The Sun. — London, England, 1860-07-05 00:00:00

THE YEARLY DISTRIBUTION OF _PRIZES AT EYIVERSITY COLLEGE. The yearly ceremony of distributing prizes to the successful students attending this University was performed yesterday. Lord Stanley, M.P., was called en to preside. The attendance was numerous, and included, among others, with the professors and students, Sir Edward Ryan, Lord Fortescue, Mr. George Grote, Sir Francis Gold amid, M.P., Mr. John Miller, Mr. Edward Romilly, Dr. Booth, &c. The CHAIRMAN, who was received with loud ap plause, expressed the pleasure he felt in being called on to preside on the occasion. He did not consider it necessary for him to state the object of the meet ing, as they were anxious to hear the report read, and to congratulate those students who had gained the prizes of the year. Prof. NEWMAN, the Dean, read the report of the session, and the various professors each read a list of the successful prize candidates and those thought worthy of commendation in his own class, when the latter came forward in the following order, and re ceived their prizes from the hands of the chair- man : FACULTY OF ARTS AND LAWS.-SEsmN 1859-60. ANDREWS SCHOLARSHIP, fur proficiency in Latin, Greek, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy.-Examiners, Professors Newman, Malden, and Potter, Mr. John C. Addyes Scott, A.M., Fellow of University College, Lon don, and Mr. J. R. Young. £6O Scholarship.-Julian Guldsmid, of London. A Scholarship of £6O was also awarded to Mr. George Ralli, but as that gentleman did not purpose to continue his studies in the College, he could not hold the scholarship. JEWS' COMMEMORATION SCHOLARSHIP, of £l5 a year, tenable for two years, awarded to thestudent of the Faculty of Arts of not more than one year's standing in the College who was found to be most distinguished by general profi ciency and good conduct.-Scholar (1858-59).-Nathaniel Nathan, of London. LATIN (ProfessorNewman).-Senior Class-Prize 1. John Arthur Owen; Prize 2, Alfred A. Tupp. Certificates-3. Theodore Waterhouse ; 4th, equal, Nathaniel Nathan, Edwin C. Such, Charles T. Martin, T. E. Jevons; sth, equal, Benjamin Kisch, of London, Stanley K. Welsh; 6th, equal, Edwin Waterhouse, Ernest C. Benecke, T. C. Jarvis, John Moxon ; 7th, Ernest Satow. Junior Class.- Prize 1. James E. Odgers. Prize 2. W. H Brown. Cer tificates 3, Nowrojee Cawasjee Pohcha, of Bombay.; 4th, equal, Richard Paciae,:, .13.9. , ffthorn - Kitson, .James Ernest Clapham; sth equal, C. J. Albrecht, Framjee Bomanjee Cams, of Bombay ; 6th, equal, J. Howard Gurney ; E. H. Busk; 7th, James Charter. MaTHEmiarcs.-In consequence of the illness of Pro fessor De Morgan no announcement of the result of the examinations in the Class of Mathematics was received. The award of the prizes and certificates in these classes was necessarily postponed. GitEEK (Professor Malden).-Extra Class.-Prize, Edwin Waterhouse. Certificates. -2. Alfred Roscoe ; 3. Alfred C. Tupp ; 4. William Jardine ; 5. Benjamin Kisch ; 6. Thomas Edwin Jevons. Senior Class.-Prizes, equal- Henry Enfield Dowson, Robert R. Hyatt. Certificates, equal-3. Henry Lister, G. Franklin Browne ; 5. John A. Owen ; 6. equal, E. C. Benecke, Campbell Orme, Thomas H. Hepburn; 9. Charles T. Martin; 10. equal, Frederick W. Janson, Ernest M. Satow; 12. John Moxon ; 13. Charles F. Foster ; 14. Edwin C. Such ; 15. Frederick W. Paterson. Junior Class.-Prizes-1. George S, Joseph, 2. J. Hawthorn Kitson. Certificates-3. William Henry Brown ; 4. James E. Odgers ; 5. Samuel Walker ; 6. It. Pitcher; 7. Edward H. Busk; 8. James E. Clapham; 9. John Collins Baker. HEBREW (Professor Marks).-Prize, John A. Owen. Certificate, 2. James Spear. ENGLISH (Professor Masson).-Senior Class.-Prize 1, Alfred ltoscoe ; prize 2, Edwin - Waterhouse and J. Clifford, equal. Certificates-4. Campbell Orme and E.Davis, equal; 6. 11. 11. Watson ; 7. Alfred C. Tupp ; 8. equal, F. W. Jan son, Henry Peto, and James De Wet. Junior Class. - Prize 1. J. Ernest Clapham ; prize 2. A Shields, S. Walker. Certificates-4. J. C. Haigh; 5. E. W. Satow; 6. equal, F. W. Paterson. and E. Winterbotham ; 8. H. 11. Busk ; 9. 11. Lucas ; 10. equal, Framjee B. Cama, and J. Charter. FRENCH (Professor Merlet).-Prize 1. Arthur Wag; ; prize 2. Henry L. Smith ; prize 3. C. J. Albrecht. Cer tific-ates-4. J. Clifford ; 5. J. E. Clapham ; 6. James P. De Wet ; 7. F. Frederick Churchill. GERMAN (Professor Heimann). -Senior Class.-Prize, Benjamin Kisch. Certificates, 2. George S. Joseph; 3. J. P. De Wet. Junior Class.-Piize, F. W. Paterson, Certificates, 2. E. 11. Busk; 3. J. J. Fletcher; W. 11. Cormack ; 5. Samuel Walker. ITALIAN (Signor Maggioni).-Prize, Julian Goldsmid, Certificates-2. Elim D'Avigdor; 3. Henry Lucas. COMP kR %TINE GRAMMAR (Professor Key).-Prize Theodore Waterhouse. Prize 2, equal, Julian Goldsmid, Alfred C. Tupp. Certificates -4. Ed win Waterhouse; 5. J. 11. Kitson ; 6. W. Jardine; J. P. De Wet. NATuum, PHILOSOPHY (Professor Potter)-Senior Ma thematical Class.-Prize, Jonas Ashton. Certificates-2. Thomas P. Gaskell; 3, equal, Th ,mas H. Hepburn, Ho ratio N. Grimley. Henry C. Fox. Junior Mathematical Class --Prize 1. Henry C. Watson ; 2. George de Mor gan. Certificates-3. John It. Blakiston; 4. S. Kemp Welch. Experimental Class -Prize 1. Nowrojee Cowasjee Poheha, of Bombay ; 2. George S. Joseph ; 3. equal, Geo. W. Knox, William H. Brown. Certificates-4. C. B. Bright ; 5. R. Ramey Morton ; 6. C. J. A. Albrecht. ANALYTICAL Cu EMISTRY (Professor Williamson.)- Gold medal, Richard T. Key. Silver medal, C. Houghton Gill. Certificate, 3. lienry Curtis. PHILO:4OEIIY OF 3IIND AND LOGIC (Professor Hoppus). -General Course.- Prizes, equal, Theodore Waterhouse, W. Stanley Jevons. Certificates, 2. Thouritts E. Jevons : 3. Francis Kossuth ;4. Louis Kossuth. Logic prize, Ed win Waterhouse. History of Philosophy.-Certificates, 1. equal, Theodore Waterhouse Francis Kossuth; 2. Louis Kossuth. History of Floral Philosophy.-Certificates, 1. Theodore Waterh - onse; 2. equal, Benjamin Kiscb Francis Kossuth ; 3. equal,. :Louis Kossuth, Astley 'Weston. AiteIIITECTURE (Professor Donaldson).-Fine Art-Ist year, prize, Edward, 3lawley; 2d year, prize, Ernest Beck. Certificates, 2. Jelin. Henry Tarring ' • 3. Francis Nibbs. Construction.-Ist yi;ar prize, Edward Mawley. Certificate, nriglxt ; 2d sear prize, Francis Nibbs. Ceratlcate, 11. Tarring. CIVIL EN GINEEILING (Professor Pole).-Prize, James N. Schoolbred. Ce,rtificates, 1. Louis Kossuth ; 2. Francis Kossuth. GEoLoGY (Prof iss or Morris).-Prize 1. G. Davis ; 2. F. W. Janson ; 3., J. Goldsmid. Certificates, 4. equal, Thomas P. Gaskell, Til. C. Fox, G. W. Knox, li. C. Lister ; 5. Henry Curtis. BOTANY (Profess nr Lindley). - Junior Class.-Silver medal, Jabez Cart , a% Certificates, 2. Henry Curtis ; 3. Alexander Bruce; t. John C. Leach. ZOOLOGY (Prole s sor Giant).-Silver medal, Ebenezer Diver. Certificate, *George Adams. POLITICAL ECON . ° MY (Professor Waley).-Prize, Her bert 11. Cozens liar ij Certificates, 2; 3. equal, W. Stan lr.v Jevons, Marcus IN . Adler; 5. equal, Julian Goldsmid, Robert E. Graves; 7.. W. Jardine. ENGLISH I.aw (Pr ofessor Rassell).-Prize, Samuel H. Behrend, M.A. C. ?,1 tificates, 2. 'Villeneuve Smith; 3. Richard B. Pugh. ENGLISH ESSAY I?:RIZE.-Subject, "Toleration in Mat ters of Opinion." (E a ;miner, Professor Masson.) £5 prize, Theodore Waterhou 3i . LATIN PROSE Es SA Y.-Prize given by Reading-room Society. Subject, "The Double Royalty of Sparta.' (Ex • aminer, Professor Nof vman.) £5 prize, Theodore 'Water house. The CHAIRMAN,. -after the prizes had been distri• buted, in rising te, address the students, referred with satisfaction to the statement of the Dean with reference to efficicart discipline, and then proceeded as follows :-It now • devolves upon me to say a few words in reference to the interesting ceremony which we have just witnessed ; and I assure the authorities of: this college that it is with more than comr atm satisfaction that I under take a duty which has been performed in ear lier years by son Lei of the most eminent public characters of our welqeration ; for, on looking to the list of your chairm en from 1828 to the present time, I find the names of Lord Lansdowne, Lord Macaulay, the present Forei gat Secretary, and the late Lord Grey, while there is; one name, not less distinguished, which it would be,. indeed, strange to find absent from any undertak; Mg in which the cause of educa tion and of intelle dual freedom was concerned that of the first pi( 'neer of popular teaching: in this country-that of y' Dur honoured and venerable pre sident, Lord Broug ham. In former years this col lege was remarkal )le as being the only one of its class available, equ ally, and without distinction, to persons of every religious profession ; that charac teristic is now less singular than of old ; but it is only less singular 7 because the principles of which the first practical n rewiring was exhibited here have made their way deei? into the public mind, and have even to some exten t modified the practice r of the two ancient ecclesi as tical universities of this coun try. But it is not only to every variety of belief that your doors stand opei a. You have here students from the remotest pal tions of the colonial empire of England, men of all races, of all nations, of every complexion, acquiring within these walls that in sight into nature whit eh is derivedfrom science, and which has been stoi •ed up by the labours of those who have gone before us for the benefit, not of any one nation, but of ml tnkind. When one reads on the rolls of this colleg :a names which represent the descendants of the ear ly Dutch colonists of the Cape -when one hears or the African of the west, and the Parsee from In diva, meeting in the same lecture rooms and competing for the same prizes-one's first thought is, ho w wide the influence of England spreads-one's seco ad thought, how cosmopolitan is the power of scienc e. There is one characteristic of this college, as of the University of which it forms taria, which I ough t not to pass without notice. You were am ong the fir , t to break in upon the old routine which practically ; almost limited English teaching to classical, n the older and me Lthematical study. Here, t oo , u niversi ities have followed your lead ; beat though m ac h both at Oxford sad has been done in this respect there still the case • Cambridge, yet practically it is proficiency secure that classical and mathematical valuable endowment a highest prizes and the most s, while other more recent branches of study ar e ixac mm in e xarativelnelected. In this place I am the is otherwise; and a student who has to ken liighest honours in. natural philosophy', in chemistry,eas in or in modern languages, is not lo o ked upon infe rior to one whose t )ecial acquirements any way lie in the direction of Latin c)r Greek. I anTtaladh also to learn that much str e ss is laid, by those g o direct , the course of tent Li) ig here, on a thorough, w and (if I may so speak) a n.iientific knowledge of the lan guage with which •we Englishmen are most con cerned-I mean E) a, glish. No word will ever fall from me in dispara g ement of classical literature ; I know its value too Vi ell ; but it seems strange, in a country where so rr Lany men are familiar with every dialect of Greek an .d every variety of classical style, there should be c omparatively so few who have really made theme elves acquainted with the origin, the history, and ti ie gradual development into its present form of that mother-tongue which is already spoken over half the world, which is destined to yet further geographical extension, and which em bodies many of the noblest thoughts which have ever issued from the brain of man. To use words with precision you ought to know their history as well as their present meaning; and, depend upon it, it is the plain Saxon phrase —not the term bor rowed from Greek or Roman literature—that whether in speech or writing, goes straightest and strongest to men's heads and hearts. And now, passing from these matters, let me offer my hearty congratulations—and here I am sure I am entitled to speak in the name of this assembly—to those who have appeared here to receive their prizes to-day. It is always a pleasant task to speak words of approval and encouragement to those who are entering on active life, when the approval is well borne out by facts, and when the encouragement can be given without holding out delusive hopes. I believe there are few after-successes which a man can obtain which give him half the pleasure of these early triumphs of school and college. He may win battles ;he may write books which half Europe shall read; he may rise to the head of his profession, or take part in the government of his country ; but he will sel dom again, unless he is more fortunate than the majority of those who have become eminent before men, receive a reward which no one envies him, which every one admits to be legitimately his, which comes to him embittered by no jealousy and saddened by no regret. I say, then, to those who have won the prizes of this day, don't be ashamed of enjoying the honours you have gained; they have been well competed for, they are hardly earned, they are fairly yours, and I think I know enough of the feeling of young men to say that even among those who have themselves been not so fortunate there is not one who grudges or who wishes them less. But while you look back with pleasure on what you have done, remember, that in the struggle of this world, in the keen competition of all classes and of all professions, it is not allowed to any one to look back, except for a moment, as a man climb ing a hillside pauses to take breath, to see the height he has gained and to calculate how much of the ascent remains. In your case little, very little has yet been accomplished. Your work has been prac tice for the battle, not the battle itself. You have, however, gained some real advantages from your present position. You have the advantage of a good start—we all remember the old saying," well begun is half done" —you have had some degree of attention called to your names, and you have ex cited expectations which it will be with you a point of honour to satisfy. You have mastered for the present—you may lose it again, many men do, but you have it now—the habit of continual and mental application—a very rare habit, so far as I can judge, in any occupation where real mental exertion is required. And you have acquired the right to feel—which in many moods of mind and many circumstances of life, it will be almost necessary for your support and encouragement that you should feel—a reasonable reliance on your own powers, a reasonable conviction that if opportunities fall in your way (or rather, I will say, when opportunities fall in your way, for sooner or late they come to all), they will not be lost for want of capacity to use them. Ido not know that I can give you, stand ing here, any counsel which will be better than the promoting of your own honourable ambition, acting upon fresh and unexhausted energies like yours. The most appropriate encouragements, the most useful warnings, are those which, formally repeated from this place, would sound the most familiar and the most commonplace. In former, and even in very recent days, it was a common fashion for young men of talent (ay, and for older men too) to affect to disparage industry as the resource of the plod ding and of the dull, and to conceal the labours which their works had cost them. The dornmon sense of the present age has get rid of that folly, and no rule is more certainly recognised in all tepartments of intellectual labour than this—that real work, work which will stand the test of time and the criticism of competent judges, can never be the result of hasty or careless or desultory efforts. I believe that law is universal, and that it applies even to those branches of study or of business in which action has to be taken on the spur of the moment, without the possibility of special prepara tion. We have heard at the bar, or in Parlia ment, men whose instantaneous command of words, whose readiness of thought as well as of expression, seems the effect of instinct rather than of training ! but what is the secret of that readi ness? Why this—that the mind has previously been so exercised on similar subjects that not merely the necessary words but the necessary arguments and combinations of thought have become, by practice, as intuitive as those motions of the body by which we walk, or speak, or do any habitual and familiar act. One man will pore and perplex himself over a difficult point, be it in law, in science, what you will ; another will come in and see at a glance where the difficulty lies and what . is the solution. Does that necessarily prove that • the latter has more natural genius ? No, but it proves that his facilities bare been sharpened by ' familiarity with such topics; and the ease with which he now does his work, so far from proving that he has always worked with ease, is a measure, so to speak, of the labour with which he has pre pared himself for doing it. You will not suppose that I am denying the wide differences of organisa tion which exist between man and man, or that I hold, as some wise men professed to do in the last century, that we are all born with equal gifts, and that only education makes one to excel another. But this, I say, and with a deep conviction of its truth, that the tendency of all of us is to over rate those natural differences, and to underrate the extent to which they lie within our power to modify or to increase. I am sure that we should one and all be startled if, taking any large number of young men of nearly the same age, and ascertaining what was thought in their schooldays of their relative capacities, we were to compare the judgment formed then with the actual result in later life. It is not, probably, that the early judgment was mistaken, but in the long run success has de pended, even in purely intellectual pursuits, on moral quite as much as on intellectual qualities. The stronger brain, unworked or' overworked, has lost its tone ; the weaker, steadily and moderately exercised, has gained in power until the positions of the two are the reverse of what they once were. And to this rule of labour which I lay down, it is no answer to cite the cases of eminent men who have been eminent apparently with little of exer tion. It is no answer, because you cannot prove the fact. What is industry, and what is idleness ? One man may sit all day over his books, and yet do but little in that time ; another, of less outwardly, regular habit, applies himself intensely during the hours that he is at work, and never wholly loses sight of the object which he has in view. I am not disparaging the value of regularity and method ; what I contend for is, that where you see men suc cessful whose professional preparation has not been marked by those qualities, you ara not therefore to assume that they have been idlers, who have made their way by the forc e o f genius alone. Whatever a man's habits and outward show of life may be, depend upon it no man ever reached eminence in any department who did not concentrate the whole of his mind on that pursuit. When once a man has thrown himself heart and soul, into the turmoil and anxiety of professional life, there is not for him much more—in 99 cases out of 100 there is no more—of that free and liberalising study which has for its object, not the sharpening of one special faculty, but the development of the mental powers as a whole. It may be a matter of regret that the fact should be so, but the fact is so, and the inference I would draw from it is seriously to warn you (and I know the warning is not superfluous) to resist, so far as you reasonably and prudently may, that natural and al most universal impatience which prompts men con scious of capacity for active life to throw aside their books and rush into business at the earliest moment, under the impression that they have no time to lose, that there is nothing more they need learn, and that th e best preparation for work work itself. No ma n , l am certain, ever knew je the the work of his profession as we ll as he might have known it, who did not go a good deal beyond his profession. You can't isolate any one branch of human thought, and say, " This is my province •, to everything outside of it I am indifferent." The narrowness of mind which a merely one-sided mil ' ture produces not only spoils the man for being anything more than a tool, but even prevents him from being as useful a tool as he might become. Study, therefore, as long as in prudence you can, and don't fear that life will not be long enough to reap what you have sown. It very seldom happens that any one gets implanted into his mind an idea worth keeping there without finding sooner or later, the means of turning it to account; One word more. Most of those whom I address I presume are destined for professional life. The risks of pro fessional life are great, and it would be idle to tell men whose fortunes depend on success not to be anxious or uneasy as to the result. There come to us, whatever our occupation, moments of doubt and despondency, such as try the most constant natures and overcloud the brightest prospects. Such trials of fortitude cannot be wholly escaped ; but they may be lessened. They depend in part on physical causes; the men: sana must lodge in corpore nano; and it should be a rule with every one whose aims in life are high never to sacrifice the future to the present— never' in his anxiety to accomplish some immediate result, to neglect the warning which nature gives of exhausted strength and energies lives, yourtiri on endurance in Y ou are engaged in a race which is to last not f or a few week ; or months, but for a ll insuch a race success will ultimately far more than on speed, But, THE SUN, LONDON', THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 5, 1860. further, though it is easier to preach philosophy than to practice it, yet if any one of you can say honestly to himself " I will make it my first object, not to succeed, bat to deserve successs •, I will accept — contentedly whatever fortune sends, pro vided only I can feel I have done my best," I say, if any man can sincerely hold that language, and keep his spirits to that high pitch, he is more likely than another to obtain the prizes of life, simply because his mind is more free from disturb ing influences—because he can more fully command that inward peace, that even and dispassionate temper, without which I believe no great intel lectual feat was ever accomplished—without which I am sure, no genuine happiness was ever yet secured. Accept, gentlemen, my congratulations on the past, my warm good wishes for your future, and may you so bear yourselves that those who stand here in my place, a generation hence, may be proud to name your names as an example and encouragement to those who succeed you, and to say of you, " He was a student at University Col lege," Lord FORTESCUE proposed a vote of thanks to his Lordship, which was carried by acclamation. and moral, were the exclusive objects dis cussed in those meetings or elaborated in special committees. And this it was precisely which caused the Russian Government last month to issue an order which, though pretending to leave in existence the agricultural society, forbids the greatest part .)f its labours, and particularly insists upon the prize medals or rewards allotted to such inhabitants as cannot appear in person at Warsaw being for warded to them, not .through the authorised corre spondents of the society, but by the Russian local officials. And no wonder, for whatever is profitable to a Polish community must under any of the three spoilers of Poland be looked at with a profound distrust, and with that hatred which the offender ever feels for his victim, until she lies prostrate and senseless. To escape such hatred and distrust, a Pole must neither be religious, nor simply honest, nor well-informed, nor rich. But in that very hatred and suspicion, friends of Poland, trusting in God's mercy and in the approaching era of justice amongst nations, may find fresh motives of perse verance : for blood and tears cannot be drawn from a corpse ; and, in truth, Poland is a daily scene of blood and tears. Yet this is not all that friends of Poland may be comforted with. The Polish nation not only lives ; its life is laborious, patient, per severing, and bears the manifest stamp of improve ment towards political maturity. I'll mention one single feature of it. Wherever they are allowed to act in a body, we rejoice in seeing most gratifying readiness to support chosen leaders by a willing discipline. It is the case at Warsaw ; it is also the case in Prussian Poland, whence the members elected for the Berlin parliament, about thirty in number, never appear, never speak in any of the two houses composed of Germans, kit as the authorised delegates of their fellow members, representing that part of Poland which by the public law of Europe is annexed to Prussia, not inco r porated. Such a body of men in a province is in itself a lead ing power for the vital forces of the country, an enlightened and steady moderator of its energies and generous impulses, and a safeguard against all premature, intemperate, or wickedly suggested outbursts of disgust and impatience, however strong be the motives and occasions for it. And now, my lords and gentlemen, I beg of you to grant me another instant of attention, and I beg at, the same time to throw myself upon your indul gence. I thanked you with all may heart as friends of Poland; to you, as Britons, I confess, I cannot refrain from expressing some anxiety. I am an old admirer of your country, and one who might perhaps deserve the name of a staunch and delibe rate friend of England. I may then be allowed to express my profound regret at the present state of politics between your powerful country and your no less powerful neighbour, France. Concert be sween these two nations and Governments has been for centuries, and more still in latter years, the wish and aspiration of all good and truly wise men, and on the other hand it was the best hope and expectation of all those who suffered from in justice or oppression. England anel France may be said to be the heart of civilisation, and the seat of that power which in the long run rules above all powers, however mighty in appearance, I mean public opinion. I emphatically beg to repeat it— , Great Britain and France, when acting in concert, are all-powerful over the rest of the human race ; and not so because of their armies, fleets, and trea sures, but because their civilisation, which is the offspring of Christian revelation itself, actually rules over the minds and convictions of the whole of mankind. United they can do good without limit; indifferent to one another, or, worse still, estranged and distrustful of each other, they are a dead-weight upon the community of men and I nations; instead of leading all of them prudently but surely into the path of justice and right, they sow among nations and governments the seeds of future wars, and may, in the end, bring upon them selves the most frightful retaliation of Providence, by a war—a truly fratricidal war—and a mutuai destruction, such as history never recorded. When I express my regret and anxiety as to the idea of a possible war between Great Britain and France, being as it were in both countries the topic of the day, do not think, gentlemen, that I any way advert to the great sacrifices which both at this moment undertake for defence and arma ments. Nothing could be further from what I feel When last week I witnessed that grand and never equalled spectacle of the volunteers of Great Bri tain reviewed by their gracious Queen, their per fectly wonderful military bearing caused me no• thing but the heartiest pleasure. And when I hear that the Queen's regular army is now double what it was before the late Russian war, and that the British Parliament had at last determined to attend to the warnings of its best captains and statesmen by devoting large sums to army, navy, and defences, I unhesitatingly conclude that the time is near ap proaching when England, safe at home and suffi ciently armed, will repudiate that pretended wis dom and pretended charity which begins at home, and will feel inclined to use her force for doing good to others, since that force will have become cffectirc and ever ready at hand. I know, though it may not be in this audience, that I may be ex posed to the reproach of wishing Great Britain to run into Quixotic adventures, and I will not deny that, to my feeling, had the celebrated Spanish Saladine not been mad, he would have left a good deal that is worthy of imitation by many who think themselves wise. But while giving to wisdom and prudence their due right, I trust I may be allowed to "say of great nations and Governments what would be a truism when applied to great men and families in their respective countries, viz., that if favoured by, birth or accident with greater means than their fellow-men, they cannot, without incur ring deserved reproach on the part of the latter, withdraw from public burdens, and by shutting themselves up in the mere enjoyment of riches and talent, deprive their country of the benefit she had a right to expect at their hands. After using this ward talent, I may perhaps be allowed to draw an example from the highest source. Every one of you, gentlemen, remembers the lot which was as signed to the man in the Gospel who had buried his talent. But again, lam told "France can never be trusted. What is the object for which France goes on arming a formidable fleet ?" Without being in the confidence of France and of her Emperor, I think I may answer the question with some chance of being right. Why, gentlemen, France wants to have a fleet precisely for the same motive that you want to have a larger army than you re quired before so many and admirable inventions deprived you of the security your insular position hitherto gave you. You must now have a strong defensive army, because France may some day use hers for aggression. And France is determined to have a strong fleet because, however strong for a continental war, she cannot bear the mere appear ance of her policy even being influenced by a vague feeling of your superiority at sea. I rejoice in see ing France providing herself with a powerful fleet, just as I rejoice to see Great Britain provided with a powerful and ready army. I trust nothing is more calculated to put an end to a reciprocal petty jealousy, and when that is realised, I trust, more over, that the two nations will find it far easier to combine their forces for the improvement of the con dition of men at large. Observe, gentlemen, that all-powerful for doing good when united, these two nations are powerless to combine for evil. Public opinion in each of them might be blinded as to what they do themselves ; but each would blush, and ac tually revolt at the sight of any evil task being undertaken in concert and complicity with an asso ciate. Unwilling to bear the self-reproach which in their present state of Christian civilisation each of them would feel when entering on an unjustifi able course, each would eagerly throw the blame upon the other, and so the felonious association would of itself cease, or they must return within the pale of justice. But, again, on both sides of the channel, I hear people repeat, "Trust them, we never can." Now, to that I would venture to answer — Let England or France, whichever of the two, be well armed and provided, at land and at sea, let her be strong in body and healthy in mind, and truly anxious for the good of others, not for mean profit to herself, and give pledges of her honesty; then let her, though siaglehanded, not stop at neutrality, but, with proper wisdom and discretion, step for , _ _ itself again to the two great nations of the West to apply their united forces to the benefit of the human race. Austria, Russia, and Prussia herself happen, at one and the same time, notwithstanding their numberless soldiers, to labour under a state of weakness and disorganisation. They are the very oppressors of Poland, but they do not only weigh heavily upon their Polish subjects, they at the same time trample upon binding treaties. The let ter of the treaties which bind them towards Europe and Poland has proved a deception ; but the Ppirit of those enactments is clear—it stipulates emphati cally that the Polish nation, upon the whole extent which it possessed before the first dismemberment in 1772, and under whatever Governments she re mains, shall preserve its national life and such re presentative institutions as can best secure nationa- iity. Upon that ground Great Britain and France may, whenever they choose, open tho question ; and if they do not in due time find the proper op portunity for it, they cannot plead that they have wanted the power, they must acknowledge that as Christian nations they were not true to their duty. But I repel the supposition. I am ready to acknow ledge that hitherto we ourselves may have failed in showing to demonstration that we had profited by the lessons of misfortune, that we are no more the nation which, after centuries of heroic deeds, allowed herself to be overtaken in sleep, but that we are both awakened to our duties and taught how best to perform them. As to this latter assertion you will be pleased, gentlemen, to hear in what words, at one of the great courts of Europe, the ambassador of one of the sovereigns who hold Poland in bond age was heard to confirm it. After deploring the difficulties weighing upon his government, he said, " A new danger henceforth threatens us ; Polonism is decidedly awakening and growing upon us." May God grant that the truth of these words should soon be confirmed by signs every day more unques • tionable, and may those signs speak to the hearts and minds of the two great nations of the West ! POERIO ON THE NEAPOLITAN GOVERNMENT. During a debate which took place on Friday in the Sardinian Parliament on Neapolitan affairs, Baron Poerio was trged by his friends to address the house, and in a clear, manly, sonorous tone, by no means impaired by the ill-health under which he has so long been labouring, and with a fluency and elegance of speech characteristic of the southern Italians, said— • "It was my intention to address a few questions to the hon. President of the Council of Ministers respecting the late events in Naples as soon as I had collected sufficient infvmation ; but as my hon. friend the Deputy Mancini, in giving his opinion on the merits of the present question, has spoken at full length on the subject, and as the hon. Minister of the Interior has given an answer with which I, taking into consideration the reserve suggested by present circumstances, declare myself highly satis fied, I may perhaps be allowed to associate myself to the wishes so elegantly expressed by my hon. friend, and to add a few plain words. No doubt the instinct of self-preservation.urges governments as well. as individuals to those resolutions which at first glance seem the most desperate. A drowning man, hopeless of any other esc a p e , w ill, i n th e ago ny of death, cling to and catch at any object within his 'reach. I, therefore, can well understand that the Government of Naples, which up to this moment was always the most fierce and implacable foe to Italian nationality—that GovernmeLt which, with the most cowardly obstinacy, persecuted the gene rous men who aspired to that common object, shoull now all at once change its language, and put forth words of independence, patriotism, and nationality, seeking the protection and refuge of this Government, and suing, at least, for its moral support. Gentlemen, I have often seen men laden with the most hideous crimes, when brought before the court which is to try them and unable to deny their offences, put forward words of com punction and repentance, Every Government, gentlemen, has its traditions, from which it cannot depart. We need no argument to be convinced of this truth. The traditions of the Neapolitan Go vernment are hereditary perjury. The new King, almost to prove the legitimacy of his descent, is preparing to perjure himself, and, in order to qua lify himself for the task of forswearing himself, he must first swear. It is with that view that he de clares himself ready to swear constitutions and al liances. His object in proposing an alliance with the King's Government is obvious. He is only meditating the re-conquest of Sicily. These are the old fox-like wiles of the Neapolitan Govern ment. As these have thrice availed them, they hope even now, from the same arts, to attain the same results, But, if these are very clearly the intentions of the Government of Naples, there is also no doubt but the Government of the King—of that King who for the last 12 years has held aloft the banner of Italian nationality, will never deeert its post, never will associate itself with a faith breaking Government, a Government by the nature of its very institutions an implacable foe to Italian regeneration. I therefore trust that the King's Ministers, following up the national Italian policy which they have so nobly pursued heretofore, will never press the hand of that Government which has so long combated our independence, waging against us that secret subterranean war which is , very often so much more injurious than an open war. As I am intimately convinced that the King's Government will fulfil this sacred duty—a duty imposed upon them by all their foregoing policy and by the future of Italy—as a member of this Parliament, whereon rest the hopes of Italy, I declare that I give my full assent to this bill, being certain that all the means entrusted to the Govern ment by the vote of the representatives of the nation will always be employed for the increase of the public prosperity, and for the future welfare of Italy." (Bravo! bravo ! loud applause.). POLAND. The following very important speech was de livered by General Count Zamoyski, at the annual meeting of the Literary Association of the Friends of Poland, held on the 26th of June last : The Earl of ILCHESTER having moved, " That, inasmuch as the claims of subjugated nations to deliverance from oppression are now beginning to exact and compel a degree of attention from Euro pean cabinets v►hich they have never obtained be fore, it is the duty of Poland and her friends, in this age of sudden and unexpected changes and opportunities, to be ever ready to avail themselves of every occasion of asserting her claim to national independence." General Count ZAMOYSKI seconded the resolu tion. We are indeed (he said), I fully believe, en tering upon a new era—an era of justice and right, of restoration, and I trust not of revolution— of re storation of the rights of nations, not of princes. When the time will come for the restoration of Poland's rights nobody can tell. But it seems to me a striking feature of the day that whenever other nations' grievances are brought to light and discussed, and contended for or resisted, Poland is, as it were, unavoidably mentioned by all. Every ene fe?ls, every one acknowledges, that there is no right more sacred than hers—no grievances, no de solation, perhaps, equal to hers. But friends of Poland, however convinled of these truths—how ever persevering in their advocacy, may inquire whether the Polish nation herself remains faithful to her past, and still worthy of the support of those who feel that her dismemberment was a crime, but know not whether life is not at this day extinct in her. In fact, nearly 30 years have passed since Poland for the last time exhibited before the world in a glorious though unsuccessful struggle, her life, vigour, and readiness for unlimited sacrifices; and no less than 80 years have elapsed since vast provinces of Poland were first torn fromher and have ever since submitted to rulers bent upon utterly destroying in the minds and hearts of the Poles the very remem brance of their former existence and of the crime which had placedit in abeyance. I think, therefore, my lords and gentlemen, you will be willing to hear a few details showing what life there is in the various parts of what was formerly called Poland, parts which offer considerable differences in their present condition. There are, as you know, the two parts allotted to German governments, Austria and Prussia; of the two other parts, under Russia, the one, since 1815, bears the name of kingdom of Poland; the other, comprising no less than ten millions of souls, forms nine great provinces, called governments, incorporated with the empire of Russia. In the last and in the kingdom, the acces sion of a new czar and king, after the reign of terror of Nicholas, was greeted with hopes derived from a humane and liberal disposition attributed to him. A few measures, indeed, seemed to justify those expectations. First of all, the police was in structed to relax in the stringent rules which had characterized their proceedings during the last 30 years. But of all things, the new reign was marked by Alexander 11. proclaiming that, at the request of the western (Polish) governments of his empire (a request repeatedly addressed by the Poles to the Emperor's predecessors), he had deter mined to put an end to slavery in his empire—a measure which is to give civil liberty instead of actual slavery to 55,000,000 of persons out of the 60,000,000 composing the total population of his empire. What the result of that will of the Em peror will be is neither known at this day, nor is it possible in any way to calculate whether it will end in giving to the empire prosperity or ruin. How ever, the very compliment paid to- his Polish sub jects in the eyes of the rest of the empire, of their having been foremost in petitioning for the email ; cipation of the serfs, emboldened them, whenever he appeared in the various towns of Russian • Poland, to meet him with addresses so identical and unanimous that they seemed stereotyped; they invariably and exclusively petitioned that their religion might not be interfered with, for restora tion of their language in public transactions and courts of justice, and re-establishment of the national schools suppressed by Nicholas. At \Vitebsk, at Vilna, at Zytomir, and, in Novem• ber last, again at Kainienice Podolski, such petitions were unflinchingly, though respect fully handed to him, or at least unanimously signed by the representatives of the landowners, even after they had been warned that they would incur the Czar's displeasure. In Austrian Poland a demand to the very same effect was recently drawn up, end received innumerable signatures of all classes of the inhabitants, in the form of a spontaneous ad dress to three gentlemen, who had just been ap pointed by the Emperor of Austria to take scats for the province of Galicia in what is called the enlarged Council of the Empire. Restoration of the Polish language in public transactions, in courts, in schools, and permission, without incur ring suspicion, to give encouragement to national literature, national history, and to the preservation of monuments of a thousand years of national ex• isfence, was all that this address demanded at the hands and through the endeavours, in the Council, of their three countrymen. A word was added to insist upon the deputies passing over in silenco, any other grievance, though many were endured from the foreign and inimical officers of the ad ministration, " Least of all," was it said in the ad dress, "do the inhabitants of Galicia care for any new institutions of a more or less liberal kind, as may be debated in the council, so long as what was most dear and most essential to them, both in a material and in a moral sense, was denied to the province, viz., that they should be allowed to re main Poles ?" And what was the result ? By order of the highest authority a warning was given to all the prominent signers of the address, includ ing the bishops and fi rs t o f th e no bilit y , as we ll as of the middle class, that they should abstain from " punishable agitation." Of what has been done of late at Posen by the authorities of the place to create " punishable agitation" among the inhabi tants of that grand duchy (Prussian Poland) you have heard at length from several noble' and honourable speakers in this very meeting. I really think my noble friend (Lord Harrington) has truly characterised, by ealling it "satanic," the system of provocation, the unquestionable evidence of which has been laid before the Prussian Parliament in May last, by an eminent and most deserving member, one of the members for Posen. What I here wish to insist upon is the total failure of the attempt.. During three years of an incessant provocation to which a few countrymen of ours in this country, infatuated as they were, or misled by destitution into desperate attempts, were expected to act as tools, not a single inhabitant of Prussian Poland. was caught in the prepared and wide-spread snares. —a proof of temperate wisdom for which, gentle men, I claim your acknowledgment. At Warsaw, and in the kingdom of Poland, the recent and most. creditable sign of life has been evinced, as soon as. permission was given, in numerous and most orderly meet:- TILE PATRIOT " CiaIIIINALS!" e have recently seen an interesting list of the several political and military leaders at present at the head of the Sicilian movement—a list which tells a wondrous tale of how the whirligig of time brings about its revenge. It appears from that curious document that all the eminent men who now play so distinguished a part in the emancipa tion of Southern Italy, have, at one time or other, been sentenced, for their political acts and opinions, to punishments which, in the parlance of the crimi nal code of despots, are generally called infiinzant— that is, suitable to common felons. What is still more striking in the catalogue we refer to, is the fact that even the Government of Piedmont—not only the despotic one which existed under Charles Albert before 1848, but even that of the present King—has been found to prosecute, in former years, patriots who now requite the sufferings they endured by working for the aggrandisement of the very same Power. To begin with Garibaldi, whose name of course stands first and foremost, we see that, in 1834, he was condemned at Genoa to a " dishonourable death" on account of conspiracy, and that he was declared an " outlaw," exposed to public vengeance as an " enemy of the country," and to be treated as " a brigand of the first class," so that his life was at the mercy of whosoever thought proper to take it ! This much for his persecutions under the old reyinze of absolutistic principles and priestly in fluence, which prevailed with the House of Savoy before the popular movement of 1847 and '4B. Again, under the present Government, Garibaldi was once more arrested in 1849, thrown into prison at Genoa, and subsequently transported to Tunis. This is the man who, in 1860, offers Sicily, which he has won with his own right arm, to the House of Savoy from which he has endured so much ! Truly, an heroic requital for injuries received. A similar fate has been that of Crispi, who is at present the Minister and Secretary-General of Garibaldi. He is a Sicilian by birth, was kept in prison at Genoa on account of conspiracy, as far down as March, 1853 ; and then, like the now Dic• tater of Sicily, was transported across the sea. From Malta he went to Paris, whence again he was driven away by the police of the French Go• held all over the coup. for the d the of civi igs, . _try, _ promo-. • ward an_ .crow her power in the balance - tion of a gr i cu lt ure. A n e l ec t e d cen t ra l committee sation against barbarism, of justice and r i g ht vernment. At this moment he co-operates with of an agricultural society was au th or i se d t o ac t at; . against oppression, of the conquered against the g allant chieftain of the Free Cor p s in b ringing Warsaw, an d to communicate w ith some 70 corres-. the foreign conqueror. The very goodness about the junction of Southern Italy with the pondents, equally au th or i se d , to res i de i n all parts. of her cause will , with as much certainty as Northern Kingdom, from which the Monarch is t o of the kingdom. Nearly fi ve thousand mem b ers of ' human affairs permit, ensure the willing concur - p rofit under whose rei g n Cris p i was so long kept this society, paying a subscription similar to what. rence and support of her powerful neighbour. in narrow confinement. you, gentlem en , su b scribe as f r i en d s o f Poland, Should that occurrence fail the disappointment The Minister of War of Garibaldi, Signor V. namely, two guineas a yea r , gave a t once t o that will find its reward for the risks and sacrifices in- Orsini, a native of Naples, is a further proof how committee a sum of about nine thousand pounds , curred, not only in the glory, but also in the grati- patriots, who, when in misfortune, are treated as yearly to spend in prize medals, shows, and encou- ' tude of numberless races. The radiant prestige of criminals, suddenly advance again in the esteem of ragements of all sorts, including asylums for infanti the name of that country will be the greater for her their very enemies as soon as the acquisition of elementary schools of agriculture, useful publica- neighbour having dese r t e d th e goo d c ause. But I power and position have rendered them once tions, &c. In a country so long deprived of every ' repel this supposition. From the depth °filly heart more formidable. Orsini was arrested in Sicily opportunity of discussing public affairs, and where ' I hope and trust Great Britain and France will at in 1847 under the charge of conspiracy; in 1850 a dozen friends could hardly meet privately with- last p erce i ve th a t th ere i s no sa f e ty t o themselves he was condemned to death in oontantacion by the out receiving threatening warnings from the police, from reciprocal destruction, but in combining for vile magistracy of the Bourbon Government. In the liberty given to the inhabitants of meeting once • the good of others. Thus, and thus only, will their October, 1859, when working for patriotic de a y ear at Warsaw for a week in such large num- , daily differences on mi nor p o i n t sva nish—differenees signs similar to those which have carried him at bers (iu January lasttheYnumbcred 1, 2 00 members -which keep them in a state of unceasing watchful- last to the prominent place he now occupies, he p resen t) caused necessarilysomcanxietybothamong 1 ness and distrust—j us t as th e y did vanish for a was threatened at Floren c e by Baron Ricasoli with the people themselves and among the Russian offi- , ,short period when the two nations last fought expulsion from Tuscany. Baron Ricasoli, it must c i a i s w h o wer e ever present at those meetings. But 'together in the Crim ea . Th a t period was short, be remembered, i s no t th e servan t o f a despotic to the Russians any imprudent language or act of indeed, but why ? Simply an d mos t undoubtedly Monarch, but was then the head of a soi-disant those assemblies might have been welcome; they because by that ill-advised expedition to the Crimea constitutional Administration which had issued would not have failed to say, " See what can you the two powers carefully a b s tained from doing good from a popular movement. Yet he did not scruple do with such an ungovernable people, which turns t 0 any ene, aiming on l y a t d o i n g harm to Russia. to menace Orsini with banishment from a territory every o pp or t un it y into a po li t i ca l r i o t , an d ever I have no doubt the scheme, so far, was called prat- which had but just been freed from the footprints forces authority to keep them under the strictest t' ical by many. In ••• 4' was the very cause of the stranger. Orsini's revenge has been that he my of inion iu Which, after sin :namense sacri- is now working for the junction of Sicily with the restraint." But, thank God, no such thing hap- c.f . that great failure pened ; no pretext of the remotest kind was Cee of men and mo ne a far realmof the King whom Ricasoli servnq ~.. left Russia wi ii found; agriculture, its improvement, and the rreater name in the whole East . ". - "r So ' is it with the Chief of Garibaldi's , again, than she has e 1,.... -. improvement too of the agriculturist, both material fr 4 *bled before. A wonderful 'ff the Hungarian Stephen Tarr. Re, too, Was opportunity presents 1 b l , ' .... imprisoned in Piedmont in 1853 for conspiracy,' transported across the fronti r, and subsequently condemned to death in Trans - l van i a , f rom w hi c h fate however the loud reclama t-m of the English Press saved him. Again Rosolin l / 4 Pilo, the Sicilian who has organised the present mo, men t, and who was its political leader before the t. rival of Gari baldi, was three times expelledfromn iedmont. In the Bishop of Oxford, the Duke of Marlborough, and the Church Tories, lie will certainly be obliged to look to them to supply the supporters he will have lost; and his lordship well knows that he would look to them in vain. Lord John Russell ought to have given the Noble Premier his support in favour of the Liberal cause, and if he now fails to do so, will add another to the many proofs he has given of his unworthiness to form part of a Liberal Ministry.—Morning Advertiser. August, 1859, he was subjected to a domiciliary visit" at Florence by the authorities wh, • had issued from the popular movement. Subsequem y he was imprisoned for two months at Bologna bye,ii priani, and even denounced to the populace as an/.ustrian spy ! Yet Rosolino Pilo—aci the extriumvir,f th e Roman Republic, Aurelio Saffi has properly 5,; ( 1 i n Returns are now made to the Home-office and the last number of Macmillan's Magazine—was mie published in the " Judicial Statistics," showing the of the purest patriots of Italy, one who has woikd business done in the courts of justice during the for its deliverance with an abnegation almost be year. Last year 86,270 writs of summons and 582 yond belief. Springing from the ancient family of writs of capes (for arrests by leave of a judge) the Marquises of Capace, who trace their origin to re issued from the three superior and ancie nt the Anjous, he gave up wealth, rank, station, all, Lurts of Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, af..ld Ex and enrolled himself, under the name of Rosolino cht.kuer ; or, in other words, so many actions were Pilo, under the banner of the independent national con*enced—a number less by 16.5 per cent. than. party. And that man was treated by the friends in the trevious year. In the vast majority of irs of Cavour as an " Austrians py," at the very time stances se cases are settled, for in only 23 , 762, when he was busy maturing plans for the deliver - not so ver much more than a fourth, was there ante of his native island. He was transported any appearat. e entered in the proper office on the from Bologna to Switzerland, then came to Lon- part of the dehndants. But after the defendant don—only, however, to return to Sicily, and to has taken the fir-, step in the shape of resistance, organise that movement which soon was to astonish by entering an aPlharance, the process of arrange all Europe. He fell near Calata-Fimi, marching ment still goes on,an . L the number of causes actually at the head of an enthusiastic band of free corps. tried by the judges hiring the year was only His loss- was regretted as one the most to be de- 2,113-1,131 in London aad Westminster, and 982 plored by Garibaldi and all the true champions of at the assizes; and of these it is probable that 10 the Italian cause. or 15 per cent. were undefendod, and resisted only Corrao, of Palermo, who defended Messina in to gain time. So that of the Baits commenced in 1848, is another of the " common criminals" whose the superior courts, little more than 2 per cent. name Italy will one day proudly write on the roll really require the decision of a jury; the vast ma of her leading patriots. After the events of 1848 jority are only to enforce payment of an acknow he escaped from the galleys to Piedmont, whence ledged claim. The number of causes tried for he was three times expulsed. In March, 1860, he obtaining compensation under Lord Campbell's Act went from Bosolino Pilo to Sicily to secretly orga- for personal injuries is stated at only 19; 105 were nise the revolution. It is owing in no small de- for libel or slander, 22 for breach of promise of mar gree to his exertions that a movement was fairly riage, and 16 for a more disreputable misfortune of set on foot which has boldly broken through the women. In 1,445 cases (above two-thirds of the webs of diplomacy, aria raised the cry of a United number tried) there was a verdict for the plain- Italy under King Victor Emmanuel—that is;of the tiff, without including verdicts subject to a ape Monarch from whose Ministers Carrao, like his cial case kir the opinion of the Court or a brethren in arms, had at various times received but reference ; in 343 cases the verdict was for the scanty kindness. defendant, and in 80 the plaintiff was non- At this moment when the intrigues of the Minis- suited. In 28 instances the jury had tebe discharged. terial party at Turin are more rife than ever against without giving a verdict. The total amount for the Provisional Government appointed by Gari- which verdicts were obtained was £324,388, and baldi, it is well to refer back to these facts. rather more than half of it is stated to have been Whatever be the party point of view from which recovered on circuit. Of the writs of execution issued Italian matters may be regarded, this much is during the year for obaining payment 8,142 were sure, that true abnegation—absence of all egotis - against the person , and 14,052 a g ainst the g oods; flea; and narrow prejudices—is to be found just the former constituting surely a very large propor on that side which often is accused of sectarian tion. The work done by the judges "at chambers" tendencies. The men of the popular party—they was very considerable-41,315 summonses were who have suffered imprisonment and exile at the issued, and 10,846 of the orders made are described hands of Piedmont—are tha very men who are as "special orders. ' " 28,300 affidavits were sworn most zealous to carry out that which would seem to or affirmations made ; the office copies required of be the true interest of Piedmont. Against these affidavits or documents filed at chambers extended facts, hollow declamations and defamations are of to 10,667 folios. The "fees levied by the Masters" no.avail. They will only recoil against those who of the three courts amounted to £58,902, out of are mean enough to culminate the living patriot which was paid £38,057 for "salaries, &c.," leaving with the foulest slander, and who persecute the a balance of £20,845. The Suitors' Fund of the martyr even after he is at rest in his gory grave.— common law courts, consisting, we presume, of Morning Advertiser. money paid into court pendente lite, amounted at the, close of the year to £37,023. We have to add that the returns of "proceedings on circuit" ought to be more plain, and that though the preface prefixed to the returns is very useful and convenient, there are one or two obvious errors in it which should be avoided another year. THE COMMON LAW COURTS. THE COMING CENSUS. The Government will be called upon to-morrow to state its determination on the vexed question of that portion of the coming Census relating to " religious profession," and we hope will be pre pared to give a reply that will render further agitation unnecessary. No valid reason has been assigned for departing from the method adopted in 1851, and if the results had only been in favour of Episcopacy, we should not have heard of any pro , posal now to advert to a different method. It cer tainly took the country by surprise to lgarn that the majority of persons actually attending on public worship were Dissenters, and the Bishop of Oxford, well knowing that this fact would operate in a ' manner unfavourable to his schemes, lost no time in denouncing these returns, and asserting that they must be false. From the time when this unfavour able fact *was brought to light there has been a determination to prevent a recurrence to a method which might confirm this unfavourable discovery, and even show after ten years a still larger majo rity in support of Dissent. The determination of the Bishop of Oxford and the strong party of which he is the leader and the life, has placed Lord Palmerston and his Govern ment in a position of very great difficulty. Those who are alarmed at the truth, and have reason to fear that the truth of 1861 will be even less favour able than the truth of 1851, have been very active and persevering in their appeals to the Ministry, and whatever influence they could scrape together they have brought to bear with all its force. The natural fear of the Government is, that it must give dissatisfaction and make enemies whatever course it may take, and in this position it will be the wis dom or Government to look at the question in its real merits, and to make no change merely for the purpose of pleasing a party. Dissenters ask simply that no change may be made, and when political bishops and their supporters call for one they should remember that the onus probandi falls upon them, and the least they can do is to give a good reason, or, if they can, a number of reasons, why the Government should go out of its way, and depart from the course on which it has already entered. COUNTRY MARKETS. NEWARK-JULY 4. Wheat in moderate ;1;;;;To-claY; and the demand was again rather slow. Oats in fair show, and quiet demand. Beans scarce. Very little business passing in barley, and as low in price. -- • -- White wheat, new, 60s to 64s Barley, grinding.. 30s to 329 Red do. sss to 60s Oats, old, . 3os to 34s Old white 6os to 64s New do 28i to 32s Red do. 558 to 60s Beans. 488 to MS Barley, malting... .33s to 458 I Beans. new 468 to 48s Peas, 44s to 48s. HULL-JULY. 3. There was a fair attendance of farmers and factors at this day's market, and the show of wheat was middling, but a slow sale, at a reduction of is per qr. No alteration took place in other articles, and business limited. Wheat.... Old white....per qr . . 6os Od to 61s Od Old red New white .. „ New red .... , Dantzic Konb , ke. old white 53s Od to 57s Od Dutch, Belgian, and French s3s Od.to. 543 Od Baltic and Hamburg, red St. Petersburg and Riga, old 4ss Od to 49s Od Barley.... English malting 3Bs Od to 42s Od Grinding Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish 34s Od to 38s Od Grinding ' 32s Od to 34s Od Oats English, old Archangel and Riga ' per st Os 14d. to 14 id Friesland and Dutch osl4id, to Oalsd Swedish and Danish oBl4d to 081414 AilngliQh, .la, per qr.. 46s Od to 48s Od New pigeon 44s Od to 45s 01 New tick. Egyptian .. 38s Od 'to 40s Od Peas Foreign breakers Grinding Tares ....Spring Indian Corn Ranna _ _ Linseed, feeding 4Bs Od to 52a Od crushing 44s Od to, 50s Od Linseed cakes (Hull) Foreign 8 15 0 to 9 5 0 Rape cakes 5 0 0 to .5 5 0 Bones 5 10 0 to h 15 0 We confess we have not yet heard or read any thing approaching to a good reason why the method of 1851 should not now be repeated. It has been urged that the plan formerly adopted encouraged false returns ; but it is impossible to substantiate such a charge. Certainly that method gave no advantage to the Dissenter which was not given also to the Episcopalian. If Dissen ters could pack the chapel, churchman could as easily pack the church. If the officers of a chapel could exaggerate their numbers, could not the officers of a church do the same ? Something has been said as to certain places, in which greater numbers are reported as being in chapels than could be found in the communities in favour of which they were reported, but the same was affirmed in reference to churches, It is difficult, but not impossible, to adopt some effectual method of checking all these returns; but we must nut suppose the false addition or multiplication •of numbers to be all on one side. We have been told of one church into which 1,000 persons entered on the Census Sunday of 1851, and when a shrewd old Scotch wife heard the statement, she replied that " That kirk must have been a very unlucky one if 1,000 persons entered it, as no one saw above 50 come out." Then, again, it is urged that the actual attend. ance test may operate very unfairly, as many worthy members may be laid up on Census Sunday and unable to attend, and so not be duly reported in favour of the Church. This has been said by the party who are working with the Bishop of Oxford; but need any one tell them that the cause to which they refer must operate quite as much against the Dissenters as against Episcopacy ? We suppose we shall not be told that, while many Church people will bo laid aside and kept from church, all Dis senters will be well enough to go to chapel. We have looked somewhat carefully into the statistics of population for various purposes, but we have not at any time discovered that the rate of sickness is less in the meeting than in the parish church. The Bishop of Oxford is known to be a man of remark able ingenuity, and if any one could make such a discovery, we should certainly expect it from his lordship, and, in the absence of any such light from him, and despairing therefore that it will be ob tained elsewhere, we must consider that this objec tion falls to the ground, not, however, without showing how bad is the case which it was intended to support. The Government will, we hope, not lend itself to the patty by which it is so earnestly besieged. It certainly cannot lend itself to this piece of jobbery without incurring the condemnation of numbers who are accustomed to rank among its warmest sup porters. It is an important fact that no less than 169 members of the House of Commons, all belong ing to the Liberal party, have memorialised the Go vernment against the innovation that has been pro posed. These hon. members say that "the provi sion of the English Census Bill which requires every householder to state his religious profession, and that of all his household, appears to us very objectionable, and we believe it to be highly offen sive to many of our constituents." They state their belief, also, that the inquiry as to religious profes sion will produce no information deserving of re liance, and that, if persisted in, it will seriously in jure the Liberal party and Government, and they therefore heartily recommend that it may be with drawn from the bill. nt will We cannot but hope that the Govern now perceive that its true policy is to cast off those course false friends and advisers who call fora against which, besides the other objections that ii alienate a large it, has this disadvantage—it must i s now remark a phase which number of its supporters. The case Is ably - clear and simple, and it presents a wise decision. renders it very easy to arrive very importunate in Here are two opposite parties which each is anxi ous appeals for the concession parties, and that which to obtain. One of theseethod, is composed of the Op calls for a change o o t h f c ni r of the friends of Government . and Tory measure, the other' measure may be conceded. P and the one asks for a Church no out of Parliament, or will and simply begs that Palmerston disappoint his friends Will Lord in straightforwardand a course, such as they • their confidence and approval? If ie adept and a Supporters quire, his loroUlliP 11 W 0 steps 0111 of his way to gratify have DUBLIN-JULY 3. In consequence of the continued line weather, the trade ruled extremely slow to-day, and at unaltered quotations for all articles, except Indian corn, which was fully is cheaper. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white.. 33 0 to 3 0 Do., red 3l 0 to 33 0 Do., new .... 0 to 0 1 Barley Oats Do., black l5 0 to 15 6 s. d. s. Do., new . 0 to 0 Bere l3 0 to 14 (N Rapeseed Oatmeal l5 0 to 17 6 Bakers' flour Indian. corn. COAL MARK (rriees of Coal per Ton at .ET—Jury 4. the close of the market.;) Walls End. s. d. Tanfield Moor 13 0 Tanfield Moor Butes-13 0 Howard's West Hart- 8. d. South Hartlepool ......17 0 llarton ........16 0 Hetton.... South Hetton —.lB 6 Kelloe .....17 9 Gosforth ....16 0 Stowart's .. 18 6 _ ley 15 6 Lambert's West Hart ley 15 6 Davison's West Hart- lay .15 6 Byass's Bebside West ' Hartley .15 6 Walker Primrose 13 0 Hastings Hartley l5 6 Holywell 15 6 West Hartley l5 6 Eden Main 16 6 Holmside Gas l3 6 Burnhope 13 6 Benton's West Hartley 14 GI Clark's 'West Hartley 15 6 Wylam ... Carway and Duffryn Malting Trimdon Thornley 15 0 Tunstall l6 6 Hartlepool..... lB 0 Hough 11 , 111 .. 16 9 Sheriff Hill 14 6 Russell's Hetton 17 3 South Durham l6 3 Braddyll's Hetton 17 3 Wharncliffe Framwellgate l6 9 Haswell .. 18 6 Cassop l7 6 Keiper Grange ...... . l7 3 Lyon's Stone l6 3 North Hartlepool 15 6 Shincliffe 16 3 West Hetton . . 17 0 Whitworth 16 0 ;, ;104—Sold, 71. Walls End. Acorn Close ..17 0 Eden 17 0 Ships at market, THE MAILS. MAILS DUE. Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South ampton) .. .. .. July 10. Do. (via Marseilles) July 4. Bahamas and Havana (via New York) .. .. Aug. 2. Canada, &c. (via Londonderry) .. .. .. July 4. Capo of Good Hope, &c... .. .. .. Aug. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) July 19. Do. (via Marseilles) July 13. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. .. .. July 10 . India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) . . July july 19. 5. Do. (via Marseilles) July 13. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. . • julY 10. Do. (via Marseilles) • • Lisbon, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, .&. .. July 11. c. .... .. July 4. Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. Julyllo. Do. (via Marseilles) .. Jul United States, California, &e. Western Coast of Africa, Madeira, Teneriffe .. J ul ;,: 5. 3 i. West Indies and Pacific, Carthgena, Cuba, • Sco. J ul _ y 14. (k ia Cork) . . . J u l y _... 4 BIRTHS. BRETT.—On the 2d ins t., at Peckham-r ye, the wife of E. Brett, Esq., of a s on. GOLDSMID.— On the 2d inst., at Dover, the wife of "gill' u uj .—On n lliOd th n o 29th ult., the 28th ult., at Kinridgsoe ' Esq., barrister -at-law, o f a n , mA the 'wife of Captain ld :I a e ndie, It.N , of a daughter.gsb ys the wife of Thomas Young, E sq , of Saekville-street, St. j o t EpNtet G o. o tinr o James's, of a son. MARRIAGES. BADCLYFFE—SAUNDER S oN—On the 3d inst.,_ at St. George's, Hanover -squ are, Ch ar l es Edward Radelyffe, only son of the Rev. C. E, Radelyffe, of South Syden haul, to Constance Albuera, daughter of Colonel and Lady Maria Saunderson, of Clarges-street, London, and Northbrook-house, London. INT T - RANK-.....W / LLIAMS —On the 3d inst.,at P h Kent, John U • • nthantr, Esq., a Master of the Court of Quen's ~,o,Bench, to Mary daughter of the late Lieut•- u tonel Monier Williams. DEATHS. BAI;ER.—On the 28th May, at Beyrout, Syria, the Rev Richard Peace Baker, M.A., many years incumbent of St. Botolph without Aldgate, city, aged 47. B IN - Ns.—On the 3d inst., at the residence of her father, Sir Joshua Walmsley, Wolverton-park, Hants, aged 43, Elizabeth, wife of Charles Binns, Esq., of Claycross Derbyshire. BOWYER.—On the Ist inst., at Dresden, Sir Geo. Bowyer, Bart., aged 78. CAREW.—On the 29th ult., at Crowcombe-cottage, nea r Taunton, John Francis arew, Esq., aged 60. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the musty o f Middlemv, ThurAclay July 5, 1660