The Sun. — London, England, 1858-07-09 00:00:00

with the company only in its second character, and took from it the whole of its governing powers, and vested them in the Crown ; but the bill left untouched all its rights as to stock, dividends, redemption, and the secu rity fund. Inasmuch as the rights as to stock must be protected, and as the dividends most be paid by some particular body, the bill preserved the sompany in that which was strictly and legitimately its functions in refe rence to those matters, and money would be placed in its hands for the payment of the dividends. Mr. ROEBUCK said, that they now bad a specimen of the joint work of the noble lord (Lord Stanley) and of that house in the matter of legislation for India, and he thought it but fair to himself to record his opinion of this great effort in legislation. He believed, with the hon. and learned member for Devonport, that a greater opportunity of distinction was never offered to any man than that which was offered to the noble lord ; but the noble lord, united with that house, had produced a scheme of government whi ch appeared to be n efficacious, and which would prove by experience to be totally inefficient. In a very few yea rs the y wonli be called on to patch up this rickety production of the noble lord's. It happened that England had a task im posed on it with respect to India, such as no country ever had imposed on it before. At a distance of many thousands of miles a very small body of enlightened men were called on to frame a government for a people wholly different from themselves in religion, manners, customs, and thought, and if that house were tasked to furnish forth a good instrument of legislation, it was on the present occasion. And what had they done ! The great objection to the existing' Government was its double character, which introduced delay and every possible mischief into the Goeernatent of India. They had now done away with the existing Government, but what had they adopted in its stead ! In a few words he would compare the Government framed by the present bill with the existing Government of. India. The first part of the existing Government wag the President of the Board of Control, who, by Mr. Pitt's bill, was really the paramount authority in the GoYer nment of India. The President of the Board of Control had the pe.ver of doing anything and everything, with the subsequent sanction of that house. What bad they done with re spect to that functionary t They had changed his name and called him Secretary of State [or Inciaa, and that was the only change with respect to him. What had they done with respect to the council that surrounded him ? They had in place of the Directors of the East India Company created a cou ncil. Now, the directors were, to a certain degree, respun.uble. They were chsen by a body, not well selected , bu t still a popular bo o dy. What had the house done with ree'nect to them! They had put in their place a body called the Council for India, eight of the members of whin h were to be chosen by the Minister, the other seven wei te to choose them selves, and they were all to be chosen . for life ; so that in place of the directors now responsiWe to the proprie tors of the East India Company, they had a body of persons responsible to nobody. That was the great alte ration which the skill of the noble lord, coupled with the labours of that house, had produced in the way of the Government of India, and he defied the ingenuity of man to propose a plan for the government of a distant province worse than that. (A laugh.) It had not one quality which a Government ought to have. With re spect to the councillors the choice was circuenscribed, and instead of looking round to find the cleverest men in the community the selecting parties were hound to choose the best they could out of a small number, He believed the very fact of being in India 10 years unfitted men to govern India. That might appear a paradox, but it was not one ; for men could learn in England far more of India than they could by merely travelling in India. The historian of British India, Mr. Mill, and that most remarkable man now in the the India-house, Mr. John Mill, never were in India. It might he that those two persons might be selected, Out it would he very remark able if the -Government of this country selected the two best men for the Government of India. (A laugh.) The house had created a machinery that would not work, and the clause that enabled the Secretary of State to do away entirely with the Council for India was the solo clause iu the bill which would enable it to work. He believed the council would be a ittumblingblock in their way, and that five years would not pass over the head of the noble lord opposite (Lord Stanley) without a necessity arising for the amendment of this bill, and he hoped the noble lord would live for those five years—(cheering)--to ex perience the truth of his prophecy, and to amend a mea . sure upon the preparation of which he had bestowed so much trouble and attention. (Hear, hear.) Lord J. RUSSELL—I do not join in the maledic tion which has been launched against this bill by my hon. and learned friend the member For Sheffield. (A. laugh.) There are some redeeming feasturee in the bill to which the hon. and learned gentler eon has not re ferred. My hon. and learned friend hate truly said that under the last of Pitt's Bills the President of the Board of Control became, in fact, the Governor c - f India ; but the original intention was that the Board of . Control, as its name implies, should control the directors and pro prietors of the East India Company, who it was supposed —and upon very just grounds—were at that time in clined to carry ou aggressive wars in India, with little regard to justice or true policy. The Board of Control, however, became in fact the supreme Government of India. Now we take away that mask, and give to a Secretary of State for India the power of directing and controlling the affairs of that portion of the empire. I say, then, that if we have merely removed what was a delusion we have made an advance by exchanging the Government of the Board of Control for that of a Secretary of State. My honourable and learned • friend has said that the directors were chosen by a body of proprietors, to whom they were responsible ; and, undoubtedly, the directors were appointed by the proprietors, after a canvas which was not very seemly, and by means which would be very distasteful to men of high character and honour. IL believe, how ever, that after the directors ware once chosen nobody ever heard of their being called to account by the pro prietors on the ground that their constituents were dis satisfied with the course they had pursued. In the place of the Court of Directors we ate now to have a Council eomposed of men well acquainted with Indian affairs, who will afford information to the Secretary of State with reference to any questions upon which he may re quire assistance or advice. I think this is a great im provement in the government of India. I can imagine that a Secretary of State might be so unwise as to trans fer to the members of the council mere routine duties, without asking their advice upon poiniiet of importance ; but I should conceive that any Secretary of State who acted in such a manner would ill discharge his duties. I think the Secretary o' State may derive most valuable assistance from the Council with regard to important sees' ions r f policy, and revenue, the administration of jeeiees ..sd war. The Ceureil reteht, in my opinion, to be independent, and my belief ie i.uec 6isei oejec• wai be effected by appointing the members during , good be haviour. With regard to the numbers of the Council, their exclusion from seats in this house, and the main tenance of the Secret Committee, I differ from the views which are embodied in the bill ; and I have no doubt that with respect to these and other questions we shall, before the lapse of five years, or of three years, or even, perhaps, of two years, have the Secretary of State coin ing down to this house and informing us that there are portions of the measure which have not answered the in tentions of its framers, and which require alteration. There are other questions which are not touched by the bill, and which if they do not require legislation on the part of this house will undoubtedly require the earnest attention of the Government. By this measure we merely regulate the home Government of India, but the great questions of the tenure of land, of re venue, of the government cf the army, of the services of the army, and of the administration of justice, will re quire careful and anxious attention, and I think that in the course of s year or two the Secretary of State and the Council will probably be prepared to introduce great measures of reform with reference to these subjects, al though it may not be necessary to submit them to this house. Hon. gentlemen are aware of the settlement of the land question in India which was effected by Lord ; Cornwallis, and which was at the time, and long after wards, regarded as a measure of great wisdom and pru dence. Lord Grenville declared in Parliaineut that he regarded that settlement as one of the most important and beneficial measures that could have been adopted by the moet benevolent Government. Souse time after wards, however, public opinion veered round, strong opposition was manifested to the arrangement, and the Government sought to substitute everywhere, but especially in the Presidency of Bengal, a system which would destroy the power of the .hainindare, and establish an immediate connexion between the Government and the peasantry. Another change of opinion has taken place, and many persons now state that observation and experience have convinced them that unless there are teensidezahle landowners between the rulers and the people it will be impo-sible to se cure the welfare of the population, and to provide for their good government. (Hear.) These circumstances show that questions of this nature require the most care ful consideration. The mode in which the revenue is at present collected in India is most unsatisfactory, for in some districts there is an excessive amount of laud-tax, in others of the salt-tax, and in others of the opium-tax. These are questions which require minute and careful investigation ; but we have not attempted to deal with them in this bid. I think we Iceve acted judiciously in abstaining from any such attempt, fur they are subjects which require much closer exaenination than we could devote to them ; but, after establishing a Canoe I in , which such questions can be considered, and enabling the Minister of the Crown to obtain information and ad- Nice from persons of Indian experience, we may expect a eolntion, of these difficult questions. In referring to this subject I cannot abstain from adverting to the re , markabie speech which was made the other evening by the honourehle member for Birmingham (Mr. Bright). and which did not at the time attract much °beer , 'ration. I think the speech of that honourable gen tleman was one of the most remarkable sver de livered in this house. Ido not concur in soma of the opinions which he expressed. I do not agree with . him that it will be possible--at least for a ioug time to come, perhaps never—to abolish the important office of . . Governor-General of India, but I do agree with him that we ought to endeavour to give large powers to the Go vernors of the different Presidencies in India, and that it is only by entrusting great powers to them, and en abling them to govern their Presidencies with vigour - and effic Ailey, that we are likely to improve the govern • • , ment of Lndia• I agree, generally, in the pi iuciples laud down by the hon. gentleman, although they may not be dtinuediately applicable. I think they are the true principles upon which the government of India ought in future to b e con d uc t e d. Olean hear.) Whether our decisions may have been wise or not, We have, at all events, gone through this bill with an absence of party spirit which, I believe, evinced on the part of the house a desire to come to a right deterrninatiou upon the various important questions which have been brought under our consideration—(hear, hear)—and I am sure that, having framed the bill in s u c h a spi r it, it will be meet sati.sfactory to the house if its operation should prove beneficial to the people of India, an d hono arable to the Parliament of this country. (Cheers. ) The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQI3 X..3, -I can not refrain from c ongratulating the house upon t aving, by the eambiaed exertions of hon. gent] ere,en e n bot m h s ides, brought th is bill to its present sta•ge, ax .d fro offering them, on the part of her Majesty's G o vernment, our sincere thanks for the candour and patience with which they have assisted us in the progress of the mew. sure. There is, I believe, no one in this house who re. cognises or appreciates more complete] y than I do the necessity and importance of party organ isation. Indeed, I do not know how a popular assemblj • so numerous as the existing House of Commons could t ,e defended from the influence of the Crown without a n organisation of that nature. There are, however, oc :casions on which there is an universal agreement tlu It that political discipline may most advantageously ta 3 modified or sus pended, and I cannot but feel that wh en we are called upon to consider a question relating to t he better govern ment of India—especially under the s ,a ogle circum stances of that country—the occasion h ' one on which we should combine our common efforts :'or the common good. (Cheers.) I think this measure is a very great im provement upon the state of affairs it .is intended to supersede, and, although it pretends to be , no more than an effort to institute in this country a / igorous home government for India, it is impossible not tae believe that it will have a very beneficial e ff e ct on the government of India in India itself. That is the point , ;co which the feelings of all England must now be directe, 1. Having, by the cordial assistance of all parties in th e House of Commons, succeeded in framin g a measure wAich I trust will institute a vigorous government of India'. in Eug. land, let us now hope that by the wisdom of our states men, by the skill of our commanders, and the .bravery of our troops, we may soon put an end to the groat re bellion which has so long raged in that important part of her Majesty's dominions, and that we may be able to re-establish her empire in that part of the world on those principles of truth and justice without which no empire in this age can be established or maintained. (Cheers.) The bill was then read a third time and passed amid considerable cheering. GOVERNMENT OF NEW CA.LEDONIA. BILL. On the order of the day for the second reading of this bill, Sir E. B. LYTTON said—The bill which I ask the house to sanction is necessary to the maintenance of law and the preservation of life in the district in which it proposes to establish a Government, and it rea lises at an earlier period than was anticipated an object which has already entered into the colonial policy of this country. The house is aware that in 1849 the Crown granted to the Hudson's Bay Com pany the soil of Vancouver's Island, on the condition of establishing a colony there, disposing of the land to emi grants, and defraying its expenses, the Crown to resume the land on the expiration of the grant of exclusive trade in 1859. But the comFany enjoy in Vancouver's Island no rights of government or of judicature. The govern ment is administered by a Governor appointed by the Crown, with a Legislative Council, and a House of Re presentatives chosen by the people. The judicature is administered by Courts instituted by the Crown, under the special authority of an Act of Parliament, " to pro vide for the administration of justice in Vancouver's Island." Next year it is the intention of the Crown to resume the soil, and the whole puielic connection of the company with the island will cease. Indeed, my right hon. friend the member for Coventry (Mr. Ellice), in his able evidence before the committee on the Hudson's Bay Company, says, "The sooner the public re-enter into possession, and the sooner they form establishments worthy of the island, and worthy of th 3 country, the better." My right hon. friend proceeds to say, " that this island is a kind of England attached to tLe continent of America ; that it should be the principal station of our naval force in the Pacific . that it is the only good harbour to the northward of San Francisco, as far north as Sitka, the Russian settlement ; that you have in Vancouver's Island the best harbour, fine timber in every situation, and coal enough for your whole navy ; that the climate is wholesome, very like that of Eng land ; the coasts abound with fish of every description ; in short, there is every advantage in the Island of Van couver to make it one of the first colonies and best settlements of England." (Hear, hear.) But when my right hon. friend was asked by the committee if he thought it desirable to attempt also at once to colonise the land on the adjacent coast he answered "No, we should have enough to do in colonising the island." He will not say that now. He knows that new circumstances have arisen which call upon us to place, as soon as possible, the adjacent territory under the safeguard of an esta blished Government, such as this Bill would provide. And those circumstances are the discovery of goldfields, the belief that those goldfields will ba eminently produc tive, the number of persone of foreign nations and un known character already impelled to the place by that belief. I need say no more to show the imperative necessity of establishing a Government wherever the hope of gold, to be had for digging, attracts all adven turers and excites all passions. (Hear, hear.) At this moment there is no imperial Government at all in the place, for the Governor of Vancouver's owns no com mission on the mainland. Thus, the discovery of gold compels us to do at once what otherwise we should very soon have done—erect into a colony a district that appears, in great part, eminently suited for civilised habitation and culture. (Hear, hear.) Before I pro ceed further it may be interesting to the House to give a sketch of the little that is known to us through official sources of the territory in which these new goldfields have been digenvarpri. T 6. 6...14..7 lie.- hatwfwn the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific ; it is bounded on the south by the American frontier line, 4.9 deg. of latitude, and may be considered to extend to the sources of Frazer River, in latitude 55 deg. It is, therefore, about 420 miles long in a straight line, its average breadth about 250 to 300 miles. Taken from corner to corner its greatest length would be, however, 806 miles, and its greatest breadth EOO miles. Mr. Arrowsmith corn patesitsarea of square miles, including Queen Charlotte's Island, at somewhat more than 200,000 miles. Of its two gold-bearing rivers, one, the Frazer, rises in the northern boundary, and flowing south falls into the sea at the south-western extremity of the territory, opposite the southern end of Vancouver's Island, and within afew miles of the American boundary ; the other, the Thompson River, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and fl.wing westward joins the Frazer about 150 miles from the coast. It is on these two rivers, and chiefly at their confluence, that the gold discoveries have been made. Hon. gentle men who look at the map may imagine this new colony at an immeasurable distance from England ; but we have aiready raceiesd o. em turas from no less eminent a person than Mr. Cunard fur a line of postal steam- res._ls for letters, goods, and passengers, by which it is calculated that a passenger starting from Liverpool may reach this colony in about 25 days by way of New York and Panama. With regard to the soil, there is said to be some tolerable land on the lower part of Frazer River. But the Tlaompson'a River district is described as one of the finest countries in the British dominions, with a cli mate far superior to that of countries in the same lati tude on the other side of the mountains. Mr. Cooper, who gave valuable evidence before our committee on this district, with which he is thoroughly acquainted, recently addressed to me a letter, in which he states that— " Its fisheries are most valuable, its timber the finest in the world for marine purposes; it mounds with bitumin ous coal well fitted for the generation of steam ; from Thompson's River and Colville districts to the Rocky Mountains, and from the 49th parallel some 350 miles north, a more beautiful country does not exist. It is in every way suitable for colonisation." (Hear, hear.) Therefore, apart from the gold-fields, this country affords every promise of a flourishing and im portant colony. (Hear.) In Charlotte's Island, which we include in this new colony, gold was discovered in 120, but only in small quantities. Here I may perhaps correct a popular misconception. In Vancouver's Island itself no gold has been yet discovered. The discovery of gold on the mainland was first reported to the Colo nial-office by a despatch from the Governor of Van couver's Island, dated April lii, 1856. The Governor had received a report from a clerk in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Colville, on the Upper Columbia [liver. Further reports followed in Ootober, 1856, testifying to the importance of the dis covery. From experiments made in the tributaries of Frazer River there was reason to behove that the gold region was etteneire ; the similarity in the geological formation of the mountains in the territory to those of California induced the Governor to believe that these would prove equally auriferous. Subsequent accounts, in 1857, varied as to the quantity of gold obtained, but confirmed generally the opinion of the richness of the mines, especially above the confluence of the Frazer and Thompson Rivers. The Governor writes on July 15, that gold was being discovered on the right bank of the Columbia,. and the tableland between that river and - Frazer'''. On Dec. 29 he ascribed the small quantity found to the want of skill and tools on the part of the natives, who opposed any white men digging. The In dians were especially hostile to the Americans, and op posed their entrance into the country. Great excitement now prevailed in Oregon and Washington Territory. An influx of adventurers might be expected in the spring, in which case collisions between the whites and the natives might be expected to occur. As far back as the first discovery in April, 1856, the Governor had suggested the system of granting digging licences. The right hon. gentleman the member for Taunton, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, pointed out, in reply (Aug. 4), that it would be abortive to attempt to raise a revenue from licences to dig for gold in that region in the ab sence of effective machinery of Government, and left to the Governor's discretion the means of preserving order. In the exorcise of that discretion he issued a proclama tion (December 28, 1857) declaring the rights of the Crown to the gold in Teompson's and Fraz-2e's Rivers ; establishing licence fees of 100, which, on Jan. 1, 1858, he raised to 20s. ; and prohibiting persons from dig g ing without authority from the C olonial Government. Bus this proclamation has virtually proved a dead letter, for, in point of fact, the Government bad no legal power to issue the proclamation, or cause it to be re spected, he having no commission as Governor on the mainland ; and, indeed, his sole power has been the moral power of his energy, talents, and extraoidibary influence over the natives. Tee manner in which he has preserved peace is highly to his honour. (Hear.) In a letter from the Governor to the Hudson's Bay Company, March 22, 1858, he trusts that H.M.'s Government would take measures to prevent crimes and prevent life and pro perty, or there would be ere lodg a long array of diffi culties to settle. " A large number of Americans had entered the territory, othei s were preparing to follow. On the Bth of May he states to the Colonial-office that 450 passengers, chiefly gold miners, had come from San Francisco ; that they all appeared well provided with mining tools ; there seemed to be no want of capital or intelligence among them ; that about 00 were British r Ti m :SI7N,, LONDON, FRIDAY E V EKING, JULY 9, subjects, about, an equal natnber Americans, the rest were chiefly Germans, with SOTTIO Frenchrien and Ita observe that he liens. And I have here the pleasure to s t a tes, that though there was a terr, p „ ar y scarcity of touches on the advantage t the trade of the island from food and a dearth of house acco rimodation, they wore re markably quiet and order ) :9 The Governor then the arrival of so large 1 1, , body of people ; but he adds significantly : " The interests of the empire may not be improved to the same extent by the accession of a foreign population whose sympathies aro decidly anti-British, From this point of view the question assumes an alarming aspect, and leads us to doubt the policy of permitting foreigners to enter the British territory ad libitain, without taking the oath of allegiance, or otherwise giving security to the Go vernment of the country," )3e states that— " The principal diggings at Frazer's and Thompson's Rivers at present will continue flooded for many months, and there is a great scarcity of food in the gold districts ; that the ill-provided adventurers who have gone there will exhaust their stock of provisions, and will probably re tire from the country till a more favourable season ; that on the dangerous rapids of the river a great number of ca noes have been dashed to pieces, the cargoes swept away, many of the adventurers swept into eternity— others, no thing daunted, pressing on to the goal of their wishes," He again, in a letter to the Hudson's Bay Company, re. peats nis fears : " How seriously the peace of the country may be endan. gered, in the event of the diggings proving unremunera tive, and the miners being reduced to poverty and desti tute of the necessaries of l►iTe." destitution—provisions dear and scanty, and the gold itself meagre in its produce, guarded by flooded rivers and jealous Indians, At present, whatever may be the riches of the discovery, it is fair not to forget the fact that California exported in the first eight months from the discovery of its mines 150,600 oz. of golddust, while the largest amount ascertained or conjectured from Frazer's River since 1856 is not more than 1,000 ounces. More rational, if less exciting, hopes of the importance of the colony rest upon its other resources, which I have described, and upon the influence of its magnificent geo graphical situation on the ripening grandeur of British North America. (Hear.) Ido believe that the day will come, and that many now present will live to see it, when, a portion at least ref the lands on the other side of the Rocky Mountains being also brought into colonisa tion and guarded by free institutions, one direct line of railway communication will unite the Pacific to the At lantic. Be that as it may, of one thing lam sure—that though at present it is the desire of gold which attracts to this colony its eager and impetuous founders, still, if it be reserved, as I hope, to add apermanent and flourish ing race to the great family of nations, it must be, not by the gold which the diggers may bring to light, but by the more gradual process of patient industry, in the culture of the soil, and in the exchange of commerce. (Hear, hear.) It mast be by the respect for the equal laws which secure to every man the power to retain what he may honestly acquire; it must be in those social virtues by which the fierce impulse of force is tamed into habitual energy, and avarice itself, amidst the strife of competition, finds its object best realized by steadfast emulation and prudent thrift. (Hear, hear.) I conclude, sir, with a humble trust that the Divine Disposer of all human events may afford the safeguard of His blessing to our attempt to add another commu nity of Christian freemen to those by which Great Bri tain confides the records of her empire, not to pyramids and obeisks, hub to states and commonwealths, whose history will be written in her language. (Cheers.) Mr. LABOUCHEEZE thought there could be no dif ference of opinion as to the propriety of taking steps to meet the wants which this bill was intended to supply, and to establish a settled form of government in that part of British North America to which circumstances were directing the steps of large bodies of men. While he held the seals of the Colonial-office he received infor mation of the probability of considerable gold discoveries being made, but lie thought it was premature to take steps to found a new settlement until those discoveries should have been confirmed. The information which had been received since showed that there was now a stream of adventurers setting in towards that part of the world, and therefore it was indispensable that some steos should be taken to establish a settled form of law. He thought the measure proposed by the right hon. baronet was judicious, and well calculated to effect its object. (Hear, hear.) It was a common but mistaken belief that the charter for exclusive trading granted to the Hudson's Bay Company precluded the Crown from taking any portion of those territories for colonization or settlement. The fact was, that in every license for ex clusive trading the Crown hat reserved to itself the power of resuming at pleasure any portion of the territory. (Hear, hear.) He would not enter upon the question of the propriety or the impropriety of renewing the license of the Hudson's Bay Company, as another opportunity would be afforded for discussing that matter, and the only question now before the House was how they could best assist the Government to establish colonial institutions in that country. Although be was as attached as any one could be to free institutions, yet, con sidering the nature of the population that would be ga thered together, he agreed with the right hon. baronet that it was best to provide a strong and settled govern. rnent with established laws at first. There was one cir cumstance which constituted the main danger of disorder, and that was the strong aversion which the Indians en tertained towards the Americans. It was a remarkable fact that, while on the northern side of the frontier, in the British possessions, there was perfect harmony and order between the white and the red men, there had been ou the other side of the frontier scenes of carnage and bloodshed which had generated a deadly hostility on the part of the Indians towards the Americans. Governor Dougl is, in the papers before the house, had referred to the feeling as likely to create difficulty. Under those circumstances he thought the house would agree that it was most im portant there should be a strong executive to control the Indians, end to prevent the white settlers from molesting them. The right hon. gentleman bad adverted to the soil and climate of the country, the excellence of which it was impossible to deny, and he (Hr. Labouchere) be lieved that in the course of tine Vancouver's Island and the adjacent territories were destined to be the homes of a large, industrious, and flourishing population. (Hear.) He might mention that before he left office notice was given to the Hudson's Bay Company that when the term of their present license expired the Crown would resume complete control over Vancouver's Island, and he was glad to find the right hon. baronet had taken the same view of the necessities of the case. He could not conclude without paying a humble tribute to the qualities of Go vernor Douglas. Throughout the correspondence which he had had with that gentleman he had been much struck with his good sense, ability, and sagacity, and he c ould not but think that we were very fortunate in having such a public servant to watch over our interests in Vancou ver's Island. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. baronet had very properly abstained from pronouncing any positive opinion as to the amount of gold which was likely to be found in that colony. The information hitherto had been very deficient on that point, but scientific per sons, who were qualified to give an opinion, had stated to him (fir. Laboucher,) that the geological formation of the country was extremely similar to that of Califor nia, and that they saw no reason why gold should not be found in very great quantities. Under these circum stances, it was certainly our duty to take such measures Qs the larcte nonnlation likely to congregate there ren dered nesessery. Its mu not !mow - way tee name of New Caledonia had been selected for this colony. (Hear, hear.) There was a large island in the neighbourhood of Australia belonging to Francs which bore that name already, and he thought it possible that some inconve nience and confusion might result from two colonies hav ing the same name. He believed that the provisions of the bill were well drawn, and ho should give his hearty support to the second reading. Mr. ROEBUCK said that the bill simply conferred the power of marring laws, but in the formation of a colony it was of the greatest . importance that the per sons who proceeded there should find themselves at once surrounded by law aad order. He suggested, therefore, that the first thing that should be done was to make a survey of come portion of the territory. There ought then to be a cede of laws established at once, and there ought to be an Executive with ample power to admini ster the laws. Tee right hon. baronet could not send out a Governor without sending soldiers to support him, for if he planted a Governor among a wild and vagabond population, the very score of society from California and other places, where they had been accustomed to Lynch - —Hine t tar , rawer of enforcing his wishes, he might as well not have truutLa neu,e •Aitlo t' , l-; hill. IT must send a Governor, therefore, and an armed force— for without, he would have no peace in the community. He knew the unpopular language that he was using, but he was speaking what ho believed to be the truth, (Hear.) To an ordinary colony we sent out persons who had been aceuetorned to law and order, and who could govern themselves ; but, with a population such as this, a militia, if it were created and uncontrolled, would be likely to turn its arms rather against law and order than in support of it. Allusion had been made to California, but that was a peculiar case. It was far from the ifTbited States, it was full of gold, and vagabonds from all parts of the globe very soon assembled there ; yet the re markable thing was that in a short time peace and order rei g ned in California, and that result had been produced by Lynch law. (A laugh,) Lynch law had been much misunderstood. It was the only law in that country, and it was a very beneficial institution. (Laughter.) He was really serious. The house might treat it as a good juke; but he was incapable of perpetrating a joke, or at all events, a good joke, upon any subject. Lynch law was a I sort of wild juAiee which the nature of the case cmni pulled the people to adopt. It had been adopted in Cali• fornia, and by means of it peace and order now reigned there. He did not wish to establish Lynch law in a British colony; but is order to prevent it civil law must be introduced, and that could only be done by the aid of a strong body of soldiers, the expense of which we must incur if we intended the colony to be successful. Something had been said with respect to the treatment of the Indians by the Americans ; I ut he warned the right loon. baronet against being influenced by any mock sen timentality about the Indian population, for he might depend upon it that be was about to establish a colony before which the Indian population would disappear. It was the inevitable consequence of the superior civi lization of the white man that the brown roan should disappear before him—that would be the case here. Canada, Upper and Lower, hardly contained au Indian, becauee it was now peopled by a civilised white popula tion. He knew somethieg of Canada, and ha spohe from personal knowledge when he said that the Indian popu lation there were like the wandering Gipsies of this country. They were disappearing fast from the face of nature. One might occasiocally sec a poor wretched being clothed in a dilapidated blanket, creeping along, degraded and miserable, and that was the Indian of Canada. That was what we were going to do in New Caledonia. were about to introduce civilization there. Before that civiLzetion the Indians must disappear, and the more rapidly the better. (Rear, hear.) Tide might seem harsh and cruel language ; but it was the language of truth. Tau absorption of the red man was an inevita ble consequence. It was not man's fault that it was so ; but wherever civilization advanced the red man retired. (Hear, hear) He had abstained from introducing any topic cennected with the Hudson's Bay Company into the dicuesion, and he had done so understanding that he was to hove me day on which that qaestion could be debated by the house. To show that it was imperatively nem:es:try that that subject should be considered without delay, he reminded the house that in May, 1859, the license by which the Hudsers'e Bay Company now held certain territory of the Rocky Mountains expired that it was necessary therefore to provide for the future, and that they could only du S) efficiently upon a thorough understanding of the ca,e. (Hear, hear.) The house was not yet thoroughly in possession of all the facts, and a night's discussion was needed for that purpose. Al though he contemplated depriving the Hudson's Bey Company of a castain portion of their territory, yet the right hen. member for Coventry might rest assured that he was anxious to deal with that corporation in the most liberal spirit. He hoped that the Government would look upon this question as one of imperial interest, and that they would contemplate the prospect €1 stretching the British dominion from the Atlantis to the Pacific, co as to create a counterpoise on that continent to a Po .ver which was now rising to an overwhelming impertancj. Mr. A. MILLS entirely agreed in the remarks made by the right hon. gentleman the late Colonial Secretary, as to the wisdom shown by the Government in reserv ing to themselves the power of fixing the time when representative institutions should be introduced into the colony, As to the designation of the colony, I should state that I have also seen private letters re- cently from San Francisco, giving an account of the extending excitement prevailing there, and of the num ber of Americans, of all other foreigners, and of the negroes preparing to start for Frazer's River. In one letter it is stated that 2,000 persons have already left, and 20,000 persons might leave before the end of the summer, if the news continued favourable ; but perhaps the news of the flooding of the waters may for a time re tard so copious an emigration. I think I have said enough to convince the house of the necessity of provid ing at once for the government of a country threatened by so many disturbing elements. (Hear.) Now, sir, the Crown of itself could, if it thought proper, make a co lony of this district. But the law officers decided, in the case of Vancouver's Island, that no Legislature can be established by the Crown, except an elective assembly and a nominative council, and considering the very im perfect elements for such a constitution at such a mo ment, considering the ordinary character of gold-diggers, considering that our information as yet is really so scanty that we are at a loss to constitute even a council of the moat limited number, I think that most gentle. men will agree that it would not be fair to the grand principle of free institutions to risk at once the experi ment of self-government among settlers so wild and mis cellaneous, and in a form of soeisty so crude. (Cheers.) This is not like colonies which have gone forth from these islands, and of which something is known of the character of the colonists. Neither is it like those colonies in which the first thought of the emigrants is the acquisi tion of land and the first care of the governor those divi sions of land which are the preliminary of representation. As yet the rush of the adventurers is not for land but gold, not for a permanent settlement but for a specula tive excursion. And, therefore, here the immediate ob ject is to establish temporary law and order amid a mot ley inundation of immigrant diggers, of whose ante cedents we are wholly ignorant, and of whom perhaps few, if any, have any intention to become resident colo nists and British subjects. But, where you cannot at once establish self-government, all sound political thinkers, all friends to that responsibility which is the element of freedom, will perhaps agree that the next best thing is to establish a Government which shall have as few checks as possible on its responsible functions, which shall possess unhampered what powers we can give it, to secure the respect for recognised authority ; which shall be clearly for a limited time, and with the avowed and unmistakeable intention of yielding its sway at the earliest possible period to those free institutions for which it prepares the way, and which it wiil always henceforth be the colonial policy of this country to effect. (Cheers.) I think that all complicated attempts to con struct half-and-half forms of government for such new societies are unsatisfactory. (Hear, hear.) They only serve to weaken the executive and to form an excuse for retarding the completion of popular systems. What, therefore, we propose to do is, to empower the Crown for the limited period of five years to make laws for the district by Orders in Council, and to establish a Legis lature, such Legislature to be, in the first instance, the Governor alone ; but with power to the Crown, by itself or through the Governor, to establish a nomi native council and a representative assembly. If, there fore, before the five years expire, there are the elements for a representative assembly, I cannot doubt that, whoever then may be the advisers of the Crown, a re presentative assembly will chest fully be given. (Hear.) Sir, there will be some, no doubt, who think the term of five years too short,—who think that the materials for popular self-government could not be matured at the end of that term, and that there would be many inconve niences in coming again to Parliament to renew the powers of the act. To these objections I have given the most respectful care, and I would submit that the larger proportion of the immigrants attracted by the gold fields will probably be Americans, accustomed to self government ; that, if you desire to keep them loyal and contented, you should give them the prospect, at the earliest possible period, of that form of government to which they are accustomed ; and that if you desire a strong government for the preservation of internal order, no government we can make without the aid of armies, is so strong as that where the whole society is enlisted in securing respect to the laws which it has the privilege to enact. and has no motive to rebel against the au thority is which it participates. Meer, near. Aim is, which is not impossible, the goldfields should prove a delusive speculation, and the principal settlers should be the steadier class of emigrants—perhaps our own coun trymen, who will rather cultivate the other resources of the land in its coalmines, timber, fisheries, and other agricultural produce—you may have at the end of five years a quiet and orderly population, well fitted for self-government. Therefore I think we had better fix the shortest term for the experiment, of a provisional Legislature. (Hear, hear.) With regard to VancCuver's Island, which has already a free constitution, we do not propose to annex that island to the new colony. In tact, if the goldfields should prove to be really productive, a very large population will rapidly spread over the neigh hourhood of the d angs, which it will be impossible to govern from the distance of several hundred miles at Van , ceuver ; while, if we extend our view to the natural des tinies of Vancouver as the great naval station to our only possession on the Pacific side of the whole of America —a station from which WO should carry on a trade with India, China, the Indian Archipelago, Australia—a trade now earrlel r , n exc'n-i, , ly by the Americans from Cali• fornia—l think we must allow Lua4 LA.!, ,;;JVernrn:::.t of the island would have enough to occupy its care and attention in developing the true interests and resources of that single colony. (Hear.) At the same time we propose to leave the question of annexation open to further experience, and the Act will empower the Crown to annex Vancouver to New Caledonia if the Legislature of the island intimate that desire by address to the Crown, under such terms and conditions as may be approved. Meanwhile, as the most pressing and imme diate care in this new colony will be to preserve peace between the natives and the foreigners at the gold dig gings, so there is nothing in the Act which impairs the prerogative of the Crown to permit the Governor of Van couver to administer also New Caledonia, should that be absolutely necessary, in the first instance ; j net as the Governor of the Cape, which has a free constitution, is also Governor of the Crown colony of British Ceffraria, holding separate commissions for each. Our object, in snort, has been, under our very imperfect information, and the uncertainty, as yet, of the value of the gold fields, to insure some immediate Government, and to leave to the Crown all discretional power, according to the advice it may receive and suited to the variation of circumstances. (Hear, hear.) I should add that it has been deemed necessary by the law advisers of the Crown to abolish in the proposed Act—as was done in the Act for Vancouver's Island by the advice of the Committee of Privy Council, in IS4B—the jurisdiction which the courts of Canatia claim over civil and criminal cases is this region. The Crown has power to appoint magis trates and constitute courts having a concurrent jurisdiction with Canadian courts up to a certain amount. The Canadian jurisdiction is a dead letter. and . though it has subsisted nominal) , for near'y 40 years it has never been put into execution, certainly not in the North-west territories. It is clear, however, that the concurrent jurisdiction would beattended with many practical inconveniences, Which, in creating a colony, it will be nee eisary to remove, .as we did remove them for Vancouver's Island. I have no w, sir, stated the sub stance of the bill I ask leave to introduce. I have shown I trust the necessity of an immediate measure to secure this promising and noble territory from becoming the scene of turbulent disorder, and to place over the fierce passions which spring from the hunger of gold the re straints of established law. It the machinery we propose is simple, it is because the society it suits is rude. But happily, in that new world, the true sense of the com mon interest is rapidly conceived, and the capacities of self-government no less rapidly developed. And pro bably even before the end of five years, to which I pro pace to limit the operation of this act, time materials for a popular representation may be found and the future destinies of this new-born settlement boldly intrusted to the vigorous movement of liberal institutions. It may be necessary to observe that, both as regards Vas couver's 'steed and this more extensive territory of New Caledonia, it is not intended over these colonised dis tricts to renew to the Hudson's Bay Company the licence of exclusive trade, which expires next year. The servants of the company will then have in those two colonies no privileges whatever apart from the rest of her Majesty's subjects there, and therefore I was glad to hear the Lon. and learned gentleman the member for Sheffield express his opinion that the present occasion was not a fitting opportunity for raising the question of which he had given notice, for it is desirable to keep any discussion upon this bill free from the snore angry elerneute wine, may be involved in the general question as to tire powers of th e Hudson's Bay Company, by virtue of its ohm ter, on the different district of Rupert's Land, on the eastern side of the Rocky Mouritains— (hear)—ques.lAls which the Lou. member for Sheffield will have a distinct opportunity to introduce. Sir, I have wished to keep my statement of the present value and ultimate importance of this new colouy clear from all the exaggerations which belong to the philesophy of conjec ture. I have carefuny abstained from over-colouring our imperfect knowledge as to the per nanent richness of the gold discoveries. Nothing could be more cruel to immi• grants and more dangerous to the peace of the settlement than to give undue favour to any extravagant expects. tions as to the produce of these goldfields. It is a terrible picture, that of thousands rushing to what is already called the New El Dorado, influenced by avarice and hope, and-finding not wealth, but disappointment and 1858, he certainly had thought, on seeing the Mille of the bill, that we were about to le g islate for the French island in the South Pacific. ile hoped that there would be no confusion about the matter, such as that which was said to have existed once, when a governor who had been sent out to a colony came home again and said he could not find it ? (A. laugh.) Mr. WILD begged to remind the right hon. baronet that this great question required his immediate atten tion. Not only would there be emigration to these colonies from California, but it would flow in from Canada, as these territories were only 47 days overland from dontreal. That emigration could not take that route without interfering with the territory of the Hud son's Bay Company. The hon. member for Sheffield bad talked of employing a large military force in these colo nies, but he would recall to his recollection what had happened in New South Wales when it was found im possible to keep troops there on account of the desertion of the men. The right hon. gentleman (Mr. Labou chere) had complained of the designation of the colony, but if he referred to Cox's Tour to the Rocky Moun tains, in 1831, it would be found that that territory was called New Caledonia. He congratulated the right hon. baronet on this good commencement of his Colonial ad ministration, and he would at the same time point out the desirability of making an alteration in the existing boundary, which had been found to be an inconvenient one. Mr. ELLTCE thought the bill well calculated to carry out the objects which the Colonial Secretary had in view. He begged the house, however, not to be led away by any notion of the facilities for colonising those territories. There were difficulties connected with it which did not exist in the cases of California and Aus- tralia. In the first place not a spade had been struck into the soil on the Frazer River. Toe country Was difficult of access ; it contained no provisions, and as the gold mines were situated at the confluence of the Frazer and Thompson Rivers they were 350 miles from the coast, and the emigrant population would have not only to find the means of transit, but must carry pro visions with them for their support by the way. This country was different from the other gold coun tries. California was a settled country, rich in corn and other provisions; and in Australia our colonists had prepared the way for emigrant. He agreed with the hon. member for Sheffield, that you ought not to establish these colonies without adequate means for protecting the settlers. You must administer justice. You could not expect that there would be no crime, and how could justice be administered without the executive being such a force as was necessary for that purpose l Those ware questions of difficulty and importance, and he hoped the house would not be led away by the notion that we were about to establish a colony at the mouth of the Frazer River which could at once support itself. The plan of the right hon, baronet was the best that could be adopted at present. He believed the man most fitted to carry it out was Governor Douglas. With re gard to the native Indians in Vancouver's Island and the adjacent coast, they were numerous and tolerably well armed,• and they had attacked trading ships on several occasions. Governor Douglas by his good management had, however, maintained his colony with out any quarrel or dispute with them. But there could be no such management in the interior when the emi grants first went to the gold regions, and it was neces sary to make some provision in that respect. He argued that the matter ci7uld be left in no better hands than those of Governor Douglas. The hon. member for Sheffield had given good advice when he said, that what ever instructions you gave the governor they ought to be accompanied by laws and ordinances, which would enable him to carry out his government in the first in stance. The governor ought to be instructed on what terms his proclamation should be issued, and what pro tection he should hold out to persons going into the in terior. It was expedient that the Government should in all these matters give the most specific details to the governor. (Hear) Whatever policy might be adopted with respect to the Hudson's Bay Company, he could assure the house that no obstacle would be raised by that company to a fair add just settlement. So far from setting up any extreme rights, the directors would be happy, for the sake of the interests of the shareholders, to render their best assistance to the Government and the public in carrying into effect that which would be most for the general benefit. The company desired to be treated fairly, as the East India Company had been treated, and could not be expected to surrender their rights without some indemnity. (Hear, hear.) Mr. CHRISTY congratulated the right hon, baronet on the introduction of a bill which was tne first step to wards putting an end to a large slice of the monopoly enjoyed by the Hudson's Bay Company. This commit tee was the subject of discussion ten years ago, when he called the attention of the house to the inexpediency of giving over an island of such importance to the com pany. During the last session a committee was ap pointed to consider the whole question preparatory to the granting, as he had feared, the exe,',usive right of trading over such a vast extent of country, but be sup posed the bill would have the effect ftf settling that mat ter, and he thought there could not be a more conclusive argument against the iinpolicy of granting such a too nopoly, than the necessity which had arieen for pl , icing the government of the island under the direction of the Crown. (Hear, hear.) Although Governor 'Douglas might be skilful in managing the Indians, it aliould not be forgotten that he was the factor of the company, and instead of governing with a view to induce emigrants to go to the island, the government appeared to be exer cised in a mahner which drove emigrants away. Ile thought it most important that the question respecting the Hudson's Bay Company should be ,ully discussed during the present session, in order that the fteling of the house and the Government might be ascertained with respect to the renewal of the charter. (Elmer.) He approved of the bill as a whole ? but entertained some 0uj..,..u5.. L. Luc geugrapuseam urrangemeeb propuseu, arid intem'ed at a future stage of the measure to suggest a somewhat different boundary from that proposed by the right hon. baronet. He was far from thinking it would not he politic to confine the operations of the Hudson's Bey Company to the tune northern districts, which might be allowed to remain under their govern ment with less disadvantage to settlers, but as that peas tion would be discussed hereafter, he would not further revert to it. He could not help remarking that it was rather curious that when the committee were sitting last year no information was given them resr e ectin,,,e the discovery of gold, although it appeared fmin the docu ' meats on the table that the discovery had been made two years ago. (Hear.) _ Lord SA.NDON said that when the, license was granted to the Hudson's Bay Company, t'ae Govermmeut fixed the price of land at li. per eery. It appeared from the evidence adduced before the committee that that high price had prevented coloniKation from being carried on to any great extent, and . he wished to suggest that in making the proposed. change the Government should consider what the most inviting price of land should be. (Hear.) Mr. LO r ;VE thought the present the proper time for the jut—due —a:. •••.: "f this riss , -;reiree brit we.a not at all sanguine as to the success or tee eeroa l , because it seemed to him that the first thing that must happen would be some terrible collision between the whites and the Indians, which it would not be in the power of any one to prevent. The sending out of a frigate would not be sufficient, and it would be neces sary to have on the spot a force capable of maintaining order. (Hear.) He trusted that the right hon. baronet would take into consideration the suggestion which had been thrown out respecting the price of land. If the island was not intended to become the residence of a barbarous population, means must be taken to fix the land at such a price as it could be obtained for in the neighbouring countries. (Hear.) The bill proposed that her Majesty should be empowered by order in council to make laws for the colony, or delegate the power to the governor. Now he would suggest to the right hon. baronet the propriety of following the prece dent which had been adopted with respect to other colonies, by inserting in the act a clause providing that so much of the laws of •England as could be applied to the colony sh ou ld be enforced, and that the Government should he left to supplement those laws. (Hear.) He thought it would by much better for the law to go to the colony direct from Parliament. With regard - to the tame of the new colony he thought it somewhat objec tionable. When there was a district near Melbourne called Caledonia, and one on the eastern coast of New Holland called New Caledonia, he regretted that the right hon. gentleman should have adopted a name also borne by a French island in the Pacific. Mr. J. WHITE thought the objections which had been urged with respect to the name of the colony ought to induce the Government to adopt a better and more appropriate one. Why nut follow the course which in many cases had been pursued by the United States, and fix upon some ahotigioal name (Hear, hear.) He wished to urge on the Government moat earnestly the expe diency of fixing the land tenure on a reasonable basis, and adopting the system laid down by the United States, which gave to the settlers the right of pre-emption. He was surprised that the right hon. baronet had not made more mention of Vaucouver's Island, the importance of which could not be exaggerated. He had heard Ameri cans declare that they would be content to give Califor nia for that island. Now, looking to the future, and the domination which the Americans must exercise over China and Japan, he was not surprised that they at tached so much importance to Vancouver's Island; and if he thought the foundation of the new colony would be productive of a quarrel between the two countries, he should almost be inclined to accede to the proposition which the Americans were ready to make—namely, the offer of a large sum for that island. (No, no.) He thought the colony ought to be made as much as possible a self sustaining colony, and trusted that the expenditure would be established on such a scale that the colonists would have no difficulty in paying it. (Hear.) In con• elusion, he would suggest that if no proper aboriginal name could be found for the new coloey it should be called Buleer Lytton. Mr. CROSSLEY, as au instance of the inconvenience arising from different places bearing the same name, stated that a letter, containing a large number of bank notes, posted at Plymouth, and directed to " 'Messrs. Crossley, Halifax," bearing no postage stamp, was for warded to Nova Scotia, and then• sent back to this country, marked " try Halifax, England." (Laughter.) He trusted that some more distinctive name would be fixed upon for the new colony. (Hear, hear.) With re gard to the price of the land, he thought it most unwise to fix the price at 11. per' acre, when excellent land in the United States, sunning close up to railways, could be bought at a dollar and a quarter per acre. Mr.,C, W. FITZ WILLIANI said it was the practice of the Hudson's Bay Company, when a person began to trade in the natural products of the country, to outbid him. He thought that some survey of the country ought to be made —not Such as was made for England, but such a survey as was required for practical purposes. As regarded'the proper person fo: governor, the right hon. member for Coventry had endeavoured to impress upon the Secretary for the Colonies the value of Mr. Douglas's services aelt govertior. • Mr. Douglas might be the best governor that ever was created, but at present he was totally unfitted: He was the agent of the Hudson's Bay Company, and endeavoured to put down everybody who attempted to trade. Fcr his own part, knowing some thing of Mr. Douglas, he should say he was a very in competent man to be a governor. Mr. Douglas had never had to deal with white men, but always bad deal with the Indians, and his idea was that the law of might was the law of right. The sort of men who had come to this colony were those who had left the States because they were too hot to hold them. They required gentle treatment, and it would not do to rub their hair the wrong way. The bill was then read a second time and ordered to be committed on Monday. POLICE FORCE (IRELAND) BILL. Lord NAAS moved the second reading of this bill. He briefly explained some of the details of the measure, respecting which he observed many misstatements had obtained currency in Dublin. Themeasure was intended to amalgamate the civic police and county constabulary throughout Ireland. It would accomplish considerable economy in the local expenditure, and bad been received with general approbation in every Irish town and city with the'solitary exception of Dublin. Mr. P. O'BRIEN opposed the bill, and moved as an amendment that the second reading should be deferred for three months. It was, he declared, an essentially Orange arrangement, and in Ireland would Ise carried out in that sense- On a divisian there appeared— For the second reading..., For the amendment Majoril The discussion was, however, renewed on the quebti )n that the bill should be ordered to be committed. Mr. Cogan, Mr. Bowyer, Mr. P. O'Brien, Mr. Grogan, Mr. J. 0. Fitzgerald, Mr. Whiteside, and Sergeant Deasy having addressed the house, Mr. MAGUIRE moved the adjournment of the de- bate. After further discussion, carried to some length, and in which many personalities were infused, this motion was agreed to without a division, and the debate stood adjourned. The Sale and Transfer of Land (Ireland) Bill was con sidered and amended in the committee, and ordered to stand for third reading this day. The Titles of Land (Scotland) Bill, and the Lunatics (Scotland) Bill were read a third time. On the amendments to the Medical Practitioners Bill being considered. Mr. HADFIELD moved the following addition to clause 45, " And shall be free from all stamp duty, in case the existing stamp duty shall have been already paid on the diplema, and by such physician from the College of Physicians to which he belongs." Mr. G. HAMILTON opposed the amendment, upon which the house divided, when the numbers were — For the amendment Against it 4O Majority —24 The amendments were then agreed to, and the third reading fixed for this day. Mr. ALCOCK obtained leave to bring in a bill for the voluntary commutation of church rates. General PEEL obtained leave to bring in a bill to suspend the making of lists and the ballots for the militia of the United Kingdom, and also for a select committee to propose estimates of the charge of the disembodied militia of Great Britain and Ireland. Lord NAAS obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the law relating to rateable property. Mr. COLLINS obtained leave to bring in a bill to enable the Speaker, during the prorogation and ad journment of Parliament, to issue a new writ in cases of vacancies. Mr. HENLEY obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the laws relating to cheap trains, and to re strain the exercise of certain powers by canal and railway companies. The house then adjourned at two o'clock. THE ROCKY M:JUIVTAINS. Destiny, which has lately riveted our attention on the burning plains of the extreme East, now claims our solicitude for the auriferous mountains and rushing livers of the far West and the shores of the remote Pacific. What must of us know of these ultra-occidental regions may ho summed up in a very few words. We have most of us read Washington Irving's charming narrative of Astoria, sympathisrd with the untimely fate of Captain Thorn and his crew, and read with breathless in terest the wanderings of the pilgrims to the head watere, of the Columbia. After thirty years the cur tain rises again on the stormy period of the Ash burton Treaty, when the " patriots " were bent upon " whipping the Britishers" out of every acre ot land on the western side of the Rocky Moun tains. And now for the third time we are recalled to the same territory, no longer as the goal of the adventurous trader or the battle-ground of the political agitator, but as a land ot promise—a new la Dorado, to which men are rushing with all the avidity that the presence of the one thing which all men in all times and in all places insatiably de sire is sure to create. The Parliamentary paper circulated yesterday morning, and the able epitome of it given in the speech of the Secretary of State for the Colonies in the House of Commons last night, dispelled to a considerable extent the obscurity which hung over this portion of the American coneinent, and which tttn rcaana 4.6... A.. nrirn►:-.•• of last year had only partially removed. The terri tories of the Hudson's Bay Company may, for the purpose of understanding the arrangements now in progress, be divided into three parts—the ter ritory to the east of the Rocky Mountains, held principally under charter from the Crown ; the territory to the west of the Rocky Mountains, held under a license for exclusive trade, granted under an act of Parliament • and Vancouver's Island, handed over to the Hudson's Bay Com pany during the colonial administration of Lord Grey. The Company proved, as might Lave been expected, better fur-traders than colonists. The settlement languished under their auspices ; they are accused of overbearing private trade by the weight of an irresistible competition ; the price of their land, too, was unreasonably high, having been fixed by act of Parliament at if. an acre, in pursuance of the colonial policy of the day ; the resources of the island were not developed, nor did its population materially increase. The Committee of last year therefore recommended that Vancouver's Island should be taken from the Hud ,0.1,, p,", Company, and formed into a separate colony ; isuu ineaeuiea ;“) presume, be immediately taken to carry that decision into effect. Mr. Roebuck has given notice that he will on a future evening call the attention of the house to the case of the Hudson's Bay territories east of the Rocky Mountains. A deputation has waited on Lord Derby, pressing upon him the necessity of taking these territories also from the Hudson's B a y Company, and Lord Derby has expressed his general concurrence with the views of the deputation ; but no immediate action is to be expected, and we may therefore await with patience the result of the threatened Parliamentary dis cussion. The fate, however, of the district which lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific has just been decided by the Government and the House of Commons. It is to enter into the list of British colonioa under the euphonous, but not novel title of New Caledonia. It is a wild and mountainous land, intersected with deep ravines and rivers fed from the inexhaustible moisture that rolls down the sides of the Rocky Mountains, having very little level ground, but a healthy and temperate climate. Two of these rivers, the Fraser and the Thompson, the names of which recall the native land of the traders of the Hudson's Bay Company, the first flowing from the north, the second from the east, unite at about 330 miles from the sea, and it is at their junction that the golden deposits which have so suddenly dragged this obscure region into notoriety are found. The approach to this point is described as exceedingly difficult and even dangerous, and many persons have already perished in the river in pursuit of the wealth which has been discovered on its banks. The Indians are numerous and warlike, quite aware of the value of the gold, and firmly deter mined, if possible, to keep it for themselves. They are described by the few millets who straggled to the spot last year, as abstaining from acts of violence and bloodshed, but as keeping a vigilant watch on the motions of their unwelcome visitors, and, whenever they find that they have broken ground, as quietly hustling them away from the place, and confiscatieg the mine to their own use and benefit. This year, however, matters look more serious. A large emigration of persons trained in the rough school of California has set forth. They carry with them their tools and the necessaries of life, for there is no food in the land whither they go. The Indians regard them with suspicion and hatred, and there is reason to ap prehend a collision between the savages and these outcasts of civilization, which can hardly be ex pected to terminate without bloodshed. These are the facts under which the Colonial Minister is called upon to act, and be has intro• dueed a BM for the purpose of dealing with them which pro'esses to give law, order, go:;d government, and protection to life and property. This is very welt as far as law-making goes, but it was pointed out by more than one speaker that for the preservation of law and order something more than an Act of Parliament is necessary, and that, in fact, no time should be lost in despatching a re spectable force to the place. So far from regarding suet an event as a piece of good fortune, worthy of the glowing periods in which the Colonial Mini ster celebrated the future of his infant colony, we regard Such a state of things as exceedingly unto ward. We could well have afforded to await until the wave of population, flowing steadily onward from the South-east, had peopled these solitary valleys with a race capable of governing themselves and of supplying a police adequate for their own wants. The gold will probably enrich the adven turers who'dig it up, but will contribute but little to the support of the Government in whose land it is found ; while the rude and turbulent habits of the miners call upon us to detach a force which at the present moment we can but ill spare, and to enter into expenses which even a Chancellor of the Exchequer who has, like Mr. Disraeli, discbvered the philosopher's stone, would very gladly avoid. Nor can we join the Colonial Secretary in his wish, which had in it more of poetry than statesman ship, that the colony may not be enriched by the gold. We would gladly have dispensed with its presence, but, as it has come, we. must make the best of it, and seek, by settling the population on the land, to avoid a situation similar to that of the Australian Colonies, where the human tide flows out almost as fast as it flows in, and deprives th• land of the riches which men have come there to gather, but carry elsewhere to invest and.lto enjoy. We do not believe that those who have had of late years full experience of the blessings of local self-government in California will be at all un willing to enjoy that particular species of liberty which assumes the form of enlightened despotism. To work in peace and to enjoy the fruits of their labour will be to them a condition of life equally new and precious, and we should imagine it would take some years before they will recowe i taste enough for a democratic Government seriously to disturb the paternal sway of Mr. James Douglas.— Country Markets. MA.NOFIESTER ---JuLy 8. There was a good attendance at our market this morn ing, but owing to the high prices demanded by holders the business passing was very restricted. English wheat, in the sales effected, was held for an advance of fully 24 per qr., and !d to 3d per 701bs. on foreign, since this day iannight. Flour also improved is to 2s per sack, with a slow sale. Oatmeal neglected. Oats met rather more inquiry at extreme rates. Beans, peas, Indian corn, and barley each is per qr. dearer. LOUTII-JuLY 7. We have again to report a dull market for all descrip tions of grain, and the few who were compelled to buy had to give an advance of is to 2s for wheat; other sorts rather higher. Wheat, red, 39s to 43s ; mired, —a ; white, 48e; barley 328 to 36s ; oat, 24s to 27a ; beans, 40s to 445. BOSTON—Jura 7. There was a moderate supply of wheat, and very high prices were demanded by the growers, the few sales being at is to 2s higher. In spring corn little or nothing doing. Prices :—Wheat, red, 39s Ud to 4tis Od; new, —s to —s ; white, 44s Od to 45s Od; extra, 50s. Barley, 28s Od to 33s Od. Oats 21s to 30s. Peas, 40, to 42s Ud. Beans, 42s Od to 44s Od per qr. NEWARK-JULY 7. At our Corn Exchange to-day there was a good attend• ance of farmers and a large show of grain. Wheat ad• vancod 2s per qr. Other articles as before. Wheat, white 41a to 495, red 43s to 455; barley, malting 33s to 345, grinding 33s to 345; oats, 12st- 32s to 345, list, 26s to 28s ; beans, 45s to 47s ; malt, 64s to 72s ; peas, 40s to 428 ; tares, —s to —a per qr. GLASGOW-JrLT 7. At this day's market there was less activity, transac• tions being confined more to retail buyers at the advance of fid to is per boll on wheat, and 6d to is per barrel and sack on flour. Oats and oatmeal held firmly at full rates. Higher prices were required for barley, beans, and Indian corn, but few sales transpired ; peas as bafore. EDINBURGH GRAIN.-JULY 7. _ . A full average supply of grain to-day. Sales reidy and prices considerably better. Wheat, on the top, 2s 6d up, and on the average is ld up. Barley, 3s 3d up on the top, and 2s 8d up on the average. Oats on the top were Os 3d down and on the average 8.3 Od up. Beans on the top is Od up, and on the average la„ . Bd up. AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat L 2 2 11 1-12th. Do. new -12ths. Barley 1 8 6 0-12ths. Oats 1 8 3 10-12ths. Beans -12ths. Total Supply and Sales. . Wheat 1465 qrs sold 1235 qrs Barley 314 qrs sold 210 qrs Oats 934 qrs sold 761 qrs Beans 77 qrs sold 72 qrs DERBY SMITHFIELD.—JuLt 6. The following were the quotations :—Beef, 43 to 6ia ; mutton, 61 to al ; lamb, 8d to BAI ; veal, 6d tc peX lb. ; pork, 5d to —d per lb ; rough fat, 4s to 01 per 141 b. ; hides, 20 to Rd per lb ; calf-skins, 4d to 6d per lb. LOCAL SHARE MARKET 4. LIVE RPOOL,.TULT 7. STOCK EXCHANGE—The market has boon very inactive to-day, hat closed firm. Closing prices :—Dovers, 201.1 —London and North-Western, 89 f,--Sheffield, 36j Chesterand Holyhead, 17 s—Eastern Counties, 12 1-1 f-- Midland, 91 I—North British, 114 12—Birkenheads, —Groat Western, 45 : ', 50—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 90 - Great Western of Canada, 171- Blackburns, 11/ Borwicks, 221 a—East Lancashire, 90 I—Caledoniang, 36i 7—Leeds Northern, 23i 3 -Dutch Rhenish, 5 3-16 1-16 dis.—York and North Midland, 35/ i—Grazd Truck of Canada, 10i I. MA.NCHESTER. JULY 7. to-day, and prices gave way Mgt% w rareTrea l— ns - ' 1 14 .22--- Dovers, 20A—Leeds, 901—Midlands, 91—Trunks, 101 Sheffields, 361.—Eastern Counties, o—Union Bank, 1 EN —Bank of Manchester, pm. BIRMINGHAM, JULY 8. STOCK EXCHANGE. —There was an improvement in the market here to-day, but business was limited. Londons, 89 894—South Staffords, 10A—Great Westerns, 49A --Mid lands, 91. MADAME PALESIKOFE.—The awful death of Madame Palesikoff, one of the most charming -among all that bevy of charming Russian ladies who sometimes gladden the winters of Paris, has created a terrible shock amongst the circles she so lately embellished by her presence. The unhappy lady left Paris but a short time ago, on a summer tour to Germany. While stepping from the door of the Opera-house, at Berlin, to gain her carriage, she let fall one of her bracelets close to the pavement. Stooping to pick it up, she noticed at the time, laugh ingly, that " one of the horses belonging to a carriage standing at hand had dropped his head so close to her face that he had touched her, and left a moist kiss upon her cheek." In a few days the unfortunate lady was takes ill with that most horrible disease glanders, and in a feW days more breathed her last, in spite of the attendance of the first physicians of Rerlin, and every resource to be obtained by wealth, or by tUo caulode vigilance 4f friends. —Court .Tournal. [AnveuTisnmeNr].—Nothing can be more interesting than the numerous extraordinary cures without medicine •of Indi gestion (Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Constipation, Nervous, Bill. ous, and Liver complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption, and Debility effected by Du Barry's delicious Health-Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food. We give a few.—Winchester, De cember 3d, 1847. Gentlemen,—l am happy to be able to inform you that the person for whom your Revaleuta was procured has derived a very great benefit from its use ; dis tressing symptoms of Dropsy, Dyspepsia, and Constipation of long standing have been removed, and a feeling of restored health induced. Having witnessed the . beneficial effects in the above mentioned-case I can with confidence recom mend it, dm. JAMES SHORLAND, late Surgeon, 96th Regiment. 65, Piccadilly, London, Bth Nov., 1847. —Gentlemen,—Hav ing been for a long time a great sufferer from piles and severe constipation of the bowels, I commenced taking, about three weeks ago, Du Barry's " Revalenta Arabica" twice a day. The result induces me herewith t express my unbounded gratitude. My bowels and stomach begin to remind me of what I was years ago ; in fact, I am fast approaching com plete restoration to the enjoyment of.functious without which life is but a painful burden. No medicine has ever done me the good I have derived from the " R.evalenta." Digestion Las, in Any case, began anew, With thanks, &c., Wht. PArcums. Supported by testimonials from the following celebrated Pro• fossurs of Chemistry: Dr. A. Ure; Dr. Shorland; Dr. Harvey; Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer; Dr. Ingram ; Lord Stuart de Decies; the Dowager Countess of Castlestuart; Major Can. Thomas King, and many other respectable per sons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed, Suitably packed with full instrue• tions, In canisters, 11b. 2s, 9d.; 21,b. 4s. 6d.; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 225. The 121 b canisters are sent cartlage free on re• ceipt of Post-office order. Barry Du Barry, and Co,, 77 Regent-street, London. Important Caution against the fear ful dangers of spurious imitations.—The Vice-Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an Injunction OR the 10th March, 1854, against Alfred Hooper Nevill for imitating "Da Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food," BIRTHS. BASSET —On the 7th inst., at 2, Leinster-gardons, Hyde• park, the wife of George Barnet, Esq., of a son. Cnuscuir,t , —On the Bth inst., at 29, Sussex-square, the wife of Charles Churchill, Eq.., of a daughter. DA.WE3—Ou the 7th hist., at Blackheath, the wife of George Dawes, Esq., of a son. GROVE—Oa t Gth inst., at Bathwick, the wife of Limit.- Colonel Grove, of a son. M A It RIAGES. DUNKLEY—DODDEMEADE —Oll the Bth inst., at St. George's, Hanover-square, Mr. George Joseph Duakley, eldest son of Mr. G. Dunkley, of the License office, Somerset-house, to Louisa Sophia, third daughter of Mr. Charles Dodde meade, of Newington-causeway. WESTON—DAKEYNE —On the 7th inst., at East Bridgeford Church, Nottinghamshire, William Weston, second bon of Ambrose Weston, Esq., of Lincoln's-inn, barrister-at-law, to Miry Isabelle, younger daughter of the late Fleury G. Dakeyue, Esq. • DEATHS. ACKLAND—On the 6th inst., at Boulston, Pembrokeshire, Frederick Ackland, Esq., C.E., third son of the late R. I. Esq., of Boulston, aged 29. —• • - Ackland, CORBETT—Ou the 6th inst., at Sydney Cottage, Reading, Bergs, William Corbett, Esg., late of Somerset House, ag,d 76. - - - DETTMAR- On the 7th inst., at 36, Su3sex-garden?, Hyde- Wife of Montagu e Dettmar, Esq., Captain 3d. Hyde park, I Light be' Dragoons, l of Beech Lodge, Mariow, and daughter of the late John Gore, Esq., of Hartz Woodford. GOODEVE—On the 6th inst., at Gosport, deeply lamented, Lydia, widow of the late Joseph Goodeve, Esq., of the same place, aged f 9. MACDONALD -On the 7th inet., at 14, South Audley-street, after a few hours' GodfreY Alan, youngest son of Lord and Lady Macdonald. LONDON: Printed and Published by MWU)O YOUNt. • of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sins Office, No, U 2, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the ennui)? of Aliddlesoz, FriklAy, July 9,185 S. . CO' INDTA ( SPECIAL GEN] their house in L at Eleven o'cloel of East India Stc " To the CI " We: ile — tf — n . Qualified by law, venlenee a Speci taking into consi for the better Go " 7th July, 18! GREAr, WINDSI Days at 8.45 and Sundays, from P TAP LOW and at 9 a.m., return' HENLEY and at 8.55 p.m. ripHE DI - —To the and near the BA cently adopted b to the Brain4ce c Meeting should b al affecting the It the Banks of the vent the adoption for the London S Interests. The CommittPi t ember. 1856 (co of Gravesend Sit 'with Erith 'and I others interested Public Meeting of London -Bridge, c In the Afternoo n Int erest in th e requested. Pr 4 July, m5ll. A DELAE -strand.— until further notti by Mons. Lam( Leader, Charles 1 °‘ -' l 4 r s l I - - 1 ' i t l i Tn l Unable to gain ad they have now tr comfort to their , turday Morning 35.; Area The Patrons of for their Provinc FATIII PHYSIC] Portant subject d Market), at Four nR. KAHN'S MARRIAGE, tc( receipt of twelve TELE SW: ST. JAM the honour to app their national cost Live a Series of 1 above hall, assis and the Mr. Georze Lodei !very Evening di r ontlances Mende bored), 35.; nnr the principal nut N.B. The prograi ALtIAMI (The bee WA.LLETT'i Cl nary and BriMani and Gymnsstic General Havelock Performances da Evening at 8 o'cli Private Boxes Pit, Is. ; Geier. No fees for bookin Under th B enedict, db ß entoilar: Y it.Re:A S its:N T :Etr ,s A rht.:Fv l l artistes have alrei lild Madame Ga , doable l irst violins, 4 b li " 4 " ard ( : tlllau profession. 1 comber 800 you aZtriSLof the cor a ' slant , 4W.121-1;:781 1, a1V1-------"------"ruledNeNrrlt-::::::.:11Ple414.:412:1124e4c°1:81111(7'.1' 1 1: s :—,etSr:11° t retetries h r:kell e G•ellili t eSeQ2ti : 0.11 6 fo No. llB, No for th ...antlee, IT % 144 gentl e°n tair __ ernen with 41. C0);T, h„ . t The, wh ole !_,e "cra kes. vi z. The City Tiepo The-ad dresses i jo urnals of the t ----.----___ "VI L E T R BURnine. ondon, i. OVIS on advanta . 8 1 13 . Policies I t..._lired Within "'mg deducted 11 INTERN, u „_, SO IZT Z s ed I 137 0 .—PaIY been and stil .'ultelei of assun eurring Within 1 annual premium the death be gi Of grace. THE tr aPowerel by VIVORS EDMO/ .7 0 1. Ktmwoi ute King. aohn mots() P rofessor WI • IreSt li d• Greg The next Q 118 7. 1860. Policy taken A Rt " The foil ` owinnational Life Tbe Society V., 0-thirde thef earn. AL. subsert. its tnvestm to one hundre Its annual i The numbe About one 1 iltuee its col Ot three huncii For prosper man, 142, SO 14$ Strand Ins lan 1 845 1 84$ Ns! W.B.