The Sun. — London, England, 1860-01-16 00:00:00

BENSON'S WATCHES.' " Perfection of mechanism."• —Morning Post. Gold Watches 4 to 100 guineas. Silver Watches 33 and 31, Ludgate-hill, London, E.C. Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet on Watches R 0 Y A I, ENGLISH OPERA COVENT-GA It DEN. Under the management of Miss L. Fyne and Mr.Vir. Harrison. THIS EVENING, VCTORINE. Messrs. Santley, H. Haizh, H. Ccrri, - G. Hon I y, Walworth, &c. Misses Parepa, Thirlwall. Cond actor, Alfred Mellon. To conclude with the new 9,-rand pantomime, called PUSS IN BOOTS ; or, Harlequin and the Fairy of the Golden Palms. Doors open at half -past o—Commence at 10 minutes to 7. T HEA TICE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Tiff'. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, the comedy of THE EVIL GENIUS. miss Iteyno!ds. VALENTINESch, the new Haymarket Comic Christmas Panto mime, DAY; or, llarlequin and the Fairy of the True Lovers' Knot. The pantomimists the unrivalled Leclereqs . THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM.- So!e Lessee and Directress, Madame Celeste. Re-enErwement of the Spanish Dancers. THIS EVENING, the popular Drama of ST. MARY'S EVE. Madeline (heitoriginal character) Madame Celeste. After which, will be produced a new Grand Christmas Ex travacranza and Pantomime, ICING THRUSEIBEA.RD, the 'Arm NI PET and the GREAT PASSION. Clown, Mr. H. Marshall—Columbine, Miss Rosino. Commence at Y. ROYA L PRINCESS'S THEATRE. - Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. Re-engagement of the Wonderful Danc?r, Mons. Espinosa. First appearance of Mdlle. Marietta Rosetta, Principal Dan seuse of La Scala, Milan ; and first time of the Delapierre Family. These highly-talented Children will appear every night. The Royal Princess's Rifles on parade every evening. THIS EVENING, TIIE CRICKET ON THE -HEARTH. After which, a new Christmas burlesque pantomime, by 11. J. Bron, ca lled JACK THE GIANT KILLER ; or, Harle quiny King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Jack, Miss Louise Keeley—Harlequin, Mr. Cormack Panta loon, Mr. Paulo—Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams— Clown, Mr. A. F. Forrest. NEW THEATRE - ROYAIJ, ADELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager. Mr. 13enj. Webster. Reproduction of THE DEAD HEART, with all its power tul effects. THIS EVENING, TIIE DEAD HEART. Messrs. B.' Webster, J. L. Toole, David Fisher, P. Bedford, C. J. Smith, Billington, Powell, Romer, Miss Woolgar, K. Kelly. After which 'TIE NYMPHS OF THE LURLEYBERG ; Or, The Knight and the Naiades. Messrs. Toole, Bedford, Ebnrne, Smith, Powell, Romer, Miss Woolgar, C. Webb, K. Kelly, Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- Moe open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of this establishment are strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. On Wednesday, Jan. 18, the Theatre will be Closed, in Consequence of the Company performing at the 'loyal Thea tricals, Windsor Castle. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West minster, the Park being - open to carriages and foot passen gers all hours of the night. T TITS ETENI NG the nerforrnances will commence with PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. After which, MAGIC TOYS, supportA by Miss Lydia Thompson, Clara St. Casse, &c. Followed by a new sketch, A HOUSEHOLD FAIRY. Miss Wyndham and Mr. 11. T. Craven. To conclude with the new pantomime of PUNCH AND JUDY. Introducing Miss Lydia Thompson and the Corps de Ballet. Clown, Harlequin, Columbine, and Pantaloon, and the wonderful Performing Dogs. - Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d; Pit, Is. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six; perform ance commences at 7. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE Westminster-road. The Last Five Weeks of Mr. Cook,i‘.'s Season. THIS EVENING, the New Spectacular Drama by Mr. R. Phillips, THE WARRIOR'S CAREER, with full stud of Horses and great effects.—Scenes in the Circle by Astley's world-renowned Equstrians, terminating with the Eques trian, Oporaiical, and Comic Pantomime of HARLEQUIN TOM MOODY ; or, Old Towler thelluntsman and the God dess Diana ; Diana, with Songs, Miss Jacobs.—Costly and dazzling Transformation Scene.—harlequin, M. Richarde ; Columbine, Mdlle. 31azoni ; Clown, 31. Hilderbrandt ; Pan taloon, Mr. P. Abbot - A family of Sprites - Epsom Races by Living JockleA and mal Ponies, with ring and Stage com bined—Performing Elephant, Dogs and Monkeys, and the Great Salamander War Horse enveloped by real fire. Commence at 7. ---- Notice.—The Grand Day performances, at Two o'clock, will take place on Saturday, Jan. 21 and 28, and Saturday, Feb. 4 and 11. Mr. Cooke respectfully intimates his Farewell Benefit will take place on Monday. Jan. 30. CANTERBUR Y HALL CONCERTS.- EVERY EVENDTG. Sterndale Bennett's MAY QUEEN. And a Grand Selection from Meyerbeer's new opera of DINORAII. - Comic Vocalists —Messrs. Georme 'Tolson (the Trish Come dian and Mimic), W. 'l'. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney. Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite ot Halls have been re-decorated and beautified, and constitute one ot the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. ROSA. BONIT S celebrated PICTURE of the 'HORSE FA I R is now added to the already magnificent Collection of Paintings in the Canterbury Hall Fine Arts Gallery. The gallery is oped from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, J.k.N, 15, 1860, THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE, 49—highest since noon yesterday. 47—Lowest this morning and during the night. 49--this It) , at noon. BARomETen-29.89; Wisp, South-Westerly ; fresh, with continuous drizzling rain and dirty weather. The rain lasted for about twenty hours, and the streets were one slush. JAN. 16. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 52—highest since noon yesterday. 40—lowest this morning and during the night. 45 —this day at noon. Thutomwrv.n , -30.28; rising rapidly. Wm), South-Westerly; light, with fine cold, dry weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, 7h. 28m.—Afternoon, 7h. 56m To-monßow.-Morning, Bh. 29m.—Afternoon, 9h. 5m t i '` • , (4 , , o4t, IT h."/' • b 1 E to, _. THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, JAN. 16, 1860, The Emperor NAPOLEON 111. is the very Genius of Surprise—of surprise sometimes as st Irtling as it is magnificent. He certainly does things with a masterly hand, and leaves the world to wonder at the results so teeming with promise. On the prosent occasion he has enacted the conjuror with two strings to his bow. He has partially liberated mind from the most gross assumption of spiritual power. Bat he has done more—he has touched belief with the spear of ITILURIEL, and he has smashed the bonds of commerce with the bolt of JUPITER. He is, indeed, the very beau ideal of NAsliTril's all -crushing hammer. We have often, as occasion required or circumstance pro voked, dealt very freely with NAPOLEON, both in eulogium or censure ; we can therefore with cordial praise thank him sincerely in the catholic name of humanity for his chivalrous doings, for they are doings, in the cant meaning of the word, both spiritual and commercial. lie has used the priests until his purpose was served, when they blindly thought they could still use him in their turn. He has suffered the monopolists to practise their crooked ways because he did not wish to have too many irons in the fire at once while he was quietly growing in power, and so undermining the ground under their feet. And now that he has felt his strength, he blows all their monopolies and themselves into the regions of nonentity, leaving them to wonder at his might and curse their own well-merited doom ! Their long-cherished cupidity has been their ultimate ruin. You might as well attempt to convince BALAANtS understanding as reason with a French Monopolist. He had but one argument, and that was all centred in himself—and for himself atme. The world nay, his own country—was only made for his prosperity. Ile seemed to overlook that wherever monopoly throve those who paid for it suffered in proportion. Privilege is only conceded at the expense of others, whether it be to individuals or c lasses. But the evil carries its own remedy in the ad,—for where it is abused, concession ceases and VE 'ngeance rears her head. The few cannot with gal u the many in such cases, for where right is out rago retribution is certain to ensue. And so the mom ,polists of France, like those of England, are brow gilt to book with a strong master-hand. W e have immense pleasure in commenting on the EM VgROR'S decision in the interests of French commerce and those of the world in general, for what benefits one nation going ahead in the right direction must benefit others as well. We are born and made to act on the broad principle of universal reciprocity, and those who act and err to the con trary are but mere IsmsAELs to the general good. Peace hath her victories as well as war. NAPOLEON tried his hand at war—triumphed, but hastily recoiled even at the sound himself had made. But now he has tried his hand at nobler, because more enduring, work. He has let the bound go free, and cleared the scales from the vision of the over-credulous blind. It would seem as if he only bided his time. Pondering long in apparent seclu sion from the ways of men, his observation became quickened by scrutinising their conduct and watch ing their faults. lie made no sign, for the hour had not yet come. But now that time had tolled the knell of Intolerance in Church and State—he stretched his hand forth—seized the sign-manual and wrote the doom of the BELSHAZARS in the Great Book of France. It will last to eternity ! All glory be to the master-mind which summoned up courage to blot out the black spots that eclipsed the fair fame of one of the most enlightened nations in the world. The task was Herculean as the daring was chivalrous. But the miracle has been accom- plished, and posterity will admire, in its very won der, at the beneficent results to the human race. The EMPEROR'S letter to M. FoULD, Minister of State, thus sums up the intended reforms : " Suppression of the duties on wool and cotton. Successive reductions of the duties on sugar and coffee. Energetic amelioration of the means of communication. Reduction of the canal dues, and consequently a general lowering of transport cost. Loans to be granted to agriculture and industry. Considerable works of public utility. Suppression of prohibited articles and commercial treaties with foreign Powers." Besides which, no less than 160,000,000 of francs—over six millions sterling— are to be devoted in three years to the execution of great public works ; and this sum is in hand from the last loan, so that no new taxes will be wanted, elsewhere, as for national improvements ! The object of the Emperor is to give a greater development of the different branches of National Wealth—and for effecting this he communicates to the Minister "the bases of the programme of reforms, several parts of which will have to receive the appro bation of the Chambers, and upon which you will co operate with your colleagues, in order to prepare the most suitable measures to give a fresh impulse to agriculture, industry, and commerce." He further adds that " long ago the truth was proclaimed that it is essential to the prosperity of commerce that the means of exchange should be multiplied ; that without co-operation industry remains stationary, and maintains the high prices which check the progress of consumption ; that, without a prospe rous industry developing capital, agriculture itself remains in a state of infancy. Everything, then, is bound up in the successive development of the elements of public prosperity. But the essential question is to know to what extent the State ought to favour these various interests, and what order of preference it should grant to each of them. Thus, before developing our foreign commerce by the exchange of products, we must first improve our agriculture, and free our industry from all interior impediments which place it in a position of inferiority. A general system of sound political economy alone can, by increasing the national wealth, spread prosperity among the working classes. Every year the State grants consider able sums to agriculture for clearing woods situated in plains, and lowering hilly ground. The great works of draining, irrigating, and clearing the ground are to be continued. To encourage manufactured productions, it is neces sary to exempt from all duties primary articles in dispensable to industry, and to advance capital at a moderate rate of interest, which will assist in per fecting the material. By these measures agricul ture will find an issue for its produce, industry, freed of all interior obstacles, will advantageously compete with foreign products, and commerce will make a fresh advance. To counterbalance the re• duction of duties on primary materials and pro visions of great consumption, the redemption of the public debt will provisionally be suspended. All this is very - encouraging in a national point of view to France, and must in its working results become most beneficial to England both in precept and example, for Heaven know we, too, have many anomalies, monopolies, and hypocrisies bath in ChuNch and State—in-Army and Navy—in Law and Jurisprudence—to reform—not forgetting the greatest reform of all—the pure reform of our Re presentation, which will, like AARON'S serpent, swallow up the rest. It is the secret consciousness of this most de sirable result that has been the back-water in our current of political profession, be it Whig, Tory, ultra-Radical, or all ultras whatsoever. Like a certain gentleman they can quote Scripture to suit the occasion, but all the while they neverthe less believe, and tremble too. Let us hope that this explosion of Napoleonic frankness may not be taken as a scapegoat for our special pleading statesmen, but that they will repent their errors and so amend — amend, not promise—for we are sick of promises which are thrown like a tub to the whale to mis lead while they ride off on the assumed cleverness of their momentary deceptions. Now that the Emperor NAPOLEON has at length broken the ice, we hope he will follow up his re forms by extending to the mind of France what he has granted to her commerce—that he will yet dare to liberate the legislative mind of his Chambers, so that they may in reality represent their constitu ents, by bringing them more in harmony with the people ; and, to crown all, take off the shackles which cramp the free expression of the French journals—for in doing ;his he will more consolidate his own power than if he had ten thousand legions at his beck. Let him dare to be honest, and boldly exclaim--Who's afraid ? In spite of many sinister predictions to the contrary, our Indian Empire is in a fair way already towards recovering both from revolt and bankruptcy. Simultaneously with the receipt of the good tidings that the last smouldering embers of the rebllion of the Bengalese have been happily extinguished, there come to us auguries if not of the immediate establishment of a flourishing exche quer at Calcutta, at any rate of a vast and com plicated scheme of fiscal and financial reorg. n" sation, by means of which the revenues of our Asiatic Enipire may be rapidly restored, and its com mercial prosperity eventually ensured. Those who were loudest amongst the prophets of evil and disaster, are now the most zealous, the most eager, and the most sau guino in their exultation. So far, at least, they are making the best amends in their power for their unjustifiably sombre and lugubrious vaticina tions. The recollection, however, of their now withdrawn predictions in this matter, ought to act as another and a most timely warning to the more credulous that these voices of gloom and (in pre tension at least) of doom, ar c i n no way to be relied upon as infallible--that canards can be wafted to the four quarters from Printing house-square as well as from certain myste rious regions on the other side of the Channel—and that the " Woe !" pronounced by the Times upon Indian Finance very recently, while it LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : had in it much of the shrillness and the resonance, had about it none whatever of the prescience, of CASSANDRA. The identical organ that affected but a few weeks back to sound inexorably and irrevo• MADRID, JAN. 15. The following despatch from the Spanish army in Morocco has been published : cably the fate of the revenues of Hindostan is now breathing balmy prophecies of good iu the self- Since yesterday we have been masters of all the positions of Calea Negro. same direction. "So runs the world away"—so trundles on that Wheel of fortune, the Times, with After having obtained a complete victory we are :ommanding all the heights of the valley of a bias only in perpetual oscillation, swerving now to the right, now to the left, startling (those who Tetuan. We shall be before that place as soon as the artillery is able to pass. watch its course) the more effectually by reason o: ,he very suddenness of its eccentric deflections. PARIS, JAN. 15. The truth is now, in regard to the prospects of our Indian Empire—not that Young Hindostan is likely very soon to be a bankrupt, but rather than this that he has every reasonable chance of be- It is stated that the French Government is about to proceed against the Society of St. Vince de Paul, the most important Catholic charitable association in France, and that the Minister of the Interior has already informed all the public functionaries that they must choose between remaining members of that association and retaining their offices as coming a millionaire. The enterprise now adven tured upon in that, the most magnificent of all our great colonial possessions, has been entered into by our statesmen boldly, resolutely, and comprehen sively. The reorganisation there undertaken is no mere piecemeal labour, but absolutely a work of re public functionaries. It is also reported that the Papal Nuncio delivered yesterday to M. Baroche a note of the Papal Go vernment, dated January the 7th, containing a formal and official protest against the programme of the pamphlet Ie Pape et le Congres. Abbe Compieta, who was the bearer of the note, left Rome on the evening of the 7th instant, three days after the letter of the Emperor of the French had been received by His Holiness. construction and rehabilitation. We are building up there a new system of government, of adminis tration, of finance, of education, and all de novo all ab initio, all from the very foundations. It is only yesterday, so to speak, that like the voice of the old BOURBON herald calling aloud from the window of the Tuileries, Le Rol est mort ! Vice le Boi ! the Legislature of England caused the sceptre I of the East to pass from the dying grasp of the Old Company into the gentle hand of our beloved SOVEREIGN. A perfectly new epoch dates from that point of time for Hindostan. From the throne downwards the changes instituted in our Anglo- Indian empire are becoming every day more and more apparent. The Government of that empire, we all know, is henceforth not that administered by the H.E.1.C., but that administered by the representatives, the delegates, the officials, and the employees of the Sovereign of these realms. The banner there upheld as the symbol of authority is no other than the royal standard. The Ad ministration is to assume a different title out there, and the policy it is to Carry out is to be as novel as its designation. The army is henceforth no longer composed of the Company's but of the Queen's soldiers. The various public departments are to be entirely rearranged. • Beyond this, how ever, India, it is now seen, is to be forthwith sub jected to a system of revised taxation, while at the same time the system of our relations with the native Courts is to be thoroughly and completely trans formed. How it is proposed to carry out the two last mentioned changes, namely, the changes in the scheme of taxation and the changes in our system of relations with the native Courts of Hindostan, may here, in a few words, be very readily indicated. It is not proposed, as it was hitherto believed to have been projected, that the emptied treasury should be replenishel by the imposition of an income-tax. And it is proposed that one of the most obnoxious taxes of all among the Asiatic populations, to wit, the salt tax, so far from being remitted altogether, or at any rate very considerably diminished, shall actually be increased by 20 per cent. additional duty. Here apparently are two sources of regret, if not of actual discontent. It seems naturally desirable that, by some such means as an equitably arranged income-tax or property tax, the wealthier classes, those who can best afford it, should pay their important quota to the coffers of the Government. It seems, on the other hand, no less naturally desirable that the poor toiling Ilin doo population should not be subjected to 20 per cent. additional impost upon salt. As our chief morning contemporary, however, admi rably puts it :—" As an explanation of the measure it is stated, that whereas seven years ago the average amount of salt duty paid annually by a single individual represented two days and a half's wages of a working man, labour has now so improved in value that one day's work has become the equivalent of the tax for the year. A more effectual counterpoise is the increased cheapness and facility of the means of carriage. When salt had to be carried in bullock carts or on camels, every 100 miles or distance more than doubled its price; it can now be carried by railway to all the principal stations of India, and its price at Delhi or at Agra will be much less, even with the in creased duty, than it was five years since. Doubt less, therefore, upon this calculation, even the pro posed augmentation will leave the duty ac tually lighter than it was in 1833 ; and, if some expedient can be devised for obtaining from the wealthier classes of the natives a proportionate contribution to the necessities of the State, the new system, on the whole, will be justifiable. Every Hindoo," adds our contempo rary "should pay his share, and it is only by the salt duty that the Hindoo pays anything ; but it is really desirable, in the interests of common justice, that the opulent merchants and money-dealers of India should not escape, as they have hitherto done, from the taxation to which other classes submit." Comments, these, so sufficient of themselves upon the matter under consideration that not a syllable further need be added to them. As to the entirely new relations established between the native courts of India and the Supreme Government —suffice it to say, that while these unquestionably render the Princes of Hindostan more independent (securing to them feudal authority within the limits of their own dominions) they also thereby ensure their loyalty—rendering each native Prii a s a Feudatory to the Crown—binding them all to allegiance—elevating above them all, to an absolute supremacy, the power and Majesty of the British Sovereign. wealth. The date of the arrival in town, for the London season, of her Majesty, the Prince Consort, the Royal Family, and the ladies and gentlemen of the Court, will, it is sail, be the loth of February.—Court Journal. The absence of Sir George Grey from the Cabinet Connell, held on Tuesday last, was caused by indisposition. The right hon. baronet had been attacked by illness the previous week, and was under medical care and treatment, —Court Tour),al. His Highness the Maharajah Duleep Singh has arrived at Claridge's Hotel, fro! visiting the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland at Trentham. His Excellency the Ambassador of France ani the Counte2s de Persigny arrived at Albert-gate House on Saturday, flora visiting the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort , at Badminton. liis Excellency and the Countcss de Per signy will lave town to-morrow on a visit to her Majesty , at Windsor Castle. His Excellency Earl Cowley arrived at ClariegJ's Hotel on Saturday, from visiting Lord and Lady Ebury, at Moor Park, Rickmansworth. The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough are ex pected in town in a few days from Blenheim Palace. The Duke and Duchess of Manchester have been entertaining a select circle at Kiuibolton Castle during the past week. The Lord Chancellor and the Baroness S traffic de i entertained a select circle at dinner on Saturday evening, at Stratheden House, Knightsbridge. The Earl and Countess of Clarendon and the Ladies Villiers have returned to the The Grove, near Wat ford, from visiting her Majesty at Windsor Castle. The Earl and Countess of Winch ilsea and Lady Florence Paget left Badminton on Saturday for their se.at, Eastwell, near Ashford, THE' SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 4 16, 18604 RRFORMS IIIT FRANCE. ror to the Minister of State : showed a slight downward tendency. Ashes firm ; coffee firm. Cotton firm, at full prices. Middling uplands was quoted 11c. Flour buoyant, and 5 to 10 cents dearer ; wheat quiet, but firm ; iron quiet ; spirits of turpentine inactive, but firm ; provisions dull ; sugar very firm, and lc. higher. Freights un changed. NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 3. The cotton market stiffer, but prices unchanged. Sales to-day 15,000 bales, and during the last three days 31,000. Receipts in the same time 33,500 bales. Increased receipts at port 359,000 bales. Freights to Liverpool 9-16ths. MOBILE, Jan. 3. Sales of cotton to-day, 3,500 bales ; ditto during :hree days, 9,000. Receipts in the same time 18,250. Middling, 101 dollars. Sterling Ex thange, 7 premium. QUEENSTOWN, Monday. The Royal Mail steam-ship America arrived here at 11.30 last night, embarked mails and proceeded at one this morning for Halifax and Boston. All INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL The Moniteur of yesterday publishes the follow• ng most important letter addressed by the Empe PALACE OF THE TUILERIES, JAN. 5. Monsieur le Ministre,—Despite the uncertainty which still prevails on certain points of foreign policy, a pacific solution may confidently be looked forward to. The moment has therefore come to occupy ourselves with the means of giving a great impulse to the various branches of the national I address to you with that object the bases of a programme, adore portions of which will have to receive the approval of the Chambers, and upon which you will concert with your colleagues so as to prepare the measures most suited to give a lively impulse to agriculture, to industry, and to commerce. For a long time this truth has been proclaimed, hat the means of exchange must be multiplied to render commerce flourishing ; that without compe tition industry remains stationary and maintains high prices, which are opposed to the progress of consumption ; that without a prosperous industry, which developes capital, agriculture itself remains in infancy. Everything, therefore, is bound up in the successive development of the elements of pub lic prosperity. But the essential question is to as certain within what limits the State ought to favour these diverse interests, and what order of preference it ought to grant to each.- Thus, before developing our foreign commerce by the exchange of produce, it is necessary to improve our agriculture, and to liberate our industry from all internal impediments which place it in condi tions of inferiority. At the present day, not only are our great enterprises impeded by a host of restrictive regulations, but even the welfare of those who work is far from having attained the development which it has attained in a neighbour ing country. There is, therefore, only a general system of good political economy which can, by creating a nationals wealth, spread comfort among the working classes. In that which relates to agriculture, you must make it share in the benefits of the institutions o credit, clear the forests situated in the plains, and replant the hills, devote annually a considerable sum to great works of drainage, irrigation, and clearage. These works, transforming the unculti vated districts into cultivated lands, will enrich the districts without impoverishing the State, which will cover its advance by the sale of a portion of those lands restored to agriculture. To encourage industrial production you must liberate from every tax all raw material indispens• able to industry, and allow it, exceptionally and at a moderate rate, as has already been done for agri culture on drainage, the funds necessary to perfect its material. One of the greatest services to be rendered to the country is to facilitate the transport of articles of first necessity to agriculture and industry. With this object, the Minister of Public Works will cause to be executed as promptly as possible the means of communication, canals, roads, and railways, whose main object will be to convey coal and manure to the districts where the wants of production require them, and will endeavour to reduce the tariffs by establishing an equitable competition between the canals and railways. The encouragement to commerce by the multi plication of the means of exchange will then follow as a natural consequence of the preceding mea sures. The successive reduction of the duty on articles of great consumption will then be a neces sity, as also the substitution of protecting duties, for the prohibitive system which limits our com mercial relations. By these measures agriculture will find a market for its produce ; industry, set free from internal impediments, assisted by the Government, and stimulated by competition, will compete advantage ously with foreign produce, and our commerce, in stead of languishing, will receive a new impulse. Desiring, above all things, that order may be maintained in our finances, observe how, without disturbing the equilibrium, these ameliorations might be obtained : The conclusion of the peace has allo•.ved us not to exhaust the amount of the loan. There remains disposable a considerable sum, which, joined to other resources, amounts to about 160,000,000 f. In ask ing from the Legislative Body permission to apply this sum to great public works, and by dividing it into three annuities, it would give about 50,000,000 f. annually to add to the considerable sums already annually carried to the budget. This extraordinary resource will facilitate to us not only the prompt completion of the railways, canals, means of navigation, roads, aid ports, but it will also allow us to restore in less time our cathe drals, our churches, and worthily to encourage science, letters, and the arts. To compensate for the loss which the Treasury will for the moment suffer by the reduction of duties on raw materials and on goods of great consump tion, our budget offers the resource of the sinking fund, which it will suffice to suspend until the pub lic revenue, increased by the augmentation of com merce, allows the sinking fund to,be again brought into play. Thus, to resume :—Suppression of duty on woo. and Cotton; , Successive reduction on sugar and coffee ; An energetic improvement in the means of coin munication ; Reduction of canal dues, consequently general re duction in the means of conveyance ; Loans to agriculture and industry ; Considerable works of public utility ; Suppression of prohibitions; Treaties of commerce with the foreign Powers ; Such aro the general bases of the programme to which I beg of you to call the attention of your colleagues, who will have to prepare, without delay, the projects of law destined to realise them. It will obtain, I am fully convinced, the patriotic sup port of the Senate and of the Legislative Body, jealous of inaugurating with me a new era of peace and of assuring its benefits to France. Whereupon I pray God to have you in His holy k NAPOLEON. AU:at:IAN RULE IN ITALY.—A curious docu merit- has found its way into the English papers illustrative of the mild rule of Austria in Italy. In 1849 an Austrian tlao. osten t a tiously exhibited on the Emperor's birthday fro'n ' i the house of a person of doubtful reputation at Mian, was hissed and pelted by the Italians. A street row ensued, 52 person's, including . two girls of less than '2O years of age, n were ae • t d and 2() were ordered to receive 30, 40, or 50 blows. Marshal Radetsky sent the bill f'4!r the infliction o f this bastinado to th e municipal authorities a Milan, and the account including bandages, medical attendance, an d the purchase of 100 sticks employed in the punishme n t, i s now p u blished. The crime, as stated by the authoriti es, is that of "scandalous political demonstrations." Th e ; Austrians are infamous all over the world as " vr oincn beaters." For ourselves we do not object to women-beat ing men being well-flogged,—in fact we should b e g l a d to s ee this punishment revived to-morrow. An Itali an, h ow.. beaten . ever, raises an objection to his country-wome n b e i no • by the orders of an Austrian soldier, and the expenses charzed . to an Italian municipal body,—Dedysktre Courier. INDIA AND CHINA. The following telegram has been received at Mr. Reuter's office in anticipation of the Calcatta and China mails, due in London, via Marseilles, on the 27th inst.:— CALCUTTA, DEC. 24. The new licence-tax has been introduced in the Punjab. HONG KONG, DEC. 15. The Chinese are strengthening the city of Pekin, BATAVIA, DEC. 22. The expedition to Boni has been successful. Latest intelligence from Cochin China states that he health of the French troops was good. Admiral Page had arrived with reinforcements. FRANCE. PARIS BOURSE, Jan. 14.—The market has been rather heavy, but without any material change in prices. Threes, after having been done at 69f. 19e., receded to 68f. 95c. Mobilier varied from 760 f. to 780 f. to 770 f. ; Austrian, 542 f. 50f. to 538 f. 75c. ; Lombard, 568 f. 75c. to 566 f. 25c.; Lyons, 927 f. 50c. to 925 f.; Orleans, 1,392 f. 50e. to 1,387 f. 50e. ; Northern, 927 f. 50c. to 92 . 5 f.; South ern, 515 f. to 511 f. 50c. The following were the last quotations:- 44 per Cents. 96 95 Credit Fonder 725 end month .. I Belgian 41 99 50 3 per Cent F.. ..... 68 75 I Piedmonteso (5) 84 75 Do. end month.... 68 65 itoman ...... •• • • 81 50 Bank Shares 2BOO Austrian Credit Mobilier 765 Spanish Times Do. Account 762 50 ,Home Debt 421 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern New ditto B4O .. 847 50 Lyons and Mediterranean 920 .. 920 Gaieve, 520 .. Southern Western 572 50 .. 572 50 Eastern SArdiniaa 397 50 .. 405 Austrian Lombard .... .. 566 25 .. 562 50 Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 10e. ; money, 2 , 3 f. Bc.; three months, paper, 24f. 95e. ; money, 24f. 931 e, TURKEY. We have received the Constantinople journals and letters of the 4th brought by the Carmel. All the news will be found summed up in the following letter :—" The reply of the Sublime Porte to the French Ambassador on the subject of the Suez Canal has just been delivered. It bears the signa ture of Fuad Pacha, and declares in explicit terms that the Porte has no objection to the undertaking, and should have long since authorised its execu tion, had the question remained merely a commer cial one ; but that as it has now become a political event, the Porte considers it but just that the Powers should first come to an understanding, and that Turkey should have every guarantee for the security of her iuterests. Reports of further minis terial modifications are in circulation. Among other things, it is said that the ex-Grand Vizir is to again come into power by replacing Riza Pacha as Minister of War and Grand Master of the Artil lery. Those two personages had a long audience of the Sultan, but nothing certain is yet known of the result. The general opinion entertained is that the present Ministry cannot long hold toge ther and that Mehemet Kubrisli Pacha will very shortly be at the head of the two departments of war and marine, two branches of the administra tion in which economical reforms are the most im periously called for. On the eve of New Year's Day, a whole quarter of Constantinople narrowly escaped being blown into the air. A fire broke out at Galata, and in a house near the scene of the conflagration was a large depot of gunpowder be • longing to a private individual, or dealer in that article. For some time the greatest alarm was felt, but fortunately by tearing down a few homes the progress of the fire in that d!rection was ehecked, and all danger was put an end to. In consequence of the bad state of the weather, accounts from the Danubian provinces reach this capital but very rarely. By the last courier we, however, learn that Prince Couza has charged M. Poujabe to negotiate a loan of 60 millions of francs in France, bat in the present state of things this task will, it appears to me, be rather a difficult one. Affairs in Servia seem to be every day taking a more favourable turn. Dervich Pacha, the new representative of the Porte in Russia, has been charged before proceeding to his post to visit Servia, and to institutean inquiry in quality of High Commiisioner." AINIERICA. The following telegram has been received at Mr, Reuter's office:— LIVERPOOL, JAN. 16. The Royal Mail steam-ship Asia, Captain Lott, hai arrived with New York adrices to the sth inst., but no specie. - She passed the steam-ships Etna and Glasgow bound for New York. The slavery question was still being discussed in Congress. No Speaker had been elected. California advices to the 12th December contain no news of importance. Business was dull, and prices heavy. Mining operations throughout British Columbia had closed for the winter, on account of cold weather. The miners were leaving for Victoria and California to spend the winter, with the express determination of returning again in the spring, as !a terly they have been very successful. Mrs. Cameron, wife of the Chief Justice of the colony, and sister of Governor Douglass, died cn the 26th of November at Esquimalt. At Havana, on the 30th, sugar was firm. Ster ling Exchange, 15 to 151. A large number of destructive fires had broken out in New York. COMMERCIAL NEWS. Money in good demand• Loans on call at 6 to 7 per cent. ; good bills, 9to 10. Exchange flat and irregular. London, 108 i to 1091; on France, 5 171 to 5.20 ; Hamburg, 361. The stock market was unchanged, but prices Australian Facts and Prospects, to which is pre fixed the Author's Autobiography. By R. H. Horne. Smith and Elder. Works on Australia are now tolerably common, and the public mania for anything connected with the gold-fields has subsided. Still, when really authentic and reliable information can be obtained it should not be rejected. Mr. Horne's information on matters relating to the gold fields, mining leases, and the gold miner himself, are of this nature, in fact, from his position, as commissioner on several gold fields, commander of gold escorts, &c., render his evidence trustworthy. His anecdotes of his experi ence amongst the miners are amusing and interest ing, and his strictures on a certain Frank Fowler, who, some time back, gave to the Australian public some startling information of the resources of their country, are both severe and just, but when he comes to treat on the vexed land question and other colonial matters, his information is not always cor rect, nor his views very lucid. In fact there is a want of energy on the part of a people possessed of greater political freedom by far than England, with universal suffrage and vote by ballot (hardly neces sary in a country where every man considers him self as good as his neighbour), who will hold public meetings, &c., but of whom many do not take the trouble to register themselves, nor to lose a day's work to vote for a representative; the fault lies in the want of patriotism on the part of the people, who complain of the bad management of a government whom they refuse to assist, and let the squatters sendi n a legislative assembly to represent their in terest, and refuse any opening of the public land when the ministry introduce a bill to that effect. But the bulk of the population of Australia have no desire to remain there nor make it their home. " Oh, it will serve my time, why should I bother about it ; I shan't be here always," is a common answer when a party is requested to use his influ ence in any matter. The main agitators • are the ' loafers, who will not work, but who gain by any popular agitation. These persons have no social L standing,and consequently these popular ebullitions end in smoke. The Vicar of Lyssel. Saunders and Otley. This is a clergyman's diary of the last century, which is written with a simplicity that in itself attracts, and is replete with feeling and tenderness. The short and simple annals here recorded should not be regarded with a disdainful smile, for they exhibit in a forcible manner the true picture of life in all times. Although here the lot is cast in plea sant places, many cares intrude, and divers sorrows invade the sanctity of the sequestered parsonage. The Vicar of Lyssel was not a man who would under any circumstances have been hardened by suffering ; but as it was his vocation to teach others to look forward to another life, he did not give way to despair when his own beloved ones were called away to that land of promise of whose glories he had so often spoken. Mary, his first wife, was a charming character, and a feeling of melancholy pervades the mind when one reads of her premature end ; but she was one of those gracious, gentle beings, who seem especially the favourites of Heaven; in their serene life and their early death. After the two families are dispersed in the high way of the world, and the Vicar's second wife is laid in the grave, in the pretty churchyard where Mary and his son were placed before, the Vicar and his eldest daughter Polly lived alone for many years. They still took an interest in the living ones who were parted from them, but their sphere was narrowed to their home circle, and their years glided peacefully away.lThe last to leave them was Caleb, the youngest son, who went to sea to be a sailor. He never returned; but, writes the vicar, " He is not dead to his faithful sister ; always to her he is sailing away, and far away upon blue seas, where the breeze is soft and laden with spice, and the sun always shines on his path." The chronicle of this peaceful existence is so touchingly narrated and so beautifully ex pressed that no one who appreciates sketches that are true to nature will be otherwise that gratified with its perusal. Memoirs of a Lady in Waiting. By the author o: " Adventures of Mrs. Colonel Somerset it Caffraria." 2 vols. Saunders and Otley. There is a pleasing story connected with histori cal incidents in these volumes. The heroine in her early years had many difficulties to contend with, arising from the troublous times in which she lived, and from the unprotected state in which she was left. Some of the Court scenes are well de scribed, and exemplify in a striking manner the domestic wretchedness that was hidden beneaththe glittering exterior of brilliancy and gaiety. The anecdote of Buckingham is effectively given, and is in keeping with all that is known of that unprin cipled man. Lawrence is a strange individual who is one most likely to have been dangerously in fluenced by the peculiar times in which he was living. The account of his execution is a sad episode in the story, but it was an extraordinary proceeding on the part of Mary to witness it, and could have conduced only to heighten her suffer ings and to shake his courage. Mr. Burnet, the faithful friend of the neglected Mary, is one of the best characters in the narrative, and his conduct in the fearful time of the plague was most humane. With the constant change of scene introduced in these pages, with the important epoch which is de scribed, there is enough to repay perusal, and the "Memoirs of a Lady in Waiting" will most likely be a favourite with those who are pleased with old fashioned stories, for it is certainly recorded with spirit and vivacity. Pre-Adamite Man ; or, the Story of an Old Planet and its inhabitants. Sanders and Otley. This a very curious work, which argues the pos sibility of a race of men existing long prior to Adam. The writer brings a French scientific author, M. de Perthes, forward to support his opinion. i The discussion of the subject will pro bably interest tho scientific and geological reader from its singularity; but any arguments on such topics must necessarily be shadowy and confused, starting from an uncertain foundation to reach a pre-determined conclusion. Such reasoners should reflect, in order to moderate the self-suffi ciency which too frequently attends such inquiries, that the ancient schools of Greek philosophy busied themselves in like manner over those secrets ofnature which modern science has unfolded to our eyes. All the acuteness of the Grecian intellect, all the subtlety of their schoolmen and wisdom of their philosophers, brought them in most instances to entirely mistaken conclusions, their aim being more often to support words by facts than to explain facts by words. Such recollections need not damp the energies of scientific research, but they s hould teach moderation and temper the presumption of uncertain knowledge. We may mention, for the satisfaction of the scrupulous reader , t hat the little volume before us is entrely free from a n y sceptical or atheistic tendencies. The Career, Last Voyage, and Fate of Sir John Franklin. By Capt. Sherard Osborn, C.B. Bradbury and Evans. The readers of Once a- Week will remember the succinct and graphic narrative of the voyage of Sir John Franklin, which was contributed to its pages by Capt. Sherard Osborn, His clear style and thorough comprehension of the subject enable the reader to realise the events and places described. He is well known to the public as an able and agreeable writer, and we are glad that he has turned his attention to this interesting and impressive re cord of the achievements and sufferings of brave men. We must not omit to mention that several woodcuts embellish the little volume, which will well repay the reader for its perusal. 77w Journal of Psychological Medicine. Edited by Forbes Winslow, M.D. Churchill. Many valuable and interesting suggestions on the treatment of the insane may be met with in this quarterly. It takes a retrospective vi ew o f th ose events of the quarter which in ;any way relate to mental science, and then proceeds to the separate discussion of the topics brought before it. Those who have the charge of persons afflicted with men tal disorder will gain much practical information from its pages; and though, of course, it does not profess to interest the general reader, those of scientific tastes will often find something to attract their attention and afford them subject for reflec tion. Its chief object is to collect and clissify all in formation gained bytthe experience and study of thi painful affliction in its various forms, with the exa mination of th e success attending the different modes of treatment here and abroad. Such a sys tem is likely to improve and enlirge our very im perfect knowledg e on suc h matters , an d is con ducive to th e a d vantage of the med i ca l profession, as well as to that of the unfortunate patients. The Journal of Agriculture. No. 67, New Series. Blackwood. Mr. Robert Scott Burn, whose name is becom ingso well known in connection with scientific agriculture, continues his interesting papers. He is finishing a series of notes taken during a tour in Belgium, Holland, and on the Rhine, and the Eng lish agriculturist will probably gather some infor mation of value from them. The same industrious writer also contributes an account of the doings at the December Meetings. An essay on " Irish Agriculture" treats of a subject which has often painfully engaged the attention of politicians and statesmen. There is much worth reading in this article. A paper on " Maritime Piscicultur e " i s full of curious and interesting details. An account of the transactions of the Highland and Agricul tural Society of Scotland is as usual given at the conclusion of the serial, and contains some useful practical information on questions of farm management. By H. Aspirations from the Inner Life. M'Cormac, M.D. Longman. This is a singular volume of a somewhat meta physical turn, in which the writer indulges in reflections on the possible reconciliation of Reli gion, Literature, Science, and Art, and ponders over some of the peculiarities of human nature, and the various phases of social existence. There is doubtless much truth embodied in some of his brief essays, and those who are fond of theories and abstruse discussions will find much to gratify their peculiar tastes, though the ordinary reader will probably become a little puzzled by his metaphy sical subtleties of expression. The Great Eastern A B C, or Big Ship Alishabet. Designed alike for the instruction of youth and the entertainment of all ages and conditions, without reference to their childhood whether it be of the first or second degree. Darton. This little book, with long title, is a pictorial alphabet, which illustrates the different phases of the construction of the Great Eastern, and which will give to child or adult a good idea of the con struction of this leviathan of the deep. A Popular History of England. No. XLVII. This valuablo history has come down to the ex. citing period of the American War. It is written in a clear and comprehensive style, admirably adapted for a popular history. Post Magazine Abnanack and Insurance Director!lz 1860. Paternal]. A useful almanack, whose chief feature is the compendious list it gives of all fire .and life in surance companies, including every change that has recently takca place, with the rates of premium of all the life offices, and the particulars of the offices at present winding up in the Court of Chancery. Routiedge's Shakespeare. Part XLVII. The forty-seventh part of this new and striking edition of our great dramatist contains the conclu sion of the tragedy of " Othello," with the notes and comments. John Gilbert's vigorous pencil and Mr. Staunton's comprehensive notes render the edition complete and valuable. lioutledge's Illustrated Natural history. Part X. This interesting work promises to be one of the most comprehensive zoological works in our bur gunge. The numerous woodcuts add largely to iti attractions; and the style of the work, though highly instructive, is entirely devoid of all abstruse' ness or scientific technicalities. 'We heartily ear mend it to the student and the librarian. The .New Quarterly _Review. No. 32. Hardwick' This is a good number of this serial. The gene' ral retrospect of the literature of the quarter will, put the reader quickly in possession of the state 0 the literary world. There is an attractive paper 01 ' our great composer, Meyerbeer, and his relation. t o the lyric drama. The A ng l o -F renc h diffi cu lt y , wine!' now happily presents a more satisfactory aspect, 1 11 the subject of another paper ; and a treatise on the Administration of Justice in India is not without value. There are other essays of various merits. Once a Week. Part VI. Bradbury and Evans. This interesting and agreeable miscellany fully maintains its character, and its pleasant and diver' sifted pages can withstand comparison with rolof older serials. We congratulate the managers (" the successful completion of their first volume, a n d fully coincide in their opinion that the sure P method to secure the continuance of public favou r is to deserve it. The English Cyclopeedia -of Arts and Selena', Part XII. Bradbury and Evans. Mr. Charles Knight' s a bl e managemen t of thP valuable periodical will, if possible, add to his 1; putation as a purveyor of ment a l s t ores for tP' general public. The variety of the subjects intro" duced, and the ability and fulness with which every topic is treated, will serve to render this divisil of the Cyclopwdia, when complete, a perfect nm°. of daily information. We are gratified to see Or last and, in some respects, the most branch of this valuable work carried out With 6° much energy and success. important MACAULAY : THE A UTHOR. His style charms, especially the educated, b1 4 ,1 1$ fulness of knowledge apparent i n every line. Pir metaphors and illustrations are drawn from W e i ; merable sources, and are all equally pregnant 1 01 0 instruction. He tells us that "he frequently at a distance from all books and all advisers ; " he trusted to his memory for facts, dates, V en quotations," and that " he sent his manuscripts i ; the press without reading them over." As 11 0 after-dinner discourse was said to be print!, they must have been without erasire or amen ment. None of his works have any Ina"; of defect or any appearance of having b ee . written in haste. Apparently, he never took pen in his hand till he was quite sure 2 0 every word he meant to say; and from O r moment of beg inning he rushed on like a CO queror. His style is clear, because he is alws certain of his thoughts. e never doubts, and never vague. Ho goes straight to his object, $ 1 , 1 ,,, writes as though he were giving the word of mand. He is never affected, is untainted by c ° ", ventional cant, and gives things their pr o p e r name o ; He speaks even bluntly, and sometimes verges f coarseness. His writing resembles the rushed, cavalry, not the ambling of a gentle lady's lit e , ji It is dogmatic, positive, overwhelming. Withs'l l , is very musical, and never tires. It is always frP e & He was perhaps the best read, the most leafy Englishman of the age after the death of Sir Ja, Mackintosh, and he was one of the g reatest mastel coofmtlpiearEatnigvelilsy young, h language u t t h b a e t b e a v d e r d u o s n e e d a it g . re H at ell; of work. True, he lived three y ears longer th an Shakespeare, but in qu antit y the res ult of his lahot!i, „ is far greater t han that of th e most illust riow ' of our poets. He started into public life a OP' roughly educated man, and seems to have tako l ; nothing in hand which did not succeed. F° l4l years nearly he worked continuously and succe o ; fully, and, combining quantity with quality: /i ,; doubt whether any man ever wrote so muc h a n d I I " ( well. He was one of th e most remarkable molt letters who hav e appeare d i n our country. --"J"- Leader and Saturday Analyst. SINGULAR FRIENDLY SOCIETY CASE. • On Wednesday last the committee of the 1.?! cl ; ' dingtou Union Benefi c i a l S oc i e ty me t a t the 1 0'; corn Inn, to investigate a charge brought agabr, t 4 member, Mr. Henry W es t, a c a rp en t er , an d par" clerk of Upper Hey ford, of " breach of the rule!) by officiating at a wedding while on the funds the the society." Mr. Calcutt (the chairman of l is P e Woodstock Board of Guardians) presided, and tt' i committee-men present were, Messrs. Baker, DOT H. Franklin, C. Mason, W. Woolgrove, W. E o6 ' J. Hoperaft, A. Hoperaft, W. Hoperaft, W. K o pf craft, jun , and Bennett. The chairman stated tbil i Mr. Hoperaft had seen the man who was marrie d upon the occasion in question, and that the fact ° I ; Mr. West's officiating was proved, overruling objection that some one present at the weddil ought to be called to prove the alleged breach. 0 0 21st rule states expressly that a sick member " sh e not transact any business" during illness. b i , West had been paid up to the Saturday night Pr i . O viously to the wedding, but his allowance for t h e week, of which the Monday in question was t he second day, had been refused. On the part of th accused, it was urged that he had not wilfuw, broken any rule. or retarded his own recovery,,' that he had during his illness engaged au agriC' tural labourer to perform his Sunday duties, an that being unable to obtain that person's servi. e, on a week-day he was compelled to act as he di d, , that he was sufficiently convalescent on the Sus day to go to church twice, though not equal to t", task of chiming the bells and making the responac i ' that he fulfilled one of the duties of a parish off" ' but did not, in the usual meaning of the word" transact business on the Monday; and that the r ir o fusel of the chit to pay, and his negl e ct t o t r y to el l t ' force the allowance for the week in question, b r our . , the charge to an, end.—Mr. H enry L u i n g called to give evidence as to the usage of a siraii; club of tradesmen at Bicester. Ho said—" I asi to carpenter, nnl palish clerk at St eep l e B ar t o n. ' Ol 1852 and 1853 I was laid by f or th ree mon ths fr ° a s a severe hurt to my ri g ht h an d ; d ur i ng a ll time I received a ll owance f rom my cl u b j ; although I did all work pertaining to my office ° A Sundays and on week days, except chiming Is ringing the b e ll s , an d di gg i ng an d filli n g e , graves. The rul es o f m y c l u b, w hi c h I pr3dtl e t " prohibit the tran sac ti on o f busine ss i n ill n ess; b u s i although th e o ffi cers of the society were infort?,, by me as to my doings, they raised no questit7i, and paid me my allowance punctually and unhe tv tatingly." The room having been cleared of str li tit , gers, the committee deliberated nearly an 1 1 °4, When the door was re-opened the chairman A s h ‘• We are unanimously of opinion that Mr. r i has broken the rules, and we expel him."—G r e Chronicle. ale Ve Ca t Sp a t Pre ] II a I hie r doll but: Ad,