The Sun. — London, England, 1869-02-03 00:00:00

!MIGRATION IN THE YEAR 1868. The number of emigrants who left the ports of tne United Kingdom at which Government agents are stationed in the year 1868 was 192,344 ; from other ports, 3,977. Of these 196,321 emigrants, 58,268 were English, 14,954 Scotch, 64,961 Irish, and 51,956 foreigners; the origin of 6,183 not being distinguished. In 1867 the total number of emigrants was 195,953, including 88,622 Irish. In 1868, 155,532 sailed to the United States, pf whom 57,662 were Irish ; 21,058 to the North American colonies, 12,809 to the Australian col°• lilies, and 6,922 to all other places. Out of the numbers bound for the United States 109,109 embarked at Liverpool, 25,624 embarked at Cork, 7,957 at Londonderry, 9,160 at Glasgow and Greenock, and 3,616 at London. Of those bound for the North American Colonies, the greater part (15,532) embarked at Liverpool, while those bound for the Australian Colonies embarked at English ports in the fol )owing proportions :-Liverpool, 2,749 ; London, 5,746 ; lthd Plymouth, 2,865. More than half of the emigrants in 1868 are comprised under the following heads of occu. ation or condition-General and agricultural labourers, 1 , 0,515 ; children under 12 years of age, 38,416, of whom 5,096 were infants under one year of age : married women, 23,597 ; female domestic servants, 8,592 ; farmers, 7,258; miners and quarrymen, 8,50) ; gentle pen, professional men, and merchants, 7,171 ; car• renters, 2,553; tailors, 951. ; clerks, 790 ; smiths, 712 ; spinners and weavers, 381 ; seamen, 278 ; and coal miners, :,89. Out of the total number of emigrants, 41,309 were married-viz., 20,712 males and 23,597 females ; 107,468 were single adults, of whom 74,053 were males and 33,415 females. The excess in the number of emigrants in the year 1868, as compared with 1867, under certain occupa tions, was as follows :-314 agricultural labourers, gardeners, carters, &c. ; 186 braziers, tinsmiths, white smiths, &c. ; 22.3 bricklayers, &c., 260 coalminers, 2,859 miners and quarrymen, 639 smiths, 159 male domestic servants, 187 engineers, and 55 Printers. The number of female domestic servants who emigrated was nearly the same in each year. It is deserving of remark that to tvery 10,000 of population in 1868 in each division of the kingdom, 27 . 8 persons emigrated from England and Wales, 48 . 3 from Scotland, and 12P2 from Ireland. The returns shew that the emigration of 1863 was smaller than In any of the four years 1863-66, but exceeded that of 1867 by about 360. Glancing at the nationality of the different classes, it is seen that there was an, increase in the emigrants of 1868, as compared with those of 1867, of 2,774 English, 2,088 Scotch, and 20,763 foreigners, while among Irish emigrants there was a large decrease of 23,661. ANTIDOTES FOR SNAKE POISON. The Daily News says that the announcement, trade a short while ago, that the Maharajah of Travancore had offered a prize of 1,000 rupees, which was subsequently augmented by the Prince Raina to 1,750—in round numbers, £l5O--for the discovery of a certain antidote to the poison of the cobra, has stimulated many recent experimenters to investigate the action of make poisons in general upon man and- animals. the discovery of an antidote is a matter of extreme moment as regards India, when we consider the number of natives who fall victims every year to snake-bite in fixted especially by the cobra di ca.pello, the " hooded " or " spectacled " snake of Southern India. There are 2,108 'eaths actually known to occur on an average each year from this cause in India, in the Punjab, and Oudh, The pally News relates the results of some experiments by Dr. ';hort. He discovered (to make a long story short) that all the native antidotes were failures ; that their legends as to the mangooso being unsusceptible to the cobra bite were groundless ; that their herbs were of non-effect ; and that the " snake stone " was a delusion and a snare. Other antidotes have been suggested, not only in India but elsewhere, without number, but none have been proved to be of any use. The one which seems to have made most impression on the public mind is that suggested by Professor Halford, of Melbourne, viz., to inject ammonia into the blood ; but one of the cases of Dr. Halford, in which this seemed to act beneficially, is open to criticism in several points. In the first place, his patient was bitten by an alarm. rently dead snake ; and it is well known that the venom of snakes which are exhausted or weakly loses much of g.ts virulency. Then the professor was not called to the case till the man had probably been treated !,), stimulants, which are known to be very useful. However, the injection of ammonia into the veins of dogs bitten by poisonous snakes has seemed to act s ttisfactorily. It is important that we should understand the degree to which the brown snake of Aus f.ralia, which is the reptile which has bitten Dr. Halford's patients, is poisonous. We know that cobra bites are fatal as yet, and it would be well to test the ammonia plan upon that snake. And it must also be noticed that the means of cure recommended by Professor Halford are not such as could be kept in readiness for general use. What \ is needed is a specific that everybody can use at a moment's notice, especially in the case of cobra bites in India. The free use of strong stimulants has appeared to act effectually, in connection espe cially with sustained exercise. An interesting case is recorded by the late Dr. Spilsbury, of Calcutta. His servant was bitten by a cobra. Dr. Spilsbury at once: ordered out his buggy, tied the man's arms to the back of is, and this being done he took the reins and drove at a fair pace for some miles, the man running behind. The result was that the bitten individual at the end of the journey was profusely perspiring, and much exhausted. Strong doses were then given, and the man was still kept at gentle exercise. Recovery followed. It is thought that by the means employed the action of the heart, which is paralysed by the poison, is kept going by the forced. exertion, as Dr. Hood styles it, whilst the skin sweats out the poison from the body. The bene ficial effects of alcoholic stimulants, such as whisky, administered in very large doses, have been constantly shewn in America, in the case of bites by rattlesnakes. All the attempts which have been made to discover a specific antidote are to be highly commended. They have clone something already, but we must wait yet longer in patience till science shall disclose the secret we so much desire. LAW AND POLICE. A RAILWAY ACCIDENT.--Tuesday was the first day of kfter Term Nisi Prius Sittings in the Queen's Bench, and the list contains 268 causes, about 60 of which are marked for special juries. An action for negligence was brought by the Great Western Railway Company against the tlames Ironworks C om pan y, arisin g from an accident during the construction of the new Dead Meat Market. An iron girder fell on a passing train, killing two or three passen gers, and seriously injuring others, besides smashing the Carriages. The defendants denied the responsibility on the ground that they had sublet the work. A verdict was taken for the-plaintiffs, subject to a special case. A COMPENSATION • GASE.—In the Court of Common ...?leas, on Tuesday, a surgeon sued the Great Northern Railway Company,for compensation for injuries sustained by his son, a boy between six and seven years of age. The lad was croesingltbe.Gray's-inn-road, when he was knocked down by a railway van driven by. one of the servants of the company. .He was severely hurt, and amongst other in juries, one of his hands was so crushed that amputation of two fingers was necessary. The jury gave the father £l,OOO. EXTENSIVE EMBEZZLEMENT.—At the Central Criminal Court, John Henry Payne pleaded guilty to a charge of embezzling more-than £2OO, the property of his employers, White and Co., wholesale tobacconists. He was sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment, with hard labour. As Erricimii` CONSTABLE.—Two burglars were tenced at the Central Criminal Court to ten and seven years' penal servitude. They had committed a bur glary near Uxbridge, and 'a mounted policeman upon the discovery rode to the railway station to make inquiries. He met the prisoners with two others in a light trap, and his suspicions being excited he" detained them, and suc ceeded in capturing two of the . four, though he was himself unarmed. Their. guilt was clearly proved, and the Recorder ordered the officer to receive a reward of R 5. EIGHTEEN YEARS Aco.—The charge against a respect able silk weaver of Spitalfields, of appropriating bank notes lost in his house eighteen years ago, was on Tues day again before Mr. Newton, at Worship-street Police court. Some further evidence was given as to the identity 91 the lost notes ; but th e diffi cu l t i es ar i s i ng f rom t h e l apse . of time appear almost insurmountab:e. The magistrate, however, further adjourned the hearing for fourteen days. A trades union dispute has broken (ut at the Denaby Main Colliery, near Ileshorough. About a hun dred of the miners —one-third of the number employed— recently joined the South York.Adre Association ; and e.s this is a branch of the condiCons on which they were engaged, the whole of the union men, got uotic3 to quit. On Friday, howev, r, the managing proprietor stet that he would withdraw the notices previously issued, but Expressed his intention of posting another, giving a mouth's hotide- toall the woranaen, both unionists and non-unionists, and at the eod of that time only those tot belonging to the Miners' Association, and who will sign a declaration that they will not join it, are to be continued in the firm's employ. Those who continue to occupy their cottages after the expiration of the week's notice are to be charged double went. For a number of years the rule at the colliery ha; been that none of the men shall belong to a trade union, suit up to a short time ago this condition was without tattoo complied with, SPORTING INTEL LIGENCE. SUDBURY SPRING MEETING. TUESDAY. The Trial Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 30 ad weight for age, with maiden allowances ; winner to b 3 sold for 50 sovs. One mile. 4 subs. Mr T. Waltham's Colonel P., by Thormanby—Ellen Horne, 3 yrs, 7st 91b (Butler) 1 Mr T. Read's Sweet Boy, 5 yrs, 9st 81b ...(Sherrington) 2 The Palm Leaf's dam filly and Little Coates also ran. Betting-6 to 4 agst Little Coates, sto 2 agst the Palm Leaf's dam filly, and 3 to 1 agst Colonel P. The Two-Year-Old Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 30 added ; colts, Bst 101 b ; and fillies, Bst 71b ; selling allowances. Half a mile. Mr N. Goodwin's Mousetrap, by Vedette—Mouser(l3o), Bst (J. Goodwin) 1 Mr M•Gee's flyndhope (£3O), Bst (Butters) 2 Mr Gulliver's Candour (£3O), Bst 31b (Penfold) 3 Avon Glen also ran. Betting-6 to 4 agst Mousetrap, 9to 4 agst Hyndhope, and 4 to 1 "bar two." The Sudbury Handicap of 5 sous each, with 40 added winners extra. Two miles. Mr G. Reynolds's Nannie, by North Lincoln—Molly, 5 yrs, 7st 61h (Prior) 1 Mx Rovers's Poleaxe, 4 vrs, 7st 71b (Barker) 2 Mr Norris's Vision, aged, 7st 121 b (Chambers) 3 Tile following- also ran : —Whitworth, Mathilde, La Sorrentina, and Honour. Betting-2 to 1 agst Nannie, st, 1 each agst La Sor rentina, Whitworth, Mathilde, and Honour, and 8 to 1 each agst Vision and Poleaxe. A Handicap Plato of 30 sovs, added to a sweepstakes of 3 sovs each ; winners extra ; winner to be sold for 40 sovs. Half a wile. Mr Roberts's Flash, by Thunderbolt—Miss Hinds, 3 yrs, 7st 61b (Butler) 1 Mr C. Jarvis's Little Coates, 3 yrs, Bst (Iluxtable) 2 Mr W. Dixon's Peter, 4 yrs, Bst Mb (Payne) 3 Medora also ran. Bettting —5 to 4 agst Flash, 7 to 4 agst Little Coates, and 5 to 1 each agst Peter and Medora. A Hurdle Race Plate of 30 soya ; weight for age; with selling allowances. One mile and a quarter, over six flights of hurdles. Mr C. Paterrall's Bedford, by Yellow Jack, dam by lon Rhedycina, 5 yrs, list 81b (Daniels) 1 Mr Leggett's Oldbury, 6 yrs, 12st Sib (Gregory) 2 Betting-6 to 4 on Bed ord. The North Western Railway Plate was declared void. RACING I FL ' 3 BR M, 17 18, 19 'IXTURES. GARY. Sudbury Liuculu Harrow Mansfield.. Pontefract lB, 19 Nottingham Spring 23, 24 Chelmsford.... ") 5, 26 Derby Spring 25, 26 .CH. Liverpool Spring 2,3, 4 Shrewsbury Spring 5, 6 Downpatrick 9 West Drayton lB, 19 Baldoyle First Spring 18, 15 Margate 20 Beverley 2O Durham 29, 30 Epsom 30, 31 Warwick 9, 10, 11 Hendon 1), 13 West Somerset 15, 16 Northampton 16, 17 AP. Abergavenny l, 2 Bromley 1. 2 Aldershot l, -) Newmarket Craven...l2, &c. Knighton... l3, 14 Ludlow 15, 16 Eastbourne l9 Lewes 20 21 Curragh ...20, 21, 22 Croydon... 22, 23 Newmarket Ist Spring 26, &a Catterick l, 2 Thirsk 6, 7 Huogerford Lichfield Cambridge Croston Park... Streatham 8, 9 Chester 4, 5,6, 7 Eglinton Hunt 6, 7 Winchester ll, 12 _ _ Doncaster 13, 14 West Drayton l7, 18 Bath 18, 19 Manchester l9, 20, 21 Croydon 19, 21 IHarpenden 2l Epsom Summer ...,,'lo, cke NE. Newcastle 22, 23, 24 Oldham 22 Eibury Club 23 Stockbridge 24, 25, 26 Chelmsford Sutton Park .....29, 30 Southampton 13, 14 Reading 15 16 Huntingdon 20 ,, 2l Stamford ... Good wood 27, 28, 29, 30 York.. ..11, 12 Baldoyle 2nd Spring 11, 12 St Albans 1 14 _ . Salisbury ...13,. 14 _ JI r Croydon 2,3, 4 _ - ewton 2,3, 4 Ascot 9, 10, 11 Liverpool Summer ...15, 16 Windsor 15, 16 Hampton l7, 18 Curragh 22, 23, 24 JL Worcester l, 2 Newmarket July 6, &c. Carlisle Pontefract 9, 10 Hendon ... l2, 13 Nottingham 11, 11 AUG Brighton 3, 4 Brighto❑ Club 5 Lewes 6, 7 Egna.cri Wolverhampton lO, It Windsor 12, 13 St. Albans l7, 18 Stockton lB, 19, 20 SEPT] Warwick... 7, 8 Curragh (Royal) 7,8, 9 A bin gdon 9, 10 Doncaster l4, 15, 16, 17 Richmond 21, 2.i Lichfield OCT 5.6 .6, 7, 8 BeiHort' Edinburgh Leicester ~7. 8 Bromley Newmarket 2d Oct.:11, & Chelmsford l9 21) Kelso 19 20 NOV] 9 , 3, 4 ..2, 3 Worcester Harrow.... Liverpool 9, 10, 11,1.2 STEEPLECHA FEBR Wolverhampton 2 Carmarthen 3. 4 Edgeware Tenby.., 5 Birmingham ~ 9 Chippenham 10, 11 Streatham 11, 12 Newbriclge 15 Lincoln l6, 17 MA. Liverpool 3 Shrewsbury , 5, 6 Malton Rugby (Grand Mil.) 8, 9 Kingsbury 12, 13 AP Aldershot 1,2 I Bromley 1 2 Abergavenny 1, 2 I L ichfield ..6, 7 Southdown Hunt ..7 Cambridge 7, 8 Cheltenham 7, 8 Oxford York 24, 25, 26 P 1) mouth 26, 27 Scarborough 30, 31 Derby Summer .. 31, Sep. 1 Weymouth 31, Sep. 1 Canterbury .......„31, Sep. 1 UST. MBER. Hampton 9l, 22 Western (Ayr)....... 22, 23 Hendon Montuouth... -,. 23, 24 Newmarket st Uet 28, Sze. Lanark • 29, 30 I.3ER. Cheltenham l9, 20 Curragh lO, 20, 21 West Dfaytuu ''l, 22 Hereford 2l, 22 Monmouth 23, 24 Newinark.,; Iftun —25, &r. 3IBER. Shrewsbury 15, &(• Leamington Hunt 23, &c SE FIXTURES. A RY. Morton-in-Marsh lB Harrow lB, 19 Poutefract 18, 19 Boston Windsor 22, 23 St. Albans 9 3, 24 Derby . 25 Baschurch 26 C IL West Somerset 15, 16 York 17 Crewkerne lB, 19 Chepstow 29, 30 RTL. Streatham B, 9 Royal Artily., Woolwicb...B Knighton Ludlow l5, 16 Tenbury .. 2l Croydon 22, 23 Co. Louth & Ardee 27, 28 MAY. Limerick H un t 4-1 St. Albans Eglinton Hunt 6, 7 1 West Drayton....... JULY. Kingsbury.......... --- - • 9 AUGUST. __ St. Albans.. 17 OCTOBER. Bromley, ....................... .7 I West Drayton 2l, 22 NOVEMBER. 6, 7 Harrow ..................... 2, 3 I Eglinton Hunt 9, 10, 11 Worcester A1ban5................... ...3, 4 I Liverpool St. ........... 5, 6 Shrewsbury ..... l 5, 19 COURSING FIXTURES. FEBRUARY. Ludham, Norfolk 11, 12 Bra►npton, Cumberladd ll, 12 Waterloo (Altear), Lr iancashire • 17, &c MARCH. Ashdown Park, Herts 2, &c FoUrth S. L ancas hi re (Champion) 8, (Ire. County Louth' (Ch amp i on), Ireland 18, (lcc ticottish National Open, Lanark 3O, &c. OCTBER. Ancaster and Willoughby, LiOncolnshire 5, 6. Ormesby 19 Huntingdon Club.. 2 , &c. 6, 27. NOVEMBER. Sundorne, Salop Cothan and Eaton._ 2, 3. 9, eto WATERLOO MEETING-FE8.17. (Over Altcar.) Patron-Right Hon. the Earl of Sefton. The Waterloo Cup, value £1,600 in specie, by subscriptio of £25 each ; 64 subs; the winner to receive .C5OO, and the second £2OO. 1. Mr C. F. Allison 33. Mr J. Ingleby 2. Mr J. F. Armistead 34. Mr R. Jardine 3. Mr J. Bake 35. Mr F. Johnston 4. Mr W. J. Barden 36. Mr J. Johnston 5. Mr F. Bartholomew 37. Mr H. B. Jones 6. Lord Binning 38. Mr W. J. Legh. 7. Mr J. Blackstock 39. Mr S. C. Lister 8. Mr J. S. Bland 40. Mr J. Lonsdale 9. Mr G. Blausbard 41. Lord Lurgan 10. Mr W. G. Borron 42. Nix. S. Mallabey 11. Mr T. Brocklebank 43. Mr C. E. Marfleet 12. Mr J. Bruudrit • 44. Mr W. H. Massey 13. Mr R. B. Carruthers 45. Sir C. Molyneux 14. Mr C. J. Chesshyre 46. non. C. C. Molyneux 15. Mr W. H. Clark 47. Mr T. Neville 16. Mr E. Croft ' 48. Mr R. Paterson 49. Mr T. L. Reed . 17. Mr J. Cunningham 18. Mr W. D. Deighton 50. 3 Dr L R L ie s tr ,, (4 gti soa. • 19. Mr James Dunlop 51. 52. Mr N. Saxton 20. Mr J. Evans 53. Lord Sefton 21. Lord Garlies 51. Mr T. Smith 22. Mr J. Gibson 23. Mr W. M. Gilmour 5.5. Mr J. Spinks 24. Col. Goallake 56. Lord Stair 25. Mr A. Graham 57. Mr E. W. Stocker 58. Mr S. Swinburno 26. Mr T. Greun 59. Mr G. A. Thompson 27. Mr C. A. Hailoy 60. Mr R. Todd 28. Capt. 'fathom 29. Mr J. Haywood 61. Mr 11. W. Trinder 30. Mr J. Hodson 62. Mr R. C. \Tyner 31._ Mr J. Hole 63. Mr R. H. iVilliarns 32. Mr J. Hyslop C 4. Capt. Wyndham • The Waterloo Plate for the 1G dogs beaten in the second ties' for the Cup, amounting to £lOO, to be divided as under :- 1. Winner o receive ... 1 Second ditto 2. Dogs to receive .£7 lOs each 4- Ditto ditto 5 ditto .£4O 15 20 6, 7 6, 7 ...7 8 THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 3, 1869 TIM AMERICAN POSTAL SYS7E.II. REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. The ordinary postal revenue for the year ending the 30th day of June last was $16,292,600, and the expenditures during the same period, including service for which special appropriations were made, $22,730,592, showing an excess of expenditures of $6,437,991. The receipts from postages, as com pared with the previous year, show an increase of six per centum and the expenditures an increase of eighteen per centum. The ordinary expenses, not including mail transportation, for which special appropriations were made, were 521,555,592 dollars, and the receipts, including the amount drawn under the Acts making appropriations for carrying " free mail matter," were $20,092,600, showing an excess of expenditures of $1,462,991. The receipts of the department were From post:lees, $16,292,600 ; the amounts drawn from the Treasury under Acts making appropriations for " carrying free matter," $3,800,000 ; and under the Acts making special appropriations for " overland mail and marine service between New York and California," $1,125,000 ; " steamship service be tween San Francisco, Japan, and China," $125,000 ; " between the United States and Brazil," $150,000; for " carrying the mail on routes established by Acts passed during the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress," $486,525 ; and " for preparing and publishing post route maps," $lO,OOO, making the receipts from all sources, $21,989,125. The expen ditures of all kinds were, as stated,s22,73o,s92,being an excess of expenditure over receipts of $741,466, for which a special appropriation will be required. During the year 383,470,500 postage stamps, of the value of $11,751,014 (including 160,000 perio dical stamps, valued at $14,750) ; 44,552,300 plain stamped envelopes, representing $1,285,218 ; 25,469,750 stamped evelopes, bearing printed cards and requests for return to writers, repre senting $759,520, and 3,372,600 newspaper wrap pers, valued at $67,372, were issued. The aggre gate value of these issues was $13,863,124 - being an increase of 3 45-100 per centum over the issues of the previous year. The sale of postage stamps and stamped envelopes during the year, as reported by the Auditor, was $14,066,130, or $203,015 more than the issue ; thus absorb ing to that amount the stock remaining un sold in the hands of the Postmasters June 30, 1867. There were in the service of the Department on the 30th of June, 1868, 6,891 contractors for the transportation of the mails. Of mail routes in opera tion there were 8,226 ; aggregate length, 216,928 miles; aggregate annual transportation, 84,224,325 miles ; aggregate annual cost $10,266,056 ; includ ing the compensation of postal railway clerks, route agents, local agents, mail messengers, mail route messengers, and baggage masters in charge of mails—viz., $1,114,633, the aggregate annual cost was $11,380,689. This service was divided as follows—viz., Railroad routes—Length, 36,018 miles ; annual transportation, 34,886,178 miles ; an nual c05t,51,177,126, about 12 cents per mile. Steam boat routes—Length, 19,647 miles; annual trans portation, 3,797,560 miles; annual cost, $650,631, about 17.13 cents per mile. Celerity, certainty, and security—Length, 161,263 miles ; annual transportation, 45,540,587 miles ; annual cost $5,438, 9 99 ; about 12 cents per mile. The length of routes was increased over the preceding year 13,683 miles ; the annual transportation, 5,241,536, and cost $929,770 ; to which add increased cost for railway postal clerks, route, local, and other agents, $93,762, making an aggregate of $1,023,562. A large portion of the report is devoted to the de scription of the troubles of the Overland Mail Ser vice, and a proposed readjustment of pay for ser vice on railroad routes. There are now in opera tion in the United States 26 railway postal lines, subdivided into 34 routes, extending in the ag gregate over 7,019 miles of railway and steam boat lines, upon 1,571 miles of which twice daily service is being performed, making a total equal to 8,090 miles of railway postal service daily each way, and an increase of 3,276 miles over the service in operation in 1867. There are employed in this service 279 men, as head clerks, clerks and assistant clerks, at salaries ranging from $9OO to $1,400 per annutr, an aggregate cost of $329,700 per annum, an in crease of 119 men, at a cost of $141,800 over the previous year. The aggregate a ;noun tof postage (inland, sea, and foreign) upon the letter corres oadence exchanged with foreign countries was $2,153,690. The number of letters exchanged with foreign countries (exclusive of the British North American provinces) was 11,128,532, of which 5,900,307 were sent from and 5,228,225 received in the United States. Increase over num ber of previous year, 830,298. Of this number 10,068,659 were exchanged withEuropeam coun tries, an increase of 626,548 compared with the previous year. Estimating the number exchanged with the British provinces at 2,746,000, the total number of letters exchanged in the mails with foreign countries was 13 ,600,000. The follow ing is an abstract of the part of the Re port relating to the new postal conventions with fo reign countries : —New postal conventions with Great Britain, the North German Union, Belgium and the Netherlands, respectively, the leading pro visions of which were briefly stated in my last Re port, were carried into effect on the Ist of January, 1868, and those concluded with Switzerland and Italy went into operation on the Ist of April, 1868. On the 13th of December, 1867, before the new convention with the United Kingdom of the 18th of June, 1867, went into operation, notice was given by the British Post-office to terminate the same on 31st of December, 1868, in accordance with the power reserved in the 21st Article thereof ; which notice was accompanied by the announcement that Mr. Anthony Trollope would be despatched to Washington in the spring of 1868 invested with full power to negotiate a new convention better calculated to afford satisfaction to the people of the two countries. The provisions of a new convention to supersede the present one on the Ist of January, 1869, were accordingly arranged with Mr. Trol lope at Washington in July last ; and after adjust ing by direct correspondence between the two post departments certain modifications on which Mr. Trollope did not consider himself authorized to treat, the modified convention was formally executed on the 9 4th of Nov..last.. Its general provisions are substantially those of the present convention. At the invitation of the French Government Mr. Kas son was sent to France, but failed to effect, a revi sion of the postal convention with that country. There has been a modification of the postal conven tion with Canada; one made establishing an exchange of mail with British East Indies. The mail steam ship service to Japan is referred to as being regu lar and energetic. In reference to the coaling of the steamers on this route, the Report says :—lt was hoped that the discovery by American citizens of a small group of islands midway between California and China, and conveniently situated with respect to this steamship route, would have resulted in in creasing the efficiency of the service, by relieving the steamships of the necessity of carrying thegreat weight of coal required for consumption upon their long voyage of five thousand miles, and the efforts . . of. the contractors to effect this desirable improve ment were regarded with great interest. But unfortunately the surveys made by officers of the navy, as well as those of the steamship com pany, demonstrated that the project was imprac ticable of execution at present, owing to shoal ness of water at the entrance to the harbour. If it should prove feasible, however, as I am informed is the opinion of competent naval offi cers whose attention has been \ given, to the sub ject, to obtain the necessary increased' depth of water on the bar, by a reasonable e.lpenditure, the propriety and expediency of undertalCipg‘ the Work would be a question worthy the attention of our Government, as well for the attainment of this ob-• ject as for other public advantages of tt: national •and commercial character that will readily,.suggest themselves. An increase and extension of the ser vice on the Japan and China line is recommenchd to . the consideration of Congress. The. mails have' been satisfactorily carried to Brazil and the Ha- waiian Islands. W ith regard to the proposed con tract with the Commercial Navigation•• Company of. New York, authorized by Act of Cougtgss, Mr Ran- dell declined to execute one in the manner and on the conditions stated, but expressed his willingness to make a conditional contract for the carrying of the mails to Europe by American steamships, at least four outward trips each week. In view of the great importance of the subject he earnestly recommended the proposed'contract to -the careful consideration and action of Congress. Continuing, the Report says—l fully concur in the recommen dation of my predecessor, Postmaster-Geueral Den nison, in his annual Report of November 2, 1864, that provision should be made, by treaty stipula tions between nations or otherwise, for the excep tional treatment of regular mail packets in time of war, by authorizing such packets, under proper safeguards against the transportation of per sons or articles contraband of war, to con tinue their navigation without impediment or inter ruption. During the year there were 2,167 post offices established, 849 discontinued, and 26,481 in operation on the 30th of June, 1868. The aggregate compensation for special agents, route agents, mail route messengers, postal railway clerks, local agents, and baggage masters in ser vice during the year ending June 30, 1868, amounted to $961,070. The free system of de livering letters has been in operation in 48 cities, and it is hoped that it will ultimately supersede all others. During the year the number of letter carriers employed was 1,198 ; mail letters de livered, 64,349 ,486 ; local letters delivered, 14,081,906 ; newspapers delivered, 16,919,715 ; letters collected, 63,164,625 ; amount paid carriers, including incidental expenses, $995,934 ; postages on local matter, $475,982. The salaries of 232 postal clerks aggregated $274,000. The Postmaster-General recommends increased corn pensetion for these carriers and clerks. Dur ing the year the number of letters received at the lead-letter office was 4,162,144, a decrease of 144,364 from the previous year. Of these let ters, 167,078 were foreign, and were returned un opened to the countries whence they came. The aggregate of postal letter service during the year is estimated at 720,000,000, and the proportion of domestic dead letters to the number of letters mailed is about one to 126. The money taken from all dead letters undelivered and deposited in the United States Treasury was $27,967. The money order offices in operation number 1,468. During the year 831,937 orders were issued, re presenting $16,197,858, and the number paid 836,940, representing $15,976,501, and $142,035 paid to purchasers. The excess of issues over pay ments was $79,321. The total receipts from this branch were $124,503, and the expenditures $54,158. The Postmaster-General says :--" The idea that the Post-office Department can be self sustaining, in the present condition of the country, is absurd. It cannot be, and ought not to be, for fifty years to come. The revenues will largely in crease, and so will expenditures. Ten years hence I estimate the expenses of the Post-office Depart ment at $40,000,000,and the revenues at $30,000,000. This increase must go on as long as the country prospers, and mineral, agricultural, and commercial business increases." Attention is called to the gross abuses of the franking privilege, entailing an estimate loss to the Department of $1,000,000 to $1,500,000 during the past year. The total abolition of the privilege is recommended as the only way to avoid abuses now becoming systematized. The erection of a suitable Post-office building in New York is urged as a pressing necessity. The actual differences between revenues, independent of special appropriations and expenditures, includ ing special appropriations, was $3,998,456. The revenues independent of special appropriations, for the year ending June 30, 1868, were $16,292,600, and the expenditures, including services for which special appropriations were made, were $22,780,592, showing an excess of expendi ture of $6,437,991. To meet this deficiency there were drawn under appropriations made for carrying free matter, $3,800,000, and under Acts making special appropriations for overland mail and marine service between New York and California, $1,125,000 ; steamship service between San Fran cisco, Japan, and China, $125,000 ; between the United States and Brazil, $150,000 ; for carrying mail on routes established by Acts passed during the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress, $186,525, and for preparing and publishing post route mars $lO,OOO, leaving a deficiency, as stated in the first part of this Report, for the year ending June 30, 1868, of $741,466. It is seen from the foregoing statements of receipts, expenditures, and appropriations, that in supplying necessary postal accommodations for the people the excess of expen ditures over revenues rapidly increased from 1854 to 1859 and 1860, inclusive, the deficiency for 1859 being $6,996,009, and for the year 1860 being $5,656,705. After the year 1860 the expensive service in the Southern States began rapidly to diminish, until in the year 1865 there was so little mail service performed in the States involved in the rebellion that the revenues exceeded the ex penditures by $861,43 0 . Directly after the war ended, and during the second year of the Admi nistration of my i m mediate pr e d ecessor, end i ng June 30, 1866, the Postmaster-General entered upon the serious task of restoring the service in the insurgent States. In the States of Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Arkansas, Lou iNB i o a r n t ah, and Carolina, Alabama, Texas, e x South as, t Mississippi h Carolina,service was restored dur ing the year ending the 30 th of June, 1866, to an extent costing $1,086,527. In th e same S tates the cost of service for the year ending June 30, 1867, - increased to $ 1 , 891,531 , and for the year ending June 30, 1868, it increased to the sum of $2,168,459. This ex penditure wa s f or transporta tion alone, and includes none of the other large expenses necessarily connected with the postal service in those States. During the year ending June 30, 1868, the -ggregate length o f routes in creased to 216,928 m iles, and th e annual trans portation increased to 84,224,325 miles, an in crease of 14,683 miles in length of routes, and 5,241,516 miles in annual transportation. Since the 30th day of June, 1865, and to the first day of July, 1868, three years, the aggregate length of mail routes has increased 74,588 miles, and the annual transportation has increased 26,230,631 miles. Since I came to the head of the . , Post-office Department in July, 1866, after the close of my immediate predecessor's second and last year as Postmaster-General, the aggregate length of mail routes pqt up under contract and in actual opera tion up to the . first day of July, 1868, is 36,008 miles, and the increase of annual transportation for that time increased 12,386,411 miles. Theincrease of service and great increase of the expenses of the department for inland mail transportation have not all arisen from the restoration of mail service in the lately disordered States. A large amount of the service in operation previous to the war, and discontinued during the war, has not yet been restored. In addition to the increased and increasing railroad transportation, with its increas ing expenses, Congress, by a series of Acts between the 3d clay of March, 1865, and the 25th day of _ _ July, 1868 —a little over three years—created 1,267 new mail routes, with an aggregate length of 48,744 tulles. Of these 33 were established in the late rebel States, with an aggregate length of less than 1,000 miles. One hundredwere established in the Ter- ritories, with an aggreiale leagtli of 12,141 miles. The rapid growth of the postal service of the United States since the present organization of the Post-office Department was established by the Act of July 2, 1836, has devolved on its officers an amount of business of so extensive, varied, and responsible a character,.that a reorganization wisely adapted to the present and prospective condition of the service is necessary to secure the greatest practicable effi. iency in its administration. THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCHES AND CLOCKS.- A most interesting and instructive little work, describing briefly but with great clearness, the rise and progress of watch and clock makin , has just been published by Mr J. W. Benson, of 25, Old Bond-street, 99, Westbourne-grove, and the City Steam Factory, 5S and GO, Ludgate-hill. The book, which is profusely illustrated, gives a full - description of the various kinds of watches and clocks, with their prices, and no one should snake a purchase without visiting the above establishments or consulting this truly valuable work. By its aid persons residing in any part of the United Kingdom, India, or the Colonies, are enabled to select for themselves the watch best adapted for their use, and have it sent to them with perfect safety. Mr. Benson, who holds the appoint ment to the Prince of Wales, sends this pamphlet to any address on receipt of two pbstage stamps, and we cannot too stsongly . recommend it to the notice of the' intending purchases FOREIGN NOTES. AMERICA. Mormonism is threatened with a very serious danger. The Americans seem to have resolved not to sweep Brigham Young and his followers wholly out of the way, as they threatened at one time, but to adopt an easier and more efficacious stratagem. A bill has been brought before Congress for the purpose of diminishing the terri tory of Utah ; it is to be cut down on all sides ; one piece to go to Colorado, another to Nevada, another to Montana, and a fourth to Wyoming. Beyond the Salt Lake City the domain of Brigham Young will be but the shadow of what it is now. This, it is hoped, will strike at the root of Mormonism. The sect will be nothing unless it becomes a nation ; Brigham Young's am bition is not so much to become the head of a Church, as to found a State. This is the object of his hydra-headed proselytising machinery, his missions all over the world, his district branches, confe rences, and other paraphernalia. The Mormons themselves, in fact, speak of Young as their spiritual and temporal ruler, and of their community in Utah and abroad as a commonwealth. The Americans conceive that the only mode of resisting this tendency is to parcel out Utah until but a district is left. They will not inter fere with the settled portions ; they will not rob the Mormons of the wilderness which they have made to " blossom like a rose ;" but the rest is to be taken from them for ever. Mr. Reverdy Johnson has partly retrieved himself in American esteem. his dining and feting is almost for- given on -account of his diplomatic success. Con trary to all expectation, he has concluded three treaties one disposing of the naturalisation problem, another settling the San Juan dispute, and the third providing machinery for getting rid of the Alabama difficulty. The general opinion in the United States is that this last treaty is a triumph. Mr. Johnson has obtained all that he asked for, and almost all that Mr. Seward chose to ask in addition. Several British subjects in the States are consulting as to the possibility of their obtaining damages for property destroyed by Sherman's army on its march to the sea. The amount which would be claimed under this head exceeds the value of the depre- dations committed by the Alabama and other vessels. It is noteworthy that a circular has made its appearance at Washington advocating the annexation of Canada by peaceful negotiation as a quid pro quo for the abandon ment of the Alabama claims. The promoters of this movement seem to go to work in a very temperate man ner, but their estimate of the importance of the Alabama claims is as excessively high as their estimate of the value of Canada is deplorably low. SLAVERY IN CUBA. The head of the revolutionary Government in Cuba has published a decree emancipating the slaves of the island. The principles laid down seem to be very moderate. All slaves are to be declared free so soon as their owners pre sent themselves before the military Government for the purpose of granting their manumission, the master in all cases receiving indemnity for his loss. The freedmen will be utilised in the service of the country—that is, of the revolutionary portion of it ; but the slaves of persons who are opposed to the Revolution will be con fiscated without compensation. Further, those pro prietors who allow their slaves to aid the Revolution without giving them liberty at present, will for the time being be allowed to preserve their property. It is intended that the process of emancipation shall be gradual. GERMANY. The Augsburg Gazette has received from an official cor respondent, an explanation of the sudden termination of the newspaper war between Austria and Prussia. The North German Gazette was brusquely pulled up by Count Bismarck, because the latter had conceived a plan of resuming friendly relations with Austria. The Prussian Chancellor has sounded Count Beust, and has submitted to him the details of a scheme by which Austria is to have her own way in the East, provided Prussia be allowed a similar privilege in the West; this meaning, it is to be presumed, carte blanche to operate in South Germany. These insidious overtures have been rejected by Austria. Hence the Augsburg Gazette is on the look-out for another assault upon Austrian policy by the Berlin journals. Wiirtemberg has just contracted a loan of over two millions, for the purpose of completing the railway system of the country. The railroads of Wiirtemberg are con structed and worked by the State, the Foreign Minister and the Master of the King's Household sharing the management. The work seems to be prudently carried_ on, and hitherto considerable profits have been realised. TURKEY AND GREECE. The intelligence from the East becomes more and more perplexing. A telegram from Berlin asserts that Greece has accepted the declaration of the Powers, making only one reservation which can give little trouble. The official papers are still confident of a peaceful solution. But the facts are not so reassuring. Intelligence of a sanguinary engagement between the Turks and the Montenegrins slaews that the chance of Greece receiving aid from the troublesome semi-independent neighbours of the Porte is by no means so remote as the Paris semi-official journals asserted it to be. Meanwhile, the Greek Government continues to drain the country of its resources. The Foreign Minister has sent a circular to the Greek consuls, instructing them to open subscriptions in their bureaux for the loan of £3,600,000 voted by the Chamber of Athens. This document appeals to Greek residents abroad, declaring that the independence of the country is now seriously menaced. The Etcndard acknowledges that the declaration of the Conference published the other day in these columns is perfectly correct. But the semi-official paper is sorely puzzled to divine how the document found its way into the columns of the Independance Beige, from which the Paris journals copied it. The explanation is simple. The Levant Herald first published it, not the Belgian paper, and there can be little doubt that the Eastern journal obtained it from the Turkish Government. The full text, in fact, differs in one essential point from the summary first given. It contains a distinct intimation that Greece is guilty of a breach of international law, and is bound to respect it for the future. The protocol as given in the Levant Herald is a triumph for the Porte ; hence its " indiscreet publication." The Times Berlin correspon dent thinks that the Marquis de Lavalette will be to blame should an unsatisfactory answer arrive from Greece. He had, previous to the final vote of the Conference, assured the Greek Minister that all the Powers had in view was to tender advice, and not to sit in judgmerk. No unconditional acceptance of the declaration will be demanded. AUSTRIA. Dr. Giskra, the. Austrian Minister of the Interior, has been nominated to the dignity of Grand Cross in the Order of the Crown of Italy. The Italian and Austrian journals have availed themselves of this event to exchange cour• tesies. It is agreed that a good understanding exists between the two States, that there can now be no hostility of interests whilst their internal policy is in accord. In both countries Constitutionalism is recognised ; in both • conflict is going on against the powers opposed to prozress. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. THE OPENING OP PARLIAMENT. •There seems still to be.a great deal of doubt as to the intention of the Queen to open Parliament. The Advertiser comes forth with th e n otice that, " not withstanding the announcement which appeared yesterday in one of our contemporaries, to the effect that the Queen will, open the new Parlia mant in person, there is good reason to believe that no such determination has been communicated by her Majesty to the First Lord of the Treasury or the Comptroller of the Household." It is to be hoped that the Post—the best-informed of the papers on Court ,matters—is correct in its original state ment. EARL RUSSELL ON IRELAND AND MR. C/lICIISTEIL FORTESCITE. It is the fashion now-a-days to address letters through the press to persons in authority, to print an epistle and give it to the public at the same time as to the person it addresses. The Times forgot this in criticising Earl Russell's letter, and made inqui ries as to what Mr. Chichester Fortescue thought of the matter, he having first read Earl Russell's pro duction. The Chief Secretary for Ireland now writes to the Times, declaring that the noble earl never "submitted" his production to him before sending it to the press. Lord Russell has not communicated to him the contents of any one of the three letters which he has associated with Mr. Fortescue's name. This, once for all, puts Earl Russell's plans outside the Cabinet, and makes him stand alone in what he has done. LOCAL TAXATION. - The Monter of Agriculture Journal, dealing with the subj ec t o f l oca l t axa ti on, po i n t s ou t the importance of avoiding the consolidation of a centralisation that would be distasteful to English sentiment, and of maintaining a good guarantee for economic expendi ture. Ey way of accomplishing this we may re arrange the ratal burdens in groups, and classify together such rates as are similar in character, on the principle of making the areas of contri bution and of distribution coincident. For instance, the relief of the poor—pure and simple— might be thrown upon all kinds of income, with certain exceptions at the lower end of the scale, and with a common fund for England and Wales, as proposed by Mr. George Andrews. A. limit, however, might be fixed to the demands of each union district, as proposed by the Earl of Malmesbury in 1850, for the sake of guaranteeing economy. Highway, local board, borough,. and some other rates might be levied as at 'count. but with the assess, Mont properly extended to every form OT rear property, and with distinctions drawn be tween urban, suburban, and rural parishes. Thus, while the income tax assessment, carried lower than at present, sustained the national burden of the poor, really local expenses would be defrayed solely by the district which incurred them. Then the costs of police, militia, gaols, asylums, and other imperial institutions might be borne directly by the consolidated fund ; while the charge for national education, or any new item of outlay, would be assigned to one class of burdens or another, accord ing to its nature, whether local or imperial, or limited to England and Wales. AN EDUCATION LEAGUE. We are going to have another attempt at " Swarmery," now education is the subject instead of Reform. Birmingham is forming an association, society, league, or whatever it may be called, with Mr. George Dixon, M.P., at its head, which is to open the eyes of the nation on this important subject. Six propositions are laid down as the basis of the new society. 'The first sets forth that local authori ties shall be compelled to provide school accommoda tion for every child in their district ; the second that the money must he provided out of local ratessupple mented by Government grants; the third puts all schools under local management and Government inspection ; the fourth makes them unsectarian ; the fifth makes them free as to cost; and the sixth is the compulsory clause providing th a t the local authorities shall have power to compel the attendance of children of suitable age not otherwise receiving education. Truly, the new association has a noble and a difficult work to perform. NEW ZEALAND. Admiral Sartorius suggests that advantage may be taken of the reductions about to be made in the army and the marines to give useful and unobjection able assistance to our New Zealand countrymen. The men to be discharged are well-disciplined soldiers, accustomed to the new arms. The Admiral, therefore, would anticipate theterm, andoffer all who are disposed to take military service in the colony a free passage and a portion of the land they conquer. Plenty of reserved ships could be spared, and w ithi n f our months from this date any number of volunteers might be embarked and landed. The cost would be hardly anything, being only the value of a few months' provisions and the fuel for the vessels. The friendly Maori should have the right hand of fellowship, but he should never be allowed to believe that he commands the first place in the battle. There can be no doubt on which side the balance of victory must turn, and the more quickly that victory is decided the better, the Admiral thinks, it will be for the savage and the settler alike. THE VOLUNTEER QUESTION. "A Lieutenant-Colonel" laughs at the notion started by " Hippophylax," that it would be impossible for the Volunteers to keep the field for twenty-four hours because they have no transport corps. Where are our railways? Where are our great carriers? Already food is conveyed into the remotest markets and towns of England daily without difficulty. Starving is the last thing that the Volunteers need do. Moreover, it is absurd to suppose that while a Volunteer may remain one while he receives 30s. capitation grant, he becomes a paid soldier if he re ceives 50s. " A Volunteer since 50 " contends that not only do the Volunteers get enough to pay their legitimate expenses already, but they have something over. For instance, there is Lord Elcho's own regi ment, the London Scottish, which gets a grant of £564. On the other side of the account are—rent of headquarters, gas, fuel, &c., £120; rifle range, £120; conveyance to reviews, £lOO ; repair of arms, £2O; staff clothing, £2O; office stationery, printing, and postage, £3O; incidental expenses, £5O ; making a total of £460, and leaving a balance of £lO4. It will be observed that no account is here made for the cost of uniforms, which is about Ll a man, and, as there are 429 ellicients in the corps, would absorb £429 of the £564, and leave £135 to meet the £460 which " A Volunteer" admits to be legitimate. This, too, makes no allowance for the cost of the band, which may fairly be considered a luxury for which the Volunteers themselves should pay. SOCIAL MEETING OF WORKING MEN. A meeting of an interesting nature was held the other evening at the City Terminus Hotel, Cannon street, at the invitation of Mr. S. Morley, M.P., to hear an address from the Rev. C. Neville "On the ' political future of working men." Mr. Morley opened the proceedings by expressing his sympathy with the object of the meet ing. He thought it very desirable that the various classes which were being brought to share in the government should arrive at a common ground of action on public questions. He well re membered the dying words of Judge Talfourd, that " the great want of the age is more sympathy between classes." Mr. Neville, in commencing his address, said that he rested his principles on the New Testament, and he learned from that source that the welfare of the poorest man in the country was of as much moment as that of the greatest or the richest. All were equal in the sight of God, and therefore that system of legislation was the best which promoted the good of the work ing people, because they were by far the most numerous class. Mr. Neville then touched upon some of the subjects of the day, and announced mu self to be a hearty advocate of the Ballot. With regard to social questions, ha looked upon public houses as a great curse to the working man, and the source of a great deal of misery both to him self and his family. Recognising the difficulty of Sealing with that question, he would give working men a permissive power of legislating for themselves in the matter. He was strongly in favour of retretchment and economy, though he wished to see it effected with the utmost consideration for those whose employment would in consequence cease. After some discussion, cordial thanks were voted to Hi. Neville and the chairman. JUSTICE AND LAW. If ever there was a case in which law overrode justice, that case was before the Court of Criminal Appeal a day or two back. A fellow had been sentenced at the Mancheste Assizes for decoying two girls away from Sunday School, taking them to a public-house, and there seducing one of them, a girl only sixteen years of age. The indictment was for taking the girl ont of her father's possession; but the prosecution could not prove that the prisoner knew that he was taking her out of her father' s custody. The Court of Criminal Appeal has declared that this must be proved before an indictment can be sustained. That is to say, a man who keeps him self in ignorance of . the guardianship of youn g g i r l s may ac t as he likes—he not breaking the law. Clearly, the whole law requires revision. MR. BAKER ON CRIMINALS. Mr. Baker has addressed another letter to the Times respecting the best mode of repressing crime. Ile is, he tells us, constantly receiving letters from magistrates and governors of gaols agreeing in the two essential points of the cumulative system of punishment and the long super vision after discharge. It has been said with truth that a necessary condition of the vitality of crime is a certain amount of success, and Mr. Baker reminds us that success is inseparable from long practice, which cannot be attained without many detections. By a system of supervision, then, we may hope to keep the aspiring criminal so long out of practice that it shall become impossible for him to reach the highest point of his profession. Two modes of supervision have been suggested to the public. One is that in every case of conviction there shall be a certain period of supervision beyond the expiration of the sentence. The other is that the judge should pass a long sentence—such as ten years for a third offence—telling the prisone] that he will be allowed a license at the end of some years of good conduct, subject to re-imprisonment if found in suspicious circum • stances. Mr. Baker himself thinks this would be much the more efficacious plan ; for if a man who has completed his sentence is brought up on a trilling charge, such as being seen in bad company or loitering near a door, ho can only be sentenced to a very short imprisonment. On the other hand, if his old sentence be still in force, his license can be revoked, and the knowledge of this will put a check upon his actions. THE ISLE OF DOGS STABVATION CASE. The narrative of the death of Catherine Spence and her child was so horrible that it has stirred up the inspectors, guardians, and clergy of the district, and they have published various statements in . the newspapers in order to re move the unfavourable nn pression produced by the first account. The clerk to the guardian s sa y s th a t S pence h a d been earning a comparatively large sum of money-265. Bd. in three weeks, in addition to Cs. given by the clergythan and 4s. 6d. by the guardians. " On the Tuesday preceding the woman's death the man borrowed a shilling to purchase some food, and dur ing the night of that day and early on the followi ng morning he earned Cs. Cd. by working in the Mill wall DoClis, out of which sum he repaid the borrowed money and purchased other articles of food with the remainder, and the food so purchased was actually being cooked on the Wednesday after noon, when the salt to which reference has b een made was sent for to flavour it with. At thi s time the woman was in a public-house drinking with some of her companions, and she didnot home tbe until late in the evening, when, being medical officer was sent for, and gave her beef tea, brandy, and eggs; she wa s th en lying on a bedstead, which :was furnished with bed, rug, and blanket." It is impossible to reconcile this statement with that of the surgeon who made the post-nzortenz examination. He found the stomach of the woman utterly empty, and had no doubt that she had died of starvati on . Th ere i s no such diffi culty in comparing the statements respecting the woman's husband. It is not denied that he is mad ; and the zhnrose of his wife's habits given by the clerk to the guardians renders rt only too proo:toie that drink, the great source of poverty, madness, and death, had no small share in this dismal tragedy. OVEREND AND GURNEY. Dr. Adam Thom, of Gower-street, the prosecutor in re Overend, Gurney, and Co., has addressed a letter to the papers, in which he says that the pro ceedings have now reached a p o i n t a t w hich his main object—the thorough investigation of the whole truth—promises to be at last attained, inasmuch as the defendants, from their remarks on Wednesday last, appear to contemplate some defence or other which hitherto they have kept in the background. Under these circumstances he feels bound to afford them the opportunity of going before a jury, and he trusts that God may vindicate the right. After compli menting Mr. Howell and Mr. Lewis on their able assistance, he asks whether in fighting this national battle, as in a commercial empire like ours it may well be called, he may not reckon upon the support of all those who are interested in the momentous issue. Already he has received generous help, .ClOO from one donor, for instance ; and he is anxious to associate with himself any two donors who will aid him in the administration of the fund. The product of the precious metals in the United States during 1868, it is stated, amounts to $66,500,0 00 , divided as follows :—California, $20,000,000; Nevada, $18,000,000 ; Montana, $12,000,000 ; Idaho, $6,000,00 0 ; Oregon, $5,000,000; Colorado, $4,000,000; Washington Territory, $4,000,000; Arizona, $250,000; and New Mexico, $250,000. The yield of placer mining, it is re ported, has fallen off, but the machinery for the extraction of the metals from quartz rock is run with greater skill, so that the product is increased. The so-called improved methods of crushing the quartz have all been abandoned' and the use of old-fashioned stamps has been revived. These stamping machines, however, are used With greater care, and the ore is more finely pulrelized, so that a greater per centage of gold is extracted. it is asserted that the famous Comstock lode, discovered in 1865, has become poorer the deeper the shafts are driven, so that the product has greatly diminished, and the former surprisingly valuable returns have greatly diminished. The White Pine district of Nevada, on the other hand, has been extensively and profitably worked, and silver valued at $1,000,000 has been mined during the last six months. Drought has interfered with mining in Idaho, and too much rain has produced the same effect in Cali fornia. The excessive cost of transporting provisions and machinery has reduced the profits of the miners in the new territories, and thus has discouraged the thorough development of the mineral resources of the Pacific coast. It is anticipated that the opening of the Pacific Railway will excite more vigorous efforts in the mining operations of the country.--Public Ledger. Abraham Kipp, of Sing Sing, New York, has patented an improvement consisting in a certain combina tion of double pistons working in cylinders, which are arranged radial to a central shaft and operating in a direct manner through yokes on or in connectio❑ with a crank secured to the shaft; also a valve having a fixed character relatively to the crank, whereby a most simple and ell cient steam engine is produced, and which may be used either as a motor for driving purposes, a pump, or a meter. A Mormon leader, Jesse C. Little, is now in the Eastern States arranging purchases for an important ma nufacturing enterprise projected at Salt Lake city. lie is a Massachusetts man, and is said to be on the look out for " females" to replenish the harems of the " saints ;" but we have little doubt what reception he will receive from the Yankee girls. The manufacturing enterprise will at first be confined to waggons and agricultural im plements, for which the metal and castings will for the present he imported, but will eventually be home-made. ----- LADTERTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.— Self-Trea'rnent.—lt is admitted on all hands that health and strength of the body are more necessary for success in life than activity or acuteness of mind. The remarkable powers of this well-known medicine in purifying, regulating, and invigorating are manifested with such striking success that they should rot fail to attrac the attention of all invalids. No deep knowledgn is required to secure the good effects of these purifying and cor rective pills, a slight study of their accompanying directions will enable any one to use this remedy to the best advantage. In low, moist, malarious districts, where ague, gout, and rheunta" tism are almost regarded as birthrights, Holloway's medicine is invaluable for effecting a safe and permanent cure. [ADVERTISEMENT]—Consumption, and all bilious, nervous , stomach,and liver complaints in every stage are only aggravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health-restoring Re valenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless; such as indigestion (dyspepsia), cough, asthma, eon sumption, habitual constipation, diarrhoea, all gastric derange ments, haemorrhoids, liver complaints, flatulency, nervousness , biliousness, fevers, sore throats, diphtheria, catarrhs, colds, in fluenza, noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout, ifriPu' rities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness acidity, palpitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsY. cramps, spasms, nausea and sickness, even in pregnancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach, and between the shoulders, ae We quote a few.—The Pope's health restored by Du Barry's Food. Cure No 68,413.—`R0me, July '2l, 1866.—The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially since, abandoning all other iemedies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful at every meal. It has pro luced a surprisingly beneficial effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too highly." From the " Gazette du Midi," July 25. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, timber mer chant, of Fernley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness , : Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,832. " Fif t y years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness , asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness and vomiting.—Maria Joly." Important Caution.—Be ware of the ma nY unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously attached. In tins, at Is. I,ld. ; 1 lb. 2s. 9d.; 2.lbs. 95. 6d.; 5 lbs, Ils.; 12 lbs, 225. ; 24 lbs., 40s.—Also Du BARRY'S REYAL ENI I ARAB ICA CHOCO LATE POWDER is packed in tin canisters; for 12 cups at 25., for 24 cups at 3s. 0,1., for 48 cups at os., for 288 cups at 305., for 576 cups at 53s.—being about one penny per cup. The 30s. and 55s tins are sent free of carriage in England on receipt of Post Office •rder, —BARRY DU BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, Lon don; and all Grocers and Chemists. COURSE OF E XCHANGE—Last Evening. Amsterdam Short ... 12 11: 12 0 Do Rotterdam 3 Ms. - ... 12 1i 12 11 Antwerp - ... 25 35 25 40- Brussels Hamburgh ............ l3 10 13 101 Paris Short 25 12} 25 20 Ditto Marseilles 25 321 ... 25 371 Frankfort-on-the -Main Int 1201 Vienna ... 12 25 12 3 2 1 Trieste - ... 12 25 12 321 Petersburg f Copenhagen ......... 31 2 311 u 24 •• Berlin — ' 6 261 26-i- Madrid.. Cadiz — 471 48 Leghorn Milan 26 721 27 0 G 'l6 90 27 0 enoa Naples 26 90 27 0 Palermo - ... 26 90 17 0 Messina Lisbon — 26 90 ... 27 0 521 O p orto — 521 521 Rio Janeiro — ••• ••• New - York ••, "• Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. saistralla and New Zealand, via Southampton Feb 2. Ditto, via Yr 'weenies Ditto, via PioLama Brazil. Buenos Ayres, and Monte Video Feb. 3 . Ditto, by French packet Cape Verde, by Brazil paoket .• • ... . Feb. 3 Cape of Good Elope, Ascension, and St. Helena Feb. 12 . China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Feb. 13. Gibraltar, via Southampton Feb 6 [ndla,via Southampton ..... . .......... ..... Feb. 6 vitt°, via Marseilles Walla, Egypt, &a .. ......... .... Feb. 6. Ditto, Marseilles Ft.b. 16 lauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Natal, via Southami ton Ditto, Marseilles Feb. 1 1 . Newfoundland . ..... .. ...... Feb 0 Portugal .... United States , k anada, California, & 0., by British packet . ...... Feb 6 Ditto, by Canadian packet .... ..... ........... Ditto, by I. sited States packet Feb 3 Ditto dittc (Baltimore) West Coast of Africa. Madeira, and Teneriffe Feb. 3 West Indies and Pacific (except Mexico and Baha mas) .. Feb 13 Falkland Islands ...... Feb 3 . Cuba and Mexico .... .........Mar• l• Bermuda, via Halifax • Bahamas, via New Y or k Feb. - Feb. Births. BORRER —On the 31st ult., at Doter, the wife of Capfain Clifford Borr er, of a daughter. 151ruroN-0n the Ist inst., at 17, Lower Grosvenor-stree t, Viscountess Milton, o f a daughter. WHITE—On the 2d inst., at Croydon, Mrs. F. A. Wh ite ' of a son. Marriages. rI ARKER—COCKERELL —O n t h e Ist inst. at South Dul wich, Geo rge H ar k er, of Richmond Su'rrey, and UPP e Thames-street, Lond on , t o Clarissa,' eldest daughter 0f George J. Cockerel!, Esq., Upper Sydenham-hill. WOODH OUSE—CnAwNEn---On the ht inst., at Newto n Valence, Hants, Thos. J.Woodhouse, Esq , o f Ranelog, ll o Lodge, F u lh am to Florence, youngest daughter of th e late Captain Edward B. Chawner, 4th Dragoon Guarder of The Ma nor H ouse, Newton Valence. Deaths. ARMSTRONG—On the let inst., at 32, Duke-street, St James's, George Ilillas Armstrong, M.R.C.S. and 1-4-S• 1 " aged 66. BEVILLE—On the Ist inst., at Richmond-hill, Surrey, 0. Bovine, late Secretary to the Union Bank of Loud °° ' aged 34. NEALE—On the Ist inst., at Sutton Veny, Wilts, SteP ile° Neale, Esq., aged 69. STOKES—On'the Ist inst., at 27, Avenue-road, Regel3tig park, Francis Stokes, Esq., late of Windsor. SYME—On the Ist inst., at Millbank House Edinburg h, °' Edinhurgbi Jemima 13urn, wif e of James Syme , Esq., P Clinical Surgery. f,ondon : Print e d and Piblished by WILLIAMANDAF'wsg of No. 112, Str an d , P r i nter, at THE SUN Officl, 14° , 0 ,, of Strand, in the Pre c i nct of the Savoy, in the 00 3' 1 Middiesez..-IVednesday, February 3, 180. £lOO