The Sun. — London, England, 1859-04-29 00:00:00

G~c,-L- - C_~-~/ l/)? t-- - /1 [t?i'~3:4 :t - ( ----•- 'a 1- 1 ~ -- 4 --.. -.v....0 • ' Mit " isit (tr k\'•,, 10, ,, , - ~, ~,te,,i',?- i i,fir ',it" „,..,, IJl ,m* ~- tp, - , I itifiV LIO' - c,401 -n- t i,/ " . ? ' fb:. , --, „, et; ..„,„,,,„ ftlfi- ..":„ .1 1 : 411111°, ‘ s * tit..i.oz.lll. t5.:411'5-Ig-:":1.4' a , ' ' 4.; 0 46-4 1 4 i f ~ a l . , '/.dal ., ainon , \ ... .. Le' . tliP l . , .. 3 , rok a b - l i p L I. DIE ,1.,44..., 1 - ,3,07.C!"%^ ' ''''' . • ... •,..., , ~ '. TIC SEAT SEAT OF WAR IN 124.4` P.ri MR. ALBERT SMITH'S CH I NA , -A-T-4- • TO-NICtIIT at 8, and TO-MORROW, at 3 and 8. Just published, price 6d., "TO CHINA AND BACK." By ALBERT SMITH. For- Warded from the Egyptian Hall, for Seven Stamps. 74 c.....,,,, CHRISTY'S MINSTRELS.—Every Ni g ht at 8, and a Grand Day Performance on Saturday Afternoon at 3, at St. James's Hall, Piccadilly. Change of Programme for the Easter Holidays. Stalls, 3s. ; unreserved seats, 2s. ; Wen'. Tickets and places may be secured at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old Bond-street. OREMORNE. This day (Friday), and To morrow (Saturday), open a t Three. F u ll Pty. gramme of Entertain men t s. Concert, Ballet, New Extra‘ a . ganza by the Marionettes, Dancino• on the Crystal Platform, Fireworks, ALc.—One shilling ; children half-price. WIZARD JACOBS and his GOBLIN SPRIGHTLY, appear nightly at the POLY GRAPHIC HALL, King William-street, Strand, before crowded and delighted audiences. MORNING PERFORM ANCES will be given on WEDNESDAYS and SATUR DAYS, at Two o'clock, for a short time only. This is Jacobs' farewell season. Commence at Eight. o'clock.—Stalls, is. ; Reserved Seats, 2s. •, Area, ls. Children—Stalls, 2s. ; Re served Seats I s. Pri va t e B oxes , £1 is. Places may b e h a d at Mitchell's Lib Ary, Bond-street ; Sams' Library, St. J ames's ; Hammond's, music seller, 214, Regent-street ; and at the Hall, daily from eleven till five. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, Hi g h meat,Holborn, forme r ly C as i no de Venise.—This establish- Matphles prse beauty of -eminently its decorations, combined istinguished for the e with the perlegance and - fection of its management. is OPEN every EVENING. The celebrated band, under the direction of Mr. W. Packer, Plays a nightly varied selection of the most approved classical and modern music. Doors open at half-past 8; overture at 9 ; closin g at :12 punctually. Admission is. ARGYLL-ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly. These popular and celebrated rooms are open every " e ning, with K. It. Bignell's Grand Orchestra, conducted by that great composer, Mons. Antony Lamotte, of Paris. Leader, Charles Hall. Mons. Boulcourt, the celebrated cornet artistes.npy, performs nightly, with other talented Selections from Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, La Traviata, Huguenots, Robert le Diable, and the new opera Martha. .manager, IL R. Bignell. D oors open at half - past 8, close ten minutes before 12. Admission, Is. to Promenade. 11 .8 .—All applications for the above band for Concerts and Palls, to be made to Mr. William Price, treasurer, at the Rooms. ARGYLL-ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly. —owing to the n umerous requests from the Nobility and frequenters of these Rooms, the proprietor has resolved rt. rive r by the eelebrigad Awn Band, a series of INSTRU- * MENTAL CONCERTS, to commence on MONDAY nex t, May 2d. at h a lf- past 8 precisely, conducted by that eminent composer' Mons. A.' Lamotte (late. chef de orchestra to the wilt e Emperor Napoleon) The first Programme for thi s C oncer t mbrace the following selections :-11 Trovatore, La i l r 'raviata; Rob er t l e Diable Huguenots , Martha, and Etoile du ord . Principal cornet-a' -piston, M. Boulcourt ; Leader, Charles Dail. Doors open at 8 o'clock; DANCING at 10 to b loc k. Admission 19 All applications for the above band o be k• to M r . W i ll i a m Price, treasurer at the rooms. ALHAMBRA PALACE. EASTER WEEK. Last Week of the Company in London —Two Perform- Mances each day, A SPANISH BULL FIGHT. The Calif orn i an performers having acted as principals in a Bull-fig,ht in America for upwards of one hun dred nights, will undertake the same exploits in London. The regular Equestrian performances, the same as last week, 4Will be produced in addition to the Bull-fight, which takes ace Mornin e ,c , and Evening. The Dwarf Elephant, Tom numb will perform. P T w o Performanc es D a il y at two and " quarter before Eight an. b _Pit, is.; Boxes, 2s. •, Reserred Seats, 35.; Stalls, 55.; Private x 2 s. Child ren under Nine years of age, half-price. Gallery, ad. aster Mornin g Wee k. Doors open half-an-hour earlier than usual. MAN AND HIS HABITS.—THIS DAY, at .r and Half-past Eight, Dr. KAHN will deliver ;Lectuerges at his unrivalled and Original Museum, 3, Tich o9rn - treet, facing the Haymarket. ItNYLLAnus—ldentity of Self-love and Social- -Th e Philosophy I_d Physiology of Marriage -Happy and Unhappy Unions— ghorn and when to Marry—The Great Social Evil, its real 'ilre—Ph ilanthropists and their Schemes—New 'Views of Men The Things Dangers of Youth—Rocks of Advanced Age— The4l2true Glory of Middle Age—My Memoirs—Much in Little. ... Mu seu m is open daily (for Gentlemen only) from Twelve till Five and from Seven till Ten. Explanations of iitAe Models every half-hour. Admission One Shilling, in ding Handbook : to which is appended the SHOALS AND UICKSANDS OF YOUTH. By JosErn KAHN, M.D., _ raduate in Medicine Surgery, and Midwifery, of the Im mmo 'University of ' Vienna, 'drc : free by post for twelve fitaim, .., ,', alreCt from the Author, 17, Harley-street, Cavendish- EqUare. TALKING AND PERFORMING FISH. elegantly appointed exhibition : room has been firWor the public• view of this extraordinary animal, at cca .thlly, between St. James's Church and the Egypti,n Mi, Which the proprietor has the honour to - announce will lon 1,111.111 S DAY, May sth, 1859,—Admission, Hall.a atuvm ; Children, One Shilling. Jt would be vain to attempt Written One of the wonderful performances of this i'aue Istaturm—they must be witnessed to be believed. Th e as°l3 u6u P os sesses a sagacity bord e ri ng up on th e d om i n i ons of to , o nderstandino• thoroughly the conversation addressed and by its vocarresponses and amusing gyrations, gives -de and of its complete docility and comprehension. Natu ralists u m , and other scientific persons have attended its soirees ' V erPOol and Manchester, and expressed their astonish- Flent of admiration. The public Press has made it the 4114 .1ect of critical analysis the result being the highest com- Inendation. The Exhibition will be open from 10 o'clock 4 • 111 . to 10 o'clock, p.m. WHAT are the Wild Waves saying ? keep uP /mu* Channel Fleet and buy your Teas of the Xast India Tea Company, where' sound Tea, Black, Green, or l ibted, can be bought, in 61b bags, at 2s, per lb., and Coffee, in the Yard, Big opsgate Berry, at 10d .—Warehouse, 9, G reat St. Helen's-church • ] PPS ' s COCOA.—Epps, homoeopathic chemist, •London. —This excellent preparation, originally pro -siuced specially for the use of homceopathic patients, haying been adopted by the ..,o•eneral public, can now be had of the principal grocers. Each packet is labelled James Epps, bomceopathic chemist, London. BENJAMIN EDGINGTON'S MONSTER TENTS, FLAGS, BANNERS, Am.. for Political Meet .l.nZa. Public Rejoicings, and Private Parties. Address, ziENJAMIN ED GINGTON'S, Diarquee, Tent, Flu', and ltick-cloth Manufacturer , 2, Duke-street, London-bridge, Br 3. co en , and Charing-cr oss S.W. Early application for five. d-hand Rick -cloth s. A n Illustrated Catalogue sent GREY HAIR RESTORED TO ITS NATURAL COLOUR. Neuralgia, Nervous tirt--„eadache Rheumatism and Stiff Joints Cured by F. M. VE.RRING'S PATENT MAGNETIC BRUSHES, 10s. and , -.l' B * Grey Hair and Baldness PREVENTED by F. M. Eatent Preventive Brush. Price 4s. and ss. Offices, 32, Illustrate Id_i_usinghalhatreet, London, where may be had, gratis, the Aetriedy,'' d Pamphlet, " Why Hair becomes Grey, and its Sold by all Chemists and Perfumers of repute. GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH, AND P USED IN THE ROYAL LAUNDRY, RONOUNCED BY RER MAJESTY'S LAUNDRESS to be THE FINEST STARCH SHE EVER USED. WHEN YOU ASK FOR GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH, SEE U GET rr, As inferior kinds T are often substituted. Sold by all Chandlers, Grocers &e., Atc. WOTHERSPOON do CO.. GLASGOW AND LONDON. SURE CURE.-LAMB ERT'S ASTHMATIC BALSAM, without co n fi n i ng the bowels or affecting the head, truly efficacious and pleasant, is admitted to be the best Medicine for immediately relieving coughs, colds, confirmed uses of asthma, and consumption. It frequent'y cures per eons whom the faculty pronounce incurable, admirably allays th ß' e tick ling which provokes freq uen t coughing. In approach -111 consumption its effects are truly beneficial. Persons de- Drived of sleep, or even lying down for fear of suffocation, may depend on relief in a few minutes after taking it. —Pre stre et pared , Ira only and sold by W . L ambert, chemist, 20, Jermyn ymarket, and by all druggists, in bottles, 130., 2 .5. ad., and 4s. 6d . each. Be particular and ask for Lambert's "Fith the s tamp Balsam. The name and address is engraved on atic T IORLEY'S wn-t. CATTLE.—Every person having an interest in domestic or farm animals Should obtain a supply of this celebrated and economical food, which will prove invaluable during the approaching season. For keeping horses in good condition it is unequal led. Pigs fatten with surprising rapidity upon it, and their flesh increases in flavour and value. Cowkeepers will find great advantage in the increased quantity and improved qua lity of the milk during its use. All animals are benefited by A A pamphlet on this interesting subject, accompanied by Testimonials from the principal Nobility, Gentry, and Agri culturists, forwarded on a pplication. In casks containing 448 feeds (ine4sures enclosed), Price 505., carriage paid to any Railway Station in the United Kin~•dom Post -office orders payable to Joseph Thorley. 77, Newgate-street, London. N.B.—The public arecautioned agatnst being imposed upon by worthless imitations. THEHEALTH AND SECRET GUIDE ,---- 7 0 ------ --- HAPPINESS. A MEDICAL w on receipt oft o penny stamps, WORK• c Post free, Berners-street, Oxford-street, illustrated vritil r"l No. 19, of Valpeau, Lallemand, Roux, Rim with & 100 opinions c• It gi ves engravings, containing the instructions tor the e f storation of those who are pre- vented howpi4i)e fromentering into the married state, also ng- n e in drea . t . o results from earl abuse, 'gonorrhoea and hins, and d tn 1 benefits arising from the chemical tests and the examination° of the spermatoza by the newly-constructed microscope, With powerful lenses, and containing a valuable prescriptfon of lotion to prevent infection. NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN Tilt SCIENCE OF MEDICIN E. iom iP Patent Office Seal of G rea t B r itain. e de l'Ecole de Pharmacie Pharmacien de Paris. Imp erial College of Me dicine, Vienna. The Patentee h as conf i ded the prepara ti o n of these Medi cines to a Physician of' the Royal University of Erlangen, and Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (who is registered under the New Medical Act) and attends daily at No. 19, Ber ners - street, O x f or d-street, Lon d o n , be tween the hours o f 11 and 2, and from 5 till 8 (Sundays ex_ , fpted), in order to advise P at i ents on t h e i r Diseases an d Treatment , and thus add to the speedy certainty of Cure. TRIESEMAR Nos. 1,2, and 3, prepared in the form of a l ozengs, devoid of taste or smell, and can be carried in the 'waistoat pocket. Sold in tin cases, di v id e d i n t o separat e doses, adapted for both sexes. TRIESEMAR No. 1 is a Remedy for RELAXA TION, S PERMATORRHCEA, and all the distressing con sequences arising from early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, or too long residence in hot climates. It has restored bodily and sexual strength and vigour to thousands of debilitated individuals who are now in the enjoyment of health and the Functions o f Manhcod : and whatever may be the cause for DISQITALIFICA TIONS for MARRIAGE they are effectu ally subdued by this Wonderful Discovery TRIESEMAR NO. IT. effectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely eradicates all traces of Gonorrhoea, both in its mild and a.s,,zravated forms, Gleets, Strictures, Irritation of the Bladder isTon-retention of Urine. Pains of the Loins and Kidneys, and those disorders which so often ruin the health of a vast portion of th is the great Continen ts co lation. T P 1 MIAR Ni O. 111. dary Symptoms :it sitti'medy f or Syphilis and :Secon- Scrofula, and all it les a . certain cure for Scurvy, Mies from the vital stream, E ruptions, removing all impu the virus of disease, and expel it Z 1 altogether to eradicate repos of the skin and urine. and Ir:ugh the medium of the reined?* for that class of disorders which unfortunately til L English Physician treats with Mercury, to the destructio: 17111% patient's con stitution, and which all the sarsaparilla% the world cannot restore. Price 4s. 6d. (by post ss. ad) and 11s, xsizi direct from th e es t a bli s h ment, 19, Berners-street, e -sir, London (free by post ls. Bd. extra, to any part U nited Kingdom ; or four ca ses i n one for 33:.t t, bye post 35. 2d. ex t ra ) , w hi c h saves lls., and in £5 mu d saving of £1 125., upon receipt of Post-office Order, payabl e to Aredicus, and a statement of the case, the Medicines will be sent by return of post. To be had also of' Barclay and Sons, 9 5, Farri ng d on-street; R. Howden, 78, Gracechurcl.- street Bartlett Hooper, 43, WiPg William-street (four doors tom Lone :bridge). ~ No. 20,859. PUBLICATIONS. NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF " WILDFLOWER." Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., WOODL E I G H, By the Author of "WILDFLOWER," "ONE-AND-TWENTY," &c. Hurst and Blackett,l3, Great Marlborough-street. MR. CHARLES READE'S NEW WORK. Just out, LOVE ME LITTLE, LOVE ME LONG Two Volumes. One Guinea. Trubner and Co. "The Story of our Lives from Year to Year."—Shakspeare. The First Number, for the 30th April, 1859, price Twopence, of ALL THE YEAR ROUND : A Weekly Journal, Designed for the Instruction and Entertain ment of all Classes of Readers, and to assist in the Discussion of the Social Questions of the Day, conducted by CHARLES DICKENS, CONTAINS A TALE OF TWO CITIES. IN THREE Booxs. BOOR THE FIRST—RECALLED TO LIFE. CHAPTER I.—THE PERIOD. CHAPTER lI.—THE MAIL. CHAPTER lII. NIGHT SHADOWS. By CHARLES DICKENS. Sure to be Healthy, Wealthy, The Poor Man and his Beer. and Wise. A Piece of China. Occasional Reg,ister : Wanted, Trade Songs : the Workhouse Found, Missing. Nurse. The Blacksmith. The City of Earthly Eden. Haunted London. Published also in Monthly Parts and in Half-Yearly Volumes, at the Office, 11, Wellington-street North, Strand, W. C. ; also by Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly, London,W. "The Story of our Lives from Year to Year."—Shakspeare." The First Number, price Twopence, of the New Weekly Journal, ALL THE YEAR ROUND, will contain the First Part of A NEW STORY, entitled A TALE OF TWO CITIES, by CHARLES DICKENS. To be con tinued iron week to week until completed. Just published, THEATRE OF WAR IN ITALY.-WYLD'S NEW MAP of the THEATRE of WAR in ITALY, chewing the Kingdoms of Lombardy and Sardinia, with all the Military Towns, &c. ; also the routes of the French and Austrian Armies. In sheet, ss. ; case, Bs. 6d. ; on roller, 10s. 6d.—J. Wyld, Geographer to the Queen, Charing-cross East, next door to the post-office, and 2, Royal Exchange. THE AUSTRALIAN MAIL. - A NEW SOUTH COLONIAL MONTHLY NEWSPAPER. No. I. will be published on the arrival of the next Mail, due in London about the 4th of May. Price 6d. Office for Advertisements, No. 11, Bouverie-street, Fleet street. Just published, Bvo, in cloth, price 55., by post free, ss. 6d., THE TREATMENT of STRICTURES of the URETHRA ; showing why they so often appear In curable, when in reality they might be removed by the most simple means. By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R C.S.E., And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the Cure'of Strictures of the Urethra. " This work is the production of a surgeon whose special attention has been directed, through a long professional life, to the treatment of strictures of the urethra. The cases which Mr. Courtenay has given supply ample evidence of his great discriminative power in the diagnosis of the various kinds of stricture, and of the scientific principles upon which their management is founded. By his systematic management an immense mitigation of pain to the unhappy sufferers is attained, and future mischief prevented. The work we can most unreservedly and confidently recommend as a valuable contribution, both to the general and professional reader, and ought to be found in the private study of all who are subject to stricture."—Medical Circular, Dec. Ist, 1858. London: H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. ELECTRICAL INFLUENCE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. Just Published, price is., free by Post for Fourteen Stamps, SECOND LIFE : or ELECTRICAL NERVOUS FORCE ; a MEDICAL WORK, intended for the special perusal of all who are suffering from the various forms of NERVOUS and PHYSICAL DEBILITY, and the distress ing ulterior consequences to which they lead ; with practical Observations on the great Curative power of ELECTRO GALVANISM in the treatment of these Disorders, by infus ing tone and vigour in constitutions relaxed or debilitated from various enervating causes. Illustrated with Cases com piled from the Note-b ook of a Registered Medical Practi tioner of twenty years' standing. Unlike many vaunted restoratives, Electricity is one which commends itself to the medical man as being accordant with the soundest teachings of physiology. By the most obvious indication it admits of being shown that the Electrical and Nervous energies are identical ; hence, that when the latter fails, the former can take its place, and that when, from irre gularities of any kind, the nervous system has become debili tated, paralysed, or exhausted, and the patient brought to a condition little short of total prostration, then by the action of Electricity, imparting certainty and efficacy to medical treatment, he can be re-invigorated, and his health re-esta blished to a degree almost warranting the designation of SECOND LIFE. Published by Mann, 39 Cornhill, and of all Booksellers. ON SPINAL AND OTHER DEFORMITIES. PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS on the CAUSES and TREATMENT of CURVATURES of the SPINE. Third Edition, price 6e. Just published, Second Edition, price is. 6d. CASES and OBSERVATIONS illustrative of the beneficial results which may be obtained by close attention and per severance in some of the most unpromising instances of Spinal Deformity, with numerous Engravings. And FACTS and OBSERVATIONS on the PHYSICAL EDU CATION of CHILDREN, especially as regards the Preven tion of Spinal and other Deformities. With Engravings. By SAMUEL HARE, F.R.C.S., &c. "We unhesitatingly commend this work as a truthful and trustworthy statement of the power of scientific surgery and medicine over some of the most grievous hindrances to human activity and industry."—Medical Gazette. •" The Author has had much success in his plan of treat ment, and we are of opinion that the principles on which he acts, in the treatment of 'these affections, are correct."— Lancet. "Mr. Hare may take credit to himself for having effected much good in the treatment of the cases described.''—British Medical Journal. _ _ _ "Mr. Hare is, we think, a sound and successful practi ioner."—Medical Circular. London : John Churchill ; and may be had of all booksellers. HART'S PATENT ECONOMISING GAS BURNER, the great desideratum of the age to all con sumers of Gas. By its use the objections to the introduction of Gas into private dwellings are removed, inasmuch as every particle of gas, on reaching the orifice of the burner, is fairly consumed, and thus the diffusion of those noxious vapours so injurious to health, and destructive to works of art, bindings of books, &c., is entirely prevented. The burner can be fitted by the most inexperienced hand to any chandelier or bracket. May be had at the Depot, 69, Fleet-street, E.C., price Two Shillings each : one sent on receipt of 30 postage stamps. RUPTURES, WHITE'S MOC-MAIN PATENT LEVER TRUSS is allowed by upwards of 200 professional gentlemen to be the best for Hernia. It consists of a small and elastic pad, to which a lever is attached, and (instead of the usual steel spring) a soft bandage, fitting so closely as to avoid detection. A descriptive circular may be had, and the truss forwarded by post, on the circumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being sent to the manufacturer, Mr. John White, 228, Piccadilly. Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., and 31s. 6d. Postage, is Doubla ditto, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d.—Post-office Orders to John White, Post-office, Piccadilly. Maker of Elastic Stock ings, Knee-caps, &c. 3, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., LONDON. DR. M. R. CULVERWELL and SON, Mem ber of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apothecaries' Hall, London, nave Just published, , price . l!. ; by post, 13 stamps, 18 sealed, No. 4, An entire new and oridnal Work, entitled OURSELVES. For those who seek Physicians' skill To soothe where sorrow dwells, Or friend's advice, to guard 'gainst ill, Will find it in OURSELVES. Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. Also, an Exposition of, and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange; ments and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Illennorrhagia 'Gonorrhoea), Spermatorrhcea, Impotency, and all Diseases of the Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, Sze. FEMALE. The Physiology and Anatomy of Women—Functional Ir regularities in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage— Their Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and Removal of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of Gesta tion—Use of the Speculum, and the securing of Healthy Offspring. Also, _ No. 1. ITEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY ; On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion, No. 2. LOVE AND MARRIAGE : Their Obligations, Happiness and Disappointments ; Love and other Matches Sterility' Removed, and Healthy Off spring secured. * No. 3. THE CASE 1300 K : 100 Cases of SPERMATORRWEA, Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessions and Cure by Cauterisations, Galvanism, &C. &o. To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Authors. ro-Galvanis:. ONmATTRAISECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND Ayrceiols,pN of Ele c t T Y. With an Appendix on the Curative Powers St Published\ri D ERILITY A an M d rticularl K in ref ost free, 13 stamps, RS oft e G 11 WS I l E T EA I L E K: j:F S Nu- a EIT n S d RES DR. moreVISO NERVOUS Medical Treatise tracing the Origin of tGENERATIVE SYSTEM; strov the vigour of Mani? " 0 tains of a alfiictions to causes de on the Cure of these Diseases,°d With Praentclicuematurely storative power of LOCAItnd on the extraordinaryObrvations Impotence, and Sterility, in Which ANISM in Spermatorh re pain or danger, and is frequently Cases it Is with ce ou a ti of medicine. successful wit hout la the aid BY SAMUEL LA'lltErz 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, — T: M.D. Registered Licentiate of the London Society NDdN . Doctor of Medicine of the University o f Etryi of Apothecaries, Member of the London Hospital Medical rgen, Honorary An erroneous impression exists that public an etY. `"' on these disorders emanate only from unqualified but as the new Medical Act provides that none butd Persons, practitioners shall assume ilny medical title, those that legally qualified can readily be distinguished--a point of t are importance in cases where secrecy, confidence, and areskill equally requisite. In the new edition of `Self-Preservation,' fa cts of Para mount utility are brought together—facts appealing to the prudence of all who are suffering from affections which in volve the enfeeblement and ultimate loss of those p owers without which man forfeits the dignity of nature, and sinks to the most pitiable depths of physical and moral degradation. In cases where the vital essences have been weakened by the influences of tropical climates, by pernicious habits, indiscri minate excesses, improper diet, hardship, or bv injudicious treatment, the means of cure adopted by the author, in con junction with the application of Local Galvanism, have gene rally been found successful, even in cases where recovery had been pronounced impossible Published by the Author, price Is., or free by post for thir teen stamps, and may be had of Allen, Warwick-lane, Pater noster-row, London ; Westmacott, chemist, Market-street, Manchester ; J, Guest, Bull-street, Birmingham; Baraclough, Fargate, o Sheffield; Rayner, High-street, Southampton; W. !Amyl' 1 4 1noch-square, Glasgow ; H. Powell, Westmoreland et, Dublin or from the Author, who may be consulted daily fro El even redde , In till Two, and from Six till Eight, at his nee, 87, Bedford-square, London. TO THE FREE AND INDEPENDENT ELECTORS OF THE BOROUGH OF WALSALL. fIENTLEMEN,—In accepting your unexpected kA invitation to come forward as a Candidate for your borough at the coming election, I feel it due to you as well as myself to state openly my political opinions. In early life I was returned to Parliament as a Radical Re former, and did my duty honestly to the constituents who did me the honour of electing me their Representative ; seeking neither profit, position, or advantage for myself or friends ; always voting, not for party objects, but for the measures I felt to be for the advantage of the people of Great Britain. Years have passed, and experience, combined with reflec tion, has but strengthened my determination, if again re turned to Parliament, to pursue the same course, and do my duty to the constituents whose representative I am, by con sulting and advancing as much as I can the interests of the people; at large, the Un-represented as well as the Repre sented. My political creed may be summed up in a few words, " a Large Extension of the Suffrage, Vote by Ballot, and, though a member of the Established Church myself, an Abolition of Church Rates, with a total Repeal of the infamous Game Laws, alike a disgrace to their supporters and our Statute Book." I advocate peace, and hope the people of England recollect each Soldier costs them twelve shillings and sixpence per day. If returned to Parliament I will join no factious opposition, but will support any government, be it Derbyite or not, that progress fairly in these matters of Reform. The day of elec tion is so near that a personal canvass is impossible, and I trust the men of Walsall, Electors and non-Electors, who think and feel niy Political Principles ought to be supported, will urge their friends to vote for Your humble Servant, EDWARD SOUTHWELL RUTHVEN. Cavendish Club, London, April, 25th, 1859. VOLUNTEER CORPS. The following letters on this subject have been addressed to a contemporary : To you the credit is justly due of having revived the sub. , ject of Volunteer Corps. Recent events have given additional importance to the subject, and have shown most forcibly the truth and accu racy of your predictions. With France and Russia in the close alliance of a league offensive and defensive, it assuredly behoves this country to look about her. This is now conceded by men of all parties and of every shade of opinion. The effect of that conviction may be already traced in the efforts making in various quar ters to rouse to action the do rman t enthusiasm of a large portion of that class, the flower of the population of Eng land. This is shown by an earnest desire to form rifle regi ments and rifle societies in various parts of the country. At our two Universities, especially, is this spirit observ able; and there can be little doubt but that if the authorities only show ordinary alacrity in taking advantage of the zeal and enthusiasm manifested both at Oxford and Cambridge, their example will speedily be followed in other quarters ; and we shall soon have—in our southern counties at least, where they are chiefly needed—as many picked regiments of this kind as would be needed, to co •operate with other troops in the case of any emergency. The value of levies such as these is apt to be much under rated by those who have had but little experience in actual warfare, and whose knowledge of history is small. The re. ' cords of the past, however, sufficiently show that the valour and enthusiasm of such men, when duly disciplined, have often proved more than a match for the bull-dog courage and endurance of even veteran paid forces. In that dire struggle in the Cevennes between 1702 and 1704, during which it is computed that 50,000 troops fell (although the insurgents never had at any one time more than 3,000 under arms), all the skill and generalship of four successive marshals of France could scarcely achieve a single victory. To a body chiefly consisting of rifle volunteers it was that Burgoyne and an entire British army, composed of the finest troops in the world, surrendered at Saratoga in 1777. The indomitable prowess of volunteers again prevailed in 1781, when:Lord Cornwallis and another English army were compelled to lay down their arms. The Tyrolese made short work of Napoleon's choicest troops. The deeds of valour performed by the German student-volunteers in 1813-15 are too well known to need recital here. Again, the whole might of Russia, with half-a-million of troops at her beck, in a long and sanguinary war, has never accomplished a success worth recording against the gallant volunteers of Circassia. Can it for a moment be presumed that in this England of ours, less chivalrous feeling really exists than has been ac tually evoked in other countries when the need arose ? It must not be forgotten, however, that spirit and daring and gallantry, however great, unless properly trained and disci plined, are of little worth. The present, then, is the time for the formation of the nuclei, at least, of such corps as have been alluded to. Let those who feel themselves qualified for the duties come forward, and her Majesty will speedily have at her disposal as noble a body of volunteers as the world has ever produced. Let it bo remembered that these corps cost the country nothing, that they interfere with no established institutions, and above all, that they engender and foster a spirit of loyalty, obedience, and order, which after all is the only true safeguard of nations. Some nervous elderly gentlemen among our "authorities," have, it is said, been known to tremble at the danger of training what they are pleased to call the " lower orders," even to shudder at the thought of putting arms into their hands, forgetting that every time a militia regiment is dis banded several hundreds of trained troops are dispersed, who would find no difficulty in re-assembling if mischievously disposed, nor in quickly providing themselves with arms. But the men who would come forward as volunteers are of a far superior class to militia privates, and would for the most part be by birth and education gentlemen. In proof of this let us, for a moment, examine the constitution of one of the two existing Rifle Volunteer Regiments, the " Vic toria Rifles," enrolled in 1853, and commanded by Lieut.- Colonel the Duke of Wellington. (Tho details of the staff may be seen on reference to the Army List.) The muster rollshows that a large prcportion of the rank and file of the regiment consists of Oxford and Cambridge men, four members of Parliament, several distinguished members of the bar, as well as of other professions. Tho regiment has, at Kilburn, a parade ground of 14 acres, with a range of 400 yards for target practice, and a resident adjutant, whose decorations, gained in a rifle regi ment, attest his services in the line. Recruits are admitted by the officers only, after ballot, so that the present high character of the corps is always likely to be maintained. The head-quarters of the other corps are now at Exeter, and, if report speaks truly, is similarly constituted. Why are not these regiments at once raised to 1,000 men each— a word of encouragement from the authorities is all that is required ; and why, indeed, have we not eight or ten batta lions at least already under arms ? The very announce ment of such a state of things would be our surest safe guard. If the prowess of volunteer corps has over and overagain been sufficiently proved under the old system of warfare, what may we not anticipate of them when armed with a weapon individual proficiency in the use of which is alone sufficient to ensure future success in the field ? That our native superiority over the French in the use of fire-arms remains to us in the present day the experience of any one who has engaged in "La Chasse" across the Chan nel will attest, and this native superiority it should be the object of every one who wishes thoroughly and inexpensively to guard our coasts to endeavour to develop. When her power to carry the bayonet was more to be relied upon than the other properties of " brown Bess," great efficiency co uld only result from constant drill. All that is necessary to render effective a body of mon armed with the Enfield rifle, the weapon now in use, is an . attendance (consistent with the occupations of most men) sufficient to teach them to move together, to know the bugle calls, and, above all, to become good rifle shots. What " the cloth-yard shaft and grey goose wing" effected, when guided by an English eye and an English hand at Cressy and at Agincourt, the rifle bullet will do in any future contest, more especially when the opposing army would have to advance through a country where each lane and hedgerow would be lined with its "guerillas." Such is the obect of the particular regiment above ad verted to. Their Wednesday afternoon drill and shooting are well worth inspection by anyone who takes an interest in the subject to which you have so well and so patriotically , drawn attention, and the visit will offer some v aluable sug gestions in the very desirable formation of similar bodies.— I am, &c., THE AUTHOR OF " THE RIFLE AND HOW TO USE IT." United University Club, April 27. Sir, - --With all deference to the opinions which have been expressed in the columns of some of your contemporaries, I do not believe that there are many old military officers who are opposed to the immediate formation of volunteer rifle corps in this country. Of course we find in all professions some well meaning but prejudi ce d men who will insist that the present system and regulation s of their particular calling are the best and true ones, and do notrequire either improvement or change. The most strikinc, example perh a p s on recor d of this feeling is that of the late b lluke of Wellington, who never could be persuaded that the musket of the British infantry required improvement, and as he had won all his glorious victories with " old brown Bess," in la is opinion that was the " queen of Weapons." In the year 1803, we had about 300,000 volunteers in this THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 29, 1859. THE LONDON.—The attention of Clergymen, -A- Officers, and Professional Gentlemen, is especially drawn to the advantages offered in these elegant and spa cious Saloons, which fulfil all the requirements of a West end club of the most aristocratic and exclusive character. F. SAWYER, Proprietor , 191, Fleet-street. THE LONDON.—S AW Y E R'S famous LONDON DINNER, consisting . of two soups, two fish, two entrees, joints, two sweets, cheese, and salad, at a fixed charge of 2s. 6d. (attendance, 3d.), is served from Two till Eight in the spacious Saloon. In the Coffee-room, Dinners from theloint, with vegetables, cheese, and salad, Is. 6d. (attendance 3d.), and soup, fish, en trées, &c., a la carte, are served from One till Nine o'clock. Ladies' Private Rooms and Dinin" Saloons. Spacious and well-ventilated Wine, Coffee, and Smoking. Saloon. An extensive and carefully selected stock of Rhenish, Mo selle, and other Wines, imported expressly for the London Dinner. Open on Sundays from Four till Nine. F. SAWYER, Proprietor, 191, Fleet-street. THE PATRICIAN. This Establishment is now Open for first-class DINNERS, LUNCHEONS, dre. The PATRICIAN DINNER, in the large Dining-room, at 2s. 6d., comprising Soup, Fish, Entrees, Joints, Pastry, Cheese, dc. The Wines with corresponding; economy. In the Coffee-room, Dinners and Refreshments ala carte. Spe cial attention is invited to the numerous Private Apartments for the Patrician Dinner, at ss. The Smoking and Chess room combines comfort and elegance. The lavatories, vest'. bales, and spacious entrance, with the general unique arrange ments, ensure an acknowledgment that this noble Mansion is worthy of its title—THE PATRICIAN. Open at Five on Sundays. Orders, addressed to J. HOLMES and CO., The Patrician, New Coventry-street, will have the best attention.' N.B.—Wedding Breakfasts and Ball Suppers, with first class attendance. SCOTCH AND PALE ALES. --JOHN AITCHISON and Co., be to inform the Trade that they have OPENED their NEW STORES at BROKEN WHARF, 41, UPPER THAMES-STREET, where their un rivalled Stock of Scotch and Pale Ales may be seen, tasted, and found superior to any in the market. J. A. and Co. will be happy to see any of the Trade at Broken-wharf, and to submit them samples of the various qualities. Agent—JAMES STODART. country ; and at the present time we have in England some of the finest mounted corps to be seen in Europe. Any one who has had the good fortune to see the Che shire, Shropshire, and Yorkshire regiments of yeomanry cavalry assembled will scarcely dispute this statement. There are hundreds of thousands of men in this country who cannot afford the expense or trouble of keeping horses, but who can all provide themselves with the most im proved rifles. Shall it be said that such persons are less patriotic, or less willing to devote themselves to the service of their country, than the loyal and high spirited men who form the mounted corps I have named, and many others equally efficient ? Let us make a movement at once. Tki fine season is rapidly approaching, most suitable for drill and exercise. - Woolwich is one of the most desirable places in this king dom for mustering and organising a rifle corps. Will the "men of Kent" and Surrey, within a moderate distance of this place, decline coming forward at this event ful period, when their native land is threatened by the most dangerous treaty " offensive and defensive" which has ever existed in Europe ? We can most of us purchase our own weapons ; but let a fund be established to assist all persons to whom such an outlay might prove inconvenient. I beg to offer £5O, or, if necessary, £lOO towards such a fund. The meeting for drill and exercise may be made a period of amusement; and cricket matches, boating, and other manly sports, may be enjoyed continually. Government will probably provide a store, or magazine, wherein to place the arms and accoutrements, and keop them in proper order. Other similar corps will soon be formed and organised all over England. Manchester, Liverpool, Bristol, and other great towns, can surely raise corps of 1,000 each. Canterbury is another place to which the people of Eng land look with confidence for setting an example at this moment. Combined with the annual cricket matches. for which that city has become noted, this duty of preparing for the defence of the sacred soil of England will be made a " labour of love."--I am, &c., OBSERVER, April 29. nuously protest against such a mode of political con troversy. No such treaties exist as the Times described yesterday. It is not true that " Russia has bound herself, in the event of France being at war with Austria, to assist France by the co-operation of her fleets in the Baltic and Mediterranean ;" it is not true that any treaty secures "that, in case Austria should invade Sardinia, Russia shall declare war against ber within 15 days of her violation of the Piedmontese soil." So far from having formed combinations with Russia, which may affect the Rhine and the Bosphorus, the French Emperor has not been able to obtain, even if he has sought, the co-operation of Alexander 11. on the Po. Many Englishmen, we suspect, would hear with intense satisfaction that " Russia had engaged to declare war against Austria within 15 days of her violation of the Piedmontese soil ;" but, unfortunately, it is not litrue. The convention or agreement to conclude a treaty, just signed between France and Russia, belongs to the same class of diplomatic documents as that which England signed with Austria at an early period of the Crimean war. That compact, it may be remembered, never took effect, because Austria at no time recognised that the conditions upon which it was to become operative had come into existence. The contingency upon which the present agreement is calculated is, remote. It is not directed against England, but it is intended to ensure the neutrality of the rest of Europe while France and Austria fight in Italy. Its aim is to circumscribe the horrors and calamities of war by confining hostilities to their original theatre, between the Alps and the Mediterranean. It is time to return to reason and to ourselves— time to let the despots of Europe see dud we are prepared at all . points, by sea and land, to defend our own, but that we are not going to saddle our selves with taxes and our children with debt, nor to stain our consciences with blood, in order to bolster up their rotten thrones. An opportunity is afforded us of showing the world that we have really profited by the lessons of history and expe rience, and are not going to repeat the melancholy errors of former days. We have among us stupid statesmen who blunder into alliances and enmities before they know where they are, and we have also able statesmen, scarcely less dangerous, whose am bition is to direct great wars, and make a figure on the stage of the world. If the country can be saved from such perils, it must be by its own practical good sense. The questions of foreign policy now before the country are easy to understand, and so is the state of Europe. Now is the time, while the people are sending their representatives to Parlia ment, to make known that, while to us one despot is much the same as another, we are determined that not a drop of an English sailor's or soldier's blood shall be spilt in their quarrel. WAR AND THE MOIVEIr MARKET. (From the Times.) Let our readers note a fact which it may be interesting to remember, and almost incredible to tell twenty years hence, that this great European war is commenced by three destitute, necessitous, and almost bankrupt Powers. The last word is scarcely too hard to apply to Gover nmen t s w hi c h are asking for the loan of immense sums, happily in vain. Russia, whose Four-and-a -Half per Cent. Stock stands at 87, has lately been inviting the British capitalists to lend hor twelve millions ; France, whose Three per Cent. Rentes have fallen to day to 62f. 65c., announces a loan of twenty millions, when a loan of much less amount had b een ra i se d with difficulty ; and Austria's Five per Cents. stand at 49. These figures represent the financial condition to which England might be reduced after carrying on with increasing ene rg y a war in the Crimea and another in India for ten years, without stinting herself of anyootrhreorwliunngu,rayn.d can these three Powers cannot keep the wolf out without continual begging and only discharge their old obligations by co n t rac ti ng fresh ones, their bankruptcy is a question of time. But, with a perfectly empty Exchequer and a blasted credit, they set abort the costli es t o f a ll human operations ; for, happily, nothing costs so much as killing one's fellow-creatures. That this should be done once would be a marvel, had not the marvel been so often repeated as to be a marvel no more. As most great battles have been fought by armies in a state of physical exhaustion, so most great wars have been commenced with em pty trea suries. It is a truth with which statesmen are only too familiar. When Prince Felix Schwartzenberg was appealed to by a deputation of merchants to consider the hopeless state of Austrian credit, he observed that till a country was bankrupt it never knew the extent of its resources. Money, he was aware, was a good thing, but it was sometimes quite as well to have no money at all, though it was not to be denied that the measures necessary under those circumstances might be burdensome to the people. It may, then, be rash to assume that these three Powers now rushing into the fray will find any insurmountable difficulty in carrying on the war. Austria may as well feed her army upon Piedmont as upon Lombardy, and France has always found it convenient to quarter her soldiers on her neighbours. Then, even our own commercial experience may have taught us that insolvency often takes refuge in extended operations. It is natural to escape lesser liabilities by undertaking .greater; and the sequel seems to justify the wisdom of the process, for a discerning public evidently thinks a great bankruptcy less discreditable than a small one. To fail for a thou sand pound is ridiculous ; for fifty thousand tragic and magnificent. We do not venture to prophecy the value of French, Russian, or Austrian stock after a seven years' war; but war will always be possible so long as the majority of mankind look to the interest rather than the security of a loan, and are always able to flatter themselves that the worst is over, and that this is positively the very last addition to the debt. Yet, let it be understood what sort of a financial stage we are entering upon. If the war does go on, then we venture to predict that British capitalists will be able to purchase French, Russian, and Aus trian stock much cheaper five years hence. The 7 had better, therefore, use their money for domestic purposes at present, and invest in the Continental funds, if they are so minded, at the end of those five years. Almost any investment is better than lend ing to a State which is plunging into an endless war. It wants everything. It wants men ;it wants all the materials of war; it wants credit for daily transactions ; and for all these purposes it must borrow more still. Already all kinds of corn are rising rapidly ; coal of every sort is caught up for conveyance to this or that place; and freight is again in request. So, here we have that golden age of high prices which the agriculturists and some merchants remember with delight, but which a statesman cannot contemplate without the utmost concern. War is a disease which turns into one huge sore all the aliments which should supply strength to the body, and which is more exigent of supplies than the most robust and industrious state of health. The belligerents will want everything, and they would be delighted to obtain from us the means of our ow n destruction or humiliation. Perhaps w e canno t refuse them materials. It will rest with individuals to lend their money as they please ; but nobody will pity those who are ruined by t oo eage rly graspin g this opportunity of a private gain at the cost of their country. To those who wish to think a little before they lend foreigners the means of indefinite mischief, it may be as well to suggest that war is daily . becoming more expensive than ever. It is becoming a question of money. It will be fought as much in the dockyard and the labora tory as on sea or land. Our city intelligence supplies some curious hints as to the way in which a confiding country may be made to fabricate instruments against itself. There are now building in the Thames 27 gunboats of very light draught, besides vessels of larger size, for the Spanish Government. What can that Go vernment want with apparatus for landing arma ments and pushing up creeks and harbours ? What is the proposed scene for these interesting opera tions ? By a singular coincidence Spain also wants a complete set of our Admiralty Charts. She is not usually adventurous. She has not mach to gain in our waters, or in any waters frequented by our shipping. But there still survives a tradition that Spain can throw herself into the service of France, and has not always been able to resist the attrac tions of that service. Indeed, she is hardly a free agent in the matter. France holds, as a sort of State secret, that Spain must always be either her property or her accomplice, and that whatever be longs to Spain is at the command of France. Thus, we see all around the mysterious evidences of a grand preparation, for what we know not. For objects so great as those she may have in view France can afford to wait, to hesitate, and even to withdraw. That, we are told, is the purport of the last intelligence from Paris. But is not delay itself worth something to France at this moment, when Austria is two or three days ahead of her, and when the season is f u ll ear ly for the Alpine pass e s P Aus tria had made an effort, iot to say a sacrifice of appearances, to strike the first blow. If France now at last list e n s t o rea sons, and p re t en d s to ne gotiate, how shall we know that it is not to put herself on a strategical equality with Austria ? All must be distrust where there has been so much hypocrisy ; and we feel that what we have to look to is the actual movements of the French armies, not the professions of the French Government. So long as half a dozen c o r p s d' arniee are converg i n g upon Piedmont it matters little what is said at Paris ; for Napoleon 111. himself could hardly pre vent a collision b e t ween a F renc h an d A us t r i a n army if they found themselves face to face. (From the .Daily News.) We fear it will be poor consolation to the mer chants who have been broken and the families who have been beggared by the panic which has raged since Wednesday morning to learn that they have been the victims of a stupendous imposture, and that after all there was no re ason w h y th e y should be ruined. If terrifying mis-statements are to sup ply the place of reason in the formation of public opinion, and men's estates are to be knocked down by the thousand, merely to prove that one despot is cleaner handed than another, we ca n on ly are- THE NA VY. Rear-Admiral G. Rodney Mundy hoisted his flag (blue at the mizen) on board the Hannibal, 91, screw steamship, in Portsmouth harbour, yesterday afternoon, as second in command in the Mediter ranean. and saluted the flag of Admiral W. Bowles, C.B. flying on board the Victory, from the Excellent, the Victory returning the compliment. The Melpomene, 51, screw steam-frigate, in the steam basin at Portsmouth, has completed coaling, &c. She will move out of the steam basin on Satur day. The Mersey, 40, screw steam-frigate, Captain H. Caldwell, C. 8., had her crewpaid advance of wages at Spithead on Tuesday. Her Majesty's paddlewheel sloop and frigate Gor gon and Firebrand were yesterday commissioned at Woolwich by Commander Richard E. Pym and Commander James M. Bruce to join the fleet. - The Virago, 6, steamer, Commander Montagu B. Dunn, remains in harbour at Chatham for the pur pose of towing the Eurydice, 26, to Portsmouth as soon as that vessel shall be ready to leave the port. The crew of the Virago are employed rigging and fitting the Eurydice, in order to bring her forward to be used as a training ship for the "Laval cadets serving on board the Britannia, 120. • The paddlewheel steam sloop Gladiator, 6, Mr. F. T. Jameson, master, was plac e d in do c k at Devon port on Tuesday to have her copper repaired and cleaned. r The steam transport Oscar arrived at Woolwich pier yesterday morning, and commenced shipping shot, shell, and guns for Gibraltar. The steamers Britannia and Peninsula and the Sidney Hall have sailed with a like cargo for the same place. The following transports were yesterday taken up by the War Department for the shipment of stores from Woolwich—namely, the Inkerman, for Hong Kong; the steamer Gibraltar, for Gibraltar; the Snaresbrook, for Wellington ; the Early Morn, for Port Natal ; the Black Prince, for Sierra Leone ; the Pembrokeshire Lass, for Malta; the Renshaw, for St. Helena ; and the Dahlia, for the Mauritius. The Cunard screw steamship Etna, of 2,000 tons burden, has been chartered at Liverpool by our Government to convey troops to the Mediterranean. The Persia, which arrived at Liverpool on Sunday last, saw the British Channel squadron leaving the Irish coast, bound south, on Saturday, the 23d inst. In the notification of the Lords of the Admiralty to the Royal navy, published in The Sun of yester day, an error occurs. The " savings" price is not reduced from" 2d. to lid. per 1b.," but from 2d. to lid. per lb. The following appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty : Master—Valentine F. Johnson, to the Firebrand ; Joseph Cutajar, to the Gorgon. Second Masters Thomas Pounds, to the Banshee; Alex. Gray, to the Hannibal; Selwyn S. Sugden (acting), to the Rhadamanthus. Paymasters—Frederick Lucas, to the Firebrand ; derley W. Chimmo, to the Russell; Henry Sewell, to the Gorgon; William H. Ozzard, to the Hogue; Thomas S. Vinal (additional) to the Fisgard ; Frederick C. Flenley (additional), to the Pembroke; Thomas W. Wells (addi tional), to the Arrogant. Assistant Paymaster—W. P. Burwood (in charge), to the Banshee; Adolphus D'Albertanson, to the Firebrand. Clerks—W. C. Devereux, to the Gorgon ; Richard Drury, to the Blenheim. THE ARMY. The late intelligence relative to the continental crisis has created considerable activity in Woolwich Arsenal and dockyard. A Government messenger arrrived at the Arsenal on Thursday, under special orders to deliver his despatch into no other hands but those of Captain Boxer, Superintendent of the Laboratory, who was absent at the time. The de spatch, it appears, contained important instructions for the hasty preparation of an abundant supply of war materials, to be ready for any sudden emer gency. Yesterday morning an extra number of hands were engaged in the Laboratory department, and shot and shell were put in process of being cleaned and coated in readiness for use. The heads of departments were yesterday summoned by tele gram to meet in committee at the War Department, Pall-mall. Upwards of 100,000 shot and shell and 100 siege and other guns have been delivered for transport to Gibraltar alone during the present month, and a corresponding number for Malta and the lonian Islands. The 28th and 29th companies of Royal Engineers will embark for the Mediterranean early in the ensuing month, the 28th, for Corfu and the 29th for Malta. The embarkation of the first division (four com panies) of the 15th Regiment for Alderney in the Urgent screw troopship at Portsmouth on Tuesday was postponed until yesterday, in coisequence of orders received by telegram from the Horse Guards to await the arrival at Portsmouth of Major Car thew's battery of Royal Artillery for embarkati on in the same vessel. The following troops embarked in the Urgent yesterday:-15th Regiment, 4 com panies—Major A. R. Sewell I and wife, Captain J. Wilkinson, Li eu tenants J. 0. Kemmis and M. J . C . Browne, Ensigns R. A. Mostyn, G. W. Hayne, and E. J. Boultbee, Assistant-Surgeon J. D. Healy, is sergeants, 14 corporals, drummers, 262 privates, 23 women, 32 children. The Artillery from Pem• broke embarked comprised Lieutenants Anderson and Cooke, 13 non-commissioned officers, 2 trum peters, 92 gunners, 14 women, and 24 children. This battery of artillery will relieve at Alderney Captain Vernon's battery of artillery, which will return in the Urgent for garrison dut y at Ports mouth. The Urgent sailed for Alderneyat five p .m. The East Suffolk Militia Artillery ha ve I .in. eft Ipswich for Portsmouth. VALIDITY OF MARRIAGES.—An act of Parliament was rendered necessary in the late session (passed on the 19th inst.), to make ce r t a i n marr i ages valid wh i c hh a d b een performed in the church of St. James, Baldersby, in the county of York. It appears that the church was erected in or before 1857, and was duly consecrated for Divine service, and marriages have been solemnised therein under the opi nion that, according to the terms of the sentence of conse cration, they could be lawfully solemnised. Such, how ever, seems not to be the case, and the act was passed to declare the m arr i ages to b e as valid as if they had been solemnised in the'pa r i s h c h urc h o f Topcliffe. The ministers who solemnised the marriages are indemnified, andthe registers of th e marr i ages or co pi es are to be received in all courts of law and equity as evidence of such marriages in the same manner as registers of marriages in parish churches. PRICE 4D • STAMPED, 6D. ENGLAND'S POLICY. " An Englishman," in a letter to a contemporary, says :—England's policy—What is England's best policy ? This is the question that should be seri ously taken into every reflective man's consideration. In doing so, it should be done in no local, narrow spirit, but with a due sense of what England is in the world—with the recollection vivid that not only are we European, but Asiatic, African, American, and Australian. Our political position is eminently one of the first in every quarter of the globe ; we represent a sixth part of the whole human family, while Russia represents a ninth, and Austria and France each of them but the twenty-sixth part. Of the 175,000,000 people who form our portion there are not 30,000,000 in Europe ; whereas of Russia's 133,000,000, almost half are here, and the rest adjoining. Of France' s 38,000,000 there are 35,000,000, and Austria, with the exception of a few thousaneo, has all her tribe in Europe. These coun tries may, therefore, be considered as exclusively European ' . but we English are, as it we re , un i versa l —we hold a world-wide nationality, and in consi dering our policy this should be particularly remembered. It seems to me that if we raise our survey above the local, immediate irritabilities at hand, we can only conclude that the wisest course to pursue is that of total abstinence from the broil commencing in our European quarter. We are apt to carry that " balance of power" principle too far ; it is a theory much too arbitrary for the welfare of the various peoples with their manifold ways—who must ever protest against certain huge Governments being , thrust on them, simply because :geological develop ment has caused this river to flow here, that mountain to rise there. Let England guard her own. The sea runs between her and the Continent. If the barriers of nature are to be interpreted as indications of separation, then let us remember where rolls the sea the wildest. Let the despots of Europe fight till the issue be that of the Kilkenny cats. England, strong in her wealth and might, will be respected and conciliated by each of the combatants, in the meantime fulfilling her duty im partially towards every portion of her vast empire. The objection to this policy is that some conqueror, more successful than another, might extend his sove reignty on the continent till it became a menace to England. This can never be so. The four dis tinct nationalities of Russia, France, Germany, and Italy are too vividly felt ever to permit a Roman rule to exist. The river and the mountain may be insufficient to stay, but nothing will over power the fierce instinct of national identity. There are deep streaks of it crossing Central Europe that must always restrain the encroach ment of either a Russian or French invading tide. England need not alarm herself that the stock of German princes is on the point of annihilation, nor should she dream of interposition until her real in terests are threatened. Foresight, statesmanship, and a real knowledge of our country's station in the world, all emphatically demand our withhold ing from the fray, or from assenting to the doctrine that any European war must necessarily involve us. We are too fond of asserting our police duties. We may congratulate ourselves on the existence of a great German Power without ruining ourselves to support it. An echo comes from every frag ment of our colossal dominion crying for—strict neutrality. THE R USSIAN LOAN OF £12,000,000. One of the points particularly worthy of remark in the present state of affairs is the escape the public have had from the projected loan to Russia. Al though the designs of that Power have been trans parent ever since the premature termination of the Crimean war, through the influence of our " ally," and the subsequent meeting of the Emperors at Suttgardt, it was certaii that no warnings short of absolute demonstration would be of avail to prevent her from obtaining any desired amount if a house of standing could be found willing to undertake the transaction. Accordingly, when the scheme for getting £12,000,000 was put out a month or two back the greatest elation and confidence were ex pressed by all the parties interested. " English capitalists might please themselves." " Only a very moderate portion would be granted them." " People at Berlin and elsewhere were anxious to get it at 1 or 2 per cent. above the price at which it was to be offered in the London market." Under such circumstances there was little hope of any word of caution being heard. True, neither Messrs. Baring nor Rothschild, who are usually eager enough to compete in such matters, had shown any willingness to touch it. There were also reports of a mysterious concentration of 100,000 Russian troops in Georgia. The Russian Ambassador at Vienna likewise was said to have remarked openly that the Emperor Napoleon was quite right in demanding a revision of the treaties of 1815; and, finally, the recent contrivances for annulling the Treaty of Paris as regards the Danu bian Principalities, the tour of the Grand Duke Constantine in the Mediterranean, and the adroit movement for counteracting the pacific mission of Lord Cowley might have been supposed sufficient to induce hesitation. But nothing can influence a sanguine English investor, bent upon what he con ceives to be a stock that will yield him 5 per cent., and there is no measure to his contempt for " alarmists." So the hopes of the contractors, it was said, remained undiminished, and it was actually only a day or two before the announce ment of the Austrian ultimatum that the last de- liberations were held in order to have everything in readiness to bring out this proposal at a moment's notice. On the very next receipt of tranquillising assurances in the French Moniteur, to back those already furnished, that France had not armed, and did not intend to arm, the whole affair was to prove a great success. The " crimi nal" movement of Austria, however, in not waiting till her opponents had obtained all they required, spoiled the proceeding, and the £12,000,000 will now have to be kept at home, where probably it may at no distant date be found of use.—Times, City Article. - - - FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. At the last sitting M. Becquerel read a paper on certain experiments of his (in continuation of those mentioned several months ago) on the temperature of plants. Operating on a horse-chesnut tree, the results he arrived at were the following :—" 1. The mean temperature within the tree was nearly equal to the outer temperature, whatever be the diameter of the tree ; nevertheless, the smaller the diameter the sooner a perfect balance was established be tween the outer and the inner temperatures. 2. The chemical reaction produced in the vegetable tissue did not materially affect the temperature of the tree. 3. During the three months of December, January, and February last, the mean nocturnal variation of temperature in the air, from 9 p.m. to 9 a.m. was 0.81 degre es ; i n the tree, holes having been bored into it to the depths of 17 and. 29 centi metres respectiv e ly, th e variation was, in the first instance, 0.19 degrees ' • in the second, 0.1 degree. Hence the variation inside the tree has been four and eight times less than in the air. 4. The maxi mum temperature in the air occurred in winter about two a . m. , an d i n the tree a b out n i ne p.m. ; in summer about midnight. 5. The tranmission of caloric is effected gradually from the circumference to the centre. 6. The atmosphere is the natural source whence plants derive their caloric. A com munication was received from M. Matteucci, de scribing certain experiments by which Professor Faraday's hypothesis, that the effects of electrified bodies on insulating cylinders depend on the state of molecular electric polarization they develop in the latter, receives a direct demonstration. M. Mat teucci further shows :-1. That the insulating power of a body is in the inverse ratio of its degree of polarisation under the same circumferences. 2. That the electric capacity of a conductor is much greater when surrounded with sulphur or any other solid insulator than when enveloped by air, and that the conductor yields less of its electricity to the solid non-conductor than to the atmosphere; and, 3, that the effects of insulating laminae inter posed between the coatings of a Leyden j ar may be explained by the penetration of electricity i nto the interior of the insulating bodies and bythe diffusion of electricity over their surfaces. A letter was read from M. Ramon de Luna, announcing the discovery of a considerable deposit of phosphate of lime in Spain, at a distance of four leagues from the Medi terranean railway. M. Yvon Villarceau sent in a note on the planet of Sept. 9, 1857, of whi c h astro nomers have lost the trace, a circumstance which M. Vallarceau attributes to some error in the elements calculated from a series of observations not extending beyond a fortnight, and therefore not to be relied on. I t therefore g i ves a corrected table of elements, which, however, contain certain indeterminate terms, the values o f w hi ch are con tained within very wide limits. The following details respecting the4ran theatre of hostilities in Italy are interesting at this moment " If Alessandria, which was dismantled by the- Austrians in 1835, when they gave it up to Pied mont, bat which has recently been fortified, were made the basis of operations of an invading a te, against Milan, the army would have two: routes -t o follow :—the first, in which there are a numbe4. torrents, up to the Ticino, which separates: ,X4o4b hardy from Piedmont; and . -the second, the efthe one, presenting an obstacle in the Po, which is.the soutk n limit of Lombardo-Venetia. Now Airs. tria, whice occupies Piacenza, on the right bank of that river, has established an entrenched camp at that place. Lower down are Cremona, and on the left bank Mantua, to defend the passage against an army which should leave Piacenza in its rear. On the first road to Milan, behind the Ticino, is Pavia, which seems to have been lately fortified in order to be made a base of operations against Alessandria, if besieged; on the north are Bergamo and Brescia, strong places, but not im pregnable, and able to disquiet an army passing them to attack Verona and Mantua, which are the keys of the country. This territory was the theatre of the campaign of 1796, and Austria has accumu lated defences there in the belief that in a future war the same plan of attack would be followed ; but that is perhaps doubtful. On the Mincio, which is only ten leagues long from the Lake of Gardo in which it rises to the marshes which surround Mantua, where it falls into the Po, and which can be forded in several places, means of defence have been accumulated, and Peschiera and Mantua protect its two extremities. The Adige is in the rear, and flows parallel to the Po for a cer tain distance. It is perpendicular to it behind the Lake of Gardo from Verona to Legrano, a length of fifteen leagues. It can nowhere be forded, and its banks, on the side of Verona, are covered with gar dens and vineyards, and those on the side of Man tua with rice fields and marshes. The road from Verona to Legrano runs between the Adige and a canal; and an army placed within the square formed by Peschiera, Mantua, and Legrano, pro tected by the water which is found on the east and west, by mountains to the north, and by the marshes to the south, is free in its movements, and can march on any point that may be menaced. Pes chiera, of which the defences are somewhat scat tered, is the refuge of the flotilla which, acting on the Lake of Gardo, would menace a cops d'arntee, desiring to cross the Mincio, and protects the locks which enable the banks of the lower part of the river to be inundated. By an inundation the fly ing, brides constructed by the enemy would be car ried away. Mantua is, like Peschiera, on an island in the Mincio, surrounded by a lake, which should be drained in order to allow the town to be taken, and draining would leave a pestilential marsh which would render the place uninhabitable. Tho fortress is reached by raised causeways protected by forts. It is very difficult to take, but can be easily blockaded. As this place appears to Aus tria too unhealthy and too far from the Tyrol, she has established her head-quarters at Verona, and. has disbursed a large sum in fortifying the place. Verona, like all the positions fortified by Austrian engineers, comprises in addition to numerous forti fications an entrenched camp, capable of containing an army. It is believed that the fate of the place will be decided rather by a battle than by a siege, which last would require a vast force. Legrano is a tete-de-pont fortified by Napoleon, which would enable the army of Verona to proceed to Mantua, as Peschiera on the north would give it an issue on Brescia and the northern part of the Milanais. Moreover, an Austrian army, defeated and obliged to remain at Verona, could be relieved by troops arriving from the Tyrol on the front and rear of the besiegers. The numerous roads in the Tyrol are pro tected by forts which a handful of men would be capable of defending against a victorious army. If, however, Verona were to be taken, the conquest of Venetia would not be difficult. As to the Adriatic, Austria has taken the caution of protecting herself against an attack on its coasts. From the banks of the Po to the frontiers of Istria, the shores of the Adriaticlare very insalubrious. In some places it is impossible to pass a night without being attacked by fever, and the sea is shallow to a considerable distance from the coast. Venice, in fact, is the only place which can receive vessels even of a secondary size, and they must enter by passeswhich are protected by strong forts. If the city were taken, Fort Malghera would remain, and it cannot be approached either by land or water. In 1848, the insurgents in that fort resisted the besieging Austrian army until men and ammunition were exhausted." HOW GREAT GUNS ARE MADE. A 681 b. gun, when finished, is 17ft. long, 28ins. in diameter at the breech, and weighs 95 cwt. As suns of this description are cast vertically, and require a " dead head" of considerable magnitude in order to insure sufficient density, it may be imagined that the furnaces are matters of important consideration. In practice it was found advisable to use two fur naces in the melting of a sufficient quantity of iron for the production of one such gun as we have de scribed. The Woolwich furnaces would each hold sufficient molten metal for the casting of one gun, but as it was not possible to charge with ten tons of pig iron at once, it was found better in every way to charge two furnaces with five tons and melt simultaneously. The quality of the iron produced in this way was found to be superior to that result ing from one furnace, when a portion of the charge must have been melted first, and the remainder afterwards. Repeated tests proved this fact to de monstration, and it is a practical point of much consequence. The Woolwich furnaces are partly constructed of Stourbridge firebrick, but the beds are of a different material. The throwing in of old " carronades," " dead heads," and " pigs," was found to chip off, or to crack and destroy the fire bricks, and a substitute for these in the construction of the furnace beds had to be found. A cheaper substance, and one which admits of easy repair, is now used. It is composed of equal parts of glass-grinder's sand and blackfoot sand. The former is the refuse from the Thames patent glass works, and contains a considerable admixture of fine particles of 'glass, and the latter is obtained n furnace uu r i. aetorrlinnmi recommend aecctteceeehsdod:omb, surface e s uarnm a dbard n feml iay d ns acmdef Charlton.psiteinueidimttrpsphpetsoarahetiitrrrenoNdor.tinaoilogputpflopsoytoefficiencye htaliquidhat Withet ono l f ' rfifre foundationse ar e amal gamated, m the al - ae o r heati:enp-d. fire-brick, rc T it e h f kt r e smaat economynnh ddae dimensions of the furnaces, it may be stated that they are about 22ft. long, from centre of fire grate to centre of chimney ; sft. 2in. wide ; and 2ft. Gin, in height from bed to crown. The fire grate is sft. 2in. square, and open for the admission of air at the end of the furnace, and the chimney is 60ft. in height and 2ft. 6in. square. The furnaces are always heated before receiving their charges, and when the latter are sufficiently fluid and hot, the molten streams from two furnaces, as we have stated, are made to flow through separate channels into one reservoir. Here they mingle and blend for a little time in one harmonious whole, so as to equalise any difference of temperature which may have existed prior to their being tapped. Metal. is now ladled in small quantities from the reser voir for the purpose of casting testing bars, and a sluice door being opened the molten ceean courses its way down river-like into the centre of the gun mould, which is placed vertically, and muzzle upwards, to receive it. Scoria and other impu rities float upwards as the metal rises, and great precautions are taken to prevent their flowing with the iron into the " trunnions," which they c i d s ee na a tdreh, greataa d buts entirely, u th b sei dphTeeolihrl would weaken, and thus make the whole casting . f useless. eNv i nnhe l a Vh of en thtehegtumdetealahruetaec,hetshetog. 3wodit!igianteas the shute is removed, and then again opened the mould. In cooling there through which it flowed are s e h t u a t i, fo e r sp a .e m e in l u ly te in un tf t ha i re l the complete filling of e th ss e t m hus produced is in the by no means deteriorates df is suffered t• remain in statu subsidence mould s l d preparedis then opbeynelda,tahned and t h e the gun. Everything and . for about three days nights after the quo boring-mill for proving, and mayhap for battle. Such is some account of the gestation and birth of a great gun, and which in these non-piping times of war may be acceptable to the public generally, pour ing casting, ePe r usually t ! n and certainly must be tol the scientific reader. — Mechanics' Magazine, FATAL ACCIDENT DURING THE RECENT GALE. —A fearful accident occurred at the bar of the Tyne, on Wednesday. A Norwegian brig being about to enter the harbour, two boats put off to her. They had got outside the bar, and attempted to hook her, when they were both swamped by a heavy sea. The Andrew Woodhouse steamer, towing the Tossel, immediately let go the rope, and made to the assistance of the men belciaging to the boats, who were knocking about in the broken water. The master of the steamer, who was twice washed from the wheel while trying to save the poor fellows, got a life-buoy to three of them, and they laid hold of it. They were washed away three times by the sea ; and at last could make no further exer tions, and were swept away and drowned. The men in the steamer then made a gallant attempt to save the fourth man, and eventually rescued him from the boiling nves* He was immediately brought into port, and is recovering . The names of the drowned men are: Jere_p_ra; w r e 7 e 'v al i of th Thomas Thompson, and William Simpsont.sine of e steam well-known Tyne Foy boatmen. The "Puct,—Nanchater tug is highly praised for his gallant eend Gy4rdian. t,