The Sun. — London, England, 1869-08-31 00:00:00

' 'p SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JotrawAis. A good many years ago I was placed, as curate, in sole charge of a large rural parish in Surrey. It was the sort of post I had been most desirous to obtain, as I may say that "my heart was set" on getting married, and this appointment enabled me to make arrangements for ending an engagement of a long duration. It happened that, as I came down to breakfast on a lovely June morning, my worthy landlady told me "an old gentleman" had been waiting in the kitchen a long time to see me. I felt shocked at having kept him so long, and begged her to shew him in at once, feeling somewhat relieved and amused to find the " old gentleman" who entered in con sequence to be clad after all in peasant guise. There was something very taking indeed in his appearance. He was dressed in a snowy "round frock," clean and well-fittiee corduroy breeches, and Yellow leather gaiters, fasts down his legs by bright brass buttons, and meeting decent highlows, presenting a phenomenon very rare so late in the week as on Thursday, namely, the appearance of having been blacked that morning. The man was a very picture of cleanliness and respectability. And such a head as he displayed! well formed, handsome, and covered with snow-white waving hair. His face was very frank and plearant, of a highly intellectual type, with blue eyes, fresh rosy cheeks, and a tanned complexion, which became him admirably. lle was a picture of kindly venerable age ; and somehow as he appeared, framed in the doorway, he seemed to realise au old ideal that, before I could open my mouth to echo his respectful "Good morning," the in selecting their office, the care they would take in buying " 'You are old, rather William,' the young man " a pound of tea, and that others consciously make the pur- cried, seemed to flash through my brain. I felt that I chase of a policy a speculation, and simply choose the was in the presence of a much worthier, if a lowlier, person office than which offers the highest terms. It could scarcely offended • myself.—" • I hope, sir," upon you. I thought, as you" ho began, "you'll not be be argued that the State should forbid men to make the by my intruding were parson here, you'd think I did right in coming to best bargain they can for themselves in insuring their lives any more than in any other sort of investment; and, you."—" Well," I replied, "that depends of course on on the other hand, to make improvidence of itself a title what e you have come for ; but you are very welcome."— " "Have you c ome far this morning?"—" No, sir, no. I to public protection would be not only a dangerous, but a very impracticable, policy, slept at the Mariners' last night. I'm only just out .of e The Herald, after retracing the history of the mifortn- the hospital, nd walked twelve miles from Guildford rate company, says that really when one learns that a yesterday."—"And where are you on your way to now ?" large life office was managed in this fashion one ceases to I asked.—" Why, sir, I'm walking my way back to home wonder at the fate that has overtaken it. Expensive pre- ground. I come from Stockbridge, in Hampshire, where my sons is settled. I live myself at Surbiton, and have raises and a costly staff are elements of weakness ; but an this dozen years, and I always go every year to see my .annual income of £320,000 will stand a good deal if there lads and my grandchildren, God bless them. But this be nothing inherently and vitally unsound in other year I was taken ill at Guildford on my way, and I've details of administration. The great mistake of the been near a fortnight there, and so my money ran out" — Albert was its system of allowing its principal official "And what do you mean to do now?"—" Well, air," he a liberal percentage on all premium income, whether answered, "I might have written to my lads to send good or bad, thus giving him a direct interest in the me some, but I thought I could make what I had do; •acceptance of excessive risks and unsound lives. Pro- besides they're hardworking men themselves, and I hably the medical officers had sufficient influence to pro couldn't find it in my heart to ask them for help. I keep vent much mischief being done in this way by a little market-garden at Surbiton, and indeed I thought individual assurers, but they were utterly powerless to I could manage with what I have, but I've run - short, and check the wholesale importation of bad business by so I,sir, thought I'dcome and advise with you, because you amalgamations with offices neither strong enough nor know, sir, as the Romans used to say, Necessitas non sound enough to stand alone. The guarded language of habet legem.'"--" How do you know the Romans ever the report, taken in conjunction with the patent fact of said that ?" I asked.—" What do the words mean?"—He the company's failure, makes it only too probable that the smiled benignly, as lie answered, "Necessity has no law ; sum paid from the Albert's funds does not nearly cover "—" the Albert's losses through its adoption of that fatal it's Latin, sir. W here did you pick it up. "—" Well, policy which made it little better than a mere aggregation sir, you'll think it strange, no doubt, to look how I'm d of rotten concerns, whose every premium, " loaded " withressed, and to know I'm a labouring man ; but I learned Latin, sir, when I was a boy at the Holybourne Grammar per centages to agents and others, was burdened anew with an extra five. per cent. payable to the purchasing School, near Alton; and what's strange enough, the gentleman who taught us was old Mr. Rogers, who company's managing director. Clearly, every man who was vicar of this parish afteiwards for a matter o f insures his life has an interest in demanding th e mos t thirty ycars."—" Have you had any breakfast yet ?" I searching inquiry into the causes of such a c a t as t ro ph e , " " ' and we trust that whenever that inquiry shall tak e place, inquired, in Latin.— No, sir, th at I haven t, he replied at once, in the same language.—" Here, Mrs. Wood," I the blame will be neither sparingly nor tenderly laid upon cried, "do a couple more rashers, and bring a cover the right shoulders, for this old gentleman !"—With many apologies for his The Post thinks there is a p or ti on of the population homeliness, the fine old fellow at last took a seat, and kept which we can hand over to our colonies with equal benefit me interested in his quotations and conversation till he to them and to ourselves. At the same time, it is pos. had had time •to lay in a very substantial breakfast. I Bible that by overdoing emigration we might send them was delighted with the handsome old man ; I knew well more hands than either they require or we can spare, and that what he meant by advising with me was simply when there are zealots who urge upon the Government asking me to help him on his journey; but I looked the advantages that would arise from spending one or forward with a sort of pleasure - to his coming to that part two or three millions in promoting emigration, it is well of the subject, feeling, in my innocence (I was barely 24 to consider beforehand what the effect of such an expert- years old at the time), that to lend a trifle to a fair Latin diture might be. The Government would not be jus- I scholar who. had spent a long life in daily labour tified in creating in the colonies a want of immi- would he as great a privilege as to have handed grants by clearing land- and founding communities. Cincinnatus a cigar. He had gone to work, he said, on What it may fairly be asked to do is to facilitate the out- leaving school ; his friends had bad "no opinion" of flow of those surplus hands for whom there is no pros- learning ;he was sent to the Grammar School because pect of speedy employment at home. Rut tha maybeurue people nag a rignD to send sues. se.. esis—, nee: , aeannd which its interference cannot safely extend. and his parents had been of those who take everything It is not the business us ss-,l.—at o provide her colonies I they can get. He never forgot his Latin, he with population. If she can spare them any hands said ; he hadn't got so much of a hold of Greek. without detriment to her own industries, well and good. I " The truth is," he went on to say, " I was in hopes that It so happens that at present her capabilities in this you might be kind enough to lend me the few shillings I respect are considerable. It is, moseover, probable that shall want to get to my sons', and I shall be very proud she will always have it in her power to contribute to her to send them back to you as soon as ever I get home. I'm colonies a greater or less amount of surplus labour. And, not begging, sir, for I'd scorn not to pay my way, as I when once the means of doing this have been so settled always have done through my life ; but I only wanted a se. , .e ment before he has exhausted his stock of money, there ! sir, I came to you." The preference was fiatterin ' gcnougll can hardly be a doubt that, with proper encouragement, to be suBpieious ; but I was pleased with m y guest, an all who have no present hope of suc cess i n E ng l an d will entertained by the 3% bole incident ;and my old gentleman have at least the opportunity of turning their industry to took a most cordial leave of me, with the solid proof in his account in another part of the empire. It is hard:y a tvaistcoat pocket that, his grammar-school education, sixty question how far it would be safe to press emigration or seventy years before, had proved worth ten shillings beyond 'this limit. The wealth of a nation consists as I of lawful coin of the realm. A week and a fortnight much:in its Population as in its cornfields and mines; andasked followed by o th er wee k s an d ot h er fort. it would be a very short-sighted p o li c y w hi c h , i n or d er to 1 nights, and I often thought of old "Father William." relieve the country of its surplus hands, would run the (As week s had come and gone, and my half-sovereign had risk of depleting its necessary strength. gone and never came, I explained its loss by the regretful The Standard says that the English and American supposition that the poor old man might have bad a consuls at Cuba comprehend the force of a couple theatre. relapse of his illness, and even have died. I left my Our readers will already have seen the story of their parish and my bachelor lodgings for a few weeks, and I heroic conduct. Injured innocence in the person of a returned a married man, to setup house in the parsonage, sailor, American by birth, English by extraction, was in 1 where just on such a morning as' Father William had the grasp of tyranny. The victim's doom was sealed. made his appearance, and just a year afterwards, I was He was condemned to die. The fatal moment greeted by our parlour-maid, in the very words of my drew nearer and nearer. The last moment, as housekeeper of a year before, and told that "an old we say, had arrived, and the hero tottered on the gentleman had been waiting a long time in the kitchen to brink of the next world, when the soldiers, who I see me."—" Oh ! dear me, yes," said my wife, "I saw stood with their muskets pointed at hi s breast, and their j such a nice, respectable-looking old man going round to fingers already pressing on the triggers, were suddenly i the back door while I was dressing." I went to the petrified by a voice which commanded them to "Hold!" kitchen to see him ; there was "Father William," beau- This is not the plot of a drama at the Bowery Theatre or tiful as ever, only looking, if possible, more virtuous, the " Vic," but a real incident which has just taken place venerable, and interesting than before ; I recognised him in Cuba. The sailor was condemed to be shot by the . at a glance, though he bad forgotten me. I amused my- Spanish authorities. "At the place of execution" —we self by waiting for his communication. He was not long must fall back upon the exact language of Mr. Reuter's in making it ; word for word as he had done the year agent, or once more the genius of melodrama will prevail before. He was on his way to his sons', he had been ill a —" the English and American consuls protested I fortnight, his money had run short, he thought be should against it, and wrapping themselves and the go and consult with the clergyman first, because, " you Prisoner in their national flags stood in front of know, sir, Necessitas habet legcm,' as the Romans used him, saying that if he was to be shot it must be to say."—" That's quite wrong," said I quietly.—" Why, through them." Is it reasonable to assume that they sir? You know Latin, sir, don't you?"—" Oh, yes," I accompanied so brilliant a deed with language of appro- , answered, " I know quite enough Latin to tell you priate eloquence? To what is the prosaic character of I that whatever the Romans may have said, your English life due if these things can be done in other quotation is quite wrong as regards your case. countries? Is it only the necessary inspiration which is Necessity generally has no law, but there's plenty needed amongst us? At any rate, the two consuls under- of law for pour necessity, you hoary-headed im stood the case with which they had to deal. Their I postor, unless, indeed, you be come to pay me the splendid bit of claptrap was uttered at the right time and 1 money I lent you last year." He was certainly taken place. It saved a life, and they, for their part, deserve aback, and my words evidently recalled our former inter equal credit for their gallantry and for the brilliancy of view to his recollection ; but, with admirable calmness, their imagination. he replied, " You didn't hear all I had to say, sir. I The Telegraph observes that to most of us the transition shouldn't have come this way only I wanted to bring you from a eliMate which scorched, relaxed, and prostrated, the half-sovereign you was so good as to lend me ; and I t 3 one which has nothing extreme about it, but is, on the had it for you, but being took ill again, I had to spend it, whole, very enjoyable, is so grateful, that we are disposed and that's what made me not go to the house you were to forget what we have really gained by the blazing sun- living in last year !"—" Cook," I said, " give this poor, shine of the past week or two. We have been puffing, lying, miserable, old impostor some breakfast, and let panting, fanning, fuming, melting in the sun, gasping in him go. lam sorry to see an old man who has had a the shade; we have groaned under necessary tasks, or I good education hang down his white head in such shame have languished in a dreamy indolence —lotus eaters to I for his bad character being found out ; but if he ever any extent, desiring only to keep exertion and reflection shows his nose in this parish again, send for the policeman equally remote. But, while we have been idle, Nature and give him in charge at once." A quarter of an hour has been busy, and her processes have all worked in our afterwards I saw him slinking off (I believe he reviled the favour. Fourteen precious days of cloudless heaven and cook for not making his coffee sweet enough), and that torrid heat have saved our harvest from threatened ruin, was the last time I set eyes on "Father William," the and transformed fears of scarcity into assurance of plenty. speaker of Latin. — From the Churchman's Shilling Maga- Had the gales and rains of three weeks ago lasted a fort- I ziae • night longer, the consequences would have been something not pleasant to contemplate. But the danger was averted just in time ; it was blown off by a strong nor'-wester, and calm and sunshine followed. Then, as if by magic, everything changed fur the better. The soaked fields dried up, the plump ears ripened, the yellow tints of plenty suffused the landscape—the sickle, the scythe, and the reaping machine simultaneously inaugurated the glorious festivals of " Ceres' golden reign." So vigorously did human effort second the beneficent impulses of nature, in garnering the precious fruits of the field, that, through. out two-thirds of broad 121 , eland, the interval of blazing sunshine and parching airs, under vs!tich we have all sweltered and gasped, has sufficed to place beyond all risk the bulk of our cereal harvest. A RESPECTABLE BEGGAR. The Times remarks that the fuller the light thrown on the conduct of the Albert, the more absolute appears the mismanagement to which it has been abandoned for the last dozen years. Its history may give ground for apprehension as to the safety of other companies also ; but it affords no ground for a panic on the subject of Life Insurance generally. So far as is shown at present, the unsoundness of the Albert might have been dis covered by a comparison of the assets with the liabilities in any year since its solvency first became doubtful. A catastrophe under such cir cumstances really makes no case for the Government inspection which some of the hapless victims of the Albert call for. If it were found to be impossible to keep the managers of Insurance Societies within the bounds of honesty and common prudence, there might be cause for claiming the protection of the State for a kind of investment which it is undoubtedly the public interest to encourage. But no one who cares for the promotion of an independent spirit in the community can reasonably maintain that Government should be requirei to protect private interests which the individuals themselves are perfectly competent to protect for themselves. The history of the Albert does not shew that the loss indivi duals have there sustained might not have been avoided by the exertion of due vigilance on their own behalf, and its downfall, at any rate, cannot be fairly turned into a moral for a general system of State interference. The truth is that some persons insuring their lives do not use, LORD JUSTICE CLERK PATTON.—A telegram from Scotland states that it is the Lord Justice Clerk's brother, and not the Lord Justice Clerk, who died suddenly at Glenlamond, whilst grouse shooting, on Saturday. The Daily News advises holiday-makers not to let their travels be longer than their purse. Measure your cloth before you start, and then cut your holiday suit accord ingly. Don't go to Italy if you can't afford to get further than Switzerland, and don't go to Switzerland, if y ou ought to have stopped at Margate, only for the dismal pleasure of &pending the morning in the examination of your bill, and the afternoon in sigiing over its sum total. There i; no holiday in that. The Alps cannot help a spirit dejected by such sordid consiclerat;ol:s. Forbear to carry `•the ignoble mel a ncholy which springa from pecu niary einbarras.neent " into the placid presence of Nature. A second hiNt is, go where the change will be really a change. Alter toe conditions of your existence for a time. If you live in a crowded society, seek solitary places • if pair ordinary d a y s b e s p en t muc h i n so lit u d e , seek the reasonable companionship of your fellows. We do not mean go to Baden, Spa, Homburg—hells upon earth. There are cheerful places where men congregate without seeking from morning to night to fleece each other. Yet another piece of advice that we would venture to offer is—don't take your work with you. Leave the yoke at home. HOliday time is a time when you may imitate Hylas without incurring his fate. Not only is work done under such circumstances inferior work, but it will injuriously affect the work to be performed when the collar is once more resumed. A month's holiday, like a night's sleep, should not be invaded by any ruder visitor/ §oft 4uciplacid dreams. Colonel Nagle, the famous Fenian leader, has just committed suicide in America. Nagle left America to join the Brotherhood in Ireland in 1363, and he was connected with the Jacknell expedition. He had been in prison for two years, but was released as a naturalised American. He is supposed to have destroyed himself while in a state of insanity. AN ILLUSTRATED DAILY NEWSPAPER. The Californians now boast that they are doing—or at all events attempting—a little more than any.other city in the world. A daily illustrated paper has been started in San Francisco. It is called The Illustrated San Francisco Hem The daily numbers will, of course, be collected, and published as a weekly. The daily contains eight pages, is to a certain extent a newspaper, but is more of a literary paper, , Nith a strong Californian smack in it. The illustrations are executed in the new process of zincography, having very much the appearance of lithography. The drawing is made direct ou a zinc plate, whitened and also g rougheucd, so that it h as a grain lik e a lith ograp h stone. It is then submitted to an acid bath, which eats out the white parts. The only objection to the process is that the faint, delicate greys come either whiter or darker than the artist intended ; the acid undermines them. The advantage of the process is that when the plate is fixed on a suitable wooden block, it can be printed with the letter-press. It would be impossible, in a city like San Francisco, to get these illustrations up in wood engraving. This new process is a comparatively quick one. The drawing is made as rapidly as on paper, and thirty or forty hours' chemical treatment, 4c., fits it for • •. . • ttiordigari—St. 49ugt r. ruE SUN, LONDON, TO F SPAY EVENING, AUGUST 31, 1869. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. . ...•- .. - .. . . 11.. .- . THE IVEATITEII. The peculiarities of the weather are causing genera; remark. The International :University Boat Bac( was rowed on the Thames on Friday amidst tropical heat. Saturday was so warm that one would fain have sat in one's skeleton to think was a hard ship. Unhappy is he who, going to bed on Saturday night, hoped to cool his room by opening wide his windows. The sun descended, and the wind rose; before the light on Sunday morning people were beginning to shiver in their bed. Sunday was a dull, cold, wintry day, and overcoats and shawls took the place of the light clothing with which we keep away the heat of the sun. The change which had taken place during the previous night was about as complete and startling as ever the variable climate of .Eng land produced. aone Ira TO a cumax_pn. aturaay. A Man, wno swori that he had received in various ways during one, election four thousand:pounds to distribute in bribery, and traced the money right back to the candidates, was told by one of the Liberal lawyers froM whom he had received the money that he was mistaken, and essaying to correct his mistake before the Commission, confessed who had drawn his attention to it, and was toldthe rest of his disclosures were valueless. The commissioners deliberated on the matter, and passed the following resolution : That Henry Chapman Bussell, having informed the commissioners that that he had made a full disclosure of all matters, and the names of all persons implicated, they are about to make a first report, in order that the Attorney-General might have time to consider the 'ques tion whether or not there was any witness or other person named by him that should be prosecuted ; and that the question of granting a certificate to Bussell should be re served until the close of the inquiry. At Beverley the evidence as yet Las been mostly confined to the proof of bribery having been carried on at the municipal elections. DIST,INC7IONS FROM BRIDGE? S S7ANDPOINT. • (Prom the New York Nation.) There was one period in the domestic history of the Ro manEnt pire which must have bean full of humorous and odd situ -diens, but of which, owing to the destruction of the files of great dailies, monthly magazines, and religious and °tin 3r weekly newspapers by Altric, who hated the press, .:' Jot a trace has come down to us—we mean the period s‘ - hen manners, having become very luxurious, and social lb splendid and complicated, British, Thracian, and Germ •an slaves fresh from the forest were constantly ca ll e d u pe n to act as waiters, grooms, valets, cooks, and so forth. it is useless to tell us that the newly caught savages were.fiirst used as field-hands, and tied up in the ergastula ow:night, and that it was after long training that they - evere employed in menial duties, properly so called—if -ndeed the Roman-born slaves were not always reserved fo r this class of service. This was, no doubt, true of the e mat establishments ; but there must have been plenty of B oinans of moderato means who, when they wanted a cot 'k or man-of-all-work, went to the market and bought a cheap newly imported barbarian ; and, having taken hint home, went through the agony of seeing him break their dishes and ;wine-jars, upset their lamps, and spoil their victuals. We know very well that many peo pie feel waeranted in supposing, on the strength of one passage in Jirvenal, that, when things went wrong in this way, the master -went out, dug a hole, set up a cross, and crucified the clumsy - servant ; but this can hardly have been a common pracqee. The vast majority of Romans bore with him as best. they could larupped him probably with moderation ; and. the mistress, when she went to the bath, told amusing stories to her friends of the queer things he bad done, and of his ignorance of the usages of genteel Roman life. Now, what would we not give for a volume of these stories Some of them must have been curious beyond imagination, because the contrasts they described must have been such as have never been seen in the modern world. And yet we are probably now witnessing in the United States the last of a state of things not very far removed from it in grotesqueness and oddity. Since the fall of the Empire, nothing:se closely resembling this ono feature of domestic life iu Rome has over been witnessed as the efforts of Americans during the last thirty years to get their house-work done by European, and particularly Irish, immigrants. The classes in Europe which employ servants have ever since found or formed servants for their work amongst their own countrymen, possessing a certain familiarity with their ways, and prepared for household duties either by acquaintance with them from childhood or gradual training, it has fallen to the lot of the Ame ricans to be forced suddenly to receive into their houses a great body of aliens, fresh from a mode of life not very much superior to that of the ancient Germans, as described by Tacitus, and to trust to them for the per formance, without any preparation, of the thousand small domestic duties on which so much human happiness de pends. The result has been a body of comedy which, if preserved, would not only be one of the most amusing pieces of literature in existence, but would throw more light on American civilisation and manners in our day than anything the celebrated coming historian will find to his hand. One hears every day perfectly well-authen ticated anecdotes, which for comicality and illustrative and descriptive absurdity have never been surpassed, and which ought to be written down, but which thirty years hence will be forgotten. By that time, the typical Bridget of the magazines will have become a faint memory. The supply of her is already beginning to slacken, and she is getting old. Before long, she will be simply known as the mother of innumerable Maggies and ;Hinnies, who will work sewing machines and make watches and tend power-looms, read the " Ledger and Godey's Ladies Book," and be a good deal " out of heal th." o The Chinaman will by that time have taken her place,. and, heathen and outlandish though ho be, ho will never be half as amusing as she has been, because though Ame rican ways may be strange to him, he has in him some thing which Bridget has not, and which is the mainstay of Chinese civilization, and that is a highly developed imita tive faculty. He can repeat, with extraordinary fidelity, what he has once seen done; and—though he may copy without intelligence, like the Californian Chinaman who, having been shown by his mistress how to make a pudding containing three eggs, but having seen her throw ono bad egg away, continued for months after, whenever he made the pudding, to use four eggs, regularly breaking, examin ing, and throwing one away as he bad seen her do—still, it will be found that a capacity for routine is perhaps, on the whole, far more valuable in a household than intelli gence—if we have to choose between them. Untrained intelligence is apt for a good while to run into mere zeal which in housekeeping, as in diplomocy, is a dreadful thing. Anyhow, the Chinaman is coming, and we ven ture to predict that he will in twenty years have totally superseded Bridget. Like nearly all actual observers of social and politica phenomena, we do not know or do not consider how inte resting future generations will consider the household crisis through which we are now passing,'and how eagerly they will pick up all scrape of information about the effect on American life of the great European emigration of the nineteenth century. To be sure, the subject ha►s been greatly discussed in periodical literature, but the discus sions have been too homiletic or reflective, and not sal ciently narrative or anecdotical for the purposes of the future historian. We ought to have a printed collection of the incomparable stories now current in every circle of the extraordinary things Bridget has done, of the preten sions she has put forward, and the mistakes she has com mitted. There is one of her difficulties which only few Ameri cans understand, and which, neverthelosa, must be under• steed, in order to judge her fairly. There is something almost pathetic in her attempts to grapple with it. It lies in the confusion in which she is involved by finding the standard she has been in the habit of using at home to ascertain the social positian of her employer—and thus satisfy herself whether, when she changes her place, she has risen or fallen in the social scale—almost utterly use less on her arrival in America. The following advertise ment, which appeared in the Herald a few days ago, is a very amusing illustration of the fog in which she gropes her way for a good.while after landing, if not all her life : WANTED -A SITUATION BY A WOMAN AS COOK IN A.PRIVATE FAMILY; the family to be as high in society as a lord's family is in Europe. Apply at No. 125, West Twenty-fifth-street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues. In Ireland she has tolerably easy working in raking people. The landowner —or, as she is in the habit of call ing him, "the estated gintleman "—occupies, in her mind, as he does in that of the rust of the community, the highest place ; if he is a " Lord," so much the better, but a " Lord" is, after all, only a superfine landowner; the title is a mere ornament on an article in itself good and substantial. After the landowner come the professional classes—bar risters, dlctors, and ministers of the Established Church— and sh', of course, grades these, in some degree, by their wealth and connections, but still puts none of them down very law. With merchan4s of means she is not familiar; and has the old feudal or -what is still more intense— Celtic clansman's doubts whether a trader can ever be a gentleman. She grows up with the idea that this is the natural order of society, which was from the beginning and shall be to the end, and does not even dream of the existence of any other arrangement of classes. She arrived in America with her scale in her band, and finds it utterly useless. The equivalent of the country gentleman she looks for in vain. She would probably put in his place an idle man drawing a large income from any source, but him she does not light upon, or sees only in very small numbers. On beginning her practical acquaintance, too, with Ame rican life, she finds that—no matter how fine the houss in which she undertakes to cook, sweep, dust, or wash — the owner probably has "a store " to which he repairs daily, and in which he passes most of his waking hours at work. Now this tact, when she first grasps it, is more than "a painful revelation " to her. It absolutely dis orders her faculties, and destroys some of her best facili ties. The horrible feeling takes possession of her that her master and mistress are not " a rale lady and gintle man," and, after a brief period of sauciness, she tries again --perhaps advertises for a "Lord," in order to make assurance doubly sure•—and on finding that everybody either has "a store," or associates with people who have, she concludes that in the new country wealth is the only standard of respectability ; and to wealth, merely, apart from occupation or birth, she never brings herself to pay any respect, much less "petty allegiance." In attempting to judge people by the standard of wealth however, she again finds herself plunged in difficul- ties. She has certain notiens about the manners peculiar to a gentleman of which she cannot rid herself, and which exercise a disturbing influence on her Investigations. It is simple enough to divide families as she does—into "first class," "second-class "—according to the kind of house they live in, and the number of servants and horses they keep!; we have heard of her asking a lady . at an intelli gence office " whether she was a first-class family." But then, if tho bend of the family does not answer her ideal in respect to dress, bearing - , and exigence, she is again plunged in doubt. Tho nature of hor difficulty hero is well illustrated by what she said tho other day when giv ing warning to a lady, on the ground that her master was not a gentleman ; her previous employer was a gentleman, she said, inasmuch as "he bad three kinds of wino on his table, and swore." In f.tct, the mild-mannered, kindly American householder, who wears old clothes, runs er rands for his wife and daughters, likes rather than eschews chores," never rings the hell, and hates to give trouble, and does not tuital blacking his boots on a pinch, and washes down his meals with ice -water, and speaks to Bridget as if ho and she bad gone to school together, is a being whom she never thoroughly understands, and is constantly disposed to regard as an impostor. —a person living in a style ho has no right to, and stn•reunded by luxuries he does not know how to enjoy. She will pro bably never understand the society in which she lives; and the only definite conclusion she appears to have reached about her business in it is, that she ought to get all she can out of everybody she has dealings with, and wear silks. EXCLUSITE, VERY IMPORTANT, RAItE, AND VALUABLE are the properties of Leanplougu's Pyretic Saline, curing tho worst headaches, sickness, skin, or binary affections. Pleasant Palatable, and kwigoratia• t uia by all Qlacralotp!—EAcliqj COLLIERY ACCIDENTS. Tho Mining Journal expresses the opinion that (37:tending the inspection of collieries would not be productive of benefit in reducing the casualties from accidents. In Prussia, where official inspection is practised, the proportion of deaths is certainly not less than in England, where there is very limited Government surveillance. The raising of 11,765,000 English tons of coal in Prussia cost the lives of 167 persons, so that to raise the quantity equal to one year's production in England would entail a loss of 1,500 lives. The greatest number ever lost in ono year in England was 1,484, and the average, taking a period of five or ten years, is considerably under 1,100, nearly 20 per cent. below officially-inspected Prussia. REDDOITIINE VICARAGE. The Duke of St. Albans's permission to the Red bourne parishioners to choose their - own vicar having given rise to much adverse comment, Mr. William Hall writes from the .parish to set matters right. To soothe the fear that the choice of a minister by the congregation would give rise to bickering, canvassing, polling, &c., Mr. Hall says that if the parishioners cannot choose a vicar unanimously they will resign the trust to the Duke. They, however, apprehend no great difficulty. They are all tenants under one landlord, all church-goers, and there is no chapel in the village. Mr. Hall thinks the principle of election by the congregation a very good one. The rule is, he says, for the incumbent to think lightly of the farmers and to ally himself with the squire : From this cause parties get to cross purposes; the minister pulls one way, the farmers the other ; dissent thrives, churches are nearly empty, schools neglected, and the rising generation ill-attended to and ill-cared for; while, on the other hand, where the minister and his parishioners are on friendly terms, the school is en. couraged, clothing clubs and Dorcas charities not for gotten. And especially are we desirous of finding a vicar who would think it no degradation for himself and his wife to enter our houses as a social, and not formally a parochial, visitor. MR. vOYSEY AND THE CHURCH. Mr. Voysey the author of " A Sling and a Stone," and the subject of the Archbishop of York's heresy prosecution, has been asked why, as ho confessedly does not hold the Thirty-nine Articles, he remains in the Church of England, which sets thorn up as a standard of doctrine ? As this inquiry has been made by one who himself gave up his position for con science' sake Mr. Voysey has replied to it. First laying down that his duty as a teacher is to declare that which he believes to be truth, he goes on to say that the fear of degradation should not prevent him from carrying out what his conscience lays upon him. The Church, he points out, is under legislative con trol, and can have its articles modified by Parliament. Already the efforts of the Liberals within her have produced fruit in a relaxed subscription. She can be made to accord with the age again. "On this account solely, and not forits rank and endowments, do we 'heretics' cling devotedly to the national Church. We know by experience and observation that there is no liberty, no independence worthy of the name to be enjoyed elsewhere. We are alike free from the tyranny of conferences and of congregations. We are upheld and protected by the law of the land, and until that law is declared against us we have equal right to teach and minister in our Church with the whole bench of archbishops and bishops." The Church is now in a state of transition. She may yet (Mr. Voysey thinks) declare for the doctrines lie has enunciated. MORE GREEK BORROWING. Greece has been into the mkt for another loan, and, strange to say, this fresh demand on the part of a bankrupt State has been received with some little favour. The fact is that during the " rupture" with Turkey forced loans were obtained from the Athens Bank, and it is believed that the sum now bor rowed, £350,000, is intended to repay this levy. Such a remarkable act of Eastern honesty may materially benefit banking and commercial transac tions. In particular, such a result may be favourable to, ,t)l% T o r; T T,-, e -Puir c ,„ X t p_g_lish establishment, the the forced currency sent them to a heaVydisCiAlirf TEE DEAN OF EXETER AND MR. LIDDON. The Rev. Henry Parry Liddon writes to tho Standard anent the report that he was refused the pulpit of Exeter Cathedral by Dean Boyd on the occrscin of the visit of the British Association to the city. "No communications whatever (Ile says )have passed between either the Dean or any member of the British Association and myself on thesu ect of preach ing at Exeter Cathedral." The report, he thinks, must have originated in some misunderstanding. " But it is due to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter to express an opinion which would, I think, be generally shared by Churchmen—namely, that neither a visit of the British Association, nor, indeed, any other occasion, is likely to make demands upon the learning and ability of that body which it cannot altogether satisfy without seeking assistance in other dioceses." THE TAXATION OF CHARITIES. The vestrymen of the metropolitan district of Hammersmith have had to decide a question which statesmen and political economists have avoided. In rating their parish they have chanced to assess very highly the House of the "Sisters of Nazareth "—a home for aged, infi rm , an d destitute poor. The case has excited great interest, and petitions have been sent up against demanding money at all from a body of ladies who are striving to reduce the poor rate. Not only have the petitioners failed in their object, but the assessment, an exceedingly high one, was reduced only by an appeal to the Sessions. The rate wns no little burden, the " Sisters " said, to the institution, as it amounted to •:11 this year. One-third of the money, it was • agreed, should be asked for. REPRESENTATION OF WORKING MEN. At the last meeting of the Trades Union Congress, on Saturday, two papers were read advocating tho representation of working men in Parliament. The principal point of the first, that by Mr. Walton, was that at all futtze elections where two Liberal candidates had to be elected, working men should insist upon nominating one, allow ing the middle class to choose • c other. Should the middle-class party ref ;'''t to con. cur in this arrangement, the working men would support their man by plumping for him. In the second paper, Mr. Howell urged that of the popula tion of Great Britain more than twenty millions were of the working class, and that the yearly earn ings of this multitude exceeded •100 millions sterling-. Yet no member who directly stood for this great interest sat in Parliament. 111-success had hitherto attended the efforts of working men to get into the House of Commons, but it was hoped that a Labour Representation League would accom plish better things. WORKING MEN'S EXCURSIONS, • The working men's clubs of London are carrying out an excellent idea—that of visiting in succession the great eng;neerinc, works, compl e t e or o th erw i se, of the metropolis. Large parties, under the guidance of Mr. E. Hall, F.S.A., have on divers occasions inspected the Thames Embankment, the new bridge at Blackfriars, the Holborn Viaduct, and St. a Thomas's Hospital. On Saturday detach ment of 200 went down the river to the sewage works at Crossness Point and Barking Creek, confining their examination to the engineering part of the arrangements. As the working men's clubs included in the Institute Union embrace skilled workmen of every trade, every portion of the struc ture, from boilers to brickwork, was subjected to the criticism of practical men. The advantage of such excursions is evident. IMSII DEMONSTRATIONS. The two Irish national demonstrations in London came off pretty successfully on Sunday. If people must express sympathy with " Ould Ireland " and the " Fenian Martyrs," it is palpably a more sen sible idea to make an excursion to Graves.. end and Hampton Court, as did Sunday's sympa thisers, than to perambulate the streets with draggled banners. The good effect of this change in the system of getting up de monstrations was very perceptible on Snni.lay. Of the 1,600 persons who patronised each excur sion fully one-third were women. The weather was rather cold for the stern work of apostrophising the ghosts of the departed martyrs ; but the excur sionists stuck to their work. Both tic dead and the living heroes met with a full share of attention. At each place the release of the Fcnians now in gaol was advocated in strong speeches. Trrr, ELECTION commissroxEr.s. -- The Norwich Election Commissioners do not mako nearly the amount of progress that those at Bridg water are doing. The witnesses of the eastern city seem to have been "got at" before hand ; in tho West an age n t, w h o k new a ll a b out the corruption of the borough, told the whole tale to begin with, and made such revelations that it was impossible to baulk the inquiry. Nevertheless, the lawyers have been trying to screen themselves by packing the . I Plltneasee t , The discovery that this was being NORWICH MUSICAL FESTIVAL. The fiftieth triennial musical festival at Norwich commenced yesterday. This gathering and that at Birmingham are the only regular triennial celebra tions in the provinces, if the festival of the Worcester, Hereford, and Gloucester choirs, which by their near proximity, secure the advantage of union, be excepted. The Birmingham celebration has a de cided superiority over its competitor. At the capital of the Black Country Mendelssohn's " Lobgesang " and "Elijah " were first produced, besides divers other worts of high standing. But the Norwich Festival is entitled to no little praise. Its perform ances have generally been marked by very high merit, and it has been the means of introducing the chief works of Spohr—the " Last Judgment," " Calvary," and the " Fall of Babylon "—to the English public. The chief artistes this occasion are Wiles. Tietje ns and urska, Madame Trebelli-Bettini. Mr. l e i n m g a aged de o m n Santley, end Signor Foli. The band numbers 80 performers, the chorus 279 voices. Yesterday Mendelssohn's "Hymn of Praise" and Handel's "Axis and Galatea" were perforMed. FOREIGN NOTES. LUST= AND PRUSSIA.' The Prussian Cabinet is said to have furnished Its repro• eentative at Vienna with a note in reply to M. Beust's despatch of the 15th of August. This note, intended for the perusal of the Austrian Minister, sustains the argu ments of M. de Thile with respect to tie r'lations of the South Confederation with Prussia. It iff couched in con- ciliatory terms, and will most probably terminate the diplomatic correspondence, which threatened at one time to have serious consequences. THE GERMAN FLEET. The naval commission recently appointed at Berlin ha• decided that the North German ifeet shall be divided between the ports of Kid, Stralsund, GcestmUnde, and Dantzic. The ports of Stettin and Wilhenthagen are not included in this list ; the first because it has not sufficient depth, and the second because, being yet incomplete, it has not sufficient resources either for the supply or the repair of men-of-war. Twenty-four men-of-war, of which three are to be armour-clad frigates, and five steam cor vettes, will remain at Kid, which is to be the chief station. Twelve vessels are to remain at Stralsund, five at Gcestmunde, and five at Dantzic ; one of the latter being a turret-ship, the Arminius. THE DANES IN SCHLESWIG. The Danish party in North Schleswig has been making renewed efforts to induce the Berlin Cabinet to carry out the terms of the Treaty of Prague. One of the journals has published a sort of manifesto, signed by some members of the Danish party, who invite their friends to organist) a plebiscitum to define the line of demarcation between Denmark and Prussia. This demonstration is not likely to produce any result, as the German inhabitants of Schleswig will not consent to the proposal of the mani festo, and the promoters of the scheme will find it impos sible to act in defiance of Prussia. TUE EASTERN QUESTION. The Patric gives an explanation of the recent rumours of an insurrection in Bosnia, under the direction of Servian chiefs. There exists in Turkey a secret society composed of &laves belonging to all the Eastern nations, and this society is governed by a permanent committee: On the 12th of August this committee had summoned a meeting, at which the deputies of Servia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina were present. One member spoke in favour of immediate action, and detailed a plan for a general uprising. In support of this scheme he stated that the society possessed a large quantity of _ arms and ammuniti on , carefully concealed from the investigations of the Turkish police. This speech made a N ery vivid impres sion, and the assembly was about to vote in favour of the tTonosal to raise the standard of rebellion in Bosnia and HerzPzovina, when another sneaker interposed. He coun selled them fo act prudently, I. ac.av uE Europe, the Selaves need not expect the assistance of a single Power. The meeting was subsequently- adjourned until the month of Septemher, without any definite coaree being decided on. TIM AMERICAN MINISTER OF WAR. There are rumours of a change in the American Cabinet. General Rawlins has, it is said, resigned the office of Secretary of War, on account of ill-health, and the post has been offered to Major• General Grenville Dodge, of lowa. General Dodge served through the war, and was one of General Grant's most trusted officers. He is, however, best known in connection with the Union Pacific Railroad, of which he is chief engineer. He declined to stand for Congress in 1868, and it is as yet uncertain whether he will accept the office of War Minister. EXHIBITION AT SANTIAGO. The Chilian Government opened an agricultural exbibi • tion in May. It was on a large scale, and was visited by thousands of persons. The prizes were of great value, and drew numerous competitors from England, America, and France. The ploughs were the first implements sub mitted to public inspection, and the English engineers gained a complete success. The Americans agreed as to their superiority ; but they attributed it in a great measure to the fact that the English had rent experienced persons to handle their implements, while those from the State were worked by the peasants of the country. The greatest interest was excited by the trial which took place between the English and American manufacturers to secure the prize of a gold medal and a hundred pounds fcr the best steam-threshing machine. Here, again, the English competitor WAS successful, but the second prize was given to one of the American ma chines, which worked exceedingly well. There was a public holiday at Santiago to witness the distribution of the prizes which were given by the President. ILLNESS OF TEE FRENCH E3IFFIROR. The progress of Constitutional reform in France ix utterly forgotten in the excitement and anxiety caused by the ill-health of the Emperor. Paris for the last few days has been in a state of panic. On Friday the funds fell to the largo extent of 2 per cent. 'We are now assured that all is going on well, but there can be no doubt that something is, or has been, seriously amiss. Half-a-dozen medical gen tlemen, including N6laton, Ricord, Chauval, and Corvisart, are in daily attendance at St. Cloud. Yet these were not enough, and the Emperor has deemed it expedient to summon Dr. Chelius from Heidel berg in consideration of his special proficiency in some branch of his profession. It is some variety of rheumatic attack from which his Majesty is suffering; but precise information seems to be studiously with _held from the public. THE ORGANISATION OF THE IRISH CHURCH. The slight breach between the clerical and the lay parties in the Irish Church has, happily, been healed by the frankness with which the Bishops have met the demands of their laity for representation in the new Church Body. The Bishop of Meath has quieted many fears. In a requisition thanking his lordship and his brother Bishops for their recent address, in which the laity are asked to co-operate in building up a Free Church, the Bishop was asked "to instruct his clergy to invite their parishioners to elect representatives to meet in diocesan conference as soon as passible." The right reverend prelate has signified his intention of ncceding to this request. The Mail, which has sulkily been threatening all kinds of treason if the Bishops did not immediately recognise the " whole Church" is now restored to cheerfulness. It remark's that the confusion hitherto existing is now removed, and promises co-operation with the clergy in the forma tion of a Free Church. The real rock ahead now seems to be the settle ment of doctrines. Colonel Tighe, in promising to contribute £lO,OOO towards a sustentation fund, expreisly provides that "the present formula, doctrines, and di sc i p li ne o f t h e Ch urch of England shall be preserved." Now, it is obvious that if the courts be suppressed, a new mode of discipline must be adopted. Eut will the formulas and doctrines also be revised ? If so, under what rules ? There is a fear—expressed in various ways—that a " purely Calvinistic basis" will be adopted. It is hardly likely, however, that a Church such as . that which has just been disesta blished will make itself an exclusive sect. Perhaps— as is asserted—the majority of its members are Calvinists, but they are not so bitter against those who differ from them as to deny them communion. DuNvILLE and Co., - Belfast, are the largest holders of Whisky in the world. Their Old Irish Whisky is re - commeniled by the rdbdical profession in preference to French Brandy. Supplied in casks and cases for home use or exporta tion Quotations on application to Messrs. Dunville and Co , Belfast; cc 4, Beaurquelauildings,Strand, Lottd9n, Te/tiAement; AMERICAN AFFAIRS. (From the Anglo-American Times.) Kate Maean has written a letter to the Mead ville Republican, Pennsylvania, addressed to Woman's Rights Women, to set them right on this much-vexed question. The lady writes well; indeed so well that her ridiculous conclusion takes one quite by surprise, from which the impulse is to burst into a fit of laughter. After showing that the mental structure of women scarcely ever attains to the grandest development to which it dons in the other sex; after showing that women are not physi cally intended, as a rule, against men, to earn their bread ; after asking why, if they be the equals of men, they do not take their rights instead of merely agitating for them, Kate M'Kean tells her sister the true remedy for her ills. And reader, what do you suppose it is?--Protection to home industry ! This is what the sox need, being "a question of life or death." We wore not aware that womankind was confined to lucky America. We thought that the protection that might benefit Kate's sisters would be con fined to but a small number of Eve's daughters, but Kate, in the bre;dth of her capacity, seems to have overlooked this little fact. She addresses the larger half of the in-. habitants of the world, and arrives at the remedy for all the social evils, in the protection of the ironmasters of Pennsylvania and the cotton spinners of New England. After some bickering the reunion of the officers of both armies at Gettysburg was arranged to take place during this week, beginning August 23. Officers of all grades and of both sides will be present, and the positions of the various corps, divisions, and brigades during the battle will be accurately fixed and noted. It will be a very interesting meeting, and wo only hope that nothing will occur to mar the intentions with which these gentlemen assemble on their great battlefield. An inspection of the ground has already disclosed the fact that it was not the first battle fought there, all manner of Indian implements of war having been found over its surface in:such quantities as to indicate that it was the scene of several successive ac tions or of some great and decisive fight. It is curious to observe how contending armies find themselves mar shalled in successive ages on the same spot, even savages drifting there under circumstances which control their movements, though they may not be able to explain them. Major-General J. M. Schofield, Brevet Brigadier General J. H. Potter, Brevet Major-General Wesley Mer ritt, Major James Van Vorst, and Brevet Col. John Ha milton have been appointed a Board to assemble at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on or about the 15th of September and continue its sessions from time to time at such places as the Board may determine, to practically test the system of tactics heretofore adopted for the artillery, cavalry, and infantry arms of the service; to reconcile all differences; to select the best forms of command, and of drum and bugle signals, the same to be printed in a uniform and con venient edition, and published for the government of the Army and Militia of the United States. We may hero mention that Lieut. Ardagh, R.E., now Secretary of the Royal Commission to inquire into and report on the Forts and Defences of Great Britain, is about to publish through Mr. Sanford, of Charing-cross, a pocket edition for the British Army, epitomizing all recent improvements. It is amusing to observe how similar circum stances produce results exactly similar in the United States as in England. It hat been a puzzle which Punch, in a very clever cartoon a good many years ago laughably illustrated—Who are the people that send the conscience money, which forms no small item in the Treasury receipts, and which may be calculated on with certainty? Punch made them out to be lunatics ; and it is indeed a strange but com mon freak of mind first to defraud and then to makerestitu -tion, while thousands regard the fraud as no fraud, and congratulate themselves on their ability to " do " the col lectors of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Washing. ton Treasury ought to preserve the letters he receives as a quaint moral indicator of the national mind, and they will hereafter, when the United States has no debt, be amusing and instructive reading. Here are the latest : The Secretary of the Treasury received, Aug. 9, $75 from a resident of Boston, who says that he cannot live without doing justice to the Government. He begs the Depart ment, for his wife's sake, not to publish his act of restora tion, but forgot to sign his name to the letter. Ton dole. have been received from Mound City, Kansas, to be cre dited to the Conscience Fund. The Saturday Review says that Mr. Simmons, of the Harvard crew, most resembles an Englishman, and the Telegraph some time ago asserted that not one in the Oxford boat can compare with him as a specimen of man hood. He is a third cousin of Mr. Emerson, and took his • first lessons in rowing under the eye of Thoreau and Can ning. His ancestors on the mother's side lived for three generations in the Old Manse, and it was during a tem porary absence of the family that Hawthorne, whose book has made it celebrated, became the tenant of Simmon s grandfather, the Rev. Samuel Ripley, half-brother of Mr. Emerson's father. NAVAL ITEMS.—The American navy will soon be in a state of muddle as regards the names of the ships Secretary Borio made a very extensive change, many of the new names selected being objected to. Nov Secre tary Robeson has tried his hand, and this is the result:— Arizona to Nevada, Heels to Nebraska, Hercules to Ore- Thandercr to Massachusetts, Astoria to Omaha Cambridge to Congress, Detroit to Canandaigua, Achilles to Madoc, Jana to Nausett, Argils to Koka, Atlas to Nahant, Castor to Mahopac, Spitfire to Suncook, Strom- Loll to Wassuc, Tartar to Yazoo, Tempest to Yuma, Nemesis to Wyandotte, Nixen to Osceola, and Tornado to Winnebago, and many more such changes.—The Naples and Florence Observer informs us " the American steam frigate Dale is expected in Naples direct from New York. The European squadron, under the command of Rem- Adruilal Radford, is at present at Trieste, where it is staying for tho purpose of witnesoing some experiments with torpedoes. It will be present at the opening of the Suez Canal, after which it will return to Naples, where a portion of the vessels will remain for the winter.— Itear-Admiral Charles 11. Davis, recently returned to the United States in the steamship Guerriere, from the com mand of the South Atlantic Fleet, has been ordered to make arrangements for a survey across the Isthmus of Darien, to ascertain the feasibility of cutting a canal across said Isthmus. BUDGET OF MiscELLANEous.—The steamer Sacra mento sailed from San Francisco for Panama with $680,000 in treasure, of which $48,000 is for New York, $150,000 for England, $147,000 for Guatemala, $20,000 for Panama, and $lO,OOO for La Union. She also carried 500,000 pounds of wool for New York.—A 100 Chinamen are going io start a laundry in Chicago. They have the monopoly of the busi ness in San Francisco.—At Mattoon, Illinois, during the eclipse on Saturday, Aug. 7, the mercury fell forty-two degrees in one hour. OBITUARY.—Justice Garret Sandford, a well known citizen and Justice of the Peace for 15 years of Newark, died on the Bth inst.—Charles G. Little, founder and head of the well-known law publishing firm of Little, Brown, awl Co., of Boston, died at Cambridge, Massachu setts, Aug. 9, aged 71 years.— Thomas A. Stayner, Collec tor of Customs at St. Marks, Florida, was drowned at that place on August 4. Henry B. Haswell, Secretary of the Board of Public Education, died at Albany on the 101 h August.—Mr. Joseph G. Hanley, well known in dramatic circles, and lately stage manager of the Winter Garden, died in Williamsburgh on Monday afterncon, Aug. 9, in the 40th year of his age.—The Hon. Charles Chapman died at his residence in Hartford, Connecticut, Aug. 7, in his 71st year. OCCURRENCES.—PhiIip Gilmartin killed his son Thomas, in Cleveland, Ohio, August 9. Thomas was try ing to enter the house, and his father, mistaking him for a burglar, shot him dead.—Four prisoners escaped from the Baltimore City Gaol on Sunday evening, August 8, Hoff man and Dennis, the Harnden Express robbers, being among the number.—A freight train of 17 cars was smashed on the North Missouri Railroad on Sunday, August B.—The loss is estimated at s3o,ooo.—An iron cage, containing eight men, fell a distance forty feet to th e bottom of a coal shaft, near Massillon, Ohio, August 10, and all the men were severely injured.—A riot occurred, August 23, at Macon, Tennessee, between the whites and negroes. Two persons were killed, and a large number wounded, among whom were several offi cers of the sheriff. The negroes threatened to destroy the town.—There is no clue to the Express robbers on the Now York Central Railroad. It is known that their haul included $20,000 in gold. A convention was concluded on the 16th day of Unitedan d p r s o te cl t a e i e me d and the onthteheEm6tpheroorf Julyef the e French,last, between to April, secure in their respective territories a guarantee of property in trade marks. Every reproduction in one of the two countries, of trade marks affixed in the other to merchandise to prove its origi • • n and quality is for bidden, and gives ground for an action of damages in favour of the injured party, to be prosecuted in the courts of the country in which the counterfeit shall be proven, just as if the plaintiff were a subject or a citizen of that country. The owners of trade marks residing in either of the two countries who wish to alter their marks must deposit duplicate copies of those marks in the Patent Office at Washington, and in the Clerk's office of the Tribunal of Commerce of the Seine at Paris. An additional article to the treaty of navigation and commerce between the United States of America and the Emperor of Russia of the 18th of I)e3ember, 1832, con cluded on the 27th of January, 1868, and proclaimed on the 13th of October last, contains substantially the same provisious, exceptin.. that the trade mark of citizens of the United States must be lodged in the Department of 11ttnufactures and Inland Commerce at St. Petersburg, and the trade marks of Russian subj-cts at the Patent office in Washington. All applications for the benefit of the provisions • of the said convention or of tho said ar ticle, and all correspondence relative to such application, must be addressed to the Commissioner of Patents, Wash ington, D. C. The Tribune remarks :—" Many will remember Count Francis Pulszky, who came to America as secretary to Kossuth, and who, after his return to Europe, was for years a correspondent of the Tribune—the best iufcrmed with regard to events transpiring in Eastern Europe that we ever had. The whirligig of Time' has wrought a change in his fortunes. He is now reconciled to the Go- verAmea, Lae had hie large egtatee (formerly coaecated) ,C,..•••••1111,.. , rieo restored him, is right-hand man to Deak, the nnvg a , - : r . Premier, and (we see) was spokesman of the deputation at Vienna recently. Let th os e who ar e lucky to-day trust in to-morrow." o There is an ingenious d e vic 3 i n the San Fra c (/ ' Mining and Scientific Press of July 21, whereby wi t il ; blind, roller, as well as the bli n d, can , by a sine trivance of weight and pulley, be el ev ated or depressed pleasure, facilitating ventilation, and putting 811 4 eil the breakage of windows from the blowing in an d ' 9ll the blind. • f 10 1 The increase in the prope r ty valuation n oN York from 1868 to 1869 was in round numbers s s '° ,° 7' s 'lo —representing a total of $908,000,000. Th0101;000, value of this property is estim a t e d at $2,000, 00, 0 The increase in the income returns was S ls,B° , (l r e i with 1,044 more i nc o me tox payers. All 4 . - 0 0 closely corresponding to the above is reported l a " all the large cities of America. JOURNALISM IN AMERICA.—The Chronic' cently started in Boise City, Idaho, greeted its reader, the following original sal u t a t or y :— ,4 We have sl,rle newspaper. Nam.3—Capital Chronicle. Priacir les ; c e mocratic to the hilt. Obje c t—T o ma k e a living. On plain-street, about 300 y ar d s b e l o w the ad cl ° d'il Hotel, opposite an old oyster can in the road. run it or ' bust.' "—The Harrisburg (Pa.) Te/egi l T, 4l' its l c , o h l e ui d nn ea o t f h it o e f ms ls t a , a ' "Newspaper e T w o s u p e a e p; llornoeoratbj % cote' bral discos?. Ho remained, how ever, e c rf a e l e ls ti e l deb°l° : i :e g until his last moment. H o l eaves no' perfectly 111 ' sious were very considerabl e , an d h e h as made 1° : 0 ' 0 some very generous donations —ono being 5 1 ': 0 1 Trinity College, Hartf or d. H e was a r egular at`43 and communicant of the Episc , pal Church. lit 5 P l ' FROM ST. LOUIS TO EUROPE.—STEA 3O— H. W. Johnson, who claims to iv (ev- 0 1 11 ' steamboat pioneer of China, has written a letter fr v ,3 city to the President of the Board of Trade in St. Up ti' on the question of direct steamship n avigetl e , , Ø : y l o, Mississippi. "I have taken great pains," b e °- „ ( 1 o ' 4 study up the best models for ocean steamers, eO,ll, testing the thing fairly I am under the couri t il l p re sea-going steamers, drawing from Bto 12 feet, Nri l lt 0 0?; models, are in every way superior to deep b i lt. l ' . ; il y There can be no trouble in building steamers a' to run to Europe or elsewhere. My argument ;o , o ' vessel will go over the wa t er w ith muc h greales-0 .t and faster than sh e w ill th roug h it . I Ilave,,, three fine river steame rs , an d t a k en th e m to Li'' ,a; ',O O l the usual walking-bea m eng i ne, an d s t ea med al l t lO The first one—the Fire Dart-200 f ee t long, dr :.d,C 4 , feet with her coal on, stopping at the Cape De of Good Hope, Mauritius, Si nga p ore , and 11°11 ,, i 'ia tr 4l The second, the Fire Cracker, 260 f ee t long, d i fa t same water ; the third, the Fire Queen, 825 ' e " s etiPA feet beam, and drew but 9 feet, w ith 850 tone cl i i sa b o i , visions. These boats I s a fely d e livered a t Tbei e i t o ready for their work on the river in 24 hours. w ith , 14 , bility of your enterp r is e i s ver y a pparent A 15b,11 of steamers, with proper engi nes an d spars, an: 1 14° :$ 11 , pleased a to learn that it has become a sucuer,74 s o l ; ',: c V this moment, fitting out, a t Wil m ington t. iron steamer 120 feet lo ng , 20 f ee t b e am, 0 ' e- piei hold, which goes to sea i n a f ew d a ys for the f River, United States Columbia, with 100 to ne ° wile' so tons of stores, drawing only foil' r feet, a stern - . 04 her accommodations on the promena d e deck; 45. fully confident of her success, so much so tha t t ba ta' o of going out in her. lam cognizant of the fe et 0 ,0 3 company is now forming to build several larg e t ioir, 4 olr, iron to trade with India, via the Suez Cana l ,' 00 draft to be 10 and 12 feet. Speed and econooh 0,1 0 ,7 i ft9; tamed surely, as Messrs. Piesey, Jones, en d - fel° 'o °. Wilmington, Delaware, have built several ri f e t° lo .l/ ing 600 tons, making nine knots per hour e „, e „ficls l „ e , l 3 ; 016 coal per day. lam confident that they cao,':";-vitliv that will carry 1,000 tons, seven feet dra'% it: , admission of a single doubt. I will guarantee BANK OF FRANCE. '26' 4.- ~ Atig . fr 00 3 rBI, , n k The following is the return of the n a ~i, tlie coy .ritii for the week ending t o -d a y, together ..- .... b . responding figures of the previous o° llll 1 / 9 . e. DEBTOR. Atlg' Aug.l26. fr,o fr. P 0 00 fr An. c. ~ ~. 1D Capital of the Bank.... 182,500,00 0 --- ffr ° 474 6 Profits in addition to Capital (Art. 8, Law, 7,04 ' 0 Juno 9, 1857) 7,044,776 Reserve of the Bank 4 , 221 1C° 02 .90 , and its branches 22,105,750 1 - n o 0 0 " / Reserve of lauded pro- 4,0v,,'490 perty /4u, 4,000 000 -- 070,' - , 1 Notes in circulation Banknotes to order and IP receipts payable at 3 9 , 64' d 0 sight BO t 4 , 99 , 59" , ,66 Treasury account cur- ipt,„4, 4 ../ rent creditor 23090,346805'9,11075 05 257,";3,9 9 ", / Current accounts, Paris 276,771,47 6 6 1 46,1,0,6 1 " Do. branch banks 94,618,401 -- 9,° 46 Dividends payable 1,737,3 1 2- „ , 100 Discounts and sundry , 1, 2 P 0 interests , 6 60 Rediscounted the last six months 991,660 38 /9 gi Surplus of receipts not 41 6 ' 4 distributed -1 10 Sundries - ,--- ~q,;, ------: .., t o, t Total CREDITOR. .A tl' ,4 0 Aug. 19. 11- .9 I'" Cash in hand and in 1, 44891 a c. t 22 6,4 'a 9 S Branch -6 ~- ejv $ Branch banks 1, 941 ' 1 4 Commercial bills over- 80 aS duo .. 226,753 43,, e 7 Iv ' Ow Commercial bills dis- t:•,, 145'684' 00 not yet due 283,011,8.36 22 05,u , / Do. branch banks Advances ou deposit of 231,118,4 89 --- ii.,58 3 0 9 : , 9 ,0 ° 0' / bullion 18,835,100 -0, Do. branch banks Do. on French Public 1 4'0 1 Securities Do. by branch banks 1677,643294212,81900:00 ------ a :' :::: : 0 :115/ b0, 95 1,k Do. on railway shares and debentures 38 ,858,300 2 9 2 n o i Do. branch banks - • Ov 1,0 3 .N0 0 Do. on Credit Feucier ;00 -- 1,091 Bonds Do. branches - 0 0 °' °°° ,o. v e t n o t i t o h n e , State june ( C o i l ; 6 0 ,` Al l 1857) ey,, .4 Government Stock re- 610;090800,0:0o ' - ‘1 " 1 o: , 6o S i O s q B : ; serve ,5 80 / Do. disposable Routes Immobalis6es 10 0 1 ° ' (Law, June 2, 1857) 100,000,000 •••" Hotel and furniture of 9 154 ' 'i the Bank and landed , ; propezt,y branches - a 5 6 ' 0 s3- , ' IS Expenses of manage- ment l7 8 0 ' bi Sundries ------------ OS, Oft Total Certified by the Senator-Go vero O P " of France. iloCi'' er (sign mhpe lehoueßossnttai photographic ferloa G rupfr l exdh a ceu s itdc s r y e il s ef o , osn b zrtsr y eutas l r hmpbe o pep i ln. g rysit t ie l snd i h i i n ; lid iers 7 iril l e ' l e • e ll el t al b ° oo : go l p t i j or,,r t , ' . : : ' : 9l. t o vi l fi t to ll 6 : el. o . l l oo l ; 4c' ri ,. / 3,., de ,,,,, , t , greatest success, whereby their taste conduit-street iJa t 1101 T ac t th ii ° s l,lo l ;• o i l instances to as much as 20 per cent. ~-1 11 or pg),... 09; 1 no dearer than those of the best Fra c " i i.. t itte e li ir l jer'' v eriL .11110 LIS tic ,t9 At the depot Callaghan, 2341., Now Dc al b y 0 1 . 3 410 0 0 he th p e os p s a e t s r s o io n n s 'ol comparatively trifling cost. It is sui)°l C ol3s cl i. :ell' Barry's healtghs rated by dru quality is as ever matchless. a tbe .I).,aerbio Voli , to of 0, , digestioli), s too i rj ~‘ P 9 i [ADVERTISEMENT.]— llyspepSitt l. ° bilio U9 'ted 9 ' IC l '',l 9 flatulency, g a osntuhetr nervousness, Debility, Consumption, and all nervous, , r oa 40 1 , 0f.h 5 1 Liseracreoecsdl italci)lieciLh.oo pljri 0:0_ iosre4o; liver complaints in every stage, are 00Y egil e etlY ''',,s P g r 019 f, li m u b t . l.P ..;: e' r etil' l' 'lr le;; :l l' Af tl ; l/: r o e f st e o v ri e n ry g Edeesvearligntitof x thousands of cases which had been consrinids, l!y roA tt o .o,C tr iov debility, dropsy i , aom e u, Wit na, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in .. ri ,,, n.' 0 , ' cc' ~er" y, sleeplessnoes, acidity, p matism,. e rull a t t n i tit s ' tFo - ni a b 7 0ci , ..0.,,,„ ti e e ,jor rpsaanurlmesoisptsid:e,bisa,ilrfohucesnite, biliousness, infe.o:r7si..!teo'sjioreoat:tiou:sl[,4,:eoo,ol:: pregnancy or at sea,, sink s i P ti sits , s of the chest, pains at the pit of the stoln7 o D eall - . 3 ,l v ievil n b a r n e s n e e a i lit i l'' ,ll ' a c *. l : llet°„-%ct :e rt io ljir° shoulders, &cc. We quote:—The POI?:', Jlll/10,15, tOigoe: Du Barry's Food. Cure No. `e 5 68,413 01,11 Y o tire,, 0 P, c it , ; health of the Holy Father is excellent, T i oelf s oe A le i lefi` inn. all other remedies, he has confined, , e con_Ay . I , ,ce c o , B:rry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of Wbicu our pre' o s lo 4. , Ifl r ; ful at every meal. It has produced n not Prl Je l ( 'Vrtlo;c effect on his health, and his Holiness du liiid 4 ,t, o ' l oo' at food too highly.—From the "Gazette _ ner ola of p . .ds ! 9 No. 96,270 -Mr. James Roberts, timber '7„ittiu,f,/,..-11;t3pepo' Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lun,n o l4o. 1, , ' o re d ig!, derangement, and partial deafness. uu,' 0 09 Y fro ro , ffiTp, de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, c" ,„ g oul tu ieostt,i; ,, '" No. 49,832—" Fifty years' indescribable, ~ os ~,,i t ~i t . 00 nervousness, asthma, cough, consti9V°lwpor"ls,l',',o , , sickness, and vomiting.—Mari 9 , Job'. ban s l "s 0 0 . A MOM t nOl O ' h 0 l'f% Beware of the many unsavourY an- amore Oa- 111'00 to whiah, without authority, Baron Id" 10; „ d oe el ciously attached 1 , 51bS' e w r rfol In tins, at ls lid; 1 lb 2s 9d; 2lbs Is 6t, , m 0.6 120, fo 4 o o p 21 lbs 405.-Also Du BARRY'S REFACE 12 0 67 6 0 0 E 0 % 1 1 PowDER is packed in tin canisters: for , ~,s , fox: s t ioo, ( 1 at 3s Gd, for 48 cups at 6s, for 288 caps 9 '; o '' s od 'f'billaqo9; —being about ono penny per cup. The f l'osb" Don" free of carriage in England on receipt °f BARRY Du BARRY and Co., No. 77, ibeg' all Grocers and Chemists WATSON— ------------ Of ~ til e d i Captain W. H. Watson, ILA., of a sou. 4, lel' , YARDLEY — On the 28th inst., at fl ¢ t rai Yardley, On the 28th Bil-nßstl.,llaSt. Southse, i:ifi:a.. of a daughter. # tit 1 : A fiIERIAGES. 1 inS,:, 0 1; 1 B rEaCT:oh:ditY'orEycßho Lady Ere—tiloG(.llßfittll:iori;:vi:N Charlotte , : e iun_GE' s EN u T g l tovtl-1.:Irle/(111111:211:'llvq:f! o°ll;ll3,,,riti CHAPMAN—STEWART —0 a ibo 28th 3.1 P-1. D 's ,13: D Spence r, Aittyn— n youngest son of D. 13. ( 1 1 ' 1). "-; ft: ::: 'ill ''' °I ~ 1 .16 ilnon, Surrey to Ellinor Sydneh '0 D. Vice -Admiral tlic; Hon. IC4 - 4t h Stelae, • o f 10' 1 DEATOS. sj9 11' tt ,GrTeomNp_ltehoeann2d9lpheienkshtlnD, David lZ t in . gbarA.ri 4000,4011, EDG - the 29th inst., 8enj31310,12.... 0.011 Esq., of 2, Duke-street, London -bag °, no 4 4 0 11 nularl•P GASELEE—On the 29th inst., a t V Charles Gaselee , Esq., aged 61. c, lS ' A. 140 4; London: Printed and Pu blished by WILLIA'.. to, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TUE SUN Ofil 019 e,.!, :°itiaCtle°°' In the Proem' et of the Savoy, in the C 0 Tueeday,:AUgUld 0,18 n. I