500 boats and barges were filled with men, women, and chi!dren, to wit ness the event. She is described as being partially rotten, but no thorough investigation having been made in regard to her it is possible that a sufficient portion of her hull may be sound to justify the ex pense incident to the proposed alteration. Old Ironsides —lt is to be hoped that this splen did old ship will pass inspection. She was recently ordered from Portsmouth to Annapolis, to act as schoolship. She is now in the roads of tl e latter harbour. The Constitution, built at Boston in 1797, was also launched amid similar demonstrations of joy and in the presence of thousands of spectators. She was pronounced a superb specimen of naval ar chitecture, combining the unity of wisdom, strength, and beauty. The useful service and brilliant career of this noble ship have verified the good opinion and confident predictions pronounced at her birth. It is a remarkable and interesting fact that these two ships—the United States and the Constitution, the first two built for our navy—after 62 years of unremitted, faithful, exposed, and successful ser vice, are still existing, and in active and efficient employment. The first days of the Constitution were not her best days. Her glory was acquired, as all true glory is, by gradual and solid steps. She was at first, with the opponents of the navy, a sub ject of reproach and slander, because she returned from a long cruise without having made any captures. The French ships of war were at this time depredat ing on American commerce, and the decree of the French Directory subjected all American vessels to seizure which had on board British goods or pro ducts, or which had sailed from British ports. The good ship was judged unfairly, however, and her gallant commander (Nicholson) unduly reproached. She has been compelled to operate within prescribed limits, and really had no opportunity to distinguish herself. The Pennsylvania—At the time the Pennsylvania was launched she was the largest naval vessel in the world. Being over 3,240 tons burden, and destined to carry' 120 guns, it is little wonder that the advent of her huge hull into the watery ele ment, which took place at Philadelphia in 1837, drew thousands of spectators from all sections of the Union to the Quaker city. A brilliant future was anticipated for her, but was not realised. She never passed a harbour light but once, and never was out of sight of land at all. Her total service consists in having sailed from Philadelphia for Norfolk, where she has been anchored as a receiving ship since her arrival. She came near being lost on her short voyage, a fact that probably made the authorities nervous about sending her to sea again. She is said to be almost rotten, but a proper survey alone can determine whether she is really so or not. The Columbus (Liner) —The Columbus is a 2,40 0 ton line-of-battle ship, and has done some squadron duty in her day. She was the first large man-of war ever constructed at Washington, and the last. Her launch took place over 40 years ago; yet it is supposed that the materials for a good steamer may be got out of her. The Delaware—Like the Columbus, this is a ship of the line, 2,633 tons burden, and was originally intended to carry 80 guns. We have not been able to learn the accurate condition of her hull, but fear that she will be condemned and broken up. The New York—The New York is another of the unfinished liners. For nearly half a century she has occupied a huge ship-house in the Gosport Navy-yard, no Administration ever deeming it advisable either to complete or break her up. She was to carry 80 ' guns, having been ordered at a time when there was a mania for 74's, as all big war ships were called ; but the enthu siasm of Congress cooled down before her work had been three months going on, and no appropriations to finish her have since been made. A steamer can probably be constructed from the materials of her hull. The Frigate Columbia.—The frigate Columbia is 1,726 tons burden, was built at Norfolk in 1836, and carries 50 gins. She has been a most useful vessel, having cruised in every squadron. She was attached to the home station during her last ser vice. It is thought that the Columbia is in good order, but the practicability of making a steamer of her is questioned by constructors. The Raritan.—This is another serviceable ship, and has done a great deal of active duty in the Pacific, Mediterranean, and Gulf Squadrons. She is 1,726 tons burden, carries 50 guns, and is said to be sound. The Raritan was built at Norfolk in 11843. The Corvette Germantown.—The sloop of war Germantown was built at Philadelphia 14 years ago, is 932 tons burden, and has an armament of 22 guns. She was recently ordered to be prepared for active service, but whether the new edict will cause operations to be suspended has not transpired. The Germantown is in fair condition. She made a useful cruise on the Brazil station, in command of Capt. Lynch, of exploration notoriety, and subse quently cruised in the Chinese Seas. NEW YORK YARD. The North Carolina.—This line-of-battle ship is AT PHILADELPHIA. The Jamestown and Saratoga—These are two sloops of war in tolerably efficient order, and both undergoing repairs for sea. Neither of them would be worth converting, in our opinion. The St. Lawrence—The St. Lawrence is a first class frigate, 1,726 tons burden, and carries 50 guns; she was built at Norfolk in 1847, and has been ac- tively employed most of the time since. She re lieved the Savannah on the coast of Brazil in 1856, and was replaced there by the Congress in 1859. She is in good order, and may be converted. AT CHARLESTOWN. MASSACHUSETTS. The Vermont (Liner)--The Vermont is a line-of battle ship, 2,633 tons burden, carrying 84 guns, Her condition has not been reported for years, so that it is impossible to predict what may be the de cision of the Board with regard to her. The Ohio—The Ohio is another 84,tPud has been a receiving ship at Boston for some years. As her timbers are supposed to be worn out it is not pro bable that she will be recommended for alteration. The Virginia—This is a ship of-the-line, 2,633 tons burden, which was put upon the stocks at Chtraestown in 1818, where she has reme - 7ned, like the New York, Alabama, and New Orleans, with out having ever left the shiphouse s , A steamer bear ing her name will, possibly, be noade from her mate. rials. The Vincenn es.—A second class sloop of war, 700 tons burden, carrying 20 guns. She recently returned from the coast of Africa in charge of a naval surgeon, all the other officers entitled to com mand having been unavailable. She was constructed in Brooklyn in 1826, and can hardly be in a state to pass inspection. SACKETT'S HARBOUR. The New Orleans.—The New Orleans was never launched, having been on the stocks since 1815. She was the first line-of-battle ship contemplated for the navy. As she occupies a ship-house, her timbers may possibly be used in the construction of a new steamer. The tonnage of the New Orleans was to have been 2,805, and her armament 84 guns. The above are all the vessels at the navy yards that will be brought immediately under the notice of the Examining Board. There are now in squa drons the corvette Savannah, frigate Sabine, sloop St. Louis, sloop Preble, sloop Cayanc, sloop St. Mary's, sloop Levant, frigate Congress, sloop Constellation, sloop Portsmouth, sloop Marion, sloop John Adams, and the Independence, Warren, and Fredonia at San Francisco, of which about half a dozen will be considered worth convening. We have purposely omitted all mention of brigs and steamships as not coming under the head of the sailing ships to be overhauled. If the Board should decide in favour of remodel- ling any considerable number of the vessels named Congress must make extra appropriations for the purpose, as it would be impossible to liquidate the incidental expenses :from the money at present at the disposal of the Navy Department. Work at the several navy yards promises to be brisk for years to come if the proposed changes are carried out. The Norfolk correspondent of the New York Courier and Enquirer writes on th;s subject : "I herewith send you a brief account of the doings of the Naval Board which was recently engaged at the several naval yards. Its deliberations are not concluded just yet, but the nature of its deci sions is known. Future cogitations will relate only to the method of altering the vessels which have, as you call it, passed inspection.' It may not be out of place to say that a dry dock investigation into the soundness or rottenness of the different vessels will be made before the process of altering any of them begins. I believe, however, that every one recommended for conversion is sound generally. " On the 13th of September I received orders to join Commodore Storer, Commodore Stringham, Chief Engineer Archibald, Chief Engineer Ish wood, John Linthal, Esq., chief of the bureau of construction, and Naval Constructor Delano, who were appointed members of a board of naval offi cers, engineers, and co aqtructors, ordered to exa mine into the condition cif the saging vessels of the navy, and the cost of giving them, or any of them, with the expediency of making such a change, in view of the cost, condition, model, and character of such vessels so altered. Having reported myself, we set out at once forPortsmouth,N.H., from which place I wrote you. " VESSELS TO BE CONVERTED AT PORTSMOUTH. " The old (or new) liner Alabama was brought under our notice a short time after our arrival at Kittery, Me. (which is also at Portsmouth, N.H.), and we left not a crevice of the craft unexamined. She has been 42 years on the stocks, notwithstand ing which we concluded to recommend her as being worth converting ; she will make a splendid steamer of the first class. " The Franklin also received due attention from us, and we decided, in a very little while, to ' pass' her. This vessel was once before recommended for conversion, and operations were commenced on her, bat were never completed. She is the most likely to turn out well of any yet overhauled. , g The Cumberland, Dale,and Macedonian were not considered as fit to be made steamers of. The San tee, a frigate, never sent to sea yet, caused some discussion, but will never, I presume, be propelled by steam. " AT NEW YORK. " Much as we would wish to perpetuate the old Brandywine, the frigate that carried home to France the brave Lafayette, her beam is too limited, if she were otherwise acceptable, to make conver sion practicable with her. She is therefore destined, as well as the Potomac and Vandalia, to do the remainder of her service as a sailing craft, if she should ever go to sea again, which is doubtful. " The North Carolina liner will probably be put down among the ' passed' vessels ; and if a dry dock survey demonstrates her soundness she will become a steamer. " AT PHILADELPHIA. " There are no vessels at Philadelphia worth the cost or trouble of conversion. The St. Lawrence, Jamestown, and Saratoga are in good order, but are not at all adapted for being propelled by steam. The arduous process of cutting them in two could hardly be successfully accomplished. They will therefore remain sailing ships. " AT BOSTON. " Twelve years of exposure to the deleterious influences of a navy yard ship-house have not ruined the line-of-battle ship Vermont, which never performed a service that could ' point a moral or adorn a tale.' She has been considered well qua lified to become a propeller, and will doubtless make an efficient one. " The Virginia, also an 84 gun line-of-battle ship, that has never yet been launched , may be num bered among our future steamers. She is or was destined to be 2,633. tons burden. u If the Ohio is sound there are no objections to " Thus ends the list. you as follows : " Vessels recommeni, 3rsion :—The Alabama, the Franklin iylvania, the Delaware, the New York, the North Carolina,. the Vermont, the Ohio, the Virginia, and probably the New Orleans, or every line-of-battle ship in the service. " You will observe that no frigate Or corvette has passed muster. The cause of this is, they have not beam enough, and are, to use a maritime phrase, too dead' to undergo the operations incident to conversion. If Congress approve of commencing the proposed change early in the ensuing year, look out for lively times at the Navy-yards, particularly at those of Norfolk and Boston." (From aCI , nndent Pr 1 11 e Times.) ZICE, OCT. .22. I wrote you but a short note from Ferrara to acknowledge your letters, which reached me a fter I had posted mine from Verona, and now I can ;tell you many experiences reNtive to Austrian Italy, which could not be written c the other side of the Po, as you are well aware that the Austrian police is much given to open and inspec, f letters. The next ten days will be days of intenst.` anxiety for the fate of this newly reviving country, since, kidging from all appearances, the Austrians love eve,"3" in. tention to cross the frontier and attack the St Ira nian territory ; at any rate, they are making all the necessary preparations for such a move. The rail road thro ug h th e F r i u li to V en i ce was a lmost el. tirely approp r i a t e d to t h e carr i age o f t r oops ani: military stores, one train a day only, and that pre-- carious, being allotted to public traffic ; and we found the other railway, on the Verona side, occu pied in the same manner. Enormous 'Waggons full of ammunition, &c., encumbered the stations and thundered through the streets. Fresh bodies of troops poured into the towns by night—tramp, tramp along for hours, and were dispersed' Ant the country. Every village and farmhouse in the remotest corners swarm with them. New fortifica tions have risen on the Lido and in the lagunes around Venice; the Lido, indeed, is completely metamorphosed, and turned into a vast fortress. As for the country itself it is becoming a desert ; towards the frontier especially the aspect is most' strange. A young man is scarcely to be seen-- they ' emigrate to the other side 00.4 to ch eck this exodus, their tyrants have invented within these last two months a new tax ; they exact 2,000fi. from the commune from which any young man is missing, but in the ruined state of society they are not likely to get much by this last specimen of insane oppression. They act as if they were inspired by the demon of extermination, crushing and trampling out every germ of possible prosperity. Directly a man is known to be a clever workman, like the artificer I mentioned in my last, he is watched and persecuted and bullied in every act of his life ; thus suatess ful trade is impossible. The landlord of the --• at V-, told us he was fined 6 florins a-day direet on the proceeds of his inn. The spirits of the' people rise and fall as they think the prospect of joining their liberated brethren is near or remote. Hope has buoyed them up during the summer, but lately their chances have looked very black. They say it is impossible things can continue as they are, but Austria will not relinquish her diminished Italian possessions without a fierce struggle, even if she does not attempt to recover what she has lost. The Austrian Tyrol is growing more and more dis affected, and the Hungarian soldiers are a constant source of perplexity. During our sojourn at Venice there was great alarm in high quarters in conse quence of all the guns at the Lido being found. spiked one morning, by some Hungarian regiment it was said, and desertions are frequent. We met outside Padua two fine young men, who had been caught in the act, on their way to be shot ; they looked proud and sullen, but not a bit cast down or ashamed. At Verona we used to be very mrich amused at the table d'hote, which was like a mews composed entirely of Austrian officers, very aristo-. cratic-looking men, tall, and some of them hand some. The siege of Ancona was a frequent topic at table; they seemed to have a great idea of the Sardinian fleet and of the Admiral, Persano, who stands high in their estimation. If they can only get up an efficient fleet in time, the Italians may yet be able to cope with the double-headed eagle, but every moment is of consequence. We travelled in a wretched diligence from Padua to the Po, through squalor and misery; the change across the water is magical ; a well-appointed vehicle was in waiting for the passengers, end never was any scene so completely metamorphosed as Ferrara, which of course you remember as the dullest and stillest of towns—a city of the dead. Now it is full of life and bustle, bidding fair to become, as it was in old days, one of the richest of Italy's rich trading marts. Mr. L— having sundry acquaintances, we stayed there a day and heard all the news. Directly the stifling duties on trade were repealed an enormous traffic instantly sprang up in the staple produce of the surrounding marsh--- hemp. Their country, the Ferrarese say, with im proved modern agriculture, is capable of growing any amount of this necessary article, and their visions of future wealth are golden—" When we have Padua and Venice," they say. Meanwhile, there are no more prisoners in the former crowded gaols ; no more beggars in the former grass-grown streets, of which they used to be the only occupants. All are contented and thriving, and they are well pleased to send their sons to the wars. They say it is better than keeping them at home to starve, as they used.. " We will die sooner than return to the old yoke," is the universal sentiment. At Bologna we heard somewhat of the shadows as well as the lights of the new regime; there must be dark as well as light in all pictures of life. Great sacrifices have had to be encountered for the patriotic cause in fortifying the city, and many other ways. The beautiful villa you have heard me describe of our friends the Gozzadinis, at the summit of one of the hills overlooking Bologna and the plain to the Adriatic, has been taken, with many others, to form a series of fortifications which they have been busily throwing up the past year. The Marchese Gozzadini had spent his life in embellishing this place ; he had planted rare trees, which were grow ing to perfection ; his house, his garden, his trees, his park, are all levelled or cut down. Altering the laws is also a great stumbling-block and cause of offence. Nevertheless, the tide of vigorous life and energy is evident equally at Bologna, a W nd will bear down all obstacles to future prosperity. e remained there over Saturday- to see Marliani and other deputies, just returned from attending the Parliament at Turin. Almost all the available troops are gone down to the South. These northern towns are defended by the National Guard alone. They have only one y dep e completed; depends srtioonn theo f t co rps d'arntee to watch the Austrians on the s id e of;theMincio; their fortify the fi e c t a e t e io f n l s ta ar l e Neapolitan not h , e i i s r i fi n e disorder.e , that The sa cast of a die—on the will of Louis Napoleon. If the Italians can escape the presentaidnvehreseocpoennjunfocr ture of affairs, a glorious future w them. Nothing can exceed the prospect of material prosperity liberty has brought them, but they want railways, before all things, to connect the dissevered States. Of course, the necessity of applying all their resources of men and money to war purposes prevents their carrying on the lines with energy. They are working at them, however, as fast as their means permit. The line between Bologna and Florence is greatly needed to obviate that tiresome transit of the Apennine. The weather is magnificent—quite hot still. The summer in these parts has been remarkable warm, and the vintage first rate; the vine disease has dis appeared, and the wine made is unusually rich ; the common people think much of this, and consider it a good omen. At Ferrara I was told by Professor Benzoni that records exist in the archives of a simi lar visitation 150 years ago, when the malattia lasted 10 years. This has only lasted seven. Among the sights and sounds of free Italy are newspapers cried about the streets, two bajocchi the sheet, very well written and moderate, generally containing their own long extracts from English pap ers ' affairs, and often the leading articles from the on Times. - A SEAMAN DEVOURED BY A SHARK.—while the b ra e f t o l r i e . barque Jessie, from Quebec and Fernando Po, was lying at the latter port, a seaman, named William Looney, a native of County Cork, went on shore for a few hours. 'laving g i n t l u i t f e r s o missed the return boat he script off his jacket and waist coat, tied them up in his handkerchief, which he carried in his mouth, and plunged into the sea, intending to swim w hich lay about three ships' ts(h)otrhee. slhiir had been in the water but a few le n% a large shark was seen approaching. A cry was raised - the seamen on board, and two gallant fellows ' by the boat and made every effort to extricate theirintaPed into from the awful fate which awaited him. Lo companion swam for life, straining every nerve t Looney literally monster, which drew nearer and nearer 0 escape from the was, however, all in vain ; the shark every instant. It ex hausted seaman, and those on deck overtook the seeing a companion swallowed by were horror-stricken at The shrieks of the poor fellow this monster of the deep. ,within a few yards were h when seeing his assailant heartrending.—Cam b ria n. (From the Times.) The Americans are feeling the first puff of the hurricane which has been sweeping over the States of Europe. They are setting their house in order, leok:ng to their national defences, and surveying their Navy. The report of the proceeding is a curious one. We publish some of its details in another column, that it may be seen how little ad vantage in such matters a democratic Government possesses over an ancient monarchy. The two Portsmouths, though situated in different worlds, are 99 like as two peas. The stories of ships kept for years on the stocks, or launched at last only to be kept for as many years in harbour, might have been told from our own dockyards. Costly fabrics lefi; half-fin'shed, or stopped halfway to be " con verted" into fabrics of another kind ; fine men-of war eaten up by rot, old vessels which have done an infinity of work without ever breaking down, and new vessels which have broken down without doing any work at all; vest stores of things un serviceable, and a considerable lack of the particular things wanted—these are the discoveries to which we are pretty well accustomed on this side of the Atlantic, and which are now recognized just as naturally on the other. The fact is that within certain limits the results are unavoidable. We are overtaken in our work by the inventions of science, and before we have completed a structure on the principles last approved we find that fresh princi ples have superseded them. There is one point, however, which the obser vant reader will not fail to notice. Not a syllable is said in the American report about casing ships of war in iron. It is clear that we have only imper fect accounts of the survey and no account whatever of the deliberations or conclusions of the Commis sioners, but still we are told so much that a funda mental proposition like that of substituting iron for wood would hardly have been omitted from the report if it had entered into the original design. Not a hint, however, is given to this effect. As far as we can see, the American Naval Board is simply desirous of turning old sailing ships into new steamers, and cutting down useless eighty-fours into screw frigates. This is all the more remark able from being entirely in opposition to the usual policy of Americans. They have generally been the first to seize upon a novelty, and eager in adopting new principles or designs. They surprised us in the early part of the century by building vessels of far greater power than we had ever known before ; they have recently launched a batch of experimen tal frigates, expected to be the strongest in the world, and they put, a steam-ram on the stocks long before Adaliral Sartorius had introduced that machine to the notice of the public. Moreover, the schema of casing ships in armour was un doubtedly brought under the cognisance of their authorities some years ago, though it was never approved. Whether they were dissatisfied with their experiments, or whether they relied upon their Dahlgren guns to pierce any ship's sides, we cannot say, but as a matter of fact they have never taken up the new theory, nor do they appear to be embracing it now. We are not making these remarks in disparage ment of our own conclusions. These conclusions we believe to be sound, for nobody can now doubt that iron plates can be made to give most valu able, if not absolute protection to a ship's side. That our authorities have been wise in acting on this conviction is perfectly plain, but it is not so plain that they are going to work in the best way. Since we first called the attention of the public to the question three additional ships of the new class have been either laid down or bespoken, but they are all upon one model ; whereas it seems very doubtful whether the model is the best, and more than doubtful whether we have taken the right means to arrive at the truth. The experiments of the Admiralty appear to have been all directed to the point which was already clear, while they left untouched the point which was in volved in uncertainty. For 'month after month our officials hammered away at iron plates with heavy guns until they learnt what might have been assumed at a much earlier period,—that, though no armour is positively proof against all projectiles, good iron sheathing will repel all but the luckiest or most ponderous shot. But as regards the more difficult problem of combining this armour with the seagoing qualities of the vessel so protected they do not seem to have instituted any experiments whatever. No iron-cased ship has been so much as floated to show how such a fabric would sail or steam. We are willing to suppose that the end less trials at " target-ships" did supply certain hints on other points besides the strength of iron plating, and we are aware that the new frigates in process of construction have been alteredfrom time to time, in accordance, probably, with information thus acquired. Nevertheless, .we must be still working in the dark, whereas five ships, at £350,000 each, constitute a speculation on which it would be very advisable to throw a little light. The Ad miralty people seem to be now perfectly satisfied with the Warrior. That model, as finally ,erehre rected, is to be the type of our new ironi d Black Prince is a sister ship, and on the lines es and from the very drawings of the Warrior are the three other ships, one at Chatham and two in pri vate yards, to be laid down. The Warrior, for There , are still, how ever, many points in dispu te. structure, whereas instance, is a very complicat ed simplicity usually gives b u tter promise of success. Then her sides are thought to be too straight. It is not merely with references discussed, but as a point to the impact of projec tiles that this question i involving the p ro p e r adjustment of weight. If the sides of an i ron-cased frigate are sloped inwards, the enormous weight of her guns and armou r would be brought centre of more to the of the fabric , and the motion of the vessel would be easier. On the other hand, itis said that th e ang l e adopted in Jones's model would offer no pr o t ec ti on aga i ns t the waves, but would leave th e vesse l to b e w ._ was hed over like a rock at half-tide. We have no desire to dogmatise on a subject so uncertain. It is a case in which we must feel our wa y ; but, as the stake is important and the in vestment by no means trifling, we should like to make sure of our steps. If a single vessel, such as the Warrior, had been laid down directly after the trial at Kinburn, we might by this time have had an iron-cased frigate at sea, and we should have ascertained from the only safe experiment how far the application of iron armour could he conveniently carried. As it is, we have uo specimens of the new fabric at present, whereas by and by we shall have five at once, which may, no doubt, be five examples of success but which may possibly be five failures. That is the only doubt we entertain. The new in vention, if it proves really practicable, must re dound to the advantage of England. It will enable us to develops our inexhaustible resources of ma terial, and to economise these resources of which the supply has been found less certain. It will throw the demand more upon iron and less upon men. Even the money cost of our Navy will ulti mately be reduced, and it is only the " infan3y" of the new system which need inspire us with any alarm. That phrase, however, is ominous. In the case of steam it brought a deluge of hopeless and apparently endless extravagance, and, unless we take timely precautions, it may do the same in the case of iron, i2s iOs EBs As