The Sun. — London, England, 1859-10-26 00:00:00

BENSON'S : W AT CHES. " Perfection of mechanism:" —Morning Post. Gold Watches .................. 4 to 100 guineas. Silver Watches ................ 2to 50 guineas. 33 and 31, Ludg a te -hill, London, E.C. Bend 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet on Watches. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GA RDEN. Under the management of Miss L. Fyne and Mr.W.11111719 011 . THIS EVENING, DINO R A H. Messrs. Santley, H. Corri, St. Albyn , and W. Harrison. Misses Pilling, Th wall, and Miss Louisa Fyne. Conductor, Alfred Mellon. DIVERTISSEMENT. Mlles. Lequine, Pasquale, Pier ron, and Mons. Vandris. Commence at 8 o'clock. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. TUTS EVENING the performancea ll commence with THE ROAD TO RUIN. Mr. C. Mathew wi s. And PAUL FRY. Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews. Commence at 7. YA L P L R I THEATRE.--Srls WITS EVENING, the pessee , erformances will commence with HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. G. Melville; Ghost, Mr. Ryder; Ophelia, Miss Carlotta Leelereq. To be followed by a dramatic tableau in Watteau colours, by J. K..Planclxe, Esq., entitled LOVE AND FORTUNE. NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, AD ELPHI. NSole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Ben). Webster. Open for the Winter Season. THIS EVENING will be performed ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Chas Selby, and Miss Kelly. After which, THE WILLOW COPSE. Luke, Mr. Ben. Webster; Hulks, Mr. David Fisher ; Au,g-ustus, Mr. J. L. Toole ; Staggers, Mr. Paul Bedford. Followed by LOVE AND HUNGER. Mr. David Fisher, Mr. Paul Bed ford, C. Selby, C. J. Smith, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- Office open front 10 to 5. No charge for securing f ea t s , nor fer bills of performance. AU fees to serva thi es t a bli s hment are strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West - minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen gers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING, Poole's comedy, THEY'RE BOTH TO BLA3IE. Messrs. Leigh Murray, Barrett, Walter Carle ; Mesdames Frank Matthews, Murray, Catharine Hickson. After which the successful Ballet Farce, by John Oxen- Thompson, entitled MAGIC TOYS, support xl by Miss Lydia Miss Clara St. Casse, and a numerous Corps de Ballet. To conclude with the New and Original Burlesque, by L. Buckingham, Esq., of VIRGL.NIUS ; or the Trials of a Fond Papa. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, Is. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half- p ast six ; perform ance commences at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough THIS EVENING, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN EGGS. After which THE GItEAT RUSSIAN BEAR; or, An other Retreat from Moscow. Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE LADY OF LYONS. And CAUGHT BY THE EARS. Commence at 7 o'clock. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE , Westminster-road. Sole Lessee ..... ....Mr. William Cooke.' Brilliant reception of the New Historical Drama, by Dra- Tom Taylor, Esq., called G.VRIBALDL sus t a i n ed by a New matic Company, full Stud of beautiful Horses, Characterist forthic Costumes and Picturesque Scenery. Engagement limited period of the Great Delavanti troupe, Gymnasists par excellence ; also, Little Menda, the most Wonderful Juvenile Equestrian in the World. Scenes in the Circle by Star Riders and talented Equestrians. Terminating with a Laughable Farce. Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS. — EVERY EVENING.—The Nusie of Verdi's Opera of MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con certs). And a Grand Selection from Meyerbeer's new opera of DINORAH. Comic Vocalists -Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critelifield, and E. W. Mackney. Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. THE WEATHER.—Smi OFFICE, OCTOBER 26. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 52—highest since noon yesterday. 48—lowest this morning and during the night. 49—this day at noon. _ _ Benomml-29.38. WlND —South-westerly, strong breeze, with fine weather. lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, lh. 32m.—Afternoon, lh. 53m. To-Moßßow-Morning, 2h. 13m.—Afternoon, 2h. 33m. 4/ I ? LA A . se n „,..6 173. , z ; _ • THE SUN. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1859. " UNION is strength "—says the old proverb. There are some cases, however, in which Union is productive only of weakness, and occasionally even of a weakness amounting to nothing less than actual paralysis. Of this exceptional character certainly the Trades Unions form at times terribly vivid illustrations. The intermittent Strikes origi nating in them paralyse trade, attesting while so doing the weakness of the victims involved in all the ruinous consequences of these cruel, and tyrannous, and pitiless Associations! A weakness so absolute of its kind that the unfortunate work men are revealed to the world in the midst of these miserable Strikes as powerless in their utter subjec tion to the central authority as the obedient slaves of the old mysterious Vehmgericht. The honourable member for the city of Edin burgh, Mr. ADAM BLACK, the eminent publisher and bookseller, on Saturday evening very lucidly argued the whole of those weighty problems of Wages, Trades Unions, and Strikes, in the course of an elaborate and masterly lecture on that three fold theme, addressed to an audience of two thou sand working people. Through the medium of the public journals, Mr. BLACK'S can did, cogent, and as we conceive them to be, perfectly convincing arguments, will go forth to the consideration not of thousands but of mil lions of working people. They are addressed to the working classes personally in fact through the true electric telegrams, the newspapers, and they are addressed to those classes, avowedly by one who is proud to call himself a working man also. The arguments of the member for Edinburgh will be found upon examination to be no loose and dis jbinted notions strung together in an idle hour or two by one who has crammed for the occasion, like the majority of amateur lecturers, upon all varieties of subjects, selected from literature, art, science, and philosophy. Mr. ADAM BLACK has studied mani festly, and studied not only readingly but think ingly, at the feet of that great Economic GAMALIEL, that famous namesake of his own, who is distin guishable among all the numerous race of SMITHS by the magnificent title of Author of" The Wealth of Nations." Beyond any book-learning, however, upon these vital problems of Social and Political Economy taken by him into consideration at a period peculiarly opportune, and before an audience in its character necessarily the most likely to be fully appreciative, Mr. BLACK enjoys the advan tages accruing to him from his own prolonged personal experience ! The advantage of re-mrdinc, 0 these problems (worked out over and over again by himself in detail) through the light thrown upon them by his own lengthened labours in the highest sense as a Workman, and by his own long realised and fully comprehended responsibilities as an Employer. At the outset of his valuable and practical observations on Saturday, he remarks to his audience This subject is one of very great importance, as it seriously affects the peace and prosperity of the country, tha accumulation of capital, and the protection of property ; and it more especially affects the happiness of the opera ratives and their families." [Row far it does so, we ourselves took occasion to intimate only as recently as yesterday.] And Mr. BLACK goes on then immediately afterwards to observe, " It is a question, moreover, requiring an attentive consideration of first principles, with their bearing upon the common business of life; at the same time, it is one which is much fobscurecf by the ani mosities and excited feelings occasioned by the sufferings of both masters and _men in their un happy contests." By way of timely and vivid illus tration, of some of which first principles the honour able member for Edinburgh then puts the case clearly before the judgment of these keen sighted working-men in the manner follow ing Let us assume," he says, "that the average rate of interest [for money] is 5 per cent. when laid out upon good security and without trouble to the capitalist. If a capitalist, having £lO,OOO, is desirous of speculating with it, so as to bring him in a larger return than ordinary interest, he may invest it in a cotton mill, or in building a ship, or in publishing books, or in any other specu lation ; but, as all trading or commercial specula tions are liable to greater risks than money lent on good security, and as trade demands careful superin tendence, he is entitled to a return considerably higher than he would receive from the funds, or from lending it on the security of property. Sup posing, then, the ordinary rate of interest to be 5 per cent., a prudent man would not engage in a manu facturing or mercantile speculation unless it pro mised at least 8 to 10 per cent. ; say, then, that dui._ ing the year he employed 20 men at 20s. a-week, the wages of the men would be £l,o4o—the inte rest of his money at 8 per cent. -would be £BOO, from which he would have to pay insurance, bad debts, and small items, and he would require some remuneration for his own skill and superintendence, say double the wages of a common workmen, £lO4 ; then, to render this speculation worth carrying on, it ought to yield an annual profit of £1,944; and i it was a work requiring £lOO,OOO, and employ ing 200 men, then the annual returns should be just ten times greater. It would be rash to speak positively on this subject, as profits are effected by so many accidental circumstances, but this esti mate will serve to explain the nature of the trans action. Let us see, then,:what would be the effect of the 20 workmen demanding a rise in their wages from 20s to 255. This would be an additional de duction from the profits of £260 annually, which would reduce the return on the capital employed to £540, or little more than the interest, of money lent on property ; in. which case, if the capitalist were a prudent man, he would as soon as possible withdraw from the trade, and the men would be thrown idle." Now, there is no getting over an argument like this. Facts and figures such as those here grouped together—not speciously, not over in geniously, not disingenuously, but as simply and frankly as any facts and figures can in any way be at all expressed—are such truly stubborn things that they absolutely defy contra diction. " Whatever" Mr. BLACK then candidly assures the labouring men who are listening to him, to the number of two thousand on Saturday at Edinburgh, but now, and for some time to come, we doubt not, to the number of many hundreds of thousands all over the United Kingdom—" Whatever diminishes the wealth of the capitalist injuriously affects the workman." And he forthwith proves the validity of the assertion, to the apprehension of the meanest capacity by the most epigrammatic logical device of all the reductio ad absurdum. " If," says he " any sudden reverse were to come upon the rich, by which their wealth was to be annihilated, it would be one of the greatest calamities that could befal the labouring classes; the country gentleman would be obliged to pay off his servants ; the improvements on his estates must be stopped, and those employed upon them dis charged; the manufacturer would not have the means of carrying on his operations and employing workmen ; the builder would have no demand for new houses. This," he adds, of course, "is suppos ing an extreme and improbable case, but by look ing at the extreme case we more clearly discern the effects of the same causes in , mitigated circum stances." Obviously for the effect (though, of course, in a lesser degree, or rather, we should say, in a manner more individualised) must be the same through the capitalist or em ployer, the same (though in a lesser degree) as that imagined to occur through the Rich, or, so to ex press it, the Employers of the Employers. It were idle, however, to follow Mr. BLACK through the whole chain of his admirable and manly arguments link by link. There is his lecture now formally and verbatim before the public to be scanned and studied, as we earnestly hope it will be scanned and studied by the mass of the labouring population. It is a worthy companion lecture to one we well remem ber, as having been delivered some five or six years ago by the hon. and learned gentleman late M.P. for Midhurst, the thoughtful and, in many respects, masterly lecture on Labour delivered by Mr. SAMUEL WARREN shortly before his first entrance into the Commons House of Parliament. Before concluding our remarks upon Mr.BLACK'S address to the workmen of Edinburgh, we cannot but refer to his noble and scornful reprehension of the malign tyranny exercised over the working classes by these inner dictatorial associations. " One wonders," he says, "how sensible men —men calling themselves free-born Britons—have so long submitted to the dictation of this secret tribunal. We are accustomed to laud free national constitu tions, but freedom to act in all social relations in such a way as will be most conducive to a man's own happiness, uncontrolled either by prince or priest, or by any committee of his own trade, is the most invaluable of social privileges. Britain has expe rienced the blessings of free trade, and I hope and believe that our countrymen are determined to re sist every attempt to deprive them of this source of national prosperity, and guard it with the greatest jealousy." We should hear no more of these miser ably ruinous Strikes—we may be tolerably certain ofthat—if the working classes could only be brought once clearly to understand, what is literally the truth, that their evil influences fall almost entirely upon the working classes themselves. We are now practically reminded that we have a distinguished ally. On the principle that every man ought to be willing to pay for his honours, what ought we not willingly to pay for the honour of the NAPOLEON Alliance ? If our LEATHAMS, CHARLESWORTHS, and CARDENS will spend four or five thousand pounds for the honour of representing us, ought we, the represented, to complain of pay ing eightpence in the pound on one half-year's income, nineteenpence in all, because a NAPOLEON occupies the throne of France ? We know all about the coming demand, to be sure; but tax paying is one of those inevitable evils which we shut our eyes to till the moment they overtake us ; and which, therefore, always seems to overtake us suddenly. Oar rent, to be sure, is a very regular demand; but we glance around, and like the look of our accustomed dwelling-place, and probably think it worth the money, as houses go; and our grocer's bills, and certain others which our wives and daughters present—. Well, we have had a quid pro quo, and we are partial to our tea and coffee, and the last new gown, minus always the crinoline, suits our taste, so we cheerfully pay. Not so with a tax—above all, with an income tax— that dead pull upon us. What do we see for it ? Our very post-rates serve us for a reply to the beggar; and water, and pavements, and lights are daily conveniences—but this vile income tax, and this viler Bd. addition to it, what do we get for that ? Answer," A fieot of new ships." And what do we want new ships for ; did we not build plenty during the Russian war? Answer," His Majesty, our faithful ally, the Emperor of the FRENCH, wills it—He will build, and we can but imitate him." In plain English, there is no reason on earth why we should now be paying much more than double income tax, but the schemes, whatever they may be, of the man who is master of France, and, there with, absolute master of half a million of soldiers, of a fleet nearly as large as our own, and of 40,000 sailors, whom he can any day order to man it, and . sail it to our shores. Disguise it as we may, every additional penny we pay this year is wantonly ex tracted from our pockets by . NAPOLEON 111. While we had been napping after the Russian war, we one fine morning found out that he had about overtaken us in steamships of the line, and that if his whim should be, any day, to fulfil what he has declared to be his destiny—to avenge Waterloo, and to do it on the coasts of the country whose general had defeated his uncle, and whose Prince Regent had sent him to end his days on a rock— we should have hardly a ship to spare from the mere defence of the Channel. This looked some what unpleasant. Our first Lord of the Admiralty rubbed his eyes, took up his predecessors' estimates, which he had at first cut down, asked for more money, and even then spent four or five millions more than he asked for, to hurry on the ships that were begun ; and that five millions we are paying this Michaelmas. It is the LOUIS NAPOLEON Eight- pence. But we may well begin to ask how many more NAPOLEON'S eightpences are we to pay ? That no one knows. At present the man seems determined to give us a run. It is not denied that if, as a con tinental Power, he has a right to an army four or five times as big as ours, we, as an insular Power, with our innumerable colonies, have a right to a correspondingly large navy. If we have consider ably the larger navy, but no army that we could spare for an invasion, we could not materially injure France; if France, again, has considerably the larger army, but not a navy that could cope with ours, she could not use her large army to invade us. Common sense indicates the kind of force which each should keep to be practically on equal terms. Yet obvious as all this is, the EM PEROR strains every nerve to equal us in ships, while he outstrips us five to one in soldiers ! Can he have an honest motive ? It is he himself who raises these questions. Even in the days of the hot-headed young JOINVILLE we were not menaced by a deter mination that we should not have, if possible, a ship afloat more than France. Now, no sooner is it seen that England has built a few more ships than France, than we read of fresh vessels ordered,-- steel-plated vessels,—the plates able to resist for hours a sixty-eight pounder at short range ! Does the EMPEROR really think to beggar our Exchequer ? SHARPLEY, the acting briber at Wakefield, said his chief business was to go among the Conservative electors, and by " insinuating' offers of larger sums, to make the Conservatives pay handsomely for their election, even if they got it. Does the EMPEROR mean to make us pay handsomely for our fleet if we are determined to be superior to France on the ocean, as she is to us on the land ? He may rest assured the attempt is utterly futile. While we might curse him as we pulled the Napoleon's eightpences out of our pockets, we should pay it for all our lives, rather than subsist as a nation at his imperial will and pleasure. We might also begin to consider whe ther it is well for us to supply, with coal especially, the man who was putting us to such enormous ex.- , penses. Coal is now a munition of naval war. Or has he any deeper design ? Does he intend to be master of the Mediterranean ? It is a favourite idea with our vain-glorious neighbours, who, with their little trade, yet covet the display of power. What mean these interferences in the Spanish freak with Morocco. Is it the purpose to get a footing, by alliance with Spain, in new ports of the Mediterranean ? Does he intend to add the occu pation of Ancona to that of Rome, since he cannot get hold of Central Italy ? And is even the unlucky Suez Canal a visionary part of the same scheme—of making the Mediterranean a French lake ? - To such questions no one, of course, can yet give an answer; of one thing we may, however, be pretty sure, whether he be plotting against us or against our outlying possessions, he is determined that he will not be second to us by sea, while he is vastly ahead of us by land ; and then, whatever ambitious project he may cherish in the East or the West—he will pursue it with an impunity his uncle never enjoyed. We would, however, just whisper in his ear, France may build ships, but she cannot build NELSONS. LORD I. RU6SELL AND 7RE SPANISH ECCLESIASTICAL AUTHORITIES. A demand having been made by the Spanish ecclesiastical authorities for the disinterment of an English child, who had been buried in a Protestant cemetery at Denia, in the province of Valencia, in consequence of its having been baptised by the sur geon who assisted at the birth, and who was a Roman Catholic, an appeal was made to Lord John Russell, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, who instantly took steps to protect the parents from molestation, and to prevent the Spanish ecclesiasti cal authorities from carrying their threat into exe cution, as will be seen by the official answer, viz. :— " Foreign Office, Oct. 15. " Sir, —I am directed by Lord John Russell to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the `29th ult., inclosing a statement received by you from Mr. G. Graham, relative to a demand which had been addressed to him by the parish priest of Denia, in the province of Valencia, requiring him to disinter the body of his child, which had been buried in the Protestant cemetery ; and 1 am to acquaint you that the British Consul - at Alicante having, in conse quence of the representation made to him by the British Vice-Consul at Denia, brought Mr. Graham's complaint before Mr. Buchanan, the British Minis ter at Madrid, Mr. Buchanan has addressed to the Spanish Minister 'for Foreign Affairs a formal re monstrance against the proceedings of the ecclesias tical authorities in this matter:XLord John Russell has approved of the steps taken by Mr. Buchanan for the protection of Mr. Graham, and has in structed him to use every endeavour to secure that gentleman from molestation on the part of the ecclesiastical authorities. " I am, Sir, your obedient humble servant, " E. HAMMOND." His Excellency the Turkish Ambassador has arrived at St. Leonards from Paris. His Excellency and Madame Musurus and family s ill return to town to-day from St. Leonards. His Excellency the Austrian Minister arrived at Chandos House on Monday evening, from visiting the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury at Hatfield. The Duke and Duchess of Richmond are expected in town in a few days from Scotland. The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby have [eft the St. George's Hotel for Brighton. _ _ _ The Earl and Countess of Abergavenny have left Birling Manor for Bridge Castle, Kent. The Earl of Winchelsea his left the St. Gcerge's Hotel. The Earl of Kilmorey has left the St. George's Hotel. Lord Panmure has arrived at Brechin Castle for the winter from Invermark, his lordship's shooting quar ters in the north. Lord and Lady Wodehouse have arrived at their residence in Bry anston-square, from Kimberley Park, Norfolk. The Right Hon. the Speaker and Lady Charlotte Denison have arrived at Osslington Hall, Notts, from Long well, the Duke of Portland's shooting box in Caithness shire. Sir W. "Hylton Jolliffe, M.P., qualified at the quarter sessions held at Wells last week to act as a magis trate for Somorsetshire. The right hon. baronet subse quently left Ammerdown Park for Knowsley, on a visit to the Earl of Derby, THE SUN, LONDON WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 26, 1859. The Right Hon. Sydney Herbert, M.P., and Mrs. Herbert are entertaining a select circle at Wilton, in cluding his Excellency the Belgian Minister and Madame Van de Weyer, the Right Hon. Sir George and Lady Grey, the Right Hon. Sir George C. Lewis, General Sir E. Lngaard; Count Strzlecki, Hon. Geoi•ge H. C. and Lady Alice Byng, the Right Hon. J. and Hon. Mrs. Stuart Wortley, &c. LETTERS, &C., TO VIE WEST COAST OF AFRICA. —Yesterday the royal mail screw steamer Athenian, Lowry, commander, left Liverpool with the mail, 66 passengers, and a considerable cargo for Madeira, Teneriffc, and the West Coast of Africa. The Armenian is the stc amer which brings the next homeward mails due in Liverpool on the Bth of November next._ MINISTERS ON HlRE.—There is an hotel in the city where a certain number of broken-down ecclesiastics are always "on hand" with a couple of sermons in pocket, If a clergyman is called suddenly out of town, or taken ill on the Saturday night, or hindered from preaching by any accident, he has only to send down a messenger and a reverend gentleman flies to him : the sermon is at his ser vice for the sum of one guinea, or less.—The Habits of Good Society. SINGULAR MOUSE'S NEST.—In cutting a four pound loaf of bread a few days ago in a farmer's family at Barnwell, near Oundle, a small orifice was observed, and on being followed up to the centre of the loaf a mouse's nest was discovered, snugly and warmly constructed of the leaf of a copybook, tom int( shreds, on which reposed nine young mice, apparently just brought into the world. What makes it more singular is that the loaf was baked only on the preceding day.—CambriVe Independent Press. BEARS IN WISCONSIN.—The bears are committing such rava g es in the wild parts of Wisconsin that the settlers are flying from their homes. The newspapers declare that the animals no longer confine their visits to farmers' pigpens, but boldly approach their swellings and apply for admit tance at kitchen doors and hid-room windows. HAPPY TERMINATION OF A LAW SUIT.—" In a village near Yvetot some time back," says the Abet:ll, Cauchoise, " a case was to be argued before the! juge de paix and just as that functionary had given notice that he was ready to hear the particular the defendant, a pretty young female, entered. On seeing her, the plaintiff rose and said, ' Mademoiselle—l have not the courage to plead against you, and am sorry to have given you the trouble to come here. I abandon the case and will pay all the costs I Deign to accept my arm The proposition was accepted. The ac quaintance thus commenced. has produced its fruits, as three days back the banns A marriage between the two were duly published." LONDON SCOTTISH VOLUNTEER RIFLES.—Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to approve and accept the services of the London Scottish Volunteer Rifles. Tho corps is numbered as the 15th Division of the Rifle Volun teer Force in the county of Middlesex, and its establish ment will consist of a major commandant, five captains, five lieutenants, five ensigns, an adjutant, and 500 men of all ranks divided into five companies. Lord Elcho, M.P., has been unanimously chosen to command the corps, and the committee have succeeded in obtaining the use of West minster Hall for evening drill on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, and also the Tower of London and Burlington House, and the Secretary of State for War has issued to the corps 100 Enfield rifles, being the first instalment of the authorised allowance. LEATHER LEGGINGS FOR SOLDIERS.—Leather leggings are to become an article of clothing for the troops. A circular from the Secretary of State for War has been issued to all general officers and officers commanding corps of infantry to the effect that each non-commissioned officer and soldier of the Foot Guards and regiments of infantry of the line serving at home and in the colonies is to be supplied with them. His Royal Highness the General Commanding in-Chief desires the commanding officers may be apprised that the leather leggings are to be worn over the trousers, which are to be pulled up to the top of the boot, neatly folded round the leg. The leggings are only to be worn in muddy weather and at guarl mounting when necessary. TAXATION AND POPULATION. It may be inte resting to note the proportion which national expenditure bears to population in some of the European States. In 1855 the estimated population of the Austrian empire was returned at 39,411,309, and the public expenditure was £40,268,618, or an average of £1 Os. sd. per head. In 1857 the estimated population of Spain was 16,301,851, and the public expendi ture was £18,033,C01, or an average of £l2s. ld. per head. In 1854 tho population of Portugal was 3,499,121, and the public expenditure was £2,756,292, or an average of 16s. per head. The population of Switzerland in 1857 was estimated at 2,500,000, and the public expenditure was £608,240, or about ss. per head. The population of Greece in 1854 was 1,043,153, and in 1858 the public expenditure was estimated at £640,941, or about 12s. per head. SERIOUS ACCIDENT TO COLONEL WETHERALL IN DUBLlN.—Between eleven and twelve o'clock yester day (Monday) while Colonel Wetherell, Assistant Quar termaster-General, was riding through Grafton-street, his horse slipped, fell, and rolled over the gallant officer, who was immediately lifted from the ground and taken into the establishment of Mr. Cranefield. One of the staff surgeons was in prompt attendance, and, on examining the colonel, we regret to say it was discovered that one of his legs was broken at the ankle joint, and that he had sustained some other injuries, fortunately not of a very serious nature. The injured gentleman was conveyed in a cab to his resi dence. The horse escaped without any damage being done to him in the fall.—Freeman's Journal. AN INDIAN SOLDIER IN DISGRACE.—CorporaI Francis Coffey, of the 29th, was yesterday charged before Mr. Mansfield, at Liverpool, with robbing Mrs. Michael Kenny of a purse containing £5. The prisoner and Ser geant Kenny had lately returned from India, where they had served together, and had known each other intimately for ten years. On Monday Kenny and his 'wife, together with Coffey and another corporal named Breem, left Weedon together on furlough, Sergeant Kenny entrusting £,5 to the keeping of his wide, who placed the purse in her bosom. On their way to Liverpool she fell asleep, and during this time the purse was abstracted, for when they arrived at Liverpool, she found it missing, and Coffey and his fellow corporal also. Coffey was afterwards apprehended in Liver pool, and most of the money found on him. Ile was com mitted for trial. WONDERFUL ESCAPE.—As the James and Mary, of Grangemouth, which plias between that port and Port Dundas, was passing up the canal last Monday week, laden with a cargo of onions, and carrying a heavy ,top weight, it was capsized in Lock No. 11. Mrs. Brock, the skipper's wife, was in the cabin when the accident occurred, and was taken out alive, after an hour's duration of the most intense suspenseand perilous imprisonment. Before the poor woman could be extricated the reach had to be run, and a hole cut in the bottom of the vessel, which was afloat keel upper most. Dr. Hadden waited till the woman was taken out, when he prescribed for her recovery from exhaustion, which was well-nigh hopeless. We are glad to learn that the female sufferer, in a short time after her most marvellous escape, was able, with some assistance, to walk to an ad joining house.—Falkirk Herald. LADY THIEVES AT PORTSMOUTH. On Saturday, as three young ladies were standing upon the footpath ad joining the Landport terminus, awaiting the arrival of a cab, two respectably - dressed middle - aged females somewhat abruptly pushed past them, called a cab, and drove away. The young ladies cab came up at the same moment, and had proceeded but a short distance when one of them dis covered she had lost her purse. She instantly gave infer mation to a police officer, and fortunately the cab contain ing the two females was yet in sight. The policeman gave chase, stopped the cab, and intimated his suspicions to the women. They indignantly asserted their innocence, and expressed the utmost willingness to be searched. Search was made, and the purse was found concealed in the win dow slide of the door. The astonished female thieves look dismally chapfallen, their route was altered, and they were conveyed to the police station. ACCIDENT TO ZIER MAJESTY'S SHIP BEAGLE'S GIS. —Yesterday, as the captain's gig of her Majesty's ship Beagle, anchored at Spitbead, was entering Portsmouth Harbour, having put back from her attempt to reach the ship, owing to the heavy sea and wind prevailing at the time, she was unfortunately, in trying to cross a steam tug's bow, which was laying-to at the harbour's mouth, caught by the tide and swept towards the steamer, when the crew and four sitters in the stern sheets became frightened and jumped overboard to avoid the collision. The steamboat picked up five people. The surgeon of the ship, who was one of the sitters in the stern sheets, was picked up by Mr. Pearson, belonging to the Liverpool revenue cutter, and a seaman was picked up by a Waterman named Martin. As there were four seamen in the boat in addition to the four sitters in the stern sheets, it is feared that one of the men was lost, as on inquiry only five men were on board the Victory, and two (the surgeon and seaman) were landed at Portsmouth. As the steam tug was not on the move, had the men sat still in their boat there is every probability that no accident would have occurred. EXTRAORDINARY ASSAULT.- 7 M the petty ses sions held at Ashburton last week before Mr. C. H. Monro, Mr. J. 11. Amory, Mr. H. B. Wrey, and Mr. Woodley, county magistrates, Mr. Cockayne was charged by Mr. John Stuart Littler, a young gentlema n of 20 years of a ge , and a son of the late Gen. Sir John Littler, with assault. The defendant is the complainant's stepfather, and the evi dence given by the latter was to the effect that a short time ago he was in his room dressing, and had on his trousers and flannel shirt, when Mr. Cockayne entered with a cane, accompanied by Mr. Enrick, who hada walking-stick, and Arscott, a labourer, and the coachman, each having straps. Mr. Cockayne said to complainant, " I have a duty to per form," and then instructed Arscott to seize him, but he evinced reluctance to do so. Mr. Cockayno then ordered him to take down his trousers, which, however, complainant refnsed to do, upon which Mr. Cockayne did it himself, pushed the complainant on the bed. and commenced caning him. He gave him 20 lashes, upon which the complainant asked him how many more he was to have, and defendant said, " I shall complete the number to 39." Ho then pushed up complainant's shirt and struck him over the back and arms, leaning blue stripes there for some time afterwards. For the defence it was urged that the punish ment was only a reasonable one for some matter alleged against the complainant. The chairman said, in giving judgment, that the defendant was convicted of a cowardly, brutal, and indecent asfault. The bench had at first considered that they could only do their duty by sending the case to the sessions. They had, however, resolved to inflict on him a penalty of £5, or in default of payment to be sent to gaol for two months with hard labour. REWARDS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM SHIPWRECK. —SOUTHWOLD Om 24.—A public meeting was held here to-day in the Town-hall ; Col. Bence Bence in the chair ; for the purpose of presenting the silver medal of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution to John Craigie, coxswain of the Southwold lifeboat; and the second service clasp to B. Herrington, who had on a former occasion received the society's medal, accompanied by copies of the institution's vote inscribed on parchment, in testimony of their highly meritorious and gr l'ant services, with others, in rescuing in the Southwold lifeboat, which belongs to the National In stitution, ten men and the master's wife from the Prussian brig Lucinde, of Memel, during the night of the 17th ult. The Town-hall was well filled on this occasion by ladies and gentlemen. A procession had previously been formed by the lifeboat's crew from the boat-house to the hall, it being headed by Lieut. Simmons, R.N„ honorary secretary of the Southwold branch of the institution, who carried a beau tiful silk flag, on which was inscribed the name of the Southwold lifeboat, and the Southwold arms worked in it. The flag was some years ago presented to the lifeboat by Miss Shot - life. The chairman having made some appropri ate remarks, tutors, , rbae p ne, r eyd e no s a e ta. ate remarks, Miss Sherifll3, amidst the applause of the spec.. namtutel,ledlai lifeboat, o o n e s a i s e t h i n o g f o th i le ls ab m ov e e n ir h m a e d d p m re e v n i: it aidedsuitable £2 each inscription, for theirstating th gallant ec its pbrue_t a wel l l - e bo L ini or cl d de p i ni tedth ic e h Provost reque s ted which s each man was on thi s occasion presented, in addition, with h w on as ou w r r o it f t'e L n Lord pre sentation. Brougham for a guest during his • • visit to lidinburo week. Lord Brougham, however r't ,h next gaged to be with his sister-in-law , an w d l cos l i hat he haS and sons of the late Mr. John Brougham , n e t ws, the widow ing at Warriston House. His lo r dship a present resid is to arrive on Tuesday and leave on Thursday, LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, OCT. 26. The Moniteur of this morning says :—The letter which appeared yesterday in the Siecle, ad dressed to Pope Gregory XVI., and the author ship of which has been attributed to the Emperor, was written by the brother of his Majesty, who died at Forli in 1831. PARIS, OCT. 25. The Imperial Court will leave Compiegne on the 31st inst. The Duke de Padone has returned to Paris, and will resume his official duties at the end of the month. General Bedeau and Dr. Lausedat have availed :hemselves of the amnesty and returned to France. MARSEILLES, OCT. 25. Her Majesty the Queen of Holland arrived here yesterday from Nismes, en route for Nice. ROME, OCT. 22 (VIA MARSEILLES.) The interview between his Holiness the Pope and his Majesty the King of Naples has been ad journed. His Holiness has despatched an English prelate named Talbot to the Court of Naples in order to explain the cause of the adjournment of the interview. The official Giornale di Roma confirms the arrest of the Bishop of Rimini. Many priests have quitted the country in the neighbourhood of the Romagna on account of the intrigues of emissaries and in fear of disturbances. Conferences have been held between the Pope and the Due de Grammont, on the subject of which complete secrecy was observed; but it is stated that the ordinances for granting administrative reforms are now ready, and will shortly be made public. The Oesterreichische Correspondenz of this even ing contradicts most strongly the rumours afloat respecting the retirement of several members of the Cabinet, on account of a difference of opinion said to exist among the Ministers on several important questions which have occupied Govern ment lately. No such difference does exist, and therefore no change of the leading principles of Go vernment will take place. VENICE, OCT. 25. The Governor has left for Vienna, to confer with the Government on the affairs of Venetia. The outposts stationed on the frontiers Ns ill shortly be increased. The portions of territory occupied by the Pied.montese troops have nearly all been evacuated. It is expected that reforms in the administration of police will shortly take place. NAPLES, OCT. 22 (VIA. MARSEILLES.) A tanquet has been given by the King to M. de Itoquet, who is charged with a mission from the French Government to the Court of Naples. All the Royal Princes and Ministers were present. The military enrolments continue. Four Neapo litan frigates continue to cruise round the coast in anticipation of any hostile movements by General Garibaldi. The King has inspected the troops and the different forts. REUTER'S SPECIAL INDIAN SERVICE. CALCUTTA, SEPT. 23. A meeting of the inhabitants has taken place here to protest against the Licensing Bill and to petition Parliament to establish local representa tive councils in India. Government securities unaltered, with a down ward tendency. Exchange on London, 2s. Old rising. Imports pretty active; prices steady; ex ports lively. Cotton, 861 per candy; Western, 80 per candy. Indigo active ; No. 5, 47 to 51 per maund ; mid dling and common, 37 to 50 per maund. Sugar—Stock accumulating, 28 to 30 per candy Rice unaltered. Freights receded = dead. weight, 16s. to 265., measurement, 30s. to 355. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. SIX DAYS LATER THAN THE DEPARTURE OF THE MAIL FROM CALCUTTA. CALCUTTA, SEPT. 29. Imports dull. Bxchange on London, 2s. Old. to 2s. 0;d. Government securities improving. COLOMBO, SEPT. 30. Coffee crop of 1859 closed 564,552 cwts. Trade dull. THE FOREIGN MAILS. None of the usual Foreign Mails had reached us when we went to press. THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE PLYMOUTH, WEDNESDAY MORNING. The Union Steam Navigation Company's mail packet Norman, Commander J. Boxer, from Table Bay September 20th, St. Helena 30th, and Ascen sion October 4th, arrived in the Sound this morning. She brings one package of specie, 253 casks of wine, 2,000 horns, six cases of ostrich feathers, 100 cases of arrowroot, 13 bales of wool, 180 bales of skins, 1,000 wet hides, 44 tons of copper ore, and 10 packages sundries. Parliament is prorogued till the 16th of Novem ber. The Parent Agricultural Society's annual exhib tion was held at Cape Town on the day the raai left. The imported cattle and sheep, valued at £l,OOO, were exhibited, and implements worth £4,000, and 42 varieties of ploughs—all American. The judges expressed their surorise that the English manufac tures were so badly represented. The cash balances in the Cape banks are very low ; in the frontier discount is 8 per cent. The Government called for £BO,OOO debentures by the 30th of September. The Customs duties for August were nearly £24,000. Trade is quiet. Forage is high. Potatoes, 375. per 1001 b. ; ox hides, 20s. ; wheat, per muid, 335. The severe drought has ceased. Various corps of volunteers are forming with great alacrity. The first locomotive engine was landed on the 14th of September. The Spectacle Mining Company intend to con• tinue operations. Groat depredations are committed by discharged Cafil.e servants. The smallpox prevails among the coloured popu lation at Port Elizabeth, and the chief of the Dutch Refotmed. Church at Hope Town does not administer the Sacrament, fearing that the infec tion may be disseminated as the cup passes from mouth to mouth. Her Majesty's ship Boscawen and the Seringa patam are in Simon's Bay. The Hermes was to leave in a few days for the frontier to bring down Acting-Governor Wynyard. The steamer Brisk sailed September 16 for the Mozambique. Dr. Everies, R.N., died on board the Eglintoun while on his passage from Bombay to the Cape, where she arrived on the 9th of September. His Netherlands Majesty's sloop Amsterdam, from Batavia, put into Simons Bay on the 10th of September. Colonel Apperley has been instructed to discon tinue the despatch of horses to India for the present. The mail steamer Phcobe, from England, arrived September 10. The Waldensian, from Natal ar rived on the 13th. The Zulu left Table Bay on the 15th for Mossil and Algoa Bays. A large portion of the Norman's letters for Cape Town were delayed through being put in a Natal bag. The merchant ship Angela Burdett Coutts called at St. Helena September 22; the Julia on the 25th. THE DUEL BETWEEN SENATOR BRO DERICK AND JUDGE TERRY. The following particulars of the duel between Senator Broderick and Judge Terry are taken from the New York _Herald : " Cincinnati, Oct. 10, 1859. " The San Francisco Times of the 14th ult. says that in accordance with our anticipations the ex pected duel between Senator Broderick and Judge Terry took place yesterday morning in a small valley ten miles from Mercer Lake. The parties went out of town the night previous, passing the night in separate localities. At a quarter past six Broderick and Terry arrived on the ground, at tended by their seconds and physicians, Hon. J. C. M‘Kibben and Mr. Coulter for Broderick, and Cal houn, Benham, and Thomas Hays for Ter.y. On descending from their carriages the parties seemed to be in the best spirits ' • neither appeared anxious or nervous as to the result. About half an hour was occupied in the arrangements. Ten paces were marked, and the principals took their posi tions. The seconds divested them of their outside coats, white collars, and other articles which might present prominent targets ; also of their watches and the coin in their pockets. One of the seconds then read aloud the code duello, which occupied a short time. Mr. Coulter then addressed the two gentlemen, saying he wished it to be understood that he should count one—two' after the word Tfire,' after which he would say stop ; ' no shot must be fired after that. "During this time the principals maintained their positions, and listened with composure to these details. Judge Terry stood with his head thrown slightly back, looking towards his an tagonist. Each held a pistol in his hand pointed to the ground. Each was dressed in black clothes and wore a slouched hat. Mr. Broderick stood erect, but with head rather down. The positions of the two were somewhat different. Judge Terry maintained that of a practised duellist, presenting only the edge of his person, keeping his left hand and shoulder well behind him. Mr. Broderick, on the contrary, though at first assuming a position somewhat similar to that of Terry, seemed to prefer a careless and less constrained one, and gradually presented more of his body to the fire of his oppo nent. He.held his pistol rather awkwardly, and seeming to feel this himself, he once or twice turned the wrist of his pistol-arm to the right with his left hand, as though endeavouring to comply with some prescribed directions previously given him. From that time he did not not raise his eyes until the word was given to fire. Once his right foot got a fraction beyond the line, when Mr. M'Kibben replaced it. The bearing of Terry, though he assumed a more practised and motionless attitude, was not one jot more that of an iron-nerved man than was that of Broderick. "At a quarter before seven Mr. Coulter pro nounced the words, Are you ready ?" Ready,' responded Terry, and ' ready' was uttered by Broderick. Immediately after, Fire—one—two" was pronounced in moderately quick time. Brode rick raised his pistol, and had scarcely brought it to an angle of 45 deg. from its downward position, when, owing to the delicacy of the hair trigger, it was discharged, the ball entering the ground four paces in advance of him. Terry fired a fewin stants later,taking deliberate aim. There was a per ceptible interval in the two reports. At that instant Broderick was observed to clasp his left hand to his right breast, when it was seen that he was wounded. He reeled slowly to tae tent, and before the seconds could reach him fell to the ground, his right leg doubled under him, still grasping his weapon: "Terry, upon discharging his pistol, folded his arms, holding the pistol still smoking in his hand, but did not move from his position. Broderick's seconds ran to his aid, and Dr. Loehr commenced to staunch the wound. The bullet entered just for ward of the nipple, and lodged, as was supposed, under the left arm. He was soon afterwards borne into town in his carriage. " Previous to this Terry and his friends left the field, driving rapidly into town, and started at once from the north beach, where a boat was waiting, and proceeded to Oakland, where they took a private conveyance to Benicia ; on their arrival at Benicia they took an overland conveyance to Sacramento. "Mr. Broderick was taken to the house of Leon. Haskell, at Black Point, where he was visited during the day by hundreds of his friends. He was able to speak during the afternoon, but owing to his wounded lungs his articulation was gener ally indistinct and unintelligible. " The correspondent of the Cincinnati Times says, that at 15 minutes past nine this morning (16th ult.) Mr. Broderick breathed his last. Gloom and sorrow pervade the whole community. Flags are at half-mast, union down. The stores are all closing, and all the public buildings, and even private houses, arc hung and dressed in mourning." THE STATE OF TRADE. LEEDS, OCT. 25.—The woollen cloth trade con tinues steady, and prices are firm, but, owing to a dense fog prevailing during the usual period for holding the market in the cloth-halls to-day, scarcely any business was done. A fair amount, however, was done afterwards outside the halls. Wool continues firm in price. The next series of sales of colonial wools in the metropolis has been fixed for Thursday, Nov. 10. Since the last sales about 31,851 bales have arrived, viz.,-8,084 bales from Sydney and Moreton Bay, 3,813 bales from Port Phillip and Portland Bay, 1,909 bales from Tasmania, 332 bales from Adelaide, 2,897 bales from New Zealand, and 14,816 bales from the Cape of Good Hope, MANNING THE NAVY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin,—Many letters have appeared in the public press of late, both from naval officers and civilians, on the important question of manning the British Navy. 'Various are the sug gestions set forth for raising and keeping sailors ad libitum. Some go so far as to say that our line-of-battle ships, in consequence of the introduction of steam power, ought to be manned solely by artillerymen ; and, to render them in dependent of sailors, should be sent to sea without the en cumbrance of masts or sails. Really one would suppose that common sense is at a very low ebb, when such twaddle as this is to pass current for the opinions of practical men. Now, sir, although we have spent millions in bringing our screw liners to their present state of perfection, the great question as to their true merits in action has yet to be solved. hat would be the effect of the concentrated fire of a few 32-pounders on the crew or stern post of a line-of-battle ship during action ? In my humble opinion the vessel would be in less than a quarter of an hour no better than a helpless log on the water, so far as her steam power is con corned. If lam right in this idea, it is very evident we must still depend on sails as a propelling power in case of accident, and, as a matter of course, man our ships with seamen to work them. When Sir Charles "Wood introduced his pet bill in 1856, for transferring the Coastguard to the Admiralty, he pro mised the country 4 reserve of 10,000 seamen but, unfor tunately, like most Admiralty undertakings, the first start has proved a failure. Discontent reigns among the men, and now hands refuse to join the service. When the Queen's proclamation appeared in May last, offering a liberal bounty to British sailors to join the Navy, we were told that au additional supply of 10,000 or 15,000 seamen would be procured from the nerchant Service within a month or six weeks. The proclamation has been renewed from time to time, and is still in force, but where are the men ? Sir Charles Napier has run up the signal, "England expects the Admiralty will do iN duty ; " and winds up by saying that so many improvements have taken place in all navies of the world that, if we aro to be preserved from danger and insult, no time should be lost in providing a naval reserve. Yes, one and all are unanimous in saying it is of paramount importance for England to have a naval reserve; but what is said about preserving the supply of seamen, if wo experience so much difficulty now in procur ing a few thousand merchant sailors ? What plan shall we adopt when the carrying trade of the world is transferred to the foreigner ? Are we not at this present moment encouraging the employment of foreign sailors in our merchant ships, and at the same time offering a bounty for English sailors ? If we cut off the streams, can we expect the river to flow on as strong as ever ? Will those foreigners who are so vastly benefited by England's liberality support her in the hour of danger? Let the people of England look to this nationel question. It cannot be shelved much longer. I will defy any man he prove from the statistical accounts of the shipping trade of this country that the foreigner is not fast supplanting the British sailor in every quarter of the globe. Considering the enormous increase in the value of our imports and exports that has taken place during the past few years, the British mercantile marine ought to number at least 100,000 more seamen than it does at the present moment. _ _ I enclose my card, and remain, sir, Fours obediently, A GOVERNMENT OPFICIA.L. October 24, 1859. THE STEPH.ENSONS, FATHEI4 AND SON. TO THE EDITOR OF TIIE SUN. havo just seen in your paper of the 17th inst. that the authorities have granted permission to inter the remains of the late Robert Stephenson in Westminster Abbey. Although the modesty which was so characteristic of him would, I am sure, have been content with a resting-place at Chester field along with his great father, I am glad that fitting honours will be paid to one who, without invidious distinctions or comparisons, may perhaps be called the greatest among his contemporaries in the engineering world. It occurs to me, however, that in honouring the son, the father, who was pre eminently the author of the locomotive system, ought not to be forgotten, but that his remains should be removed from the comparative obscurity in which they are now placed to Westminster Abbey, and that a suitable monument should be erected there in memory of the father and son, to whom England and the world are so much indebted. The removal of the remains of the elder Stephenson was mentioned to me by some of his old associates not very long ago, although without any anticipa tion of the sad event which appears to make this a proper occasion to bring the matter under public notice. If you, Sir, and the public agree with me in thinking such a step desirable, I am sure the authorities will gladly give their consent to the necessary arrangements ; and the friends and admirers of the two Stephensons will not be wanting in their contributions. As a justification for putting myself forward in this matter, I beg to add that I was an intimate friend of the late George Stephenson, and that I also enjoyed the friendship of his son, whom, indeed, a short time before his fatal illness I had arranged to join in a journey through Egypt next month.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, _ _ JOSEPH PAXTON. Bilboa, Get. 21. LIFEBOATS FOR SCOTLAND. TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE StiN. Sir,—ln The Sun there appeared some time since a statement of the wrecks on our coasts during the past year, and of the efforts of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution to diminish the dreadful loss of life which annually occurs from these disasters. I was sorry to observe that an unsuccessful appeal had been made to the Scotch to second these efforts by aiding the institution to place lifeboats upon their coasts, which are at present almost entirely unprovided with them. The following is the ex tract referred to : " On the coast of Scotland there is a sad want of lifeboats. It is along this coast a large portion of our trade with the Baltic, Greenland, Archangels Davis's Straits, and much of that of the Canadian and United States trade is carried on. In addition to this traffic the Scotch coast is remarkable for its great herring fishery. Peterhead has its 250 fishing boats ; Praserburg and Buckle more than 400 sail ; while further north, off the coast of Caithness, more than 1,200 fishing boats, manned by 6,000 persons, nightly pursue their calling during the season ex posed to the proverbial suddenness of a north-east gale. About two years ago, during a fearful gale of wind, of a fleet of such boats, five were lost, from which 42 men were drowned, leaving 21 widows and 79 orphans unprovided for. Sine.e then calamities to Scotch fishermen nearly equal in magnitude have occurred. Within the last two or three months the National Lifeboat Institution has made an urgent appeal to the Scotch people generally for assistance to station additional life boats on their coast ; but we lament to say that appeal has met with little response from them." In consequence of these remarks I have made inquiries, and I find that the following is briefly the state of the case : The coast of Scotland, in order to be provided with the smallest number of lifeboats required 131 the coastguard returns, should have twenty-on? boats. It has, in reality, but three of the instv tution's, and a few others of uncertain efficienelf only two or three having regular crews or mainte uance. This lamentable want is due to the extraor 4 diary supineness of the Scotch, for the institutio n cannot place boats without local aid, and the 6 5 boats it has on the English coast are owing to the support it has recei ve d th ere . Th e l ate ap peal' though widely circulated among tho Scotch, 1 135 not produced a fund sufficient to purchase a single boat. Though not a Scotchman, I am the son of a Scotchman, and feel a deep interest in all that Cow terns Scotland. I deplore the state of her shore!, which this statement disclose s , a n d f or the sake °.t humanity as well as the honour of the country am anxious to renew the appeal to the Scotch. 11° prove that I am in earnest, I have made a coo' mencement by presenting the institution with two life boats of the value of Xl.Bo each, who' . the committee have liberally undertaken to PO., vide with carriages and houses to place as speedll o as possible on those points of the coast where there the most urgent need. I earnestly trust that tho example may be followed by the landholders, sing owners, merchants, and manufacturers of Scotland If each large town would contribute one or mare boats, and each coast district make an effort in . 81 P the work would be done, and Scotland's opprobril removed of neglecting the calls of humanity, leaving shipwrecked seamen to perish helpless n n her inhospitable coasts. Shall it be said that Eng; land provides 65 life boats, and Scotland but three: That all the wealth and liberalty of the nortk le insensible to the cry of the poor drowning marine r on its own shores ; and while p ro fiti ng so largely by commerce utterly neglects the security of the seamen who carry it on ? C an th ere b e a rfo r s " philanthropic object, or on e w hi c h it i s more a duty to carry out than this ? I will add nothing more. If something is to be done, now is the time. Winter, with its storms an', shipwrecks, is fa s t a p proac hi ng , an d un l e ss the Scotch coast is to remain another dark season without life-saving means, not a moment is to be lost in answering the appeal. I enclose my card, and I am your obedient servant, J. London, Oct. 25. P.S.—Afte r a ll, th e sum requ i re d t o accomplish the object is ex t reme l y mo d erate. Th ere w ill be five efficient b oa t s as soon as t h e t wo men tioned above are stationed. Sixteen only are, therefor e !. required, at a cos t of about £7,000. I have lit tle doubt that if tw o -thi r d s o f thi s sum can b e rase d in Scotland, the i ns tit u ti on w ill rece i ve th e suPP e '" in England necessary t o ma k e up th e remaiope:,:, The object, then, i s to r ai se a b ou t £5,000, and secure the small local support necessary for tr boats when stationed. If this ca nno t b e entire accomplished let a part be done, a n d b oa t s be on as fast as the funds accrue. LORD WARD AND SIR J. PAKINGTO ON REFORMATORIES. At the Worcestershire Quarter Sessions on ga l : day the subject of the management of reformatori o " for juvenile criminals was discussed on a motion bf the Rev. J. Pearson, who desired to see a more 1 1 ? 1 _ 1 "; form system o f managemen t a d o pt e d, an d stato that for want of this the results were not so saw . factory as would otherwise be the case. Lord WARD (who has established a reforinatori for boys at his own cost at W o odb ur y -hill, in t llO 00 county of Worcester), after stating his to increase the accommodation for boys if it Wei; required, at his reformatory, a n dit o es t a blish also girls' reformatory if th e mag i s t ra t es o f th e county could show him any want for such an institutiot i _o said the cause of the pres e nt po s ition o f m atters r e between the promot ers o f re f orma t or i es and tP Government was to be found in that system of cow' f promise whi c h c h arac t er i se d our mo d ern system t 0 legislation. The Government merely eve aid the exertions of private individuals, ins tead ‘ l _, placing a measure before the country enabling the m ` to do for juvenile criminals what it did for adults: He was sure it was not the wish of the originator ; of reformatories to preserve for themselves th e little patronage and power which was connect ed with such establishments. Let the Governmen t take the management of them into their own han d ' if they wished, or let the counties manage them they did their lunatic asylums and other institw tions. He should not object to reformatories being governed by one unifor m se t o f ru l es, b ut h e thoug ht , these institutions oug ht to possess t h e right ° refusal to admit inmates under certain circuol; stances, especially w h en t h ere was a chance 0f bodily or moral contamination. (Hear, hear.) Sir JOHN PARINGTON said the law was ee, r ,,' tainly in a very anomalous state as regar d e d the government of reformatories. Power was given u t° ,, send to th em o ff enders of a certain age, but to: law did not require them to receive the offende rs so sent. E very reformatory had the powe r ° 0 exercising its o wn di scret i on as to t h e admissi° or refusal o f an i nmate, and this discretion ha d bee: .., repeatedly exercised. This anomalous and u nsatls; factory stat e o f things existed solely because t? Government an d the Legislature had a ll o wed 11 ' ,0 existence, merely from the reformatory system being an experiment, though a great, interesting, and ill y ; portant one. It was to be hoped that G ov erninen _.! would ere lo ng whether they were memorialised u: not, take care that these institutions were put io r ; more satisfactory and definite shape than they we at present. (Hear, hear.) No action was taken by resolution upon th e subject. CRYSTAL PALACE. ONE SHILLING DAY ' , 1 . 0 TUESDAY, Oct. 25—Admissi ons on paymen t , 3,413 i u" by season tiQkets, 1,197; total visitors, 4,610.