The Sun. — London, England, 1860-12-31 00:00:00

-31 k r• , ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the Management of Miss Louisa Fyne and Mr. W. Harrison, Sole Lessees. TONIGHT, Dec. 31: MARRIAGE OF GEORGETTE : Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. H, Come. To conclude with the Grand Christmas Pantomime. BLUE BEARD ; or, Harle crin and Freedom in her Nand Home. Clowns, Messrs. H. B o l en° , H. Payne, Hildyard, and Lilliputians. Harlequins. Messrs. Milano and F. Payne. Pantaloons, Messrs. Barnes and Tanner. Columbines, Mdme. Bolen° and Clara Moreran. Sprites, the Zelinski Family. Mr. W. H. Payne, Mlle. Lamoureux, &c• Conductor—Mr. Alfred Mellon. Commence at Seven. rrEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Baskatone. THIS EVENING, SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER. Tony, bumpkin, Mr. Buokstone ; Young Marlow, Mr. Howe; Miss liardcastle, Miss Fanny Stirling (her sth appearance here). After which, a new' Pantomime, QUEEN LADYBIRD AND HER CHILDREN. The Pantomimist, by the un- Tivalled Leclercqs, Herr Cole, and Fanny Wright. Commence at 7. ji OYA T. PRINCE S S'S THEATRE.- Lessee and ltianat;•er. Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING-, Dec. 29, ERNESTINE. Messrs. J. G. Shore, R. Cathcart, Basil Potter ; Dlesdames Heath, Car lotta Leclercq, Weston, and Murray. After which, a new Christwis comical pantomime, entitled ROBINSON CRUSOE ; or, Ilsrlequin Friday, and the Kind of the Caribbe Islands : in winch Monsieur Espinosa and Mdlle. Marie Dumilatre, of the principal cantinental theatres, will appear. Clown, Mr. A. F. FoTrest. A DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. .1 - 7 k Sole Proprietor and Manager. Mr. Bent. Webster. THIS EVENING, AN UGLY CUSTOMER. Messrs. J. L. Toole, C. Selby, and Warde ; Miss K. Kelly, and Miss E. Thorne. After which, THE COLLEEN BAWN. D. 13oucicault, D. Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson. C. J. Smith, Romer. Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. To conclude with a new aurlesque Extravaganza, entitled BLUE BEARD FROM A NEW POINT OF HUE. Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford. C. J. Smith ; Miss Woolgar, E. Kelly, Laidlaw, and F. Thorne. Doors open at half-past B—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5. No charge for booking. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, £l. Orchestra , Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, Se.; Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, Is. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, Is ; Gallery, 6d. Acting Manager—Mr. Win. Smith. T HEATRE - ROYAL LYCEUM. Sore Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. THIS EVENING- THE OMNIBUS. rat Rooney, fir. John Drew. - - - After which, the Lyceum Christmas Comic Extravaganza• CRYSTABELLE or, The Rose without a Thorn, showinET THE VISION OF 'A ROSE. ITS FADING AT EVE, AND THE MAT-BLOOM OF THE WILD BRIA R • Followed by the comic Drama, entitled HANDY ANDY. Messrs. Campbell, Johnstone, T. Lyon. Forrester, Villiers, Butler, and John Drew; Mrs. J. Rouse, Kiss Hudspeth, Miss M. Ternan, and Miss Neville. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE._ Proprietor and Manag.er, Mr. War. BATTY. This Evening, a new spectacle, entitled TFIN LION CONQUEROR; or, The Death Jung le, expressly for the introduction of the Wonders of the World, " Th e G roupe of Performing Lions." The Lion Conqueror, Mr. J. Crockett. To be succeed ed by Scenes in the Arena, supported by talented Parisian and Bri`ish Artistes. Concluding with Batty's Prize Equestian Comic Panto mime, for Good Little Boys and Girls, by T. L. Greenwood, entitled HARLEQUIN AND THE 'WONDERFUL HORSE ; or. Percinet and Grociosa, the Ugly Duchess and the Greedy King, produced with Gorgeous Scenery, by Mr. Cuthbert, new Costumes and Appointments, and introducing in the comie scenes Batty's Prize Equestrian Harlequinade, and the celebrated Old Bob Ridley, and Brandon Ledger. Harlequin Mr. Sylvester. Columbine Miss Hariet Dalton. Pantaloon Mr. G. Perks. Clown Mr. James Cooke. Sprites—Messrs. Thorne, Lockhart, and Sons. Doors open at hall-past 6, performance commence at 7. Box-oiNce open daily from 11 till 4 Stag.e Manager—Mr. W. WEST. Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson. CANTERBURY HALL. Open Every Evening at seven. GRAND SELECTIONS (First Time) from LA FIGLIA DEL REGIMENTO (Donizetti), NORMA, SONNAMBULA, and MARTHA. Principal Artistes Miss RUSSELL, Madame MARIA, Miss TYRRELL, Miss WILLIAMS, Mr. HENRY HERBERT, C. W. BERNARD, and Signor TIVOLI. Musical Director...., Mr. F. JONGTIMANS. The Comic Department comprises Messrs. J. BLANCHARD, A. B. HOLLINGSWORTH, Master BARRY, G. W. ' , ELL, CHARLEY Fox, and E. MARSHALL. The Fine Arts Gallery has been enriched by the addition of the late John Martin's three Grand Pictures—viz., "THE GREAT DAY of HIS WRATH." " THE PLAINS of HEAVEN," and "THE LAST JUDGMENT," on view until 12 o'clock at Night. TILE WEATHER.—SuNiOnneE, DEC. 30, 1660. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHAM 33—hie: l est since noon yesterday. 29—lowest this morning and during the night. 39—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.45. WIND—S.-South -Westerly—moderate; with rapid thaw and rain. It blew very strong and squally last evening, when a tendency to thaw began. DE0.91. THERMOMETER, TN THE SHADS. 43---highest since noon yesterday. 34—lowest this morning and during the night. 37—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.68. WlND—Easterly — rather fresh ; with dull weather and thaw, but inclining to frost again. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 311. 54m.—Afternoon, 4h. 14m, - :7nn A +4s_ ~D::, ~` J; _' \ THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, DEC. 31, 1860. The importance of 1860 can now, upon this New Year's Eve, completing the twelvemonth, be fully appreciated. As we stand upon the threshold be tween the two years, as we pause there, not with out emotion, to— "Welcome the coming—speed the going guest," we cannot, before looking forward To-morrow (as we propose to do), anticipatively into the Future,we cannot but cast a wistful glance To-day into the im mediate Past, down the lengthened perspective of the last twelve anxious months—back, from these closing hours of December to those fast receding days of January. Happily, the retrospect for England is ai,thing rather than fraught with discouragement. We have had our national disappointments, we have had our social calamities—work has been oc casionally scarce, money at intervals even scarcer—credit even has occasionally, towards the close of the year, found itself hampered again, most vexatiously and injuriously, by the baneful influence of the old bungling laws of 1819 and 1844 regulating, upon the mast absurdly mistaken principles, our complex code of the currency—but in spite of all these fruitful sources of solicitude the country has, in 1860, far more than merely tided over its difficulties. Inso much has the good preponderated over the evil that we do not hesitate to assert of the twelvemonth now expiring, that it may be borne in the national remembrance with feelings of peculiar satisfaction. The Volunteer movement alone would be justify suffi cient to this last assertion. For, thanks to that patriotic achievement—the organization of a National Guard for England 170,000 strong—the real security y of the nation may be confidently said to date in veritable earnest from the ever memorable year of grace now rapidly drawing to its termination. From her Most. Gracious MATEsTY and her Royal Consort downwards through every rank and class of the community, this glorious move ment has derived the most readily appreciable and the most easily recognisable encouragement. The s" 3. REIGN'S Levee hr St. James's Palace--the banquet and ball afterwards—all signalised, as far back as March last, the rapid enrolment of the British Riflemen, At midsummer there was that magni ficent Review in Hyde Park (by the QUEEN herself in Person) of this her MAJESTY'S newly-organised force of loyal and patriotic Volunteers. Hardly two months afterwards there was that other and equally resplendent review by the MONARCH on her way to Balmoral, the review at Edinburgh under the shadow of the ancient Palace of Holyrood, of the " pick" of the Scottish Volunteers! Have we n cat still, toe, in vivid recollection the Shooting match, inaugurated by the rifle-shot fired by the Royia hand, upon the arena chosen for the corn- Petit ors upon the common at 'Wimbledon ? Was there, not still later that superb gathering in Lancashire, at Knowsley Park—a festive eele brati km in honour of the Volunteer movement, evidc !ming the cordial interest taken in its further- atm by the noble earl the honoured chief of her MAJESTY'S Opposition. It was am incident espe cially worthy of commemoration, that as= emblage of the northern Volunteers at the ancestral home of the Earl of DERBY—peculiarly and especially worthy of commemoration in this retrospect of the Volunteer movement if only from the circumstance of its evidencing in a remarkable manner the unanimity with which all classes of politicians have coincided, with a total forgetfulness of party distinctions and party differences, in wishing God speed to the mustering of England's Riflemen ! Another particularly noticeable circumstance in regard to this resplendent movement is the now perfectly obvious fact that it has tended from first to last to bring frankly together, ;Is man to man, the various sections and classes of oar diversified com munity. Insomuch is this the case that the social barriers hitherto dividing class from class may be said, with a perfect regard to truth, to have been broken down and trodden under foot, as hence forth contemned obstructions and encumbrances, by the simple but all-sufficient force of this very movement of our Rifle Volunteers. The manhood of these islands, rich and poor, patrician and plebeian, shopkeeper arid aristo crat, representatives of the working Million and representatives of the Upper Ten Thousand, hare manfully put shoulder to shoulder, they have all assembled upon one common footing, brothers &L arms, clad in the same grey or green uniforms common to the members of the various corps of our Volunteer Riflemen. Again we say that if only regarded in the light of this one noble movement, the year 1860, now fast coming to its close, cannot but be borne by us all in grateful recollection. The old babble about invasion has now been effectually scattered to tho winds as little else than ridiculous. Particularly bearing in mind that simultaneously with this prompt creation and permanent organisation of a National Guard of Volunteer Riflemen, we have during this same twelvemonth seen the wise regard paid by the nation to the improvement and development of both our great warlike services : insomuch that the Royal Navy and the Royal Army are fast ap proaching a state of efficiency such as they have never previously attained at any period of our history. Consequently, if we have been expend ing in a year of peace, so-called, the enormous sum of thirty round millions sterling, upon our mili tary and maritime armaments, we have at any rate, in this their rapid approximation to a state of complete efficiency, a result, we will venture to say, in spite of all the peace-at-any-price econo mists of the Manchester school, amply compensa tive. The inclemency of the weather in 1860 turns out again upon the reliable evidence of the Registrar General to be in its consequences absolutely matter of congratulation. The mortality has actually diminished, under the influence of this almost unex ampled humidity of the spring, summer, and autumn seasons—the flooding rains having washed clear of all impurities the drain-channels of our towns and cities, and at the head of them all, with conspicuous good results, the shores of our - vast and densely populated metropolis. It is a result, this, eminently calculated to inspirit us all in the more and more rapid development of our Sanitary Im- provements. If we cast a retrospective glance at 1860 in a purely commercial point of view, our attention becomes almost entirely absorbed in the still problematic advantages promised to the coun try by the new Treaty of Commerce negotiated (by Mr. COBDEN of all men !) between France and England. A commercial Treaty, we are still encouraged to 1,,,1:5ve by those who have faith in it—negotiated nominally at least in the interest of the great Free Trade Principles, though based throughout upon the old and, we had imagined, obsolete crotchet of the Monopolists the old bung ling and blundering crotchet of Reciprocity. It is singularly inauspicious in regard to this still dubious mercantile transaction between France and England, that it is reprehended, root and branch, body and soul, by no less authoritative and en lightened a Political Economist than Mr. M'CuL LOCH, the Author of the "Mercantile Dictionary." Whatever benefits may eventually accrue to England from the prudent effects of its operation—there is not a doubt of this— can only come to us, after long waiting ! During all which weary lapse of time we shall have to make up the deficiencies of the revenue, consequent upon the abolition of so many indi rect taxes (never complained of !) upon luxuries, by the clumsy and cruel device of an indefinite continuation of the direct Tax upon Incomes, according to its • present unjust and infamous mode of assessment. Here in fact is the chief blot of the year now dying out—a year of financial folly and financial profligacy, of commercial blundering and commercial experiment. It is Mr. GLADSTONR who is the arch-offender. He of all our public men is the one who has most blundered. He has secured to himself the distrust of the great mass of his fellow-countrymen—he has unhinged the whole machinery of the mercantile system and of our financial organisation. He has done this by a series of elaborated and complex, of rash and blundering Budgets—Budgets more erroneous in themselves and more glaringly miscalculated than even those notorious Budgets that bewildered the the House of Commons a dozen years ago when Sir CHARLES WOOD wore the gold robe of England's Chancellor of the Exchequer. Turning our regard now to the various stages of advancement noticeable in the social condition of the community at large, it is parlicularly gratifying to remark the perceptible rise in the character of the education of the middle classes from the influence, among other things, of the scheme known as that of the Oxford Examinations. The educational cause of nearly all classes of the population indiscriminately, is still further ad, vanced, from year to year, by the discussions pro voked (this last twelvemonth it was through the gathering at Glasgow) by the Social Science Association. Nor are the interests of popular education other than aided (more particularly among the employees of the shop keepers) by the extension of the Saturday Half holiday and Early-closing movements. If the general mortality has been happily dimi nished during 1860, we have yet, alas! reasons enow to lament over the many illustrious names numbered up in the Obituary of this last tw elvemonth. Among the Peers of the realm, have We not had grief in noticing the premature disappe arance from the scene of the good Duke of NORFOLK and the gallant Duke of RICHMOND? Have we not had to record the deaths of Lords STRAFFORD, and ITEYTESBURY, and LONDES UGH ? have not t wo statesmen of h i stor i c reputeCi passed away in the persons of the Earl of ABERDE EN and the Marquis of Daerrousre ? Has not another NELSON breathed his l as t, f u ll of years, it is true, but ( s h ame to the nation !) not f ull of hono urs, in the instance of the late ven erable a nd glori ous old Sailer Earl of DUNDONALD ? L ocitiz, the engineer, following fast his two renowned contemporaries, BRUNEL and STEPHENSON—G. P. R. JA3LEs the novelist--sir CHARLES BAIRT, ThE SUN, FLONDON:i MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 31, 1860. The year opened, indeed, very darkly. Our Great Ally c ommenced it by, we are sorry to remind our read ors of it, the shabbiest piece of policy of which he We ever been guilty. It is im possible, even at this astance of time, to think of the seizure of Savoy and Nice without indignation against the perpetrator, Lola profound pity for the SOVEREIGN, whose heart must ache with the recol lection of it till life departs. The bribe to England was the Commercial Treaty. With singular consistency in inconsistency, the same monarch bribes us, as well as his own country, to put up with the equally shabby intervention at Gaeta, and the perpetuation and extension of his occupation of Italian territory at and around Rome. The bribe is a liberal construction of the tariff clauses of the treaty, and the abolition of passports for Englishmen ! Thus the Liberator of Italy began the year, and has ended it, in the same spirit. Should not the New Year announce the withdrawal of the French fleet from Gaeta, we shall begin to believe that the surrender is, as reported, to be to the French, and that the Italians are to be told that strategic reasons connected with the occupation of Rome, itself a piece of fraud and insolence, require the French to hold Gaeta! But will our Cabinet tolerate such knavery P What should we say of such tricks if practised by Chinamen P We confess it lessens our pleasure in the eman cipation of Italy, thus far, to see the bit of LOUIS NAPOLEON so rudely thrust into its mouth. Lord Ram RUSSELL published his lectures to Prussia, and to Sardinia; we should like to see his lecture to the great delinquent, or has he none for him ? Nevertheless Italy breathes more freely in spite of him. At the commencement of the year, FRANCIS 11. was the hardened young REHOBOAM of Naples and Sicily; and at the end of it he is a prisoner at Gaeta, the Emperor of the FRENCH holding his hands on the maritime door of the prison. All the Peninsula, except the small por tions occupied by the Liberator of 1859, and the oppressor of half a century, being now its own master. And, despite the dark machinations at the Tuileries, we may hope that the New Tear will shame even him out of his heartless and selfish intervention. Undoubtedly, however, the glory of the year has been GARIBALDI and his deeds of daring. The crooked policy of Emperors and Ministers will of course find their place in the Annual Register; the Kings and Ministers of the day , Lre the necessary pegs of history, but GARIBALDI will be the great light of the year. His marvellous moral character, in such bright contrast with the selfish ambition and cunning of the crowned potentates, and his military achievements, before which the battles of 1859 are but commonplace defeats anal victories, will fill the page to which our own children and remote posterity will turn: The mere story of his departure in late spring for Sicily ; the capture of Palermo and Messina ; the battle of Melazzo ; the landing on the mainland, conquering or capturing all who opposed him ; his advance, even before his own troops, to the Despot's capital; his presenting a kingdom to a constitutional King ; his slights from those who were not exactly ungrateful, but who yet set policy before gratitude ; his manly and unrewarded retirement to his island farm—his noble fidelity still to VICTOR EMMANUEL as the honest Liberator of his country, and his threats from his farmhouse to the proud oppressor in Venetia—yes, the story of GARIBALDI will be the story of 1860. In remoter ages it will be told with that of CINCINNATUS and of WASHINGTON. But what a year of perturbation has it been north of the Alps. All Germany has been uneasy. Meetings of Sovereigns at Baden, where the Dis quieter thrust himself in ; and at Warsaw, where he did not dare to present himself uninvited, and a manifesto in which he avenged himself by as. suming the titles for himself alone, which they thought belonged to them collectively —announc ing himself as the "Pacificator of Europe," and the " Moderator of Revolutions,"—wore among - the prominent displays of Royal fear. But the basis of all this fear was not Louis NAPOLEON only. Him, alone, they might have met. 1860 has been a year of national rights asserting themselves, as they have not done since 1848, but with this distin- guishing characteristic—that the battle with cen• tralisation, bureaucracy, suppression, and oppression of nationalities, and despotism, is waged without tumult and by passive assertion of right. In Italy even, where the sword of the free was necessarily unsheathed at the demand of those who longed for freedom, too, yet there was much of the firmness of conscious right. It was this which based the schemes of the Arch-plotter, in the Duchies, in Naples aad the Legations, and which compelled the respect of Europe. But in Hungary, and in other parts of the Austrian dominions, the struggle has been one for law on the part of the people, against persistency in Revolutionary Acts on the part of the Government. This it is which nqw makes the movement so irrepressible. Every demand of the Hungarians is strictly legal ; they ask least for their own ; the Government can oppose to it nothing but revolution. If kept down, or not yielded to, for a time, it has a germ of vitality which no Imperial decrees, in substitution for legal rights, can destroy. If the EMPEROR will not give way now, he leaves for himself trouble for his gray hairs, should he survive his treachery to see hem. And the movement is general. All tho other provinces of Austria, emboldened by the example of Hungary, laugh at every proposal, but that of restoring what the Vienna statesmen have so long striven to obliterate, their national mode of Govern- went and Administration. Singularly, also, they do this determining, in the case of the small na- the arshitec' t—Captain MACKONICHIE, the bene volent reformer of criminals—ALFßED CHALON and Sir W. C. Ross, the Royal Academicians— LANDELL S, the engraver—JULLlEN, the musical caterer for the million in this country, one whom we cannot but bear in remembrance as having been in that capacity conspicuous among the number of our popular benefactors—ALßEßT SMITH, the most delightful humourist among our public lec turers—Mrs. JAMESON, the charming art-critic— SPENCE, the entomologist—together with many other well known• people too numerous, unhappily, to be here particularised, have contributed thsir long-familiar names to swell the interest of the Obituary for the last twelvemonth. The continental New Year's Eve is to mot Englishmen quite as interesting a topic as their own. Indeed, our apologists for this year's abor tive session have boldly asserted that the amount of talk on foreign affairs—those of Savoy and Italy especially—represented fairly the far greater interest felt in the cause of liberty abroad, than in that of extending our franchises at home. Be that as it may, never for this twelve years has England looked so hopefully abroad. The United States themselves; by a bold stroke for emancipation from Southern domination, have made 1860 a year to be noted by the sincere friends of human liberty and progress ; and even a petty Alahommedan power has felt the impulse, and of all powers whom we could have thou: ht of, the Bey of TUNIS comes forward to liberalise his administration. tionality so lon g dependent on the crown of Hungary to rejoin her; and in connection with her to form the old, legal, and separate constitutional kingdom. So urgent has the pressure become that the year closes with a Liberal Minister at Vienna, whose task seems to be, to construct such an Austria as Hun gary will be willing to unite with in a Federal Council. We shall see probably in 1861; we hope the project is " too late.'' Germany and the East of Europe have no hope of a liberty, like a separate and constitutional kingdom of Hungary, whoever wears the Crown. But what are we to see in the spring ? What:is to be done in Quadrilateral ? Can BENEDEK wait till he is attacked, allowing all Italy to be drilled before his eyes ? Dare he venture the attack, and learn in a few days that GARIBALDI and his invinci. b:le volunteers have found their way to Pesth ? Will proud Austria sell or cede ? What will the Man of Plots do? 'What will Germany do ? What will England do? A t)ad account of wrongs to Hun gary, standing to her credit in the despot's ledger, has she to make up. Venetia and its position is the threatener of European'peace. Cannot Lord PALMERSTON, for once, cut the Coburgs and the Courts, and tell Austria " it is not morally lawful for thee to have her ?" He need not fear the ven geance of any Continental HERODIAS. England would sustain him as one man. One gratifying result of all the movements seems to be a decay of the power of priestcraft. Of Rome we need say nothing. The pertinacious struggle for temporal power, meaning by it the most tho roughgoing autocracy on earth, has long destroyed its influence. In Naples the devotion of the most superstitious to the cause of despotism is doing the same. GARIBALDI himself proclaims his love for religion, his hatred of priestcraft. In Austria the Concordat and its authors are sinking together. In France the EMPEROR has taught the clergy that they have. a master; and his pamphleteers invite him to a French POpedom. In Ireland the antics of the Ultramontanists have made them a laughing stock. In England the High Church party are vainly mustering their forces for a conflict with Religious Equality. Religious as well as civil liberty has taken an important step in 1860. His Royal Highness the Prince de Joinville, with several members of his family and friends, are now making a sojourn at Poole, having taken up their abode at Shepherd's Antelope Hotel. The Prince is enjoying with great zest the pleasures of wildfowl shooting, for which Poole Harbour, the scene of many of Colonel Hawker's sporting adventures, is so famuus. The Countess Cowley, Lady Feodorowna, and Lady Sophia Wellesley have left the Easton Hotel for Lord Ebury's Moor Park, Rickmansworth. Lord and Lady Churchill have arrived at the St. George's Hotel. The Bishop of Chester left town on Saturday for Chester Palace. Lady Arthur Hay arrived in town on Saturday evening from visiting the Marquis and Marchioness of Tweeddale, at Yester House. Sir Walter and Lady Caroline Stirling, on the occasion of the marriages of their two daughters on Satur day last, entertained a numerous assemblage at their resi dence in Portman -square. The party was limited to the immediate relatives and connections of the three families, and consisted of 120. . Lady Catherine Hutchinson and the Hon. Mrs. Spiers have left the Euston Hotel for Paris. THE WEATHER AND THE PARKS.--Last night Mr. Bedford, the coroner for Westminster, held an inquest in the board-room of St. George's Workhouse, on the body of Charles Ambrose Smith, aged 24, who perished in the Serpentine by breaking through the ice on Christmas-eve. The jury, after consulting, returned a verdict of "Death from Accidental Drowning." The Regent's-park.—Yes terday the thermometer was at the highest 33, and at the lowest 28. The ice is now 3f inches thick. The skaters and sliders numbered 7,000. Several persons were im mersed and were got out. They were, however, able to go to their homes. HER MAJESTY'S SHIP CAMILLA.—It is stated that her Majesty's brig Camilla, 16 guns (which has been missing for some considerable time), wax posted on Lloyd's books yesterday as having been totally lost, with all on board, in the China seas. The information appears to have been obtained from a private printed cir cular published in China. The Camilla had been placed on the China station about three years since. Her officers and crew numbered about 200 in all. DRILL SHEDS FOR VOLUNTEERS.--The want of large covered spaces for the - drilling of volunteers in the evening is much felt. It is difficult to find buildings suffi ciently spacious, and the cost of erecting them has been beyond the means of most corps. Captain Fowke, R.E., has lately constructed a shed at South Kensington for the use of the Middlesex Engineers, which seems to have solved the problem of economy. The shed is 90ft. long, by 40ft. wide, and about 25ft. high. It is made of wood, without framing, covered with felt and oil canvas. The cost has been only £B2, which has been paid by the Volunteer En gineers out of their own subscriptions. ROYAL MUNIFICENCE.—Her Majesty the Qaeen has been most graciously pleased to forward a donation of £lOO to the fund of the Metropolitan Visiting and Relief Association (of whioh the Bishop of London is President), in St. Martin's-place, Trafalgar -square. This contribution was conveyed with her Majesty's commands that it should be promptly applied to alleviate the distress now existing in the metrokiolis, which her Majesty was graciously pleased to observe she felt the present severe weather must so greatly tend to aggravate. PLYMOUTH, Sunday.—The schooner Speedwell, of Looe, in ballast, from St. German's for Cardiff, when passing through the sound on Saturday afternoon, was caught by a sudden squall from the south-east and cast on the rocks under Redding Point, Mount Edgcumbe. Her crew, five in all, got into her boat, and, attempting to land, wore unfortunately drowned. The schooner remains where she struck, apparently not much injured. DOVER, Sunday, Dec. 30.—At two o'clock this morning, the French sloop Jean Baptiste, with a valuable general cargo, from Dunkirk to Cherbourg, came ashore under the South Foreland Light, the wind, which was blowing a gale, driving her bodily on to the rocks. The captain was drowned, but the crew were saved; one of them, however, much injured. The men are at the Sailor's Home, where every assistance is rendered to them which kindness can dictate under such distressing circumstances. The vessel must become a total wreck. THE REv. BRYAN KING.—The Rev. B. King has addressed a second letter to the Bishop of London, de signed as " a public and solemn protest " against the con duct of the Bishop towards its author and his parishioners. The letter resumes the history of the St. George's riots from the point where the other letter left off, and concludes as follows :—" Even you, my Lord, can scarcely be sanguine enough to imagine that I shall respect the acts of your late illegal aggression upon my return to my charge." WILD Fowl..—During the present week, a very unusual number of birds, consisting of widgeon, teal, coots, moorhens, snipes, &c., have flocked over the Thames and the adjoining marshes as far up the river as the Victoria Docks. Yesterday morning no less than seven snipes were brought down by one shot at Lower Charlton marshes, and the number of birds bagged during the week in the vicinity of the river from the Lower Hope to Blackwell, is stated to be quite unprecedented.: AMERlCA.—Liverpool, Saturday night:--The Canadian, which touched at Queenstown yesterday, arrived here to-day. Tier advices have been anticipated. The steamship City of Washington, which touched at Queens town last night with fuller advices from New York, has not yet arrived, owing no doubt to the heavy snow storm which prevails. ANOTHER BOILER EXPLOSION IN LEEDS.— On Saturday morning the boiler connected with the warming apparatus at the Beeston Hill (Independent) School, burst, and did considerable damage, but fortunately no one was injured. A woman had just gone out. A part of the building was blown down. THE CONDEMNED CONVICTS.—The execution of Johnson, for the double murder at Aldershott, will take place at Winchester to-morrow; he continues to simulate insanity. Twigg, for the murder of his wife at Bilston, will be hung at Stafford on Saturday next; he is extremely penitent. THE PROPOSED BANQUET TO MESSRS. GLAD STONE, GIBSON, AND CUBDEN.—The committee recently appointed at Bradford for the puiTose of inviting. the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the President of the Board of Trade, and Mr. Cobden, M.P., to a public banquet in St. George's Hall, in that town, have resolved to ask the communities of Leeds, Huddersfield, and the woollen dis tricts, to join in giving the proposed invitation to thou) gentlemen. THE PRIVATE BUSINESS or THE ENST J 'ING SES sioN.—On Saturday the official list of I)°, j eitions for private bills for the session, 1801, depositP"..l on or before the 23rd Dec., 1860, was made up; til ers i s only a unit under 400 petitions. Many o f th em are for improvements in towns and the metrop esy mat the majority are i n connec ti on with railwaTal LES E W THE PEACE WITH CHINA. FOREIGN-OFFICE, DEC. 30. A telegram, dated St. Petersburg this afternoon, has been received from Sir John Crampton, stating that intelligence has been received by;the Russian Government from Pekin, up to the 18th of Novem ber, confirming previous accounts, but giving no new details. The status quo, which was considered to be satisfactory, had not been modified up to that date. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) NAPLES, DEC. 30. THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, DEC. 31. PARIS, SUNDAY MORNING. TURIN, DEC. 29. SUNDAY, DEC. 30. A Royal decree has been issued ordering the dis solution of the Sardinian Chamber of Deputies. The King arrived here yesterday evening, accom panied by Prince Carignan and the Ministers who went to meet him at Alexandria. His Majesty was received by the municipality. The National Guards were under arms. An immense crowd cheered his Majesty as he passed through the streets. The city was illuminated. NAPLES, DEC. 2S. It is asserted that the French fleet has left'Gaeta. The Italian ships of war are proceeding towards Gaeta. GAETA, DEC. 25. Notwithstanding the rain and snow, the bom bardment continues with great fury, some of the shells reaching the most remote parts of the city. Several inhabitants havo been killed. The officers of the Royal troops have presented an address to King Francis 11., in which they promise to remain faithful to his Majesty. ROME, DEC. 20 (via Marseilles). The party in favour of the annexation of Rome to Sardinia assembled at the Cathedral of St. Peter on the 23d inst., and made a demonstration. The Philharmonic Academy is to be dissolved. A company is being formed for the purpose of buying all the property which formerly belonged to the convents in the Marches and Umbria. VIENNA, SATURDAY. The Ost Deutsche Post of to-day says : " According to reliable information, Count Itech berg has tendered his resignation, which, however, has not yet been definitively accepted." The Wanderer of to-day contains the fol lowing : " It is positivey asserted in high political circles that the Government has already agreed to the in corporation of the Servian Weiwodschaft with Hungary." SUNDAY, DEC. 30. The official Wiener Zeitung contains the appoint ment of :11. Mazuranic as President of the Provi sional Court Dicasterivai, which is to be re-estab lished for Croatia and Hungary. The Austrian Gazette says :—" It is asserted that Count Mensdorff will be appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs and Baron Schmerling President of the Council of Ministers." PESTH, DEC. 29. According to official information, an Imperial resolution was taken yesterday, sanctioning the unconditional incorporation of the Woiwodina with Hungary. SUNDAY, DEC. 30. It was in consequence of the claims of the Hun garians that the Emperor decided on sanctioning the incorporation of the Woiwodina and the Banat with Hungary. The claims of the Servian nationality are to bo brought forward by the Servian deputation, whose proposals will be submitted to the next Diet in the form of Royal propositions. THE WEST INDIA MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY. The Royal Mail steamship Seino, Capt. Revett, with the above mails, arrived off the Needles at 9,55 a.m. FRANCE. BOURSE, Dec. 29.—The market has been rather inanimate, but the fluctuations are trifling. Threes opened at 67f 80c, and were afterwards done at 67f 65c. 141obilier, 732 f 50c; Orleans, 1,372 f 50c. Northern, 980 f; Lyons, 902 f 50c ; Austrian 482 f 50c ; Lombard, 460 f. The following are the last quotations : 41 per per Cents 96 70 Do end month 96 65 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 65. Bank Shares 2852 501 Credit Mobilier 727 50 Do. Account 730 I Credit Fonder 955 Belgian 41 Piedmontese FiVQS 79 25 ' Roman Austrian Spanish Throes 5O Home Debt ItAILWAYs. Cash. Account. Orleans 1367 50 .. 1367 50 Northeru New ditto B9O .. 890 Lyons and Mediterranean 900 .. 900 Geneva 365 . 368 76 Southern Western Eastern .... Sardinian Austrian "ebar 4 Imo 0000 TURIN, DEC. 31. The report of the departure of the French flee' from Gaeta has not been confirmed. A Council of Ministers will be held this morn ing, after which the King will receive the different bodies of State. Every province is ordered to take such measures as to be prepared to mobolise one battalion of the National Guard. Naples will organise several battalions. The French fleet is still at Gaeta. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Ceylon, with the heavy portion of the above mails, arrived off Murat Castle telegraph station at 11.30 a.m. The Moniteur publishes a resolution of the Mini ster of the Interior, authorising the Directors-Gene ral of his department to give decisions in affairs of minor importance. The Directors-General will also constitute a superior Council for deliberating on all important questions. This Council will assemble twice a week, under the presidency of the Minister of the Interior. King Victor Emmanuel arrived yesterday at Ancona, and is expected here on Monday next. The Opinione confirms the news of the departure of the young Queen of Naples from Gaeta, and says that for some time past Francis 11. has gone on board a Spanish vessel every evening, and returned the following morning to Gaeta. The health of Farini is improving. The report that Farini had tendered his resignation as Lieu tenant of the King at Naples is premature. COUNT TELEKI. Again, the Emperor of Austria, by his Patents of October last, has, in point of fact, admitted the illegality of the exceptional system which prevailed in Hungary from 1850 to 1860 ; and this repudia tion should first of all apply to the military tribunals, which, in contempt of all justice, and especially of the ancient laws of Hungary, pro nounced sentence of death on so many distinguished and patriotic men, and at the top of the list is the sentence of which Saxony offers herself to be the executioner. Even had Count Teleki been judged with all the forms of judicial procedure, Austria would not be justified in demanding his extradition ; and Saxony would have less right to comply. The Bth article of the Federal Convention ofJune, 1833, on which the Dresden Government doubtless relies, is applicable to the Germanic Confederation only, and to the disorders which may menace the internal security of a Confederate State. It is true the Emperor of Austria is one of the Confederate Sovereigns ; but Hungary forms no part of the Germanic Confedera• tion ; and the regulations which were adopted in the interests of the Confederation do not apply to Hungary or its populations. Of this there can hardly be a doubt; the Germanic Confedera tion did not consider it had the rights nor was under the obligation of intervening in 1849 in support of Austria against the Hunga rian revolution, nor did the Confederation inter vene ten years later to maintain Austrian rule in Lombardy. The Confederation has nothing to do with the political events taking place in Hun gary or any other non-confederate State. The word "criminal" in the Convention refers to robbers, money clippers, coiners, murderers and malefactors of the kind, and not to political re fugees; and the Saxon Government was so impatient to exhibit to the world her base and gratuitous vassalage that it did not even examine the Con vention by which it alleges it is bound, to see whether the Hungarian patriot, who sought the hos pitality of its soil, was comprised in such a list. As it is still affirmed on excellent authority that Count Teleki was at Dresden on no political busi ness, his arnst and betrayal into the hands of the Austrian police was not only an outrage on humanity, btt a flagrant violation of law and jus tice. EXTZADI2ION OF POLITICAL REFUGEES. The English press has nobly raised its voice in condemnation of the outrage on the rights of hums,- ' nity committed in the case of Count Ladislaus Teleki, both by the Austrian Government in de . manding his extradition, and the Government of Saxony it surrendering him. The case is too shocking not to raise a general indignation throughout the civilised world ; and I think it will be a matter of national satisfaction to the English public to be reminded of the fact that the principles set down 131 the English Government in a remark able precedent are in perfect accordance with the sentiments of public opinion on the subject. I say so on the authority of the Blue-book presented to Parliament oi the 28th of February, 1850, respect ing the Hungarian refugees. After the sLd catastrophe that put an end to the Hungarian war of independence in the month of August, 1849, a great number of Hungarians and Poles sought refuge on Turkish territory. Austria and Russia, elated by success, and backed by large armies partly drawn up on the frontiers, partly stationed in the very heart of the Danubian Princi palities, demanded the extradition of the refugees (28th and 29th August, 1849). Sir Stratford Can ning (despatch No. 3, Sept. 3, 1849) thus wrote to Lord Palmerston :—" On grounds of humanity, not unmixed with Considerations affecting the Porte's character and future policy, I have not hesitated to advise a decided resistance to the demand of extra dition." " I was happy to learn from General Aupick that his views of the matter were entirely similar to my own." " The council met on the 30th August, and decided that the Porte could not, without dishonour, give up the refugees." On the 4th of September Prince Radsivil arrived at Constantinople with an autograph letter from the Czar Nicholas to the Sultan, couched in very strong language, demanding extradition of refu gees, and both the Russian and Austrian ambas sadors declared that the escape of a single refugee will be taken for a declaration of war.—(Sir Strat ford Canning to Viscount Palmerston, No. 5, Sept. 5.) _ _ Up to the 16th September (No. 11) the question had assumed not only a serious aspect, but a character of immediate urgency. Russia and Austria were determined to obtain possession of the refugees; their representatives, prepared to go the full length of diplomatic intimidation in order to force the hands of the Porte, had sent in official notes, repeating their previous peremp tory demand, and suspending their diplomatic relations with the Porte from after that evening, unless a categorical and satisfactory answer were given in the meantime. Sir Stratford Canning, whilst acknowledging that " the demand was too seriously entertained to warrant any line of con diet in resistance to it, not formed in contempla tion of the worst," informed Lord Palmerston that "he would have thought himself highly to blame had he concealed from the Porte his conviction that by submitting to the imperious demands they would dishonour themselves, and their country, and violate the common principles of humanity. • The French minister, General Aupick, entirely con icurred in these views, and both determined to support the Porte in what they considered to b e a question of humanity, right, and honour. At this juncture of affairs the Porte submitted ' some queries to the English and French ministers, 1 with the declaration that upon the answer would very much depend the decisio n of the c ouncil. The fourth of these queries was :---" If Russia were to declare war, in what way would it b e regarded by England and France, and in that ca se cou ld t h e Porte count upon the eff ective co - operation of those two powers ?" To this query Sir Stratford Can ning and General Aupick answered that " it was plainly to be presum ed th at the two Governments would condemn the suppo se d con d uct o f Russia, and would not leave the Porte without support, should it be necessary!' Upon this the Sublime Porte insisted on their refusal to deliver up the Hungarian and Polish re fugees. The Turkish government at the same time instructed their minister at London to say to Lord Palmerston that the Sultan, having exposed himself to serious risk in order to preserve his honour and to remain faithful to the laws of humanity, the Ottoman Government in no way doubts that the English Government will hold itself ready to afford it, in case of necessity, moral and material support. Lord Palmerton ou receipt of this communica- (From the _Paris Correspordent of the Times.) I have much satisfaction in stating that the Em peror Napoleon has caused the matter of Count Ladislaus Teleki to be taken up in a manner that does him great credit. lam assured that strong remonstrances have been made both to the Austrian and Saxon Ministers here, and the conduct of the Government represented by the latter has been commented upon in terms of special reprobation. The French Ministers at Vienna and Dresden have doubtless by this called the attention of the respec tive Courts to the subject, and the explanations they get are probably the same that have been gi ve n here. They are to the effect that Count Teleki's case came within the scope of the Extradition Treaty, and that he was, to all in tents and purposes, a criminal; that Austria was legally justified in claiming him, and that Saxony, bound by treaty, had no choice but com pliance. Now, setting aside for the moment the mere ques tion of humanity and honour, to which neither of the two kidnapping Governments would Probably attach any weight, the act was, strictly speaking, illegal. Count Teleki quitted Hungary at the close of 1848, and had no direct part in the overthrow of the Hapsburg dynasty. He came to Paris, where he acted as the representative of the new Govern ment established in his native country ; and the penalty of death adjudged against a man for diplo matic service to a de facto Government is as rare as it is cruel. tion appris e d Si r S tratford Canning, on the hof October, that h er M a j esty ' s Government unhesita tingly complied with thi s request of the S u blime Porte ; that tiey will immediately enter into 0 , 111 : municatiou with the F renc h G overnment, i n ()roe; to concert a common course of proceeding; an d with a view to guard against possible accidee . _ instructions w ill at once be sent to Admiral S l ' William Parker tc go with his squadron to the Dar' danells, to be re a d y to go up to Constantinople u pon the application of the Sultan, to assist in defending the Turkish capital or territory from attack. I 0 L o rd fact, orders for th ese i nstructions were sent by L o r Palmerston the same day to the Lords Conainisa sioners of the Ad m i ra lt y. At the same timeo r L Palmerston conveye d t h e sent i ments and wishes of her Majesty's Government on the subject, throng' Lord Bloomfield, to the Cabinet of St. Petersburg', and through Vi scoun t P onson b y to the Cab i ne t 01 Vienna, in a despatch, from which I :iterallY extract the following : "If there is one rule which more than an other has been observed in modern times by- all indePe n , dent States, both great and small, of the civilisea, world, it is the ru l e not to deliver up pol i t i c al refugees. The laws of hospitality, the dictates of humanity, the general feelings of mankind forbid such surrenders; and any independent govern' ment which by its own free will were to mak e such a surrender would be deservedly and univer sally stigmatised as degraded and dishonoured." These measures and instructions were comnini" cated. to the French Government, which e ntirelY , concurred in them, an d, a l rea d y on the 11th a October, the Marquis of Normanby reported to Lord Palmerston that instructions wore sent to the . French squadron, which was then at the islands er Hyeres, to proceed towards Smryna, and to 1 311 itself in communication with Sir William Parker' The English and French Governments having thus energetically supported the Sublime Porte in resist ing the not less inhuman than insolent demand of Austria and Russia, the result was that these two Governments desisted from their demand. of extra dition. With this precedent thus established, the ciples of international law regarding the subject of extradition of political refugees, thus clearly and emphatically asserted, and thus energetically main' tained, both by the English and French Govern' ments, it is to be legitimately expected that, true to their own antecedents, these Governments will , with equal determination and energy, maintain the principles of international law and the rights of humanity, so outrageously violated in the per" son of Count Ladislaus Teleki, both by th e Aus• trian Government, in demanding his extradition , and by the Saxon Government in acceding to it. In fact, Lord Palmerston having himself declared that any Government which were to make such surrender " would be deservedly and universally stigmatised as degraded and dishonoured ;" I can' not see how, consistently with her honour and dig" nity, England could continue to remain in friendly diplomatic intercourse with any Government branded with the stigma of that degradation and dishonour. True it is Lord Palmerston, in declaring the non' extradition of political refugees to be a rule mills vernally acknowledged throughout the civilised world, added the pnaviso, " unless a State is bound Ito extradition by the positive obligations of treaty." But well did his lordship remark, in addition, that such treaty engagements are fee', if indeed any sach exist." (Despatches to Lords Bloomfield and Ponsonby, Oct. 6. 1849.) In fact, whet stipulations may from time to time be concocted in secret between Hapsburgs, Boor' bons, and others like them, of course nobody call toll. But secret stipulations contrary to the general feelings of mankind, to the dictates of humanity', and to the acknowledged principles of international law, can have no public value whatever ; neither dare any of such conspirators against the rights of humanity appeal publicly to such secret stipulations in support of the extradition of political refugees , while as to public treaties stipulating for such extraditions, I dare assert, without fear of contra' diction, that no such treaty exists in modern time° —not one. Hence it is that Wheaton, having with diligence inquired into all the existing treaties respecting the subject of extradition, lays down the following al an incontested principle in his "Elements of Inter' national Law" (Part 11., chap. 2, sixth edition , 1855) :—" In the negotiation of treaties stipulating for the extradition of persons accused or convicted of specified crimes, certain rules are generally fol lowed. The principles of these rules are that e state should never authorise the extradition of persons accused or convicted of political crimes- Treaties of extradition do not apply to political offences." In reality the gross outrage on the rights of, humanity of w hi c h t h e governments of Austria anu, Saxony stand co nv i c t e d b y t h e universal opinion 01- the civilised world—the first for demanding the extradition of Count Ladislaus Teleki, and the second for basely submitting to the lawless inhumen demand—l say this gross outrage on the rights 01 humanity, instead of being extenuated, reoeives only an additional aggravation from the futility of the plea which in defiance of facts and of common sense, they dare to put up. It is said in the official organs of Austrian bra' tality and of Saxon dishonour that the Saxon Go' vernment was bound to surrender Count Ladislaus Teleki to Austria,-Ist, in consequence o f ito federal obligations established by the Federal Diet of Germany; 2d, because a special treaty exist% between Austria and Saxony stipulating for the extradition of criminals, concluded on the 28th No vember, 1854, and published by a ministerial decree January 10, 1855, Now, that strange antiquated compound of human nonsense called the Federal Diet of Germany mat have passed, and may pass, most astounding regu lations with regard to their own subjects, but Count Ladislaus Teleki is not a subject of the Germanic Confederation : he is a Hungarian,and every school boy throughout Europe knows that Hungary nei ther does nor ever did form part of the Germanic Confederation. And as to the treaty of extradition of 1854, it is a base absolute falsehood to pretend that there is a single word in that treaty which by any strained interpretation could—l will not say justify—but in the slightest degree extenuate, the base offence of either demanding or accomplishing the extradition of Count Ladislaus Teleki. In the case of 1849 above cited, there was at least an ambiguous expression in an ancient treaty', the treaty of Belgrade of 1739, which, exh um ed from amongst the dust of the past, Austria could set up as a pretext to serve her truculent purposee. The eighteenth article of that treaty contains the stipulation that " henceforward it shall be unlit's. ful to afford asylum to rebellious and discontented subjects." Nevertheless, Lord Palmerston, true to the humane principles of modern international lavr, "i t wou ld be a strained interpretation of categorically rejected that ple a , w i t h the declara tion that that article to construe it to apply to the officers and soldiers of the Hungarian armies who have been for the con s tit ut i onal rights of Hungary against the armies of A ustr i a and Russia. " But in fighting the case of Count Ladislaus Teleki, not one word of any treaty, whether ancient or modern, c an be invoked to serve as a pretext. Saxony, to use the very words of the English Government, is " deservedly and universally stig matised as degraded and dishonoured ;" but what shall we say of Austria, which not only accepted but demanded, nay ordered,that extradition—demanded and ordered it after 11 years had passed over the graves of the noblest and best patriots of Hungary whom she had basely and cowardly murdered, and over the heads of thousands whom she drove into exile, or left to languish in her loathsome dungeons, for defending the rights of their coun try ; after 11 years she still recurs to her ven geance, and that too at the very moment when trembling on the very verge of the abyss of just retribution she would fain make the world believe that, repentant of her past crimes, she means to restore to Hungary those same constitutional rights. - But we may trust that she will not be allowed to trample with impunity on the rights of humanity; that she will not be allowed to disregard the indignation of the civilised world, to which her existence is both a nuisance and a disgrace. I have reason to believe that the Emperor of the French has already caused an earnest remon strance to be addressed to the Austrian Government on the subject; and I trust that the English Government, true to its own antecedents, will not be found behindhand in asserting the force of those principles which, eleven years ago, England wag the first to declare and foremost to maintain. LOUIS KOSSUTH. THE POPULARITY OF THE NAVY.—A corres pondent informs us that the eastern division of the Channel fleet shows the following list of desertions :—Trafalgar 169 ; Edgar, 146; Algiers, 89 : Diadem, 110 ;— a B oyers reckoning, which shows that there are causes for desertion more tempting than the inducements to remain, or that the deserters were irrational blackguards, who to their offence superadded ignorance their or'n, interests.--. 4170 and A r at'y aagfttC, delz ' trot tZat Ye ti L e , klot bee, z he se chel , Thi 4 e r ,,, 11 1 , 6t 1 ,, ( or ot J'oi iille h Lc * 3 / 4 ast a rat P ( rri fr Pi 1.1 4r B oni, .4 01 LI Al 44 4 E "tat At tf 0( C A _re Az 8 7a .44t.,