The Sun. — London, England, 1860-03-07 00:00:00

BENSON'S WATCHES. " Perfection of mechanism."—Morning Post. Gold Watches 4 to 100 guineas. Silver Watches 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London, E.C. Bend 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet on Watches ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA. COVENT-GA RD EN. Under the management of Miss L. Pyne and Mr.W. Harrison. TO-MORROW, will be repeated the grand Opera, 'en titled LURLLNE, by W. Vincent Wallace. MessrsW. Har rison, Santley, Corri, and G. Honey ; Misses Louisa Fyne, Pilling, and F. Cruise, Conductor, Alfred Mellon. To conclude with the new grand pantomime, called PUSS IN BOOTS ; or, Harlequin and the Fairy of the Golden Palms. Messrs. W. H. Payne, H. Payne, F. Payne, Barnes, Tallien, and Miss Clara Morgan. French Daucers—Mdlles. Lequine, Pasquale, Pierron, and Mons. Vandris. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence it 7. DOTAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the management of Miss L. Pyne and Mr.W.Harrison. SPECIAL NOTICE. In consequence of the Volunteer Ball (under Royal Patron age) taking place THIS EVENING, the 7th of MARCH inst., Miss Louisa Fyne and Mr. Wm. Harrison having been requested to grant the use of the Opera House on that occa sion, there will therefore be No Performance. Those ladies and gentlemen that booked places for this evening, March 7, may have their tickets transferred for any other evening, or the money returned on application at the box-office. T HEA TRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnokstone. • THIS EVENING, will be performed the new and original Comedy, in three acts, entitled THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. C. Mathews, Buckstone, Compton, Chip pendale, Mrs. C. Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins. Followed by the new Haymarket Comic Christmas Panto mime, VALENTINE'S DAY; or, Harlequin and the Fairy of the True Lovers' Knot. The pantomimists the unrivalled Leclercqs. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM.- Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame Celeste. Madame Celeste has the honour to announce that she will on Thursday next, March 8, revive the Drama of "The Ser geant's Wife," in which Mrs. Keeley, who is engaged for next season, has kindly consented to sustain her original character of Margot, Madame Celeste undertaking (for the first time) the character of Lisette. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee, Mr. A. liarris. THIS EVENING, the Comedy of MONEY. Messra. Geo. Melville, Ryder, Frank Mathews, Widdicomb, H. Bland, IT. Saker, Garden. Graham ; Misses Carlotta Leclercq, Clifford, and Mrs Charles Young After which, a new Christmas burlesque pantomime, by 11. J. Byron, called JACK THE GIANT KILLER ; or, Harle quin King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, Jack, Miss Louise Keeley—Harlequin, Mr. Cormack Panta loon, Mr. Paulo—Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams—Clown, Mr. A. F. Forrest. MW THEATRE - ROYAL, A_DELPHI ole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. THIS EVENING, ICI ON I"ARLE FRANCAIS, Mr. .7 L. Toole, Chas. Selby Billington, Mrs. Chatterlev, Mrs. Bil• lington, Miss Kate Kelly, and Laidlaw. _ _ After which, PAPER WINGS, Mr Alfred Wigan, J. L. Toole, D. Fisher, Billington, P. Bedford, Stuart, C. Selby, Eburne, C. J. Smith, Powell, Romer, Mrs Alfred Wigan, Miss H. Simms, Miss Kate Kelly, and Mrs Chatterley. Followed by DINORAH UNDER DIFFICULTIES. Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, Eburne, C. J. Smith, Miss K. Kelly. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. Directress, Miss Wyndham. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and Westminster, the Park being open to carriages • and foot passengers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with "No. 49." After which, MAGIC TOYS. Miss Lydia Thompson. _ _ Followed by a new burlesque called DIDO. Mr. Charles Young, Mesdames Wyndham, Clara St. Casse, Murray, Eliza Arden, C. Ranoe, A. Evans, and Corps de Ballet. To conclude with FIRST Ark' F.tTIONS. Messrs. H. T. Craven, G. Spencer, and Miss Wyndham. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 54:1; Pit, is. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform anoe commences at 7. CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.- THIS EVENING, LUCREZIA 'BORGIA, (Donizetti). Donna Lucrezia Maffio Orsini Mrs. Anderson. Gennaro Mr. Henry Herbert. Don Altonzo Signor Tivoli. Conductor—Mr. Jong, , hrri ans. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, MARCH 7, 1860. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 50—highest since noon yesterday. 38 —lowest this morning and during the night. 38—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.24—falling again. WIND, North-Easterly ; very fresh and cold, with slight sleet. It rained heavily in the night and morning.. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, lh. 34m..—Afternoon, lh. 56in, To-moßitow.-Morning, 2h. 18m.—Afternoon, 211. 39m, P. •-W - 4 , , r.r ;01 , A../' N . ..:,617177JM.:;-,G,,, , ,, ..,''''`ii 1 1 i .:"F' ,-;:‘: 1 , , , ,,;;;; ; . ,i • ~ 0 N i# 4.o r. i , s- bi -,-,-;-,, , ' 0.0_,-.44.-.„ THE SUN. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 7, 1860, The question of the sale and purchase of commis sions in the Army was brought forward last night by Sir DE L. EVANS, " who moved an address to her MAJESTY, praying that she would be pleased to order the gradual abolition, as soon as practicable, of the sale and purchase of commissions in the Army (having due regard in doing so to existing rights), with the view of substituting, for the purchase sys tem, promotion partly by selection, partly seniority, grounded on war services of merit, length of colo nial and home services, and attested professional fitness." The hon. and gallant General adduced various reasons in support of his motion, and was followed by several, but opposed by many, who evidently seemed to apprehend that their occupation was in danger in the event of the motion being carried. The main feature in favbur of Sir DE LACY'S argument was its moderation for he did not want immediate ac tion, but a recognition of the principle that merit and not money should lead to promotion. The ma jority of officers in our army are poor as compared to those who have the good fortune of belonging to the aristocracy or people of wealth, and their merit consists chiefly in their rank or their pocket. This is felt as a. sad grievance standing in the way of fair promotion ; fur long service, meri torious action and unblemished character too often go for little or nothing in the face of such frepon- derating influences. In saying this we do not by any means assert that there are not gentlemen in the army whose merit is far more conspicuous than their rank or fortune. But the impression still weighs heavily on the poorer officer that his chance is small as against wealth and aristocratic influence, however worthy may be his conduct or approved his claims. The question is beset itli difficulties—personal, pecuniary, and regimental. Mr. SIDNEY HER BERT, the Secretary of State for War, did ample justice to the subject; and promised to enter into all the suggestions offered with a view of meet ing the wishes of the House, the Army, and the Country. He thought the best course to pursue was to prevent the purchase of Commissions in the higher ranks of the Army, but to continue it among the lower grades of officers up to Captains inclu sive, as recommended by the Commission which sat on the subject four years ago under the present Duke of SOMERSET, and Mr. S. HERBERT pro mised to devise a plan in accordance with that suggestion. Let It a l y b e true to herself and she need not fear. At present the appearances are in her favour. The first cut and dried confederation scheme of Villa franca was not to her taste, and she civilly and wisely let it drop through. A second programme has been sent from the French Foreign-office, avowedly because that of Villafranca would not do. When will intermeddlers learn wisdom ? Certain very amiable single ladies, having missed somehow the happiness of matrimonial bliss, conceive a fancy that they can tell every married pair, and all the chil dren of their friends also, how they may best be happy. They will not let you be happy in your own way. They can prove, by unanswerable rea sons, how much better you could amuse yourself, and how perfect your youngsters might be, would you all but shape your ways by Aunty's direction. Politeness requires 'us to listen to the wisdom of sage maidenhood, but the youngsters, one by one slip off, and while we are submitting to edification, they have found out the way to be happy in most disorderly and unsymmetrical modes in the nursery or playroom. Lotus NAPoLEoN ought to know better. He has had experience enough of many cities and many men. Yet he cannot refrain from enacting the political old maid. The leading men of the Central Italian States, and their people, under their guidance, know well enough how they can make themselves politically happy. They see in the constitution of Piedmont the means of representa tive legislation and administration in which they would like to share. They see in the union of their States with Piedmont a natural expedient for strengthening themselves against Neapolitan and Papal malignity on the South, and Austrian spite on the North-east. They see in VICTOR EM MANUEL, and in his able Minister, not men of unworthy ambition, but men of hearty Italian sympathies, and of an ambition worthy of Italian patriots—that of " being foremost in the struggle for Italian independence 9" All the parties seem made to make each other happy, but the Imperial Aunty stands by with her " No, no, my dears, you do not know what is best for you, I can make you ao happy if you will but listen to me. You, Piedmont, Parma, and Modena, you join in this game —you, Tuscany, must play at solitaire—and you, my dear Romagnese, you must keep with your Holy Papa, only you will have such toys as Uncle VICTOR puts before you." Now, when will such a clever man, as the "nephew of my uncle" unquestionably is, see the folly of such prudery ? What can he gain by it ? If he coerce, diplomaticaPy or otherwise, he only ensures being wished out of the way by those he would patronise. If he do not succeed, his at tempts are but additions to the list of his abortions. At present he has the good-will —nay, we believe, the gratitude—of Italians. Notwithstanding his unfortunate blunder at Villafranca, they have sense enough to know that, but for the bayonets of France, they would have had no chance of meeting at all to vote on the question of annexation to Piedmont. At present, therefore, gratitude seems to predominate over annoyance at his desire to fetter their action. But this cannot last for ever. If Tuscany and the Legations wish to amalgamate with Sardinia, the reasons for which are so obvious, and if the EMPEROR'S desire to bless them in his way, not in their own, be persisted in, they will certainly lose that cordiality of feeling which is a far greater gain to France than would be the " slopes of the Alps." They will think, at length, more of the present meddlesomeness and ungenerosity than of the battles which drove out the Austrians. "Why," indeed, they may well ask, " drive out the Austrians, professedly for the liberation of Italy, and then slip your own yoke, although a lighter one, on our necks ?" Though expressed in mild language, the threats of M. TIIOUVENEL and his master are unworthy of the EMPEROR'S position. It is singular, too, that they are absurdly illogical. In one paragraph the attempt is made to show that the addition of Tus cany would be a source of weakness to Piedmont; in another, that the strength she will obtain by the annexation of the other provinces requires for France the cession of Savoy as a better military frontier. Of course the King of SARDINIA may re ply, "If you believe what you say, leave me and Tuscany to our own wishes, and the Kingdom of Piedmont being weakened, as you say it will by our union, you can then do without the ' slopes of the Alps.'" The EMPEROR may reasonably calculate that England will not fight for the northern slopes of the Alps, nor for the country of Nice either. We may let him alone, as we have preferred in private ' life to get a pickpocket under the pump, rather than be at the cost and trouble of a prosecution. But the EMPEROR ought thoroughly to understand that from the moment he lays his hands on Savoy, or any part of it, he takes rank with the tyrants who seized on Poland, and comparatively recently on Cracow. He will be like the Sovereigns of Russia, Prussia, and Austria, one of the fraternity of territorial brigands. He may begin with hum ble game. He may run off at first with an orange or a pocket handkerchief, but the conviction will be fixed in the minds of all continental States that he is not to be tru_ted. 'We do not, indeed, see the wisdom of mixing up the treaty with the question of Savoy. They are so totally unconnected that they ought to be each dealt with on their respective merits. We ought, also, to take no action till he does. His deeds have as often hitherto fallen short of his words as surpassed them. What in truth he has best succeeded in he has said nothing about till he acted. We rather conclude then, from his having said so much about it, that he may yet have the prudence to reconsider his project on Savoy. The Italians, however, have no time to lose. They have carried everything hitherto on which they have acted with decision. Let them not waver now. FARINI, notwithstanding the Imperial warn ings, has put before the whole male population of Tuscany, as well as the other States, the question —" Annexation or separate Government." We only hope the reply will be such as will stagger POPE and EMPERORS, and all the in tcrmeddlers, and admonish them that they had better attend to their own Go vernment, and leave their neighbours to them selves. We have only room to point attention to the important document of Count CAYOUR, just re ceived, which will be found in another part of our impression. A petition was presented to the House of Com mons the other evening by the hon. member for Sheffield which is not unworthy of some degree of public notice. It appealed to the House on be half of a personage whose wrongs have been often alluded to in these columns. The Prince of GON ZAGA, although possessing an undoubtedclaim to the sovereignty of a considerable portion of Italy, and having the rights of a British subject, has been for years subjected to a system of persecu tion by the despots of Europt, whose malignity found no excuse in the quiet and dignified de portment of the sufferer. The Austrian Govern ment has for years maintained a system of es pionage over all classes of its Italian subjects— a suspicion being sufficient to doom an innocent person to a punishment which, in a free country, would only be inflicted for crimes of the deepest dye. The unfortunate Prince has been doomed to suffer not only from the natural of the great op pressors of Italy but also fr nn the stupidity, care lessness, and irrascibilit.y of the Jacks in office, who exercised almost unlimited authority over the tri• bunals of justice before the present Emperor of the FRENCH had reorganised the Parisan police. Some years since, while visiting Paris, the Prince was seized owing to suspicions which had been excited by the conduct of an imposter who had assumed his name. Without a fair investigation, and with out any examination of his witnesses, he was thrown into the prison at Maizas, and condemned to five years imprisonment with a fine of 3,000 francs. Numerous applications were made to the judicial authorities on his behalf during the two years of his detention, but the judges refused to listen to any representa- • tions though supported by influential personages. On the case being subsequently brought before the EMPEROR by Lord COWLEY, his MAJESTY imme diately remitted the fine and set the prisoner at liberty, thereby reversing the sentence of the Cor rectionnel de Police, and tacitly admitting its in justice. The Prince immediately returned to this country, where he has since resided ; but, feeling justly aggrieved at his treatment, and considering that his honour was compromised by his imprison ment, he makes this appeal to the British Parlia ment, in order that his character may be cleared from any stigma which might attach to it from the prejudice of his judges and the studied concealment of the facts of the case. We commend a careful perusal of the petition in question to the members of the Legislature, assuring them that all the asser tions it puts forward are fully substantiated by the necessary documents. At a time like the present, when the Italian interests form the great topic of the day, the case acquires peculiar importance. As it is evident that, before long, the Governments of the Italian States will undergo many ehanges, it would not be surprising should some share of their old authority pass once more into the hands of their native princes. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 7, 1860. Baron Ricasoli. If the French Government deems it necessary to advance by arguments or considera tions which are especially applicable to Tuscany or to the Romagna, I shall lose no time in transmitting them honestly, at the same time inviting them to give these arguments such a degree of publicity as M. de Thouvenal may deem fitting. " Yet I think it right to observe, that if the pro position relative to the Romagna be presented in the form it assumes in the despatch of M. de Thou venal, we expose ourselves to seeing it rejected almost unanimously by the Romagnoles. On his part the Holy Father would probably give it a still less favourable reception than if the absolute separation of these provinces were in question. " The idea of a Vicariat, implying that of a direct interference of the Court of Rome in internal ad ministration, would encounter among the popula lations of these countries absolute resistance. It would be impossible to make them accept it other wise than by force. Submitted to the test of po pular suffrage, that proposition would hardly meet with any favour ; and on this point there can be no sort of doubt. It is, moreover, evident that the Holy Father would not accept this combination, however inspired it might be by the desire of sav ing his rights, and of not lowering the high posi tion which he occupies in Italy. What has, in point of fact, hitherto prevented his Holiness from consenting, I do not say to measure calculated to limit his sovereign authority, but even to reforms which were suggested to him by all Europe, is the fear of incurring the responsibility of acts which, though in conformity with the principles in vigour in the greater part of civilised countries, might lead to certain results contrary to the precepts of reli gious morality, of which the Sovereign .Pon tiff justly considers himself the supreme guardian. A very recent fact corroborates this assertion. When France desired to put an end to the occupation of Rome she requested the Holy See to form a national army like the other European Powers. The Roman Government re plied that the Holy Father could not admit of recruiting, because it was repugnant to his conscience to subject a great number of his sub jects to a-celibacy even temporary. The institution of a Vicariat would not. prevail over these scruples. The Holy Father, regarding himself as indirectly responsible for the acts of its vicar, would certainly not allow him the liberty of action necessary to permit the proposed plan to have any useful result. I am of opinion that France proposing to herself to secure to the Holy Father certain advantages, and to preserve his high political sovereignty, her object would be attained with less difficulty if the annexation were accomplished with the express re serve on the part of the King of Sardinia to nego tiate with the Holy See, and to obtain its assent to the new state of things by means of certain obli gations his Majesty would contract with it ; these obligations to cousist in the acknowlegment of the entire sovereignty of the Pope, and in an engage ment to co-operate even by force of arms in the maintenance of his independence, and to contribute to a certain extent towards the expenses of the Court of Rame. According to these considerations, which cannot escape M. Farini, it is possible that, in order to obtain a more sincere manifes tation of the wishes of the population, the Government of the Romagna will make no express mention of the Vicarlat in the propositions to be submitted to universal suffrage. If. however, M. Thouvenel is of a contrary opinion, I think that M. Farini would make no difficulty in pro posing the form in which the vote is to be given in conformity with the despatch which M. Thou venel communicated to me. The proposition rela tive to Tuscany not giving rise to any misunder standing, I abstain from making any observation on the form in which it is to be presented to the popular vote. Whatever may be the reply re turned by the States of Central Italy, the King's Government at once declares that it will accept it unconditionally. If Tuscany declares for the pre- servation of her autonomy by means of the forma tion of a State distinct from Sardinia, not only will it not oppose the realisation of this wish, but it will frankly aid in overcoming the obstacles which suoh a solution might encounter, and obviating the inconvenience which may follow from it. It wil act in like manner with respect to the Romagna and to the Duchies of Parma and Modena. But if, or. the contrary, these provinces again manifest in a clear manner a wish to be united to Piedmont, e cannot any longer oppose it. Indeed, did we wish to do so, we could not. In the present state of public opinion a Ministry who would refuse a second demand for annexation, sanctirned by a second popular vote on the part of Tuscany, not only would no longer find support in Parliament, but would soon be overthrown by a unanimous vote of censure. In accepting beforehand the contin gency of annexation, the King's Government takes upon itself an immense responsibility. The formal declarations contained in the despatch of M. Thouvenel to Baron de Talleyrand render, it is aware, the dangers much more serious which it may produce. If it do not recede before them, it is because it is convinced that by rejecting the de mand of Tuscany, not only the Cabinet, but King Victor Emmanuel himself, would lose all influence and all mo-al authority in Italy, and would proba bly be reduced to the alternative of governing by force. Rather than hazard in such a manner the great work of regeneration, for which France has made so many generous sacrifices, the honour, and even the interest, well understood of our country, urge the King and his Government to expose them selves to the most perilous chances. I venture to flatter myself that M. Thouvenal will appreciate the motives which engage us to follow the line of conduct I have traced out, and, even should he con tinue to believe that we are taking a wrong course, that he will kindly do justice to the sentiments which prevent us from con f orm i ng en ti re l y t o th e councils which come from a Government for which we are accustomed to have as much sympathy as deference. After having explained with entire frankness the intentions of the King's Govern ment, I think it my duty, before I conclude this despatch, to add some reflections on the proposal to rest ore t o T uscany h er autonomy, to which the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Emperor Thouvenel to attach a great import ance. M. de l'houvenel fears that a too gr eat extension of Sardinia would render the task of the King's Government more difficult, and ex pose it to be led away by the extreme parties who would no longer fi n d a su ffi c i ent counterpo i se i n monarchical traditions and in the Conservative in stincts of the old provinces of Piedmont. I confess that I cannot participate in these fears. If the an nexation of Central Italy takes place, Tuscany very probably will form the province which will strengthen the Conservative and Liberal element the most. The constitution of property, the morals of the inhabitants, and their distinguished tradi tions concur in giving in that country a marked superiority to the national opinions of the moderate party. The events of 1848, and still more those which have occurred within the last year, prove that the great majority of the Tuscans knew how to unite warm patriotism with a sentiment of well declared order ; and, consequently, if they are united to us they will strengthen our constitutional edifice in place of weakening it. Would the an nexation of Tuscany have a greater inconvenience, and would it present more danger with respect to our foreign policy ? I would not dare to contest It if we had only to choose between annexation or the restoration of the dynasty of Lorraine. If this solution were realised Austria would certainly accept it without difficulty, and it would imme diately receive the sanction of Europe. But a Prince, freely elected, will meet the same opposi tion at Vienna, and will excite more objections at St. Petersburg and at Berlin than King Victor Emmanuel himself annexing Tuscany to his do minions. If, therefore, a Prince were imposed on the Tuscans against their will, great interior diffi culties would be created at home without any com pensation as regards foreign policy. In my opinion, therefore, the re-establishment of an autonomy in Tuscany presents no advantage, but it may produce serious complications and great inconvenience. A throne surrounded with liberal institutions, which would have neither the principle of legitimacy nor that of a popular voice to support it, would be without roots and without aid. The ultra-Conser vative party, and that fraction of the clerical party which confound the interests of religion with those of divine right would oppose it to the death. The same may be said of the national party, which certainly will not abandon the idea of annexa tion. Who would defend it ? The partisans of municipal ideas. But those are few in number, and they are diminishing daily, for ideas follow each other everywhere, and particularly in It a ly, in a contrary current to municipal interests. Without friends, and in presence of determined adversaries, the new Sovereign, however great his personal merit, would be shortly reduced to absolute impotency. It may be objected, perhaps, as I have already observed, that Tuscany possesses Conservative elements. I will reply to that objection that the Tuscans are moderate without being apathetic or indifferent, and that the parties there, although not extreme, profess Levertheless decided opinions. Now a Government which finds itself in contradiction with the principles of all parties would be certain of meeting an opposition, if not violent, at least very determined. But the internal opposition would not be the greatest dan ger which would menace the Government of Flo rence. Its feebleness would infallibly attract to Tuscany the ardent spirits, the violent men of all other parties in Italy. This country would shortly become a revoluttonary focals, dangerous even for neighbouring countries. Thanks to these foreign elements, legal opposition would be transformed into violent and subversive opposition, and would , ! FRANCE AND SARDINIA. The following is the note from Count Cavour, addressed to M. de Nigra, at Paris, dated February 29, in reply to the despatch of M. Thouvenal to Baron Talleyrand : " Monsieur Le Chevalier,—Baron Talleyrand came yesterday to read to me a despatch which his Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs of his Majesty the Emperor of the French has trans mitted to him, with the copy of an official paper which he has addressed to Count Persigny, point ing out the manner which he judges necessary to issue from a situation all the more dangerous the more confused it becomes. _ _ " In the despateh which Baron Talleyrand has read to me, M./de Thouvenel justly thinks that the moment has arrived for every one to explain him self clearly ; for him to explain without reserve the thought of the French Government in order that the Cabit of Turin may judge for itself of the mea sures by which it would be most suitable to regu lete its own conduct. " Noi io endanger the results of the war, and to act that they should be recognised by Europe, by placing them under the sanction of international law—such is the double object which M. Thouvenrl assigns to the policy of France in Italy. He en gages the Turin Cabinet to associate itself to the measures by which he proposes to attain this double end, at the same time leaving us free to follow, without the co-operation of France, a different line of conduct. " Regarding the present situation as the turn ing point of a historical period, without any term previously marked for its duration, M. de Thouvenel believes that, above all, it is necessary to eliminate the elements of perturbation which, at home as well as abroad, might impede the regular:aud pacific development of the order of things prevailing in Italy. A too great extension of the territory of Sardinia, which would impose on her the task of a too laborious as similation, appears to M. de Thouvenel the most dangerous of these elements of perturbation. Ac cording to M. de Thouvenel, Sardinia, if excessively aggrandised, would be led away by the unrefiect ing ardour of its new populations, could no longer direct her policy, and her centre of action would be displaced. M. de Thouvenel thinks that it is hatred to Austria which has brought towards Sar dinia the populations of Central Italy; and he con sequently believes that the annexation of all these provinces would place the King's Government in the necessity of chosing between war and revolu tion. " Influenced by these considerations the French Government proposes : " 1. To accomplish immediately the annexation of the Duchies of Parma and Modena. " 2. To give to Sardinia the temporal administra tion of the Romagn as, under the form of a Vicariat, which, according to M. Thouvenel, Mould give satisfaction to the Catholic and municipal feeling of the population, at the same time respecting the high sovereignty of the Holy See. "To re-establish the Autonomy of Tuscany, the population of which (such at least is the opinion of M. de Thouvenel) by no means shares the desire of absorbing in a more extended kingdom its noble and glorious traditional individuality. " After having explained this combination, M. de Thouvenel adds, that France would engage to sup port it in a congress or in a conference; that she would prevent all foreign intervention of a nature to place obstacles to the execution of this plan, in order that Sardinia, on adhering to these proposi tions, should have France behind her and with her. " In the contrary hypothesis, the French Govern ment would take its own interest as the only guide as regards its ulterior resolutions ; it would reas sume the independence of its policy in order to dis engage its responsibility, and place itself out of the reach of all complication. " Reserving myself to treat in another despatch the arguments which have _reference to Central Italy, I lose no time in making you acquainted, M. le Chevalier, with the answer which his Ma jesty's Government deems it its duty to return to these propositions, which it has been the subject of serious examination and conscientious discussion. Emanating from a Government which has so many claims on the gratitude of Sardinia, and the bene volent solicitude of which for the condition of Italy cannot be called in qu( stion, the King's Govern ment was naturally dispose' to receive these obser vations in the most favourable manner. " In spite of that disposition, the Cabinet (whose President I have the honour to be) has come to the conviction that their realisation would encounter serious difficulties, which it is beyond the power of the King's Government to overcome ; and this, in consequence of the following considerations, the force of which, I hope, M. Thouvenel will appre ciate. " I do riot mean to go deeply into the discussion of the propositions which have been communicated to me. Whatever objections they may present, and some of which I shall point out hereafter, it is cer tain that they contain a solution much more advan tageous for Italy than that which we were per mitted to hope for the day after the peace of Villa franca. " The complete destruction of Austrian influence on the right bank of the Po, the exclusion of every thought of restoration, and, finally, a lay and liberal government secured to the Romagnas, are immense benefits, the importance of which we cannot refuse to admit. It is, therefore, possible that if this solu tion had been proposed in the month of August it would have been accepted, if not with enthusiasm, at least without repugnance, by Central Italy. " That, however; cannot be the case at present. Sardinia may still, out of deference towards France, accept it, in as far as she herself is concerned, in order to put an end to a precarious state of things, replete with danger and opposed to her interests ; but it is not doubtful that these propositions would meet in Tuscany and in the Romagna the most serious difficulties, which the King's Government cannot hope to overcome. "The populations of these countries have been administered for more than eight months by a na tional Government, which has known how to re concile the most ardent patriotism with a remark able spirit of moderation and prudence. That conduct, to which M. de Thouvenel is pleased to render justice in his despatch to the Marquis de Moustier, has won for the populations of Central Italy the praise of the whole of Europe. The result is that the feeling as to the rights of disposing of their own condition is strongly developed among them. It is strengthened by the assurances formally repeated by the Government of the Emperor, that it should never be permitted that any particular form of government should be imposed upon them by force ; it h as acqu i re d an i rres i st ibl e v i gour s i nce the publi c it y g i ven to the four Engl i sh prepos i t i ons, the first t wo of which and establsh were i in ac a p cep e t r e e d mp by tory France inan without reserv e ,- ner the principle of non-intervention. " With such a state of things before us, Sardinia must limit herself to transmitting to the Govern ments of Central Italy the propositions of France, without letting them remain in ignorance of any of the motives which have led the Government of the Emperor, after mature reflection, to consider them as the solution most proper to secure the maintenance of peace by reconciling the interests of Italy with the exigencies of Europe. It is hardly probable that these Governments the issue of popular suffrage, should take on them the responsibitity of a resolu tion so grave, and which pronounces ou the destiny oF these populations. " They persist, naturally, as they have been en gaged to do by the fourth proposition, in consulting the naiion, so as to obtain a manifesttation of its wishes as complete and as unmistakable as possi ble. For that purpose they will, perhaps, adopt the means of universel and direct suffrage, as the one of which the result may be the least contested. "The communication of which I have just spoken will be made this very day either to M. Fariei or place, after sometime, the Sovereign between a revolution and a coup d'etat, supported by a foreign force—a fatal alternative, which, by profoundly altering the character of a national movement, would be for Italy the source of incalculable woes. " I earnestly desire that M. de Thouvenel would be so good as to take into consideration these ob servations on the project of constituting Tuscany into a separate State. Whatever judgment he may pass upon it, the reasons I have given will at least prove to him that we cannot become the supporters of the solution which he proposes. "Be so good as to read and leave a copy of this despatch with his Excellency the Minister of Fo reign Affairs. I avail myself of this occasion to offer the renewed assurances of my distinguished consideration. " C. CAVOUR." LATEST NEWTS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : FLORENCE, MARCH 6. A Government audiance has been issued to-day suppressing all former decrees which might tend to modify or restrain the liberty of the press in poli tical matters. PARIS, MARCH 6. The Patrie asserts that the reply of Sardinia to the last despatch of M. Thouvenel has arrived in Paris. The King is said to have agreed to the solution proposed by France in reference to the Romagna; but as regards the solution of the ques tion of Tuscany proposed by the Emperor, the reply of the King is said to be less distinct. The Patrie adds :—"We are unable to make known the exact reply of Sardinia in reference to the annexa tion of Savoy to France." TURIN, MARCH 6. Count Arese has arrived in Turin. The clergy of Milan have appointed a commission for collecting subscriptions to assist the emigration from Venetia. A letter from the Chevalier Buoncompagni has been published, stating that he has resigned the post of Governor-General. The Opinione of to-day publishes Count Cavour's Circular, dated Milan, Feb. 24, and addressed to the Sardinian ambassadors accredited at the courts of the four great Powers. On the subject of a cir cular of the imperial councillor of Mantua, order ing the arrest of persons who favour or are sus pected of favouring the emigration of Venetians, Count Cavour states that this system of presump tion of guilt has been extended to persons in cluded in the amnesty guaranteed by the treaty of Zurich, and believes it to be his duty to protest against a course of action involving the destruc tion of the stipulations of this treaty. He in sists that the Emperor of Austria should render the amnesty granted at Villafranca as comprehen sive and complete as possible. The Government of the King of Sardinia would not have failed reli giously fulfilling that part of the treaty regarding the granting of an amnesty had it devolved upon his Majesty. Count Cavour demands, therefore, that Austria shall not elude the execution of the benevolent designs which, in conformity with the feelings of humanity, were proposed by the peace of Villafranca. TURIN, MARCH 6. It is stated that as soon as the principles of the annexation of Savoy shall be settled between France and Savoy the great Powers will be invited to a conference in order to examine the reasons brought forward by France in favour of the annexation. It is said that Count Arese, who has returned to Turin, has been entrusted by the Emperor with the mission to bring about a speedy and definitive settlement between France and Piedmont of the question of Savoy. NAPLES (via Marseilles), MARCH 3. A great display of military took place here on the Ist inst. Some persons of high distinction have been arrested. The Prince Torella had been con ducted to the Prefecture of Police, but was set at liberty again. His brother, the Marquis de Bella, has been detained. It is stated that several noble men are about to be exiled. Activity prevails in the arsenals day and night. Letters from Sicily announce that the Attorney- General at Messina had been murdered, and that a fulminating bomb had been thrown at the Director of the police, by which two persons were wounded. ROME, MARCH 3 (via Marseilles). Great agitation prevails in the Marches. Tri coloured flags have been hoisted nightly at Viterbo. It is asserted that the Papal Government is prepar ing a note accusing Piedmontese agents of exciting the inhabitants. Revolutionary agents have in duced the inhabitants to give up smoking and tak ing part in the lottery. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, MARCH 6. An Imperial patent has been published today ordering the augmentation of the Imperial council by extraordinary councillors, who are to be assem bled periodically, The Emperor himself will ap point for life as members of the council, the arch dukes, the clerical dignitaries, and some distin guished persons belonging to the civil and military branches. The provincial diets are to propose 38 members subject to the approval of the Emperor, who will choose every member from a list of three candidates presented by the diets. These mem bers will take their seats in the council for six years. The following are the subjects which will be sub mitted to the discussion of the council :—the budget, the examination of the balance of public accounts the demands of the commission for the public debt, and important projects of general laws. The coun cil will have no initiative in the discussion of the wishes of the provincial diets. The ministers and the heads of the public offices are entitled to take part in the discussions of the council. The arrange ment of the rules for transacting the business of the council is reserved. The councillors are to have no allowances from the treasury. Another imperial ordinance convokes the assem bly of the councillors for the month of May next, in order to examine the budget for 1861, for which purpose and for the active preparation of the esta blishment of the provincial diets the Emperor will call competent men from all the provinces. FRANCE. THE BOURSE, March 6.—The market has been completely inanimate, and securities without varia tion. Threes have been done at 67f 95c, to 67f 90c. Mobilier 746 f 25c to 743 f 75c ; Austrian, 502 f 50c to 501 f 25c; Lombard, 542 f 50c to 541 f 25f ; Lyons, 890 f to 887 f 50c ; Orleans, 1,375 f to 1,372 f 50c ; Southern, 497 f 50c to 495 f ; Northern, 922 f 50c to 920 f; Western, 586 f 25c to 585 f The following are the last quotations : 11 per Cents. .... 97 60 I Credit Fonder 747 50 Do. end month .. 97 50 Belgian 41 3 per Cents 67 90 Piedmontese (5) .. 80 50 Do. en] month '67 95 i Roman - Bl Bank Shams 2815 —lAustrian "r6(14 Mobilier .. 747 50 Spanish Threes Do. Account ..... 746 25 Home Debt 43 25 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account,. 1376 25 .. 1376 25 Orleans .. .... Northern New ditto B3l 25 .. , E.yons and Mediterranean B9O .. 888 75 Geneva 472 50 .. 471 25 Southern Western 5Bl 25 .. 582 50 I , !agtern S.trdiniam. Austrian Lombard .... Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 71c.; money, 25f. 5c.; three months, paper, 24f, 87±c.; money, 24L 85c. INDIA. We take the following from the Overland sum mary of the Bombay Times and Standard, of the 9th of February : "In consequence of the despatch from horn of troops for the China expedition, several of the re giments detailed in our last issue as destined for China from the Bengal Presidency have been coun termanded, and the following is the present arrange ment :—Her Majesty's 3d Regiment gone to China; the 6th, to Benares and Azimgurh ; the Bth, en route to Calcutta for China ; the 37th stand fast at Ghazeepore ; the Ist battalion of the 60th, Fort William ; the 67th, gone to China ; the 73d stand fast at Dinapore ; the 99th, to China. " In consequence of these changes, her Majesty's 24th will stand fast, and two regiments will be stationed in the hills, one at Dugshai, and the other at Kussowlie ; but the selection is not yet made., The embarcation of such troops as are definitely destined to form part of the force is rapidly pro ceeding, and we look with interest for some infor mation respecting the artillery from home. All the arrangements are concluded for its transport from Suez. " The expedition with the Submarine Telegraph cable, which left Muscat on the morning of the 24th of January, completed the laying of the line to Kooria Mooria successfully on Sunday, the 29th of January. We are now waiting with souie im patience•to hear of its continuation to Aden, when India will be almost within instant communication with Europe. " The object of the expedition sent against the Wnrzeerees has been accomplished, and the mur derer of the late Captain Mecham has been sur rendered, and was taken into Bunnoo on the 22d of January. " The Right Hon. James Wilson arrived in Calcutta on Tuesday evening, the 24th January,. and a Council was held on Wednesday, at which some important financial questions were discussed. A Calcutta contemporary understands that the question of a paper circulation is under conside tion in the form of a Government note, bearing a small interest, which would, it is stated, meet the views of the natives on the subject. The effoct of this rumour upon securities is very noticeable in our present quotations of stock, which has gone up between 3 and 4 per cent. The establishment of a bank of issue in this coun• try is a more difficult problem than is generally supposed. The effect of opening such a bank will be to place the Indian currency between two force-pumps—the one in Europe forcing bullion upon us ; the other in Calcutta forcing paper, with the effect of lowering its value indefinitely. " The Lucknow .Herald says it has news from the frontiers to the effect that Jung Bahadoor has suarendered the Begum and her son Burjees Kadr unconditionally, without any stipulations for their maintenance, and that they have arrived at Gonda, and will be sent on to Lucknow. Should this news be confirmed there is no longer any rebel leader in the field of high or low degree in Nepaul. There appears, however, to be a cause for regret in another quarter. The Oude Gazette hears that tidings have been received at head-quarters of ' a feeling of discontent still lingering in the minds of the remnant of the late Company's European troops, especially the Artillery. It has transpired that several of them, in different parts, have been in correspondence, urging each other to agitate for the bounty. To put down this spirit of insubordi nation, Government has resolved upon some most stringent measures, which the ringleaders will be shortly made to feel.' MONEY-MARKET AND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE FROM JAN. 25 TO FEB. 8, 1860. BOMBAY, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEB. 8. During the past fortnight the increasing value of money has made the dealers in imports less inclined to operate, and, though a good amount of sales of cotton piece goods is reported, a sacrifice in price is the only method usually of quitting stocks. Metals have been largely placed, but are now rather lookingdown. The export-market is dull, and a further fall in prices of cotton and linseed has had little effect in inducing purchases, chiefly in consequence of still advancing freights to England. The Bank of Bombay has further raised its rate of dis count 1 per cent. in consequence of the continued pressure for accommodation. Money is now advanced at 9 per cent. for cash credits on Government securities, and 10 per cent. for private bills at three months' date. Government securities ht ve been in great demand at ad vancing prices, as, in consequence of the increased value in England, large sums have been taken for homeward remit tance. We have again to note a great rise in freights for Eng land, £3 10s. to £3 15s. having been paid for Liverpool, and £3 for London, there being littte cargo offering for the latter port. China freights are dull at lOrs. to 71rs. per candy. AUSTRALIA. We take the following from the overland sum mary of the Melbourne Argus of Jan. 17 : " The Columbian, with the Australian mails of January, takes her departure to-morrow morning. The Salsette, with the English mails of November, arrived in Hobson's Bay on the evening of the Bth inst. " A proposition by tb e Peninsular and Oriental Company to alter the route of the mail steamers from Mauritius to Galle and to give a fortnightly service for an additional subsidy of £25,000 a-year was received in Melbourne by the last mail. Un less accepted the company declare their determina tion to retire from the contract, on account of the returns from freight and passengers being insuffi cient, with the subsidy, to cover their expenses. A meeting of the Chamber of Commerce has been held to consider the project, and a resolution has been unanimously come to, recommending the change of route to the Government, and suggesting that, should the other colonies be unwilling to accept their proportions of the additional subsidy, the whole cost should be borne by Victoria. " In this colony it is the unanimous feeling that the change of route and the additional ser vice will be of great advantage to the public. The old route via Galle has always been preferred to the present one by Mauritius, as being not only shorter and more convenient, but as uniting us directly with India and our Eastern possessions. And it is also felt that the time has arrived for a more frequent intercourse with Europe. The Pen insular and Oriental Company, whether rightly or wrongly, has been accepted as the only possible instrument for securing to these colonies the bene• fits of a regular and speedy steam communication with Europe ; and although some delays have oc curred in the performance of their present contract the service, on the whole, has never been so punc tually executed. Should the terms now offered not be accepted, it is probable that we shall have to pay more for a future monthly service than we are now asked to pay for a fortnightly one. " Parliament returned to busin.es.s on the 10th inst., after the Christmas recess. "The intelligence of the wreck of the Royal Charter has been received here with. profound sen sation. The A . rgus telegram from Aden, published h ere on the 13th of December, hood announced the arrival of the vessel at Queenstvawn, so that her subsequent fate was peculiarly pailful to the friends of the hapless passengers. " The volunteer movement is progressing most hopefully in this colony in spite , of the stupid and dastardly opposition which it encountered from a certain class at its outset. A very respect able force can now be mustered l'or the defence of the colony in case of invasion,. and, though it is yet practically unarmed, it is expected that a suffi cient nural.,er of Enfield rifles will. shortly be at its service, In connection with this subject, we may menti,Jn that the receipt of an ordiar from the War °ffic'e, directing the immediate discharge of all sol di'ers from the 40th regiment motto have sarved a term of 10 years, has caused much dissatisfaction among the colonists. We are not in a position to spare any portion of our military force, and it is a very paltry economy which would make our small army still smaller by the withdramal of some 70 or 80 soldiers. "THE GOLDFIELDS. " The new year has opened most promisingly for the goldfields. The discorveries of the last few weeks are important, and, eveil if no more be • made for some time, will afford P i mple soope and occupation to a large number of miners, who were previously in a state of uncertainty as to where best they might dispose of themselves and their labour. And these discoveries are not only important from the extent of the new ground thus opened up, but they give further indications and most unmistakeable proofs that others must follow on further explora tions of the country. Thus one of these new fields, on which upwards of 20,000 people have already collected, and are earning more money, perhaps, than has been realised at any of the great ' rushes' of late years, is easily accespible, situate in an open country, and was partly tried before, but with little success. Here perseverance in the search has at length opened up deposits of apparently almost bouadlees extent and very tolerable richness, and such as are eminently calculated to afford remunerative em ployment to the numbers of men driven off many of the older fields by the want of water, and of ground also suitable to the miners of limited means. Lamplough, as the diggings of which we speak are now called, is in the Avoca district, not many miles from where gold was first found at the Pyrenees in 1851. The ground is shallow and easily worked, the auriferous deposits being reached at depths varying for the most pari from 20 to 30 feet, but, like all the ground yet opened in that district, it is patchy, and no clearly defined leads of gold have yet been struck. The patches are, however, pretty numerous, and no great distance apart, so that al though there are no superficial indications of their position, the miners strike in without much hesi tation, especially as they so soon learn the value of their claims. Good shallow diggings are a great boon to the miner, and here he has them apparently of great extent. The second new field, opened up about the same time, is some distance to the north eastward, and near Sandy Creek, so famous for the yield of its reefs, and the production of the heaviest cakes of amalgamated gold yet retorted in the colony. This tract of auriferous ground, the Ingle wood diggings, is in the midst of a dense scrub, and little or nothing is known of its extent at pre sent. The nearest water, too, is five miles away, in the Loddon, so that the difficulties in the way of exploration are very great. Still, roads have been cut through the scrub, several gullies have been proved to be auriferous, quartz-reefs have been laid hare, and much gold has been obtained from the picked wash-dirt deemed worthy of being carted to the river. The absolute want of water, even for drinking purposes, will prevent the development of the Inglewood diggings until winter comes round again ; but they are fully expected to turn out ex ceedingly well, in regard to both the alluvial ground and the quartz-reef. Of the third new field little or nothing is known as yet, except from the dis closures made by the discoverer. According to his account, it is situated among the dividing ranges from which the Yarra, Goulburn, and some of the tributaries of the Ovens take their rise, and it ex tends for a distance of some 40 or 50 miles at least. So far he has traced it by following the water courses, but the country is so densely timbered and impervious that the actual extent of the auriferous formation will not be known for years, even though a large population should be attracted to the ranges. Gold was found by the explorer in black sand, taken from the bed of every creek which he tried, and the samples brought to town yielded, on analysis, proportions of from 6oz. to upwards Of 301 b. of gold, and about an eighth of the total weight of pure tin, to the ton. All the rivers flout ing from these ranges have been found at different times to contain gold in the sands, so that this last discovery ouly adds another to the many proofs already existing, that the whole of the southern most portion of the Australian Alps is more or less auriferous. , 4 RAILWAYS. " There is very little to report with respect to th• progress of the works on the two main lines of rail ways. The difficulties which have from tim• to time arisen between the workmen and their em ployers have died out for the present, and activity is the order of the day. _ . " Ships at Sandridge Railway Pier since last mail, exclusive of 11 colonial steamers, viz.:—The Calliance, Pamella, Alhambra, Phoenix, Lincoln shire, United States, Lightning., Cambodia, Domi nick Daly, Commerce, Blackburn, Hilton, Stag, Result, Belle Creole, Esmeralda, and British Empire. COMMERCIAL. The year 1859 has closed since our last summary wag despatched, amid general gloom and despondency. The weight of the heavy stocks on hand has been severely felt in a dull market, and during the last two months of the year many houses have succumbed to the pressure of the times. Trade gave place to rumours, confidence was destroyed, and the dangers of a commercial crisis appeared to be imminent. Happily, a better feeling set in with the first of the cur' rent year ; but the effect of the over-trading spirit of the past year will be felt for many months to come. As re garde the general resources of the colony, the year 1859 does not compare so unfavourably with its predecessor. The prevailing commercial depression has not materially affected the yield of the goldfields. The escorts which arrived at the Treasury during the week ending the 31st of December brought down 30,246 oz., which completed the returns for the year. The total yield of the gold mines amounted to 2,205,194 oz. against 2,336,206 oz. for 1858. Very large sums of money have been expended in erecting mar chinery and providing for the supply of water. None If these companies have yet contributed to any extent towards the weekly escorts. It cannot be denied, however, that the year has been behind its fellows in the yield of the precious metal, as will be seen by the following statement of the escorts and shipments for three years Escorts. Shipments. oz. dwt. oz. dwt. 1857 2,478,8 3 2 6 .. 2,810,278 14 1858 .. 2,336,296 6 5,500,544 1 1859 .. 2,205,194 0 c em i e a s y will me n previouslyt b i oe mention giventohu n at d tbht by exist between 2,229,351 2 t b h y ei s s t e h s e fi o r gle s d p i a i s l n e e r d r e s P,t h w amo e s y ou ar r e se m lv ad es e au u d p from official data for the Customs years in all cases. The money market has been subjected to several fluetua• tions. In May the banks reduced the rate of discount for three months' bills 1 per cent.—from 8 per cent, per annum to 7 ; in July the old rate was suddenly re-established. At the commencement of the year the banks were selling 60' day bills on England at par. The rate was raised to If par cent. premium in May, and to 2/ per ceet. premium in July, and was lowered to I per cent. premium. in October and to par in November. During the whole year the market has been gradually becoming tighter, notwithstanding the large sums raised in the London market on railway debentures, and expended on the ,two great trunk lines. Goods have poured in upon the colony, aid have been stored, while every succeeding week has found the market less open to operations. Speculation has been shunned by the more prudent, because of the impossibility of foreseeing the supplies that were to come. What little has arisen has been, in two many instances, feverish and unsound. Mei. cantile houses have required large advances in order to enable them to hold the merchandise consigned to theme The buyers have had the command, and the credit voters has been fostered by the strong temptation to quit goods at a price showing anything like a profit on the transaction. Every reaction has been checked by the succeeding mail's advicos of shipments on the way; and, amidst all this, corn' petition has been too keen, expenses too heavy, and profits too small. Rents, which have given way everywhere else, have been maintained in the business part of the city. Good situations have always been eagerly taken up, the crowded condition of all branches of trade notwithstanding. NEW SOUTH WALES. We take the following from the Sydney Mornitil Herald of the - 13th of January : " There have been but few incidents of a note' worthy character since our summary for the Malts was made up. Th e Assembly has assented to the principle of subsidising the proposed submarine telegraph fro! Australia to Java, but they are not agreed as to the terms of the subsidy, or as to the course which it would be best for the line to take. " There has been another Polynesian massacre' This time Rubiana, one of the Solomon group, ha s been made the scene of cannibal atrocity. The schooner Pearl, of Anitceum (formerly a well-known yach t in Sydney harbour), has been captured and burnt at that island, and her crew, eight in number' besides the captain, have been killed and eaten' An attempt was made to capture the Clarence Packet, by which this news was brought. Jt w 0 understood, also, that a similar attempt was to be made upon the cutter Oberon. Two men left 0 : shore from that vessel had been murdered, and Ili ., plan was to decoy the master of the Oberon o" shore, under the pretence that these murdered Int wished to see him. Some effort ought surely to fr, made to warn the crew of this vessel, if there . yet time, and to administer a wholesome castle' tion to the bloodthirsty tribe of Rubiana. " The Government surveyors in the Valley of r