The Sun. — London, England, 1829-08-03 00:00:00

SPiltIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. We find that attempts are made to represent the commencing harvest as of an unpromising kind : or probably partial views are taken, and general conclusions too hastily drawn from them. The public will recollect, that we have most faithfully endeavoured to inspire them with the contempt which we feel for the race of political economists, particularly when they condescend to apply their mighty minds to the subject of grain, and the productions of the earth. Your " half-crop," and three-quarter-crop, and crop and-a-quarter gentry, and all that class of per sons, who affect to measure the bounty of Na ture and the gifts of Providence every year almost to a grain, are, without exception, knaves and humbugs ; and honest men, wherever they meet them, and hear them put forth their impu dent pretensions, ought to pelt them with mud. It will be readily supposed that we receive many communications from all parts of this and the sis ter island on the appearance of grain, from the time that it first appears above ground till it is housed ; and owr inference from all these in the present year would be, that wheat and barley both are abundant; except on the light lands, and it is to the stronglands that England chiefly looks for its support. We spoke of the other crops on Friday, and to what we then said we might have added, that the second crops of clover are excessive; so that though the hay-harvest has been sufficiently touchy, there can be no want of that article. But now the present season also seems sufficiently unsettled for reaping and housing grain. How will it be got in, if the weather continues as it is at present ? Not well, we can assure the public by all that class of people who are called gentlemen farmers, who have taken up the trade for an amus e m en t, and even written books upon it. There is none but the thorough-bred English farmer that can con tend with a difficult season, and snatch his crop, not, as it were, from the fire, but from the water, and house it dry, in spite of the opposi. tion of nature. This will not _be done by squires, who close their university educations in fox-hunting and farming ; and then, when they fail in this last employment, raise an immense clamour, that farming is a losing concern, and the agricultural interests oppressed and ruined. The injury that the country has suffered, and is suffering still, by this class of people, exceeds all credibility; and we fervently hope that farm ing will continue to be the concern that they represent it, till they are crushed out of the em ployment, and it reverts to proper hands. First of all, the crop, that the gentleman does raise with his bailiffs, and land-agents, and hosts of smooth fingered babblers, that neither know how to hold a plough nor draw a furrow, he raises at more than twice the expense that is necessary, and when he has raised it be does not knovt how to get it in, should the season prove difficult, which Is the case in this climate, probably, three years in five. But it may be said, that many farms are thrown up, nay, falsehood and exaggeration would represent whole tracts of country in this state; and what can the landlord then do but take his farms into his own bands? Answer: He should lower the rent. But the practical farmer will not take the land at any rate ; he will not occupy it rent-free :—(this, by the way, is not true ; but even allowing it)—then we answer, the owner should have lowered his rent long ago, and not driven his tenant to work the land out of all heart, and render it worthless for years to come, in order to pay up a rent inappro priate to the altered condition of the country.— But how, then, could the squire discharge his taxes ? By diminishing his expenses. The taxes generally would have been better paid up if the condition of the farmer had been rendered easy, because the great mass of taxes is paid by the great body of the people, and not by squires and peers.— Times. A great many of our brother Journalists puzzle themselves and their readers a little un profitably, to ascertain from which side the advances came, which led to a recent fruitless negociation. We apprehend that no advances, properly so called, were made by either party. The simple fact was, that a distinguished young Nobleman took occasion to express his regret at the political estrangement which resulted from the protracted and animated discussions on the eternal Catholic Question, in the presence of a gentleman well known to possess the confidence of the Premier, and also personally intimate with the Nobleman already mentioned—the sa gacious auditor imparted those regrets to his principal, and was permitted to use his discre tion in furthering, what was considered extremely desirable, an acquisition of an important interest. At first things wore the most favourable aspect, but, in the course of the negociation, difficulties were started, and conditions proposed which were considered unreasonable, and, as every body knows, the thing proved a failure. It is whis pered that the suggestions of a veteran politi cian, one of the malcontent emeriti, who un luckily happened to be consulted, led to this un toward result. The return of a near connection of one of the parties to England, after a pro tracted absence, is looked for with considerable anxiety, as it is perfectly well known that on cer tain subjects his sentiments do not exactly har monise with those of the person who, in the course of nature, must succeed to his ample hereditary honours.--Morning Chronicle. We lately noticed a very ingenious pamphlet, " Sketch of a Proposal for Colonizing Austra lasia, &c.," and the more we have reflected on the scheme of the author, the more we are satis- fled that he has hit on a very important improve ment in colonization. We regret exceedingly that the excessive grant to Mr. Peel, at the Swan River, should have withdrawn that promising Settlement from the means which the Govern- merit might have possessed, of regulating grants of lands in such a way as to connect a Colony intimately with the Mother Country. The whole of the author's scheme hin ges on th e concentra- tion of the population, through the mode of dis tributing the land ; and Mr. Peel having already obtained an enormous tract, may or may not forward any enlightened scheme that might be approved of. The inhabitants of an old country like England can hardly form a conception of the extent of the loss of labour in a new colony from the want of concentration. In the South Afri can Advertiser of May 6, received yesterday, we have, in a very able article, some serious state ments with respect to this point. " The fanner (says the writer) in South Africa can now calculate upon a ready market and a good price for his produce in Cape Town, or at any sea port in the colony. Wheat, during the last six months, has fetched here from ninety to one hun dred and thirty dollars a load of ten muids; oats thirty dollars. If the farmer received this as ajar of the taxes and bur 'e; and the man who the arable land in his plough, would deserve tasty travelle r s an d more him. In Europe, when Ithe fanner has reaped and beaten out his grain, his toil and expences are nearly over. Easy roads, the neighbourhood of a town, or a navigable river, re . ' lieve him from further care. He receives money at his door even for his straw and chaff. He can thus employ the whole of his capital, labour, and skill, on the improvement of his land without intermission throughout the year. Hence the perfection of agri culture, the wealth and prodigious numbers of the population in those countries. " But in South Africa, at the end of the harvest the labours and expences of the farmer, so far from being ended, may be truly said to have only begun. The conveyance of his produce to the nearest mar ket, in most cases, being three times more laborious and expensive titan the production of it. It is this peculiarity in South African agriculture that has chiefly retarded its progress. It may suit the reader's purpose to go a little into detail—for the solid anti lasting prosperity of the colony will keep pace with the means successfully used to cheapen and facilitate conveyance both by land and sea. " We shall omit for the present extreme cases, and suppose a farm capable of producing 500 maids of wheat to be situate somewhere on the Berg River, among the Piquet Mountains, near Tulbagh, or in the Boschjesveld. The supposed farmer must have, for the purpose of conveyance alone, five wag gons, one hundred and fifty trained oxen, five drivers, and five leaders. This large establishment is indis pensable to the farmer as a carrier, because the time of conveyance is limited by his farming opera tions to three months in the year. Could he con tinue despatching his produce to market all the year round, only one fourth would be required. But in December all hands are busy with his harvest. In April and May he must give some rest to his cattle, to recruit their strength for ploughing in June and July, when the rains overtake him, and he has no time to lose. In August, September, and October, he must fallow, unless he renounces all claim to an abundant crop, or to any crop at all, except on new land. The remaining months, January, February, and March, can only be taken for transporting his produce, and these are the very worst for this pur pose of all the months in the year. The pasture is at that season burnt up, the streams, springs, and rivers dry. This forces him always to change his team on his return home, not to mention the loss by death of many of his oxen. If he conveys to town five loads, or fifty muids weekly, lay accidents out of the calculation, he w ill be occupied from ten weeks to three months in business quite distinct from his profession as a farmer." The writer then enters into a series of calcula tions, from which it appears that the charges of transport alone are 2,138 rix dollars out of 4,500 rix dollars, the price of 500 muids of wheat ; and from the remaining 2,362 rix dollars, must be deducted all his other charges—viz. . Interest upon his corn farm. 2. Interest upoi ais cattle farm. 3. Interest and risk of his horses employed in treading out the wheat. 4. Clothes and provisions for himself; family, and horses. 5. The necessary implements of agriculture, &c. .e any one make the calculation (adds the writer) he will obtain but too satisfactory an explana. tion of the slow progress of agriculture, and the apparent apathy of the farmers. The example, too, supposes the farmers to possess at least twenty thousand dollars in money, besides the property of an extensive estate ; but such farmers bear a very small proportion to the numbers who enter on business with only a few thousand dol lars in money, with a mortgaged property, who have not the means of transporting their grain, which may rot. The supposed farmer is also within three days' travel of Cape Town, and what becomes of the wheat raised at a distance of six or twelve days ? By allowing colonists to scatter themselves over the face of an extensive country, there is thus an immense loss of labour. The author of the pamphlet to which ,we have alluded has suggested a means of obviating this great evil, namely, the imposing a rent on all land to be granted, which rent should be made applicable to the conveyance of labourers from this country. The reason why no rent is exi gible for land in America is, because it was granted too lavishly. By limiting the supply of land, the Government, like all other monopo lists, can fix its own price ; and the object should be to fix such a rent as would force concentra- tion, and consequently facilitate accumulation. Every emigrant from England facilitates and ex tends cultivation, and furnishes in additional rent, additional means for the conveyance of emigrants. In this way extended colonial cul tivation and extended emigration from England go hand in hand, and aid each other. But there is another important consequence from that con centration of the population, and that is the im possibility of dissolving the connection with the Parent State. Had the population of our North American Colonies been kept closely together from the influence of a system of this kind, all revolt would have been impossible. It was not the strength, but the weakness, of America which defended her. We could have no hold of a people scattered over an immense territory. But by connecting the growth of a Colony with the Mother Country, by a system which renders them as dependent on each other as country and town in an old country, there would be no other motive for revolt than what exists in all extended Empire where delegated power feels its respon sibility weakened. The example of Rapp's, and all other Societies in America, show of what mmense importance concentration is to the rapid ucrease of wealth. The American Government sought, indeed, according to some of the official impels, to effect a concentration through the Tariff. But this was compelling the population, without the advantage of cheap labour, to tax itself heavily in the additional price of goods, at the present time, for the sake of futurity. The population beiwg already scattered, the Tariff could only retard accumulation by rendering labour less productive.—/bid. Information having been received by the civil uthorities that a rencontre was to take place at the fairo f O'Brien's Bridge, county of Clare, on Saturday, between two murdering factions, Sir Hucu DILLON MASSY, Bart. accompanied by nine other Magistrates, and Lieut. BINDON, and the constabulary force, with 50 of the 60th Rifles, under Captain GOLDFRAF, repaired thither, and by their presence prevented disturbance : however, about six o'clock, at the close of the fair, an unoffending young man, about 18 years of age, of the name. of Jonsf FARRELL, a most industrious and peaceable farmer, from Barbane, near Broadford, was knocked down by a blow on the head from a short lead.loaded bludgeon, which the assassin drew from his small-clothes pocket, and whilst his victim was on the ground, gave him repeated strokes of it across the small of the back. The unfortunate young man had his skull fractured so severely that he died in the course of the night. After the deed, the assassin very deliberately replaced his weapon, and notwithstanding he was seen to commit the deadly tact, and was personally known to several by-standers, he was suffered to walk off without the slightest interruption. Subsequently, however, every ex ertion was used by the police to apprehend him, but he has as yet eluded detection. It is asserted that this fellow has been employed on similar occasions, and that lie was associated that day with a gang who were armed with like weapons (some of which were taken from them by the magistrates), and that other victims were marked out for destruction, which the judicious arrangements adopted by the civil authorities alone prevented from being carried into operation. The deceased never had any quarrel or dispute whatever with his murderer, and it is said the latter did not know upon whom he was to operate, till pointed out by the person who had employed him. This is a shocking proof of the depravity of the lower orders, and we trust the perpetrators will be brought to that punishment which so foul a deed merits.—Limerick Chronicle. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. HANSI ON-HOUSE ROBBERY AT THE NORWICH UNION INSURANCE OFFlCE.—Gilbert Witt, a youth about seventeen, was finally examined before the LORD AIAVOR, on the capital charge of stealing a cash-box, containing 75/. in sovereigns, 6/. 7s. 6d. in silver, a Bunk of England note for 401., two bills of exchange for 17/. 16s. and 221., and an I. 0. U. for .51., the pro perty of his employers, and in the dwelling-house of Robert John Bunyon. Several witnesses were examined. The prisoner said nothing in his defence, and the Lord Mayor committed him to Newgate for trial on the capital charge. GUILDHALL. STAGE • COACH PA RCELS.—John Steadman was brought before Mr. Alderman A NSLEY, charged with having fraudulently obtained the sum of 3s. 6d. under false pretences. The Alderman remolded the prisoner till to morrow. mer, % sh .2 uld he ar no more t heti§„ 1 1 1 437ilag i ieultur, ~ t . . e, he .. ~- Av ' he ' - re ed h 77 Ir . :. ~. ~, ribilff , ' 7„.,;,,, 14,,, , , :;,-1,1, ROW-STREET. William Chapvell, a young fellow in the dress of a sweep, but who does not belong to that useful fra ternity, was charged with stealing a silver watch, value .51. The prisoner, who declined saying any thing in his defence, was committed to Newgate for trial. HATrON.GARDEN. COMMISSIONERS AND CONSTABLES.—IMPORTANT bECISION.—Toseph Cadby, constable of Sr. James's parish, Clerkenwell, was a week ago brought before Mr. LAING, at this office, charged by the Commis- sioners with refusing to pay a fine which had been by them imposed upon him, for negligence of duty on a particular occasion, when his name was entered as officer of the night. Cadby contended that the Commissioners had no right of themselves to exact the 10% as a fine. The Commissioners in reply said, it was their usual practice to levy fines in this way—that they had hitherto considered themselves entitled by law to do so; and whenever a constable refused to pay, they had him brought before a Magistrate, and in every case the fine had been confirmed. Mr. LAING recommended the Commissioners to summon Cadby in the usual form, which was done, and the summons was heard last Saturday. The evidence of Cadby's absenting himself from the watch-house on the night stated was given by Thomas Camp, superintendent, and John Banatyne, houseman, which proved the offence, Mr. LAING said, that he considered the previous practice of the Commissioners, in similar cases, to be founded in error. The Act admitted of a pe nalty being exacted in cases of negligence on the part of the constables ; but it was evident, from the wording of the Act, that the Commissioners had olds the right to claim a fine, but the claim must be by them brought before a Magistrate, who alone had the power legally to inflict the penalty; that is to say, the Commissioners could not enforce a fine without the authority of a Magistrate. The defendant tendered a defence, which was not considered sufficient. Mr. LAING ordered him to pay a fine of 7s. anc he costs. The Commissioners said, that now, since they were made aware of the proper way to act, they would adopt the same procedure in future. INFORMERS.—Grace, a man of rather respectable appearance, considering his new calling, made his first essay as an informer, at this office, on Saturday, to prosecute the landlady, a widow, of the King's Head, Royston-street, for keeping a disorderly house, and for serving liquor at past twelve o'clock, on a particular night. His witness, Bodgier, a shoemaker, residing at Walworth, detailed the facts, and swore, that on the night in question he was served with gin and with beer, and that a number of persons were then drinking h the parlour at half-past 12 o'clock. The landlady pleaded not guilty. Mr. Mitchell stated that he kept a private theatre iii that neighbourhood for the amusement of himself and friends, and on that particular night four gen t! !men had come from a distance, and witness be spoke beds for them at the King's Head. At a little past twelve o'clock he and his friends went to the public-house; the landlady had made preparations for their reception. He recollected Bodgier, from his accent resembling that of a Dublin quayman, and he forced his way into the house when the door was opened for the other party. Witness and his friends slept at the King's Head. There was no one else in the house who was a stranger, nor did any one leave the house after witness and his friends were admitted. The landlady refused to serve Bodgier. Read, the senior officer, said that the house was well known to him ; and lie had known the landlady and her late husband for many years, and they had always maintained a most excellent character. The Ki►ig's Head had always been reported as being conducted in a strictly orderly manlier. Several other respectable witnesses corroborated the statement of Read, sen. Mr. LAING—I shall dismiss the complaint. Baker, likewise a recent practitioner on his own ac count, as an informer, appeared with a boyish-look ing, shabby, foppish youth, named Smith, to press two informations against the landlord of the Grape s , in a court in Newcastle -street, Strand, for keeping a disorderly house, and for serving liquor between two and three o'clock in the morning. Smith gave distinct evidence as to facts, and stated that he saw twelve persons at the bar drink ing, eight of whom he knew to be prostitutes. Tlie witness was very particular as to several minute in cidents. A number of respectable witnesses proved that the house was a watering-house for hackney coachmen, that it was conducted with scrupulous decorum, and that no man could be more particular than the landlord as to whom he served at the bar nt a late hour. One witness swore to positive con tradictions of several of Smith's minute incidents. Duke, the officer, stated that no house was better conducted. Mr. LAING—I shall dismiss the information. Baker succeeded in making two convictions against a widow, one of 40s. and one of 205., on a similar complaint. MARYLEBONE The sitting Magistrates, Messrs. GRIFFITHS and Ilosxris, were occupied a great portion of Saturday afternoon in investigating a charge of fraud, " for unlawfully disposing of pawnbrokers' tickets left in trust," contrary to the provisions of an Act of Par liament, chap. 93, sec. 4, introduced by Mr. Peel during the last Session. It appeared from the evi dence of the complainant, a Mrs. Appieyard, that through the medium of a friend she was introduced to the defendant, Mr. Myers, of No. 11, Hounds ditch, who agreed to advance a sum of money on condition that security should be given. Complainant produced 70 duplicates for property of value, con sisting of jewellery, plate, &c. The sum required was .51., but the defendant said that he would not advance more than two sovereigns, promising at the time not to redeem the articles, but to return the duplicates when the money borrowed should be re paid. On the faith of the defendant's promise complainant consented to the arrangement, but to her astonishment, when she sent her servant to Mr. Baker's, pawnbroker, Upper George-street, Port man-square, to pledge other articles, she was told the property previously pledged by her mistress had been taken out; this led the complainant to make an enquiry, which convinced her the defendant had broken his promise. Among the many articles pledged was a shawl, which cost a short time pre vious 18 guineas, a valuable opera cloak, &c. In support of the above statement, a gentleman, named Fellows, proved that he i n t ro d uce d t h e com plainantpromised tnootthteo take the prope r ty out o f pawn., who, in his presence, The tickets were to be kept one month, which would expire on the 17th instant; instead, however, of so doing, he took them out the next day. Mr. GRlFFlTits—This is decidedly a fraud. Defendant—l have several witnesses to prone that the articles are not sold. Mr. GRIFFITHS-I care not for that; I shall send the case to the Sessions; it is a gross a.id con templated fraud; but you may call your witnesses. A persen named Harris, of No. 5, Bury-street, St. Mary Axe, deposed, that he had the property, and would give it up on payment of the sum ad vanced, and the contingent expenses. Mr. GRIFFITHS (to defendant)—l shall send you to trial at the Sessions; and I will take care you give good bail, and due notice of who they are. The defendant was then removed in the custody of the gaoler. LAMBETH-STREET. Mr. Alexander Crawford appeared to answer the complaint of a Miss Miller, who charged him with assaulting her. From the statement of the com plainant, it appeared that some time since she had formed an acquaintance with the defendant in Scot land, with whom she lived under a promise of mar riage. He brought her to London; they lived for several months together, when at length he deserted her. She subsequently was taken under the pro tection .of another gentleman, and since that time she had been perpetually annoyed by the defendant, and on Monday last was assaulted by him. The defendant admitted the connection, but de nied the assault. The fact was that he had called upon her on the day she mentioned, and she attacked him in the most violent manner. He, to prevent her, merely put up hie , open hand, and this was the assault of which she complained. An elderly gentleman, of sanctified appearance, several times during die course of the inquiry en deavoured to interpose in favour of the fair com plainant. - His anxiety attracted the attention of Mr. Wyatt, and he asked who he was ? The defendant replied that he was the .successor in Miss M.'s affections, and her present protector. Mr. WYATT observed that this accounted for his interference, but that he could scarcely have ima gined that so demure a personage would keep a concubine. The defendant having pledged himself not to re peat his visits to the complainant, the case was dis posed of, and she walked off arm-in-arm with her venerable Lothario. A GREASY THlEF.—Joseph Stebbings, son of a wholesale dealer in bullocks' heads, in Whitechapel, was charged with stealing a quantity of fat from the slaughter-house of Mr. Joseph Allway, a master butcher, in Red Lion -street, Aldgate. The prisoner, who said nothing in defence, was fully committed to Newgate for trial. UNION-HALL Several persons, who are proprietors of shops for the sale of intermediate beer, were summoned for allowing ale and beer to be drunk on their premises, contrary to the statute. The first defendant was Thomas Ford. The in former's witness proved that he was served with half a pint of intermediate beer on the premises. He was fined EL John Palmer, who had an awning in the front of his house, under which people sat and drank the in termediate beer and smoked their pipes was fined 71. Another information against the same defendant was withdrawn, upon his paying 405.t0 the poor-box. James Mann, who has a shed or covered place in front of his house, in Temple-place,Blackfriars-road, under which a number of both sexes congregate in the evening to drink and smoke, was fined 71. THE NIGER. (From the Literary Gazette.) SIR,—An article has appeared in the Quar- ten ll Review, which conveys so erroneous a view of what a late publication of mine—on the " Course and probable Termination of the Niger" —really is, that I beg leave, through your Jour nal, to make the following observations, in the hope that they may meet the eyes of some of those who may see the critique and not my book. My censor begins by stating, that my " con clusions are contrary to known facts ;" and soon after we are told, that " the Greek, Roman, and Arab (authors), having no personal know ledge of this subject, ran riot in speculative geo graphy, and for want of facts, indulged in the wildest fancies." Now, many of the facts on which I have reasoned were drawn from those Greek, Latin, and Arab writers ; I supposing, as others had done before me, that those writers were entitled to some credit ; but I find myself suddenly de prived of all aid from them by the above sweep ing anathema, and Herodotus and Ptolemy fall out of my hands, as insignificant personages as " fortemque Gyan, fortetnque Cloanthum." Here then I err—not in drawing " conclu sions contrary to facts," but in citing as facts the " fancies" of dreaming authors ! This is a destruction of a literary material for which I con fess I was not prepared : but as a considerable portion of my work is founded on facts taken from these condemned authors, I hope and be lieve it will not be found that I have come to false conclusions on those facts. But it appears afterwards, that some of the " known facts," in defiance of which I have come to my conclusions, relate to the course of the Niger as detailed in Captain Clapperton's last journey; and my censor contends, that the Niger or Quorra does not flow into the Tchad by the Ycon, but, if at all, by the Shary. I need hardly say, that before I published a work on the Niger, I had read what Denham and Clapperton had written ; and, as well as I re collect here, Denham was so convinced that the Ycon was the Niger, that he sent a bottle of its water to a friend as the true Niger water ; and the weight of testimony that the Yeon is the Niger still appears to me to be so strong, that my opinion remains unshaken. Indeed, if any reliance is to be placed either on Major Denham's map, or on his account of his jour ney to Mandara, the junction of the Quorra or Niger with the Shary is impossible. However, let the Niger run into the Tchad by the Shary —all I ask is, let it run into the Tchad by any channel—for a most material part of my Dis sertation turns on the channel which I think I have proved to flow out of Me Tchad to the eastward,—a circumstance of the greatest im portance ; for, if I have shown the existence of such a channel, whither does it conduct the Niger ? I thought I had found an undoubted recipient for it in the Nile of Bornou ; but the Quarterly Review tells me, to my surprise, that I must not reckon on any such river (p. 225 !) for that the only known rivers in Bornou are the Yeon and the Shary : at the same time, too, the lake Domboo is pronounced a non-entity ! To be thus deprived of rivers, lakes, and authors, to which all writers on African geography have hitherto been accustomed to look up as en tities and certainties, leaves me with very scanty materials indeed for a dissertation on the Niger ; and all I can do is to appeal from such a dictum to the authorities I have cited on the subject of the Nile of Bornou and the lake Domboo, in the exist ence of both of which I continue to believe. Next comes a remark—parenthetically--that the Niger and Nile of Bornou must ,‘ run a little up hill, to be sure," to reach the Gulf of Sidra. We are not told how this slope upwards towards the coast is known or has been ascer tained. My belief is, that Africa, like most other countries, falls towards its coasts ; and in my hypothesis of the Niger running into the Gulf of Sidra—for I give it as an hypothesis only, even in my title-page, although I am dealt with as if I had advanced it as a fact—l suppose that river to be still in its ancient deep bed, though covered over with sand in the catastrophe des cribed by Herodotus, but of whose authority I have been deprived in the general proscription of the Greeks and Romans. A river so covered over by sand may surely be supposed to continue its way to the sea in its old bed, without running up hill. And as to the state in which Messrs. Beechey are said (Quarterly Review, p. 238) to have found the coast, I have no where implied that now the influx of the Niger was visible from " plashy quicksands :" on the contrary, if the river be there at all, it must be covered over by hills of consolidated sand, the accumulation of ages, and which are still accumulating ; and any one who will look into_ my Dissertation will see a I _river, not " running up hill," but hills running over a river; or, in plain words, hills of sand have come to and covered the river. But this notion of water " running up hill" was too good a joke to be lost, although to me it had not the charm of novelty, having been let off on me many weeks ago, and answered by me at the time as I have here 'answered it. I wish when the writer of the article in the Quarterly was pleased to designate me (p. 327) as " Atm , cus Plato," he had recollected that there was a still more important personage in the sentence —an " Arnica" but who appears to have been saerified for a joke, and that a stale One ! As I have not Messrs. Beechey's work here, nor indeed have I any books—l cannot say how far off, nor in what direction, is placed the rocky range, 400 or 500 feet high, on the skirts of the Desert (p. 258) ; but if these rocky hills be continuous, and if they cross my assumed course of the river, there is an end of my hy pothesis, and I shall abandon it as readily as I took it up, whenever it is disproved by facts; but if this range be, as I conjecture it to be, at a considerable distance from the coast, nothing short of an actual inspection of the range itself can prove it to be confirm ous. And, after all, supposing this range really to be in -the way, have I not as great a claim to an opening in it as my censor has to suppose one in the:great central chain, which is many thousand feet high, and above a hundred miles broad, to let through the Quarra into the Bight of Benin (p. 239) to join the Formosa, which makes such advances up the country, by what authority I know not, in the map appended to Captain Clapperton's book ? I am further censured for speaking slightly of D'Anville and Rennell. I appeal to my book i❑ proof of my having spoken of them with the greatest respect. But when I have shown that in regard to the Ptolemian geography these dis tinguished geographers have committed no fewer than ten material errors (I could have much in- creased the number), citing Ptolemy as their au thority—surely when I saw that Ptolemy gave no such authority, I was not to be deterred by great names from doing justice to the Alexan drian philosopher. But I must hasten to conclude, and leave many points unanswered ; particularly the attack on my rectification of Ptolemy's longitude. The merits of this part of the subject can be under stood only by reading what both have said. I must just observe, however, that my reasonings and facts on this subject are by no means con fined to the western coast, but affect the whole of the interior of Africa, the geography of which I have rectified, as far as Ptolemy is concerned, by drawing his first meridian through the west ernmost of the Cape Verds ; and the number of concordant instances cited by me seems to place this part of my dissertation on a foundation little short of demonstration ; whereas, if the first me ridian be drawn through Ferro, my censor will find, if Ptolemy is to be listened to at all, that a number of places mentioned by that geogra pher, some of which I have noticed, would be transferred into the valley of the Nile of Egypt; and this will still be the result, even after ad-' mitting the proposition made in the Quarterly Review, of paring away several degrees of lon gitude from the western coast (p. 231); for, however this paring away may affect the coast and the mouth of the Salathus, it leaves all my reasoning on the interior untouched. I have now only to notice two complimen tary passages which have got, I know not by what chance, into the phial of wrath which has been poured out on my small octavo, and which appeared like oases in the desert—but like oases which are not presented to the African wan derer until every attempt had been made to beat out his brains and to render him insensible to even the most refreshing breeze. But one of these compliments is loaded with a rider—it is that in which the writer is pleased to say that I am " a scholar ;" but immediately to this sup posed scholarship is attributed my predilection for " ancient classical authorities." Although I feel that my title to scholarship is. very slender, I plead guilty to the charge of the predilection of which I am accused ; but not guilty to the charge of " disregard to modern authdrities." If I have cited in my work Herodotus and Ptolemy, I have also cited Denham and Clap perton, and, unhappily for him, Browne, who, though a modern, falls under the anathema (p. 235). However, my scholarship, humble as I know it to be, will not allow me to subscribe to the critique on the word TUVEI32.XXEDO. I have no Greek author or lexi con with me, but, taking the word crt,u,Pai.),.co as it strikes me now, I cannot persuade my,elf that it means to " suppose" or to " conjecture," in the sense given to it in the Quarterly Re view. The preposition and the verb com posing the word mean neither more nor less than " to throw together," in Latin con and jacio— out of which I cannot, by any analogy, make any thing like " conjecture" or " supposition." I believe, indeed, the word sometimes means to " consider ;" but then the word " consider" has no reference to opinion or " conjecture," but to a deep operation of the mind when it is wholly condensed and fixed on one subject ; in which sense I think I have met with it either. in Aristotle or Thucydides: but I here speak un der correction, as I trust wholly to memory and a faint recollection. But I will here finish by expressing my hope that those who may read the critique will for bear to make up their minds till th e y h ave looked into the work criticised. I hope and be lieve that it is written without any thing like pretension, and I cannot help 'flattering myself, that those who may read my Dissertation will acquit me of the sweeping accusation of having " come to conclusions contrary to known facts." I remain, Sir, &c. Margate, July 24, 1829. R. S. DONKIN. SUMMER ASSIZES. OXFORD CIRCUIT—OXFORD, JuiX ` 3l ' DOE ON THE DEMISE OF DOLLIER " 1 " .1 0 ; Mr. Serjeant PARKE stated the case. an action of tjecttnenr, brought to recover ale session of Certain pr e mis es a nd l an d i n the Dri l y Lion of the defendant, under the following stances :—The plaintiff- and the defendant 'it brothers-in-law, having married two sisterf,cer daughters of a man named Hollier, who gave ;or veyance of the property to the defendant. ft° time afterwards the property was re-confeY e • jet the defendant to Holli e r, up on rece i v i n g a cen'' tion of 4.31., but he still continued i n posse -551°1; 1 r tenant to Hollier, his father-in-law. S 0111° :' afterward., the defendant had occ a sion to PO - e settlement in the parish in which he residetl,4o°, which occasion he was lent the deed of re s h veyance. On h's examination at the Sessi ° ,;,, deposed, and his wif e al so gave s i m il a r testir tl ;;- that be had burnt the deed. Subsequent to llollier made a conv e y a nc e o f t h e p ro pertY t° son-in-law Coles, the present plaintiff, and ur rl y death the present action was b ro u g h t , the dell t h' having all along r e mai ne d i n p osses sion 0! property. t ie d The Jury, after hearing evidence, retur mkt for the defendant. There was one Special Jury cause ente red trial—Norris. v. Knapp—which was a case of be of promise o f marr i age; b ut i t wag CornpVT l shortly before it was called on. COUN TRY CORN MARKETS• DURING LAST WEEK. Wheat. Barley. 1 Oats. t ° Per Quarter. Ca►lisle Carmarthen liexham. s. to s, ti. to s. 42 8. to S. 66 40 fit 70 27 33 (4 • 74 36 33 65 • 33. 63 79 3', 46 52 70 132 38 s. d. s. d. b. d. F. d. 98 10 4 4 . 8 54 110 H 3 0 0 00 80 100 40 43 11 0' 11 4 00 00 86 89 ,50 52 96 10 41 4 8 52 IS - 18 2 5 26 31 Morpeth ..,----- Penrith -- Sheffield Winchester Per Bushel. Coventry Newcastle (Staff.) Northallcrten Stafford -- 24 31 l 9 23 a.d. B. d. 30 43 40 44 23 26 44 46 32 34 30 43 Swansea --- Warwick -- Per 8011. Barnardeastle Darlington Durham Wolsinghatn 19 0 21 6 18 0 21 0 15 0 20 6 17 0 20R 00 110 90 106 9 0 10 3 H 0 90 66 8 6 59 76 56 86 60 76 NIANCHESIER CORN MARKET.—Aug. 1 * io° We have had occasional rain durin g th e wee K; ,, c eo ever, it had very little eff e ct oa the minds of the ' ll 'o a most artieles.of G ra i n , M a lt, or Fl our , h a ve v e `, l o ,,k', tionary in price. Th e a tt en d ance o f millers en' „ was exceedingly s ma ll t o -d a y ; we h a d likewienl o o show of Wheat. The day being exceedingly fine the trade to rul e • h eav y a t l as t S atur d ay ' s ra t e s. " e was a shade lower. Th ere was rat h er more d e li, Oats for the interior, a t l as t week's prices. Boifig remain nominal. K r B eans more money is de0 ,31 : 1 ,,,11 however, the few sales m a d e must b e note d as 00 thlio' week. The maltsters appear anxious to quit e; Malt, therefore it must be considered a shade lelver Oatmeal as last ; o 'o Quar. of S 114' 1 8. d. to a. il. 4 . , ; 73 9 7 5 „I sii 70 2 72 v Q`9! 66 7 70 ! ~,:11, , ,% 68 4 74 4 ''?' 61 9 88 „ 4 o& 64 2 69 „'" Pd? 62 4 (33 s 'i 68 4 71 4 ,t 4 i 41 0 42 11 2 7 4 37 4 3 7 Pi r. 35 5 36 I r , 29.10 3 1 8 'Ol 29 1 ,g 0•, 31 1 g 26 1 27 4 r 21 10 05 1 —o 0 Flour is full .24. per sack cheaper. Customary Bushel. Wheat (10Ib.) s. d. tos. it. English, Old.-- 10 3 10 6 Fine 9 9 10 3 —Second Runs 9 3 9 9 Scotch & Welch 9 6 10 4 Irish, Fine Old 9 0 9 6 8 11 - 9 7 Inferior 8 8 810 Foreign, Flee 9 6 10 4 Barley (601 b ) English, Fine Irish Inferior for grinding 4 9 Oats (451 b.) English, Fine Poland ......... 4 0 Scotch, Potatoe 4 0 Irish, for Stealing —..--. 3 6 Provender-- 3 4 Foreign, Ohl 0 0 Pease (Imp. Bosh.) Blue, (boilers) 0 `Vhite (ditto) — 1 4 6 4 9 136 0 38 ",i . tOr deans (Imp. Qr.) s. d. to a. d. (Per S ac k 28 01 b 5. ) " English, Finc 44 0 45 0 Flour ' Norfolk and . , Inferior.. 12 0 44 0 Foreign S y n o ffb a l i k .: Fi Fi n n e e 4 6 9 1 o u o Irish, Old 40 40 0 0 4 4 2 1 0 0 Seconds 4 3 0 Malt (per load of 6 Imp. Bush.) 49 Ifri „ 0 jz . Nottingham, fine— 44 45 0 , --Superfine 0 • Yorkshire 43 0 44 —Heated or stale 46 0 Irish and Inferior... 38 0 39 0 Per load of 2401 Ix ogl Per Sack of 2801 b. Imp. Oatmeal, English.....„:"' 0 f i3 Flour, Notts. Fine 51 0 52 0 -- j Scotch & Irish ~u 0 r Sup. 53 0 54 0' Feeding 5 9 5 1 4 10 4 3 4 2 3 8 9 6 t 0' Pill WAKEFIELD CORN M A RKET.--July 3.•,, , e • h._ bl There is a good supply of Wheat up the river" - 0 0 14 7,:72 , day, chiefly foreign, and the farmers have brough t - " 1 had thei than fur several week's past; the best samples d gist i in fair request at an advance of Is. per quarter, an 0 t it "' has been rather more doing in other descriptions re . tr : l t same improvement in pri ces . G o od f res h Oats a re ,PI ; dearer. Beans dull sa l e a t l a t e p r i ces . M a lt is fe r l eel We had a considerable quantity of rain last FridsY ei te t i : ing, and on Wed nes d a y it ra i ne d th e w h o l e day ; 1 11 day was showery, hut to-day is very fine and drY' t it ) ks, best crops of Wheat are partially laid, and hol e ' .. not be general here in less than three weeks. „„ e tte.' Wheat, lied, Norfolk and Suffolk...s3s. 575. to 625. „„,'" 6.* Lincolnshire 565. to 595. fine "r„, le, Yorkshire, &c. ..... ....565. 598. to MS. 1, -- e rgr „ - White... ........ .. ..... ............565. 645. to 675. 4 11 ,," e f& peel Foreign, Old so s. 565. to 635. , ; "„ - e 0 ; ',,,. RM. Barley, Norfolk anti Suffolk - ik t „ - Lincolnshire 26s. to 305. R - e r - h. - Yorkshire Wold 29s. to 335. " e s l '' 4 - Foreign 24s. to 2 9 5 ,1 1 :,e 3 / 4 . 114 Beans, Old New 36s. to 388. " 5 0. fll Oats, Potato 2ss. to 295. a fi fi n e e " . titl i - Poland 20s. 255. to 285. " A - n eri -- „„ Whi - Frierland and Small 2os. 225. to 255. i''ott,t - t - Meallng l.2!id. to 14}4d. Pe r , yert I t ' l l Shelling l2s. to 335. 6d. P e ' jpv; .llv Malt 2.4 Pe r p i ' 6 ' _ 355. 40s, fine 4 , - .411 Rapeseed ... 231. Os. 261. Os. 281. 03. Pet 'CII 31 Wheat. fit ' -- $ 0 %jo t 33 41 •••• p rt 40 t c , , ,lIK E,,_.,;1 SCO Barley I Oats. I Beans ___.—.,---- Aberdeen -- 56 70 27 35 26 27 Berwick-- 48 52 25 26 19 20 21 2 _, 5 Coldstream 48 52 25 27 18 21 25 ' 4 2, Cupar —,.— 66 70 50 36 24 27 27 Dundee 69 29 Elgin —..—. 6i 72 21 24 20 23 19 20 3.1 Inverness— 60 72 2t 281 20 25 19 Kelso 50 54 26 27 19 21 — 2„? K irkaldy- 66 78 32 29 0 ",, Perth €0 653 22 26 16 20 24 x° n- The size of the measure varies throughout the HADDINGTON CORN MAR/CI:P.—Jo I I 31 ; jsy - N B trley stands at nearly the same pric e s as 139 ; A be r average Id. up-29 quarters offered, 15 sold, o f ip 4 quarters were foreign at 358. and not include? ; se ,°\‘ average. Oats have brought the very s ame Pri ce id ' f top and average as last Friday-171 q uarters ° I 1 n s'? 4i unsold. Wheat was rath e r dull of sale, but the 9 4 ' 1 I average are both up I s . A ve rage oi Pease Tip x• - • , 4 1 and of Beans down 1041. ,_, Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. 0 ,1 First Bls Od 408 6d 328 OA 38s Od 0 0 1 4 ,1 SP Second 76s Od 40s Od 29s Od 3 6 s Od s o 0 0, k Third There were 250 qrs. of Wheat in market, 198 whereof' 52 Unsold.—O'Grey. 31.155. 10d. 9-12th5.„../1 4%. Average. DALKEITH CORN MARKET.—JuIy SO*, n ot , The supply of all kinds of Grain at this daY s p rier was small. Wheat sold heavily a t f u lly highe r than last week. Wheat. 1 Barley. i Oats. First els &I 37s 04 Sts 9d Second 76s Od 24s Od 30s Od Third 72s Od 22 s Od 28s Od Pe a le Pease. I L ai j 406 Od ;4, e 7 d 384 ed 354 0,1 HS. On Saturday, the Ist ßl ins RT t. at Sandhurst) th e P Hon. Lady ariet aget, of a daughter. ros ol On the 31s H t r ult. at Devonshire-place, Old gent' Mrs, Wood, of ult . a son. t/ 04 On the 31st the lady of Dr. Bartlet, Be n ton street, of a daughter. 0 of Air' F. 11 Jn the 31st ult. at Kennington, the ---,,, Hunter, of New-inn, of a daughtr. ..d of 6(°' On the 30th ult. in Devonshire- e street, the I.Y Morgan, Esq of a daughter. O f °s On the 31st ult. in Cadogan-place, Mrs. Vo nas wood, of a son. MARRIED. At Ratoath Manor-house, on the 21st ult. ot os Arthur Knaresborough, Esq. of Inch House, is thee °f J 0 of Kilkenny, to Maria Elizabeth, eldest daugbter Cotballis r -uf Itatoath, in the county of Meath, Andy On the Ist inst. at Burneside, near Kendal, Mr' o f of New Bond-street, to Margaret,second daughter Hinde, Esq. of Tolson-halll „ On the Ist inst. a t St. George's, Hanover-Walt:oe 11. Broadhead, Esq. to Ch ar l o tt e Godolphin, cm l Y " ter of Lord F. Osborne. DIE On the 31st ult. in York-ter girl/ ace, Regent's-par k , Chamberlin Bart. aged 56. late Mr. theaA. Grant, aged a aged 53. t e lslington-green, Mary , relict of PAINTED and PUBLISHED by MURDO YOUNup • Orrwa, 112, &HAND, LOB' r atrei