The Sun. — London, England, 1860-01-11 00:00:00

BENSON'S WATCHES. " Perfection of mecl►anism."•—Morning Post. Gold Watches 4 to 100 guineas. Silver Watches 33 nd , Ludgate-hill, London, E.C. Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet on Watches ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the management of Miss L. Pyne and Mr.Vir. Harrison. THIS EVENING, VICTORINE. Messrs. Santley, H. Haigh, 11. Ccrri, G. Honey, Bartleman , &c. Misses Parepa, Thirlwall, R OYAL Condactor, Alfred Mellon. To conclude with the new grand pautomime, called PUSS LN BOOTS ; or, Harlequin and the Fairy of the Golden Palms. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7 o'clock. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lossee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. There will be NO PERFORMANCE this Evening, in con sequence of the Company being required at Windsor Castle, by command of her Majesty. TO-MORROW, the comedy of THE EVIL GENIUS Miss Reyno!ds. After which, the new Haymarket Comic Christmas Panto mime, VALENTINE'S DAY; or, Harlequin and the Fairy of the True Lovers' Knot. The pantomimists the unrivalled Leclercqs. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM.- Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame Celeste. Ite-emlcinzement of the Spanish Dancers. THIS EVENING, the popular Drama of ST. MARY'S EVE. Madeline (her original character) Madame Celeste. After which, will be produced a new Grand Christmas Ex trava2:anza and Pantomime, KING THRUSHBEA.RD, the I. ITTL E PET and the GREAT PASSION. Clown, Mr. 11. Marshall—Columbine, Miss Eosin°. Commence at Y. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. • Re-engagement of the Wonderful Dancer, Mons. Espinosa. First appearance of Mdlle. Marietta Rosetta, Principal Dan seuse of La Scala, Milan ; and first time of the Delapierre Family. These highly-talented Children will appear every night. The Royal Princess's Rifles on parade every evening. TIIIS EVENING, TIIE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH. After which, a new Christmas burlesque pantomime, by 11. J. Byron, called JACK THE GIANT KILLER; or, Harle quin King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Jack, Miss Louise Keeley—Harlequin, Mr. Cormack Panta loon, Mr. Paulo—Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams—Clown, Mr. A. F. Forrest. MW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI. ole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Holiday Attractions.— The Christmas Carol and the New Spectacular Extravaganza, by H. J. Byron, Esq,, the Nymph of the Lurlyberg ; or the Knight and the Naiades. THIS EVENING, THE CHRISTMAS CAROL. Messrs J. L. Toole, C. Selby, Paul Bedford, Stuart, Billington, C. J. Smith. Romer; Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, Mrs. Chatte rley, Miss Laidlaw. After which THE NYMPHS OF THE LURLEYBERG ; or, The Knight and the Naiades. Messrs. Toole, Bedford, Eburne, Smith, Powell, Romer, Miss Woolgar, C. Webb, K. Kelly, Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this establishment are strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. On Wednnesday, Jan. IS, the Theatre will be Closed, in consequence of the Company performing at the Royal Thea tricals, 'Windsor Castle. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen gers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING, THEY'RE BOTH TO BLAME.' Followed by a new sketch, A HOUSEHOLD FAIRY. Mks Wyndham and Mr. H. T. Craven. To conclude with the new pantomime of PUNCH AND JUDY. Introducing Miss Lydia Thompson and the Corps de Ballet. Clown, Harlequin, Columbine, and Pantaloon, and the wonderful Performing Dogs. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 64 ; Pit, is. The Box-office opeii from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six; perform ance commences at 7. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, Westminster-road. Sole Lessee—Mr. William Cooke. his Farewell Season. The Great Christmas Novelty : " Harlequin Tom Moody," triumphant, THIS EVENING, the entertainments will commence at 7 o'clock with the droll drama of DOMINIQUE THE DE SERTER. Dominique, Mr. G. Belmore. After which, fine and exquisite Riding Evolutions by the Star Artistes, Miss Emily Cooke, Mr. John Henry Cooke. and other first-rate professors. Concluding with the really successful Holiday piece and Sporting Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN TOM MOODY; or, Old Towier the Huntsman and the Goddess Diana, introducing, among numerous new and splendid vtfects, the Derby Day of 1860, by the Astlean Racing Stud and clever jockeys ; also the wonderful Salamander Horse, enveloped in a body of real fire. A Grand Day performance of the New Comic Pantomime, and very superior novelties in the ring, every Saturday, at Two o'clock, during the Holidays. Stage Manager. Mr. R. Phillips CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.- EVERY EVENING. Sterndalo Bennett's MAT QUEEN. And a Grand Selection from Aleyerbeer's new opera of DINORAH. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. Georxe Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critehtield, and N. W. Hackney. Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and Wounded. and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sic; lets of the metropolis. ROSA BON HEUR'S celebrated PICTURE of the HORSE FA llt is now added to the already maLcnificent Collection of Paintings In the Canterbury Hall Fine Arts Gallery. The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, JAN. 11, 1860. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 43—highest since noon yesterday. 40—lowest this morning and during the night. 43—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.15. WIND, Easterly; light, with fine weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tuts DA.Y.—Morning, 3h. 40m.—Afternoon, 4h. 2m. 70-mounow.-Morning, 4h. 24m.—Afternoon, 4h. 48m. ? 1 - •A • ••„ 4 e. l) E., .ILV."O '~ ti THE SUN. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JAN. 11, 1860. Scarcely anything could exceed the consummate effrontery with which The San Juan Difficulty has been referred to in his recent Message by President BUCHANAN. The coolness with which the terms of the agreement entered into in 1855 between England and the United States with a view to the mainten ance of a spirit of mutual forbearance until the settlement definitively of the rival claims to the to the sovereignty of those islands—the coolness, we say, with which these sufficiently explicit terms are recounted as a preliminary to the narrative of General HARNEY'S proceedings last summer, certainly presents a spectable of matchless Nardi.' hood and moral obtuseness unwitnessed since the days of ROBERT MACAIRE and JEREMY DIDDLER. The two pictures drawn by the goosequill of Mr. BUCHANAN are as well worth contrasting in their way as the portraits of HAMLET and CLAUDIUS, or as any of the classic heroes whose exploits have been recounted, and whose merits have been after. wards equally balanced upon that little beam of perfect equipoise, the iron stylus of the historian PLUTARCH. "Look," we may say (with as apt and nnhackneyed a Shaksperian quotation as any indulged in among her friends by the vulgar wife of that swindling nonentity in Mr. SHIRLEY BROOKS' admirable novel of The Gordian Knot), " Look upon this Picture"—culled from President BUCHANAN'S last Gallery of Political Sketches : " Whilst indulging the hope that no other subject re mained which could disturb the good understanding between the two countries, the question arising out of the adverse claims of the parties to the island of San Juan, under the Oregon treaty of the 15th June, 1846, suddenly assumed a threatening prominence. In order to prevent unfortunate collisions on that remote frontier, the late Secretary of State, on the 17th of July, 1855, addressd a note to Mr. Cramp ton, the British Minister at AVashbagton, communicating to him a copy of the instructions which he (Mr. Marcy) had given on the 14th July to Governor Stevens, of Wash ington territory, having a special reference to an' appre hended conflict between our citizens and the British sub jects governor was instructed that the officers of the territory should abstain front all acts on the disputed grounds which are calculated to provoke any conflicts, so far as it can be done without implying the concussions to the witho. rities of Great Britain of any exclusive right over the pre mises.' The title ought to be settled before either party should attempt to exclude the other by pree, or exercise com plete and exclusire sorereign rights 'within the fairly'dis putei The " case" is plainly put in that Picture. And now as Mrs. ROBERT SPENCER (before alluded to) again would say—" look on this !" " Thus matters remained upon the faith of this arrange ment until the 9th of July last, when General Harney paid a visit to the island. He found upon it twenty-five Ameri can residents with their families, and also an establishment of the Hudson's Bay Company for the purpose of raising sheep. A short time before his arrival one of the residents had shot an animal belonging to the company, while tres passing upon his premises, for which, however, he offered to pay twice its value ; but that was re, Fused. Soon after the chief factor of the company at Victoria, Mr. Dallas, son-in law of Governor Douglas, came to the island in the British sloop of war Satellite, and threatened to take the American (Mr. Chester) by force to Victoria, to answer for the tres pass he had committed. The American seized his rifle, and told Mr. Dallas if any such attempt was made he would kill him on the spot. The affair then ended.' " Did it ? Let us read on, and see : " Under these circumstances the American settlers pre sented a petition to the genera], ' through the United States Inspector of Customs, Mr. Hubba, to place a force upon the island, to protect them from the Indians, as well as the op pressive interference of the authorities of the Hudson's Bay Company, at Victoria, with their rights as American citi zens.' The general immediately responded to this petition, and ordered Captain George E. Pickett, 9th Infantry, ' to establish his company on Bellevue, on San Juan Island, or some suitable position near the harbour, at the south eastern extremity.' This order was promptly obeyed, and a military post was established at the place designated. The force was afterwards increased, so that by the last return the whole number of troops then on the island amounted, in the aggregate, to 691 men." So that the maintenance by the United States of this arrangement mutually entered into with England —was the occupation of the disputed ter ritory of General HARNEY'S troops to the number of close upon seven hundred! Upon the plea, too, that the British authorities were acting harshly, because, forsooth, they proposed to deal as justice required with some Yankee sportsman, either as felonious a shot as a poaching gipsy or as bad a shot as Mr. WINKLE—as bad, perhaps we should say, as the hero of the nursery ditty who shot at a crow and killed a pig! Remembering the shoot ing of that miserable " animal" of San Juan (Mr. BUCHANAN is ashamed to say point blank in his Message that it was " a pig")—and remembering that the immediate result was the monstrous and wholly unjustifiable seizure of the island by 691 of the American soldiers under General HARNEY, and that the proximate consequence threatened at one time to be an open rupture be tween Great Britain and the United States, one can only marvel with POPE— " What mighty contexts rise from trivial things 1" The credit of the dissipation apparently of these ominous and portentous clouds threatening war between England and America, the President coolly and complacently arrogates to the wisdom, prudence, moderation, and magnanimity of his own Government ! It is only of apiece this with the curious maintenance of the agreement by means of the abrupt descent of just upon seven hundred United States' troops upon San Juan. It caps the climax of this last edifying specimen of calm Yankee effrontery. Our remark the other day that a very little time would suffice to place us au courant with the views of all our public men in succession in reference to the rifle corps movement is being rapidly verified. Since then a large number of other notabilities have spoken out frankly, to the point, and to the purpose. Yesterday we gave a glimpse of the sentiments with which the National Arming is re garded by one of our learned Recorders and also by one of our leading Statesmen. Both, it will doubt less have been already remarked by many of our readers, regard the progress, the advance, and the development of this grand movementwith sentiments of profound and patriotic complacency. Elsewhere in to-day's paper it will be seen that two others have spoken out quite as earnestly and explicitly— the one a gallant old tar (Admiral IVALcoTT, M.P.), the other a leading statesman of the Oppo site side (the Earl of MALMESBURY), ex-Foreign Secretary. The arguments of both will be found elsewhere in this evening's impression of our jour nal, and to the consideration of these arguments we earnestly commend all who have at heart the completion, as speedily and thoroughly as possible, of the machinery of our National Defences. Already we have commented upon the justifiably exultant tone with which - Arr. 'WARREN, as Re corder of Hull, availed himself of a not unfitting opportunity in which to refer to the wide and rapid spread of these evidences, at once of our loyalty and of our civism. It is but right, now, we think, that we should revert for a moment, however cursorily, to the views expressed more recently at Watford, in Hertfordshire, by the Earl of CLARENDON, K.G., the views and sentiments expressed by him in re gard to the same identical movement. The superior advantages of these Rifle Corps, or, in other words, of a regularly organised National Guard,drawn from the ranks of the people—the superior advantages of this system of defence, over that to which England has a peculiar repugnance, namely, that of a large standing army,the Earl of CLARENDON thus forcibly indicated :—" If," said he, " they were to have a large standing army there would always be a danger to freedom and liberty, and other Powers might be justified in asking if our intentions were pacific ; but they could not ask what were the in tentions of volunteer rifle corps, the formation of which was merely a defensive measure for the pro tection of our homes, not calculated to give um brage in the slightest degree to foreign Powers." Than which conclusion nothing surely could be more just and reasonable. The noble lord added, "The movement, although as yet only in its infancy. had produced a very salutary effect throughout Europe." Observing yet farther, that "It was the most complete scheme that had been devised to secure peace, and place us beyond the recur rence of unmanly panics of which English men should be ashamed." The next words we cannot but regard as an admirable ex ample of that peculiar mode of argument known as the reductio ad absurdum: It is an argument, in fact, we take it, quite unanswerable— as unanswerable as the position it describes (and which has often been that of England hitherto) is simply ridiculous. "To see a danger," re marks Lord CLARENDON, "to be frightened, and yet to do nothing to avert it, was worthy only of a nation of old women ; to see it and to shut their eyes to it was pusillanimous ; but to look the danger steadily in the face was the part of freemen and patriots, and worthy the people of England." Thus the matter is now viewed on all hands. Our voices upon this long-vexed question of the National Defences are, at length, thank Heaven, fast becoming accordant. The interest taken by the country at large in the regulation of Indian affairs has fortunately greatly increased of late years. Before the mutiny which brought home the sad consequences of mis management with such startling violence to so many English hearths and hearts. people generally troubled themselves very little about the internal arrangements of the Board of Control. It was supposed to be much on the same footing as the other public offices, where the disposal of the patronage would not always bear examination, but with which it was no one's particular business to meddle. Some politicians a l n B f objected to the system of the double Government, but unless th e appo i n t men t o f a G overno r-General, or of Ministry, brought Indian affairs pro minentlyrward, the su bj ec t was th oug ht little of. Since a chg s e ; , however, matters are very different. The destruction of the old monopoly, and the assumption of direct power by the Imperial Go vernment, have brought home the sense of respox sibility to the English public, who are honestly anxious to do their best for the extensive territory and vast population committed to their charge. A deep interest is, consequently, very gene rally felt in the management of this A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon, at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury in Downing-street. It was attended by Viscount Palmer ston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Duke of Argyll, Sir G. Cornewall Lewis, Lord John Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, Sir Charles Wood, thP Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson, the Earl of Elgin, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, and the Right Hon. E d ward Card well. The Duke of Newcastle arrived in town yester. day morning from his seat, Clumber-park, Notts. Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury, accompanied by the Hon. Colonel and Mrs. Macdonald, have left Badmin ton, the seat of the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort, for Strathfieldsaye, Hants. The ,Marquis of Abercorn, who has been paying a brief visit to his estates in Ireland, will return to Brocket Hall in a few days. The Earl and Countess of Lichfield have returned to their residence in Bruton-street, from visiting the Mar chioness of Abercorn at Brocket Hall. Viscount Palmerston arrived at Cambridge House yesterday morning from Broadlands. The noble viscount left town in the afternoon on a visit to her Majesty, at Windsor Castle. Her ladyship remains at Broadlands. Viscount and ViscomttessValletort arrived in town yesterday from visiting the Marquis and Marchioness of Abercorn, at Brocket Hall. The noble viscount and vis countess will leave town today for Mount Edgcumbe, De vonshire. GOVERNMENT PRESENT.—A very beautiful pre sent is about to be made by the Government to M. Tchokar, a gentleman of Bucharest, as an acknowledgment of the hospitality and courtesy exhibited by him towards Sir Henry Bulwer, in the year 18,57. M. Tchokar placed his house at the disposal of the English representative, and as he refused to accept of any recompense when Sir Henry left, it hasbeen thought right to make an acknowledgment. The present consists of a magnificent and valuable inkstand. The centre is composed of a finely modelled representation of a Wallachian gentleman and his horse, the latter stand ing underneath a palm tree, the emblem of peace. A more perfect piece of workmanship has never been executed evim. by Mr. C. F. Hancock, of Bruton-street, to whom the talk was intrusted. It is worth while to pay a visit to Mr. Hancock's establishment, if only to inspect such a tasteful and beautiful specimen of art manufacture. THE LONDON ORCHESTRAL ASSOCIATION.— The first meeting of this society took place on Saturday evening at St. James's Hall, when upwards of GO amateur instrumentalists were present, and very creditably per fermed several overtures and symphonies, under the able direction of Dr. James Pech. The next meetings are an nounced to take place every Saturday evening, terminating in June. GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION.—The Government emigrant vessel West Australian, 699 tons, Captain James Downie, belonging to Messrs. Park, Brothers, of London, which sailed from Plymouth on the 12th of July, arrived at Perth, Western Australia, on the 24th of October, with 20 married couples, two single men, 99 single women, four boys between the ages of one and 12, four mato infants and seven female, making a total of 156 souls, equal to 143} statute adults, under charge of Surgeon-Superintendent George Mottley. Two births and one death (an infant) occurred during the voyage. Le Nord mentions a rumour, to which, however, it does not give credence, that Marshal Canrobert is going to Rome on a special mission, to take the command of the corps of occupation, and to direct the evacuation which, on that supposition, would be determined on, and near at hand. Mr. Cobden attended the monthly dinner of the Society of Political Economists in Paris on Thursday. The conversation turned chiefly on the Isthmus of Suez scheme. Mr. Cobden observed that the opposition in Parliament was owing in some measure to the manner in which the question was introduced, the House of Commons almost fancying that it was expected to take shares in the enterprise. The principal opposition was found among diplomatists, who seemed to think that the concession of lands and the con• struetion of forts might at some period be turned to the injury of English interests ; but that there was no opposi tion on the ground that any country on the Mediterranean could deprive England by means of that canal of a conside rable portion of her trade with the East. The natural ad vantages of England and her geographical situation ren dered any such apprehensions futile. Moreover, the oppo sition to the scheme had much diminished in England. DEMOCRACY IN VICTORIA.—As a result of the General Election conducted upon the basis of the ballot and "manhood suffrage," half-a-dozen working men, including two or three representatives, whose caudidature was re garded as a "practical joke," have been returned to the Victorian Parliament.-4usei•alian JAIL A decision :NE ol N . ‘ c e on S si o d C e r r ii a'lLleWimAE importance S ance QLA h ' a ' S s rr b l t.e G n pronounced by the SaKerne Court in a squatting case—P r i ng l e v . Ma chattie. The action was for trespass by the d r i v i ng o f in fected sheep over plaintiff's run, wherAy the plaintiff's flocks became diseased. To this it had been pleaded anion , * other things, that the sheep were driven along a public hi g hway, and that they exhibited at the time no signs of disease. The question was, whether this absence o f w h at may be called guilty knowledge, formed any defence in an action for injuries which had actually resulted from the presence of the diseased flock ? The Coal t sustained the plea. The defendant, it was held, had a clear right to drive his flock along the highway, even although that highway passed through his neighbour's land. Being therefore en naged in a lawful tad he was not responsible for any .harm ful consequences which aught ensue t herefrom, provided it resulted from circumstances over which he had no control. Thus if he had really no knowledge of the existence of disease in his flock he would not be responsible for the communication of this disease to the plaintiff's sheep.— Australian Hail. :The steamer with the Bombay mail on Thursday will take £40,542 in gold far Alexandria, £7OO in gold for Men, and £112,750 in gold and £282,010 in silver for Bombay, 1.1,n iyholc being on private =OW, department. The working of the new system was narrowly watched and its tolerably successful con tinuance was the subject of general satisfaction. Rumours are now afloat, however, which we earnestly hope may be unfounded, and which tell of most unjustifiable interference with the official patronage on the part of the Secre tary of State. The appointment of Sir CHARLES WOOD was one which we censured at the time of the Ministerial changes, as we considered him unequal to the proper fulfilment of such onerous duties ; but we are quite willing to suspend any opinion in the case in question nntil the matter has been publicly discussed. It is very possible that the rumours, if they have any foun dation, have much exaggerated the facts, and sub stantial reasons may be given for any alteration on the part of the authorities. At the same time, the supervision of the .public cannot be otherwise than beneficial, and if the case is, as we hope it may be, Sir CHARLES WOOD need not shrink from inquiry. It is said that the applicants at the India House for nominations have received for answer the information that there will be no distribution of military patronage this year ; and with respect to all other services, that there have been no regulations yet established, but that the whole has been assumed by the Secretary of State as attaching to his office. Supposing this to be true, plausible reasons will, doubtless, be brought forward to support the alteration, but the adoption of such a system would be entirely opposed to the wishes of the country and to the intentions of the House of Com mons. The uncontrolled disposal of the patronage should certainly not be placed in the hands of a Minister who is necessarily subject to the influences of political partie3 ; and when we consider the vast importance of efficiently supplying our Indian vacancies we shall not be disposed to remain in doubt on the matter. The speedy meeting of Parliament will afford the necessary opportunity for an inquiry into this important question, and we hope there will be no delay in bringing it before the notice of the Legislature. LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, WEDNESDAY. The Moniteur publishes the speech addressed by the Pope to General Goyon, and says : " We believe that this allocution would never have been pronounced had the Pope received the letter sent to him by the Emperor on the 31st December." The Moniteur publishes this letter, which says : " Among the great reasons which induced me to conclude peace must be reckoned the fear that the revolution would assume larger proportions. If the Pope, according to my demand, had consented to an administrative separation of the Romagna, and to the nomination of a lay governor, those provinces would have remained (rendees) under his authority. Unfortunately the Pope would not do it, and I have been powerless to arrest the establishment of the new rule. The Congress will be assembled, the Powers will not deny the incontestible rights of the Pope over the Legations; nevertheless they will probably think it better not to have recourse to violence for subduing them, because it would be necessary to again occupy the Legations by mili tary for a long time, and this occupation would keep up hatred and among the Italians, and would perpetuate irritation, uneasiness, and fear. "I believe that the solution most suited to the interest of the Holy See would be to make a sacri fice of the revolted provinces. "If the Pope, for the tranquillity of Europe, would renounce those provinces which, since 50 years, create dso much trouble to his Government, the Powers would guarantee the possession of the remainder of the States of the Church. RAILWAYS. " I do not doubt that order would be immediately re-established. The Pope would insure to grateful Italy peace during many years, and to himself the peaceful possession of the States of the Church." The Emperor then recalls his devotedness to the Catholic religion, and to the Pope, and concludes thus : PRUSSIA. .M 12. ALBERT SMITH. Mr. Albert Smith's rapid and complete recovery from the very severe illness with which he was recently attacked is an event which can scarcely be more gratifying to the numerous private friends of that accomplished gentleman than to the public at large, to whose amusement he has ad ministered with such signal success for so many years that Londoners have long regarded his charming enter tainment as one of the pleasantest social " institutions" of their mighty city. Yesterday evening he made his ap pearance at the Egyptian Hall, for the first time since his serious indisposition, and we observed with much satisfaction that the interest of the occasion attracted a brilliant and crowded audience, by whom he was received with unbounded enthusiasm. When the peals of applause and shouts of welcome with which he was greeted had subsided, Mr. Albert Smith thanked his patrons in impres sive terms for the fervour of his reception, and then made a brief and touching allusion to his recent illness, observ ing that during the gloom and suffering through which he had now happily passed, he had been solaced and comforted beyond expression by the sympathy evinced by crowds of un known friends, whose kind and anxious inquiries led him to be lieve he had been so fortunate as to create in the public mind a feeling of esteem warmer and more profound than any that could have been awakened by the mere exercise of his pro fessional talent. The cordial concurrence of the audience in this sentiment was proved by the heartiness of their cheers. Mr. Albert Smith looked quite well last night, and went through his entertainment with a freshness and vigour of spirit which appeared to indicate a perfect restoration to health. "Those who live to please must please to live," and in the interest of the public, not less than in his own, we wish him a long life, which we doubt not that Lis genial temper and abundant wit will also make a merry one. " I have expressed my thoughts without reserve before the Congress is assembled, but I request your Holiness to believe that its decision will in no way alter the line of conduct I have always ob served towards your Holiness." PARIS, MONDAY JAN. 9. In the month of August last, when the Confer ence of Zurich threatened to be dissolved, the English Cabinet proposed to the French Govern ment to come to a special agreement between France and England for the settlement of the affairs of Central Italy. Count Walewski, in order to prevent the pro posal of Lord John Russell being accepted, ten dered his resignation, which was, however, with drawn on the publication of a note in the Moniteur of the 9th of September last in favour of the restoration of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The object of Lord Cowley's journey to London is to resume the negotiations which had been inter rupted. The dismissal of Count Walewski was already decided upon when Lord Cowley left Paris after the reception on New Year's Day ; but it is prema ture to assert that his Lordship has been the bearer of certain proposals as the basis of an agreement between France and England, either in the form of a protocol or of a treaty. THE_ SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 11, 1860. concerted between the Cabinets of • Paris and London, to which the other Powers interested will be at liberty to give their adhesion and their sig natures. Several other European questions, which were not less menacing to the political order of Europe, have been regulated in that manner. The independence of Greece, the sepa ration of Belgium, and the guarantee of a new order of succession to the throne of Denmark had no other origin. As was the case in these ques tions, a protocol concerted and proposed by certain powers would necessarily lead to conferences in which foreign diplomatists would have interest in taking part. The mission of Lord Cowley has be come the pivot of the situation. Opinions are much divided as to the precise character of that mission ; but the belief at London is that it refers to the ap proaching withdrawal of the French troops from Rome. Our London correspondent, however, makes the remark that the responsibility which may fall on England by the consequences of that withdrawal is not sufficiently taken into account in that city." PARIS BOURSE.—The market has been again heavy, and prices slightly depressed. Threes, after having been done at 68f. 40c., and 68f. 30c., are now at 68f. 45c. Mobilier varied from 745 f. to 752 f. 50c. ; Lyons, 913 f. 75c. to 917 f. 50c. ; Orleans, 1,380 f. to 1,382 f. 50c. ; Lombard, 562 f. 50c. to 565 f. ; and Austrian, 532 f. 50c. to 535 f. The following were the last quotations 41 per Cents. .... 97 Credit Fonder 717 50 Do. end montk Belgian 4/ 3 per Cents 6B 55IPiedmonteso (5) .. 84 50 Do. end month 6B 45 , Roman B2 Bank Shares 2820 Austrian Credit Mobilier .. 753 75 Spanish Threes Do. Aoasunt 752 50 Home Debt 421 Cash. Account. Orleans' 1377 50 .. 1380 Northern ... 920 —.• .. 920 New ditto... Lyons and Msditerranean 917 50 .. 918 75 Geneva 520 .. 520 Southern Western 570 .. 570 Eastern Sardinian 405 .. 405 Austrian Lombard ..... Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 10 c . ; money, 26f. 9c.; tree months, paper, 24f. 95c. ; money, 24f. 93f c. The Prussian Weekly Gazette, which represents the Ministerial party, considers the restoration of the dethroned Italian Princes as the best possible solution, but frankly admits its impossibility, and declares in favour of annexation to Sardinia, a measure which would not in any way be dangerous either to France or Austria. The Gazette, however, fears that annexation would fail before the ideas, already decided on, of certain Cabinets in favour of a new Kingdom of Etruria, a solution which that journal declares to be the worst of all, because the new kingdom would be necessarily dependent on France. ~; •. There is for the present no other negotiation going on than to resolve upon a basis which might become the point of departure for negotiations with the other great Powers, England having always recognised the principle that the territorial arrange ments of 1815 could only be modified with the consent of the other great Powers. MADRID, JAN. 9. The Spanish forces have moved forward, having provisions for five days. The stormy sea and the rain prevent communication with the squadron. JAN. 9. The storm has ceased. The communication by ship between Ceuta and Algesiras has been re esta blished. There is no longer any telegraphic com munication with the army. VIENNA, JAN. 10. The Austrian Government has ordered Prince Metternich to declare to the French Cabinet that it would decline to enter into negotiations on any other basis than the agreement of Villafranca or the treaty of Zurich. BERLIN, JAN. 10. The Conference for the discussion of the question of fortifying the German coasts was opened here yesterday, under the presidency of Lieut. Moltke. To-day the Prussian project for a system of common defence was submitted to the Conference. FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY. By an Imperial decree, Vice-Admiral Regault de Genouilly has been appointed Member of the Coun cil of the Admiralty in the room of Rear-Admiral Aubrey-Bailleul, admitted to the Section of Reserve of the General Staff of the Navy. By another, Captain Protet has been promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral. The Jurisconsults who have as yet signified their adhesion to the opinion of MM. Ploque, Berryer, Dufaure, Marie, Lionville, &c., on the questions proposed by M. de Haussonville, are—MM. Des marese, Huron, Rivolet, Allon, Du Leil, and Huchard, Members of the Council of the Order of Advocates ; M. la Boulaye, Professor at the College de France ; MM. Vatismenil, Henri Didier, D e Seze, De la Boulie, Freslon, Victor Lefranc, Emile Heroun, Senard, former Representatives of the people in the National Assembly ; MM. Jules Favre, and Ernest Picard, members of the Legisla tive Corps. MM. Hebert and Odilon Barrot in tend giving additional reasons for their opinion. It appears, then, that some of the most able members of the Paris bar take the same view of the case as the batonniers of the Order of Advocates. Among the names just given are found persons who have been Ministers of State, representatives under the late Republic, or deputies under the pre sent Empire. It is not too much to presume that the stand made by M. de Haussonville on the ques tion of the press is perfectly legal, and we see that it is favourably received by all the fractions of the Liberal party. In the proceedings taken by M. de Haussonville against M. Dubuisson, his printer, to oblige him to print, in the form of a pamphlet, his letter to the batonniers as inserted in the Courricr du Dimanche, M. do Haussonville has so clearly th e l aw on his side that we can hardly doubt o f his gaining hi s cause before the Tribunal du Commerce. The following calculation has been made of the cost of new-year's presents in Paris :—Sweetmeats and confectionery, 1,500,000 f. ; toys, 2,000,000 f. ; jewellery, 4,000,000 f. ; china and glass, 2,000,000 f. ; articles of curiosity and bronzes, 1,000,000 f. ; toys of superior quality, 4,000,000 f. ; flowers, portraits, and photographs, 1,000,000 f. The house-porters receive in money 3,000,000 f. ; the house servants, estimated at 110,000 in number, 2 ,200.000 f. ; post men, messengers, &c., 500,000 E; finally, waiters in hotels, cafes, wine shops, &c., 1 ,000,000 f. The Nord contains the following :—" It is stated to be likely that an attempt may be made to regu late the Italian question by means of a protocol " I have received the document which you ad dressed to me on the 12th November under the title of Draft of a Constitution.' I applaud with all my heart the national sentiment which actuated you in drawing up that document and which has caused you to give a new form to the wish for union which is always present in your minds as it is in mine. But however strong may be our desire to see the political aspirations of our country realised, we must above all things take care to abstain from compromising its present in terests by hazardous measures. The nation feels a profound need of political repose, and demands that, for the future, we shall in con formity with the convention of 1858, occupy ourselves with the practical ameliorations for which it has too long waited. I feel convinced therefore, that I shall act in accordance with its interests by postponing to a more favourable epoch, which I reserve to myself to designate the considera tion of your pocket, in which, hoWever, my Go vernment will be able to obtain valuable indications for the preparation of laws. What Roumania needs at the present moment is the revision of codes, the organisation of finances, of justice, and of all the other branches of the adminstration, so that they be put in harmony with the constitu tive act, which has been placed under your protec tion in order that it may be scrupulously complied with. I hope, then, that all the great powers of the State will resolutely enter into this path of practical utility ; and my Government is ready to exercise the initiative which belongs to it to second the Central Commission in the accomplishment of the task which the convention has specially reserved to it, in the general plan of our re-organisation." The Carlaruhe journals state that great dis content prevails in the town of Fribourg on account of the Concordat ; and that the belief was entertained that the existence of the uni versity of that place was menaced. " Every body," adds one of the journals, " considers that the Archbishop of Friburg, who yields in every. thing to the people about him, is going too far, and the same opinion is entertained in all the towns of the Grand Duchy." THE PRINCIPALITIES. The following is the reply returned by Prince Couza to the message of the Central Commission relative to the projected. new Constitution for Moldo-Wallachia : WEST COAST OF AFRICA. The African Company's Royal Mail steamship Athenian arrived in the Mersey yesterday after noon, with the mails from the West Coast of Africa, and 4,053 ounces of gold dust, together with a large miscellaneous cargo and full complement of passen gers. Her dates are—Benin, Nov. 24 ; Fernando Po, Dee. 21 ; Cameroons, Dec. 2 ; Old Calabar, Dec. 4 ; Brass, Dec. 5 ; Bonny, Dec. 7 ; Sierra Leoue, Dec. 21; Bathurst, Dec. 25 ; Teneriffe, Dec. 31; Madeira, Jan. 2 ; Lagos, Dec. 10 ; Accra, Dec. 12. Our Liverpool correspondents are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Curry, purser of the Athenian, for the following summary of news by that vessel. At Benin the health of the residents was good, and trade brisk. The steamers Fidelita, Sea Flower, and Benin loading. Fernando Po was healthy, and the new Spanish governor was doing much in the way of improving the island. Ships at Clarence Cove—United States gunboats Sumpter and Mystic ; British schooner Eliza, of Bristol; and Hamburg barque William Oswall. The Cameroons were healthy, but trade rather dull. The natives were quiet, and the recent dis turbances had been amicably settled. The dry sea son continued very long this year, but rain had fallen previous to the Athenian's departure. The Montezuma and the Elizabeth Emily were in the river. Brass river was unhealthy, and trade was stag nant. The Empress, Arabian, Florence Nightingale, Orient, and Bell were in the river. At Bonny trade was rather dull, but the health of the place was good. The Grand Bonny arrived in the river on the 3d Dec., and the Valleyfield sailed for Liverpool on the same day, full of oil. The ships Mississippi, Empress, Adventure, Mary Black, Mary, Fanny, and Pomona were loading. LAGOS, Dec. 10.—Healthy. Trade brisk ; re ceived 240 casks of oil. Outside the bar her Ma- jesty's ship Medusa, United States gunboat Sumpter, ships Prussian Eagle, Palma, Galatea. and screw steamer Fidelita. The new British con sul, Mr. Brand, was pleased with the place and in health. _ ACCRA, Dec. 12.—N0 news. Health and trade pretty good. CAPE COAST CASTLE, Dec. 14.—Healthy. Trade brisk. A serious riot took place on November 24 between the people of the Intin and I3entil quarters or companies into which Cape Coast Castle is di vided. In consequence of some misunderstanding their old feelings of jealousy and mutual hatred broke out, and they went out to a plain about two miles from Cape Coast to fight; The authorities of Cape Coast, when they heard of these proceed ings, lost no time in marching to the spot, with as large a force of regulars and municipal volun teers as could be raised. Lieutenant Williams marched boldly between the two rival parties, and the chief justice went about amongst them endeavouring to persuade them to retire. He " Ceylon, from whatever direction it is approached, un folds a scene of loveliness and grandeur unsurpassed, if it be rivalled, by any land in the universe. The traveller from Bengal, leaving behind the melancholy delta of the Ganges and the torrid coast of Coromandel; or the adven turer from Europe, recently inured to the sands of Egypt and the scorched headlands of Arabia, is alike entranced by tho vision of beauty which expands before him as the island rises from the sea, its lofty mountains covered by luxuriant forests, and its shores, till they meet the ripple of the waves, bright with the foliage of perpetual spring. " The Brahmans designated it by the epithet of Lanka, ' the resplendent,' and in their dreamy rhapsodies extolled it as the region of mystery and sublimity; the Buddhist poets gracefully apostrophised it as ' a pearl upon the brow of India;' the Chinese knew it as the ' island of jewels;' the Greeks as the land of the hyacinth 'and the ruby ;' the Mahometans, in the intensity of their delight, assigned it to the exiled parents of mankind as a new eiysium to console them for the loss of Paradise; and the early navi gators of Europe, as they returned dazzled with its gems, and laden with its costly spices, propagated the fable that far to seaward the very breeze that blew from it was re dolent of perfume. In later and less imaginative times, Ceylon has still maintained the renom n of its attractions, and exhibits in all its varied charms ' the highest conceiv able development of Indian nature.' "The soil in these regions is consequently light and un remunerative, but the plentiful moisture arising from the interception of every passing vapour from the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, added to the intense warmth of the atmosphere, combine to force a vegetation so rich and luxuriant that imagination can picture nothing more won drous and charming ; every level spot is enamelled with verdure, forests of never-fading bloom cover mountain and valley ; flowers of the brightest hues grow in profusion over the plains, and delicate climbing plants, rooted i 4 the shel ving rocks, hang in huge festoons down the edge of every precipice. " Unlike the forests of Europe, in which the excess of some peculiar trees imparts a character of monotony and graveness to the outline and colouring, the forests of Ceylon are singularly attractive from the endless variety of their foliage, and the vivid contrast of their hues. The moun tains, especially those looking towards the east and south, rise abruptly to prodigious and almost precipitous heights above the level plains ; tho rivers wind through woods be low like threads of silver through green embroidery, till they are lost in a dim haze which conceals the far horizon ; and through this a line of tremulous light marks where the sunbeams are glittering among the waves upon the distant shore. " From age to age a scene so lovely has imparted a colouring of romance to the adventures of the seamen who, in the eagerness of commerce, swept round the shores of India, to bring back the pearls and precious stones, the cinnamon and odours, of Ceylon. The tales of the Arabians are fraught with the wonders of ' Serendid ;' and the mari ners of the Persian Gulf have left a record of their delight in reaching the calm havens of the island, and reposing for months together in valleys where the waters of the sea were overshadowed by woods, and the gardens were bloom ing in perennial summer." The portion of the descriptions which relates to the gems is very interesting. From time immemorial this island has been celebrated for its sparkling mines. The accounts of travellers returning front the east gave to the stor y -teller s of the " Arabian f a bles of the jewels of S eren dib , and in which they still e x i s t i s enough to t N h i e g p h r ts o ' f ' u t s h io e n to prove that there is foundation for the marvels re• the olden time. Diamond s are not nat i ve as has been sometim es sa id , b ut t h ere are i la n t u ed ey of on : many brilliant gems to compensate for this defi ciency. It cannot but be desirable to become ac quainted with the facts here specified concerning the climate of Ceylon. It would appear on un questionable authority that it is very far from being so injurious in its effects as many foreign locali ties. The subjoined lines cn the subject will be acceptable : " The climate of Ceylon, from its physical configuration and insular detachment, contrasts favourably with that of the great Indian peninsula. Owing to the moderato dimen sions of the island, the elevation of its mountains, the very short space during which the sun is passing over it in his regression from or approach to the soltices, and its sur rounding seas being nearly uniform in temperature, it is exempt from the extremes of heating and cooling to which the neighbouring continent of India is exposed. From the same causes it is subjected more uniformly to the genial in fluences of the trade winds that blow over the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Eengal. " The island is seldom visited by hurricanes, or swept by typhoons, and the breeze, unlike the hot and arid winds of Coroinandel and the Darken, is always more or less re freshing. The range of the thermometer exhibits no vio lent chan g es , and never indicates a temperature insupport ably high. The mean on an annual average scarcely ex eeeds 80 deg. at Colombo, though in exceptional years it has risen to 86 deg. B u t a t no period of the day are dan gerous results to be apprehended from exposure to the sun ; and except during parts of the months of March and April, there is no season when moderate exercise is not practic able and agreeable. For half the year, from October to May, the prevailing winds are from the north-east, and during the remaining months the south-west monsoon blows steadily from the great Indian Ocean. The former, affected by the wintry chills of the vast tracts of land which it traverses before crossing, the Bay of Bengal, is subject to many local variations and intervals of calm. But the lat ter, after the first violence of its outset is abated, becomes nearly uniform throughout the period of its prevalence, and presents the character of an on-shore breeze extend ing over a prodigious expanse of sea and land, and exert • ing a powerful influence along the regions of southern Asia. " In Ceylon the proverbial fickleness of the winds, and the uncertainty which characterises the seasons in northern climates, is comparatively unknown ; and the occurrence of changes or rain may be anticipated with considerable accu racy in any month of a coming year. There are, of course, abnormal seasons with higher ranges of temperature, hea vier rains, or droughts of longer continuance, but such ex tremes are exceptional and rare. Great atmospheric changes occur only at two opposite periods of the year, and so gra dual is their approach that the climate is monotonous, and one longs to see again the falling of the leaf' to diversify the sameness of perennial verdure. The line is faint which divides the seasons. No period of the year is divested of its at length read the Riot Act, but without effect. With the exception, however, of a few shots, no actual fighting took place, and the troops retired for the night. Next day the battle began in earnest, the Intins numbering 3,500, and the Ben tils not more than 700. The latter, notwithstand ing their inferior numbers, fought with great courage. The arrival of Lieutenant Williams and his force about 9 a.m. put an end to the combat, but not before 15 men had been killed and 40 wounded. SIERRA LEONE, Dec. 21.—H.M.S. Sharpshooter arrived on the 20th, and sailed southward on the 21st. H.M.S. Surprise is undergoing repairs. Garland. of Plymouth, Phcenix and African Royal Mail steam-ship Cleopatra sailed December 17. BATHURST, Dec. 25.—Healthy, inhabitants keep. ing up Christmas in true English style. TENERIFFE, Dec. 31.—Ship James Shepherd, No news: MADEIRA, Jan. 2.--Placed in quarantine A.R.N ss. Armenian. LIST OF PASSENGERS.—From Brass : Mr. Mit chell. From Bonny : Lieutenant Glover, R.N , and servant; Mr. Walker, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Watts, four seamen. From Accra : Mr. Moffatt. From Cape Coast Castle; Mr. Small, Sergsant-Major Broadhurst. From Sierra Leone ; Mr. S. M. Carter, Mr. John Levi, J. Cuddy (distressed sea• man). From Bathurst : Captain, Brown, late Ist West India Regiment, C. A. Morphem, ditto. From Madeira ; seven distressed seamen from the Madras, and four from the Flying Foam. There were also three Portuguese, whom, the Athenian being placed in quarantine, the authorities would not allow to land, but requested Captain Lowry to take them on to Liverpool, and hand them over to the Portuguese consul there. LIT4.RATUR.E. Ceylon. By Sir James Emerson Tennent. Third Edition. Two vols. Longman. It is long since a work in every way so superior has appeared before the public as the one before us, and there is no reason to wonder at its remarkable success when its merits are taken into consideration. Its author has had the advantage of residing for many years in the island he describes to us, and he has made the best use of his time there, for these chronicles of Ceylon that are the results of his literary and scientific researches are of that nature and character, that an intellectual and cultivated generation will not willingly allow to be forgotten. It will be found on perusal that the work amply fulfils its promise en the title-page, of giving an account of the island, physical, historical, and topo graphical, with notices of its natural history, anti quities, and productions. It is also illustrated by maps, plans, and drawings. Comprehensive in design as this appears, the execution does not fall short in the graphical sketches before us. The arrangement of the various parts is very clearly and effectively made. The five divisions of the first volume are as follows :—Physi cal Geography ; Zoology ; The Singalese Chroni cles; Sciences and Social Arts ; and Medixval History. The author remarks in the introduction that " There is no island in the world, Great Britain itself not excepted, that has attracted the attention of authors in so many distant ages, and so many distant countries, as Cey lon. There is no nation in ancient or modern times possessed of a language and a literature the writers of which have _not, at some time, made it their theme." He goes on to say, however, that while it has been described by the classic Greeks, the Romans, by the writers of China, &c., and by the annalists and geographers of many other nations, there is a dearth of information concerning its state during recent periods and the present day. He has endeavoured to supply this want while giving a general history of the place; and the labour of the task may be sup posed when it is told that " for almost every particular and fact, whether physical or historical, I have been, to a great extent, thrown on my own researches, and obliged to seek for in formation in original sources." No better idea can be conveyed of the style of this fascinating book than in the following passage, which introduces it to the reader in its general aspect : seed-time and its harvest in some part of the island; and fruit hangs ripe on the same branches that are garlanded with opening buds. But as every plant has its own period for the production of its flowers and fruit, each mouth is characterised by its own peculiar flora. " As regards the foliage of the trees, it might be expected that the variety of tints would be wanting which forms the charm of a European landscape, and that all nature would wear one mantle of unchanging green. But it has been re marked by a tasteful observer that such is far from the fact, and though in Ceylon there is no revolution of seasons, the change of leaf on the same plant exhibits colours as bright as those which tinge the autumnal woods of America. It is not the decaying leaves, but the fresh shoots, which ex•• hibit these brightened colours, the older are still vividly green, whilst the young are bursting forth; and the extre mities of the branches present tufts of pale yellow, pink, crimson, and purple, which give them at a distance the ap pearance of a cluster of flowers." One of the most curious things mentioned in the accounts of the plants and trees is the strange growth of the fig-tree, whose seeds take root in an extraordinary manner. There is an engraving which represents "the marriage of the fig -tree with the palm." The original tree, strangled with the weight of its companion, at last dies, and leaves the intruder in undisturbed possession. These perse vering interloprs also assail the ancient monu ments of Ceylon. One, in a ruined edifice at Polla narrua, is the most conspicuous object of the place ; " its roots, streaming downwards over the walls as if they had once been fluid, follow every sinuosity of the building and terraces till they reach the earth." The palm is the most attractive, both in singularity and beauty, of all the trees in the forests of Ceylon. The leaves are converted into many uses for the Singalese, one of the most interesting being as " substitutes for paper, both for books and ordinary purposes." It is worthy of notice in how many various forms the palnzyra is of signal ser vice. The natives of the south boast of the hundred, uses to which the cocoa nut palm may be applied, and those of the northern provinces find their palmyra equally available. " Its fruit yields them food and oil, its juice palm wine and sugar, its stem is the chief material of their buildings, and its leaves, besides ser v i ng as roo f s t o their dwellings and fences to their farms, supply them with matting and bask e t s , with headdresses and fans, and serve as a substitute for paper for their deeds and writings, and for the sacred books which contain the traditions of their faith." In the chapter on the literature of the Singhalese we meet with details that arrest the attention ; in the ac count of the palm tree there is a description of the preparation of olas, which are strips taken from the leaves of the palm for the purpose of forming substitutes for paper. The books of the Singhalese are formed to-day, as they have been for ages past, of this strange material. In old times the Buddhist priesthood were the depositories of all learning and the dispensers of all knowledge. " On these palm leaves the custom is to write with an iron stile held nearly upright, and steadied by >t nick cut to receive it in the thumb-nail of the left hand, the furrow made by the pressure of the steel is rendered visible by the application of charcoal ground with a fragrant oil, to the odour of which the natives ascribe the remarkable state of preser vation in which their most sacred books are found, its aromatic properties securing the leaves from destruction by white ants and other insects." So many of the works are in Pali or Sanskrit that the Singalese can scarcely, it is said, be considered to possess a literature in their own dialect. It is strange that such is the passion for verse that nearly all Singalese works, in all times, are com posed in that form ; and perhaps some hopeless students here would be glad if the English writers followed the example of the writers of the nume rous grammars that are found in the island, for it is mentioned that "even the repulsive abstraction of Syntax have found an Alvarez, and been en veloped in metrical disguise.—The llrahawanso is mentioned as the chef dceuvre of Pali literature the compilation of the Buddhist priests. " It stands at the head of the historical literature of the East, unrivalled by anything extant in Hindustan, the wildness of whose chronology it controls; and unsurpassed, if it be equalled, b r the native a nna l s o f Chi na or K ashm i r. ' An account is given of Buddhism and Demon Wor ship, which conveys a very good idea of the gene ral state of the b island in re li g i ous matters; an d although the author prefaces it by stating that thei e exists considerable difficulty in the task, it will be found by the reader, ou perusal, that the sketch is so succinct and so skilfully arranged, that he can hardly fail to be familiar with the strange tenets of faith that have held permanent sway over the people from a time that may be considered loaf in the twilight of fable, and which still exert their mighty sway, and exercise their apparently moo trovertible influence. Buddhism is here emphati' cally designated as destitute of vitality. " Th e h o pes and fears of a Buddhist are at once mean and cir cumscribed; the rewards held in prospect by his oreed are insufficient to incite him to virtue, and its punishments too remote to deter him from via& Thus insufficient for time, and rejecting eternitif the utmost triumph of his religion is to live witl out fear and to die without hope." The followin% passage illustrates the impediments that hinder the progress of the missionaries, and frustrate their efforts towards Christianising the island : " Thus the outward concurrence of Christianity in those points on which it agrees with their own religion, has proved more embarrassing to the natives than th e i r p er• plexity as to others in which it essentially differs ; till at last, too timid to doubt and too feeble to inquire, they cling with helpless tenacity to their own superstition, and yet subscribe to the new faith simply by adding it on to the old. _ _ _ Combined with this state of irresolution a serious ob stacle to the acceptance of reformed Christianity by the Singhalese Buddhists has arisen froM the differences and disagreements between the various chiurches by whose mi' nisters it has been successively offered to them. In the persecution of the Roman Catholics by the Dutch, the sub sequent supersession of the Church of Holland by that of England, the rivalries more or less apparent between the Episcopalians and Presbyterians, and the peculiarities which separate the Baptists from the Wesleyan Methodists —all of whom have their missions and representatives it! Ceylon—the Singhalese can discover little more than theb they are offered something still doubtful and unsettled, in exchange for which they are pressed to surrender their owls ancient superstition. Conscious of their inability to decide on what has baffled the wisest of their European teachers to reconcile, they hesitate to exchange for an apparent WI. g ce e r n t e a r i a n t t i l o y n t s ha o t f w t h h e i h r a h n a c s e s b t e o e r n s, u a n n h d e si t whicha t i ng l c y o m believed bf mended to them by all the authority of antiquity ; and even when truth has been so far successful as to shake their coil' fidence in their national faith, the choice of sects which has been offered to them leads to utter bewilderment as to tho os t peculiar gflym or place it of Christianity with w hi c h they null m confidin re," We shall take an early opportunity of again refer ring to this admirable work, which offers subject) for attention and c ontemplation iu almost evert page. TILE NEW INDI4N GOVERNMENT AXD ITS PATRONAGE. There were two acknowledged difficulties in the settle' ment by Parliament of the home constitution for India 0 be substituted for the East India Company and Board ?f Control. These were, first, the control of expendit ure—in familiar term s , th e question who was to be vested with the power of the purse ; and, secondly, to whom was the patronge to be transferred which was then enjoyed by the East India Company, and distributed among the directoret who allotted a double share to the President of the Board of Control. These difficulties were fully recognised in the discussions which took place in the House of Commons in 1858, and it was especially for the purpose of meeting these that the Council established by the act of that year was made strong in number, and, by the conditions of election and of nomination with a declared tenure for life, as independent ie character as could well be devised. To the Council so cow stituted the a o t specifically gave th e con t ro l o f expen di tur e j requiring the con currence o f a ma j ority for every vote 0: money, and the s i gna t ure o f th ose mem b ers of the Council to every document for its issue. The military, which We the most important branch of patronage, was also sped& tally directed to be distributed among the members, as here' toforo among the directors of the East India Company, w ith a double share to the Secretary of State as president of the Council. One-tenth, however, was reserved to be a ppro' priated to the families of men who had deserved well by service in India upon any royal or local establishment. With respect to other services and establishments, it wee left to the Secretary of State in Council to make regulation/ for the patronage, which were to be eventually laid before Parliament. Such was the constitution established in 1858, now in the second year of its working. The Council shave not had easy times in finance, but the credit of India is now on the rise ; and it is likely, when the enormous military charge, occasioned by the necessity of sending upwards of 90,0 00 men of the line to subdue the rebellion of the Bengal Sepol regiments, shall be reduced, and that bran c h o f th e militia% have to be placed on its ordinary peace footing, the Council will again be able to lay before Parliament a balance-sheet proving India's ability to meet her own annual e x pense/ from annual revenue. It is m uc h t oo premature to bring this branch of the subject under review, and to inquire whether the control of the supposed independent Council has been efficient or otherwise in its management B utwith respect to the patronage, it is known to those wh° have made application at the East India-house, as well rif claimants on the . score of public serv i ces, as candidates who hoped for a nomination from the personal favour of mein' bers of the Council, that the answer they have received ief that there is to be no distribution of military patronage this year ; and with respect to all other services, that ther° have been no regulations yet established, bit the whole he been assumed by the Secretary of State as attaching to hie. office. This is lik e ly t o l ea d t o sad disappointment among " those classes of the community who, through past comae' tion with India, have had the lion's share of this patronage in some way distributed amongst them. It cannot, of coureel be pretended to judge of the grounds upon which the dis. tribution presented by law for their military patronage be e been suspended for this year. One of the avowed reason/ is said to be, that there are outstanding, and not taken uY by nominees, or not appropriated, nearly as many nomille tions to the Indian army as are usually made in one yee r ; This, even if true, is no sufficient reason; for, since . th introduction of examinations a year is given to a nounilef to pass them arid take up his appointment , this meat: of necessity, lead to appointments being a year behind' hand, just as would be the case if cadets were require". to pass a year at Sandhurst or any other military college.. There must evidently, therefore, be some other reascl fur suspending the operation, if not endeavouring to defet the act of Parliament, and a breach of faith with the Hon?: of Commons and the country in this r. spect ; and probably, the unsettled state of the question relating to the reorge% sation of the Indian army may h ave somet hi ng to do with This aught account fur suspending the issue of cadetsUlr Ch ar t their Which th at ti to earl but, it tined i which out x Alexa for Bc SMIB drawn to the f or thi At t held to the rat 24 per rate of Was d tflously Am in the Campt discus: The The have be Prices II C OUntiE and Sol l 'ancasi 'end N ( british, ilviret l ei n sttee t d h r. . 12 ; G d Sai The G rand St e,413 13). 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