The Sun. — London, England, 1858-10-11 00:00:00

PROFESSOR OWEN AT KENDAL. On Tuesday evening last Professor Owen delivered a lecture on the Classification of Mammalia, at the Kendal Literary and Scientific Institution—Profes sor Sedgwick in the chair; and on Wednesday he was entertained at a public breakfast in the As sembly. Rooms—the Mayor (J. J. Wilson, Esq.) in the chair. After breakfast an address was presented to Pro fessor Owen, on the motion of Professor Sedgwick, seconded by Sir J. Richardson. The address was carried by acclamation. Professor OwEN, on rising, was received with loud applause. ,He said that it was impossible for him adequately to express his sense of what w as due to the previous speakers for the very .flattering terms in which they had been pleased to introduce him to their notice, or to the commany for the man ner in which they had received him. In presenting himself under such circumstances to many who had never before seen him, he rose with a positive sense of shame, for they would be very apt to regard him in that very suspicious light of a " faultless monster whom the world ne'er saw," and whom, indeed, he, for his own part, did not wish any more than he expected to see. (Loud applause.) They had, indeed, placed him in the most dan gerous position in which a fellow Christian could be placed. It was hardly fair to employ towards one fallible man such honeyed, such flattering words as those which had been applied to him. They might, indeed, depend upon it that they were really, wholly, and expressly unmerited on his part. What had been the product of a great many days' labour had been summed up all at Once, and thus appeared in a form magnified beyond all due pro portion. The opportunities that had enabled him to do what he had accomplished were just those opportunities which, if properly availed of on the part of others, would enable them to produce fruit of the same kind. (Loud applause.) In our matter-of-fact country it was an extremely rare case where we looked nature directly in the face and studied her works, except they hap pened to form a part of our daily duty. It had been his good fortune to be placed in a situation where he was thus called on to the pur suit, and the return had been to him full and over flowing. (Loud applause.) He declared that he felt an exalted sense of gratitude to his fellow creatures for the necessity that had been forced upon him, and he could only again say that the re turn he had in every way received was far beyond anything that he desired. But he was extremely glad, on other grounds, to meet them on that occa sion. He rejoiced to see such a spontaneous and public manifestation of the worth in which scien tific labour was held in this country, and he re garded it as an encouraging sign of the times. It was hardly 30 years ago since the search for ab stract truth, unless applied to profitable purposes, held that estimation in the Minds of Englishmen generally, and certainly not in the minds of some of those gifted and able governors in high places, to which it was entitled. They did. not conceive of science as a pursuit that ought to be looked to and encouraged, and, in a certain degree, rewarded. A change of feeling had, however, taken place in this respect, and. this, he thought, was owing in no small degree to the organisation of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. (Loud cheers.) That society, he rejoiced to say, had stood its ground. It had done its work ; it had struck its roots pretty deeply into the ground, during its labours over a period of 28 years. Since the year 1831, when a small band of good and de termined workers first organised themselves toge ther, they had gone on from year to year summing up the results of their researches in the various de partments of science, and placing them freely and clearly and plainly before the world, pointing out other good and important lines of investigation, and, from time to time, with the free speech of Englishmen, pressing upon Government the im portance of those scientific enterprises which a Government only could promote ; and to this source of labour he had no hesitation in saying that they must attribute the greatly-improved and the healthy feeling which was now felt in the British nation towards those who devoted themselves to the promotion of pure and abstract truth. (Loud applause.) But the result of abstract speculation had been most unexpectedly displayed in the increase of our daily comforts, and in the establishment of our mastery over the powers of nature. It was from the researches of Priestley and of Cavendish into the nature of the air and of the atmosphere that discoveries had been made which had led, in pro cess of time, to the almost general application of gas. This might be cited as one of the sudden and unexpected results of study which appeared to pro mise nothing of the kind. It appeared from the testimony of an old metropolitan magistrate, that in one year after the illumination by gas had been introduced, that simple increase of power had di minished crime to the extent of one-third, and thus it was that the result of our purely scientific disco veries came gratifyingly in aid. of the labours of our Mends and fellow-labourers, the ministers of the gospel. (Cheers.) And so again let them pic ture to themselves Oersted working in his little la boratory, and succeeding, after many trials, in in sulating his apparatus, and seeing his little mag netic needle turn, when he discovered that mode of force which we call magnetism. Could he have me ditated the result ? We might be tempted to ask of what use is this likely to be, will it clothe us better, will it in any way advance our comfort, and yet out of this simple element came the electric telegraph. (Cheers.) And then againthere was Black, a quiet, modest, hard-working man, who had his attention directed to the nature of heat. He discovered in the course of his investigations the law by which water takes in immense quantities of heat in the form of steam, and parts with it again when condensed into water. Watt, a young, hard-headed, persevering Scotchman, of a mechanical turn of mind, caught hold of the idea, and followed it up, brought out the condensing steam engine, so that Black may be de cribed as the discoverer, and Watt the inventor of it, and thus it was that abstract science had given the civilised world that power which they possessed over nature. Nor was there any line of inquiry meted out to them in this particular. In that little byepath in which he had been employed, and which had added some new and curious forms to natural history, there might not appear to be any directly beneficial result; but some incidental advan tage had risen, of which he felt proud. In the year 1858, Mr. Brown, of Stanway, near Colchester, a most worthy and industrious investigator of the geology of its district, brought him a fossil, and that of the most unpromising kind he had ever had in his hand. He (the Professor) was then a young man. It bad been submitted to two or three other persons before it was brought to him, and they had not been able to make anything of it. After thoroughly examining it, he made a transverse and a longitudinal cut of it, and he found that it was a petrified tooth, a tooth of a species of animal which had been described and characterised by him. It was most like that of a spermaceti whale, but it did not wholly correspond with it ; he therefore simply ranked it as the tooth of a whale, and gave it back to his friend with a name accordingly. Pro fessor Henslow, in the year 1838, called upon him and left him a bag of fossils, which had been picked up upon the same part of the South Eastern coast, and among them he recognised several evidences of two or three kinds of the whale that had these teeth. He told him the specimens were by no means rare ones, that they abounded in the Red Crag for mation, as it is called, along the coast. On analys ing these fossils, they were found to contain equal portions of phosphate of lime in the bone and in the tooth. Liebig had about this time called atten tion to the fact that phosphate of bone is unfit for the soil, but with the addition of sulphuric acid phosphate of lime is converted into superphosphate, and from an insoluble salt is converted into a soluble one, forming excellent manure for turnips and mangoldWurtzel. Professor Henslow forthwith called together the men of Ipswich, gave them a lecture, in which he explained that these remains contained the same portion of phosphate as organised bones. A hard-headed man , w h o was one of his hearers, immediately got a few bushels, and carried them to an agricultural chemist in the neighbourhood, to ascertain how much super phosphate could be got out of them, and it turned out on investigation that they contained just the same quantity as good bones from South America. These fossils had been considered from 1832 to 1848 to belong to the coprilites, and obtained the famli liar name of cops. Our friend, accordingly took out a . patent for making manure from cops, and was mak ing at the rate of £6,000 a year by his manufac ture. The next thing he heard of the matter was when a boy p u t a p a p er i n t o hi s h a nd, which, on examination, informed him he would be wanted at Guildhall o ; .iwhere - he must attend under certain dreadful penalties. It was, in fact, a subpoena ; and it t urne d out t h a t a gen tl eman i n Suffolk had discovered a deposit of these remains in his own ground, and the p a t en t ee h a d b roug ht an action to try his right to turn them to account in the same way as he had done. Thi s re d crag stone extended inland 30 miles, at various depths, which may be taken on the aver age at seven or eight feet ; and the farming men, when not parti cularly employed on other works, had been s e t t o dig cop pits, for the purpose of getting these cops. They were then burnt, and sold at so much per ton, and the profit thus realised turned out to be equal to the profit of the best labour these men could be turned to. (Great applause.) This had been going on since the year 1843. These things came under the category of bone or teeth, and it was urged there was no ground for foundin g a patent or any privileges upon their use. - The verdict of the j ury properly was, that neither party was right or wrong, and that they might be at liberty to fight the battle over again (great laughter, and applause)—and he believed that now every man was left at liberty to dig up his own cops. (Cheers.) For himself he must say that he never felt happier than when he found this evidence of the good re sults of his researches. He must not :it down with out offering a word of advice or of suggestion to mothers that might be there present. He did not believe great scientific attainments were the result of peculiar or special gifts. They arose from doing steadily and quietly, and without thought or care for the result, the duties that come before us in daily life. (Applause) He had had the good fortune to be drifted from a tempting field of practice, where everything seemed to offer him the fairest prospect of professional success. He was led to see that he must choose between Dame Science and the active duty of his profession, and he selected the former, and he had never once had reason to regret the de termination to which he had come. (Cheers.) The industry of one man had amassed one of the largest collections of the last century, and the labour which he (the speaker) had hadin arranging it was nothing to the anatomical and physical labour of that mo dest and retiring man, John Hunter. (Cheers.) He had a large metropolitan practice, and was one of the surgeons of a large London hospital, and yethe found time—we might allfindtime for useful studies if we would—he found time to devote himself to original researches, and he left behind him a col lection to the purchase of which Parliament devoted £15,000, together with an equal sum to enable the College of Surgeons to build a receptacle worthy to hold it. Owing to various circumstances, this mag nificent collection continued till 1857 without any catalogue, beyond a mere fasciculus of notes. In that year he (Prof. Owen) had the happiness to be associated with Mr. Cliffe, his only pupil, in making a catalogue ; and it was the pursuit of his daily duty in this matter that had given him the oppor tunity to do what he had been enabled to accom plish for this branch of science. (Applause.) Among the papers which Mr. Hunter and left, and which had been preserved with the most religious care by Mr. Cliffe, was one which contained a sentiment with which he had been greatly struck. He was in the habit of noting down his thoughts from time to time, and the sentiment to which he referred was to this effect, that no man was ever a great man who wanted to be one. (Great cheering.) In order that we may achieve any species of greatness, we must be utterly unconscious of the way in which we arrive at it. Everything that we do we must do either from a sense of duty or from the pleasure of it. And we must never trouble ourselves about the consequences—we must never say, I will be at the head. (Loud cheers.) When the Duke of Wel lington carried out any of his great strategical operations, he did not think at the time of an earl dom or a dukedom ; he had no thought but how to give France a sound drubbing. (Loud laughter, and cheers.) But notwithstanding all he had said, they must not think he was insensible to the pecu liarly kind manner in which they had been pleased to express their sense of his labours, and it would be the more ungrateful in him if he were so, when he called to mind his past career, and remembered how it was his greatest pleasure, during the best part of his life, when his professional labours were over, to go and attend the meetings of the different societies for the advancement of knowledge, espe cially those of the Geological Society. He need not tell them that on those occasions he listened to the admirable discourses of some of the first men of the day, all of them animated by the best spirit, the spirit that ought to animate such assemblies, and among them to none with greater profit and in struction than to the words which fell from the elo quent lips of their goold old friend, the president of that society. He must also bear his tribute to the truly Christian and British character of Sir John Richardson, who had set an example for all who came after him. From the hasty glance he had cast over their museum, it appeared to him that it contained the means for conveying a most admirable elementary knowledge of the leading types and forms of extinct anithals. The young student with a very small amount of elementary knowledge, would, if he availed himself of the advantages which it offered, be able to lay a most admirable substratum for further research. He felt it was a great honour and credit to be called on to address an audience such as was assembled the previous night, and he could only, in return for their kind ness, express his best wishes for the success of their institution, and for the prosperity of Kendal generally. (The learned professor resumed his seat amid general and continued applause.) BORNEO AND SIR 'TAMES BROOKE MEETING OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AT BIRMINGHAJIL A special meeting of the Chamber of Commerce at Birmingham was held on Friday afternoon, for the purpose of considering the propriety of me morialising, Government on the subject of Rajah Brooke's proposal for obtaining protection for Sarawak. Mr. G. DOWNING, one of the vice presidents, took the chair. The CHAIRMAN, in the course of a few introduc tory remarks, said that he knew but little of Sir James Brooke or his doings, beyond being aware that he was an adventurous English gentleman, who took up his residence on an Island until then unknown to commerce, became its rajah. and was recognised and sustained in this position by the English Government. It being now a question whether the protection affordedto the settlement was to be continued, it was for that Chamber to decide whether the matter was one with which they should interfere. Without having thought much about it, his own impression was that it was more a matter for the politician and the statesman. That meeting, however, had been called for the purpose of having the subject ventilated, and it was possible that it might be shown to have an important bearing on the com mercial interests of this country, as well as the interests of civilisation. Prima facie, every newly developed country must have wants, and England was the nation most able to supply those wants, whatever they might be. Mr. S. S. LLOYD moved the adoption of a memo rial similar to that which the merchants of the City of London had adopted in relation to this matter. The motion having been seconded, Mr. PHILIP MUNTZ said he did not profess to know much of the virtues and talents of Sir James Brooke; but, as far as the newspapers told him the facts, the real question was this—that if any gen tleman of private fortune thought proper to fit out a vessel, go round the world, and take possession of an island by hook or by crook, he might do so. It was true the Sultan of Borneo was said to have granted this island, but it was just as Oude was granted to us, Texas to the United States, and so on wherever the weak sought the protection of the strong. Having got possession of Sarawak, and holding it, the question now raised was whether, if it was beneficial to our trade—which he (Mr. Muntz) dissented from—England ought not to give it protection, appoint a governor, send out soldiers, ships, a bishop, and all the other machi nery of a regular English colony : He altogether disapproved of this. The principle of grabbing what a man could get might be very fashionable in such matters, but it was not very safe. Every attempt to acquire territory by fraud was danger ous. The narrow escape our Indian empire had just had was traceable to our annexation of Oude, to which we had no more right than we have to Borneo. (Hear, hear.) 'Suppose that some native or Borneo were to fit out a vessel, fill it with men, take possession of the Isle of Wight, and do all he could to keep it. Would he not be hanged to the very first tree that could be found high enough ? He (Mr. Muntz) did not propose to have Sir James Brooke hanged as a pirate. He believed he was a fine courageous - A.11 , 3 *r, crud that -his motives were good. It was the principle of the thing on which he grounded his objection. Commercial relations were never benefited by violence. We have no need for new colonies as long as Australia and New Zealand are ours. Why go into the tropics to find a new settlement, when we have Singapore only a few hundred miles off, amply sufficient for all coaling purposes ? It was all very well to talk about the interests of Christianity ; but it was a queer sort of Christianity which made them go thousands of miles to drive the Bible down people's throats with a bayonet. (Hear.) He should move as an amendment that the Chamber do not memo rialise the Government on the subject. Mr. WARREN seconded this amendment. Mr. JOSEPH STURGE said he was anxious to know from those who called the meeting why Sarawak should be made an English settlement more than 50 other places. Upon these gentlemen lay the onus probandt of showing that Sir James Brooke had an equitable title to the property which he now wished to exchange for the money of the people of England. He (Mr. Sturge) was prepared to maintain that his title to it was only that of a pirate. The promoters of the meeting ought also to show that the transfer would be advantageous to the people of England. Mr. J. S. WRIGHT read a letter addressed to him by Messrs. Gilbart and Robottom, members of the Chamber, from which the following is an extract: —" It is well known that Borneo is an island of very considerable resources ; and with the security of an established settlement there, it would rapidly advance, and become as prosperous and valuable to us as Java is to the Dutch people ; either directly or indirectly its exports already embrace large quantities of antimony ore, vegetable tallow, tin, rattans (much used in this town), gambia, gums, sago, and sago flour, which latter articles have be come very important to some of our British manu factures; and if our Government by a formal act of recognition give the necessary security to the en terprise of the great capitalists in the eastern trade, there is no doubt but the pearl shell fisheries would be developed and attention paid to the cultivation of such articles as coffee, cotton, indigo, black and white pepper, &c., for which thq climate of Borneo is admirably suited. It is highly important to the trade of this country that every encouragement should be given to increase the supplies of these articles, and it seems to us desirable to prevent, so far as we can, any adverse or ill-considered move ment on the part of her Majesty's Government, cal culated to withdraw the protection and security of the British flag from this important settlement. We may state, moreover, from private advices, that Sarawak is ready to take any number of convicts from India, which would be a relief to the govern ment, as the Andamans can receive but a small number, while in Sarawak their work would be available, and attended with comparatively slight expense. It is said that this movement will receive some opposition from those who are prepardd to attack the conduct and proceedings of Sir James Brooke in establishing himself at Sara wak, but we think, and believe we think rightly, that this point should not be allowed to interfere with the consideration of the commercial impor tance of the settlement, and with the great desir ability of securing it not only . to English commerce, but also from the enterprising activity of Dutch traders." Mr. Wright went on to say that he thought they could not overrate the importance of the question. He believed that this country was destined to develop the natural resources of Borneo, as well as its religious and intellectual power. The monopolising spirit of the Dutch in the Eastern Archipelago ought to make the English Govern ment and people act with caution ere they sacrificed any hold they now possessed in that region. At Singapore everything was free in accordance with our advanced ideas as to commerce, but at Java and the other Dutch settlements the most narrow spirit prevailed, as well as slavery and forced work. Every article of British merchandise had to pay an import duty of 10 per cent. (Mr. Fletcher : Thirty five per cent.) Looking at the importance of Borneo, in a commercial sense, but more especially as a station for English shipping, he felt that the question was as important a one as the chamber could take into consideration. He admitted that he looked upon Sir James Brooke as a nineteenth century buccaneer • but even if they . disapproved of some of his acts, this ought not to influence their opinion of a matter which had an important bear ing on the interests of civilisation. If a few thousand pounds would get rid of him—for it was certainly an anomalous thing to find an English man a Rajah—probably the money would be well spent. Mr. T. C. SALT maintained that as a question of morality they ought to maintain the settlement at Borneo. There has been nothing but rapine and piracy in those seas for 200 years, and English power was the only thing which would put it down. If it were a mere trading question he should have the greatest contempt for it, unless it had a bear ing on civilisation. He should move as an amend ment that a sub-committee be appointed to inquire into the subject and report. This was seconded by Mr. J. STURGE, and Mr. Muntz withdrew his proposition in its favour. Mr. S. S. LLOYD said the question stood thus. Here was a colony of our countrymen in possession of a certain tract of country. Whether they were so rightly or wongly, there they were, with Mr. Muntz's special horror, a bishop, alive and kicking for the last twelve years. (Laughter.) They were bound to assume that every Englishman was a just and honest man, until they found him to be other wise. Sir James Brooke had been exonerated by a Government commission, and he had been honoured by her Majesty; and therefore upon Mr. Sturge and those who thought protection should be with. drawn lay the onus probandi to show cause. He (Mr. Lloyd) did not agree with Mr. Muntz about the impolicy or anti-Christianity of our taking pos sesion of territory in other parts of the world. If this was true, the United States were the greatest sinners alive. The Indians of Florida, Texas, and California were having their throats cut in turn for the sake of territory. But in this case there was no blood to be shed. The question was simply whether a body . of our countrymen, having formed a settle ment in the Eastern Archipelago, and having asked us to cover "them with the British flag, were to be left without the protection they asked. Mr. STURGE asked how many Englishmen were at Sarawak ? His impression was that there were about a dozen. Mr. LLOYD—They were sufficient to put down an insurrection got up by several thousand Chinese. Mr. FLErcHER—And out of the " dozen" Euro peans thirty were killed. Mr. WRIGHT moved, as an amendment, "That a memorial from this chamber be sent to Government, praying for preliminary inquiry into the advantages likely to result to civilisation and commerce from taking possession of Sarawak. and how far such possession can be taken in equity to Sir James Brooke and the Sultan and natives of Borneo." Mr. BROWETT seconded this motion at some length. He showed that the conduct of Sir James Brooke had been approved, after discussion in the House of Commons, by a majority of 230 to 19; and in reference to the advantages of granting protec tion to Sarawak, admitted that in his eyes the great point was its convenience as a naval station. He believed Sir James had been a benefit to society. After some remarks from Mr. Robottom as to the natural resources of Borneo, and from Mr. Lloyd in favour of the chamber coming to an opinion of its own on the facts, the Chairman closed the debate by admitting that he saw no reason why this coun try might not purchase Sir J. Brooke's right, if it were likely to be advantageous, seeing that posses sion of the country had not been obtained by un justifiable means. On a division, Mr. Wright's amendment was car ried, and the proceedings then closed with a vote of thanks to the chairman. MR. J. CLAY, M.P., ON FRIENDLY SOCIETIES: On Friday evening Mr. J. Clay, M.P., attended a party of about 190 members and visitors of the James Clay Lodge of the Order of Ancient Druids, at the Whittington and Cat, Castle-row, Hull. Mr. Warriner, the Chief Druid of the lodge, presided, having on his right Mr. Clay, who, at a lodge held the same evening at the Blue Bell, Market-place, had been " made ' a Druid. After the usual loyal toasts, the CHAIRMAN, in a brief historical speech, proposed "The healthpfJames Clay, Esq., and the Lodge," which was received with much applause and drunk with honours. Mr. CLAY, in acknowledging, the compliment, said politics were very well in their place, butthere were other subjects quite as much worthy of atten tion, and amongst those subjects he knew of few more interesting, especially to the working classes, than the history and the knowledge of the spirit of societies such as this, which have so great an influ ence on the happiness of the people. What did the friendly societies of this country mean ? The friendly societies of this country constituted one of the most remarkable, monuments of the providence and foresight of the people which the history of the world affords. They meant an institution in which probably one-third of all the people of England and Wales were deeply interested ; because the members alone of these societies exceeded two millions, and almost all, or at least the greater portion, of those members had famil;es. It by no means, therefore, appeared an exaggeration to say that one-third of the whole population of the United Kingdom were interested in the good conduct and success of those societies. They meant further, that a sum of up wards of £9,000,000 sterling had been collected by tnese societies to lie (Usti - MU - Lea specially uu objects of charity ; they meant that a sum of more than one million annually was dispensed by these societies in the relief of the aged and the sick. These few figures justified him in what he had said, viz., that these societies appeared a monument of the goodness and forethought of our people, such as was wholly, unprecedented in the history of the world. As to the Druids' society, he most cordially agreed with the chairman, that it would be for the best interests of such a society to be enrolled. (Cheers.) Without enrolment there was no security from frauds, and uo security for the permanence of their charitable intentions. Another benefit from enrolment was that it compelled the society to have its rules sub mitted to the examination of a thoroughly educated and practical actuary, who must certify that the scale of contribution and of distribution was such as would ensure that those contributions would be adequate for the return of the money in the time of sickness and old age—thus giving to these societies the elements of permanence. There was no fear of these societies in general not answering for 10 or 15 years, but it was when societies became 30 years of age that their funds were most severely tested, and it was most essential that the members should know that their funds would be forthcoming for the charitable objects for which they were now bestowing their money and their time. Again by enrolment, these funds were limited to be distributed in no other way but for the charitable purposes for which they were con tributed. Beyond all this there was connected with these societies a fund—an excellent and beau tiful feature for which no compulsory payments were ever made, but resting entirely upon their voluntary offerings—viz., a fund for the support of their widows and orphans. (Cheers.) He felt quite sure, from the way that remark had been re ceived, that branch of the society would be encou raged and go on to prosperity. He proposed to himself the pleasure of making the first contribu- tion towards the formation of a widows' and or phans' fund in connection with the James Clay Lodge, and for that purpose would the next day, or within a few days, place a cheque in the hands of their treasurer, hoping that the example would be followed by others who could well afford it. Mr. Clay further expressed his strong conviction that no man ever joined any of these societies with out becoming morally a better man. If any one asked him whether the Druids had made him a better man, his answer would be that, if he was a bad one, he would have been a much worse man had he not joitted them. He also urged upon the members to induce young men to join them, be cause it was evident if none but aged men were members the society could not succeed. Mr. Clay commended these societies for the spirit of brother hood which they encouraged, and that sober mirth which formed the best relaxation after toil, THE NAVY: The screw steamship Victor Emmanuel, 91, Capt. S. Wilcox, and the Racoon, 22, Captain J. A. Paynter, left the Channel fleet in Plymouth Sound on Friday, for Portsmouth. The Racer, 11, Com mander the Hon. T. Pakenham, was appointed to follow them, but the heavy weather will probably delay her departure. The steam frigate Euryalus, 51, Capt. J. W. Tarleton, is appointed to go to Os borne to embark Prince Alfred ; she will probably be detached from the fleet for a cruise in the Medi terranean. _ _ _ The screw steamship Russell, 60, Capt. H. A. Storey, with her tender, the steam gunboat Hind; left Plymouth on Friday, for coastguard service at Falmouth. The Stork, 2, gunboat, attached to the Excel lent, at Portsmouth, was employed on Friday and Saturday last in trying an experimental gun of 95 cwt. on the rifle principle. On Saturday, about half-past 12 o'clock, while firing at the iron sides of the Alfred, the gun burst outside the horns of the carriage, carrying away the foremast and mainmast and a portion of the woodwork on the upper deck. In expectation of some mischief every precaution had been taken for the safety of the men, and no injury resulted to life or limb. On Saturday notice was issued at the Admiralty that the distribution of ,the reward voted by Par liament to the officers, seamen, and marines, for the destruction of pirates in the China seas by her Majesty's ships Spartan, Encounter, Styx, and Bar racouta, and the boats of the Winchester and Spar tan, between the 30th May and 12th Nov., 1854, will commence this day (Monday, Oct. 11), in the prize branch of the department of the Accountant- General of the Navy, Somerset-house. THE ARMY. A telegraphic message arrived at the head-quar ters of the Royal Engineer establishment, Chatham, on Saturday morning, directing the remaining de tachment of the Royal Engineers under orders to proceed to British Columbia, which it was errone ously stated had embarked, to leave Brompton Bar racks immediately:for Gravesend, where they are to embark on board the Thames City, 1,500 tons. Im mediately on receipt of the order the men, to the number of 128 non-commissioned officers and Sap pers and Miners, were inspected on the parade ground and afterwards marched to the Strood sta tion, and left by train for Gravesend. The officers accompanying the detachment are Capt. H. R. Lieuts. A. R: Lempriere and H. S. Palmer. Col. R. C. Moody, R.E., also . goes out in command of the expedition. The Thames City is very heavily laden .with every description of stores that will be required by the Sappers and Miners in the duties they will have to perform on arriving in' British Columbia. They will take out with them telegra phic apparatus, portable railroads, portable boats, printing presseg; steam engines for the erection of sawmills, photographic apparatus, and an immense assortment of sapping and mining and other tools. The whole of the men belonging to the expedition are volunteers for that special service, and have been selected with great care. They will be granted a liberal rate of pay, which in most cases will be at the rate of about ss. per day, in addition to which they will enjoy many other advantages, and at the end of a few years' service they will be permitted to settle in the colony, should they be so disposed, with the grant from the Government of about 60 acres of land. Cap. R. M. Parsons and 20 men of the Royal Engineers have already departed: for Columbia by the overland route in the steamer Panama; and Capt. J. M. Grant and 12 men sub sequently left Brompton Barracks for British Columbia, also, by the same route. When the pre sent detachment has reached Columbia the total force of Royal Engineers there will consist of six officers and 158 non-commissioned officers and men. The screw steam-ship Indomitable, Capt. Kitt, i 1 arrived at Gravesend on Friday . night from Cal cutta with a large party of sick and wounded troops, chiefly from Lucknow and Delhi, on board. Her dates are, Calcutta, May 23 ; Saudieads, May 28 ; and St. Helena, Aug. 25, the passage from Calcutta to Gravesend being a very tedious one of 138 days, caused chiefly by calms and adverse winds. The invalids, to the number of 2 sergeants and 98 rank and file, belonging to the sth Fusi leers, 23d Royal Welsh Fusileers, 42d Royal High landers, 53d, 64th, 79th Highlanders, 88th Con naught Rangers, and 90th Light Infantry Regi ments, with 2 women and 5 children, reached Cal cutta, and embarked on the 18th of May, under the command of Capt. H. H. Moseley, .42d High landers, and Lieut. G. Taylor, 53d Regiment, and in medical charge of Dr. Brown. The following officers came home as passengers—viz., Lieut. W. S. C. Standish, formerly of the 7th Hussars ; Lieut. G. W. Graham, 10th Foot ; Lieut. G. W. H. Bus sell, 23d Regiment ; Lieut. J. Young, 79th High landers ; and Ensign J. F. Ilaig, 90th Light In fantry. During the voyage a great deal of sick ness prevailed on board, and one officer, Lieut. G. ' Haynes 7th Hussars, who was invalidedhome, and. 14 men died, making the number of those who dis embarked 86 men of all ranks. On Saturday morn ing the sick and wounded troops disembarked at Gravesend, and were conveyed to Fort Pitt Hos pital, Chatham, where they were medically in spected, and a number who required further surgical treatment were admitted into hospital ; the remainder were sent to the invalid establish ment, St. Mary's Barracks, to await their dis charge. On Saturday morning the following reinforce ments embarked from Custom-house-quay, Graves end, on board the Blenheim, 800 tons, Captain T. Hedley, which has been taken up by the Hon. Council of India for the conveyance of detachments to Kurrachee—viz. 35 men of the 81st Regiment and 20 men of ;he 94th, from Chatham ; 16 men of the 27th Enniskillens, 12 of the 87th Royal Irish Fusileers, and 15' men of the 89th Regiment, with the following officers : —Captain J. Vim O'Donnell, 27th Regiment ; Ensign William H. Warren, 818 t Regiment ; and Ensign A. A. Von Beverhoudt, 87th Regiment. On the previous day the Havering, 775 tons, Capt. C. Vane, embarking the following reinforcements at Gravesend for Madras :---12 men of the Ist batta lion Ist Royals, 30 men of the 44th Regiment, and 55 men of the 66th Regiment, from Colchester ' • 12 men of the 60th Royal Rifles, 3d battalion, from Winchester ; 14 men of the 74th Highlanders, from Aberdeen ; and 50 men of the 91st Regiment. The following are to embark in the Havering at Cork— viz., 116 men of the 68th Light Infantry, and 18 men of the 69th Regiment, from Fermoy, the whole proceeding to Madras. The 14 battalions of Royal Artillery at Wool wich, the majority of which have been reduced to the most scanty proportions in consequence of the numerous draughts despatched to India, are in a fair Nvey of being speedily reinforced to their origi nal numbers. Since the commencement of the pre sent month some of the battalions have registered from 10 to 16 recruits each per day, the whole of whom are young men of the most useful and ac ceptable class, such as agricultural labourers, mechanics, grooms, clerks, &c. A detachment of 80 gunners, in charge of three non-commissioned officers, left Woolwich :on Satur day for distribution among the various companies in Ireland. On Friday a detachment of troops left the camp at Colchester en route for the Madras Presidency. The detachment was 99 strong, and consisted of 55 men of the 66th Regiment, 31 of the 44th, and 13 of the Ist battalion Ist Royals. Another and larger body of troops is under orders for Bengal, This de tachment will be drawn from the following regi ments :-sth Fusiliers, 60 ; 6th Royals, 23 ; 34th, 60; 37th, 25; 38th, 20; 54th, 60; 88th (Connaught Rangers), 38; and97th, 40; making a total of 326 rank and file. On Friday, at noon, Sir Harry Smith, Inspector- General of the Northern District, reviewed the Ist battalion of the Rifle Brigade on Newcastle-on- Tyne-moor. After the review Sir Harry addressed the men, and expressed the pleasure it gave him to have again under his command the regiment which had so gallantly served under him at the Cape of Good Hope in 1849, since which time this was the first occasion on which he had seen them. He alluded to the distinction the regiment had won in the Peninsula, in Africa, in America, and in the Crimea—in fact, wherever there was fighting, there were the green jackets. Referring to the fact that the majority of the men wore medals, he said that that fact reflected the very highest credit on the brigade ; the glory of England's soldiers was the glory of England herself. Barracks have been completed at Grantham, occu pying a space of 142 feet by 222 feet. The exterior is of rough blue stone, with dressed facings, The parade-ground is 180 feet long and 120 feet in width, and a covered drilling shed is provided. The magazine is bomb proof. Colour-Sergeant Pratt and Sergeant Motley, 44th Regiment, have been awarded silver medals and £l5 for good conduct and lengthened service. A spacious building is in course of erection in Woolwich Arsenal, which is intended as a reposi tory for models belonging to the Royal Carriage Department—viz., model gun carriages, platforms, mortar beds, targets, ambulance carts, invalid cots, &c. The new church recently erected in Woolwich Dockyard for the use of the corps of Royal Marines, as well as for the artisans and others employed in the Admiralty establishment, is now complete. The architect is Mr. G. G. Scott. The building is of the early English style. It consists of a nave, aisles, and chancel, and is fitted with side and end galleries. The dimensions are—length of nave from west doorway , to chancel arch, 91ft. 6in.; width, 60ft. ; chancel, 30ft. 4in.; height of exterior walls to the eaves, 30ft.; height to ridge of roof, 73ft. The walls are built of hard stocks, faced with chequered patterns of red, blue, and black Staf fordshire bricks. The plinths, strings, doors, win dows, and other dressings are of Bath stone. It stands east and west longitudinally, presents a solid and compact mass of building, and is extremely picturesque. The church has been designed to accommodate 1,500 persons, and the cost is about £9,500, being at the rate of £6 10s. per sitting. THE MILITIA. The West Kent Regiment of Light Infantry Mi litia, under the command of Col. Sir T. M. Wilson, was inspected on Friday last, in the Barrck square, at Maidstone, by Col. Douglas, the Deputy Adjutant-General of Disembodied Militia, and re ceived compliments from the Colonel for their good conduct and appearance. The Artillery Regiment of Militia, under Lieut.- Col. Cator, was inspected on Saturday last on the Western lei g hts, at Dover, by Colonel Brown, the Commandant of Royal. Artillery in Dover gar rison, and received great praise for the excellent target practice made by the re,giment from the batteries in Dover Castle. Both regiments have completed training, and -were also reviewed, pre vious to their dismissal, by the Lord Lieutenant of the county of Kent. The Northumberland Artillery Militia, under the command of Lieut. -Col. Clementson, after un dergoing their 21 days' drill at Hexham, was on Thursday brought by special train to Clifford's Fort, at the mouth of the Tyne, where they have been disbanded. The conduct of the men has been highly satisfactory. The King's Own Rifle Regiment of Staffordshire Militia will assemble at Newcastle-under-Lyne . on Tuesday, the 19th Oct., for 21 days' training and exercise. The 2d Regiment of Derbyshire Militia assem bled at Derby last week, under the command of Lieut.-Col. F. Cavendish, for 21 days' training and exercise. _ _ The Duke of Richmond, Lord Lieutenant of the county, has issued an order that the Royal Sussex Militia are to assemble on Wednesday,. the 20th inst., for 21 days' training and exercise. The muster will take place at Lewes. An address has been presented to the officers of the Fermanagh Militia, lately stationed at Great Yarmouth, and removed from that town in conse quence of disturbances having arisen between some of the privates and a portion of the townspeople. The address is of a complimentary character, and has been signed by the mayor and a number of the inhabitants of Yarmouth. • The hired steam transport Melbourne left Ply mouth Sound on Friday afternoon for Queenstown, Ireland, with the 2d Staffordshire Regiment of Militia, consisting of 29 officers and 817 rank and file, besides women and children. The 2d Warwick Militia Regiment, 650 strong, which left Aldershot on Friday afternoon, arrived at Plymouth by the South Devon Railway on Saturday morning. THE CIiARGE OF COINING TURKISH PIASTRES. COMMITTAL OF MR. MOSS. On Saturday, before the Birmingham magistrates, Mr. Thos. Moss, described in the charge-sheet as a Manchester merchant, but who, it appears, is sim ply managing clerk for the house of Otho lamson and Co., of that city, was brought up on remand charged with being concerned with Antonio Cal vocoressi, already committed, in having a large quantity of Turkish piastres coined. The evidence provmg that he had accompanied Calvocoressi from one sinker to another, though informed by the first. that what they were about was illegal, was given in the Sun of Saturday. The principal adthtional testimony on which the prosecution relied as proving complicity was the following letter addressed to Messrs. Wood, of Bir mingham " Manchester, March 10. " Gentlemen-0* friend Mr. Calvocoressf is anxious' to know if you can do anything in the matter for which we called on you last week. The sample we left with you. As he has had another communication from abroad respecting it we shall be glad to hear from you.—Yours respectfully, per pro. Otho Hamson and Co., "THOMAS Moss." Messrs. Wood, in reply, said : " Gentlemen,—ln reply to yours of the 10th we have met with a party who will make the article you require, and shall be glad to introduce you to him ; but as you cnow there is some doubt as to the legality of producing them, we would rather not run any risk in the matter, but leave you to arrange with the party themselves. The party in ques tion is quite willing to make any quantity on advantageous terms. Mr. Otho Hamson was called to prove that he had no knowledge of the transaction named in the letter, having left Manchester for Constantinople in June, 1857, and only returned in May last. Pri soner, he said, had been in his employ for five years, and conducted the business of the firm in his ab sence. Witness was first made aware that Cal vocoressi had been doing business with Messrs. Wood by receiving, at the latter end of June, an invoice for the copper used. He at once handed the invoice to Calvocoressi, and told Messrs Wood that the copper had not been ordered on the account of his (Mr. Hamson's) firm. On being asked by Mr. Motteram (counsel for the prosecution) whether the letter of March 10 was in prisoner's handwriting, the witness hesitated a good deal. It looked like it, but he had seen the same handwriting imitated very much ; it was more like Moss's handwriting than anybody else's, but ultimately he said he be lieved it was his. Mr. Motteram asked whether he authorised the letter of the 10th March to be written or not? Mr. Hamson—l was away when this note was written. I could not give authority when I was away-. Mr. Motteram—Didyou give authority generally for the ordering of copper for Turkish piastres P A good deal depends upon the answer, Mr. Harding (Moss's solicitor)—You may decline to answer that, if you like. Witness—Then I do decline. Mr. Motteram—Then you may stand down ; I have no other questions to ask you. Subsequently, on the nature of the position in which his answer placed him had been explained, Mr. Hamson said that, being a foreigner, he had not properly understood the question put. The pri soner had a general authority to write letters on witness's business by procuration, but witness had no knowledge of the matter referred to in the letter of March 20 either before or at the time it was written. Moss had no instructions from him in such a matter, and the first he knew of it was when the copper invoice was sent by Messrs. Wood at the end of June: He said that he scolded Moss for perilling the credit of the firm in this way, but believed it had been done out of friendship for Calvocoressi, Mr. Moss not knowing the consequences. Mr. M'Neil, managing clerk for Messrs. Wood, then deposed, in continuation of the evidence pre viously given, that a few days after the letter of March 12 had been sent to Manchester Calvoco ressi and another person (not Moss) called on them in Birmingham. Witness accompanied these two to Dipple's,introduced them, and stoodby while the order was given, but made Calvocoressi, his friend, and Dipple understand that the transaction was not with Messrs. Wood, but between themselves. In reply to Mr. Harding witness said that when Calvocoressi and Mr. Moss went to Mr. Heaton's and Mr. Bowler's Calvocoressi took the lead in the conversation. Witness regarded Mr. Moss simply as the clerk or buyer of Hamson and Co., having done business with him in that capacity for several years. When witness left Heaton's his impression was that the making of coins would be illegal. Went to Bowler's afterwards because it was near, and because he was not exactly satisfied. Mr. Wood, on being called by Mr. Harding, ad mitted that in going from Mr. Bowler's to the hotel Moss said to Calvocoressi, " You see you must t an authority ,• I would advise you to get it." Witness regarded Mr. Moss simply as introducing a foreigner who wanted to do business in Birming ham, as he had often previously done. George Glossop, superintendent of the Birming ham detective police, deposed that when he appre hended the prisoner on the charge of being con cerned with Calvocoressi in betting the coins made, Moss said, " You must be mistaken ; I had nothing to do with it." On being told that he had been identified as having . accompanied Calvocoressi to Mr. Heaton's he said, " No such thing ; I never was at Heaton's ; I don't know him ; who is he ?" Witness explained that Heaton was the gentleman to whom they went to get the coins made. Moss then said, " I went nowhere ; it cannot be me ; it must be Mr. Joseph damson, who is now in Coil, stantinel:2le." Afterwards, on witness describing Heaton and Dowler, Moss said, " I might possibly have cal led with Mr. Calvocoressi on other business, but I took no part in the proceeding: whatever." This being the case for the prosecution, Mr- _Harding submitted that there was nothing to prove a guilty knowledge on the part of Mr. Moss, but that he had simply acted in his capacity as clerk to Messrs. Hamson. The I tiagistrates, however, decided on-sending the case bef 'ore a jury, and the prisoner was then com mitted for trial at the borough sessions, which are to be IL old during the present week. Bail was taken for his appearance. We ma y mention that at the close of the hearing Mr. Mott eram acquitted the Messrs. Wood of hav ing been guilty of any intentional impropriety in this serious matter. THE TRAGEDY NEAR PRESTON. (From the Manchester Guardian.) An inquest upon the bodies of Mary Hannah Weinman, who was shot by her lover at Norton, near Garstang, on Wednesday afternoon, and Robert Bond, the murderer, who immediately after the perpetration of the dreadful deed committed suicide, was held by Mr. L. Holden, coroner, Of Lancaster, on Thursday afternoon, at the house of Mr. Nathaniel Calverley Bond, the father of the suicide and murderer. The scene of the dreadful occurrence is on the highway in Porton, at the junction of three roads, one leading to Cockerham, another to Scorton, and the third to Winmarleigh and Preston. Mr. N. C. Bond was formerly a spirit merchant in Liver pool, of the firm of Bond and Procter, and now resides at a mansion named Richmond Grove, as described.. His household consisted of his - wife, the young man Robert, their only son, and a woman servant. The son has for some time past led a dissipated life, and has been much ad dieted to drinking. He is said to have been a per son of considerable educational attainments, and during his short career (he was only 25 years of age) he has visited Australia, America, and other countries. His victim, the young woman Wein man, was 19 years of age ; she lived at a house adjoining that of Mr. Bond, with three brothers, their father and mother being dead. This family rented the house and land they occupied from the father of the deceased. What is certain is that the murderer had conceived a passion for his victim, who did not reciprocate his sentiments towards her, and to the feelings engendered by this fact may be attributed the awful tragedy which we are about to describe. One day last week, Mr. and Mrs. Bond went to Liverpool, leaving their son and the servant in the house, and they did not return till Wednesday afternoon, to behold the blood-stained corpse of the young woman Wainman, and the mangled remains of the suicide. During their ab sence, the murderer conducted himself in a very wild and irregular manner, drinking brandy to ex cess, and exciting such alarm by his conduct that a note was sent to his father requesting him to re turn. He was seen with a loaded gun in his hand, and one of the brothers of Miss Weinman contrived to obtain possession of it, discovering it under a sofa in the house of Mr. Bond, in the absence of its owner. • The murderer, missing the weapon some time afterwards, went and demanded that it should be returned to him • but the persons then in Wain• t man's house (Miss Wainman, and a housekeeper) refused to comply with his request. He uttered a sort of half menace, and went away, saying that he had another gun. A little before 10 o'clock on Wednesday forenoon the murderer appeared at the back door of his father's house, with a single-barrelled gun in his hand, and, as it proved, loaded. Mr. Bond's woman-servant, and the housekeeper at Weinman's, immediately ran away, screaming, from the house towards the gar den. He allowed them to pass, but the moment that Miss Wainman, probably to ascertain the cause of the alarm, appeared at the door of her own house (a distance of about eight yards from where he was standing), he levelled the piece, fired, and dis charged the contents into the right side of her head and neck. The hapless victim fell to the ground covered with blood, her right eye being shot out, and one of her jawbones smashed to pieces. One of her brothers, who was near, hearing the report of the gun, hastened to the spot, lifted his sister's head,"and then seeing her condition, ran into the lane, - calling out " Police !" " Murder !" Mr. Jas. Myerscough, a butcher, from Cockerham, who was passing, attracted by the alarm, came up ; but at first nobody venturned to enter Mr. Bond's house, whither the murderer had went. About six minutes after the first report of the gun a second was heard, and on the parties looking through the drawing room window, they witnessed a most sickening spectacle—the murderer was seated upon a chair, with the gun still in his hands, the top part of his skull blown off, and his brains scattered on the ceil ing and in various parts of the room. Hence, it is -obvious, that as soon as he had despatched his innocent victim, he re-entered the house, and made preparations for despatching himself. He had reloaded the gun, and after seating himself, placed it between his knees, the muzzle in his mouth, and pulled the trigger with the tongs, which were found still in his hand. He was, of course, quite dead. The poor girl lingered in great agony for nearly an hour, when death ended her sufferings. Her dress was covered with blood, and she presented a sorry sight. The author of this crime was, however, far worse disfigured, and his appearance made the jurymen turn sick and pale, as the corpse had not been disturbed, and was still sitting in the chair when they viewed it. The above facts having been substantially given in evidence, the coroner briefly addressed the jury, who returned a verdict of " Temporary insanity.' The occurrence has caused the most painful feel ings throughout the whole district. The conduct of the murderer is in some measure unaccountable, but he appears to have primed himself with drink prior to committing the double crime. Both corpses, we understand, will be interred on Sunday next, the murderer in Cockerham churchyard, and the young woman, (who was a Roman Catholic, in the burial ground belonging to the chapel in in marleigh. PRUSSIC ACID. With a view to complete the theory of =esthetics, M. Ozanam some time ago insti tuted a series of experiments on prussic or hydrocyanic acid in a gaseous state, the results of which he has now laid before the Academy of Sciences. His chief object was the demonstra tion of this general law, viz., that all volatile or gaseous matter having carbon for one of its consti tuents has anmsthetic properties in proportion to the carbon it contains ; and this law is verified in the highest degree by hydrocyanic acid. In its most concentrated state death of course is instan taneous, but when diluted in the ratios of 1 to 5, 1 to 20, 1 to 40, or 1 to 100, its effects are of various intensity. The temperature must be taken into account, since prussic acid boils at 27 degrees cen tigrade (80.6 Fahr.), and emits Tapours in propor tion to the heat of the weather ; M. Ozanam's ex periments were therefore conducted under tem peratures of between 5 and 10 degrees centigrade (41 and 50 Fahr.) If attenuated to 1-40th, hydro cyanic acid produced, when inhaled, much the same degree of anaesthesia, as oxade of carbon, and. at 1-100th that of carbonic acid ; but this state can not be prolonged, as in the case of the latter—the inhalation must be stopped the moment the first signs of the action of the acid appear. The animal being then left to itself, the three stages of anaes thesia, viz., excitation, collapse, and a return to consciousness, succeed_ each other as usual. But if the inhalations be continued to the second period of coma, death is the inevitable consequence. The stage of excitement is marked by such violent to tanic shocks that the animal is often projected to a distance of several feet ; the heart beats with great rapidity, and respiration is interrupted by muscular contractions. This state lasts from 30 to 60 secs., when the collapse commences, the eyeballs arc ra pidly dilated, the eyes protrude from their sockets, and all the members are paralysed. But while sharp instruments and hard blows are unavailing to rouse the animal from its state of insensibility, a slight shock is sufficient to cause a renewal of the convulsions. During this period the action of breathing only manifests itself by hiccups at long intervals ; the pulsations of the heart are rare and weak. By degrees, if too large a quantity of the acid has not been inhaled, the circulation be comes more regular, and there only remains an anaesthetic slumber which lasts from 5 to 15 mi nutes. After this there is a slow return to sensi bility, the animal begins to move its fore legs first and its hind legs afterwards, about 25 minutes after the commencement of the experiment, it returns to its previous normal state. When death has been produced theby b e d x y c , e i s s s i f v o e u n i d n h t o a b a e t i o b n l a , o t k h , e b ü b t l blood, t od, on soon turns red again in the air. The smell of bitter almonds, which the body at first exhales, disappears in a short time, and no t race o f the acid can be dis covered by any test. Prussic acid would therefore be the only poison producing death without being traceable, were it not that the microscope shows the primitive nervous tubes broken in various places. Sometimes also the larynx and trachea are slightly inflamed. M. Ozanam concludes his paper by stat ing that oxygen is an effectual antidote against prussic acid. Until respiration is entirely stopped, oxygen may . be successfully administered by inha lation, but it must be administered for 10 or 12 mptoms reappear. minutes at least, else the sy FREE TRADE IN FRANCE. The Echo Agricok has the following remarks on the consequences of the twofold application of the principle of free trade in the butchers' trade in Paris and in the importation of foreign cattle : " Six months have elapsed since the butchers' trade was declared free in Paris, and the tariff of meat and the Caisse de Poissy were at the same time suppressed. The throwing open of the butchers' business has up to this time produced excellent effects ; and it could not be otherwise at a period when arrivals are easy and prompt, when the bases of credit are perfectly established, and where the consequences of free competition are known and appreciated. At the time of the promulgation of the decree (Ist March, 1858) throwing open the trade, a general outcry was raised by those who are opposed to reforms and changes of all kinds, th 4 Paris would be inundated by a host of butchers of the lowest class, who would only sup ply meat of the worst description, and that the pub lic would be positively poisoned, as all the exertions of the police would be insufficient to prevent the evil. In every memoir published on the question at different periods under the inspiration of the syndicate of the privileged butchers, and thes state ments were, set forth. Nothing of the kind, how ever, has arisen from the reform • scarcely 10 new butchers' shops have been op ene d, and though the weather has been very hot during the last summer, no complaint has been made of bad meat, nor have the seizures been more numerous than previously. During the approaching season a rise in the price of meat may be naturally expected from the partial failure of the hay crop, and the consequent want of forage, which has thrown great difficulties in tho 'way of breeders. This advance, when it takes place, will doubtless, be attributedby the reactionary party to free tradet, but we must beforehand pro test against such an inference. Throwing open the trade could not cause the deficiency in the supply of forage nor pre ven t th e di sease which, in many parts of the country, has committed great ravages among cattle. The decree which reduced the pro hibitive duties on the entry of foreign cattle into France preceded by five years the throwing open of the butchers' trade, having been issued in 1853. Its effects may, therefore, be judged of. 'Whenever a reduction in the import duties was talked of the Protectionists raised a cry of alarm ; Fre nc h agri culture was about t o b e ruined and annihilated ; it was impossible that the French farmers could breed and fatten cattle as cheaply as the Dutch and the Germans, and the French markets would be inun dated with foreign cattle. The protective duties which had been 50fr. per head, were reduced to 3fr., and during the five years that the new tariff has been in force, if complaint has been made, it is that so few foreign cattle have been imported. The re form in the prohibitive laws on the import and ex port of cattle has not caused any disturbance in the agricultural interests of the country, notwithstand ing the predictions of its opponents, and the appli cation of the principles of free trade to butchers will most probably not be attended with a worse effect." COUNTRY MARKETS. NORWICH-Om 9. The markets of the eastern comities haVe been extremely quiet during the last few days, and scarcely any variation can be noted in prices. To-day wheat was in limited sup ply, and last week's prices were supported for all descrip tions. Barley at about late rates. A sample or two of oats were shown, but there was little or nothing doing in beans or peas. Wheat .4os to 43s Oats.... 2ss to 28s White .46s to 48s Beans ..40s to 43s Barley .38s to 40s Peas ....—s to —a Flour, 29s to 29s 6d per sack. YORK-OCT. 9. At to-day's market there was a good show of wheat, but, in consequence of farmers being engaged in out-door work, and in getting seed into the ground, the attendance was limited. Wheat made fully last week's rates. STOCKTON-ON-TEES-Om 9. A limited show of wheat and other grain this morning. Wheat met a steady demand at last week's prices. The best samples of barley were fully as dear. Other kinds of grain receded in value. ROCHESTER—OcT. 9. At the market this morning there was a slow trade, and prices much the same as last week for the best qualities of wheat. Inferior sorts were difficult of sale, at a decline of is to 2s per qr. White wheat, new, 44s to 46s Red do. 39s to 42s Old white 42s to 44s Red do.. 44s to 46s Barley, malting 38s to 40s Barley, grinding 30s to 338 Oats, old, 12st .. —s to —s New do 30s to 31s Beans. 503 to 52s Malt.. 6Bs to 72s CHELM SFORD—OcT. 8. This morning there was a small supply of English wheat, which sold freely at last week's quotations. Foreign was unaltered, and but few parcels offered for sale. Barley was dull. Beans neglected, and fully is to 2s lower. Peas steady. Oats met a dull sale. Wheat, white 46s to 48s Peas, Partridge ..45s to 470 - red 40s to 43s White 42s to 44s Barley 35s to 41s Boiling- 43s to 495 Chevalier ....38s to 41s Dun 45s to 47s Grinding 29s to 33s Beans, Tick ....398 to 41s Malt 70s to 73s Harrow Ticks 39s to 438 Chevalier 728 to 73s Mazagan 37s to 40s Oats 26s to 36s LEICESTER—Om 9. The following were the quotations this morning :—Red wheat, 40s to 45s Od; white, 44s to 48s Od; barley 30s to 40s Od; oats, 30s to 365. DUBLIN—OcT. 2. We had a very dull market again to day, and wheat and barley of all qualities supported Tuesday's currencies. Oats sold at an advance of 6d. Indian corn was unsale able, and quotations nominal. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white 22 6 to 24 0 Do., red 2l 0 to 22 6 Do., new Barley Oats Do., black ll 0 to 13 0 s. d. s. d. Do., new 12 0 to 13 6 Bere . l2 0 to 13 0 Rapeseed 26 0 to 29 0 Oatineal l3 6 to 15 6 Bakers' flour Indian corn 31 0 to 33 6 [ADVERTISEMENT.]—We extract a few out of the many thousand expressions of gratitude from invalids cured with out medicine by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food :—Cure No. 71, of Dyspepsia, from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de Decies.—" I have derived considerable benefit from Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, and con sider it due to yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines.—Stuart de Decies." Cure No. 49,832.—" Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach and vomiting, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Food.—Maria Joly, Wor tham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." Cure No. 47,121.—Mi5s Elizabeth_ Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham-cross, Herts, a cure of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gather ings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure No. 48,314.—. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool : a cure of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irri tability. Cure No. 18,216.—Dr. Andrew. Ure, of constipa tion, dyspepsia, nervous irritability. Cure No. 34,210.--- Dr. Shorland, of dropsy and debility. Cure No. 36,212. Captain Allan, of epileptic fits. Cure No. 42,116. —Major 'Edie, of enlargement of the liver and total prbstration of strength. Cure No. 46,418.—Rev. Dr. Minster, of cramps, spasms, and daily vomitings. Cure No. 76,418.—Dr. Harvey, of diarrhoea. and debility. Cure No. 39,028. —Dr. Wurtzer, of consumption. Cure No. 32,880. William Hunt, Esq., barrister, of paralysis.-- Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of Chemistry, Dr. Andrew Ure, Dr. Harvey, Dr. Shoreland, Dr. Campbell, Dr. Gattiker, Dr. Wurtzer, Dr. Ingram, Lord Stuart de Denies ; Major-General Thomas King, and many other respectable persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed. Suitably packed with full instructions. In canisters, 11b. 2s. 9d. ; 21b. 4s. 6d. ; 51b. 11s. ; 121 b. 225. The 121 b ca nisters are sent carriage free on receipt of a Post-office order. Barry.Du Barry, & Co., 77, Regent-street, London, and through all chemists and grocers in town and country. Important caution against the fearful danger of spurious imitations : The Vice-Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an injunction on the 10th March, 1854, against Alfred Hooper Nevill for imitating i 4 Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica. Food." BIRTHS. BOYD.—On the 7th inst., at Brussels, the lady of J. C. C. Boyd, Esq., of a daughter. BoviL.—On the 7th inst., at Worplesdon Lodge, near Guildford, Mrs..W. Bovil, of a daughter. STAVELY.—On the Bth inst., at 24, Cambridge-street, Hyde-park, the wife of T. G. Staveley, Esq., of a daughter. TOWSE.—On the Bth inst., at 13, Albert-road, Regent's park, Mrs. Robert Beckwith Towse, of a son. MARRIAGES. FREEMAN—BULLOCK.—On the 7th inst., at Clifton parish church, the Rev. Alfred Freeman, son of the late Rev. J. Freeman, of Field-place, near Stroud, Worcestershire)) to Katherine Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the late Ed ward Bullock, Esq., Common Sergeant of the city of London. MILLER — PRILLIPS.—On the Bth inst., at Royston, Thos. Miller, Esq., of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, to Monica Mary, the eldest daughter of John Phillips, Esq., of Royston, Herts. DEATHS. BINDON.—On the sth inst., at St. John's, Newfoundland, , gt at " h a i g s e r d e 7 si B d . BROADBA ence, The Croft, , —On Hastings, the Rev. John Broad, late of Hitchin, Hert fordshire, aged 52. FISHER.—On the 6th Inst., at his residence, Oundle, Nor thamptonshire, William L. Fisher, Esq., aged 46. GARDINER.—OR the Bth inst., at Melb ourne , E s h er , o f di p hth er ia, Schomberg Francis John, last surviving child of Lieut.-Col. Gardiner, R.A., aged 4 years. LANE.—On the Bth inst., at Eldon Villa, Ryde, I. W., Charles Lane, Esq., of Devonshire-street, Portland place, J.P., aged 62. AfACKENZIE.—On the Bth inst., at Edinburgh, the Hon. Mrs. Hay Mackenzie, of Cromarty. WESTERTON.—On the Bth inst., Emma, wife of Charles Westerton, of Knightsbridge, aged 45. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of bilddleses, Monday, October 11, 1858, La we on, ha an, doci pro( or d inst the gen, it N; Yew PreE nati quei His pre( Com talTr and ever Corn ordc num to tl will exar prio obta self adm after at tt of fa Tli ISTavl those respi In be d( for s each, Of rnati, Cand Th obi 1 To 3 ,600 recce reef - f and c obtat An quail will 1 atnin entire No tiona the n 11. Secre hall- , Whief he de ft the A c those to the ON I INC New 1 Tt Sole ley_H bridg chore San gi Oxfoi ttarsl rho lj