The Sun. — London, England, 1858-09-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1858. Z ORD _73BOUGHAM IN LINCOLNSHIRE. GRANTHAM, TUESDAY. Lincolnshire enjoys the proud distinction of having given to the world the illustrious mathema tician and philosopher, Sir Isaac Newton, justly described as " the greatest genius of the human race,"—wfio was born at the manor house of IVoolsthorpe, a hamlet eight miles from this town, on Christmas-day, 1642. The principal front of the house has a western aspect, and, with the exception of the windows and door, is entirely covered with ivy. A tablet is in serted in the wall, over the door, with the following inscription, and surmounted by two shin bones saltier-wise :—" In this Manor-house Sir Isaac New ton, Knight, was born 25th December, A.D. 1642." On entering the building, rendered so famous, attention is directed to an antique method of fasten ing the door ; from out of the stone walls, which are very thick, a strong oaken bar slides backwards and forwards at will, and when placed across the door forms a secure fastening. Proceeding up a wide and flattish staircase, the chamber in which Sir Isaac was born is on the left, and is entered by an old oak panelled door. The room is capacious, with a window looking westward, on the right of which, over the fireplace, is a white marble tablet, fixed in its present position when the Manor-house was repaired in 1798. It contains the following : " Sir Isaac Newton (son of Isaac Newton, Lord of the Manor of IVoolsthorpe) was born in this room, December 25, 1642." "Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night, God said Let Newton be,' and all was light." ' —Pope. An old cupboard with carved panels and a sketch of the celebrated apple tree, with a piece of the tree itself, are objects of attraction in the room. On the window sill a book is laid for receiving the autographs of visitors. On the right of the stair case is a room supposed to have been the sleeping place of the celebrated man. In the south-east corner a space 9 feet by 6 feet 9 inches is partitioned off, and is shown as "Newton's Study." Two win dows, now blocked up, are included—one looking cast, the other south. It is understood that at the wish of the Lady Caroline Tumor the lights are to be replaced, as her ladyship rightly considers that there is somewhat of incongruity in Newton's study being destitute of light. At the south end of the house is a sun dial, said to have been fixed by the philosopher's own hands. Upon this relic time has worked its usual effect, and it is now useless except as a mark of interest to those who visit the house. The apple tree which suggested to the mind of Newton his system of gravitation no longer exists, but two grafts from the original stock are now growing luxuriantly, and are well laden with fruit. Sir Isaac was a posthumous child, his father having died at a comparatively early age, some three months before the birth of a son whose reputation will endure "to the last syllable of recorded time." Mrs. Newton re-mar rieFl; and the embryo philosopher seems to have re mained under the care of his maternal grandmother and'uncle until he attained the age of 12, when he was sent to the grammar-school at Grantham. While at school he displayed an extraordinary in clination for mechanics, and busied hims e lf, d ur i ng the time devoted by his schoolmates to play, in making models of various kinds, chiefly clocks- and sun-dials, one of the latter of which is still to be seen carved - upon the walls of the old manor-house at Woolsthorpe. He was entered, in 1661, at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was fortu nate enough to secure the friendship of the learned Dr.' Isaac Barrow, who had been elected Greek. Professor in 1660, and who became Lucasian Profes sor in 1663. In the autumn of 1667 Newton was elected a minor fellow ; on the 16th of March, 1668, he was elected a major fellow; and on the 29th of October, 1669, he was appointed Lucasian Profes sor, in the room of Dr. Barrow, who is said to have resigned with a view to his appointment, and from this period may be dated the development of those wonderful scientific discoveries which have given him worli-wide and time-enduring reputation. It is unnecessary to trace further the career of this great philosopher, over whose giant intellect a sad cloud subsequently passed, but who died at a green age, in his 85th year, but unmarr i e d, on th e 20th of-March, 1727. The relations of Sir Isaac, who inherited his personal estate, devoted the sum of £5OO to the erection of a monument to his memory in West minster Abbey, but in his case the proverb that a prophet is honoured everywhere save in his own Country and among his own people has until re cently been verified. Some three or four years ago, however, the inhabitants, or the Town Council, of Grantham, bethought themselves that some orna ment was required for a vacant space of ground which is styled St. Peter's-hill, though it seems to be little, if at all, above the dead level of the Lin colnshire fens. It was suggested—and the sug gestion was favourably received—that the most appropriate ornament would be a monument to the memory of a man whose early career was so closely identified with the town and neighbourhood, and whose researches had conferred an eternal benefit upon mankind. A committee was formed to carry outsthis object, and Mr. T. Winter, a member of the Town Council—to whose untiring zeal and energy its successful accomplishment is, we believe, mainly attributable —undertook to act as the honorary secretary . . Mr. Winter at once placed himself in communication with Lord Rosse, Lord Brougham, and other gentlemen of distinction in the literary and. scientific world, who evinced a warm interest in the success of the scheme. Under these auspices the project received the sanction of the Royal So - - cietn and the patronage of her Majesty and the Prince Consort, who aided the fund - by a subscrip tion of £lOO. A general meeting of the subscribers was held in 1854, at St. George's-hall, Liverpool, during the seance in that town of the British As sociation for the Advancement of Science, when it NV RS resolved that the memorial should be a bronze statue, and its execution was intrusted by the com mittee of selection to Mr. Wm. Theca, the result of whose labours is not only creditable to himself, but not unworthy of the great philosopher whose me mory it perpetuates. A detailed description of the statue appeared in The Sun of Thursday last. The likeness of Sir Isaac is copied from a mask of his face taken after death, and from the portrait bust by Roubilliac. It represents him in the costume of the period, and in the gown of a Master of Arts, in the act of lecturing. The figure is nearly 13 feet high, weighing upwards of two tons, and about half the quantity of the material of which it is composed was presented, in the shape of old gun metal, by her Majesty's Government. The statue was cast at the foundry of Messrs. Robinson and Cottam, of Pimlico, and as a specimen of casting, with sharp outline, does them high credit. The figure stands upon a pedestal of- Anglesey marble, designed by Mr. Theed, and cut by Mr. Rogers, of Park-hill. The height of the pedestal and figure is 27ft., and its cost is £1,630, of which £6OO was contributed by the inhabitants of Grantham and neighbourhood. From an early hour this morning visitors poured into the town to witness the inauguration of the statute. The interest which such a ceremony would have excited under ordinary circumstances was in creased by the announcement that the inaugural address would be delivered by Lord Brougham, whose devotion to philosophical investigations espe cially qualified him for such an important duty . . The noble and learned lord, who has just completed his 80th year, and upon whose physical vigour time has made comparatively slight inroads, while his mental energy„as will be evident to those who pe ruse- his address, remains unimpaired, arrived at Grantham early in the morning, and was received at the grammar school by the mayor (Mr. J. L. Ostler), the recorder (Mr. W. 11. Roberts), the Bi shop of Lincoln, M r . M. Mimes, M.P., Sir J. Trol lope, M.P., Mr. A. Wilson, M.P., the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge (Dr. Whewell), Prof. Owen, Mr. W. Fairbairn, Dr. Lee, Sir E. Cust, Sir j. Rennie, Sir. B. Brodie, Mr. C. Turner, Col. Fans, Major Moore, Sir J. Thorold, the members of the corporation, and other gentlemen. A procession was then formed, headed by the band of the South Lin colnshire Militia, which proceelled through Church terrace, Vine-street, and High-street, to St. Peter's hill, in the following order : Escort of Military. The Band of the Royal South Lincolnshire Militia. Town Flag. Crier. Town Fla Policemen. Chief Constable. Policemen. Mace Bearer. Mace Bearer. Mace Bearer. Ex-Mayor. The Mayor. The Recorder. Town-Clerk. The Vicar and Parochial Clergy of the Borough. The Aldermen and Borough Magistrates. The Town Council, three abreast. The Boys of the Grammar School, four abreast.: Head Schoolboy, carrying the Principle. Second Boy, carrying the Reflecting Telescope invented by Newton. Third Boy, carrying N ewton's Prism. The Masters of the Grammar School. The Lord Bishop of the Diocese. Dr. Whewell, The Right Hon. Professor Owen. Master of Trinity. Lord Brougham. The Committee of Selection. Major-General the Hon. Sir E. Cast, K.C.H. Sir G. Welby, Bart. The Founders, Messrs. Robinson and Co. The Secretaries. The Members of the Committee, three abreast. Gentlemen attending by invitation, three abreast. • The Sculptor. W. Theed, Esq. The privileged visitors occupied seats nun platforms erected on the open space surrounding the statue. Lord Brougham—for whom a chair, for merly belonging to Sir I. Newton, was placed upon a dais in front of the statue—was greeted with loud and reiterated applause. At a signal from Mr. Win ter the veil which concealed the statue from public view was W4 110 5)1' 11 2 Waisl general cheering, tincithe band played the National Anthem, all the com pany standing. Lord BROUGHAM then delivered the following address, which was listened to with marked atten tion, and was frequently applauded :—To recordthe names and preserve the memory of those whose great achievements in science, in arts, or in arms have conferred benefits and lustre upon our kind, has in all ages been regarded as a duty and felt as a gra tification by wise and reflecting men. The desire o f inspiring an ambition to emulate such examples generally mingles itself with these sentiments; but they cease not to operate even in the rare instances of transcendant merit, where matchless genius ex cludes all possibility of imitation, and nothing re mains but wonder in those who contemplate, its triumphs at a distance that forbids all attempts to approach. We are this day assembled to commemo rate him of whom the consent of nations has de clared that he is chargeable with nothing like a fol lower's exaggeration or local partiality, who pro nounces the name of Newton as that of the greatest genius ever bestowed by the bounty of Providence for instructing mankind on the frame of the uni verse, and the laws by which it is governed : " Qui genus humanum ingenio superavit, et manes " Restmait ; stellas exortus uti oetherius sol."—Luc. " In genius who surpassed mankind as far " As does the mid-day sun the midnight star."—Dryden. But, though scaling these lofty heights be hopeless, yet is there some use and much gratification in contemplating by what steps he ascended. Tracing his course of action may help others to gain the lower eminences lying within their reach, while ad miration excited and curiosity satisfied are frames of mind both wholesome andpleasing. Nothing new, it is true, can be given in narrative, hardly any thing in reflection, less still perhaps in comment or illustration ; but it is well to assemble in one view various parts of the vast subject, with the surround ing circumstances, whether accidental or intrinsic, and to mark in passing the misconceptions raised by individual ignorance or national prejudice which the historian of science occasionally finds crossing his path. The remark is common and is obvious, that the genius of Newton did not manifest itself at a very early age. His faculties were not, like those of some great and many ordinary individuals, precociously developed. Among the former, Clairant stands pre-eminent, who at 19 years of age pre sented to the Royal Academy a memoir of great originality upon a difficult subject in the higher . geometry, and at 18 published his great work on curves of double curvature, composed during the two preceding years. Pascal, too, at 16, wrote an excellent treatise on conic sections. That Newton cannot be ranked in this respect with those extra ordinary persons is owing to the accidents which prevented him from entering %on mathematical study before his 18th Tear ; and then a much greater marvel was wrought than even the Clairants and the Pascals displayed. His'earliest history is involved in some obscurity, and the most celebrated of men has, in this particular, been compared to the most celebrated of rivers (the Nile), as if the course of both in its feebler state had been concealed from mortal eyes. We have it, however, well ascer tained that within four years, between the age of 18 and 22, he had begun to study mathematical science, and had taken his place amongst its greatest masters ; learnt for the first time the ele ments of geometry anlanalysis, and discoyered a calculus which entirely changed the face of the science, effecting a complete revolution in that and in every branch of philosophy connected with it. Before 1661 he had not read Euclid ; in 1665 he had committed to writing, the method of fluxions. At 25 years of acre he had discovered the law of gravitation, and laid the foundation of celestial dynamics, the science created by him. Before 10 years had elapsed he added to his discoveries that of the fundamental properties of light. So brilliant a course of discovery in so short a time, changing and reconstructing analytical, astronomical, and optical science, almost defies belief. The statement could only be deemed possible by an appeal to the incontestable evidence that proves it strictly true. By a rare felicity these doctrines gained the uni versal assent of manind as soon as they were clearly underhteod ;' and their originality has never been seriously called in question. Some doubts having been raised respecting his inventing the calculus—doubts raised in consequence of his so long withholding the publication of his method — no sooner was the inquiry instituted than the evi dence produced proved so decisive that all men in all countries acknowledged him to have been by several years the earliest inventor, and Leibnitz, at the utmost, the first publisher, the only questions raised being, first, whether or not he had borrowed. from-Newton; and next, whether, as second inven tor, he could have any merit at all—both which questions have long since been decided in favour of Leibnitz. But undeniable though it be that New ton made the great steps of this progress, and made them without any anticipation or participation by ()tilers, it i equally certain that there had been ap proaches in former times by preceding philosophers to the same discoveries. Cavalleri, b;his Geometry of Indivisibles (1635), Roberval, by his Method of Tangents (1637), had both 'given solutions which Descartes could not attempt; and it is remarkable that Cavalleri regarded curves as polygons,-surfaces as composed of lines, while Roberval viewed geo metrical quantities as generated by motion; so that the one approached to the differential calculus, the other to fluxions; and Fermat, in the interval be t-reen them, comes still nearer the great discovery by his determination if maxima and minima, and his drawing of tangents. More recently Haddon had made public several methods invented by Schoe t in ; and what is material, treating the subject alge braically, while those just mentioned had rather dealt with it geometrically. It is thus easy to per ceive how near an approach had been made to the cal culus before the great eventof itsfin al discovery. There had in like manner been approaches made to the law of gravitation, and the dynamical system of the universe. Galileo's important propositions on mo tion, especially on curvilinear motion, and Kepler's laws upon the elliptical form of the planetary orbits, the proportion of the areas to the times, and the periodic times to the mean distances; and Huygens's theorems on centrifugal forces, had been followed by still nearer approaches to the doctrine of attrac 2 tion. Borelli had distinctly ascribed the motion of satellites to their being drawn towards the principal planets, and thus prevented from flying off by the centrifugal force. Even the composition of white light, and the different action of bodies upon its component parts, had been vaguely conjectured by Ant. de Dominis, Archbishop of Spalatro, at the beginning, and more precisely in the middle of the 17th century by Marcus (Kronland, of Prague) un known to Newton, who only refers to the Arch bishop's work ; while the treatise of Huygens on light, Grimaldi's observatio ns on co l ours b y i n flexion, as well as on the' elongation of the image in the prismatic spectrum, had been brought to his atten tion, although much less near to his own great dis covery than Marcus's experiment. But all this only shows that the discoveries of Newton, g rea t and rapid as wero the steps by which they ad vanced our knowledge, yet obeyed the law of con tinuity, or rather of gradual progress, which go verns all human approaches towards perfection. ' The limited nature of man's faculties precludes the possibility of his ever reaching at once the utmost excellence of which they are capable. Survey the whole circle of the sciences, and trace the history of our progress in each, you find this to be the uni versal rule. In chemical philosophy the dreams of the alchemists prepared the way for the more ra tional, though erroneous, theory. of Stahl ; and it was by repeated improvements that his errors, so long prevalent, were at length exploded, giving place to the sound doctrine which is now estab lished. The great discoveries of Black and Priestley on heat and aeriform fluids, had been preceded by the happy conjectures of Newton, and the experi ments of others. Nay, Voltaire had well nigh dis covered both the absorption of heat, the constitution of the atmosphere, and the oxydation of metals ; and by a few more trials might have ascertained it. envier had been preceded by inquirers who took sound views of fossil osteology, among whom the truly original genius of Hunter fills the foremost place. The inductive system of Bacon had been, at least in its practice, known to his predecessors. Obser vations and even experiments were not unknown to the ancient philosopher s , th oug h m i ng l e d w ith ' gross errors ; in early times, almost in the dark ages, experimental inquiries had been carried on with success by Friar Bacon, and that method actually recommended in a treatise, as it was two centuries later by Leonardo da Vinci, and at the latter end of the next century Gilbert examined the whole subject of magnetic action entirely by expe riments. o that Lord Bacon's claim to be regarded as the father of modern philosophy rests upon the important, the invaluable step of reducing to a system the method of investigation adopted by those eminent men, generalism . 0. it and extendin g its appli ca ti on t o a ll matters ofb contingent truth, explodin g th e errrors, the absurd dogma s, and fan tastic subtl e ti es o f t h e ancient schools, above all, confining the subject of our inquiry, and the n l N I . h a n i e n h e r o n f . fconductingp r e i s t e , rib m e. ithin Nor the is limits great law of gradual progress confined to the physical sciences ; in the moral it equally governs. Before the foundations of political economy were laid by Hume and Smith a great step had been made by the French philosophers, disciples of Quesnai ; but a nearer approach to sound princi ples had signalized- the labours of Gournay, and those labours had been shared and his doctrines patronized by TurgotN Vh s e o ll e C i l 2, l 3 i r e .s f v l a i t n s i s l t o e w r . d e A g g r a e i n e s m cons titutional pol icy, nts, s e , o m t h st e , aatntedntdhaen summonsce of feu dal from m t tenant itss a n fi t i s . s t a tr ro t h d heir i r e l l e o ni rd e of burghers to grant supplies o A 2 9 ll e3'i the great discovery of modern times in the science of practi cal politics has been effected. the representative scheme which enables States of any extent to enjoy popular government and allows mixed monarchy to be established, combining freedom with order, a plan pronounced by statesmen andwriters of antiquity to be of hardly possible formation, and wholly impos sible continuance. The globe itself, as well as the science of its inhabitants, has been explored accord. ing to the law which forbids a sudden and rapid leaping forward, and decrees that each successive step, prepared by the last, shall facilitate the next. Even Columbus followed several successful disco verers on a smaller scale, and is by some believed to have had, unknown to him, a predecessor in the great exploit by which he pierced the night of ages, and unfolded a new world to the eyes of the old. The arts afford no exception to the general law. Demosthenes had eminent forerunneis, Pericles the last of them. Homer must have had predecessors of great merit, though doubtless as far surpassed by him as Fra Bartolomeo and Pietro Perugino were by Michael Angelo and Raphael. Dante owed much to Virgil ; he may be allowed to have owed, through his Latin Mentor, not a little to the old Grecian ; and Milton had both the orators and the poets of the ancient world for his predecessors and his masters. The art of war itself is no exception to the The plan of bringing an overpowering force to bear on a given point had been tried occa sionally before Frederick 11. reduced it to a system; and the Wellingtons and Napoleons of our own day made it the foundation of their strategy, as it had also been previously the mainspring of our naval tactics. It has oftentimes been held that the invention of logarithms stands alone in the history of science, as having been preceded by no step lead ing towards the discovery. There is, however, great inaccuracy in this statement, for not only was the doctrine of infinitesimals familiar to its illustrious author, and the relation of geometrical to arithmeti cal series well known, but he had himself struck out several methods of great ingenuity and utility (as that known by the name of Napier 's Bones) —me thods that. are now forgotten, eclipsed as they were by the consummation which has immortalised his name. So the inventive powers of Watt, preceded as he was by Worcester and Newcomen, but far more materially by Causs and Papin, had been exercised on some admirable contrivances, now forgotten, before he made the step which created the steam-engine anew—not only the parallel motion, possibly a corollary to the proposition on circular motion in the Principia, but the separate condensation, and above all, the governor, perhaps the most exquisite of mechanical inventions ; and now we have those here present who apply the like principle to the diffusion of knowledge, aware, as they must be, that its expansion has the same happy effect naturally of preventing mischief from its excess which the skill of the great mechanist gave artificially to steam, thus rendering his engine as safe as it is powerful. The grand differe.nce, then, between one discovery or invention I.lld. another is in degree rather than in kind ; the degree in which a person, while he outstrips those whom he comes after, also lives, as it were, before his age. Nor can any doubt exist that, in -this respect, Neleston stands at the head of all who have extended the bounds of knowledge. The sciences of dynamicand of optics are especially to be regarded in this point of view ; but the for mer in particular ' • and the completeness of the sys tem which he unfolded, its hating been at the first elaborated and given in perfection, its having, 'however new, stood the test of time, and sur vived, nay gained by, the most rigorous scrutiny, can be predicated of this system alone, at least in the same degree. That the calculus, and those parts of dynamics which are purely mathematical, should thus endure for ever is a matter of course. But his system of the universe rests partly upon contingent truths, and might have yielded to new experiments and more extended observation. Nay, at times it has been thought to fail, and further in vestigation was deemed requisite to ascertain if any ' error had been introduced—if any circumstance had escaped the notice of the great founder. The most memorable instance of this kind is the discrepancy supposed to have been found between the theory and the fact in the motion of the lunar apsides, which about the middle of the last century occupied the three first analysts of the age. The error was discovered by themselves to have been their own in the process of their investigation ; and this, like all the other doubts that were ever momentarily entertained, only led in each instance to new and more brilliant triumphs of the system. The pro digious superiority in this cardinal point of the Newtonian to other discoveries appears manifest upon examining almost any of the chapters in the history of science. Successive improvements have, by extending our views, constantly displaced the system that appeared firmly established. To take a fami liar instance, how little remains of Lavoisier's doc trine of combustion and acidification, except the negative positions, the subversion of the system of Stahl. The substance having most eminently the properties of an acid (chlorine) is found to have no oxygen at all, while many substances abounding in oxygen, including alkalis themselves, have no acid property whatever, and without the access of oxy gen or any other gas, heat and flame are, produced in excess. The doctrines of free trade had not been long promulgated by Smith before Bentham de monstrated that his exception of usury was ground less; and his theory has been repeatedly proved er roneous on colonial establishments, as well as his exception to it on the navigation laws ; and the imperfection of his views on the nature of rent is undeniable, as well as on the principle of popula tion. In these and such instances as these it would not be easy to find in the original doctrines the means of correcting subsequent errors, or the germs of extended discovery. But even if philosophers finally adopt the undulatory theory of light instead of the atomic, it must be borne in mind that Newton gave the first elements of it by the well known proposition in the Bth section of the Second Book of the " Principia," the scholium to that section also indicating his expectation that it would be applied to optical science'; while M. Biot has shown how the doctrine , of fits of reflection and transmission tallies with polarization, if not with uo of Z l a v t t in o o n,s a l d os. sc o B T e u r t i e t s h e i s m t h o s a t t in a r w v h e c l o h u t s h attribute out prominent among all the other feats of scientific research, stamped with the peculiarity of his intel lectual character ; they were, their great author lived before his age, anticipating in part what was long after wholly accomplished, and thus unfolding some things which at the time could be but imperfectly, others not at all comprehended, and not rarely pointing out the path and affording the means of treating it, to the ascertainment of truths then veiled in darkness. He not only en larged the actual dominion of knowledge, penetrat ing to regions never before explored, and taking with a firm hand undisputed possession ; but he showed how the bounds of the visible horizon might be yet further extended, and enabled his successors to occupy what he could only descry ; as the illus trious discoverer of the new world made the inha bitants of the old cast their eyes over lands and seas far distant from those he had traversed ; lands and seas of which they could form to themselves no conception, any more than they had been able to comprehend the course by which he led them on his grand enterprise. In this achievement, and in the qualities which alone made it possible, inexhaus tible fertility of resources, patience unsubdued, close meditation that would suffer no distraction, steady determination to pursue -paths that seemed all but hopeless, and unflinching courage to declare the truths they led to, how far soever removed from ordinary apprehension—in these characteristics of high original genius we may be permitted to com pare the career of those . great men. But Columbus did not invent the mariner's compass as Newton did the instrument which guided his course and enabled him to make his discoveries, and his suc cessors to extend them by closely following his di rections in using it. Nor did the compass suffice to the great navigator without making any observa tions, though he dared to steer without a chart ; while it is certain that by the philosopher's instru ment his discoveries were extended over the whole system of the universe, determining the masses, the forms, and the motions of all parts by the mere in spection of abstract calculations and formulas analy tically deduced. The two great improvements in this instrument which have been made—the cal culus of variations by Euler and Lagrange, the method of partial differences by D'Alembert—we have every reason to believe were known at least in part to Newton himself. His having solved an isoperimetrical problem (finding the line whose revolution forms the solid of least resistance) shows clearly that he must have made the co-ordinates of the generating curve vary, and his construction agrees exactly with the equation given by that calculus. That he must have tried the process of integrating by parts in attempting to generalize the inverse problem of central forces before lie had recourse to the geometrical approximation which he has g . iven, and also when he sought the means of ascertaining the cornet's path, which he has termed by far the most difficult of problems, is eminently probable, when we consider how naturally- that method flows from the ordinary process for differentiating com pound quantities, by supposing each variable in succession constant : in short, differentiating by parts. .As to the calculus of variations having sub stantially been known to him to doubt can be en tertained. Again, in estimating the ellipticity of t p(r h arn e oaybvi e l a eit na rth, he proceeded upon the assumption of a proposition of which he gave no d em onstration h m o t thanjah athat determinest the ratio had at o tohfe ellipticity. donet the oeftli centrifugal e H i sop er i a m fi of e r a t e r ce i e c nt a o g. l tury lat er th a t w hi c h no one before knew to be true; Titigh many probably eoneidered to be erro neous, was examined by one of his most distin guished followers, Maclaurin, and demonstrated most satisfactorily to be true. Newton had not failed to perceive the necessary effects of gravitation in producing other phenomena beside the regular motion of the planets and their satellites in their course round. their several centres of attraction. One of these phenomena, wholly unsuspected be fore the discovery of the general law, is the alter nate movement to and fro of the earth's axis, in consequence of the solar (and also of the lunar) at traction combined with the earth's motion. This libration, or nutation, distinctly announced by him as the result of the theory, was not found by actual observation to exist till 60 years and upwards had elapsed, when Bradly proved the fact. The discove ries which have been made by La Grange and La Place upon the results of disturbing forces have established the law of periodical variation of orbits, which secures the stability of the system by pre scribing a maximum and aminimum amount of de viation; and this is not a contingent, but a neces sary truth, by rigorous demonstration, the inevitable result of undoubted data in point of fact, eccentri cities of the orbits, the directions of the motions; and the movement in one plane of a certain position. That wonderful proposition of Newton, which, with , may be said to give the whole doc trinebing forces, has been little more than its corollaries, or oofil disturbing applied and extended by the labours of succeeding geometricians. Indeed, La Place, struck with wonder at one of his comprehensive general state ments on disturbing forces in another proposition, has not hesitated to assert that it contains the germ of La Grange's celebrated inquiry exactly a century after the 1 3 7.incipia was given to the world. The wonderful powers of generalization, combined with the boldness of never shrinking from a conclusion that seemed the legitimate result of his investiga tions,—how new and even startling soever it might appear,—was strikingly shown in that memorable inference which lie drew from optical phenomena, that the diamond is " an unctuous substance coagu lated ;" subsequent discoveries having proved both that such substances are carbonaceous and that the diamond is a crystallized carbon ; and the founda tions of mechanical chymistry was laid by him with the boldest induction and most felicitous anti cipations of what has since been effected. The solution of the inverse problem of disturbing forces has led Le Verrier and Adams to the discovery of a new planet, merely by deductions from the manner in which the motion: of an old one are affected, and its orbit has been so calculated that observers could find it—nay, its disc as measured by them only varies 1-1,200 of a degree from the amount given by the theory. Moreover, when New ton gave his estimate of the earth's density, lie wrote a century before Maskelyne, and by measur ing the force of gravitati on i n th e cotch mountains, gave the proportion to water as 4,716 to 1; and.many years after, by-experiments with mechanical appara tus, Cavendish. (1798) correctedthis to 5,48, and Baily more recently (1842), to 5,66, Newton having given the proportion as between five and six times. In these instances he only showed the way and anticipated the result of future inquiry by his fol lowers. But the oblate figure of the earth affords an example of the same kind, with this difference, that here he has himself perfected the discovery and nearly completed the demonstration. From the mutual gravitation of the particles which form its mass, combined with their motion round its axis, he deduced the proposition that it must be flat tened at the poles ; and he calculated the propor tion of its polar to its equatorial diameter. By a most refined process he gave this proportion upon the supposition of the mass being homogeneous. That the proportion is different in consequence of the mass being heterogenous does not in the least affect the soundness of his conclusion. Accurate measurement of a degree of latitude in the equa torial and polar regions, with experiments on the force of gravitation in those regions, by the dif ferent lengths of a pendulum vibrating seconds, have shown that the excess of the equatorial dia meter is about 11 miles less than he had deduced it from the theory ; and thus that the globe is not homogeneous. But on the assumption of a fluid mass, the ground of his hydrostatical investigation, his proportion of 229 to 230 remains unshaken, and is precisely the one adopted and reasoned from by Laplace, after all the improvements and all the dis coveries of later times. Surely at this we may well stand amazed, if not awe-struck. A century of study, of improvement, of discovery has passed away, and we find Laplace master of all the new resources of the calculus, and occuping the heights to which the labours of Euler, Clairant, D'Alem bert, and Lagrange have enabled us to ascond, adopting the Newtonian fraction of 1-230 as the accurate solution of this speculative problem. New admeasurements have been undertaken upon a vast scale, patronised by the munificence of rival Governments—new experiments have been per. formed with approved apparatus of exquisite deli caty—new observations have been accumulated, with glasses far exceeding any powers poss2ssed by the resources of optics in the days of him to whom the science of optics, as well as dynamics, owes its origin ; the theory and the fact have thus been compared and reconciled together in more per fect harmony ; but that theory has remained unim proved, and the great principles of gravitation, with its most sublime results, now stands in the attitude, and of the dimensions, and with the symmetry which both the law and its application received at once from the mighty hand of its immortal author. Newton'sdiscoveries raises wonder at his matchless genius. oßtuhtetre feelings contemplation m a a n t io n of The light with which it shines is not more dazzling than useful. The difficulties of his course and has expedients, alike copious and refined for surmount ing them, exercise the faculties of the wise while commanding their admiration. But the results of his investigations, often abstruse, are truths so grand and comprehensive, yet so plain, that they both captivate and instruct the simple. The grati tude, too, which they inspi r e, an d th e venera ti on with which ;they encircle his name, far from tend ing to obstruct future improvement, only proclaim his disciples the zealous because rational followers of one whose example both encouraged and enabled 'h•ViOeessors to make further progress. How un like the; blind devotion to a master which for so many ages of the modern world paralysed the energies of the human mind " Had we still paid that homage to a name, Which only God and nature ju s tl y c l a i m, The western seas had been our utmost bound, And poets still might dream tho sun w as drown'd, And all the stars that shine in southern skies Had been admired by none but savage eyes." Nor let it be imagined that the feelin gs o f won d er excit▪ ed by contemplating the achievements of this great man are in any degree whatever the result of national partiality, and confined to the country which glories in having given him birth. The la nguage which expresses her veneration is equalled, perhaps exceeded, by that in which other nations give ut terance to theirs ; not merely by the general voice, but by the w e ll-consid ere d and we ll-i n f orme d judgment of the masters of science. Liebnitz, when asked at the royal table in Berlin his opinion of Newton, said that, " taking mathematician s f ro m the beginning of the world to th e ti me w h en New ton lived, what he had done was much the better half." " The Principia will ever remain a monu ment of the profound genius which revealed to us the greatest law of the universe," are the words of Laplace. " That work stands pre-eminent above all the other productions of the human mind." " The discovery of that simple and general law by the greatness and the variety of the objects which it embraces confers honour upon the intellect of man." Lagrange, we are told by D'Alembert, was wont to describe Newton as the greatest genius that ever existed, but to add how fortunate he was also, " because there can only once be found a sys tem of the universe to establish!" "Never," says the father of the I ns tit u t e o f France—one filling a high place amon g :—" the most eminent of its me mbers Never," say l M . Bi o t, " was the supremacy of intellect so justly es t a bli s h e d an d so fully confessed. In mathematical an d i n exper i me ntal science with out an equal an d w i thout an exam ple, combi▪ ning the genius for both i n it s highest degree." The Prtn• ctina he terms the greatest work ever pro- Halley, " that pro duced by the mind of man, adding, in the wor . ds . of nature has not been permitted to mortals !" " In first . giving to the world Newton's method of fluxions," says Fontenelle, "Liebnitz did like Pro metheus—he. stole a nearer approach to the ,Divine fire from Heaven to . bestow it upon men!" "Does Newton," L'Hopital asked, " sleep and wa k e lik e ot h er men ? I figure hi▪ m to myself as a celestial genius, entirely disengaged from matter." To so renowned a benefactor of the world, thus exa l te d to t h e loftiest place by the common consent of men — o ne whose life, without the intermissi on o f an h our , was passed in the search after t ru th s t h e mos t important, and at whose hands th e h uman ra ce had only received good, never evil----no memorial has been raised by those nations which created statues to the tyrants and conquerors, th e scourg es of mankind, whose lives were passed, not i n th e pursuit of truth, but the practice of f a l se h oo d ; or across whose lips, if truth ever chanced to stray towards some selfish end, it surely failed to obtain belief ; who, to slake their insane thi rs t o f pow er or of pre-eminence, trampled on the rights and squandered the blood of their fellow -creatures ; whose course, like the lightning, blasted while it dazzled; and who, reversing the Roman Emperor's noble regret, deemed the.day lost that saw the sun go down upon their forbearance._ no victim deceived, or betrayed, or oppressed. That th e w orshippers of such pesti lent genius should consecrate to the memory of the most illustrious of men no outward symbol of the .admiration they freely confessed, is not matter of wonder, But that his own countrymen, justly proud of having lived in his time, should have left this duty to their successors, after a century and a half of professed veneration and lip homage, may well be deemed strange. The inscription upon the cathedral, masterpiece of his celebrated friend's architecture, may possibly be applied in defence of this neglect. "If you seek for a monument look around." " If you seek for a monument lift up your eyes to the heavens which show forth his fame." Nor when we recollect the Greek orator's exclama tion—" The whole earth is the monument of illus trious men," can we stop short of declaring that the whole universe is Newton's. Yet in raising the statue which preserves his likeness, near the place of his birth, on the spot where his prodigious facul ties were unfolded and trained, we at once gratify our honest pride as citizens of the same state, and humbly testify our grateful sense of the Divine goodness which deigned to bestow upon our race one so marvellously gifted to comprehend the works of Infinite Wisdom, and so piously resolved to make all his study of them the source of religious con templations, both philosophical and sublime. At the conclusion of the noble and learned Lord's address he was presented by the Mayor with a copy of Newton's " Principia," and the invited visitors then proceeded to the Exchange-rooms, where a substantial dejeuner had been provided. The Mayor presided, and was supported by Lord Brougham, the Bishop of Lincoln, and the gentlemen who have been mentioned as present at the inauguration of the statue. At the conclusion of the repast, the usual loyal toasts having been honoured, The Bishop of LINCOLN, in acknowledging the toast of " The Bishop and Clergy of the Diocese," expressed his satisfaction at having been enabled 4o join in doing honour to the memory of a philo sopher to whose researches and to whose example the cause of truth was so much indebted. " The immortal memory of Newton," was given by the Mayor, and was drunk in silence. The MAYOR then proposed " The health of Lord Brougham," eulogising the noble and learned lord's exertions for the abolition of slavery, the extension of education, and the reformation of the law. Lord BROUGHAM, in returning thanks, expressed his gratification at the gathering . they had wit nessed that day, people having assembled from all parts of the country, without any inducement of interest, or any factious or sectarian feeling, simply to testify their honest and heartfelt pride that the country which gave them birth had produced the greatest genius which had ever existed—a man whose talents had never been exercised but for the extension of truth, for the instruction of mankind, and with a view to illustrate the wisdom and power of the Creator. (Cheers.) The noble and learned lord gave " The Committee of Selection," the toast being acknowledged by Sir E. CusT, who expressed his opinion that a system of competition, similar to that which has been acted upon in the present instance, would conduce to the improvement of art and to the in terests of artists. After warmly eulogising the work of Mr. Theed, he proposed the health of that gentleman, who briefly resumed thanks. Several other toasts were given, and among them " The Master of Trinity College," proposed by Sir J. TROLLOPE, which was acknowledged by Dr. IVHEwELL, in returning thanks, said he certainly did not think it strange that a represen tative of Cambridge University and of Trinity Col lege should be present on an occasion when the memory of Newton was to be honoured. (Hear.) The University of Cambridge had always shown zeal in the fame of Newton. It was natural that in the town near which Newton was born, and where his schoolboy days had been spent, there should be a desire to erect a monument to so great a name. (Hear, hear.) But they had already erected a noble statue to his fame in Cambridge, which was not unworthy of the beautiful work of art which had that day been raised in Grantham. (Hear.) Newton's fame was appropriated in a particular manner by the University of Cambridge and by Trinity College. (A laugh.) Few of them were perhaps aware of the intimate connection which existed between a Fellow and his College. The Fellows of the same college might be said to be connected by the same intellectual blood, by running the same round of daily occupation, by studying at the same desk, and -meditating in the same walks and cloisters. They had in Cambridge the books, the instruments, the manuscripts, and some of the silvered hair of Newton, and therefore they were continually reminded of him. His pre decessor, Dr. Barrow, resigned to him his profes sorship. Bentley, one of the greatest geniuses of the time, delivered from the " Principia" his arguments to show the government of Providence in the uni verse. Cambridge University sent Newton to Par liament, and in that University he spent 40 years of his life. His discoveries were received with eager ness and accepted with gratitude. He was not aware that there were any , martyrs of science amongst the discoverers in science in this country. The case of Harvey was spoken of, but it was not a case in point, for Harvey was honoured by the College of Physicians, and the worst that happened to him was that his collections were destroyed by the parliamentary army. He was glad to see so strong a sympathy for science as was manifested by so large an assembly on that occasion. (Hear, hear.) He begged to thank them most cordially for the honour which had been done to him, as the representative of the University of Cambridge on that occasion. In the course of the evening a few other toasts were drunk, after which the assembly broke up. There were fireworks, and some few houses illu minated in the night, which was kept altogether as a gay and festive occasion by the inhabitants of Grantham. MR. NEWDEGATE, 111. P., ON POLITICAL PROGRESS. COVENTRY, SEPT. 20. The annual meeting of the Licensed Victuallers' Association of this city was held this evening in St. Wary's-hall, when Mr. Newdegate, M.P., presided, including several a numerous and respectable company, several of the Town-council, the President and Vice- President of the Association, and most of the influ ential members sat down to an excellent dinner. In addition to the members of the Coventry Asso ciation, deputations from the Licensed Victuallers' Associations of Birmingham and Lichfield attended the meeting. The CHAIRMAN, in proposing the health of the Queen, observed that he had heard it said, and had seen it reported, that elsewhere some other toast had taken precedence of that of the Queen. He hoped that, knowing as they did that her Majesty was the first Sovereign in the world and the first lady in the land, they would never, as far as they could influ ence any one, permit any toast to be proposed at their festive meetings before that of the Queen, and that if their guests persisted in doing so they would charge them double and give them nothing but salt fish for dinner. (Laughter and cheers.) The other loyal and patriotic toasts having been given, Mr. WILMOT gave " The Health of the Members for the county of Warwick," observing that no one could have conducted themselves in a more consis tent or exemplary manner than had done both their hon. chairman and his colleague, Mr. Spooner. They had faithfully discharged their duties, and he believed that in every vote they had given they had been actuated by the purest and most honour. able motives. (Cheers.) Mr. NEWDEGATE, M.P., in returning thanks, said—Gentlemen, I thank you for the honour you have done me as one of your members, and I will take the liberty of saying here that I do not believe fhere are any two members representing any con stituency who' are more entirely devoted to ful• filling their duties than ourselves. (Cheers.) For myself, I have ever sought, and ever shall seek, to be the honest representative of your opinions. (Cheers.) I have never felt afraid to tell you the course which my own feelings prompt me to pursue, and how I hope to serve you, and how I deem it would be my duty as your representative to conduct myself in the House of Commons, and I trust I have not disappointed you. If you change, well and good, change me ; but if you are content with the honest services of two men closely iden tified with you by local interests, and, I trust, by political opinion —if you are content with two men who have shown how much they appreciate the honour of representing you, how willing they are to do their duty, then I can tell you.' have repre sented you for 14 years, during which many changes have taken place ; and as during that long period I have been actuated by the principles which I ori ginally entertained, so I shall continue to maintain those principles, knowing, as I do, that I am sin cere in upholding them. I believe it is only by a firm adherence to those principles upon which the constitution of England is founded that you can pre serve intact the inestimable blessings of freedom which it is your privilege to possess. (Cheers.) Be assured that if we wish the country to continue in a course of progress --and I say " progress" advis edly—such a wish will be accomplished by re maining within the limits of those principles the practice of which has raised this country to its pre sent state of proud pre-eminence. When others tell you that a Conservative has no right to speak of progress, pay no attention to them. For myself, I wish for progress. I desire to see all classes of the community advance : but I desire to see them advance within the limits of principles which constitute safety ; and if there is any difference of opinion be tween myself and others upon this question of pro gress it amounts to this, that I would prefer to see the engine of the State driven carefully and safely down ale rails, while I at the same time entertain 4 Strong doubt whether the Liberals, as they are termed, would not either shunt us into a dangerous siding or land us at the wrong platform. (Laughter.) It is with an experience of fourteen years that I speak, during the whole of which time I have had the honour of representing, in conjunction with my hon. colleague, the Northern Division of War wickshire. I shall still endeavour to serve you, while at the same time -I maintain those principles which have so long actuated me in my public conduct. If you are not changed lam not, although I am prepared to make due allowance for the changes which have taken place in public opinion of late years. As one of your representatives in Parliament for North Warwickshire, I return you my most hearty thanks for the honour you have done me upon the present occasion. (Cheers.) Mr. TAUNTON then' proposed the " Health of the Members for the City," one of whom (Mr. Ellice) had represented them for 40 years, and during that long period, however violent might be party strug gles and party heats, he had always devoted himself most honourably to the service of the city of Coventry —while of Sir Joseph Paxton it might be said, that he had conferred great national advantages upon England both in organising what would become a most important constituent part of our army, and by his practical talent in forwarding the great work of civilization and promoting the social com forts of all in the land, whether they might be rich or poor, gentle or simple. (Cheers.) The CHAIRMAN having'in the absence of the two hon. members, said a few words in reply to the toast, proposed " The Mayor and Magistrates of the City of Coventry." He said that he was one of those who had ever been opposed to the spirit of centralisation, which was at one time so strenuously advocated. A long experience had proved to him the great advantages of the local form of municipal government as opposed to centralisation. Freedom was a plant which, to exist, must be cherished ; it was not a matter of accident, and it came not to every country by chance ; but every country must persevere in those means of independence which were represented in this toast. If, however, they did not maintain the system of local self-government, he was afraid that their national representative system would be of very little use, the administration of justice would not be pure, and they would not have the inestimable blessing of being their own governors in those matters which concerned most intimately their own hearths and homes ; for upon self-government depended that social freedom which was dearer to them and more useful than : any of the more specious kind of liberty granted in the mere possession of representative institutions. They. had seen those institutions per verted aforetime ; then let them never give up their old Saxon constitution ; let them keep their power at home, close within their hands ; let it be con scientiously exercised, and England would still be free among the nations of the world, an example of order, happiness, security, and true liberty, which constituted the proper organisation for the good government of a great, wise, and an enlightened community. (Cheers.) -- Mr. J. N. CLARKE, in proposing the health of Mr. Newdegate, said that, irrespective of his poli tical services, he had always shown himself a good neighbour and faithful friend in all social relations of life. The CHAIRMAN briefly returned thanks, and afterwards proposed " Sufeess to the Association," which was drunk with cheers ; and several toasts having been given of a local character, the meet ing separated. CRIMINAL COURT.—Sept. 21. NEW COURT. (Before the Common Sergeant.) Thomas Ferryman, 42, labourer, and Hannah Ferryman, 36, his wife, were indicted for coining. Mr. Ellis, Mr. Bodkin, and Mr. Clark prosecuted. It appeared from the evidence of Brennan, the detective officer, that information took him and some other constables to 2, Crown-place, Crown street, Soho, and having gone up to a room upon the second floor they broke it open, and found the prisoners in bed. Upon searching an inner room they found a galvanic battery, a quantity of plaster of Paris, white metal, and files, which bore evident of having been used to finish bad coin, and other implements used by coiners ; and upon the mantel piece, hidden in some broken images, six counterfeit sixpences and six counterfeit fourpenny pieces, each separately wrapped up in paper, and also a half crown of Birmingham make, struck in brass. When Brennan found the things the male prisoner said, " You have got enough to give me a stretch, but the woman knows nothing about it." The jury returned a verdict of not guilty against the female prisoner. In answer to the Court, Brennan, the officer, stated that he had known the prisoner 15 or 10 years, and during that time had received five informations respecting him as being a maker and dealer in base coin, but never until the present time could find anything to con vict him. He frequently saw him come out of a pub lic-house in Crown-street, and pass something into the possession of those known to the police as the uttcrcrs of base coin. " The Common Sergeant, in passing sentence, told the prisoner that the offence of which he had been convicted was an extremely grave one. It was always most difficult to detect the makers of bad money, but, when detected, the tribunals before whom they were convicted felt bound to pass most severe sentences. The offence of circulating base coin was a very cruel one, as the loss which it en tailed generally fell upon poor small shopkeepers and a class of society who felt such losses most severely. The prisoner had rendered himself liable to be sent into penal servitude for the rest of his life. He (the Common Sergeant) would not upon the present occasion go to that extent, but still pass a very severe sentence, and that was that the pri soner be kept in penal servitude for eight years. William Hughes, 35, tailor, pleaded guilty to stealing a purse and moneys, value £39 165., from the person of George Palmer. Mr. Robinson, for the prosecution, said he ap peared on the part of the General Omnibus Com pany, who, with a desire to protect those who tra velled in their vehicles, had specially instructed him through their solicitor, the offence being com mitted in one of their omnibuses upon the prosecu tor, a major in the army, while travelling between Kingsland and the Bank. The prisoner was sentenced to six years' penal servitude. _ ~ , MIDDLESEX SESSIONS. (Before Mr. Pashley, Q.C., Assistant-Judge.) Two disorderly women, named Mary Caton and Ann Brown, were brought up to be dealt with as incorrigible rogues under the Vagrant Act, having been guilty of indecent and riotous conduct in the public streets. They were each sentenced to six months' hard labour. Chas. Gilham, 46, a man who was stated to have been a publican, and of hitherto very good character was indicted for stealing a watch, value £lO, the property of Edward Smith. The prisoner obtained the watch by a trick, and said he had got a customer for one. He was to re turn it or the money in an hour, but he pawned it. He was found guilty, and strongly recommended to mercy. The Court sentenced him to four months' hard labour. Frederick Newland, 22, was indicted for stealing a watch and locket, value £l7, the property of G. F. Dawley, in his dwelling-house, and was con victed and sentenced to 15 months' hard labour. Mary Pearce, 40, was convicted of robbing Daniel Sullivan, a Crimean soldier, of his medal and clasps, and 3d., and was sentenced to four months' hard labour. Benjamin Squire was indicted for an assault. He had paid the prosecutor £3 to make the matter up ; the latter was content, and the Assistant- Judge thought it was an ample penalty for the pri soner to pay. Under the circumstances the pri soner, however, would not plead guilty, so the case had to be proved. He was found guilty upon clear evidence, and sentenced to pay a fine of 40s. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. GUILDHALL. —Mr. W. Battye, the accountant to the Irish Land Investment Com p an y , attended before Mr. Alderman Challis upon a summons, call ing upon the directors to show cause why certain penalties should not be enforced for neglecting to register a complete list of shareholders within 14 days after the annual general meeting, according t o the requirements of the Joint-Stock Companies Act. It will remembered that on the first hearin of this case Mr. He GreaNe ,t the late h l a o t l e d er secretaryhav having Henry of the company, stated he was ' a s s h two shares, upon which nothing had been paid up, and that his object in taking l out this summons was to Mr. break Bettye up o t e thatcom pally. occasion n said answer n o to Mr. general Graves,meet ing te ha lfil ie h ga a i, % d bmi t st a t dkaoesnn only pntlloayce,meeting attended to register.h a d b been enable two said shareholders although companya e Mr. Graves now he wished to show what sort of company this . was. Alderman Challis said, whatever desire Mr. Graves m i g ht h ave to injure this company, he would not be a party to his using this court for that purpose. Mr, liattye said the company was not in a posi tion to register their shareholders, as the only bona fide shareholder was Mr. M'Kenna, the manager, no one else having paid up. Jr. Groins said the company was proceeding -- - against him to recover certain books and papers which he held as secretary, and he wished to know if he was justified in detaining them. Alderman Challis said certainly not. He had been discharged, and he ought therefore to give them up. The summons was dismissed. WORSHIP-STREET. Thomas Duggan, a sturdy young fellow of 18, was charged before Mr. Hammill with the following robbery. A shoemaker named Payne was passing through Whitechapel about 9 on the preceding evening, when his attention was attracted to the conduct of the prisoner and several other fellows, who were acting in concert and covering each other's actions while picking pockets. The witness followed them some time without meeting a policeman, and during that time saw them feel and search the pockets of at least 40 persons, the last of whom was a poor, wretched old creature named Ellen Regan, who seemed too destitute to admit of being robbed of anything. Into this woman's pocket, however, the prisoner thrust his hand, and withdrew it, to the surprise of witness, with something in it, though what it wa.4 he could not see, and, transferring the stolen goods to his own pocket, walke d leisurely away. The witness followed him and his companions till a constable of the H division came up, to whom he mentioned what he had witnessed, and who grasped the prisoner by the neck and asked what he had about him. The prisoner said he had nothing wrong, and, drawing a penny tin snuff-box from his pocket, coolly helped himself to a pinch of snuff, while he offered his pocket for the officer's inspec tion. To the prisoner's dismay, however, the old woman Regan hobbled up, and the m oment she saw the box in the prisoner's hand she claimed it as her property. The prisoner impudently denied her claim to it, but the old woman persisted, as she now did in court, and the prisoner was conveyed to the station. jiven him the box ; The prisoner said a boy bad but on Mr. Hammill reproachine7 him with h less am heartlessness in robbing . so poor and ;;." p p I son, and asking him if hie would be tried b y him or er. sent before a jury, he at once pleaded guiitY , an d alleged as an excuse that he could get no w0r.,1, and had had none for the last three months. Mr. Hammill said he could have gone for a 60 1- dier, and sent him to the House of Correction for three month' hard labour, while the poor creature who had been robbed received a half-crown from the poor-box. SOUTHWARK.—WiIIiam Kelly, a notorious " horse couper," well known to the police as con nected with a gang infesting~' the highways sur rounding the metropolis, was brought before Mr. Burcham for final examination, charged with being concerned with others not in custody in stealing a horse, the property of Jonathan Fisher. He was also charged with obtaining horses from other per sons by false and fraudulent pretences. Mr. Burcham committed him for trial. Henry Welch, an ill-looking fellow, and Harriet Smith were brought before Mr. Bircham for final examination, charged with stealing ten silk hand kerchiefs from the shop of Mr. Joshua Alder, draper and hosier, 67, Newington-causeway. They were also charged with committ in g a ruffianly assault on Mrs. Alder, the wife of the prosecutor. It appeared that shortly after four o'clock on the afternoon of TV ednesday, the 15th inst., the pri soners came into the shop and asked to be shown some stockings and handkerchiefs. Mrs. Alder attended to them, and after selecting some things they requested them to be packed up, when the man said he had not sufficient to pay for them, but he would leave a deposit of a shilling, and call another day for the goods. While this conversa tion was going on Mrs. Alder saw the woman secrete a bundle of handkerchiefs under her shawl, and as the prisoners were about to leave she called her husband, who detained them. The man then struck Mrs. Alder a severe blow on the eye, and the woman seized her by the throat. Their con duct was so violent that had not a constable come in something serious must have taken place. They were both committed for trial. • COUNTBY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL—SEPT. 21. Our market to-day was very much ruled by the rero i from Mark-lane yesterday. Millers bought with,caution, and prices may be considered lower on the week about le to 2d por bushel ; but good and sound stroll°. flour, Iwo; which the demand mainly was , could not be'had at an: eheaper rate, as the consumers prefer the best quality. bread, and, while they have mone y , will have a prim article. Barley, beans, and peas do not move, but they ar relatively much higher than the great staple. wheat. Goo oats and oatmeal sustain late prices, LEEDS—SEPT. 12. With a fair show of wheat the trade assumes a little mor firmness for old and fine qualities of new than were sh a ow last week, which make about the rates of Friday. Dnr, iferior sorts very difficult to quit. Barley ; vithout altera tion. Beans and other articles firm at late prices. LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL—SLPT. 21. There has been very little doing to-day, closing firn -Eastern Counties, 12 I — Cale donians, 87 GB7I Western, 5O 4--Lancashire and Yorkshire, 941 941- Sheffield, 35—Midland, 961 96E-North British, 56 561,- Berwieks, 921 3—Dovers, 211 1 ---Dutch Rhenish, 43/ —Leeds Northern, 461 7—York and North M idland, 74 —Great Western of Canada, 18 181—Grand Trunks, 91—Chester and Holyhead, 34 44--- Bl ac kburn, 10 11 ex d—Birkenheads, 66 661—East Lancashire, 90 9f —London and North-Westerns, 904 I—Great1 —Great Norther; 101 103—Great Luxembourg, 8 1-16 3-16. MANCHESTER—SEPT. 21. The market was firm at the opening, but became fi in the afternoon, and closed at the lowest point. foyer. 21g---Nidlands, 96I—Sheffields, 35--North British, 56- Leeds, Blackburn Purchase ft 5( d. Cents., 1-16 pra. - Londons, 9O—North Staffords, d.--,-Manch es ter Amur ance, 8 p. LEEDS—SEPT. 21. as ter Midlands, 961 I I—Great Westerns, Leeds, 46k—Leeds New Gas 6 per Cent., 117 : s°l-Zorth E BIRMINGHAM—SEPT. 21. A good business was doing in the market to-dal, th an prices were - rather improved. London a nd Western, 90—Ditto Eighths, lf dis.—Midlands, 97--Bir mingham Canals, 94—Great Western Birmingham Pref. 4 —Birmingham and Derbys, 90—Shropshire Unions, 44 —Birmingham Bank Co., 271: Nor bringing up infants by hand from the breast have been ell tirely overcome by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Ara bica Food, which strengthens and removes all those The littlf pains and irregularities infants are so subject to. fe l " lowing letters speak.volumcs :—" Grammar School, Steven.' age, 16th Dec., 1850. Gentlemen, —I think it but comm " o justice to you to state that I have u sed Du Barrt4h tinße lenta Arabica for the last four mont hs, during w 'e our infant has never had disordered bowels, from which i had suffered much during the previous six months, while being nursed, though every c are was taken to prevent it Had I known of your valuable food soonew it would have saved my infant much pain, and me also the heavy expense of a wet nurse.—l am, &c., Robert Ambler." " 75, Queen':. road, Bayswater, London, Nov. 22, 852.—himampier will thank Messrs. Du Barry and Co. to send a canister of their Revalenta Arabica, it agreed well with his infant." (This infant was ten days o 1 when it commenced living on the Revalenta Arabica. S u pported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors° Chemistry, Dr. Andrew Ure, Dr. Harvey, Dr. Shoreland Dr. Campbell, Dr. Gattiker, Dr. Wurtzer,ll)r. Ingram, Lord Stuart de Decies ; Major-General Thomas King, and man: other respectable persons, whose health has been restore by it, after all other means of cure had failed. Suitabl, packed with full instructions. In canisters, Jib 2s. 9d. ; 21b. 4s. 6d. ; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 225. The 121 b ea nisters are sent carriage free on receipt of a Postoffic order. Barry Du Barry, & Co., 77, Regent-street, London and through all chemists and grocers in town an , country. Important caution against the fearful danger o. spurious imitations : The Vice-Chancellor Sir Willies Page Wood granted an injunction on the 10th March. 1864, against Alfred Hooper Nevill for imitating "Di Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food. BIRTHS. HoTnAm.—On the 19th inst., at Silverlands, Cherteey, th wife of Captain Beaumont Hotham, of a son. HUTTON.—On the 20th inst., at Upper 'Tooting, the with of Thos. 0. Hutton, Esq., of a daughter. KING.—On the 10th inst., at Rathmines, Dublin, the with of Captain J. H. King, Scots Greys, of a daughter. SMITH.—On the 19th inst., at 7, Upper Grosvenor-stree t i the wife of Dr. Tyler Smith, of a son. MARRIAGES. BURTON—BUSIIMAN.—On the 15th inst., at Harbledown Church, Kent, Edward John Burton, Esq., M.D. Staff- Surgeon of the Ist Class, Cavalry Depot, Canterbury, t° Betsy Wheeler, the second daughter of Captain G eor g e Bushman, 2d Dragoon Guards. TREADWELL—MALLAM.—.On the 18th inst., at St. Nati thew's, Spring-gardens, William Treadwell, Esq., of East Brixton. to Martha, third surviving daughter of the late George Mallam, Esq., of the Upper Mall, Hammer smith. DEATHS. BAINBRIDGE.—On the 18th inst., at his house in 1 1 d e " park-gardens, Joseph Bainkidge, Esq., late of Madras/ aged 61. CAsnEn..—On the 18th inst., at -her residence, prodding" ton, Elizabeth, widow of the late Edward Casher, Esq. , of Portsmouth, aged 85. GABB.—On the 16th inst., Baker Gabb, Esq., of I.lwYn dW Court, near Abergavenny, Monmouthshire. Ricu.—On the 18th inst., Sir George Ricb, of 43, Lown'lcB- street, aged 73. • SllEAurzig = On the 18th inst., Mr. Richard Sheari n g , 01 12, Rupert-sM7Ff, Haymarket, aged 67. SHORTREDE.—On the 31st ult., at Bad-Bruckenau, China Bavaria, Mr. Andrew Shortrede, proprietor of the "Chau, Mail." VAUGHAN.—On the 16th inst., at Rhug Canyon Lady Vaughan, wife of Sir Robert William Vaughan,' Bart.) aged 47. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 1129 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Multi o f Mddlesex, Wednesday, September 22, 1858. GA LIST o CER' Addit Hyd , Block, Blower Blunde Blunt, Blyth, Boden, Bonifai Bond, Bones, Bones, Bonsoi Bonny Brod; Brom. Ea Broth Brow Brool Brool Brom Brow 1 i