The Sun. — London, England, 1859-11-08 00:00:00

POPULAR EDUCATION IN LANCA- SHIRE. • The prizes awarded by the Council of the East Lancashire Union of Mechanics' Institutes were dis tributed on Saturday evening, in the Peel Institute at Accrington, under the presidency of Lord Brougham. There were also present—Lord Stan ley, M.P. Sir J. P. Kay Sh u ttl ewort h , M r. H . Chester, ill.. W. Fairbairn, the Rev. Canon Rich son, Mr. E. W. Watkin, and many influential in habitants of the town as well as visitors from a distance. The Rev. Mr. KENNEDY (Inspector of Schools), in introducing the candidates, said, the distinguish ing features of the East Lancashire Union of Me chanics' Institutes were the considerable amount of attainments required from the receivers of prizes, aid the great number of teachers whose services were engaged. (Cheers.) Among those who received the prizes were a number of young women and girls. Lord BROUGHAM was greeted with prolonged cheering on rising to speak. He a id,—l am sure I need not say how gratifying must have been the statement of our rev, friend Mr. Kennedy, the in spector, and the presentations to these pupils of the prizes which they have so well deserved. Mr. Ken nedy 'has justly said that two more important ob jects cannot be conceived than those of this great association of East Lancashire Mechanics Institutes, —apprentice libraries, and establishments of every kind for the benefit of the working classes of the community. (Cheers.) In the first place, as he well observed, this is not a mere dilettante examination, a nominal sham inquiry, to test no merits,' to re quire no qualifications, as the excuse for giving prizes, but the exhibition of highly important qualities; in fact, the most important of all, but not those which those examinations are meant to apply to,—namelt, good moral conduct and character. (Hear, hear.) These are effectual, real examinations of intellec tual capacity and of industrial progress in learn ing, and this is that which first of all distinguishes this institution. The other peculiar circumstance is a most important point in education, perhaps the most important of all in sem,r;,,, ngnt discipline (without which teaching will be of no practical avail in forming character and influ encing conduct)—l mean a sufficient supply of teachers. (Hear, hear.) I do not know that I have ever been more gratified in all my labours connected with education than with hearing of the large proportion of teachers which there are in these schools—J may say not merely double, but three fold the number I have generally known to prevail in such establishments. (Hear, hear.) How im portant this institution is, leads one to inquire into Its history and success, and it is most gratifying to find that, though it has only, I think, been in exis tence three years, it has been going on constantly increasing year after year. The first year it in creased from 400 and odd to 800 and odd ; the next year from 800 and odd to 1,200 and odd. The number of persons attending and the number of candidates for examination have increased in a much greater proportion, the number in the first year being 20, in the next year 95, or very nearly fivefold ; and in the third year 168, or very nearly eight times the first number. (Cheers.) I look upon this increase with pleasure, because success is always to a certain degree a test of merit. The merits of this association require no test to satisfy us of them, hut it is highly satisfactory to find that its success has been in proportion to its deserts. It could not have been greater than those deserts, but it has been in proportion to them. (Hear, hear.) I really know not w h y I s h ou ld detain you by any general observations, having exhausted the imme• diate business of the evening, but I must add a word respecting the last class of pupils who were called. (Cheers.) Nothing can possibly be more highly in teresting, more deeply important to the best in terests of society than the education and general training of women. Upon that depends whether the working man shall have a good housewife for his wife, whether his children shall have a good mother to attend them, whether his home shall be- made comfortable and happy to himself, and thereby a formidable rival, and the best pos sible rival, raised to another place, of which other place I will not go further for the present than to say, it neither has the comforts of home nor the in nocence of home, nor the instruction, and sound re laxation, and refreshment of home ; but its enjoy ment is obtained by the sacrifice of the domestic duties, by robbing the wife and children of the pence which are spent there to support the indul gences obtained, and, in return for those indul gences the health of mind and body alike are un dermined, and ultimately are totally subverted. (Hear.) There has been in some quarters a great complaint, which, however, ie not founded on fact, of my having declared myself at the Bradford Social Science Congress a convert to the Maine Liquor Law. I did not declare that I was a convert to the Maine Liquor Law. I said that we were not prepared in this country for anything of the kind, that it would take a long time to prepare us for it, but that the greatest care should be taken not to encourage intemperance if we did not discourage it —nay, that the greatest care should be taken by all lawful, moderate, rational means to discourage it ; and that the public mind being prepared (which I am afraid it will not be until after a long course of discussion and controversy for its enlightenment), then, I did not say the Maine Liquor Law, but a legislative repression, should be applied to the sale of intoxicating liquors, which fill our gaols with criminals and our workhouses with paupers. (Loud cheers.) It is always disagreeable, as well as un profitable for the cause one supports, to commit any exaggerations. It is an old saying that you dimi nish all you exaggerate. It is like turning the tele scope round the wrong way, so that, instead of bringing near the objects of your view and making them appear great, you make near objects appear distant. That is the consequence of exaggeration; therefore I would carefully avoid it ; and yet I have very high authority on the subject to which I have been referring—the authority of one of the most eloquent preachers who ever appeared in this country-1 would say the most eloquent preacher, and I speak from having read his sermons and from having had the advantage also of hearing him upon one occasion. When I went with my late lamented friend Lord Denman, the Chief Justice, to hear Robert Hall—(cheers)—I can only gay that, at one part of the admirable sermon which he then preached, we both, as by one impulse and of one accord, turned round one to the other and said, " Plunkett !" which was comparing him to the greatest orator of late times, who since Pitt, Fox, and Sheridan have been no more, is the greatest orator by much who has been known in this coun , try. (Cheers.) Well, Robe r t H a ll was applied ti one day, by a reverend friend of his who called upon him in the course of the morning, and who was fatigued with his walk, to give him a little brandy and water. " I will," said Robert Hall, 4‘ if you will give it a right name." " What is that ?" asked his friend. " Distilled damnation." (Loud cheers and laughter.) Now, Robert Hall is a man of great eloquence, and may be allowed to exaggerate a little, which Ido not. I give you this as an instance that I might have gone a great deal further with high authority than I did at Bradford upon this subject. Now, I must observe that this report which is before me contains one very satis factory circumstance, in showing that the attention of the association is directed to the cultivation of the faculties, the tastes, and the understandings of our brethren, not in manufacturing towns, but in the country. There can be no doubt that farm ser vants, with the entire consent of their masters, ought to receive books fitted for their pursuits, increasing their knowledge of plants, or materials for manure, and of the effects of water and moisture in cultiva tion. All those subjects are most germane to the matter of their employment. But there is no rea son 'whatever why they should confine themselves to those. More general subjects are desired by them and their employers, and I hope and trust that they will find in other parts of the community a favourable answer to their application and obtain the aid and encouragement which they seek. I en tirely agree with what was said at a late great meeting at Manchester by a right hon. friend of mine, I mean Mr. Disraeli —and my noble friend (Lord Stanley) was present at the time —that the country people ought to be considered as well as the inhabitants of the ()Teat swarming towns in Lanca shire and Yorkshire, and that those country people are fitted to make p rog ress and to . rise, as he justly it)said, by the union an d partnership (I think he called a Integrity and n ute lect---- h just as fit as others (Cheewho more generall cr owd backL city th or the town. rs.) When lYloo k great changes that have taken place all over t e hi g s the subject of education I am in no little de g ree rYon astonished at the difference which 50 or 60 years have made. As an instance, I will quote the ex ample of Mr. Burke, than whom there never was a man of more enlarged understanding, better exer cised by study of all kinds, who took more ample and"generally speaking, more sou views of a ll subjects, from the most genera l to t he most minute, with one exception—perhaps I must say—in which the soundness of his views does not appear to have been the same—l mean the violent prejudices which he entertained on the subject of the French Revo lution. Though carried much too far, those preju dices had a most natural and lawful origin in the horror which was felt by all good men—i ndeed, by all descriptions of men,, at the dreadful atrocities I which marked the earlier stages of that drama. ' With that exception, a more enlarged view, a more sound understanding, or one more practised by study than Mr. Burke's never was bestowed upon a human being. (Loud cheers.) Yet, marvellous to tell, in all his productions, whether in his speeches or in his printed discourses or in his printed publications, we cannot find, or, at least, I cannot recollect in the many volumes that I have read, any one allusion to popular ignorance or the necestity of better teaching for the people. It is clear and dis tinct what a great change has taken place since his day. I will venture to say that no man, had he lived in our time, would have more applied himself to this subject than Mr. Burke. He might have differed with us in being alarmed at one time, and at another time in thinking that we carried it too far, but that he should have been silent upon it, that he should, to use a fashionable phrase, have "ignored the subject," was utterly and absolutely impossible. (Hear, hear.) We are now come to a state of things when it can no longer be said that mechanics institutions are of themselves fitted to attain those great objects for which they were 25 or 30 years ago founded. They have in a great mea sure succeeded. They have given rise to other in stitutions, better adapted to some classes of the com munity than those. But at that time, when I was a humble supporter of Dr. Birkbeck, the founder of mechanics' institutes—(cheers)—l was clearly of opinion, and strongly urged in an address which I published, of which I have lying before me the 20th edition—an address to employers of workmen, and to workmen, upon education—that the establish ment of mechanics institutes was a necessity, where they could be had; or lectures, where there were the means of obtaining a lecture-room, and paying for lecturers ; but that, where these could not be had, a great sciod, an important service was ren dered by hiving libraries, reading-rooms, and newsrooms for the people. (Cheers.) I remember it was said that there was a great difficulty in establishing these institutions for want of ap paratus. But it was singular, when you came to consider it, how much might have been done with very little apparatus indeed, and it is worth consi dering. " Great progress may be made with very cheap and simple experiments. Indeed, some of the most important, if not the most showy, are the least costly and complicated. By far the grandest discOveries in nn+nr.i .-;-- „ naraly any apparatus. A pan of water and two thermometers were the tools which in the skilful hands of Dr. Black detected latent heat. A crown's worth of glass, three pennyworth of salt, a little chalk, and a pair of scales enabled the same great philosopher to found the system of modern chemis try, by tracing the existence and the combinations of fixed air. With little more machinery the genius of Scheele (the 'great Swedish chemist) created the materials of which the fabric was built, and antici pated some of the discoveries that have illustrated a later age. A prism, a lens, and a sheet of paste board enabled Newton to unfold the composition of light and the origin of colours. Franklin ascer tained the nature of lightning with a kite, a wire, a bit of riband, and a key. To say nothing of the great chemist of our own day (Davy), of whose most useful, perhaps most philosophical discovery, the safety-lamp, the principle might have been traced with the help of a common wire fireguard, even the elements of mechanics may be explained by an ap paratus almost as simple. To take one instance, the fundamental property of the lever, and I may say of the whole science, may it not be demon strated by a foot-rule, a knife, and :a few leaden balls of equal size ? The other mechanical powers, which for the most part are resolvable into the lever, may be explained with almost equal ease ; and after all, it is those principles that practical men must require to have unfolded, and their applica tion to mechanism illustrated by figures and in struments." I have been committing a plagiarism. I have borrowed this passage ; but i t is an inno cent theft, for it is a theft from myself. (Cheers.) It bears, therefore, the same relation to common theft that suicide does to murder. (Cheers and laughter.) I have once more to congratulate you upon the spectacle to day of these young men, chil dren, I may say, of both sexes, in their enlarged, promoted, and protected studies and it is a most sa tisfactory circumstance that they are not generally dependance, but th a t, genera lly s p ea king, their parents provide the costs of their tuition. (Great cheering.) Mr. HARRY CHESTER, of the Society of Arts, gave a lengthy exposition of the system of exami na tion introduced by that body during the last few years, and moved the following resolution : "That the system of annual public examinations of can didates for prizes, whether conducted in provincial unions of institutions, or as offered to the whole country by the Society of Arts, affords a means of testing the efficiency and stimulating the efforts of the evening classes, and of enabling employers of labour .to select from the best con ducted youths attending them such as show by talent, in dustry, perseverance, and good conduct that they deserve confidence." Lord BROUGHAM, in the course of Mr. Chester's speech, interposed to remark that the word " so ciology," applied to the movement of the Social Science Association, had never been used by the promoters of that body. (Hear.) Mr. H. Moon seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously. Lord STANLEY, who rose amidst enthusiastic cheer ing, said,—My noble and venerable friend in the chair—and when I speak of Lord Brougham I use those epithets not as words of courtesy and of course, but as expressing the universal feeling of this country (cheers)—my noble and venerable friend has anticipated some of the topics upon which I intended to have touched to-night ; and you have heard from Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Chester, and Mr. Moore details which their long experience and official position render more accurate than any I could furnish. I stand before you personally as a stranger, not indeed in this county, but in this dis trict. I am acquainted with the proceedings of this East Lancashire Union of yours only through the means of the printed report, and since we have long ago got past the time when people felt it ne cessary to talk generalities in defence of the prac tice of giving instruction to the people; since we have learnt for the last quarter of a century to take all that for granted, I really feel some difficulty, in the absence of local knowledge, in knowing whether you will consider what I am about to address to you worth the hearing. This, however, you will allow me to say, before touching on any other sub ject, that I beg to congratulate the people of this town upon the unexampled spectacle which this hall affords to-night. You have here present one who for 60 years has been the foremost champion of the educational cause (cheers), and in days wfv_li that cause was not, as now, a means of popularity, but met with bitier opposition in many and very important quarters. You have here men who, like Sir James Shuttleworth, Mr. Kennedy, and Mr. Chester, have, in little conspicuous, but still public positions, given years of energy and labour to that movement. You have here in what lam told are numbers very unusual, the operatives of this and the surrounding towns. You have also on this platform for the purpose of paying due honours to prizemen of the working class, and of promoting and extend ing, so far as in them may lie, the education of that, class, and assembled in numbers greater than ever before for any educational purpose, those who repre sent the science, mechanical skill, enterprise, and capital of these East Lancashire districts. (Cheers.) This is a sight which, anywhere and at any time, would be very satisfactory. It is the more grati fying now, at a time when not only in this, but in all parts of the country, the relations between em ployers and employed are the subject of anxious and sometimes, I fear, acrimonious discussion. (Hear, hear.) It is doubly gratifying, because it shows that, here at least, the employer on the one hand, and the operative on the other, feel how closely and intimately their interests are united, and how both feel that the relation between them cannot be one merely of bargain or contract, but must rest upon the firmer and more durable busis of personal interest jind example. (Cheers.) From the able summary of the proceedings of this asso ciation, of which I hold a copy in my hand, I col lect that the object of this East Lancashire Union" is, I don't say identical with, but generally simi lar to that of a kindred and perhaps rival society established in another part of this county, with its head-quarters at Manchester, and of which a meeting was held no longer ago than Tuesday last. There may be wide differences in manage ment and detail, but the leading fundamental idea, I take it, of b o th assoc i at i ons, i s the same—to give strength, spirit, sold encouragement, to a num ber of small educational establishments, scattered up and down th e coun t ry (i n your case over a circle 20 miles across), by uniting them together, by sup plying them with a common centre of action, by encouraging a mutual and healthy competition be tween their respective members, by enabling them to obtain the services of a better class of teachers than they could singly and separately command tmtandhh majority obpryihtbenefitsoibringingaotifh ae lsi e. characteristicsthe I associatedefixn p d i r t i experience nn stated,cos e ft t o t t fi e i suo a rn c tahs are,set o bartchet asafrom the e or almost necessarily must be, very small • that they con s i s t f or the most part of evening classes, a library, and a news-room, and, as I learn with more th an ord i nary satisfaction, that though, of course, assistance from the wealthier or middle classes is not refused when tendered, still these institutions are not in the habit of relying on that aid, but are supported and carr i e d on mainly out of the subscriptions of those who we them, and out of the wages of the working men. (Cheers.) Long, I trust, may that independence continue. It is the best and surest guarantee of the permanence and success of the work on which you are engaged, and it is the same spirit of inde pendence and preference for self- help over help offered by others that, shown as it has been by all classes in this Country, but more especially by the working class, has made England what England is to-day. (Cheers.) There is generally observed a natural and to some extent harmless tendency in places originally established for purposes of instruc tion, to become places of amusement instead. lam told that here that is not the case ; that those who frequent your evening classes do so with the pur pose of obtaining instruction, and that the kind of instruction they seek is generally speaking of a practical and even homely character, sought with a practical object and fitted to repair the defects of their early school teaching, and fitting them for situations of confidence and trust, and so enabling them to raise their social position. Looking also to the class from whom the members are taken, I find it stated that the great majority of your sub scribers are factory workers—that is, they belong precisely to that class in society for whom these institutions were originally destined. The ages of the great majority range between 15 and 18, thus including the times when common school teaching is at an end, and when the mind still retains so much of the vigour and freshness of youth as to be most capable of acquiring and assimilating new ideas. I trouble you with these matters of detail be cause it is just such points as those to which I have referred that constitute the whole distinction be t wcen the efficiency and inefficiency of an institu t ion of this character. (Hear.) Looking at the ages of those who are receiving instruction, the class from whom they are taken, the generous, popular character of the teaching given, and the willingness of its recipients to pay out of their own, it may be, very limited funds for the advantages they are con scious of deriving, I am satisfied on the evidence of these reports that your education is founded on a sound and solid basis, and that the work it is doing is real and genuine work. I am still more encou raged in that belief by those statistics of progress to which Lord Brougham has referred. I won't trouble you with figures; but it is an easy thing to recollect that whereas your candidates for prizes two years ago were only 20, they were last year 95 and this year 168. making tau luta. cam. of that' tagan-und in less than 24 months. The attendance at the evening classes, moreover, has, I think, more than doubled within the last 12 months ; and I am particularly glad to observe that the average of at tendance has increased in a more rapid proportion than the number of members, showing a great im provement in regularity. These are slight but, so far as they go, real and valuable indications of pro gress. Of course, in such an undertaking, as in any other, you can h ave no absolute security of success, or perfect guarantee against failure; but we are en titled to judge of the future by comparing the pre sent with the past, and taking that test, the East Lancashire Union appears to be making a steady, rapid and continuous advance. (Cheers.) It is pro bably needless to explain to you the special and characteristic advantages of that system of uniting institutions formerly isolated which you have here organised and set on foot. In the first place, it gives, if one may say so, greater importance and dignity to the work on which you are engaged. Fify or 100 small institutions collected into a single organisa tion fill a much larger space in the public eye than any one of them or all of them taken separately and singly. In the next place, it is only by bringing to gether a large number oupils, whether from one place or many places, that you can obtain enough of them, who are interested in the same class of subjects, to secure a real and effective competition for prizes. Thirdly, if in any place a new experi ment in the way of teaching has met with great success or failure, all the other institutions in union obtain the benefit of the experience so acquired, in a manner which, but for this connexion between them, would be impossible. Lastly, and it is to this perhaps that I should attach importance most of all, a dozen, or still more 100 institutions in union are able to afford that which no one of them can, to pay for first-class teachers, to retain their exclusive services, to bring them, if necessary, from distant parts, and to employ them, as I understand is your practice here, in going round from one in stitution to another, teaching, perhaps, on one, two, three, or more days in the 'week, and so not only directly instructing the pupils themselves, but showing the local teachers, whom you must call in to assist on other occasions, how instruction may most effectually be conveyed. (Cheers.) That being the system which you adopt, there can be no doubt that it simplifies, so to speak, your means of action, and enables you to produce a very consider able result with a comparatively small outlay. If this experiment of yours succeeds, and the progress you have made during three years of your expe rience is destined to continue, not only will yon have given a great stimulus to the educational move ment in these parts generally, but you will have applied it exactly in the manner most required. (Hear, hear.) Something has been said to-night about the provision made for teaching in schools. Whatever may be the faults or merits of that sys tem of school teaching—though I don't think it all perfect—l wish to do it all justice, and Ido not think that in the actual constitution of society it gets fair play. Parliament votes about three-quar ters of a million for schools for the instruction chiefly of the children of the working class. Nearly twiee as much, or perhaps a million and a-half more, is contributed for the same purpose, partly by the parents themselves, and in much greater measure from the benevolence or sensibility of those inte rested in this cause. Now, what happens ? A very large number of our working children go to school, they attend while there pretty regularly, and they learn to read, to write, and to cipher with tole rable ease. But if you take the average of Eng land through, the schooling of children ceases between the ages of 12 and 10—I am afraid nearer 10 than 12. (Hear, hear.) They read or learn no thing more ; what they have picked up at school is apt to be quickly forgotten ; and probably I should not be overstating the case if I said, speaking per haps of the agricultural districts rather than these, that of every three, or perhaps every two lads who at 15 are able to read and write, with tolerable comfort to themselves, only one can do the same when he reaches the age of 25. (Hear, hear.) Now, what is the effect of that ? Why clearly that of this large sum voted by Parliament, and of . the vast sums added by private exertions, a large proportion is, for all practical and ultimate results, as absolutely wasted as if it had been thrown into the sea. (Hear.) To some extent, you cannot prevent that state of things. Young men and lads who have their bread to earn ma.y or may not study, but they must work. (Hear, hear.) From a very early time, their days are taken up with their daily work, and if any in struction is to be provided for them at all, it can only be by the means of the evening school. It is precisely that form of instruction which you provide here, and beyond supplying the school, you afford an incentive and inducement to attend it by your system of examinations, the competition for prizes, and the public honour and respect which on occa sions like the present you pay to intellect, industry, and culture. (Cheers.) These honours are, if I may so say, a sample and a foretaste only of the more substantial distinctions which later life pre sents to those who are competent to obtain them. You whom I address are Lancashire men, you know the conditions of life in these swarming regions of the north, where every man, be he rich or poor, is a worker, and where fortunes are made with hardly less rapidity than in America or Australia. You will own, therefore, how false and foolish is that belief, sometimes entertained in ignorance, sometimes it may be professed to be entertained with no good purpose, that England affords no scope for the so cial ambition of the working man. I believe that one of the most interesting volumes that could pos sibly be written, which when it is written,' ought to find a place in every hamlet, and almost in every cottage, would be a biographical record of a few select instances, at least, of those eminent and illustrious persons who, in various occupations and departments of life, have raised themselves from the ranks. Many a story might be told in such a volume that would buoy up the courage and cheer the heart of the struggling operative in his most distressed hours. (Cheers.) But you need no such volume to recall to your recollections the fortunes and the fame of the elder Stephenson, you do not require to be told of the rise end of the wealth of Arkwright, and, above all, you in these districts, and meeting in this hall, know well, and history will record, what was the origin of the family of Peel. (Cheers.) You may say, no doubt, that these are remarkable instances. Remarkable instances they are, exceptional instances I believe they are not, I believe that there is net one town, westward from here to Liverpool, or if you look eastward, over the hills, there is not one town in all the West Riding where you may not find at least some one or two men who are wealthy and powerful, men who are large employers of labour, men who per ihtei nnhaa early hh s yo ee a wi r vins e feoee m rci.eis a ea. g tmrny istrates, and men wh o are l oo k e d up to which 1h 11 which sh h . e e tor y hre e2 r iyos e : s . i t d ai reside, afterwards ee fewhook therefore, t became maybe se a ac v ya e i a n e chance for all i( l eilh i ndl Cr eotw e afh . rhe7 lt is but a chance, no doubt. Many competent men must doubtless fail, and by no fault of their own, while in the uncertainty of human affai rs it may happen that some who riave not equally deserved fortune unaccountably, and even undeservedly, succeed. But whatever may be these uncertainti es o f f ortune, it is something at least to know that to educated and intelligent men the door stands open, and the course is.cleared. It is something to know, as was lately said at Man chester, that to every man the opportunity comes once in his life—(cheers)--and something still to be assured, as t am confident are many of those whom I address, that if the opportunity comes it will not be missed through ignorance, or apathy, or sloth, while, unhappily, if it should fail to come, we -at least have had the consolation of knowing that the failure arose from causes above and beyond your con trol, and that you have not been unfaithful to your own destinies. (Loud cheers.) Lord BROUGHAM—There is a circumstance which I must state in justice to Professor Craik, of Belfast, and -it is the more fit that I should mention it, because he is now a candidate to succeed Sir David Brewster, at St. Leonard's College, St. Andrew's. My noble friend, Lord Stanley, has very naturally suggested a work which I think ought to be pub lished under the title ho suggests, and no longer, under the title of Mr. Craik's work—" The Pursuit of Knowledge Under Difficulties." It was pub lished under that title 35 or 40 years ago by the Useful Knowledge Society, and the consequence .is that many persons are not aware from reading the advertisement of it merely that it really is a bio graphy of self-raised men. I was then president of that society, and I suggested that title, and it would have been better, and more descriptive of the thing to have called it, " The Biography of Self-raised Men,"—men who were the " architects of their own fortunes." It applies to all countries as well as to England, Scotland, and Ireland. My opinion is, with my noble friend, that it would be much better to cull out of that work the biographies of self-raised men—the Watts, the Arkwrights, and so forth, belonging to this countrv,and to have them in a small separate volume under that title,. which is more descriptive of the thing than the title which Professor Craik's work now bears. (Cheers.) The Rev. Canon RICHSON, on presenting a prize, which was the gift of Mr. Adderley, M.P., said, he must explain why he felt especial pleasure in being on this oocasion the medium of that gentle man's generosity. Eight years ago Sir J. K. Shuttleworth and himself (Mr. Richson), with a number of influential and leading gentlemen of Manchester. were very earn nativ ene.aAa I —^ - deavouring to secure the sanction of Parliament for an educational measure. " What," it might be asked, "could the people of Manchester see nothing being done but they must interfere in this matter, and concoct a scheme of their own ?" They were quite aware that much was being done, and he could not now stand up in the presence of Lord Brougham without acknowledging his efforts. A summary of his lordship's actions was described in the words of the noble lord's own preface addressed to Dr. Birk beck :—" I have many times endeavoured to bring the subject of elementary education before Parlia ment; but the lukewarmness of some, and the honest—and by me ever to be respected objections" —he (Mr. Richson) believed " objections' was the word, — Lord BROUGHAlll.—Prejudices. Mr. RICHSON.—" Of others have been the impe diment to my desire." Nor could he (Mr. Richson) forget the labours of Sir J. K. Shuttleworth and others in the same cause. Indeed, when he was told upon the authority even of the Registrar-General that we had increased in education from 1 in 17 in 1818, to 1 in 11 in 1833, and 1 in 8 in 1851, it would seem preposterous that he should deny that great progress had been made. But he regretted exceed ingly to find such a statement endorsed perpetually, and even in the House of Commons. It was no such thing. It was very well known, as the Digest of 1818 declared, that a great proportion of the private schools were not returned at that time ; and the education of that period, such as it was, was the education of the private adventure school. There fore, the comparison of 1818 with 1851 was most unfair. (Hear.) The same might be said of 1833. No doubt great progress had been made. We had destroyed the dame-schools and adventure-schools, and gathered the children from those wretched places of instruction into schools well systematised and under capable teachers. It was a glorious thing to see the vast number of schools of all denomina tions springing up in every direction, and we were encouraged to believe that there was an apprecia• tion of education abroad which would produce yet more gladdening results. But in Manchester they had looked at what was still left undone. They might be supposed to know something of their own locality; and they calculated the almost in credible number—he forgot it exactly at this moment, but he believed it was nearly 30,000—0 f children between the ages of 3 and 16 who were neither at school nor at work, but receiving their education in the streets. Seeing that state of things, they arranged, under circumstances of a most extraordinary character, a measure to be pre sented to Parliament. It was using very strong terms, but he believed there never was seen in this country such, in a committee, composed of such ele ments, favour of a measure, as was seen then in the committee-room at Manchester. It comprised persons of every considerable religious denomina tion or shade of political opinion, except, he be lieved, only two classes of their townsmen, who were not sufficiently able to co-operate. However, theT had certainly a large majority of the people in their favour, and their principles were such as to commend themselves to every person desirous of promoting education, and such as he believed would be accepted and acted on when, as Lord Stanley remarked at Manchest er , the working men agitated, themselves, for their own advantage. First, there were to be local rates, to supplement and stimulate the Parliamentary grants and voluntary contribu tions ; secondly, there was to be local management, co-operating with but not subordinate to central administration ; thirdly, the parent was to choose his own school, and wherever the child went the rate was to go with it ; finally, in the erection and constitution of schools the founders were to deter mine the religious instruction, provided they did not insist on any dogmatic religious teaching of the children of parents who objected. Those being the principles of the most equitable measure (as he be lieved) ever presented to Parliament, its promoters were anxious to have it fairly and fully discussed, not only in the house but in committee, believing that certain points would there be settled which could not be exactly agreed upon between them selves and others. But their great difficulty was, among the fi iends of education to find any one who would take the matter up and introduce it, though backed by the support cf 40,000 rate-payers. Who was the person that came to their aid on that occa sion ? Mr. Adderley. (Cheers.) Mr. Adderley was, therefore, the working man's friend in that matter, and this he exhorted the working men pre sent to remember, while endeavouring for their own sakes to carry out that for which he and Sir Sohn Pakington and many others had laboured. (Cheers.) Mr. E. POTTER moved the second resolution : " That the School of Art established at Burnley, and having drawing classes established in Accrington and Has lingden, tends to promote that taste and skill in design which are essential to the highest success of the manufac turing enterprise of the district." He had been invited by Sir J. Kay Shuttleworth to be present, not only as an old friend, but because he was told the people of Accrington would wel come him on the two grounds of his being a calico printer and a promoter of the Manchester School of Design. (Cheers.) Speaking from that pl a tf orm , he was unable t o omit referring to a man who had been the great ornament of the print trade, the late James Thompson of Clitheroe, a scholar and a gen tleman, and a thoroughly benevolent man, from whose lips he had heard 30 years ago all the senti ments uttered on this occasion, and who essayed himself on a small scale the schemes now carried out by this association. (Cheers.) Mr. Thompson put up notices that he would take no apprentices unless they had some education, His (Mr. Potter's) friend, Mr. Wrigley of Bury, would even go so far as to try to obtain a legal enactment to the same effect. He (Mr. Potter) resided in a neigh bourhood similar to this, in that most critical pet iod of transition when the town was emerging from a village, and he observed with great satisfaction tho efforts making in such places to promote intelli gence and morality, not only by elementary educa tion, but by encouraging young men to oleVated tastes and pursuits. (Cheers.) The resolution was carried unanimously. Sir J. K. SHUTTLEWORTH proposed, amid loud cheering, a vote of thanks to Lord Brougham for presiding. He knew very well that they were too t n h e aatr theythe e o ni) f acdtt t oice h toi a flaiu t dsoeeste g uaehr i ar a ochdobn t uip:ngit t agnh r nt i tvrlo u hyiidta m teires p h over slavery which the West Riding of Yorkshire aellieted Itl his election not to give its hen , a hearty welcome if he once came among them again. patriarch i ll eo r rtof k ee e, r a t i cd n r h k eu n g ia n vps e t e e s ot e r na t n v i w a no g s l n tNi s e l . ht o E yh :s t . mtso o hufneebl meat. (Ch e e rs.) subject thisht warmeste ( great hmiddlepepublic rbgasr. Ih t to ea n b hc e aaci p s t. a e il s rs e eo n t t i:n b vdi e ot e e a nd u o s ne e mo h ui e rn et wish no t r e oe d rpdr t e h s e en a trai Brougham;st arist o cracyof its l o t ( si f s ci ande n c c o e u and ry e p n e t o e p r p i e r i o s f e a t i i i i d is ca g i r )i e t a a t l t d o i m st e ri e .c t t t o h f e town and cou nt ry people of this great district of East city, every Lancashire,which valley street,t become a population u o l n a e t i g o r n e s o o t sul.erabunda n t th at they might andw well tremble as to its destinies —he had asked them all to m ee t the re, iLnangeraeasht irreelathtiaotnsthee a f capitalist the abstract principles Lord indif ferent nd Brloaubgohuar,intohraedpresent advo cated all hi s li fe, and to show the working men o f to th e i r progress, b u t recognised th e e l evat i on of their intelligence, it u hehonesty o f th e i r efforts, and a comm on interest which he trusted would issue THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 8, 18 9. in a growing partnership of capital and labour. (Great cheering.) Mr. W. FAIRBAIRN, of Manchester, seconded the motion, which was carried by acclamation. Lord BROUGIIAM—I return you my most hearty thanks for your very kind reception. I can only say that, comparing the two roses, the white rose and the red, my Yorkshire friends and my Lanca shire friends, I find little or no difference between the two. (Cheers.) This concluded the proceedings. L,ITV INTELLIGENCE, Nov. 7. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. HATTAN V. KEANE. This was a demurrer to a plea to an action for an infringement of the plaintiff's copyright in some music composed by him as an accompaniment to the dramatic representation to the play of " Much Ado about Nothing," by using the music without the plaintiff's permission. The question raised was in effect whether this was a musical composition within the meaning of the Copyright Acts. The plea alleged that the defendant employed the plaintiff to compose the music, and that he, and not the author, was the composer of the music. Mr. R. E. Turner, for the plaintiff, submitted that the meaning of a " composer," or " author," under the Copyright Acts was the man in whose mind the thoughts arose, or from whose mind the thoughts flowed, which were embodied in the com position, and that the defendant, who did not com pose a note of the music, could not be the composer of it, because he had employed the plaintiff, who did compose it, and that the copyright had not passed out of the plaintiff, and could not without assign ment in writing. Mr. Huddlestone, for the defendant, submitted that the plea was a good answer to the action. The design of the dramatic piece was the defendant's, and he employed the plaintiff on the distinct under standing that what he did was to be part of the defendant's dramatic piece, and that he was to have the sole right of using it. The plaintiff was em ployed just like a scene painter, or dancer, to carry out a design which flowed from the defendant. Tl., dvu, weie of opinion on the - Note +lint jua g ment should be for the defendant, and that he was the author of the design of the dramatic piece, and found the capital and skill employed in it, and that the music so composed by the plaintiff, by the em ployment and under the direction of the defendant, became the property of the defendant, and he had the right to use it. The very terms of the engage ment led to this judgment. Judgment for the defendant. POLICE INTELLIGENCE, Nov. 7. MANSION HOUSE.—FIRES IN THE CITY. — It will be remembered that, about a month ago, a fire took place upon the premises of the Patent Pa raffin Light Company, in Bucklersbury ; and that, in accordance with the desire expressed by a depu tation of inhabitants (on behalf of whom Mr. Hub bard, solicitor, whose offices adjoin the Paraffin Company's, acted as spokesman) requested Mr. Ser geant Payne, the City Coroner, to hold an inquest upon the fire, and at the same time directed the City Solicitor to attend and watch the proceedings. The Coroner held an inquest accordingly, and Mr. Pearson, City Solicitor, now attended to report the result ; Mr. Hubbard being also present on be half of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood ; and Mr. Tindal Atkinson, instructed by Mr. T. H. Smith, Frederick-place, Old Jewry, on behalf of the Patent Paraffin Light Company. The Lord Mayor inquired of Mr. Pearson what had been the result of the inquest. Mr. Pearson said it would appear from the ver dict of the jury; and he proposed that that verdict, as well as the coroner's summing up, should be read, and that afterwards Mr. Tindal Atkinson, who had made a promise to the jury that the suggestions should be carried out, should state what course his clients were prepared to adopt. The Lord Mayor agreed with Mr. Pearson that that was the proper course to adopt. The summing up and the verdict were read ac cordingly, the latter being to the effect that the fire was accidental; but that there had been great ne glect, and an absence of proper precautions, and that Paraffin oil could not be stored in large quantities without danger. Mr. Hubbard then addressed the Lord Mayor. The verdict of the jury, he said, had placed the Paraffin Company in the position of a party con victed, and called up for judgment before a superior court. The company had accepted the verdict, ani it was for the Lord Mayor to say what further steps should be taken. The Lord Mayor thought it better that Mr. At kinson should first state what had been the result of the promise made by him to the jury. Mr. Atkinson said Paraffin oil had recently come into extensive use, as a cheap and brilliantly burn ing oil, and it could not be the wish either of his lordship or the city solicitor to fetter the freedom of trade in any way while it was carried on consis tently with the safety of the public. His client was quite ready to adopt any suggestion that could be made so as to ensure safety in the conduct of his business. The Lord Mayor —Then I will make a suggestion at once which ought to be satisfactory both to him and his neighbours. That is, that he shall only store the oil in small quantities, and shall keep it in a fire proof building. Mr. Atkinson—He has endeavoured to carry out the promise which I gave to the jury, and I believe the largest quantity of oil that has since been on the premises is ten casks. He only intends to carry on his business wholesale, and your lordship can not surely wish to drive such trade entirely out of the city any more than the trade in other articles of an inflammable nature, such as turpentine for instance, for while paraffin does not ignite under 130 degrees, turpentine ignites at 90; and besides paraffin oil is not at all like naphtha—the material concerned in Lester's case, and which ignites at 62 degrees. Mr. Pearson—l must pretest against your re opening the question, Mr. Atkinson, for if you do I must go into it also. Mr. Atkinson—Then I will only say, that my client is prepared for the future only to keep ten casks of oil on his premises. Mr. Pearson—l think I know where the point pinches, and what I am about to say will most likely, and as is usually the case when one proposes any• thing fair t o a ll, be unsatisfactory to both parties. Will Mr. Atkinson undertake that the filling of the cans shall take place in the fire-proof room? Th,:t appears to me to be where the point pinches. Mr. Atkinson—l am afraid that could not be done without a light, and with a light you say there is danger. Mr. Pearson—But you might obviate that by using a Davy's safety lamp. Mr. Smith—My client wishes to carry on his business as a wholesale, and I cannot advise him to give up his right to sell as he pleases. The Lord Mayor—l think the suggestion made by the City Solicitor iS - perfectly fair and reasonable. Mr. Smith—We will try to fall in with it. Mr. Pearson—Then, I will attend at the place whenever Mr. Smith pleases, see what is intended to be done, and report it to your lordship. Mr. Smith—l shall be happy to meet you. The Lord Mayor—lf you accede to the City So licitor's suggestion, never to fill any cans except in the fire-proof room, and if you use a Davy's lamp, then I think you will have complied with all rea sonable precautions. Mr. Pearson—Then, I will see what they do, and/ report to your lordship on the subject; and mew while, I presume the matter will stand adjourned , . The Lord Mayor—Yes, let it be so. Mr. Atkinson—Yes, but it must be without pre judice to our rights if any of the inhabitants should take steps to act for themselves. Mr. Pearson—Of course, without prejudice on either side. The proceedings were then adjourned, and the lathes quitted the Court after thanking the Lord d'ayor for his courtesy. bUILTMALL—VRIOPITPUL Robert Underwood, a respectably dressed man, about 37 years of age, described as a chemist, re cently in the employ of Mr. Cayley, at 18, Smith field-bars *as brought up before Alderm an M ec hi, and placed in the felon's dock ) charged with having tiolently assaulted a Child, 12 years of age, of the name of Mary Bolden, and with having ravished and carnally known her against her Mr. Wontner, of 18, Skinner-street, Snowhill, said—lt is my duty to attend before you, sir, in a prosecution Which has befiii instituted by the com mittee ofthe Farringdon Girls' School, and although the inquiry may be attended with circumstances of the Most painful character, the committee have thought it right to have the prisoner's conduct thoroughly iuvestigatqd, Jt unfortunately happens ~ the prisoner that there a re i w o g i rls with wnom has been guilty of the grossest conduct and that they are both of them over the age which would have rendered the offence one of felony. The pri soner therefore escapes the consequences of tbo j graver criminal charge, which he would otherwise have had to answer, whether the children gave their consent or not. I therefore propose to proceed un der a recent act of Parliament, which enables you to deal summarily with persons guilty of aggra vated assaults upon women or children. The details of the cPse are such that when you have heard them I feel assured you will say they are sufficient to establish the fast that a moat aggravated assault has been committed upon the complainant, and that the prisoner shall be committed to prison to expiate his fault. Mr. Martin (chief clerk)—Have you had your at tention drawn to the Bishop of Oxford's Act? Mr. Wontner—Not with regard to this particu lar case. The difficulty of dealing with the case in any other way is that the other child who inveigled the complainant to the prisoner's house is only 12 years of age, and a sort of co-conspirator, and she is not here. Mary Bolden said—My mother is a widow, and I live with her at 16, Fox and Knot-court, King street, Snow-hill. I go to St. Sepulchre's Charity School, where there is another girl, named Emma Knapp. On the 18th of last month she asked me to go with her to a chemist's shop in Smithfield. I consented, and she took me to Mr. Cayley's, and I saw the prisoner behind the coun ter. Emma Knap took me up stairs, and about five minutes after the prisoner came up and kissed me, and then crossed the room and whispered to Emma Knap, after which he returned and set me upon the table and Emma Knap put the sofa pillow under my head. (Complainant here described the offence.) He told me not to cry, and gave me twopence. I did not give him permission to place me on the table, and when he took me up I kicked my legs about, but did not tell him not to do it. I did not cry out very loud. My mother discovered what had occurred about a week after. Cross-examined—Emma Knap told me she had been in the habit of going to see the prisoner, who used to set her on the table and give her twopence each time. She also told me that he would only set me on the table. She was present all the time I was on the table from first to last. She took up her petticoats and told me to do the same, and I did, and the prisoner then unfastened his dress. When he gave me the twopence I thanked him and went away. I have not been to him since. I did not expect he would do anything more than put me on the table. Mary Ann Bolden said—l am the mother of the complainant, who was 12 years of age on the 27th of June last. She has always been a very well con ducted child, and never kept bad company. I dis covered the condition of my child in consequence of observing portions of her dress in a peculiar state, ard, upon questioning her, she told me everything she has now sworn to. Wm. Smith, a City detective officer, said—l appre hended the prisoner in Havelock-steet, Caledonian road, on Sunday afternoon, and when I told him the charge he said the girl was over age. He said he knew Emma Knap, but the name of Mary Bol den was not familiar to him. He said he had left Mr. Cayley's service, and that he was on the point of going to Doddington, in Cambridgeshire, when I met him. Alderman Mechi—How long has he been at Mr. Cayley's ? Smith—l believe about two years, sir. Mr. Charles Mundy said—l am a surgeon in, practice at 86, Snow-hill. I examined the com plainant on Thursday evening last, and found she was suffering from a complaint of a certain charac ter, and her person bore evident signs of violation. I examined the prisoner on Saturday evening, but could not find any trace of such a complaint upon him ; but it is quite possible for him to have had such a complaint at the time the offence is said to have taken place. Mr. Wontner said—After this evidence, sir, I submit there is sufficient to satisfy you there was resistance on the part of the girl to justify you in dealing with the case as I have suggested. Mr. English, of Coleman-street, said—l contend that the evidence, on the contrary, is in favour of the girl's consent having been obtained. Ido not come here to defend the prisoner's gross and abominable conduct towards these two girls, or to deny that he has acted towards them in the man ner described, for if he has rendered himself amenable to the law he must take the consequences, and submit to the punishment he deserves, but it must first be shown that he has committed an offence against the law, which must not be twisteJ out of its course to punish immorality which has not been recognised as a criminal offence. The girl in this caoe evidently knew the purpose for which Emma Knao took her to the prisoner, and it was equally clear 1;1 iat she was perfectly willing to earn the twopence in . 4 .:Jie way it had been stated, for when she received the; amount she thanked him, and went away. With regard to the offence alluded to in connexion with Emma Knapp no charge will be made in that case either by her or her friends, for she is not forthcoming ; and Mr. Wontner's observations on that case, therefore, fall to the ground. In conclusion, I must express my utter detestation of fly prisoner's disgusting conduct, but at the same time I confidently submit there iv no case made out for you to act upon. Alderman Mechi—l quite agree with your ad vocate, prisoner, as to his opinion of your conduct, for he has not attempted to paint you fairer than you are. If the capital offence had been completed I should have sent you for trial, but knowing what I do of such cases at the Central Criminal Court, I have determined to deal summarily with youunder the act of Parliament su,,agested. I shall act only upon the evidence before die, totally disregarding the admissions made by your solicitor. I cannot sufficiently express my abhorrence of conduct such as yours, particularly w h en I cons id er th e awfully demoralising effect it must have upon these poor children. Th e sen t ence I i n t en d t o pass u p on yo u is, that you be committed to the House of Correc tion for the term of six calendar months with hard labour. (This decision was received with a burst of applause from a very crowde d court, but it was quickly suppressed bythe officials.) Alderman Mechi furthe r said—ln conclusion, I must say that the conduct of the committee in taking the case up in the man ner they have, reflects the highest credit upon them. The prisoner was then removed. WRECKS IN BIDEFORD BA 3'. During Tuesday night and Wednesday morning this coast was again visited by a gale of the fiercest description, resulting in the wreck of several vessels iu the bay, and the loss, it is considered in the neigh bourhood, of nearly SO lives. These vessels, two of which have been identified as the Wanderer and Refuge, have been totally wrecked, and the scattered timbers washed on shore at the back of Northam Burrows, not a single soul, it is feared, being saved to tell the tale. One of the vessels, judging from her masts and timbers is evidently a ship of 1,500 tons, requiring at the least 30 hands. O n Braunton Sands a brig of 320 tons, called the North Esk, of Sunderland, John Chipp master, was driven ashore about 11 o'clock on Tuesday night; all hands saved. She left Llanelly on Sunday, for Havre, with a cargo of culm, and soon after met with a gale, which carried away her mainyard, and two hours after both topsails. On Tuesday morning the wind wore round, off Lundy, N.W. by N., when she . shipped heavy seas, which washed overboard her boats, compass, and binnacle. At 9 o'clock set foresail, wore ship at 10, and struck, it was sup posed, on Baggy-leap, and half filled with water; shortly after she ran ashore off the Braunton Bur rows. The crew (six hands) remained in the main top rigging the whole of the night. Soon after daybreak two countrymen observed the vessel, and gave information to the lighthouse keeper. A flag was immediately hoisted from the lighthouse, and a crew of volunteers passed over from Appledore and launched the lifeboat of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution with the utmost despatch. The crew had been since 11 o'clock the previous night in the maintop. The captain assured the reporter that, although he had seen many wrecks, he never witnessed authing more quicley and courageously done than the saving of himself aad crew by the lifeboat. The Braunton lifeboat station is in ex cellent order, and reflects much credit on Mr. Chan ter and other gentlemen who act for the National Lifeboat Institution on this coast. [AIiTVIITIStMENT.] - Mr. Benson, Ludgate-hill, has just published a new illustrated pamphlet on watches (free by post for two stamps). It should be read by all who are about buying a; watch, as it contains prices and important information as to--What watch to buy where to buy it 1 and'how to use It I [ADV]MTISEMENTd—HoIIoway.;; Ointment and Pills. Appearance—jay the first sight are mosi things judged, and partiality or prejudice for the object is formed at once. In the human body disease is always pitiable ; but scoZ'e cuta neous diseases are almost repulsive Whatever their natt.lrc, duration, or intractability, they are invariably cured by the conjoint use of Holloway's purifying remedies, which, acting ttfi the blood, reach the most distant vessels in the body, thoroughly cleanse them, displacing all disease, and restoring softness and elasticity to the skin, and a perfectly clear and healthy complexion. These inestimable medicaments are the 1 safest and best preparations extant for cleansing, beautifying' and preserving the skin. They are . at all times perfectly harmless, and their purifying effects are always permanent. [ADVERTNEMENT.J=It is with pleasure we notice the daily increase of cures without medicine of indigestion (dyspepsia), flatulency, constipation, nervous, bilious, and liver complaints, cough, asthma, consumption, and debility, by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica. We quote the following :—Cure No. 52,087, Field Marshal Duke of Pluskow, of a gastric inflammation of the stomach. Cure No. 51,614, Baron de Polentz, Prefect of Langenau, of many years' horrible sufferings of the nerves and an obsti nate constipation. Cure No. 48,721, General Baron de 7 .nluskOWski, of many years' fearful disorders of the diges jive functiou. Cure No. 71, of dyspepsia, from the Right —4 Stuart. do Decies :—" I have derived Revalenta Arabica -,••hlic to Honourable the considerable benefit from Du Barry Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the authorise the publication of these lines.—Stuart de Decies." In tins, at Is. 6d. ; 11b., 3s. ; 21b., ss. 9d. ; 51b., 128.; 121 b., 265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London' Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piccadilly; Abbis, 60, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 63, and 150, Oxford street; 330 and 451, Strand; 49. and 60, Bishopsgate street ; 85, Tottenham -court-'toad. Also at Dublin, Bewley and Draper ; at E diYiburgh, Raimes and Co. at Liverpool, Nixon and Thee ; at Manchester, Sharp anti Scott; at York, ltahnes, Bianch ai 11, and Co.; at South ampton, Randa3l And Sou, cOUIV TRY MARKETS, C—Nov. 5. A short supply of LCHESTER whatt to-day at the corn-exellavge' Fines elds! and the trade was firm, at about late rates. barley scarce, and eagerly taken at the last week' Beans and peas in good demand, and is dearer. 32 to 345 Wheat, white 42s to 50s I Beans, Al n s azaga . to 0 5 red 32s to 42s I Midle & small 36s . ‘ , 4 to *A Barley 36s to 46s I White peas ...... 40$ Oats 2os to 30s I Grey..... 5v3 price CHELMSFORD—Nov. 4. io l. tiva A fair supply of wh e at an d b ar ley, and an n,, pr iceo. ness transacted. Best qualities of wheat were E" coril and inferior sorts supported previous rates. SPr i ° as before. Wheat, white 42s to 53s red 40s to 46s Barley 32s to 40s Chevalier 34s to 445 Grinding 22s to 285 Malt 60s to 66s Chevalier 63s to 68s Oats 24s to 33s t o 40; White ........ 38s , - 0 4 25 Peas, Partridge . • 388 Boiling ...... 3 5 ' to 36s Dun .......... 33a tO3 Beans, Tick .• • • 0 (1 _ 44s Harrow licks 4 1 s w 39 Mazagan ...... 366 to to 405 A liberal quantity OXFOßD—Nov. of grain of all kinds o n off er so dwer rates—viz., for white, 44s to 50s, re d 365 to 465 Pe r for which the trade was exceedingly dull, at about '„,. qt. Barley, 26s t© 428 ; oats, 18s to 32s ; beans, 355 oar, hog peas, 38s to 42 8; b o il ers , 43s to 48s p er q t. ' 32s per sack. Hay, from £3 10s to £4 Os per ton. DERBY—Nov, 5. d T ilde At market yesterday wheat came readily to ban, ' o f 10 was inactive, with no advance on the curreaZ. OfT l week. Barley in moderate demand, and as t d Ao ° were sold at late rates. Beans were scarce, and FA 31 6 in favour of the sellers. . 2 i s White wheat, new, 44s to 528 Barley, grinding. n4stO`' Red do. Old white sos s s to to 465 54 N Oa e t w s, d o o ld . ~ .. .. Red do. 44s to 48s Beans.. ......... ___s to ' Barley, malting 38s to 43s Beans, new. .. ............. 42402 s ' t t o° !' 14 NORTHAMPTON—Nov. s. l osilig At this corn-market whe a t was in tolerable OPP s e ° , A gi at about late rates—prices ranging from 408 to tr and 43s to 48s per quarter f or old. There was a lb a 01 0„ „" passing in barley, at 33s to 40s per qr. Oats, I v '. d to em o a s n ; d, n q e u iv o , te 3 d l a s t t 2 o 4s 4o to s. 34 i s t p y e e r , 2-45stwone. Beani! - 6 61 . __s; WWI 70s. KIRK AL D gran to-day Y—iNov.s; ,rhtraevr r ko o tb; We had fair suppli es of at other fair show of new whe a t, oa t s , an d barley her gr valier bath) , and new oats sold quickly ; late rates. Oats ( 14). Wheat (N). Od First.... 36s Od 228 0 Second .. 46s Od 27 s s 0 d _- Third .. 48s Od Oats ( T . 23s Wheat (0). 0 First.... 38s Od gd Second.. 44s Od 28s Od --0 Third .. 47s Od Barley (N). 26s Od 34s 6d 36s Od Barley (0). —s Od —8 Od —8 Od COAL MAR] (Prices of Coal per Ton at s. d. KET—Nov. 7• et.) the close of the mark Walls End' o, 6 9 Whitworth ........ .19 6 Hetton.. .••• • • • ' ,1 8 9 Eden .....•••' • • 6 Hilda ........... .17 . Riddell ....... • • i s O . Heugh ... • • ..19. !!! South Hetton ....... ..17 Shincliffe ........ " .19 v o Hartlepool.. • •.•• oo • ' .1 9 9 Trimdon Hartlepl9 9 Braddyll's Het ton• • • ••. is Russell's Hetton.. • " . 11 . Trimdon ThernleY'" . 16 ' 6 P ease s West • • • " • 6 Nixon's Puffrr l t ;;; J a Powell' s Duffrr ' ll ifrya 6 G a rway and • ,V Malting". • • ' GO—Sold, 28. Byass's Bebside West Hartley ..14 3 Bowers' West Hartley.ls 6 Buddlo's West Hartleyls 3 Bell's Primrose Davison's West Hart ley 15 6 Lambert's West Hart- ley l5 I fanfield Moor 13 6 Brown Moor High Mainls 0 Haswell Gas. l3 3 Burnhope 13 6 Walker Primrose 13 0 Holyvrell l5 0 Walls End. Acorn Close 18 6 South Hartlepool lB 6 Ships at mark FOREIGN MAIL PACKET il5 „tc”' ~8 4 .' In the followingtable E signifies that letters are_clo.elsisrsll°. ' d u by evening mails from London, and if by 101.11 i " Y ~,° O I ot port s of. I , l e ' DESTINATIONS. Australia and Mauritius, via Dofe3"aaitiesh. j-"::LeF!----"—tcn' : t e y 3 e : B Et_ll Southampton and lo „ 10 1 ' 4 r, Ditto, via Marseilles Havana via New Nov. Nov 12,18 3EI S. .°:1.t.11 :: :::: 14 0: 411° 'n Canada, ork &c. (by Canadn. pckt.) Noy A IZ. China, Penang, and Sings le Cape of Good Hope, Ascen- Li, Ditto, bon t , iinvri aazs, u a e t n h d a e In c p esy t sum, and St. Helena Nov 5 , E De v° " °rt c4. rdi te (fie ► iS : al , iGt ini , :lbn ci ir r tada i u, , oti v i ays il att S n ! aß t r h is a e l i t il y fi f e t i o d n . . . . Nov. a C r a , I v c (Calcutta) a t t S a o ) ( ,) B u o t in ha b ms , t , 8, E Liser2 1 3:: ' I Ditto, n v c a a Ceylon, tbsroP' Sof, South- oa nn:: No' i i t: Ka an u d a, F E . g l y s p la t n , Marseille: B uen es Ayr e s , I ' N NNN ! vv . :.II - 7°4.: 113 g I S .: l 'll i ' 111.1:11 ' ********* 1 :1 1 : 11 1 01° : Nov.lo, E ....... • .., 10 Li a s ' Lisbon, Vigo, a d a n s n d d o A po d r e t o o , . v . i . s . Nov. 7, 34 Soutil arDP. .110 0 ale' 4 Southampton Nov. M SoutbaelP'. Sof., •SO. , Ditto, via Marseilles : r. 1 . Newfoundland I.7nr.Mexicoetedes(acbtnayadt(uebils.as Havana ----' a d na ßritish N. Nov. 4, El '' .. :113."31): - Nov. —. 14 S°° ' ' • ''. Brpitaciskheptac.k.e.t.)i Nov.N N o o v v .. 5, ° ' : s i 'l l u tle t t h rl a:P lP:.. :: " Nov 5, E Gal li. " . fl ° y, t Westrift:C, and il; o ie, f n ep A r ie f f rr r ue i 7 Ma - g West India, California, V ) 9, No y 7 E Llvero°l.. 16 Pi__lo!:.--' 'Greene- Nev 23 [ I . town, New Granada, &o. y . - . Nov. 17, II SouthaniP• At the , Y ALLEGED PERJURY BY A SURGEO_,N* p e ter r ai d r Liverpool tothn ar,eohnaergo Police olice Court, yesterday (Friday), " in ortreo ofth o h p av ar in is g h e s o u ni rg m e i o t n ie s d , wpeasriburryougili 11 P e AIOP I _he Liverpool Court of Passage. As the p a r g e r s i e e l ti tt e ' e r°llr , °: i Webber, did not appear, Mr. Mansfield dismiese'l,oo i 6 0 0 7 ✓ [ADVERTISEMENT.)—ThorIey's Food for e f e l i iie farif te e i r beginning to seriously attract the attentiol. °‘..,„rerait4 breeder, and feeder of stock. Two years et ""i ko .' •j. t care and attention have enabled its inventor t:tvittbelea _ ground as a benefactor to these interests ' an d r i, e fts h i l t itea ing the many drawbacks, the malevo'lent 0" . ., s 01' 0, vagalauizstwitillanbdeciotsmperoabnabecleesustiitlyityto, tthheefosogrid,.fr°_r 1 ; 1 1 ili tere ble ; isEnaxfliEuneegrniceeinne:tehaehnadcsolnapssrutolmyy,pedtiofinrsotf, provender; eintdeerff.ecetswatge,°ll:,idterstig secolr ec •r_d to 0 produces health and vigour in all animals a lb./ d i e e a lre e I l i/ t early development of hflactr.easMesr.inTahorrereyar, koaribgil?l:36llll:teci•ve , singularly efficacious food, aimed at a comPeoll, eiveallig ' to supersede, to a certain extent, the tedious all ts ' . 10 :j o t - mode then revailin of fattening stall-fed W as ve ry es t 8. f he happily succeeded; and success prompted A ake it $,..;,. [ desire to improve upon the invention, so ttS t° ? Tb.e . 1/ '.l [ plicable to every description of domestic aninial-anifestea? lish farmer was slow to encourage its use, and 'l ie poss es fe ed ' uawillingness to rely upon lam efficacy, faneyill fereby 10 0 . in the produce of his farm, ple materials w- -- ei ploYe' ll as and fatten his cattle at a cheaper rate than b y P: 10° ,., food o p ' or addition of artificial food. The tests to hi l3tjal -ac b 0 Ibeen subjected have proved its perfect admissibility:oh ~;116 addition to the natural produce of the farm; ids f th° tl el realised, and rendered marketable in two-thirds ° bo eoq t 0 usually consumed in develing fat ; apparent that a certain saving is effected by it.fair aTY_Teis : of Thorley's Compounded Food. It is believed th . at T o v ,„f r gelie,. f unprecedented low price of wheat has induced ill ' Bl :tlclef `',, ral use, in preference to any other of the usua'_,„hot!!,, food; it is, however, much questioned whether wheat nourishing and proper food for the workings 11 1. o e c d, h ea l• th it, therefore,Aiestiottj, p it os i s s es n si o n t nir a ra tin a fi beoir e o t t e iloei for ; e c a ow dv s an or tag p e ig o s f . greMartjyThorley the ofe and increasing the physical power ofinavillga° and gentle stimulant, and when mixed wit h .. piait er .he food, materially assists their digestive powers---", t iot P, r it e:, 4 .0. great consequence, since it is es undoubted . : lost/ c " fit. nourishment contained in their ordinary food is digs' 01 quent upon the impaired or defective action of ti" .. , be ege .fe organs ; it will also be found to be particularAtich in., in restoring to good working condition horsef; _ se 0 r re been over-worked, or become weak from dtse'efieets the naturally of a feeble constitution. In coo i t ; ü bling be e undoubted, indeed almost marvellous, nearly _° 0 e ario 4 0 yield of milk and butter, whilst it at the same t 4! aro s' fi lities ife. the quality of both. In pigs its fattening ( 1 11 its elti° you' more remarkable, displaying in a few weeks dorm a ll.° superiority over every other kind of comPo Such 06, factured food adopted in the feeding of swin e ' I . c attle 8/I° ttle been its marked success, that at all our great _.,- t heir c i '• al Royalty, noblemen, and others who have " le the I )l4 ,xd ucil e ) d . on Thorley's Food, have invariably carried I re or , t he Therizes whilst cards of commendation ha ra ' runo,keu b ip i s li of i n ? tteoc a : patronage g e l r e e r a g t y 1 n a c n i t d e n ° l t o toto Virs ug cing 1 . course ; and he may confidently rely, in P i .;„ ii o h h i i g g h hl a y na -fav 4 o is u t r in ed gui a sh co l e te m d hia on a contiztua Lo w x i i ie IRTHS. tile sv aes• " of John Loaley, Esq., of a son. .—On the 7th inst., at Stratford -green' Sr. AUBYN.—On the 3d tat St•g • goon i o hael w li s 8:01k- 0 ins t., • o f * 001 1 . Cornwall, the Lady Elizabeth St. "WWI , • s i q i u t a h r e e WATsoN.—On the 6th inst , at 24, Endsleighttrfat" of daughter, rt e gr ° ' ins t., at Kensington West, of a son. ,6tthhe. wi t fe . oficJam:gtoVirnatizna,7•• 11 , MARRIAQES• JO ° COURT--SOHLIKANN.—On the sth inst., a t S-•, ci 00 ,a- Church, Mr. Stephen Court, of 4, •,ci• street, to Pati l ;v Lucretia, the only daughter 01 Sir William Holborn, of Mincin g= Sohlmann, E st i , And niece of the late Baronets and Sir P. Dick.. Kenn. —.way w , to HOLBORN--SALTER.—On the 6th inst., at Annie, only daughter of John S h 2ter, °f smith. and Nottinfia; tosr A IN - 0 ER. Ainger — , arca ~,, 01, E o s n cb th agaed st D 6 h l. E ins A t., T at li :3, Car....--r Pfd' Cow Bmss.—On the 2d inst,, at 26, Eceleston-squar'' In.—On the 3d in wife of Henry Bliss, Q.C. Ihir ei CAZENOVE.—On the 6th inst. at New Brighton, elle' Esq., formerly of London. Henry Cazenove, Esq., of I:endon, aged 7 8 . , C o w jolA Ku , on at . Montrose, YES.—On the 6th inst., at Pengo, SurreYl 58. Keyes, of 24, Frith-street, Soho-square, eget' r telse 9 ' NASH.—On the 4th inst., at Paulton's-square, e •^l,, s . Nash, Esq., aged 80. ot' ° tory , 1..-. '" the 6th inst., at Haddiscoe Re NICHOLAS.. --v... - '"oholas, aged 66. ill V "' folk, the Rev. G. Y. .1...-. - ---I, field-lan e, -- . lf Aleal:lr. WALLs.—On the 7th inst., at Pu.._ rise, William A. Walls, aged 55. ________ _.--i- - ' - 01,' 10 li g, by gilitm 14 f LONDON : Printed and Published o mee, - °'t, o f No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Th 43 SO_ ate 0 0 , Strand, in the Precinct of the Savo:o9lu i giddlesei, Tuesday, November 8, 180. 1 0 0 rOf• ,