The Sun. — London, England, 1860-10-23 00:00:00

BENSON'S WATCHES.' )Perfection " n of mechanism. —Morning Post. Gold ........ ........ sto 50 100 guinmeseas.. ............. .•... to gul scrip- Send 2 stam‘ps for Benson's Illustted Pamphlet, de Illustrate tive of every ;;;,nstruction of watch nowra.le, with their prices. Watches sent to al' parts of the king dom free by poet, or to India and the Coloosies for 58. extra. 33 and 34, Ludgate.oll, London,E.C. Established 1749. ____--------- ----_________--__------ p OVAL ENGLIS t-lt OPERA, COVENT ' od GAY:DRY—under the M;:nagement of Miss LOUISA FYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON, ,gole Lessees. THIS EVll.l\ G. CROWN DIA MONDS. Miss L. Pyne Miss Thirlvrwit : Mr. NV. Harrison, A'fr. H. Corri, Mr. A. St. ' Albyn, Mr. Eforneastle, and Mr. G. lie.' l 7. Conductor —Mr. Alfred M(Slon- DIVE RTISSCMENT. poora open at Seven. Commence at Ha!f-past. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYN:ARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buekstone. THIS EVENING the c erformanoes will onmm ' , D 6P. with THE LOVE CHASE. Mears. Chippendale, Howe, Rogers, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Amy Sedg - ,wick, Miss Florence Hay:ion. After which, the revived comedy of THE IRISH A 46 i: BASSADOR. Mr. John Brougham, Miss Florence Higdon,. Mrs. E. Fitzwiiliam. And THE SUN AND THE WIND. By the Leclercqs. ''l. Commence at 7. B OYAL PRINCE S S'S THEATRE.- Lessee and Manaffer. Mr. A. Harris This Theatre will R-OPEN on SATURDAY NEXT, E Oct. 27, when 31r. Fechter, the favourite actor of Parisian re nown, will make his first appearance on the English stage. in an adaptation of Victor lingo's celebrated Play of . RUY BLAS, by Edmund Falconer, Esq. ; characters also by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Meadows, Garden, Graham, Raymond, Morland, Collett, Paulo, Daly, A. 'Harris ; Miss Rose Leclercq, Mrs. Weston, and Miss heath. To be preceded by SUSAN SMITH. After the Farce, the admired Play of THE FIRST NIGHT. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM. Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. In consequence of the extraordinary success attending the production at this Theatre brilliantS Knowles's Comedy of "TIM LOVE CHASE," the reception accorded to Miss Gougenheim in the charaeter of Constance, and the enthusi astic applause bestowed on Mrs. Keeley's per of The Widow Green, the Management feels called upon to announce its repetition during the ensuing week. THIS F.VENING, the performances will commence with Sheridan Knowles's Comedy of THE LOVE CHASE. The Scenic Department under the direction of Mr. Wm. Callcott. Principal charaeters by Mr. T. Lyon, Mr. Henry Neville, Mr. George Vining, Mr. IL Butler, Mr. Forrester, Mr. Campb ell, Mrs. Keeley, Miss Kate Saville, and Miss Gougenhelm. On Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. the per formances will commence with a Comic Drama. b Charles Selby, Esq , entitled THE HUSBAND OF MY HEART, principal characters by Mr. Cworge Vining, Mr. H. Neville, Mr. John Rouse, Mr. Forrester, Mrs. Keeley, Mrs. J. Rouse, and Miss Goughenheim. After which, a BALLET DIVERTISEMENi in which the celebrated Dancers the M isses Marie and nie Collin eon will appear. To conclude with. every Evening, a New Drama, entitled THE PIONEERS OF AMERICA, principal characters by Mr. H. Watkins (his Bth appearance in England?, Mr. Henry Neville, Mr. Campbell, Mr. Lyon, Mr. Villiers, Mr. Forrester, Mr. H. Butler, Mr. J. Johnstone, Mr. J. Morris, Miss Kate Saville, and Miss Turner. Dail, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL , Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Beni. Webster. Great Sueoess of the new Drama, by Dion Boureleault, Esq.. The Colleen Bawn."—Miss Agnes Robertson every even. THIS EVENING, THE RIFLE CORPS. Messrs. W. Smith. D. Fisher, C. Selby, Miss NV oolgar, Miss Kate Kelly, and Mrs. Billington. After which, THE COLLEEN BAWN. D. Bourcicault, D. Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson. C. J. Smith, Romer. Mias Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Cliatterley. To concludp with MUSIC HATH CHARMS. Mr. David Fisher. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5. No charge Sr• 3 booking. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Fautuy Boxes:lL Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Cirole Stalls, Is. • Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, ls. 6 d. ; Amphith eatre, is ; Gallery, 13(11 Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.— Proprietor and Manager, Mr. WM. BATTY. Triumphant success and increasing popularity of the Grand Spectacle of Room Hoop. This Evening, the highly successful new Spectacle, in Three Acts, by 14:. Fitzball, Esq., entitled ROBIN HOOD; or, the Merry Outlaws of Sherwood ; introducing the Stud ofhighly trained Horses, Herd of real Deer, Stag Hounds, kc, Alien s-Dale, Miss Rebecca Isaacs;; Robin Hood, Mr. John Prit chard. To be succeeded by Scenes in the Arena—Star Riders of Europe. Doors open at half -r ast 6, performance commenCe at 7. Box-offioe open daily from 11 till 4. Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST. Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson. CANTERBUR Y HALL CONCERTS.- EVERY EVENING, A Grand Selection from the opera of NOR3IA. Norma .... •• • • ............ Miss RUSSELL. Adalulsa ........ • • .......... Madame MARIA, (Her first appearance in this country.) After which the ETHIOPIANS, consisting of Seventeen Per formers, organised expressly for this establishment, for the Performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with Negro Delineations, Anecdotes, Sze. Prin cipal Negro Artistes, Messrs. Joe Brown, G. W. Pell, H. Drummond, and Charley Vox. Musical Director, Mr. F. JONGFDIANS. Balcony. Is, Hall. 6d. TILE IVEATHER.--Srx OFFICE, OCT. 23, 1860. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 57—this day at noon. 51—lowest this morning and during the night. Gl—highest since noon yesterday. BAuomTER-30.12. WlND—South-Westerly ; light, with dull, mild weather, and some sprinkling of rain. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, Bh. 33m.—Afternoon, 9h. 14m. To-monnow.-Morning, 9h. 54m.—Afternoon, 10h. 34m. 4 y , 4 - i4: 7* * - 4.7 . 1 ' " p 4, -1 - 1; • t. THE SUN. LONDON, TUESDAY, OCT. 23, 1860, Our readers noticed, we suppose, the Prussian Note, in reply to Count CAYOUR'S memorandum, ' in defence of the course taken by Sardinia in Italy; and they probably noticed also the speeches of Major BERESFORD and Mr. Du CANE at the grand Conservative dinner at Hineford. They may advantageously compare the two. The note of the Prussian Foreign Secretary is the deliver ance of German Liberalism, such as it is, on the affairs of Italy ; the speeches of the English members of Parliament are the deliverance of the most thorough English Conservatism, on the same subject. Comparing the two it does, indeed, make us, hearty Liberals as we are, proud of our Conservatives. It reminds us of the political brotherhood of all Englishmen, and of how trivial, after all, are the differences which divide us politically when we view them in the light of Continental Governments. The English Tories, while denouncing revolution, while adverting to their inborn and hereditary aversion to it, proclaimed a far greater aversion to irresponsible tyranny ; and while they could not d eny that in one sense GARIBALDI was a brigand , they gloried in him as a " patriot-brigand," and Were ready to drink success to his expedition. A meeting of High and Dry English Tories—with Major BERESFORD the veritable " W.B."— at their head, bids the tyrants of Europe in truth look to themselves. Conservatism in England does not mean breaking u p an " irresponsible tyranny."..We trust continental despots will study this lesson. It is as instructive to them, perhaps more so, as our Rifle Volunteers. If the latter teaches them that they had better let as alone, the former may teach them that it would take very littl e to rouse England as one man to the aid of foreign patriots, Mill that at least their oppressors may look in vain to us for help. The speeches of such men may be m ore i mpressive a t Berlin, Vienna , and St. Petersburg, than those of all the Radicals in or out of Parliament. i What w ill the Prussia n Kreutz Zeitttn g thi nk Id their fellow Conservatives here. Bat a word on Baron SCHLEINITZ and his note. It was sent to Turin just about the time that our Foreign Secretary and he were having their tete-a tete at Coblentz, and is not therefore without mean ing to us. The Baron is in - a difficulty. Prussia wishes to maintain in Germany the idee nationale ; it is her card for popularity with the States of the Buud. Yet she hates its application in the Italian style. The Baron says, therefore, after praising the principle of nationality, that according to the Sardinian note, everything should yield to the national wishes, and whenever public opinion is Pronouncedin favour of those wishes the existing a uthorities have only to abdicate their power in the P resen ce of such a manifestation. But a maxim so diametrically ep_posed to the most elementary rules of the right or without the nations could not be put in force most ser • low* danger to the quietude isr••••••..011 0 .... of Italy, to the balance of power, and the peace of Europe. To sustain this maxim the road of reform is abandoned for that of revolUtion. It certainly is very difficult to understand what the principle of nationality is worth if the nations, when their Governments have driven them to re pudiate them as unendurable, are not entitled to bid them abdicate in fav our of better men. Revo lution is the reform required, by the Baron's good leave, when things have come to that point. He complains that while the Count asks for non-i in the nter- , v ention in Italy, he is himself intervening States of the Church. The worthy B ar on does not seem to comprehend the fact that Italy is now,ans in its own judgment , a nation, and that some Itali helping other Italians is in their view not inter vention but brot herhood. However, things in Italy will now take their ,iwn course. The ambassador of Portugal may be wii,hdrawn from Turin at the instance of the C OBI 3_ I 4,GS - all the ambassad ors may go, if they l ik e _...l\`Taples will he compensation enough for their absence. As for tho report from St. Petersburg that Lord JOjTN has written thither acknowledging the absolute right ~;f Austria to Venetia, we cannot believe a word of it: We do not forget his dis creditable dispatch to G-m.nt CAVOUR, but that did his lordship must know not go such lengths ; a nd full well that his p lace in he Cabinet would soon 4: for London too, if be vacant, and perhaps his sea. EOEURGS and to he dared so to sell himself to the' Prussia. We sha ll not believe such a rumour till w e have proof of it s truth ; and, simply because Lord JOHN RUSSELL is not qui - te mad. .direct It is with peculiar satisfaction that wC the notice of the publi c g enerall y to a fecent charge made to the local grand jury by one of cm learned Recorders. The document (given by us as nearly as possible in its entirety) will be founa in another part of our impression of this evening ; and it is one especially entitled to the considera tion of all classes of the community—to all classes we might say without any distinction or exception whatsoever. It constitutes a carefully elaborated epitome of the results of the last year's legislation — giving us an abstract of the most important among the various public and general acts of this last session—viz., the 23 and 24 VICTORIA. The learned Recorder, whose charge we have (and for this reason) selected for publication in our columns, is no other thin the late M.P. for Midhurst, himself consequently but recently among the number of our legislators, during the last nine years one of her MAJESTY'S Counsel learned in the law, and one who,' strange to tell, combines with a brilliant re putation in the fields of imaginative literature no inconsiderable repute among our living English jurisconsults. Mr. WARREN'S very remarkable abridgment of Blackstone's Commentaries, care fully adapted by him to existing law, and anno tated throughout with singular perspicuity, has long since taken its place among the recognised text books at our Universities. Reference to this work being here made by us designedly—(how ever apparently apropos des bottes, and no matter with what abruptness)—because this late charge de livered to the grand jury at Hull by Mr. WARREN as the local Recorder, is of a character so remark able in its way as an epitome of the latest additions to the statute-books of the realm, that it might be not inappropriately appended to those several compre hensive supplementary chapters or divisions closing the last edition of that well-known, popular, and' widely-distributed Handbook of the Laws of Eng land, WARREN'S BLACKSTONE. A glance, however casual, down this last really valuable charge to the grand jury by the Hull Re corder can hardly fail to surprise those (and they are not a few) who have hitherto declared the recent Par liamentarysession to have been a mere waste of pub lic time in idle and fruitless discussions. That the Lords and Commons, but especially that the Com mons have talked over-much this year, is certainly a truth, a very melancholy truth, altogether be yond the reach of contradiction. And for this exceeding verbosity and garrulity the popular re presentatives have received very recently the well written reprehension of no less eminent an autho rity than Lord BROUGHAM himself, the greatest law reformer of the age, and (dividing the two grand divisions of his public life) one of the most illustrious members of both branches of the Impe rial Legislature. Upon the needless prolongation of the debates in Parliament, more particularly among the popular representatives, Lord BROUGHAM has recently pronounced weighty and sternly de served words of reprobation. Yet in testimony that while the Lords and Commons have talked much, they have also done much in the way of whblesome legislative improvements, let us con tent ourselves with directing the attention of the general public to Mr. WARREN'S useful and lucid summary of the salient points in last year's varied legislation. It will be there seen that the public acts alone number up a grand total of no less than 154 altogether—that while 40 of them relate exclusively to Ireland and Scotland, the re maining 114 include among them enactments of the most vital interest and of the gravest importance. Foremost among these • are five acts affecting the safety of the realm—two affecting the organisation of the Legislature—eleven materially affecting our fiscal and financial regulations — besides others affecting the momentous subjects of education, marriage, pluralities, charitable bequests, tithe commutations, juvenile labour in mines, female and juvenile labour in factories, &c., &c. Better, how ever, than the presentation here of any dry cata logue of these important acts is the terse and lucid exposition of them, given elsewhere, in the charge itself'of the learned Recorder of Hull. By the delivery of that charge Mr. WARREN has unques ionably done good service at once to the public at arge and to the Imperial Legislature. Speeches are latterly " cropping up" in the pro vinces after an unusually prolonged silence, conse quent upon the reaction which began immediately upon the close of Parliament. Mr. Du CANE has given us his motions as to the hopes of Conserva tism. Sir ARCIIIBALD ALISON, as the historian of Europe, assures us of his conviction of the rapid approutli of a general collision among the Powers of the Continent. 51r InuN COLERIDGE, address ing a public meeting in the Guildhall, at Exeter, expatiates at some length upon the educational in fluences of the Oxford local examinations. Sir Jonx PATTESON, talking to an agricultural gather ing down at the annual ploughing-match dinner at Feniton, in Devonshire, comments in his turn upon the judicial labours that have happily ceased in his own instance after those labours of his had been continued by a very unusual prolon gation. It is one portion of the purely personal and almost familiar remarks of this venerable ex judge that we would here particularise as being eminently characteristic of the hard-working, :- solute, persevering race of which old Sir JOAN PATTESON may be taken as a very favourable specimen. It is a fallacy, he reminds the far mers awn at Feniton, an absolute fallacy for the hedgers and ditchers, the mechanics a n d day-labourers, to suppose that they are the toilers par excellence, that no one really works but them selves. "We are all workers," says Sir JOHN, " the man who ploughs the field, and who digs the hedge, is a worker, but there are other workers in other stations of life as well. For myself I can say that I have been a worker ever since I have been a boy"—the learned ex-Judge still apparently claiming to be regarded as a boy, "an old boy," of course, and still seemingly occupying his time with self-imposed exertions, though now seventy 1 Entering a little into . his own personal history, Sir JOHN PATTESON adds—" When I ac septed the office of judge, I had a salary of a thou sand pounds a year below what I was earning by my own exertions at the bar. True it is that I had a pension when I retired from the bench, which a judge is entitled to receive after he has served 15 years, but I had served 22 years. Recollect, I might have continued at the bar and have made a larger income and saved more money even than I have got by the pension. The office of judge is by no means a sinecure, for a, judge works as hard as any man in the country. He has to work at very difficult questions of law which are brought before him continually, giving him great anxiety, and sometimes the lives of his fellow-creatures are placed in his hands, and are dependent very much upon the manner in which he places the facts before the jury. That is a matter of no little anxiety, I can assure you. Let any man think as he will, there is no man who has been through the ordeal for the length of time that I have, but must feel conscious of the importance and gravity of the duty which is cast upon a Judge." These remarks, or rather reminders, are in no way exaggerated. We accept them as literally accurate, and so accepting them we all of us exult sympathetically in the thought of men like Sir JOHN PATTESON and Sir JOHN COLERIDGE enjoying the otium cum dignitate, which they have so laboriously earned the right to at the close of their honourable careers in their high and respon profession. ,Ze--.IE THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING,' OCTOBER 23, 1860. ,E~r: LATE %Sr ..1.4L . The following telegrams have been received at Mr, Reuter's office : NAPLES, OCT. 22. In the provinces of Ostani, Brindisi, Paola, Lecce, and Catanzaro, the voting is almost unani mously in favour of annexation. PARIS, OcT. 23. The Constitutionnel contains an article signed by M. Grandguillot congratulating the Austrian Government on the reforms just*promulgated, and expressing regret that the Government had not sent a civil, instead of a military Governor- General to Venice. THE NEAPOLITAN ANNEXATION. PARIS, OCT. 23. The rumours that enormous convoys of materiel and munitions of war had proceeded during the last few days on the road to Lyons, is not true. LONDONDERRY, OCT. 23. The Montreal Ocean Com.pany's steamer North American, Capt. Alton, which left Quebec on the 13th inst., has arrived and landed all mails. The Etna, from Liverpool, had arrived out. The Governor-General of Canada left on the 12th inst. for Boston, en route for England. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales reached New York on the 11th inst. His reception was most enthu siastic. The ball on the night of the 12th inst. went off with great eclat. Advices from Mexico state that the British Go vernment contemplated withdrawing diplomatic relations. Miramon had announced that the Libe rals had rejected another proposal of the British Government for the restoration of peace. Three hundred dollars had been subscribed at Boston for the sufferers by the loss of the Con naught. The passengers had held a meeting, and passed resolutions complimentary to Captain Leech Wilson, the officers, and crew of the vessel, for their noble conduct. NEW YORK, OCT. 12. FRANCE. The Constitutionnel publishes the following semi official statement, signed " Grandguillot," relative to the report current that Baron Hubner had arrived at Paris to sound the French Government as to how it would act if Austria attacked Sardinia : "The report has been spread in these last few days, with systematic perseverance, that Austria had resolved to in tervene in Italy. One journal spoke yesterday even of a sort of secret mission said to have been entrusted to an old diplomatist, with a view to elicit from the French Govern ment an explanation on the bearing which, cas ccheant, it would attach to such an intervention. 0 It is our duty to put the public on its guard against reports of a nature to mislead public opinion and alarm public interests. "For some time Austria has given proof in her external policyof a reserve and wisdom which it would be unjust not to admit. The eminent statesman who is at the bead of the Department of Foreign Affairs at Vienna knows bet ter than any one how much an offensive attitude of Austria would complicate the state of affairs in Italy. A purely defensive attitude of offers, moreover, too many advantages to the Austrian Government for it to be supposed that it would easily renounce it. _ . " As regards ourselves, we are fully convinced that this is the line of conduct which she has adopted, and from which she does not intend to depart." BOURSE, Oct. 22.—The market has been more buoyant, and prices show an improvement in the closing rates of Saturday. For the Account, Threes are now at 68f 95c; Mobilier, 707 f 50c; Orleans, 1,366 f 25c; Northern, 971 f 25c; Mediterranean, 918 f 75c; Austrian and Lombard, 485 f. The fol lowing are the last quotations : 4} per per Cents 95 70 Do, end month 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 75 Bank Shares . . 2845 I Credit Mobilier 696 25 Do. Account 696 251 Credit Fanciar 897 50 Belgian 4f 99 50 Piedmontese Fives 79 Roman Austrian Spanish Threes 4B 50 Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1365 .. 1363 75 Northern New ditto BB5 .. 885 Lyons and Mediterranean 915 .. 915 Geneva — -- •• Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Loirbard SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the 18th publish nume rous paragraphs respecting the attempted assassi nation of the Queen, near the Puerta del Sol ; but all they say proves the affair was of no importance whatever. In the lodgings of the culprit was found a "Life of Masaniello." Although the mat ter seems of no real consequence, municipalities and other public bodies were transmitting by tele graph their congratulations to the Queen on her providential escape ; and the Correspondancia mentions a report that six or seven persons had been arrested for suspected participation in it. The Nuncio at Madrid is stated within the last few days to have remitted to the Pope 20,000,000 reels (5,000,000 f.), which had been raised by the bishops. PASSPORTS IN NORWAY.—A Norwegian, in a letter to a contemporary, says :—" In Saturday's impression I read a letter dated Stockholm, the 10th of October, in which tho writer informed you of the abolition of passports in Sweden, at the same time stating that this is the first in• stance of such a regulation in any part of continental Europe. Allow me to say that this is slightly incorrect. The initiative was taken by Norway, where the last Stor thing entirely did away with passports. GALLANT LIFEBOAT SERVICES.—SIXTEEN LIVES SIVED.—FLEETWOOD, Saturday.—This morning, about 8 o'clock, during a heavy gale of wind, with a very high sea rolling over the banks, the American barque Vermont, of Halifax, slipped both her anchors in the offing, and drove before the gale on Barnett'sb ank, about three miles from Fleetwood. The lifeboat belonging to the National Life boat Institution was immediately manned by Capt. Wasey, R.N., her coxswain, J. Fox, and a crew of eleven men. After having been launched she was taken in tow by a steam-tug, which took the lifeboat to windward of the ship. After some difficulty and considerable skill on the part of the crew, a communication was effected with the wreck, from which 15 men and a pilot were fortunately taken off. They wore soon afterwards safely brought on shore about one o'clock. As soon as they were landed the services of the lifeboat were again called into requisition ; but the re sult of her proceedings this time has not as yet been ascer tained. This excellent lifeboat has only been on this im portant station about 12 months, but during that period she has been instrumental in rescuing during very stormy weather 27 persons from a watery grave from the wrecked vessels Anne Mitchell, of Montrose ; Catherine, of Newry ; the Jane Roper, of Ulverstone ; and the barque Vermont, of Halifax, as above related. Capt. Wasay, R.N., and the • coxswain Fox have on each occasion been off in the lifeboat. Money and Exchange unaltered. Stocks mo derately active and higher. Flour sales 9,000 bar rels. State and Western descriptions little firmer. Canadian quiet. Wheat a shade better, and in fair demand for export. Corn better and in fair de mand. Sales 20,000 bushels. Oats steady. Beef unaltered, but steady. Lard dull. MONTREAL, OCT. 13. Flour is very active and large sales have taken place. Wheat has changed hands at 1 dol. 20c. for No. 1 Chicago spring. Peas unchanged. Ashes in moderate demand. [LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT.] NEW YORK, OCT. 13. The steamer Africa, from Liverpool, has arrived here. The Arago and Glasgow have sailed for Europe with a trifling amount of specie. Stocks' are steady. New York Central, 831; Erie, 391 ; Illinois Central, 83i. The cotton market is firm, but prices are unchanged. The sales in three days reach 10,000 bales. The markets for bre ad stuffs are unsettled and excited, and prices have an upward tendency. Flour is quoted 10c. to 15c. higher. Wheat has risen 3c. to 15e. Provisions steady. It is reported that there was a frost at New Orleans last night. NEW ORLEANS, OCT. 12. The cotton market is unaltered. Middling is quoted 10Ic. 101 c. The sales of the week amount to 34,000 bales; receipts during the same period, L 32,000 bales ; receipts below last year, 55,000 bales. THE POPE AND THE EMPEROR. The relations between the Court of Rome and that of France—between the spiritual head of the Catholic Church and that Church's eldest son — have become so strained and so embarrassing, so awkward and so unsatisfactory, that whilst on the one hand the Pope, only two or three weeks ago, had positively announced his intention of with drawing from his protectors, on the other hand the members of the higher French clergy have renewed their attacks and redoubled their animosity against the Imperial Government. The fact is that the Pltramontanes have been overtaken by what ap pears to them as the greatest of all possible calami ties. They have been outwitted, out.schemed and out manceuvred. They hoped to subject France, and through France to subject Europe to their will ; but where they expected to possess a servant they have found a master. This result is, however, only the last stage of a diplomatic struggle between the Vatican and the Tuileries, which has never ceased for one day during the last twelve years, and of which the alternate successes and varying fortunes have, in their turn, exercised a momentous influence on the history of Europe and of civilisation. It is well worth our while shortly to recall the past if we would rightly understand the present charac ter of the struggle. Apart from its historical inte rest, the narrative is not without its value to those who desire to form important conclusions respect ing the benefits which religion derives from the union in the person of the Supreme Pontiff of a priestly, with a royal character. The election of the present Pontiff was avowedly the triumph of French influence in the Sacred Col lege. Nor was that influence ever counteracted until the murder of Rossi, and the consequent flight of Pius IN. from his dominions. It continued to be felt in the arrangements respecting the flight itself. It was to the shores of France, not to the soil of Naples, that the fugitive priest and prince purposed to wend his way. Amongst the great events springing from little causes, with which the history of the world abounds, few are more striking than the direction given to the Papal policy by the interview, not expected to exceed a few hours, be tween Pius IX, and the late King of Naples. The low cunning of the Lazzarone Prince overruled the better judgment of the Pope, and checkmated the diplomacy of France. By cajoling and wheedling by fawning and adulation, and, it is hardly too much to say, by adoration, he prevailed on the head of the Catholic Church to remain as the guest of Saint Januarius rather than incur the hazards of Republican hospitality in Paris. We have begun at the liegginning, because that beginning truly foreshadows ne middle, and what, for the present, we must be coni . .4int to regard as the end. Pius IX., giving the by to the French Ambassador at Rome, the :Due d'Har court, and throwing himself into the arii_is of the King of Naples, —obstinately refusing to concede amnesty, or lay administration, or financial con trol, —refusing to return to Rome, except in the plenitude of his absolut e authorit y , only gave a foretaste, in 1849, of the senseless reactionary policy which has ended in the invasion of his domi nions in 1860. The obstinacy of the Pontiff was strengthened by the necessity imposed on the new President of the Republic of invoking the support of the Catholic priesthood. For soliciting that support at the period of his election, the present Emperor has been often severely blamed. His censurers might, perhaps, have mitigated their condemnation had they remembered that every Frenchman of eminence would, at the same epoch, have probably acted in precisely the same manner. France was then playing a terrible game of rouge et noir, and desperately staking her fate and fortunes on the triumphs of a Red Republic, or the success of a priestly reaction. Black seemed to be the win ning card ; and one great political gamester, whose favourite colour black had always been, expected to pocket enormous stakes. The election of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was only intended as a step ping-stone to the grandeur and glory of M. De Montalembert, the political head of tho French Ultramontanoe, the channel through which the designs of Rome were expounded in the cannel Legislature and press , and equally the through which the chief members of the Jesuit party communicated their wishes and urged their schetnes on the Court of Rome. In the Ultramon tane theory M. Montalembert, the lay organ of the Infallible and Universal Church, was to be everybody; Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, the mere stipendiary officer of the divided and re stricted State, was to be nobody. The inexorable logic of facts altered the arrangement. Pd. Mon talembert might indeed boast that he had helped to replace the crown of the Doeapartes on the head of its present wearer ; but he altogether overlooked the part which the traditions of Marengo, and of Austerlitz, and of Lodi, had in bringing about that result. The emperor-maker was not allowed even to become an emperor's minister. The most unprin- • cipled, ambitious, unscrupulous, and ungenerous politician in France found, as the result of all his scheming, that he was left stranded on St. Peter's rock with half-a-dozen intriguing Jesuits, and as many more " dames du sacre cceur.' Bursting as he was with a vindictive rancour, he could, however, summon to his aid the occupant of St. Peter's chair. The intrigues of M. Montalembert in 1852-53 mark the real turning point in the relations between the Court of France and the Court of Rome. Count Walewski's demonstrations, three years later, at the Congress of Paris, were simply the smoke revealing a hidden fire. The arch intriguer laid his plans with great ability. He was aware how much fini s the Emperor justly attached —viewing the matter merely in its political bearings—to the eclat of a coronation by the Pope at Paris. He was aware, likewise, that the Pope wag not indisposed, .nshaeys, that he was heartily inclined, to gratify the wi his own Catholic revival would be effected good and the of Napoleon 111., in the hat a great appearance in Notre Dame. Both the Lis vanity—were gratified by such)! agents at Rome weak points of his character—both his deesvoeteito.n ai‘nid. Montalembert, working re- estab on the Pontiff, persuaded him tc, m_ k lioiou.s rite, and lishment of marriage as a purely , e to France. ,h He the total abrogation of its ^lva. character, ~.4eir accept -eke the h e t he through las L ese con knew right well that the _ . 4 . . indis pensable conditions.of his a e N e ' s' sit a reit.lsal to ance a sine qua non was tantamount t ditions was impossible —that making crown the Emperor at all. Pius IX. fell into the PiLnce of snare. The Vatican insisted, The Tuileries refused, HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. " Luefezia Borgia" was represented last evening with an admirable oast. Titjens, as the Duchess, was in splendid voice. Giub-lini was an exquisite Gennayo ; from "Di Pescatore" to a Pur-poiche dirlo e dato," through the lovely trio with the Doke and Lucrezia, and thence to the restored scena in act ii., " Cora' e soave," all was the love liest of tenor singing, The applause at its close was im mense. Gassier is an Alfonso of the first rank. Madame Lemaire played Orsini well. The choruses were well sung, and the orchestra, under Arditi, close and effective in the familiar and pleasing accompaniments of this excellent opera. DRURY-LANE THEATRE. Last night a complete change of performances took place at this theatre, and the novelty of the evening was a one-act comedietta, entitled " Cherry and Blue," which, though evidently having a French origin, comes to us through the United States, where it was played by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mathews. The acting of Mr. C. Mathews was, as usual, very good. Mr. Lambert looked and acted the little there was to do as an old beau very well, and Miss Arden was easy and agreeable as the wife. Thep opular farce of " Little Toddlekins," in which Mr. C. Mathews and Mrs. Frank Matthews took the principal parts, concluded the evening's entertainment, which seemed highly satisfactory to an audience which filled all parts of the house. We have just received the first accounts of the scrutiny on the annexation question in the king dom of Naples. Universal suffrage does not deviate from its an tecedents, and the despatches announce the almost perfect unanimity of the voting. The King of Sardinia is to make his entry into Naples on the 27th. NAPLES, OCT. 21. An immense number of people have voted for annexation to Piedmont. In 20 provinces the voting is known to be almost unanimously in favour of annexation. MUNICH, OCT. 22. The official Neue Illunchener Zeitung publishes a despatch, dated Turin, Oct. 21, announcing that the Ambassadors of Prussia, Spain, and Portugal are all preparing to leave Turin. PARIS, OCT. 22 The Patrie asserts that a note has been addressed by Lord John Russell to the Cabinet of St. Peters burg recognising the absolute right of Austria as regards Venetia, and adding that, for all other parts of Italy, the right of non•intervention should be absolutely exercised by Europe. WARSAW, OCT. 22 Yesterday the Emperor of Russia and the Prince Regent dined together at the Belvedere. In the evening the whole Court visited the theatre. A military parade and manoeuvres of the Cos sacks took place this morning at eleven o'clock. The Emperor of Austria is expected at four p.m. To-morrow evening a ball will be given at the palace of the Stadtholder, Prince Gortschakoff. Apartments have been engaged at the Hotel d'Angleterre for Prince Hohenzollern, who is mo mentarily expected. Ocr. 22 (Evening: The Emperor of Austria arrived here at 4-15 p.m. with a numerous suite, and was received at the railway station by the Emperor of Russia. Both Emperors proceeded in the same carriage to the Chateau Lazienki. The Emperor Francis Joseph wore the Russian and the Emperor Alexander the Austrian uniform. The Hereditary Prince followed in a second carriage, and a third was occupied by the Prince Regent of Prussia and the Prussian Princes. LYCEUM THEATRE. An American drama, entitled " The Pioneers of Ame rica," was produced here last night with new scenery and appropriate costumes, principally for the purpose of intro ducing Mr. Watkins in a character which has procured him great celebrity in certain portions of the United States. Jocifo, a deformed slave, is the name of this hero, and his affection, courage, and readiness, mingled as they are with certain comicalities of manner and speech,! are very cleverly and minutely elaborated by Mr. Watkins, and we can understand that where the original is known his imitation would be duly appre ciated. Here, of course, much of the local colouring and personal interest is lost. The pioneers are the backwoods men of 1755, who venture on the Indian frontier, and are presented by Mr. Campbell and Mr. Neville, the latter of whom is in love with Isabel Carlton (affss Kate Saville), and he rescues her from Nathan Bradbrook (Mr. Lyon) and his wicked son Guy (Mr. Villiers). The perils of these lovers form the interest of the piece, and it is in defence of the heroine that Jocko displays his remarkable qualities. We can understand that such a drama would have a great local success, but dramas, like many other things, suffer from transplanting. Viscount Palmerston left town yesterday on a visit to the Queen, at Windsor Castle. The Chancellor of the Exchequer left town on Saturday for Hawarden Castle, Chester. General Sir James Outram visited, on Friday last, the exhibition of the " Relief of Lucknow," at Messrs. Hayward and Leggatt's, Cornhill. Sir James expressed himself highly gratified at the truthfulness of Mr. Barker's picture. We have reason to believe that Mr. Frederick Peel will be Mr. Laing's successor in the Secretaryship of the Treasury. The 29th birthday of Prince Frederic William was celebrated at Berlin on Thursday last. In the morn ing his Royal Highness received the congratulations of his household and of the officers attached to his person, at the New Palace at Potsdam, and later in the day received the felicitations of the Queen, the Prince Regent, and the other members of the Royal Family. In the afternoon a grand dinner took place at the New Palace. The marriage of Mr. Paget, English Minister at Copenhagen, with the Countess Hohenthal will take place on Saturday morning at the chapel of the English Em bassy, Berlin. The countess was formerly lady of honour to the Princess Frederick William, and the ceremony will be honoured by the presence of her royal highness. THE VICTORY FLAG SHlP.—This time-honoured ship, according to custom, decorated her trucks and cap of her bowsprit, on Sunday, in commemoration of the ever to be remembered battle of Trafalgar. The Victory was built at Chatham nearly a centurysince, and the thorough repair she underwent at Portsmouth Dockyard some few months back will render her seaworthy for the next 30 years ; hir timbers being as sound as on the day of her launch (1763). FIRE AT THE EAST SURREY WAX AND SPIRIT BEFINERY.—A fire broke out yesterday evening on the pre mises of Messrs. Rowley and Co., wax and spirit refiners, Camberwell-park, and was not extinguished until consider able damage had been done, especially to the counting house. THE ENGLISH EXCURSIONISTS TO GARIBALDI.— The following is an extract from a Naples letter of the 16th :—" A party of English, 670 in number, were landed here yesterday from England to join the army of Garibaldi. They excited some commotion in Naples." NEW ADMIRALTY ORDER ON THE SHIPMENT OF GUNPOWDER AND OTHER COMBUSTIBLES.—The following order has just been issued by the Board of Admiralty : " Department of Comptroller for Victualling and Transport of Stores, Oct. 20, 1860.—The Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland do hereby give notice, that when ever any quantity of gunpowder, ammunition, or combus tibles exceeding 20 feet is shipped in a hired vessel or freight ship, or any similar articles are shipped in the same vessel on private account, they must be properly secured by the owners in a magazine, fastened with copper nails, and provided with a copper padlock, with appendages for the door. The same regulations are to apply in all cases to ships engagedlnalwl-filoigooatrheann seven c onveyance of troops when the num ber of men exceeds fifty. Also that coals will not be per mitted to be shipped as cargo or placed in any vessel con veying a large quantity of Government powder, ammunition, or combustibles. Further, that no lucifer matches will be allowed to be s hipp e d i n a ny ve ssel wholly or partially char• tered by Government." THE WEATHER IN THE NORTH SEA.—SHIELDS, lfoh a sr have oNf i reachedhe another vere hDa hedpe s. pr here frightful psfahn th e ledh disaster eenfl cot encountered suhneo rtf ee t her oet on Mondaye , br u c ig Valiant o es r d d a . y Afl c n o tt a ee a heavy gale on Thursday off the Humber. She shipped a tremendous sea, which swept away the boats, stanchions, &c., and took away the hatches from off the hold. Several other seas struck her and filled the hold with water. A schooner went to her assistance, but was unable' to get . I „, zs id e . Very shortly after the vessel was struck she went dos - 021...a cm-emost, the crew jumping off her stern at the moment she sunk. ureat, erres made by the men in charge of the schooner to save them; but they only succeeded in rescuing a young man who floated upon one of the hatches. Six men and boys are lost, with the master of the brig, Mr. Stolker. One of the Hamburg steamer s reached the Tyne yesterday morn ing, two days over due. She had encountered bad weather in her voyage home. Tho captain reports that the vessel's deck was swept by heavy seas nearly all the passage across, the sea mid ocean being white with foam. To-day the rain has fallen incessantly-, and the weather has a very unsettled wild appearance. There is no word of the screw steamer Viscount Lambton, and it appears to be reduced to a cer tainty that she is gone with her crew of 16 hands. The proper muster rolls of the Volunteer force, which ought to have been made in accordance with the act of August last, are not yet complete, and the War-office are taking steps to secure attention to this matter. The total numhei- of Volunteers is understood to be under 13.0,000, — Amy and Navy Gazette. CONSERVATIVE DINNER AT WORCESTER.—The Conservatives of Worcester intend giving a grand banquet on Thursday next, at the Guildhall, in honour of their re cently-formed association. It is expected that at least 500 guests will be present, and that the company will include Earl Beauchamp, Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Ingestre, Lord Elmley, Sir John Pakington, Hon. F. Lygon Mr. F. W. Knight, and many other political speakers. The chair will be filled by Sir E. A. H. Lcehmere, of the Old Dank, — Birmingham Post. The Pope spoke of his solemn duties as a Christian priest. The Emperor fell back on his necessities as a French Sovereign. The propossd coronation ended in smoke; the head of the French State and the head of the itomish Church came out of the discus sion with a mortal grudge against each other ; and all this because a designing and unscrupulous in triguer was defeated in his project of infusing Loyolaism into every French prefct and, - maire, and imbuing with its spirit the despatches of each French diplomatist. From that day to this the breach has been gra dually widening. At present certainly there is no love lost on either side. But the relative position of the Imperial and Papal parties is only exactly understood when we bear in mind that it has been from the very first a false one, and that this original falsehood has to the present day been continually receiving fresh additions.—Morning Post. THE AA7IONAL PARTY IN ITALY. (BY MAJOR-GENERAL T. PERRONET THOMPSON.) So much of publie interest is concentrated on the subject named, that anybody who writes at all is expected to write upon it. • What has been done is known to all men, and is wonderful in our eyes, What is yet to be depends upon the way it is gone about ; and it is no bad contribution from any man to invite attention to the arguments from experience and history, even though there should be reason to hope their use may be - anticipated before from circumstances they can here appear. The conjuncture has extraordinary resemblances to that of the English Revolution of 1688. Times of struggle and bloodshed had preceded, which the enemies of legal government were tempted to believe had ended in their firm establishment. Great martyrs had• fallen in unsuccessful efforts. The three grand channels in which human interests col lect and run, had not yet come to any happy agree ment; and one and another by turns overwhelmed the rest, to the great distress of all. Aristocracy, strong in the command of physical force, had with the help of the democracy been curbed by monarchy; and both monarchy and aristocracy afterwards put down by democracy. And this in its turn had fallen before the reviving forces of the other two ; and when the thing had grown too bad a sort of royal Garibaldi presented himself with trumpets sounding through the Straits of Dover, and with less of fight than his successor, took possession of an abandoned throne. In all the world's history, the most successful move; the happiest, the most extensive in its consequences, as is admitted by friends and grieving foes. What is the world but experience P Why do men eat the wheat and decline the straw, but because they or somebody has observed that one is better ? Not that it is to be too absolutely concluded that because a thing succeeded one time it must another. But there are limits to this sort of uncertainty; it will not apply, for instance, to the question of the wheat and straw. No man will be blamed for trust ing too implicitly to that venerable observation. It is true a man may eat wheat and be choked; but while it is still an open question, at all events let him try. The great merit of the principle of 1688, and the visible cause of its success, was that it combined, if not fully and entirely, yet to an effective and over powering extent, the interests of monarchy and aristocracy which otherwise would have been to fight. It was the democracy and the halves of the other two against the remaining halves, instead of having the wholes against one. Just so it is now. There is a constitutional mon archy in the fight, and so far as appears, the portion of aristocratic strength thereto adherent. No man supposes there is any desire to see a King Garibaldi. The capacity of the human vessel is limited ; he has had enough, it would "be o'er mickle to give him more." Any man, with military power enough, may make himself a king and all that kind of thing. But can a man establish a United Italy and keep it there ? The chances are very good, if men will stick to the constitutional king, which is their main chance. It is very true that praise attends on successful courage. But the meaning of courage is to take that course while the event is uncertain, which is most likely to lead to the event desired. Likelihood is all that is given to man. The sources of danger may be considered two: the internal and the ex ternal. The internal consists in division amongst themselves ; like dogs in couples, who do not know whether they will jump the ditch or not, On this point the best rule that can be offered is, that minorities should give way. No minority ought to balk a leap. A republic might do well enough if there was nobody else. But it happens there is. The English republicans set some notable examples. Doubtless there were many steeped to the heart in love for republican forms; but they were never heard of, except in line against the enemy. Of the external dangers, the old despotic powers appear to be in a nonplus. They are too conscious of the perils which beset themselves to think of be ing vigorous. The new despotic power is, perhaps, equally haunted with anxieties and fears. He might have set up a King of Italy of his own if he had taken the time of tide. He cannot do it now ; and it is much to be doubted whether, if the worst comes to the worst, he dares oppose the other. Dare is a strong word ; but let it only be under stood to mean that the fermentation in France, which would be the consequence of taking such a course, is what he will probably avoid. Great fears are expressed from the opposition of what are called the republican party. They are at the bottom of all good ; but they will have more sense than to oppose a reasonable settlement. Re publican principles in Italy mean, as they do here, the principles of wise and good men, driven into action in spite of mixture with other forms. But a republican form of government has not the same meaning throughout the world. The example of America has discredited the term. It is proved that goad men of British origin, carrying with them the principles and habits of their ancestors, can live under it in comfort. But it is not proved that bad men can be kept in order. The republi can form in America is not sufficient to prevent the ranting, roaring repudiation of everything that Europe accounts honourable and right, and reigns of terror such as European eye has not seen nor ear heard tell of. Republicanism in America is not competent to put down a house of ill-fame by the action of law ; it is practically the repudiation of law. It is a retrogression towards the barbaric state. Torture is applied to create evidence, There is more of personal liberty in Turkey. The Cadi is a better judge than Judge Lynch. Instead of a " perfect glory under heaven," it is a caricature of hell broke loose. It would be a volunteer false hood to admit that life or liberty are safe under it, when there is anybody on the other side. Fancy anything like it established for a fortnight in Naples. The Cossacks would be sent for by gene ral consent. Nobody knows whether our own Government will have the courage to speak up for " Victor Em- Manuel against the field." Elizabeth would have done it, and so would Cromwell. But it is easier, or at least thought so, to turn us into bandits and pirates, than to take a decision that might be credit able to free and honest men. PRUSSIAN INSOLENCE. • The National Zeituny remar ks with recrarJ to the atrocity recently committed by Prugaanbofficials at Bonn : " We, for our part, will dispose of this ma tter in a very st fovr words. Whoever e nters another man's house mu conform to the rules which prevail in it. In Germany it is not considered seemly to convert the coupe ts ofo do a railway carriage into a prize •r in g ; whoever attemp olice tso ren ders himself liable to be arrested b on y the p w h • i - o in arres ting him would , in our opini, only do their duty. We cannot suffer a foreigner to conduct himself towards y. female in such a wa y as would, were he in hi 3 own a coun try, expose him to p ublic contempt. These Engl ishm enw w ill acco mmodate themselves to the prevailing manners an d c ustoms, an d happily, comparatively speaking, justice, the the balance of any the ex ceptions are very f--•w, will never have to complain lack of atte ntion. Perhaps, in strict - wo uld be in t heir favour. Should, however, English Press seek to procure a charter whereby when they come abroad her countrymen shall be entirely unrestr • m .. a ed, and exeom municate every country in which ' a rou g h knot meets with a sharp axe ,' it will be deceived, so far at least as Germany is concerned. Those papers which labour under the delu sion that we will put up with insults for the sake of attract ing a few English tourists to our railways and hotels may be assured that we will not do s ac count of such miserable squabbles , O. As to whether, on her friendship and alliance , she withdraws from us con vinced as we are that we shall e hl w a e l are totally indifferent, it is to her advantage to give have them again as soon as descent -- not us them, and in spite of our c ommunity of descent before. The entire excitement is superfluous. If th e English press is anxious to do those tourists (who only leave their island in order to throw off all social trammels and give themselves out for ' high caste,' while at home they play b must atilt the most subordinate parts) a real service, theyplace l the whole continent under an interdict, then there will only remain tile choice of a tour to Egypt or Hindostan."i HONITON ELECTION.—The writ arrived in the borough on Friday afternoon. It has been delayed in con sequence of the absence of the Lord Chancellor from Lo don. Mr. Spencer Cox, i rame diataly on its arrival, tele. graphed for Mr. Moffatt, who is now at noniton. Th e election took placa yesterday, when Nr, Keifatt was re turned witheut oppositions LITERATURE. P. rimer of the /re of Illumination. By F. Delamotte. 4to. •E. and F. N. Spon. Already we have had occasion more than once to commend very cordially to the attention of our readers the eloquent researches of Mr. F. Dela motte in the art of Illumination. His last publi cation of this character, a remarkable volume, illustrative of the " Ornamental Alphabets, ancient and mediteval," from the eighth century down wards, was a very considerable advance upon its immediate predecessor from the same skilled artist hand, namely, a very ingeniously arranged series of " Examples of Modern Alphabets, plain and ornamental." Here, however, is a work upon a kindred theme far beyond either of those graceful compilations. It is, as its simple and unassuming title indicates, "A Primer of the Art of Illumina- tion." We should, however, by the substitution of the definite for the indefinite article, suggest that its more appropriate title would be—as it really and truly deserves to be—" The Primer of the Art of Illumination." For the volume altogether is, to our thinking, in its way, quite without any competitor. Although it affects merely to be " For the Use of Beginners"—it is, nevertheless, worthy of the study even of proficients. As a rudimentary treatise upon the art of illumination, it is.singularly complete and comprehensive. It is replete in its earlier pages with the most precise " Practical Directions" for the exercise of that art —the later portions of the volume being devoted to the presentation to view of coloured and uncoloured examples taken from illuminated manuscripts. Several of these last-mentioned being in truth the very loveliest specimens— not merely for instance in the simple but gorgeous effect of the scarlet and gold initial letters from a Bible of the 12th century, or in the single ornate and won drously elaborated capital from the Horse of St. Louis—but especially in two examples that ought in justice to be particularised as really the glories of this charming work—" Delamotte's Primer of Illumination." First of all—Plate viii. from the " Hours" of Henry VII., with the white lilies and the gold and silver butterflies ! And secondly, and finally, as worthy of• particular admiration, Plate ix. from the Hours" of Anne of Brittany, with the thorny stalks, the delicate blossoms, and the ripening fruit of the blackberry, with here a lady bird, and here a green, coiling caterpillar. Re verting to the letterpress it should be remarked that in his arrangement of the elementary instructions given to beginners, Mr. Delamotte first of all, most judiciously, lays down the principles and sub sequently defines with extreme exactitude the prac tice of the art of illumination. His particularity extends in this way to the precisest data in regard to the requisite paper, colour, and implements of the intended illuminator. For the artist's book shelves, for his drawing-room table, for the table alike of the library and boudoir, Mr. Delamotte's admirable Primer of Illumination will be found at once eminently useful and eminently decorative. The Family and School Geography. By T. IL Staunton. One Vol., pp. 387. Richard Bentley. Mr. Staunton's Family and School Geography is incomparably the best—the fullest, the most reliable, and the most admirably arranged —among all the works of a similar kind that have ever come under our observation. We would very earnestly recommend it to the attention, certain that it will secure to itself, in very many instances, the immediate adoption of the chiefs of our public seminaries. DR. JAMES PECH. The subject of our memoir, who has so suddenly appeared upon the musical horizon, is a very rising and indefatigable young musician, of about thirty years of age. He is the only child of a major in the British army, who died in 1830, while on ser vice with his regiment in India, and of Mary Agnes Manners, daughter of a gentleman of the name of Sutton, whose ancestors were of a highly respectable origin, and one of whom was created Archbishop of Canterbury. He has been very liberally educated at various public schools, but from his earliest years he has shown considerable predilection and precocious talent for music, and has, all his life, applied himself very assiduously to its study and practice. He has travelled much in all parts of Germany, where he has enjoyed the friendship and been the pupil of various great mas ters in his art, amongst whom we may mention the venerable Schneider, the great pianists—Chopin, Czerny, and Dcehler. He has written in a variety of schools ; but few of his compositions are known to the general public. Those few, however, in style and character are re markable for their elegance and beauty, as well as for a great amount of originality of sentiment and construction. The position he is now, however, called upon to occupy as a conductor will, doubtless, afford him opportunities of producing many com positions for the orchestra which, under other cir cumstances, would be difficult of accomplishing. As regards his merits as a chef d'orchestre there appears to be many conflicting opinions. It is asserted by some that he requires more experience, but that he has all the elements within him necessary for becoming one of our best conductors. Others again advance that he is in every way qualified for such a distinguished position, for that he has more than an average amount of intellect in his interpretation of musical compositions, while his " beat" in the orchestra is bold, decisive, remark ably distinct, and intelligible. Others, again, assert that in conducting he is, perhaps, a little too redun dant in action, and allows his enthusiasm to carry him too much away. As all these opinions, various as they are, can only at the present moment be esteemed as purely speculative, especially so when it is remembered that, with the exception of his debut as conductor at the English Opera, Drury Lane, there has b e en but little opportunity of forming a correct estimate of his abilities or capabilities in London, it must be left to time and the public as to his future position and prospects. The opening of the " People's Philharmonic Concerts" at Exeter Hall has, how ever, given him another opportunity of distinguish ing himself, and undoubtedly he has done so, as may be gathered from the various criticisms that have appeared in the several papers regarding these concerts, at which he is conducting some of the most classical as well as miscellaneous music. He is a graduate in music of New College, Oxford, and has also been further distinguished by the pre sent Archbishop of Canterbury, who conferred upon him by diploma the degree of Doctor in Music. At present he is the principal organist of Kensington park Church ; he holds also the appointment of pianist and composer to the Countess of Darnley, and is a joint conductor with M. Benedi c t o f t h e London Orchestral Association. Apart from his public life, and in pr ivate s p he res , he is generally e steemed a medanfnoerrst haendambeiaarbiinligtyaroefeTheirs d th is o p s o e s o itn of the e ducated and polished gentl eman . nwdhialedul'hilsr FRENCH COMMERCE. The following is the decree by which the Em pire of the Birmans is opened to French com merce : K The most gracious dominator of the earth and enlightened by th e r i s i ng sun , th e l or d the an waters,d master of a all the white elephants, the posses sor of all supernatural arms, the regulator of exist ouces of present times, and the sovereign dispensa tor of justice, has, in this year 1221, the ninth day of the moon Wagoon accorded to General Maha d'Orgur a the privilege of introducing, under his patronage and control, French manufactures by means of speculators and traffickers in all sorts of materials, and has given them the benefit of the fol lowing favours :-1. From the present day is accorthi to all French traders and to their representatives the liberty to enter the Empire of the Birmans, to visit every part of it, and to establish' their residence in it ; and the protection and aid of the Emperor is assured to them. 2. The permission of trafficking in all the productions of the Empire is also accorded to them, under the condition of conforming to the commercial customs of the country. 3 . The free navigation of the river Irrawady is accorded to all vesses and steamers coming from France, and they shall be free from all navigation and wharf dues. 4. may be neces sarfyllie landfo rthe e e s n ta t b b l e is t h w m o e b nt an o k f s y w ar b d i s c f h or building and repairing vessels, for the storing of timber of all gratuitousl sorts, fo;factories, for entrepots of m erc h an di se an d o f bey conceded. 5. The which are nearest t o t h e l a k e Irra coal, mines shall a coall l waddy shall be conceded, on the sole condition of paying a s light proportional tax on th e pro d uce o f the working. 6. The admission at the fixed duty of from 6 to 10 per cent. of all merchandise brought by French vessels is accorded, and the merchan chandise shall be exempt from every other tax." The following adhesion of the Prince Heir to to the decree. th e throne, and of the :Ministers in Council, is ap pendeds, governors, intendants, and To the viceroy notified that General d'Orgoni, lives under l ini s der the gracious influence and in the favour of his Majesty the Emperor of the Birmans, because he has come from France to serve him , and because he has always shown him self very faithful, very active, and very zealous, has solicited the concession of the above privilege, which is fully granted this present day of the year 1221, the ninth of the moon Wagoon. And more over the most glorious lord, brother to the Emperor prince of war, has also graciously adhered to the said request, and has likewise granted it. And this has been thus notified by the Ministers."