The Sun. — London, England, 1860-07-05 00:00:00

THE 2' EARLY DISTRIBUTION OF PRIZES AT CTIVERSITI COLLEGE. The yearly ceremony of distributing prizes to the successful students attending this University was performed yesterday. Lord Stanley, M.P., was called an to preside. The attendance was numerous, and included, among others, with the professors and students, Sir Edward Ryan, Lord Fortescue, Mr. George Grote, Sir Francis Gold amid, M.P., Mr. John Miller, Mr. Edward Romilly, Dr. Booth, &c. The CHAIRMAN, who was received with loud ap plause, expressed the pleasure he felt in being called on to preside on the occasion. He did not consider it necessary for him to state the object of the meet ing, as they were anxious to hear the report read, and to congratulate those students who had gained the prizes of the year. Prof. NEWMAN, the Dean, read the report of the session, and the various professors each read a list otthe successful prize candidates and those thought worthy of commendation in his own class, •Nhen the latter came forward in the following order, and re ceived their prizes from the hands of the chair man :- FACULTY OF ARTS AND LAWS.-SESSION 1859-60. ANDREWS SCHOLARSHIP, for proficiency in Latin, Greek, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy.-Examiners, Professors Newman, Malden, and Potter, Mr. John C. Addyes Scott, A.M., Fellow of University College, Lon don, and Mr. J. R. You ng . £6O Scholarship.---Julian Goldsmid, of London. A Scholarship of £6O was also awarded to Mr. George Ralli, but as that gentleman did not purpose to continue his studies in the College, he could not hold the scholarship. JEWS' COMMEMORATION SCHOLARSHIP, of £l5 a year, tenable for two years, awarded to the stude n t o f th e F acu lty of Arts of not m ore than one year's standing in the College who was found to be most distinguished by general profi ciency and good conduct.-Scholar (1858-59).-Nathaniel Nathan, of London. LATlN(ProfessorNewman).-Senior Class-Prize 1. John Arthur Owen ; Prize 2, Alfred A. Tupp. Certificates-3. Theodore Waterhouse ; 4th, equal, Nathaniel Nathan, Edwin C. Such, Charles T. Martin, T. E. Jevons ; sth, equal, Benjamin Kisch, of London, Stanley K. Welsh ; 6th, equal, Edwin Waterhouse, Ernest C. Benecke, T. C. Jarvis, John Moxon ; 7th, Ernest Satow. Junior Class.- Prize 1. James E. Odgers. Prize 2. W. H. Brown. Cer • tificates 3, Nowrojee Cawasjee Pohcha, of Bombay; 4th, equal, Richard Pilcher, J. Hawthorn Kitson, James Ernest Clapham; sth, equal, C. J. Albrecht, Framjee Bomanjee Cama, of Bombay ; 6th, equal, J. Howard Gurney ; E. H. Busk; 7th, James Charter. MATHEMATICS.-111 consequence of the illness of Pro fessor De Morgan no announcement of the result of the examinations in the Class of Mathematics was received. The award of the prizes and certificates in these classes was necessarily postponed. GREEK (Professor Malden).-Extra Class.-Prize, Edwin Waterhouse. Certificates. -2. Alfred Roscoe ; 3. Alfred C. Tupp ; 4. William Jardine ; 5. Benjamin Kisch; 6. Thomas Edwin Jevons. Senior Class.-Prizes, equal- Henry Enfield Dawson, Robert R. Hyatt. Certificates, equal-3. Henry Lister, G. Franklin Browne; 5. John A. 0 wen ; 6. equal, E. C. Benecke, Campbell Orme, Thomas H. Hepburn; 9. Charles T. Martin • 10. equal, Frederick W. Janson, Ernest M. Satow; 11. John Moxon ; 13. Charles F. Fester ; 14. Edwin C. Such ; 15. Frederick W. Paterson. Junior Class.-Prizes-1. George S. Joseph , 2. J. Hawthorn Kitson. Certificates-3. William Henry Brown ; 4. James E. Odgers ; 5. Samuel Walker ; 6. R. Pilcher; 7. Edward H. Busk; 8, James E. Clapham; 9. John Collins Baker. HEBREW (Professor Marks).-Prize, John A. Owen. Certificate, 2. James Spear. ENGLISH (Professor Masson).-Senior Class.-Prize 1, Alfred Roscoe ; prize 2, Edwin Waterhouse and J. Clifford, equal. Certificates-4. Campbell Orme and E. Davis, equal ; 6. H. H. Watson ; 7. Alfred C. Tupp ; 8. equal, F. W. Jan son, Henry Peto, and James De Wet. Junior Class.- Prize 1. J. Ernest Clapham ; prize 2. A. Shields, S. Walker. Certificates-4. J. C. Haigh; 5. E. W. Satow; 6. equal F. W. Paterson and E. Winterbotham ; 8. E. H. Busk 9. H. Lucas ; 10. equal, Framjee B. Cama, and J. Charter. FRENCH (Professor _Framjee 1. Arthur Wagg; prize 2. Henry L. Smith ; pnze 3. C. J. Albrecht, Cer tiftcates-4. J. Clifford ; 5. J. E. Clapham ; 6. James P. De Wet ; 7. F. Frederick Churchill. GERMAN (Professor Heimann).-Senior Class.-Prize, Benjamin Kisch. Certificates, 2. 'George S. Joseph ; 3. J. P. De Wet. Junior Class.-Prize ' F. W. Paterson, Certificates, 2. E. H. Busk ; 3. J. J. Fletcher ; W. H. Cormack ; 5. Samuel Walker. ITALIAN (Signor Maggionid.-Prize, Julian Goldsmid. Certificates-2. Elim D'Avig or; 3. Henry Lucas. COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR Tram= Key).-Prize 1. Theodore Waterhou se . Prize equal, Julian Goldsmid, Alfred C. Tupp. Certific a t es -4. Edwin Waterhouse; 5. J. H. Kitson ; 6. W. Jardine,. J. P. De Wet. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY (Professor Potter)-Senior Ma thematical Class.-Prize, Jonas Ashton. Certificates-2. Thomas P. Gaskell ; 3, equal, Thomas H. Hepburn, Ho ratio N. Grimley, Henry C. Fox. Junior Mathematical Class.-Prize 1. Henry C. Watson ; 2. George de Mor gan. Certificates-3. John R. Blakiston; 4. S. Kemp Welch. Experimental Class.-Prize 1. Nowrojee Cowasjee Pohcha, of Bombay ; 2. George S. Joseph ; 3. equal, Geo. W. Knox, William H. Brown. Certificates-4. C. B. Bright ; 5. R. Ramsey Morton ; 6. C. J. A. Albrecht. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (Professor Williamson.)- Gold medal, Richard T. Key. Silver medal, C. Houghton Gill. Certificate, 3. Henry Curtis. PHILOSOPHY OP MIND AND LOGIC (Professor Hoppus). -General Course.-Prizes equal, Theodore Waterhouse, W. Stanley J evons . Certificates, 2. Thomas E. Jevons : 3. Francis Kossuth ;4. Louis Kossuth. Logic prise, Ed win Waterhouse. History of Philosophy.-Certificates, 1. equal, Theodore Waterhouse Francis Kossuth; 2. Louis Kossuth. History of 'Mor a l Philosophy.-Certificates, 1. Theodore Waterhouse ; 2. equal, Benjamin Kisch, Francis Kossuth; 3. equal, Louis Kossuth, Astley Weston. ARCHITECTURE (Professor Donaldson).-Fine Art-Ist year, prize, Edward Mawley ; 2d year, prize, Ernest Beck. Certificates, 2. John Henry Tarring; 3. 'Francis Nibbs. Construction.-lst year prize, Edward Mawley. Certificate, C. H. Bright i 2d year prize, Francis Nibbs. Certificate, John H. Tarring. CIVIL ENGINEERING (Professor Pole).-Prize, James N. Schoolbred. Certificates, 1. Louis Kossuth ; 2. Francis Kossuth. GEOLOGY (Professor Morris).-Prize 1. G. Davis ; 2. F. W. Janson ; 3. J. Goldsmid. Certificates, 4. equal, Thomas P. Gaskell, H. C. Fox, G. W, Knox, 11. C. Lister ; 5. Henry Curtis. BOTANY (Professor Lindley). - Junior Class.-Silver medal, Jabez Carter. Certificates, 2. Henry Curtis ; 3. Alexander Bruce; 4. John C. Leach. ZOOLOGY (Professor Giant).-Silver medal, Ebenezer Diver. Certificate, George Adams. POLITICAL ECONOMY (Professor Waley).-Prize, Her bert 11. Cozens Hardy. Certificates, 2 ; 3. equal, W. Stan ley Jevons, Marcus N. Adler; 5. equal, Julian Goldsmid, Robert E. Graves ; 7. W. Jardine. ENGLISH LAW (Professor Russell).-Prize, Samuel H. Behrend, M.A. Certificates, 2. 'Villeneuve Smith; 3. Richard B. Pugh. ENGLISH ESSAY PRIM-Subject, "Toleration in Mat ters of Opinion." (Examiner, Professor Masson.) £5 prize, Theodore Waterhouse. LATIN PROSE ESSAY.-Prize given by Reading-room Society. Subject, " The Double Royalty of Sparta." (Ex • aminer, Professor Newman.) prize, Theodore Water house. The CHAIRMAN, after the prizes had been distri buted, in rising to address the students, referred with satisfaction to the statement of the Dean with reference to efficient discipline, and then proceeded as follows :-It now devolves upon me to say a few words in reference to the interesting ceremony which we have just witnessed • and I assure the authorities of this college that it is with more than common satisfaction that I under take a duty which has been performed in ear lier years by some of the most eminent public characters of our generation ; for, on looking to the list of your chairmen from 1828 to the present time, I find the names of Lord Lansdow ne, Lord Macaulay, the present Foreign Secretary, and the late Lord Grey, while there is one name, not less distinguished, which it would be, indeed, strange to find absent from any undertaking in which the cause of educa tion and of intellectual freedom was concerned that of the first ploncer of popular teachinc , in this country-that of your honoured and venerable pre sident, Lord Brougham. In former years this col• lege was remarkable as being the only one of its class available, equally, and without distinction, to persons of every religious profession ; that charac teristic is now less singular than of old ; but it is only less singular because the principles of which the first practical working was exhibited here have made their way deep into the public mind, and have even to some extent modified the practice of the two ancient ecclesiastical universities of this coun try. But it is not only to every variety of belief that your doors stand open. You have here students from the remotest portions of the colonial empire of England, men of all races, of all nations, of every complexion, acquiring within these walls that in sight into nature which is derived from science, and which has been stored up by the labours of those who have gone before us for the benefit, not of any one nation, but of mankind. When one reads on the rolls of this college names which represent the descendants of the early Dutch colonists of the Cape -when one hears of the African of the west, and the Parsee from India, meeting in the same lecture rooms and competing for the same prizes-one's first thought is, how wide the influence of England spreads-one's second thought, how cosmopolitan is the power of science. There is one characteristic of this college, as of the University of which it forms Parts, which I ought not to pass without notice. You were among the first to break in upon the old routine Whi ch practically almost limited English teaching et aailiattl and mathematical study. Here, too, the Old h Universities have followed your lead ; both at ogxe much has been done in this respect there still t r e d and Cambridge, yet practically it is proficiency sem e 5 re that classical and mathematical valuable end() opt s' hi g h es t pr i zes an d t h e most branches o f study a 'a r t e s, while other more recent this place lam info comparatively neglected. In student who has ta ken is otherwise ; and a natural philosophy, ei t i he .highest honours in languages, is not looked u g l atrY, or in modern rior to one whose special aca a s . in any way infe direction of Latin or Greek: ulernen am glad also to ts lie in the learn that much stress is laid, b who direct the course of teaching here, on i3l:th t ho se gh, and (if I may so speak) a scientific k nowlei r o e u of the lan w ar e o ay s te t r c f o u l - 1 guage with which we Englishmen cerned-I mean English. No word me in disparagement of classical liter e from re I know its value too well ; but it Seems st r ; ange, in a country where so many men are familiar with every ' dialect of Greek and every variety of classical style , there should he comparatively so few who have really made themselves acquainted with the origiu,', the hi*tery, and the gradual development into its present form of that mother-tongue which is already spoken over half the world, which is destined to yet further geographical extension, and which em bodies many of the noblest thoughts which have ever issued .from the brain of man. To use words with precision you ought to know their history as well as their present meaning; and, depend upon it, it is the plain Saxon phrase—not the term bor rowed from Greek or Roman literature—that whether in speech or writing, goes straightest and strongest to men's heads and hearts. And now, passing from these matters, let me offer my hearty congratulations—and here I am sure I am entitled to speak in the name of this assembly—to those who have appeared here to receive their prizes to-day. It is always a pleasant task to speak words of approval and encouragement to those who are entering on active life, when the approval is well borne out by facts, and when the encouragement can be given without holding out delusive hopes. I believe there are few after-successes which a man can obtain which give him half the pleasure of these early triumphs of school and college. He may win battles ; he may write books which half Europe shall read; he may rise to the head of his profession, or take part in the government of his country; but he will sel dom again, unless he is more fortunate than the majority of those who have become eminent before men, receive a reward which no one envies him, which every one admits to be legitimately his, which comes to him embittered by no jealousy and saddened by no regret. I say, then, to those who have won the prizes of this day, don't be ashamed of enjoying the honours you have gained ; they have been well competed for, they are hardly earned, they are fairly yours, and I think I know enough of the feeling of young men to say that even among those who have themselves been not so fortunate there is not one who grudges or who wishes them less. But while you look back with pleasure on what you have done, remember, that in the struggle of this world, in the keen competition of all classes and of all professions, it is not allowed to any one to look back, except for a moment, as a max climb ing a hillside pauses to take breath, to see the height he has gained and to calculate how much of the ascent remains. In your case,little, very little has yet been accomplished. Your work has been prac tice for the battle, not the battle itself. You have, however, gained some real advantages from your present position. You have the advantage of a good start—we all remember the old saying, "well begun is half done"—yox have had some degree of attention called to your names, and you have ex cited expectations which it will be with you a point of honour to satisfy. You have mastered for the present—you may lose it again, many men do, but you have it now—the habit of continual and mental application—a very rare habit, so far as I can judge, in any occupation where real mental exertion is required. And you have acqiired the right to feel—which in many moods of mind and many circumstances of life, it will be almost necessary for your support and encouragement that you should feel—a reasonable reliance on your own powers, a reasonable conviction that if opportunities fall in your way (or rather, I will say, when opportunities fall in your way, for sooner or late they come to all), they will not be lost for want of capacity to use them. Ido not know that I can give you, stand ing here, any counsel which will be better than the promoting of your own honourable ambition, acting upon fresh and unexhausted energies like yours. The most appropriate encouragements, the most useful warnings, are those which, formally repeated from this place, would sound the most familiar and the most commonplace. In former, aid even in very recent days, it was a common fashion for young men of talent (ay, and for older men too) to affect to disparage industry as the resource of the plod ding and of the dull, and to conceal the labours which their works had cost them. The common sense of the present age has got rid of that folly, and no rule is more certainly recognised in all departments of intellectual labour than this—that real work, work which will stand the test of time and the criticism of competent judges, can never be the result of hasty or careless or desultory efforts. I believe that law is universal, and that it applies even to those branches of study or of business in which action has to be taken on the spur of the moment, without the possibility of special prepara tion. We have heard at the bar, or in Parlia ment, men whose instantaneous command of words, whose readiness of thought as well as of expression, seems the effect of instinct rather than of training ! but what is the secret of that readi ness ? Why this—that the mind has previously been so exercised on similar subjects that not merely the necessary words but the necessary arguments and combinations of thought have become, by practice, as intuitive as those motions of the body by which we walk, or speak, or do any habitual and familiar act. One man will pore and perplex himself over a difficult point, be it in law, in science, what you will ; another will come in and see at a glance where the difficulty lies and what is the solution. Does that necessarily prove that the latter has more natural genius ? No, but it proves that his faculties have been sharpened by familiarity with such topics; and the ease with which he now does his work, so far from proving that he has always worked with ease, is a measure, so to speak, of the labour with which he has pre pared himself for doing it. You will not suppose that I am denying the wide differences of organisa tion which exist between man and man, or that I hold, as some wise men professed to do in the last century, that we are all born with equal gifts, and that only education makes one to excel another. But this, I say, and with a deep conviction of its truth, that the tendency of all of us is to over rate those natural differences, and to underrate the extent to which they lie within our power to modify or to increase. I am sure that we should one and all be startled if, taking any large number of young men of nearly the same age, and ascertaining what was thought in their schooldays of their relative capacities, we were to compare the judgment formed then with the actual result in later life. It is not, probably, that the early judgment was mistaken, but in the long run success has de pended, even in purely intellectual pursuits, on moral quite as much as on intellectual qualities. The stronger brain, unworked or overworked, has lost its tone ; the weaker, steadily and moderately exercised, has gained in power until the positions of the two are the reverse of what they once were. And to this rule of labour which I lay down, it is no answer to cite the cases of eminent men who have been eminent apparently with little of exer tion. It is no answer, becanse you cannot prove the fact. What is industry, and what is idleness? One man may sit all day over his books, and yet do but little in that time ; another, of less outwardly, regular habit, applies himself intensely during the hours that he is at work, and never wholly loses sight of the object which he has in view. I am not disparaging the value of regularity and method ; what I contend for is, that where you see men suc cessful whose professional preparation has not been marked by those qualities, you ara not therefore to assume that they have been idlers, who have made their way by the f orce o f genius alone. Whatever a man's habits and outward show of life may be, depend upon it no man ever reached eminence in any department who did not concentrate the whole of his mind on that pursuit. When once a man has thrown himself heart and soul, into the turmoil and anxiety of professional life, there is not for him much more—in 99 cases out of 100 there is no more—of that free and liberalising study which has for its object, not the sharpening of one special faculty, but the development of the mental powers as a whole. It may be a matter of regret that the fact should be so, but the fact is so, and the inference I would draw from it is seriously to warn you (and I know the i warning is not superfluous) to resist, so far as you reasonably and prudently may, that natural and al most universal impatience which prompts men con scious of capacity for active life to throw aside their books and rush into business at the earliest moment, under the impression that they have no time to lose, that there is nothing more they need learn, and that th e best preparat i on for work is the work itself. No m an , I am certain, he eve m r k igh n t ew ha th ve e work of his profession as well as known it, who did not go a good deal beyond his profession. You can't isolate any one branch of " This is my p rov i nce ; to human thought, and say, everything outside of it I am indifferent." The narrowness of mind which a merely one-aided cul ture produces not only spoils the man for being anything more than a tool, but even prevents him from being as useful a tool as he might become. Study, therefore, as long as in prudence you can, and don't fear that life will not be long enough to reap what you have sown. I that any one gets implanted into very nto his seldom mind happens a n idea worth keeping there without finding sooner or later, the means of turning it to account. One word more. Most of those whom I address I presume are destined for professional life. The risks of pro fessional life are great, and it would be idle to tell men whose fortunes depend on success not to be anxious or uneasy as to the result. There come to us, whatever our occupation, moments of doubt and despondency, such as iry the most constant natures and overcloud the brightest prospects. Such trials of fortitude cannot be wholly escaped ; but they may be lessened. They depend in part on physical causes ; the peens sana must lodge in corpore rano ; and it should be a rule with every one whose aims in life are high never to sacrifice the future to the present—never, in his anxiety to accomplish some immediate result, to neglect the warning which nature gives of exhausted strength and energies overtaxed. You are engaged in a race which is to la-lt . . pot fora few weeks or months, but for all yotr lives , and in such a race success will ultimately turn on endurance far more than on speed. But, THE SUN, LONDON' , THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 5, 1860. further, though it is easier to preach philosophy than to practice it, yet if any one of you can say honestly to himself " I will make it my first object, not to succeed, bat to deserve successs ; I will accept contentedly whatever fortune sends, pro vided only I can feel I have done my best," I say, if any man can sincerely hold that language, and keep his spirits to that high pitch, he is more likely than another to obtain the prizes of life, simply because his mind is more free from disturb ing influences—because he can more fully command that inward peace, that even and dispassionate temper, without which I believe no great intel lectual feat was ever accomplished—without which I am sure, no genuine happiness was ever yet secured. Accept, gentlemen, my congratulations on the past, my warm good wishes for your future, and may you so bear yourselves that these who stand here in my place, a generation hence, may be proud to name your names as an example and encouragement to those who succeed you, and to say of you, " He was a student at University Col lege." Lord FORTESCUE proposed a vote of thanks to his Lordship, which was carried by acclamation. itself again to the two great nations of the West to apply their united forces to the benefit of the human race. Austria, Russia, and Prussia herself happen, at one and the same time, notwithstanding their numberless soldiers, to labour under a state of weakness and disorganisation. They are thG very oppressors of Poland, but they do not only weigh heavily upon their Polish subjects, they at the same time trample upon binding treaties. The let ter of the treaties which bind them towards Europe and Poland has proved a deception ; but the spirit of those enactments is clear—it stipulates emphati cally that the Polish nation, upon the whole extent which it possessed before the first dismemberment in 1772, and under whatever Governments she re mains, shall preserve its national life and such re presentative institutions as can best secure nationa lity. Upon that ground Great Britain and France may, whenever they choose, open the question ; and if they do not in due time find the proper op portunity for it, they cannot plead that they have wanted the power, they must acknowledge that as Christian nations they were not true to their duty. But I repel the supposition. I am ready to acknow ledge that hitherto we ourselves may have failed in showing to demonstration that we had profited by the lessons of misfortune, that we are no more the nation which, after centuries of heroic deeds, allowed herself to be overtaken in sleep, but that we are both awakened to our duties and taught how best to perform them. As to this latter assertion you will be pleased, gentlemen, to hear in what words, at one of the great courts of Europe, the ambassador of one of the sovereigns who hold Poland in bond age was heard to confirm it. After deploring the difficulties weighing upon his government, he said, " A new danger henceforth threatens us ; Polonism is decidedly awakening and growing upon us." May God grant that the truth of these words should soon be confirmed by signs every day more unques tionable, and may those signs speak to the hearts and minds of the two great nations of the West ! POE.RIO ON THE NEAPOLITAN GOVERNMENT. During a debate which took place on Friday in the Sardinian Parliament on Neapolitan affairs, Baron Poerio was urged by his friends to address the house, and in a clear, manly, sonorous tone, by no means impaired by the ill-health under which he has so long been labouring, and with a fluency and elegance of speech characteristic of the southern Italians, said— " It was my intention to address a few questions to the hon. President of the Council of Ministers respecting the late events in Naples as soon as I had collected sufficient information ; but as my hon. friend the Deputy Mancini, in giving his opinion on the merits of the present question, has spoken at full length on the subject, and as the hon. Minister of the Interior has given an answer with which I, taking into consideration the reserve suggested by present circumstances, declare myself highly satis fied, I may perhaps be allowed to associate myself to the wishes so elegantly expressed by my hon. friend, and to add a few plain words. No doubt the instinct of self-preservation urges governments as well as individuals to those resolutions which at first glance seem the most desperate. A drowning man, hopeless of any other escape, will, in the agony of death, cling to and catch at any object within his reach. I, therefore, can well understand that the Government of Naples, which up to this moment was always the most fierce and implacable foe to Italian nationality—that Government which, with the most cowardly obstinacy, persecuted the gene rous men who aspired to that common object, should now all at once change its language, and put forth words of independence, patriotism, and nationality, seeking the protection and refuge of this Government, and suing, at least, for its moral support. Gentlemen, I have often seen men laden with the most hideous crimes, when brought before the court which is to try them and unable to deny their offences, put forward words of com punction and repentance. Every Government, gentlemen, has its traditions, from which it cannot depart. We need no argument to be convinced of this truth. The traditions of the Neapolitan Go vernment are hereditary perjury. The new King, almost to prove the legitimacy of his descent, is preparing to perjure himself, and, in order to qua lify himself for the task of forswearing himself, he must first swear. It is with that view that lie de clares himself ready to swear constitutions and al liances. His object in proposing an alliance with the King's Government is obvious. He is only meditating the re-conquest of Sicily. These are the old fox-like wiles of the Neapolitan Govern ment. As these have thrice availed them, they hope even now, from the same arts, to attain the same results. But, if these are very clearly the intentions of the Government of Naples, there is also no doubt but the Government of the King—of that King who for the last 12 years has held aloft the banner of Italian nationality, will never desert its post, never will associate itself with a faith breaking Government, a Government by the nature .of its very institutions an implacable foe to Italian regeneration. I therefore trust that the King's Ministers, following up the national Italian policy which they have so nobly pursued heretofore, will never press the hand of that :Government which has so long combated our independence, waging against us that secret subterranean war which is very often so much more injurious than an open war. As I am intimately convinced that the King's Government will fulfil this sacred duty—a duty imposed upon them by all their foregoing policy and by the future of Italy—as a member of this Parliament, whereon rest the hopes of Italy, I declare that I give my full assent to this bill, being certain that all the means entrusted to the Govern ment by the vote of the representatives of the nation will always be employed for the increase of the public prosperity, and for the future welfare of Italy." (Bravo ! bravo ! loud applause.) and moral, were the exclusive objects dis cussed in those meetings or elaborated in special committees. And this it was precisely which caused the Russian Government last month to issue an order which, though pretending to leave in existence the agricultural society, forbids the greatest part of its labours, and particularly insists upon the prize medals or rewards allotted to such inhabitants as cannot appear in person at Warsaw being for warded to them, not through the authorised corre spondents of the society, but by the Russian local officials. And no wonder, for whatever is profitable to a Polish community must under any of the three spoilers of Poland be looked at with a profound distrust, and with that hatred which the offender ever feels for his victim, until she lies prostrate and senseless. To escape such hatred and distrust, a Pole must neither be religious, nor simply honest, nor well-informed, nor rich. But in that very hatred and suspicion, friends of Poland, trusting in God's mercy and in the approaching era of justice amongst nations, may find fresh motives of perse verance : for blood and tears cannot be drawn from a corpse ; and, in truth, Poland is a daily scene of blood and tears. Yet this is not all that friends of Poland may be comforted with. The Polish nation not only lives ; its life is laborious, patient, per severing, and bears the manifest stamp of improve ment towards political maturity. I'll mention one single feature of it. Wherever they are allowed to act in a body, we rejoice in seeing most gratifying readiness to support chosen leaders by a willing discipline. It is the case at Warsaw ; it is also the case in Prussian Poland, whence the members elected for the Berlin parliament, about thirty in number, never appear, never speak in any of the two houses composed of Germans, but as the authorised delegates of their fellow members, representing that part of Poland which by the public law of Europe is annexed to Prussia, not incorporated. Such a body of men in a province is in itself a lead ing power for the vital forces of the country, an enlightened and steady moderator of its energies and generous impulses, and a safeguard against all premature, intemperate, or wickedly suggested 1 outbursts of disgust and impatience, however strong be the motives and occasions for it. And now, my lords and gentlemen, I beg of you to grant me another instant of attention, and I beg at the same time to threw myself upon your indul gence. I thanked you with all may heart as friends of Poland; to you, as Britons, I confess, I cannot refrain from expressing some anxiety. I am an old admirer of your country, and one who might perhaps deserve the name of a staunch and delibe rate friend of England. I may then be allowed to express my profound regret at the present state of politics between your powerful country and your no less powerful neighbour, France. Concert be tween these two nations and Governments has been for centuries, and more still in latter years, the wish and aspiration of all good and truly wise men, and on the other hand it was the best hope and expectation of all those who suffered from in justice or oppression. England and France may be said to be the heart of civilisation, and the seat of that power which in the long run rules above all powers, however mighty in appearance, I mean public opinion. I emphatically beg to repeat it— Great Britain and France, when acting in concert, are all-powerful over the rest of the human race ; and not so because of their armies, fleets, and trea sures, but because their civilisation, which is the offspring of Christian revelation itself, actually The Government will be called upon to-morrow rules over the minds and convictions of the whole of mankind. United they can do good without to state its determination on the vexed question limit; indifferent to one another, or, worse still, of that portion of the coming Census relating to estranged and distrustful of each other, they are a "religious profession," and we hope will be pre dead-weight upon the community of men and pared to give a reply that will render further nations; instead of leading all of them prudently agitation unnecessary. N o v alid reason has been assigned for departing from the method adopted in but surely into the path of justice and right, they 1851, and if the results had only been in favour of sow among nations and governments the seeds of Episcopacy, we should not have heard of any pro future wars, and may, in the end, bring upon them- posal now to advert to a different method. It cer selves the most frightful retaliation of Providence, tainly took the country by surprise to learn that the by a war—a truly fratricidal war—and a mutual majority of persons actually attending on public destruction, such as history never recorded. When worship were Dissenters, and the Bishop of Oxford, I express my regret and anxiety as to the idea of a well knowing that this fact would operate in a possible war between Great Britain and France, manner unfavourable to his schemes, lost no time in being as it were in both countries the topic of the denouncing these returns, and asserting that they day, do not think, gentlemen, that I any way must be false. From the time when this unfavour advert to the great sacrifices which both at able feet was brought to light there has been a this moment undertake for defence and arma- determination to prevent a recurrence to a method ments. Nothing could be further from what I feel. which might confirm this unfavourable discovery, When last week I witnessed that grand and never- and even show after ten years a still larger majo equalled spectacle of the volunteers of Great Bri- rity in support of Dissent. tain reviewed by their gracious Queen, their per- The determination of the Bishop of Oxford and fectly wonderful military bearing caused me no- the strong party of which he is the leader and the thing but the heartiest pleasure. Andwhen I hear life, has placed Lord Palmerston and his Govern that the Queen's regular army is now double what ment in a position of very great difficulty. Those it was before the late Russian war, and that the who are alarmed at the truth, and have reason to British Parliament had at last determined to attend fear that the truth of 1861 will be even less favour to the warnings of its best captains and statesmen able than the truth of 1851, have been very active by devoting large sums to army, navy, and defences, and persevering in their appeals to the Ministry, I unhesitatingly conclude that the time is near ap- and whatever influence they could scrape together proaching when England, safe at home and suffi- they have brought to bear with all its force. The ciently armed, will repudiate that pretended wis- natural fear of the Government is, that it must give dom and pretended charity which begins at home, dissatisfaction and make enemies whatever course and will feel inclined to use her force for doing it may take, and in this position it will be the wis good to others, since that force will have become dom of Government to look at the question in its effective and ever ready at hand. I know, though real merits, and to make no change merely for the it may not be in this audience, that I may be ex- purpose of pleasing a party. Dissenters ask posed to the reproach of wishing Great Britain to simply that no change may be made, and when run into Quixotic adventures, and I will not deny political bishops and their supporters call for one that, to my feeling, had the celebrated Spanish they should remember that the onus probandi falls Saladine not been mad, he would have left a good upon them, and the least they can do is to give a deal that is worthy of imitation by many who think good reason, or, if they can, a number of reasons, themselves wise. But while giving to wisdom and prudence their due right, I trust I may be allowed why the Government should' go out of its way, and to say of great nations and Governments what depart from the course on which it has already would be a truism when applied to great men alai entered. families in their respective countries, viz., that if We confess we have not yet heard or read any favoured by birth or accident with greater me ans thing approaching to a good reason why the than their fellow-men, they cannot, with ou t i ncur - method of 1851 should not now be repeated. It has been urged that the plan formerly adopted ring deserved reproach on the part of the latter, encouraged false returns ; but it is impossible withdraw from public burdens, and by shutting to substantiate such a charge. Certainly that themselves up in the mere enjoyment of riches and method gave no advantage to the Dissenter which talent, deprive their country of the benefit she had was not given also to the Episcopalian. If Dissen a right to expect at their hands. Aftei*using this ters could pack the chapel, churchman could as word talent, I may perhaps be allowed to draw an easily pack the church. If the officers of a chapel example from the highest source. Every one of could exaggerate their numbers, could not the you, gentlemen, remembers the lot which was as- officers of a church do the same ? Something has signed to the man in the Gospel who had buried his THE PATRIOT " CRIMINALS!" been said as to certain places, in which greater talent. But again, lam told "France can never be • numbers are reported as being in chapels than trusted. What is the object for which France goes We have recently seen an interesting list of the could be found in the communities in favour of which they were reported, but the same was on arming a formidable fleet ?" Without being several political and military leaders at present at in the confidence of France and o f h er E mperor , th e h ea d of the Sicilian movement—a list which affirmed in referen ce t o c h urc h es , It i s diffi cu lt, I think I may answer the question w ith some t e lls a wondrous tale of how the whirligig of time but not impossible, to a d o pt some e ff ec t ua l m e thod ehance of being right. Why, gentlemen, France brings abOut its revenge. It appears from that of checking all these returns; but we must not wants to have a. fleet precisely f or th e same mot i ve cur i ous d ocu ment that all the eminent men w h o that you want to have a larger army than yo u re - n ow so distinguished a part in the emancipa- play suppose the false addition or multiplication of numbers to be all on one side. We have been told quired before so many and admirable inventions tion of Southern Italy, have, at one time or other, of one church into which 1,000 persons entered on deprived you of the security your insular position been sentenced, for their political acts and ; op; -ons, the Census Sunday of 1851, and when a shrewd old hitherto gave you. You must now have a strong to punishments which, in the parlance of the crimi defensive army, because France may som e d a y use nal code of despots, are generally called infainant— Scotch wife heard the statement, she replied that " That kirk must have been a very unlucky one if come out." hers for aggression. And France is determined to that is, suitable to common felons. What is still 1,000 persons entered it, as no one saw above 50 have a strong fleet because, however strong for a more striking in the catalogue we refer to, is the continental war, she cannot bear the mere appear- fact that even the Government of Piedmont—not Then, again, it is urged that the actual attend ance of her policy even being influenced by a vague only the despotic one which existed under Charles feeling of your superiority at sea. I rejoice in see- Albert before 1848, b u t even th a t o f th e presen t worthy members may be laid up on Census Sunday ing France providing herself with a powerful fleet, King—has been found to prose cu t e , i n f ormer and una b le to atten d, an d so not be duly reported just as I rejoice to see Great Britain provided with years, patriots who they now requite the sufferings ante test may operate very unfairly, as many in favour of the Church. This has been said by the a powerful and ready army. I trust nothing is endured by working for the aggrandisement of the party who are working with the Bishop of Oxford ; more calculated to put an end to a reciprocal petty very same Power. but need any one tell them that the cause to which jealousy, and when that is realised, I trust, more- To begin with Garibaldi, whose name of course they refer must operate quite as much against the over, that the two nations will find it far easier to stands first and foremost, we see that, in 1834, he Dissenters as against Episcopacy ? We suppose we combine their forces for the improvement of the con- was condemned at Genoa to a " dishonourable s hall not be told that, while many Church people dition of men at large. Observe, gentlemen, that death" on account of conspiracy, and that he was will be laid aside and kept from church, all Dis all-powerful for doing good when united, these two declared an " outlaw," exposed to public vengeance seaters will be well enough to go to chapel. We nations are powerless to combine for evil. Public as an " enemy of the country," and to be treated as have looked somewhat carefully into the statistics opinion in each of them might be blinded as to what " a brigand of the first class," so that his life was of population for various purposes, but we have not they do themselves • but each would blush, and ac- at the mercy of whosoever thought proper to take at any time discovered th a t th e ra t e o f s i c k ness i s tually revolt at the sight of any evil task being it ! This much for his persecutions under the old less in the meeting than in the parish church. Th e undertaken in concert and complicity with an asso- regime of absolutistic principles and priestly in - Bishop of Oxford is known to be a man of rema r k_ ciate. Unwilling to bear the self-reproach which fluence, which prevailed with the House of Savoy able ingenuity, and if any one could make such a in their present state of Christian civilisation each before the popular movement o f 1847 and '4B. discovery, we should certainly expect it from his of them would feel when entering on an unjustifi- Again, under th e presen t G overnmen t, Garibaldi lordship, and, in the absence of any such light from able course, each would eagerly throw the blame was ones more arres t e d i n 1849 , th rown into prison him, and despairing therefore that it will be ob upon the other, and so the felonious association at Genoa, and subsequently transported to Tunis. tained elsewhere, we must consider that this objec would of itself cease, or they must return within the This is the man who, in 1860, offers Sicily, which. tion falls to th e groun d, no t, however, without pale of justice. But, again, on both sides of the he has won with his own right arm, to the House showing how bad is the case which it was intended channel, I hear people repeat, "Trust them, we never of Savoy from which he has endured so much ! to support. can." Now, to that I would venture to answer— Truly, an heroic requital for injuries received. The Government will, we hope, not lend itself to Let England or France, whichever of the two, be A similar fate has been that of Crispi , who is at the p ar t y b y w hi c h i t i s so earnest l y b es i eged. It well armed and pr ov id e d, at land and at sea, let her present the Minister and Secretary-General of certainly cannot lend itself to this piece of jobbery be strong in body and healthy in mind, and truly Garibaldi. He is a Sicilian by birth, was kept in without incurring the condemnation of numbers anxious for the good of others, not for mean profit prison at Genoa on account of conspiracy, as far who are accustomed to rank among its warmest sup to herself, and give pledges of her honesty ; then down as March, 1853 ; and then, like the now Die- porters. It is an important fact that no less than let her, though siuglehanded, not stop at neutrality, tater of Sicily, was transported across the sea. 169 members of the House of Commons, all belong but, with proper wisdom and discretion, step for- From Malta he went to Paris, whence again he ing to the Liberal party, have memorialised the Go ward and throw her power in the balance of civili- was driven away by the police of the French Go- vernment against the innovation that has been pro sation against barbarism, of justice and right vernment. At this moment he co-operates with posed. These hon, members say that " the provi against oppression, of the conquered against the gallant chieftain of the Free Corps in bringing sion of the English Census Bill which requires the foreign conqueror. The very goodness about the junction of Southern Italy with the every householder to state his religious profession, of her cause will, with as muc h cer t a i n ty as N or th ern Ki ng d om , f rom which the Monarch is to and that of all his household, appears to us very human affairs permit, ensure the willing concur- profit under whose reign Crispi was so long kept objectionable, and we believe it to be highly offer,- renee and support of her powerful neighbour. in narrow confinement. sive to many of our constituents." They state their Should that occurrence fail the disappointment The Minister of will find its reward for the risks and sacrifices in- Orsini , a native of Naples, is a furth er proof how sion will produce no information deserving of re curred, not only in the glory, but also in the gratis patriots, whowhen, tude of numberless races. The radiant prestige of crimin als, suddenly advance again in the esteem of jure the Liberal party and Government, and they the name of that country will be the greater for her th eir ver y enemie s as soon as the acquisition of therefore heartily recommend that it may be with neighbour having deserted the good cause. But I power and position have rendered them once drawn from the bill. repel this supposition. From the depth of my heart . more formidable. Orsini was arrested in Sicily We cannot but hope that the Government will 1847 under I hope and trust Great B r it a i n an d F ranc e will at in the charge of conspiracy; in 1850 now perceive that its true policy is to cast off those last perceive that there is no safety to themselves he was condemned to death in c on t umac i on by th e false friends and advisers who call for a course from reciprocal destruction, but in combining for vile magistracy of the Bourbo n G overnmen t. I n which besides the other objections that lie against the good of others. Th us , and thus only, will their October, 1 859, when w or ki ng f or pa t r i o ti c d e - i t, hasp this disadvantage—it must alienate a large daily differe nces on m i nor po i nts van i s h_differences signs similar to th ose w hi c h have carried him at number of its su pp or ters. The case is now remark which keep them i n a s t a te of unceasing watchful- last to the prominent pl ace h e now occup i es, h e ably clear and simple, and it presents a phase which ness and di s t rus t—j us t as they did vanish for a was threatened at Fl orence by Baron Ricasoli with renders it very easy t o arrive at a wise decision, short peri o d w h en t h e t wo n ations last fought expulsion fro m Tuscany. Baron Ricasoli it must H ere are t wo opposite parties very importunate in together i n th e C r i mea. Th a t per i o d was short, be remembered, is not the servant of a ' despotic their appeals for the concessi on which each is anti_ indeed, but w h y ? Si mp ly an d mo st undoubtedly Monarch, b u t was then the head of a sox-disunt ous to obtain. One of these parties, and that which because by that ill-advised expedition to the Crimea constitutional Administration which had issued calls for a change of method, is composed of the Op the two po wers care f u ll y a b sta i ne d f rom doing good from a popular movement. Yet he did not scruple position, and the other of the friends of Government . to any one, a i m i ng only at d o i ng harm to Russia. to menace Orsini with banishment from a territor one asks for a Church and Tory measure, the other' I have no doubt the scheme, so far, was called prac- which had but just been freed from the footprints• ply begs that no measure may be conceded. sun tical by many. In my opinion it was the very cause of the stranger. Orsini's revenge has been that he Will Lord Palmerston disappoint his friends and of that great f a il ure w hi c h, a ft er an immense sacri- is now working for the j unction of Sicily with the supporters in and out of Parliament, or will he five of men and money, left Russia with a far realm of the King whom Ricasoli serves. adopt a straightforward course, such as they re greater name in the whole East than she has ever So, again, is it with the Chief of Garibaldi's quire, and have their confidence and approval s e f attained before. A wonderful opportunity presents Staff, the Hungarian Stephen 'rum He, too, was his lordship now steps out of his Way to gratify THE COMING CENSUS. POLAND. The following very important speech was de ivered by General Count Zamoyski, at the annual meeting of the Literary Association of the Friends of Poland, held on the 26th of June last : The Earl of ILCUESTER having moved, " That, inasmuch as the claims of subjugated nations to deliverance from oppression are now beginning to exact and compel a degree of attention from Euro pean cabinets which they have never obtained be fore, it is the duty of Poland and her friends, in this age of sudden and unexpected changes and opportunities, to be ever ready to avail themselves of every occasion of asserting her claim to national independence." General Count ZA.MOYSKI seconded the resolu tion. We are indeed (he said), I fully believe, en tering upon a new era—an era of justice and right, of restoration, and I trust not of revolution— of re storation of the rights of nations, not of princes. When the time will come for the restoration of Poland's rights nobody can tell. But it seems to me a striking feature of the day that whenever other nations' grievances are brought to light and ' discussed, and contended for or resisted, Poland is, as it were, unavoidably mentioned by all. Every one feels, every one acknowledges, that there is no right more sacred than hers—no grievances, no de solation, perhaps, equal to hers. But friends of Poland, however convinced of these truths—how ever persevering in their advocacy, may inquire whether the Polish nation herself remains faithful to her past, and still worthy of the support of those who feel that her dismemberment was a crime, but know not whether life is not at this day extinct in her. In fact, nearly 30 years have passed since Poland for the last time exhibited before the world in a glorious though unsuccessful struggle, her life, vigour, and readiness for unlimited sacrifices; and no less than 80 years have elapsed since vast provinces of Poland were first torn fromher and have ever since submitted to rulers bent upon utterly destroying in the minds and hearts of the Poles the very remem brance of their former existence and of the crime which had placedit in abeyance. I think, therefore, my lords and gentlemen, you will be willing to hear a few details showing what life there is in the various parts of what was formerly called Poland, parts which offer considerable differences in their present condition. There are, as you know, the two parts allotted to German governments, Austria and Prussia; of the two other parts, under Russia, the one, since 1815, bears the name of kingdom of Poland; the other, comprising no less than ten millions of souls, forms nine great provinces, called governments, incorporated with the empire of Russia. In the last and in the kingdom, the acces sion of a new czar and king, after the reign of terror of Nicholas, was greeted with hopes derived from a humane and liberal disposition attributed to him. A few measures, indeed, seemed to justify those expectations. First of all, the police was in structed to relax in the stringent rules which had characterized their proceedings during the last 30 years. But of all things, the new reign was marked by Alexander 11. proclaiming that, at the request of the western (Polish) governments of his empire (a request repeatedly addressed by the Poles to the Emperor's predecessors), he had deter mined to put an end to slavery in his empire—a measure which is to give civil liberty instead of actual slavery to 55,000,000 of persons out of the 60,000,000 composing the total population of his empire. What the result of that will of the Em peror will be is neither known at this day, nor is it possible in any way to calculate whether it will end in giving to the empire prosperity or ruin. How ever, the very compliment paid to his Polish sub jects in the eyes of the rest of the empire, of their having been foremost in petitioning for the eman cipation of the serfs, emboldened them, wherever he appeared in the various towns of Russian Poland, to meet him with addresses so identical and unanimous that they seemed stereotyped; they invariably and exclusively petitioned that their religion might not be interfered with, for restora tion of their language in public transactions and courts of justice, and re-establishment of the national schools suppressed by Nicholas. At Witebsk, at Vilna, at Zytomir, and, in Novem• ber last, again at Kamieniec Podolski, such petitions were unflinchingly, though respect fully handed to him, or at leastunanimously signed by the representatives of the landowners, even after they had been warned that they would incur the Czar's displeasure. In Austrian Poland a demand to the very same effect was recently drawn up, and received innumerable signatures of all classes of the inhabitants, in the form of a spontaneous ad dress to three gentlemen, who had just been ap pointed by the Emperor of Austria to take seats for the province of Galicia in what is called the enlarged Council of the Empire. Restoration of the Polish language in public transactions, in courts, in schools, and permission, without incur ring suspicion, to give encouragement to national literature, national history, and to the preservation of monuments of a thousand years of national ex istence, was all that this address demanded at the hands and through the endeavours, in the Council, of their three countrymen. A word was added to insist upon the deputies passing over in silence any other grievance, though many were endured from the foreign and inimical officers of the ad ministration, " Least of all," was it said in the ad dress, "do the inhabitants of Galicia care for any new institutions of a more or less liberal kind, as may be debated in the council, so long as what was most dear and most essential to them, both in a material and in a moral sense, was denied to the province, viz., that they should be allowed to re main Poles ?" And what was the result ? By order of the highest authority a warning was given to all the prominent signers of the address, includ ing the bishops and first of the nobility, as well as of the middle class, that they should abstain from "punishable agitation." Of what bas been done of late at Posen by the authorities of the place to create " punishable agitation" among the inhabi tants of that grand duchy (Prussian Poland) you have heard at length from several nohle and honourable speakers in this very meeting. I really think my noble friend (Lord Harrington) has truly characterised, by ealling it "satanic," the system of provocation, the unquestionable evidence of which has been laid before the Prussian Parliament in May last, by an eminent and most deserving member, one of the members for Posen. What I here wish to insist upon is the total failure of the attempt. During three years of an incessant provocation to which a few countrymen of ours In this country, infatuated as they were, or misled by destitution into desperate attempts, were expected to act as tools, not a single inhabitant of Prussian Poland was caught in the prepared and wide-spread snares —a proof of temperate wisdom for which, gentle men, I claim your acknowledgment. At Warsaw, and in the kingdom of Poland, the recent and most creditable sign of life has been evinced, as soon as permission was given, in numerous and most orderly meetings, held all over the country, for the promo tion of agriculture. An elected central committee of and anagricultural society . was authorised to act at Warsaw, and to communica t e w ith some 70 corres pondents,equally authorised, to reside in all parts of the kingdom. Nearly five thousand members of this society, paying a subscription similar to what you, gentlemen, subscribe as friends of Poland, namely, two guineas a year, committee a sum of about nine gaveat n thousand e e o pounds yearly to spend in pri ze me d als, shows, and t en c t 1 0 1 u a - t ragements of all sorts, including asylums for infants, elementary schools of agriculture, useful publica tions, &c. In a country so long deprived of every opportunity of discussing public affairs, and where a dozen friends could hardly meet privately with out receiving threatening warnings from the police, the liberty given to the inhabitants of meeting once a year at Warsaw for a week in such large num bers (iu January last they numbered 1,200 members present) caused necessarily so me anxiet y both am ong the people themselves and a mon g the Russian offi cials who were ever present at those meetings. But to the Russians any imprudent language or act of those assemblies might have been welcome; they would not have failed to say, " See what can you do with such an ungovernable people, which turns every opportunity into a political riot, and ever forces authority to keep them under the strictest restraint." But, thank God, no such:thing hap pened; no pretext of the remotest kind was found ; agriculture, its improvement, and the improvement too of the agriculturist, both material '(II imprisoned in Piedmont in 1853 for conspiracy, the Bishop of Oxford, the DO in of Marlborough, transported across the frontier, and subsequently and the Church Tories, he will . certainly be obliged condemned to death in Transylvania, from which.to look to them to supply the supporters he will fate however the loud reclamation of the Englis h h av e los t; and his lordshi p ' Aron. knows that he Press saved him. Again Rosolino Pilo, the Sictilian would look to them in vain. Lord John Russell who has organised the present movement, and who.. ought to have given the Noble Premie r hi s su pp or t was its political leader before the arrival of Ga ri- in favour of the Liberal ca ' ase, and if he now fails baldi, was three times expelled from Piedmont. In to do so, will add anothe Jr to the many proofs he August, 1859, he was subjected to a " dCwiciliarY has given of his unwort ;hiness to form part of a visit" at Florence by the authorities who had issued. Liberal Ministry.—Nor; sing Aclivertiser. from the popular movement. Subsequently he was I"Mr..l=nng 21! imprisoned for two months at Bologna by Cipri ani, TEE COllllllO • kr L A W COURTS. and even denounced to the populace as an Austrian —4.—.• spy ! Yet Rosolino Pilo—as the extriumvir of th e ' . Returns are now n lade to the Home-office and Roman Republic, Aurelio Saffi has properly" in J ' • published the " In licial Stati:;tics," showing the the last number of Afacnzillan's Magazine--wad one • ' said in , 11 iusiness done in the courts of ji'istice during the of the purest patriots of Italy, one who has worlit'l , 1 i, ear. Last year 86,270 writs of sommons and 582 for its deliverance with an abnegation almost be- .• its of cap/ s (for re:rests by le ave of a judge) yond. belief. Springing from the ancient family of WI. I issued from a the three supe.sior and ancient the Marquises of Capace, who trace their origin to werli oeQueen's Be nch, Common Pleas, and Ex the Anjous, he gave up wealth, rank, station, all, c 9. °ll ,eg r t, ; or, i in other words, so many actions were and carolled himself, under the name of Rosolino —a number less by 16,5 pen- cent. than Pilo, under the banner of the independent national comn lence in the Pre'll'lus year. In the vast nutjority of in party. And that man was treated by the friends stances these cases are settled, for in only 23,762, of Cavour as an " Austrians py," at the very time pry much t more than a fourth, was there not so vt. when he was busy maturing plans for the deliver- ranee en* erect in the proper office on the ante of his native island. lie was transported any appea from Bologna to Switzerland, then came to Lon- part of the defendants. But after the defendant first step in the shape of resistance,. don—only, however, to return to Sicily, and to has taken th e i organise that movement which soon was to astonish by entering a. , , t e number of causes actually o a n pp a e m a i ra h nce, the process of arrange dges during the year was only all Europe. He fell near Calata-Fimi, marching o , ndon and W t • t ment still goes at the head of an enthusiastic band of free corps. tried by the ju of these it is robable that 10 es mins er, and 982 His loss was regretted as one the most to be de- 2,113-1,131 in L .nn , e , and resisted only plored by Garibaldi and all the true champions of at the assizes ; and ei tended a , , of the suits commenced in the Italian cause. or 15 per cent. were 1 . ., tle more than 2 per cent. Corrao, of Palermo, who defended Messina in to gain time. So th of a jury; the vast 1848, is is another of the " common criminals" whose the superior courts, name Italy will one day proudly write on the roll really require the deei, riot' ,nayment of an acknow of her leading patriots. After the events of 1848 jority are only to enfor -Ise he escaped from the galleys to Piedmont, w h enc e hedged claim. The n t ,mb„ - r of causes tried for he was three times expulsed. In March, 1860, he obtaining compensation .undeT Lord Campbell's Act d at onos were went from Bosolino Pilo to Sicily to secretly orga- for pers onal injuries is te ly 19; 1 sts . breach of promise of mar nise the revolution. It is owing in no small de- for libe l or slander, 22 for ;reputable misfortune of gree to his exertions that a movement was fairly riage , and 16 for a more duu hove two-thirds of the set on foot which has boldly broken through the women. I n 1,445 cases (a, .. verdict for the plain webs of diplomacy, and raised the cry of a United number tried) there was a Italy under King Victor Emmanuel—that is, of the tiff, without including verdic, is subject to a spe- Monarch from whose Ministers Carrao, like his cial case for the opinion ,of the Court or a brethren in arms, had at various times received but reference ; in 343 cases the ve,rdict was for the scanty kindness. defendant, and in 80 the pla. intiff was non- At this moment when the intrigues of the Minis- suited. In 28 instances the jury ha d .„ 1- o be discharged terial party at Turin are more rife than ever against without gi vi ng a verdict. rhe totai amount for the Provisional Government appointed by Gari- which -verdicts were obtained was £324,388, cud baldi, it is well to refer back to these facts. rather m ore than half of it is stated to have beem Whatever be the party point of view from which recovered en circuit. Of the writs of execution issued'. Italian matters may be regarded, this much is during the year for obaining payment 8,142 were sure, that true abnegation—absence of all egotis- against the person, and 14,052 against the goods; tical and narrow prejudices—is to be found just the former co ustituting surely a very large propor on that side which often is accused of sectarian tion. The work done by the judges "at chambers" tendencies. The men of the popular party—they was very con. aiderable-41,315 summonses were who have suffered imprisonment and exile at the issued, and 10,8 1 :6 of the orders made are described hands of Piedmont—are the very men w.ho are as " special order's;" 28,300 affidavits were sworn most zealous to carry out that which would seem to or affirmations m,ade. - ; the office copies required of be the true interest of Piedmont. Against these affidavits or docum en is filed at chambers extended facts, hollow declamations and defamations are of to 10,667 folios. The "fees levied by the Master?' no avail. They will only recoil against those who of the three courts at counted to £58,902, out of are mean enough to culminate the living patriot which was paid £38,057. for "salaries, &c.," leaving with the foulest slander, and who persecute the a balance of £20,845. '., - "he Suitors' Fund of the martyr even after he is at rest in his gory grave.— common law courts, cons i, lting, we presume, of Morning Advertiser. money paid into courtpenclem t e lite, amounted at the close of the year to £37,023. We have to add that the returns of " proceedings on cr,rcuit" ought to be more plain, and that though the preface vrefixed to the returns is very useful and convenient, elfore are i one or two obvious errors in it which shok'ld be avoided another year. COUNTRY MARKETS. NEWARK-JULY 4. Wheat in moderate show to-day, and the demand wasit again rather slow. Oats in fair show, and quiet demand.. Beans scarce. Very little business passing in barley, and. as low in price. White wheat, new, 60s to 64s Barley, grinding.. 308 to 329 Red do. sss to 60s Oats, old, .. 3os to 34s Old white ...•60s to 64s New d o 28s to 32s Red do. „,.....55s to 60s Beans. 48s to 509 Barley, malting.... 38s to 45s I Beans, new 468 to 48s Peas, ....44s to 488. HULL—JULY 3. There was a fair attendance of farmers and factors at this day's market, and the show of wheat was middling', but a slow sale, at a reduction of is per qr. No alteration took place in other article; and business limited. Wheat.... Old 'white.... per qr Old red ....... „ New white .. 7 , New red .... ~ Dantzic, Konb , &c. old white 538 Od to 578 Od Dutch, Belgian, and French,. 538 Od to 54s Od Baltic and Hamburg, red St. Petersburg and Riga, old 458 Od to 498 Od Barley.... English malting. . . 3Bs Od to 42s Od Grinding Saal and Oderbruck .. 3BB Od to 40s Od Holstein and Danish 34s Od to 38a Ofil Grinding Oats English, old Archangel and Riga , per st Os 14d to I.4id Friesland and Dutch' oBl4ld to Os 154 Swedish and Danish 0.144 to Osl , tid Beans ....English, old, per qr. .. 468 Od to 488 Od New pigeon 44s Od to 458 i'4 New tick Egyptian .. 38s Oct to 40s Odl Peas Foreign breakers Grinding Tares .... Spring. Indian Corn Linseed, feeding. 4B. Od to 52s Od crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) Foreign Bl5 oto 9 6 0 Rape cakes Bones DUBLIN-JULY 3. In consequence of the continued fine weather, the trade ruled extremely slow to-day, and at unaltered quolations for all articles, except Indian corn, which was Wily le cheaper. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white 33 0 to 3 0 Do., rod 3l 0 to 33 0 Do., new - 0 Barley Oats Do., black l5 0 to 15 6 s. d. s. d. Do., now . 0 to 0 Bore Rapeseed Oatmeal l5 0 to 17 6 Bakers' flour Indian corn COAL MARI (Prices of Coal per Ton at .ET—JULY 4. the close of the market.) s. d. Tan field Moor l3 0 Tanileld Moor Butes 13 0 Howard's West Hart ley 15 6 Lambert's West Hart ley 15 6 1 Davison's West Hart ley .15 6 Byass's Bebside West Hartley l5 6 Walker Primrose 13 0 Hastings Hartley l5 6 Holywell l5 6 West Hartley 15 6 Eden Main 16 6 Holmside Gas l3 6 Burnhope 13 6 Benton's West Hartley 14 6 Clark's West Hartley 15 6 Wylam l6 0 Carway and Duffryn Malting Walls End. s. d. South Hartlepool. 17 0 Harton .. l6 0 Hetton.... South Hetton 18 6 _ _ Kelloe _ _ Gosforth ....16 0 Stewart's lB 6 i - rh;;Cfcn Thornley 15 0 1 Tunstall l6 6 1 Hartlepool..... lB 0 ; Heugh Hall 16 9 1 Sheriff Hill 14 6 1 Russell's Hetton 17 3 1 South Durham 16 3 Braddyll's Hetton 17 3 Wharncliffe 16 0 ; Framwellgate l6 CP Haswell..... 18 6 Cassop .. 17 6 Keiper Grange...... —l7 3 Lyon's Stone l6 3 North Hartlepool 15 6 Shincliffe 16 3 West Hetton 17 0 Whitworth 16 0 1104—Sold, 71. Walls End. Acorn Close ,.17 0 Eden ....17 0 Ships at market, THE MAILS. MAILS DUE. Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South- ampton) .. .. .. .. .. .. July 10. Do. (via Marseilles) July 4. Bahamas and Havana (via New York) .. .. Aug. 2. Canada, &c. (via Londonderry) .. .. .. July 4. Cape of Good Hope, &c... .. .. .. Aug. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) July 19. Do. (via Marseilles) July 13. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. .. .. July 10. India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) July 19. Do. (via Marseilles) July 13. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. .. July 10. Do. (via Marseilles) .. .. July 4. Lisbon, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, &e. .. .. July 5. Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto • • • • .. July 11. Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. Julylo. Do. (via Marseilles) .. July 4. United States, California, &c. (% ia Cork) .. J u l y 5. Western Coast of Atrica, Madeira, Teneriffe .. July 10, West Indies and Pacific, Carthgena, Cuba, &o. July 14. BIRT-HB. BnnTT.—On the 2d inst., at Peckham-rye, the wife of E. Brett, Esq., of a son. GoLoslttn.—On the 2d inst., at Dover, the wife of Augus tus Goldsmid, Esq., barrister -at-law, of a son. MAJENDIE.—On the 28th ult., at Kingebridge, the wife of Captain Majendie, ,of a daughter. YOUNG.—On the 29th ult., the wife of Thomas Young, Esq., of Sacknlle-street, St. James's, of a son. M ARRIAGES. RADCLYFFE—SAUNDELSON—On the 3d inst., at St. George's, Hanover -square, Charles Edward Radclyffe, only son of the Rev. C. E. Radclyffe, of South Syden ham, to Constance Albuera, daughter of Colonel and Lady Maria Saunderson, of Clarges-streat, London, and Northbrook-house, London. UNTRANIC— IVILLIA.ms.—On the 3d inst., at Penshuret, Kent, John Unthank, Esq., a Master of the Court of Queen's Bench, to Mary, daughter of the late Lieut.- Colonel Monier Williams. DEATHS. B AKER. —On the 28th May, at Beyrout, Syria, the Rev Richard Peace Baker, M.A., many years incumbent of St. Botolph without Aldgate, city, aged 47. BINNS.—On the 3d inst., at the residence of her father, Sir Joshua Walinsloy, Wolverton-park, Hants, aged 43, Elizabeth, wife of Charles Binns, Esq., of Claycross Derbyshire. BOWYEIL—On the Ist inst., at Dresden, Sir Geo. Bowyer, Bart., aged 78. CAItEW.—On the 29th ult., at Crowcombe-cottage, near Taunton, John Francis arew, Esq., aged GO. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG of No. 112, Shand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of Kiddleoes, Thursday July 6, 1860