The Sun. — London, England, 1859-07-04 00:00:00

THE BATTLE OF SOLFERINOI 1 - (Fr& a Special Correspondent of the Times.) VERONA, JUNE 26 I sketched yesterday as rapidly as I could the principal incidents of the great battle wh ich . I sup pose will b e called the Battle o f Solfermo. The field having been lost to us, I am deprived of the a d v antage which w ill be p ossessed exclusively by those on the other side of examining every part of it; but it is still possible for me to enter into more particular details than I was able in my letter of yesterday to do. Solferino is a straggling village, through which runs the road to San Cassiano. On its western side rises the hill called Rocca, on which stands the tower of which I have already given you a descrip tion. The hill stretches in a westerly direction about 1,000 paces, the spit of it descending some what abruptly to the hamlet, or Contrada Pozzo Catena. This line of height was occupied at the opening of the action by Bils's brigade of the Divi sion Pallfy, of the sth Corps. To the right of the tower on the Rocca, that is north-east of it, Stern berg's division of the sth Corps held a line from the heights of San Pietro and Rola, facing the enemy on the little stream called Redone. The first at tack on this position was successfully repulsed, but as the allies advanced over the spit of the Monte Cara th e attack was renewed with incre dible fury. e hilly position of the Austrians does not seem to have permitted them to make much use of their artillery, of which many batteries remained in reserve. At the foot of the Solferino tower to the west they had some guns playing on the French crescent in the plain ; others on the east side of the tower checking the advance of the enemy. Their chief dependence was not, however, on their artil lery in these positions, but rather on the fire of the infantry, which, on its part, had to face the Minie rifle of the Grenadiers of the Guard, which com mitted dreadful havoc amongst the officers of the foremost line. The road through Solferino is on a much lower level than the hill of Rocca or that of San Pietro, which command it on both sides. The efforts of the French were directed at an early period towards this point, every step they took in advance there giving them a c hance of turning the flanks of the Austrians defending both Solferino and San Pietro. As their masses became more compact and difficult to repel they gradually forced their way up the road, driving back the Austrians both in flank and front, and separating the extreme left of the sth Corps from its right and centre. The Brigade Bils rallied again as the Ist Corps, under Clam, advanced to its support from Cavriano. The Ist and sth Corps, thus fighting in line together, maintainedthemselves at that point till past 11 o'clock, when the latter fell back exhausted to the rear. The rest of the Ist with the sth preserved their positions against every at tack successfully till half-past 1, when the enemy began to make head against them, throwing back the former to its direct rear on Cavriano, and the latter to its right, thus cutting off the communica tion between the Bth and sth corps and the rest of the Austrian army. At the same time, under cover of their batteries in the Campo di Medole, and others on the heights of Monte Fenile, which en filaded the road between Volta and San Cassiano, the French advanced a heavy body of infantry which at once held in check the 7th corps under Zobel at San Cassiano, and outflanked the Austrians on their left on the height of Rocca. The position at this point was thus becoming rapidly untenable. Attacked in front and on both flanks, it stood out on the apex of an isosceles triangle, of which the front and two sides were closely pressed by an over powering enemy. The Ist corps, which in the morning held Cavriano, had been forced early into fire; its only reserve in case `of a check being the 7th, Zobel's. But it had already been found neces sary to use up Zobel in the defence of San Cassiano, so that when the Ist corps began to yield and fall baek from Solferino there were no fresh troops to oppose to the enemy. The French crowned the heights of Solferino about half-past 1, and their batteries, placed on the range of Monte Margan, began shelling Cavriano, while the Ist corps con tinued to dispute the intermediate ground. It was at this moment that the Emperor and his Staff left the Monte Roccolo, and took the direction of a casein° on the road east of Cavriano, where already several wounded soldiers had found their way. The Emperor, cool and collected as a veteran, stood on the height of Madonna delle rieve, close by a church surrounded by cypress trees, till a quarter to 4. Count Sehlick and his aide-de-camp, his Highness the Prince of Nassau, were standing by him at Madonna della Pieve. while the masses on the plain below were already retiring. The French were pressing hard on Cavriano. They had already gained possession of an old bridle path called the Strada Cavallara, which runs direct from Solferino to Valleggio, and al ready the road from Madonna delle Pieve to the latter place was becoming excessively dangerous. The Emperor now went off leisurely to Volta with a few aides-de-camp, while the Archdukes with the Hereditary Grand Duke of Tuscany and his brothers followed a by-path through groves and over rocks towards Valleggio. While we quietly rode on few of us knew that the enemy, following a parallel direction to our own, were within half a mile of us. The French, on the other hand, were happily in equal i gnorance o f our t rue p o sition, o r they would have made a dash to cut us off. We struck the Strada Cavallara just below the Monte Oliveto, meeting the head of Stankovitsch's divi sion of the Ist Corps as it was retreating on the road from Castellaro Lagusello to Volta. The right of the sth Corps was at that time withdrawn to Monzambano, while the Bth, Benedek's, had fallen back as far as Salionze, north of Pozzolengo, and on the road to Peschiera. At half-past five Cavriano had been finally taken by the French, who then made a combined attack on Volta and. on Guiddizzolo, but both those attacks were success fully repulsed, which enabled the Austrians to retire • their tnateriel and guns by bridges at or near the Molino di Volta during the night, and move off their first army by the same road on the next day. As we came up to Borghetto heavy banks of cloud had gathered in the west and lowered heavy and black over the hills. The bridge of Valleggio and its approaches were encumbered with wag. gnus, throu g h which we passed with difficulty, while the ascent into the village itself was almost choked up with cavalry moving towards Villa franca,•of wounded, and artillery with i t s head turned towa r d s the b ri d g e of Borghetto. As we slowly threaded our way through these ob stacles, a tremendous hurricane of wind, the pre cursor of the coming S torm, raised a dark veil of dust. The sky became completely overcast, and black as ink. The dust and gravel of the road rattled furiously in our faces, casting ev e r y th ing into darkness. The roar of thunde r wasn m in g l ed in sublime confusion with that of c an which - appeared to be so close that its reverberations might be distinguished from that of the thunder that rolled around us. I thought that the hi g h w i n d had brought in the sound of the fight which might still be proceeding at Cavriano, not knowing that the French were following us at 20 minutes' dis tance on the Strada Cavallara. A tremendous down pour of rain inundated me in the Streets of Val leggio before I could find refuge in my old. quarters. Here were visible some of the results of the battle. Soldiers of every corps and every regiment were gathered together in the streets ersprengt, or sepa rated from their proper positions. The people of Valleggio were all at their windows or communing together outside the houses, in spite of the heavy rain. The storm disappeared as speedily as it had come on, the sun shone out again with brightness in the west, and still closer and closer came the sounds of artillery. It was evident now the enemy was threatening the tete de pont of Vallewgio. At all events, Valleggio was not exactly the place to choose for a night's rest, so, without hesitation, fol lowing the example of the Imperial Head-quarters (we had ridden all day without food of any kin d ) , I started from Vallo gg i o and rode through Ouatd erni to Villafranca, wher e th e Emperor had already arrived. There dispositions were speedily wide to guard the passage of the M . • mcio, the wandering soldiers were brought together on the roads,. and idirected back on Valleggio. Batteries of position were moved so as to cover Borghetto, and the sth Corps was ordered to stand fast at Monzambano, where, as you are aware, there is a bridge over the Mincio. It was night when I came on to Villafranca, where the first batches of wounded were beginning to arrive. An ambulance had been formed at the railway station, where they continued to arrive during the night. As it is natural to suppose those who first came were slightly wounded, but gradually more severe cases called for attention. As cart after cart gave up its freight of groaning victims, these were taken in hand by the doctors, and carefully attended to. When their wounds were dressed the sufferers were placed in railway carriages and transported to Verona, where, in addition to the great hospital, the convent of the Jesuits, and other temporary establishments, the Casino had been filled with beds for their reception It was half-past seven in the morning of the 25th when I returned to Verona. As I anticipated, a sharp contest took place for the possession of Mon zambano yesterday. But notwithstanding the French, the sth Corps preserved that position, while the head-quarters of Count Schlick stood at Borghetto. The Allies, as well as the Austrians, must re-assemble and re-arrange their army, when doubtless, hostilities will be resumed. There are here 400 or 500 Piedmontese, and some French prisoners. What the losses on this side may turn out to be it is impossible as yet to state with pre cision. They cannot be less then , 000 or 15,000 men hors de combat. No g were killed. Among the wounded are Count Panty, slightly ; Gen. Philipovic.s, Gen. Bailin, and, 1 believe, one or two others. Several colonels and numbers of officers have been killed or wounded. Prince C. Windisch gratz is dead, as well as Col. Mumm. I must here correct an error I committed in my letter of yesterday. I stated that the 2d Corps, under Prince Edward Lichtenstein, was in rear of Guiddizzolo yesterday. This was a mistake, as this corps remained at Mantua, and did not come into action. There is no doubt that the Austrian army on the 24th suffered mach inconvenience from the fact that they were attacked by the French and Piedmontese three hours sooner than the time fixed by them selves for assuming the offensive. Their disposi tions, admirably as they may have been made for an attack, must have been faulty, when it became necessary to repel an advance of hint enemy. It is evident also that if the Emperor nded to ad vance at nine o'clock in the morning it was because he knew that his various corps would not be in their proper positions till that hour. He was therefore, to a certain extent, "already at six o'clock in the morning. The 10th and 11th Corps' movements, which should have turned the French left at Me dole, very probably depended upon a calculation of time, which was part of the Austrian scheme of attack. The 11th Corps (Weigl) did, I believe, come in sight of the enemy, but it did so too late to have any serious effect on the result of the day, while the 10th Corps seems never to have come up at all. These facts suggest some reflections. How was it that the French were ready at six o'clock to make a combined attack against the Austrians, who, on their part, had but just taken up positions on the previous evening ? An easy answer can be given to that question. No sooner was the first Austrian battalion out of Yalleggio on the 23d than a balloon was observed to rise in the air from the vicinity of Mozambano—a signal, no doubt, for the French in Castiglione. I have a full conviction that the Em peror of the French knew on the evening of the 23d the exact position of every Austrian corps ; that he made his preparations accordingly ; and that, on the other hand, the Emperor of Austria was utterly , unable to ascertain what was the num ber or distribution of the forces of the Allies. This, it may be said, is the result which must be antici pated in every military movement on Italian soil. OFFICIAL ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF SOLFEBINO. The Moniteur of Saturday contains the subjoined official report, besides the two telegrams from Volta and Valeggio Head-quarters, Cavriana, 28th June. " After the battle of Magenta and the combat of Malegnano, the Austrians had precipitated their retreat on the Mincio, abandoning, one after the other, the lines of the Adda, the Oglio, and the Chiesa. There was every reason to believe that they intended to concentrate all their resistance behind the Mincio, and it was important that the allied army should occupy, as soon as possible, the principal points of the heights which extend from . Lonato as far as Volta, and which forms on the south of the Lake of Garda an agglomeration of small hills, in many places very abrupt. The last reports received by the Emperor Napoleon indi cated, in fad, that the enemy had abandoned those heights, and retired behind the river. " According to a general order given by the Em peror of the French on the evening of the 23d, the army of the King of Piedmont was to advance on Pozzolengo ; Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliers, on Sol ferino ; Marshal the Duke deMagenta, on Cavriana ; General Niel, on Guidizzolo ; and Marshal Canro bert,on Medola. The Imperial Guard was to march on Castiglione, and the two divisions of cavalry of the line to take a position in the plain between Sol ferino and Medola. It had been decided that the movements should commence at two o'clock in the morning, in order to avoid the excessive heat of the day. " Nevertheless, during the 23d, several detach ments of the enemy showed themselves on different points, and the Emperor had received notice of it ; but as the Austrians were in the habit of making numerous reconnaissances, his Majesty only re garded those demonstrations as a mark of the care and attention which they give to obtaining infor mation and protecting themselves. " At five in the morning of the 24th, the Em peror, who was at Montechiaro, heard the report of cannon in the plain, and proceeded in all haste to wards Castiglione, where the Imperial Guard were to assemble. During the night, the Austrian army which had decided on assuming the offensive had passed the Mincio at Goito, Valeggio, Monzam bano, and Peschiera, and again occupied the po sitions which it had recently abandoned. This was the result of the plan the execution of which the enemy had pursuei from the time of their leaving Magenta, by retiring slices sively from Piacenza, Pizzighettone, Cremona, Ancona, Bologna, and Ferrara—in a word, by eva cuating every , position in order to accumulate their forces on the Mincio. They had besidesincreased their army with the greater part of the troops com posing the garrisons of Verona, Mantua, and Pes chiera ; and it was thus that they were able to assemble nine corps d'armee, numbering altogether from 250,000 to 270,000 men, who advanced towards , the Chiesa, covering the plain and the heights. This immense force appeared to be divided into two armies ; that on the right, according to notes found after the battle on an Austrian officer, was to take possession of Lonato and Castiglione, and that on the left to march on Montechiaro. The Austrians thought that the whole of the allied army had not yet crossed the Chiesa, and their intention was to drive it back on the right bank of that river. " The two armies, on their way one against the other, met therefore suddenly. Scardely had Marshals Baraguay d'Hilliers and de M'Mahon passed Castiglione, when they found themselves in presence of considerable forces which opposed their advance. At the same instant, General Niel en countered the Austrians near Medola. The King's army, which was going to Pozzolengo, also met the Austrians in advance of Rivoltella ; and on his part, Marshal Canrobert found the village of Castel goffredo occupied by the enemy's cavalry. " All the corps of the allied army being at the time on their march at a somewhat considerable distance one from the other, the Emperor first of all directed his attention to bringing them together, so that they might mutually support each other. For that purpose, his Majesty went immediately to Marshal the Duke de Magenta, who was on the right in the plain, and who had deployed Perpendicularly to the road which leads from Castiglione to Goito. As General Niel did not yet appear, his Majesty. hastened the march of the cavalry of the Imperial Guard. and placed it under the ord ers of the Duke de Mag enta, as a reserve to operate in the ' t he right of the 2d corps. The lain on t • The Empe rer, a t th e same time, sent orders to Mar shal Can ro b ert to General Niel as much support as possible, whil st r ecomm ending him to guard himself on the right aga inst , an Aust ri a n to accordingwhich, accordi ng " f romformation given to his Ma jesty, was to marchham Mantua on Azola. \ingbeentakenthe Ern._ These meas ures • peror repaired to the heights, B in the cen tre o f the line of battle, where Marsa araguay d'Hilliers, too distant from the Sardinian act in conjunction with it, had a t r o my st ruggle in very difficult ground against troops which were inces santly" The marshal had neverthelessseiaferri renewed. to be able to r 0i s f built. steep hill on which the village of arri ved at the That village was defended by considerable cemetery, entrenched in an old chateau and a large forces, both of which were surrounded by thick and great lated walls. The marshal had already lost a number of men, and had had more than once to expose himself by leading on the troops of Bazaine's and Ladmirault's divisions. Worn out with fatigu e and heat, and exposed to a heavy fire of musketry, THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY, 4, 1859 4 grout id with much difficulty. ..,mperor ordered Forey's brigade on the side of the these troops gaine,... s •,, he height against the vii, At this moment the division to advance, one plain, and the other on t lage of Solferino, and can yea it to be supported by Canton's division of light infantry of the Guard. L He caused to advance with these troops the artillery of the Guard, which under tho command of General de Sevelinges and General lebceuf, took up an un covered position at about 300 metres from the , enemy. This manoeuvre decided the success in the centre. Whilst Forey's division seized on the cemetery, and General Bazaine dashed his troops forward into the village, the light infantry and • riflemen of the Imperial Guard climbed up to the foot of the tower commanding the chateau and pos sessed themselves of it. The little hills near Sol ferioo were successively carried, and at half-past three the Austrians evacuated the position, under the fire of our artillery placed on the crest, and left , in our hands 1,500 prisoners, 14 pieces of cannon, and 2 colours. The share of the Imperial Guard in this glorious trophy was 13 guns and one colour. "Whilst this conflict was going on, and whilst the fire was the heaviest, four Austrian columns, advancing between the King's army and the corps of Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliers, endeavoured to turn the right of Piedmontese. Six pieces of artil lery, however, ably directed by Gen. Forgeot, had opene d a very heavy fire on the flank of these columns, and forced them to retrace their steps in disorder. • Whilst the corps of Marshal Barag,uay d'Hil llers was sustaining the conflict at Solferino, the corps of the Duke de Magenta had deployed in the plain of Guidizzolo, in aduance of the farm Casa Marino, and his iine of battle cutting the road to Mantua, directed its right towards Medola. At nine o'clock in the morning he was attacked by a strong Austrian column, preceded by a numerous artillery, which placed itself in battery at 1,000 or 1,200 yards in advance of our front. The artillery of the first two divisions of the 2d corps, advancing immediately on the line of skirmishers, opened a very sharp fire against the front of the Austrians, and at the same instant the horse batteries of Desvaux's and Partouneaux's divisions took the enemy's cannons en echarpe, reduced them to silence, and soon forced them to fall back. Imme diately after Desvaux's and Partouneaux's divisions charged the Austrians and took 600 prisoners. " Meantime a column of two regiments of Aus trian cavalry had endeavoured to turn the left of the 2d corps, and the Duke de Magenta directed against it six squadrons of light dragoons. Three successful charges of our cavalry repelled that of the enemy, who left in our hands a great number of men and horses. "At half-past two the Duke de Magenta assumed the offensive in his turn, and ordered General de la Mottorouge to advance on his left, on the side of Solferino, order to carry San Cassiano and the other positions occupied by the enemy. The village was turned on both sides, and carried with irresistible vigour by the Algerian riflemen and the 45th. The riflemen were immediately after sent against the principal counterfort, which unites Cavriana with San Cassiano, and which was defended by considerable forces. A first height, crowned by a kind of redoubt, speedily fell into the possession of the sharpshooters, but the e nemy, by a vigorous oansive return, succeeded in disl od g in g them. They took it again with the aid of the 45th and 72d, and were driven out once more. To sup port this attack, General de la Motterouge was obliged to march up his brigade oof reserve, and the Duke de Magenta advanced his whole corps. " At the same time the Emperor gave orders to Maneque's brigade of voltigeurs of the Guard, sup ported by General Mellinet's grenadiers, to advance from Solferino against Cavriana. The enemy was unable any longer to resist this double attack, sup ported by the fire of the artillery of the Guard, and, about five in the evening, the voltigeurs and Algerian sharpshooters entered at the same time the village of Cavriana. " At that moment a fearful storm, which burst over the two armies, obscured the sky and sus pended the struggle; but as soon as the rain had ceased the French troops resumed the operations commenced, and drove the enemy from all the heights commanding the village. Soon after the fire of the artillery of the Guard changed the re treat of the Austrians into a precipitate flight. " During this affair the horse chasseurs of the Guard, who flanked the Duke de Magenta's right, had to charge the Austrian cavalry which threatened to turn it. • "At half-past six the enemy was retreating in all directions. " But though the battle was won in the centre, where the French troops had never ceased to gain ground, the right and left still remained behind. However, the troops of the 4th corps had also taken an important and glorious part in the battle of Solferino. "Leaving Carpenedolo at three o'clock in the morning, they were marching on Medola, sup ported by the cavalry of the Desvaux and Partou neaux divisions, when, at about two kilometres from Medola, the squadrons of chassenrs which preceded the corps met the hulans. They charged them with impetuosity, but were checked by the enemy's infantry and artil lery, which defended the village. General de Luzy immediately took measures for an attack. Whilst he sent two columns to turn Meals on the right and left, he advanced on the front himself, preceded by his artillery, which • kept up a fire on the village. This attack, executed with great vigour, was entirely successful ; at seven o'clock the enemy retired from Medola, leaving two pieces of cannon and a good number •of prisoners in our hands. " Vinoy's division, which followed Luzy's, marched from Medola in the direction of an isolated house called Casanova, which stands in the plain on the road to Mantua, about two kilometres from Guidiz zolo. The enemy was in considerable force on that side, and a desperate conflict took place, while Luzy's division was marching towards Ceresara on the one hand, and towards Rebecco on the other. " At this moment the enemy attempted to turn the left of Vinoy's diviSion i i tile interval left be tween the 2d and 4th. corps ; .they _came up within 200 metres of the front of our troops, but were there stopped by the fire of 45 . pieces of artillery, directed by General Soleille.• The enemy's cannon then came and took part.in.the struggle, and kept on for a great part of the day, although with manifest inferiority. " Failly's division came up in its turn, and General Niel, reserving the second brigade of that division, directed the first between Casanova and Rebecco, towards the hamlet of Baeta, to connect General de Luzy with General Vinoy. General Niel's' intention was to march towards Guidizzolo as soon as the Duke de Magenta should have taken Cavriana, and he hoped by that means to cut off the enemy from the road to Volta and Goito ; but, to execute that plan, it was necessary for the troops of Marshal Canrobert's corps to replace at Rebecco those of General de Luzy. " The 3d corps, starting from Mezzana at two in the morning, had passed the Chiesa at Viseno, and arrived about seven o'clock at Castelgoffredo, a small town surrounded by walls, and still occupied by the enemy's cavalry. While General Jannin was turning the position to the south, General Renault attacked it in front, sent sappers to burst open the gates, and entered the town, driving the enemy's cavalry before him. " About nine o'clock in the morning Renault's division, having arrived abreast of Medola, puf its left in conjunction with General de Luzy, on the side of Ceresara, and on its right faced Castelgoff redo, so as to watch the movements of the detached corps, whose departure from Mantua hail been an nounced. " That apprehension paralysed, during the greater part of the day, the corps d'artnee under Marshal Canrobert, who did not think it prudent in the first instance to lend the 4th corps the sup- port demanded by General Niel. Nevertheless, about three o'clock in the afternoon, being reas sured as to his right, and having of himself judged General Niel's position, Marshal Canrobert sent Renault's division towards Rebecco, and ordered General Trochu to carry his first brigade between Casnanova an a Baeta to the point on which the most formidable attacks of the enemy were being di rected. This reinforcement of fresh troops per mitted General Niel to send in the direction of Gui dizzolo part of Luzy's and De Failly's divisions. This column advanced up to the first houses of the village ; but, finding before it superior forces estab lished in a good position, was obliged to stop. " Generil Trochu then advanced to support the attack with Bataille's brigade of his, division. ITe marched on the enemy in close battalions en echi quier, the right wing in advance, with as much order and calm as in a field of manoeuvres. He took from the enemy a company of infantry and two pieces of cannon, and he had arrived half-way from Casanova. to Guidizzolo when the storm broke forth which put an end to this terrible conflict which the co-operaticn of the 3d and 4th corps was threatening to render so fatal to the enemy. " In the midst of the incidents of this combat of hours' duration the cavalry was of powerful assist ance in checking the efforts of the enemy on the side of Casanova. On several occasions Partou neaux's and Des' aux's divisions charged the Aus trian infantry and broke its squares. But it was our new artillery which produced the most terrible effects on the Austrians. Its balls went to distances which their guns of the largest calibre could not respond to, and strewed the plain with dead. " The 4th corps took from the enemy 1 colour, 7 pieces of cannon, and 2,000 prisoners. " On its - part the Piedmontese army, placed on our extreme left, had also had a rude and splendid day's work. It was advancing in four divisions, in the direction of Peschiera from Pozzolengo and Madonna della Scoperta, when, at seven in the morning, its advanced guard encountered the enemy's advanced posts between San Martino and Pozzolengo. The combat commenced, but strong Austrian reinforcements hurried up, and drove the Piedmontese farther back than San Martino, even threatening to cut off their line of retre'it. A brigade of Mollard's di'-ision then arrived in all haste on the field of combat,and assaulted the.heights on which the enemy had established themselves. Twice it attained the summit, and possessed itself of pieces of cannon ; but twice also it had to yield to numbers, and abandon its conquest. " The enemy was gaining ground, in spite of some brilliant charges of the King's cavalry, when Cue chiari's division, debouching in the field of battle by the road of Rivoltella, came to support General Mollard. The Sardinian troops rushed forward again with impetuosity under a murderousfire ; the church and all the works raised on the right were carried, and eight pieces of cannon were taken. But the enemy again succeeded in disengaging the can non, and in re-taking the position. " At this moment, the 2d brigade of General Cuc chiari, which had been formed in columns of attack to the left of the Lugano road, marched against the church of St. Martino, regained the lost ground, and carried the heights for the fourth time, without holding them, for, overwhelmned by volleys of grape, and facing an enemy who was constantly re ceiving reinforcements, and incessantly returning to the charge, it could not hold out till the arrival of succour from General Mollard's 2d brigade, and the Piedmontese, being quite exhausted, retreated in good order along the Rivoltella road. " It was then the Aosta brigade of Fanti's divi sion, which had at first gone towards Solferino to form a junction with Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliers, was sent by the king to support Generals Mollard and Cacchiari in the attack on San Martino. That body was checked for a while by the storm ; but about five in the evening, this brigade and the Pig nerol one, supported by a numerous artillery, marched on the enemy under a terrible fire, and reached the heights. They took possession of them foot by foot, field by field, and managed to hold them by very desperate fighting. The enemy began to give way; and the Piedmontese artillery, gaining the ridge, soon crowned it with 24 pieces of cannon, which the Austrians vainly endeavoured to capture; two brilliant charges of the King's cavalry dispersed them ; volleys of grape threw their ranks into confusion, and the Sardinian troops finally remained masters of the formidable positions which the enemy had defended for a whole day with such obstinacy. "On the other side, the Durando division had been engaged with the Austrians ever since half past five in the morning. At that hour, its advanced guard had met the enemy at Madonna della Sco perta, and the Sardinian troops had held their ground till noon against the efforts of an enemy superior in number, who at last compelled them to fall back ; but, being then reinforced by the Savoy brigade, they resumed the offensive, and, repulsing the Austrians in their turn, made themselves masters of Madonna della' Scoperta. After this first success, General de la Marmora sent the Du rando division against San Martino, where it did not arrive_in time to assist in taking that position, for it encountered on the road an Austrian column with which it had to dispute the passage, and when this obstacle was overcome, the village of San Martino was already in the power of the Piedmon tese. General de la Marmora had directed, on the other hand, the Pied - montese brigade of Fanti's division upon Pozzolengo. This brigade carried the enemy's positions in front of the village with great vigour, and having made itself master of Pozzolengo after a warm attack, repulsed the Aus trians, and pursued them to a certain distance, causing them severe losses." THE FRENCH SUPPLIES. A letter from Genoa, dated June 29, says :—The fact I stated in my last letter, that the French transport service is so little hurried or overworked, and , its arrangements so complete and well-timed, that they are enabled to give their attention day by day to the articles required for immediate use, receives an additional illustration from their pre- sent employment. The industry with which fhey have worked on and off at the formation of a coal depot on the Passo Nuovo has produced a black mountain which it seems suffices for the time, and they are thus enabled to employ without confusion a considerable number of men in the reception and disposal of a new supply of siege guns and limbers, of whibh, owing no doubt to the time occupied in cross ing Lombardy, we have had none for a fortnight. The cannon are, it seems, wanted at once, for,-un- like the former batch, which lay in the dust an hour or two before they were moved, they are shifted at once to their carriages, and dragged to the railway station without a moment's delay, so that I cannot say what is the whole number received. I myself saw two batteries of the same calibre as the last— 12 pounders, namely, rifled for a 24-pound shot, but from the quantity of ammunition waggons about I imagine that there may have been double that quan tity. For the conveyance of these when entire the great decked barges, fenced round the edge with strong rails, which were constructed here originally for the carriage of huge blocks of stone required for the new mole, and have been used with great success for landing horses, are found to answer capitally ; but masses of spare wheels, axles, &c., are piled into new French flat-bottomed boats, just brought over from Toulon. They are tray-shaped, deep, and immensely strong, with perpendicular sides and square bows and stern, and seem ad mirably adapted for heavy cargoes, while a bridge, working on a hinge, enables them to land more easily their contents of men, horses, or goods. One of them was alongside a fine steamer, the Loire, which was pouring into her a stream of small 12- pound shells by means of a trough, down which they ran as innocently as so many oranges, a man counting them aloud as they passed him, others in the boat pushing and rolling them into their places and when they reached land pitching them two at a time into an enclosure, where they bounded merrily on the stone flags with a joyous clank at touching friendly soil. The Loire, by the bye, was, when I saw her, giving a good instance of French rapidity, working three " whips" (a rope and pulley from the yard-arm, used to raise and lower weights) at the same time, besides the above mentioned shot trough, so that four barges were continually alongside, and by the time one was full another from the shore was ready to take its place. Six of these landing-boats were brought on the 27th by the Ville de Paris, screw line•of-battle ship, used as transport, carrying also aboet 1,000 men as rein forcements to various regiments—not, however, re cruits, but of the contingent—old soldiers who, in case of peace, would have stayed at home—a first instalment, no doubt, of 50,000 men expected to pass chiefly through this town, and a part over Mont Cenis. If it is true, indeed, that the Austrians had 150,000 men at Solferino, and that 78,000 more are on their way to join them, the allies will want every man • in fact, they have yet further reduced the small depots left here, and only yesterday I met 200 of the 4th Piedmontese Regiment marching down to the station, fully armed and equipped for the campaign, while detachments from the 26th and 68th French, encamped during the last few slays in the Bisagno valley, are giving evident signs of flitting. Besides the artillery, the shot and shell, and a little hay being discharged, there were several ob jects of interest on the landing quay, which is being extended in one part in a very simple way; the ready-hewn blocks of slaty granite, taken from the neighbouring quarry, are lowered along iron piles which mark their position, and are cemented in their places with pozzolana, or some composition which, like it, hardens under water. At One spot some 30 men were loading covered trucks, run absolutely down to the waterside, with oats ; they had repaired a turn-table broken by the passage of artillery and heavy waggons, so that when each truck was full they shifted it to its place, and three or four being hooked together, a horse marched them off straight through the tunnel to the S. Pier d'Arena station. An enormous mass of stores might in case of need be forwarded by this means alone, if worked at steadily, for two lines of rails run through the tunnel, and tramways are carried forward to the cranes and fitted with points or turn-tables along the whole quay. Further on men were adding to the vast store of flour and corn sacks piled up in hundreds under great eanvass sheets, marked " subsistances militaires," and in tended.for their protection against the weather; a crane was swinging up in pairs the avant train, boxes of cannon, bundles of rammers, sponges, screws, &c., suspicious-looking barrels, which did not, I hope, contain powder, for they were landed and rolled away to wait for the artillery waggons as unceremoniously as if they were hogsheads of sugar, and queer-looking bundles of spare wheel, looking like some infernal machine when cut out against the ay. A company of the Ist Regiment of the French Foreign Legion was hard at work landing bales of coverlets, shirts, and other comforts for themselves, under the eyes of an officer, who stood above scolding and calling them lazy pigs, and those of a good-humoured sergeant, distinguished by wearing his coat, who stood in the boat and settled the number of men required for each parcel, made every one do his share of work, and exhorted them to make haste and get their soup. Some of the bundles—all marked, by the way, for the depot at Milan, a great step in advance—were not too heavy for a single man, who was thereupon loaded, and staggered away, much to the amuse ment of a knot of Genoese porters, who had come down to the quay in hopes of a lucrative job, and were standing idle owing to their own foolish ness in not accepting reasonable wages. They ridiculed the soldiers' awkward imitation of their own neat way of swinging a load on to the shoulders, laughed at their unsteady gait and want of balance and firmness when heavy laden, and at last began to imitate them, taking their companions on their backs and reeling over the shingle as if unable to carry more, so that the officer drove them off in disgust, telling them that they were not worth their salt. More space is required here for sick, or stores, or both. The San Benigno Hospital contains 5,000 men, and is said to be full ; the National College, also used for the wounded, has filled its walls with privates, and established huts for the officers in the villa or cabbage garden and vineyard attached, a plan which gives them more fresh air than they would otherwise get ; no more salt pork is taken to the University, for the simple reason that that im mense place will hold no more ; so that yesterday one of our papers published a list of convents to be emptied of their inmates—S. Anna, at the head of perhaps the steepest ascent in Genoa, and near our own English hospital ; the very old church of Castello, in the Carignano district, where the town took its origin; S. Francesco di Paola, or the great hospital; one near the public gardens, and the left hand one of the twin convents standing above the port, and d;rectly facing the traveller from Nice or Leghorn. THE GREAT QUADRANGLE OF FOR TRESSES IN LOMBARDY. We observed the other day a paragraph in a French paper which stated that nothi ng e l se i s thought of or talked of in Paris at present but the Quadrilatere. When a Parisian takes up his news paper in a morn ng, the first word which meets his eye is the Quadrilatere. On meeting a frie n d, instead of greeting him with the everlast ing " How do you do ? " his first ques tion is, " How about the Quadrilatere ?" We are not quite so bad as this in London ; but, neverthe less, the " Quadrangle" is an object of great interest at the present moment and much talked of, and therefore it is desirable we should all know some thing about it. Under these circumstances, we cannot do better than give our readers some account of this celebrated position to which the Austrian forces have now retired, and which all military authorities agree in regarding as a stronghold. The famous Quadrangle is defended by the four fortresses of Mantua, Peschiera, Legnano, and Ve rona. Mantua is built on an island formed by the Mincio. The superfices of this is upwards of 100 acres. Close to this island there is another of about the same extent. The two islands are completely encircled by the waters of the Mincio, and 'situated about half a mile from each bank of the river. Mantua can be entered only by crossing dykes or passing along very narrow cau s eway s, of which there are two on the left bank and three on the right. These five passages are each defended by a bastioned fort. A broad canal intersects the city of Mantua in its whole breadth. This canal is navi gated by boats from the Po, by which the transit of merchandise is effected. The city of Mantua contains about 30,000 inhabitants ; it is well built ; the houses large and the streets broad. Two sub urbs are connected with the city by fortified bridges. These suburbs are called the Borgo di Fortezzo and the Borgo di San Giorgio. Of the defensive works which surround the fortress the , most important is Ceresa. The Palace of Ceresa was built aft er p l ans and designs drawn by Giuli Romano. Th e Empe ror Napoleon I. took possession of M an t ua i n the year 1796. During the French occupation the fort of Pistola was added to the other fortifications. Mantua is considered to be the key of Italy, b u t on account of its geographical position rather th an it s mea ns of defence. Marshal Serruier remarked that " the difficuity is not to take Mantua, but to approach it." Peschiera contains about 3,000 inha- ' the midst of an inquiring age ; the miserable idea bitants. Like Mantua, it is a small town situated of making a civil despotism more tolerable by ally on an island formed by the Mincio, at its outlet from ing it with ecclesiastical tyranny; the pride that the Lake of Garda. Peschiera commands the right does not disdain bankruptcy; and the obstinacy bank of the river. Its principal mission is to watch which seems ever in search of fresh misfortunes,-- and defend the Lake of Garda, and the sluices which these, and such qualities as these, have been the ad hold in reserve a current of water ready to sub- miration of the worshippers of brute strength, and merge any 'works which an enemy may construct, the despisers of all in the nature of man that ele or to carry away the pontoon bridges he may throw vates him above the beasts that perish. The system over the Mincio. During the French Republican has been fairly tried, and its strength has turned war the fortifications of Peschiera consisted merely out to be weakness, its union discord, and its piety of a pentagon. Subsequently a manielon, named La hypocrisy. The paternal system has been, like the Mandelta, was raised on the left bank of the river. British Constitution, put upon its trial, but, unlike On it were constructed three lunettes or forts, de- the British Constitution, has been weighed in the fended by a broad, natural fosse, on the right bank balance and found wanting. of the Mincio. A defensive work of considerable magnitude, called the " Salvi " covers the immediate approaches of the river. The fortifications altogether may be capable of containing one division of troops. In 1848 Peschiera, was carried by the Sardinian army after a three weeks' siege. Nevertheless it was Peschiera that checked the success of King Charles Albert. After the taking of Peschiera Charles Albert crossed the Mincio, intending to encamp temporarity on the heights of Rivoli ; but soon be coming sensible of the danger of that isolated posi tion, he did not venture further, and he again, though not without difficulty, fell back on the Mincio. Legnano is situated on the Adige, at an equal dis tance from Mantua and Verona, Legnago and Pes chiera are situated at two opposite points, and are of nearly equal importance. The former is not really a strong place, but as a strategical position the town is of vast importance, on account of its two fortified points constructed on the Adige, which enable the garrison to manoeuvre with facility on both banks. Moreover, it is from Legnano and by Legnano that the garrisons of Verona and Mantua can obtain supplies of troops and provisions. Verona, which is divided into two parts by the Adige, contains about 30,000 inhabitants. During the campaigns of the armies of the French Republic Verona was only a fortress of secondary importance, but since 1848 it has undergone considerable military deve lopment, and the Austrian Government has spared no expence to render it a fortress of the first rank. Formerly the part in the direction of Lombardy was almost without means of defence ; all the NATIONAL IMPORTANCE OF THE ORTIIFLEET DOCKS. In addition to the commercial advantages pre sented by the Northfleet Docks, their importance is also very great in a military point of view. An offer has been made to Government to lease them tnat portion which is called on the plan the " Re serve Dock," and, so far as the negotiation has progressed, this offer has • met with a decided ap proval. If the Government should accept it, there can be no doubt a military depot and hospital would be established on the spot. This would not only relieve tho licensed victuallers of Gravesend from the annoyances pertaining to the billeting system, but would add greatly to the comfort of our inva lided troops. Again, with reference to the sister service—to that increased accommodation for the Royal Navy, the providing of which is clearly justified by the present political aspect of Europe —Northfleet presents such_manifestly unparalleled advantages, that the Reserve Dock proposed to be constructed for the Government will not only form a most invaluable adjunct to Woolwich, but, con nected as it is by railway with all the principal garrison towns, Northfleet may be made the Cher bourg of the Thames and the Metropolis. A few 1i! words in explanation of the advantages just le alluded to. At one end of the proposed site of this Reserved Dock we have the vast and valuable ship-building and engineering plant created by the Pitcher family during a period of nearly , a century. Here is an establishment, not surpassed in its caps. bilities by any of the Government dockyard* ready formed to hand, so that vessels of war or all classes—whether built of wood or iron whether moved under canvas 'or propelled by steam—can be expeditiously docked and overhauled; and their engines and boilers be promptly examined and repaired. At the other end of this dock we have the town of Gravesend, ahead,' built, and capable of supplying not only everything a fleet might require in the way of ship provisiono and stores, but capable also of furnishing, from it/ extensive population, the particular kinds of 'about necessary to the development of such an important naval station and military depot as might be estat blished at the Northfleet Docks. Before I conclude. my observations on the advantages of the propose(' site for Governmental purposes, I must call youf attention to the facilities these Docks would afford both for coaling and watering a fleet lying withii their basins. With respect to the former, I con' sider Northfleet will become the metropolitan enn pprium for the sea-borne coal of the North and el Wales ; while, with regard to the latter, withil! these Docks an illimitable supply of the puree ti water will be constantly a v ail a bl e f or th e requisite, purpose.—Lecture by J. L. Tabberner. strength of the place was concentrated in that part which faced Austria. But this fault has been remedied, and Verona is now equally well fortified at all points. The old walls have undergone repair, and bastions have been raised ; casements, half moons, and ouvrages a comes have been con structed; 20 forts (15 of which are external, on the plan of the fortifications of Paris) are mounted with thousands of guns. In short, nothing is wanting. Austrian gold and military skill have converted Verona into a most redoubtable strong hold.—Bulletin. COUNTRY MARKETS. YORK. JULY 2. The attendance at our market was very thin. The sup ' plies of wheat were fair, and prices same as last week. PI Spring corn but little business was done. Wheat, white 4Bs to 50s Beans, Mazagan..—s to --'I S red 44s to 48s Middle & small 48s to 53 0 Barley 2Bs to 36s White peas 42s to 44 0 Oats 24s to 26s Grey.. 42s to 4 60 Malt, 66s to 68s per qr. ; flour, —s per 20 atone. ~, LEICESTER—JULY 2. This day's market was tolerably well attended. Whea i and flour sold in retail, and we merely repeat previous q uo. tations. Barley and oats at late rates. Beans improved , and coming freely tohand. Wheat 47s to 50s Oats.. 29 s to 36 9 I White do 50s to 54s Beans sos to 5 9 Barley ....28s to 42s I Ditto, old ........—s to -A NOTTINGHAM—JuLT 2. A small supply of wheat, which met a slow sale at abort last week's currency. In spring corn very little passiat but prices were the turn in favour of the buyer. Beau. scarce. White wheat, new, 50s to 64s Red do. 6os to 63s Old white sos to 54s Red do. 4Bs to 60s Barley, malting 388 to 48s GLOUCESTER—Juvy 2. There was rather a better supply on offer, and the las C week's prices were improved upon. DERBY—JULY 2. At yesterday's market there was a moderate supply of wheat, and the trade ruled' very firm, at about is per (I_,r* dearer. In Spring corn little doin g at about the raw' realised last week. In beans the trade ruled firm at rather more money. The wheat looks healthy and promising. CAMBRIDGE--JULY 2. There was a fair supply of wheat to-day, and a mile, business at the annexed prices :---White wheat, from D 5 Od to 638 Od ; red, 47s Od to 49s p er 36 s t .; b eans, 44s vt, to 46s Od per 38 at . ; barley, 30s to 32 s Od per qr. ; oats, 2 3 ' to 30s per 24 stone. Barley, grinding 28 s to 31 0 Oats,:old, , 2Bs to 3 0 New do 283 to 31 4 Beans. 50s to 66 1 Beans, new —a to •-• 4 * SOUTII GERMANY AND THE TVA.R. A letter dated Lugano, June 27, says :—After visiting several towns of South Germany, I was with some surprise brought to the conviction that the people beyond the Rhine are profoundly indif ferent to the present war. Even in Swabia, where from religion and old connexion the population might be supposed to sympathise with Austria, I did not find them to care much for her fate. But, on the other hand, the officials are in a dreadful state of anxiety, and with the officials may be grouped all the higher classes. The honest German farmers, though in no wise loving the French, entertain no fears of them. But nobles and officials, and the courts, great and small, with which they are connected, do mor tally fear lest the French should come back to com• plete what they had half executed half a century ago, in the days of their ascendancy. There are a class of writers, too, who would represent the war as one of race--of Gaul against German, and Celt against Teuton. In a philosophical point of view the s be this, but neither the people nor ggle may combatants take such a view. The North thet r u and Central Swiss, all Germans as they are, show no predilection for Austria, who, to be sure, was their old enemy: and Swabians and Swiss have a great many sentiments in common. - Swiss and Germans, too, look for one material result of the present war, in which I trust they will not be disappointed. They look to the complete opening of Switzerland by railways down to the Mediterranean. The Government of Piedmont had done its best to further this, but it was ton poor. Besides, the best and most natural passages went through Pavia and the Milanese, The commercial and political adjunction of the two would be looked on as a great boon both to Switzerland and South- West Germany, for which the Rhine has proved no outlet. The least that people here hope for Victor Emmanuel is the Milanese, Parma, and thatportion of Modena which is' immediately behind Genoa. After that, say they, carve Italy as you please. Whether " war thoughts" will allow these pacific plans to ripen remains to be seen. But certainly the war mania is spreading fast in Switzerland ; and although the Federal Government has raised about 12,000 men at the expense of some £50,000, it has still filled all the southern cantons with drums, trumpets, and military occupation.' The rumour runs tlt the French Emperor, feeling the great sacri fices of men he has made, and fearing that he may want his native troops to resist German on slaught, has resolved on appealing to the Italians, and making them raise 300,000 men to defend Italy, after lie has freed it. The idea is a magnificent one. Italy, with 300,000 Italian soldiers, can de fend not only her territory against the Austrians, but her fate and freedom against any foe. To descend from such vast views of politics to smaller ones, I was reminded of our English mania to become a nation of sharpshooters by the proofs that the Swiss are already such. But I was really not prepared for the immense sacrifices they make to attain their end. Our Government seemed to think it did much by offering ammunition and tar gets to voluntary rifle regiments. The programme of the Federal 'fir, or national shooting matches, to take place at Zurich in July, has just been published, and stuck up in a verybroad sheet. How much do you think the prizes for best shots amount to Very - nearly 250,000f.—i.e., £lO,OOO. There is an amount of annual prizes for the best rifle shots At Zurich there will be this year one prize of 57,000 f.—that is, £2,280. There are also prizes of 40,000 f. and 20,Q , 00f. We spend sums equally considerable on the sp . 2rt of training the swiftest horses. Could MA file national generosity be better directed for the next few years? Lord Derby evi dently sets himself forth as the Pitt who is to weather the storm, having first raised it, of a 25 years' war. InsteadC of giving £50,000 to the race course, let him . give it to the best rifle and cannon shots. I fear, however, that national games and pursuits are not things to be changed or created at a thought or a bidding. I merely mention what the Swiss do spend on the honour of being good shots. The affair of Perugia has set the Swiss in great flame and shame; and well it may. I should not wonder if they passed a law depriving of the rights of citizenship all the Swiss who enter foreign mili tary service without state permission. They say that of the regiments in the Pope's service called Swiss regiments not one-third are Swiss at present. They however feel the more the disgrace entailed on the national name. At the same time the decree prohibiting foreign military service was hard upon the primitive cantons, whose sons have not the alertness of the southern Swiss to earn money in so many ways. The mountain sons of Tell could handle a halberd and little else, and their non-en gagement in foreign service has impoverished them. I have witnessed in this country a proof of how difficult even yictor Emmanuel will find it to make quiet politicians of the Italians. The Tessin, the Italian canton, is as agitated as any Irish county by rival factions. The government of the Tessin is in the hands of the liberals, who, though desirous not to damage the cause of religion, are still determined to keep the priests from being paramount in politics. As it is the election that decides the action of the Government, of course the elections of the Tessin are lively and disputed. In one important locality at the last election the Conservatives thought they would make a :fight for it ; and a leading champion of theirs descended into the arena, not with a long purse but a long pistol, which he discharged upon his opponents. The latter were not slow to reply with what weapons they had at hand, and half-a dozen people lost their lives in the scrimmage. The trial of this gentleman, which has just taken place at Lugano, has made the Swiss forget for the moment even Magenta and Peschiera. But battle fields and Italianpolitics I shall reserve for another letter. , AUSTRIA AND TIER POLICY. (From the Times.) Five years ago we were informed, on the very highest authority, that the Constitution of England was on its trial. War had come, and, as the wont of war is, had tested everything, and found many things wanting. Our military organisation, depend ent on the traditions of the Peninsula, had crumbled away into a hideous ruin of blundering incapacity and superannuated tradition. Strategy was un known, the commanders of our fleets did very little to remind us of the days of Nelson, our diplomatists blundered, and our departments did their best to shuffle their responsibilities from one to the other. Certainly the British Constitution was on its trial, and ,so was the temper of the nation. However, we worked through the difficulty after our own blundering insular manner ; some things we left as they were, some things we altered without amending ; some thiugs we actually did correct, a few men we punished, and many we rewarded. We ,whitewashed our Generals, expelled our Minis ters, and compensated ourselves for having starved our army during one year by gorging it to reple tion the next. These things we did, but what ever else we lost we never were for a moment in danger of losing the British Constitution. It bore this trial as it has borne so many others, and came out of it in no degree perceptibly the worse. Possibly, when the Prince Consort was giving utterance to his apprehension as to th 6 durability of our institutions, he had in his mind another model formed on far different principles, and sup posed to enjoy more of his sympathies. Unencum bered by the ponderous machinery of a Parlia ment, delivered from the perpetual blister of a free press, with councils silent as the grave, with sub jects drilled to passive submission, and troops trained to the precision of automata, Austria presented in every respect a shining contrast to noisy, turbulent, democratic England. If consi derations of a high and sublime policy, unfathom able by vulgar minds, had not withheld her from participation in the Crimean War, how marvellous would have been the example which we should have derived from the land of Metternich and Schwartzenberg ; how soon should we have been• driven to admit the superiority of the paternal over the popular, of the orderly over the progressive element. Such we may imagine to have been the speculations which passed through the mind of the Prince Consort when he weighed our institutions in the balance, and only did not find them wanting. Well, the wheel of fortune ha% revolved, and it is the turn of England to be neutral, while Aus tria, in her turn, has to undergo the fiery ordeal of war. We will not speak at length of the manner in which her military system has encountered the shock, and how infinitely inferior to their reputa tion have proved all the apparatus and appliances of war with which she has surrounded herself. Her troops have shown a stubborn and manly cou rage, but they are evidently wanting in individual intelligence, and, as they are only fighting for his Imperial Royal Apostolic Majesty, and not at all for themselves, or anything that concerns their own vulgar existence or happiness, they display an en tire want of dash or enthusiasm. Battle after battle they fight and they lose with a mechanical perse verance which might deserve our admiration if it did not appeal so strongly to our pity. It has been the policy of Austria to make her subjects into one nation, and that policy has been illustrated by the fact that her Italian regiments, on whom she has strangely relied to assist her in keeping down her Italian subjects, desert her by fifties at a time, and that her soldiers, when prisoners of war in the hands of the French, can scarcely be prevented from flying at each other's throatsd Her tactics turn out to be old-fashioned and obsolete, and the Monarchy which has devoted itself more than any other to the 'development of its military system finds its clumsy manoeuvres quite unable to encounter its active and enterprising enemy. The Generals of Austria have shown a wonderful deficiency of in telligence. The victory of Magenta was their own, could they only have prevailed on themselves to bring up the fresh troops who were ready to win it, and the bloody day of Solferino might have had a different ending if the Emperor had not retained two corps of his army at Mantua, for fear the place should be surprised by the army of Prince Napoleon, which was at that time reposing in the pastoral realms of Parma. For military affairs paternal government seems to answer no better than limited monarchy. Let us see if it is more successful in civil adminis tration. Of course, things will go wrong under the very best Goveinments and institutions ; but what 'is peculiar to Austria is that to her Govern ment and institutions her misfortunes are directly traceable. If her Generals have been inefficient, she has the consolation of knowing that they are all men of the very best families, and if she has lost the counsels of Hess, the chief of the Staff of Marshal Radetzky, it is because the ancestors of Hess have not hitherto been considered sufficiently illustrious to permit the State to enjoy the full benefit of his talents. But surely Vienna, the chosen seat of Imperial Royal Apostolic Majesty, is one sound spot amid so much that is rotten, an oasis in the desert of this paternal regime. Who can doubt it ? Has not Vienna offered to place its garrison at the disposal of the Emperor by manning its walls with its own Burgher Guard ? The offer is patriotic, but the Minister of the Interior has refused it, be cause he feels that without the protection of a re gularly disciplined military force his own official and perhaps corporeal existence would not be safe. Vienna has no free press to expose the blunders of her War-office, but her Ministers dare no more strip themselves of a guard than the tyrant of some an cient Greek city. The Tyrolese are supposed still to stand firm and to be prepared to shed their blood in defence of their homes and their mountains; but their feeling is rather national than loyal, and if they fight under the standard of their Emperor it is with the express mental reservation that they will not lay down those arms which they wield against the public en emy unt i l they have ex t or t e d f rom their domesti c f oes, the Emperor and his Council, a full redress of their grievances and oppressions. When thi s i s th e attitude assumed by the loyal inhabitants of the Tyrol it may easily be guessed what are the feelings of the Hungarians. This kingdom is lost to the Empire, we aro informed, unless a complete change of system takes place, and of that change of system there is as yet no appear ance. It is probable that the young Emperor of Aus tria has learnt during the last two months more truth than in all the previous part of his reign. That truth is everywhere the same. If his army be ill-commanded and his troops ill-fed, it is the system. If his capital be only kept in subjection by armed force, it is because the system has driven it to desperation. If his provinces are rebellious and his exchequer empty, the system has goaded the one to resistance and drained the other to the last florin. The vain dream of suppressing human th ou ght and the intercourse of mind with m i n d in CHELMSFORD--JULY 1. - - We had very small supplies to-day of all kinds of grad Sales dull. Oats and barley were a t a b out the prices of 10°' week ; wheat is per qr. lower. Wheat, white.. : 45; to 54s Peas, Partridge ..44s to 464 red 44s to 48s White 43s to 49 Barley 32s to 40s Boiling 44s to 49 Chevalier ....34s to 41s Dun 41s to 4 3° , Grinding 26s to 34s Beans, Tick ....Os to 429 Malt 60s to 66s Harrow Ticks 41s to 49 Chevalier : 63s to 69s Mazagan 40s to 4 44 Oats 25s to 34s DUBLIN. JULY 1. There was no alteration in the prices of wheat at our coil market to-day. Oats in good demand at 3d to 6d ad vance on Tuesday last. A good inquiry for Indian corn. s .. d. 9. d. .d. a. a. Wheat, white 28 6to 31 0 Do., new ..... 11 6t013 9 Do. red 27 6to 28 0 Bere . ........ 10 otol2 I Do., new to Barley Oats Do., black l3 6to 15 0 Indi an corn .. 29 0t0 32 ° EXPORTS OF CALICOES AND YARNS.--There were exported from Hull in the month of May last 3,389,57 0 yards of plain calicoes, 2,172,323 yards of printed ealicoel 3,909,41311). of cotton yarn, 367,8101 b. of linen thread en " yarn, and 815,8691 b. of woollen and worsted yarn. [ADVERTISEMENT.]--We quote some interesting Curer; without Medicine of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Flatulency' Constipation, Nervous, Bilious and Liver complaint* Cough, Asthma, Consumption and Debility by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food. Cure No. 49,832.-"' Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk—Fifty years indeecrih" able agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, coughs constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomitings, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Revalenta Arabica Food.—MARK JOLY. Cure No, 3,906. —Thirteen years cough, indigestion, and general debility have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Revalenta Arabica Food. Athol-street, Perth. James Porter, Cur° 47,121. —Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vtcarage, Wel" tham Cross, Herta, a cure of extreme nervousness, indiger tion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure 48,31 4 , M iss Elizabeth Ye oman, Gateacre, near Liverpool,. a cure of ten years dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irritabilitf• In tins, at ls. 6d. ; 11b., 3s. ; 21b., ss. 9d. ; 51b., 125.; 121 b., 265. The 101 b. an d 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post" office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London. Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piccadilly; Abbis, 60, G racechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 63, and 150, Oxford' street ; 330 an d 451, St r and ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road. Also at Dublin, Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburgh, Raimes and Co. at Liverpool, Nixon and Thew ; at Manchester, Sharp and Scott ; at York, Raimes, Blanchard, an d C o. ; at S ou th' ampton, Randall and Son. BIRTHS. BnowN.—On thel7th inst., at 7, Hans-place, Sloane-street Mrs C. Gage Brown, of a son. LATHAM.—On the 30th ult., at Erith, Mrs. Henry Ta Latham, of a son. SYKES.—On. the Ist inst., at Richmond, Surrey, the wife of W. H. F. Sykes, Esq., of a daughter. WELLESLEY. —On the Ist inst., at Boulogne-sur-Mer, Mrs. Wellesley, of a daughter. MARRIAGES. C ONROY — MARSHALL.—On the 30th ult., Henry George Conroy, Colonel G rena di er G uar d s, second son of the late Sir John Conroy, Bart., to Fanny, daughter of the late William and Maria A. B. Marshall. CROKER—BAKER.—On the 30th ult., at the parish church, Leamington, Richard Croker, Esq., late of the 3d Dra goon Guards, second son of the late Colonel Richard 11. Croker, formerly of the 18th Hussars, to Frances Sophia, daughter of Capt. G. Baker, R.N. • DEATHS. BARKER.—On the 30th ult., at Whitby, Peter Barker' Esq., aged 79. BEAZER.—On the 29th ult., Mr. Stephen Beazer, ' oi Castle Combe. CURTIS.—On the Ist inst., Mr. J. Curtis, of 9, Portland place, Islington, aged 76. GIBBS.—On the 2d inst., at Spa, Henry P. Gibbs, Esq., late of Elmley, Kent. GEE.—On the Ist inst., at the Vicarage, Abbott's Langley, Herts, Milbourne, only son of the Rev. Richard Gee. MILBANK.—On the Ist inst., at Thorp Perrow, Yorkshire, Mary Emily, daughter of Mr. and Lady Augusta Mil bank, aged 25. ROUTLEDGE.—On the Ist inst., at Brampton, Cumberland, Mr. John Routled,re High Constable. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of Middlesex, Monday, July 4, 1859. GI AND P Sared cott, liver, tits, withe with( and rate I Is.ll I3ilio . pada on th T to th 4 G 1 Fl 111 F eve tha a-p arts ten Ball Roc -Ltl bon' Sr; and Whi Cur( and The Twd the] dud ANI dual perit utani osqua shot food, seas( flesh crew: li t tY it. Test enltui 448 fe Rally payal ICT.i by vn V' liciou cent. the T King sent f Cc Five f NVhee 'Whee Strap C A tier 3 CE gentl smal and so cl he h .of t anan Si rou Pos . ! Mak, 0 res con loel the an(