The Sun. — London, England, 1858-07-09 00:00:00

with the company only in its second character, and took font it the whole of its governing powers, and vested them in the Crown ; but the bill left untouched all its rights aato stock, dividends, redemption, and the secu rity fund. lnasonach as the rights as to stock must be protected, and as the dividends mast be paid by some particular body, the bill preserved the company in that which was strictly and legitimately its functions in refe rence tq those matters, and money would be placed in its hands for the payment of the dividends. Mr. ROEBUCK said, that they now-had a specimen of the joint work of the noble lord (Lord Stanley) and of that house in the matter of legislation for India, and he thought it but fair t o hi mse lf to recor d his opinion of this great effort in legislation. lie believed, with the hon. and learned member for Devonport, that a greater opportenity of distinction was never offered to any man than that which was offered to the noble load ; but the noble lord, united with that house, had produced a scheme of government which appeared to be wholly in efficacious, and which would prove by experience to be totally .inefficient. In a very few years they we-cU be called on to patch up this rickety production of the noble lord's. It happened that England had a task im posed on it with respect to India, such as no country ever had imposed oa it before. At a distance of many thousands of miles a very small body of enlightened men were called on to frame a government for a people wholly different from themselves in religion, manners, customs, and thought, and if that house were tasked to furnish forth a good instrument of legislation, it was on the present occasion. And what had they done ? The great objection to the existing Government was its double character, which introduced delay and every possible mischief into the Government of India. They had now done away with the existing Government, but what bad they adopted in its stead ? In a few words he would compare the Government framed by the present bill with the existing Government of India. The first part of the existing Government was the President of the Board of Control, who, by Mr. Pitt's bill, was really the paramount authority in the Government of India. The Prelident of the Board of Control had the power of doing anything and everything, with the subsequent sanction of that house. What had they done with re spect to that functionary ? They had changed his name and called him Secretary of State for India, and that was Unit only change with respect to him. What had they done with respect to the council that surrounded him ? They had in place of the Directors of the East India Company created a council. Now, the directors were, to a certain degree, responsible. They were chosen by a body, not weli selected, but still a popular body. What had the house done with respect to them ? Toey bad put in their place a body called the Council for India, eight of the members of which were to be chosen by the Minister, the other seven were to choose them selves, and they were all to be chosen for life ; so that in place of the directors now responsible to the proprie tors of the East India Company, they had a body of persons responsible to nobody. That was the great alte retion which the skill of the noble lord, ccupled with 'the labours of that house, had produced in the way of the Government of India, and he defied the ingenuity of man to propose a plan for the government of a distant province worse than that. (A. laugh.) It had not one quality which a Government ought to have. With re spect to the councillors the choice was circumscribed, and instead of looking round to find the cleverest men in the community the selecting parties were bound to choose the best they could out of a small number. He believed the very fact of being in In lia 10 years unfitted men to govern India. That might appear a paradox, but it was not one ; for men could learn in England far mere of India than they could by merely travelling in India. The historian of British India, Mr. Mill, and that most remarkable man now in the the India-house, Mr. John Mill, never were in India. It might be that those two persons might be selected, but it would be very remark able it the Government of this country selected the two best men for the Government of India. (A. laugh.) The house bad created a machinery that wood not work, and the clause that enabled the Secretary of State to do away entirely with the Council for India was the sole clause in the bill which would enable it to work. He believed the council would be a sturnblingblock in their way, and that five years would not. pass aver the head of the noble lord opposite (Lord Stanley) without a necessity arising for the amendment of this bill, and he hoped the noble lord would live for those five years—(cheering)—to ex perience the truth of his prophecy, and to amend a mea sure upon the preparation of which he had bestowed so much trouble and attention. (Hear, hear.) Lord J. RUSSELL—I do not join in the maledic tion which has been launched against this bill by my hon. and learned friend the member for Sheffield. (A. laugh.) There aro some redeemine features in the bill to whiCh the hon. and learned gentleman has not re• ferred. My hon. and learned friend has truly said that under the last of Pitt's Bills the President of the Board of Control became, in fact, the Governor of India ; but the original intention was that the Board of Control, as its name implies, should control the directors and pro prietors of the East India Company, who it was supposed —and upon very just grounds —were at that time in clined to carry on aggressive wars in India, with little regard to justice or true policy. The Beard of Control, however, became in fact the supreme Government of India. Now we take away that mask, and give to a Secretary of State for India the power of directing and controlling the affairs of that portion of the empire. I say, then, that if we have merely removed what was a delusion we have made an advance by exchanging the Government of the Bard of Control for that of a Secretary of State. My honourable and learned friend has said that the directors were chosen by a body of proprietors, to whom they were responsible ; and, undoubtedly, the directors were appointed by the proprietors, after a canvas which was not very seemly, and by means which would be very di'tasteful to men of high character and honour. I helieve, how ever, that after the directors were once chosen nobody ever heard of their being called to account by the pro prietors on the ground that their constituenth were die oath fled with the course they had pursued. In the place of the Court of Directors we are now to have a Council eompo.ed of men well acquainted with Indian affairs, who will afford information to the Secretary of State with reference to any questions upon which he may re quire assistance or advice. I think this is a great im provement in the government of India. I can imagine that a Secretary of State might ba so unwise as to trans• fer to the members of the council mere routine duties, without asking their advice upon points of importance ; but I should conceive that any Secretary of State who acted in such a manner would ill discharge his duties. I think the Secretary State may derive most valuable seisietance from the Council with regard to important quesions f policy, and revenue, the administration of justice a'.d war. The Council ought, in my opinion, to be independent, and my belief is that that object will be effected by appointing the members during good be haviour. With regard to the numbers of the Council, their exolusion from seats in this house, and the main tenance of the Secret Committee, I differ from the views which are embodied in the bll ; and I have no doubt that with respect to these and other questions we shall, before the lapse of five years, or of three years, or even, perhaps, of two years, have the S e c retary o f S tate com ing down to this house and in , orrning us that there are poi t one of the measure which leave t ocanswere.l the it.- tentionti of its framers, and which require alteration. There are other questions which are not touched by the bill, and which if they do not require legislatiou on the part of this house will undoubtedly require the earnest attention of the Government. By this measure we merely regulate the borne Government of lodic, but the great questions of the terrace of land, of re veller, '•f the government of the army, of the services of the army, and of the administration of justice, will re quire careful and anxious attention, and I think that in the course of a year er two the Secretary of State and the Council will probably be prepared to introduce great measures of reform with reference to these subjects, el though it may not be necessary to submit them to this house.. Hon. gentlemen are aware of the settlement of the land question in India which was effected by Lord Cornwallis, and which was at the time, and long after wards, regarded as a measure of great wisdom and pru dence. Lord Grenville declared in Parliament that he regarded that settlement as one of the most important and beneficial measures that could have been adopted by the moot benevolent Government. Some time after wards, however, public 'opinion veered round, strong opposition was manifested to the arrangement, and the Government sought to substitute everywhere, but especially in the Presidency of Bengal, a system which would destroy the power of the Zemindare, and establish an immediate connexion between the Government and the peasantry. Another change of opinion has taken place, and many persons now state that observation and experience have convinced them that unless there are considerable landowners between the rulers' and the people it will be impo sible to se cure the welfare of the population, and to provide for their good government. (Hear.) These circumstances Ahoy that questions of this nature require the most care ful consideration. The mode in which the revenue is at present collected in India is most unsatisfactory, for in some districts-there is an excessive amount of laud-tax, in others of the salt-tax, and in others of the opium-tax. These are questions which require minute and careful investigation ; but we have not attempted to deal with them in this bid. I think we have acted judiciously in abstainin g from any such attempt, for they are subjects which require much closer examination than we could devote to them ; but, after establishing a Counc I in which such questions can be considered, and enabling the Minister o f th e C rown to obtain information , and ad- VIVO from persons of Indian experience , we may expect a volution of these difficult questions. In referring to this subject I cannot abstain from adverting to the re nnarleabie speech which was made the other evening by the honourable member for Birmingham (Mr. Bright). and which did not at the time attract much obser vation. I think the speech of that honourable gen tleman was one of the most remarkable aver de livered in this house. Ido not concur in some of the opinions which he expressed. I d o not agree with bins that it will be possible—at least for a lon g ti me to important ' come, perbaps-never—to abolish the office of Governor-Genera! of India, but I do agree with him that we oirght to endeavour to give large powers to th e Go vernor Go vernors of the different Presidencies in Incite, and that it is only by entrusting great powers to them, and en abling tho rn to govern t h e i r Presidencies with vigour and tffiniency, that wo are likely to improve the govern. anent of India. I agree, generally, in the principles laid down by the hoe. gentleman, although they may not bt immediately appbcael a I think they are the trot principles upon yds ca the government of India ought in future to be cemincted. Olean hear.) Whether oat decisions may have been wise or nut, we have, at all mots,. gone through this bill whh an absence o f p ar t ) spirit which, I believe, echo ed on the part of the house . a desire to come to a right determination upon the various insportaet questions which have been brought under our coeeideration—(hear, beery --and I am our: that, ltmtvfng fraheod the bition cnoh u. epirit, it will BlOst satiefactery LI the ht,:qt:e if its op erat i on 4ho old prove beneficial to the people of India, and honourable to the Parliament of this country. (Cheers.) The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—I can not refrain from congratulating the house upon having, by the combined exertions of hon. gentlemen on both sides, brought this bill to its present stage, and from - offering them, on the part of her Majesty's Government, our sincere thanks for the candour and patience with which they have assisted us in the progress of the mea sure. There is, believe, no one in this house who re cognises or appreciates more completely thad I do the necessity and importance of party organisation. Indeed, I do not know how a popular assembly so numerous as the existing House of Commons could be defended from the iofluence of the Crown without an organisation of that nature. There are, however, occasions on which there is an universal agreement that that political discipline may most advantageously be modified or sus pended, and I cannot but feel that when we are called upon to consider a question relating to the better govern ment of India—especially under the existing circum stances of that country—the occasion is one on which we should combine our common efforts for the common good. (Cheers.) I think this measure is a very great im provement upon the state of affairs it is intended to supersede, and, although it pretends to be no more than an effort to institute in this country a vigorous home government for India, it is impossible not to believe that it will have a very beneficial effect on the government of India in India itself. That is the point to which the feeliega of all England must now be directed. Having, by the cordial assistance of all parties in the House of Commons, succeeded in framing a measure which I trust will institute a vigorous government of India in Dig land, let us now hope that by the wisdom of our states. men, by the skill of our commanders, and the bravery of our troops, we may soon pat an end to the great re bellion which has so long raged in that important part of her Majesty's dominions, and that we may be able to re-establish her empire in that part of the world on these principles of truth and justice without which no empire in this age ca❑ be established or maintained. (Cheers.) The bill was then read a third time and passed amid considerable cheering. GOVERNMENT OF NEW CALEDONIA BILL. On the order of the day fOr the second reading of this bill, Sir E. B. LYTTON said—The bill which I ask the house to sanction is necessary to the maintenance of law and the preservation of life in the district in which it proposes to establish a Government, and it rea lises at an earlier period than was anticipated an object which has already entered into the colonial policy of this country. The house is aware that in 1849 the Crown granted to the Hudson's Bay Com pany the soil of Vancouver's Island, on the condition of establishing a colony there, disposing of the laud to emi grants, and defraying its expenses, the Crown to resume the land on the expiration of the grant of exclusive trade in 1859. But the company enjoy in Vancouver's Island no rights of government or of judicature. The govern. ment is administered by a Governor appointed by the Crown, with a Legislative Council, and a House of Re presentatives chosen by the people. The judicature is administered by Courts instituted by the Crown, under the special authority of an Act of Parliament, " to pro vide for the administration of justice in Vancouver's Island." Next year it is the intention of the Crown to resume the soil, and the whole public connection of the company with the island will cease. Indeed, my right hon, friend the member for Coventry (Mr. Ellice), in his able evidence before the committee on the Hudson's Bay Company, says, "The sooner the public re-enter into possession, and the sooner they form establishments worthy of the island, and worthy of the country, the better." My right boo, friend proceeds to say, " that this island is a kind of England attached to the continent of America ; that it should be the principal station of our naval force in the Pacific ; that it is the only good harbour to the northward of San Francisco, as far north as Sitka, the Russian settlement; that you have in Vancouver's Island the best harbour, fine timber in every situation, and coal enough for your whole navy ; that the climate is wholesome, very like that of Eng land ; the coasts abound with fish of every description ; in short, there is every advantage in the Island of Van couver to make it one of the first colonies and best settlements of England." (Hear, hear.) But when my right hon. friend was asked by the committee if he thought it desirable to attempt also at once to colonise the land on the adjacent coast be answered "No, we should have enough to do in colonising the island." He will not say that now. He knows that new circumstances have arisen which call upon us to place, as soon as possible, the adjacent territory under the safeguard of an esta blished Government, such as this Bill would provide. And those circumistances are the discovery of goldfields, the belief that those goldfields will be eminently produc tive, the number of persons of foreign nations and un known character already impelled to the place by that belief. I •ieeed say no more to show the imperative necessity of establishing a Government - wherever the bope of gold, to be had for digging, attracts all adven turers and excites all passions. (Hear, hear.) At this moment there is no imperial Government at all in the place, for the Governor of Vancouver's owns no com mission on the mainland. Thus, the discovery of gold compels us to do at once what otherwise we should very soon have done—erect into a colony a district that appears, in great part, eminently suited for civilised habitation and culture. (Hear, bear.) Before I pro ceed further it may be interesting to the House to give a sketch of the little that is known to us through official sources of the territory in which these new goldfields have been discovered. The territory lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific ; it is bounded on the south by the American frontier line, 49 deg. of latitude, and may be censidered to extend to toe sources of Frazer River, in latitude 55 deg. It is, therefore, about 420 miles long in a straight line, its average breadth about 250 to 300 miles. Taken from corner to corner its greatest length would he, however, 805 miles, and its greatest breadth 400 miles. Mr. Arrowsinith corn. pa tea it s area of square miles, including Queen Charlotte's Island, at somewhat more than 200,000 miles. Of its two gold-bearing rivers, one, the Frazer, rises in the northern boundary, and flowing south fells into the sea at the south-western extremity of the territory, oppo'ite the southern end of Vancouver's Island, and within a few miles of the American boundary ; the other, the Thompson River, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and fl, wing westward joins the Frazer about 150 miles from the coast. It is on these two rivers, and chiefly at their confluence, that the gold discoveries have been made. Lion. gentle men who look at the map may imagine this new colony at an immeasurable distance from England ; but we have already received overtures from no less eminent a person than Mr. Cunard for a line of postal steam-nest:ls for letters, goods, and passengers, by which it is calculated that a passenger starting from Liverpool may reach this colony in about 35 days by way of New York and Panama. With regard to the soil, there is said to be some tolerable land on the lower part of Frazer &tor. But the Thompson'e River district is described as one of the finest ceuutries in the British doruini ins, with a cli mate far superior to that t f countries the same lati tude on the other side of the mountains. Mr. Cooper, who gave valuable evidence before our committee on this district, with which he is thoroughly acquainted, recently addressed to me a letter, in a hich he state.; that— " Its fisheries are most valuable, its timber the finest in the world for marine purposes; it abounds with bitumin ous coal well fitted fur the generation of steam ; from Thompson':; River and Colville districts to the Rocky. Mountains, and from the 49th parallel some 350 miles north, a.more beautiful country does not exist. It is in every way suitable for colonisation." (Hear, hear.) Therefore, apart from the gold-fields, this country affords every promise of a flourishing and im portant colony. (Hear.) In Charlotte's Island, which we include in this new colony, geld was discovered in 1850, but only in small quantities. Here I may perhaps correct a popular misconception. In Vancouver's Island itself no gold has been yet discovered. The discovery of gold on the mainland was first reported to the Colti• nial-uffice by a despatch from the Governor of Van couver's Island, dated April 16, 1856. The Governor had received a report from a clerk in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Colville, on the Upper Columbia River, Further reports followed in October, 1856, testifying eo the importance of the dis covery. From experiments made in the tributaries of Frazer River there was reason to believe that the gold region was extensive ; the similarity in the geolegical formation of the mountains in the territory to those of California induced the Governor to believe that these would prove equally auriferous. Subsequent accounts, in 1857, varied as to the quantity of gold obtained, but confirmed generally the opinion of the richness of the mines, especially above the confluence of the Frazer and Thompson Rivers. The Governor writes on July 15, that gold was being discovered on the right bank of the Columbia, and the tableland between that river and Frazsr's. On Dec. 29 he ascribed the small quantity found to the want of skiil and tools on the part of the natives, who opposed any white men digging. The In dians were especially hostile to the Americans, and op posed their entrance into the country. Great excitement now prevailed in Oregon and Washington Territory. An influx of adventurers might be expected in the spribg, in which case collisions between the whites and the natives might be expected to occur. As far back as the first discovery in April, 1856, the Governor had suggested the system of granting digging licences. The right hon. gentleman the member for Taunton, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, pointed °Olt, in reply (A ug . 4) , that it would be abortive to attempt to raise a revenue from licences to dig for gold in that region iu the ab sence of effective machinery of Government, and left to the Governor's discretion the means of preserving order. In the exercise of that discretion be issued a proclama tion (December 28, 1857) declaring the rights of the Crown to the gold in Thompson's and Frazer% Rivers ; establishing licence fees of 10s., which, on Jan. 1, 1858, be raised to 20e. ; and prohibiting persons from digging without authority from the Colonial Government. But this proclamation has virtually proved a dead letter, for, in point of fact, the Government had no legal power to iSSU3 the proclamation, or cause it to be re spected, he a h n aving no com m i ss i on as G overno r on the indeed, his sole power has been the moral power of hie energy, talents, and extramdinary influence over the natives. Toe manner in which lie has °reserved peace is higNy to his honour. (Hear.) In a l-tter from the Governor to the Hudson's Bay Company, March 22, 1858, he trusts that H. M,'s Government would :eke measures to prevent crimes and prevent lifeand pro perty, or there would be ere long a long array of diffi eultiee to settle. " A large number of Americans had -ntered the territory, others were preparing to follow. On the Bth of May be State. to the Colonial-office that 450 passengers, chiefly gold miners, had come from San Francisco ; that they all appeared well provided with tools ; there seemed to be no want of capital or iz.ttlligeuce among them ; that about 60 were British 'THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY E V ENING, J ULY 9, 185 g. subjects, about an equal number Americans, the rest were chiefly Germans, with some Frenchmen and Ita lians. And I have here the pleasure to observe that he states, that though there was a temporary scarcity of food and a dearth cf house accommodation, they were remarkably quiet and orderly. The Governor then touches on the advantage to the trade of the island from the arrival of so large a body of people ; but he adds significantly The interests of the empire may not be improved to the same extent by the accession of a foreign population whose sympathies are decidly anti-British. From this point of view the question assumes an alarming aspect, and leads us to doubt the policy of permitting foreigners to enter the British territory ad libitum without taking the oath of allegiance, or otherwise giving security to the Go vernment of the country." He states that— " The principal diggings at Frazer's and Thompson's Rivers at present will continue flooded for many months, and there is a great scarcity of food in the gold districts ; that the ill-provided adventurers who have gone there will exhaust their stock of provisions, and will probably re tire from the country till a more favourable season ; that on the dangerous rapids of the river a great number of ca noes have been dashed to pieces, the cargoes swept away, many of the adventurers swept into eternity — others, no thing daunted, pressing on to the goal of their wishes." He again, in a letter to the Hudson's Bay Company, re. peats his fears : "How seriously the peace of the country may be endan. gered, in the event of the diggings proving unremunera tin, and the miners being reduced to poverty and desti tute of the necessaries of life." I should state that I have also seen private letters re cently from San Francisco, giving an account of the extending excitement prevailing there, and of the num ber of Americans, of all other foreigners, and of the negroes preparing to start for Fray.r's River. In one letter it is stated that 2,000 persons have already left ; and 20,000 persons might leave before the end of the summer, if the news continued favourable t but perhaps the news of the flooding of the waters may for a time re tard yo copious an emigration. I think I have said enough to convince the house of the necessity of provid ing at once for the government of a country threatened by so many disturbing elements. (Hear.) Now, sir, the Crown of itself could, if it thought proper, make a co lony of this district. But the law officers decided, in the case of Vancouver's Island, that no Legislature can be established by the Crown, except an elective assembly and a nominative council, and considering the very im perfect elements for such a constitution at such a mo ment, considering the ordinary character of gold-eiggers, considering that our information as yet is really so scanty that we are at a loss to constitute even a council of the moat limited numltier, I think that most gentle men will agree that it would not be fair to the grand principle of free institutions to risk at Once the experi meet of self-government among settlers so wild and mis cellaneous, arid in a form of seeiety so crude. (Cheers.) This is not like colonies which have gone forth from these islands, and of which something is known of the character of the colonists. Neither is it like those colonies in which the first thought of the emigrants is the acquisi tion of land and the first care of the governor those divi sions of land which are the preliminary of representation. As yet the rush of the adventurers is not for land but gold, not for a permanent settlement but for a specula tive excursion. And, theiefore, here the immediate oh ject is to establish temporary law and order amid a mot ley inundation of immigrant diggers, of whose ante cedents we are wholly ignorant, and of whom perhaps few, if any, have any intention to become resident colo nists and British subjects. But, where you cannot at once establish self-government, all sound political thinkers, all friends to that responsibility which is the element of freedom, will perhaps agree that the next best thing is to establish a Government which shall have as few checks as possible on its responsible functions, which shall possess unhampered what powers we can give it, to secure the respect for recognised authority ; which shall be clearly for a limited time, and with the avowed and unmistakeable intention of yielding its sway at the earliest possible period to those free institutions for which it prepares the way, and which it will always henceforth be the colonial policy of this country to effect. (Cheers.) I think that all complicated attempts to con struct half-and-half fortes of government for such new societies are unsatisfactory. (Hear, hear.) Tney only serve to weaken the executive and to form an excuse for retarding the completion of popular systems. What, therefore, we propose to do ie, to empower the Crown for the limited period of five years to make laws fur the district by Orders in Council, and to establish a Legis lature, such Legislature to be, in the first instance, the Governor alone ; but with power to the' Crown, by itself or through the Governor, to establish a nomi native council and a representative assembly, If, there fore, before the five years expire, there are the elements for a representative assembly, I cannot doubt that, whoever then may be the advisers of the Crown, a re presentative assembly will cheat fully be given. (Hear.) Sir, there will be some, no doubt, who teink the term of five years too short,—who think that the materials for popular self-government could not be matured at the end of that term, and that there would be many inconve niences in coming again to Parliament to renew the powers of the act. To these objections I have given the most respectful care, and I would submit that the larger proportion of the immigrants attracted by the gold fields will probat ly be Americans, accustomed to self government ; that, if you desire to keep them loyal and contented, you should give them the prospect, at toe earliest possible period, of that form of government to which they are accustomed ; and that et you desire a strong government for the preservation of internal order, no government we can make without the aid of armies, is so strong as that where the whole society is ecested in securing 'aspect to the laws which it has the privilege to enact, and has no motive to rebel against the au thority in which it participates. (Hear, hear.) And it, which is not impossible, the goldfields should prove a delusive speculation, and the principal settlers should be 1 the steadier chase of emigrants—perhaps our o wn coun trymen, who will rather cultivate the other resources of the land in its coal-mines, timber, fisheries, and other agricultural produce —you may have at the end of five years a quiet and orderly . population, well fitted for self-government. Therefore I think we had better fix the shortest term for the experiment of a provisional Legislature. (Hear, hear.) With regard to Vane uver'e Island, which bas already a free constitution, we do not propose to annex that island to the new colony. In tact, if the geldfields should prove to be really productive, a very large population will rapidly spread over the neigh bourhood of the d ggings, which it will be impossible to govern from the distance of several hundred miles at Van. couver ; while, if we extend our view to the natural des tinies of Vancouver as the great naval station to our only possession on the PGeifio side of the whole of Arneric t —a station from which we ssould carry on a trade with Eche, China, the Indian Archipelago, Australia—a trade now carried on exclusively by the Americans from C th. fornia—l think we must allow that the government of the island would have enough to occupy its care and attention in developing the true interests and resources of that single ccl ,ny. (Hear.) At the same time we propose to leave the ques;;ion of annexation open to further experience, and the Act will empower the Crown to annex Vancouver to New Caledonia if the Legislature of the island intimate teat desire by address to the Crown, under such terms and conditions as may be approved. Meanwhile, as the most pressing and imme diate care in this new colony will be to preserve peace between the natives and the foreigners at the gold dig ging-, so there is nothing in the Act which itopa,T. , the prerogati7e of the Crown to permit the Governor of Van couver to administer aleo New Caledonia, should that be absolutely necessary, in the first instance, j ust as the Governor of the Cape, which has a free constitution, is also Governor cf the Crown colony of British C iffraria, holding separate commissions for each. Our object, in snort, has been, under our very imperfect information, and the uncertainty, as yet, of the value of the gold fields, to insure some immediate Government, and to leave to the Crown all discretional power, according to the advice it may receive and suited to the variation of circumstances. (Hear, hear.) I should add that it has been deemed necessary by the law advi- era of the Crown to abolish in the proposed Act—se was done iu the Act for Vancouver's Island by the advice of the Committee of Privy Council, in 1848—the jurisdiction ehich the courts of Canada claim over civil and criminal cases to , this region. The Crown has power to appoint magis trates and con ititute courts having a concurrent jurisdiction with Canadian courts up to a certain amount. The Canadian jurisdiction is a dead letter. and though it has subsisted nominady for near'y 40 years it has never been put into execution, certainly not in the North-west territories. It is clear, however, that the concurrent jurisdiction would beattended with many practical inconveniences, which, in creating a colony, it will be nee issary to remove, as we did remove them for Vancouver's Island. I have now, sir, stated the sno stance of the bill I ask leave to introduce. I have shown I trust the necessity of an immediate measure to secure this promising and noble territory from becoming the scene of turbulent disorder, and to place over the fierce passions which spring from the hunger of gold the re straints of established law. It the machinery we propose is simple, it ie because the s - iciety it suite is rude. But happily, in that now world, the true sense of the com mon interest is rapidly conceived, and the capacities of self-government no less rapidly developed. And pro bably even before the end of five years, to which I pro pose to limit the operation of this act, the materials fur a popular representation may be found, and the future destinies of this new-bcrn settlement boldly intrusted to the vigorous movement of liberal iustitutions. It may be necessary to observe that, both as regards Van couver's Island and this more extensive territory cf New Caledonia, it is not intended over these colonised dis tricts to renew to the Hudson's BhaayveCionmtphaonsey two licence of exclusive trade, which expires next yea r . Th e servants of the company will then csloeiss no privileges whatever apart from the rest of her Majesty's subjects there, and therefore I was glad to hear the hon. and learned gentleman the member for Sheffield eipi:ess Ma opinion that the present occasion was not a balm; opportunity for raising the question of which he had given notice, for it is desirable to keep any discuislon Upon this bill free from the more angry elements which may be involved in the general que , stion as to the powers of the Hudson's Bay Co'npany, by virtue of its charter, on the different district of Rupert's Land, on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountailm— (hear)—quesions which the hen. member for Sheffield will have a distinct opportunity to introduce. Sir, I have wished to keep my statement of the present value and ultimate importance of thin new colony clear from all the exaggerations which belong to the philcsophy of conjec ture. I have carefa.ly abstained from over colouring our imperfect _knowledge as to the per nanent richness of the gold discoveries, Nothing could be more crudl to immi grants and more dangerous to the peace of the settlement than to give undue favour to any extravagant expecta tions as to the produce of these goldfields. it is a terrible picture, that of thousands rushing to what is already coiled the New El Dorado, influenced by avarice and hopf, A'nl EiLidi4lllo . 4 sVei.ltb, but dieappointment'and destitution—provisions dear and scanty, and the gold itself meagre in its produce, guarded by flooded rivers and jealous Indians. At present, whatever may be the riches of the discovery, it is fair not to forget the fact that California exported in the first eight months from the discovery of its mines 150,000 oz. of golddust, while the largest amount ascertained or conjectured from Frizer's River since 1850 is not more than 1,000 ounces. More rational, if less exciting, hopes of the importance of the colony rest upon its other resources, which I have described, and upon the influence of its magnificent geo uraphical situation on the ripening grandeur of British North America. (Hear.) Ido believe that the day will come, and that many now present will live to see it, when, a portion at least of the lands on the-other side of the Rocky Mountains being also brought into colonis.a• tion,and guarded by free institutions, one direct line of railway communication will unite the Pacific to the At lantic. Be that as it may, of one thing lam sure—that though at present it is the desire of gold which attracts to this colony its eager and impetuous founders, . still, if it be reserved, as I hope, toatlel arrmanent and flourish ing race to the great family 'of nations, it must be, not by the gold which the diggers may bring to light, but by the more gradual process of patient industry, in the culture of the soil, and in the exchange of commerce. (Hear, hear.) It must be by the respect for the equal laws which secure to every man the power to retain what he may honestly acquire; it must be in those social virtues by which the fierce impulse of force is tamed into habitual energy, and avarice itself, amidst the strife of competition, finds its object best realized by steadfast eranlation and prudent thrift. (Hear, hear.) I conclude, sir, with a humble trust that the Divine Disposer of all human events may afford the safeguard of His blessing to our attempt to add another commu nity of Christian freemen to those by which Great Bri tain confides the records of her empire, not to pyramids and obeisks, but to states and commonwealth, whose history will be written in her language. (Cheers.) Mr. LABOUCHERE thought there could be no dif ference of opinion as to the propriety of taking steps to meet the wants which this bill was intended to supply, and to establish a settled form of government in that part of British North America to which circumstances .were directing the steps of large bodice of . men. While he he'd tee seals of the Colonial-office he received infor mation of the probability of considerable geld discoveries being made, but he thought it was premature to take steps to found a new settlement until those discoveries should have been confirmed. The information which had been received since showed that there was now a stream of adventurers setting in towards that part of the world, and therefore it was indispensable that some steps should be taken to establish a settled form of law. He thought the measure proposed by the right hon. baronet was judicious, and well calculated to effect its object: (Hear, hear.) It was a common but mistaken belief that the charter for exclusive trading granted to the Hudsoohl Bay Company precluded the Crown from taking ar.y portion of those territories for colonization or settlement. The fact, was, that in every license for ex clusive trading the Crown had reserved to itself the power of resuming at pleasure any portion of the territory. (Hear, hear.) He would not enter upon the question of the propriety or the impropriety of renewing the license of the Hudson's Bay Company, as . another opportunity would be afforded for discussing that matter, and the only question now before the House was how they could best assist the Government to establish colonial institutions in that country. Although he was as attached as any one could be to free institutions, yet, con sidering the nature of the population that would be ga thered together, he agreed with the right hon. baronet that it was best to provide a strong and settled govern ment with established laws at first. There was one eh cumstance which constituted the main danger of disorder, and that was the strong aversion which the Indians en tertained towards the Americans. It was a remarkable fact tbat, while on the northern side of the frontier, in the British possessions, there was perfect harmony and order between the white and the red men, there bad been on the other side of the frontier scenes of carnage and bloodshed which had generated a deadly hostility on the part of the Indians towards the Americans. Governor Douglas, in the papers before the house, bad referred to the feeling as likely to create difficulty. Under those circumstance, he thought the house would agree that it was most im portant there should be a strong executive to control the Indians, and to prevent the white settlers from molesting them. The right hon. gentleman bad adverted to the soil and climate of the country, the excellence of which it was impossible to deny, and be (Ur. Lebouchere) be lieved that in the course of time Vancouver's Island and the adjacent territories were destined to be the homes of a large, industrious, and flourishing population. (Hear.) He might mention that before he left office notice was given to the Hudson's Bay Company that when the term of their present license expired the Crown would resume complete control over Vancouver's Island, and he was glad to find the right hon. baronet had taken the same view of the necessities of the case. He could not conclude without paying a humble tribute to the qualities of Go. vernor Douglas. Throughout the correspondence which he had had with that gentleman he had been much struck with his good sense, ability, and sagacity, and he c 'old not but think that we were very fortunate in having such a public servant to watch over our interests in Vancou ver's Island. (Hear, tear.) The right hon. baronet had very properly abstained from pronouncing any positive opinion as to the amount of gold which was likely to be found in that colony. Too information hithert.) had been very deficient on that point, but scieut.fic per sons, who wee-, qualified to give as opinion, had i,tateti to him (ilr. Laboucher.) that the geolog'cal formation of the country was extremely similar to that of Calder nia, and that they saw no reason why gold should not be found in very great quantities. Under these circum stances, it was certainly our duty to tike such measures as the large population likely to congregate there ren dered ntemsary. He did not know why the name of New Caledonia had been selected for this colony. (Hear. hear.) There was a large island in the neighbourhood of Australia belonging to France which bore that name already, and be thought it poseiole that some inconve nience and confusion might result from two colonie4 hav ing the same name. He believed that the provisions of the bill were well drawn, and he should give his hearty support to the ,econd reading. Mr. ROEBUCK said that, the bill simply conferred the power of malting laws, but in the formation of a colony it was of the greatest importance that the per sons who proceeded there should find themselves at once surrounded by law and order. He suggested, therefore, that the first thing that should be done was to make a survey of some portion of the territory. There ought then to be a cede of laws established at once, and there ought to be an Executive with ample power to admini ster the laws. Tee right hop. baronet could not send out a Governor without sending soldiers to support him, for if be planted a Governor among a wild and vagabond population, the very scum of society fr im Celifornia and other places, where they had been accustomed to Lynch late, without tis power of enforcing his wishes, he might as well not have troubled the house with this bill. He must send a Governor, therefore, and an armed force— for without, he would have no peace in the community. He knew the unpopular language that he was using, but he was speaking what be believed to be the truth. (Hear.) To an ordinery Colony we sent out persons who had been accustomed to law and order, and who could govern themselves ; but, with a population such as this, a militia, if it were created and uncontrolled, would be likely to turn its arms rather against law and order than in support of 1 - . Allusion had been made to California, but that was a peculiar case. It was far from the United States, it was full of gold, and vagabonds from all parts of the globe very soon assembled there ; yet the re markable thine was that in a short time peace and order reigned iu Celiferaia, and that result'had been produced by Lynch law. (A. laugh.) Lynch law had been much misunderstood. It was the only law in that country, and it was a very beneficial institution. (Laughter.) He was really eerious. The houie might treat it as a good joke; but be wag incapable of perpetrating a joke, or at all events, a good joke, noon any sutiect. Lynch law was a sort of will justice which the nature of the caeo corn gelled the people to adopt. It had been adopted in Cali fornia, and by means of it peace and order now reigned there. He 'did not wish to establish Lynch law in a British colony; but in order to prevent it civil law must be introduced, and that could only be dose by tho aid of a strong body of soldiers, the expense of which wo must incur if we intended the colony to be successful. Something had been said with respect to the treatment of the Indians by the Americans ee cut he warned the right hon. baronet against briers influenced by any mock sen timentality about the Indian population, for be might depend upon it that he was about to establish a colony before which the Indian population would disappear. It was the inevitable consequence of the suptrior civi rizttion of the white man that the brown man should disappear before him—that would be the case here. Canada, Upper and Lower, hardly contained an Indian, because it was now peopled by a civilised white papule- tion. He knew something of Canada, and he spoke from personal knowlsdge when be said that the Indian popu littion there were like the wandering Gipsies of this country. Tarry were disappearing fast from the face of nature. One might occasionally sea a poor wretched being clothed in a dilapidated blanket, creeping along, degraded and miserable, and that was the Indian of Canada. That was what we were going to do in New Caledonia. W e were about to introduce ciyililation. there. Before •tbat civil zetion the Initians must disappear, and the more rapidly the better. (Hear, bear.) Tais might seem harsh and cruel language ; but it 'was the language of truth. Toe absorption of the red Juan was an inevita ble consequence. It was not man'ts fault that it was so ; but wherever civilization advanced the red man retired. (Hear, hear,) He had abstained focm introducing any topic connected with the Uudson'si Bay Company into the discussion, and he had done s a understanding that he was to have a day on which th at question could be debated by the house. To chow tb at it was imperatively nem eery that that subject should )e considered without delay, be reminded the' - house the in May, 1859, the license by which the Huctsen'e Ba 3 t Company now held certain territory of the Rocky M , runtains expired that it was necessary therefore to provi Lie for the future, and that they could only do so efilcienaly upon a thorough understanding of the ease. (Hese!, hear.) The house was not yet thoroughly in possessiee I of all the facto, and a night's discamion was needed for that purpose. Al though he conternpleted c'eprivi4 the Hudson's Bay Company of a Certain portion of tilt •ir • territory, yet the right hen. member for Coventry no ight rest assured that be was anxious to deal with that co rporation in the most liberal sproit. He hoped that Um I Government would look upoiethis question as one of imperial interest, and that they 'would contemplate the' prospect ct stretching the Britis'a dominion from the Ats'antic to the Pacific, to as to c: ea to a counterpoise on that: continent to a Power which was bow rising to an overwhelming importance. Mr. A. taIILLS entirely agreed in the remarks made by the rig ht hon. gentleman the late Colonial Secretery, as to the Wisdom shoWn by the Govornment in reserv ing to t'iemsalves the power of fixing the time when repreeeLEestive institutions should be introduced iota the L'loy;y. As to the desiginto4 9t the c:61131y, he certainly had thought, on seeing the name of the bill, that we were about to legislate for the Frenoh island in the South Pacific. He hoped that there would be no confusion about the matter, such as that which was said to have existed cnce, when a governor who had been sent out to a colony came home again and said he could not find it ? (A. laugh.) Mr. WYLD bogged to remind the right lion. baronet that this great question required his immediate atten tion. Not only would there be emigration to these colonies from California, but it would flow in from Canada, as these territories were only 47 days overland from Montreal. That emigration cool] not take that route without interfering with the territory of the Hud son's Bay Company. The hon. member for Sheffield bad talked of employing a large military force in these colo nies, but he would recall to his recollection what had happened in New South Wales when it was found im possible to keep troops there on account of the desertion of the men. The right hon, gentleman (iL'. Labou chere) had complained of tie designation of the colony, but if he referred to Cex'd Tour to the Rocky Moun tains, in 1&31, it would be sound that that territory was called New Caledonia. He congratulated the right hon. baronet on this good commencement of his Colonial ad ministration, and he would at the same time point out the desirability of making an alteration i❑ the existing boundary, which bad been found to be an inconvenient one. Mr. ELLICE thought the bill well calculated to carry out the objecis which the Colonial Secretary had in view. He begged the house, however, not to be led away by any notion of the facilities for colonising those territeries. There were difficulties connected with it which did not exist in the cases of Califoruia and Aus tralia. In the first place not a spade had been struck into the soil on the Frazer River. The country was difficult of access ; it contained no provisions, and as the gold mines were situated at the confluence of the Frazer and Thompson Rivers they were 350 miles from the coast, and the emigrant population would have not only to find the means of transit, but must carry pro visions with them for their support by the way. This country was different from the other gold coun tries. C ifornia was a settled country, rich in corn and other provisions; and in Australia our colonists bad prepared the way for emigrant , . He a4reed with the hon. member for Sheffield, that you ought not to establish these colonies witiaont adequate means for protecting the settlers. You must administer justice. You could not expect that there would be no crime, and how could justice be adinini,tered without the executive being such a force as was necessary for that purpose ? Those wcre questions of difficulty and importance, and he hoped the house would u,,t be led away by the notion that we were abou' to establish a colony at the mouth of the Frazer River which could'at once support itself. Toe plan of the right hon. baronet was the best that could be adopted at present. He believed the man most fitted to carry it out was Governor Douglas. With re gard to the native Indians in Vancouver's Island and the adjacent coast, they were numerous and tclerably well armed, and they bad attacked trading ships on several occasions. Governor Douglas by his good management had, however, maintained his colony with out any quarrel or dispute with them. But there could be no such management in the interior when the emi grants first went to the gold regions, and it was neces sary to make some provision in that respect. He argued that the matter could be left in no better hands than those of Governor Douglas. The hon. member for Sheffield had given good advice when he said, that what ever instructions you gave the governor they ought to he accompanied by laws and ordinances, which would enable him to carry out his government in the first in stance. The governor ought to be instructed on what terms his proclamation should be issued, and what pro tection he should hold out to persons going into the in terior. It was expedient that the Government should in ail - these matters give the most specific details to the governor. (Hear) Whatever policy might be adopieo with respect to the Hudson's Bay Company, he could assure the house that no obstacle would be raised by that company to a .fair add just' settlement. So far from setting up any extreme rights, the directors would be happy, for the sake of the interests of the shareholders, to render their best assistance to the Government and the public in carrying into effect that which would be most for the general benefit, The company desired to be treated fairly, as the East India Company had been treated, and could not be expected to surrender their rights without some indemnity. (Hear, hear.) Mr. CHRISTY congratulated the right hon. baronet on the introduction of a bill which was toe first step to wards putting an end to a large slice of the monopoly enjoyed by the Hudson's Bay Company. This commit tee was the subject cf discussion ten years ago, when he called the attention of the house to the inexpediency of giving over an island of such importaloce to the com pany. During the last session a committee was ap pointed to consider the whole question preparatory to the granting, as he. had feared, the exclusive right of •rading over such a vast extent of country, but he sup posed the bill would have the effect of settling that mat ter, and he thought there could not be a more concnsive argument against the impolicy pf granting such a mo nopoly, than the necessity wh.ch had arLen for placing the government of the island under the direction of the Crown. (Hear, hoar.) Although Governor Douglas might be skilful in managing the Indians, it should not be f ,rgutten that ha was the factor of the company, and instead of governinr , with a view to induce emigrants to go to the island, the ' government appeared to be exer cised in a manner width drove emigrants away. He thought it most imp rtant that the question respecting the Hudson's Bay Company should be ully discussed during the present session, in order that the feeling of the house and the G svernment might be ascertained with respect to the renewal of the charter. (Eiear.) He approved of the bill as a whole, but entertained some objection to the geographical arrangement proposed, aid inten , :.ed at a future stage of the measure to suggest a somewhat different boundary from that proposed by the right hon. baronet. He was far from winking it would not be politic to confine the operations of the Hudson's' Bty Company to ttio mere northern districts, which might be allevred to remain under their govern ment with less disadvantage to settlers, but as that ques tion would be discussed hereafter, he would not further revert to it. He could not help remarking that it was rattier curious that when the committee were sitting list year no information was given them respecting the discovery of gold, although it appeared from the docu ments on the table that tee discovery had been made two years ago. (Hear.) Lord SA.NDON said that when the license was granted to the Hudson's Bay Company, the Government fixed the price of land at 1/. per acre. It appeared from the evidence adduced before the committee that that high price had prevented colonisation from being carried on to any great extent, and he wished to suggest that in making the proposed change the Government should consider what the most inviting price of land shou l d be. (Hear.) Mirn. introduction W ct E ionthought of present the proper time for the measure of this description. bat L a the was not at all sanguine as to the success of the colony, because it seemed to biro that the first thing that must . happen would be some terrible collision between the whiies and the Indiens, which it woull not be in tuti power of any one to prevent. The sending out of a frigate would not he sufficient, and it would be neces sary to have on the spot a force capable cf maintaining order. (Hear.) He trusted that the right bon. baronet would tette let° consideration the suggestion which had been thrown out respecting the price of lard. If the island was not intended to beceneo the residence of a barbarous populatioe, mans must be taken to fix the land at such a price as it could be obtained for in the neighbouring countries. (Hear.) Tee bill proposed that her Majesty should be empowered by order in council to make laws for tee colony. or .delegate the power to the governor. Now he would suggest to the right lion. baronet the propriety of following the prece• dent which had been adopted with respect to other colonies, by inserting in the act a c ause providing that so much of the laws of England as could be applied to the colony should be enforced, and that tho Government should be left to supplemeet those !sews. (Hear.) He thought it would be much better for the law to go to the colony direct from Parliament. With regard to the name of the-new colony he thought it somewhat objec tionable. When there was a district near' Melbourne called Caledonia, and one on the eastern coast of New Holland called New Caledonia, he regretted that the right hon. gentlemen should have adopted a name also borne by a French island in the Pacific. Mr. J. WHITE thought the objections which had been urged with respect to the name of the c - ilooy ought to induce the Govi-rument to adopt a better and more appropriate one. Why not follow the course which in many cases had been pursued by the United States, and fix upon some abo:iginal Deans ? (Hear, hear.) He wished to urge on the Government most earnestly the expe diency of fixing the land tenure on a reasonable ba,is, and adopting the system laid down by the United States, which gave to the senlers the right of preemption. He was surprised that the right hon. baronet had not made more mention of Vancouver's bland, the importance of which could cot be exaggerated. He had heard Ameri cans declare that they would be content to give Califor nia for that island. Now, looking to the future, and the domination which the Americans must exPrcise over China and Japan, he was not surprised that they at tached so much importance to Vancouver's Island ; and it he thought the foundation of the new c. Tony would be productive of a quarrel between the two countries, he should almost be inclined to accede to the proposition wh ch the Americans were ready to make—namely, the offer of a large sum for that island. (No, no.) He thought the colony ought to be made as much as possible a self. sustainii,g colony, and trusted that the expenditure would he established on such a scale that the colonists would have no difficulty in paying it. (Hear.) In con clusion, he would suggest that if no proper aboriginal name could be found for the new colony it should be called Bulwer Lytton. Mr. CROSSLEY, as an instance of the inconvenience arising from different plates bearing the same name, stated that a letter, containing a large number of bank notes, posted at Plymouth, and directed to " Messrs. Crossley, Halifax," bearing no postage stamp, was for warded to Nova Sntirs, and then sent back to this country, masked "try Halifax, England." (Laughter.) He trusted that tome more distinctive name would be fixed upon for the new colony. (Hear, hear.) With re gard to the price of the land, he thought it most unwise to fix the price at V. per acre, when excellent land in the United States, running close up to railways, could be bought at dollar and a quarter per acre. Mr.;C. W. FITZ WIL LIAM said it was the practice of the Hudson's Bay Company, when a person, began to trade in the natpral products of the country, to outbid him. He thought that some survey of the country ought to be made —not such as was made for England, bat such a survey as was required for practical purposes. As regarded the proper person fo: governor, the right hon. member for Coventry bad endeavoured to impress upon the - Secretary for tE ColgisieS the value of Mr. Douglas's I servicts as a govarter. /dr...Douglas might be the best ! governor that ever was created, but at present be was totally unfitted. He was the agent of the Hudson's Bay Company, and endeavoured to put down everybody who attempted to trade. Fcr his own part, knowing come thing of Mr. Douglas, he should say be was a very in competent man to be a governor. Mr. Douglas had never had to deal with white men, but always had deal with the Indians, and his idea was that the law of might was the law of right. The sort of men who had come to this colony were those who had left the States because they were too hot to hold them. They required genii° treatment, and it would not do to rub their hair the wrong way. The bill was then read a second time and ordered to be committed nn Mcnrlity. POLICE FORCE (IRELAND) BILL. Lord NAAS moved the second reading of this bill. He briefly explained some of the details of the measure, raspecting which he observed many misstatements had obtained currency in Dublin. Therneasure was intended to amalgamate the civic police an-I county constabulary throughout Ireland. It would accomplish considerable economy in the local expenditure, and had been received wits general approbation in every Irish town and city with the solitary exception of Dublin. Mr. P. O'BRIEN opposed the bill, and moved as an amendment that the second reading should be deferred for three months. It was, he declared, an essentially Orange arrangement, and in Ireland would carried out in that sense- On a divisian there appeared— For the second reading For tho amendment ..... 125 . 66 Majority The dis:cuaaion was, however, renewed ou the. queAL - 42 that the bill should be ordered to be committed. Mr. Cogan, Mr. Bowyer, Mr. P. O'Brien, Mr. Grogan, Mr. J. D. Fitz4eraid, Mr. Whiteside, and Sergeant Dewy having addreßsed the house, Mr. MAGI IRE moved the adjournment of the de bate. After further discussion, carried to some length, and in which many personalities were infused, this motion was agreed to without a division, and the dellai.e stood adjourned. The Sale and Transfer of Land (In-land) Bill ma con sidered and ainer.dv.d in the committee, and ordered to stand for third reading this day. The Titles of Land (Scotland) Bil!, and the Lunatics (Scotland) BIM were read a third time. _ _ On theamQndments to the 21 , ..,dical Practitioners Bill consicieled, Mr. HADFIELD moved them following addition to clause 45, "And shall be free from all stamp duty, in cane the existinv, stamp duty shag have been already paid on the dipbma, and by such physician from the College of Physicians to which be biongs." Mr. G HAMILTON oppose,l the amendment, upon which the house divided, ,A lien the numbers were— For the amendment Against it 4O Majority —24 The amendments were then agreed to, and the third reading fixed for this day. Mr. ALCOCK obtained leave to bring in a bill for the voluntary commutation of church rates. General PEEL obtained leave to bring in a bill to snsp,nd the making of lists and the ballots for the militia of the United Kingdom, and also for a select committee to propose estimates of the charge of the disembodied militia of Great Britain and elrdand. Lord NAAS obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the law relating to rateable property. Mr. COLLINS obtained leave to bring in a bill to enal - ,l=, the Speaker, during the prorogation and ad journment of Parliament, to issue a ❑ew writ in cases of vacancies. Mr. HENLEY obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the laws relating to cheap trains, and to re strain the exercise of certain powers by canal and railway companie s. The house then adjourned at two o'clock. THE ROCKY 11r)U11'TAINS. Destiny, which has lately riveted our attention on the burning plains of the extreme East, now claims cur solicitude for the auriferous mountains and rushing rivers of the far West aml the shores of the remote Pao.ic. What most of us know of these ultra-occidental regions may be summed up in a very few words. We have most of us read Washington Irving's charming narrative of _Astoria, sympathised with the untimely fate of Captain Thorn and his crew, and read with breathless in terest the wanderings of the pilgrims to the head waters of the Columbia. After thirty years the cur tain rises again on the stormy period of the Ash burton Treaty, when the "patriots" were bent upon " whipping the Britishers" out of every acre of land on the western side of the Rocky Moun tains. And now for the third time we are recalled to the sani> territory, no longer as the goal of the adventurous trader or the battle-ground of the political agitator, but as a land of promise —a new El Dorado, to which men are rushing with all the avidity that the presence of the one thing, which all men in all times and in all places insatiably de sire is sure to crew e. The Parliamentary •paper circulated yesterday • morning, and the able epitome of it given in the speech of the Secretary of Stare for the Colonies in the House of Commons last night, dispelled to a considerable extent the obscurity which huriz over this portion of the American con'inent, and which the researches of the Hudson's Committee of last year had only partially removed. The terri tories of the Hudson's Bay Company may, for the purpose of understanding the arrangements now in progress, be divided into three parts—the ter ritory to the east of the Rocky Mountains, held principally under charter from the Crown ; the territory to the west of the Rocky Mountains, held under a license fur exclusive trade, granted under an act of Parliament ; and Vancouver's Island, handed over to the Hudson's 8.,37: Com pany during the colonial administration of Le. d. Grey. The Company proved, as might have been expected, better fur-traders than colonists. The settlement languished under their auspices ; they are accused of overbearing private trade by the weight of an irresistible competition ; the price CI their land, too, was unreasonably high, having heen fixed by act o f P ar li ament at 1/. an acre, in pursuance of the colonial policy of the day; the resources of the island were not d eve l o p e d, nor did its population materially increase. The Committ en of last fear therefore recommended that Vancouver's Island should be taken from the Hud son's Bay Company, and formed into a separate colony ; and measures will, we presume, be immediately taken to carry' that decision into effect. Mr. Roebuck has given notice that he will ou a future evening call the attention of the house to the case of the Hudson's Bay territories east of the Rocky Mountains. A deputation has waited on Lord Derby, pressing upon him the necessity of taking these territories also from the Hudson's Bay Company, and Lord Derby has expressed his general concurrence with the views of the deputation ;• but no immediate action is to be expected, and we may therefore await with patience the result of the threatened Parliamentary dis-. cussion. The fate, however, of the district which lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific has just been decided by tolie Government and the House of Commons. It is to enter into the list of British colonies under the euphonous, but not novel title of New Cileclonia. It is a wild and mountainous land, i n te rsec ted with deep ravines and rivers fed from the inexhaustible moisture that rolls down the sides of the Rocky Mountains, having very little level ground, but a healthy and temperate climate. Two of these rivers, the Fraser and the Thompson, the names of which recall the native land of the traders of the Hudson's Bay Company e ethe first flowing from the north, the second from the east, unite at about 330 miles from the sea, and it is at their junction that the golden deposits which have so suddenly dragged this obscure region into notoriety are found. The approach to this point is described as exceedingly difficult-and even dangerous, and many persons have already perished in the rive: in pursuit of the wealth which has been discovered on its banks. The Indians are numerous and warlike, quite aware of the value of the gold, and firmly deter mined, if possible, to keep it for themselves. They are described by the few miners who straggled to the spot last year as abstaining from acts of violence and bloodshed, but as keeping a vigilant watch on the motions of their unwelcome visitors, and, whenever they find that they have broken ground, as quietly . hustling the m away froni the place, and confiscating the mine to their own use and benefit. This year, however, matters look ' more serious. A large emigration of persons trained in the rough school of. California has set forth. They carry with them their tools and the necessaries of for there is no food in the land whither they go. The Indians regard them with suspicion and hatred, and there is reason to ap prehend a collision between 'the savages and these outcasts of civilization, which can hardly be ex pected to terminate without bloodshed. _ _ _ These are the facts under which the Colonial Minister is called upon to act, and he has intro. ducted a Bill for the purpose of dealing with them which professes to give law, order, good government, and protection to life and property. This is very well as far as law-making goes, but it was pointed out by more than one speaker that for the preservation of law and order something more than an Act of Parliament is necessary, and that, in fact, no time should be lost in despatching a re spectable force to the place. So far from regarding suc:i an event as a piece of good fortune, worthy of the glowing periods in which the Colonial Mini ster celebrated the future of. his infant colony, we regard such a state of things as exceedingly unto was d. We could well have afforded to await until the wave of population, flowing steadily onward from. the South 7 e as t, h a d p eo pled thess solitary valleys with a race capable of governing themselVes and of supplyinp, a police adequate for their own wants. The gold will probably enrich the adven- turece who dig it up, but will contribute but little to the support of the Government in whose land it is found ; while the rude and turbulent habits of the miners call upon us to detach a force which at the present moment we can but ill spare, and to enter into expenses which even a Chancellor of the Exchequer who has, like Mr. Disraeli, discovered the philosopher's stone, would very gladly torpid. Nor can we join the Colonial Secretary in his wish, which had in it more of poetry than statesman ship, that the colony may not be enriched by the gold. We would gladly have dispensed with its presence, but, as it has come, we must make the best of ir, and seek, by settling the population on the land, to avoid a situation similar to that of the Australian Colonies, where the human tide flows out almost as fast as it flows in, and deprives the land of the riches which men have come thrro to gather, but carry elsewhere to invest and to enjoy. We do not believe that those who have had of late years full experience of the blessings of local self-government in California will be at all un willing to enjoy that particular species of liberty which assumes the form of enlightened despotism. To work in peace and to enjoy the fruits of their labour will be to them a condition of life equally new and precious, and we should imagine it would take some years before they will recor r taste enough for a democratic Government seriously to disturb the paternal sway of Mr. James Douglas.-- Times. Country Markets. MANCHESTER -JULY 8. There was a good attendance at our market this morn ing, but owing to the high prices demanded by holders the business passing was very restricted. English wheat, in the sales effected, was held for an advance of fully 2s per qr., and 2d to 31 per 701bs. on foreign, since this day se'nnight. Flour also improved is to 2s per sack, with a slow sale. Oatmeal neglected. Oats met rather more inquiry at extreme rates. Beans, peas, Indian corn, and barley each is per qr. dearer. LOUTH-JULY 7. We have again to report a dull market for all descrip tions of grain, and the few who were compelled to buy bad to give an advance of is to 2s for wheat ; other sorts rather higher. Wheat, red, 39s to 43s ; mixed, --s ; white, 483; barley 32s to 368; oat, 21s to 27s ; beans, 40s to 445. BOSTON-JULY 7. There was a moderate supply of wheat, and very high prices were demanded by the growers, the few sales being at is to 2s higher. In spring corn little or nothing doing. Prices :—Wheat, red, 39a ud to 46s Od; new, —s to —s ; white, 44s Oct to 4's Od; extra, 50s. Barley, 28s Od to 33i Od. Oats 248 to 30s. Peas, 40 to 423 Od. Beans, 42s Od to 44s Od per qr. NEWARK-JULY 7. At our Corn Exchange to-day there was a good attend ance of farmers and a large show of grain. Wheat ad vanced 2s per qr. Other articles as before. Wheat, white 415 to 495, red 43s to 455; barley, malting 33s to 345, grinding 33s to 345; oats, 12st. 32s to 345, list, 26s to 28s; beans, 45s to 47s ; malt, 64s to 725; peas, 405 to 425; tares, —s to —s per qr. GLASGOW—JULY 7. At this day's market there was less activity, transac tions being confined more to retail buyers at the advance of fid to is per boll on wheat, and 6d to is per barrel and sack on flour. Oats and oatmeal held firmly at full rates. Higher prices were required for barley, beans, and Indian corn, but few sales transpired ; peas as b3fore. EDINBURGH GRAIN.-JULY 7. A full average supply of grain to-day. Sales ready and prices considerably better. W neat, on the top, 2s 6d up, and on the average is ld up. Barley, 3s 3d up on the top, and 2s 8d up on the average. Oats on the top were Os 31 down and on the average 83 Od up. Beans on the top 18 Od up, and on the average 18.8 d up. AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat £2 2 11 1-12th. Do. new -12ths. Barley 1 8 6 0-12ths. Oats... 1 8 3 10-12ths. Beans Total Supply and Sales. Wheat 1465 qrs sold 1235 qrs Barley 314 qrs sold 210 qrs Oats 954 qrs sold 761 qrs Beans 77 qrs sold 72 qrs DERBY SMITHFIELD.—JULY 6. The following were the quotations :—.Beef, 60 to Gil; mutton, 6d to 64d ; lamb, 6d to Bid ; veal, 6d to --d-per lb. ; pork, 5d to —d per lb ; rough fat, 4s 8.1 to Os per 11M.; hides, 24-d to 3N per lb ; calf-skins, 4d to scl per lb. LOOAL &BARB MARKE24. LIVERPOOL, JULY 7. STOCK EXCHANGE—The market has been very inactive to-clay, but closed firm. Closing prices :—Dovers, 20 1-16 h —London and North-Western, 89 i--Sheffield, 36$ $— Chesterand Holyhead, 17 4—Eastern Counties, 12 1-16 *— Midland, 91 /—North British, 114 12—Eirkenheads, —Groat Western, 49A 50—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 904 - Great Western of Canada, 171- Blackburns, 111 iißerwickg, 22R P, —East Lancashire, 90 I— Ca ledonians, 3G, 7 ,- 7—Leeds Northern, 231 3 -Dutch Rhenish, 5 3.16 1-16 die.—York and North Midland, 351 ?,,,--Graxd Trunk of Canada, 10* .11. MANCH ESTER, JULY 7. STOOK ExcRANGE.—The market wag exceedingly dull to-day, and prices gave way slightly. Caledonians, Mil— Dovers, 204—Leeds, 94- Midlands, 141—Trunks. 101 Sheifields, 361—Eastern Counties, o—Union Bank, a p. —Bank of Manchester, pm. BIRMINGHAM. JULY 8. STOCK EXCEIANGL—There was an improvement in the market here to-day, but business was limited. Londons, $9 89g—South Staffords, 10A—Great Westerns, 49A —Mid lands, 91. MADAME PALESIKOFF.—The awful death of Madame Palesikoff, one of the most charming almond all that bevy of charming Russian ladies who sornetimesirladden the winters cf Paris, has created a terrible shock amongst the circles she so lately embellished by her presence. The unhappy lady left Paris but a short time ago, on a summer tour to Germany. While stepping from the door of the Opera house, at Berlin, to gain her carria ge , she let fall one of her bracelets lose to the pavement. Stooping to pick it up, she noticed at the time; laugh ingly, that " one of the horses belonging to a carriage standing at hand bad dropped his head so close to her face that he had touched her, and bit a moist kiss upon .her. cheek." In a few days the unfortunate lady was taken iil with that most horrible disea- , e glanders, and in a few days more breathed her last, in spite of the attendance of the first physicians of Berlin, and every resource to be obtained by wealth, or by the ceaseless vigilance of friends.—Court Journal. [ADVERTISEMENT].—Nothing can be more interesting than the numerous extraordinary cures without medicine of Indi gestion (Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Constipation, Nervous, Bill, ous, and Liver complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption, and Debility effected by Du Barry's delicious Health-Restoring Rsvalenta Arabica Food. We give a few.—Winchester, De. cember 3d, 1847. Gentlemen,—l am happy to be able to inform you that the person for whom your Revalenta was procured has derived a very great benefit from its use ; dis tressing symptoms of Dropsy, Dyspepsia, and Constipation of long standing have been removed, and a feeling of restored health induced. Having witnessed the beneficial effects in the above mentioned-case I can with confidence recom. mend it, &c. JAMES SIIORLAND, late Surgeon, 96th Regiment. 65, Piccadilly, Loudon, Bth Nov., 1847. Gentlemen,—Hav ing been for a long time a great sufferer from piles and severe constipation of the bowels, I 'commenced taking, about three weeks ago, Du Barry's "Revalenta Arabica" twice a day. The result induces me herewith t exeress my unbounded gratitude. My bowels and stomach begin to remind me of what I was years ago ; in fact, I am fast approaching coin. plete restoration to the enjoyment of functions without which life is but a painful burden. No' medicine has ever done me the good I have derived from the " Revalenta." Digestion has, in my case, began anew. With thanks, &c., VAL PArcunie. Supported by testimonials from the following celebrated Pro fessors of Chemistry: Dr. A Ure; Dr. Shorland; Dr. Harvey; Dr. Campbell; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzcr ; Dr'. Ingram; Lord Stuart de Decies; the Dowager Countess of Casttestuart; Major G2n. Thomas King, and many' other respectable per sons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed. Suitably packed with full instrue• tious, In canisters, 11b. 2s, 9d.; 2'-b. 4s. 6d.; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 225. The 121 b canisters are sent carriage free on re. ceipt of Post-office order. Barry Du Barry, and Co., 77 Regent-street, London. Important Caution against the fear • fal dangers of spurious imitations.—The Vice-Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an Injunction on the 10th March, 1854, against Alfred HOoper Nevin for imitating "Da Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food," BIRTHS. BARNET—On the 7th inst., at 2, Leinster-gardens, Hyde• park, the wife of 'George Barnet, Esq., of a sou. CUURCHILL n the SO inst., at 29, Sussex-square, the wife of Charles Churchill, Esq.; of a daughter, DAwEs—On the 7th inst., at Blackheath, the wife of George Dawes, Esq., of a son. GROvE—On t')e 6th lust., at Dathwiek, the wife of Lieut.- Colonel Grove, of a SOH. MARRIAGES. DUNKLEY—DODDEMEADE —On the Bth inst., at St. George's, Hanover - square, Mr. Georg e J ose ph D u nkley, eldest son of Mr. G. Duukley, of the License office, Somerset-house, to Louisa Sophia, third daughter of Mr. Charles Dodde. meta", of Newington-causeway. WESTON — DAKETNE —On the 7th inst. , at East Bridgeford Church, Nottinghamshire, William Weston, s econ d Eon of Ambrose Weston, Esq., of Lincoln's-inn, barrister-at -law, to ilLry Isabelle, younger daughter of the late Henry C. Dakeyne, Esq. DEATHS. Acnexn—On the 6th inst., at Boulston, Pembrokeshire; Frederick Ackland, Esq., C.E., third son of the late R. I. A c kl a nd, EFg., of Eonlston, aged 29. CORBETT -On the 6th inst., at Sydney Cottage, Reading, Becks, William Corbett, Esq., late of Somerset House, aged 76. DETTMAR- -- On the 7th inst., at 36, Sussox-gardens, Hyde. park, Isabel, wife of Montague Dettmar, Esq. ' Captain 3d Light Dragoons, of Beech Lodge, Maralw, and daughter of the late John Gore, Esq., of Hartz Woodford. Goonnvn—On the 6th inst., at Gosport, deeply lamented, Lydia, widow of the late Joseph Goodeve, Esq., of the same place, aged t 9. MAcnoNAtn --- On the 7th inst., at 14, South Audloy T street, alter a few hours' Godfrey Alan, youngest son of Lord and Lady Macdonald. LONDON c Printed aid Published by MURDO YOUNO, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Els ..cti; Office, No, /12, Strand, in the Proeinet of the Savoy, in the comity o Irliddlesex a Friday, July 9, 1858. • . CLOSE raged f PRIVA' tons emery Admissi id the Cramer CH TiTrx areas— unable they ha comfort turday Stalls, The] for thei F~ portant market DR. NIARR receipt ~~8 the hot their ns give a aboVe Humle Mr. Ge every forman bered), the pi i f N.B. 7 Ai VA.LL r►ary a t and G Genera Perforr Evenin Priv ' P.t. Is No fees The the 30t proxiai Tate of 22d N. 13, Assail being eurrin; annual tho de Of grtti to -0; etc ho Place, 08.113 C llshed 1 bas bei Policie Th, lia7, Poll tak •ut Th vatic Of th