The Sun. — London, England, 1829-09-11 00:00:00

harm can result from raising it by loan with an income tax for the payment of the interest on the contrary, by no other mode can it be raised with so much facility and at so little expence, nor is there any other mode which so effectually provides for an equal, sound, wholesome distri bution of the public wealth. But is not our present distress to be traced in part to th 6 ruinous system of public loans ? No; but to the abandonment of this system. As long as we continued to raise money in this manner, we prospered ; but by leaving it off, we have declined, as we shall show hereafter, We have seen that a loan is a voluntary tax, and then comes the distinguo, that whereas the money raised by taxes on commodities must ne cessarily come out of the pockets of the lower classes of the community, because they are the great consumers ; so when money is raised by loan, must it as necessarily come out of the pockets of the rich : (by rich, I understand all that has a surplus, however small, beyond what is required for the necessaries and tohve nientes of life) ; and this is evident, because he that can barely obtain the necessaries of life has but small means, and still less inclination to sub. scribe to a loan, or to purchase stock. This is my exposition of the matter. Let us now apply what has been said, and endeavour to convert it to some useful purpose. We have seen that the taxes at the end of the war in 1814 amounted to 6,448,2741. less than at the present period. We have also seen that of the amount raised by taxation ht 1814, the sum of 21,000,000/. was the produce of direct taxes, and therefore came out of the pockets of the rich ; whereas, of the amount of taxation in 1828, only about 4 ,000,000/. was the produce of direct taxes. And, finally, we have seen that in the two wars with France, from 1793 to 1814, there was t'aied by public loan the enormous sum of 5 06,927,129 i., being at the average rate of about 24,000,0001. per annum ; and which sum was expended in consumable commodities, in the pay of soldiers and sailors, and in the wages of every description of labour. Add this to the 21,000,000/. of direct taxes, and you will have a sure of 45,000,0001., which was annually levied on the rich, to be expended on the poor. And then the conclusion from this is irre sistible, and it will follow that a war conducted upon so large a scale, and under such a system of finance, must necessarily be a period of pros perity to the lower classes of the community; and that they could not by possibility feel the pressure of taxation, because though commodi. ties were taxed then as well as at present, ye this was amply compensated by a large Govern. went expenditure, the money to defray whicl expenditure was extracted from the pockets o the rich by means of public loans and direct taxes. But all this is altered now : the income tax is abolished, the assessed taxes are reduced, and though small sums are occasionally raised by public loan, yet this is never done but from ne cessity, and the effect of it is nearly, if not wholly, destroyed by the operations of the sinking fund. And therefore we are not to wonder at the un equal distribution of property, at the altered con dition of the middle and lower classes of the community, and the general distress of the country ; because it plainly appears that a for mer large war expenditure is now converted into an equivalent peace annuity ; and which annuity is extracted from the pockets of the middle and lower orders : and this in a great measure will account for the present embarrassed state of the country, and the so-much-complained-of unequal distribution of property. Things standing in this condition, what is the remedy ? It is very simple : we must return to our former system of loans, or income-tax, or both. And this is just, for the capital to carry on the war having been raised by this means, the annuity which is now become the equivalent of this capital ought to be raised in the same man ner, and therefore this is my proposition. That we repeal the whole of the excise duties on malt, beer, and hops, and the whole of the customs' duty on sugar, and that we supply the deficiency of revenue which will be thereby oc casioned, one half by a tax on all income derived from funded and real property, and the remain ing half by public loans. A very few years would be sufficient to deter mine what we had to expect from this change of system. If it succeeds, this will be shown by the increased produce of the remaining taxes ; and, if I mistake not, we should also find it in the increased number of small fundholders ; for there would, I think, always be individuals who would not increase their consumption of beer and sugar in proportion to the reduction of price, but who would convert this reduction of price into a provision for the future. As an increased produce of the remaining taxes would be a sign that the system worked well, and as by means of th;s increased produce there would be a surplus revenue, we might then determine whether we would reduce the rate of the income-tax, or the amount of the an imal loan, or whether, changing nothing in this respect, we would not, in proportion to this surplus revenue, take off further taxes on commodities. The last would be the best and most consistent with reason, because, having proofs that a reduction in the taxes on commo dities was productive of good effects, we might be pretty certain that the farther we proceeded in this reduction the greater would be the advan tage : but all this would be matter for future consideration, and we must be guided by cir cumstances. Now, to this plan, it will be objected, that an n►ually to raise money by loan is annually to add to the national debt. Admitted ; but the taxes on commodities are also paid annually : and therefore, as no more would be taken in loan than is remitted in tax, our condition in this respect would be the same as before. But, in reality, it would be much better; for all that is raised, either by a loan or an income tax (except the expense of collecting the latter, which is very trifling), is paid into the Treasury : but this cannot be said of money taxes on commodities, where, independent of great charges of collec tion, a profit is also made on the tax ; and so that, consequently, from 20 to 40 per cent. (varying in amount, according to the rate of profit, and the number of hands through which the commodity passes before it reaches the con sumer,) more is levied on the consumers of taxed commodities than find its way to the trea sury. And the reason of this is so plain that it cannot be mistaken • it is this—that the capital which pays the tax being of precisely the same nature as the capital which is employed in the production of the commodity, is and must be entitled to the same profit. But we want no argument where we have plain matter of fact to guide us. The duty on salt was 15s. per bushel, and when this duty existed the price of salt in London was 20s. per bushel ; but the duty being repealed, the price of salt fell to 3s, per bushel ; and so that the public gained the whole of the duty, and 2s. per bushel beyond it. And therefore, by substituting an income tax and loans for money taxes on commodities, there would not only be a great annual gain to the community, but as the money raised by this mode would come from a very different class of persdlis, there would immediately ensue a much more equal and judicious distribution of pro perty ; and this above all others is the object which we should endeavour to accomplish ; and whether this be done by an income tax or by loans, or by 'coupling the two modes together, is to 'me a matter of indifference ; and I would merely premise, that wherever large sums are or have been raised by public loan, it is necessary that there should be an income tax, as otherwise the interest on the loans must be provided for by taxes on commodities, and then, as a final result, the rich will merely have purchased an annuity of the poor ; et grand bien leur fasse. This is what I have to say ; and though there may be (and I believe there are) other causes of our distress, and which it may or may not be in our power to remove, yet this which I have pointed out is very considerable ; and as it clearly admits of a remedy, it is the first which ought to be taken into consideration. HERMES. PMCES OF STOCKS TH V Hank :itock 3 per Cent. lied. 3 per Cent. Cons. 88A .Y.i 3!4 per Cent. - Ditt 1 Refl. shut I par Cent. lO 27'S ')'s S i t Ditto, 1k26 Ditto Scrip - Rink L. Ann. India Stock 222 Ditto Bonds 6l 62'pm. DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. south Sea Stock Old Annuities shut New Ditto Ex. Bills, .£l,OOO 2d. 68 69 pm. Ditto 500 2d. 68 69 pm. Ditto Small 2d. 65 C 6 pm. Ditto Commercial — pm Bank for Account India for Account Cons. for Account B9 9 PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Austrian Bonds Brazilian Bonds — Peruvian Bonds Buenos Ayres Bonds —!Portuguese Bonds — Chilian Bonds... 164 Prussian, Old — Colombian Bonds — Ditto, New — Ditto, 1821 15% Russian — Danish — Spanish, 1821 — Greek Bonds fly, -1803 Ditto, 1825 — French Rentes, sp. c. —f. —c. Guatimala — Exchange —f. —c. Mexican Bonds — 3 percent. —t. —c. Ditto, 1825 — Exchange —f. —c. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AY ONE O ' CLOCK. Paid. Per Share. Anglo Mex. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm.) XlOO Ditto Subscription United Mex. Alin. Co. (iss. at 21. pm.) £3934 12 PRICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, SEPT. 8. Bank Stock Consols, 3 per cent Gov. Stock, 3% per cent. 07 I NatIonal Ditto — Ditto, New 96% Patriotic Ditto l% 4 per Cent ION Hibernian Bank l9 Gov. I)eb. 3% percent.... 1/7!A Provincial Ditto — Royal Canal Stock Grand Canal Stock --I Imperial Mine — City Deb. 4 per cent Ballast Office Deb. 4p. c. 97 3 A Commercial Buildings — MAILS. Arrived. Due. Arrived. Due. 0 America 1 0 Hamburg 0 Brazil 0 Buenos Ayres 0 0 Jamaica 1 Dublin 0 0 Leeward Islands ... 0 0 Flanders 0 0 Lisbon 0 1 France 0 0 Malta 0 0 Gottenburgh 1 0 Mexico 0 Guernsey&Jersey.. 0 1 Waterford ....... HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning... 6 minutes after 1. I Evening ...36 minutes after 1 THEATRE ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE, STRAND. THIS EVENING (second time), a New Musical Drama, called THE RECRUIT. Albert Ritzier, Mr. T. Vining; Col. Lacrosse, Mr. Baker ; Pierre Petard, Mr. 0. Smith ; H ans F ran kh auven, Mr. Keeley. Agnes, Miss Kelly; Elise, Mrs. Keeley. After which, SOLD FOR A SONG. Count Cremona, Mr. J. Russell; Alfred, Mr. Wood. Adelle, Miss Cawse; Eliza, Miss H. Cawse. To conclude with MASTER'S RIVAL; OR, A DAY AT BOULOGNE. Sir Colley Cowmeadow, Mr. Bartley ; Peter Shack, Mr. Wrench; Paul Shack, Mr. Keeley. Tibby Postlethwaite, Mrs. Keeley. To-morrow, , The Recruit, with Sold for a S o n g and The Spring Lock.; thr 44114 LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1829. It appears by Admiral GREIG'S report o Ile operations of part of his fleet in capturing ;wo fortified towns to the south of Sizeboli, that te Turks oppose no obstacle whatever to the triumphant career of their invaders. They seem every where to be seized with a general panic at the very sight of their adversaries. A handful of men is sufficient to put some thousands to the rout at the first onset, the Turks scarcely waiting to measure swords with their assailants, so paralysing arc their fears. If such be the ex ample set by men behind fortified places, and within but a very short distance of Constanti- nople, what can be hoped from the boasted bravery of those who are reserved for the defence of the capital ? The SULTAN may pour out his levies en masse, but their numbers will only serve to swell the carnage, should they dare to meet the advancing Russians in battle-array. It is worse than folly now to suppose that the SULTAN can stay the march of General DIEBITSCH by force. If it be done at all, it must be done by submis sion on his part—aided by the intercession of the English and French Ambassadors. But suppose that the Russian General, having almost reached the goal of his ambition, will not stop till he has planted the standard of the CZAR on the walls of St. Sophia, what will the SULTAN do ?—lie must yield to imperious necessity. But what will the English and French Ambas sadors do ?—are they instructed to resort to measures consequent upon the occupation of the capital—or rather before the capital is taken ? If they are not, we think they have been instructed to no good purpose. Did the English and French Governments not suppose it possible that the Russians would advance to Constantinople this campaign ? and if they did, what was to be done with the Turkish fleet— the arsenals ? were they to be given up quietly to the Russians ? Did our Government not see the great accession of strength which the naval force of Russia would receive by the cap ture of the Turkish fleet ? Some may answer that the capital will be burnt, and the fleet will share its fate. This is not probable. We think it very likely that orders have been sent out to our Admiral, in the event of the Russians ad- vancing upon Constantinople, to take the Turkish fleet under his protection, and to seize upon the castles of the Dardanelles. With the assistance of the French he might even take Constantinople under his protection, but if the orders of the Russian General be imperative, the capital must fall. The next accounts from Con stantinople will be looked for with anxiety, for the crisis seems to be nearly at hand. The ne gotiations may retard the march of the Russians, but we do not put much faith in them after what has already taken place. Negotiations are only serviceable when they serve the purpose of the strongest party—and the Russian General will act accordingly. If he wants to get to Con- stautinople (and who doubts it ?) he will excuse himself from all negotiations, on the plea that he has no instructions in the altered circumstances of the case—and can the Turks or the Allied Ambassadors persuade him otherwise ? Time will show. The address of the President of Greece, the opening portions of which we gave a few days since, will be found below. It presents nothing worthy of any particular comment : VIENNA, AUG. 30, Address of the President of Greece (concluded); The budget which the Com m ;tt ee o f Finance will lay before you, and of which . we have given an extract, will acquaint you with the results, for which you have again to thank the illustrious benefactors of Greece, and the many other celebrated arid noble friends of its cause : " EXTRACT FROM TIIE ACCOUNTS OF THE RECEIPT AND EXPENDITURE OF TUE STATE, FROM JANUARY, 1828, TO APRIL 30 (OLD STYLE), 1829. RECEIPT. Turkish Piastres. Revenue of the State Funds of the National Bank 2,031,660 3 Unliquidated Prizes 233,414 14 Sums advanced by me 1;1116,576 11 French Subsidies Russian Ditto 4,383,200 0 25,618,664 3I EXPENDITURE. Army and Fleet -------.- 18,647,214. 1 Various establishments for the Public S rvice 684,335 22 Monthly Salary to the Servants of the State and In ternal Government 1,879,861 17 Interest paid by the National Bank 38,779 28 Orphan Loan, with abode and clothing for the Or phans Alms and Food for the poor, &c 356,880 0 Advances to persons to whom the state is indebted 281,771 0 Arrears of the Farmers of the Revenue 658,916 0 Paid to Lord Cochrane 159,510 0 Receipt for the unliquidated prizes paid to the Aus trian Rear Admiral Darid010 Ready Money in the Treasury 1,787,022 5 Payments in Money, not yet made 342,000 0 2,129,022 5 25,618,664 31 " We must here observe : " Ist. That besides the subsidies already received rom the King of France, his Majesty will assign 100,000 francs per month, from the Ist April, 1829, for the wants and the organization of the regular Greek troops; that the French army has left to us horses and military stores, which are to be paid from the subsidies in arrear and not yet paid, and further, that the Baron de Rouen has lately signified to us, that he will shortly pay to the Greek Go vernment 500,000 francs on account of the sub sidies in arrear. 2dly. That by order of his Majesty the Empe ror of Russia, bills of exchange to the amount of a million of rubles were delivered to us some weeks ago. These bills have been sent to Naples to be turned into money, and we expect the proceeds. " 3dly. That in the sum of 1,706,576 piastres, 11 paras, which we employed on the building and expences of the orphan-house and many other pub lic works, by which thousands of indigent persons gained their daily bread, are included nearly 900,000 piastres confided to us by generous friends of Greece. The remaining 800,000 piastres, with the 212,000 which, before our arrival in Greece, we sent for the support of the army in Western Greece, are the last remains of our property that we then had left to dispose of. " We shall give to the benefactors of Greece a detailed account of the application of the sums which they have been pleased to confide to us. " You see the state of our small revenues, and can at the same time calculate the endless labour in which you will have to engage, in order to enable the national treasury to meet the engagements of the nation, and to provide for the most urgent wants. " We have employed our utmost endeavours to procure revenues for you. You will be acquainted with all the steps we have taken at the Allied Courts in order to bring about the negotiation of a loan of 60 millions of francs, under their Royal pro tection. You will read the communications made to us on the subject, and derive from them the same hopes that we entertain. " In every thing we wish, that in the present difficult state of things you may consult the expec tations of the country, of the Allied Powers, and of all civilized nations. Comparing the past :with the future you will readily find the right and prudent measures to place the nation in the position best adapted to the future fate that is reserved for it by the Providence of the Almighty. We ourselves can not otherwise contribute to it than by the magna nimity with which the sacredness of our cause in spires us, and by the purity and moderation of the principles which we pursue, in order to support this our holy cause. " Negociations have commenced. Should we be called upon in consequence of the articles of the treaty of London to take part in them, you will furnish the Government with the requisite full powers. " You can already deliberate on this matter as being perfectly informed, since you have official do cuments before you which leave you no doubt re specting the plan of pacification adopted in the con ferences at London. " Once more we repeat it, consult your hearts ; bear in mind the sense of your duties, and never doubt the justice of the Allied Monarchs. " Secondly, you must deeply consider the internal Administration of the State ; and if you give your assent to the opinion which I have already expressed to you on the same subject, you will then judge that it cannot possibly be regulated by constitutional and permanent laws, till the fate of Greece shall be fully decided. You will perhaps be induced to confirm till that time a continuance of the provisional system with the modifications, however, that the Govern ment, surrounded by new councils, can maintain and ' consolidate internal order and tranquillity, proceed with advantage in the revival of our constitutional laws, and take all the other measures which honour, justice, and a prudent foresight and utility particu larly recommend to your attention. " In the same class are the measures relative to the finances and public credit, as well as to the fo reign debt, and the indemnities which the Goven ment must in equity give to the citizens who have sacrificed their property for Greece ; and also the payment of what the National Assemblies at Astros, Epidaurus, and Traszene promised to the same citi zens, and to those brave men who shed their blood for their country ; and in general the assistance which the Government must endeavour to afford on the one hand, to the towns which now lie in ruins; and on the other, to the respectabl e and unfortu nate peasantry. In order to resolve with practical advantage these questions, and others connected with them, time is required ; or in other words, stili in formationwithoufrtraialbdroaaldso iisntreerqnuailreidn,forwmhaitcilot we will carefully collect. informatio n which " If, however, you immediately determi ne e t a l r ie e principles and bases upon which our Government with its Councils is to turn its attention to each of these great questions, and the most essential inte rests dependent on them, you will thereby have done half your work. But it will not be completed till you shall again assemble to be made acquainted with the proceeding of the Government, and then definitively to discuss the projects of law that will be laid before you. " If you agree to this plan, the Government will then reply to the European Powers according to the principle which you shall adopt, whenever trans actions are in question which refer to the Treaty of London. " The nation, however, is not to be bound by such transactions, unless they shall be ratified by you. " We say the same of the Constitutional laws : they will be drawn up, after mature deliberation and examination, upon the principles approved by you, and will in like manner remain with you to confirm them by your sanction. " Lastly, you will fix the principles and forms according io which all other interests shall be regu lated, till the convocation of the new National Assembly. " Meanwhile, before the close of the Assembly, you will altogether zealously show your desire to be the organs through which the nation sends up the tribute of its thanksgiving to the Divine Providence, that directs the fate of nations, and expresses its gratitude to its august benefactors, the Allied Mo narchs, their Admirals, the naval expedition, their illustrious Commanders, and to the friends of Greece, who by numerous and unceasing works of charity, and great exertions, have testified their regard for Greece. " By the above frank and full representation, I have, gentlemen, performed my duty to the nation. " As the office of Chief Magistrate has been con fided to me by it, I consider myself as happy to dedicate to it the remainder of my days, especially if I should be called upon, as l greatly ►wish, to serve the country as the most simple citizen. I should thus be able more effectually to prove to the Greeks what I feel for the repeated marks of confidence which they have been pleased to bestow on me. " The President J. A. CAPO D'ISTRIA. " Argos, July 23, 1829." FRONTIERS OF POLAND, AUG. 21. The Government has made contracts, for the pur pose of establishing magazines at Lublin and other places in the suth-east provinces of the kingdom of Poland. It is also said, that in part of the regi ments of the Polish army the usual furloughs will not be granted this autumn; but that, on the con trary, they will be completed by conscripts. In Podolia and Volhynia, according to the accounts of travellers, the roads are still covered with detach ments of Russian troops on their way to Bessarabia, to take the place of the corps which have lately been sent from that province over the Pruth and the Danube. Advices from the Rhine to the 29th tilt state that the chief topic of interest there was the treaty of commerce between Hesse, Prussia, Bavaria, and Wurtemburg, which would be put in operation on the Ist January next. The ad vantages to Prussia by this treaty are great, and she gains a marked preponderance in Germany. The following communication we received his morning from our private correspondent at Paris : " PARIS, SEPT. 9, " A French courier, who left Constantinople on the 7th ult., brings intelligence confirming the fact announced in my letter of yesterday, that Commissioners had been despatched on the part of the Sultan to the Russian head-quarters, and it is stated in addition that the resolution of the Porte had been officially communicated to the Ambassadors of France and England. " The fall of Adrianople is also confirmed. The Russian cavalry appeared before the place on the 19th, and the troops were in possession on the 20th ; a capitulation having been con cluded the evening before. A letter to this effect has been received from General Diebitsch by the Russian Ambassador at Vienna. It is in the following terms. " Eski-Serai, Adrianople, 20th Aug., N.S. " ' M.. l'Ambassadeur,—l have the satisfaction to " announce to you that this day, at nine o'clock, the " victorious troops of the Emperor have taken pos " session of Adrianople, without striking a blow. " The entire Mussulman population remains under ' 4 our protection. Accept, &c. " , DIEBITSCH.' " Letters from Lisbon of the 24th announce that the news of the defeat of the expedition against Terceira had reached that capital, and had spread the greatest consternation among the Absolutists, while it had proportionally raised the hopes of the friends of the Constitution. The fears of a re-action were spreading rapidly, and the most rigorous measures were enforced by the authorities of the town against all sus pected persons. " Letters from Ancona of the 15th ult. men- tion that the remainder of the French troops are about to leave the Morea to return to France. " In the same letters a loan is spoken of as having been negotiated by the Neapolitan Go vernment, the destination of which is said to be the re-establishment of the Spanish Marine. It is also believed that Italian troops are to be sent to America, under the direction , of Spanish agents. " I observe it mentioned as an on dit in a Berlin Paper, that Russia is about to negotiate a loan in Germany, of 35,000,000 of dollars, at four - )er cent. " M. de la Fayette has, it seems, been re ceived at Lyons with most marked demonstra tions of respect, notwithstanding the attempt on the part of the local authorities to restrain the expression of public opinion. The day of his entry completed his 72d year. ,‘ The death of M. de Daru, which I commu nicated in my letter of yesterday, will, it seems, produce very great inconvenience to the personal creditors of Charles the Tenth. About a year ago a commission had been named by the King, o f which M. de Daru was President, for the purpose of liquidating the debts contracted by his Majesty durin g hi s ex il e. Some time be fore the death of M. de Daru the commission, after having sat for nine months, had presented their report to the Intendant General of the Household, but although it had been formally approved of by the King, it had never since been heard of, and no satisfactory answer could be obtained to the numerous enquiries on the subject. M. de Daru had engaged, however, to become the patron and intercessor of the poor creditors, to ad vocate their cause with the new Ministry, and even to apply to his Majesty on the subject ; but his un timely death has for the present defeated their hopes of a settletnent. It is said that the opening of Venice as a Free port is to take place on the Ist of October t may be supposed that the carrying trade, which las hitherto passed through Trieste, will then in a great measure be diverted to Venice. Several ships of war are now fitting out at that place, intended, it is said, to reinforce the Austrian squadron employed against Morocco. , " The opponents of the new Ministry con tinue to avail themselves with the most perti nacious avidity of every incident which seems, however remotely, to support their preconceived notion of a conspiracy between the Duke of Wellington, Prince Metternich, and the present Government of this country, against Constitutional freedom in general, but espe cially against the liberties of France. When hard pressed, indeed, the more reasonable among them are forced to acknowledge that the Duke of Wellington can hardly be suspected of any serious design to overturn the fabric of the British Constitution. It is difficult to obtain a definite idea of what they conceive to be the great object of the celebrated Imperial Diploma tist ; but no language is too strong to express the mingled feelings of contempt and detestation in which the Members of the present Ministry continue to be held by the great majority of the people. The appointment of M. de Laval to the London Embassy is at present the subject of general conversation, and it is considered by the Liberals to be a fresh symptom of an alliance be tween England, Austria, and France, against Russia. If M. de Ferronays or M. de Morte mart had been sent to London, it would, they say, have inferred the concurrence of Russia but M. de Laval, the former Envoy to Vienna, having been preferred, it is to be presumed that Russia is to be excluded from the alliance. The ascendancy of the Duke of Wellington in the French Cabinet is even inferred from the recent nomination of M. Lodois de Marcellus to the office of lin - ler Secretary in the Foreign Depart ment, because, forsooth, it was in London that M. Lodois began his political career ; but when ? Not certainly under the Duke's Administration. " Mathews and Yates have arrived in Paris, and, from the favourable opinion which is gene rally expressed of them in the fashionable circles, they will probably meet with a better reception than the last company of English performers, who attempted so unsuccessfully to conciliate the favour of the Parisian public. Yates seems to be the greater favourite of the two." A Gentleman just arrived from the South of France, says that the stormy weather has done so much damage to the vines, that the crops will be a complete failure. The quantity of what wine there is, will, it is said, be very inferior. Letters from Dijon state that the cold weather and the incessant rains had most seriously in jured the vines, and that many of the proprietors had resolved to abandon their crops altogether, rather than meet the expence of getting it i►►, and the enormous duties, unless a marked improve ment took place. THE FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.) CITY, TwistrE o'CLocz. The following is posted at the North and South American Coffee-house, received from Liverpool this morning:— " The Benjamin transport, from Havannah for Mexico, was off New Orleans on the 24th July; she had 500 troops on board, and was separated from the squadron during a heavy gale of wind, in hit. 21. 30., long. 92. 30.; she had lost one of her main_ masts." Charleston Papers to the 9th August have also been received at the above Coffee-house, but they are not of interest ; it is stated that the President has ordered one thousand stand of arms to be for warded to Fort Mitchel, for the use of the frontiers. By accounts from Berlin it appears that many contradictory reports prevailed there on the subject of the war in the East; not less than eleven Esta fettes and one courier have been dispatched; it was reported that the Russian fleet was off Constantinople. Accounts from Paris of the 9th of September state that it was reported in the Salons that since the change in the French Ministry, the Emperor of Russia has announced to them his intention to march his army to Constantinople, if they refuse to guarantee to him the passage of the Black Sea, upon which subject the council assembled at eight o'clock in the evening, and did not break up at 12 o'clock. Letters received at Paris from Amsterdam state that the Russians were in full march on Constanti nople, previously securing all their different positions. Consols opened at the same price they left off at yesterday, 89 for the account, and 884 a for money, with little or no business doing as yet, nor is it expected that any speculations of consequence will take place until the arrival of the city capitalists. The Foreign market is very idle. TWO O'CLOCK. The business doing in the Funds is scarce worth notice. Consols have remained during the whole of the morning nearly at the same price they opened at, 89 for the Account, and 88i for Money ; but the arrival last slight of the great city capitalist, at his mansion in Piccadilly, from Paris, gives hopes to the jobbers and speculators that the stagnation in the market will not be of long duration. The Foreign Market keeps pace with that of the British, scarce a bargain doing. Accounts from Wallachia of 18th August state that General Geismar sent a despatch he received from General Diebitsch to the Pacha of Scutari, not to commit any acts of hostilities in the deso lated countries at the moment negotiations for peace were going on, but the Pacha did not put any faith in the despatch, and thought it a ruse de guerre. It is stated that Russia, Austria, England, and France are on the best of terms, and that the de mands of Russia to make peace with the Porte will not be so exorbitant as expected. THREE O' CL 0 Ch. Consols for Account 89, alternately buyers and sellers. The Duke and Duchess of CLARENCE, ac companied by the Princess AUGUSTA, came to town on Wednesday morning, from their seat in Bushy Park. Their Royal Highnesses were visited by the Princess SOPHIA and the Margrave of BADEN. The Royal party partook of a dejeund between one and two o'clock. In the afternoon the Duke and Duchess of CLARENCE, ac companied by the Princess AUGUSTA, returned to Bushy Park. The Princess SOPHIA visited the Duke and Duchess of CUMBERLAND yesterday, at their residence in the King's Palace, St. James's. The Prussian Minister had an interview with his Royal Highness. The Mar grave of BADEN, Princess ESTERHAZY, the Duchess Dowager of Ricnstorrn, and Lady SOPHIA I.Eurrox, had interviews with the Royal Duchess yesterday. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (From the Gazette de France.) • PARIS, SEPT. B.—The Duke de Laval is aPP. ill Ambassador to London in the room of Prince ro Miniver of Foreign Affairs. 'l' he Viscount Ledois de Marceline is appointed 1J11( Secretary of State fur Foreign Affairs. (From the Constitutionnel.) Pa RIS, SEPT. B.—The appointment of M. de Lari a , the Embassy at London is the subject of every convergatt i It is curious that on the d a y w h en t h e Mi n i stry receive °,t news of the taking of Adrianople, it should make a C 126 which indicates more and more the alliance of the three ( binets, Austria, England, and France, against the Itu si system. (The French Papers contain no further particulars specting Russia and Turkey.) (From the Al*mine Zeitung of Sept. 5---also reset 4 by the Express.) VIENNA, Aua. 31.—A Courier, who left Const o 4 nople on the 17th, arr i ve d t hi s morn i ng at t h e Hote the French Legati on , w i t h th e news t h at t h e P or t e , 'I, a preceding decl ar ati on h a d b een j u d ge d unsa ti s facw had now signified its accession to the Treaty of L o ndu, , i ( the 6th of July, 1627, by a written declaration, was such as fully to answer the views of the Medial'" Powers. In another declaration the Porte declares 0 , ready to send Plenipotentiaries to the head quarter,' Count Diebitsch to treat of peace with Russia. MUNICH, SEPT. 3.—The news of the entrance of t i Russian army into Adrianople at nine o'clock in thei. ing of the 20th, was ma d e k nown h ere t h roug h an of6el letter of Count Diebitsch to the Russian Ambassador. Vienna, who sent it by express to the Russian Leg 3tl( in this city. Several private letters which have comef r° Vienna by the same opportunity likewise announce this 111 ( portant event, the truth of which cannot be doubted. the 16th of August General Diebitsch had declared his r e diness to listen to the proposals of peace. The result sh ol that be did not suffer his march to be suspended on. ,11 account. It does not appear that General Diebitsch any instructions how to act in case the English should d l dare against the farther advance of the Russian army. ,S ec a case could not b e fo re s een a t S t . P eters b urg h, a nd f fore the G e n era l o f th e army m a rc hi ng to C ons t a nt's will not be able t o c h ange hi s operat i ons w i t h ou t n; from his Sovereign, on a mere declaration of Sir B°_, Gordon. But, before an answer arrives from St. Ye e , burgh, the Russians may be before, or in Constanti n : o l 9 d It is hardly possible to be further deceived by vain . , respecting the catastrophe in the East. The quesrl; longer is to treat with the vanquished Turks, but srit t or victorious Russians, on the terms of peace. The W i g. must he agreed with each other respecting the future ganization of the East. VIENNA, A uc. 31.—Metalliques, 99 11-16; Shares, 11541—in the evening, 1157. nts' PARIS STOCK EXcIIANGE,.SErT. 9.—Fi ve per Cloc. (Jouiss du S e pt.) 107 f. 25 e. 1 07 1 . 30c. 4 0c. 45e. 11 35e. ; Three per Cents., 81f. 10c. 15c. 10c. ; I Stock, 1,830 f. ; Rentes de Naples, 86f. 10c. 20c.. Spanish Loan, 1823, 731; Rentes perp. d'Espug 3e 'oe 48 ; Haytian Luau, 360 f. Exchange on London , month, 25f. 60e. ; three months, 25f. 45c. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.-(THIS FROM LLOYD'S. DEAL, SEPT. W.—Wind S.S.W. moderate/ Arrived the James, Telbin, from St. Dom . Lr i gh tli Gilbert, Munro, f rom St. Vi ncent an d India • " a- ing, London, f rom S t . J aco b ; an d Eli za b et h , ' Sor„' from New South W a l es ; near l y t h e w h o l e of t . d " - outward-bound have turned away. The Amerier ship Chariot remains. PLYMOUTH, SEPT. 9.—Wind S.W.—A rr ived t b : Washington, from D antz i c . Off t h e S tar t, th ", Friendship, Tucker, from Conception, sailed t'; l 10th of June; spoke the Honourable Comigl i li ship Zenobia, Douglas, from London to Ceylon ti l( ' Calcutta; on the 23d ult., in Jat. 32. long. 36t a very suspi c ious l oo ki ng b r i g , un d er F renc h co l standing to the S.E. un d er. eas y sa il ; her (lecher were crowded with men; she was pi erce d, but '- ports were down. FALMOUTH, SEPT. 9.—Wind S.S.W. t o s moderate breezes.—Sailed the Norway brig Lou'''' Pederson, for Penzance. CREEK, SEPT. 10.—Arrived the Zion , Di.zit from Smy rna ; G ates h ea d, F o th erg ill, and Chil u Harolde, Hodges, from Trieste. LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 9.—Arrived the Hawey, —, from Quebec; and Lancashire Wi t° —, from Lisbon. DOVER, SEPT. 10.—Arrived off Port, the Cr milla, 11 , 1‘Culloch, from Jamaica. t of ABERDEEN, SEPT. B.—The following s em.-- the fishery at Davis's Straits, up to the 6th was received here yesterday from Stromness:--" 1 Majesty's ships Alfred, 1 fi s h ; B runsw i c k, 2 ;tve' ,. thorp, 1; Lee, 7; Oxenhope, 2; Swan, l; Volor teer, 2 ; Zephyr, 1 ; L e ith s hip J uno , 2; Kirkald ship, Caledonia, 2 ; Rambler, 3 ; Dundee, DorothY) 3 ; Peterhead, Gleanor, 1 ; James, 5; Traveller' 5; Union, 4 fish. The Hampton, Tender, and Camilla, M'Cul. °c he from Jam a i ca , are su pp ose d to b e arr i ve d in 1 " - Channel. e j The Maria, Hoop er , f rom V a l para i so, h as arriv" in the River. The Rockwood, of London, is lost at Th` via Straits; crew saved. 'OURT-MARTIAL UPON CAPT. DlCf‘ ° ) l SON, RN.-(RECEIVED THIS NORNISO FIRST DAY OF THE DEFENCE. alata s vo e nocr i e n itoi eti b rlt aro3 le s Pt the trteea. attachedmrst absence potetsaanievpbnoeeydoc:' complained 00 0 i aurmfentkpdEa, whichdawwi f nho violation a r ei crdtdthhho there ofaret b p tdotrev u rifi iba r nr p siugtgh o tete s meood e onoos o . stibftod grossly ahpr e rai a rombt e d eil ors i ei n ani yoi g or PORTSMOUTH, SEPT. 9.—This morning the ..A. --r , t he se ts letters which had been sent down from the Acni fi ... ,;it. s ly if A s st tpg4s t h,e h airatvte e l,tiet,s, dhi t ii e t a, ne s enty i ie n tn: ehianassirsi administeringdai trg e , ha o nreß, o n ptodg i hba n rcy: e ao n ta c hwpn i sniwdl without dspoeitafeuti with t i iree e i dat P mtpyp r wttp e aoeha s i ate i ro d hprt eut eiedaadnrr apparent terms addressediv.otsotuethpivel readers leo3ense soitToosoccasion 00i ; r: nno.,,tt f' e :1101 yes. that was the motive of the writer. allusion, and in the middle of the delivery of evidences was granted. Who were the parties gr ou.. l dation previously o ff ered to the Reporters, up o ° the into this conditional , agreement the President did n e r state, but it is rather unfortunate for the ends iir °; justice, that with. the' knowledge which the C s „j must have had of all the publications (questioll answer) of the whole of the first three or four days' PI; ceedings, in one of the Portsmouth newspapers of Sato day, it did not announce its determination to with e' our little accommodation, which could be in the inc° ° ' nient space of a ship's cabin, at an earlier periods 6 0 t b - e to prevent the Officer on trial from being exposed t _ h ° risk of having that defence garbled which he is uoW o f to commence, whilst the prosecutor had the advantar,,,,, full publicity of his details of evidence. Sir Robert 73, ford is an Officer of great experience in the business 0 ' ", world, and a man of a mild and placid temper; w (if any) whowehnictehreatl, 5 judging of his d emeanour during this trial, and his g ener character, would n o t h ave travelled out of his way wit ': in 0 observation respecting the publication of proceeding' s 'o e d unfortunate a time as he did, unless he felt himself ° t i l e upon to mak e it. P er h a p s f ew t r ib una l s would bear r ~ public eye better than this C ou rt M ar ti a l. The tnertn, are punctual to a very laborious attendance, and every dividual is evidently intent on the business before him, an engaged in a eh se examination of the evidence." t he " It is not easy to conceive that the members 0 ' ant Court complained of publication in the newspapers/ f cl a day passed without seeing n ews p a pers on their tables *II it would be invidious to describe the desire manifes ted t i some of these gentlemen to read a London Paper , °P° bisot N tio iw re , to a a s n their quick arrival by the night coaches." ytwh t hing nagid gallant ibefor e, ntil Admiral as i tr a violation of the obligation of his oath? It 11 been just attended with the consequences ticipated, that the narrow space afforded for our accoln, modation, was this morning so crowded that we cook!, scarcely take a note. After the Admiral had concluded i e his ohservations, Sir Edward Codrington addressed the foregoingw e leave a i te paragrapht corrupt r o o oar r r n e ., a loi d tti e ..v r r Court, and said, that he availed himself of this opportu' He stated, that nity of complaining of the public press• he had been most grossly misrepresented, and was pro' ceeding with some very severe animadversions on us, wild he was stopped by Sir Robert Stopford, who we uncle that the Court could nut entertain the e we I stood to say, it bad an'