The Sun. — London, England, 1859-09-10 00:00:00

THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKE Lessee, Mr. J. B. Btickstone. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with ILA.LLOWE'EN. With THE CONTESTED ELECTION. After which, OUT OF SIGHT OUT OF MIND. Aid A. DAUGHTER. TO MARRY. Commence at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough THIS EVENING, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN EGGS. And TO PA LIEN I'S AND GUARDIANS. ♦fter which, TRYING IT ON. Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE LADY OF LYONS. Commence at 7 o'clock. CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.- EVERY EVENING. —The Music of Verdi's Opera of MACBETH (now first made public hr England at these Con- Sens), the extraordinary Violin Performances of the cele brated Infant DELEPIERRE FAMILY, and the usual Vocal Concert. Comic Vocalists—Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. Maclmey. Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 10. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 68—highest since noon yesterday. 65—lowest this morning and during the night. 68—this day at noon. BARomErmt-30.15. WIND, W. ; light, with fine weather. --- HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY. —Morning, 12h. 15m.—Afternoon, Ih. Ilm, To-Monuow-Morning, Llh. 30m.—Afternoon, lh. 47m, Somebody—was it not the late learned Doctor LARDNER of Encyclope3diac reputation ?—once des dared it to be no better than an idle day-dream to talk of steaming across the Atlantic. Somebody else—whose name, by the way, was legion—looked for years and years upon JAMES WATT as a visionary. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS used to be jeered at and hooted through the streets of Lisbon and Madrid, derided as the " mad Italian " by the very children. Mr. SMILES'S admirable Life of GEORGE STEPHENSON shows how that grand old patriarchal founder of the Railway World had to battle his way resolutely onward, through all kinds of derision and contumely, to the realisation of a project regarded by him from the first as feasible, but scouted by almost every one else as a delusion and an impossibility, until the rails were laid down upon peat-moss, and the locomotive was clat tering over them triumphantly. We have had a repetition of all this recently enough in regard to the Great Eastern steamship—the Leviathan, the Behemoth, the Mastadon of the Deep. What sneers have been directed against it since its commencement ! What croaking there has been in the way of evil predictions ! How sure the cynics were of its failure as something quite inevi table ! While it was yet in the great shipbuilder's yard at Deptford—was not the favourite name for it, with many, Brunel's Folly ? There was no end to the ridicule of some of the more splenetic Smell- funguses. And when it was begun to be launched —what a roar of scorn there was at the great en gineer whose genius had called the monster into existence, but who found some little difficulty in getting the said monster down, first of all, into its own element ! Because there was a hitch there— all the rest was forgotten, and Mr. BRUNEL was actually &tided by some as though he were really a sort of flagrant malefactor. All that extraordinary blending of daring and inge nuity by which he had contrived to con struct the mightiest sea-going vessel ever built since the Deluge—all that was forgotten. The one thing alone borne in rememberance was the cir cumstance that the ship was not precisely " up to time" in the launching. Immediately—it was pre dicted that there the Great Eastern would remain "high and dry," " stuck in the mud," rotting slowly away a gigantic memorial upon the rivers' bank of the wise-folly of a man whose only equal (in this attribute of " wise-folly") was to be found in the crack-brained philosopher mentioned in " Rasselas," who wanted to fly first to the top of a mountain, but who instead of that got nearly drowned in a lake. There was even a earicature7actually published, representing the (bleat Eastern as she might be supposed to appear a few centuries hence, when pencilled down in the sketch-book of Lord MACAULAY'S New Zealander. Scarcely had this absurd picture been lithographed, however, when, lo ! the Great [Eastern was there afloat upon the bosom of the Thames. A mere shell, however—said the depreciators of the pro ject—the empty hull of a bankrupt company. It was idle to talk any more about it—the thing was a failure—it would never come to good, it could never come to good. We were all to go down at our leisure, whenever we so pleased, and look at that great hull, and laugh at the foolhardiness that had built it and set it afloat. Suddenly, however, in steps Sir CUSSACK RONEY with one word of common sense —resolving into har mony the chaos of the financial part of the under taking. So far the result has been, as we all know —the new Company and the new ship going on to gether since then swimmingly. The Great Eastern that was never to be completed was completed. Equipments, masts, yards, sails, tackling, paddle wheels, screw-propeller, engines, coals, crew everything and everybody aboard. "0 ! but"— then said the cynics at their last gasp of incredulity she'll never get safely out of the river down into the deep water of the Channel." As we write this—comes to us, as in mockin answer to that preposterous prediction—comes to us, flashed along the telegraphic wire, this pithy S aid: laconic Telegram : " Portland, Saturday Morning. " The. Gfreat •Eastern anchored here at 9 50 a.m." Let us no more, then, of these absurd croakings of the venomous toad-prophets of Evil. FrOm first to last their every ill-prediction has been utterly falsified. Henceforth lot the cry be— Honour to BRUNEL 1 and GOD speed his grand floating masterpiece cc Full many a gem of purest ray serene, u the i v al e rs The dark u nfathomed caves of O cean But, who wo uld have thought un fathomed recesses o f the Peerage bore a that n suffragist—a grave , lo g ical, conscientious universal suffragist ? We may presume that few of Our readers overlooked a letter which appeared in The Sun of Tuesday, under the heading "Lord TEYN HAM and Reform ;" possibly some may have done so : their first impression might be that a letter from a peer on such a subject could only be a little dignified denunciation of " that person JOHN BRIGHT," and all the other utopists, char tists,. subversionaries, and " Americanizers of our institutions,' who are habitually associated with him: Nothing of the sort, however, would they have found. Lord TEYNHAM'S letter is the most complete, the best argued defence of universal suffrage within the compass of half a column of a newspaper, which we ever saw, or which probably exists anywhere. Whatever opinion any reader may hold on the subject he will, if an intelligent, . • M. 44. 4 c . 4 4- A " ... 00K . Mkt .7 5 , • - - ~.2 )R IT • " iuA DI FL' , f 0 • THE SUN. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1859. Candid, and, much more, if also a literary man, acknowledge that few political letters in these de generate days of verbiage will bear to be compared with it. The style and composition of the letter would do credit to any party ; and the Northern Reform Union, to whom it is addressed, will cer tainly distribute it by millions. They will see to it, that every elector at least has a copy. Some may repeat the old objection, that it is .00 abstract in its first statements especially ; yet what policy is there of any worth which does not start from some principle? This is indeed but the old stock objection which was blown to the winds by Free Trade, by Religious Liberty, by Negro and Roman Catholic Emancipation, and by every great onward movement. Representative Government, like every other policy, must have its starting point in some great abstract principle, to which assent cannot be refused ; and, to develop which is the business, and should be the aim of every intelligent and honest statesman. Who, then, can deny either the well-condensed facts, or the brief inference from them, of the following paragraph : "An unborn child in the United Kingdom is not only protected by its mother, it is surrounded by the shield of the law. Soon after its birth its existence is vouched for, . identity and its presumptive inheritance are cared for by the law of vaccination. And no sooner does it know right from wrong than it is required to be obedient to the government of the country. And, from the first, directly or indirectly, its sustenance, and many things which com bine to secure the welfare of its being, are taxed. Thus, the beginning of its life and of its ijiterest in the legislation of the Parliament are contemporaneous. Throughout its existence on earth that interest exists likewise without in termission, and after death the laws of the country protect the sacredness of its totib. " He whose whole life on earth is thus acted upon by Parliament is justly entitled to have a voice in choosing his own representative in that assembly." From the claim of every child born under our laws to representation, Lord TEYNHAM proceeds to the first limitation—age. " The Scriptures and our laws say the same thing; we, when we were children, were in bondage.' Thus a child is not qualified to become a voter. Let him become a man. The franchise will thus become the inheri tance of every male child ; but he will not enter on his inheritance till he becomes of age." Of course mere sneerers will say that here a great deal is assumed; that women and children too are en titled to the franchise, on Lord TEYNHAM'S starting principle. This, however, is mere banter ; un vorthy of serious refutation. A physical, intel lectual, real difference exists between immaturity and maturity ; we may truly say, also, between the sexes, which gives to the full-grown man the government of all. Divine and human laws, and the sentiments and usages of the most Christian and civilised states so distinctly acknowledge the difference, that we might well spare ourselves, as Lord TEYNHAM does, any notice of such quibbling feints. Suffice it to argue the " women's rights question" when British wives and daughters are dis satisfied with being represented by their husbands and fathers. But Lord TEYNHAM has another limitation, one which, as our readers may remem ber, has been frequently insisted on in this journal, as most desirable, if only a practicable one—the qualification of being able to read. This also is neatly stated— ,' We thus reach another point of concord. Universal suffrage reduced to practice is manhood suffrage. Would a man give his vote for a member of Parliament wisely he must exercise his mind on political subjects ; he must col lect accurate information upon them. Independently he should vote ; independently think. That he be not depen dent on others for • mere smattering of politics, he must be able to read, and thus to store up knowledge for himself. He who cannot read is not qualified to give a vote which he can know will be beneficial to himself and his country; he who can read, having within himself the mean of all knowledge is qualified to vote well. If I gain the assent, and I expect it unanimously, of reformers to this step, uni versal suffrage is practically that of every reading man. It will not be hard to persuade the man who cannot read that he should leave the suffrage to him that can, even as the blind man is willing to be led." His lordship hopes that such reform as he seeks would be in many ways beneficial to the country, and especially that it would tend to make every youth desirous to enter on manhood as a man capa ble of reading. We know too well the practical difficulties which would be at once suggested, and which would doubtless to some extent exist ; we shall be asked (as we have been before) what mea sure of fluency in reading should be accepted as a qualification. And we should again reply, two or three fair jurymen on each side, in the Revising Barristers' Courts, could decide the question always with practical ease and fairness. Given, the prin ciple of such a suffrage, and we would answer for giving effect to it. Our educational standard has, however, always been somewhat higher : we would add writing. It would afford one great aid towards detection of personification if each elector signed the registration list. It might be taken to him by the overseers. And on the day of voting, if required to sign again, the comparison of the returning officer's previously signed private copy with the signature of the voter would be an almost certain detector of fraud. We need not re mark on the value of the habit of writing, as well as of reading, as a qualification. Lord TEYNHAM concludes, however, with some well-stated reasoning against exacting a higher qualification than what is just sufficient. The dif ference, he remarks, is overlooked between being qualified and being better qualified. We have in legislation to do only with simple qualification, and must resolutely reject all gradations. A reading man has the qualification to know all that is desir able for an elector. We have no more right to require that he should have higher qualifications than to require that a man should be more than barely compos mentis to enjoy his paternal in heritance. If a return were moved for of Lord TEYNHAM'S letter, in the House of Lords, it might be of more value to their lordships than half the papers which are thus placed in their hands. Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Marie of Russia, accompanied by Madame de Malzoff and M. Manowsay, have left Claridge's Hotel for Torquay. The Marquis and Marchioness of Headfort have left Claridge's Hotel for Paris. The Earl and Countess of Cork have left Marston for Pencarrow, Cornwall, on a visit to Lady Molesworth. Viscount and Viscountess Doneraile have arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Doneraile, Ireland. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge arrived yesterday evening from Calais by the Royal Mail Packet Campany's boat Prince Frederick William, J. Pit tock, commander. His Royal Highness was received on landing by General Crawford and Major Barnard. His Royal Highness left for London by the 9.30 p.m. train. DEATH OF LORD JAMES STUART.—We have to record the death of Lord James Stuart, M.P. for the county of Ayr. His death was somewhat unexpected, as .he was present at Ayr races last week, apparently in the enjoy ment of good health. He died on Wednesday at Dumfries House, Ayrshire, one of the family seats of the Marquis of Bute, to whose titles and estates his lordship was heir-pre sumptive, being the uncle of the present marquis, who is a minor. He sat for Cardiff from 1818 to 1820, and from 1826 to 1832 ; sat for the county of Bute from 1820 to 1826 ; was an unsuccessful candidate for Perth city in 1832 ; re presented the Ayr district from 1834 to July, 1852 ; and was first returned for Ayrshire in 1857. He was a Liberal in politics, an d vo t e d f or t h e b a ll o t an d f ur s h or t Parlia neolnt: as H co ili ns d el ea u t e h iatly will of course occasion a vacancy in the representation of Ay rs hi re . Hi s l or d s hip was born in 1794, n in the 65th year of his age. : DEATH OF SIR WILLIAM NORRIS.—We have to record the death of Sir W. Norris, late Recorder of Penang. He was admitted to the bar by s ' the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple in 1827, and t: h o h yearster;vards proceeded in India, where he practised ice considerable of fce s l u e e n ces i s le . vie h r i „ 1835 he was appointed Chief Justine puisne iudge there. Ceylon, death todi acted as a nesday, at Ashurst Lodge, near Sunningdale, in his 66th year, ponrevlivouAly LORD STANLEY, M.P., AND HIS CONSTITUENTS. w e ard about 50 interest ing—Lord Stanley, 11 , 1. P., who recently presented £5OO to the library named after him has liii t il , 's Lynn, and liberally en dowed by him in 18 5 , li noble lord.has not acted e and to ire as people generally do in r he volumes to the instiltustii,:uns. forwarded presenting odd volumes which has never cared to read himself, but his donation comprises standard and really valuable works. THI SUN,' LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 'lO, 1859. THE GREAT EASTERN. DREADFUL ACCIDENT. (THIS DAY.) (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) PORTLAND, SATURDAY, 10 A.M. The Great Eastern has just anchored. On the passage from the Nore, off Hastings, at six p.m., a terrific explosion occurred in the funnel casing of the forward boilers ; the fittings of the grand saloon and lower deck cabins were blown to pieces ; thirteen firemen and stokers were scalded or burnt, two are since dead, one jumped overboard, and was drowned. Five are not ex- pected to recover. By an almost miraculous interposition, no pas senger was injured. The names of the men killed are John Boyd, Millwall, fireman; Michael Mahone, Liverpool, ditto (jumped overboard); Edward Patrick Gormon. Those severely hurt are Michael Mulroy, E. Ed wards, J. Yoxon, Liverpool ; R. Adams, Rother hithe ; William Sparks, Mile-end; and William Kil, Peebles. The slightly injured is William Bristow Ra.wlinson. The ship and machinery with the exception o: ;he burst fun nel are all right. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) HASTINGS, SEPT. 9. It has been stormy here during the night, and increased during the morning, blowing hard from the south-west, with a strong spring tide rolling on and along the coast. The morning was fine, the sun shining brightly, but there were signs of foul weather, and by noon showers of rain began to fall, which soon cleared the beach of ladies, nurses, children, and brave gentlemen. A dense and far spreading cloud appeared in the south-west, and gradually covered the horizon. Presently the rain increased, and all was murky darkness and dirty weather. " It's an ugly look-out for the Great Eastern to-day," said an old tar, as he en deavoured to scan to seaward. Still hopes were entertained—for the rain ceased, the wind moderated, and the sun burst forth towards the afternoon. People were on the look-out on the heights and along shore—looking out in vain. Some thought she would not leave the Downs, it being so late in the day, and expectation began to subside. Still a sharp look-out was kept up ; when suddenly a rumour ran, " She's coming ! she's coming ! where ? when ?" and curiosity was on tiptoe to get a glimpse of " the great stranger." It was now about six o'clock, and something " doubtful" was discerned looming in the distant haze in the offing, south-easterly. Telescopes and wondering eyes strained and strained till vision almost grew dim with eagerness. "It is she ! it is she !" exclaimed one more fortunate than the rest— and soon the Great Eastern emerged out of the haze, just under the rising moon, which loomed above the horizon. Presently the ship, which was about eight miles off, veered in shore at an angle of 45 degrees, and soon made herself manifest to the naked eye in all her stately magnificence. She altered her course and steamed broadside on, at a rate apparently of some 15 knots. Her hull was high above the water, and on she steamed majesti cally in her course. Her masts were distinctly visible, and counted over and over again by the delighted and wondering gazers. She worked the screw only, and little or no smoke appeared ; but such was the quiet speed with which she moved that, though the foam dashed from her bows, there was no motion discernible save her going a-head. No rolling nor pitching, though there must have been a heavy swell from the gale that blew so strongly during the day, and the flood tide was then rolling on, with the wind right a-head. She proceeded steadily down channel, and soon vanished in the distance. HASTINGS, SATURDAY MORNING. The Great Eastern hove to and anchored off this place at seven o'clock last evening. This mornjng at daybreak she weighed anchor, and proceeded to the westward. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, SATURDAY MORNING. Capt. Higginson, of the Foyle steamer, arrived here from Dublin for London, reports having passed the Great Eastern at 5 o'clock this morning off the Isle of Wight under steam and canvas. ST. CATHERINE'S, ISLE OF WIGHT, SATURDAY MORNING. The Great Eastern passed this station on her way up channel at five o'clock this morning. PORTLAND, SATURDAY MORNING The Great Eastern anchored here at 9.50 a.m. ANOTHER ACCOUNT. WEYMOUTH, SATURDAY MORNING I mentioned in the letter I addressed to you from the Nore that, in consequence of the wind blowing something more than fresh, most of the ladies on board, and some of -the gentlemen too, notwith standing that the size and power of the vessel ought to have given them a little more confidence in her seaworthiness, began to feel uneasy at their position until they saw, such is the force of example, a mere cockle-shell living in the surf. The adventurous gentlemen I have already mentioned having left us, the vessel's head was about eight a.m. turned southwards, and, with both screw and paddles at work, we left the Nore for Portland. I took care to plant myself close by the first officer, of whose kindness in affording me the infor mation I required I must speak in the highest terms of praise. Shortly after we weighed anchor the sky thickened, and the slightest portion of weather wis dom would have told any one that a heavy shower was in store for us ; and down it came, not rattling on the deck, but something very like a Scotch mist, with a little animation imparted to it, driving all but the officers of the ship off the deck, and com pelling them to seek the friendly shelter of the saloons and cabins. Such was the state of the weather as we steamed past the Isle of Sheppey towards Broadstairs, Ramsgate, and Margate, at some 12 miles' distance from shore, the hateful presence of the Goodwins preventing us from stand ing more inshore to give the inhabitants and the sojourners at those watering-places an opportunity of witnessing the manner in which the vessel cleared her way through the waves, for, instead of riding upon them, she absolutely cut them in twain. By the time we had passed Dover and Folkestone the weather cleared up. We came in view of Beachy Head, and the rest of the day was just that descrip tion of weather which an epicurean in yachting might well covet ; just such weather as the sailors had a right to expect, as one of them informed me from the " mackerel " sky on Wednesday night. If the towns upon the Kentish coast had reason to complain that the course of the vessel lay too much out to sea, the people of Hastings, Newhaven, Brighton, Hove, Bognor, and the other towns upon the Sussex coast could not similarly com plain, for unless the improved state of the weather interfered with my power of judging of distance at sea—a task which, in the hands of even the most experienced, is beset with difficulty—l should say that the distance between us and them was consi derably smaller than that which separated us from the good people of Margate ; for, as we required telescopes to see them, it may naturally be con cluded that their vision had to be similarly assisted to enable them to see us. Such, however, was not the case in regard to either Hastings or Brighton, for we could distinctly see the crowds that were• assembled on the beach at both one and the other of those places. Turning Selsa point, we passed _the Isle of Wight and the Needles the vessel going in perfect obedience to her helm, smoothly and without scarcely a vibration, except perhaps at the stern, immediately over the screw. Having passed Bournemouth and Swanage, we turned St. Alban's Head, and saw Portland Bill, the end of our first voyage, before us, where we arrived at about ten o'clock this morning, pleased and gratified with the trip. The weather has been magnificent, and the appearance of the sea by moon: light was sublime. The people of Weymouth are highly compli mented to think that the Great Eastern should honour them with her first state visit, and there are, we hear, great preparations afoot, as a demon stration of their gratification, to take place either to-night or to-morrow morning. At present, the paddle-wheels only dip into the water, so that they have scarcely half purchase ; but even with that drawback there were times when we made fully 17 knots an hour. Her average speed throughout the voyage cannot, I think, have been less than 15. LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : ZURICH, SEPT. 10. On Wednesday and Thursday there were no conferences of the plenipotentiaries. Yesterday the Sardinian plenipotentiaries held a conference with M. de Bourqueney, lasting two hours. VIENNA, SEPT. 10. The official portion of the Wiener Zeitung of this day contains an Imperial decree for the regulation of the Protestant churches in Hungary—the Wog wodxhaft, Croatia, and Slavonia, and the military boundary district (militairgrenze). The non-official part of the same paper contains an article promising that great concessions will be n ade to the Protestants of all other provinces. A Protestant member has already been elected to the consistory of Vienna. Baron Bach, formerly Minister of the Interior, and lately appointed ambassador to Rome, is about to leave for that city. TRIESTE, SEPT. 9. The French transport Mayence brought, yester day, 499 Avstrian prisoners from Algeria. The Austrian Lloyd's steamer has arrived with advices from Constantinople to the 3d inst. Reinforcements of troops have been sent to Crete. Several arrests have taken place. A secret understanding has been discovered among the Cretan refugees in Greece. The principal Greek inhabitants of Crete have forwarded a memorial to the Porte to justify themselves. News from Erze roum state that a large fire had broken out, and the town had been visited again by repeated earth quake shocks. The telegraph to Smyrna is opened. The Russian Steam Navigation Company has announced that it is ready to receive all freights for Kutais, Tiflis, Erivan, and Tabris. MUNICH, SEPT. 9. The Papal Nuncio, Prince Chigi, has been sum moned by telegraph to Rome to be present at the council, which has under its consideration certain important administrative reforms. His return is uncertain. TURIN, SEPT. 9. A deputation, consisting of the Marquis Lagatico, Chevalier Peruzzi, and Professor Matteucci, will leave very shortly for Paris on a mission from the Tuscan Government. Professor Matteucci left Turin to-day for Paris, where he will meet his other colleagues. PARMA, SEPT. 9 In the sitting of the National Assembly to-day a discussion took place on the address to be for warded to the Emperor Napoleon 111. Proposals have been made by several members to confirm the present executive powers of the Dictator Farini, and to declare the decheance of the Bourbon dynasty. The vote on the above two questions wlil take place to-morrow. MARSEILLES, SEPT. 9. The Duke and Duchess of Malakoff embarked here this morning for Alicante and Madrid. Advices have been received stating that the military authorities of Algeria had taken measures of precaution against the eventualities of any dis turbances or hostilities taking place in Morocco. ROME, SEPT. 6 (via MARSEILLES The Pope has been attacked with fever, and in consequence has suspended all audiences for seve ral days. He is now recovering, and will leave in a few days for Castel Gondolfo. NAPLES, SEPT. 6 (via MARSEILLES). Rumours of changes in the Ministry still con• nue. PARIS, FRIDAY. The Conference on the Danubian Principalities will meet again in a few days, its work not being quite completed yet. The King of the Belgians will arrive at Biarritz about the 14th instant, where he will remain some days. VIENNA, FRIDAY. The statement that the Russian Ambassador at this Court had delivered to the Austrian Cabinet a note from his Government, recommending Austria to seek counsel of the Great Powers in the settle ment of the affairs of Italy, is erroneous. FRANCE AND ITALY. The iifoniteur publishes an article of which the following is a translation : " When facts speak for themselves it appears at the first blush needless to explain them. Never theless, when passion or intrigue disfigure the most simple things, it becomes indispensable to put them in their proper light, so that every man may form a correct idea of currentevents. " In July last, when the Franco-Sardinian and Austrian armies were face to face between the Adige and the Mincio, the chances were fairly balanced on either side ; for if the Franco-Sardinian army had the moral influence of success obtained on its side, the Austrian army was numerically stronger, and relied, not only upon formidable for tresses, but upon all Germany, ready, at the first signal, to come to her assistance. Had such an event taken place the Emperor Napoleon would have been obliged to withdraw his troops from the banks of the Adige to place them on the Rhine, and then the Italian cause for which the war was under taken would have become, if not a dead letter, at least gravely compromised. " Under those grave circumstances the Emperor thought that it would be advantageous for France in the first place, and then for Italy, to conclude peace, provided that the conditions were conform able to the programme which he had drawn up, and useful to the cause he wished to serve. " The first point was to ascertain whether Aus tria would cede by treaty the conquered territory ; the second, whether she would frankly abandon the supremacy which she had acquired throughout the whole Italian peninsula; whether she would recog nise the principle of an Italian nationality by ad mitting a federative system ; whether, finally, she would consent to grant to Venetia institutions which would make it a real Italian province. " As regards the first point, the Emperor of Austria ceded the conquered territory without hesi tation ; and, as regarded the second, he promised the most large concessions to Venetia, admitting for its future organisation the same position as Luxem burg holds towards the German Confederation ; but to these concessions he made the condition sine qua non of the restoration of the Archdukes to their States. " Thus, the question was clearly put at Villa franca--either the Etnperor had to stipulate nothing for Venetia and to confine himself to the advantages tcquired by his arms, or else, to obtain important concessions and the admission of the principle of nationality, he had to give his adhesion to the return of the Archdukes. Common sense, therefore, traced his line of conduct, for there was no question of re storing the Archdukes by foreign troops, bMt, on the contrary, of restoring them with sure guaran tees, by the free will of the populations, to whom it would be explained how much such restoration )uld be in the real interest of Italy. " This is, in a few words, the tine statement of the negotiations at Villafranca, and every impartial man will admit that the Emperor Napoleon obtained, by the treaty of peace, as much, and perhaps more, than he obtained by force of arms. " And it must also be admitted that it was not without a feeling of deep sympathy that the Em peror Napoleon beheld the frank and determined manner with which the Emperor Francis Joseph, in the interest of the peace of Europe, and with the desire to establish good relations with France, not only gave up one of his richest provinces, but relin quished the perhaps dangerous policy, yet not wanting in glory, which had given to Austria the domination of Italy. _ _ " In fact, if the Treaty was sincerely carried out, Austria was no longer, for the Italian Peninsula, that inimical and dreaded Power, opposed to all national aspirations, from Parma to Rume, and from Florence to Naples ; on the contrary, she be came a friendly Power, because she consented to be no longer a German Power on that side of the Alps, and to develope her Italian nationality to the shores of the Adriatic. " After the above, it will be easily understood that if, after the peace, the destinies of Italy had been entrusted to men more bent upon the future welfare of their common country than upon small partial successes, the object of their efforts would have been to develope,and not to obstruct, the con sequences of the Treaty of Villafranca. What, in fact, could have been more simple and patriotic than to have said to Austria, You wish the restoration of the Archdukes.' Well, let it be so ! but then you will fulfil your promises to Venetia, she will be granted a free existence, an Italian Government and army. In other words, the Emperor of Austria would on the other side of the Alps be simply Grand Duke of Venetia, as the King of Holland is Grand Duke of Luxemburg. " It is even possible that frank and friendly negotiations might have induced the Emperor of Austria to adopt measures more in harmony with the wishes expressed by the Duchies of Modena and Parma. " The Emperor Napoleon, after what had taken place, ought to have been able to rely upon the common sense and patriotism of Italy, and to be lieve that it would understand the mainsprings of his policy expressed in the following sentences : " ' Instead of risking an European war, and consequently the independence of his country—in stead of spending an additional 300,000,000 and shedding the blood of 50,000 men, the Emperor Napoleon accepted a peace which, for the first time since centuries, sanctions the nationality of Italy. Piedmont, which more essentially represents the Italian cause, finds her power considerably in creased, and, if the confederation is established, she will take the principal part ; but one single condition is put to all these advantages—it is the restoration of the ancient Sovereign houses to their States. " This language, we still believe, will be under stood by the healthy part of the nation, for with out it what will happen ? The French Govern• ment has already declared it ; the Archdukes will not be reinstated in their States by foreign arms, but, one portion of the Treaty of Villafranca not having been fulfilled, the Emperor, of Austria will hold himself free of all engagements as regards Venetia. Alarmed by hostile demonstrations on the right bank of the Po, he will keep up a war footing on the e left bank, and, instead of a policy of conciliation and peace, we shall witness a renewal of a policy of mistrust and hatred which will lead to new troubles and to new disasters. " Much hope is entertained from a European Congress; we invoke it ourselves with all our heart, but we doubt whether a Congress will ob tain better conditions for Italy. A Congress will only ask for what is just; and would it be just to ask for important concessions from a great Power without offering it equitable compensation in re turn ? The only resource would be war. But let not Italy be deceived. There is but one Power in Europe that wages war for an idea; that Power is France, and France has accomplished her task." The 7inzes' Paris correspondent (Second Edition says : " The article in to-day's MOniteur is the engross ing topic of conversation and comment. The effect in public is unfavourable ; and future complica tions, again menacing to the peace of Europe, are generally anticipated. The article came last night direct from St. Sauveur to the Moniteur, and in the well-known handwriting employed on these occasions. It did not pass through the channel of the Foreign-office. Not only was it thought superfluous to submit it to M. IValewski before publication, but it was not deemed worth while to inform him of the fact, and the first information the Minister for Foreign Affairs had of this new view of the Italian question was from the official columns at the same time as every tailor and hairdresser in Paris. "In this document we have once more the proof that the Emperor had not carefully considered all the difficulties, nor taken a sufficient view of the complications which would attend a struggle against Austria. It is not very flattering or consoling to be told that so much blood and treasure have been spent by France in obtaining results admitted to be comparatively so limited. The Italians, as well as the French, may reply that it was not when he was in the midst of the difficulties mentioned in this document that it should have first occurred to the Emperor that all Germany would, on the first signal, come to the aid of Austria ; and that the four great fortresses which arrested the French armies were not built merely since the war broke out, or bad lain unknown and unsuspected up to that period. "The Moniteur says that common sense required the acceptance of the conditions of Villafranca ; that is, the promised reforms for Venetia, and the recognition of the principle of nationality, on con dition of the restoration of the Grand Dukes. But had common sense' nothing to do with the Milan proclamation, when Italy was to be free ' from the Alps to the Adriatic ?' The fact is, that this sweep ing liberation from mountain to sea, so magnifi cently announced, was given up because the Em peror was, notwithstanding his victories, getting a little out of his depth, and encountering obstacles not easily overcome, but which a man of less judg ment mid foresight than he is reported to be should have taken into his calculations and provided against. " The Moniteur says, that to every impartial mind it is evident that the Emperor Napoleon ob tained by the treaty of peace as much, and it may be more, than he had won by his arms.' lam not sure that the Italians, who have some interest in the question, will assent to this. Lombardy is a conluest worth something ; it is a material gua rantee, which we take for granted the Lombards themselves willingly accepted, and with which there is no doubt the Piedmontese are very well satisfied. And looking at this solid acquisition we may doubt whether it is so very valueless in comparison with vague assurances of reforms in Venetia, and the promise of the diminution of Austrian influence in Central Italy, proved, I suppose, by Austria insist ing on the restoration of her devoted agents in Tuscany and Modena. Th e prominent men of Central Italy, who, perhaps, think themselves quite as good Italians and as good patriots as the cosmopolitan legitimist M. Poniatowski, will not feel greatly flattered at the allusion made to them in the St. Sauvear conununique "' It is easy to understand that if, after peace, the destinies of Italy had been entrusted men more occupied with the future wel fare o t f t _ their e d th t e common country than with partial succe_veesphses2oe scope of their efforts would have been o and not to obstruct, the consequen ces of the Treaty ' d of Villafranca, &c.' " merit' O On e t p h r i o s a t c h h eeltalitiansfor m h i gahvt observe i ng s t e o r o v e i m that, plc i i t f l y they ac cepted the declaration of theplrtoaglry, an a i n in d e . baobroeuatdeixly polling every Austrian from responded to the call from their liberator to rise in arms and aid him. The fate of Venice now., it appears, depends on the sacrifice of Tuscany and Modena. Austria will premise certain reforms in the administration of Venetia, and thus show that she means not to meddle any more in Italian poli tics, on the simple condition that these States shall again receive the yoke of her devoted Lieutenants. This is a question for the Tuscans and MD to decide. - " If one may judge by the closing paragraph there is but iittle chance of a Congress. ' A Con gress,' says the 111oniteur, `would only demand what is just, and you cannot ask a great Power to make important concessions without offering equit able compensations in return. The only means would be war; but let Italy not deceive herself,r there is but one Power in Europe that makes wa for an idea—it is France ; and France has accom- plished her task.' " This, indeed, is as true a s if the chief of his Majesty's Cabinet himself said it. The war in Italy was for an idea ;' and, so far as the interesting captive that was to be set free is concerned, the results promise to be ideal enough. But the impor tant question now is, what will all this lead to ? If Central Italy persists in refus in g to take back from the Austrian camp the fugitive Dukes, will Austria consider herself released from her Villafranca stipu lations ? And if so, will she in her turn insist upon Lombardy being restored to her, an d take up arms to enforce her demand ? If P iedmont be attacked, will the Emperor of the French send another army to her aid ? Or will he assist No" tria in maintaining the stipulations of Villafranca ? "It is clear that his Majesty is dissatisfied with the Tuscans, Modenese, and Parmesans, as well as with the Piedmontese ; and that not much love seems to be lost between them. From the friendly and even kind tone in which Austria is spoken of in the St. Sauveur article, we may inf er that the distance between Austria and France is rapidly diminishing ; that a rapproch ement is cer tain ; that the proposed interview between the Emperors has not been absolutely rejected; and that an Austro-French alliance is not so impro bable after all. BOURSE, Sept. 9.—The market was heavy at the opening, but afterwards rallied. Threes, after having been done at 68f. 65c. to 68f. 50c., declined to 68f. 30c., and have now rallied to 68f. 60c. Mc" bilier varied from 807 f. to 807 f. 50c. ; Austrian, 547 f. 50c. to 550 f. ; Lombard, 552 f. 50c. to 55 31 75e. ; Orleans, 1,362 f. 50c. to 1,366 f. 25c. ; Lyons, 865 f. to 868 f. 75c. ; Southern, 500 f. to 505 f. the following were the last quotations :- 14 per Cents. 94 75 Credit Foncier.... Do. end month 95 I Belgian 4f ...... 3 per Cents 6B 55 Piedmonteso (5) 85 50 Do. end month 6B 60 Roman B6 7 6 Bank Shares 2780 Austrian Credit Mobi:er .. 805 Spanish Threes 47 Do. Account BOB 75 Home Debt ...... "rni - RAILWAYS. Cash. Amou nt Orleans "'- Northern . - New ditto BO5 8 0, Lyons and Mediterranean 867 522 6 5 0 0 85 62 5 Geneva Southern Western 575 • 572 Eastern Sardinian 412 50 .. Austrian Lombard - Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 121 e. ; °J . L,„, e3r9 25f 10c.; three months, paper, 24f. 971 c.; money, 241. GREECE. Letters from Athens, of 2d inst., state that pre parations are now being made for a general election in Greece. The King has published a proclamat ion, in which for the first time it is laid dow n as a prin ciple that the Government has a right to suggest the names of deputies to be elected, The people are displeased at seeing the authorities o ppose, ill several cases, men who had loudly declared in favour of Italian independence, and among thew General Colicotrini, one of the most influential men in the Peloponnesus. The King of Greece had laid with some ceremony the first stone of s palace for the Greek Academy , which Baron Si"' the wealthy Greek banker at Vienna, has under taken to build at his own cost. The King, on fixing the stone, expressed his pleasure at the, task de volving on him, his gratitude to Baron Sina,'and his hope that the Academy would be able to revive the ancient scientific glory o Greece. M. de Mon therot, the French minister f , had left Athens, to proceed to his new post at Baden. BELGRADE. Belgradeanncoonudition that they announces the release of theA imprisoned from senators, on es that may be strhiablulnaalpspteoara,nswwheernansyumcmhaornged, before the loc al pre ferred against them. The Circassian deputation which has been expected for some time arrived- a few days ago, with addresses from all the chiefs of the Caucusus for the Porte and the English, French , and Austrian ambassadors. In consequence of reiterated complaints, the bishop of Poleanis (Macedonia) has been removed from his office. The greater part of the population of that country being Bulgarians, they requested that their bishop and priests should be tbeir coun try-men, stating that if this was not granted them they would apply to Rome. The ne posed bishop, who is besides accused d innumerable abuses, had chosen to comply with th e orders issued by the propaganda of Macedonia it Athens in their 719th circular, to all the bsshops Macedonia and Thessaly, to the effect that non e but their own teachers—who were to give a gra tuitous education—should be received in th e schools for the propagation of philhellenic jai"' The population of Poleanis have refused to recall' . these teachers, and assert the privilege of appoint ing themselves Bulgarian teachers andecclesiastics• SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the sth state that the Spanish Cabinet has replied to the note of the English Government on the subject of the con' centration of troops at Algesiras. The replyis represented to be drawn up terms, but to say with great firmness that , as Algesiras is in Spanish territory, no (Weill ment has the right to ask why troops are c °11 " centrated there, and that it would have been discreet not to have put the cluestion. Dle Cer ‘ . in theless, it says that Spain has numerous to avenge upon the Moors, and that it is for that, in courteous purpose that the troops have been collected. -1.1 adds that Spain, strong in her right, will not allow herself to be checked in her project by any eel,: barrassment which may be created. The jourp,n state that the troops at Algesiras are to be div f laeu• -4. not affair with Morocco assuming gravity, it :7', not into three brigades, arid that in the event o the unlikely that 40 provincial battalionriL will pro" armed ; they say, too, that General Prim _ p ont bhbly be authorised to raise a free corps of fr 6,000 to 8,000 Catalonians. WONDERS OF THE AGE. Two of the greatest Ivonders of our day were exhibited on the Thames and its banks during the last week. First—that of a ship exceeding an eighth of a mile in length, and of a far greater tonnage than any heretofore known, having been floated from its moorings off Greenwich, and rounding with great difficulty, from its extreme length, the sharp angle between Greenwich and Woolwich, on its Way to the sea. The second—that of Perkins's wonderful steam gun, which discharged showers of balls with an unprecedented rapidity, having been superseded by gunpowder gas. While the Great Eastern was wending her w ay down the river onThiirsday last, the inhabitants and workmen employed at the different factories on the banks of the river at East Green wich were alarmed by a report of musketry, and attracted towards some buildings recently erected on the property of Sir John Scott Lillie, where this wonderful machine, the invention of that gallant officer, was undergoing inspection by a special corn mittee of Ordnance officers; and where, we are in- formed by a member of one of our universities, who was present, the effect produced surpassed even that of the steam gun, as one man was enabled to discharge, by turning a valve, 120 bullets per minute, for an unlimited period of time, through rifled barrels—whereas, with the steam gun, such rapidity of firing could only be maintained for a very few minutes, several hours being required to generate the high pressure steam of 600 to 800 lbs. in the square inch, necessary for recommencing such rapidity of firing. This steam engine, with its ponderous boiler, was, moreover, stationary and unfit for general warfare—whereas the gunpowder gas machine is as easily transported as field ord nance. Further details are withheld for reasons easily appreciated. TILE CASE OF DR. SMET.HU.RST. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sin,—We, the undersigned, being 11 of the jurymen empanelled before the coroner at Richmond to inquire into the cause of the death of Isabella Bankes, take the liberty of stating in reply to a paragraph which appeared in some of the daily and weekly papers, that the whole of the jury had agreed to a memorial for a remission of the sentence of Dr. Smethurst, that such a statement is entirely false, and without our knowledge, and that we still adhere to the de cision we came to, believing it to be strictly in accordance with the evidence adduced. FRANCIS BREWER. GEORGE TRUSSLER. WILLIAM YATES. JOHN ERNEST CHITTY. HENRY MILES. WILLIAM SANDERS. BENJ. CHS. BELL. ALFRED BARBER. ROBT. WOOD. THOMAS HILL. THOS. MEADOWS CLARKE. Richmond, Sept. 7. FRAUD UPON PAWNBROKERS. - At the Maryle bone Police-court a well-dressed young man, who gave his name Richard William Barlow, describing himself as a medical student, and who refused at the station-house to give his address, was charged with having, by a false and fraudulent representation, endeavoured to obtain £lOO from Mr. Reeve, a pawnbroker, carrying on business at 14, Chapel-street, Edgeware-road. The prisoner produced a bar of metal, which he said was gold, and requested a loan of £lOO upon it. The pawnbroker, after cutting it in two, discovered it was composed principally of platina. Remanded. _ . THE GREAT EASTERN.—The Great Eastern w certainly be the most complete vessel ever sent to sea. No only has every valuable improvement been adopted in the building of the ship, machinery, rigging, &c., but no expense has been spared to add to the health, comfort, and conveni ence of the passengers and crew. Among other great im provements Stevens's Patent Bread-Making Machine has been fitted up in the kitchen, so that new bread of the best quality can be supplied to every one on board, a boonwhich can be best appreciated by those who have hitherto been compelled to take long voyages. Millen her Majesty was leaving Edinburgh last week for the north, she entered the royal railway carriage in presence of the Duke of Buccleuch and a small circle of spectators. Her Majesty immediately commenced to ar range the interior, and forthwith appeared at the carriage door, and with her own royal hands held out a heavy chair, which she intimated was one too many. This little trait re cals to mind the anecdote of the Princess Frederic William, who, on being very delicately . and sagely appri se d th a t it was not usual for Prussian Princesses to hand chairs, re plied with great sweetness, "My mother, the Queen of England, hands chairs for herself and her children too." As may be supposed, the question of etiquette was settled at once.—Xorth Briton. A RARE HIGHLAND GATHERING.—The proceed ings at the meeting of the British Association at Aberdeen next week are, we understand, to be rendered more than usua lly interesting from the circumstance that her Majesty the Queen and his Royal Highness the Prince Consort have most liberally and thoughtfully given instructions that pre iasriat o t i r ( s )n t s o b t e h e made t f i n o r g 2 e 0 n O o o f y n h g e m h o o li s d t a distinguished v o a tf the close of the sittings, and lunching together at Balmoral h Castle, , e o d n in theThursday,ine a the ll r 2 o 2 o d m i n e s f t . the L u c n a c s h t 1 , e w , e an bl delwieivlle, pmitiel bably take place abo ut 2 o ' cl ock. Balmoral is 50 miles from Aberdeen, and 18 m iles of the distance can be accom plished by railway. T his wi ll be a Hig hland g atherin g worth speaking about. SHORT HORNS FOR AUSTRALIA.—The short horned bull Druid, shown by Viscount Hill at the Liver pool and Manchester Agricultural Society's exhibition, to which the first prize of £lO was awarded, has been pur chased by Mr. Lindsay, of Sydney, for Mr. Lester, " squatter," of Moreton. Bay. A high price was given for this superb animal, which is three years and eight months old, though the exact sum g iv en has not been me ntioned. The breeder is Mr. Edwd. Bate, of Kelsterton, near Flint. NEW WESTMINSTER BRlDGE.—Yesterday the removal of the facings of the piers of the old brigde on the lower or eastern side was being proceeded with preparatory to the demolition of the entire structure. Great progress has been made within the last few weeks in the construction of the upper section of the new bridge ; all the arches, with the exception of that next the Middlesex shore, have been turned, and a great portion of the permanent way has been laid down. It is now confidently anticipated that the first half of the new bridge will be ready to open for public traffic early in the spring of the ensuing year, when the old bridge will be at once removed and the construction of the other Portion of the new bridge proceeded with. TIIE EDINBURGH ANNUITY-TAX ARRESTS.—Mr. Fairbairn, one of the gentlemen arrested on Wednesday for non-payment of annuity-tax, was released from prison, after a three hours' incarceration, by payment of the impost being made by Mrs. Fairburn. On Thursday Mr. Brown was visited in his place of confinement in the Calton Gaol by his wife and a number of friends, at the usual hour for visitors, between eleven o'clock a.m. and one p.m. He had passed a quiet night, and was satisfied with the accomoda tion provided for him in his cell. Mr. Hunter is still at large, and, it is said, suffers from the violence attending his attempted arrest. Thursday night, the Aniti-Annuity-tax Committee held a meeting at 6, York-place, and made arrangements for convening a public meeting of the citizens on an early day next week, for consideration of the tax and the recent proceedings connected with its collection. ELECTION EXPENSES.—Among the elections which exalted the greatest interest on the occasion of Lord Derby's appeal to the country was that of Ashburton. Mr. Moffatt, the Whig member, who had represented the borough for a great number of years, was defeated by Mr. Astell, the Conservative candidate, by a majority of one. A petition was presented, but the Parliamentary Committee confirmed Mr. Astell's election. The expenses of the two candidates have just been published by the election auditor. Those of Mr. Astell amounted to £342 9s. 3d., which is composed of the following items :—advertisements and printing, £l5 9s. 6d. ; agents, £173 18s. 7d. ; carriage and horsehire, £59 13s. ; committee-room messengers, £5O 13s. 6d. ; the returning officer, £2B 3s. 7d. ; and election au ditor, £l4 11s. Mr. Moffatt's expenses were £340 4s. 5d., being only £2 less than those of his opponent. Among the items are the following :—agents, £lOO 18s. 10d. ; printing, rs;)o9lclh messengers, e c s a s r e r t i t a g g e e rs, a N n y d at h eh or m se en h , ike e„, £ £ 4 1 2 46 8 2 . 5. 1 , 1 d d.. ;; et e riln l ii l t 6 tee l9 - ming fficer, £lB 9d. ; election auditor, £l4 10s. 4d. I THE LATE BIGAMY CASE—MATRIMONIAL OFFERS. —From the period of the application at Lambeth police court, and more particularly since the apprehension of " Cap tain William Denbigh Sloper Harrison Marshall," Mrs. Hayes, the second wife, or rather the lady who is supposed to be the second wife —as it is supposed the spruce Mr. Sloper has been married, if not three times, at least twice before—has become the victim of the greatest annoyance by a perfect host of suitors for her hand and property. The letters she has already received exceed fifty. Indeed, so great is her annoyance, that she declares that every letter she receives for the future she will deliver up for publication. The letters Mrs. Hayes has received have been from trades men in "prosperous businesses;" " tradesmen retired on handsome competencies ;" country farmers, with " well. stocked farms;" country squires, with nice "little pro perty ;" " Leatlemen of the la w ;" p r ofessional " gentle men ;" half-pay lieutenants in the navy ; non-commissioned o beers in the army, and, in feet, from persons of all sorts arid sizes ; tut the most importunate amongst the "lot" has been a "bold dragoon," who boasts of being decorated with no less than six Crimean and other medals, and seven clan is. A late inspector of the "Blues" (the L division), who was obliged to cut the force without a pension, and a portly son of Esculapius, who has had niuch more than sixty summers pass over his head, has held on nearly as fast as one of his own. leeches. This gentleman, who is a good representative of Friar Tuck, called at the house of Mrs. Hayes immediately after the first examination of Marshall, and representing himself as the intimate friend and fellow professional of the late Dr Hayes, her late dear husband, o ff ere d hi s deep and sincere sympathy in her trouble, and denounced in unmeasured vehemence the rascally and scoundrel• like conduct of the villain Harrison, or Marshall, or whatever his name might be. His "oily fervour" and apparent sincerity threw the lady off her guard, and she received the " doctor" as the friend of her husband. His attentions for seine days were most marked and respectful, but by degrees his real cha racter oozed out, and the question with them will be which was the greatest scoundrel, the doctor, or the soi-disant Hon. Captain William Denbigh Sloper Hardison Marshall ? THE IMPERIAL AMNESTY. COLONEL CHARRAS AND THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON. Colonel Charras has published the following letter rejecting the proffered amnesty : "To Louis Bonaparte.—You declare an amnesty, you pardon thousands of citizens who have been cast by you on a foreign soil, who have been for kept by you in the deadly c limate of Africa, in the poisonous swamps of Cayenne. They defended against you a constitution hich resulted from un iversal suffrage—a constitutiwon which you bound you rself by a solemn oath to be faithful to, but which you violated. For this you struck them down and you now amnesty them. The criminal pardons his ovil victims. :It was to be expected that you should borrow this touch from the Caesars of degenerate Rome. I cannot in the face of public opinion and of history be a party to this change of masks. It is not for him who has violated the law to pardon him who hall defended it. Your pardon is an insult to those whori it affects. It conceals a snare and a trap, like s ' A your words and all your oaths. It doe s not reach me. But the representative of the people, wi l°l73 you outraged, imprisoned, and banished , the officer whom you robbed—l, whom you persecu ted even i ll the land of exile, declare that I do not amnesty yoU• Ido not pardon you the deaths of 15,000 French men, whom you massacred in December, whom 99 11 have wasted in your gaols and convict prisons, in the misery and wretchedness of exile. Ido no, l forgive your violation of that constitution whieu„ you swore to maintain, nor your destruction of that republic which gave you a country. Lastly, I fraud pardon your disgracing universal suffrage by re nn • and terror, your enslaving a nd systematic demo tion of my country. Life, indeed, when spent afar tion T he but one's family and country, is bitter enou.ahhe but life in slavery would be far more bitter. exiles—shall return to France to inflict upontey2= day that Liberty, Right, and Justice —those august the most deserved of chastisements, I shall enter_ir; That day is slow in coming, but come it will, fe" CUARBAS• I can wait for it. Ti 31 Q A t '4lli oi Dal' eal, No, Da, /1