The Sun. — London, England, 1858-10-05 00:00:00

G. a LEWIS ON PARLIAMENTARy REFORM. At the annual meeting of the Radnorshire Agri cultural Association, held at Knighton, Sir G. C. LEWIS, on rising to return thanks for drinking his health, said—Gentlemen, I return you my most cordial and sincere thanks for the ex tremely kind manner in which this toast has been proposed and received. I may also take the oppor tunity of expressing my entire concurrence in the sentiments - which my hon. friend Sir J. Walsh has so ably expressed as to the advantages of these as sociations, and the satisfaction I have felt from the time I had the honour of representing the Radnor shire boroughs, in attending your meetings, and contributing, as far as I have been able, to the suc cess and continuance of the association. I can enter into the views of those who think that even in the more advanced and improved parts of the country than that in which we live, which, from the charac ter of its soil and climate, is certainly not amongst the most advanced agricultural districts, agriculture has derived essential benefits from associations of this kind. Much more may we expect that the in terchange of ideas, the suggestions of experiments and other advantages that are derived from meetings of this kind must contribute to remove those ancient and obsolete ideas which naturally grow up among the cultivators of the soil when they are left to themselves, and where the population is so scanty that there is little communication between persons engaged in the same pur su it. Th e p ro p oser o f my health has been kind enough to advert to my con nection with the late Administration, and although this is a meeting from which political party topics are banished—and I would not say a word which would in any way offend the feelings of persons who might differ in politics from myself—yet I may be permitted to observe that, 100 kin, ,,, back to the state in which this country was when Lord Pal merston acceded to office, the state in which the army was placed, the condition of that army, and the uncertainty of the issue of the contest in which it was engaged within any limited period, I cannot but think that that Government may congratulate itself upon the manner in which that frightful struggle was terminated and by the conditions of the treaty which was signed at Paris. (Cheers.) I also think, whatever differences of opinion may exist with respect to the conduct of our agents at Canton—l have no wish to revive - a subject which gave rise to such angry feelings and so much ani mosity—but I say that all persons, whatever may be their political opinions, must concur in regarding the treaty which has recently been made public as a great advance in our commercial facilities, and as having settled a question of great difficulty, and one which all persons who look to the progress of our affairs in the East have admitted to be an object of undoubted gain to the country—namely, the opening of China to English and European en terprise. (Hear, hear.) Well, gentlemen, there is another subject, which, looking, not backward, but forward, might naturally suggest a few re marks at the moment, and which, having formerly been a subject of the most intense party interest and violent party contest, seems now to have be come one of those questions upon which all political parties are agreed. I refer to the subject of Parlia mentary Reform, for I observe from the reports of some late meetings of a similar description to that at which we are assembled to-day, it has been vir tually announced by some of her Majesty's Minis ters that they contemplate, at all events, proposing in the next session of Parliament a measure of Par liamentary Reform as a Government proposition. Well, if that party of which the Administration now in office forms a portion, proposes a measure of Parliamentary reform, that of itself must be taken as an indication that Parliamentary Reform is no longer a party question—(hear, hear)—inasmuch as in former times they were connected with a party opposed to Parliamentary Reform. I may say thus much without trenching upon political controversy, that those who propose a measure of Parliamentary Reform at the present moment must propose it with a view of remedying some distinct mischief, some defined political evil. (Hear.) They must have a distinct view of some evil which they propose to remove. Now, I would ask those who propose, at the present moment, to bring forward a systematic plan of Parliamentary Reform, to state distinctly what is the exact evil they propose to remedy ? Those who proposed the Reform Bill of 1832 had, I believe, in their minds a distinct con ception of the evils which they proposed to remedy, and the country had a clear notion of those evils. At that time there were large towns in this country which were wholly unrepresented —such towns, for instance, as Leeds, Birmingham, and Manchester, had no representatives. Some of the largest, the most populous, the most wealthy, the most important towns in the kingdom were un represented. On the other hand, there were certain individuals who, by , their power of nomination in small boroughs having scarcely any electors, were able to return to the House of Commons a consi derable number of members. Putting these two things together—observing that there were towns which were unrepresented and particular indivi duals able to return a considerable number of mem bers—we found that the House of Commons did not accurately and faithfully represent the general opinion of the country. Well, the change was made ; and I think it may now be fairly said that on all great questions, all important subjects, the House of Commons for the most part fairly represents the general opinion of the country. It may not always be the faithful exponent of the opinions of particu lar individuals, or even of particular districts ; but, looking at it generally, it is, I think, a very faithful exponent of the general sentiments of the country. Then it is said that the circumstances of the times demand a systematic plan of Parliamentary reform. I am not disputing that proposition, but I only say that any Government which brings or proposes to bring forward a plan of Parliamentary reform, is bound to state distinctly what is the evil they profess to remedy, and what are the defects in our present system which they intend to remove. I must be permitted to remark that those persons who think it is possible by some process of ingenuity to propose a Reform Bill which shall increase the power of a particular party, which s h a ll th row an increase of influence into the hands of a particular class of the community, arc entirely mistaken in their supposition than any measure, any contrivance, any device of that kind, will impose on the general intelligence of the country, or influence the decision of Parliament. In my opinion, in whatever form a Reform Bill may be introduced into the House of Commons, it will come out of that house a real Re form Bill, increasing the popular character of the Legislature. It will give greater weight to the voice of the people in the councils of the House of Commons, and if any Government should entertain different views, and propose a Reform Bill not hay ing that object, in my opinion they will not only be grievously disappointed in their expectations, but will attempt to pass off a deception upon the coun try. That must, in my opinion, be the necessary result of any proposal which may be made at the present time for Parliamentary reform, and I wi add that, as it seems to me, it is the only legitimate basis upon which such a proposal can be made. (Cheers.) lam very much indebted to you for the kind manner in which you have listened to the re marks which I have offered on this subject, and I thank you cordially for the manner in which you have drunk my health. (The right hon. baronet resumed his seat amidst loud cheers.) The toast of " Prosperity to the Radnorshire Agricultural Association" was then given from the chair, and the list of prizes having been read, Sir J. IVALsH rose to propose the health of the Chair man. Sir G. C. LEWIS, after returning thanks for the honour done him, said,—l must apologise for hav ing called your atention to subjects of more general interest than even that of agriculture, but there are not many occasions upon which Sir J. Walsh and myself, the representatives of this county, have the opportunity of addressing so large a body of our constituents. There is one sentiment to which my hon. friend has given utterance, and which I think will meet with general concurrence, namely, that we are not necessarily to identify democracy with lib er ty. We are not necessarily to suppose that progress in the direction of democracy w ill o f i tse lf , without proper guards and securities, increase our public liberties. (Cheers.) He has taken you across the Channel, and asked you to contemplate the political condition of the kingdom of France. I will ask you to look across the Rhine—to look to Ger many as well as to France—and say whether the hasty and ill-considered rush they made a Lim years ago in the direction of democracy has not ended in riveting despotism on their necks. Nothing is more obvious than that a hasty and ill-considered attempt to run by a short cut to the goal of demo cracy will land you in the very opposite goal. (Hear, hear.) I will, however, add one remark to those which Sir John Walsh has made, and that is that hitherto, in my opinion, all advances which we in this country have made in the direction of d emocrac y have likewise been advances in the direction of liberty. (Hear, hear.) That has been owing to the cautious manner in which the progress has been made, and to the manner in which public measures are proposed and considered in this coun try. (Cheers.) That which has been hitherto will, I sincerely trust, continue to be the case. It is with a view of contributing my small mite t o th at con elusion that I have ventured to throw out my sen timents with respect to the coming Reform Bill. I trust those who propose it will form a distinct idea of what it is they seek to accomplish. I trust also they will make an honest and sincere proposal, and that they will not attempt to accomplish one thing under the mask of another. If they do they withaye the certainty of detection before their eyes. No political trick in this country ever passes undetected, and the certain result is a reaction of public opinion, and a tendency to advance too rapidly in the direction contrary to that in which an attempt may have been made to mislead the public. From whatever quarter a Reform Bill may come, and in whatever shape it may present itself, I trust it will receive that consideration which will, when it obtains the sanction of the Legislature, make it tend to the public good ; and as I feel sure it will be, and must be in the direction of democracy, so I believe it may be brought to increase our pub lic liberties. (Cheers.) Several other toasts of a purely local character were then drunk, and the proceedings terminated. THE DUTIES OF AN M.P. AND THE LIBERTY OF THE PRESS. The Mayor of Ripon (Mr. R. Kearsley) provided a banquet at the Town-hall, Ripon, on Friday . , to which he invited the members for the West Riding of Yorkshire and the city of Ripon, the magistrates of the liberty of Ripon, and a number of the local clergy and gentry. Among those who were present were—the Right Hon. Viscount Goderich, M.P., Mr. J. A. Warre, M.P., IMr. J. Greenwood, M.P., the Hon. and Very Rev, the Dean of Ripon, Mr. J. Dalton, Sleningford-park; Col. Crompton, Azer ley-hall ; Capt. Smith, Green R o yd ; C o l. Byrne, Ripon ; the Mayor of Wakefield, &c. After the usual loyal and patriotic toasts, that of " The Lord Bishop and the Clergy of the Diocess " was drunk—to which The Dean of RIPON (Dr. Erskine) responded, and proposed—" The Members for the West Riding," coupling the name of Lord Goderich with the toast. He observed that the people in the consideration of their Parliamentary representatives, were so much mixed up with the broils of political life, and so much influenced with mere party spirit, that they were too apt to forget the real sacrifices which honest and honourable men made for the good of their country when they entered Parliament with a de termination to endeavour to do their duty. As the son of a member successively of both Houses, he felt entitled to speak o f w h a t h e k new , an d h a d known during many a long year, to be the anxiety, the care, and the intense interest which the mem bers of Parliament felt, not merely for popularity and for the advancement of the party to which they might be attached, but really to work out that policy which they sincerely and conscientiously believed would contribute to the welfare of their country. (Applause.) He did, therefore, and had been accustomed all his life to respect highly an honest and devoted member of Parliament ; and the public were very little aware how much they were indebted, under Providence, for the great benefits which this country had received from the deliberations of those men. (Applause.) Lord GODERICH replied to the toast. After re marking that, from his earliest boyhood, many of his most pleasant recollections were connected with the city and neighbourhood of Ripon, for which he had a hereditary affection, he said that he would —if his honourable friends on his right hand and on his left (Mr. Warre and Mr. Greenwood) did not think he was poaching on their manor —address a few words to the assembly as being to a certain extent their Parliamentary representative. He need hardly tell them that it was a proud thing for him to stand in that or any other company and return thanks as one of the members for the West Riding ; his only regret was that he was so little worthy to fill the high position in which the favour and confidence of the first con stituency of England had placed him. The duties of a member of Parliament in these days ap peared to him to be peculiarly responsible. His friend the Dean of Ripon had spoken of the warmth of party feeling. It was a happy cir cumstance in very many respects that the bitterness of party spirit had passed away entirely from private and social life, and he trusted that it was also passing rapidly from public life ; but if the ties of party were to some extent lessened, that only threw greater responsibility upon indivi dual members of Parliament. If, now-a-days, a member of Parliament was not inclined as formerly to follow the beck of a party leader, it increased the difficulty of his task—it required of him a larger amount of thought, and cast upon him a greater de gree of responsibility. (Hear, hear.) For himself, he trusted that he felt that responsibility deeply ; he had always, since he hipi had a seat in Parha ment, endeavoured to discharge those duties to the best of his ability ; but though his friend Captain Smith had spoken of the great difficulties in which officers of the navy were sometimes placed, he thought they were almost inconsiderable compared with the numberless difficulties in which members of Parliament found themselves—difficulties so great that they very frequently became, to nse a York shire expression, quite fast. (Hear, hear.) Their constituents expected that they should be a sort of political encyclopaedias—that they should be able to vote upon every possible subject, and to judge of j it with an independent judgment_ He bolievedthat in the House of Commons in the present clay there was a very widely spread and earnest desire among the members faithfully to do their duty. (Hear.) How far they were successful it was for their con stituents to judge. He had very frequently differed from the majority of the House of Commons, and, of course, on those occasions he had thought them wrong ; but there was one thing which the members of Parliament were always ready to' do, whatever might be their party differences or their personal divisions, and that was to unite whenever they were called upon to defend the honour or the indepen dence of their country. (Applause.) He trusted that the gloomy forebodings to which some persons of late had given vent might not prove true ; but this he knew, that if any nation in the world should be so rash as to think that she could attack Eng land with impunity, this country would be able to show her her mistake. (Applause.) He could assure the assembly and Captain Smith, who had specially referred to the subject, that they would not find him in the least inclined to enjoin parsi mony in respect to the national defences. (Hear.) That was no party question ; it was the duty of Parliament to keep the country in a state of ade quate defence, but it was also their duty, and espe cially the duty of the House of Commons, to see that the public money in regard to those defences, as well as in regard to every other branch of public expenditure, was not squandered or wasted by mal administration. (Hear.) His lordship expressed his regret at the absence of Mr. Denison, his col league in the representation o f th e West Riding, and made one or two observations as to the impor tance of social gatherings like the one he was pre sent at that evening. Such meetings, he said, brought together friends and neighbours, they led to convivial intercourse, and certainly to members of Parliament they were of great advantage, be cause they enabled them to discover the sentiments of their constituents and to ascertain what was the public opinion of the country, which must be of great use to politicians or statesmen, for no man, whatever might be his power or position, could govern this country long without the approbation of public opinion. (Applause.) The toast of " The Borough Members," proposed by Mr. F. WooD, was responded to by Mr. WARRE, who confirmed the remarks made by Lord Goderich as to the difficulties and respon sible duties of everybody who had the honour of a seat in the House of Commons. He referred also to the Act of Parliament passed last session for the government of India, observing that it was an act for the government of India in England, and not for the government of India in India, so that India still remained pretty much under the same system of administration which existed until the recen, alteration had been made. It was a matter of con gratulation, he continued, that active fi e ld opera tions on a large scale were over in India, but he apprehended that there still remained what Capt. Smith in his Peninsular days would have called an active guerilla warfare, which entailed on our troops a great deal of labour and fatigue without that amount of glory which attended those who were engaged in general action. (Hear, hear.) The mention of anything about military operations led him to what had been more or less touched upon in various addresses delivered by members of Parliament at meetings of their constituents, and in other places—he referred to the great and pro minent question of our national defences. He did not wish it to be supposed that he breathed suspicions and mistrust of our great and powerful neighbour the Emperor of the French. There he was, the ruler of that great country, and he (Mr. Warm) was willing to give him credit for the sin cerity of his pacific intentions ; but when mem bers of Parliament came to speak, as they would have to do when Parliament met, of the amount of the estimates of the expenses of onr distinguished services, the army and the navy, the question which they ought to look at with a degree of apprehen sion was—if it should be the will of Heaven that anything should happen to the present ruler of France—what is to come next ? (Hear, hear.) If the historical events which h a d happened since the year 1789 were considered, it would be found that there had been organic changes in the Government of France once, upon the average, in every five years; and if that had been the case during the last 70 years, was it possible for any human saga city to calculate what would be the form of Govern ment in France, or what would be the disposition of that Government, if anything should happen to bring about some change in the relations of our great and powerful neighbour ? (Hear, hear.) This might be rather a dry matter to talk about after dinner, but, as it would be his duty, as well as that of others, to consider the estimates which would be brought before them on- the reassembling of Parliament, he thought he would mention what were the feelings on his mind which should induce the House of _Commons to place this country in a state of adequate security. (Applause.) Mr. J. GREENWOOD also briefly responded to the toast. Lord GODERICII, in giving "The Press," said that free discussion was the breath of liberty, and though there might often be articles in newspapers which ought to be disapproved, and though news papers very frequently contained criticisms of all men—(laughter)—he was certain that no man who loved the institutions of this country would desire to fetter the freedom of the press. (Hear, hear.) A great many errors were propagated by the press, but a great deal of truth also. He believed that the truth was greater than the error, and that, there fore, the country gained by the unfettered freedom and liberty of the press. (Applause.) He was par ticularly pleased to have to propose the toast of the press on that occasion, coupled with the name of Mr. Baines, the editor of the Leeds Mercury, than whom no man connected with the press had pur sued a more consistent, honest, and honourable course, or had done more to elevate the character of the press. (Applause.) Mr. E. BAINES, in responding to the toast, said Lord Goderich had truly stated that the press was an instrument which might be used for good or for evil, but he (Mr. Baines) was quite sure that on the whole it was one of the main props of the liberty of England. (Hear, hear.) There was, however, a great responsibility attaching to those who had the use of and the control over that power. (Hear.) The press might be used to promote the highest interests of the country ; not merely to uphold liberty, not merely fairly, freely, and boldly to canvass the merits of a minister, a statesman, or a Government, but to allay terror in the time of danger, to heal panic, to unite those who were divided, to put down prejudices, to remove un founded accusations, to carry on the great princi ples of liberty and progress, and to aid every improvement in the country, moral, social, intellec tual, and political. (Applause.) He believed that the press had been for years past doing much more good in this country than evil, and had advanced to a very considerable degree the material and social interests of the land. (Applause.) COLONEL SYKES AT ABERDEEN. On Friday, Colonel Sykes addressed his consti tuents at Aberdeen. In the course of his speech he alluded to the Conspiracy to Murder Bill. " The Government," he said, " which last year had a strength and a prospect of duration which no pre ceding Government in recent times possessed, was overthrown by the Conspiracy to Murder Bill. It was brought in, as you all know, if not to gratify, at least in conformity with the wishes and views of a foreign potentate. It proposed to alter and modify the laws of England for the Fratification of a foreign monarch. It was brought in by Government, and was supported by the Conservative party. Indeed, with so little disfavour was the bill received at its introduction, that Mr. Kingslake's motion, that it was inexpedient to legislate, was negatived by 299 to 99. The minority consisted, with the exception of Lord J. Russell and Sir F. Kelly, and two or three others, of independent Liberals. My vote was given in the minority. (Cheers.) I did not con sult other members ; but I felt that the honour of my country would be wounded by any such conces sion, and I unhesitatingly went into the lobby against the Whig Ministry. (Hear.) Ten days afterwards, what was the result ? On the 19th Feb. ' the second reading of the bill was proposed by Lord Palmerston, to be carried, of course, by an overwhelming majority as before. But, mean while, what had occurred ?—a chord had been struck which vibrated from the Land's End to John o'Groat's House; a feeling of indignation arose ; and, though Lord Palmerston's Government were prepared to face it, the Conservatives were not. They saw their opportunity—they were not reluc tant to take advantage of it—and aiding Mr. Milner Gibson's vote of censure, the motion was carried by 234 to 215—the independent Liberals preserving their consistency and voting as before. Thus the reputed strongest Government of modern times was overthrown. My vote was given irrespec tive of a consideration of consequences to persons. I have always so acted, and trust ever will. I con sidered that I had a duty to my country to perform, and such a feeling on my part will, I feel assured, be my justification with you. (Hear.) Lord Derby's Government followed, but it was plain that it could only exist a single day upon sufferance—that is to say, as long as the Liberals abstained from com bined action ; and the opportunity and need for combined action seemed to occur upon the publica tion of Lord Ellenborough's remarkable letter, and Mr. Cardwell proposed a vote of censure. The de bate was carried on for several nights, and at the early part of the week it was calculated that Mr. Cardwell would have a majority of 70, but on the Friday so many Liberals had misgivings with re spect to the propriety of the motion that doubts were entertained whether there would be a majo rity at all, and the motion was withdrawn. From that moment the Whig prestige and influence were gone, and Lord Derby's Government was secure, at all events for the session." On the subject of reform the colonel said, " I have a strong conviction that unless the people of England manifest their wishes vigorously, and in an unmistakeable manner, the promised Reform Bill will fall lamentably short of present expectations. (Hear, and cheers.) The pro spect of the ballot forming part of the contemplated Reform Bill cannot be said to be favourable. (Cheers.) I voted for the ballot—(a hiss)—but lam not sanguine enough to believe that the ballot would be a panacea against corrupt practices at elections. I do, however, believe that it would diminish them, for no prudent man would give money or money's worth for that which he had no certainty of receiving. A good deal of slip-shod is talked about the secrecy of the ballot being unworthy of Englishmen, but this cannot be really thought by the middle and upper classes of society, other wise they would not protect themselves in their clubs, such as the Athenaeum, and scientific and literary societies, by having recourse to the ballot to elect members. - Why should the rich enjoy in this respect what is denied to the poor ? The East India Company have not only elected their representatives by ballot for a century past, but each of their directors, when a court is assembled for deliberation, has a right to demand that any question put to the vote be decided by secret ballot. It has been adopted in Australia, and we may therefore set aside the argument of its being unworthy of Englishmen. I shall continue to vote for it—(hisses and cheers)---as long as I am in the House Of Commons, but 'if constituencies really wish for its becoming law, they must send more representatives favourable to it to the House of Commons. The chances are, I think, that it will be a useful and surely a more proper and moral measure than compelling men to vote against their consciences, that they may not sacrifice their interests. Another great question, gentlemen, is government by party. You all know that in the present condition of the House of Commons what is called government by party is almost impracti cable. Hitherto the government of England has been carried on by party ; in former days it was a tory or a whig party ; subsequently a conservative party and a liberal party, and since the last ge neral election the conservatives have split into ramifications, embracing quasi-liberalism ; and the liberals, numerous as they are, consist of oligar chical whigs, whigs of the old school, liberals who are whig followers; independent liberals, and ultra liberals ; but there are no common views in politics amongst them—no common :bond of union to in sure uniformity in, action and defined results. If such were the case, the conservative government would be swept away at any prescribed division, for the house counts about 400 liberals. The conserva- tive government, therefore, exists only by the dis sension of the liberals, and by alternately availing itself of the aid of some one of its sections. Is this or is it not a healthy or even a safe state of things ? There are great lamentations about the direction of party influence, and a noble lord la s t y ear wro t e a book asserting that this country could only be well governed by party, and that patronage was essen tial to any party to keep its followers together—at least so I interpret the argument used. Party has been rendered imperative by the growth of a body of men amongst the liberals who have resolved to exercise their own judgments upon all political questions, irrespective of party cries or party leaders. (Hear.) That body, it is said, now amounts to about 120 members in the house ; and if they were to throw their whole—l say th e i r w h o l e —weight into one scale or the other, the side they aid would preponderate. But they are withoutorgam sation, and the salutary or beneficial effects of their in dependence is only shown by the results. Judging by their votes during the session, the majority of them have zealously tried to retrench expenditure, to prevent centralisation, to extend the franchise, and generally to promote popular rights. I have usually found myself in the same lobby with them —(hear, hear)—in their ,divisions; but by them selves they arc powerless against an union of the Conservatives, and one or more sections of the Liberals. Their increase in numbers in the house will no doubt render government by party still more difficult than it is now ; but I have not the . _ misgivings which some have, that this would be prejudicial to popular interests. . A weighty body in this house, conscientiously resolved to vote for measures and not men, will surely do more good in promoting national progress than a party Government of reluctant Conservatives, or a Liberal party Government whose promises hitherto have not realised the expectations their name implied. (Hear, hear.) • TILE NAVY. Admiral Fremantle's squadron, which was 20 miles off Plymouth at nme o'clock on Sunday morn ing, was not completely anchored in the Sound until half-past three in the afternoon. This was partly owing to the slow advance of the leading ship, and partly to a preconcerted arrangement be tween the admiral and Mr. Thompson, Queen's harbour master, by which unneccessary crowding was avoided. Steam was not used. The squadron was off Rame Head at 12 o'clock, and five of the ( ships, namely, two line-of-battle ships, two frigates one of which was the Euryalus), and a corvette, ay to there under topsails and jib s , w ith th e i r h ea d . ; to the wind—a strong breeze from W.S.W. This was done to admit of the advance of the flagship, the Orion, 91, Capt. D'Eyncourt, which came on under her main-royal, making direct for the western channel. As she approached the Breakwater her courses were hauled up, and when inside all her canvass was taken in. She was moored westward of the Camber, and to the east of her the Renown, 91, Capt. A. Forbes. The Victor Emmanuel, 91, Capt. J. Wilcox, was placed inside the east end of the Breakwater ; and north-east of her the Caesar, 90, Capt. C. Frederick. The Brunswick, 81, Capt. E. Ommaney, was stationed between the flagship and the Renown, but inside both. The Euryalus, 51, Capt. J. W. Tarleton, did not clew up until one-third inside ; she ran down to a berth near the Caesar, well to the eastward. The Racoon, 22, Capt. J. A. Paynter, dewed up her three topsails when passing the lighthouse, and kept close to the Break water ; she let go a-stern of the admiral's ship, out side the Brunswick. The:Racer, 11, Commander the Hon. T. Pakenham, brought up between the Renown and the Breakwater. The Diadem, 32, Capt. AV. Moorsom, lay-to a long time outside, where she signalled with the Cumberland, 80, Capt. Rogers, then departing for South America. The Diadem anchored to the eastward, astern of the Brunswick, and north of the Racoon. The steam store transport Dee, Master-Com mander Pullen, laden with steam gear for the western yards, sailed from Woolwich Dockyard yesterday and conveyed the gunboat Sandfly, in the Coastguard service, to Portsmouth. The following appointments were made yester day at the Admiralty :—Commander T. S. Trem lett, to the Impregnable ; Commander J. E. Corn merell, to the Fury, vice Leckie, promoted; Mr. O. Laing is appointed master shipwright at Chatham yard, vice Lavie. THE ARMY. A batch of six iron guns, cast in the Royal Standard Foundry in Woolwich Arsenal, were on Saturday submitted to the ordinary proof, when four of the number burst into frag, ments. Considering the enormous outlay in the establishment, as appears by the estimates for buildings, machinery, &c., of upwards of £130,000 since the st Jan., 1854, to 31st of March, 1856, it is somewhat surprising that measures have not been taken to insure a more profitable result. "Whatever the ingenuity of the day could suggest to re n d er th e establishment perf ec t in machinery, &c., has been adopted, yet the produce of the establishment since the first casts were made in last February has been at a failure of at least 10 per cent. in guns which have broken in process of turning and others which have burst at proof. M. Etienne Oussof, Lieutenant de la Garde de sa Majeste L'Empereur de Russie, was yesterday pre sent at the mort ar fi r i ng a t W oo lwich, which he witnessed with considerable interest. The flight of the shells, although over a range of 800 yards was directed with mu c h accurac y, some o f them alight ing within six yards of the flagstaff. He was afterwards accompanied by a portion of the Garri son Staff to Plumstead Marshes to witness some gun practice by one of the field batteries of the Royal Artillery. Colonel Wright, late commanding Royal Engi neer at Barbadoes, Belfast, and Jamaica, i s t o assume the command of he Engineers at Plymouth, vice Colonel Nelson, ordered to Halifax. Colonel Stotherd, late Commanding Engineer, has been appointed to Dover, vice Colonel Ward, promoted to major-general. Captain Barlow, late 14th Regiment, has assumed his appointment of local inspector at Spike Island Convict Establishment, vice Major Atkins, deceased. The 48th Regim en t a rrived at Alexandria on the 22d ult., by the Jura, from Gibraltar, and would embark at Suez in the Hindostan. The 46th and 91st Regiments, from Corfu, had left Suez for Cal cutta, in the Oriental, Feroze, and Zenobia. MILITIA. Yesterday the regiment of the Royal London Militia was inspected by Col. Douglas, Military Inspector, of the Horse Guards. At 1 o'clock the men fell in and were put through several prelimi nary movements by Major Harvey; Col. Wilson, Licut.-Col. M•Call, Capt. and Adjutant Hall, Quar termaster Birkin, and others being present. Pre cisely at half-past two the inspecting Colonel ar rived from the Horse Guards, and was received with the usual salute. The men then marched past the reviewing officer in open and quarter-distance co lumn, and subsequently they went through the or dinary manoeuvres of manual and platoon exercise under command of the major, and a series of batta lion movements superintended by Lieut.-Col. Weal. The inspection lasted nearly two hours, and at its close Col. Douglas addressed the men, highly com plimenting them upon the manner in which they had gone through the exercises of the day. He fur ther said that he had received from Col. Wilson and their superior officers generally a high character of them as to their good and soldierly conduct, which he hoped they would continue to maintain both as soldiers and as men. The colonel then proceeded with the colonel in command, and the other officers, to the interior of the depot, and afterwards, having partaken of refreshment, he retired, the band play ing the national anthem. There were present during the inspection Alderman Sir G. Carroll, Alderman Rose, Alderman Mechi, Deputy Obbard, Deputy Lott, Deputy Lloyd, H. Smith, E sq ., R. L . J ones, Esq., J. Wood, Esq., and other m em b ers o f th e Court of Lieutenancy of the City of London, and a large number of ladies in the grounds and balconies of the depot belonging to the Artillery Company. With the newly-erected barracks the inspecting colonel appeared to be well satisfied, saying he wished there were many such throughout the coun try. The Ist or Royal East Middlesex Regiment of Militia, after ten days exercise, was inspected by Col. Douglas, inspector-general of militia, who ex pressed himself highly gratified with the cleanly and soldierlike appearance of the men, their steadi ness under arms, efficiency in the field, and general good conduct in quarters. This fine regiment is at present 600 strong. After the inspection the officers gave an elegant dejeuner in their new mess-room to upwards of 70 of their friends, and dancing was kept up with great spirit till a late hour. The Ist Devon Militia assembled at Exeter on Thursday for 21 days training, under the command of Major Rattray, the Lord Lieutenant of Devon (Earl Fortescue) not having yet filled up the va cancy caused by the retirement of Lieutenant- Col. Drewe, the late commander of the regiment. The Royal Cornwall Rangers Militia was re viewed a few days ago by Col. Crofton, of the 17th Regt., in the presence of Lord Vivian, the Lord Lieutenant of the county, and a number of specta tors. The men went through a regular field-day's exercise in admirable style. Col. Crofton after wards addressed the regiment, and told them that their military conduct and discipline had surpassed his most, sanguine expectations. Lord Vivian also addressed the regiment, and strongly recommended the men to volunteer into the line. About 30 re sponded to the invitation. - The Royal Cornwall and Devon Miners' Artillery Militia Regiment, under the command of Lieut.- Col. Sir C. Rashleigh, was inspected at Truro on Thursday by Col. Pester, of the Royal Artillery, who was received with a general salute. The men went through manual and platoon exercise, and Col. Pester expressed himself highly gratified with the clean and soldier-like appearance of the men and at the progress which they had made in their drill. A few days since a deputation from the Cam bridgeshire Regiment of Militia, consisting of Ser geant-Major Eckford and eight privates, waited upon the Dean of Ely, and ex p resse d to him their thanks for the interest he had taken in the welfare of the regiment by providing for them an evening school, - and for the opportunities they had had of attending Divine service in the cathedral. They also presented to Canon Selwyn a quarto Bible, bear ing the following inscription :- 4 , Presented to the Rev. Wm. Selwyn, D.D., canon of Ely, by the non-commissioned officers and privates of the Cambridgeshire Regiment of Militia, as a token of their great esteem and respect for him, in his unceasing attention towards their spiritual welfare during their assemblies for training in the city of Ely since 1852." The presentation was made on the Parade-ground, a square having been made by the regiment for that purpose. The rev. Canon, in a sound, practical speech, said he felt secure in the square formed by the Cambridgeshire Militia, and spoke highly of the conduct of the regiment. He was rapturously cheered by the men. The_ Ist Duke of Lancaster's own regiment of Militia has just finished its annual period of train ing with "a jollity parade on the drill-field," and a succession of sports. The Royal Carmarthen Militia, under the com mand of Lord Dynevor, assembled on Friday last for 28 days' training. The number of men enrolled is 125, The Cumberland regiment of Militia assembled last week at Whitehaven, under the command of Col. Lowther, M.P. The number of men who mus tered was between 500 and 600. The Royal Denbigh Militia was inspected on Thursday last by Lieut.-Col. Laye, 24th Foot. Having gone through a field-day under Col. Bid dulph; M.P., and the manual and platoon exercise under Major Ffoulkes, Lieut.-Col. Laye addressed the regiment, complimenting the men upon their discipline, and stating, that although he had seen many militia regiments, the admirable manner in which the Denbigh Rifles had performed their evo lutions was not surpassed by soldiers of many years' service. On Saturday the officers entertained the regiment at dinner in the Yorkshire-hall. The men were highly gratified at this mark of kindness, and at the conclusion they chaired their adjutant to the Wynnstay Arms. The Rev. J. C. Roberts, chap lain, attended and said grace before and after din ner. - The officers present were :—Col. Biddulph, M.P., Major Ffoulkes; Captains Wynne, Middle ton, and:Griffiths ; Ensigns Briscoe, Geohegan, and Hughes ; Captain and Adjutant M'Coy, and Dr. Churchill. RAIL WAY INTELLIGENCE. RAILWAYS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Captain Douglas Galton, RE., in a very able and elaborate report to the Lords of the Privy Council for Trade on Railways for the year 1857, states that the number of railway Bills which came before Parliament in the session of 1857 amounted to 130, and the.length of new line proposed to be authorised amounted to 1,470 miles. But of those Bills only 82 were passed ; and the total length of line actually authorised was 663 miles. Of the 82 Acts passed. in 1857, 53 had reference to the con struction of works. The length of new line autho rised by these 53 Acts was as follows, viz. :-344 miles in England and Wales, 169 miles in Scotland, and about -154 miles in Ireland. Twenty-eight Acts authorised new lines and branches in new districts ; 26 Acts authorised the opening out of a new access to an existing district, or the supply of additional routes between districts already supplied, and which therefore formed competing lines ; 13 Acts authorised' one company to use the station of another company or a small portion of a line adja cent to a station •, 35 Acts authorised working arrangements; 6 Acts authorised companies to be permanently united by amalgamation ; 15 Acts authorised companies to carry on some work or occupation not within the provision of their Acts. The lines authorised in England and Wales were chiefly extensions of existing railways, or short lines. which will when opened form feeders to existing ritilw'ays. The total length of line authorised by Parliament down to the end of 1857 amounted to 15,331 miles, but of this 1,504 miles have been abandoned by subsequent local Acts, or by warrants under the authority of a general Act passed in 1847, and con sequently there remain 13,827 miles for which the Parliamentary powers have not been repealed; of these 9,019 miles were open at the end of 1857, and 4,808 miles remain to be opened-namely, 3,307 miles in England and Wales, 573 miles in Scot land, and 928 miles in Ireland. 384 miles of new line were opened during 1857, of which 322 were opened in England and - Wales,'4B in Scotland, and 14 in Ireland. Out of the 4,808 miles which have not yet been opened the powers withrespect to 2,356 miles for the compulsory purchase of land and the completion of works have expired. Upon 234 miles the powers for the compulsory purchase of land have been allowed to expire without having been exercised, increasing the number of miles which it is not probable will ever be made to 2,590 miles. The total amount of money authorised to be raised by railway companies by shares and loans, to the end of 1857, was 387,051,735/., of which 314,989,8261. had been raised, leaving 72,061,9091. to be raised. There are means of ascertaining how much of this sum appertains to the portions of rail way for which the Parliamentary powers have ex pired. On the 9,116 miles open for traffic on the 31st of December,lBs7, 6,777 miles are in England, 1,269 in Scotland, and 1,070 in Ireland; 7,053 miles are constructed on the narrow gauge, 740 miles on the broad gauge, 261 miles on the mixed gauge, and 1,062 miles on the Irish gauge. There arc 2,775 miles of single line, of which 1,797 are narrow gauge, 255 broad gauge, 72 mixed gaug e , and 651 I gauge. The length of new line re ported to be in course of construction on the 30th of June, 1857, was 1,004 miles ; of these about 23 miles were opened before the end of 1857 ; and the number of persons employed on them was 44,037, being on the average 43.86 persons per mile. The length of line open for traffic in the United King dom on the 30th of June, 1857, was 8,942 miles, an the number of persons employed thereon amounted to 109,660, or 12.26 per mile. The number of sta tions was 3,121. With regard to the money in vested in railways the report states that the capital raised for the construction of railways on the 31st of December, 1857, amounted to 314,989,626/., re preseifting an expenditure of 34,9501. per mile of railway open. In making this estimate it must be recollected that the lines reported to be in course of construction amount in length to about one-ninth of the whole length completed and in course of con struction, and that some portion of the cost per mile belongs to these lines. Although the cost of railways in the United Kingdom averages 34,950/. per mile,-viz., 39,2751. in England, 28,225/. in Scotland, and 15,664/. in Ireland, the ave rage cost of the independent lines of railway for which the acts have beenobtained sincelB4Bandwhich are now opened for traffic, has only amounted to £11,823 per mile ; of these railways those opened in England have averaged £14,559 per mile; those opened in Scotland £7,243 per mile ; and those opened in Ireland 7,303/. per mile. Of the total amount raised 78,360,2361. has been raised by loans, 58,061,6551. by preference shares, and the remain der, viz., 236,629,5901., by ordinary . share capital. The gross receipts on railways in the United Kingdom amounted in the year 1857 to 24,174,610.; the working expenses amounted to 11,362,066/. ; the interest on preference shares to 2,826,005/., be ing at the rate of 4.86 per cent. ; the interest on loans to 3,548,451/., or at the rate of 4.52 per cent.; leaving 6,438,088/., being at the rate of 31. 12s. per cent., available for dividend on the whole of the ordinary share capital. In 1849 the average rate of dividend on the ordinary share capital of rail ways was 1/. 17s. 6d. per cent. ; in 1850 1/. 165. 6d. per cent. ; in 1851 2/. Bs. 9d. per cent. ; in 1852 21. Bs. per cent ; in 1853 3/. Is. per cent. ; in 1854 31. Bs. per cent. ; in 1855 31. 2s. 4d. ,per cent. ; in 1856 3/. Bs. per cent., and in 1857 3/. 12s. per cent. The preferential and loan capitals invested in railways at the end of 1857 amount to 43 per cent. of the whole capital ; and the interest which has to be paid upon the preferential and loan capital averages 4.67 per cent. The net receipts on rail ways give an average interest on the whole capital invested of 4 per cent., but the preferential charges reduces the interest on the ordinary capital to 3 . 60 per cent. During the year 1857 6,213,9321. of additional capital was invested in railways, being an addition of about 2 per cent. on the capital previously raised. It was not, however, all invested in new lines of rail way, for the existing lines which have had no addi tions to their length for several years have con tinually increased their capital. Thus upon 29 railways, having an aggregate length of 1,200 miles, the capital increased from 39,000,000/. on the 31st of December, 1853, to 43,000,000/. on the 31st of December, 1857, or at the rate of above 600/. per mile per annum ; the proportion which the net receipts bore to the capital invested in these lines increased during the same period from 3.4 per cent to 4 . 2 per cent. The traffic on railways has always increased, and so long as the proportion of the net traffic receipts to the capital expended in creases in each year it may be assumed that the property is in a sound condition. At present this is the' case with the British railways. Leaving out of consideration the preferential cha rges , the net receipts in England gave a dividend of 3.78 per cent. in 1854, and 4.26 per cent. in 1857 ; in Scot land the net receipts were 3.36 per cent, on the capital in 1854 and 4.09 per cent. in 1857 ; and in Ireland the net receipts were 3.42 per cent. on the capital in 1854 and 4.38 per cent. in 1857. The proportion of the passenger traffic to the whole traffic in England was 44 per cent., in Scot land 36 per cent., and in Ireland nearly 59 per cent. The total number of passengers conveyed on railways in 1857 amounted to 139,008,888, against 129,347,692 conveyed in 1856 ; the number con veyed per mile of railway open being 15,617 in 1857, against 15,213 in 1856. The recepits from passengers amounted to 10,592,798/. in 1857, against 10,153,745/. in 1856; the receipts per mile being 1,191/. in 1857 and 1,1941. in 1856. The receipts per mile for first-class passengers amounted in England to 416/., for second-class to 476/., and for third-class to 442/. ; in Scotland the receipts per mile for first-class. passengers amounted to 2041. per mile, for second-class to 146/., aid for third class to 384/. ; in Ireland the receipts amounted for first-class passengers to 154/., for second-class to 234/., and for third-class to 230/, per mile. While the first-class traffic has only increased 3.19 per cent. since 1849, and the second-class traffic has actually diminished 11.4 per cent., the third-class receipts per mile have increased 25 pe r cent. The receipts on Dutch railways from third class passengers are more than one-half o f t h e whole receipts ; on British railways the receipts from third-class traffic are one-third the total receipts. In France the receipts from the third-class amount to 43 per cent. of the whole, the second-class being . 28 per cent., and the first-class 29 per cent. On continental railways nearly three fourths of all the passengers w h o travel are th i r d class, the remainder being either first or second . . class. In Scotland the third class passengers are 73 per cent. of the whole number who travel, the remainder being first and second class in nearly equal proportions. The proportion of first-class passengers to the whole number of passengers who travel is from 121 to 131 per cent. in England, Scotland, and Ireland. The receipts from goods, cattle, minerals, parcels, &c., in 1857 amount - I.A to 13,581,8121. against 13,011,7481. in 1856, which represented 1,5241. per mile in 1857, and 1,530/. por mile in 1856. Those receipts include 7,781,743/. for the conveyance of 25,027,927 tons of merchandise, 3,987,2911. for the conveyance of 46,293,983 tons of minerals, 517,3581. for the conveyance of 11,045,160 head of live stock, and 1,295,4291. for parcels, &c. The total receipts from all sources of traffic have amounted in England and Wales to 20,527,7481., or 3,1051. per mile, in 1857, against 19,728,3111., or 3,1201., in 1856 ; in Scotland to 2,510,4781. or 2,040/ per mile, in 1857, against 2,319,217/., or 2,0221. per mile, in 1856; and in Ireland to 1,145,384/., or 1,076/. per mile, in 1857, against 1,117,9651., or 1,092/. per mile, in 1856, the aggregate receipts from all sources of traffic for the whole kingdom having been 24,174,6161, or 2,715/. per mile, in 1857, against 23,165,493/., or 2,724/. per mile, in 1856. The working expenses of railways have increased hi England 'and Wales from 1,3521. per mile in 1854 to 1,5641. in 1857 ; but they have decreased in Scotland from 961/. in 1854 to 9411. in 1857 ; and in Ireland from 465/. in 1854 to 464/. in 1857. The proportion which the working expenses have borne to the receipts has been 48 per cent. in England and Wales, as compared with 49 per cent. in 1856 ; 44 per cent. in Scotland, as compared with 47 per cent, in 1856 ; and 38 per cent. in Ireland, as com pared with 39 per cent. in 1856 ; the general ave rage having been 47 per cent. upon the gross re ceipts both in 1856 and 1857. The maintenance of way absorbs 15 per cent. of the expenditure, the locomotive expenses, includi ng re p a i rs o f rolling stock, 38 per cent., traffic charges 26 per cent., police, watchmen, compensation, &c., 13 per cent., and rates and Government duty 7 per cent. The cost of coal and coke in England averages 2-9 d. per mile run by engines, in Scotland 2-58 d. per mile, and in Ireland 3-94 d. per mile run ; the general average being 2-67 d. per mile. A very important improvement for cheapening the work ing of railways is being effected by the introduc tion of coal-burning engines which consume their own smoke. The London and South-Western engines, under Mr. Beattie, have been successful, and are stated to average a consumption of 181 b. of coal per mile, and the average cost of fuel on that railway has been 2-69 d. per mile, and 104 miles have been run per ton of coal an d coke, when on other railways similarly situated the cost has been 3d. and 31d. per mile : and from 80 to 92 miles only . have been run . per ton of coke. There is room for improvement in the amount of non-paying weight in trains, in proportion to the weight of the loads. An ordinary first-class carriage gives, if full, an average probably of 7001 b. dead weight per passenger, and an ordinary third-class carriage gives nearly 3001 b. dead weight per passenger. With regard to the local rates and taxes on rail ways in England, they amount to 7.72 per cent. of the dividend on ordinary share capital, and the passenger duty to 5.99 per cent., making:l3.7l per cent., and of the dividend on the total share capital 9.61 per cent. In Scotland the rates and taxes amount to 5.97 per cent., and the passenger duty to 4.41 per cent. of the dividend on the ordinary share capital, or 6.87 per cent. of the dividend on the total share capital. In Ireland the rates and taxes amount to 5.29 per cent. of the dividend on the ordinary share capital, and 4.27 per cent. on the dividend of the total share capital. Passenger duty is not charged on Irish railways. The most oppres sive part of the burden of local taxation is the liti gation to which the parish rates give rise. Besides which the railway companies themselves are in many cases the largest ratepayers in the parishes ; and, consequently, if they gain their cause they have to contribute towards the expense of the con test by an increased rate. The average receipts per train mile in England are 64-Bd. for passengers, 76-6 d. for goods, and 70-3 d. the' general average ; the expenditure per train mile is 32-9 d., and the working expenses 48 per cent. of the receipts. In Scotland the receipts per train mile are 62-6 d. for passengers, 67d. for goods, and 65d. the average ; the expenditure per train mile being 28-3 d., and the receipts 44 per cent. In Ireland the receipts per train mile average for passengers 54-5 d., for goods 82 - 6 d., and general average 60-7 d. The expenditure per train mile being 25d. and 38 per cent. of the gross receipts. The average receipt per passenger is 18-29 d. in England, 14-68 d. in Scotland, and 18-74 d. in Ire land. The receipts for goods traffic on railways, in 1857, averaged 74d. per ton, for minerals 20d. per ton, and for cattle and sheep lid. per head. It Zs notorious that in many cases the rates received, while they give an apparently large gross receipt, tell seriously against the expenditure of the companies. The report states that it is worth considering how far traffic which has to be sought at a great cost re pays the trouble of seeking it, for the busi ness o f carrying is just as much a trade as any other busi ness, and is subject to the same laws ; and railway management can only be successfully carried on by knowing accurately the cost of every service to be rendered, and not performing any service at a loss. It thus appears that careful and honest manage ment alone will place and maintain railway pro perty in a satisfactory position. But the property is so vast and the management so complicated that it is almost impossible for shareholders to examine for themselves the details of the several transac tions, even if they possessed the power, which they do not, and hence the surest incentive to good ma nagent is wanting-viz, the rigid supervision of per sons interested in the concern. In the absence of this incentive publicity of accounts seems to be the best safeguard. The accounts should show in a detailed manner the cost of work done, the remuneration received for it, and the condition of the means for carrying on the business. The correctness of the accounts should be certified by an efficient audit, not only of the accounts, but of the several transac tions of the company, established in the interests of the shareholders ; a direct responsibility being , placed on those to whom the management of the lines is confided JOINT-STOCK BANKS. The Bankers' Magazine furnishes the returns of the cir culation of the Private and Joint-stock Banks in England and Wales for the four weeks ending the 28th of August. These returns, combined with the circulation of the Scotch and Irish Banks for the same period, and the average circu lation of the Bank of England for the four weeks ending the 25th of August (the nearest date furnished by their re-. turns) will give the following results of the circulation of notes in the United Kingdom, when compared with the previous month : July 31, I Aug. 28, Decrease 1858. 18:48. ------ Bank of England... 20,584,001 20,548,895 35,109 Private Banks 3,204,874 3,126,401 :78,473 Joint-stock Banks 2,739,561 2,684,072 55,489 Total in England 25,528,439 26,359,368 169,071 Scotland 3,780,272 3,723,954 56,318 Ireland 5,749,407 5,664,962 ' 84,445 Decrease, United Kingdom.' 36,058,118 I 35,748,284 309,831 And as compared with the month ending the 29th of August, 1857, the above returns show an increase of £623,970 in the circulation of notes in England, and a de crease of £144,921 in the circulation of the United Kingdom. On comparing the above with the fixed issues of the several banks, the following is the state of the circulation : The English private banks are below their fixed issue The English joint-stock banks are below their fixed issue . 618,285 Total below fixed issue in England.... £1,896,819 The Scotch banks are above their fixed issue £636,745 The Irish banks are below their fixed issue £689,532 The average stock of bullion held by the Bank of Eng land in both departments during the month ending the 25th of August was £17,419,444, being an increase of £223,678 as compared with the previous month, and an increase of £6,100,849 when compared with the same period last year. The following are the amounts of specie held by the Scotch and Irish banks during the month ending the 28th of August : Gold and silver held by the Scotch banks £2,313,984 Gold and silver held by the Irish banks X 4,705,678 [ADVERTISEMENTI—Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food saves MI times its cost in other remedies, and cures indigestion (dyspepsia), habitual constipation, ner vousness, biliousness, and liver complaints, flatulency, dis tension, acidity, palpitation, nervous headaches, hysteria, neuralgia, noises in th e h ea d an d ears, pains at the pit of the stomach and between the shoulders, erysipelas, erup tions of the skin, impurities and poverty of the blood, scro fula, asthma, consumption, dropsy, rheumatism, gout, nausea and sickness during pregnancy, after eating, or at sea ; low spirits, spasms, cramps, epileptic fits, spleen, general debility, inquietude, sleeplessness, irritability, para lysis, tremors, dislike to society, unfitness for study, loss of memory, delusions, vertigo, blood to the head, exhaustion, melancholy, groundless fear, indecision, wretchedness. 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Important caution against the fearful danger of spurious imitations : The Vice-Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an injunction on the 10th March, 1854, against Alfred • Hooper - Nevin for imitating 4i D u Barry's Refale4ta Arptiocaood. THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS. The following extract from a private letter written by an officer on board the Roebuck, contens some interesting intelligence respecting the A n d aman Islands, now converted into a penal settlement for the mutinous Sepoys : " Our cruise to the Andamans would have been pleasant had we had other than ship provisions in the mess. We called at Port Blair (our head-quar ters), and found two of the company's ships there, with Dr. Walker, superintendent of the penal set tlement, and other officers on board; and then went on our cruise to the south of Rutland Island, and as far as 12 deg. 30 min. N., keeping the land in sight all day (sometimes within a mile of it) to look for Malay vessels which resort there for birds' nests and sea slugs, but we were unsuccessful ; in fact, nothing was to be seen but a few native huts, and canoes hauled up on the beach. Only once did we see anything of the savages, who were bathing or fishing under the trees. There are four Andaman Islands—Northern, Southern, Middle, anJ. the Great Andaman ; but these, of course, have several smaller islands attached to them. They are covered so densely with trees that nothing is seen of them. Port Blair was the only part where we could ven ture on shore, and then only with our revolvers, in ' case of meeti ng some nat i ves. The company's ships have lost several men (one officer of the Pluto), and when the Sesostris sent a watering party on shore the other day they were suddenly attacked by na tives with bows and arrows, the latter pointed with hard wood, and found to penetrate a boat's side. Several arrows were fired, and one went through a man's thigh, which made our party run for it, not being armed, and return to the ship for muskets. When they got back to the watering-place, they found that the savages had decamped, taking with them the hoops of the casks. Little is known about these natives. It is believed that they live upon fish ; some live up the trees. The only kind of flesh to be had is that of the wild pig, which they shoot. This inform a ti on was obtained by Se poys in the following way. I believe Dr. W. sent several of them away into the interior with muskets and ammunition to explore the country, but few of them came back, for they were nearly all killed by the savages. Before that, however, a great num ber of the Sepoys deserted, and those that returned, 80 in number, were hanged on the trees in Chatham Island. There are two small islands in Port Blair —Ross Island at the entrance, and Chatham in the middle, of the harbour ; both of these are bearing the tents of about 800 mutineers of the highest rank, and as soon as the sweeps are caught up country in India, they are pa c k e d o ff t o th eir new home in the Andamans, where they have to culti vate the ground, by first burning or cutting down the jungle. On Ross Island, while we were there, they were building a hospital and a pier for boats. They are all alone, having only-the Burmese, whom they despise, as guards, to look after them, with the naval guard of the company." COUNTRY MARKETS. ROCHESTER--OcT. 2_ There has been a general decline in prices in our corn market, with sales exceedingly dull. The stands are only moderately supplied with wheat and barley, and a general listlessness appeared to prevail among both buyers and sellers. The barley trade was slow, some good samples were done at 445. The oat trade was quiet, but prices are evidently tending downwards. Beans and peas were a trifle cheaper. White wheat, new, 44s to 50s Red do. 4o s -to 44s Old white 44s to 48s Red do. 40s to 44s Barley, malting.— 38s to 44s Barley, grinding-28s to 34g Oats, old, 12st to —9 New do 24s to 27s Beans.. 48s to 50s Peas.. 46s to 50s STOCKTON-ON-TEES--SErT. 29. There has been a larger supply than demand of wheat to day, and for both old and new a decline of is to 2s per qr was noted, and there was no alteration in the prices of other grain. NORIVICH—OcT. 2. - --- The trade to-day was flat for wheat, except for the finest samples, which realised last week's prices. Other sorts in favour of the buyer. Malting barley same as last week; other descriptions lower. The quotations are : Wheat, white 46s to 48s Peas, Partridge ..45s to . 478 red 40s to 43s White 42s to 44s Barley 35s to 41s Boiling 43s to 49s Chevalier ....38s to 41s Dun 45s to 478 Grinding 29s to 33s Beans, Tick ....39s to 41s Malt 70s to 73s Harrow Ticks 39s to 438 Chevalier 72s to 73s Mazagan 37s to 406 Oats 26s to 36s Flour, 29s to 2! Is 6d per sack. COLCIIES' 'ER-OCT. 2. There has been a limited show of wheat, and the trade dull. The following. prices were obtained : Wheat, white 46s to 50s Beans, Mazagan.. 36s to 40s red 40s to 46s Middle & small 40s to 468 Barley 3os to 40s White peas 44s to 46s Oats 26s to 32s Grey.. ........ 425 to 458 KIRKALDY—Ocr. 2. Wheat (0). Barley (0). First.... 38s Od —s Od Second.. 46s Od —s Od Third .. 50s Od —s Od Wheat (N). Barley (N.). First.... 34s Od 26s Od Second.. 42s Od 31s 7d Third .. 48s Od 33s •Od Oats (0). --s Od COAL MARKET—OcT. --8 Od --8 Od Oats (N), 22s Od 24s Od 26s 6d (Prices of Coal per Ton at the close of the market.) Grey's West Hartley, 15s. Od ; Eden Main, 16s. Od. Howard's We s t H ar tl ey N et h erton, 15s. 6d. ; Tanfield Moor, -s. Od. ; Tanfield Moor Butes, 13s Od.; Wylam, 14s. 641. ; Walbottle Ha r tl e y, 13 s . ; B yass ' s Bebside West Hartley, 16s. Od.; Walker Primrose, --s. Od.; Tyne Main, -s.; Tynedale W. Hartley, 14s. 6d. ; Haswell Gas, -s.; Hartlepool West Hartley, 15s. Od. ; West Wylam, -- s . Od .; Ward's West Hartley, -s. Od. • ' West Tanfield, -s. Od. Birchgrove Graigola, -s. ; Nixon's Merthyr, 21s. Od. Gawber Hall Hartley, -s. 0d..; Nixon' s D u if fyn, - s.Od. ; Powell's Duffryn Steam, 21s. Od. Walls End-West Hetton, 16s. 9d. ; By ron , - s. Od . ; Hunwick, -s. Od. ; Whitworth, 14s. 6d.; Shincliffe, 16s. Od.; Haswell, 18s. 3d. ; Hetton, --s. Od. ; Cassop, 17s. Od; South Kelloe, 17s. 3d.; Stewart's, --s. ; Coundon, - s Od ; South Hetton, 18s. Od. ; Acorn Close, 16s. 3d. ; Wharn cliffs s. Od. ; Kepier Gra nge , 17s 341. ; Tees, -s. Od. ; Brad - yll's Hetton, 16s. 9d. ; Gosforth, -s. Od. ; Dryburn Grange, 16s. 9d ; Heugh Hall, 16s. 3d. ; Riddell, 15s. 9d. ; Framwellgate, 16s. ; Harton, 16s. 3d. ; Eden, 16s. 3d. ; Benson, -s. Od. ; Bell, -s. Od. ; Belmont, 15s. 9d. Ships at market, 65 ; sold, 53. LOCAL SHARE lIIARKETS. LIVERPOOL-OCT. 4. The market was quiet from the opening, and very little business was transacted, with closing prices rather firm. Sheffield, 354 i—Midland, 981 I—North British, 57 8— Eastern Counties, 121 11-167--Caledonians, 871 B—Great Western, 54 541—Lancashire. and Yorkshire, 961 961 Berwicks,94l 51—Dovers, 22I—Dutch Rhenish, 3 11-16 d. —Leeds Northern, 481 9—York and North Midland, 77 8+ —Great Western of Canada, 18.1 181—Grand Tru n k s , 9f 91—Chester and. Holyhead, 36 3 7—Blackburns, 11 —Birkenheads, 671 B—London and North-Westerns, 921 92t—East Lancashire, 93i 94. LEEDS—OCT. 4. There has been very little change in prices to-day. London and North-Westerns; 914—Midlands, 98/—Great Western of Canada, 181—North Westerns, 81—Goole, 22f —North Staffords, 4i d—Ambergate, MANCHESTER—OCT. 4. A fair business was doing in the market to-day, and prices were steady. Sheffields, 351—Midlands, 981—East Lancashire 6 per Cent. Pref., 138}—Dowers, 22 3-16-- Eastern Counties, 12 18-16—Leed s , 961—Trunks, 9 15-16 —Blackburns, 10 15-16--Canadas, 18f. BIRMINGII4.3I-OcT. 4. Prices were firm to-day, but little doing, as follows : London and North-Western, 92 I—Ditto d.— Great Western and Stour Valley Guaranteed Stock, 56 6 —Midlands, 981 101—Birminghani Canal, 931 9 4—South Staffords, 10k. BIRTHS. BLOMFIELD. — On the 4th inst., at 3, Finsbury-circus, London, Mrs. Frederick G. Bloomfield, of a daughter. GonooN.--On the 4th inst., at Adelaide-road, the wife of Chas. Gordon, Esq., of a son., ORAM.—On the 4th inst., at Dacre-park-terrace, Lee, Kent, the wife of W. E. S. Oram, Esq., of H.M.'s War Department, of a daughter. RoLLo.—On the 3d inst., at 13 a, Upper Brook-street, the Right Hon. the Lady Rollo. MARRIAGES. MORRIS—HARRISON.—On the 3d inst., at St. Peter's Church, Eccleston-square, Charles W. B. Morris, Esq., Stanley-street, Eccleston-square, to Fanny Harriet, the eldest daughter of W. F. Harrison, Esq., Mansion-house, Übley, Somersetshire. SMITH—DRAKE.—On the 4th inst.. at St. James's, Picca dilly, William Talbot Smith, of 71 Manchester-square, to Ann, the eldest daughter of the late Mr. Marmaduke Drake, of the Blackfriars-road. DEATHS. ARNOLD.—On the 28th ult., at Hastings, Henry Arnold Esq., late of the Royal Marines. CAMPBELL.—On the 2d inst., at Malvern, John Campbell, s our ain t u o e f l B E a g nk g z E tc s y q .. , of jookin. , widow of the late John :p E D I a Gs E A : Le R" s : I C ; l e O o n en t n f l Bentley, Han ts, e g i 4 ds a n t t h ri n sa t s r n , t, a g ed g . e s 7 a O r y . Eddels, Esq., of 64, Cheapside, aged 67. GARDINER —On the 2d inst., at Dartmouth-house, Black heath, of diptheria, Robert Macleod, aged 6 years, and, on the same day, at Melbourne, Esher, Dudley Charles - Lynedoch, aged 7 months —sons of Lieutenant-Colonel Gardiner, R.A. HEATH.—On the Ist inst., at 9, Spital-square (late of 122, Bishopsgate-street without), Mr. George Heath, aged 68. SELrE.—On the 3d inst., Charles Selfe, of 4, Chester-place, Kennington-cross, aged 79. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of N'o. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of Iktiddleses, Tuesday, Qotober 5, 1858. Nm E • PrAio Sol Capital( Reven creasing divided roiumg. All Pt in -the P at every The 11 25 to 70 ] 4, Bau 7, Bank- THE Est: The b COMPAII MARINE Colnpan teed and surance ditions Insura cidents, tog-ether Proposa 11 ,PPIY to ,onipan 7, Ban INTE 80C1 } :stabligl Grace._ Society t standing of grace, payment the office TH Eninowei SITRVI ED3I W. Renv Samuel I John Elli F.R.S. Profesl J • EIII limn. I The ne i n May, Policy taken out in 1838 1841 1845 1848 1851 The fol Internati, The s o( Two-th every fi v , Its slam Its inv atuounted Its ann The nu About ( Since ii Upwards • Chairman 14 2, Str API LEA SA' Chops, an enables tl The dai best seep, Sold by Street, L I Messrs. B other oiln Principal "LEA an the bottle ;I CC. V :h ia r ert d y eri s7 e. I Psn e q C i ar , a l 13 : 1 T° tam rr p s 8 " hOse Dr. Wats( health an medical p " The ti " The the absur Plaints, w and easily vented For Q u ltedical TRW It I: article of, its celebri and has brought p a concernin, a gentlem Perfect the anima of Thole , horse rapi gained no eultnral sl earried ofl leY'S food are, forcei from its o proceed al Who h ave Will do is pamphlot 7 S- THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 5, 1858.