The Sun. — London, England, 1860-05-24 00:00:00

THE DERBY DAY. The Derby Day, and all relating to it, is a tale 'which has been told more or less completely for the last 84 years, and, to do it justice, we may say it is about the only tale that will bear telling so often. One fine Derby Day is, in a general way, as like another as two peas, yet even the most constant frequenter of the race finds in its rush and whirl, its fun, noise, toil, and hurried incidents, something ever new. It is all nonsense to talk of it as a race only. Will, any man of a calculating turn of mind, who looks at the dresses, the smart turns out with heavily . gorged hampers lashed behind, tell us that racing is the object of it all, or will he not rather be of our opinion, and regard it as the metropolitan pic-nic, London's only Carnival and great day out ? It is all very well to gloss the matter over by an measional reference to the " Kerrekt Kard," or some mild talk of latest betting " at the Corner," o dd s ," " fields," " favourites," " dark horses," and other turfite " shaves." But the men who are going to the Derby because every one else goes there, and who evinced as much eagerness to be off as if they owned half the starters, in reality would not much care if the race was to be run in four-wheeled wag- Bons. The Epsom epidemic which seizes Lon doners on this occasion is a very subtle disease, the influence of which is not felt in all its force " till the sun gives promise of a goodly day." Then it is that everybody yields to the mania, from the little children carrying large ones who sit in the dust and shout at everything on wheels, up to those venturesome youths who are seized with such sudden indisposition the night before as to be quite incapable of attending to business, &c., and who now show the rapid progress of their malady by appearing behind cigars, white-hatted and little dolled, dashing aside their blue veils with graceful nonchalance, and making believe as if they did not want to wear them. The Elephant and Castle is the great rendezvous for such choice spirits. Not that they care about the road ; the road may do well enough for ladies, but they go to see the race, of course. As turfites and sporting characters, therefore, they interchange third-rate racing scandal loud enough to attract the notice of the seedy in dividuals who have been betting thousands with ostentatious secrecy among themselves. Notwith standing the magnitude of their transactions, how ever, these betting men are very affable—very ; and, though standing to win or lose ten thousand pounds, they are nevertheless open to small offers, and, addresses being exchanged, book bets of a pound or 30s. with suspicious greediness. Coach load after coach-load of such frolicsome pets roll away, some of whom have already so far antici pated the pleasures of the day that even thus early they require a friendly hand to steady them in their seats. It is ten o'clock, the traditional dust has risen to its full height, the weather is hot, the road swarming, and the Derby Day begins. It is all very well to rail against the dust, but it is our deliberate conviction that the Derby would be a failure without it. People dress for it, look for it, and almost like the taste of it, when it comes. There may, however, have been a little too much of it yesterday, for the road was marked by a dense ridge of stony particles of such consistency that it seemed hard to believe it would ever disperse again, but remain suspended evermore a permanent feature of the landscape. Each cortege seemed to be waited on by its own particular si moom, which hung upon its track with suffocating pertinacity, reducing " horses and colours of the riders" to one dull arid hue, which rendered recog nition of friends or features difficult. Is it possible to ascertain the precise number of luncheons lost yesterday through:friends on the Downs being thus disguised completely in gritty atoms ? The road yesterday was much the same as here tofore—that is to say, as indescribable as ever. On it might_be seen everything that would go upon wheels, and not a few which, as it eventually tarned out, would not go at all. There was every thing in the way of vehicular contrivance—grand, moderate, seedy, and used-up—from the very fast drag down to the humble costermonger's cart, or the not much better postchaise which had been a pigeon roost any time these months past in the worst inn's worst yard. The quadrupeds, as a matter of course, were as numerous and not less varied, comprising a liberal percentage of those that wouldn't go and those that couldn't, and never should have been tried at all. All through Clapham and Cheam the road was lively, and the turnpikes as annoying and obstructive as ever. The "villa residences" and " eligible family man sions" were stuccoed over with fair spectators, beginning with young ladies in charming morning costumes in the gardens, making believe to be in different to drags and guardsmen, and ending at the upper windows with a perfect show of babes and nurslings, apparently not a whit the less interested because they knew nothing of the matter. All the " Minervallouses," and " young ladies' seminaries," too, were well represented, the young ones occa sionally darting across the road, as Punch's cab man would say, " as if it was their private gard ing," or pausing timorously upon the brink of the path with such noire helplessness as engaged the sympathy of the young men whirling by, and not the less effectually because the belles appeared to bear their check with cheerful patience. Passing Merton, the evidences of mishaps became more numerous, and now and then was met a party leak ing wrathfully at the ill-conditioned brute that had brought them to grief, and which was slid contem plating his hoofs with unswerving obstinacy, or else, as.near the course, it was a bony animal who hid 'died outright, and r,eltteed the blue-veiled clerks to the unpleasant necessity of passing the night under a hedge or getting into the shafts them selves. Of course, for theee last there was no want of consolation in the way of liberal (-Mrs from the passers-by to let their friends know where they were, that the servant might be sent for them at bedtime, with friendly intimations now and then that the lamented decease of the quadruped would necessitate their calling for " orders" next day on foot. It seems strange, but it is no less true, that somehow or other it is generally the very ambitious equipages which thus fall•short. The costerrnonger, with his family of nine inside and a select circle of immediate relatives on the shafts, manages to jog on well enough. The hill up to the eourse is, however, the great touchstone of equine merit, and at this point it is astonishing the unanimity with which the horses appear to entertain the idea that they have done enough. The " go 3 animals, that have been entering short protests on their bind lrgs all the way down, now come out in their true coloure, and the result is a dead stop for some 10 minutes, till the refractory brute is lashed into a field, when it is suddenly discovered that another animal—of course in the narrowekt part of the road -has be come so reconciled to Standing still that it is diffi cult to persuade him to move on again. At last, however, mingling with the crowd of pedestrians from both railways, the whole stream pours on•to the course, and settles down for a time, if we may so term it, into a vast metropolis, in all save the houses. Yesterday it was crowded as we have seldom Been it. The Hill, the Stand, the Corner were black with one dense mass of human beings of every grade, from peers to pickpockets ; and all numerous "Aunt Sally's" were this time too many for their admirers, and their battered countenances were left unnoticed by the crowd who thronged in little groups all over the course to gaze upon the real battering of countenances afforded by a glove repe tition of the contest between Heenan and Sayers. There is no disguising the fact that the " noble art of self-defence," as exemplified yesterday by the minor luminaries of the Ring, all over the ground, was the attraction of the day. Even the licibt of science paled before the excitement of " etc P in" , " feinting," or " hitting with tb% l e f t, " and ;th e oe h,men with voltaic batteries, hitherto so patronised, in vain besought the passers-by to take the most astoni-h -jug shocks for "only one ha'penny." Panda anti Judy, performing monkeys and precociow, children ; dogs wearied and foot-sore, but still on their hind legs staggering through a weak performabce in spite of tempting morsels thrown them by the mis• chievous, were all disregarded when a ring was formed for &tic science. The crowd at once gathered round the scene of the mimic combat, where the - usual formalities of the Ring were observed with droll precision, and where, somewhat moved by ap plause, but greatly animated by subscriptions, the men proceeded to hit each other with a skill and vigour that drew blood freely from both mouth and nose. Acrobats, organ-boys, gaily-dressed Italian peasants from Whitechapel, gipsies dispensing shil ling fortunes (chequered, however, w;th:large fami- Lie; and lawsuits), nigger melodists and German bands, prick-the-garter and conjurors, painted clowns, performing birds, and even the red-haired villain with the three cards, who laughs at the police and always reaps such a rich harvest on these days, become as things of no account when " two big ones" set to. In some encounters there was a very fair amount of skill shown, and, con sidering that the day was hot, the hitting hard, and that the sallow vagabonds had been at it all the day, exhibition of endurance was not the least astonishing part of it. The first race on the Derby Day is very much akin to the first dull piece on a Boxing-night. It enables people to take their places, and nothing more. Yesterday it seemed scarcely to answer even this slight purpose, for che course was again thronged as soon as the horses passed. It was not till the clamour of the bell warned people that the event was near at hand that the multitude fairly settled down for that great race, on which, one way or the other throughout the country, more than a million is annually staked. The course gets cleared at last even of the wretched dogs who are so worried, and the very stout gentleman who pants along the line, amid ironical queries as to which horse he is going to ride, and offers of odds that he will be in plenty of time for the Oaks. The police in vain say, "You must go out here, Sir," pointing to an impenetrable mass of spectators thronging round the spot where there was once an opening. The stout gentleman expostulates, and the people laugh till all minor squabbles cease as the horses canter up the course in twos and threes. Some take it leisurely as if they ran for the Derby once a week, others skim the ground like frightened deer, bounding along with heaving nostrils and distended eyes in spite of every effort of their jockeys to pull them in. Of course all want to see the favourites, and consult their cards forthwith, forgetting in their haste whether the rider had a pink jacket with scarlet seams, cherry coloured stitches, and red cap, or whether it was only a red jacket, with vermilion stitches, cherry coloured sleeves, and crimson cap. In the meantime others come fast upon the field, Tiger looking al most the best of any, though Mainstone, Wizard, Thormanby, Umpire, and Largesse of course com mand the most attention. They scamper away up the course and come back in groups, flying like the wind, and stretching their long necks as if all alive to the racing value of even half a head. As they go to the starting point a great hush comes upon the multitude, who seem feverish with expectation, and the silence is only broken by the gratuitous an nouncements of mouldy scamps outside the course that they " bet on this race to win or lose," what ever that may mean. At last there is a hoarse cry of " They're off!" and sure enough a group of horse men, showing, in their coloured jackets, like a par terre of flowers, struggle up the hill and then stop. It is a false start, after all. But the delay is only for a moment—again they dash forth—the bell rings a warning peal, and the race for the Derby has commenced. For a few seconds, which seem like hours, the group is hidden, but at last it emerges on the hill a little restless knot, which apparently a tablecloth might cover. The hum of expectation deepens into a roar of delight and wild excitement, and, as the dull reverberation of the hoofs is heard coming up the straight, there is a shout of " Hats off !" and some 200,000 people stand bare-headed, with their white faces all glancing in the sun, as they strain their gaze with painful eagerness down the course. Nearer and nearer comes the ruck of horses. Men shout, they don't know why, as the bright group, with some few horses leading, and all goaded to their maddest speed, come flying up. Hats go into the air, handkerchiefs are waved with cries and cheers and clapping of hands as they thunder up and past. It's Wizard !—it's Thormanby !—it's Umpire! shout the crowd, as they overwhelm the police and follow madly after them. No one knows any thing till pigeons are seen flying in all directions, and there is great cheering at the chair as a black and white number goes up at the post. It is Thor manby after all—and the Derby of 1860 is as much a thing of the past as the first race that was ever seen at Epsom. _ The defeat of Umpire was a great discourage ment to the American party, who had calculated •with much confidence upon being enabled to carry the Champion's belt add the Blue Riband of the turf to America. Prior to the race the owner of Nutbourne lodged an objection against Umpire, on the ground that the horse was not of the age de scribed. Mr. Merry was warmly congratulated on the success of his horse, and it is said that he wins, in bets alone, upwards of £70,000. Nutbourne broke down when running very prominently. (The numbers prefixed to the horses' names correspond with those on the card.) The EPSOM Tow` PLATE, of 50 sovs. (Handicap), for all ages. Winners extra. One mile. 13. Mr. Savile's Parmesan, by Sweetmeat, 3 yrs, Est 101 b (A. Edwards) 12. Mr. Drummond's Yooicks, 3 yrs, lot (W. Bottom) 2 2. Mr. Nichol's Bel Esperanza, 6 yrs, 9st (Bullock) 4. Mr. C. Thorp's Barege, 5 yrs, Sst 61b (Prior) 0 5, Mr. Angell's The Greek, 4 yrs, Bst 41b (Perry) 0 7. Mr. S. Jacob's Estella, aged, Bst (Potter) 0 8. Mr. Matthew's Merry Monk, 3 yrs, 7st 71b (W. Johnson) 14. Mr. Mellish's Mercury, 2 yrs, Est (Chapman) 16. Mr. T. Brown's f by Teddington—The Abbess of St. Mary, 2 yrs, sst 111 b (car. Est 11b) (H. Grim shave) 19. Mr. Neville's La Reux, 2 yrs, sst (Parsons) 0 Betting.-7 to 4 agst Parmesan, 7to 2 agst Yooicks, 5 to 1 agst Bel Esperanza, 8 to 1 agst The Greek. They tot away at the first attempt, Bel Esperanza lead ing for about a hundred yards. On settling down to their work Parmesan took up the running, and held a long lead round Tattenham-corner, Bel Esperanza going second ; after crossing the road Yooicks joined them first, the first two and Bel Esperanza dropping away beaten at the dis tance ; he made a good effort to head Parmesan, but never quite got, and was beaten by half a length ; a very bad third. Estella, Barege, Abbess of St. Mary filly, and La Roux were next pulling up. The DERBY STAKES of 50 soya each, h ft, for 3-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Sst 31b. The second to receive 100 sovs out of the stakes. Last mile and a-half. 224 subs. 21. Mr. Merry's Thormanby, by Melbourne or Wind hound—Alice Hawthorn, Bst 71b (Custance) .. 1 3. Mr. Nichols The Wizard,:by West Australian, dam by the Cure—Elphin, Bst 71b (A. French) .. 2 19, Captain Christie's Horror, by Wild Dayrell—Sally, Bst 71b. (Challoner) .. 3 5. Count F. De Lao-range's Dangu, by Fitz Gladi a t or , Bst 71b. (carried Bst 81b.) (J. Quinton) „.. 0 1. Lord Palmerston's Mainstone, by King Tom, Bst 7110 (S. Rogers) .. 0 2. Mr. l'Anson's Cramond, by Andover, Bst 71b (Robert son) .. . . . . . . . . . . 0 4. Mr. Tute's The Drone, Bst 71b (G. Fordham) 0 6. Mr. Wyatt's Nutbourne, by The Nabob, Est 71b (D. Hughes) .. 0 7. Mr. Harland's Sutton, by the Flying Dutchman, Bst 71b (J. Osborne) .. 0 8. Lord Stamford's Bentinck, by the Flying Dutchman Bst 71b (A. Edwards) .. 0 9. Lord Strathinore's Leprochaun, by Daniel O'Rourke 0 Bst 71b (Covey) .. .. 0 10. Mr, T. Dawson's Sir William, by Knight of Avenel, Bst 7lb (Bullock) 0 11. Baron Rothschild's Restes, by Orestes, Bst 71b (Charlton) . 0 12. Lord Derby's Cape Flyaway, by the Flying Dutch man, Bst 71b (Clement) •• •• •• 0 13. Mr. Howard's The Rap, by West Australian, Bst 71b (W. Boyce) 0 •. •. •• • •• 14. Mr. Gibb's Wall ace , b y M a l co l m, Bst• 71b (E. Sharp) 0 13. Mr. Heslop's The Tiger, by Newminster, Bst 71b (J. Snowden) 16. Mr. Sutton's Man at Arms, by Kingston, Bst '711) (Perry),.. 0 17. Lord Portsmouth's Buccaneer, by Wild Dayroll, Bst 71b (J. Goater) . 0 18. Lord Glasgow's Tom Bowline, by the Flying Dutch man, Bst 71b (Aldcroft) 21. Lord Zetland's Lanchester, by Voltigeur, Bst 71b (Marchant) 0 22. Sir C. Monk's Vesta, by Stockwell, Bst 21b (Hibberd) 0 23. Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Umpire, by Lecompte, Bst 7113 (L. Snowden) .. • • • • . 0 25. Mr. Merry's Brother to Rainbow, by Chanticleer, Bst 71b (J. Sharp) .. .. • • .. 0 27. Sir J. Hawley's Loiterer, by Stockwell, Bst 71b (Wells) 0 28. Sir J. Hawley's Largesse, by Pyrrhus the First, Bst 21b (Payter) _ •• • •• 29. Mr. Ci..arifur • d's Winton, by the Flying Dutchman, • Bst 71b (Norman) • •• •• .• .• 30. Mr. Copperthwaite's The Rising Sun, by Bandy, Bst 71b (J. Mann) „ 31. Mr. Gratwicke's Ebony, by Robert de Gorham, Bst 7lb (D. Plumb) „ „ 33. Mr. Jacques's High Treason, by Mildew, Sat 71b (W ithing ton) • . „ . • ,--- - - - BETTING. sto 2 agst The Wizard (offered) sto 1 agst Thormanby (taken freely) 6to 1 agst Umpire (offered) 7to 1 agat Natbourne (taken) 100 to 1 agst Buccaneer (taken) 20 to 1 agst Horror 25 to 1 agat High Treason 30 to 1 agat The Drone • 30 to 1 agst Restes 40 to 1 agat Crammond 40 to 1 agst Mainstone 50 to 1 agat Wallace 50 tc 1 agst Lanchester . _ 66 to 1 agst Sutton. _ THE RACE. At exactly 25 minutes prior to the time of starting the numbers of the 30 competitors were displayed on the tele graph board, The horses assembled at the post with the THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY 24, 1860. utmost punctuality, and walked in a body towards the starter. Just before reaching him, however, Leprochaun, Brother to Rainbow, Tiger, Umpire, the Rap, and two or three others, broke away, and the rank had to be reformed. This proceeding was soon accomplished and the ringing of the boll announced the start even before a large majority of the spectators were prepared for it, and the clamour in the Grand Stand enclosure suddenly ceased. The roar of ex citement which was sent up as soon as the horses quitted the post became hushed in an instant, and while every tongue was silent every eye was strained to discover the positions of the favourites. Bentinck was the first to show prominently in the race, and he took a clear lead as the horses ascended the hill ; following directly in his track were Man-at-Arms, Nutbourne, Rising Sun, and Restes. In the extreme rear were Sutton, Largesse, and Loiterer. Bentinck increased his lead half-a-dozen lengths on going up the hill, but before reaching the mile post he disap peared from the front, and Restes, who had been heading the ruck, took up the running with Nutbourne, Horror, Rising Sun, Man-at-Arms, Buccaneer, Brother to Rainbow, Thormanby, The Wizard, Dangu, and Umpire taking their place at the head of the ruck, On coming round Tatten ham corner the front lot were in close company,Nutbourne next the rails having perhaps a slight lead, with Restes. The Wizard, Umpire, Buccaneer, Thormanby, Brother to Rainbow and Horror well up in his stride. On crossing the road Nutbourne broke down and was pulled up, and soon after Restes was beaten. The Wizard then came to the front, and running in the middle of the course took a clear lead, followed by Thormanby, Dangu, and Horror. At the distance Thormanby passed The Wizard witkout an effort, and Horror took third place half way up. From the mo ment that Thormanby's colours were seen in advance, how ever, the issue of the race was not in doubt. He ran home an easy winn r by a length and a half, four lengths sepa rated the second from the third, and four lengths the third from the fourth. The " running up" horses were Sir Wil liam, Umpire, Buccaneer, Man-at-Arms, Cape Flyaway, and Restes, who passed the post nearly in the ordor named ; Loiterer and Wallace were the la.t two. Thormanby was twice nearly knocked on his head, and Wallace had a nar row escape of falling the instant the flag was dropped. The value of the stakes, deducting the money to be paid to the second horse, the judge, and towards expenses, is £6,050. The MANOR PLATE of 50 sovs ; 3-yr-olds, 7st 41b; 4-yr olds, Bst 101 b ; 5-yr-olds, 9st 21b ; 6 .yr-olds and aged, 9st 31b. Certain allowances, &c. The winner to be sold for 200 soya, if demanded. One mile. 12. Mr. T. Purr's Nerio, 3 yrs, ist lib (Clement) .. 1 11. Mr. Brayley's Pescatore, 3 yrs, 7st llb (Prior) .. 2 9. Mr. Angell's Watersprite, 3 yrs, Est 121 b (carried 6st 131 b) (Perry) .. „ „ „ .. 3 1. Mr. Morris's Apollo, 3 yrs, 7st 41b (Lambourn) 0 2. Mr. Hard's f by Nabob—Old Rowley's dam, 3 yrs, 7st llb (Wodekause) • • •• •• 0 3. Mr. Gulliver's Contract, 4 yrs, Bst 71b (Charlton) 0 4. Mr. Bunce's Lady Emily, 2 yrs, Est 121 b (J. Goater) 0 6. Captain Duff's Gorsehill, 5 yrs, 9st 21b (.1. Land) .. 0 7. Mr. S. Jacob's Canda, 3 yrs, 6st 121 b (T. Johnson) 0 Betting-5 to 4 agst Contract, 4to 1 apt any other offered. Watersprite made the running to the half distance, when Gorsehill showed in front. Opposite the stand Nerio came with a rush, and won easily by a length; half a length be tween the second end third. The filly by Nabob was fourth; Contract and Lady Emily next ; Apollo and Canda the last two. The BENTINCK PLATE of 50 sous. (handicap). Winners extra. Three-quarters of a mile. 18. Mr. Drummond's Yooicks, by Windhound, 3 yrs, 7st (W. Bottom) .. 1 16. Mr. Saxon's White Rose, 3 yrs, 7st 21b (Midgley) 2 21. Lord Stamford's Lava, 2 yrs, Est 21b (A. Edwards) 3 8. Mr. C. Thorp's Bareo- ' e, 5 yrs, Bst 21b (Prior) .. 0 9. Mr. Duncan's Lord Palmerston, 3 yrs, Bst (E. Sharp) •• •• •• •• •• , •• 0 19. Mr. Angell's Dapple, 3 yrs, Est 131 b (Perry) 0 20. Captain King's Joyeuse, 4 yrs, Est 91b (Hibberd) 0 22. Mr. G. Hard's Vitula, 2 yrs, sst 121 b (Wodehouse) 0 24. Mr. Hodgman's The Rock, 2 yrs, sst 121 b (carried 6st 11b), (H. Grimehaw) .. 0 29. Captain Archdalr s The Fawn, 2 yrs, 4st 71b (carried 4st 121 b), (Lawson) •0 G. Fordham weighed for Brandy Ball ; the horse, how ever, did not go to the post. Betting-5 to 4 agst Lava ;sto 1 agst Yooicks ;6to 1 each agst Fawn and White Rose. Lava made the running to the distance, when. Yooicks took it up. The three placed then had the race to them selves, Yooicks winning by a head, two lengths between the second and third. The BURGH STAKES, of 5 sovs. each, with 30 added. Op tional selling weights, &c. Half a mile. 3. Mr. Merry's fby Birdcatcher, —Vest, 2 yrs (£4O), sst 21b (carried sst 31b) (Daley) .. 1 8. Mr. G. Hard's Reaction, 2 yrs (£4O), sst 21b (carried sst 91b) (J. Adams) .. • .. 2 7. Mr. Newland's Chanoinc, 4 yrs (£10), 7st `lllb . 'kG, Fordham .. 3 1. Mr. Fleming's Vinca, 2 yrs (£4O), sst 21b (Thothas) 0 2. Captain Coates's Little Nat, 4 yrs (£4O), 7st 111 b (Salt) 0 4. Mr. Thelluson's Tzar, 2 yrs (£10), sst 51b ..(carried sst 71b) (Wodehouse) 5. Mr. Morris's Biddy Nutts, 2 yrs (£4.0), sst 21b (Pet - tingale) • 0 • • • •• •• •• •• 6. Lord Strathmore's Wee Polly, 2 yrs (£10), sst 21b (Parsons) 0 9. Mr. Gulliver's Macbeth, 2 yrs (£4O), 7st.3lb (carried 7st 41b) (Ducker) .. .. 0 10. Mr. Coverdale's Brother to Reme!y, 3 yrs (£4O), 7st ,711, (11. Ciricushaw) . . . . . . 0 11. Mr. Cameron's Rokeby, 3 yrs (£4O), 7st 31b (Mills) 0 12. Mr. W. Smith's Tadwerth, 3 yrs (£4O), 7st 31b (Dales) 0 13 Mr. J. Shelley's Quarantine, 2 yrs (£4O), sst 21b (carried sst 31b) (C. Searle) 14. Mr. Roe's Foretop, 3 yrs (£4O), (Spooner) .. 0, Betting-2 to 1 agst the Vest filly, 4to 1 agst Chanoine, 6 to 1 each agst Biddy Nutts, Wee Polly, and Quarantine. The Vest filly made all the running, and won by three lengths ; the same between the second and third. ante. They would take the restoration of the transit and town duties as a matter of course, but the introduction into India of direct taxation is calculated to arouse all their latent feelings of opposition. "In this Presidency we are in the midst of a series of well-considered reforms, which. carried to completion will change the face of the south of India. The people are in excellent temper; the Government has their full confi dence, and a very few years will suffice for the accomplish ment of the object. A new survey and settlement are in progress, whereby the land tax will be moderated, equalised and fixed. The vast number of small landed estates, hitherto free from land tax, spread over the face of the Pre sidency, under the name of ' Inams are being converted into freeholds, subject to the payment of a quit rent, commut able, at the option of the holder, for a single payment at twenty years' purchase. Freeholds are likewise being created in favour of the holders of building land and of lands in the hill ranges, suited for the cultivation of coffee and other products of European enterprise. The forma tion of the new police is going on in most of the districts of the Presidency, under circumstances of difficulty from which the introduction of the same institution into Ire land and England was not exempt. We hope, with the sanction of the home authorities, shortly to commence the amalgamation of the Supreme and Sudder Courts in a single High Court, and to strengthen and improve the subordinate courts. Above all, we have just com pleted the first general revision that has ever been made of our native revenue establishments. This strikes at the root of the greatest evil with which the south of India has been afflicted—the redundant number, and the ill-paid irresponsible character of the native revenue officers. Now, if these three tax ordinances are passed, this full course of m ell-matured and successful improvements will be arrested in the midst. Even if the state of the popular mind per mitted our going on with it, the time and strength of the Government and its officers would not suffice for both ob jects. The European officers of all grades are already over • tasked, and they would be absorbed for an indefinite time to come by the efforts reqult ed for the creation and working of the new machinery for the new taxes. The pains which have been taken to protect the people by limiting the num ber and improving the position and character of the native officers would especially be rendered of no avail ; and swarms of har, ies would again be let loose upon the coun try, armed with powers far exceeding those of their prede cessors." After alluding to various questions connected with public works and loud improvements, Sir Charles proceeds:— " If we use the strength which our present advantages give to force obnoxious taxes upon the people, we shall place ourselves in a position towards them which will be totally incompatible with a simultaneous reduction of the native army. We cannot afford to have a discontented people and a discontented armyupon our hands at the same time." Sir C. Trevelyan concludes by contending, with reference to the position of his own presidency, that there is no deficiency, but a positive surplus, in the revenue of Madras, a calculation which he supports by several series of official tribulations, inferring that a district which pays its own charges ought not to be compelled to contribute towards the deficiencies of other parts of the country. The Madras Council, as a body, are said to concur in the opinion expressed in this minute. Written " memoranda" to that effect have been published from three members, though not, it has been stated, by their own consent. Sir Patrick Grant, the com mander-in-chief of the Presidency, briefly expresses his general adhesion. The Hon. R. Maltby and the Hon. W. A. Morehead enter more at length into the question, and discuss some alternative projects of finance, but unite with Sir C. Trevelyan in con demning the scheme proposed by Mr. Wilson, and approved by the Government both at home and in Calcutta. At a meeting of the Legislative Council of India on the 14th inst., Mr. Wilson in moving the second reading of the Income Tax Bill, took occasion to reply one by one to all the objections which had been urged against it. It so happened that the main arguments brought by Sir C. Trevelyan to bear against the measure consisted chiefly of en forcements of the objections which had appeared in the native papers. Mr. Wilson, in proving the unsoundness of the basis on which these were founded, was enabled, without expressly naming Sir C. Trevelyan, to reply to the objections argued in his Minute. Referring to the charge that he had consulted the interests of the Europeans, and neglected those of the natives, he stated emphatically that perfect equality between all classes of her Ma jesty's subjects was the principle and touchstone of the Govermental scheme. He showed that the reduction of duties on articles of Euro pean manufacture was made because the revenue was failing from diminished consumption ; he pointed out that special care had been taken to re move duties from articles of Indian produce, in every case where the imposition of duty caused a diminished price to the producer ; that, on the other hand, on those articles which met with no compe tition in Europe, and the incidence of taxation on which fell on the foreigner, export duties had been increased, to the great gain of the revenue, and without any diminution of their market value in India. He alluded to the imposition, for the first time, of taxes on the profits of European traders, ancioli-the salaries of public servants, and asked if these. nitre evidences of favouring Europeans at the `of the natives. Alluding to the second charge against the Go vernment, of unwisely imposing new taxes for the purpose of reducing the debt in India, Mr. Wilson met it with an absolute denial. He asserted, at the same time, that it was his object to phase the finances of the country on so satisfactory a footing that the revenue might furnish adequate provision for the absolutely needful demands upon the State. But Mr. Wilson stated, " the most serious charge brought against :us is that of two courses which were open to us to make both ends meet, that is, by reduction of expenditure or by increase of taxes, we have deliberatelp chosen the latter of the two." This complaint, he observes, " pervades the large mass of native papers which is now lying before me in more or less distinct terms, and the same has been insinuated, if not directly made, in other quarters." On this point Mr. Wilson argued that it would be impossible to adopt a course that had been proposed and revert to the expenditure of 1856-57 ; that even were it possible it would be a delusive course, for the normal condition of the country in those years was one of annually recur ring deficiency and:constant recourse to open loans ; that the change in the character of the army, by the increase in it of the English element, had greatly augmented military expenditure, one Euro pean soldier costing four or even five times as much as a native. T'nis change, in itself vitally neces sary, would render a recurrence to the proposed expenditure impossible. He further pointed out that measures had been taken to reduce charges as much as possible, but that the necessity for consulting so many distant authorities would render any reduction a work of time. As one of the difficulties in the way of effect ing immediate retrenchment he instanced the mili tary expenditure of Madras. A year ago the Government of that Presidency was very sanguine that it could effect great reductions in its military expenditure, and was confident that the annual outlay on that account would not exceed £2,780,000, The actual expenditure in the given period was £4,300,000. Reduction, however, had been effected at Bombay and in Bengal, and was now being car ried out at Madras; but all these reductions were computed in the estimated deficiency of six-and-a half millions. In this deficiency, too, the expendi ture on account of public works was computed at its lowest scale. Provision which must be made for the carrying on of works now suspended must be made in addition to the computed deficit. Mr. Wil son further pointed out that it was not military ex penditure alone that had increased ; there had been a steady advance in other departments likewise. A glance at the following table will show the exact increase that has taken place in expenditure other than military in the three Presidencies since 1856-7 Expenditure other than 1857-58. 1859-60. Increase military in Bengal,the North-West, and the Puniattb Ditto in Madras Ditto in Bombay 13,359,000 16,021.000 2,4365,000 2,539,000 3,125.00 0 586,0 0 3,192,000 3,800,000 314,000 Total • • • • £3,565,000 In the face of this increase, with the necessity for maintaining, a more costly milirary force, and of establishing improved police, with the fact before the Government that since 1853-7 an additional annual charge of £2,000,000 sterling to the debt had been incurred, and a deficiency of £6,500,000 been created, how was'it possible to make sufficient reductions to balance the expenditure by the revenue ? Other objections to the general scheme—the proposal, for instance, to exempt the salaries of clerks from its operation—a dislike to the nature of a tax upon income—the idea entertained in some quarters that its novelty would raise opposition— were disposed of with great ability. Mr. Wilson showed that taxes now in force in many parts of Madras, such as the visa vadi and multtai ftj'a taxes, fell with a greater severity on the poorer and in dustrious classes than would those impositions by which be proposed to:supersede them. It is impos sible that any statement could be more clear and convincing than this portion of his argument. The speech wound up with an allusion to the Minutes of the members of the Madras Council, which I give in Mr. Wilson's own words : " Sir,—l sincerely wish I could here conclude what I have to say. But there is one subject of a most painful character to which it would hardly be respectful to this Council if I were not to allude, however briefly. While we have received the most cordial and unanimous support from all the local au thorities from whom we have had communications up to this ti me , w ith one s i ng le exception, opposition in that case has assumed a character which, I will venture to say, has no parallel in Indian his tory. I have reason to believe that those whom I now address were as deeply and painfully impressed with astonishment at seeing certain documents, proceeding from a subordinate of Government, in the public prints a few days ago, as the members of the Government themselves could possibly be, and their astonishment and pain must only have been greatly increased when they saw the tone in which those documents are conceived and expressed. Un less it had been intimated to us eipressly that they had beeti'made public on authority, of course we could only have arrived at the conclusion that they had found their way surreptitiously into print, But, unhappily, no secret is made as to the means by which they obtained publicity, and that, too, before they had even reached the Government of India. Sir, with regard to these papers, the Government of India can have no doubt as to the course which it is their duty to pursue. The public interest must obviously preclude us from entering into such a controversy ; and but for their publication, and the notice, slight as it may be, which thereon seems due to this council, I should not have referred to their existence. The Government of India have taken such steps as are due to the public interests and their own position in order to obviate the serious and grave mischief which it is possible may be caused by this act of what I cannot but term wan ton indiscretion. Sir, it would be idle not to ac knowledge that we feel all the difficulties in which the finances of India stood before, and the arduous character of the task we had undertaken, enor mously aggravated by these proceedings in a quarter where we had the least right to expect it, but, on the contrary, whatever may have been the indivi dual view entertained, we had a right to look for support. But, however much aggravated we feel our difficulties to be, we cannot for a moment hesi tate in believing it our duty to persevere in the mea sures which have received the stamp of such an ex tensive public approval, as being based on equitable ; broad, and intelligible principles, calculated, as we trust they are, to promote the lasting good of the country, and to ensure the future prosperity of India. I shall conclude by moving that this bill be read a third time. I shall then move the suspen sion of the standing orders, in order that this and the bill for licensing trades may be referred to a select committee, with instructions to submit their report this day fortnight." The bill has been submitted to a select committee, with a view to its being reintroduced into Council early in May. SIR C. TI?EVELYAIV'S FINANCIAL MINUTE. The minute, or rather protest, of the late Gover nor-General of Madras against the financial policy of the Indian Government has been published in extenso in many of the Bombay and Madras jour nals, and, as it is now confessed, under the autho rity of Sir C. Trevelyan himself. The minute ex tends to a great length, and we can therefore find space only for its more important passages :—The present project, he says, with its new income tax, licence tax, and tobacco tax, is advantageous to the European mercantile community, and therefore popular among " the ruling class which represents what we call public opinion." But with regard to the entire native population, it is " a leap in the dark." As to the principles of the question, Sir C. Trevelyan says " We are all ag,reed that the finance of British India must for the future be placed upon a solid foundation There must be no more palliatives. A clear increasing surplus must be established of annual income over annual expendi ture." With regard to the late increase of debt, he remarks that although the capital of the Indian debt has aug mented since 1856 from £59,141,052 to X 97,851,807, and the annual interest from 2l to nearly 41 millions, yet that the whole amount of liability does not exceed three years' revenue of the country, the English national debt being at least 12 years. The debt, he says, is the price paid for the construction of " the wonderful fabric of the Anglo-Indian empire," and the only course of policy to adopt is to " accept it as it stands," and never dream of paying it off, especially by means of taxation, which "is an extremely expensive process, a great deal more being taken front individuals than goes to the State." Passing on to the details, the Governor of Madras adverts first to the alleged deficiency in the Indian revenue, which Mr. Wilson had stated to be 6l millions. This he thinks untrue, or at all events much exaggerated : "No detailed estimate of income and expenditure is given. Those who know, as Idoby 19 years' experience, the extreme particularity with which the probable income and expenditure of the forthcoming year are calculated in England and submitted to the criticism of . the public, will be surprised at the scantiness of the information now fur nished. Everything hinges upon this estimate." Even if the deficiency really exists, Sir C. Tre velyan points to the large aggregate of cash ba lances in the hands of the Government, now amount ing to £19,600,000, against £13,398,000 last year, as an available source of supply so far as present necessities are concerned. Observing that " there are two modes of re-ad justing the national balance-sheet, diminution of expenditure and increase of income," Sir Charles argues at much length in favour of retrenchment as against additional taxation. "The cause of the present financial difficulty is the in crease of the military expenditure, and the remedy is to be found in the removal of that cause—namely, in a Corre sponding diminution of military expenditure. The deficit of next year is estimated by Mr, Wilson at £6,500,000; but the increase of military expenditure in the current year before the mutiny, is stated by him at £8,519,227, or the difference between £21,732,681 in 1859-60 and £13,213,454 in 1856-7." In his own Presidency the writer states : " A satisfactory commencement has been in the re duction of military expenditure. Mr. Wilson observes that, on comparing the number of troops in the different Presidencies in 1857 and at the close of 1859, he found the increase in Bengal barely 5 per cent., while in Madras it was 50 per cent., and in Bombay 30 per cent. Supposing the figures to be correct, the explanation is obvious. The old Bengal native army collapsed, and a more numerous native army has been raised in its place. The Madras and Bombay armies remained faithful, and were largely aug mented to suppress the mutiny of the Bengal army?' At the present moment, remarks Sir C. Tre velyan, " we stand in a position of great advan tage at the turning point of two policies" : " If we determine upon reducing a large portion of our native army and improving the condition of the remainder, the financial difficulty will overcome ;we shall have a feeling of security which we have not enjoyed for many years, and we shall be free to work out those improvements in the different branches of Indian Administration upon which the prosperity of the country depends." Sir C. Trevelyan then enlarges upon the disas trous consequences which, in his opinion, will result from the imposition of the new taxes, and which, as he believes, will cause disaffection, stop progress, and pauperise the country : " All people, are, of course, , averse to taxes ; but the native feeling in reference to the imposition of new taxes differs in kind from this, and is not so destitute of reason as may at first sight appear. The natives of this country have alWays lived under despotic governments ; and in the absence of any better means of placing a limit upon the exactions of their rulers, they have been accustomed to take their stand upon long-established practice, which they regard as we do our ancient hereditary privileges. Hence it has always been observed that while they are extremely patient under established grievances, they are always dis posed to meet new impositions by active or passive resist- HUNGARY. A new pamphlet on Hungary, " La Hongroie et !a Crise Europeennne," will appear in a day or two. [t doubtless awaits the sanction of the " Adminis. tration," of which there is but little doubt. Much importance is attached to this publication for more reasons than one, and the principal is from its being, as I am assured, the faithful expression of the opinions and feelings of those who are looked up to here and in Hungary as the leaders of the movement against Austria. I have selected the first and last chapters of the pamphlet, as giving a fair notion of the aspirations and plans of the Hungarian party. It opens thus : Europe is now in the midst of a serious crisis. From one end to the other disorganisation and reorgani sation are proceeding simultaneously. Her old con stitutive principles are each in their turn devoured by the spirit of the age. The pretended Divine right of monarchs is giving place to the natural and imprescriptible rights of nations ; the equili brium of states remain overthrown, while the har mony of nationalities is constituting itself. The great struggle between the dynastic and popular elements has now been in progress for 70 years, Europe, thirsting after peace and for ever harassed with war, will enjoy no sound repose, no certain future, until the victory is secured, not here and there, but everywhere at once, to the rights of nations over the sovereignty of monarchs. It was in obedience to this principle that Euro pean diplomacy, after the war in the Crimea, en dowed the United Principalities with a liberal con stitution, and strove to regulate their relations with the Ottoman Empire in a more equitable spirit. From this same principle sprang the war in Italy ; the powerful hand which let loose the tempest thought proper to arrest it in its irresistible course, by signing the peace of Villafranca. Every one is now well aware that the attempt did not succeed, and that the com plications of Italy are still far from a definitive settlement. The vital problem of modern times was also the cause of the insurrection of Hungary 1848-49. Though suppressed by the intervention of 100,000 Russians, whom Nicholas I. sent to the aid of his brother of Austria, the struggle revives in the movement, so unanimous, so peaceful, and yet so firm, of which Hungary for eight or nine months past has offered the splendid spectacle. Central and Western Europe watch this move ment with a breathless attention—a sympathetic anxiety to which, if I may be allowed the expres sion, Hungary has been but little accustomed. Before 1848.49—before that revolutionary drama in which liungary played so glorious a part—that conntry was for the rest of Europe a kind of terra ignota. After being admired for abrief interval as an heroic nation, even by those who allowed her, in contempt for all international law, to be crushed by the coalition of the Czar with the Emperor of Vienna, Hungary was soon forgotten again. Not a thought was given to her till 10 years afterwards, at a moment when she was thought ready to re spond to the cannon of Solferino—ready to co operate in the complete and definitive deliverance of the Italian nation by recovering her own inde pendence. Since the peace of Villafranca, which appeared to have ruined all her hopes, Hungary has never ceased to remind Europe of her existence, and Europe at last takes as much interest in the Hungarian question as if, from being internal, it was destined ere long to become external. From the very beginning of the great movement which now agitates the Hungarian nation the press of Germany, Italy, France, and England sympa thised with it. That sympathy has gradually ex tended to the public, and in the most important of all the deliberative assemblies of Europe—in the English Parliament--the name of Hungary has been heard. At this moment there, perhaps, is not a single journal which does not acknowledge the gravity of the Hungarian manifestations, nor a statesman who does not take a deep interest in them. The general situation of Europe, which we have attempted to sketch in a few words, and the situa tion of Austria in particular, sufficieNtly account for this anxiety. Diplomacy has long endeavoured to legitimise on international grounds the existence of that agglomeration of countries and nationalities, brought together by chance and retained by force, which is called the Empire of the Hapsburg ; diplomacy has raised Austria to the rank of a neces s4y for the balance of power, by proclaiming it the barrier of Western and Eastern Europe against the dangers which threaten both from the North. The events of 1854 and 1855 must have convinced the least perspicacious of diplomatists that Western Europe may safely rely on its own strength, and that, in any case, Europe cannot leave her defence to Austria, a Power unable to maintain herself. The famous barrier is visibly crumbling away, being attacked at the summit by corruption, and sapped at the base by the implacable hatred of the peoples, upon which it weighs with all the inert ness of .a dead body. This agony becomes still more critical for Europe, owing to the helpless condition of the " sick man." Only yesterday the Bourse of Paris was alarmed by a report that a Russian army of 40,000 men had crossed the Pruth. Whether the news be false or only premature, it is beyond all doubt that Turkey, and especially the Christian East, is rapidly approaching a new crisis, and that Russia begins to think she has waited long enough. Between these two " dying men"we see Hun gary all excitement, watching for the favourable moment to extricate herself from an insupportable state. if it is not her lot to give the two patients tie finishing bloW, she will surely precipitate or delay the catastrophe; the nature of the solution that will intervene evidently depends on her. What, then, can be more natural than to see the eyes of all diplomatists turned towards the banks of the Danube and the . plains of the Theiss That Hungary, though reputed dead, is still alive ; that Austria, vc hich was supposed to be in good health, is physically and morally exhausted, -is the conviction forced upon every impartial observer. Surprised or alarmed by this revelation, politi cians ask,—Might not Austria work her own regeneration by satisfying Hungary, and would not reconciled Hungary become, as in the 18th century, the firmest support of the Hapsburg-Lorraine dynasty P Tf Austria persists in refusing all serious conces sions—if Hungary, out of all patience, resolves to recover what they refuse to restore—what would be the character, what the result, of that supreme struggle ? The pamphlet then gives an account of the rela tions subsisting between Hungary and Austria. It explains how the revolution of 1848 was brought about; and it quotes the declaration of the Diet which formally deposed the Hapsburg dynasty as Sovereigns of Hungary. The following is the con cluding portion of the work : Any reconciliation with that House is henceforth impossible. We' owe it to the laws of God, to our country, to morality, to honour, to Europe, and the interests of civilization, to proscribe this dynasty from the throne of the Kings of Hungary; to leave it to the judgment of God and to the abhorrence of publie opinion, of morality and honour. Hungary henceforth forms a European state, free, self-go verned, and independent. Are the eminent patriots who possess the confi- Jenee of the nation and who direct the present' movement now prepared for this extremity ? lam not sure of it ; still I have good grounds for think in-, so. But it is certain that the declaration of independence of April, 1849, if repeated in May, 18G0, would be received with general enthusiasm throughout the country, and abroad would have far better chances of success than it could have had 12 years ago. The reader must already understand why the immense majority of the Hungarian population at present see no other possible issue from the crisis than the complete rupture of the bonds which have ever been the bane of Hungary, and which Austria, during these last two periods, has rendered absolutey intolerable. We have also demonstrated that the Cabinet of Vienna itself indicates this solution as the only one possible, when it formally condemns the system of govern ment it has imposed on Hungary since 1849, and yet it has neither the courage nor the honesty to relinquish it and satisfy the demands of Hungary, which it has also acknowledged to be just. The attitude of Europe with regard to the efforts of Hungary for self-liberation cannot possibly be the same now as it was in 1819. Time has ad vanced, and the situation is infinitely more favour able for Hungary. In its very defeat that generous nation showed in 1849 that it was more than a match for the great Power called Austria. The assistance of 200,000 Cossacks and the treason of a Hungarian General were required to vanquish the hastily raised army of the Honveds. Since 1849 Hungary has shown that brute force cannot subdue ber. In other words, Hungary has convinced even the most sceptical that she is full of vitality. Would Europe refuse to a strong nation the possi bility of becoming independent—to a nation full of life the right to live ? We do not think so, and less than ever at a moment when everything is in favour of enfran chising nationalities, of rendering nations masters of their own destinies. " Hungary for the Hun garians," is surely the logical and inevitable corol lary of " Italy for the Italians Neither France, which has supported this just and beneficent idea with equal courage and generosity, nor Great Britain, which seems seriously jealous of the im mortal glory and European popularity secured by France from this liberating effort, will now wish to prevent the Hungarians from doing with their own means what the Italians have ac complished with the aid of French treasures and French blood. Russia will not again give Austria an opportunity of " astonishing Eu rope by her ingratitude," as Prince Schwarzenberg boasted after the Russian invasion of 1849, Prussia is beginning to see the advantages she would find in following her own providential destinies, in standing forth as the representative and champion of liberty and progress in Germany. She cannot now so far forget herself as to realise the hopes which for an instant she held out to Austria during theJtalian war, by promising to assist her against any general revolt in Hungary. The openly sym pathising attitude of the two Western Powers in favour of the new changes preparing in Italy, and the passive, observant attitude, of the Northern Powers justify these hopes. The events of which the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies is now the scene can but encourage Hungary to declare the popular will, and hasten the general enfranchisement of na tions by regaining her own liberty. At a moment when each nationality is constituting itself Austria persists in creating a polyglot chaos. Each of the elements composing her empire follows its own na tural course ; and, that being exactly contrary to the course so unwisely adopted by the Hapsburgs, it is natural that an Italy and a Hungary should revive and consolidate themselves on the soil which has borne for so many centuries the deplorable sway of Ferdinand 11., Leopold 1., and their worthy apostolical successors." GREENJITICII BOSPHAL. Greenwich Hospital is among the few picturesque institutions which remain to England. A foreign traveller, after giving an account of the spectacle presented by the House of Lords on the opening or proroguing of Parliament by Majesty, after dilat ing on the gilded hall, the throngs of ladies, the gorgeous costumes of Embassies, the quaint but impressive robes of Peers and Judges, and the lawn sleeves of Bishops, generally devotes a chapter to the beautiful work of Wren, placed so strikingly on the bank of a tidal river, with its aged inmates, dressed in the traditional costume of the Navy, tot tering about with their wooden legs, or sunning themselves under the gray columns of their hospi tal, The institution is certainly a noble one, and Lord Macaulay does not carry his partiality too far when he says that the affection of King William 111. for his Queen has been " attested by a monu ment the most superb that was ever erected to any Sovereign." For 150 years Greenwich has been the ',fug° of a body of men without an equal on earth for courage, and devotion, and long service, rendered in all simpleness of heart to their country. The long and almost unbroken period of naval war which extended from the breaking out of the Ame rican Revolution to the Battle of Waterloo filled the hospital with veterans whose lives were almost an index to the history of the British Empire. Nothing more romantic or adventurous could be ' imagined .than the narratives which even a few years back some of the oldest men were able to give of fights under Jervis or Nelson—of cruises to in tercept Mexican silver, or rich cargoes from the Spice Islands—of cutting out expeditions—of the capture of Sugar Islands—of the landing in Egypt, in Flanders, or in Portugal. But time and altered circumstances have, it is said, wrought a change for the worse even in this time-honoured asylum. If man does not innovate for the better, says the philosopher, time will innovate for the worse; and so it has been with Greenwich Hospital. For 50 years there has been no naval war to speak of. In that time the wealth of the country has increased enor mously, the means of livelihood possessed by our seaman have become larger and more various, the education and the desires even of this uninstructed class have been developed, and a berth in Greenwich Hospital is, unfortunately, not now that object of ambition to a worn-out seaman that it was during the first thirty years of this century. Increasing complaints and the falling off in the number of the pensioners induced her Alajosty to issue a commis sion of inquiry, and in November last the commis sioners began their labours. Their report has now been made, and has just been presented to Parlia ment. Greenwich Hospital was founded in the year 1694, in memory of Queen Mary, who had long had at heart the foundation of such an institution. It was also designed to be a monument of the great victory of La Hogue. Wren furnished gratuitously the plans for the edifice. The objects of the foun dation were "to encourage the seamen of this kingdom to continue the industry and skilfulness in their employments by which they had for a long time distinguished themselves throughout the world ;" to encourage them to continue also their ancient reputation for the courage and constancy manifested in engagements for the defence and honour of their native country ;" " to invite greater numbers of his Majesty's subjects to betake them selves to the sea ;" " to promote the furnishing and supplying of his Majesty's Royal Navy with a com petent number of able mariners and seamen, who might be in readiness at all times for that service." These objects Greenwich has, on the whole, nobly attained ; to continue the usefulness of the institu tion has been the object of the Commission, and it lies with her Majesty's Government and with Par liament to take such steps as shall be necessary for Carrying into effect its recommendations. The rise and comparatively recent decline of. the Hospital are very interesting. The complement of pension ers, which in 1705 was 100 only, has been increased from time to time, as the requisite building and funds permitted, until it reached in 1814 its maxiniunz of 2,710 men. From its foundation the number of pensioners had gradually increased, but the greatest influx was, of course, after the naval battles which distinguished the struggle against the French Republic and the earlier Empire. The nominal complement for which accommodation is said to be provided is now 2,642 men, but there are berths for 2,352 only. The hospital is, however, so little an object of desire to sailors that almost half of these are unoccupied. Out of 61 wards which the building contain seven are at present closed. The falling off of pensioners has taken place almost entirely within the last 12 years, but during that time it has advanced with great rapi dity. In 1848 there were only , 11 vac ancies in the complement of 2,642 admitted by the hosp ital. In 1852, however, the vacancies were 180 ; in 1856, 720; and in •1860 no less than 1,124. The actual residents now are fewer than 1,600. For this progressive decrease there are, of course, several causes, the principal of which are the gradual removal of the survivors of the great war, the facility with which out-pensions may be obtained, and the opportunities of obtaining em ployment in the weineerrceghraen; to add," sa ß y u t t he among the causes is, Com missioners, "an unwillingness on the part of many seamen of the most valuable class to enter Green wich Hospital under the existing arrangements." The feature of the institution which chiefly deters applicants seems to be the absence of the " com forts peculiarly suited to old age and infirmity, and the prospect of. a provision for their wives, widows, and children." To insure these to the men will be to carry out most fitly the wish es o f Queen Mary. How not only the self-esteem of the men but their domestic attachments are disiegarded in the hospital system is fully shown in the report. The badges of good conduct earned by seamen in the royal navy are allowed to be worn, but, in contra-, 1 'or practical di s ti nc ti on. M en who distinction to flu army, they ca rr y w ith th em nei and even of war ractically dis ra t e d, an d m i ng l e d rank of petty t ii h a e v r e e a m m e a l t i i n m e d e n . L vith ordin ar y seamen and the service. "Distinguished rT.nt officers are p rs' standing, w h o h ave b een indiscriminately d in action, o r o th erw i se dis refuse of the nava , confounded with o th ers w h o sea men of many yea tive service at a ll, an d w h o ore rather to be rega wounded and maime led as labo urers or as abled on duty, are have never known at n domes tic servants than as sea men." The food of the pen s'ioners seems to be good and abundant, and the s y s t e Ln of messes not • objectionable; but .the dress appears not to be satl'sfatetory to the men. "At the time oz the founda, `do n," say the Commissioners, a t h e d ress th :w in us e there was the mark of a superior conditu:n in life, and was doubtless Now it is antiquated ; adopted on that ace: 0111 a- " he uniform of th e na v y, it has no resemblance ,fo t ranee not unfrequently and " its grotesque appea. a ttracts a notice little coionli. mentary to the wearer." But the most practical griows •nee is the small allow ance made to the inmate bej - ond his board and lodging. On entering the 1-10 b, nital he is made to relinquish any pension he may havegained in the service. He thenceforward recei yes, under the name of "tobacco-money," the sum oi c one shisling a week. This sum was fixed in the ea: 1Y days of the Hospital, when a shilling represented A larger exchangeable value than now. It is at present very inadequate to supply the men with the humblest comforts ; and, indeed, we can see but little differ ence between a fraction under twopence a day and nothing at all, so far as the gratification of the poor old men is concerned. " The practical effect," says the report, " of these parsimonious restrictions is at once offensive and demoralising ; they induce many pensioners to present themselves to visitors of this great national asylum in the character of ordinary beggars ; they force others to seek in places of the lowest description about Greenwich menial and de grading employments, and they tend to exclude the pensioners from social intercourse with all but those of their own monotonous fraternity." The remedies for these and other evils are pointed out by the Commissioners in a long report, which 'we recommend heartily to the consideration of the Ad miralty. A better classification of the men, an ex tended system of out-pensions, 'more attention to the wives and families of those residing in the Hospital, and a small increase in the sum allowed them for humble comforts, pill probably give Greenwich all its former popularity, and encourage the seamen of England to uphold their " ancient reputation foi the courage and constancy mani fested in engagements for the defonee and honour of their native countrv."--Times. COUNTRY MARKETS. NEWARK--MAY 23. The show of wheat from the farmers to-day was tolerable, and a moderate business was transacted at prices is higher. Barley in short supply. Oats steady. Peas ,at 458 to 55s per qr. White wheat, new, 56s to 63s Barley, grinding.. 30s to 33s Red do. s4s to 59s Oats, old, 28% to 338 Old white sBs to 62s New do 26s to 29s Red do.. 548 to 56s Beans.. ' 48s to 528 I Barley, malting.... 38s to 45s Beans, new 46s to 4Ss LYNN-MAY 22. The supply of wheat was limited, and there was a fair attendance. Trade ruled quiet, owing no doubt to the fine weather. Spring corn slow, at about last week's ratqs. Old white 50s to 56s 1 Old red ' 47s to 520 New white.. 4Ss to 54s 1 New red... ' 48s to 523 HULL—MAY 23. There was a very fair business doing in wheat to-day, and prices advanced 18; farmers firm. 'A good supply, and also a good attendance. Barley, oats, beans, and peas were in good demand. Wheat.... Old white.... pe! qr ... 54s Od to 59s Od Old red 7) New white .. „ New red .... „ Dantzic, Konb , &c. old white 53s Od - to 57s Ocl. Dutch, Belgian, and French s3s Od to 54s Oct Baltic and Hamburg, red s3s Oct to 54s Od St. Petersburg and Riga, old 4ss Od to 49s Od Barley.... English malting 3Bs Od to 42s Oct Grinding 32s Od to 34s Oct Saal and Oderbruck' Holstein and Danish 34s Od to Ms Oil Grinding Oats English, old Archangel and Riga, per st , f • Os 14d to 141c1 Friesland and Dutch osl4id to 0815 d Swedish and Danish oBl4d to osl4ld Beans ....English, old, per qr. . New pigeon 44s Od to 45s Cd New tic. 43s Od to 44s Od Egyptian Peas Foreign breakers Grinding Tares .... Spring Indian Corn Linseed, feeding . 48s Od to 52s Cd crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) Foreign Bl5 oto 9 5 0 Rape cakes Bones NEWCASTLE-UPON TYNE.-MAY 23. A firm trade in wheat, at about last'day's rates. Flour steady, and fully as dear. Barley in small supply, and difficult to sell. Oats quiet, but held at full rates. Peas and beans rather dearer. BRISTOL SUGAR-MAY 23. Of the late arrivals of British plantation sugar only one cargo of Barbadoes has been brought forward, and nearly all sold at about former rates. A large business has been doing in cargoes of foreign afloat. We have no sales to re port in rums•;• indeed, very few have been offering. TIE. 11/14:1Lq• MAILS DUE. Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South ampton) • • • • • • •• • • Overdue. , Do. (via Marseilles) June 4. Bahamas and Havana (via New York).. .. June 7. Canada, &c. (via Cork) .. May 23. Cape of Good Hope, &c. June 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) June 2. Do. (via Marseilles) May 27. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. .. May 25. India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) June 2. Do. (via Marseilles) May 27. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. May 25. Do. (via Marseilles) .. June 4. Lisbon, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, &c. .. June 5. Lisbon ' Vigo, and Oporto .. .. June 1. Malta, Egypt , and Men (via. Southampton) .. May 27. Do. (via Marseilles) .. May 27. United States, California, &p. is Cork) • . May 30. Western Coast of Africa, Madeira, Teneriffe .. May West Indies and Pacific, Carthgena, Cuba, &c. May 29. TILE DERBY . DAY.—The aspect of ,the town is not what it is upon ordinary'days. How flig lovely drags sweep past with the shin young men - in dusky paletots, and white hats, and, blue Vests, and Ilie`very members of the Sboeblack Brigade cheer them as theygo by, and love them because they are going to the DOr - by with a pomp and solemnity worthy of the occasion., It is just what the little fellows would do themselves if the balance at their banker's was in a more satisfactory condition. And then the great vans— the holyday vans—and the business vans converted into holyday vans. for. the occasion . I should really be afraid to make a guess, at the number of passengers each contains—speaking at random, I should be inclined to say any number between 30 and 60—without taking the dusty babies into account. The very horses seem to rejoice in the performance of their Derby duties, and cast encou raging looks out of the corners of their eyes, as if the addi tion of a few more passengers would fill up the measure of their hilarity and satisfaction. And now the Hansom cab men have rigged up their vehicles with veils to keep out the dust, and 'altogether have an appearance as though they would scorn to look upon the run to the Derby as a purely commercial transaction—what they really want is not an exorbitant fare, but the presence of a- couple of kindred spirits.—Once a- Week. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills.— Ulcers, Wounds, Sprains.—Bad legs, old wounds, and sprains, whether recent or chronic, yield with surprising celerity to the cooling, healing, and curative prgerties of this invaluable ointment. It may be relied upon in all such cases as have baffled the skill of our best hospital surgeons, no matter theleligth of time the malady has endured ; the ointment, assisted by a course- of Holloway's pills, will quietly but certainly reach the core of the complaint and thoroughly eradic Ito it, without additional impediments to pleasure or business. These remedies will' overcome the worst forms of disease and the foulest state of the blood; while in glandular swellings, scurvy, and all diseases of the skin, they are equally irresistible. H B A A 1 c , ti 1 ; BIRTHS. —On the 22 d inst., at Red Berry - grove, Forest- Ira. Robert Baker, of a dau g ht er . 00D.—On the 21st in s t., a t H ar d woo d H ouse, Han over-square, the Countess of Harewood, of a daughter. Sir.s-w.—On the 23d inst., at St. Norman's, Ewell, Surrey, Mrs. W. R. Shaw, of a son. MARRIAGE. ROSIER—WARREN —On the 22d inst., at St. Luke's, Chel • sea, James Rosier, Esq., of 8, Upper Church-street, Chelsea, to Emily Martin, the eldest daughter of Henry Warren, Esq., of Hortulan House, King's-road, Chelsea. TENNYSON—WEST.—On the 22d inst., atWrawlay, Arthur Tennyson, Esq., brother of the Poet Laureate, to Harriet West, eldest daughter of the late Rev. John West, rector of Chettle and Farnham. DEATHS. BRYANT.—On the 15th inst., at Blake lain, Poole, Dorset, Francis Bryant, Esq., aged 85. CRAWFORD.—On the 22d ult., at Bombay, suddenly, Lieu tenant-Col. H. G. C raw f or d , Bombay Erigineers. CORFE.—On the 20th inst Mr. W. T. Corfe, of Whitton, Middlesex. GRAHAM.—O n the 2lst inst., at 2, Park-brescent, Glas gow, Alex. Graham, Esq. GRIMES. —On the 22d inst., at The Elms, Shirley, near "Southampton, Henry Grimes, Esq., late of Cotton House, near Rugby, eget 85. MILES.—On the 21st inst., at North Villa, Regent's-park, Major-General William Miles, and of Ches • hunt 2 Herts. PARK.E.—On the 21st inst., at Brighton, Charles Parke, Esq., of Henbury House, Dorset, aged 6q. f..oNno : Printed and Published by MUJI.DO YOUNG of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of Middlesex, Thursday, May 24, 1860. t