The Sun. — London, England, 1869-08-18 00:00:00

P.EARFUL OCCURRENCE ON VIE GREAT NO.RTHERN .RAILWAY. between eleven and twelve o'clock on Monday night a Pilaus collision took place on the Great Northern Rail way at Barnet, whereby one life has already been sacrificed, and several persons have been severely injured. The train, which leaves King's-cross at eleven o'clock for Barnet, had reached its destination, and had been shunted, as was supposed, from the down to the 'Tale, to re turn to London. Instead of this, however, it seems that the train was actually returning on the same line by which it came, and on entering the Whetstone tunnel it came into collision with a goods train, when a fearful scene ensued. The driver of the goods train jumped from the engine just in time to save his life, but the stoker, in a simikr attempt, was seriously contused. The driver and stoker of the passenger train were found lying on the embankment, suffering from severe injuries, and were promptly removed to the Royal Free Hos pital. But the most melancholy part of the story retaa;ns to be told. In the guard's van nearest the engine was the gas tank, and when the collision occurred the tank blew up, and the whole train was set on fire. The guard, who was in the van, had not time to escape, and was burnt to a cinder. The other guard in the rear of the train, in try ing to escape, was much injured, and had to be removed to thn hospital. Several carriages in the passenger train were oonavletely destroyed by fire and the force of the shock, and six or seven of the trucks in the goods train were smashed to pieces. The traffic on the line was altogether suspended. It is believed that the accident was caused by the carelessness of some of the officials, two of whom have already been suspended. THE INQUEST. The inquest on the body of Arthur South, tae guard who lost his life by an explosion of gas on the Great Northern Railway, on Monday, was opened on Tuesday. The doctor called to view the remains stated that when he saw the body on the line of railway, bef ore it had been removed, it, was very much charred. The head was off and the limbs all separated. The thigh-bones only were attached to the body. He could not speak positively as to the primary cause of death. William Cann, station master at Barnet, called to give evidence as to the accident stated that there was a down train due from Ludgate Hill at 11.30, which train stopped at Barnet. After de positing its passengers it was shunted to the up line, and the engine changed its position. Thomas Agadich was the pointsman at the station. He was on duty from nine o'clock in the morning until after the 11.30 train had been shunted. It was also the duty of the pointsman to un conVe the engine from the forepart of the train, and to recoople it again to the end of the train, then to go to the points in order to hold them over for the train to pass on to the up line on its way to Southgate. Witness heard that there was an accident soon after 11.30 on Monday night. He went nearly half a mile up the line. Saw one of the passenger carriages on fire. The engine of the passenger train and two or three luggage waggons were off the line. The engine of the luggage train was on the lice. Saw the body of the deceased soon afterwards. It was lying on the front of the engine, and was much charred. There are other points about forty or fifty yards from the Barnet station. Those points lead into the siding and not on to the main line. The luggage train which be saw off the line left King's Cross at 11.5. It is a fast luggage train and is not therefore timed to pass Barnet station at any given time. The luggage train usually passed after the passenger train had been shunted. The gas was in the same compartment as the guard's break. A collision would pro bably cause the gas to ignite. The " travelling gagoineter,"in which the gas was kept, was, the witness believed, made of inilia-rubber. When the train was reversed the guard's break, in which the gasometer was fitted, was next to the engine. The carriage to which the gasometer was attached was the first one burnt. There is not much of a curve where the accident happened. The guard's box is near the engine. It is the duty of the guard to see that the engine is all right previous to giving the order to go on. He rides in the break-van next to the engine, and has the direction of the train. He directs the driver. It is his duty to see that the points are right before he tells the eriver to move on. He is not the pointsman, but he ought to see that the pointsman has moved the points before he gives the word to go on. The guard gets out and looks at the points before he gives the order to go on.— The Coroner : That seems a very extraordinary arrangement.—lt was a head guard who was killed. — A s orter at the station who was called upon, spoke to the deceased just before the accident happened, but could not tell whether the points weie right. Francis Martin stated that he v - as signalman at the Barnet sta tion, and remembered the train coming down. It arrived at 11.20. He saw the engine taken down, and coupled it at the other end of the train. The tender was then in front. When the driver got in front be asked if "right away, and witness said, " Yes, when they aready.'' Witness had nothing to do with the points. Then he told witness he could go light away. lie signalled to Whetstone that the down-line was clear, and the driver of the luggage train would come ou-. When he signalled, the passenger train was south of his box, and witness thought it uas on the up-line as usintl. He also signalled that the train was going up.—Coroner: Then when you signalled the line clear, it appears it was not clear ? It seems it went on the wrong road. Coroner : Could ycu not see that ?—The steam was blowing off, so I could not see it was on the wrong line. 1 ant not the starting signal ; Ileddich, the porter, starts the train, and the driver should not start without a signal from him. lie should hold over the points, and then wave his lamp as a signal to go on. I signal to the driver " line clear." Heddich then couples the engines on, and afterwards goes to the point, and "holding over" eaves his lamp to go on. I never knew Heddich to miss the points before. The inquiry was adjourned. The Bishop of Lichfield, who held confirmation cervices at Glossop and Hayfield on Sunday, was pre vented from returning to London to attend the funeral of his brother (Lord Justice Selwyn) by a se rere attack of ill= DOSS. TirE PUBLIC HEALTII —Last week the rate of mortality in • London was 26 per 1,000; in thirteen other large towns of the United Kingdom it was 27, in Paris 23, and in Vienna 38. Although the temperature in the past two weeks has been considerably below the average, and heavy rains have fallen, the mortality from diarrhoea has but slightly decreased. In the eleven large English towns including London, 706 deaths were last week referred to this disease, against74linthepreviousweek, again shewing an average annual death-rate of 7 per 1,000 persons estimated to be living in those towns. In the metropolis 2,227 births and 1,591 deaths were registered, the latter having exceeded by 54 the estimated number. The deaths from zymotic diseases were 693, the corrected average number being 593. Five persons died from smallpox, 31 from measles, 114 from scarlet fever, 6 from diphtheria, 68 from whooping-cough, 10 from typhus fever, 12 from enteric fever, and 3 from simple continued fever. The deaths of 22 children and 5 adults from simple cholera were regis tered, and 6 persons were killed by horses or carriages in the streets. The mean temperature during the week was 58'5, or 3'5 below the average. NARROW ESCAPE OF THE 133 SHOP OF HONOLULU. —The confirmation tour of his lordship the Bishop of Honolulu, acting under commission from the Bishop of London, among the English settlers in South America. has been an event of great interest to members of the Church there and at home. The Bishop has returned to Monte Video from Buenos Ayres, Rosario, Frayle Muerto, Cordoba, and the west of the Argentine Confederation, to take steamer for Valparaiso. On the return of the party to Monte Video au accident occurrod which might have proved serious. Just as the Bishop and his party bad entered a small sailing boat to convey them on shore, a brig uncler full sail bore down upon them. In a moment the boat was, under her sides and partially immersed, Most of the party seized the tackle of the brig and tried to get on board her. The Bishop was unable to recover his footing in the boat, and was carried away by the brig, still under full sail, a considerable distance, banging by his hands to the bowsprit and up to his middle in the water. He was eventually rescued by a small boat, none the worse for his wetting. Thanksgivings for his lordship's providen• tial escape were offered the following day at a special cele brat ion of the Holy Communion at Monte Video. A REPORTING MACRINE.—A " stenographic press " has been invented by M. Gensonl. The reporter sits at something like the keyboard of a pianoforte, and, by rpplying his fingers to the keys, prints the words as they drop from the lips of the speaker, syllabreby syllable, on s strip of paper wick rulisalong underneath. When we say this, we do not, of ceuree, mean that the words are printed in letters.. The keyboard appears to lie divided -into there parts of eight keys each. The lea side, worked by the four fingers of the it hand, prints signs which reps , sent initial consonants ; the right, worked by the finvls of the right hare!, prints final consonants ; and the middle, acted on by the two:Aim:o)s, prints the medium vowels. We gather that rornetliirglle a phonetic system of signs is employed. A few months' practice is said to enal.le any operator to follow Lie roost flo!..nt sprakcr with ,ease. We ought to pay that Gensours system renders it unnecessary to tr:o,seribe the copy. - just as with the I.v tvt 1t tor can sc e, from I.lle printed strip Da. to the c,anparative use wri , ing characters with a pen, anal printing them in the wa3 - here described, we can give no opinicn. What we should certainly miss, if the machine came into nse in th galleries of our Houses of Parliament, would be the happy skill with which the reporters condense the speeches from Music notes. We have very few epeakers who could bear to to reported by & machine. —Mechanics' Magazine. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. ELECTION Nrws. Another vacancy has occurred in the louse of Commons. Mr. Charles Moore, M.P. for Tipperary, died on Monday. The deceased representative was 65 years of age, and first took his seat in 1865. Mr. Moore was a Liberal, in favour of tenant-right and of the Irish educational system being placed on a footing of perfect religious equality. Sir John G. Tollemache Sinclair has finally announced his intention of contesting Caithness against Mr. Traill. Sir John is rather late in the field for a county election, and it is said that the whole proprietar7 influence in the county will go against him. But at Thurso, the chief town of the county, the Sinclair family are very popular, and there the new candidate will meet with substantial support. THE (MANGE DEMONSTRATION. In point of numbers and good order the Orange Demonstration at Hilton Park, Clones, was a suc cess. From 20,000 to 30,000 persons were present. The Party Processions Act, to protest against which the assemblage was in part convened, received, how ever, very little respect. Large bodies of Orange men marched from the adjacent counties, with banners flying and drums beating. One of the most vigorous speeches made was that by Captain Madden, who denounced the Party Pro cessions Act as a monstrous injustice, specially directed against the Orangemen. It was only of late years, he said, that the Roman Catholics of Ireland had persuaded themselves that the Orange celebrations were insulting to them. " Many men still living can tell you how Roman Catholics used to spend the evening with Orange lodges, how the drummers and fifers to a large extent were Roman Catholics." Captain Archdall, M.P. for Fermanagh, looked upon the demonstration from another point of view : "As I do not see that any practical measures are to be proposed, and am of opinion that such demonstrations neither promote the cause of Protestantism nor secure the peace and prosperity of the country, but rather tend to endanger both, I regret I can neither attend myself nor urge the attendance of my brethren in this district." A large force of cavalry, infantry, and constabu lary was collected at Clones, but there was no need for its services. THE ABYSSINIAN INQUIRY. The members of Parliament to whom the inquiry into the enormous cost of the Abyssinian campaign is due are determined to spare no pains in order to get at the truth. A report says that Mr. Omr - 11:sh, M.P. for Sunderland, and Captain Beaumont, M.P. for South Durham, are going out to India for the purpose of making inquiries concerning the expendi ture of material during the war. DR. CUMMING AND THE GENERAL COUNCIL. Dr. Cumming, feeling, like many greater men, that the forthcoming (Ecumenical Council is likely to mark an important era in the history of Christianity, has taken great pains to ascertain the precise nature of the plan contemplated by the Pope and his pre lates. His Holiness, it will be remembered, does not wish the Council to be exclusively Roman Catholic ; he has extended the invitation to all Christians, from the Archbishop of Canterbury to the humblest Dissenter. None of these have exhibited any disposition to attend at St. Peter's next December, and Dr. Cumming resolved to represent Protestantism himself. He accordingly accepted the invitation, but th iught it well to learn on what terms the " heretics" would be admitted, and for that purpos3 applied to Archbishop Manning. The latter replied courteously, but was unable to give any information as to whether Prot , stants would be allowed to speak—to state why they hold aloof from Rome, and what concessions would be required in order to bring about a union. However, the Arch bishop sent two of his wor,s4 which the Doctor examined, and found—nothing indeed about the right of Protestants to speak at the Council—but a very definite assertion of tl:e infallibility of the Council. Looking further into the archbishop's books ho saw that no heretic will be heard at a Gen iral Council unless he make certain acknowledg ments—in fact, he now gamed precisely the informa tion the Archbishop could not give him. In orde. to get over this obstacle' Dr. Cumming has written to the Pope for permission to speak, and he now awaits a reply. Should he obtain it, he will. appear in a new character. He formerly prophesied the final downfall of the Papal power at a date which, needless to sty, is now p ist. Now lie will endeavour to prevent that downfall by bringing the prelates to a sense of the error of their ways. MR. ROGERS ON SMALL PROPRIETORS. Mr. James Thorold Rogers, the late Professcr of Political Economy at Oxford, writes to the .11anehestet Examiner upon the subject of Lord Stanley's speech on the land question. Ile points out that " amiable and kind-hearted men," who—as Lord Stanley said —were engaged in advocating the benevolent but retrograde theory of small proprietorships, include " every economist of eminence, from Adam Smith. downward, from Ai thur Young to Mr. Laing." The principle of persant landowners, moreover, is onc— ae-.:ordin.- to Mr. Rogers—destined to be adopted presently for Ireland, and eventually for England. Nor does he think the dangers pointed out by Lord Stanley to he real ones. Small proprietorships will attract capital to the soil rather than repel it. Machines, says Mr. Rogers, may be rented as well as bought. Surely Lord Stanley has heard of co-operation. Is it possible that he has never heard of the principle being applied to agriculture ? They who have made it their business to study the principle, are ready to argue that the success of mechanical contrivances over muscular forces will be rendered vastly more rapid when small proprietorship is the rule. TUE PORTADOWN INQUEST. The inquiry into the cause of the Portadown riots is being conducted in a most extraordinary manner. First, the coroner suddenly and without any cause whatever adjourned it for three weeks, and now that the jury has reassembled, he does little but wrangle with them and the lawyers, except it be when making up his differences with these he joins them in attacking the local press for criticising his conduct. The inquest is described as " a succession of scenes in a most absurd farce." On Monday the coroner wanted to close and have done with it, refused to take any more evidence, and proceeded to give his summing up. But the jurymen protested, and the professional gentlemen would not have it. So the coroner gave way, and again the evidence was gone on with. Will ever a reform be made which will put coroners strong enough to preserve order at inquests such as this ? COTTON SUPPLY. The controversy touching the supply of cotton is still kept up with undiminished spirit. Amongst the latest contribution to the extensive literature of this subject is a noteworthy letter in the Times, pointing out that the competition of other countries is one cause of the increased price of cotton and of the decline in the Lancashire trade. Previously to the American war a community of interest between the Southern planter and the Lancashire manufac turers gave the latter a monopoly in the markets of the world. But this exclusiveness is now at an end : "Even before the American war there were causes in operation gradually but surely tending to alienate this monopoly. Before the war the number of cotton factories in America itself was steadily on the increase, and I believe that in the comparative sparseness of its popula tion to the country occupied rests the sole reason why that country did not previously compete successfully with Eng land for the monopoly in cotton fabrics." Henceforth, this writer says, the production of cotton in America can never be what it was before the war, and the full supply now available will be taken up by America herself. The .21rew York Herald, however, holds a different opinion. In a recent article it expressed the opinion that the growth of cotton in the South would soon equal, if not surpass, the supply before the war, and that England would command most of it. CONSOLS DIVIDENDS. Mr. Lowe's measure for facilitating the payment of dividends on the public stocks has been consum mated by the issue of the Act. This law prescribes that the Bank of England, with the consent of the Treasury, may send warrants through the post, instead of compelling the fundholder to apply for his due in person by agent. These warrants, however, will be sent only to . those persons who apply for them. Dividends on stock falling chic on the 10th October are to become due on the sth October. UTILISATION OF SEWAGE. The Local Board of Leamington are about to dis pose of the town sewage to the Earl of War Wick. Ills lordship undertakes to pay the board £450 per annum for thirty years, in consideration of the board supplying, at their own cost, the sewage of the town to a farm belonging to his lordship, about two miles from Leamington. The local authorities e7ipect to lose £l.OOO a year by the bargain ; but they adopt this course as the only means of getting rid of the commodity which is so valuable as a fer tiliser, but such a nuisance when poured into the rivers. The fact is that the utilisation of sewage, like all new ideas, spreads slowly ; and towns arc not yet able to conclude n-ood bArgaius, though no doubt the article will find' its proper price in time. The Local Board of Banbury have -tried the plan of using the sewage for themselves. They rented a farm about a mile from the town, and poured the liquid over it. The solid matter is detained in tanks, mimed with the sweepings of the streets, and with ashes, and disposed of to canal boatmen, who sell it to the farmers. The rent of the farm is £616 les. Thirty-five acres were laid clown with Italian rye grass, which is now in its third year. During I:i3 the sales of produce realised upwartls of the crops as a whole look magnificent this year, " and excite the astonishment of the neighbouring agri culturists." The liquid, after passing over the land, is poured into the river Cherwell, but no Auisance is complained of now. THE Stf,N, LONDON; WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 18, 1E69. RAILWAYS AND CHITRCH RATES. Most of the railway companies have determined not to pay any more church rates. The Bristol and Exeter shareholders, however, are threatened with a discussion of the question at their next meeting. The subject is specially commented upon in the annual report. The directors point out that, previously to the passing of the compulsory Church Rates Abolition Act, they uniformly declined to contribute to the voluntary assessments which were in existence in many of the parishes through which their line passed, and paid only such rates as were " made and leviable legally on the parish at large." Now that the payment of church rates is a matter of individual option rather than of legal obligation, the directors hold that the same con siderations apply to the present rates as to the previous voluntary assessments. They, however, leave the shareholders to decide whether such rates shall in future be paid; and a Mr. Upcott, of Cullumpton, has given notice that he will move, at the approaching half-yearly meeting, " That the company pay their church rates as hitherto, in general fair:less to other contributors, and on con siderate and equitable grounds ; the land through which their line passes having been purchased with such existing charge, and the present statute requir ing the churchwardens to make and levy a rate in the fair and equitable assumption of its payment." manager, and, consequently, the punncation or tne journal was forthwith suspended. The Ministry can hardly be deemed very severe, however, since the Asino of Florence. a violent journal of the most extreme sort, has been seized forty•three times within the last few months, and is still allowed to continue its publication. The fact is, that the Ministers wish to avoid making a new law or rendering the editors responsible, and hope that the very intolerance of the Opposition journals will weary the public. In Palermo, where the clerical and religious reaction has shewn itself strongly in the Muni. cipal Council, some uneasiness is felt, and the Liberal party is much agitated. There is great bitterness of feel ing between the two parties. nent, with a regular organized system in England of training a considerable proportion of the islanders to settle in the States. To anticipate an interruption to a system so beneficial to both nations is to believe more than we do in the " cussedness " of human nature. hitherto BULL and JONATHAN have been on the other tack, but the change is marked and grow ing more distinct every day. In the first place, the political connection between England and America is doomed, and almost severed. The absorption into one nation of the North American Continent is then so obviously for the advantage of every dweller on it that the end can be safely left to the laws of self-interest. So enormous then will be the Republi can domain, so considerable the foreign element pouring in, even from Asia, that it becomes almost a necessity for the native American to be strength ened by the stock which originally gave to the coun try its prevailing language, institutions, and religion, if he desires to preserve them against those growing influences. Such a Training-School to supply this want could be furnished only by England to the great advantage of the United States, and the more, as the people of both lands assimilate i❑ political in stitutions. Large bodies of citizens whose still loved fatherland was England would then have an in fluence in the Republic, the beneficial effect of which Englishmen do not yet understand, but when they do they will more desire to work out that in fluence than they ever did to split America into hos tile nations, or to build up in rivalry a new Do minion. What England wants is security, what England dreads is America ; there is no necessity for ROEBUCK'S legacy, " beware of America," for it is implanted in the national heart ; and Americans should not forget that their own threats have sown this seed, while their growth has implanted the fear, whose natural fruit was the earnest wish to see divided into hostile sections, the dreaded na- But, as we before observed, both are on the wrong tack, for the obvious advantage of each is to work together to make North America the great dcmain of the Anglo-American race. Our plat form is simply this—the severance politically, of all connection with America ; the extension of the Republic over the North American Continent ; and the free flow to the States of an English emigration trained for the citizenship. These are our planks, which are much more likely to proluce a good effect than in lending covert aid to the Rebel Con federacy, or in erecting a rival nation in the new Dominion by way of a counterpoise to the Republic. tion. THE ST. PANCItAS GUARDIANS. The parochial muddle in the parish of St. Pancras becomes more and more hopeless. The quarrel respecting the workhouse master has been disposed of, for, upon the guardians unjustly attempt ing to deprive this official of his post, their power to interfere with the appoint ment was taken away by the Poor-law Board. But the old quarrel about the new infirmary still rages. The former board decided that the accom modation at the old infirmary was wretchedly bad, and proceeded to erect a new one; but the majority of their successors are of opinion that the arrange ments at the workhouse are amply sufficient. The medical men connected with the parish are con stantly complaining that there is not room in the workhouse infirmary for the sick who need attention ; the hostile guardians retort that the doctors are working together to prove that the new establishment is necessary. If they got to llighgate " these medical officers would be lords of all they surveyed." A few of the guardians side with the professional authorities ; but they are denounced as "conspirators taking part in the dirty scheme." That good parochial management will be secured under this board seems hopeless enough ; but the need of a new infirmary may soon be settled. The Poor-law Board has sent an officer to investigate the whole case. Surely the guardians would have lost nothing, whilst they would hive gained much in dignity by waiting until the inquiry was completed. This they resolved to do on Monday, after weeks of the rudest interchange of abuse. TILE EMIGRATION OF WOMEN. One of the Marylebone guardians has been em ploying himself to much better purpose than his brethren of St. Pancras. He has been investigating the question of emigration, and he comes to the conclusion—not exactly a new one—that a large saving would be effected by defray jug the emigration expenses of destitute young women—not after they were pauperised, but just as they were falling into dependence on the workhouse, or worse. There are now hundreds of able-bodied pauper women earning a shilling a day at oakum-picking. When the rope supplied to them is old the work is unhealthy and exceedingly disagree able; when the rope is new the loss to the ratepayers is something like tenpence in the shilling. This guardian recommends a national rate to send these young women out to the colonies while they. are yet respectable. " The ratepayers would soon save double the amount by reduced local taxation." WRI:PE ARE TEE POLICE ? We have on several occasions drawn attention to the Bunkeld Bridge riots. Last year a succession of disturbances was allowed to take place without inter ference until the mobs became very serious. The toll-gate on the bridge was destroyed continually by mobs, which got larger as bar after bar was put up and demolished. This year when some half-a-dozen men begun the same proceedings, it was remarked that the authorities again remained quiescent. They at last, however, charged the leader of the riots with violence. He contested the law on the question, and was defeated. Yet no steps have been taken to preserve the bridge against attack. As a matter of course, the mob has again assembled, grown by excitement into a formidable mass of some 5,000 persons, and the toll-bar has again been destroyed. Do the justices of Bunkeld understand that their office is to make the law obeyed ? Do they know that if the mob's idea of justice he allowed to stand against tin law in one c •se, a most dangerous precedent is establshcd, under which authority is altogether imperilled. WORK FOR TILE MAGISTRATES. The magistrates of Liverpool have always plenty of v. or' for Monday mornings ; and the police have a very heavy tas!; on Saturday and Sunday night:. This week, for instance, 1:)7 prisoners were taken to the Liverpool bridewells, of nho:n IoS were drunk when apprehended. Only had money on them, and the combined cash possessions of thcze did nut amount to I:51. DIMING WITH DILIGENCE. The Emperor of the French has the good sense to make himself personally acquainted with all the details of military work. A few days since he gave an audience to M. Ilenri, and for twc, hours was engaged in examining his rifle. The weapon was taken to pieces in his presence, and every part care fully investigated. This activity must be produc tive of great advantage to the nation, which is saved from many a costly job by the industry and pene tration of the Emperor. VACCINATION. Martyrs are arising on behalf of tilt anti-vaccina tion cause. A whiting manufacturer has been sum moned before the magistrates of Dartford for refusing to allow his infant child to be vaccinated. He main tained his refusal in court, sternly maintaining that " he had no faith " in vaccination as a preventative against smallpox, and that the operation brought on various diseases. The magistrates enforced the penalty of twenty shillings and costs, the obstinate man of whiting repeating his protests as he left the court. The crusade against compulsory vaccination' is supported by a regular organisation. The secre tary of the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League was present in court to " watch " this case, as also was a medical practitioner. THE ORNAMENTATION OF OUR LINES OF RAILWAY. The Daily News puts in a word for the utilisation of the space now lying useless by the side of our railway lines. Our contemporary proposes the plant ing of fruit trees, or, at any rate, of some kind of trees, in the borders now bare and unpleasant to behold. The suggestion is not a bad one, if it can be carried out in those parts where now a dismal prospect greets the eye. Most travellers, however, will protest against its universal application. There can be no objection to the companies making their land profitable, but they must not take away the only pleasure railway travelling possesses. TO have a monotonous line of trees passing by the eye would make a long journey a very purgatory; a punishment made doubly cruel by the knowledge that hidden from view are most delightful land scapes. But many strips of land might be made to yield money and give joy without hiding the country round. FOREIGN NOTES. TUE snocmo MURDER or A COUNTESS IN ITALY. The remarkable tragedy, which ended in the murder of the Countess Armanda Cottaneo in a railway carriage, has already been narrated in these columns. We are now informed that Carlo Negri, the supposed murderer, has confirmed the suspicion of his guilt, and at the same time put an end to further inquiry by committing suicide. It appears that he was seen to enter a small inn at St. Maria di Capua, where he gave his name as Carlo Bianchi. His dress was in disorder, his face pale, and he had lost his bat. He ordered an ice, and then shut himself up in a room, from the window of which he threw himself into the street. and was taken up dead. THE AMSTERDAM CANAL. The jurors of the International Exhibition at Amster dam have inspected the important undertaking of the new canal. The canal is to extend from Amsterdam to the North Sea, and the task of construction includes the closing and reclaiming of that part of theZnyderZee which lies before the town. The great sandbanks which lie at the mouth of the Zuyder Zee causes immense loss to the trade of Am sterdam and keeps out the water from the town. As the health and commerce of Amsterdam steadily declined, the work now progressing was determined on. It is to be finished in seven years, and will cost, it is believed, about 22,500,000. The canal will be about sixteen miles from the sea to the town, three and a half miles being cut through the dunes. Side canals will have to be made to Zaandam and other towns. A dam and locks are to be constructed at the Pampas Sandbank, and an immense breakwater is to be constructed at the North Sea, with locks by which vessels will be admitted to the canal. These sluices will never be opened except for this pur pose, as the North Sea is the Dutchman's great enemy. rhos i rum. The Italian Ministry is just now very much troubled about the press. M. Pironti, Minister of Justice, has issued a circular respecting the press laws which has called forth loud complaints from the more advanced Liberals. The Dovere of Genoa has for some time past had its manager in prison, but he was allowed to sign his name as the responsible party. However, he has been told that it was necessary to _find an uncondemned SWISS CONGRESSES. The Central Committee of the League of Peace and Liberty has just published the programme of the annual Congress to be held at Lausanne next month. The Russian and French communists have left the asso ciation, and the programme is less extravagant than that of last year. The league proposes to create a Confederate Republic among the peoples of Europe, in imitation of Ameri:a, and they propose now to attain this end by legal and orderly means, by public discussion, congresses, &c. The League wishes to abolish standing armies, to separate Church and State, to give women civil and political equality, and to develop the rights of labour. All these subjects are to be discussed at the ensuing meeting. A DIPLOMATIC DIARY. Admiral Persano, the Italian officer to whom his _ountrymen attribute the defeat at Lissa, has published his journal for the years 1860 and 1861, which contains a series of letters by Cavour, D'Azeglio, Garibaldi, and others, giving a complete history of the expedition of the Two Sicilies. The real intentions of Cavour, and the understanding between the King and Garibaldi, are among the most interesting points on which light is thrown by these important documents. ENGLISH EMIGRATION. (From the Anglo-American Times.) It has been noticed that population in America tends from the country towards the town ; but this is the universal course wherever the network of railroads has been most extended. It is the case even in a greater degree in England, where in 1811 there ware but 51 towns containing over 10,000 persons, making up 24 per cent. of the population, while in 1861 there were 165 such towns with 44 per cent. of the population. In 1811 there were 16 towns containing over 20,000 inhabitants, amount ing in all to 19 per cent. of the population ; in 1861 there were 72 such towns with 38 per cent. of the population. In the first-named year London was the only city that had more than 100,000 inha • bitants, while in 1861 there were 12 towns wher,24 dwelt 25 per cent. of all the people.* These facts prove the rapid increase of towns, but it remains to be shown where the increase came from. It has been ascertained that out of 11 adult citizens of London, Liverpool, Blanchester, and Birmingham 5 only had therein been born, the greater portion being immigrants, and the question is whence came the foreign six. It is asserted that of that six ninety per cent. were from the rural districts, and but ten per cent. from other centres of population, which shows that in no other land has the drift of population from country to town been so marked as in England. The same phenomenon is now ob servable in the United States, and has given rise to much speculative theory. The broad reason pro bably is the essential change wrought by such an easy mode of transport as the railway. Bad roads make many villages ; good roads condense them into towns ; railways gather all into cities. 11 7 11,-:re roads are bad and communication difficult much of the produce must be consumed where it is raised, re sulting in an overflowing plenty and the consequent cheapness of most essentials of living, while food being abundant in these distant localities popula tion will there be gathered. A railroad changes this, carrying the produce to the town, where it finds a remunerative market, making what had be fore been cheap little less dear than in the city, while what the city produces is by no means cheap ened in a like degree. One reason is that agricul tural produce is bulky in proportion to value, while the manufactures of the city are, as a rule, light, handy, and valuable in proportion to bulk, making carriage comparatively inexpensive. Another is that the city goods are generally lasting, being less liable to decay than agricultural, which must be consumed within a shorter period or lost. The effect is to make the city cheap as well as the country de ir, also to bring from the little villages the tradesmen who, when the towns were comparatively inaccessible, supplied their neighbours with their handiwork made on ti.e spot, far railways render it less costly to those neighbours to procure bet: er articles in the chief cen tres of commerce. Tile economic result of the lo comotive and rail is to sweep the country of its scattered hamlets, leaving nothing but the popula tion required to till the soil, gathering them into manufacturing towns, where food is by the rail made cheaper and work more abundant. The great emigration of Britain, then, has been from the country into the towns, raising such places as Liver pool, Manchester, and Glasgow. In Ireland, where no such centres of industry arose, the emigration from the rural districts was across the ocean to America, and this is perhaps the chief reason why the foreign flow of the Irish so vastly exceeded that of the English, though the movement of popu ation may not have been greater in Ireland than in England. What is to be the effect of thus gathering the people into dense communities re mains to be seen, and must soon develope itself in a marked manner in England. So far there is reason to believe that the movement is not a healthy one, but there is no reason why with greater knowledge of sanitary matters and a more diffused education there should not be counteracting influences mak ing up on the whole a balance of good. Difficult problems are in the change brought more fully and prominently to the notice of the nation. A period of speculative action helps to gather into manu factories the country hands, and the reactionary stagnation which surely follows throws them out of employment when settled in their new homes. The evil influence is two-fold, for as a rule the agri cultural labourer is better fitted in health and habits for an emigrant than the townsman, while his training in the town wherein he is eventually brought to abject poVerty, tends to disqualify him for his remedy in emigration. It is generally ad mitted that the time has arrived when it has be ome necessary to organise a system of emigration from England, and we have always advocated that such an emigration should be freely poured into the United States. Why, is obvious to those who un derstimd the subject, yet the general impression in England is altogether opposed to our doctrine. Above all things is it - advisable that the inexpunge able relationship and the consequent sympathies existing (though overlaid with much bad feeling) between the United Kingdom and the United States should be strengthened. It is of paramount im portance to the two great nations not only to main tain such friendship as exists, but to become closely allied. With different institutions, with divergence in external appearance, the broad basis of charac ter is the same in England and America ; and what we have asserted and maintain is that no foreigner but an American, especially.a New Englander, could gather, excite, and sway a British mob north or south from Johnny Groat's House to the Land's End by addressing to them precisely what he would say to his own people in Massachusetts or on the green hills of Vermont. What BRIGHT says from a platform is much the same as what SUMNER says, putting aside, of course, the subject of inter national disputes. The utterances in the High Church, Low Church, and other church pulpits of England find their exact counterparts in the cor responding pulpits of America. Hence Englishmen would assimilate readily with such a population, and it is, in our opinion, to be deplored that the un due rise of the manufacturing industry of England direc:el emigration to the great cities, instead of to the United States. If it becomes a tenet of Eng lish policy, as we hope and believe it soon will be, to make great efforts, and even sacrifices, to draw close the bonds of relationship with America, the first step is to .educate and train those designed for emigration, so that they can take their places in their new Fphere as valuable citizens at once, where their influence will be in prOportion to their intelligence and good conduct rather than to the number of votes they can control. We say America, design edly ; for we believe the great object to be the fusion into the Republics of all the North American Conti- * Lecture of Mr. John Honry Bridges. AMERICAN AFFAIRS. (From the Anglo-American Times.) NEW YORK, July 31. The great event of the week has been the grand ball at Long Branch in honour of the President. The wind howled outside as the evening was ushered in with a south-west storm, but it only by contrast made the well-lighted rooms the more bril liant. The President entered about 10 o'clock to the music of" Hail to the Chief," and that we are becoming a military democracy may be gathered not only from himself, but from his surroundings. Lieut.-Geueral Sheridan, who hail passed throug. this city from Massachusetts on Monday, with General Sherman, followed General Grant, and they were received by the Hon. A. IL Cornell, Lewis B. Brown, Daniel Pettee, B. H. Brewster, Nathaniel W. Chatter, IL 11. Ruggles, Spencer B. Driggs, Robert Rennie, Gen. Wallen, Gen. Horace Porter, Geo. W. Childs, William F. Leach, Robert Campbell, John Hoey, jun., and Chas. Chamber lain. The " Royal" party paired off as follows for the opening quadrille :—General Grant and Mrs. Boric, Mrs. Grant and General Sherman ; General Sheridan and Miss Sherman ; Mrs. Boric: profusely adorned with diamonds, wore a lavender-coloured silk (Pompadour) with white lace, and Miss Sher man was in pretty contrast without diamonds or other ornaments, but in a plain white and blue dress (panier.) Mrs. Grant wore a white satin dress, with IoW neck and short sleeves, white lace being thrown over the shoulders. General Grant's forte is not dancing, and he had to be " coached" through the " Lancers," in which he and General Sherman became entangled. Over the chair where on the President sat was a bronze medal, pre sented by 'ex-Secretary Boric, consisting of a bas r,lief of Washington, Lincoln, and Grant, with the insc. iption :—" Triumviri Americani—Pater, 1787 —Salvator, 1867 —Custos, 1869." The room was well got np with the usual emblazoninents and fes toons of national 11 tgs, but what chiefly marked it was the brilliant gathering of uniforms. Among those noticed by our press was Sir John Barrington of Dublin, a gentleman who does not hesitate to express hiz opinion that that press is superior to your's in London, at least so far as the dailies go. We do as much in the Jenkins line as any people, not excepting the old trunk of which so consider able a portion of this country was a cutting. Every thing Grant does is telegraphed throughout the United States, and as Grant does nothing, tele grams of nothing are flying about on all sides to the hindrance of real business. While we all laugh, and all sneer, we all read, reporters write, and papers print. One of the absurdities is that the object, out of whom the reporters have to make this capital, is one of the most plain, unassuming of men. Here is the general description of him as he appears on the piazza : "Ho is dressed in broadcloth of strictly genteel cut, bu studiously independent of fashion; he wears a small, nar row-rimmed silk hat, without gloss, a little black silk necktie, and a plain gold chain hanging over his black vest. Ife' bows to the ladies without lifting his hat; one arm is behind him, the , other hangs in a cramped way by his sid.!. He is approached at intervals by friends and acquaintances with common-place remarks about the morn ing, the weather, and kindred subjects, to each of which he drops his eyes a moment reflectively before answering. His whole manner is that of a man not lacking self-pos session, nor yet marked by indecision so much as that of a man entirely practical, and lacking the savoir faire—the ease and elegance of society. His character is in his action, the pose of his head, the step, and attitude. Thoughts come slowly; he has no impulses, so he never starts, never moves quickly, never turns half way and comes back. He is unimpassionable; so he never notices the sunlight, never opens his mouth to get an extra breath of the sharp oxygen ; to such a one action speaks more forcibly than condition; the movements of a spirited horse interest him." Sir John Barrington has returned to Ireland, and his friend, as he called himself, Mr. H. Percival Stebbing, generally known as " the missing Eng lishman," has gone back too. That young gentle man may tell his papa on his return what his expe riences in the United States have been ; but, judg ing from general appearances they have not been encouraging. He is about 24 years of age, and was dresed neatly enough when he left the Brevoor► House on his celebrated and mysterious tour a la Speke. (Is this a common practice among Eng lishmen ?) He is supposed to have reached Buffalo; but, however this may be, he put in another ap pearance at the Brevoort House on his return, where he could scarcely be recognized. In the meantime his father, a highly-respectable English merchant, I understand, had written to the Brevoort House to have the young gentleman shipped back, a re quest which has been complied with, as he started in the steamer Paraguay, on Thursday. One of the items by Cable has excited much attention, the suicide on an English railroad of one on whose person bonds stolen from the Ocean Bank are said to have been fiyud, and has puzzled the police. The information as to the bonds may be wrong, but if the suicide was one of the burglars, he could have left by the Tues lay packet, the robbery having been committed, as is usual in such cases, on a Sunday. Talking of suicides, the mania is extraordinary that seizs on people to follow a vici ous'examl•le. The fountain, in the Central Park, has become the favourite resort ; last Tuesday the third man for this month there blew out his brains. Sir James Anderson and Mr. Watson are expected here to-day; S r James is in charge of the French cable expedition, and Mr. Watson is the American agent. Sir Samuel Canning arrived on Thursday at the Clarendon Hotel, and was called on by Cyrus \V. Field. At the Duxbury, celebration of the cable Sir James, in responding to the toast for its success, gave the honour of laying it . to Captain Sherard Osborn and Sir Samuel Canning, and in alluding to the first cable the success of that was mainly due to Mr. Cyrus W. Field and his intense energy.' lie had heard that Mr. Field was opposing the new cable, but this he thought natural. It is not improbable that these gentlemen will receive the honour of a banquet here. The death of George Barclay was announced as having occurred on Thurs day evening at his residence near New Hamburgh, Duchess county, aged 80. lie belonged to a re volutionary family who keep up to this day their English tradition, the grandson even now being educated at Cambridge, England. his father, Thomas Barclay, who held the commission of Colonel in the Royal Service, retired to Nova Scotia on the close of the revolutionary war. Americans very willingly allow the general superiority of such well trained gentlemen in good breeding and grace of manner, which were strikingly marked in Mr. Barclay, and there is a, very genuine respect for the old families of the revolutionary time, even where from strongly conscientious motives they adhered to the wrong sile. The tailors have struck. On IVednesiay morning a meeting was held, and the German Tailors' Union issued an order. The dele gates responded to their names, and a revised lis of prices was subscribed to, advancing the rate one third. Thirteen clothing firms declined to comply, and are accordingly interdicted, placed under sur veillance, and barred from workmen. There was a great procession on Thursday, when the various establishments were visited, but the success has been small. Of the 27 firms applied to these only acceded —Carhart and Whitford, Coleman and Son, and Peet and Co. Generally the answer was a flat refusal, and of the 7 shops, 2 only answered satisfactorily. The men assert that they are unable to earn above $lO per week, even aided by their wives and sewing machines, and that a rise of 25 per cent. will but bring the prices to what they were five years ago. There are ten unions, enrolling 9,000 men ; but the number of shop tailors here and in the vicinity is about 30,000. If the strike continues, and it threatens to be very formidable, orders will flow across to the London tailors, who are noted here for the support they appear to give you ; nearly all the best known London establishments, except Poole, appearing in your advertising columns. It is a common practice with American gentlemen, on their return, to leave their address with the London house where they have dealt, and in consequende many of those whose names you give are well known on this side the water. I mention our little difficulty, as it may be of a lvantage to Ameri cans in England to be aware of it. The Hansom Cab Company say that they will have cabs on New York and Brooklyn stands within six weeks. The rates are fixed for a mile or less for one passenger 30 cents, two passengers 40 cents, and a like charge for every additional mile, or part of a mile. Per hour, 75 cents for one, or a dollar for two pass:ln gers ; with a like charge for every additional hour or a part of an hour ; 50 cents being added to these prices for night work. The following gen- tlemen have been elected directors : Mr. William Watts Sherman, of Duncan Sherman and Co. ; D. N. Arquimhan, of the firm of Gomez, Wallace, and Co. ; John lioey, of Adams Express Company ; Richard Schell, of 50, Wall-street ; Robert Coch- ran, No. 36, Broad-street; and James Brown, o the firm of James Brown and Co., of No. 54, Ex change-place. Printing-house-square is, as you know, opposite the City Hall Park, and a consider able crowd usually moves about there. On Wednes day a great explosion occurred inthe vicinity, conse quent on one of a party returning from a pic-nic in vans dropping a spark into the fireworks they were sending up in rockets as they moved. As in nature bound the fireworks exploded, with a disagreeable effect to those seated on them and to the passers by. Eight persons were so damaged that three have died, and I can only hope that this will be the limit. You remember, some time ago, the case of Mrs. Melissa J. Morton, who sent for Mr. Scott L. Morse, and shot him, under the plea that he had insulted her. Well, this gentlewoman, who enu merates among her rights that of shooting a man like a dog, has, of course, been acquitted, for what Indiana jury, or, indeed, what jury of any other State could find a woman guilty for merely shooting a man. But men by women are not the only beings who can be shot with impunity. A paper says :—" A Missouri negro had the auda city to drive into Shelbina village as if he was on a splurge,' and was promptly shot dead." It is an ill wind that blows no one good, and Mrs. Stone wall Jackson has been left $lO,OOO by Wade Bolton, who, at Memphis, was recently shot by a Col. Dickens. He left $lOO,OOO in charity, and ten acres of land to each of his former slaves. Mr. Wade Bolton was formerly apartner in the firm of Bolton, Dickens, and Co., and a strong feud existed be tween the families of Dickens and Bolton. They had been extensive negro traders in the South, be fore the war, and had amassed a considerable sum, but this unholy gain led to fatal results, for at least 12 persons, in as many years, have been killed through the feud which arose over its division, and the last is Mr. Bolton himself. Ile died in agony, refusing to the last to allow the wound to be probed. Colonel Dickens shot him in the street, alleging that he feared Mr. Bolton intended to kill him, as threats to that effect had been communicated to him, but after arrest he was bailed for $5,000. Mrs. Bolton gets but $20,000 and 300 acres out of an estate valued at $250,000. I suppose the case will furnish the Anti-Slavery party with a theme to enlarge on, and it cannot be denied that it is a far more striking one than that made a handle of by the Anti-Tobacconists through poor Mr. Halleck's dreadful end, who, they say, would not have been burnt to death in the Erie smoking car bad he not indulged in the pernicious weed. Among the arrivals is that of Gen. Reins, of the late Con federate army, inventor of the marine torpedo, and son-in-law of Homer Randall of Newburgh. His wife carried $5,000 in greenbacks to Augusta, Georgia, in her chignon. We are good at sensa tional rumours, but the Canadians appear to be better still. The Montreal News gets this telegram from Quebec and blazes it abroad :- 4 , Mysterious rumours prevail in the city to-day. It is said that a fight has taken place between a British and American frigate in the Mediterranean, and that an Ame rican war is imminent. The authorities will not divulge what aro the contents of their despatches. Sir F. Ilincks has stated publicly that he does not believe the story." Why should people who have no gold-room, no stocks to elevate and depress, get up such inven tions. With us the case widely differs, and queer stories are told of the doings of our bears and bulls. One little trick occurred before the sailing of the Cuba, by which gold was affected from one to one and a half per cent. The gold-room barometer sensi tively feels the export, and large shipments have lately recommenced to England. When it was known that no specie was to be shipped in the Cuba the price went down, and a party drew a large sum from one of the banks, and with great osten tation and noise drove the packages to the stage as if a heavy shipment was about to be made. The news was immediately carried to the gold-room and took effect, for the premium closed at 1371, opening next day, when it was known that the Cuba had sailed withont any specie, at 136. Mr. Washing ton A. Roebling, I am glad to say, has been ap pointed to superintend the work on which his father, the able engineer who so unfortunately lost his life, was engaged. The surveys of the East River Bridge are still in progress, and workmen aro now employed on material for the structure. A shockin g case of drowning when bathing occurred at South Hampton, Long Island, on Thurs day afternoon. Mr. Chas. Meyer, with his wife and a young lady, were bathing, when Mrs. Meyer, on venturing too far out was unable to resist the cur rent, when she called for assistance, which both the young lady and her husband endeavoured to render, but, all getting into the current, were carried out and drowned. TRE UNITED STATES FINANCES. The lion. Edward Atkinson, the able Boston financier, has written another letter on the United States Finances, which appeared in the Boston Journal. The surplus revenue for the year ending J uue 30 last was $50,000,000, but in reality it was higher as 7 200,000 in g old was paid for Alaska , $ , and $18,500,000 in bounties. These are exceptional charge=, having nothing really to do with the usual United States expenditure, the one being a purchase of real estate, the other the payment of a debt con tracted during the war. But for these items the surplus would have been $75,000,000, which, under ordinary circumstances, would represent the sur plus of the current year ; but the circumstances have changed, and wholly for the better; the laws are improved, G ranthas replaced Johnson ,ecpuomy is en forced, and. retrenchment carried to an extreme. The value of this Mr. Atkinson estimates at $25,000,000, ' which would produce a surplusof $100,000,000. Nor is this all; for the army estimate is twenty millions of dollars less, and the civil and miscellaneous ex penses another score retrenched. B;sides, the coun try has 1,250,000 additional inhabitants, together with an immense area of waste land occupied 8 13 a railroads in operation. Mr. Atkinson considers it no exaggerated expectation therefore to look for a surplus of $130,000,000 ; and he regards this as beyond the power of Congress to destroy, for it caw not effectually set to work till next January, an d months would elapse in discussion before any portant financial measure was passed. What might have prejudiced it would be a failure in the harvest, the abundance of which is now placed beyond risk' One remarkable item he quotes showing the effect of improved laws more honestly administered. Wi le° he whisky tax was $2 per gallon it yielded duli u g one year $13,000,000; now at half a dollar a gall ° it is yielding at the rate of $50,000,000. lie calculate!, the effect on Europe of the steady purchase or bonds with the enormous surplus coming in mon dil1; " The result cau only be the speedy advance of ° 3 ,, bonds to par in gold in the European markets, suu, a corresponding advance in the currency Pric ° °L the bonds at home." When at par the day is 3 ' 3 ', l tr , on which the Five-Twenty Six per Cent. 13 ° 13 can be converted into a Four-and-a-half per C eo Gold Bond, guaranteed on its face as free fionl a ll taxation. On the subject of import duties, Mr. Atk iLy son appears to think that the public are under a de la ; sion. There is no danger of any material falling,: from that source, as a reference to the returns mad to the statistical bureau shows that the mass of the goods imported are not, as generally believed , ries, but necessaries, and articles of general titil l ° which the people must and will have. lie recall; mends the amendment of the tariff so that 90 P cent. of the articles now taxed maybe struck f roi l list and admitted free, asserting that on there 0131i/-0 ing 10 per cent. nearly all the revenue is raised, w h .,, the 90 per cent. which yields so little is produutli of much annoyance as well as injury to the iu trial power of the country. This admira ble . t o sunze of the financial affairs points to a very brl i g t o financial future. But Mr. Atkinson is car ef lo give the praise to whom alone praise is due. It ag not been fostered by gool statesmanship, but li, been achieved through the bountiful gifts of r 6)0so deuce, in spite of an injurious tariff and a v ic . i cic ii currency. Mr. Atkinson's views have been wl circulated throughout the country, where they ca` is ; a weight second only to those of Special C O5ll/1 sioner Wells.—Anglo-Anzerican Times. Another branch of this subject, also at t ra cting a ci t ;, tention, is the Income Tax Law, which, as it st3,l'n, is limited to 1870, the question being whether ( I ° j o gress should renew it. The general feeling i3iir favour of its abolition, mainly on account of its quisitorial character, but partly because of i t° i t be equality. It is evident that this discussion le d ° tLe telegraph despatch lately received, showing I ' ll - 00 coupons attached to the United States Bo 3j e iii being threatened with its imposition. The Spr in ea . Republican thus summarises the history of th e sure :- ft "The first income tax was levied from and s•-e 1, 1852, and collected in May and June, 1363. l' s ;:,: a d it rent laws were passe I in regarl to this tax of was finally collected under the law of July 1, 1861' Aided repealed a former Act of August 5, 1861, and p r aid be that all incomes over $BOO aad over $lO, OOO s h '" sta t' 6 taxed three per cent., unless derived from Unit eti s ijia Securities, or received by American citizen s I° 05 ,11 abroad. The income fr)na Securities was taloa ° f p er" per cent., while that of absentees and the eln a lp o i e 13 ,4 sons having more than SIO,COO income was tax ed cent. This distinction between large and sm all ine_ ill was not found in the Act of 1861, nor was it retwu%eat the Act of March 3, 1865, which is the basis of the pry ge d, law. In June, 1861, the nee of taxation w as elfa pro' while this distinction was mantained and made I ti°l „ tad., cise. All incomes over $6OO and under $ 5 , 000 Wet." foe' 5 per cent., those between $5,000 and $lO,OOO W ell) f of 1 0 71 per cent., while those above $lO,OOO were Wlsotoo per cent ; and in all cases the interest of the Un ite .s ls` V T lll • Bonds was to b.) reckoned like other income first applied to the incomes f 1861, awl by a Jo i! ' t ,t.l O tion of July 4, 1864, an additional tax of five p er tha t t. I° ` f levied on all the incomes of 1863, so that the rate 10V ° f year became 8, 61, and 10 per cent. Under t" thst of 1862 the income tax of that year was collected; Ol 1863 was collected under the two laws of 1862 al° that of 1864 was collected under the law of Juil , il i those of 186,5 and 1866 under the act of March eonlro fixing the uniform rate at five per cent., and th i e ic e Or al tion at $6OO ; while the taxes of 1867 and IS6 Bll c olptlif, under the law of March 3, 1867, by which the e- s iS was fixed at $l,OOO. There have been therefore bon e°, ferent acts in the seven years that the tax bee be ier i v . j :ct looted, though the first one never took ease" ;ooli u ; pealed before any assessment was made. Tile sixth was to remain in force only until 1866, and the pires by limitation, as the third did, in 1870." n t aff °l. 4 Ibis journal considers that the nation cann"entle'; at once to lose such a contribution to its r . e ofht L while believing that the measure In l o e amended. Such is also the opinion of del l a id Ledger :- ot e : ; ; "With proper retrenchment in the Gev ern „co e ol ° 1; 4 penscs . , the more objectionable features of the i dit „res% t o law might be dropped ; but with present esPe ° i d litt , r u jet burden, if removed from present shoulders, svell.big bo placed on others, which would gall as se ne i l d, ae" the load. One thing is Certain, the law she la tV doubt will be modified." f the The New York Times thinks the repeal °_,,vatio,b, " impracticable," but not its essential 13 1 °' - s to o b 6 i r i ly " A uniform tax of five per cent. (it tells us) l es bar ve r It increases the temptation to fraud, and ePe re f r eo 9 ' eat' upon the possessors of small incomes derived if c or trade. It should be reduced to two and a,r, t ,conilbo sa on incomes below some fixed figure, or on a'y f ool , j oro, rived from industry or trade, as distinguislie`totice deriVed from realised property. Whatever ilVaieregil,,eift is in the tax as now levied consists in a taw_ e clti°, ° tl3 6 the essential peculiarity of incomes which are, r u poP, th e upon the accidents of employment and health; „,, „° t the vicissitudes of ever-varying competition. day, "l tip professional man, whose income may cease o .' lo lll' o oo merchant, whose profits of this year may be the ra Ol e in the losses of the next, are required to pas' weer T-e is paid by the retired capitalist or real estates be incomes are as certain as anything huntan,siete,,,!t re of anomaly is so glaring, and the hardships it it T aia".„ 7 ll ll ' cruel, that its continuance is indefensible. the ta%,, dir k be fair to exempt one of these classes from „L it sn ct iv. e rbo" retaining it on the shoulders of the other , .wli e vik e i t crimination is called for with the view of load 801,,,„ may be called contingent incomes fromto car"oe ° comes that are certain are abundantly able_ tbe reduction of the tax to half the present rate n'• the former should not be delayed." fof 40 t of Pills' C°P r " tV ADVERTISEMENT...I-Holloway's avers ° for • Every one.-It is essential for health that ar ea la r t oe, the body be fully competent and duly Pr i f natural execution of its appropriate funotl 001' 0 040 not be the case under great transitions o n ocl by t 0 unless some corrective medicine be tai ti e cee ede,,bie. When the chilling winds of spring are s ue uffti e- a0 P o ol summer heat, the liver and skin can only w e dicine. oo ,,_,ll efficient action by some such alternative vlfroiatif loway's noted Pills, which regulate the S o ns the system, and fortify the nerves. BY n o:t ful 1 1 0 1 ° powerful purifier, many lingering an d P a ses rfe d 'otl' may be escaped, and the more acute disF. e ve ,„,t),„t diarrhoea, dysentery, and bilious fever Wl it : ceole r li! c rie; s to od t y [ADVERTISEMENT.]- Dyspepsia andiges.t°ots, Debiity, Consumption, and all nervous , / 31 ros td r ole" B ,l liver ] complaints in every stage, are only ugg f . ct iy es / 00' 0 ,417 4f rated by drugs of every description, but per ,!;,' oo d, S p ia`i r Barry's health-restoring Revalenta Arabica ov er °° ot tl,, thousands of cases which had been considet:Bl; i a over -cough, asthma, also diarrhma, hcemorrio- 01 . 6 tb r°A t es t Vh t e+ flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers , s her d an ria, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the o ara be a l .. oo +); matism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hYste i r i l o :rtba r s,!Dta e l,o bility, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation, d s iclo l , og 4 1 .4 debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea+ P'!' s crefl'olf e ' ,4 pregnancy or at sea, sinking fits, brcnchitoall reotorjl.ll, of the chest, pains at the pit of the s tonaa2l ic alth 4 iSOncioX o shoulders, B.:c. We quo to a few:-The PePe ju iy. l Y o , Du Barry's Food. Cure No. 68,413- it ora tllY ' li t/ 01/ 00V health of the Holy Father is excellent, esile.craself armies 0' o f ing all other remedies, he has confined cons t i i 19e elle r ,' ful 5 F ief a r , i7 t ' e s v ite ery va m ie e n a ta l. effect on his health, and his Holiness J 4 11 rt Ar t b hasica Food, of hi s e 11 0 u h tr e ppra ri s t i 04 11 s food too highly.-From the " Gazette du in . ,,V t 0t.0 0 ,"40 0 ,1 No. 40,270-Mr. James Roberts, timber in s 7 d ,,g I , o l o ,4 i e po s i o , Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs , / 11 ) 0.1+ 77 ri al ; 1 4 00 derangement, and partial deafness. Cure „.,, yea, (1, de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of Ir!' ( ;" 7 , fr,°?, 7 t i0?4,0 No. 49,832-" Fifty years' indescribable ita tu tD ., Ca , , o t o w„, nervousness, asthma, cough, consupVwi',lnor or. sickness, and vomiting.-Maria Joly. s op,r t a 0. 1. _, ; Beware of the many unsavotvy and me!? P 70 to which, without authority, Baron Lie Dig ° is , tl o ' c oP ciously attached 5110 1 c ap s 2 lbs 40s.- Also Do BARRY'S BEvALE,4.,`,"cos a. 5 76 o . roe In tins, at Is lid; 1 lb 2s 9d; 2lbs for,,; Pownza is packed in tin canisters: for for at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at 63, for 288 culls s , l ,'„' s a nd , s : l o oice,v o o free of carriage in England on romp Began ' -being about one penny per cup. The tof rofia t To. Y BARRY and Co, No. 77, Beg. , all Grocers and Chemists GERMAN—Ont, tl;° BIRTHS. ot W e ' 0 wife of G°RDON' - On the 17th inst., at 1, Hof Cosmo Duff Goro n, Esq of a sem ,000 GIBSON -KNIGHT—G: IIf t 1 SO the • wife of Captain German, a a son. the 15th just., at Vino Court, 1 0 i arP' th ° at St. G ibs ° f + l , ° Aheß/ii'7/AthGEiriSs.t , tersea, J I , , uan I hemas. thu ,4 lest son of Joniter o Batter sea-parl; to "qlen ,eldest daui , 0 0 late '"' Charles Knight, of Battersea. t flovciste 0 HANNEN W - - OODISOUSE—On th© 10th June, 3 . o p o e Chi Lia, Nicholas han,liat, f 6 J.Hannen, Esq..of b ~, tor ° at-law, to Jessie AL Harriette, eldest datiJ Woodhouse, Esq., of Henley-on-Thames. old' DEATHS. 4 ;0 ,02 111 , • ~..).• FIELD—On the 16th inst., at 13, Pere , ' f e, ham-road, Wm. Mansfield Esq.aged 8.2. foe IA USGRAVE ' 3 1 —On the 14th inst., Thomas of Esq., of 32, Itegents-pa.rk-road, aged 67: ca s(1 , SPRAGUE—On the 14th just., Daniel Sprague' Queen's-road, St. John's-ood, aged 77. .0 *IP° 4 AI A' - .o ° London: Printed and Published by WILLIA..,- 113, /4 of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tas SUN 011130 '-‘°:,,iiattlOß° in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County a , Wednesday, August 18, 180.