The Sun. — London, England, 1829-11-27 00:00:00

CHURCH ESTABLISHMENT. (From the Cori Coutitution of Tuesday.) CORRESIONDLN CE BETWEEN the LORI) BISHOP of FERNS end the EARL of MOUNTCASHEL. TO THE LORD BISHOP OF FERNS. WOKE ?IRS, NOY. 1829. Loan,.-...." A letter purporting to have been written 3- "" I -tr (1111 ;P, and addressed to me, having appeared in the N e"PaPeras I feel it a duty which I owe to the cause bays undertaken to defend," to give it the answer it calls r. My Lord, I cannot commence this letter in more ap t?rvriate words. Indeed you ought well to know I have 'ae hest claim to them. And here let me ask why you trould not condescend to acknowledge the receipt of my nanuscript answer ? I suppose by this time, if your Lordship has seen the late Cork Newspapers, that you Avill no longer express your surprise at my unfair conduct (as some rather hastily considered it) in omitting to pablish your two attacks on llutiu comp any w i th my single defence to your first. I feel I deserve no blame for not performing that, Which I have shown was at the time out of my power. I feel mu c h regret to h ear your Lordship complain of 'garbled extracts" and " harsh remarks." To the first complaint I must plead not guilty, and what is worse, I deapair of pleasing your Lordship even on future occa• i t1 " 1 1, as the ex t rac t s I may t hi n k r i g h t to make, are pro -4a bly the very ones your L or d sh i p would wish me to pass sover in silence. As for " harsh remarks," lam sorry to an d Your Lordship suffering from these, when I thought corrective was introduced at the end of all our letters, the good effects of which were reciprocal. I cannot conceal my disappointment in finding so little n ew matter contained in the communication now before • I ranat, however, try to dispose of your Lordship's (t wo positions," without much trouble. Whilst, in the Place, your Lot dship telly me you confined yourself to 1 1 7 /I ng that cc abuses are not creeping into our Church," read a been complaining of abuses, that like cancers, al reath y s tick to her, th a t gnaw her very vitals, and check through y circulation of sound doctrine and practice, _ the great body of the people. And has your L ordship p roved me to be wrong ? Again, whilst you say L ordship every means have be e n used by the Bishops to " in !real flaree the effectiveness of our Church Establishment First, he," I deni e d the assertion, and I still deny it. - c!inse convocations, like Roman Catholic General Coun fe'l% appear to h ave long fallen into d i suse. ( I h ope not ro ra similar causes, )_Secondly, because the zealous and really pious Bishops and Clergy receive little encourage ment from the worldly m i n ded class, who I fear have up to 414 time formed the great majority. Thirdly, because I see th e abuses, so often and so long complained of, still, in ' 3° m any instances tolerated, nay, not unfrequently practised by those who ought to take the most active part at their aupprepsi Now, on. f° , your Lordship's scondposition that " the Melin a resorted to by toe not e only p were not the beet withi n uiy power, but such as experience had proved to Hbe most dangerous both Have t the Church and the State." ave I not already explained why I neither first applied iiYour L or d s hi p, to hi s M a j esty ' s Ministers, net. to his a . l " hitnselt, before I ventured to take e chair at the a lk Meeting ? When it was believed by th the public that sitti4nrni"i" Bppointed by his Majesty's Government was for t j.! t ° examine into matters connected with the Church tornP u rPose of making changes, was there much time rocr astination? And when your Losdship so hastily f red "er the pages of history, appealing to the fears ° the credulous and of the ignorant, and wishing to im- P r "a an weak nerves by past " experience" the impend 'a,'!,g4d,asger which a complaint against Ecclesiastical abuses for 'd reuseca to the Church and State, have you so soon I °,t, s t y appeal also to history must here call your Lordship's attention to the follow oo -%etract froth R ap i n ' s Ilist o ry of England (vol. 10, m r - 19 '1 ) . 8. A. Th D. 162), in confirmation of my for one h i . itat ernent. e historian writes of King Charles 1., i:ll 'lhee eeding to the throne in these words : sped i e s oon disco vere d by what maxims he meant to pro 'efusedn , tb e gover nmen t of his dominions. He not only th e ' redress suc h grievances as had crept in during by a l: th g hie father's reign, but increased their number, u ' L r'"lt , g other s more intolerable. He affected to let his i— c eeta see, not only that he was not moved with their el ie ; "le", but that it was an offence to pray hint to re- D r a ; 4 , l4 em• IA a word, he gave to understand very both by his speeches and by his conduct, that lie , ° '"ed upon Parliaments only as assemblies appointed to supply him with money. And that in case of vt4 Pat he might proceed without their assistance. Ac wruingly he dissolved several Parliaments, because they act speedy enough to grant the sums he demandtd. ° ffered viol ence t o se v era l M e mb ers , an d ex t or t e d f rom subjects what money he wanted, either by forced loans, °Y taxes imposed by his own authority. This ought . o seem s trange, s ince over and above the lessons he had bvounr. taUgllt I 'Y the King Lis father, lie had the same fa ""esatne Ministers, the cause Council!" Rat lvidat ha s t hi s to d o w ith the question, your Lord 'l) w ill Perh ap „ . k A great deal in my humble opi elle i" ' s For when you w ou l d impress on the public the thi pposi t i on that 4, holding a Lay Synod" (as your Lord ') sores it) " tends manifestly to reproduce all the evils 'Wh n it t - '" t anded the overthrow of the Church Establish • r • - w° hundred years ago, and which led to all the he -47" ttn 'l schism s of that fatal period, and mainly contri vr l e i ( ' to the murd e r of the King, and to the placing Crow 'te.luNrl the throne of England," (see your second letter), 1 4 0 1 , I believe, important to show how greatly your Lord si'ol3in this mistaken. Let the truth be told. It was aa c i l' ,.72 l despotism which first made the breach, tyranny oh,„7 l Plessio n that widened it, and whilst weakness and e a , - g itts cY bid defiance, physical power, like the flames s ,• - ,",", ° ,ed within an edifice, at last burst forth with irre • i t, fury, and overwhelmed those who sought to stop And had religion lain dormant all this time, re still e xisted no want of inflammable matter to produce tln the thtl)l4'ion. But so far from joining in the loud cry against x.,,niterference of Parliament in religious affairs during Charles's reign, I feel rather inclined to believe we e " goud cause to rejoice for its discouragement of Po '.?' When the King was believed by the whole nation uih u t e a Papist, when the Queen was an avowed one, and knme h e Cond uc t o f severa l o f th e Bi s h o ps, especially ti -a most in favour at Court, was opposed to the doe- ese r as contained in our Thirty-nine Articles, it was high t nale for Parliament to support the national religion. In 14,°vIlla.tioentsslinds Archbishop of Canterbury, commenced - h ' n the divine service by introducing several of ° p l P i , a ' s - e , c t e i : n en 'onies, were the laity to he debarred the right g against these? (See p. 237.) tria l • hen "spin tells us elsewhere " that some new cere b Do were continually introdnced, especially at Durham w, °e tor Couzens, the Dean, as Angels, S tints, Crucifixes, stag Candles on Candlemas-day, &c." (Vol. 10, p. 191) e ir ,the laity still to remain silent? ch ur u e,n the King not only protected the enemies of the cu of England, but even promoted them to Bishop were 1 or other good benefices, (see 'lapin, vol. 10, p. 196), _ the laity wrong in feeling dissatisfaction? When it was known the printers and booksellers corn- Plan a of " the restraint of books written against Popery 4.:d C rna'nianil 'n, whilst a license was never refused to sait?aere compo se d i n f a vour of Popish or Armenian -a w "i" and this through the means of the then Bishop to su : 4l l or his Chaplains, was it improper of the laity Ah, -P " and to complain ? (See page 197.) laithe',,i", ° rds had the Bishops and the Clergy performed l ieari i - "Y their duty, it is not impossible that we should have Cl a j e l "' about puritans and puritanism. In King "• and r rs - ," time it seems that the most influential Bishops ti%,'ergY unfort unate l y were gree t cour ti ers a nd politi • thi t '' and that th e y sacr ifi ce d th e Kingdom of Heaven to tq i t w _ °r ld's glory. if we h ave no p ur ita ns now, we have • ter * , etr stead a sufficient number of conscientious dissen the (I use the w or d consc i ent i ous t o separate:them from ti fanatical a n d f ree -t hi n ki ng b o di es , w h ose li ves an d A°_,etnes accord b ut li tt l e w i t h t h e vo l ume o f I nsp i ra ti on .) toutio these t h ough they ought to be more or less attached a h ill ,Church of England, as being like " a city set upon • tt oett : l _ a visible Church in which sound and . primitive pur'e is taught and perpetuated, must and will hk . e t . e a fid it ana 'of Old, declare against those abuses in discipline which at the present time threaten our este • aesi ve c ' ci th rcligion with annihilation.—T . he free-thinker is j;`_ PoPe is active, and all the Dissenters are active. w hat does your Lordship think will be at last the con gqu~ee? I n the mean time your Lordship, no doubt for its private reasons, whilst loudly condemning the officious- Aighj 4f t . , , t he laity, will sing most harmoniously to the short . `` l As a gentle "lullaby." To these you may whisper ta re ; Ar ° the only judges of our own conduct, private in , th t will never interfere with our pullic duty, we bare i li :?yer and the wid to rectify, much has been done, tt ' s. li e a la s ; who is afraid?" In the mean time be • ta ttio 4 nave taken the liberty to call your Lordship's at eat t° sixteen of the laity, considered even by Parlii.a „, (-)n sever.l occasions, as well qualified to interfere in 14) IcZnastieal affairs, and when I ask " wl y the laity are • P. e „ le r !".' debarred the privilege of complaining against aufr er ,!j ust ical abuses, when laymen were before readily li g i o to take to active a part in the most important re- , T eu i t i t,4l fairs, is this such au answer as fought to receive . "to t ? Lord, this is a curious argument : . Because " Parliament have appointed Commisstoners to ennalue the Canons, and among them were some laymen, therefore any laymen may at any time voluntarily appoint theinselvei as a committee of Church grievances, " and call upon all others to act in a similar manner."—My Lord allow me to correct your mistake. Instead of ap pointing ourselves as a Committee of Church Grievances, we only put in practice our right as British subjects to petition against abuses which regard our own welfare, and which every ono who values true religion must sincerely wish to see corrected. Passing on to some points which may appear deserving of notice, for some of your Lordship's repetitions demand little attention, I stop one moment to ask whether the great Irish rebellion of 1641, and the execution of King Charles, were the sudden effects of immediate circum stances? In my humble opinion many causes had long com bined to sow the seeds of discontent both in England and in Ireland. History pointing to the previous reign, war rants me in saying so, and common sense can teach us, that to render a large population, scattered over an exten sive country, sufficiently disaffected, daring, and organized, to oppose the legitimate Govei nment openly, the motives of discontent must have been of several years' standing. I must therefore again protest against your Lordship's re newed attempt to intimidate. Disaffected as many may now be, I remain convinced " that Great Britain, and still more Ireland, is in a state more revolutionary than in 1628." But what is the most remarkable proof adduced by your Lordship in support of this opinion, noticing the distinction which I made between the bad and good Clergy of our Church, you say, " I shall only observe, that such attacks upon the Clergy, who do not belong to a particular class, are among the ♦ery strongest proofs, that a spirit now exists exactly similar to that which pre vailed in the unhappy times preceding the great rebellion in England." After this assertion, we, who venture to make such inconvenient distinctions between the useful aid useless Clergy—may next expect to be called by our Lordship, not " heathens and publicans," but enemies and rebels. Remarking that some of the Bishops not only voted for the Relief Bill, but even exercised their talents to persuade others tofollow their example, (one making a strange distinc tion between the words "idolatrous" and " idolatry," which I never can forget) and also remarking that nothing after this, may impede a Bishop from advocating on the grounds of expediency at somo future time, the change of faith, even in a King of England, I assert that every lay-member is called on to watch with a jealous eye, now more than ever, the conduct of those who were once regarded as the uncompromising guardians and champions of the Church of England. The sincerely pious Bishops who do their duty, instead of fearing, will redouhle their Chrictian labours, whilst traitors in the camp (should there be any) may not like to find all their actions so closely scrutinized. The next subject that claims attention, commences thus :—" It is with great regret that I come now to re mark in the manner in which I must remark, upon what your Lordship says, as to the parish of Moviddy." If I mistake. not this " great regret" may be promoted to the superlative degree, before your Lordship proceeds much farther. Premising that even by the 7th and Bth Geo. 4th—an Act I referred to in my former letter, it was not so extremely difficult to get a parish united previous to our Lay-meeting,, I beg to call your Lordship's atten tion to the return made by the Bishop of Cork to Par liament in the year, 1820.—Your Lordship will their find the parish of Illeviddy stated to be united in the year, 1818, and would your Lordship have me question the Bishop's assertion ? But I perceive you would search for a Union in 1818, in a return made to Parliament in the year 1806, I can assure your Lordship lam quite satis fied it will not he found there. Your Lordship says the Bishop of Cork never made the Union in question, and thus proceeds :—" It appears from the returns to Parlia- ment in 1806, that the Union of Aloviddy, Aglish, and Kilbonane had existed from time immemorial, and there fore it was not dissolved by the derth of the Incumbent in 1818." Now for the other side of the story. In the year 1615, the Bishops of Ireland made returns to the King's Commissioners of the state of their dioceses, and by these it appears there was then no union of Mo viddy, Aglish, Kiibonane, nor even Inniskenny. On the contrary all there parishes had separate Rectors or Vicars. The Incumbent of Inniskenny was John Bruck, the Vicar of Kiibonane Wtl3 Thomas Burden, the Vicar of Aglish his eon the Reverend 'Richard Plu: the Rece""il George Richards, so that after aa inquisitoi ri times—in these days of lieferticiti, , e—it appears your Lordship deserves the thanhs of tic puldic for having ap pointed not two, but one Curate more than there was formerly. As in the second example of those benefits your Lord ship has heaps(' upon your Diocese, you have prehably through modesty omitted to mention the name of the cler gyman or parish, I ought to allow you all the advantlees which are derivstl from the magnifying powers of imagina tion. Proceed, my Lord, with your unions of shadows, let us know how you have disposed of these frail things...— There is something so ghostly about them that otherwi,e they might escape the eye of enquiry. Flurrying over the Protestant lands which formerly were colonised by Protestants, and now by Papists, I come to the Board of First Fruits. This is a subject which ap pears to have strongly affected your Lordship's sensitive nerves. Had your Lordship told me in good humour what a miserable concern the Board was, I must have felt it a duty to bow a respectful assent. This might have been done without making every Radical bear witness to the polished way in which you can employ a negative. I am satisfied to be branded with ignorance, because I think the First Fruits ought to be levied to the full year's value of every ecclesiastical preferment. It is indeed quite con trary to the original intention that a two hundredth, nay even a three hundredth fraction of one year's tithe, should be often not payable for a parish by an incumbent. By 6 Anne, e. 17, e. 5, every Archbishop and Bishop was allowed to compound, and had four years for the payment of his First Fruits. And by the 26th Hen. 8, c. 3, the Chancellor had power to send in the King's name Com missioners, to inquire of true yearly values of all the ma nors, lands, tenements, hereditament!, rents, tithes, offerings, emoluments, and other profits, as well spiritual as temporal, appertaining to any such benefice or pro motion, and to certify same. And by first George 2d, c. 10, the Bishop of every Diocese, sede vacante, are required to inform themselves of the clear improved yearly value of every benefice with cure of souls, living and curacy, within their dioceses, and from time to time, with all con venient speed, to certify the same to the Governors of the Bounty. From hence we may plainly perceive, first, from the time allowed for the payment of the first fruits, that the paltry sum now paid, is not what was intended by our ancestors ; and secondly, we may guess that the frequent return of the improved yearly value had some reference to what ought to be paid to the Board. Your Lordship for. t ets that part of the tidies in ancient times were devoted to public works and charitable purposes, and that the sum paid to the first fruits once by a Clergyman, is a fair sub stitute for tidies, which he himself does no: pay. Thus has the public welfare been sacrificed to the interest of a favoured body—Churches have been suffered to sink into a Leap of, ruins—Congregations have-disappesred— whilst the oppressed Curate and his family have endured every possible privation. Your Lordship proceeds in these words—" With re spect to the Curates' Act, I know not what more could be done, that would not be injurious to the Church, and to the Curates themselves." What do you think my Lord, if a law was passed to suspend for the space of twelve months every Incumbent who should neglect, refuse, or evade paying his Curate the legal stipend ? And where the wants of the population in a parish require additional at tention, that the Bishop may have the power, and should exercise it too, to appoint one, two, or three active Curates, as is the practice of the Roman Catholic Bishops, who in this deserve some credit, for good management and cleverness? But here your Lordship again appears to for get the wants of our Protestant population. New conies the challenge to prove that curates are badly paid. And where shall I first begin ? Let it be in the diocese of Cork and floss, as 1 hear the Dean of Cork has gone off to Ferns to your Lordship's assistance. In stat ing particulars such as follow, without having had com munication with any of the curates on the subject, it might unavoidably occur that I am deceived in, perhaps, a single instance. I, however, am satisfied I possess pretty accu rate information, and where I happen to he wrong, of course your Lordship and your friend will set me right. In the city of Cork, the curate of St. Finn Barr's re ceives only what arises from occasional fees, and the pro fits of the church-yard. spllel of tl e immorality wi,ich may be found at times amongst our t.1,-i. t with regret. It became incumbent on me to do so, in miler to sliji,v the necessity of altering the presi•nt .vii•• scarcely any preventative apinst the cominis , . , n of toe foulest deeds. If only ten Clergymen in the ITuited Kin ; .;:lotn are suffered to bid the Liwis of religion ito•l infirality defiance ; and in open vio lation of that ,S creel prol , s•hoi tl.ey liitve embraced, to live in profiig.xy, from fivfects in enactments, I think there exists strong giounds for eut:iog for a remedy. The Cieigvman who is not restrained by the laws of God, ought to be punished by the laws of man, and the wolf in sheep's clothing ought not to be suffered to devour the flock. _ . Blame me, my Lord, if I deserve blame, but remember the words of the Prophet : " Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil, that put darkness for light, and light: for darkness, that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter. —(lsaiah, C. 5, v. ?0.) I have the honour to he, my Lord, Your Lordship's obedient humble servant, MOUNTCASHEL. S —Although this letter has been written some time, being desirous to verify the important facts it contains, I have deferred sending it to the press, until additional sa tisfactory answers to my queries had come to band. ORIGIN OF THE SAFETY LAMP. It was in attempting to measure the expan sion occasioned by the combustion of a mixture of fire damp (carburetted hydrogen) and com mon air, that Sir Humphry Davy discovered a fact,Swhich, by an ingenious and happy train of reasoning, led to the invention of his lamp. He ascertained that an explosive mixture could not be kindled in a glass tube so narrow as one seventh of an inch in diameter ; and that when two separate reservoirs of an explosive mixture were connected by a metallic tube, one-fifth of an inch in diameter, and 13 inch in length, and one of the portions of the gas was set on fire, the explosion did not extend to the other. Another equally curious fact was discovered during this investigation—namely, that a mix ture of fire-damp and air, in explosive propor tions, was deprived of its power of exploding by the addition of about one-seventh its bulk of carbonic acid, or nitrogen gas ; a fact which at once suggested the possibility of constructing s lamp, in which the flame, by being supplied with only a limited quantity of air, might produce carbonic acid and nitrogen, in such proportions as to destroy the combustibility of explosive mix tures, and which might also, by the nature of its apertures for giving admittance and exit to the air, be rendered incapable of spreading combus tion to the surrounding atmosphere, supposing it to be an inflammable one. This object was accomplished by the use of air-tight lanterns, supplied with air through tubes, or canals, of small diameter, or through apertures covered with wire gauze below the flame, and having a chimney at the upper part of a similar system for carrying off the foul air. The apparatus was afterwards simplified by covering or surrounding the flame of a lamp or candle with a cylindrical wire sieve, having at least six hundred and twenty-five apertures in a square inch. Within' the cylinder, when the fire-damp encompassing it is to the air as one to twelve, the flame of the wick is seen surrounded by the feeble blue flame of the gas. When the proportion is as one to five, six, or seven, the cylinder is filled with the flame of the fire-damp ; and, though the exte rior air is explosive, it is not kindled by it. Thus is the miner now enabled to penetrate into the deepest recesses, fearless of the fire daimon, who had, previous to this invention, brought so many of his unhappy brethren to a premature end ; the enemy is no sooner encountered than he is defeated, and may be seen harmlessly flut tering in the iron cage. There is something very like magic in all this ; and the author of such an invention a century ago would have stood a fair 1 chance of being burnt for witchcraft ; but we have to relate another property in this lamp that partakes still more of the marvellous. If a small coil of platinum wire be hung above the wick of the lamp, within the wire gauze cylinder, the following effects will take place :—after the ex plosive mixture has burnt for some time, it will expire, together with the lamp, and the miner would be left in impenetrable darkness ; but at this embarrassing moment the little coil of pla tinum will begin to glow with a light sufficiently bright to guide him into a purer atmosphere, when the heat thus produced will be sufficient to rekindle the lamp ! This phenomenon is to be explained upon a principle discovered during the progress of the inquiry into the nature of flame, which Sir Humphry Davy proved to re quire a high temperature for its maintenance. When, therefore, the combustion of the fire damp is reduced to so low a temperature as to be inadequate to that ignition of gaseous matter Which constitutes flame, it may still excite a temperature sufficient to render platinum wire luminous. arious applications of this prin ciple have been made for the construction of philosophical trifles, and which any of our readers may very easily repeat. For instance, all igni tion of platinum wire, giving light enough to read by, may be supported for many hours, by surrounding the flame of a common spirit lamp with small coils of the wire, not exceeding 1-100 of an inch in diameter. Twelve coils of this wire, twisted spirally round the tube of a to bacco-pipe, or round any thing that will render the coils about 3-20 of an inch in diameter, are to s,urround the wick. When the lamp, after being lighted for a few moments, is blown out, the platinum will glow, and continue in that state as long as there is a supply of spirit of wine. The spirit, during this slow combustion, is con verted into vinegar ; and hence an aromatic fu migating lamp, for a sick chamber, has been lately advertised for sale, and which is no other than the contrivance above described ; and it is evident that if the spirit be impregnated with • fragrantprinciples, ail aromatic vinegar will be , diffused in fumes through the apartment.—Ex tracted from a Biography of Sir Humphry Davy. was Thomas Davies, and the Vicar of Moviddy was Wil- Curate of Holy Trinity .£lO 0 0 per ann. or 38.10 d. a day. Hain Healy. Again, in the year 1633, the other grand Curate o or' St. P St. inn tul'4 69 4 71i or 3 9, tot, sian dcm. 69 4 7 1 ' ~,„ or •` Regal Visitation of Ireland," as it is called,was made, Curate Another to ditto ". 50 0 fO or or about s t ) ) which affords additional and later proof ant none of these Curate of St. Peter's , AnotherC,irateof St. Mars 69 47j or 3 9 to ditto 46 3 1 or about 2 6.i parishes were from time immemorial united. The Bishon's F handon 46 3 1 or 2 IN therein certifies, that Aglish was then held by Thomas Curate of St. Nicholas co 0 0 or 3 3K. Davies, as Vicar ; Kilbonane, er Kilvoynane, by Thomas By this statement it appears that not one of the curates Burden, as Vicar ; and Moviddy, by John Johnston, a s in the City of Cork receives 751. a year of the present cur- Vicar, all being separate and distinct benefices. Thus, reney. Some of these curates have already officiated for have we an example of what au union from time Mime- nearly 20 years. One Curate not long since, resigned from morial, in the' modern returns, means. Indeed, the dis- old age, having served the best part of his life at a salary tances between pseishes united to other good things, as' of 50/. Irish currency, or 461. 34. id. British. Another well as the times when they were united, according to died after having been for 40 years Curate of St. Peter's these modern returns are most perplexing and unsatisfac- Parish, at an annual salary of not more than 69/. 4s. 7iel. tory. As the documents I quote front are produced as leaving a family, who lam informed, are now in the most " legal evidence" in Courts of Law, I suppose their va- abject poverty. lidity will not be questioned.. And unless a parish is united The Rev. Mr. Baldwin is Curate of Inchigeelah. His by " Act of Council," it becomes ipso facto severed by Rector is a Pluralist, holding also the parish of St. Paul, the death of the incumbent. But I have shown from the in Cork, a most populous and important parish. The printed testimony of the Bishop of Curb that Moviddy Rector passes the greatest part of the year in Bath, where was united in ISIS. And though the parish of Innis- his family resides. Although an order was made to grant it keany, distant trout it eight miles, has been given (to use by the Archbishop of Cashel, yet this order has never been your Lordship's words) "to a stranger," 3'et I think the complied with. The Rev. A. E. is Curate of the lucrative Rev. Thomas St. Lawrence has not cause to complain, if parish of Skull, which is 16 miles in length, and con it be true, that 111oviddy pays under the Tithe Composi- tains so many Protestants, that on some days there are 200 tion Act, 507/., Aglish, 445/. 195., and Kilbonane, 2251. communicants ; the Rector is Archdeacon of Connor, (the 10s ,in the whole 1,176/. 9e. yearly, without valuing near most distant part of Ireland,) has not for many years one hundred acres of glebe land, and besides all this, hold- visited this Parish, and the only provision for the Citrate it ing ae he does, a large Prebend in the Diocese of Ross, and the Glebe House and land. The Rev. W. 8., is Rector of a Vicar-Choralship in the Cathedral. Need I say more ? the Union of Inniscarra, which produces under the Cern- As your Lordship has not called expressly on me to prove position Act, the sum of 1,150/. a-year. The Rector, a young the incorrect statements of a Bishop , f Cloyne, now no man of fashion, resides principally in England. The Rev. more, I readily follow the adage "De inortuis nil nisi J. G., his Citrate, has not received the augmented salary. bonus," especially, when we have cause to expect happy There has been in this living a most lamentable lapse to r esults fronsthe disposition of our present good Bishop, and Popery within the last twenty years, and only for the aae zealous and talented members of his amiable family, exertions of the present Curate, there would be now Your Lordship tells us " your Chapter situations, in hardly a poor P ro t es t an t a tt en di ng a Church, to whi c h eneral are a burthen instead of a benefit." How much was formerly atta c h e d a l arge congrega tion. Is your Lord are they who fill them to be pitied ? Is it not strange, my g, ship satisfied with th e s e f ew s p ec i me ns? If not, in my n e xt I can favour y ou w ith more . WeThere see practically the Lord, that Clergymen are so inconsiderate as to accept these burdensome appointments? But you would, of advantag e time people reap from the piety, the zeal, the learning, and th e di s i n t eres t e d ness w hi c h the present syst em course, first separate from these the rectorial tithes, which you affirm to have no connection with the cure of souls, as is likely to promote. Whilst the Lily pay their money, also the parishes with cure of souls, on which, you assert and time Curates, with some few honourable exceptions of the Dignitaries reside, a thing not always the case. As for pious incumbents, l a bour in the Lord's vineyard, ti me worldly minded, the indol en t ; a nd the gay, sit in the lap the estates held by Deans and Chaptere, your Lordship says nothing about these, and then time patronage ! No doubt, of luxury, liv e for th e m se l ves , an d t ur n to little profit th a t education your Lord s hip cons id ers o f so much importanc e . any Lord, you will also provide for these small matters, before you would finally condemn " our chapter situa- Yea, my Lord, I know thi s mom en t of one who has served tions." as Curate in a rich pari s h worth e leven hundred pounds But your Lordship appears inclined to retaliate on me, per annum, upwa r d s o f thi r ty-fi ve y ears . He has a 7 wife and would hint that I had better b e sil e nt, because I any- and seven childr e n to support on a s a l a ry of 691. 48.1e1., self, am a tithe proprietor. lam ready to allow Ido poa- which is about fi v ep ence t o eac h p er day. In a l e tt e r lately received from him, he writes, " I can with perfect seas tithes in the county of Ant r i m , over 1 b e lieve, several thousand acres of land, and I h ave reason a l so to believe, truth declare to your L or d s hip, th a t I find it extremely I have legal claims to much more in other parts, which difficult to provid e common f oo d, an d indiff eren t clothing for my poor c hild ren; b u t I am quite un a bl e the clergy, however, actually hole!. The people are almost all of the Church of Scotland, and are not deficient in Mi.• to procure a proper person to educate them." I Low ask any man who possesse s on e s park of Christianity, is nisters, and hut few members of either the Church of Eng,- land or Church of Rome are resident. I think the far- the 'present system un equit a bl e or a rational one? And when I meet with such*au i ns inuation as this applied to mers cannot complain of my exactions, as probably on an me, " y )tai' Lordship seems to think poverty useful to the average I do not get sixpence per acre—perhaps not three- Church," I almost fancy I can see the charge rebound pence. The whole amount of what I last year received from him it was unjustly ,thrown at, and quickly wing its on account of tithe, after deducting what was paid to Clergymen, amounted to exactly 101/. Is. 3d., a sum I way back to the genial place of its nativity. I hare little time now to examine tie two instances in hope to spend annually for the promotion of religion and morality. Still these tithes, I can with sincerity say, I which your Lordship ran your valuable life against would willingly relinquish, if the spiritual welfare of the Bishops' leases. lam sorry you " felt sensibly" that the speculation turned out to be a bad one. The public must people was likely to be promoted by the act. Being en by this time be quite convinced of your Lordship's spi tailed, I have, however, co power to dispose of them. I now come to a passage in your Lordship's letter which ritual inclinations, and that it is the welfare of the Church of England you have briefly at heart. You no doubt wish I think deserves to be transcribed. It is this— • d t men in holy orders. You dll have only well-educated "As to the list of Unions which your Lordship has in toPrince LEOPOLD dined with the Duchess o, your possession, of parishes which had previously sup- argue against an equal distribution of the incomes of the KENT, on Wednesday, at her apt tments in time King's ported separate clergymen, and separate churches, it clergy, (who differed from you?) only o n the g round of Palace at K ens i ng t on . its tendency to diminish the number of well qualified mini would, I think, not be fair to withold it till the time toThe French Ambassador had a long interview which you allude, as by so doing, the enquiry into the i sters. Can any one for a moment do u bt all thi s ? Bait with the Earl of ABERDEEN yesterday, at the Foreign facts will come too late to remedy the evil which the state- your Lordship allowing that it is the fluty of an incumbent Of fi ce. ment will produce. Take but the example of Moviddy to look after his Roman Catholic; parishioners, uses these , . words, " our clergy ought to attend to their Roman Ca- the American Minister had a conference Suppose it not to have been brought forward till that future day, and what a sensation would the statement of tholic parishioners, when they show any disposition to with Mr. VESEY FITZGERALD yesterday, at the Office of facts happening in your own country, made within your attend to their instructions, because it is th e ir duty." Do , a the Board of T r ade. own knowledge, produce? Believe me, my Lord, you n o t this my Lord imply that the sh ee p are t o l oo k a fter the I PRESENTATION OF KERRY.—A new can will find many cases like ,loviddy in your list." sshepherds first ? How much does this doctrine disagree didate ha, been mined within the last few days in the per with the excellent directions giv en by his G race th e Arch- son of the Earl of KERRY, the eldest son of the 31arquis Happy to find we agree in one thing, and briefly hinting that ancient documents are not wanting to throw light on t bishop of Tuain to his Clergy ! ! I don't know what sort of LANsnow NE . Thi s y o u n g Nobl e man is we believe of mental reservations your Lordship may melee, witen you of age, and h as lunc h distinguished himself in Col d Unions from time immemorial, 1 must hurry forward, or would persuade us th at ignorance an d i mmora lity are cot this letter will become too long.lege.—Tke Noble 31arquis has extensive estates in Reminding your Lordship that `c the true friends of the to be charged to Protestante in Ireland. I b e lerve we are Kerry, and th e p ros p ec t s of the young Earl are spoken of church earnestly hope that, with very few exceptions, all at first like weeds, which if cultivat e d in ti m e nursery of as by no mean s di s c o uraging. We understand that it is unions and pluralities will soon be abolished," (see my first knowledge and religion, may grad ua ll y lo se ou r noxious ' not the Noble L or d' s i ntent i on to oppose either of the pie letter), 1 beg to say a few words on the rich hying of Wes- qualities. But when little or bad cultiv a ti on i s used, the sent patriotic mem b ers f o r the county, and that he will ford to which your Lordship tells me you have made such effects arising ftotn the bad qualities of th e pl an t, become only offer him se lf t o t h e cons id e ration of the electors in the . valuable additions. Strange to say, the return for 1806, sufficient proofs of neglect. It is a disagreeable task for . event of a v acancy .— Thrice Mercury. (which was not made by your Lordship) ; makes the own- me to point out failings. They who do so with the best I T motives seldomthanks. Residing in Ir e lend, mixing HE CONSTITUENCY OF LoUTEI.--We om receive her of parishes in the union of Wexford to be no less thanhave just been infonUed by a gentleman who is well ace with the lower orders, probably more than your Lordship, sixteen, of which St. Iherius, and St. Selaker, then formed quainted with electioneering movements in this county", devoting my time and my thoughts to their spiritual and two. And your Lordship must also be incorrect when you that 311.. APClneence - has relinquished the canvass for' temporal improvement, and having no interest to induce say that there are two additional Curates appointed. I the representation in which he leel been for some time ac believeme to TINS-state, I think my testimony is not to be rejected, there is only one to the parish of Rathaepee, anti tively engaged, and we have learned from the same source, when I repeat that the lower order of Protestants of the two in Western. Now, in the life time of the Reverend that le could only count on 70 votes out of nearly 700 Church of England has been lamentably neglected, by too Mr. Elgee, before your Lordship became connected with registered ifreeholders now mialified in Louth.— Louth the Diocese, there were two Curates in Wexford, many of their spiritual teachers. exford, namely, Free Press, 1 From the commencement of this correspondence, I bays SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S. The betting continues dull. but not more so than usual at this season, whet the ni.uorits of the Gentlemea Sub .ct Piers ate partaking of tit. tyorts of the field ; nor is it like) , that the bu-imss will he at all heavy till after Christ mas, uul.,s a severe frost should occur, to make a diversion in favour of the Metropolis. The St. Leger betting will not assume an important character till after the nomination for it has closed (Jan. 1). The following were the closing prices yesterday : DEP.BY. 7 to 1 agst Sir Mark Wood's The Mummer 12 to 1 agst Sir Mark Wood's Cetus 13 to 1 agst Mr. Petre's 13runswicker 17 to 1 agst Lord Exeter's Nlalitnond 18 to I agst Mr. Chifney's Cressida colt 1S to 1 agst Mr. Thornhill's Wet Tyler 18 to 1 agst Lord Se!ton's Sall colt 20 to I agst Lord Cleveland's Mouse colt 22 to 1 agst Mr. Petre's The Major 22 to 1 agst Lord Sefton's 'Monate 25 to 1 agst Lord Sefton's Captain Arthur 25 to 1 agst Mr. Roberts's Sister to Sailor The others as before. OARS. 15 to 2 agst Lord Sefton's Mouehe 9 to 1 agst Mr. Stonehewer's Leeway filly 10 to 1 agst Lord Queensberry's Sister to Emma 15 to I agst Lord Exeter's Shumla 16 to 1 agst Lord Jersey's Filigree f. 17 to 1 agst Mr. Maberley's Zelus The Sister to Emma was backed freely at 1 0 to 1. HUNTING INTELLIGENCE. APPOINTMENTS FOE Till ENSUING WiIEE. The Cambridgeshire Hounds, o❑ Monday, at Caxton Gibbet ; Tuesday, at Warden Village ; and Friday, at Gaily Hill—at Half-past Ten. The Puckeridge Hounds, on Monday, at Thorley Church ; Wednesday, at the Crown, Chesterford ; and Sa turday, at Capons—at Half-past Ten. The Royston Harriers, on Tuesday, at I3arrington bridge ; and Thursday, at Five Hills, Therfield—at past Ten. The Doddington Harriers, on Tuesday, at Norwood Farm ; and Friday, at Orton's Thorns. The Brighton Harriers on Monday, at Patcltam ; Wed nesday, at the Race Cuurse ; and Friday, at the Dyke—at Haif-past Tun. The Brookside Harriers, on Monday, at Newraarket- Hill ; Wednesday, at Ashcondie, the alternate Wednesday at the Kennel ; and Friday, at Telscombe Tye—at Half past Ten. The Quorn Hounds, on Monday, at Rolleston; Tues day, at Bunney Park ; Wednesday, at Scraptoft ; Thurs day, at Brookesby-gate ; and Friday, at Oakley Wood—at Half-past Ten. Sir Richard Sutton's Hounds, on Monday, at Spittal ; Tuesday, at Blankney ; Wednesday, at NOI th Elkington ; Thursday, at Tetford and Kettlethorpe ; and Saturday, at Clay Bridges and Skellingthorpe Village—at Eleven. Lord Yarborough's Hounds, on Monday, at Swinhop house ; Wednesday, at Somerliy-house ; Friday, at Hainton house, and Saturday, at Roxton Wood—at Elerea. The Cheshire Hounds, en Monday, at Abbey Arms ; and Wednesday, at Darnhall—at Half-past Ten. SPARRING AT THE TENNIS COURT. Yesterday Isaac Dobell took his benefit, hut, on account of the state of the weather, there were few perwns present to patronise him. ORDER OF SETTING-TO. Fox Donovan and Smith.—The Fox had the mns► cunning in the game. The East-end Sailor Boy and Yardley intended to show off, but the latter was so drunk that he was hissed off the stage, and a little Jew, named Is sacs, took his place, and made a most beautiful set-to with the Sailor, and it would be difficult to say which had the best ef it. Cosins got the best of the Cheshire Hero. Peter Crawley and Tom Shelton had a friendly turn up; and Tom Spring and Tom Gaynor made a neat light play w ind-u p. Dohell, in returning thanks, complained of the manner in which he hid been treated by the papers, in the report of his fight on Tuesday last. He informed the audience that he would satisfy them that the hurt i❑ his arm was not a pretended ailment, for he could produce for their individual inspection, a certificate from the two medical gentlemen. We may remark on this particular, that with regard to reports, however we may regret that the feelings or inte rests of individuals may be affected, we can only comply with the strict dictates of our duties, namely to state the facts without hesitation, as they meet our eye ; having done so the parties and the public must adjust their mat ters as they please. The Duke and Duchess of CLARENCE en tertained some of the members of the loyal Family and a select party to dinner yesterday, at their residence in Bushy Park. Viscount STRANGFORD transacted business yesterday at the Foreign Office. Despatches from Sir ROBERT GORDON, our Ambassador at Constantinople, for the E:trl of Anr.rtDEF.s, were brought by a King's Messenger to the Foreign Office on Wednesday night. The Messenger also brought despatches from Lord CowLEY, at Vienna. Despatches from Sir FREDERICK ADAM, the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, and from Mr. DAWKINS, cur Resident in Greece, Were brought by a Messenger to the Colonial Office on Wednesday night. Mr. KEAN has been engaged at Drury-lane Theatre, and will make his appearance there next week. His engagement took place under the following circum stances:—He came to town on Sunday last for the pur pose of playing three nights for the benefit of Covent garden, and intimated his intention of performing Richard, Sir Giles Overreach, and Work, on the Monday, Wednesday, and Friday nights, in the following week. This offer was, however, declined, as Miss F. KEMBLE appeared on those evenings ; and Mr. KEAN was informed that he might play on the other three nights. He pe remptorily refused to act on any other nights but those on which he hod been accustomed to appear, and immediately closed with the offer of the lessee of Drury-lane, having given up engagements at Liverpool, Manchester, and Bir tningltam, that he might fulfil his promise to Covent garden. Some time ago, an amateur took the place of the organist at Windsor, whose principal object was to " show off' in his execution. He began one of Dr. BLow's anthems, but just as he had finished the first yeses part, and began the chorus, a full stop was put to the voice of the instromtnt. DICK, the bellows-blower, was sent for, and asked what was the matter ? Dick—The— matter? Why I've played the anthem below. Amateur Aye, that may be, but I've not played it above. Dich— No matter, Sir; you might have made store baste. 1 know how many puffs go to one of Dr. BLow's anthems as well as you do. I have not played the organ so many years for nothing. While in the vicinity of Newstead Abbey, I heard many interesting pat titulars of BYRON'S first love— a disappointed passion, which tinged the whole of his fu ture lie. Near Newstead stands Annesly Hall, a house as considerable and venerable as Newstead itself, and the daughter of the ownerVlr. CHAIVORTII, was an heiress of immense fortune, interesting and amiable, but about four years older than Byaos. He fell in love with her, but she had formed an early attachment for a Captain Mus- TIERS, of the Nottini,Thatn Militia, whom she married. After she had had some children, she fell into a lot* state of mind, and separation was the consequence; but on re covering 511:o has been re-united to her husband, and has since borne him several children. She still lives, but has long been in very infirm health. l3YooN's passion forms the subject of his justly celebrated Dream, printed with the Prisoner of Chilton, but so exquisitely beautiful, and so tenderly affecting, as to deserve to be printed in letters of gold.—Sir R. Phillips's Tour. JAMES MONTGOMERY, the poet, a man whose moral influence at Sheffield effects as much as a hundred thousand pounds effects in towns less intellectual, wss originally a shop boy nt Wadi, and came to Sheffield as clerk to GALES the bookseller. On the flight of GALES he succeeded to his newspaper ; but, within three or four years, was twice imprisoned. The world will require no de descriptionlof Mr.MONTGOMERV'S worts, but a more single hearted man does not exist. He resides with the maiden sisters of :JosEru GALES, who kept a bookseller's shop; and his style of living is the most simple and unaffected that can be imagined. His paternal religion is Moravian, but as:there is no Moravian establishment in Sheffield, he attends other chapels. In his domestic habits, he is as devout as be appears in his works. Ile is now about sixty' years of age. 1 conclude, from his hours of daily sec'u sion, that we may expect ode: works from his pen. —Sir Richard Tour. SPIRIT OF THII PUBLIC; JOIRNALS. At length despatches have been received from Sir R. Gordon, announcing that the ratifications of the late treaty have been exchanged. between Count Diebitsch, on the part of his Sovereign, and the Turkish Ministers ;—that a part of the Russian force has already retreated from Adria- nople, and that the remainder will speelilv fol low. As to what is still to be done between the Russian and Turkish Governments we take for granted that there is an intention on the side of Turkey, from a sense of good faith as wolf as weakness, to fulfil to the utmost tho hard conditions to which she has subscribed ; and on tile side of Russia, from a consciousness of power to enforce them. If, indeed, the pecu niary exaction be not diminished, and that con siderably, we do not see how the most strenuous efforts of the Sultan can accomplish the pay- ment of sums so enormous ; nor flow the most ingenious exercise of Russian rigour can squeeze them from her impoverished and worn-out vie- tim. Russia must have known much better than any Court in Europe the limit of the Ottoman resources, when she dictated those harsh terms of which Turkey now complains ; and that we think the most suspicious circumstance of any apparent in the conduct of the Emperor. If a territorial equivalent be now demanded as the price of relaxing from the extreme condition as to money, the object which we have frequently pointed out as probable will have become mani fest to all the world, and the true spirit of the war-policy of Russia will be so laid naked, that none can affect to misconstrue it. Let us, how- ever, hope for a result of this crisis more credit able to the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh, and more satisfactory to Europe.—Times. The narrative of the proceedings in the Vice- Chancellor's Court, regarding a pauper case, with some accompanying strictures, which ap peared in the Chronicle of Wednesday, drew from the Standard, of Wednesday evening, some excellent observations on the judicial wants of this country. The observation of Lord Redes - dale, that " in Ireland there is one law for the rich, and another for the poor," received from . - our contemporary this very happy qualification, " that it affirmed of Ireland what it would be gross flattery to predicate of our own countrv. Lord Redesdale. is said to have spoken of the administration of Civil Justice, and so speak we ; and thus speaking, we assert, that so far front there being one law for the rich, and another for the poor in England, all the law is on the side °jibe rich, and all against the poor." After noticing the case above alluded to, our contem porary observes— " Things of this kind happen nearly every day ; and will continue to happen in still greater numbers, without some change in our mode of administering what we comically miscall justice. It is notorious; that no prudent man will sue a person whose ho nesty he suspects for a hundred pounds at law, or for fire hundred pounds in equity, because a pru dent man knows that an unscrupulous opponent may, in the progress of a suit at law, put him to two or three hundred pounds cost ; while in equity expence is boundless, and the duration all but inter minable. On the other side, a prudent man will scarcely resist a claim in lily or equity for these re spective sums, if he have reason to fear that his claimant creditor is prepared to play the whole game. The high-spirited, indeed, find it a difficult thing to bend before such considerations; but, we must repeat it, a prudent man, if he be poor, will yield as far as he can, rather than walk barefoot even in the most solemn triumph of justice. It is, then, only to the wealthy that the law of England admi nisters ; and, looking at the toil taken by her bill of costs, she hardly administers it in full measure to them, while, for the poor there is no law, though it may be made a very grievous instrument of cppres. sion against them. This, too, is a state of affairs which is yearly getting worse and worse ; and yet we have had Chancery Commissioners, and Com mon Law Commissioners, end all the other appara tus of inquiry, illusion, and expellee: and what have they done ? They have done, we suspect, all that. they were intended to do; they have staved off the day of reform, filled the pockets of some of the Corn missioners, and added to the number of those huge folios, a whole library of which, magnificently bound, was sold at the Earl of Liverpool's auction the other day for twenty guinea:, a fifth part of the price of binding, and not the tenth part of what the psper was worth before it was soiled with the wisdom of Parliament and Parlinmentary Commissioners. The Common Law Commission has, indeed, undesignedey given us some other information, and no small value. By sheaving how the present idite of the Bar can reason, can write, and arrange their matter, it has given uq a key to the literary and intellectual rank of that learned profession. " Mr. Peel, it must be remembered, began his Law Reform without Commissioners, and he began well; but, unfortunately, he wanted on that occa sion, as he did on another more important one, that moral courage which never had other foundation in any man than a full consciousness —first, of his own, integrity, Next, a thorough conviction of the sount/s ness of own views. " Mr. Peel's views in law reform were sound, but he wanted the first essential foundation of moral courage; and when Mr. Brougham and Sir James Sca!lett began to talk in the slang of the Inns W: Court, he took fright, and skulked behind a com. mission. " The Commissioners set about their business like true lawyers. Instead of stumbling at the threshold upon the remedy, to find which they were delegated, as any plain man would have done, they opened an inquiry into the nature of all things which might be the of of litigation ; all hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal; every thing that can be given or received, promised or expected—a field o inquiry running over all substances and mixed modes, boundless, in a werd, as the ten categories ; and having entered upon this field, they then engaged in a promising plan for classing all that they should find therein, and regulating the courses by which they should pass. They might as well have cut patterns for the clouds, or written an ephemeris of instruction for the course of the winds ;—prorery will take shapes which no human sagacity can anticipate, and pass in channels uncont rived by Legislators, channels which Legislation can neither open nor close. The real remedy, however, which the lawyers did not see, who seen by every body else; it had been, in deed, suggested in Parliament, and in part adopted, until it was found out that it would ruin some regis, trar of pleas quartered on the public by a statesman or Magistrate of the last century. The lawyers, a shrewd race when their own interest is concerned, were not slow to- calculate that what fell heavily upon the registrar of pleas, must light upon the makers of pleas also. They took fright,and frightened Mr. Peel; and for a legal reform, the country bus that monument of ingenious disquisition and grace ful writing, the Common Law Report. The remedy was not the development of any new principle, not the empirical exhibition of any untried nostrum—it was merely a recurrence to old principles, and a restoration of institutions nearly as old . a s Eaglisk history. It was to rerive the county,, courts, to give them competent judges (such judges us we scud to our colonies, where justice is much more satis factorily administered than at home), j and to tn laige very considerably the jurisdiction of thes e courts, both in law and in equity, limiting the costs to a very low rank of Les. This reforni was easily practicable—it was safe—and would have been ade quate. Therefore, we suppose, it was that it was not adopted," 01 , r contemporary has, unintentionafly, no