The Sun. — London, England, 1858-07-05 00:00:00

SPORTING NOTES. NEWMARKET. The rain which fell yesterday, although it was not of sufficient duration to effect much good, has induced trainers to hope that the protracted drought is at an end, and that their horses will be able to fulfil, engage ments without hazarding a break down. The hardness of the ground last week militated considerably against the success of meetings, diminishing the fields, and imparting quite as insigaifieant character to events which•at onetime promised to be marked - by incidents of much importance. Hetce the Shrewsbury and Lud lov/ gatherings were failures ; at Carlisle the weather was more destructive of sport than "the Dean ;" at Ipswich the proceedings were mere leather•flapping ; .and the Pontefract programme was sadly shorn of its fair proportions. Indeed, amidst the crowd of Meet alga which were celebrated last week, ()Ely one—the quiet " little go" at Odiham—was a decided success. "Newmarket July" and the Worcester Summer are the only two fixtures for the current week, and at nei ther meeting is the sport likely to be over-abundant. The stewards of the Jockey Club have issued a more attractive lust than umal f)r the gathering at head quarters ; and they deserve all credit for the attemptA which they have made to p: event the utter decline of the meeting. lam not amongst the go-ahead tu: fites who would like to see the July follow the Second Spring, and I therefore trust that the efforts of the authorities may be attended by sumss. The match making spirit seems to be revived with good effect, for half a dozen matches are comprised in the present list, and numbers have been made for the October Meetings. A most interesting race will be witnessed for the July Stokes, amongst the public performers for which will be the Black Bees ojlr, Sir Hercules, Mareke, ana Stockbarn. A dark animal named Crofton, too, will make hi.; debut, and report states that it is as good, if not better, than North Lincoln. My partiality, however, for public runners, compels me to withhold confidence from him and to look to the Black Bess colt and Stockham to occupy the foremost places. For their respective matches I shall select SUE grew, Melibieus, and Pandora. Haymaker ought to win the Summer Handicap. The result of the C'uesterfi-11 Sta kes will, of course materially depend upon the July performance. At prr. sent I may direct favourable attention to S r Hercul. s and Marske. Advices from Worcester state that " Pitchcroft " would be materially benefited by rain, and by this time perhaps the 1 , 4)g-desired pluvial visitat;on may have freahened the new mown grass, and rendered the course good going. That a pleaiant meeting will take place at Worcester, under any circumstances, may be confidently anticipated, for the race committee work with (X`3o3- plary zeal and cordiality to promote sport. Their liberality in•carrying ont any arrangement tending t'a increase the popularity of the meeting has been unanimously acknowledged by the entire sporting press. The Trial Handicap will, perhaps, be oarried off by either Kestrel or Little Cob. Underhand seems likely to sport the Worcestershire Handicap, but, as at Newcastle, Messrs. Barber and Saxon may furnish him with his most troublesome opponent. They can at any rate, through Hamlet, measure pretty accurately the chance of Prin cess Royal or Commotion. The Two-year. Old Stakes may be placed to Mr. T. Parr'e account by Indiffer ence, and for the Flying Handicap I shall select New Brighton and Knockburn. Barbarity seems likely to win the Bentinck Handicap, and SchismatiC may carry off the Cup. Newmarket, Monday Morning A FRESH MAN. FATHER THAMES ON TRIAL. ( From the Money Bag.) Last week a very old and foul offender was brought before the police court of Westminster. He was charged with being a public nuisance. He was by trade a nightman and general scavenger. But it was urged against him, that he exercised hi s functions solely as a pretext, carrying to and fro beneath the noses of his neighbours all sorts of fcetid, noxious ordures, without ever practicaliy removing them, or even seriously attempting to do so. That he made a show of spreading the filth on flats by way of drying it up ; and then, with the most flagrant inconsistency, would dilute it again with water—That when the police questioned him, ho said "he meant to wash it away." But when they asked him "Where to ?" he could give no satisfactory reply ; and mumbled something about " Mucking flats." To this the police had very pro perly rellied that "they were not such flats as to allow any more of his mucking," and had accord ingly taken him into custody. His worship ordered tho prisoner to be brought in. His appearance excited the most unbounded disgust; while the effluvia he exhaled was revolting in the extreme. His worship called loudly for aromatic salts, and several persons in court fainted. During the confusion we had full leisure to note the culprit's bearing and exterior. He appeared to be of great age ; his countenance wore a smooth, treacherous, hypocritical expression, which he attempted to disguise under the affecta tion of helpless iinbeciliiy. His long hair and beard, matted with filth, hung about him in oozy tags and c'ots, some of which proved on nearer in spection to be the corpses of drowned kittens. What clothes he wore, if any, must remain in mys tery ; he was so thickly smeared with the blacke-it shine, wet and reeking, as if he had been recently dragged out of the mud. In his hands he bore a large cracked crockery-ware bowl, half filled with faecalsemi-liquid matter, which slowly subietd through a round aperture in the bottom of the bowl, and streamed down his thighs: Under his arm he carried the carcass of a drowned clog, seem ingly much distended with decomposing gases. Inspector Y, 4, said the prisoner had first given his name as Mr. Lambeth Reach, but he bad seve ral aliases. In the City, and especially about the docks, be had gone by tire name of "Pool ;" somo of the journals had mentioned him as "Cess Pool," but Cess did not appear to be a Christian nam.. He was hest known by the nickname of "Father Thames," but it did not seem he had any children —though many wished him farther. He was strongly suspected to be a wholesale poisoner. A lighterman of his acquaintance had recently died under the most suspicious circumstances, laying hi s delth at the prisoner's door. The prisoner lm long been i n very bad odour, and whether guilty of • crimes or nor, was at any rate a public nuisanc , . He was moreover full of turns and windings, had 'nothing straightforward ab att him, and was to be considered : a dangerous character. His worship said this was a very serious case, and ordered the prisoner to give an account of himself, and name his parish. Father Thames said he came originally from the Cotswold hills, in Wiltshire ; that he was a scion of the noble family of Rivets. His wor,hip observed that the family name of Lord Rivers was Pitt, and if he had such a disre putable connection his lordship was very much to be pitied (nobody in court, however, pe ceived the joke). The prisoner said his name was not Pitt, but that he himself was more to be pitied than con demned. He hail seen better days, and never thought he should come to thi.. He had passed through Oxford with credit and an unsullied name. He had on leaving the University allied himself with a young lady of good family (her Christian name was Isis), who did not long survive their union. He had been presented to her Majesty at Windsor. Indeed there had never been a word . against him till he came to town, when he had fallen into low company, and had all sorts of ditty jobs thrown upon him most unwillingly. His worship asked what was the use of the pierced bowl ? .He replied, he had from his youth upward been in the habit of carrying an urn, and this was the best shift for one he had at present. Did he earn his living with it f He said it was a necessary part of his accoutrement. •He bad no original aptitude for his present trade as a night man, which had been thrust upon him by the Sewage Commissioners. His tastes were all Datil ' rally pure and innocent. His conduct was or derly. He appealed to the Metropolitan Police to bear him out when he asserted that he had never been drunk for years. He bad done his best to carry his nigh tsoil to the sea. His worship asked him what sea, whether he al luded to the Bishop of London's see. No, the sea at the Nore, which threw up all he could carry down. It was a most thankless busi ness, and he believed that the Sewage Commis sioners, the Metropolitan Board, and the Board of Works were the real culprits, while he, with the best intentions, got all the abuse. The Court • should appeal to the Privy Council to enforce the necessary steps. There should be pipes and cul verts to take the sewage under ground to at least twenty miles from London. He himself could force it along the culverts by flushing. His worship said no one could flush these pipes unless he was very flush of money, and that it was a question who would pay the piper. The court hay ing henonre most oppressive, the prisoner was diro charged with an injunction to behave better fur tire ! future. Tho prisoner said he would do his beat, but unless ho had a weir or dam below London, the sewage must conie back. His worship, as he ler, seat, made song; scarce audible obstrvation, which reemed to have refeience to the scheme seeing the Thames dammed at the most convenient locality, but no definite arrangement was come to. 4 THE SUN, LON D ON, MONDAY EVENING, J OLY 5, 1858, SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS TO INDIA AND ELSEWHERE. Whatever may be the late of the Atlantic cable, with which the greatest experiment of the age is now being performed, all doubt is dispelled respect ing two facts : first, that for intercommunication between this sea-girt island and its colonies sub marine are far preferable to overland cables ; and, 'secondly, that for submarine cables of great length light ropes only should be employed. The first of these facts needs no remark, arising as it does from principles of economy, and from the manifest ad vantage of a kingdom like ours having no portion of its means of communication unnecessarily sub ject to the control of foreign powers. On the second point we desire to add a word or two. During the last few months a great change has taken place in the opinions of professional men and of the public generally in reference to, the desir ability of using weighty and cumbrous cables for submarine telegraphic purposes. For short dis tances such cables are all that could be desired, as experience has shown ; and, deciding with too little discrimination, our telegraphic engineer proceeded to apply similar cables for deep-sea purposes. It is true that the Atlantic Company, before under taking their gigantic operations, so far suspected their applicability to these purposes as to devise and - adopt a much lighter rope than was usual ; but they still retained some of the worst features of the old ropes, although in a modifir,d form. Now for years past Mr. Allan has urged the adoption of the direct contrary of the heavy cables ; and it is only due to ourselves to say, that we have uniformly supported him in his efforts. It is to his foresight that the public are indebted even for the first extensions of submarine telegraphy. When others rested satisfied with 25 miles of cable between Dover and Calais, and thought a 50-mile cable impossible, he showed the feasibility of a 70-mile cable to Belgium, and subsequently of a 120-mile lentrth to Holland, for which, so far back as 1852, he procured the concession. In the very early stages of the system he clearly set forth the self-destructive character of the heavy cables, should attempts be made to submerge them in waters of great depth ; and, to obviate the evil, in the spring of 1853 he took out a patent for a rope, the mechanical con struction of which was the reverse of those in use, having as its main feature an inextensible core. Later in the same year he patented another, main taining the same principle of construction, but of such an arrangement of parts as to produce a rope, not only light per mile, but of such low specific gravity that it might be laid with facility across the Atlantic, without risk of injuring itself by the tension resulting from its own weight. With these improvements, and others comprising the production of electricity in a manner suit able for the purpose, Mr. Allan enunciated, as was stated in the Times, Oct., 1853, the project of an Atlantic telegraph. He was suffered, however, to stand alone, and even from the scientific press re ceived no other support than that afforded by our selves. In March, 1856, undaunted by previous discou ragemeuts, Mr. Allan addressed a letter to the Rt. Hon. H. Labouchere, Secretary of S tate for the Colo nies, in which not only was the Atlantic telegraph proposition revived, but the idea of the Great In dian Submarine Telegraph Company, now about, we trust, to be carried out, was put forth in these words :—" It is feasible to lay lines from this country (say Plymouth) to Gibraltar and Malta, and so on up the Mediterranean, en route to India. Such a line would be conducive to British governmental and mercantile interests, and more independent under many circum stances than transmitting through the pre sent foreign systems across Europe ; and which, besides, would create a large tax or tollage on the cost of a message to India and Australia." The present Atlantic Company was shortly afterwards started, and for a time monopolises that particular field. In carrying out their plans, how ever, they have so far approximated towards Mr. Allan's electrical systems as to induce him to apply for an injunction to restrain them from infringing upon his patent rights, the application being now pending. Before the telegraph squadron sailed last year with the Atlantic cable, Mr. Allan stood almost atone in predicting the failure which occurred, and the scientific grounds for his prediction were made public. These grounds were indeed clearly set forth by him in a letter addressed to ourselves so long ago as the 24th of December, 1855. After last year's failure, men grew suddenly enlightened ; and, after the able papers of Captain Blakely at Dublin, and Messrs. Longridge and Brooks at the Institution of Civil Engineers, the merits of light ropes and the utter unfitness of heavy ropes for deep-sea purpo , es became universally acknowledged. Our readers will not be surprised to find that we are indisposed to allow the man who has fought the battle and won this victory to have his name suppressed by the many advocates of light cables who are now springing up into public prominence, and adroitly seeking to carry off the spoils of war. Mr. Allan, and Mr. Allan alone, has the great merit ofiutroducing the light-rope system, which will now become univetsal ; and they who have helped, either early, as in our own case, or later, as in the case of some others, to aid him in the undertaking, are indebted to him for the first correct knowledge possessed upon the subject. No man ever gained a more complete or certain triumph in the field of practical science than he has achieved in this matter. For the future, heavy cables will be used in shal low waters oaly. For all deep waters the light cable will be adopted ; and we very much doubt whether any company whatever will be able to construct these properly without license from Mr. Allan, under his patents of 1853, which virtually give him the monopoly of what, up to the present time, are the only practical means known of mas tering the difficulties attandant upon the construc tion, submergence, and working of ocean tele graphs. _ _ We shall not enter into the rival schemes for tele graphs to India. The objections to the Red Sea Telegraph Company's plan and to the Euphrates Valley line have been amply discussed in the news papers, and are now prety well understood by the public. It only remains for us to say that, while these are fragmentary and uncertain, the new com pany's plan—the Great Indian Submarine Tele graph Company's—is complete and reliable, both m construction and working. It is also essentially national, giving us a direct communication with India, independently of all foreign aid ; and, as the number of its stations will be necessarily few, its working cost, and therefore the cost of transmit ting messages by it, will be 50 per cent. less than that of the compe - ing lines. —Mechanics' Magazine. ROYAL FREE ii OSPITAL, GRAY'S INN-ROAD. - The number of patients relieved at this hospital during the week ending July 3, was 2,357, of whioh 896 were new engep Tii INDIAN MUTINIES.—Perbaps the most sing u'ar feature in the rebellion of 1857 (and there are mail) is, that while the whole of this side of India has been for ten or twelve months past one vast scene of anarchy and confusion, with the country overrun and plunderd by bands of men a thousand times more brutal and rapacious than our Sepoys (bad enough in all co con science), with town fighting againgst town, tribe against tribe, property a users matter of might, and with human life counting as next to nought;—notwith standing all this, the poor riot of India has gone on scratching and sowing his fields just as he did, good man , in 185556. Turn off the grand trunk road, where there are too many proofs of 1857, get away from the blackened walls of police stations, houses, Ite., and you will find it hard indeed, in a country so magnificently cultivated as that we have passed through since we first left Delhi, to believe yourself sti , l in the midst of revolted India. Blackwood's , Magazine. [AnvEßTisgmENTJ—Bilious affections induced by un u-ual atmospheric beat, or too liberal diet, if not early Ichecked, are often attended with serious consequences. When any one finds his ideas less clear than usual, hi s eyesight dimmed, and his head dizzy, while he IA indis. posed to a-1 exertion, physical or mental, he may be quite sure he is in immediate need of cooling and purifying medicine. Let him send at once for a box of Holloway's Pills. After a few doses of these inestimable pills his head will be clear again, his spirits elevated, and all his energies restored.—Sold by all medicine vendors through out the world, and at Professor Holloway's Establish ment, 244, Strand, London. [AnvEarisclizzr.]-one of the most valuable discoveries for the benefit of mankind is shcwn by the numerous extraordi nary cures without medicine of indigestion (dyspepsia), flatu lency, constipation, nervous, bilious, and liver complaints, cough, asthma, consumption, an d d e bi lity, effected by Du Barry's delicious health-restoring Revalenta Arabica Food. The following are not the least remarkable :—Cure N 0.41,617. Winchester, Dec. 3, 1847. Gentlemen,-_I am happy to be able to inform you that the person for whom your Revalenta was procured has derived very great benefit from its use ; distressing symptoms of dropsy, dyspepsia, and constipation of long standing have been removed, and a feeling of restored health induced. Having witnessed the beneficial effects in the above-mentioned case, I can with confidence recommend it, and shall have much pleasure in doing so whenever an op. portunity offers, &c. James Shorland, late Surgeon, 96th Regiment.—Cure No. 180. "25 years' nervousness, constipa tion, indigestion, and debility, from which I have suffered great misery, and which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by Du Barry's Food in a very short time. W. R.- Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London." Supported by testimonials from the following celebrated Pro. kissers of Chemistry: Dr. A. Uro; Dr. Shorland; Dr. Harvey ; Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram ; Lord Stuart de Decies; the Dowager Countess of Castlestuart; Major Gen. Thomas King, and many other respectable per sons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure Ad failed. Suitably packed with full instruc tions, In canisters, 11h. 2s, 9d.; 21b. 4s. 6d.; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 225. Th e 121 b canisters are sent carriage free on re ceipt of Post-office order. Barry Du Barry, and 77 Regent-stre e t, L on d on. I mportant Caution against the Co,,fear fal dangers of spurious imitations.—The Vice-Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an Injunction OR the 10th March, " 1854, against Alfred Hooper Nevill for imitating "Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Focd." THE DREADFUL BOILER EXPLOSION AT MANCHESTER. Owing to the confusion and excitement that pre vailed on Friday among the officials at the works where this dreadful catastrophe occurred, we were unable to ascertain the whole of the names of those killed and injured. We now, supply the list com plete and corrected. KILLED. Mr. Thos. Forsyth, manager and engineer-in chief, aged 39. Leaves a widow and seven children to lament his loss. Mr. Thos. Grinsell Nichol, gentleman appren tice, age 22, son of Mr. W. Nichol, of 2, Gloucester crescent, Regent's Park, London, sculptor to St. John's Hall. Mr. Wm. Dawson, the foremanboiler-maker, has left a widow and family. Mr. Edward Stocks, gentleman apprentice, son of Mr. Stocks, surgeon, Dublin. James Carmichael, rivetter, has left a widow and family. Thomas Adamson, boiler-maker. William Conduit, rivet carrier, a youth. INTVRED. Gus'av John, 21, native of Germany, severely scalded—not likely to recover. , John Gajeweski, 35, inspecting - eggincer to the French Credit obilier Company, and principal inspector of the railways being constructed by that company in Russia, badly scalded—may recover. Michael Kelly, 27, boiler maker, suffering frOm concussion of the brain, having been struck, by a piece of the boiler plate. Likely to recover. Not scalded. _ _ William Sands, 18, apprentice, boiler-maker, slightly scalded, and is suffering from concussion of the brain. Likely to recover. Jas. Mawson, 36, engineer, slightly scalded. Likely to recover. Mr. Forsyth, it appears, exactly thirty years ago, had the misfortune when a boy to lose his left leg by the first railway locomotive that ever ran in this country, which was on the line between Liverpool and Manchester. Mr. Forsyth commenced his career as a stoker, and from that position very meritoriously rose to the post of inspecting engineer to the London and North-Western Railway Company for the Wolver hampton district. From there he went to manage the extensive business of Messrs. Sharp, Stewart, and Co., about seven years ago. THE INQUEST. On Saturday afternoon last, an inquest was opened upon the bodies of the unfortunate men before Mr. E. Herford, city coroner, and a most respectable jury. The evidence gone into was mainly for the identi fication of those bodies that were not so mutilated and torn as to render identification impossible. Two or three could not be identified from their remaining fragments. From the evidence of John Mess, boiler-maker, who was present during the testing of the boiler, it appears that the boiler was leaking, and that by the request of his foreman, he went to fetch a caulking-tool to stop the leakage. The tool, owing to its being soft, was not used. Witness, in a moment from fetching the tool, turned away, and then the explosion took place. Before this occurred, the steam was blowing off very rapidly from both the valves. The steam pressure, he believed, five minutes before the explosion took place, was about from 1161 b. to 1181 b. This witness and others then described the posi tion in which they found the bodies, remains, limbs, &c., of the deceased. After the Coroner had briefly addressed the jury as to their duties, and had informed them that Mr. W. Fairbairn, and other eminent engineers ap pointed by the firm, would examine the boiler, and give evidence before them as to th cause of the lamentable accident, the inquiry was adjourned till Friday next, when it will be resumed at the Coroner's Court, in Ridgefield. Mr. John Robinson, one of the firm, who was present, said the proprietors were most anxious that the fullest particulars should be given and inquired into, by the jury. Mr. Wm. Fairbairn, who was, in Aberdeen, had been telegraphed for, and it was expected he would commence his examination of the boiler on Monday or Tuesday. The Coroner and jury then proceeded to the Atlas Works to inspect the boiler and the place where the catastrophe occurred. They were ac companied by Mr. J. C. Forsyth, Res.-Engineer and General Manager of the North Staffordshire Railway, who was present on the part of his de ceased brother. Mr. Chas. Stewart, of the firm, was also present • Mr. John Hick, of Bolton, engineer Mr. John Ramsbottom, of the London and North-Western Railway Company, inspecting engineer, Crewe. On examining portions of the boiler plate which was blown off, Mr. J. C. Forsyth called the atten tion of the jury to the edges of the pieces of the plate. In some parts they were discoloured, while in others they were white and the colour of iron recently broken. He wished the jury to bear that fact in mind, and that the pieces of plate should be in the care of some one. The jury were then bound over to attend on Friday next. On inquiry at the infirmary on Sunday our correspondent was informed that all the injured were alive, but that Cohn was a little worse, and not likely to recover. AA OTHER TERRIBLE AND FATAL BOILER EXPLOSION. FOUR MEN KILLED AND SEVERAL MAIMED. The mining village of - Victoria, South Wales, has been the scene of a terrific boiler explosion, which • almost equals, in the fatality of its consequences, that which we had occasion to record on Saturday, as having taken place at Manchester. Between five and six o'clock in the morning the inhabitants • were much alarmed by a sound resembling the discharge of artillery, and it at once occur i ring to the majority of them that an accident • had happened, there was a general rush out 1 of doors. It was soon perceived, from the cloud of steam and ashes which were flying about, that an explosion had taken place at what is called " the puddling forge" of the Victoria Iron Works, and on approaching the spot the terrible eore,e quences which had resulted, not only to the works themselves but to human life and limb, were ren dered painfully apparent, dead and maimed bodies lying scattered amongst the masses of fallen ma sonry and ironwork. Incredible as the Clot would seem, were it not the case that similar instances are constantly recurring, the accident, was entirely owing to the gross and reckless conduct of MOW of the men, one of whom actually sat upon the lever of the safety valve to prevent its yielding to t h e surplus pressure of the steam. The boiler in which the explosion took place was 40 feet long and 7 feet in diameter, and was one of a series of three, which were connected together and served by a stack 80 or 90 feet high ; and it appears from the evidence that a few minutes before the explosion took place, James Coombs, a fitter at the Victoria Works, and Benjamin Morgan, who is also in the service of the Victoria Iron Works Company, saw Thomas Price, the engineer ; Thomas Rees, a youth ; and the fireman or stoker, David Nunnery, on the top of the boiler. One of them was observed to put his hand upon the ball of the safety valve lever and press it down, and in a minute or so Price, the engine driver, got on to the top of the safety valve and sat upon it. The motive which led him to commit so reckless an act can only be conjectured ; but it is thought that, as the steam from two only of the boilers could reach the engine, he found some deficiency of power, and got on the valve for the purpose of preventing its blowing off steam. Whatever might have been his object, the consequences to himself and all within reach were most disastrous. He had not been sitting on the top of the valve more than half a minute when the explosion took place, blowing the boiler, the large stack, a puddling stack, contiguous, and all the surrounding masonry to atoms. The boiler was torn into three large Pines, the solid plates being rent asunder as if they were paper, the large stack, being struck at its base by the heaviest of the three fragments of the boiler, was seen to quiver and fall, while the other stonework was scattered in all directions. Hap pily, the stack fell in a direction from, instead of towards, the sheds. Had it fallen across the sheds, the loss of life must have been very great ; as it was, four unfortunate men were killed and several dangerously maimed. The fireman, David Nun nery, and the Tang man, .Thomas Rees, were blown into the air with such force that their bodies were not recovered for some time afterwards, when a mongst the debris some 60 y ar d s o ff. they were found sadly maimed awl scalded, and quite dead, The corpse of Thomas Pr i ce , the engine-driver, t was found nearer to the stack , and Jonathan Wood ford, who died soon after being discovered, a no great distance from him. Amongst the men most severely injured were the following :—Lewis Edwards, severe scalds and fractured arm ; Wm. Young, labourer, severe con tusicms and compound fracture of leg; John Powell, labourer, badly scalded and bruised ; Robert Saw, ditto. The scene at the works when the catastrophe he eeme known in the village was of the most heart rending description. The place was crowded wish the relatives and friends of the dead and wounded men, and the shriek s o f th e wome n and child ren rent the air. The damage done to the works has been variously estimated at from 2,5001. to 4,0001. and a sad conse quence of the accident is that during the repairs some 200 men will be thrown out of work. `At an inquest held upon the bodies, before W. Brewer, Esq., coroner, it was proved that Pike, who is a steady man, was at the time quite sober, and that he was generally very careful in the ma nagement of the engine. The jury returned a ver dict in each case of "accidental death." DIRECT TRADE OF THE GREAT LAKES AND GREAT WEST WITH EUROPE. In the years 1853 and 1854 we published Chicago circulars, calling the attention of the corn trade to this, comparing it with that of the Black Sea ; but we could never induce our friends to send cut orders, as they looked on it as a thing impossible that a ship should come through au in land navigation of 1,600 miles of lakes, rivers, and canals, and then cross the Atlantic, " Europe di rect" being considered a myth. In 1856, the Dean Richmond arrived in Liver pool from Chicago in 61 days, out of which she lay seven at Quebec, proving the practicability of the trade. The Times, foreseeing what a vast business would be done direct with the Great West, gave the ship's log, devoting a leader to it. This season the three-masted schooners D. C. Pierce (called after Captain Pierce, of the Dean Richmond; the pioneer of the trade i . b. D. B. Sexton, Corrrespon dent, Black Hawk, ieftain, L. H.. Carman, Col. Cook, E. S. Adams. C. J. Kershaw, avertiging 400 tons register, have sailed from American lake ports for Liverpool, with cargoes of wheat, flour, black walnut, and staves. Others were to follow ; and from Canadian ports the Alliance and Indian Queen, with many more loading, so that the trade may be considered fairly established. As the canals do not admit vessels of more than 10 feet water, few British-built ships can engage in the trade ; but should our owners think of doing so, iron vessels 146 feet overhead, 26 beam, and 13 feet hold, or deeper, if they could carry full cargoes on 10 feet draught, would be suitable. These are the dimensions of the.vessela navigating the Welland Canal. Fre:ghts from Chicago being ateut 10s. to lls. per qr., or 50s. per ton, with return cargoes of railroad iron and manufactured goods at the same rate, the voyage ought to be aproatable one. The vessels could convey passengers out. The whole charges of the Dean Richmond, 388 tons register, fur steam-tugs, canal dues, acd pilotage, on ship and cargo, were 621. Since then the canal dues have been reduced to 3td. per ton on ships ; 2s. Bd. on salt, iron, or coal ; 3s. 9d. on pork, cern, oats, and barley ; 4s. 9d. on be6f, wheat, flour, or butter, all in currency. It. is the custom for the shipping to pay all dues which are included in the freight. If the vessels were pro vided with a ten or twenty-horse power propeller, they could steam through the Straits of Belle Isle, St. Lawrence, canals, and River Detroit, saving time and towing. At the present prices of grain iu Chicago, corn could be shipped at 365. ; spring wheat, 325. ; red winter, 275. ; and white, 425. per 4801 b., cost and freight, for the United King dom, which are several shillings per qr. under those from the Black Sea. Goods are carried by rail in the States at twelve miles an hour, by steamboat at eight, and by canal at two, the cost of freight by canal being three times that of steam, and rail five times, so that the advantages in time and cost can be seen in shipping direct without transhipment. The average cost per ton from New York to Chicago, and vice versa, is 48s. between lake and canal, being almost as great as the freight direct to England. —Belfast Mercantile Journal, THE NAVY. (From the Times.) A. story is told of the famous French financier Ouvrard, when he had fallen into disgrace with Napoleon on the failure of his great Spanish opera tion. The Emperor, who had a very masterly method of conducting an argument, wound up the dispute by committing his antagonist to solitary confine ment at Vincennes. Ouvrard was not ,afraid but that in due course he would recover his liberty as soon as the Imperial finances fell into confusion ; the point was, not to go mad in the interval. The change from the fierce excitement of his ordinazy life to the unbroken monotony of a prison -room was more than man's intellect could bear and yet remain in a sane condition. Ouvrard managed to procure for himself a packet of pins ; he counted them carefully, so that he should be sure of- his reckoning, and then tossed them up to the ceiling, that they might be scattered as confusedly as pos sible over the floor of his cell. He then steadily went to work to pick up the pins, and never rested until the tale was complete. Again and again, and day after day, the operation was repeated, un iil Ouvrard regained his liberty. Now for the appli cation of this little story. It would be profane to speculate upon the hopes and fears of the Lords of the Admiralty as to their future intellectual sanity, but they have been handling the British fleet ex actly as Ouvrard handled his packet of pins. They carefully count over the number of ships in com mission, and they do not exactly toss them up in the air, for that would be difficult, but they paythem off. When they are paid off they re-commission them, and so on. On one point the analogy between the two cases breaks down, for Ouvrard's idea was an economical one ; it entailed no expense either upon himself or anybody else. The practice of the British Admiralty is, however, one of which the cost is frightful, and still worse remains behind. When you have altogether exhausted the chapter of cost, it must further be considered that by a repetition Of this ingenious process one ship's company after another is broken up, and cannot again be re-or ganised without infinite trouble, and after great loss of time.. If these painstaking gentlemen—for they do take great pains in the wrong direction— would but consider what a complicated machine a ship-of-war is when, by the energy of her com mander and the exertions of her officers, her crew has been brought into a perfect state of discipline, they would not be so ready to resolve this compli cated pi ece of workma n ship int o its comp o ne n t ele ments. The human machinery is far more difficult to fix than the cranks, and cogs, and levers, and piston-rods with which the engineer's room is fur nished. To make 'evtry man know his fellow, to make each rely upon all, to make each man do his best iu the post for which he is best fitted, is not so simple an operation at it would appear at first sight to - be. A return to nn, order of the House of Commons has just reached IP, which gives us the cost of re fitting and re-commissioning in 1858 the follow ing ships, which were paid off in 1857. In this estimate is included the value of the stores re turned as no longer serviceable when the ships were paid off, and also of those which were sup plied in their place , Expense of re-fitting on Name. re-commission In 1858. Duke of Wellington ............ £17,650 Arrogant 19,913 Cressy Nile E ary alus Exmouth 11,912 That is to say, in the aggregate, this series of operations has cost the country no less a sum than 81,388/., and all to what end I It can scarcely be said, that b. cause the time of service bad expired therefore it was impossible to keep the crews together. Sailors, when they are well treated, are glad enough to remain in a ship which has become to them a home, and with messmates to whom they have been long accustomed. Beyond doubt, Jack will take a run ashore, in order to convince himself by personal experience of the exceeding discomfort of absolute liberty ; but a very few days, in ninety nine cases out of a huncla ed, will see the end of his run. In the case of a comfortable ship, well com manded—that is to say, where steady, not worrying discipline, is enforced—the great bulk of the men would be willing to engage themselves again before going down her side, upon no harder condition than that of leavefor a few weeks' run on shore. Regular men-of-war's men will come back as it is ; but then, under the present system, a good ship's crew gets scattered about areong half-a d ozen s hip s , i n p l at© of being kept together, which is the . desirable point. W e are we ll awar e that the red-tapists, or let us say the blue-tapiste, of the Admiralty, will be ready to point to endless regulations of their own devising which would render such a measure as keeping our trained crews together next to impracticable ; but they should consider that the regulations are for the benefit of the service, not the service for the benefit of the regulations. It is certain that the thing could be done, if the gentlemen at head-quarters would but set to work about it. Even if the cap tain must be changed in order to give other captains a chance of employment, it does not f o ll ow th a t t h e ship's company should be broken up. Surely any officer who succeeded to the command of any one of the ships which we have named would have been too glad to find a well-trained crew ready to his hand. This question is one of the most important which can be brought unthr the consideration. of the Admiralty. Now that we have given up impressment it is, confessedly, a very difficult matier to procure a sufficient number of seamen for the isaval service of the country. The inducements held out in our own raercantde marine are very great, and many a wandering tar is induced by fair promises of higher pay to ship in the service of a &reign flag. This tendency could, of emrse, be corrected by raising the scale of wages to a point which would render the position of a seaman in our navy better than any which he could hope to attain elsewhere. But this is a policy to which we have not yet had recourse either for the navy or the army. It is, indeed, possible, .by entering into certain calculations, by taking one scrap of advan tage here and another there, to prove that a well conducted seaman who adheres to the royal service is, in reality, better off than one in the mercantile marine. The mere rate of wages at any given time is far from being an accurate test of a seaman's position. But how can we expect that ignorant and impulsive men should consider this question in a spirit of cool calculation and fore thought ? The position of a seaman in the British navy is not at the first glance so superior to that of a merchant sailor that we can hope to convince seafaring men of their advantage in taking service Under the Government. We can, however, do much by consulting, within legitimate limits, the feelings and interests of the men. Any sailor would in the first instance prefer the service of the coun try. He lives, in far greater comfort on board a Queen's ship than in a merchant vessel. He does not dislike order, discipline, regularity ; convince him that he has not necessarily resigned his liberty for too long a term, but that it depends upon him self to renew his service, and he will be ready to dose, if he likes his messmates and his ship. We now break up the crew almost as soon as it is well formed. The Admiralty seem to think that as soon as a, body of seamen have been trained to act to gether and to know each other well, the best thing that can •be done is to scatter them again about the world. Any naval officer would tell his supe riors, if he were not tongue-tied, the difference between a ship's company which has been afloat for a couple of years and a company taken out of port for the first time. Such a fleet as that under Lord St Vincent, towards the end of his Mediterranean command, we shall not readily see again ; but if the late Baltic Fleet could have been held together we should not have heard much discussion as to the best method of manning the British Navy. NAVAL I.NTELLIGEINCE. The iron paddle steam-vessel Bloodhound, Lieu tenant and Commander Chas. R. Robson, and the paddle steam-sloop Hecate, Commander George F. Burgess, recently returned from the slave preven tive service; on the west coast of Africa, were pa'd off at,Woolwich on Saturday morning, at the dock yard, and the crews were granted leave of absence. The Bloodhound was commissioned in Dec., 1856, and the Hecate in February, 1857, and during this term, prizes were made of two schooners named the Chatsworth and the Niagara, sailing under American colours, and engaged in the slave trade. It appears that a portion of eta crew of the Blood hound have not been on -the best terms with their commander, more than ono petty officer having been disrated, and -the result was that on Saturday last a small number expressed a wish to purchase their discharge. After some remarks from the com modore superintendent, these men wisely decided not to throw away the advantages of continuous service—in addition to 121. for their discharge, and were subsequently entered as disposable supernu meraries on the books of the Fisgard flag ship ; the gallant commodore promising to iuve/tigate the cases of those men who had been disrated. During her term of commission the Hecate expe rienced much sickn(s=, no leis than seven of the crow, including assistant surgeon W. J. Butler, having died from fever. After receiving their wages on Saturday, the crew assembled at the Ship Hotel, opposite the dockyard gates, when a deputation of the body waited on the chief surgeon, Mr. W. T. Wilson, and presented to that officer a handsome gold watch, of the value of 271., which bore the fol lowing inscription ''Presented to Dr. W. T. Wilson by the ship's company of her Majesty's ship Hecate as a mark of their admiration for his unremitting attention and kindness to the sick during the late fever that visited the ship on the coast of Africa." The watch was presented to Mr. Wilson by Colour Sergeant G. Lock, Royal Marines. The °emu, 91, Captain Frederick, fitting out at Portsmouth, has obtained half her complement. The freight-ship Rochester, Heather Master-Com mander, has commenced unshipping war stores at Chatham dockyard from Portsmouth and Devon port. Captain the Hon. Thomas Fowler Hastings, late in command of Hannibal, 91, screw, and superin tendent of the steamer reserve at Portsmouth, has taken up his appointment as Captain Superinten dent of the Royal Hasler Hospital, vice Captain Sydney Colpoy Dacres, promoted to flag rank. • The Avon, 3, paddle, Second Commander John Palmer, sailed from Devonport on Friday for Scot land, for new raised men. The Buffalo, screw, from Sierra Leone, arrived at Ascension on the 11th May, and left on the 26th. The Curacoa, 31, screw, Captain Thomas H. Mason, hauled out of No. 2 dock at Portsmouth on Saturday, and will complete her defects during the present week in the fitting basin, after which she will proceed on a Channel cruise. The Dee, steam store ship, Master Commander Pullen, arrived at Devonport on Saturday, with machinery, from Woolwich. The Diadem, 32, screw, was cru;sing off Devon _port on Friday morning. On Saturday the usual midsummer examination of the pupils of the Greenwich Hospital Schools took place in the presence of Sir J. Pakington, First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Dwaine, and Admiral Martin (ilso of the Admiralty), Sir J. Gordon, Governor of Greenwich Hospital, and a humerous company. The boys were exercised in the usual ship drill, which was performed in a very creditable manner. They were them deployed in line, the band of the schools playing several popular airs, under the direction of their conductor, Mr. Wilkinson, their lordships passing up and down the line, inspecting the lads very minutely, and being thence conducted by the Rev. G. Fisher (accompanied by the Rev. J. Hill, the head-master of the Upper School, Mr. F. Riddle, master of the Nautical School, and Mr. E. Hughes, head-master of the Lower School, Fellows of. the Royal Astfe nomical Society) to the class rooms. The boys, to the number of 800, were then re-formed, when Sir J. Pakington expressed the gratification he felt at tho proficiency displayed in the various departments of their studies. The pupils of the Upper School, he observed, after receiving their education in the school, left and entered upon the severvi branches of professional and private business pursuits ; but those of the Lower School, numbering 400, he found were more especially educated for that pro fession in which their forefathers had served, the naval service of their country, and which service he hoped the greater number of Owe he was then addressing, cn the expiration of their term in that establishment, would be found to enter. Their lordships then proceeded to the bathing establish ment and gymnbsium, where 200 of the boys went through some remarkable performances, and were thence conducted to the dining-hall and dormi tories, with the whole of which they expressed their entire satisfaction. GIBRALTAR, JUNE 22. Her. Majesty's screw line-of-battle ship Royal Albert, 121 guns, Vice-Admiral of the Blue Lord Lyons, preceded by the gunboat Vigilant, arrived in the Bay at 11 o'clock this morning from Malta. The Conqueror, Princess Royal and Centurion, ships of the line, and Wanderer gunboat, remained at Malta ; the Vulture had been ordered to Tunis. The gallant admiral will await here the arrival of his successor, Vice-Admiral of the White Arthur Fanshawe, who is hourly expec , ed from Ports mouth in the new screw ship Marlborough, 131 guns. Lord Lyons is to land this afternoon on a visit to our Governor. The Vigilant is now coaling alongside the New Mole Quay preparatory to re turning to Malta on the arrival of Admiral Fan shawe. THE ARMY. The troop-ship Eastern Monarch, 1,849 tons, Commander H. Morris, which has been taken up by the Hon. East India Company for the con veyance of reinforcements to India, has arrived at Gravesend, where she has been inspected by the Commandant and the officers of the staff at Chat ham garrison. She will embark her troops to morrow morning. The following is the amended detail of the troops who pr,:ceed to Kurrachee in the Eastern Monarch—viz., 40 men of the 7th Royal Fusiliers ' • 280 men of the 52d Light In fantry ; Captain Charles A P. James, Ensign A. W. Crozier, and 72 men of the 70th Regiment ; 12 men of the 81st Regiment ; Ensign Ramsay Steuart and 80 men of all ranks of the 94th Regiment— total, three officers and 484 non-commissioned officers and men from the battalions of infantry at Chatham. The Blenheim freight-ship embarked at Spithead on Saturday the following troops for India :—En -1 sign Barker, 2 sergeants, 2 drummers, and 138 rank and file of the Ist Battalion of the GOth (Royal Rifle) Regiment ; Major G. H. Bligh, Captain Bales, and 30 rank and file of the 2d Battalion ditto. She weighed anchor at 6.30 p. au. for Cal cutta, with a fine breeze N.E. The authorities at the War Department having decided, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State for War, to make a considerable augmenta tion in the Royal Engineers, by the addition of four more companies, two of the companies have been already formed at the head-quarters of the corps, Brompton-barracks, Chatham. Each com pany numbers 116 non-commissioned officers and men, and has been formed chiefly from the troops who have recently joined that corps ; the two new companies are numbered the 33d and 34th. As soon as the two remidning, companies have been formed the .st►ength of the Royal Engineers will be raised to nearly 5,000 men. The four addi tional companies. are to be kept for home service, and will supply the place of those which have re cently proceeded' to India. THE NEW ARMY WARRANT. --r The Royal Commission appointed to revise the Army Warrant of 1854 has made its report, and the new warrant, embodying its recommendations, may be expected in the course of the ensaing week. In all probability the principal changes likely to take place will be found to be as follows :-1. The in crease of the fixed establishment of general officers from 234, the number settled by the commission of 1854, to 250. 2. The replacement in their proper position of those colonels whose promotion to the rank of major-general was stopped by the advancement of officers junior to them for dis tinguished services in the field. These latter officers will conlinue to enjoy all the pay and privileges of their promotion, but will not be counted on the fixed establishment of generals until the time at which they would have come in upon it in the ordinary course by seniority. All future promotions for distinguished service to be made in the!same way so than those who gain their promo tion shAll not do so to the exclusion of other officers. 3. The abolition of the rank of lieutenant-colonel, the • restoration to. their old position of those lieutenant-colonels who have been passed over by the warrant of 1854, and the advancement of all existing lieutenant-colonels to the rank of colonel. There will also probably be some change as regards the position of colonels who may be given the com mand of brigades, the effect of which will be the creation of the rank of brigadier-general. The im mediate consequence of this warrant will be the proniotiOn of 16 colonels to the rank,of major general, viz.-16 to provide for the increase of the establishment from 234 to 250, and 10 who have been hitherto kept back by the promotion for dis tinguished service of Major-Generals Airey, Rose, Searlett, Buller, Eyre, Windham, Havelock, Inglis, Hope, Grant, and Mansfield. The senior colonels down to Colonel I. R. Young, half-pay, sth Foot, will thus attain the rank of Major-Generals, and theifpromotious will leave vacant the offices of in specting field-officer of the London and Dublin recruiting districts, and the lieutenant-colonelcies of the Coldstream Guards, 87th, 10th, 99th, and 83d Regiments. —Morning paper. DR. LIVINGSTONE AT TEE CAPE The Cape papers which came to hand on Satur day contain full reports of the farewell dinner at Cape Town, to Dr. Livingstone and the officers of the Zambesi expedition. The Hon. W. Porter, attorney-general, presided ; and Captain J. M. Hill, civil commissioner and resident magistrate of the Cape district, occupied the vice-chair. Oo the right of the chairman sat his Excellency the Gc vernor, Capt. Bedclingfield, Mr. Justice °loe, Rev. t. d Moffatt, Rev. Dean Douglas, T. Baine, Esq. ; and on his left were Dr. Livingstone, Jus tice Bell, R. Thornton Esq., Hon. H. Rivers, and the Rev. Mr. Livingstone. The toast to Dr. Livingstone was propoSed by his Excellency. Dr. Livingstone, in acknowledging the toast, said :—lf you will allow me, I will explain to you how I mean to endeavour to follow up till disco veries which have been made. The central part of the continent we now stand upon was supposed for a long time to be a great sandy plain. Certain rivers wore known to be flowing in towards the centre, but they were not known further, and they were supposed in consequence to become lost. But instead of that, the grand view burst gradually on my mind of a very fine well-watered country ; and not only that, but of certain well watered healthy localities on both sides of the country which were suitable for a European residence. Efforts have been made for centuries to get into the interior of Africa ; but, unfortunately, it has been always attempted through the unhealthy parts near the coast. On the southern part of the country, we had the Kalihari desert, and the expedition which was sent out from Cape Town under Dr. Smith was prevented from penetrating the interior by this same Kalihari districta The unhealthy coasts presented a barrier on both sides ; and this desert presented an obstacle on the south : but when Messrs. Oswald, Murray, and myself succeeded in passing round that desert, then we came into a new and well-watered country beyond. When I passed into that country, I had not the smallest idea that there was such a want of cotton as I found to be the case when I went borne to England. But there I saw the cotton growing wild and almost everywhere, and that sugar was collected all over the country (although the people did not know that it could be produced from the sugar-cane) ; and I found, fur ther, that this was a great market for labour. When I lived at Kolobeng, men left that tribe, and I found some of them within 200 miler4C3pe Town, seeking to obtain work. Now here we have the produce and here we have the labour, and I hope we may secure a healthy standing point, froin which Europeans may push their commercial and their missionary enterprise to the unhealthy regions be yond. We proceed, first of all, up the River Zam besi, and have the full authority of the Portuguese for so doing. This river is very large ; it is difficult to convey to the people of such a dry country as this an idea of its size, but the narrowest part that I saw seemed almost to be equal to the Thames at London-bridge. It was not known to be a large river, on account of its bein g separated into five or six branches at its mouth, before it reaches the sea. But, when we get inland, we have a noble stream, and we have at least 250 miles of the stream with out a :single obstruction. Then we come into a large coal field, and this seems to contain the ele ments of future civilisation. Then I may state that, as we have to examine the river, our expedition will be a practical one. It is not like those that have been sent to the North Pole. We hope to have something to show when we come back. Our bota nist is au economic botanist, and the geologist is a practical mining geologist ; and the naval officer, Captain Beddingfielcl, e 'has had a great deal of ex perience, in African rivers, and has not been deterred by the fear of suffering from African fever, any more than myself, from volunteering to go on this expedition. He goes to examine the river system, and give us correct information about the river system and its navigability. And then we have an artist and *a photographer, to give an idea of what is to be seen in the country. But I think this expedition is placed in a somewhat peculiar position. I never heard of another expedition teing similarly•situated. My companions are all put on their mettle. They are aware that it is very well known that when alone I did something ; and if we don't do well now in this expedition, people will say, " Why, those fellows have prevented him from doing what he might !"—(laughter)—so they are all put on their mettle, and I have the greatest confidence in their desire to accomplish the great objects of the expedition. We find that in the middle of the country there are a great many branches of the Zambesi. - Several of them I have examined myself, and found they went out a few miles—some ten or twelve miles--and then came in again to the main stream. Now the natives pointed out a number more, and they say these other streams come out of the main branch, and enter it again, after passing some hundreds of miles. This is a most interesting point ; because if the departing and returning branches are really seen—then we may go up them in the small steam launch, and have a navigable pathway into an im mense extent of country beyond. We shall not be then obliged to pass the great falls of Victoria, which c innot be passed in any'vessel. If we h ave a navigable pathway into the country beyond—then there is a prodigious extent of country, all well adapted for the cultivation of those products which we now get through slave labour. And what I hope to effect is this : I don't hope to send down cargoes of cotton and sugar ; perhaps that result will not be in my lifetime. But I hope we shall make a beginning, and get in the thin end of the wedge, and that we shall open up a pathway into the m terior of the country, and by getting right into the centre have a speedy passage by an , open pathway, working from the centre out towards the sides. When going into the country we don't mean to leave our Christianity behied us. (Cheers.) I think we made somewhat of a mistake—indeed, a very great mistake—in India ; but where we are going—we shall have no need to be ashamed of our Christianity. We go as Christians ; we go to speak to the people about our Christianity, and to try and recommend our religion to those with whom we come in contact. I have received the greatest kindness from all classes of people in the interior. I have found that only when we approach the confines of civilisation the people become worse. Such is the fact—the nearer we come to civilisation, we find the people very much worse than those who never have bad any contact with the white man.' We hope we shall be able by our conduct to recommend our religion to those with whom we come in contaet ; at .d I hope Chris tian merchants and Christiat lien will go into that country and form a standard for commencing operations amongst them. I thank you all heartily for the kind manner in which you bare received me, and although I acknowledge that the hand of Providence is iu all that has befallen me, and in directing the attention of men to those objects which He means them to work out, yet I feel most grateful to you—the instruments of His grace." (LouA c heers. ) The Rev. Mr. MOFFATT in responding to a toast in his honour, uttered into an explicit history of his missionary labours in South Africa ; and re- 1 ferred to the salutary influence which he had exer- 1 cised over the once potent Africaner, And, th e now renowned Moselekatze —an influence which he hoped to turn to good account in respect to the ex pedition to be undertaken by Dr. Livingstone ; and he expressed a fervent hope of having the plea sure, at no very distan t t day, of shaking hands with the doctor and the members of his expedition iu the vicinity cf the Zambesi River. After a stay of four or five days, the Livingstone expedition Jett Simon's Bay on the Ist of May, for the Zambesi, her Majesty's steamer Hermes having preceded her to see her safely over the bar. Mrs. Livingstone, on account of indisposition, remained with her f a th er , the Rev. Mr. Moffatt. The Governor has since announced his intention to pro pose to Parliament the formation of five interme diate posts between the colony and the Zambesi, with a view to establish a line of monthly commu nication, which, it is estimated, can be carried on at au annual cost of less than 250/. DEODORISING AND DISINFECT LNG PROCESS,. At a moment when the state of the Thames and the possibility of purifying its noxious waters are subjects of so much interest to all classes in the metropolis, any proposition by which so desirable an object would be likely to be attained possesses a claim to .public attention. As various as are the positions and pursuits of their authors are the schemes by which this wished-for end is sought to be accomplished. By some it is contended that every plan which has been shadowed out with that view must prove futile, except that in accordance with which the filth of London should beinter cepted before it reached the river, and at an outlay of millions conveyed into the sea ; while in the process of deodorisation and disinfection, others maintain, is to be found the most simple and least expensive solution of the difficulties by which the question is beset. With the view of showing how much might be effected by that process some inter esting experiments took place on Saturday last, at the chymical works of the Messrs. Condy, at Bat tersea. The agent employed upon the occasion was Cundy's patent disinfecting fluid, which consists of solutions of manganate, or per manganate of soda or potash—salts which, in consequence of their containing and emitting with facility a large quan tity of oxygen, are peculiarly applicable to purposes of disinfection and deodorisation. Used as a test of the purity of water these results were obtained, that while distilled water assumed and retained to a great extent the purple colour of the fluid when mixed with it, organic matter was indicated inthe caseof spring and less pure water, by the rapid decolorisation of the disinfecting substance. The action of the fluid as'a test of the comparative purity cf different waters having been thus ascertained, its operation as contrasted with that of lime, which is new being used at au expense of 1,5001. per week to obviate the stench wising from the river, was shown by the following process. Two large glasses were filled with sewage water emitting a most offensive odour, that in one of the glasses being subjected to the action of lime, while into the other a small quantity of the disinfecting fluid was poured. Both these substances operated effectually as precipitants, but it was alleged that, whereas in the case of the former deodorisation simply had taken place, in the case of the latter actual disinfection had been produced, owing to the fact that the organic im purities contained in the water which had been subjected to its influence had undergone a process of combustion, and that the cause of the odour or putrefaction had in consequence been perma nently removed, instead of being merelytemporarily disguised. In illustration of this view the test of its capability to retain the colour of the disinfect ing fluid was applied to the water in each of the glasses, when the continued presence of organic matter in that which had been treated by lime, and the absence of such matter in the instance in which the fluid had been used, would appear to be established by the decolorisation in the one case, and the retention of the colour iu the other case, of the disinfecting agent. The result of the application of such an agent at the various out lets of the sewers running into the Thames would be, in the opinion of the patentees, to obviate a nuisance which has now assumed so serious a character. It is admitted that the process would involve a considerably larger outlay than would be necessary in the case of lime, but then the Messrs. Condy contend that that outlay would be more than counterbalanced by the value of the de posit which would be created under the operation of their scheme, and which they say would retain all its fertilising properties, while that created under the action of lime had been proved by exs perience to be completely worthless as a fertilising agent. Nothing, it may be added, could be more complete than the success of the fluid in rendering the impure water upon which it acted clear and devoid of all offensive odour. How far it would tend to solve the great Thames problem it is for the proper authorities to determine. RAILWAY TRAM() RETURNS. TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE WEEK. Miles opened, 1858. NAME OF RAILWAY. BRITISH. Aberdeen .• •• • • • • ••• • • • • • • Belfast and Ballymena • • .... . Belfast and County Vown • • • • • • • • • • Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Bolton,Fsfackburn,and West York .... Bristol and Exeter • • .... • Caledonian. Chester and Holyhead.• •..•• .• •• •• Cork, Blackrock, and Passage •... • • Cork and Bandon .• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Dublin and Belfast J unction ........ Dublin and Drogheda•• • • • • • • • •• •• • • Dublin and Kingstown; . ..... ........ Dundee and Arbroath •• .......... Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen Junction Dundalk and Enniskillen • • .......... East Anglian•• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • East Lancashire • • Eastern Counties and Norfolk.. • ••• Eastern Union • • • • • • • . • Edinburgh and Glasgow ...... ....... Edinburgh. Perth, and Dundee—. .. Exeter and Crediton........ Furness hallway ... • Glasgow. and South-Western...... .. Great Northern. Great Southern and Western (Ireland) Groat Western .....• Irish South Eastern .• Lancaster and Carlisle.. • • • • • • • • • • • • Lancashire and Yorkshire..• • • • • • .... Leeds Northern Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport.... London and North Western •••• London and Blackwail•• ............ London, Brighton, and South Coast.: London and South We5tern......... Londonderry and Enniskillen • • ••• Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, &c. Manchester, Sheflield,and Lincolnshire Manchester and SouthJunetion— Maryport and Carlisle •• • • • • • • • • •• .• Midland Aildland Groat Wos torn (Irish) •• Monklands • • • • •• • • • • • • • . • Newcastle and " North British .............. North Stallordshire ........ North-Western ••.••••• • • • • • • •• • . Scottish Central . Scottish Midland Shrewsbury and Birmingham ••• • .. Shrewsbury and Chester .. • • • • • • • • Shropshire Union • . • • .• • • • • • • • • • • • South Devon .........•••••• •••••••• South Eastern•• •• •• •• • • • • •• •• •• •• •• South Wales .. • • .... •• • • .......... South York., Doncaster, and Goole .. Taff Vale •••••• ..... ••••• •••••••••• Ulster. •••••• ..... ••••••••••••••••• Waterford and Limerick • West Cornwall Whitehaven Junction ............... )Cork and Newcastle, and Berwick & York and North Midland & Leeds.. 26% 118 195% _6% 183% 283 203% 465 25U 103 28614: Li( 192 M 28934 173% _9% 301% 171 108% 12% 662 1,124 2,957 7,353 12,661 6,858 297 1, 1 56 1,845 2,021 649- 1,033 909 6,932 27,423 5,318 3,216 6,867 20,386 7,287 33,152 6,896 26,079 58,031 1,754 18,036 17,310 657 10,167 915 31 ,W1 4,289 7,234 3,473 7,113 22,115 7,203 34 260 5,644 6,580 861 3,013 1,618 2,780 1,135 7,113 27,958 67,563 1,E60 17,458 17,932 705 7071E10 Dutch Rhenish • • • • • • .. •• .• •• • • •• • • Lyons and Mediterranean .......... Montereau and Troyes • • .. Namur and Liege .. • • .......... • • •• Northern of France ••• • • • •• • • ••• • • • Orleans and Central ...• .•• .• Paris and Lyons ... .............. Paris and Rouen. .. Paris and Strasburgh ............ Rouen and Havre • ..• 00000 •••••• W est and North-West of France •... BIRTHS. 11,184 1,279 1,009 34,148 4,881 5,217 7,942 9 3 I.' 2,977 20,992 6,7% 2,368 4,262 1,463 1,890 2,915 1,037 21,543 7,242 2,401 4,768 1,410 3,458 3,222 39,727 38,439 =--- I SAUNDERS—On the 26th May, at Dhurmsala, in the Panjab, the wife of Reginald Floyer Saunders, Esq., a the Bengal Civil Service, of a d tighter. FORREST —On the 2d inst., at Derby, the wife of Augwstugg R. Forrest, Esq., of a daughter. . - LOPES—On the 30th ult., at Efford Manor, near Plymouth, the wife of Henry Lopes, Esq., banister-at -law, of a daughter. MURRAY - Oa the Ist inst., at Byfleet, Mrs. Robt. H. Murray, of a daughter. TRELAWNY—On the Ist inst., at Harewood, the wife of H R. Trelawny, Esq,, of a daughter: P' haled I has bee poliele: curring annual the del •f grac MAII,B,IAGES. HANKEY—MEADE —On the Ist just., at Castle Cary, John A. Hankey, jun., Esq., son of J. A. Hankey, Esq., of West bourne-terrace, to Charlotte Henrietta, youngest daughter of the Rev. R. J. Meade, vicar of Castle Cary, and pre. beudary of Wells. WEsTALL—HAwssmtv--On the 3d inst., the Rev. William Westall, M.A., late curate of St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, to Selina Emma, yo un g est dau g hter of the late William Hawksley, Esq., of Lowndes - street, Belgrave-square. DEATHS, FALKLAND. -011 the 2d inst., at 32, Albemarle-street, Amelia, v iscountess Falkland. FRICKSIC—On the 22d ult., at West-street, Boston, Thomas F r i e ker. Esq., Alderman, m an y y e ars proprietor of the Lixeolcshiro Herald," aged 47. GREENSHIELDS-011 the 24th Ult., at Bellevue House, Kilmar nock, Thomas Greenshields, Esq., aged 79. HENDERSON— On the 2d inst., at 27, South Clerk-street Edinburgh, Thomas Henderson, Esq., M.D., late of the E.I.C.H. S. NORRIS—On the Ist inst., at Lower Streatham, Anne Eliza beth, relict of the late James Norris, Esq., of Spencer Lodge, Wandsworth-common. f,ONDON Printed and Publish©d by ALURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of Middlesex, Monday, July,.s, 1858. Receipts. 18b8. 1857. Priv ?it, 1: No fees place, 7 oans o N.B. Assure, Leing d Tr 7, B; The haying Comea, the D e Trav el] lame t, Instil dents, I with a Frospe the Ch! I tions every Admit at the Cram( CLOS It char FETE TAIN Circus nnabk they h carafe] turdst, Stalls, Portan Marke MART, receipt A' WALt nary a and Generi Perfor Jerald' T N Cl and B Bpeels Daily cluft fresco ennis SI Mornl 3 o'ci, 33, 01 C' The for th, TIIE jEI 7, BI Wm, Sam John The May, Polk 'take •nt 1831 1841 1841 1841 185] The Ditto!' Twi . Its to one 4 Tbi Atx Cl thr ; For Man, Indlg vet sle PUI He Sic A% en; its for i ribve tood Bud Snarl