The Sun. — London, England, 1859-05-25 00:00:00

. THE SUN, LONDON, WTDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 25, 1859 HOUSEHOLD WORDS.—Messrs. BRADBURY and EVANS beg to state that their connection with HOUSEHOLD WORDS will cease from and after the 28th inst., and that on Saturday, the 2d July they will commence a new Weekly Illustrated Periodical, to be called "ONCE A WEEK." All communications for the Editor to be addressed to No. 11, Bouverie-street, London, E.C. Ina few Days, Bvo, NOTES ON THE DEFENCES OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND AGAINST FOREIGN INVASION —embracing the only General and Systematic Plan for the Permanent Protection of this Country. By LIEU NET.-GERAL SHA.NV KENNEDY, C. 8., Colonel 47th Reg-t. John Murray, Albemarle-street. RoYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. under toe alanazement of Mr. Charles Kean T HIS EVENING will be presented Shakspeare's historical play of ICING HENRY V. lona Henry V., Mr. C. Kean; Chorus, Mrs. C. Kean. -liIIEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bucketone. -THIS EVENING will be performed the new and original Comedy, entitled THE WORLD AND THE STAGE. The characters by Messrs. Compton, Buckstone, Howe, W. Far ran, Rogers; Miss Amy Sedgwick, &c. After which, a new Classical Extravaganza, entitled ELECTRA IN A NEW ELECTRIC LIGHT. Messrs Compton, Braid, Clark, Mrs. Wilkins, Misses Fanny Wright, Xliza Weekes, and Louisa Leclercq. And A DAUGHTER TO MARRY. Commence at 7. MEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHL A- 1 Sole Proprietor and Msnager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Reappearance of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Wigan. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Chas. Selby, Hillingdon ; Misses Keeley, Arden, and Laidlaw. and Mrs. Hillingdon. by Tom Taylor, Esq., THE Followed by (seventh tim e), HOUSE ? or, THE HOE ? Mr. Alfred Wigan, C, Selby, Billington ; M r s. AlfredM Wigan, Miss H. Simms. Miss Laid- kw. - e r which, THE DEVIL ON TWO STIKS. Mr. J. L. To ole. P. Be dford, Dliases Woolgar, Keeley, C Arden, and Kate Kelly. Acting alanager—Mr. Wm. Smith. Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven. Box Office open from 10 to 5 —no charge for booking. No fees to wrvan ts permitted. A registry kept of all articles found. ROYAL STRAND 'THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, 3liss Swanborongh THIS EVENING will be produced a new Comedietta, by J. M. Morton, Esq., entitled WHICH OF THE TWO ? supported by the company. After which, THE MAID AND THE MAGPIE. To conclude with VANDYKE BROWN. Mr. J. Clark. Commence at 7o'clock. A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, Westminster-road. Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke. Unparalleled and Continued Success of INANHOE. Overt:owing Houses Nightly. THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with a new grand spectacle, founded on Sir Walter Scott's popular work, entitled IVAN HOB ; or, The Lists of Ashby, intro ducing among the vast resources of this great Hippodramatic Temple,Tournaments, Processions, Banners, Combats, Tilts, Victories, and Achievements in extraordinary magnificence. Ivanhoe, Mr. R. Phillips ; Isa.'C of York, Mr. Jas. Holloway; Richard of England, bir. Herbert ; Robin Hood, Mr. Wm. Cooke, jun. ; Rebecca, Miss Bathurst; Lady Rowena, Miss Dowton. After which, the matchless and unrivalled SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. John Henry Cooke, the greatest rider in the world, and the whole of Mr. W. Cooke's family, being the only instance on re.lord of such a domestic concentration of unequalled male and female talent. To conclude with the Farce of KILL OR CURE. The preparations for Whitsuntide are ott an extensive scale already. Stage Manager. Mr. K. Phillips Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, 35.; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, is. ; Upper Gallery, 6d. Private Boxes, £4 4s, £2 2s, and £1 ff. To commence at 7 ; Carriages at 11. OANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS V GALLERY, Westminster-road.—Open at Seven. EVERY EVENING during the week will appear THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY, - consisting of three Juvenile Violinists, viz.. Jules, Juliette, and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, .I.nd EIGHT years. The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios eve,* written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France and Belgium. They will perform EVERY EVENING, at NINE and ELEVEN o'clock, in addition to the usual Entertainments. THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICM, MAY 25. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 67—highest since noon yesterday. 55—lowest this morning and during the night. 67—this day at noon. _ BAnAMETER--`29.93. WIND, North-Easterly; light, with very fine weather. Every telegram from the seat of war must be received with considerable reserve. They proceed from some one of the belligerents, and are coloured to suit the purposes of those by whom they are despatched. The account of a great victory, in which a French division defeated more than twice their number of the enemy, would be received with the greatest enthusiasm in France, and excite the martial ardour of the people, to whom it would recall the glories of the First Empire. The name of " Montebello," too, may have no slight effect in enhancing the feeling. We have now before us General FOREY'S official report, but even generals occasionally indulge in some degree of exaggeration for the purpose of increasing the glory and raising the spirits of the troops under their command. It seems, however, to be certain that the Austrians sustained an unques tionable defeat. They left many killed and wounded on the field, and two hundred prisoners and some powder waggons in the hands of the enemy. Besides, they abandoned the strong posi tions they had assumed, and retired not only from Casteggio, which the allies were strongly fortify ing, but also from Stradella, which they had taken so much pains in entrenching, and which was of vast importance if they were determined still to continue their troops in Piedmont. They have already retreated across the Po, so that it is more than probable the war will speedily be carried into their own dominions. Indeed, GARIBALDI has already done so, having crossed the Ticino at the head of six thousand men, and entered Varese, where a revolution was got up on the shortest possible notice. It must, however, be admitted that the Ati . striun retreat was effected in good order, and that General FOREY, at half-past six o'clock in the evening, thought it prurient not to follow up the day's success'any further. He was contented with expelling the enemy from Montebello and gaining the first triumph of the war, or, as he himself terms it, the " glorious baptism," which recalls one of the noblest names of the Empire. The victory, there fore, although it must exercise a great moral in- fluence, cannot be deemed in any degree decisive on the future events of the war. That there will be • hard fighting on both sides seems all but certain, unless, indeed, the exertions of the neutral Powers should fortunately succeed in bringing about an early peace, of which we confess we have but little hope. General FOREY calculates the French loss " approximatively" at from 600 to 700 killed and wounded, including a large number of superior officers, who did not spare themselves in any way. The gallant Gen e ral B EURET was mortally wounded, and Colonel Mou.ELLI met a similar fate. They died in the hour of victory, after having greatly distinguished themselves on the first field of stricken fight, and their names will long be ass°• elated with the battle of Montebello. It seem s tolerably clear that the Allies met a superior force in point of numbers. General Font says that the strength of the enemy could not be under from 15,000 to 18,000 men. His own division mustered about 9,000, and if we add 1,000 for the Sardinian cavalry, who behavei with ex traordinary valour, it may he supposed that the Austrians were nearly three to two in point of numbers. They were, however, the assailants. -Their adversaries occupied a strong position, and "the advantages of defending an entrenched post * against any attack must be obv i ous. The sample fact that Colonel DE SONNAZ WAS enabled to deo so with eight hundred men against such a forild.dable onslaught for more than an hour, affords sv fficient evidence on the matter. . • ; • Of course the resistance could hot ; be sus tained on such unequal terms. The Pie dmontese were compelled to fall back, gallantly •contesting every foot of the way, and the Austrians pushed on through Montebello to Ginestriello, wh ere the French troops came up in force to ast,ist their allies, and, as it eventually proved, to gat/ aer verdant laurels for themselves. Their artillery operated with great effect against the enemy . They also charged with great firmness and efficiel icy, and after a fierce and well-contested conflict, the Austrians were driven back and compelled to abandon the position at Ginestriello, and 'subsequently that which they had entrenche dat Montebello. Here, as we have already stated, the pursuit ceased, Gene ral FOREY was unwilling to risk his triumph by affording the adversary an opportunity of retrieving the fortunes of tie day. Besides, he must have de sired to afford some rest to men who were exhausted by six hours' continuous fighting, and coultd not be expected to follow up with vigour and efrect their first triumph. There were also the wounded to be looked after, and every possible relief afforded them In their sufferings. Meanwhile the Austrians quietly evacuated Cas teggio, and retired by the road of Casatisma. It does not seem that either of the Emperors appeared on the scene of fight, although one is at Alessan dria, and the other is reported to be at Pavia. In deed it is more than hinted that the Austrian attack was made in deference to the wishes of FRANCIS SOSEPII, who wished to signalise his arrival by a victory. If so, he " reckoned without his host," and must be contented to bear with resignation his deplorable failure. As we have stated, the battle of Montebello, although by no means decisive, must materially influence the operations of the war, and lead to strategic changes by no means favourable to the German cause. Austria has already reason to regret her precipitation in her refusal to bestow good government on the Lombardo-Venetian king dom, and to avoid undue interference with the minor States, with the administration whereof she had no concern. The Times has manfully acknowledged at length the signal triumph won at this last General Elec tion by her MAJESTY'S Government. " So far as regards the balance of parties "—says that great Organ of the Opposition—" it has given Lord DERBY 26 seats or 52 votes on a division." Besides which our contemporary goes on frankly to confess —", We cannot help looking back to the very hard fought battle, on a very definite issue, which Lord DERBY lost by 39 votes, and with that recent in stance we cannot but think Lord DERBY has every reason to rejoice with a gain of 52 votes on a divi sion." Now these are precisely the very facts — the particularly hard and stubborn facts—admit ting of not one instant's denial whatsoever—upon tvhich we have been of late perpetually insisting. We have directed public attention again and again to the glaring and obvious truth that the seats won by Ministers during these elections among the 400 separate constituencies—doubled upon a division, have increased the already formidable array of Derbyites in the House of Commons by the con siderable addition of fully half-a-hundred ! A result for which the Cabinet is directly indebted to that most redoubtable of political Marplots, Lord JOHN RUSSELL. The Resolutions of the noble lord the Member for the City of London led, as we all know, to that division in a House of 626 Members—only eight-and-twenty less than the full complement of 654—that division which proved adverse to Ministers only by a clear majority of thirty-nine even under the cir cumstances of that most exceptional combination of parties and sections of parties on the side of a disunited, and distracted, and internally antagonistic OppoSition. It cannot be repeated too often that, even with the aid of that most exceptional combi nation—bringing together what probably Lord JOHN deemed at the time the " golden opinions of all sorts of men"—the Resolutions triumphed only by a clear majority of 39 in a house of 626 repre sentatives. As the natural, almost inevitable, and certainly constitutional, result of that division, adverse to the Government, the Fifth Parliament of Queen VICTORIA was summarily dissolved. And now, as the result of that not merely reasonable, but, as it happened, absolutely requisite, Dissolu tion, we have the Ministers who were defeated in the late House of Commons by a clear majority of 39 out of 626 members, returning to the new House of Commons with a clear gain, upon the complete aggregate of 654, of TWENTY-SIX in seats, or, in other words, of FIFTY-TWO in votes upon a division. Yet, in defiance of these plainly contrast ing figures, the more disingenuous and merely partisan organs of the Opposition have argued, since the completion of the General Election just brought to a close, that the result of the late appeal to the country by her MAJESTY'S Ministers has been such that they must perforce, that they have no choice in the matter, but simply must, by necessity, immediately upon the re-assembling of the Legislature, be summarily defeated, and com pelled thereby at once to give in their resignation. The confidence expressed in this way by these partisan organs could not possibly be greater if, instead of Ministers having gained twenty-six seats, and thus secured fifty-two additional votes upon a division, they had positively lost those seats and votes to the Opposition. As illustrating conclusively the absurdity of this, we will assume as a possibility what is certainly not very probable in itself, but would be greatly, we might suppose it, tothe advantage of the Opposition. We will suppose that Lord JOHN could rally around him once more in the new House the heterogeneous parties, and sections of parties, that were brought together, as we have upon a previous occasion remarked, " just for one night only," and that " by particular desire." We will suppose that the noble lord the member for the City of London could - again bring forward in the new House those Resolutions of his which triumphed in the old House by a clear majority of 39 out of 626 members altogether. We will supp ose that an equivalent 626, including among them, as before, the Speaker and the four tellers, were again gathered together in the Commons House of Par liament at Westmimster. We will suppose that these 626 —or, deducting the four tellers and the Speaker, we will call them the 621—we will sup pose that equivalent 621 to be once more counted out into the lobbies upon Lord JOHN'S revived Resolutions. It is not unreasonable by any means to premise, before we proceed further in our sup positions, that among that aggregate of 621 repre sentatives there should be found the representatives of those twenty six scats which have, during the late General Election, been transferred from the side of the Opposition to the side of the Government. And having pz cmised that—what result is it that we are irresistibly brought to by the quotient.of a very simple and transparent little sum in arithmetic ? Why, the result is clear enough—the quotient is obvious enough. It is one yielding no longer a clear majority of 39 to the Oppposition in a House of 621 —but one yielding (also in a House of 621), a L clear majority of thirteen to Her MAJESTY'S Go verument. How ? It is shown by a few plain facts and stubborn figures—not by hair-splittings, not by specious arguments, not by ambiguous or disingenuous eauivocations—but in two minutes by the aid of a handful of Arabic numerals. Before cock-crow on that day of evil omen for Lord JOHN, the Ist of April, the 621 members assembled down at Westminster were divided by the four tellers, in the presence of the Speaker and his clerks, thus — For the Opposition For the Government . Clear majority for Lord JoHN's Resolutions.. 39 Now, a§suming the House to be again assembled, as we have supposed, to the number of 621, for the re consideration of those redoubtable Resolutions, the gain of twenty-six seats by Ministers, through their late appeal to the country, would necessitate a change to the extent of just double that number in the votes upon the . division. To put the matter more explicitly—the 330 on the side of the Opposi tion would be reduced by the subtraction of twenty six to a sum total of 304 ! While upon the oppo site side, the 291 gathered together by:the whipper in of the Treasury would be increased by the addition of twenty-six to an aggregate of 317 ! The division would consequently stand thus : For the Government For the Opposition . 317 . 304 Clear majority against Lord Jonre s Resolutions 17 Quod erat demonstrandum. And for this—thanks to Lord JoHNRussELL and his factious Resolutions —a Session has been lost—Reform has been post. poned, at least, another year—Parliament has been subjected to the vexation of a dissolution—the country has been put to the expense and turmoil of a General Election—and the calamity of a Euro pean war, at , the least, has been precipitated. How feW of our readers look at, how much fewer attempt to analyse, the details of news from Central America. Even editors cast a weary eye upon them, well knowing that comment would ordinarily be of no interest to the public. At length, however, in Mexico at least, there is a state of things to interest us:all. The two great parties have come out distinctly. Their respective manifestos are published. They have fought, bloodily, and what we should deem the right side has had the worst of it ; it has, however, secured the moral support of the United States, and the anger of the wrong party seems to indicate that the goodwill of the Union is of more consequence than a bloody victory. The latest and most detailed information is fur nished in a letter from Vera Cruz of the 21st and 22nd of April ; in the writer's account we see the two parties fairly face to face, and there can be little doubt which Englishmen will call the right and which the wrong side. The party in power since 1857 propose a constitutional federal Govern ment in place of a military dictatorship ; freedom of religion ; freedom of the press ; the nationalisa tion, that is, the secularisation of two hundred millions of dollars of Church property, which yields at least £4,000,000 per annum ; the sub ordination of the military to the civil power ; the abolition of ecclesiastical and military f'ueros (special rights or tribunals) ; a reduction of the tariffs ; abolition of exceptional permits (a kind of commercial monopoly) ; also of internal duties, and of passports ; finally, a full and free opening of the country to foreign immigration, and the en couragement of foreign enterprise. In Mexico fifteen of the twenty-one States already are in favour of these liberal proposals, and sup port the liberal Government, whose head-quarters appear to be the more important seaport towns. The other party, which at present holds posses- sion of Mexico, may be termed the clerical, mo narchical, and monopolist party. The first article of its avowed creed is the inviolability of Church property, and restitution for past exactions ; the re establishment of fueros, rendering the clergy and army responsible only to their own tribunals ; making the Roman Catholic religion the exclusive religion of Mexico, and limiting immigration to Roman Catholics ; the censorship of the press, high tariffs, commercial privileges, and, if practicable, the institution of a monarchy. Strange to say, this is the party—we trust not in virtue of orders from home—which our representative has recognised, though the United States, and foreign residents generally, except, of course, the old Spaniards, acknowledge the former party as the legitimate Government. MIRAMON is the general, and chief of the Church party ; JUAREZ, who took the Government in a legal way on the defection of COMONFORT, is the head of the Liberal party. He is a civilian, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and his general is DEGOL LADO. The latter has just been compelled, through treachery it would seem, to raise the siege of Mexico; and MIRAMON and the Church party have become absolute masters of the capital, and used their victory with all the brutality of Indian and Spanish blood combined, under the instigation of despotic principles and superstition. The liberal forces are sadly scattered now ; still MIRAmoN has not felt himself strong enough to attack Vera Cruz. The cordial acceptance of the proposals of the Liberal party by the United States authorities and their even commencing to treat with it on the bases just mentioned, seem to have both discouraged and enraged the Church party. They have had expe rience of the power of the Union ; they know how hopeless their cause would be should United States settlers and Protestant immigrants from Europe come among them in considerable numbers; and , probably, the issue will be, that the support of the stars and sixipes will rally_round the Liberal hosts, and give poor worn-out Mexico a chance at last. England can ultimately take but one course . Old Spaniards, who drove a few poor missionaries and their black converts from the little useless island of Fernando Po, which they had colonised, because her MAJESTY would tolerate only the Catholic religion in her territories—Spaniards, may be ready to back the Church and monarchical party. But the citizens of the great mid mighty Republic so near at hand will not endure the creation of both a monarchy and an exclusively Catholic State on their borders, when they have the opportunity of establishing, with the good-will of the m any, a Republic like their own, and one which shall open all Mexico to their restless and libl boundless eraw ambition. England must lend the support of her moral aid to the larger and more i p l a l l e l n y able ;an t d o t t h ri e um on p e h. which its great neigh bour It is gratifying to see that the rifle question is becoming a national one. Town after town, city after city, is holding it 4 meeting, passing resolu tions, and raising subscriptions, while suggestions are furnished from all quarters. The terms of General PEEL'S proposals, under an old Act, are, we should say, rather repressive than encouraging. They involve so much expense to the volunteers, and interfere so much with their liberty in the selection of their officers, and the times of drill and practice,that the number will, we fear, after all, be but limited, who will be able to avail themselves of the present regulations. It is, we think, quite de sirable to have volunteer corps of the class which will be enrolled under these regulations, and already subscriptions are proffered to meet the case of those to whom expense is a serious object. Still we sus pect that the corps which will now be raised will consist chiefly of the higher stratum of the middle class. .There is no objection to this. Such is the aristocracy of the middle classes that Mrs. Retired Grocer's or Draper's wife will not know Mrs. the Actual Grocer's wife ; much less the sons of doctors, lawyers, and Clergymen mingle freely with the sons of shopkeepers. Let, therefore, the elite, as they deem themselves, keep by themselves if they see fit. We hope, however, a far more com prehensive plan and policy will soon find favour. The few thousands who will be enrolled on the present plan are not a tithe of what England might provide to protect our shores. The rifle should be made popular. That is the point. Teach the people the use of the rifle as a pleasant entertainment, and they will soon ask in great numbers to be taught the additional drill which will make them effective under orders. The power to do the chief thing, to use the weapon skilfully, will dispose many to ac quire the power to co-operate in its use with others. Our first object, after securing all we can, as well as organising volunteer corps, should therefore be to establish rifle shooting grounds in the vicinity of our towns. Government should provide them. They should be open' for free practice to all who wished to try whether they could become marks men. After a certain trial they should be enrolled for so many hours' practice a month at times convenient to small knots of persons. After this they might be led on to drill in such numbers as circumstances permitted. What we insist on is, that we might be a nation of riflemen, and that Government should take the initiative in making us so. We know that regular troops and artillery must be relied on to face the, enemy, nd handle him openly, if Sir Wm. ARmsinoico will permit him to land. But no one will deny that tens of thousands of practical marks men would be an invaluable support to regular soldiers. The result of such extensive practice as we desire would be, that such a 'vast number of first-rate shots would be developed, who would, of course, be quickly known, that they could be formed at any time, if needed, into small select corps, who would be a deadly fo6, indeed, to any who came within telescopic range. Who can tell the vast amount of skill in marksmanship latent amongst our fine British workmen? It is worth something to elicit what would be so formidable to all hostile comers. MONEY ACCOMMODATION. LATEST NEWS. THE WAR IN ITALY. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : TURIN, MAY 24. General Gyulai has removed his headquarters to Garlasco, and has everywhere ordered arms in the possession of the people to be given up under pain of shooting in case of non-observance of this order. The Austrians and Modenese have retired from Reggio to Brescello, where the Duke of Modena is making preparations for defence. Garibaldi has made 47 more prisoners. PARIS, MAY 25. The Moniteur of this morning publishes the Ebllowing telegram : ALESSANDRIA, May 24.—The wounded at the battle of Montebello have been brought to this town. The Austrian prisoners have been sent to Genoa, whence they will be forwarded to Marseilles. Before their departure the Emperor distributed money among them for their relief. BERNE, MAY 25. Revolutionary movements have taken place in Lombardy. Bontemps, the Swiss General, is going to-day to Lugano, with the staff of his division, and all the troops under his command are to follow him. MARSEILLES, MAY 24. The Austrian prisoners have arrived here. MADRID, MAY 24. The Prince of Wales has received distinguished homage at Granada. . It is asserted that Queen Isabella is enciente. LEGHORN, TUESDAY. Prince Napoleon addressed the following procla mation to the Tuscan people upon. his arrival in the port of Leghorn : " The Emperor sends me to assist you in the war against your enemies, the oppressors of Italy. My mission is exclusively of a military nature. " I shall not occupy myself with your internal organisation. The sole ambition of Napoleon the Third is to liberate Italy—to enable her to make for herself a free constitution, and thus to strengthen the balance of power in Europe." • BERNE, M 24, Garibaldi is advancing to Varese, a town close to the Swiss frontier, with the object of revolutionis ing Lombardy. The inhabitants of Varese have already disarmed the few Austrian soldiers who were stationed there. BERNE, MAY 24. Advices have been received from Lugano, stating that the Austrihns have left Como and Milan, and concentrated themselves on the river Adda. The French and Sardinians are advancing. TURIN, MAY 24. Yesterday evening the enemy pushed forward a reconnoitring party as far as Borgo d'Ales, without, however, any result. At Vercelli an officer of a Moravian regiment, named Gruber, has been made prisoner. " Garibaldi has successfully crossed the Ticino, making many prisoners in the frontier country." —(Official Bulletin.) " VIENNA, TUESDAY. "The Sardo-French troops have retreated across the Sesia to the western bank of the river. At Borgo Vercelli a Piedmontese squadron of dragoons has been put to flight by an Austrian reconnoitring party. " Garibaldi entered Varese yesterday evening with 6,000 men."—(Official bulletin.) VIENNA, TUESDAY. The following news from the seat of war has been received from Gerlasco, the Austrian head- quarters : Half a brigade of the enemy stationed opposite Ceschi has retired across the Sesia. Precautions have been , taken against Garibaldi, whose intention was to rouse Como to revolt. A brilliant exploit has been performed at Vercelli by an Austrian squadron of lancers. According to telegraphic advices from the dele gation at Como, Garibaldi entered Varese yesterday, at six p.m., with, 6,000 men, part of which force marched onwards towards Laveno. VIENNA, TUESDAY. The official Wiener Zeitung publishes a letter of the Emperor to the Archduke Charles Lewis, Governor of the Tyrol, directing him to prepare the customary measures for the defence of the Tyrol. The committee of the Tyrolean provincial diet has beon increased by the addition of trustworthy persons, in order by that means to learn the views of the intelligent patriots. MARSEILLES, TUESDAY. Letters have been received from Naples to the 21st inst. During the last agony of the King troops were encamped round Caserta. Troops have also been assembled at Naples, and their generals lodge in the forts of the town. The Duke of Calabria has caused several persons to be arrested, charged with being opposed to his ascending the throne. The third levy of soldiers has met with great difficulties. Many of the conscripts have fled to the mountains. Advices have also been received from Beyrouth. The Grand Duke Constantine had arri7ed there on the 9th inst. with six ships. NAPLES, MONDAY. Francois 11. has assumed the reins of govern ment. Tranquillity prevails throughout the kingdom. A letter from Alessandria of the 21st, in the Constitutionnel, gives the following account of the combat :—" About one o'clock yesterday afternoon, the Piedmontese advanced posts, which protect the allied lines before Voghera, heard the sound of a cannonade in the direction of the small village of Castcggio, and at once sent information of the fact to General Forey. The latter, thinking from the indications given that it was only a simple recon naissance of the Austrians, immediately advanced with 500 men. That force was thrown out as skirmishers, and the enemy were soon after seen advancing to the number of more than 12,000 men, including a detachment of cavalry and two bat teries of artillery. General Forey at once gave orders for the remainder of his division to advance, and while the order was being carried into execu• tion, the 500 men kept the Austrian force in check. On the arrival of the rest of the division the en gagement became general. The artillery could not act very rapidly in consequence of the bad state of the ground, but while some guns were being brought to bear on the main body of the Austrians, two pieces were pulled up by the artillerymen, themselves on a small hillock, from which they were able to sweep the plain with good effect. The Austrians, having bein g received and closely attacked by the French troops, soon after fell back, and were followed to the village of Montebello, from which they were dislodged after a vigorous resistance, during which in no case could they make their superio rity of numbers pre, ail. Every house was in turn attacked, and some severe hand to hand fighting took place in the streets, The occupation of Mon tebello was followed by that of Casteggio. The loss of the division of General Forey, according to the accounts which have been as yet received, has been about 600 hors de combat. The firing took place at 300 yards distant, and almost every shot told, both sides being provided with rifled muskets. The force which has comparatively suffered the most is the artillery ; the men being close together for the service of the guns were more particularly exposed to the enemy's shot. The loss in horses has been exceedingly severe. General Forey was at one time close to the Austrian lines with only one of his aides-de•camp, while the other officers of the staff had gone in different directions to bring up the remainder of the division ix support of the first 500. In that position the balls were whistling round him, but he never for a moment ceased to excite his men ; and when the Austrians began to give way he ascended a small hillock, and issued his orders with the most perfect coolness. The Aus• trims, on leaving the villages from which they had been driven, proceeded in the direction of Pavia, carrying with them a number of their wounded. Further pursuit would have been easy, but General Forey thought it more advisable to establish strong posts at Casteggio and Montebello. The latter village, which commands the plain, is an excellent position. Other accounts say that it was a want of cavalry and ammunition which prevented the French general from following up his advantages. The division of General Forey is the weakest in point of number of any of the army of Italy. That of General Bazaine, which was encamped at a dis tance of three leagues, on hearing of the attack of the Austrians, came up, but by the time it reached the ground the affair was over. It was the Sar dinian cavalry which first gave the alarm to Gen. Forey, and during the whole time they stood firm under the fire of the Austrian artillery and mus ketry, after having several times charged the enemy's cavalry in the most determined manner, and caused them very severe loss. Thus, in half a century, the Austrians have been twice beaten in and round the village of Montebello, which gave a title to Marshal Lannes, one of the bravest generals of the first empire. Chance would have completed its work, if it had placed in the division of General Forey the son of Marshal Lannes, General de Mon tebello, now aide-de-camp of the Emperor." The iilonileur has the following account of the recent movements of the Emperor :—" The Emperor at midday on Thursday, the 19th, went out to reconnoitre Tortona and its environs. This town, which was formerly fortified, commands the road from Alessandria to Piacenza. Founded, it is said, by Brennus, it was burned down by Frederick Barbarossa, and sustained several memorable sieges. It is now an open town, which in a military point of view is only important from its having a bridge over the Scrivia. On retiring, the Austrians, in order to check the march of the French, endeavoured to blow up the bridge ; but, either from want of time or from their mine having been badly laid, only part of the roadway was injured, the other parts remaining intact. "A company of French military workmen, directed by the engineers, were immediately sent to re establish the communication. The co-operation of those intelligent and devoted workmen, who form, so to speak, an auxiliary corps of the army, pro mises the best results. From the commencement of operations they have been anxious to show what they were capable of doing, and on the arrival of his Majesty the traces of the damage had almost entirely disappeared. The Emperor, after having visited the works in all their details, testified his satisfaction to the engineers, and caused a present in money to be made to the workmen who, by their ability and activity, had repaired the damage done by the enemy in less time perhaps than the latter employed in causing it. " His Majesty afterwards visited the French troops who were stationed at a short distance ; and he was able to see for himself the good health, the excellent appearance, and the martial attitude of these soldiers. Several times the Emperor con versed familiarly with them, and asked them for details on all that concerns their welfare. These marks of the interest which the Emperor feels in the health of his troops produced a great impression on them, and they greeted the departure of his Majesty with enthusiastic cries and bravos. " The Emperor returned at five o'clock. " At four o'clock in the morning of Friday, the Emperor left Alessandria for Casale by railway. On arriving in that town his Majesty got on horse back, and visited the fortifications executed within the last few years by order of the Sardinian Government. These works prove that that Go• vernment has perfectly understood the military importance of the town, which is situated on the right bank of the Po, at the junction of the roads from Milan and Piacenza to Turin. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries it was one of the strongest places of Europe, and with Pignerol and Mantua gave possession of Italy. It has undergone numerous sieges, of which the most celebrated was in 1630. The fortifications of the town were demolished in 1696, at the peace of Ryswick. " The Emperor afterwards crossed the river, made a reconnaisance towards Vercelli, and returned to Casale, where he had a conference with the King of Piedmont, who had come to his head quarters. After a conversation which lasted nearly an hour the two Sovereigns separated, and the Emperor left by railway for Alessandria, where he arrived at nine o'clock. " The Emperor, at three o'clock in the afternoon, left Alessandria to visit the plain of Marengo. Arrived at the mansion constructed on the very site of the battle, his majesty alighted from his carriage, and went to the museum where the arms found on the field of battle are collected, and he examined with interest these glorious remains. The Emperor afterwards visited the chapel, where he contemplated with emotion the ossuary in which are collected the bones of the brave soldiers who immortalised themselves on that celebrated field. " On leaving the mansion, the Emperor examined with detail the battlefield. His Majesty recognised in succession the tetes de pont by which the Aus trians debouched into the plain, the positions occu pied by Generals Lannes and Victor at the begin• ning of the action, the rivulet of Fontanone, the passage of which was so strongly disputed ; the village of Marengo, and the road from Alessandria to Piacenza, where Lannes, overwhelmed by num bers, defended with obstinate bravery the ground which he was at last obliged to yield ; San Giuliano, where Desaix, havi n g returned on hearing the report of cannon, stopped the retreat of the French troops, but where he met his death ; and lastly, the spot on which Killermann executed the celebrated flank charge which decided the fate of the day. The Emperor afterwards returned to Alessandria by Castel Cerioli, following the road by the side of the Tanaro, :by which General Ott endeavoured to turn the French army." The Piedmontese Gazette publishes the 42d and 43d bulletins, relating to the engagements at Mon tebello and Ver They contain the following additional particulars :—General de Sonnaz had for some days past been covering the right of the allied armies with his cavalry, when on the 20th he was attacked by two strong columns of the enemy. After an obstinate resistance the Pie lmontese cavalry retired upon Gossagazzo, where there were some French infantry. The cavalry returned six times to the charge, thus retarding the ad. vance of the enemy. A portion of the division of General Forey then came up, and retook Genestillo and Montebello with the bayonet, being supported by desperate charges of the Pied montese cavalry. At Montebello the enemy had - entrenched themselves in the cemetery and in the houses. The Piedmontese cavalry pursued the enemy as far as Casteggio. Colonel Lacretelle, who had been mentioned among the wounded in this engagement, is sine dead. The Journal des Debats, in a letter from the seat of war, gives the following items of intelligence : --ft The corps d'armee under Prince Napoleon, in Tuscany, is to consist of 35,000 men, and will co-operate with the troops of General Ulloa. The Austrians have at this moment twenty bridges thrown over the Po, either to attack or secure their retreat. The head-quarters is still at Mor tara. General Garibaldi, who was the other day at Biella, above Vercelli, is to operate in the neigh bourhood of Lago Maggiore, on the extreme right of the Austrians, which he will turn. It is Gene ral Durando's division of the Piedmontese army which has occupied Vercelli. The Austrians' at tack on Castcggio would favour the conclusion that they intend to defend vigorously the line be tween Pavia and Piacenza. On that point, indeed, the bulk of the two armies is collected. It 18 reported that General MacMahon has succeeded in throwing part of his corps tr armee on the left bank of the Po." A correspondent of the Siffle, writing from Turin under date of the 20th instant, gives some details of an incident which has been already briefly mentioned :—" The outposts of the enemy being on the left bank of the Po, opposite Valenza, I could plainly see from the right bank the movements of the troops. It was on this spot that one of our rifled batteries gave the soldiers of Francis Joseph a specimen of their skill. The Austrians had turned their field pieces upon a mill, and fired hundreds of shot during about six hours with very trifling effect. Our soldiers, who - were watching the firing, and judged every shot as disinterested spectators , came to the conclusion that the enemy's outposts had very indifferent artillery, and were but sorry gunners. When the Austrians had exhausted their ammunition in firing at this unfortunate mill, which is still standing, our men thought it high time to give them a lesson in the art of firing, and accord ingly placed six small cannon in battery. These guns, firing at a distance of 2,600 metres, were discharged five times, and the work was done, as of the palisades and fortifications constructed with so much labour by the enemy nothing but a heap of ruins remained. Our rifled guns had fully proved their destructive power. With such arms the effect is produced with almost mathematical certainty- The next day the Emperor came from Alessandria to Valenza to judge of the effect of the new artillery by personal inspection. He saw the destruction of Oil previous evening in all its triumphant reality, and remained for some time watching the movements of the enemy, who seemed to be preparing for retreat. The Emperor was received with enthusiasm on the part of the people, and an hour afterwards he re turned to Alessandria accompanied by two alder de-camp only. You may easily conceive that this little affair has further increased the confidence of both officers and soldiers." Count Ponza di San Martino, Royal Commis" sioner Extraordinary for the province of Genoa , has issued a proclamation, dated Genoa, 18th, t° the inhabitants of Massa and Carrara, announcing to them that the King of Sardinia has appointed him to the same post for those duchies. He further invites the people to obey their authorities, observ e the laws, and maintain public tranquillity , a nd adds that during the war no great reforms i n legislative matters can be effected, and that the energies of all must be directed against the common enemy. This proclamation is followed by a d ec ree, enacting that the laws and administration hitherto in foice in the duchies shall provisionally contiint). to be so, and that the p resen t functionaries shall remain in office. The taxes are provisionallY maintained, and a budget of receipts and expenses is to be prepared without delay. The troops are to be incorporated in the royal army; the present law of conscription is to cease , an d the law of Sardinia is introduced instead. The local custom s tariffs are abrogated, and those of Sardinia intro duced. Prince Napoleon has published .the following proclamation to-the Tuscans, dated - on board the Reine Hortense, at Leghorn, May 23 : " The Emperor sends me to your country at the demand of your representatives to support the war against your enemies, the oppressors of Italy. MY' mission is exclusively military—l am not to occupy myself, nor will I occupy myself, with your inter nal butorganisation.n oe mba ition, that Napoleon of a 111, has plisindeclaredhgthat he feels the triumph of the sacred cause of the emancipation of a people, and that he never would be influenced by family interests. He has declared that the sole object of France, satisfied with her power, is to have at her frontiers a friendly nation which will owe to her her regeneration. If the Almighty: protects us, and grants us the victory, Italy will constitute herself freely, and in taking her place. among nations she will consolidate the balance of power in Europe. Recollect that there is no sacri fice too great when independence is to be the price of your efforts, and demonstrate to the worl d by your union and by your moderation, as mu ch as by your energy, that you are worthy of being free. " The Prince commanding the sth Corps °f the Army of Italy, " NAPOLEON (JEROME)• " The plan of the campaign about to be under taken by Prince Napoleon is said to be to march through the Duchy of Modena, and thence either to Venice or to Milan, where he will the invasion Napoleon. It i s a ll ege d here that he invasion of Modena ca nno t b e cons idered as a vlo7_ lation of neutrality, i nasmuc h as the Duke of Modena has p ro t es t e d aga i nst th e e ntrance of t he French into It a ly. mee t the eto • • '.Q.4 ." , T CI, YM A *.! • .* • •O . : (. • 4 , • """A "4: 4 'Z.., , - en, - '4.44141011in: bit, OIT '77, ,,, N0ir , • , THE SUN. WEDNESDAY, MAY 25, 1859. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,--I am one of those who think the Bank of England should not have the power to increase the price of money accommodation at its will, but that the price of accommoda tion should, like other things in these free trade times, be left to find its own level, as nature's unrestricted banks of issue show no signs of being in difficulty, and pay the better the harder they are run on ; and believing that the recent panic in the money market was created from other causes than it would have been in the ordinary course of trade, even had the alleged treaty between France and Russia been a fact, perhaps a few observations relative to the in. crease of bullion in the world, and its effects, may be ad missible in your journal. In " Elements of Political Economy, by H. D. Macleod," 1858, the writer says :—" The present value of bills of ex change and promissory notes in Great Britain at this time is not less than £500,000,000, and the actual specie in the country is not supposed to exceed £70,000,000." Now if this statement be an approximation to the truth, the paper money of commerce exceeds the specie some seven times in amount ; while the actual value, as given by the Board of Trade, of all the merchandise both exported and imported in 1858 is only £280,410,000, or just half the amount of the paper money and specie in the kingdom, as stated by Mr. Macleod. As it is in this country, so also is it in other commercial countries, the paper money exceeds proportionably the amount of bullion. I do not, therefore, see, with the pre sent steady annual inci ease of golf and silver to the circu lation of the world, as some do, how the price of money accommodation can rise, either here or elsewhere, for if all Europe is borrowing specie for war purposes, so also will all Europe'he obliged to sp6nd thdt specie-i--it will not be eaten like a quarter of house-lamb and disappear for ever. It must turn up again somewhere speedily, even during war, minus, perhaps, a little that may be hoarded or buried. If countries at war spend their money unprofitably, other countries not at war will gain a large portion of it, and hard coin will still be plentiful in the world. Upwards of three centuries and a half have elapsed since the discovery of America ; and since that time it is stated that 2,000 millions sterling have been added to the gold and silver of the world, at the average rate of 51 millions annually up .to 1848, and that instead of 7 m illions, which was the average of 1848, the yield of the gold mines (in cluding Siberia and the Altai mountains) is now about £38,000,000, and the present annual produce of the silver mines £9,000,000, equal together to an annual increase of the circulating medium of £57,000,000. Should the minos hold out at this rate, of which there is every probability, for the next ten years, there will be added to the preSent amount of gold and silver in circulation £570,000,000 more ; and if we add the paper-money of commerce to this, at half the proportion as stated by Mr. Macleod, it would amount to 1,995 millions ; and where shall we find trade enough to absorb such an enormous increase to the means of commerce,, and keep up the rate of discount at even 2 per cent ?—Yours, sir, most obediently, COWRIE. THE PRIENDS TO BACK. (From Punch.,) Rise, rise, freemen and Englishmen, Why the deuce won't you support law and order ? Rise, rise, yeoman and citizen ; All the small Germans on frenzy close border. Austria's banner's spread O'er many a loggerhead, Many a thief with his fingers all gory; Rise, and get ready, then, Lovers and countrymen, Fight for the Kaiser and Pope's might and glory. Arm, arm, Britons, for tyranny, Freedom of conscience and thought that denies man ; Help, help, priestcraft and popery; Austria's patron is Cardinal Wiseman. Austria's party, note, Gut every papist's vote, Which way the cat will jump know by that omen, Then, if you've lost your wits, MIA for the Jesuits; Fight for the Empire that's called Holy Roman. Vote, vote, soldiers and subsidy, Mind to enslave and maintain superstition, Winking Madonnas, Concordats, and monkery, Pay Peter's pence to prop Rome's Inquisition. Austria's whip to crack Still upon woman's back, Englishmen aid ; and the Pope's domination, 1 - ?_roteOntio_ols,. sustain,, Bleeding 'from every vein; All at the cost of unbounded taxation I THE GREAT 0 LOBE.—Thefollowing distinguished persons have lately visited this exhibition :—Marquis of Kildare, and family ; Lord Alfred Paget, and family ; Lord and Lady Cochrane, and family ; Lord and Lady Ashley ; Lord Campbell, and daughter; colonel Ramsey and friends; Colonel Dixon, and party; Sir George Baker, and family; Countess of Harrington, and party ; Lady Willoughby d'Eresby ; Lady Ashburnham, and family; Lady Colehurst ; Lady 31'13°110-al ; Lady Bruce ; Lady Tuffnell, and party ; Mrs. Colonel Piper, and son. SwoRD FOR RIFLE CORPS.—The Messrs. Mappin, the well-known cutlers, of Sheffield, and King William street, London, have just completed a capital sword for the use of rifle corps. It is much lighter than an ordinary cut lass, but very strong, and double-edged. The length of the blade is 221 inches, and with the scabbard and handle 29 inches. ' It promises to be an admirably effective wea pon, whether offensive or defensive. THE ENGLISH CHURCH IN PARIS.—We under stand that the chuich in the Rue d'Aguesseau, Paris,which has been recently obtained from her Majesty's Government by the Colonial Church School Society, is to be opened for divine worship (Is Sunday next, the 29th inst., and• that two sermons will be preached by the Rev. Prebendary Burgess, who is commissioned by the Bishop of. London to officiate on the occasion. TIIE FISHMONGERS' COMPANY.—We understand that it is the intention of the Prime Warden and Court of Assistants of the Fishmongers' Company to give a ball in their noble hall en the 15th of June. - We are glad to see this company following the example of the Goldsmiths' Company, whose splendid evening entertainments have been so frequently noticed, and we hope that such a custom may become general among the leading companies of the City of London. . gERIOUS DEFALCITIONS.—A warrant has been issued by the Leeds borough magistrates for the apprehen sion of Mr. George Terry, tinner, tha Grand Master of the Grand United Order of Oddfellows. He is reported to have absconded, and his defalcations are said to amount to no less than £4,000. The money appears to have passed through his hands partly in his official character, but chiefly in con nection with a loan society belonging to the same order of Oddfellows. WINDBOUND.—The following notice has been issued Admiralty, May 24. Sir,—l am com manded by my Lords COmmissioners of the Admiralty . to state, for . the information of the committee for tnanaging the affairs of Lloyd's,' that orders have been sent to Devon port for her -Majesty's ship Curagoa to proceed to the Chops of the Channel to relieve the homeward-bound trade.—W. G, RO3l:tiNE. Captain G. A, Halsted, R.N., Secretary, Poyd'o," FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY. The Patric of this evening says the statement incorrect that France, in order to ensure the safety of Tuscan commerce, has taken under her protec tion the maritime flag of Tuscany. It is rumoured that France and England have resumed diplomatic relations with Naples. BOURSE, May 24.—The market has been steady , but with a moderate amount of business doirig• Threes, after having been done at 61fr. 35c., im proved to 61f. 70c., and are now 61f. GOc.; Mobilier varied from 590 f. to 600 f.; Austrian, 362 f. t o 3651.; Orleans, I,lBof. to 1,182 f. 50e. ; 1, 9 °11 , 8 : Northern h , e 8 82f. marketso continuedc to Eastern, 5798521 f.. 5° t ose. ; L o 97 steady to the close, when the following were 01° closing quotations : - - 44 per Cents. .... 89 -- Credit Foncier .. • • 65 :9 Do. end montk .. 89 Belgian 41, ....... 78 -- 3 per Cent 5..,.,,. 61 65 Piedmontess (5) • • 81 60 Do. end month.... 61 60 Roman .......... Bank Shares...... 2725 Austrian ........ Cr6clit Mobilier 597 50 Spanish Threes .. 36 si) Do. Account 597 50 Home Debt ...... Account . 1182 5 • 883 7 RAILWAYS. Cash. Orleans Northern New ditto 760 •• 7 80 --- Lyons and Mediterranean 778 75 .• .-- Geneva 460 440 --- Southern Western 445 ... 00 ...-- 500 .• 60 0 Eastern Sardinian 312 50 .. 30 ...... 5 Austrian mon e y' Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 71e. 9, f. 8710. 251.21 c.; three months, paper, M. 90c. ; money, 2t THE TYROL. A letter from Munich says :—" Tyrol, which 111" g been almost denuded of troops, is no w to be occupied by a corps of 40,000 men. These troops will advance from Bohemia, under Lieutenant Field-Marshal Clam-Gallas. The first division' 25,000 strong, is expected to pass throug h Munich next week. The remainder, including 5,000 cavalry will follow. This corpsd'annee has 80 field pieces. T. Austrians will be warmly received by the inha tants of this capital as they march through. It W ill be easy for these troops, if necessary, to advance from Tyrol and the Voralberg i n t o Italy, to rein' force the Austrian army actually engaged, or to take up a position upon the Upper Rhine. For t he latter purpose there is, however, a division, 80,000 strong, already stationed between Linz and Salz bur g , wh e el another corps of equal strength is being p repared in Gallicia, If we consider, that in addition to the 50,000 men sent some days back from Trieste to Venice and Upper Italy under Count Sehaffgotsche there were already 10 complete corps d'arnzee in Italy, which, together with the above-mentioned 50,000 new troops, make 500,000 fighting mep force considerably superior to the French —it Wu I