The Sun. — London, England, 1860-12-15 00:00:00

1860: IMPERIAL TURKISH SIX PER CENT. LOAN. (Sanctioned by special Firman tan of .) his Imperial Majesty the Sul Messrs. T. Mires & Co., the Contractors fOr a Turkish Loan, have instructed the ondon Agency of the Bank ot Turkey to receive subscriptions on account of the 125,000,000 Francs, or £5,000,0v0 sterling, offered to the public a t Paris, London, Antwerp, Brussels, Amsterdam, and ll.mburg. Loan will be redeemed at Par by means of a sinking fund, This in 36 Years, in half-yearly drawings, the first drawing to take place in June, IS6I, and the obligations drawn will be paid at Par, on the I st July following, with interes interest t. Special revenues are assigned for the payment of and sinking fund, which revenues were farmed last year for £1,282,560 sterling- This amount will be sent in equal monthly remittance' s to the Cont ractors, or their representa tives. The above amount exceeds the requirements, and the balance swill to the Turkish Finance Minister. proval of the Turkish Govern- The Contractors, with the ap ment, have appointed four Commissioners at Constantinople to receive the Revenues ' • as well as four at Paris ; and the L on d on Directors of the Bank of Turkey, to see to their ap plication. The duties of this Commission will be confirmed by an Imperial Firman. The Loan will be represented by obligations of the Turkish Government of 500 Francs, or £2O .sterling, bearing Interest, at the rate of 6 per cent. per annunt, payable half-yearly, at either London or Paris ; and these obligations will be issued at the price of 312 50 Francs or £l2 10's. sterling, and will be redeemed at the rate of 500 Francs. or J. 720 sterling. Interest to commence on the Ist January, 1561. Obligations of a larger denomination may be had, if re- Obligations These obligations will be issued on the following condi tions, calculated on the price of issue, viz. 20 per cent. as deposit on applicatiom. 16 „ within 10 days of allotment. 16 before the 30th January, :861. 16 „ 28th February, :861. 16 „ 31st March, 1861 16 „ „ 30th April, 1861. Any parties desirous of paying their obligations in full will be entitled to a deduction of 4s. at the time of allotment. On default of payment of any instalments at the time named, previous payments to be forfeited. The deposits on application will be carried to the credit of each Subscriber, and, in the event of such deposit exceedlng the amount payable upon allotment, the balance will be int- Mediately returned. The Drawings of the Obligations will be conducted in the usual manner, in the presence of the Ambassador of the Sub'ime Porte, in London or at Paris. the Contractors of the Loan or their representatives , and a Notary Public. The numbers of the Obligations ap drawn will be advertised in one or more of the daily pers in London and at Paris. Applications for allotment to be sent to the— Ao - ency of the Bank of Turkey, 6., Moor g ate-sfreet ; Messrs. Robarts, Lubbock, and Co., Mansion-House- st. ; Union Bank of London, Princes-street. Forms of App:ication may be obtained of the above, or from Messrs. J. Hutchinson and Sons, Angel-court; Messrs. Ricardo, 11, Angel-court. FORM OF APPLICATION. ayable to I m p er i a l Turkish 6 per Cent. Loan in Obligations, Day b ea rer of 500 Francs or .£ 2O each. is - u erl under the Special Firman of his Imperial Majesty the Sultan. To the Agency of the Bank of Turkey. G e ntlemen, —Having paid to Messrs. the sum of , being a deposit on O bli g ations in the above Loan, I hereby renuest you to allot me that amount of Obli gations, and I agree to accept the msae, or any less number that may be allotted to me, subject to the terms of your Notice. Name Address Profession or Business Date oY AL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT- Ft GARDEN—under the IVlanacrement of Miss LOUISA pyNE and Mr. W. HARRISON, Sole Lessees. THIS EVENING, BIANCA, THE BR A.VO'S BRIDE. Mi.s Louisa Pyne. Miss Thirlwall ; Mr. W. Harrison, Mr. A. Lawrence, Mr. H. Corri, Mr. St. Albyn, Conductor—Mr. Alfred Mellon. And a DIVERTISSEMENT. Doors open at Seven. Commence at Het-past. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee. Mr. J. B. Bnekstone. TEAS EVEN IN() the performances will commence with THE SUN ANI) THE WIND. By the Leclercqs. Followed by THE BABES IN THE WOOD. After which, JENNY LIND AT LAST. Jenny, Miss Rose Howard. To conclude with MY HUSBAND'S GHOST. Commence at 7. .11 YA. - PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Leggee and Manafrer. Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with SUSAN SMITH. To he followed by, at 8 o'clock, THE CORSICAN BROTHERS. Supported by Messrs. Pechter, A. Harris, Meadows, Graham, Shore, and Miss Murry. To conclude with THE GARIBALDI EXCURSIONISTS THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM. Soie Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. THIS EVENING. THE PE PS OF THE PARTERRE. Scenic Department under the direction of Mr. Wm. Callcott. The Music by Mr. George Loder. Principal characters by Mr H. Neville. Mr. John Rouse, Mr. J. Morris, Miss M. Ternan, Miss Neville, MissHudspeth, Miss Stuart, Miss Turner, Miss Douglas, Miss Annie Collinson, and Miss Lydia Thompson. After which, a new Drama, entitled HANDY ANDY. Messrs. Campbell. Johnstone, T. Lyon. Forrester, Villiers, Butler, and John Drew; Mrs. J. Rouse. Miss Hudspeth, Miss M. Ternan, and Mfss Neville. Followed by the new drama, entitled ADRIENNE ; or THE SECRET OF A LIFE. Principal characters by Mr. 'Henry Neville, Mr. John Rouse, Mr. IT. Butler, Mr. Villiers, Mr. G. Vininff, Mr. Forrester. Mr. Campbell, Mr. Clifford, Mr. J. Johnstone ; Mrs. Keeley, and Madame Celeste. To commence at a quarter to 7, on account of the length of the entertainments. A DELPHT, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. `l► sops pronrietor nnvl Manager, Wir. Beni• Webster. Engacrement for a limited number of nights of Miss Agnes lZobert9ou and Mr. Dion Boucicault, who will appear every evining . in the highly successful Drama of " The Colleen Bawn.' THIS EVENING, AN UGLY CITATOMER. Messrs. J. L. Toole, C. Selby, and Warde ; Miss K. Kelly, and Miss E. Thorne. After which, THE COLLEEN SAWN. D. Boncicault, D. Fisher, Billing - ton. Falconer, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer. Miss Armes Robeeson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billing - ton, and Mrs. Chatterley. After which, THAT BLESSED BABY. Mr. Billington, Mr. J. L 'foole, and Miss K. Kelly. Doors open at halt-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5. - No charg-e for booking. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, £l. Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, 45.: Front Circle Stalls , IL ; Pit Stalls, 25.; Pits. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. — Proprietor and Nirinat - pT. Mr. WM. RATTY. Astounding sensation ereated by the Lions and the great Bruta Tamer. Miss - Rebecca Tsaacs every Fveninc,r. Notice.—There will be no half-price during the engage ment of the Lions, except for children under ten years of age, and then to Pit and Boxes only. This Evening, a new Spectacle, entitled TAE LION CONQUEROR ; or, The .Death Juno-le, expressly for the introduction of the Wonders of the World, " The Groupe of Performing Lions." The Lion Conqueror, Mr. J. Crockett. To be succeeded by scenes in the Arena, supported by talented Parisian and Rd ish Artistes. Concluding with the First Acl - of THE DAUGHT.ER OF THE REGIMENT. Marie, Riss Rebecca Isaacs. Doors open at half-cast 6, performance commence at 7. Box-office open daily from 11 till 4 Stage Manager—Mr. W. WERT. Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson. THE CANTERBURY HALL C. MOUTON begs to inform visitors to London that the above ITALT„ with its Mairnificent Gallervof Modern Paint by all the best masters, is OPEN EVERY - EVENING at 7 o'clock. GRANT) SELECTIONS FROM LELLINI'S NORMA, SONNAMBULA, AND FLOTOW'S MARTHA. PRINCIPAL ARTISTES, MISS. RUSSELL MADAME MARIA MISS TYTMEL MISS WILKINSON t. Mr. HENRY HERBERT and Mr. BERNARD. Conductor Mr. Jo7scantANs. The Comrc. :Department comprises Messrs. A. B. Hollings worth, Master Barry, J. Blanchard, G. W. Pell, Charley Fox, and K. Marshall, in his transformation son ,. "THE DOMESTIC DRAMA," personatinl , five different characters. On Saturday next, will be produced (first time) a Grand Selection from "La Figlia del Reg,imento" (Donizetti). THE WEATHER,--Sari OFFICE, DEC. 15, 1660. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 42—highest since noon yesterday. 34—lowest thii morning and during the night. 40—this day at n00n.4 BA_RomETER-30.28. ‘VIND—North-Westerly—light ; with dull cold weather. ` et -3 ' foggy in the morning. 111 Ga„WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. T/113 13.4 "Y.-111orning, 3h. 29m.—Afternoon, 3h. 51:}m. Tc -a(;rn, hag- 4h. 101n.—Afternoon. 4h. 307 n, t k u N _le re ~, kt - 2 4 : ..,,,,.* . ,,j7 T a u 1.. R „,, , , g 4,.5,,, d .4 ' :4:44„ '..,p, ----=-:,-;---,j-A,, \---- . ' i",:,-- - THE '8 t sT LONDON; SATURDAY, 11110 . 15, 1860. --..-- It has often been remarked of late h ow many of our leading statesmen have arrived at that per i od of life when we might presume that th e i r most favourite •reading among the classics would be, let us say, CICERO'S De 6.'enectlite. In the ordinary course of nature but a brief interval of time can be reasonably expected to elapse now before the majority of them must have disappeared. The historic names of this InemoraWe majority will start at once to recollection. It requires from us in this place nothing so invidious, or at any rate so inde corous as a distinct enumeration. It is a catalogue of famous names already beginning to diminish ria.pidly. Another has just dropped out of the list. To the record of his career there has now been added at a single breath—his last—the closing motto for the lives of us all, the Finis Corona& The venerable Earl of ABERDEEN—born on the 28th of January, 1774, died on the 13th of. December, 1860 - -has passed away for ever from the scene of his labours in the House of Lords, to assume his place in effigy, such a place as he may be found to have won for himself, in the National Walhalla. ' As with so many of our peers, his names, style, and title, as recounted by the heralds, ring grandiosely enough upon the ear—the deceased being designated the Right Hon. GEORGE HAMIL TON GORDON, Earl of ABERDEEN, Viscount FOR MANTINE, Baron HADDO, METHLICK, TARTER, and KELLIE, in the peerage of Scotland, Viscount GORDON of ABERDEEN in that of the United Kingdom, and (a bit of an anti-climax this, it sounds to us) a Baronet of Nova Scotia. Stately though the appellations, however, what a mockery it all seems when the dead patrician lies in his coffin, and the wand is broken and the fragments of t cast after the coffin into the open grave. It is not, however, by any means as a member of the patrician. order in this country that Lord ABERDEEN'S name appears before us as one in any way worthy of remembrance. Though of an ancient race and an illustrious, Lord ABERDEEN stood forth among his peers as one in no particular so especially conspicuous. He was only the fourth possessor of the Earldom. It is as a diplomatist and as an administrator that Lord ABERDEEN is entitled to consideration from his fellow countrymen. In both these capa cities his labours, during the first half of this nine ' teenth century, had been so frequent and so remarkable, they were at some periods so protracted and at others 'Were invested with such an awful responsibility, that it is incumbent upon us to cast, however cursorily, a retrospect glance over the career of the departed statesman—conscious, when d o ing so, that while by his public labours he was unquestionably one of the foremost men of his age, by his individual capacities he was. beyond a doubt, all the time a man of the merest mediocrity. He was no orator. He was a diplo matist without finesse. He was a leader of men without any commanding ability. As a statesman he was deficient in sagacity. As an administrator he lacked courage, he lacked forethought. It was during the period of his longest continuous tenure of office as Foreign Secretary, under Sir ROBERT PEEL'S Administration ,that he allowed himself to be cozened by the wiliest of all the huckstering Monarchs that ever sat upon an European throne—Hence the Spanish marriages— hence the downfall of Louis PHILIPPE—hence the convulsion of all Europe by the consequent outbreak of the February Revolution, For all which the late Earl of ABERDEEN was directly in a very great measure responsible. History will infallibly say this. We are only anticipating its inevitable utterance. Again—it was during his subsequent three years' power as Prime Minister of England, as chief of the great Omnium Gatherum Coalition, at the Head of All the Talents and of All the Mediocrities—[the Premier himself at the head of the latter class—he who was in truth, with all submission to Mr. DISRAELI, more undoubtedly than even JENKINSON, Lord LIVERPOOL, the Arch Mediocrity !]—it was during Lord ABERDEEN'S three years' Premier ship that England, France, Turkey, and Sardinia "drifted" into that miserable war in the Crimea— that sanguinary and deplorable struggle with the Autocrat of All the Russias—causing (quite unnecessarily) the destruction of thousands upon thousands of lives, end the squandering of mil lions upon millions of gold. All these calamities being attributable, we do believe firmly in our conscience, to that constitutional timidity which was Lord ABERDEEN'S most conspicuous charac teristic—a timidity that dimmed All the shining Talents of all his illustrious colleagues—that paralysed the collective energies of the Coali tion, that palsied even for the time being the lofty resolution of such men as Lord JOHN RUSSELL and Viscount PALMERSTON. It were criminal to " hush up" the truth in this matter—it were criminal to gloss over the frightful and lamentable fact that to the enervating influence of this deplorable timidity of Lord ABERDEEN, at the head of the last Coalition Government, the death of a whole army was mainly attributable. Let us speak the truth right out, though the heavens ruin down upon us. Had the Government of the late Earl of ABERDEEN, that deplorable and cumbrous Coali tion, avowed plainly and betimes to the late Russian Emperor NICHOLAS " Pause ! Cross not the Pruth ! Dare not to advance one step further in the direction of Const antinople—Oß,a collision with the Allied Powers of Western Europe will be the one inevitable consequence !"—the Crimean war would never have come to pass-100,000 men would neverhave perished—.£loo,oo o , ooo would never have been squandered in working out the terrible task of their destruction. We are not prophets after - the event in thus speaking.. We repeat now (in these columns) only what was said then (in these columns) before that dreadful war had commenced. The Coalition, nevertheless, under the bann, under the curse of Lord ABERDEEN'S hesitating and timo rous Premiership, allowed England, in spite of all remonstrance, to drift, drift, drift into the war. Et hint ilice lachrymce. Hence the crash of that appalling collision, of that collision between the East and the West, that (but for Lord ABERDEEN) was in very truth so easily avoidable. The best, indeed, that we can say of Lord ABERDEEN as an administraleir may be condensed into those few words, He ; »2eant well, those few fatal words that have but too often implied, as they unquestion ably imply in this present instance, such a world of unintentional disasters, such an appalling mass of undesigned destructiveness. The Liberals of Northampton have had their annual show—their two members being, of course, the prize speakers, and as one, Mr. GILPIN, was a Minister, and tha other a Lord, the fete ought not to be unworthy of some notice. Mr. GILPIN, indeed, declined to speak as Minister when a little pressed by Mr. VERNON on the subject of the Poor-laws and out-door relief, and gave almost such a Delphic answer as he would have done to a deputation—the Poor-law was the law of the land, but no doubt it was susceptible of modera tion, and those who had the charge of it were desirous of its being administered with all possible humanity. Not so Delphic was his language on the French treaty—that was an equivocal good. Instead of defending it, however, himself he preferred to quote the honourable recantation of a Tory paper in the North of the largest circulation :—" The _Manches ter Guardian, following the lead of the Times, opposed Mr. COBDEN. and said, with many terms far from complimentary to the Emperor of the FR ENCH that our glorious freetrader had been taken in b y hi m. Now, the Manchester Guardian, after commenti ng upon the ' treaty says, For this good n sult we arein t dneEbNte,daidetao bythe intelligence and zeal of Mr. co f rom this co un t ry, and active deputations to the enlightened v i ew s of the French Governm en t. W e f ee l t h at, in ou r fear lest our redo u b ta b le byu Manchester or a astute t r u e t e e b t racier should be practised up on neig h b ou r, an injustice was done us to that ~entlenian, and so far from hesitatin g to make the amande honorable, we gladly embrace the oblige ; If Now that is honest. tion in do so.' people are mistaken, owing to the press, with respect to a treaty which is worthy of all praise, it is but honest on the part of the press to acknowledge their mis- THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING., DECEMBER 15, 18601 take. But the great leader of the press, as it loves to style itself—the Times—has not come to that idea of honeoty yet, although little by little you see its leading articles coming round to an approval of the treaty, and no doubt by and bye that paper will maintain that it has approved of the treaty all along." The Reform Bill came next. It was, of course, no news that it was not carried, which he attributed to the " want of earnestness in and out of Parlia ment." Not that there was not a general feeling in favour of Parliamentary Reform throughout the country, it was so manifest that he who runs may read it ; the wave may have ebbed, but there would be a flow, and legislation while the subject was calmly viewed was certainly the safer plan. He declared that he believed the Ministers were really the most honest supporters of the bill in Parlia !mint. He is hopeful, however, for next session ; he says : " I am emphatically not of the Cabinet, and do not know what the plans of her MAJESTY'S Government may be, but I should think that Lord JOHN RUSSELL will again introduce a Reform Bill similar in its provisions to that of last session. I speak, however, only by permission, and not on autho rity, when I say that the probability is that there will be a _Reform Bill introduced into Paliament next session. Let me, however, say this: If the people want a Reform Bill carried, let them make their voices heard in the House of Commons, not only by your representatives—both the voices of your representatives were heard in favour of the last Reform Bill, and their names were to be found ' in all the various divisions upon it—not only that, but let the voice of the people be heard by petitions —hundreds, thousands of them, for it is a question which affects thousands of the people, and let a simultaneous cry be heard that the people want reform, and depend upon it that they will have it." We can only say, we hope Cabinet Ministers will shew the pluck which the Minister not in the Cabinet gives them credit for. Those who mean to win must show that they are not to be daunted. But certainly his advice to the people is sound. When the chief question is whether working men should get the franchise, it they do not trouble themselves to demand it, others will not trouble themselves to get it for them. Petitions from the unenfranchised, is what the extent of the franchise offered next year, if not the fact of an offer at all, will depend on. On the Paper Duties and the Lords, Mr. GILPIN, though enthusiastic for repeal, thought Lord PAL MERSTON exercised a wise discretion—in the excit ing state of foreign affairs, and the French Treaty needing its projectors to work it, in not jeopardising the Ministry. Lord HENLEt, how ever, thought the move a false one to lay on ld. additional Income-tax, in order to repeal that duty, I wherein we must certainly agree with him. The Paper Duty is infinitely less unjust and intolerable than each single penny of the Income-tax —that must go first. We are not left, however, without such hope as general pro mises can give us of reduction of expenditure, and if we can have that, of course the tax which is the sum of all injustice, and which starves every other tax, must go first. Mr. GILPIN, a minister, though not a Cabinet minister, and though, he tells us, glad to pay something more in the way of taxation than Americans pay, for the privilege of living under our limited Monarchy, yet is appalled at the difference between American and English taxation. Thirty-one millions of inhabitants in America, even if we omit the interest of our national debt, pay not half of what is paid by thirty millions of Englishmen. If any one cares to have the figures they are as follows : " United Kingdom : Population, 30,000,000; gene ral Government expenditure, £76,000,000 ; local expenditure for county, town, and parochial pur poses, X 18,000,00 a grand total of £94,000,000. United States: Population, 31,003,000, being 1,000,000 more than that of the United Kingdom ; general Government expenditure, £13,000,000, against £76,000,000 ; local expendi ture, L 9,000,000, as against £18,000,000. These are surely facts that require to be considered." If, therefore, we subtract 28 millions for our National Debt, it will still leave us with an expenditure for local and general pur poses, of 48 millions against the 22 millions of the United States. Mr. GILPIN adds :—" It would be a most interesting inquiry to see what there is to justify this most astounding difference in the ex penditure of the two countries, and 1 fully believe it will receive the attention of her Majesty's Govern ment in the next session. We know where a great portion of the money goes; but the question is whether it is necessary that so vast an amount should be expended as has been." Mr. Git,Pral then contrasts the Tory programme with that of the Liberals :—" First comes Dls- RAELI, with a standard of brass, and be proclaims church rates universal and eternal. He is followed by Lord J. NIANNERS in sad-coloured raiment, and he proclaims taxation never to be decreased, but, by the laws of progress, to be continually in creased. The procession is brought up by young Lord R. A.JoNT.aou in a mantle of green, and says, Down with GARIBALDI.' " Lord HENLEY agreed with all the radicalism of the Minister, taking special pleasure in attacking Mr. DISRAELI on Church-rates, who was represented as having " put his foot into it." His lordship presented us in his speech with a new Reform leader in the place of Mr. BRIGHT —he did not disparage, he spoke honourably enough of the hon. member's eloquence and talents, but we wanted a Reformer of more weight in the House, and who should he be but Mr. GLADSTONE !" " There was one man who was lis tened to with great weight, and would be followed by -that party—he meant Mr. GLADSTONE. He had sat behind that gentleman, and listened to him with great attention, and, with the single exception of Church questions—with respect to every other great political question they had at heart—no firmer friend • was to be found than Mr. GLAD STONE. He did believe that the opposition which Mr. GLADSTONE had received at the hands of the Tories last session had inclined him still more to Liberal opinions." Reverting to the subject at the close of his speech, he remarked, "In his view the Chancellor of the Exchequer would be more useful in the position of leader of the Liberal party than he was in the office of Chancel lor of the Exchequer, and he looked upon it as a most remarkable thing that upon both sides of the house a member distinguished for brilliancy of his eloquence was placed in an office which required merely sound and soli financial knowledge, and an understanding of monetary affairs, rather than in a position in which his peculiar talents would be far more useful." With Mr. GLADSTONE as leader of the Liberals, we must take our leave of Lord HENLEY and Northampton. Lady Ceclia Bingham was safely delivered of a son and heir, yesterday morning, at 71, Portland-place. Her ladyship and infant son are progressing favourably. Colonel and Lady Henrietta Ogilvy have arrived in town from Northamptonshire. Colonel Kemeys-Tynte, M.P., has arrived at Penton's Hotel, frem Tetten House, Somersetshire. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge sited, as General Commanding-in-Chief, the Wellington College yesterday. DISTRESS IN TRADE. One would imagine the Editors of Great Britain were well paid for the talent they display in their editorial leaders ; but facts prove this not to be the case. To see, week after week, year after year, the heartrending distress the trade of Eng land is experiencing, one wouldbe inclined to think they were well paid for their persevering silence on the topic of commercial disaster. Yet, I believe, that is not the case. Another policy is pursued by Government, answering a better purpose than would the extra pay, by driving talent and indus try jointly into penury ; both are made to subserve the requirements of a monetary power now centring itself into a government. The literary man that must write a long editorial column for 10s, cannot find time to write up his own interest, much less take any care of his own independence. Compelled to work incessantly, no time permits an editor to pause and reflect upon what he is directed to write, nor whose interests he ought to advocate, save that of his employer, to whom he must go again and again for the receipt of his earnings, so meagrely dealt out, so scru tinously exacted as to the topic to be avoided. No mention dare they make of their own obse quious dependence upon their directing dictator. Like the manufacturer of goods, he must make up literary wares for show and display ; quality of sentiment is studiously avoided. Well spiced with the classics and the dead languages, which they seem ever to be resuscitating for some com pliment to their readers, if peradventure it be not to themselves, they toil on, showily dazzling the public eye with their talent—but, alas ! talent only. A few good and startling truths, such as the policy of Ministerialists ever driving the industrious on to more work and less pay, by which Government is allowed to tax and squander till all the money has ceased to circulate, and mankind, goaded by over-wrought brain and body, groans for the relief which the over-wrought goo3e-quill dares not ad vocate. For these last 50 years all things are getting cheaper that are the produce of men's minds and hands. Books, printing, periodicals, journals, and papers, leaders, manufactures of all kinds, are cheaper—sold for less money—and all this writers in journals will not see, or dare not say, that reductions, barring what steam and machinery do, reductions in prices, reduce the pro fits of industry, and increase pro rata the profits of money. Who better than the man of letters should become the man of figures ? How inevitably must the industry of this and all coun tries become worse requited every day if the writers in journals do not become men of figures—calcula tors upon, first, their own profits, if they so prefer; after that, calculators upon profits generally ? The earth and the body and mind will be found to be increasing in supply of fruits and results, but the numbers increase also partaking of this produce, till only exceptional producers are benefited, while the great mass toil on in vain to see only the specu lator take away the hard-earned result of his brains or hands. Money scarce, causes money to increase in the rate of discounts. The great money holders have only to take care and lend enough money abroad, and by that act and deed do they render it scarce at home, and since the home price regulates all countries, money is thus raised con stantly and everywhere on the face of the glob% Unless this great fact be mere clearly illustrated and more generally explained by the writers of the day, evils will grow upon all creation till life becomes a burden and an unendurable torture. Money is not like produce or manufactures. The former in the course of time ,spoil, and the latter depreciate because of fashions and styles changing so frequently, but money never spoils by decay nor by fashion, so that holders of money are never forced to crowd the market by causes similar to that of this ephemeral produce. Money, there fore, enjoys wondrous advantages over all things else. By withholding money from any particular locality or class of interests, that locality or class must inevitably suffer; money having been withheld from commerce by acts of Parliament purposely framed by a banker, now a Lord 0 verstone, in order to keep money scarce, moneyists can at any time raise the rate to a ruinous price for commerce ; hence the general commercial distress, men fail ing and ruined that are not only solvent but doing good trades, that would be self.sustaining were fair play extended to them by having just money laws. £30,000,000 and over is locked up in Chancery ; so much is bankruptcy, in taxes, in tithes, in poor•rates, and national debts. If foreign loans were contracted in 1821 to 1825 by Spain, Prussia, Russia, Colombia, Portugal, Austria, Naples, Greece, Brazil, Buenos Ayres, Mexico, Pern, Denmark, Guatemala, and Gunada laxaria, to the sum total of £48,480,571, what is locked up and sent out of England now by foreign countries ? Late statistics required—Which perhaps you can supply. What writer will tell me that the Bank Charter Act of 1844, 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 32, is an act for the public good ? It is an act to regulate the issue of bank notes, and for giving to the GOVERNOR and COMPANY certain PRIVILEGES then said to be for a limited period, but behold how long has it lasted ! Why has the Bank Charter lasted so long ? Be sure 'tis because 'tis kind so to help those that have always proved themselves quite able to help them selves ! Poor millionaires so much need the help of laws to enable them to add to their stores at the expense of the producers, whose anxieties have become so great by the well working of the Bank Charter that, verily, it has crushed him to the monied men's hard heart's content. Now having framed a charter altogether worthy of the selfish ness of its promoters, finding the torture and the wheal of mental anxiety bring the brave and the timid alike to the shrine of their precious golden idolatrous Dona Maria, it must last long. So good a patron saint as a Bank Charterist must ever last; but the worthy sons of toil fail not to want money at high prices. So the goodly lady of Threadneedle-street gets, 2, the separation of the issue from the banking department—no small boon. 3. The proportion of silver bullion to gold not to exceed one fourth boon No. 2. All persons may demand gold bullion at £3 17s. 9d. Boon No. 3 is that by which money is made scarce by being convertible. No one better, than this bank ing lord knows the great boon that is thus con ferred, but for which money would be sufficiently abundant for all demands, and the misery avoided that now amounts to torture. Little as was enjoyed before when one half of the issue was permitted, money is made more scarce and worth more, by allowing in boon No. 4, in the Act No. 4 —" The Bank may increase securities in the issue department, and issue ad ditional notes equal to one-third of country notes ceased to be issued." But boon No. 5 in the Act No. 7, exceeds all things for a daring immunity that is a disgrace to so respectable a body ,corporate. Of all insti tutions, " The Bank can better afford to pay their rightful quota to the taxation of the country." It never ought to have been allowed, then, that in Act No. 7, the Bank be 'exempted from stamp duty, or composition on their notes. What for ? I should like to know, since in clause No. 8— another boon No. 6 The Bank is allowed to deduct £lBO,OOO per annum on the charge for the public debt. Is this not enough, in all conscience, without exempting them from stamp duty ? But we must know that the Bank makes its own Charter, and the Charter issues forth to the innocent people, a hopeful child of their own creation. One clause is worthy the chivalrous knights of old, so unselfish and exemplary it is to all seeming views. Behold in clause 9 the Bank to allow the profits on in creased circulation to Government. But as this increased circulation was only on one occasion permitted to take place to any extent, this semblance of the magnanimous must also fall to the ground. Boon 8, in clause 10, conveys its own meaning.-- New banks of issue prohibited. Boon 9, in clause 11—Restrictions upon Ranks of issue. Clause 12—Bankers ceasing to issue can not re issue their notes. ~~.: '~~~ ~`„;s ,HR -.fir,. ,_. Y ! :~ '~': Clause 13—Limitation of bank issues to a fixed! ft E amount. o Sections 14, 15, and 1G regulate the union of bank partnerships. Section 17—Penalty on banks issuing in excess. Section 18—Issuing banks to render in excess. Section 19—Mode of ascertaining the average amount of bank notes of each banker in circulation during the first four weeks after the 10th October, 1844. There is no doubt that some kind of bank was rendered necessary to the State by the conduct of the Stuarts—by the recklessness and wasteful extra vagance of Princes and Governments ; but great corporate bodies held a power over Government which they knew well how to retain. The Bank Charters therefore are peculiarly beneficial to the bodies corporate that originally made the State become their dependent. That day which caused the State to become the debtor to the nation might so long ago be overlooked but for the fact and retention of the indebtedness to the public. I conceive the wholesome pretext of convertibility, which in itself is cautious and safe for the Bank, and to that extent equally cautious for the country at large ; but convertibility should not stop where it does, because the Bank only, not the country, is benefited by it. The use the Bank and the money power are making of the opportunities that so frequently present themselves out of the distress of foreign nations requiring loans to prop up their indebtedness to the public, is now proving itself to be an abuse of the privilege of convertibility at the expense of the many. Money is lent abroad in such large sums that it distresses the home trade fright fully. It is no use saying it comes back again, because I have before proved it only returns to undergo the same exportation, and large sums are held only till foreign loans take them up, so that English commerce is only prejudiced by the withholding of the great bulk of the circu lating medium which is now systematically put aside for foreign demand; loaned upon Government security, and often at the high rate of 6 per cent. interest, much more than commercial men can afford to give on the average. Some say that the ex changes put sail to rights; so soon as money is more abundant abroad than it is at home, it returns by the exchanges that make it profitable to receive it back ; but when these loans are made they are absolutely required by the state that borrows, and quickly enter into such wide circulation where countries' are so much more extensive than is our own that the exchanges are not so much affected ; and when they are, who benefits by it ? Not the hard working man, not commerce, but speculators —money men that accumulate only to lend abroad. It is now a frightful fact that the honest hard plodding man of business has no respectable facili ties by way of a circulating medium ; true, if his credit remains good with his banker he can get his bills discounted by keeping a heavy balance at his banker's, but the difficulty of keeping up his credit is increased by the want of a circulating medium. The vast transactions of mercantile and monetary balances of trade amounting to £8,000,000,000 can no longer be carried on with the £50,000,000 of con vertibility, extended as it is by different issues to £300,000,000. It is an entire impossibility. Men's minds in business are racked to death, worse than death ; anxiety is absolutely maddening. Year after year is the plodding man toiling on, only to experience the great money lord riding rough shod over him, only to experience that glaring fact that forces itself upon his mind, that there is no chance for honest straightforward industry to succeed; the speculatef only, the gambler, the money jobber, are the men that survive the miseries of anxiety by making fortune enough•to Tetire upon. Hundreds of thousands are experiencing the torture of pressure upon the brain, that have honestly struggled and worked against the tight pressure of money till life has destroyed every feeling of happiness even at home with their families. With a few thousands they would gladly retire upon in their old age, but no such thing can they realise after a life of toil and anxiety, because no money is afloat for commerce ; it is only for speculation and monetary operations. No money is in circulation by which the oppressed can sell their business to enable them to withdraw from anxiety, though their pressure of difficulties increase till life is insupportable, and death would be a boon beyond description. The same honest man, loving his family, can not afford to think of death in honesty to them ; he must live on or die a coward to his family that depends upon him. Pressed by others he himself presses others, till difficulties increase all around, and rich England becomes a pandemonium unendurable. That which the Bank Charter has not pro vided, but which the country silently but unmis takably requires, is a circulating medium that can not be exported, such as some £20,000,000 of Ex chequer notes payable to Government, on taxation demand. Nothing can be adopted that is more absolutely necessary to relieve the present dis tress. I am sure, were the members of Parliament pro perly acquainted with the distress among the honest industrious deserving people of England, which after all are the muscle and sinew of Great Britain, they would not fail to bring in a bill to relieve the commercial class of people. Nothing can better illustrate the necessity of members of Parliament being composed - of all denominations of interests in the community than the great fact of all the members ignoring the condition of the needy and industrious men of business of England. Mr. J. Bright, M.P., does not represent the class of interests that I allude to. Manchester men are making large profits, or have been making them. Wrapped up still in that class of interest as Mr. J. Bright is, he has by some oversight omitted to notice the general distress that evi dently exists in the other branches of trade. There seems to be no one taking up the deplorable and overwhelming state of things so afflicting to the hundreds of thousands. Where are the writers in journals that once dared to advocate the public good ? Where are they ? They do not, cannot know the fearful distress that exists, or no money could buy their silence. With this conviction I venture to send you these important, though plainly written remarks. MERCATOR. ANECDOTES OF THE CHINA CAMPAIGN. —At Tien-tsin some little difficulty occurred about getting carts for the conveyance of stores to the van. The city prefect knew nothing about any ; it was quite impossible, according to him, for such things to exist in the city. So it was de termined to bring a little pressure to bear on his Excellency, who was put in durance vile until such time as the carts were forthcoming. Not liking his confinement, the prefect, in a great rage, sent a request for a bottle of samshu and a knife. Gen. Napier sent him the first of these articles in the shape of a bottle of sherry, but declined to send the knife. After a week's confinement the carts were supplied by his Excellency's orders, and that gentleman was liberated He was loud in his thanks that the knife had been refused saying that the English understood Taoli, and that our sherry and conduct were both excellent. A. certain mendi: cant friar had been obliged to leave his monastery on account of his partiality for the softer side of hiimanity.' . He ar rived at Tien-tsin, and was allowed to live in a_ monastery, which became afterwards the abode of generals, colonels, and other men of scarlet. When the foreign occupation took place, the proper head of the monastery was absent, and the mendicant having overcome the scruples of his fellow monks, passed himself off as the superior. He pleased the English immensely by giving them every room they requirid, and, having no strict idea of ;noon and teum, 'began distributing the clothing, &c., of the priests among the barbarians. He took to his liquor very kindly, more over, and always retired to his couch in a greater or less degree of serenity. 'When the proper superior returned our friend would not admit him, called him improper names, and ran after him withh, a knife. This led to a complaint to the prefect, and the mendicant was unmasked, received several blows on the face, and was banished to the south of China for two years.—North China Herald. A violent gale which prevailed 'lately at Toulon caused some alarm lest the whale might be driven away from the place where the fishermen had fastened it near the beach, but fortunately the hawsers were strong enough to retain it firmly in its position. According to orders re ceived from Pars, the operation of cutting off the flesh from On carcase is to be commenced itnraediately in order that it may net become offensive, The skeleton will be preserved for the Museum of NP-tural History, in return for which the Administration will furnish all the materiel, tuld the werlitheu for compleling the operation. `~~ N E V'/V Z N • VIENNA, SATURDAY. The Wiener Zeitung contains four Imperial let ters, dated the 13th inst. The first relieves Count Goluchowski of his functions as Minister of the Interior. The second appoints Baron Schmerling Minister of the Interior. The third nominates Herr von Plener Minister of the Finances. The fourth confers the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen on Counts Rechberg and Goluchowski. VIENNA, DEC. 14. This morning Count Goluchowski took leave of the functionaries of the Ministry of the Interior. Baron Schmerling will, tomorrow, enter upon his duties as Minister of that department. Dr. Berger has given notice of appeal in the affair of M, Richter, The Presse asserts that Baron Vay, Chancellor of Hungary, has tendered his resignation, and that Count Szcehen may also be expected to leave the Ministry. The Presse adds : " The attitude of the newly-constituted comitats proves that the majority of them have rejected the programme of Baron Vay and Count Suchen. " The Ministry have already put themselves in communication with Baron Eotvos and M. Deak, with a view to their entering the Ministry." PARIS, SATURDAY MORNING. The Itloniteur contains a decree organising the Ministry of the Interior into five departments, under Directors General. The office of Secretary-General to the Ministry is suppressed. The Moniteur also contains the appointment of eight prefects and several Councillors of State. PESTH, DEC. 12. The declaration addressed by the Comitats Com mittee to the Chancellor of Hungary contains, besides the four points already announced, an urgent request that the enlistment of soldiers and the tobacco monopoly may be suspended until the deci sion of the Diet has been taken on these questions. NAPLES, DEC. 14. For the last three days hostilities against Gaeta have been suspended. It is hoped that an early success will attend the efforts of diplomacy to arrive at a peaceable arrangement. PESTII, DEC. 11. Last night it was necessary to apply for mili tary assistance against the so-styled Adlerjager (the Adlerjager, or eagle hunters, are persons who pull down and demolish the imperial arms wherever fixed), who caused disturbances. Order was soon re-established. VIENNA, DEC. 14. The Ost Deutsche Post, in a leading article, says :—" The accumulation of arms and ammunition in Moldavia and Wallachia, and the organisation of foreign legions in Italy, are to be attributed to an extensive scheme which partly aims at the separation of these provinces from the Porte and partly at a rising of several other nationalities. Not only a Hungarian but a Polish legion has been organised. In view of this state of things Russia has despatched a threatening declaration to Prince Couza, and has concentrated 12,000 men in Bes sarabia." The same journal also publishes accounts from Pesth, according to which some Hungarian and Polish soldiers fraternised while drinking spirits together in a coffee-house, and made a demonstra tion in favour of their nationalities. They also tore the yellow and black stripes off their trousers. They were carried to prison by a military patrol. The Austrian Gazette publishes a despatch from Pesth, dated 11th inst., announcing that some in habitants of that city had resolved on submitting an address to the Chancellor, which had also been communicated to the other comitats for their ac ceptance. This address contains the following points :-Ist. The convocation of the Hungarian Diet at the earliest possible period, on the basis of the electoral law of 1818. 2d. The promulgation of the press law of 1848. 3d. The collection of taxes due to: be suspended until the assembling of the Diet. 4th No judges but those elected by the people to hold office in the different comitats. CONSTANTINOPLE, DEC. 5. An angry discussion has taken place between the Porte and the Sardinian Minister on account of some Sardinian vessels having left for the Danube with munitions of war, supposed to be destined for Hungary or Servia. Three of the vessels were stopped by order at Sulina, and two have proceeded. A commission of inquiry has been named for Bosnia and the Herzegovine. The question of the occupation of Syria is still being diseussed. The Porte appears likely to con sent to the occupation being prolonged. Letters from Montenegro report the serious ill ness of the prince. Russian Panslavist propagandism is being actively prosecuted throughout the provinces. The question of the new loan is still undecided. Exchange steady. CONSTANTINOPLE, DEC. 8. The ammunition brought by the Sardinian ves sels, which were stopped at Salina, will be re turned to Genoa. New commercial treaties are being negotiated between the Porte and England and the Porte and France. By the advice of the English and French Am bassadors a Roumelian commission of investigation has been appointed, under the presidency of Ismail Pasha, of the Danube. • News of further defeats of the Russians has been received from Circassia. The mountaineers were commanded by Ismail Pasha and Mehemet Bey. MADRID, DEC. 13. The chiefs of the Mo- The Espana says :—" derados have deliberated on their future course of conduct. " Senor Gonzalez Bravo stated the necessity for tho party to coalesce either with the , absolutist or revolutionary party, and when the proposition was discussed, expr essed his intenti on o f j o i n i ng t h e revolutionary party." HAMBURG, DEC. 14. Denmark will reserve the question of the redemp tion of the State dues for the Elbe Tolls Com- mission. The maritime question, and that of the general revision of the tariff in force on the Upper Elbe, will thus be brought together. FRANCE. PARIS, DEC• 14. An Imperial decree nominates the commission charged to examine the accounts of the Minister* for 1860. The Marquis d'Audriffet, Senator, is President. By an Imperial decree, in the Ilionitettr, the number of Referendary Councillors is increased from 80 to • 84, viz., 24 first class, and 60 second class. The cause of this augmentation is the addi tional accounts which will be submitted to their examination, in consequence of the new depart ments annexed to France. BOURSE, Dec. 14.—Business has been very limited in amount, but the market firm, and prices well maintained. For the Account, Threes are now at 68f 850; Mobilier, 775 f ; Orleans, 1,385 f ; Northern, 991 f 85c. ; Mediterranean, 911 f 25c; Austrian, 510 f ; Lombard, 483 f 75c. The following were the last quotations : 41 per per Cents ... 96 75; Credit Fonder 992 60 Do. end month.... 96 601 Belgian 4f — -- 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 90 Roman Bank Shares 2925 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 775 Spanish Threes 5O Do. Account 775 Home Debt .. 49 25 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1382 50 .. 1387 50 Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 911 25 .. 911 25 Geneva 378 75 .. 378 75 Southern 522 50 .. 525 Western Eastern Sardinian 395 .. 397 50 Austrian Loirbard , 483 75 .. 483 75 THE WAR IN CHINA. We ( limes ) have been favoured with the fol lowing most important letter from head-quarters CAMP BEFORE PEKIN, on the N.W. Side, Oct. 9, 1860. At the time of closing my letter, written from the camp at Pa-li-chiao, on the 23d of last month, I was induced, in consequence of the confident anticipa tions to that effect entertained by all those who were aware of the nature of the communication that had just been received from the newly ap pointed Im penal Commissioner, the Prince of Kung, to express strong hopes that before the departure of the present mail the whole of the party made prisoners on the 18th ult, would be liberated and have rejoined our camp. These anticipations, I re gret to say, have been only partly realised. Parkes, Loch, the Count l'Escayrac de Lauture, a gentle man attached to the French army in some scientific capacity, one of Probyn's Sikhs, and four French soldiers, who, it now appears, were the only pri soners confined in Pekin itself, were brought into the camp yesterday afternoon ; but the others, who from the latest and most reliable Chinese account given by Hang-ko to Parkes him self only two hours ago, have been imprisoned in various district towns in the neighbourhood of the capital, cannot by any possibility make their appearance before the day after to-morrow at the earliest, so that another fortnight must elapse before their friends at home can receive the assurance of their being once again in perfect safety. I should be glad were it in my power to give them some comfort by stating that we had been able to learn something about each of the prisoners indi vidually, but, from the fact of their having been separated immediately after their capture, and all communication between them or about them strictly prohibited by the chief authorities, it has been found impossible to trace any one of them, and absolutely nothing is known respecting them but what Hang-ke has told Wade and Parkes within the last two days, to this effect—that with the exception of th 6 'party confined in Pekin, who were liberated yesterday, they were for some time subsequent to the 18th of September kept in con finement in different camps situate betweeh Tung chau and Pekin. When it became evident, after the second defeat of the . Tartar troops on the 21st, that these were no longer to be relied on as places of safe custody, they were removed, as stated above, to several towns in the vicinity—the names of which he (Hang-ke) declared himself to be ignorant of, with the exception of one, Tang-ping-chau, about 200 li or 50 miles from Pekin. He stated most posi tively that he did not know either the names or the exact number of the persons so confined, but he had been told that flovpral of them were black, and not of the same nation as the English and French; this, of course, would apply to the Sikhs. I may add that both Messrs. Wade and Parkes are of opinion that Hang-ke really told them all ho know on the sub ject. Having now made you acquainted with everything that it has been possible to ascertain respecting those who still remain in the hands of the Chinese, I must, before giving in some detail an account of what happened to Parkes and the others during the time of their detention, let you have a summary of the proceedings of the army, and of the communica tions that have passed between the Ambassadors and the Chinese Government on the subject of the prisoners from the 23d ultimo up to the present time, in order that your readers may be enabled to follow without much difficulty the somewhat shifting course of events in this part of the world. It may be as well to remind them that in my last lettter I mentioned that two communications had been received by Lord Elgin from the new Com missioner, Prince of Kung, and brothor of the Em peror; the first merely announcing his appoint ment, and expressing strong hopes that a pacific solution of the existig difficulties might be arrived at ; to which an answer was immediately sent, say' ing that it was impossible for the ambassador to think of treating so long as the British subjects wrongfully made prisoners on the 18 th were de tained by the Chinese Government. The second, in reply to this, acknowledged that there were certain British subjects kept prisoners by his Government, a fast which he had not thought it at all necessary to allude to in his first letter, but maintaining that they could not, on any account, be set at liberty until after the convention had been signed and the allied armies had been withdrawn from the country. He did not, I believe, in this answer attempt to justify their capture in the first instance, or subse quent detention, but in some of his later commu nications he has not hesitated to do so, on the ground that they had been taken within the Chinese lines after the action had commenced, and conse quen sly ought t 0 n i rn o t u t a en t d o t bt factoe be e i tv at ta n tw u ta p hr ea;s people longeho i gnor ing and China t t h he us n d o e t t u a n in i Z: all Chinese high o ffi c i a l s, m ili tary as w ell had hhei e g ho o f n t e hwe i h n y e o wh T e u rwe n a g sb - e po h ue a rn u fde ie u e an t s n t gt lo hE y d e e e r nn u y r e gt h a s iwl p r d a fi ee ee n a lr e : ra g: , t y b c e ircumstances, more especially such assou under stood t ao r ed u r c b e ay , n as civil, and w val those which led to the capture in question, which even by his own admission could never have occurred but for a battle which was certainly brought about by their own treachery, and, more than this, begun by themselves. To this second letter of the Prince of Kung's there could be of coure but one answer —that the prisoners must be given up, and that so far from the army being withdrawn, it would, on the contrary be pushed forward with all possible rapidity, in which case the consequences could cot. fail to be most serious for the capital in the event o f its being attacked, and possibly for the dynasty itself in the event of its being captured and destroyed. While feeling convinced that a reply in this sense was the only one it was fitting t • make, Lord Elgin was extremely desirous of put' to ting it in such a shape as would be most likely lead to a speedy liberation of Parkes an d th e others. m e H h t e , t juhought hg ht it of ot possible hersby that its o the n sta h Chinese dar d, Gover n' mig not improbably imagine that if they gave up tn' pr two Ambassadorsisoners at once and m before ight peace insisto was e c l s a o r ni e the further demands besides those contained in the cow ventions negotiated at 'Tien-tsin. W ith h he the res o v i i v e o l of removing all suspicions of this natl V r to leave it open to the Chinese make the restoration of the prisoners aaeht.ds ..t G overn ment heß sairgortit ing of the Conveption simulta neous theirGros fully despatches concurred w ere i n w o L r o ed r \e d . edntto ot Elgin's fhitshee o ff p ce t he n ti i .n o e n s,Aebsoth it was very desirable, in the te fhuseipn rgistoonceorns,cetdbeatthtehpe point as e t n o ts th o e f liberation tar l commanders charaetto:l andd b some o m f e t e a y m s o m s t u promptmust saele for cisiTe ai egc eXpeetec the y flit Which ti an SWer that on Th is was r aUSt ret ex pect a t he 30th burin 4 ° ll Rat linsatisfg as to the Was enel Written and Mr. c all on c st a t ed b dent of k nown forwards I 'nay h never be, 0 1lr misE 11 1) from '14 3 7 8 and c ation ?eying t lies of a tarried a' When 1 a( Ninnies of land 1 l'eyanee cap : la ti t' ais e s ee edr, an 111 a WE 4 ung-cht , •"rench kissariat