The Sun. — London, England, 1869-01-19 00:00:00

11121 T THE PUBLIC JOUENALS, ne Times, in commenting on the universal preparation tor war throughout Europe, remarks that for many year. the art of human destruction has been allowed to take precedence over all other arts. The weapons of the age pre now as ingenious, as elaborate, and as exact in their construction as a chronometer, or a philosophical apparatus. The pace of improvement is equally brisk in the matter of ammunition, accoutrements, carriages, and other points comparatively unheeded by our forefathers. A soldier is now a man of science if an officer, a skilled mechanic if in the ranks, and expected to be a man of genius and enterprise if in command. The science of destruction itself is pursued with an impartial desire to witness the greatest possible results. But what is all this for? Whom is it for? Who wishes it? Who has any purpose to be answered ? Who holds this enormous ava lanche suspended over our heads, waiting for the one fatal footfall or sound ? There is the paradox. No nation wishes for war. Of the half-dozen sovereigns who would have to give the word of command, not one desires war, or feels his interest to lie that way. Not one is naturally disposed to war, or now inclined to it by circumstances. Of the armies themselves, perhaps there are five men in a hundred, if so many, who do not wish for peace, for their discharge, and for their return to some peaceful employ. ment. The statesmen all wish for peace. All nations are heavily in debt, and disabled from prosecuting numerous works long desired by the dedication of the public money to the preparations for war. The cost of preparation, indeed, is felt to be almost as ruinous as the cost of actual war, and to be worse in having no legitimate conclusion. A war may come to an end one way or the other, but the preparation for war can only end in war. The Continent is one vast magazine which an incendiary may fire. One insignificant State, one man happening to be in power, may push the first cause that sets the mass in motion. They who would wait may find themselves not allowed to wait. They who wish • to frighten may have to fulfil their threats. They who are looking about for partners may have to enter the dance without them. When anything is more or less ready, the word of command is too easily given. It may be given even by mistake, but, once given, cannot be recalled. We ought to have something more than fortu- nate accidents or the absence of mistakes to depend upon. Europe is not safe for a day unless there be a common determination not to go to war, and a consequent determina tion to regard as the enemies of Europe those who would force a war upon her. Without this security we are at war already in effect, and the actual outbreak is only a question of time. The Herald is not surprised at the silence of the Liberal press upon Lord Mayo's reception in India. It was pro phesied by those far-seeing critics that the intelligence of the noble lord's appointment would be received in India with a " universal shout of derision." We unhesitatingly say that even before Lord Mayo set his foot on Indian soil a most favourable reputation had preceded him, and his coming was confidently anticipated as the promise of a sound, vigorous, and enlightened rule. Of course there are, as in every country, certain prints which disparage all political men who will not pledge themselves to one peculiar set of crotchets, or, still better, to one peculiar clique of men. They are the natural growth of free discussion, which invari ably lends itself, more or less, to individual piques, toprivate interests, and to eccentric hobbies. But after no careless survey of Anglo-Indian journalism, since the announce ment of Lord Mayo's nomination was made known, we find an overwhelming balance of opinion auguring from his policy, as inferred beforehand from his previous career, the most valuable results. And surely there never was a time when British India stood more in need of a large minded statesman with a strong yet kindly hand to direct her councils. It is not to those vexatious and costly border wars that we refer, but to the ominous threat of famine in such territories as Ajmere, where already starva tion has had its victims, and where the distress threatens to spread as it has done again and again, notwithstanding the utmost efforts of the most humane administrators. If it were this particular district alone over which the calamity impended, its importance might not warrant any special remark, but it is not to the credit of our Indian sway that famine should be periodical and even a7most chronic in that region which the European imagina tion has always been fain to suppose bursting with plenty. The Post thinks there can be no doubt that the Ballot has just now a better chance of being favourably con sidered by the House of Commons than it has had any time these last twenty years. There are probably—after excepting those who were returned without any contest— not half a dozen members of Parliament who do not cherish the remembrance of some influence more or less illegitimate, and certainly all improper, employed against_ them by their opponents in the particular counties or boroughs they represent; and there are very few of those who cherish such a remembrance to whom the idea of the Ballot has not presented itself more or less forcibly as a remedy for electoral malpractices. The fact is, however, that the matter has now got beyond the stage of discussion of first principles ; for if it can once be shewn, first, that there are influences at work which prevent the elections from resulting in an honest expression of national political opinion by those to whom the right of expressing that opinion has been delegated ; and secondly, that the Ballot furnishes the only means of escaping from these influences, there will not be found many politicians in the present day who would con tinue to withstand its adoption. To those two poirts, therefore, the Ballot party must at present address themselves, and it was to them that the best speakers on Friday last mainly adverted. Mr. Milner Gibson pointed out the several descriptions of undue influence and coercion which were brought to bear upon electors, and he specially referred to those com binations among the working classes which are gaining such power in the State. 'These, then, and such as these, are the influences which prevent the voter from exercising the franchise freely under the present open system ; and it is asserted with great force by the advocates of the Ballot, that it furnishes not only the sole means which has ever been suggested, but the sole means possible of sweep ing them away for ever. That it would do so to a very large extent is certain ; that it would do so entirely may, however, be doubted ; and it is a serious and will soon be made a pressing question whether it is not worth while, for the sake of a great certain and a still greater possible gain, to disregard the almost exclusively sentimental objections which alone have hitherto been openly avowed against a system of secret voting. The Telegraph thinks that every good Liberal should thank Providence that Lord Granville is not a Tory. It would have been too great a gift to the " stupid party ; " since his lordship has such a fascinating and airy manner of talking people round, that only Providence knows what might have come of it. In every Liberal Cabinet a special portfolio ought to be reserved for the earl, and it might be called " The Department for Making Things Pleasant." Discharging its agreeable but important duties, Lord Granville ought to go to Ireland and reconcile the deans and rectors of the Establishment to their impending fate ; a task which would take two public dinners and one meeting at the utmost. Then he might appear at Mr. Mackonochie's church, and compliment his candles and vestments out of existence. That done, it would be the easiest thing in the world for him to per suade the great landlords that primogeniture was a mis take ; and afterwards, if his lordship had no objection, we would have him attend the (Ecumenical Council, when, ten to one, he would talk the Holy Father into offering Rome to Italy, and sending red hats to Dr. Cumming and Mr. Spurgeon. Not long ago the noble earl discoursed in public upon education before the female students of art, and that subject, which is usually like senna to the public taste, became in his hands a very pastoral, an elegant Ana creontic, a bewitching topic scintillating with wit, interest, and universal compliments. On Saturday last, at the dinner of the Shropshire Chamber of Agriculture, he talked about that serious and embittered question, the Game Laws. Now, to talk about Game Laws before a mixed assemblage of landlords and farmers requires one of two things—either you mast be Lord Granville, or you must be even as Mr. Figgins, M.P. Perhaps some rash people may think that it is an easy matter to talk upon rabbits at a Shropshire county dinner table ! They know little about the exquisite art of which Lord Granville is a master ; for though " the coneys," as we are told, " be but • a feeble folk," they make an awful amount of trouble in the shires. The philosophy, morality, ethics, and economics of rabbit-preserving and rabbit-shooting are all packed in the noble earl's remarks as neatly as powder and shot in an Eley cartridge. The Standard declares that a subject which it has been for a long time endeavouring to impress upon the public mind is becoming so patent as to receive attention in all quarters. These columns have repeatedly borne witness to the fact that the distress of the working classes has gone beyond the power of the poor law. We have asked for something more than the poor law, and for something better. We have pointed out that the problem was not likely to solve itself, and that it was a. perilous thing to leave this state of affairs to be dealt with solely by boards of guardians and relieving. officers. Where the distress is real the repressive system is worse than futile— it is a redhot iron to an ulcer. The common cry has been that we should trust to the poor law. To a great extent the public have so trusted ; but at length a failure of the law is too ialpable to lie ilrnred. Indi.wriminate charity has been condemned, and very properly so. But the poor law is by no means remarkable for discrimina tion, and by its treatniout of the poor tend,: to destroy that very element of character which it is most important should be preserved—self-respect. The ext-nt to which the poor law is— we migl.t almost say-- idoiisA by many who have considerable influence in society, is only equalled by the degree in which di , ' S:tn - W law is loathed by those who are cast upon its mercies. We have treated pauperism as a disease—a plague—a leprosy, and we have made it such. The last modicum of sympathy and kindliness has been weeded out, until, rather than eat such bitter bread, come of the more impetuous of the poor resort to suicide. The general effect is either to irritate or to paralyse. It is not possible for such a state of things to last: No doubt, if charity were to stay its action, the crisis would come all the sooner. But in what shape would it come? In multi plied deaths by starvation, in fever, in pestilence, in open riot and civil comm Aion. The oil pauperism which the ' New Poor Law was to put down was a thit -, compara tively easy to he got rid of, because, much of it artifi cial. But the pauperism of the present clay is born of distress and aggravated by law. It is real and terrible, ; - TICY:4 - P. - PE;I - The Court of Common Pleas is again occupied with the consideration of such of the registration appeals as were left undealt with at the conclusion of last term. The judges sitting to hear these appeals are Lord Chief Justice Bovill, Mr. Justice Byles, Mr. Justice Keat ing, and Mr. Justice Montagu Smith. On Monday a good deal of interest was excited amongst the public by the expectation that the lodger question would be debated, there being three cases—Barnes v. Peters, Perowne v. Peters, and Bakewell v. Peters—in which the point is raised. In the course of the morning, however, the Solicitor - General, Sir John Duke Coleridge, entered court, and applied to the Lord Chief Justice for a postponement of the cases, at the request of the learned counsel for the appeals. The Solicitor-General, representing the respondent, explained that the matter which was in dispute was, whether fellows, under graduates, and others occupying rooms in the various colleges in the University of Cambridge were entitled to vote in respect of the same. Their lordships consented to the postponement of the cases until Thursday, when it is understood the point at issue will be vigorously con tested, ELECTION PETITIONS. Nonwrcrr. -Mr. Baron Martin has decided that Sir Henry Stracey was not duly elected. He considered that Sir Henry had not been guilty of personal bribery, but that bribery by agency had been proved against him. GUILDFORD.—Guildford is excited at the trial of the petition against the return of Mr. Onslow, who was re turned at the last election in the Liberal interest. The Liberal party are full of hope in consequence of the break ing down of the Windsor petition, and confidently assert that the inquiry at Guildford will occupy less time than it did at Windsor. DROGHEDA.—The proceedings in the Drogheda election petition closed on Monday, and Justice Keogh reserved judgment. Mr. Whitworth denied that he was connected with those who committed acts of violence, or with the violent addresses of the priests. Some Roman Catholic clergymen were examined, and acknowledged that the speeches attributed to them were correct. They declared that their influence over the people had been confined to acts of repression, and that they had maintained order. The Carlow and Athlone petitions are withdrawn. ELECTORAL INTIMIDATION. In the case of " The Queen, v. Harrop, Luaiow, and another," which came before the Queen's Bench on Monday, a rule had been obtained calling up Mr. Harrop and two justices of Wilts to shew cause why they should not hear and determine a complaint preferred by a weaver named Millard against Mr. Harrop, a manufacturer of West bury, for intimidation previous to the last general election. The charge against Mr. Harrop was that in consequence of Millard having promised to vote for Mr. Laverton, a rival manufacturer, and the Liberal candi date for the borough, the former refused to give him any further work, and desired him to return what he had. The defendant denied that he had acted in the manner stated by the voter. The evidence before the justices was very conflicting. The proceedings were taken on the eve of the election, and, according to the complainant's case, supported by the shorthand notes of a reporter. The justices said it was not the intention of the Legis lature that these cases should be preferred before a bench of magistrates, but that the parties should go to the assizes or the Court of Queen's Bench. The magistrates refused to say whether they dismissed the case upon the law or the facts. The answer of the magistrates was, that they stated in court that they thought the evidence conflicting and insufficient to support the charge, and that they dismissed the summons upon the merits. Sir John Karslake, Mr. T. W. Saunders, and Mr. Lopes showed cause against the rule; Mr. Milward, Q.C., and Mr. Davin appeared in support of it. The court discharged the rule without costs. LAW AND POLICE. A ScnooL DIFFICULTY.—A case was tried on Monday in the Chanceiy Courts respecting the ownership of some schools at Liverpool. They were established in two or three houses by the incumbent, but a Mr. Lowe, the honorary secretary, afterwards purchased the buildings. In 1864 angry discussions arose between the school com mittee and their secretary, and Mr. Lowe was dismissed from his office. Some months after he was called upon to transfer the buildings to trustees for the benefit of the schools, to which he gave no reply, but subsequently gave the incumbent notice to quit. The Vice-Chancellor, on referring to Mr. Lowe's communications with the Privy Council, decided that he was owner as trustee. AN OVEREND AND GURNEY CASE.—Mr. Maxted, a gentleman living at Hull, has brought an action in the Court of Exchequer to recover the sum of £6OO, the amount of two calls in respect of thirty shares in Overend, Gurney, and Co. The defendant was a member of the London Stock Excliane, and the case turned upon the question whether the name which he had given in as the ultimate purchaser of the shares the plaintiff disposed of at the time the firm stopped payment was the valid one. Some complicated transactions in the share market were detailed, and finally their lordships returned a verdict for the plaintiff. SHOCKING ACCIDENT. A sad accident, which resulted in the loss of two lives and the destruction of a good deal of valuable property, occurred on Monday on the Great Northern Railway. At half-past eleven o'clock in the forenoon a coal train, consisting of an engine and twenty trucks, belong ing- to the North London Railway Company, pro ceeded down the line at a rapid rate, until they reached the shifting points near the Copenhagen tunnel, Caledonian-road. At that time a dense fog prevailed, and the engine -driver of the coal train, a man named James Charles Ellis, could not perceive that the railway signals were at " Danger" or " Stop," and he did not shut off his steam and stop his engine. A special train was coming from King's cross station. Any goods train coming would meet it as it was coming through the Copenhagen tunnel. When the signals are placed at " Stop " the points or metals which lead on to a goods siding are opened, and by this means trains are run off the main line to a temporary resting place. At the end of the siding, and adjoining one of the abutments of the Copenhagen tunnel, there has been placed a pair of spring buffers, for the purpose of reduc ing the strength of the shock which must necessarily result to a train when it is brought to a standstill. When the engine - driver of the coal train failed, in consequence of the fog, to perceive the danger signal, and therefore did not n.-,tice that the points had been opened, he proceeded at full speed until he was carried into the siding. The engine, which was going at the rate of twenty miles per hour, dashed against the tem porary buffers, and shattered them to pieces. The engine was broken into fragments, and the brick wall, which is 20ft. in thickness, was considerably injured. A truck which was laden with coals, and was immediately behind the engine, was lifted off the metals, and raised in the air, and fell upon the injured engine. The nineteen other trucks were thrown off the metals. Inspector Odell and a large body of police soon arrived upon the spot. In three hours' time they extricated the bodies of two men, who were afterwards ascertained to be the engine driver and the stoker, dreadfully mutilated. The driver was a man ramed James C. Ellis, and he was 35 years of age. He is the father of five children. The stoker is William Skells, and he is 35 years of age, and leaves a wife and five children. The guard of the train, a man named John Fry, living at Grove-street, Bromley, when he saw the impending collision, leaped from his break-van on to the gravel, and thus escaped death. A few minutes after the destruction of the coal train the special train from Holloway, for the passage of which the points had been opened and the danger signal put on, came out from the tunnel. Mr. Robert Baynes Armstrong, QC., formerly one of the Parliamentary rerreser tatives for the borough Lancaster, and for many years recorder of Manchester aue Bolton, died in London on Thursday night, in his 84th year. A CONCERT WITH A VENGEANCE.—Mr, P. S. Gilmore, the famous band-leader of Boston, is deep in the preparation of a monster vocal and instrumental conceri. that shall eclipse all the former efforts of the world it a musical way. It is to take place 011 Boston Common, in June next, and will consist of an orchestra of one thousand instruments, the choruses to be given by ten thou• sand selected vocalists from all parts of the country. The choruses are to be supported by the basso of artillery, discharged by electricity. Mr. Gilmore has alread3 secured 1,500 subscribers at 100 dollars each, and is bus 3 in securing members of the orchestra and chorus. Hints of this have been given by the - Boston press, but we gel these facts from a gentleman who is well infornjed as tc what is going on in musical circics.--Portiand Ad 1 -• , ,rtiscr. Jan. 2. btronTANcE - or SLEEP.-1. Those who think most, who do most brain work, require most sleep. 2. Time saved from necessary sleep is infallibly destructive to mind, b )dy, and estate. 3. Give yourself, your children, your ser vants—give all that aro under you the fullest amount of sleep they will take, by compelling them to go tobed at some regular early hour, and to riso in the morning the moment they awake; and within a fortnight, nature, with a'most the regularity of the rising sun, will unloose the bonds of sleep the moment enough repose has been secured for the wants of the system. This is the only safe and sufficient rule ; and as to the question how much sleep anyone requires, each must be a rule for himself ; great Nature will nev , r fail to write it out to the observer under the regulations just given.—Dr. Spicer. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 19, 1869. MISCEL CANED US NEWS. THE NEW LORD-LIT UT NANT (F IRELAND. Earl Spencer's entry into Dublin does not seem to save been a complete " success." Indeed, after the Shen Marquis of Abercorn's triumphant delut, the present was a tame affair. The weather was mizzly. Much of the grandeur of the original proces sion was taken away by the addition to it of " the Corporation," which would—the Ulster King-at-Arms notwithstanding—take part in the proceedings. The correspondent of the Standard makes capital out of the want of enthusiasm which was so marked a feature in former receptions. The Star enters a protest against any procession at all. Our contemporary half suggests that the Lord- Lieutenant should go in by the back door of his office in a quiet way, take off his comforter, and say he is ready to begin. " CONSTITUTIONALISM IN MANCHESTER." At Cheetham, a district of Manchester, a Constitu tional Association is in existence, and at the annual meeting held on Saturday night, great satisfaction was expressed at the result of the elections in Lancashire. Mr. Bfirdsley, the clergyman, and Mr. Birley, M.P., were the chief speakers, and there was the usual talk about i‘ our Protestant institutions in Church and State," which has been common any time this hundred years, and has always been forthcoming when any act of justice, such as the emancipation of Roman Catholics, the relief of Dissenters from the Test and Corporation Act, the enfranchisement of the middle and then of the working classes, had to be accomplished. Mr. Birley, who according to all reports is politically moribund, was particularly emphatic in his satisfac tion at the condition of the Constitutional party. The Conservatives are certainly patterns of cheerful ness under adversity. of his old parishioners at _Fulham In a tarewelt ser mon on Sunday, and was to move to Lambeth the day after. The Bishop of Rochester's declaration in favour of the weekly offertory has been received with great satisfaction by the London Free and Open Church Association, who have made it the subject of a congratulatory resolution. FOREIGA NOY ES. MILITARY REFORM. A correspondent of the Star, writing on the sub ject of army organisation, expresses some apprehen sion that the new Secretary for War intends to limit his reforms to a few insignificant reductions. The standing army, exclusive of the troops in India, amounts, in round numbers, to 130,000, but it is doubtful whether we could send a corps of 50,000 into a continental theatre of war. Such a result is totally incommensurate with an expen diture of over £15,000,000. The most effica cious reform, in the opinion of this writer, would be to place the militia under the game authority as the regular troops. At present we have double establishments for a single purpose, different storehouses and a different staff, all causing double expense. Many officers of the line on half pay would be willing and competent to officer the militia, while as matters now stand recruiting is im peded by the existence of two services who bid f! ga i nst each other. The only obstacle in the way of a closer union between the line and the militia is the loss of patronage which such a change would entail on the lord-lieutenants. At the present time, if we were driven into a foreign war. we could not take the field with a force of 30,000 regular infantry. Were the militia organised in a scientific manner, with a reduction of the army estimates, we should be able to hold about 200,000 combatants ready at a week's notice. LORD GRANVILLE ON CHAMBERS OF AGRICULTURE. On Saturday evening Lord Granville presided at the annual dinner of the Shropshire Chamber of Agriculture, and in the course of his address he referred to the important position which such chambers are rapidly assuming, and traced out the work which lay before them. In regard to several difficult questions he thought they might do great good. There was the relation between land- lord and tenant ; there was the question of the game laws, which had occasioned more . bad feeling between landlord and tenant than all their other disagreements put together. Questions of the drainage of land and of the utili sation of sewage also claimed the attention of chambers of agriculture. Then, again, with regard to education, much had to be done. No class in tliB country was more deeply interested in the spread of education than the agriculturists. No merely elementary education would carry a farmer through his work in the present day. It behoved agricultu rists to move with the march of education, if they would avoid a diminution of material wealth, the loss of social influence, and the decay of political power. Lord Granville advised the chambers to keep themselves perfectly independent of politics, and he cautioned them, in dealing with the question of rating, to remember that all such measures would. be severely criticised. The large and influential company present on the occasion bore testimony to the accuracy of the noble earl's estimate of the increasing importance of these institutions. TILE EMPLOYMENT OF BOYS AND WOMEN IN AGM- CULTURE. The Hon. E. Stanhope, as assistant-commissioner to the inquiry into the e7:tension of the Factory Act to agriculture, had an interview a day or two back with the Cheshire Chamber of Agriculture. He stated that the result of his inquiry hitherto had been to produce . an impression against the rigid application to agriculture of the rules of the Factories Act. In the conversation which followed, the altera tion in the opinions of, at any rate, the better-class of farmers, as to education, was vciy marked. Though the majority thought it inexpedient that the Factories Act should be extended as proposed, only one ventured to say anything against education generally, and he placed it as a matter for great doubt, giving, not his opinion, but the opinion of neighbouring farmers, for whose obtuseness he hslf apologised. Notwitlistanding his moderation, no sooner had he done than he received a tolerably severe snubbing for what he had said. He was told that the chamber by no means recognised the opinion he had given forth as the opinion of the county generally. This " march of intellect" bodes well for the speedy passing of a measure dealing thoroughly and once for all with the education question. TIIE. TURF. Sporting men are in good spirits. They believe that the Derby difficulty will soon be a thing of the past. But Mr. Studd will virtually be the winner, for it is said that he will succeed in making £15,000 out of his half-mile of racecourse, which is more than most studs make for their owners. Lord Hawke will probably have Earl Fitzwilliam as his successor in the Badsworth county. The much-talked of action brought by John Day against Admiral Roiis has been settled, and each party draws its own stakes. This measure has been adopted by the advice of Lord Westmoreland and General Peel. Both parties are said to feel " much happier," but the public has lost some very edifying disclosures "most disastrous to the prosperity of the Turf," as one of the " prophets " says ; and therefore highly conducive to the public good, say we.—Lord Spencer, having become Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, has had his carriage horses and hunters sold at Tattersall's. TIIE IRISH CHURCH. The Dublin Freeman says : " It has been rumoured that the Irish State bishops are unable to agree to any plan of joint action for the approaching ecclesiastical campaign. Some of these are for accepting the inevitable, and for assisting Mr. Glad stone to make disestablishment and disen.dowment as profitable as possible to the future disestablished and disendowed Church in Ireland. Others are for war to the knife. These latter will have no compromise, and will make no preparations for the future." Meanwhile the Irish "Church Defence Association" is beginning to arouse itself into activity, though it may fairly be questioned how far such speeches as that by the Bishop of Cork made last week will redound to the advantage of the Church. THE RITUAL JUDGMENT. The decision of the Ritualists at their late meeting, to leave individual priests to obey the judgment of the Privy Council when and how they thought best, led to a good deal of variety in the services at the " advanced" churches. At St. Mary Magdalene's Paddington, the altar candles were lighted as usual , and will continue to be lighted until formal notice of the decision has been served; at St. Andrew's, Wells street, they were not lighted. We believe they have not been hitherto, for at this church the music, which is the best of its kind in London—most elaborate, most uncongregational—is the chief attraction. At &ll Saints', Lambeth, Dr. Lee, after entering the pulpit and making the sign of the cross, read a pro test against the recent judgment, and said that " having in mind the provisions of Magna Charts, and the terms of my ordination, I do solemnly pro test against the said judgment, and against the impo sition of pains and penalties in matters of Church discipline by the said Privy Council." At this church altar lights were used. At St. Paul's, Walworth, there were eight lights, but not lighted, and there was no incense nor processional cross, nor were there genuflexions until after the consecration. It is stated in a leading article of the Standard that " Mr. Mac konochie has honourably complied with the terms of the j uillpnent"—implying, we presume, that the altar caniles were not lighted, although the day was so dark that they might have been used for the purpose of giving light. THE EPISCOPATE, Three westerndioceses of England ar e now virtually deprived of the oversight of their diocesans. The Bishop of Salisbury, the youngest of the three, \ *,-110 is now under treatment in London, is suffer ing. from heart disease, and is in such a precarious s t a t e ' that his death may take place at any time. He was p ,myed for in some of the London churches on Sunda-v. The Bishop of Bath and Wells (Lord Auckland) has for some time past been hopelessly crippled, and . 1- both he and Lady Auckland have to be earne d up and ,:own the staircase of Wells Palace. The Bishop of Exetei" the oldest of the three (he is within a few months cif t ,l) is blind, and although his 2, .s near relatgreat age, i e ves. mind is still vigorous, coniia,' rin g his diocese is really administered 1.7 u Bishop Hamilton was born in 1808 ," Lord Auckland in 171)0. _ The_Archbial92ol ggiter4:lLY toOthav9 EMEGRATION FOIL PAUPERS. Mr. Jenici a writes to the Times on emigration as a relief to pauperism. He declares that private charity cannot effect a permanent change in the condition of pauperism. He adds that one class of emigrants would not be popular in the colonies, namely, that which starts with no resources and only the " fickle prospect" of obtaining immediate employment. America could find work for these outcasts, but would resent the exportation of English paupers. The colonies will willingly accept " settlers," and Mr. Jenkins proposes that we should promote the emigration of this class. They abstract present and prospective burdens from us, and they offer present and prospective development to the colonies. With regard to the cost of their settlement, it has been calculated that £47 is the lowest estimate for a father, mother, and three children being sent to Canada, and it is asked if Mr. Peabody would advance a million to open the neces sary subscriptions, since private charity would be powerless to deal with the matter. It will be found impossible for the guardians of the poor to render much service in this respect, and a rating system for the purpose would be unfair and unpopular. This is a national matter, says tha writter of this letter, and we should regard it as such, and establish an extensive system of emigration upon the basis of loans to the emigrants, constituted and carried out in concert by the Imperial and Colonial Governments. POOR-LAW RELIrr IN GERMANY. A correspondent of the Times put s b e f ore th e public some facts relatinik to the administration of the poor law in Elberfeld- which is so excellent that it has been imitated 131 other parts of Germany. The efficiency of the plan is proved by the reduc tion of half the expense of maintaining the poor, while the really deserving are more effectually relieved. The system was inaugurated by Herr von der Heydt, brother of the Prussian Minister of Finance. He met at first with great opposition, but the experience of fifteen years has confirmed the merits of his scheme. Elberfeld is divided into eighteen districts, and these again into fourteen quarters. All persons seeking relief must apply to the " father" of the district in which they reside. A strict investigation is made into the merits of the claimants, and any doubtful point is referred to the district meeting, which takes place every fortnight. The minutes of the pro ceedings are sent up to the Poor-law Board, and any irregular proceedings are " quashed " by the central board. Among the general prin ciples laid down for the relief of the poor, it is decided that outdoor relief should be adopted in order to preserve the family tie, and that no relief be granted for more than a period of fourteen days. The chief point which is insisted ton is, that strict supervision be maintained, and for this purpose each " father " is expected to have only four " cases " under his care. THE STATUS oF TRADES UNION'S. The magistrates of Bradford have a great desire that trade should not be " restrained ;" and our legislators seem to have had the same kind of wish, or, at least, the law on the subject is not very clear. When, therefore, a carpenters' trade union prose cuted a secretary for embezzlement, the aforesaid magistrates at Bradford would have nothing to do with the matter because the union was " in restraint of trade." An appeal has just been heard in the Queen's Bench on the matter, and judgment reserved. It is surely time that this question were settled. Most people seem to have thought that the Act of the Recorder of London met the case. NOW verrois. CRIME AND CRIMINALS. Mr. Baker refers to the disputed question as to whether a misdemeanour after a conviction for felony can be punished by a sentence of seven years' penal servitude, and declares that the law should be altered if it is not clear on this point. If a law be contrary to common sense and to the repression of crime, the more the matter comes before the public the better, because the law should not be preserved if it fails to repress crime. By present arrangement a man on his first offence can have five years' penal servitude, and the man committed for the tenth time can have only two years' imprisonment. THE INCOME TAX REPEAL ASSOCIATION. At the Gainsborough Petty Sessions last week the "Income Tax Repeal Association"was finally exposed. This high-sounding company, which professes to have a standing committee of gentlemen of influence and position, with Mi. Whalley, M.P., at their head, really consisted of three men, named Whorlow, Cringer, and Carey. There was not sufficient evidence against the last to sustain the charge of obtaining money under false pretences, and he was therefore chscharged and summoned as a witness. Evidence was given that Gringer and another man had called upon several persons to obtain subscriptions and signatures, purporting to be for the repeal of the income tax. Several gentlemen stated they had given money on the strength of their representations. Carey when put in the witness-box confirmed the previous evidence, and said he was a capt a i n i n th e n avy. Early in November he first saw the prisoner Whorlow, who answered an advertisement which he had put in the papers, and engaged him to collect signa tures and subscriptions for a Yorkshire society. Ile gave him an authority for the collection, saying, " You are quite safe with that ;" and told him the standing committee had Mr. Whalley, M.P., at the head. Mr. Whalley, M.P., Mr. Ilemmerde, of the London and Westminster Bank, and other gentlemen, were then called, and distinctly denied having sanctioned the use of their names. One of them said he had written to Whorlow two years ago on hearing that his name was so used. The prisoners were committed for trial, bail being offered to them. AN UNSOUND LINE. When the fire took place some time back at the Crystal Palace there was plenty of water. The tanks in the towers w ere full ; th ere was enoug h —t oo pressure, a n d th e fi re m i g ht h ave been put out in half an hour ; b u t un f or t una t e ly, much, indeed-- 1 -of water upon the building, split from top to bottom. t w h h e e n h o t h s e e , y b c a e i m n g e Something after the same manner took place at a fire in the suburbs of London t r o ot l t e e t n t , he s early on Sunday morning. The inmates of a house in flames found it impossible to get out. The fire-escape was sent for. It was to hand ; the man who had the watching of it was there—had, indeed, slept in his comfortable box for a twelvemonth without being wa nted for anything special ; and he was not long bringing the ladder to the house. Some persons on the ground floor were saved. But there was a lady on the third floor, and the escape, "With all the latest improvements," was being manipulated for use, when it was found that the fly ladder was broken. The lady had got upon the sill ready for descending, when she saw all was lost. A few minutes after she was seen to fall, and, when the fire was put out, was found burnt to death. Clearly, there is a searching inquiry wanted here. 'Tis the old story over again of the chain with one link unsound. Whose business was it to see that all was right ? The following are the statistics from Chicago:--- , The Health Officer's Report, which has just been mad( up, shows that in 1868 5,760 persons died, and 6,348 were born in Chicago. The number of marriages was 4,684, The cost of the police is $450,000 a year; of its fire de partment, $300,000. There have been 368 fires in Chicago during the year, and 27,700 arrests by the police. It appears that Professor Carl Neuman, of Munich, has discovered from the Chinese year-books that a compa!:y of Buddhist priests entered the continent of America via Alaska, a thousand years before Columbus, and explored thoroughly and intelligently the Pacific borders, penetrating into the Aztec territory, or the "land of Fusung," so called after the Chinese name of the Mexi can aloe. It would be a carious fact to prove, that the Chinese were after all the discoverers of the New World. AN AMERICAN BISHOP ON B,ITUALISM.—Bishop Eastburn, of Massachusetts, condemns the innovations of the ritualists, and has protested against them in a pastoral letter in the following terms :—" I trust that none among you forget that we are a Protestant Church. I sincerely hope that none cf you desire to forget it. The very natue of our Church, inscribed upon its constitution and printed in the title-page of our prayer-book, is The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America.' This is the name in which we should glory. And, moreover, to cling to it is necessary for our own justification ; for if we are not a Protestant Church wo have no right to exist, and the English Reformation was a sin before God. And, rejoicing as I ought to do in this our character, I mourn over recent innovations in our ritual, because they seem to say that we are ashamed of our position, and that, amidst all the blessings purchased for us by that noble army of confessors who protested against Popery amidst the flames, we are hankering after a return from Scrip tural light to the darkness front which we have escaped. And I am surely not unreasonable in expectiug all our ministers and people to share in this unshaken attach ment to our actual position, as a Protestant and reformed communion."—The Ritualists had a great demonstration in London on Tuesday, and a resolution was passed in favour of leaving the question of obedience to the judg mer tof the Privy Council to individual priests. Mr. Mac konochie spoke in favour of relieving the Church from the burden of its connection with the State.—lt is stated that the costs on both sides in the St. Alban's ritual trials amounted to £20,000. It is claimed that the commerce of Chicago is more than two-thirds that of the port of New York, al though Chicago harbour is closed by ice four months of the year. INDIA. he Earl of Mayo did not receives very enthusiastic reception on his arrival at Bombay on December 19. This result was, however, due to accident ; the vessel did not cast anchor until dark, and the Governor-General did not land until the next day. Few persons had heard of the arrival of the Feroze, and hence the assemblage was meagre. Sir Seymour Fitzgerald gave a State dinner on Tuesday, and on Wednesday the new Viceroy quietly departed for Poonah. Lord Napier, on his arrival, at once assumed the com mand of the Bombay army, and held a reception on the Tuesday. The Tints of India announces that an influential com mittee has been formed in Calcutta to raise a Lawrence Memorial Fund, for the purpose of erecting a statue commemorating the Indian career of his Excellency Sir John Lawrence. The news from the famine districts seems to be growing rather worse. Cases of actual starvation now take place frequently. The Times of India fears au approaching catastrophe, and vehemently demands from the Govern ment the most complete relief for distressed districts. It says that a million sterling would have saved 200,000 people who perished miserably in the North Wes'• Provinces in 1860-61. THE AL). M“ CLAIMS. It was announced on authority that the new treaty between England and America respecting the Alabama claims was signed by Lord Clarendon and Mr. Reverdy Johnson on Thursday. On Friday it was sent by President Johnson to the Senate. This is quick work, and may perhaps alarm those who are of opinion that the negotiations would profit by delay until General Grant came into office. But there is, so far, no ground for apprehension as to the consent of the Senate. The Telegraph says the changes in the treaty were suggested by Mr. Seward for the express purpose of securing such a settlement as the Senate would sanction, and that this desire was frankly met by the English Cabinet. The difficulty of getting the Legislature to con firm the act of an unpopular President has been reduced to a minimum. AMERICA. A very hopeful movement has begun in Virginia. Many of the leading men of the State, senators, representatives, governors, acting governors, and others—men of decidedly Conservative politics—have joined with many more in declaring that they will accept in good faith the principle of negro suffrage if Congress will grant universal amnesty. The New York Nation believes that the Legislature will be disposed to encourage this movement, which is directly attributable to the result of the late election, and to Vir ginia's respect for General Grant. Murders and outrages of every kind still continue in some of the Southern States. In Louisiana, a mob has burned the office of a Republican journal, and in another part of the same State two negroes have been murdered. Arkansas is overrun with a robber band. In August, September, and October last, twenty leading Republicans were killed or wounded by assassins, and about two hundred coloured Republicans were murdered, to say nothing of the wounded and whipped. On the whole, however, the news from the South is considered " not so bad." An estimate of the increase of the national wealth of America during the last five years, as exhibited in cotton and iron manufactories, railroads, telegraphs, sheep and other agricultural products, and in the consumption of certain foreign commodities, considers it greater than during any similar period in the national existence. During the same space of time, one million emigrants, bringing with them eighty million dollars, landed in the United States. On the other hand, many of the more important branches of industry, in which before the war American labour and capital were able to defy competition, are now totally unable to make head against foreign produce. This melancholy state of things is ascribed to unequal and heavy taxation, an irredeemable paper currency, and a limited supply of ski led labour. The Times correspondent thinks the prospects of the United States for 1869 are decidedly good, and that this result is not a little due to General Grant's popularity. The belief that his rule will b.! honest, peace ful, and judicious, is shared by all parties. SPAIN. It has now come to the turn of the Prii C 3 Amadeup, Duke of Aosta, to tank in pub'ic estimation ai the candi date for the throne who will be supported by the Provisional Government. The Independance Beige believes this prince to be the real Simon Pure, and the Epoca of Madrid gives very precise details of. the "arrangement." It says that if the duke be made King of Spain, and it happen that by the death of his elder brother without children the crown of Italy should also fall to Lim, he will be required to give up one or the other, the decision to rest with the Great Powers. The kingdom which he resigns will then be allotted to his sister, the Princess Clotilde, wife of Prince Napoleon. This story has the support of the Gaulois, which, at the beginning of the revolution, enjoyed the confidence of General Prim. But it is hardly necessary to point out how complex and how fruitful of future contest such an arrangement must be. It is palpably unfavourable to Prussia, as affording no small chance of a considerable monarchy falling to Prince Napo leon. And should the French Emperor's cousin become heir to the throne of France, the difficulty will be grave indeed. The correspondent of the Constitutionnel greatly doubts whether the elections for the Cortes will awaken the energy and interest which were so markedly deficient at the municipal struggles. With ' the exception of the Republicans, who are as united as ever, and shew only one list of candidates, the mass of electors display the most complete indifference. Nevertheless, it is quite an open question how far the unanimity of the Republicans can counterbalance their inferiority of numbers. The writer deems it certain that none of the numerous parties and sections will number a clear majority in its own ranks. The distinctions, jealousies, and diverse shades of opinion are so endless, that the work of choosing a candidate must be all but impossible. It is, therefore, likely that after the Assembly has squabbled for some time in vain, the work will be delegated to other hands. Most of the candi dates for the Cortes are " men of straw." AUSTRIA. The Vienna journals confirm toe declaration of the North German Gazette, that the violent paper war between Austria and Prussia has ceased for the time. Count Bismarck has ceased firing, and yet Count Beust remains in office. The object of this strange attack, and the cause which has brought about its sudden cessation, are alike mysterious. GERMANY. Whilst the last traces of the Polish nation are dis appearing from that portion of the kingdom which fell to the share of Russia, in Prussia a gratifying act of justice has been done. During the di cession of the Budget of the Interior in the Prussian Chambers, a Polish deputy brought forward a 'motion to the effect that in the pro vinces where the Poles preponderate (East Prussia and Pomerania) an edition of all public documents shall be published in the language of the majority, in addition to the version in German. This proposition, though opposed by the Government, was carried by a sm till majority. THE INSURRECTION IN CRETE. According to letters from M. Champoiseau, the French Consul, first published in the Greek journals, that func tionary has decidedly mistaken his duties. He succeeded, in fact, in procuring the surrender of Petropoulaki by a species of intrigue greatly resembling fraud. He told the insurgent leader that the Governor of the island would thenceforth shoot all prisoners who fell into his hands, giving only a last chance to Petropoulaki, provided he surrendered at once ; that the Enosis was guarded by French and Austrian sailors ; and, finally, that all the Powers would force upon Greece the ultimatum of Turkey. As the French journals reproduce these letters, there is reason to believe in their authenticity; but it is more than doubtful how far a consul is justified in procuring even peace by intelligence which he is unable to guarantee. It Is most probable that the old chieftain was not frightened by M. Champoiseau. It Was the blockade of the Enosis by Hobart Pasha that put an end to the insurrection. The President completed his sixtieth year on New Year's-day, and celbbrated it by giving an evening party to upwards of 300 children at the White House. [ADVERTISEMENT.] -- Dyspepsia (Indigestion), Constipation, Debility, Consumption, and all nervons, bilious, stomach, and liver complaints in every stage, are only aggravated and accele rated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health-restoring Revalenta Arabic°. Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless, such as —cough. asthma, also diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, liver complaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, diphthe ria, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and ears, rheu matism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irrita bility, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea, and sickness, even in pregnancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach and between the shoulders, &c. We quote a few :—The Pope's health restored by Du Barry's Food. Cure No. 63,413—" If ome, July 12, 1866—The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially since, abandon ing all other remedies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabia). Food, of which ho consumes a plate ful at every meal. It has produced a surprisingly beneficial effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this - excellent food too highly.—From the "Gazette du Midi," July 25. Cure N 0.16,270 -Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Fernley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness. Cure No. I,77l—Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord-Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. No. 49,832 —"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma. cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria July." Important Caution. — Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron Liebig's name is most auda ciously attached. In tins, at Is. lid.; 11b. 2s. 9d.; 2 lbs. 4s. Gd.; 5 lbs, lls.; 12 lbs. 225.; 24 lbs.. 40s.—Also De BARRY'S BEYALENTA ARABICA CHOCO LATE POWDER is packed in tin canisters; for 12 cups at 25., for 24 cups at 3s. 6d., for 48 cups at 1 , 5., for 28S cups at 305., for 576 cups at 555.--being about one penny per cup. The 30s. and 55s tins are sent free-of carriage in England on receipt of Post Office Order.—BAßßY DU BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, Lon don; and all Grocers and Chemists. flu7lBll ELIIIG1?A710N TO AMEEIC (Prom Me Anylo •American Times.) No. 111. The climate of the country to be selected is of the first importance, and the best for Englishmen may be briefly described, as that wherein they can work in the fields during most days throughout the year. This implies neither excessive cold nor excessive heat, neither long periods of drought, nor periods of con tinuous rain ; and with such an even, temperate climate, if the soil be ordinarily fertile, the produc tions cultivated in England can be raised. A few words describe them broadly—wheat, potatoes, meadow grass—for the rest follow in a greater or lesser degree. Having settled this main question, a host of minor ones, though material, arise. The first relates to the inhabitants, the Government, the language. Savages in the neighbourhood are objec tionable in proportion to their numbers, bravery, abi lity, cruelty, and hostility, and where the language of the inhabitants differs; where the Government does not enforce just and equitable laws, the coun try is to be avoided. The security of life and pro perty must, in a measure, depend on this, and the form of government supplies no guarantee ; indeed, Republics are, on the whole, worse off in this respect than Monarchies—the most stable Government in South America being the Empire of Brazil, and the most insecure, on either the Northern or Southern continent, being the Republic of Mexico. We may take it as an undisputed fact that Englishmen ought not to locate themselves as permanent settlers in a country whose language is not English, and whose laws and institutions have not an Eng lish basis. As adventurers, as' merchants, striving to gain the means to live hereafter in their native country, Englishmen might readily proceed to such lands, but not as emigrants. These considerations narrow the countries for settlement into the United States and the English colonies ; the colonies being further narrowed to the proper meaning of the term—not conquered countries, such as India and Ceylon, but settled countries like Australia, New Zealand, or even the Cape. Many years' possession of the latter colony has shown that it is not calcu lated to attract English emigration, for simple reasons which can be gathered on reading any book describing it ; and putting it aside, there remain the continent of North America and Australasia. Ea3h of these emigration fields may be broadly divided, the former into British America and the United States, the latter into Australia and New Zealand. Let us contrast the broad merits of the antipodean with the American, for, practically, the question before the English is the one or the other, but it is first necessary to get an idea of each field. The difference between Australia and New Zealand is that, though in a minor degree, between England and India, which means that the countries are wholl3 dissimilar. Australia is a vast tract of arid, sandy land, with fertile portions which still partake of these characteristics. There is a want of flowing water ; it is not a potatoe nor a meadow grass country. The hot dry summer scorches up the soil, leaving the water-courses a series of pools with no visible connection. It is a good wheat land, but the seri ous drawback of Australia is its vast extent, with comparatively limited areas calculated to carry a concentrated population, preventing the rapid in crease of wealth in settlements so widely sepa rated, each with a boundless waste around, into which drift the already scanty inhabitants, where they are in a degree lost. New Zealand differs totally, being limited in area to about the size of the United Kingdom, consisting, like it, of two islands. It is a land of frequent showers, of temperate but stormy climate, sending more water to the sea than any other tract of equal extent. Intersected by gigantic mountains, covered with dense forests, it affords but little space and tracts for a large and continuous stream of emigration, though undoubtedly capable of carrying a very condensed population. Although not adapted as a big field for emigration, it has great attractions in a snalil way, and is destined, though only by degrees—for it is a difficult country to subdue---to become what it has been called, " the Britain of the South." The North Island is cursed with a very powerful, brave, and able body of aboriginal inhabitants, who are likely to deter the settlement of that portion of the colony for many years, as they hold the fast nesses of one of the wildest regions of the world. Still this is only a third of its area, but per haps the best portion, though the wealth is in the Southern island, which par se is admirably qualified to receive British emigrants on a limited scale. The objection first taken to Australasia in Britain is the distance, the expense being a barrier to the poorer, while the world's width from home is cold comfort to the richer. Nor is this mere senti ment, for distance is a drawback which must exert an injurious influence on the antipodal colonies for an age to come. There is the expense of, and time lost on the passage, nor for that one only, but for every future connection, for postage, for freight, and indeed for all transport rendering produce un profitable, which but for the distance would pay, while detracting from the profit on all other ex ports that do pay, and adding to the cost of every thing imported from the home country. Per haps we can best illustrate the truth of what we assert by bringing, say, New Zealand to within a hundred miles of Great Britain, with its climate and resources precisely as they now are. In ten years after, it would rank as a power in Eu rope, and in a hundred years it would perhaps be as productive, and therefore as wealthy an island, as Great Britain. The distance then is a material point, and as long as the United Kingdom remains the cen- tre of the Empire it will affect most injuriously these far-off colonies. A fac-simile of any portion of England cannot be reproduced anywhere in Austra- lia,though it can in New Zealand, islands forming but a small part of what is comprehended in the word Australasia. The antipodes, then, is not con genial to Englishmen ; and although a great effort will be made to turn the tide of emigration there, it will, more or less, fail, for these two reasons—dis tance and an uncongenial country. The North Ame rican Continent is mainly marked by being divided into a colony, and into a foreign country ; and, in pro portion as the effort to divert the tide of emigration to Australia fails, will be the attempt to confine it to British America. People who learn the results of former attempts save themselves the trouble and escape from a delusion which not only disappoints their efforts, but tends to make mischief. North Ame rica is all open ; whether the emigrant be landed north of the St. Lawrence or south of it the tendency will be towards the districts which offer the greatest inducements. This is in obedience to a law of nature which it is vain to strive against, while we have before shown that, even if possible, it would ba injudicious. The broad belief whereon the desire is grounded is that the United States are a hostile community, and in directing emigration to the Republic, Great Britain is but strengthening her rival, and perhaps her future enemy. It is astonishing to see an opinion so general with so poor a foundation, and that it should not be more apparent, that this supposed hostile country will . become friendly in proportion to the magnitude of a good, sound emigration directed there. The noisy element of hostility arises from the unfriendly portion of the Irish, which emigration England was ac tually pleased to see flow there, as if placing an enemy in a better position added to her secu rity. We have often before urged the advisa bility of meeting the Irish with their own wea pons, and in their own stronghold, that is, by try ing the effect on the United States of a good, sound English emigration, which, however distasteful to the Irish there, would be heartily welcomed by the native American, whom it would tend to strengthen, for his natural sympathy is with the English, and not with the Irish. It is then not only useless to make this distinction in the field for emigration which must be selected, but, in truth, it is directly for the interest of the kingdom and of the race that the continent should be viewed as a whole, the preference for the United States being encouraged, rather than the reverse. It gives the most exten sive and the finest field ever offered to mankind, in truth, a choice such as can scarcely fail to please every taste. In common with all large spaces of land, the climate, to an Englishman, runs into an ex tremes of heat in summer and of cold in winter ; but this is absol u t e l y unavo id a bl e , th e alternative being an island such as Great Britain ; and the only one we know of where the climate in the main resembles that of England is New Zealand. Taking America then as hotter than En gland in summer and colder ia winter, we have a diversified region embracing all manner of productions to suit the labourer in seek ing employment, and all manner of agricultura l tracts to suit the taste of the producer, while Govern ment offers inducements in liberal grants of land, ill liberty and citizenship, in equal laws and security at least equalling those of any other country. It is an extraordinary fact that the attractions for Englis h emigration extend over the whole area, broad as i t is ; to be found as well on the Pacific shore as ° II the Atlantic ; in Minnesota, bordering on the liai son Bay Territory, and in Texas, skirting Mexico. Tested, as we assert Englishmen should try th e country they select as a home, both Minnesota it( the north and Texas in the south will be found to answer the requirements, and this is a very cari ous fact, and one which more than any other shows how uniform the continent in truth is, and adapted for one nationality. In our next namber we pro pose to deal with these two States in proof of wha t we adduce, also taking Maine as the most . Easte rn State, and California as the most Western, wi th Kansas as the centre of the Union ; while we desire to close our present remarks with a few geue r , 3l , observations on the conside ra ti ons w hi c h should direct the selection. Locality and availability are of more importance than fertility. By locality we mean the advantages the site affords of getting int o communication with the rest of the world, and the probabilities it gives of rising into importance in t he future. A navigable river, a great trunk railwah are such means of communication. By availability we mean the readiness with which the land can b e turned to account. A tract which has to be cleared from dense wood, though more fertile, is not e ° valuable for agricultural purposes as the prairie ready for the plough, as the work of the family °l - for a generation is required to clear the soil. Open land therefore will command a greater em i " gration than the best forest country, the more seas the untouched prairie furnishes grass for live stock , and thus at once supplies the farmer with the mea ns of living. This simple fact is the true reason why Canada cannot retain he r i mm i gran t s i n t h e face of Illinois, lowa, and such States. These are the broad considerations, while there are numberless min or ones, which we have not here the space to discus -4' Captain Burton is once mor e b e f ore th e publi c He is at this moment in Brazil; but his wife has brough t his manuscript to Europe, and seen through the press h i ?, new work, "Explorations of the Highlands of the Brazil. A Maryland Club has asked Governor Bowie t° appoint Major Contee Adjutant-General of that Sta te ' ttrging his services to the Confederacy as a reason, stating that he was conspicuous on the staff of General Elz i e; whose command secured the first battle of Manassas, and carried victory to the Confederate banners. The Public Ledger says the London correspell' dent of the New York Tribune, who made such grievous crimplaints of Reverdy Johnson's attending so many dm: ners, is now displeased because the Minister did not attend the Fishmongers' dinner. The President's Amnesty Proclamation is 0111 ' able to Breckinridge, who is now proposed for Governor of Kentucky.—The case of Judge 13usteed, of Alabama, 15 now before the House Judiciary Sub-Committee.—A " 5011 of an English Lord," it is announced, has dug a ca" the bank of the river at Cornwall, Connecticut, in wh ieb he has settled with his family f o r th e w i n t er. —The 1 3 05 t% Advertiser thinks that William A. A s t or i s t oe r ich f ° : comfort.—A Chinese print er wor k s on t h e S an Jose (Cal.' f ornia) Mercury. We extract the following from the Ballinzore Commercial:—"Joseph Howard, jun., managing e dit° ,, rl and John Armstrong, city editor of the New York PI -- crat, and other members of Pomeroy's staff, have left the paper. The opinion in Printing -house-square is that r° and tha t 0 0 meroy has at last discovered his mistake, notoriety of his journal having passed away he will s l be obliged to disconti nue it s pu bli cat i on. He cla i ms , h° ever, that its success is assured." Aaron Abbott, f a th er o f S ena t or Abb ott, a Isror t t il Carolina, died at Concord, N.H., Dec. 31.—Mosby an old Revolutionary soldier, aged 121 years, died in B ic '' '. mond, Virginia, Dec. 29. Major J. B. Coit, o f N orw i c h , C onn., h as bad tlje following brevets conferred upon him:—Lieutenant -c°10 ; nel, for gallantry and meritorious services at the batti° ° Antietam ; colonel, for thobattle of Gettysburg; brigad iet i ; general, for the Wilde rness campa i gn —to date from gi re 13, 1865.—Charles Collins has been appointed super dent of the Like Shore Railroad in place of 11. Nottin ,, ham, who will accept an important position on the -11111° i :: Pacific.—Four comm'ssioncd officers of the battle of 14° ' . ; Erie still survive : R ea d-Ad m i ra l J o h n B. M on tgonleJ l l Commander Stephen Champlin, C a pt a i ns Thus Browe and Hugh Nelson Page. Mr. J. Q. A. Warren, of California, left 1. 011 ":"4 en Tuesday morning for Paris. H e h as a l arge and collection of the shells and flowers of his own and °t the States. A portion of these he h as a l rea d y di spose d of t° British Museum, and many critical notices of his taro beautiful specimens have appeared in Loudon sciont' journals. Dr. J. G. Holland, an American author and P° eO, , and an editor of the Springfield Republican, is at Nap Professor Perkins, a distinguished astronomer of 1,0 York, is also there. M r . L ong f e ll ow and family ar e ° in Rome. On New Year's Day, Daniel M. Fox was il la s tv gurated Mayor of Phil a d e l p hi a. The oath of o ffi ce Ai hisadministeredsuccessor r b . y m J ,3 u f e g h e as l t i b s o e n , retiringin presence y o o r f , ta dthe t esco rt :, to the Mayor's office, and put him in P °so t Sion of the same. The contest for the office, on ac e° ,:e cf alleged f rau d s i n the election, is pending before Court. The demurrer to the declaration of N" (1 1 01' Chenery in his su it aga i nst John Z. Goodrich, late - 130 lector of Cust oms a t B oston, has been overrule 3 t;00 Supreme Court, which h as d ec l are d th a t " t h e declara"' to sets forth sufficient cause of action." This a ction i , 5 12 , 0 recover damages, laid at $25,000, for Mr. o° , ° ,,, ri s tp charge, in his pamphl e t o f t wo years ago, t h a t t- 1 7:ol cheated the Government ou t o f $2 , 993 b y an 00.5`c) double duty. dog The Pacific Mail Steam s hip C om p an y, run A l to a line betw een S an F ranc i sco an d Ch i na, has refuse Dap, give bonds of indemnity, or p a y comm ission n i to for the emigrants b roug ht i n t o C a lif orn i a . Sutts„ - dia therefore been brought to recov er th e p ena lty for 1' 1 1,6 00 , 4,924 Chine se p assengers , w hi c h amounts to $4,92';y t 'The company argue that th e St a t e l aw on this imposes a tax on commerce, and is, therefore, unc °lls ho ir tional. The commutation money, $5 per head, ".„ ever, paid by the emigrants at the port of embarkati°;;; Florida is called the poor man's paradise a ' 7 ,o correspondent. He says a 500 dollar house there D o good as a 2,500 dollar one at the North. There t if ' o o wood-pile or hay-mow to provide, and land is fifty an acre. I war° The letter-carriers i n Wil m i ng t on , DeJ 5. t ot made their appearance on New Year's Day in tilt' .l uniforms. The suits are of gr ey ca d e t c l o th. W .- 0 133 0* with black. The buttons, of brass, ha ve th e letters stamped upon them. ADVERTISEMENT.I-11.0119 way's Ointment and r External Diseases.—Every description of ulceration, se re .' fi eV e d wound, and indolent ulcer i s at once arres t e d i n its do ei ' o iiiio progress by the early and judicious application of this /$ ointment, which substitutes healthy for unhealthy' e c ,.. ti m ° Pr e : soothes and cools all inflammatory affections of the e'''';,oo"; vents their spreading, and ultimately leaves the surfac e : g pi ll ; When the disease has been of long duration, Hollosr aY ;olt should be taken while his ointment is being used; th e y the cure by purifying the blood and regulating the circ i , g , The ointment is an ad m i ra bl e auxiliary in subduing 00." rashes and eruptions common to the nursery; t h e re ti - L v t use of these medicam en t s w ill ease many an ac hi n g Dee 3::..,,, Births. DURRANT—On the 15th inst., at F, of Hotel, t110:111of ord's . Sir Henry Durrant, Bart, of Scottow PI" ife daughter.the if MACPRERSON—On the 16th i ns t., at Edinburgbi • of Major Macph erson, o f Glentruim, of a son. f 0 17 . NISBET—On the 18th i ns t , at Kilburn, the wif e °- C. Nisbet, Esq., o f a son. Marriages. HORMUTII—MERINO —On the 16th inSt., at tuu Catholic Chur c h o f St. Mary's, West mo relan bt o , Maurice Hormuth, Esq., to Mathilda, only daefrottieg Pedro N. Merino, Esq, of 27, Arundel-garden s, hill. SIMMONDS—MAY—On the 16th inst., a t Cbarlrseee li G. 11. Simmonds, Esq., of Penge, to Sophia, t;`Ooli ee, daughter of George May, Esq., of Sidmoutu Reading. Deaths. ar o 13. ARMSTRONG —On the 15th inst., at 29, Chester-Sq.° B. Armstrong, Esq., Q.C., aged .' 84. e WU/ NJ , 00 BROMLEY—On the 16th inst., at Pau, Clara Fitz del o f of Thos. Bromley, Esq., of Stoke-park, Notts, I la rou daughter of Sir Fitz ro y K e ll e y, Lord Chief m die the Exchequer. t, ca. rd IforE—On the 16th inst. at Bedgeburypark, l'-,e7:3oresf° rine, fifth daughter of Mr. and Lady illildrea. lope, aged 21. __.! a 86 ..4' LANGLEY— On the 17th inst., Sophia LangleY , s ,,i ° t tiOPF SINGLETON— On the 17th inst., at No. 5, Lower Lii.b' .. street, C. J. Singleton, Esq., aged 66. N O , ,ondon : Printed and Pfalished by WILLI9AI 14 :` 14c 1 of of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at l'lts SUN 0 61-3 ' 0 ,01 0 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Middlesex.—Tuesday, January 111, 18t9.