The Sun. — London, England, 1859-09-08 00:00:00

DEPARTURE OF THE GREAT EASTERN. -- ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS. At length, after having encountered every vicis situde to which a commercial speculation could be exposed, and endured every danger most calculated to test the strength and stability of the ship itself, the Great Eastern for the first time cast off her moorings yesterday morning, and in the course of a few hours was safely towed to Purfieet. It was originally intended that the departure should have taken place on Tuesday last, and all announced confidently that the preparatious for sea would be complete by that date. As usual, however, the thousand and one little odds and ends which are never finished, because not found wanting till the last moment, remained to be done, and probably of all the busy hours which have been expended on the completion of this vessel none were ever more actively employed than those of Tuesday and Tues day night. Almost all trades had their representa tives on board, and apparently every branch of manufacture was diligently pursued at once ; decks and saloons were lumbered up with bales of bed ding, piles of furniture, and masses of crockery ; smiths were busy " closing rivets up" with a clamour from which even the size of the ship was no protec tion ; plate from Elkington's was being stowed I away, men were busy hanging costly chandeliers from Defries's, every one seemed in a hurry, and struggled and stumbled amid a confused mixture of shavings and forges, anvils, guns, anchors, cables, barrels, and hawsers. Below the confusion was not much less, though made up of different materials, and at the first glance it seemed hard to believe that the chaos of sofas, dinner furniture, mirrors, chandeliers, and carpeting would ever be in their proper places by the morning, and form the fittings of rich and well-furnished saloons_ Such, however, was really the case. Mr. Parry, to whom the con tract for furnishing the fittings of the ship has been intrusted, worked with the most indefatigable energy, and during a few short hours immense progress was made. The noise, however, was pretty continuous, so that on the whole a lively night was the result, and few had got sufficiently accus tomed to the tremendous din to require calling when the day began to break, and the tramp, and, if pos sible, the increased stir in the ship, announced that the hour of departure was drawing near. Mr. Atkinson, the pilot, to whose well-known care and skill this noble vessel was intrusted, came on board the previous night and his assistants soon after dawn yesterday. Just as a faint grey light began to break upon the river, the preparatione for getting under weigh were made. Several powerful tugs were in attendance, the four principal ones being named, curiously enough, the Victoria, Napoleon, Alliance, and True Briton. Movine , the Great Eastern, however, was not an affair of casting out a tow rope and going ahead. There was, of course, the usual routine amount of shouting, and inexpli cable orders and counter-orders, and fussing about of the tugs, before all was in readiness. Mooring after mooring was then slipped off. Captain Har rison and the pilot then took their places on the starboard paddle-box. Mr. Scott Russell remained on the bridge to direct the action of the engines, both of which (screw and paddle) were under steam. Captain Comstock, one of the ablest American navigators, who brought the General Admiral over to this country, stood aft to transmit directions to the men at the wheel, as Mr. Langley's new steer ing apparatus was not completely fitted. Mr. Prouse, the chief officer, took charge of the fore part of the ship, and to all the other officers were allotted stations either to transmit directions or to signal to the tugs. Precisely at a quarter-past seven the last moorings were let go, but as at this time the sweep of the tide had turned the great ship's bows in, so as to point rather in shore of the Seamen's Hospital ship, it was necessary to turn her slowly astern to get sufficient room to round the very sharp curve of the river below Greenwich. The screw engines started first, working beautifully without noise, heat, or even apparent vibration, and when the paddle machinery came into play, a few revolutions sufficed to get her head round to the point required. Then was the order given to go ahead slowly, and for the first time the Great Eastern started into motion, and with the slow majestic beat of her huge paddles moved grandly down the river. The general public had evidently put but little faith in the announce ment that she would leave the river yesterday, so that until the preparations were made for actually leaving there was little stir upon the river. Gra dually, however, as the steam-tugs began to move about and get their tow ropes in, it seemed sud denly to break upon the amphibious population at both sides of the stream that they were at last about to lose a vessel whose presence has made Deptford and the Isle of Dogs famous throughout the world. Then ensued an extraordinary scene. Thousands upon thousands of people were seen rushing to the river side from all points. Boats of every kind and size were launched crowded to the weler's edge, and the stream and its banks seemed suddenly instinct with life. There were not so much cheers as continuous shouting—a genuine outburst of enthusiasm and delight. Even the wan and sickly inmates of the Seamen's Hospital ship turned out upon the deck or crowded the ports with their worn faces to give one shout or wave a cap te , the vessel which swept so grandly by. The very firs turn at Greenwich showed Captain Harrison and all the officers of the vessel that the great ship was as thoroughly under command as a river steamboat, and that the only difficulty to be over come, or rather to contend against, was her length in turning the sharp curves of the river at Green wich, Blackwail, and - Woolwich. The vessel's draught was 21 feet 10 inches aft and 22 feet 3 inches forward—about the very worst trim in which she could have left her moorings, being down by the head five inches instead of some five feet down by the stern. 23 or 24 feet may appear no great depth of water, but when it is recollected that this was the minimum required at the turn ings, and over a length of 800 feet, which is more than the breadth of the Thames at West minster, it will be seen at once that these angles -Arc at first regarded with a certain amount of anxiety and distrust. A few moves of the vessel, however, showed that she was perfectly in hand. She steered as easily as a wager-boat, and her engines were found capable of starting her into motion or arresting her progress literally almost by a single movement of the hand. At Greenwich, on both sides of the river, an immense multitude had collected, but it wa3" at Blackwall tha,t the first really great ovation was made. The news of her departure had spread far and fast, awl from the deck of the great ship, the shores could be seen at • Blackwall Point literally darkened by people. Every house was crowded, and the roofs covered with spectators ; the mast-house was occupied, the pier sNs armed, the tops and yards of the vessels in the docks seemed alive. As the great ship ap proached the enthusiasm seemed to pass the bounds which ordinarily mark such displays with English men. The dense mass c'ieered, shouted, waved hats, shawls, handkerchiefs, with an abandon of gratification that was heart-stirring. It was really almost a national reception, and all seemed to have, as Englishmen, a share in the finest, swiftest, strongest, and handsomest ship which the world has yet seen. There was but one drawback on the enthusiasm and happiness of those who were on board, which was caused by the absence of the eminent man to - whom the conception of the ship was due—Mr. Brunel. A severe illness prevented his being present at the first triumph of the grandest idea which has ever been originated in naval architecture. Blackwall Point was, indeed, the turning point in the fortunes of the Great Eastern. The river at this place forms on' acute angle, round which the tide sweeps with strong but most unequal force. The admirable nner in which Capt. Harrison and the pilot Mr. Atkinson, managed the ship, the power and *regularity with which the engines worked, would, if left unobstructed, have soon got the vessel round this place. But, of course, right in the centre of the river, a barque, the Kingfiisher, was moored, while a little beyond her lay a schooner iu such a manner as effectually to block , the " fair way" down the stream. The tugs were signalled to get the Great Eastern's head round, and tried to do so, but the strain was too much, at the most critical moment two of the hawsers parted, and for a few minutes the noble vessel was, beyond a doubt, in a perilous position, as the sweep of the shore. the tide was d strong and in an instant drov e her * Nothing but the great power o f her own engin es saved her here, though it w as a delicate matter t o use them properly. It was necessary insta nt l y to counteract the influence of the tide and get her head off shore ; but, at the s ame tune, to do so i n such a manner as would not give way enough to take her on shore on the opposite side of the river. Fortunately this was effected, fresh hawsers were passed to the tugs, the bark, the cause of ill the peril, shipped her anchor, and after an aw2cious delay of some 10 or 15 minutes the G r e t a Eastern worked slowly round and turned the point of danger. This was a great relief to all on board, and to none more so than to Messrs. Campbell and Jackson, the ' managing directors, both of whom had been inces-. santly occupied the previous day and night in look ing to all the arr3ngements fvr the first departure. The moment the point was ' safely passed carrier pigeons were sent up from the vessel and the shore to spread the welcome news. At Woolwich there was of course a tremendous concourse of 'spectaton. Every spot which could, and doubtless many which could not, command a view of the ship, were thronged. The Dockyard, 4 the Arsenal, every place was covered. The Fisgard had her men in the shrouds, Who welcomed the safe arrival Of the vessel - with a regular " three times three," which was echoed back from both THEI t SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1859. sides of the river by an almost countless multitude. It is very probable that another such ship may pass down the Thames, but it seems not possible that the same amount of interest can be manifested in any other vessel again, no matter what her size. Once past - Woolwich, all the difficulties were over. The tugs continued their assistance, but the vessel was so perfectly under control that while the tide was against her their assistance might have been easily dispensed with. But for the delay at Blackwall Gravesend would have been reached by 11 o'clock. As it was, however, the tide turned and set with the ship before that hour, when the vessel was at the Long Reach off Purfleet. An immediate halt was therefore necessary, as in turning a few sharp corners with the tide the vessel's whole bron d side would become exposed to the full force of the stream, and not all the tugs in the river would pre vent her going ashore at once. It was therefore determined to anchor off Purfleet till this (Thurs day) morning. A single one of Trotman's anchors was let go at the bows, and the course of the ship, which it was said no anchors could ever hold, was at once checked, and the Great Eastern actually began to swing round in the Thames as much under command as a cutter. For the single in stant during which she swung and remained broad side to the stream she seemed literally to bridge across the river. There was room enough for her to swing, but not a foot to spare. The vessel came round to the full force of the tide, and her chain cable tanghtened up out of the water for a moment like an iron bar, but the single anchor never yielded an inch from the spot where it was first dropped. This day (Thursday ) the Gre4 Eastern will re sume her course, and arriTe off the more soon after 12 o'clock. Our readers may be interested to know that there was not a single seaman on board the Great Eastern during this river tfip, none of the crew having joined when she left, and i,42 men in board, with the exception of stokers and officers, being all riggers from Mr. Westhorp's yard. DESTRUCTIVE FIRE IN WATERLOO ROAD-THREE LIVES LOST. ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS. A fire, by which the lives of three persons were sacrificed in a very awful manner, occurred at four o'clock yesterday morning, in the Waterloo•road, a few doors beyond the South-Western Railway Sta tion. The premises were occupied by a man named Burton, who carried on business as a dealer in second hand wardrobes. His family consisted of his wife, her dau - - c hter by a former husband, and three sons, respectively of the ages of 23, 17, and 11 years. The house was an ordinary eight-roomed tene ment, two rooms upon a floor. The ground floor was devoted to the purposes of the business, and the upper rooms were used as a dwelling. The attic windows are hidden from observation by a wall recently run up in front of this and three or four adjoining houses for the ostensible purpose of giving increased architectural effect, but with a result which prevents the possibility of pass ing from one house to the other, and produces what may in truth be termed " a trap for the de struction of human life" in case of a fire occurring in any one of the dwellings. The outbreak was discovered at a few minutes before 4 o'clock, b y two constables of the A reserve, attached to the Tower-street police-station. In passing the shop they observed smoke issuing from between the shutters, and on looking more closely the interior of the shop was found to be in flames. They instantly sprang their rattles and endeavoured to alarm the inmates of this and the adjoining houses, at the same link rousing the fire brigade at the station nearly opposite, and despatching mes sengers for the nearest fire escapes. In a few mo ments Mr. and Mrs. Burton and other members of the family were seen at the second floor windows imploring aid from those below. The fire was gaining a rapid ascendancy, and smoke issued from both the first and second floor windows before even a ladder could be obt lined. Presently one was brought from the railway station by a porter, and Police-constable Allshorn,l97 L, gallantly ascended to the first floor window of the burning house. While there he hoard the screams and trios of the sufferers above, and called loudly to them to come down. At this time the staircase was in flames, and the unfortunate inmates, fearing to descend, went up into the front attic, probably hoping to escape over the parapet. The space between the front wall and attic window was not more than 12 inches—a mere gutter, in fact—wnile the height of the division wall between the houses on either side was at least seven feet. Into this confined space all the family seem to have been crowded, the flames gaining upon them every moment, and threateninc , them with destruction. Mr. Burton and his eldest son contrived by some means to get over the division wall bc,tsveen their own dwelling and an adjoining coffee-house. The second son made his escape over the other division wall, in an opposite direction; but Mrs. Burton and her daugh ter, Miss Read, a fine young woman 23 years of age, and the youngest boy, a lad of 11 years old, remained in the gutter, and were there literally " roasted to death." The flames were subdued in little more than half an hour after the outbreak, and before any of the upper rooms, except the front attic, had been seri ously injured by the fire. The music which the daughter had apparently been playing before she retired to rest remained unseorched upon her piano in the first floor sitting-room, and the book which Mrs. Burton had evidently been reading when she fell asleep lay upon her pillow in the second floor front bedroom. The great ravages which the fire made in the front attic had been evidently caused by the door of that room being left open to the stair case while the others were closed. On the firemen discovering the bodies it was found that Mrs. Burton was partly dressed, having her boots laced and stockings and garters on. This was considered so remarkable that in the course of the day Mr. Burton was asked if he could explain the circumstance. He replied that he could not account for it in any other way than as follows :—He said that unfortunately during the evening he had an altercation with his wife, after which he had left home and gone to a neighbouring public-house; that he returned about 12 o'clock and went to bed to his wife, who was asleep at the time, and whom he sup posed might, in consequence of their previous dis agreement, have lain down without undressing her self. He said further that he was first alarmed by his wife exclaiming that the house was on fire, upon which he roused the different members of his family and collected them in the front attic, where he sub sequently assisted them to get out into the gutter— that he and one of his sons succeeded in getting over the pa,r2.pet on to the next house in one direc tion, and that he expected the other members of the family had escaped in the opposite direction. This was all that could be gained from him, a n d h e ex pressed himself totally unable to account for the origin of the fire. It should be mentioned that Mr. Burton and the two sons who were saved escaped nearly in a state of nudity, having nothing more than their shirts on. In the course of the investigation set on foot by Mr. Henderson, foreman of the Southwark division of the Fire Brigade, yesterday morning, some words recently written in . pencil on one side of the shop door, were discovered, which excited some curio sity. They are written in a small but bold hand, and with an apparent erasure of one word read as follows :—" Mind 'you get at one o'clock." What this can mean. is not very intelligible, but the handwriting is believed to" be known, and the police have thought it desirable to preserve it. With two fire-escapes stationed within short dis tances—one at the Orphan Asylum and one at Surrey Chapel—it seems deplorable that so serious a loss of life should have occurred. The,fact, how ever, is accounted for by the extreme rapidity with which the fire ran through the house, and which prevented even the . close proximity of a fire-brigade station being of any essential service. The second son of Mr. Burton was taken from the rooton to which he had escaped by the conductor of the'Mn chine from the Orphan Asylum, and it is said that at the time he was removed the cries of his mother and sister were distinctly audible through • the flames, which unhappily prevented the possibility of any attempt being made to rescue. them. The bodies of Mrs. Bur:on and Miss Read were so completely wedged into the gutter where they were found that the firemen, in extricating them, were obliged to . cut • away part of the window frames. The upper portion of ther remains were entirely consumed, but the legs and lower exiremi. ties had suffered very little from the action of.fire. Mr. Burton's pecuniary. loss is covered by,an in surance in the Phoenix 'Fire-office for £5OO. • ' It i s has Chu e r r t g o e r a 'reliable and disgraceful fact that When ch thi,l firemen applia' d to the parochial official wha o f f ic t l h o e a6n.. sl u i c i: ne be in lon inc.. to St. Joh n ' s yi g hie% to place c the body of the third ce of a .rer, it was positively mused, obliged to go to the parish a w n o d r workhouse , us police, a were istal me and . a half, to ob tain The excuse fur this piece of barbarity • istb u at e , o a ffi 4g I . Dehurch rates are permitted in Lam beth, there are no funds .out \vbieh to defray the c harges consequent upon depo s it- ' 31)e, a A4Quy }1:1 the church vaults. , * \!r._l . VoOdS, POOL '. LOPE-MEN T CASE. I:lci ki lv ti v d il lno,. 9 , 1? TUE LIYER the person eizargad with • eloping. Nyith Mrs, wife of a coffee-hou&e deeper ill.liverpoqt, party - to the plunder of i ewe' leey worth, a large 41}^--i n b6 ( l ) n q ' . 9. was yesterday brought before the'Liverioe) ma 'a s 4 tr4te la s .7 , remand. From statements made by the attcrnies on both sides, it appeared that since th e a pp rehension of Mr. W oods certain explanations had been Knuth ) an d arrangements en tered into, which had satisfied Air. endino. and the charg e WaS therefore w ithd r awn, Voods set at liberty, A PLEA FOR CENTRAL ITALY. An able paper by the patriotic statesman Massimo D'Azeglio indicates the character and meaning of recent events, and defends the people of Central Italy from the charges brought against them. The writer first demands an European Congress, and continues : vV " Granted, then, that the Congress meets ; in what aspect will Italy appear before it ? "We do not speak now of Piedmont and its King, who is now bound up for life and for death in the Italian cause, and who will know how to defend it in the council chambers of diplomacy, as he knew how to keep flying the banner on thefields of Palestro and Solferino. We do not speak of Rome, nor of Naples, Governments still in conflict with the public opinion of Europe as well as with their own subjects, and only intent on repressing and misconstruing the aspirations of the latter. Let us rather examine the conditions of that part of Italy which, being now left wholly to its own con trol, has full power to show that it really is, and may therefore be considered as the true expression of the majority, in the Italian minsula. " Tuscany, Romagna, Modena, and Parma, from the year Is2l to the present day, yielded obedience to their respective §gyereigns solely from being compelled by the violence of the Austrian military occupations. What instead did these Sovereigns tell Europe ? What did Austria tell Europe ? They said that q. few factious men ; that a few rest less spirits, kept alive the ferment in the popula tion which but for their efforts would have lived most happily 13 1 a! 1 <er their governments. " What happened the moment that the defeats of Austria compelled her soldiers to withdraw to the left bank of the Po? " Had the case supposed by Austria been correct, we ought to have seen these few factious men rush ing to the pala i ees of the various Sovereigns in order to hurl them from their thrones, we ought to have seen the majority of the people combating these factious men and twine them in pieces before they ever reached the palaces; or at least, if we must suppose :that the whole mass allowed itself to be - struck with terror by a few discontented indivi duals, we ought at least to have beheld the entire population desolate, weeping bitterly at the full of their most excellent masters. " Well ; what has really happened is widely different. We have neither seen factious men as sailing the princes, nor faithful subjects defending them. We have seen the princes stepping into their carriages and driving away, and subjects drawn up in line on both sides of the street to see them take their departure without one indication either of favour or of hostility, with the aspect of persons contemplating an event the most natural in the world, and which the whole world had already anticipated. " Tuscany, Romagna, and Modena were left without any government ; and we may observe that it would seem to be the duty of every head of a state to make arrangements under whatever cir cumstances for the maintenance of public tranquil lity. And especially in the case of these princes, who were described as so passionately beloved by their subjects, and merely the victims of a few fac tious men, this duty might to have been fulfilled with all the zeal which gratitude could inspire. ci Now, it is right that out of Italy the truth should at length be known. During the last half century, as often as the Austrian Vice Consuls rul ing in Italy were overthrown by a national move ment, it was their regular tactics to abandon not very honourably their states, without confiding to any one the supreme authority, and rather to seek in every possible way to make matters worse, in order that disorders might arise sufficiently serious to arouse the apprehension and indignation of Europe to render by such means their own govern ments less intolerable, and to induce the people to hail their restoration as a prospect of relief and rest. " As a proof of the truth of what we now affirm, we would point to the conduct of the Papal govern ment in 1849, and to its constant refusal to listen to the deputations sent by the Romans to the Pope at Gaeta, for the purpose of maintaining with him the ties of allegiance—a refusal which reduced Rome to the necessity of constituting itself as a re public. Another proof is furnished by the conduct of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, copied with few variations from that of the Court of Rome, and by that almost exactly similar of the sovereigns of Modena and Parma. " There is another fact which may also be little known to Europe. and less intelligible to those who are ignorant of the dark by-ways and the thousand machinations of the Austro-Jesuitical party to the injury of Italy, but a fact most painfully striking to us who have been its witnesses, the fact of the constant provocation of secret agents concealed be neath the mask of outrageous patriots. " During the movement of 1848-49 we have all known newspaper scribes publicly preaching their theories, and audacious tribunes of the people but too successful in hurrying on the most ignorant and inflammable portion of the population to extrava gance and extreme courses. We have all seen them, I say, on the return of the Austrian armies, walking about our cities arm in arm with its officers, laugh ing in the faces of those very persons whom they had made their dupes. "We shall see now if the Italy of 1859 will allow itself to be caught in the same snare. We do not believe it. But it does not appear to us useless to have thus publicly denounced to the conscience of honest men of all nations this example of the perfidy of that party which, by its incessant denial of all justice to the Italian populations, compels them to demand it from all civilised governments, and which then, by means of its agents, drives them on to acts of violence and crime, in order to justify an armed intervention which may replace them under its fall authority. " It seems to us, then, proved that not a few fac tious men, but all the citizens of the States of Cen tral Italy are unanimous in demanding justice against the Austro-Jesuitical party, and against the princes who represent it. This justice they have executed themselves, when from the most authori tative of lips there was announced to them the manner by which they might become free citizens of a great nation. " The Italian cities have not risen up in an out burst of popular fury, they have not slain the re presentatives of power, nor their women, nor their old men, nor their children, as happened afterwards in Perugia, through the work of the mercenary sol diers of the Pope. Thousands ofindividuals hastened in small parties to range themselves benQath the national banner ; they hastened, leaving their fami lies by stealth, as if hiding themselves after the com mission of a crime, in order not to have any collision with the police, or to incur the risk of exciting troubles ; and so little were they intent on forming plots against their governments, that in the Roman States, just because the Swiss troops found Perugia quite empty of its youth, they could treat it as all the world knows ; and had not the recruits of the Romagna been at hand, who were training in order that when their regiments were once formed they might join the camp of the allies, the provinces of the Romagna would have been treated after pre cisely the same fashion. " And after the course observed unanimously by Central Italy towards its govoi.nments—after that, by the will of Providence and by the least credible of events, it has found itself in complete liberty and independence—what spectacle did Tuscany present? What spectacle Romagna ? 'What the Duchies ? What employmc nt did the people make of their full and absolute freedom ? What vent did they give to the long indignation lurking in their hearts ? What was their vengeance for all the ignoble double-dealing, for the imprisonments, for the tor tures, for the banishments, from the scaffolds of their governments ? " The vent which they gave, the vengea nce w hi c h they wreaked was this :—Their princes, as we have seen, drove off peaceably in their carriages, which (excepting the Duchess of Parma) brought them into the Austrian camp. She at least contrived to terminate by an act of ability, because one of hu manity, a rule fashioned on the same model as that of the other anti-national princes. " The functionaries and adherents of the fallen governments have not so much as a hair touched, not one particle of their property was taken from them. The men of these countries, divided in times past by party rancour-and by personal hatred, the rudEst and most ignorant individuals of certain pro vinces, become corrupted and degraded by bad rulers, and prone to sanguinary revenge, appear«l, so to speik, to awaken to a new life, to change their 'nature, to open their hearts to noble and honest sentiments. The thought that Italy had need of all .ler sons, that she wished them united, passed along like an electric spark, obliterated fatal memories and passions, rnd all wills panted for order, for discipline, and for self-sacrifice. Such is the aspect under which Italy presents herself b e f ore a Con gress, such is the spectacle which she now offers to the world, a spectacle worthy to draw down the gaze of angels, and which mu.t touch the heart of every honest man, however severe his judgments upon, however hostile his feelings towards, Italy. " Well, the adherents of the Austro-Jesuitical party have dared to ass o e f l io a: a d .y to .a di ly ffu ci s . e , t 4 h p e r %s y sc t r o • tm and revolution. • n ti t e lla h t er t r h O C rr o°fld.iiialcoersder "I owe it to my country and to myself to bear witness to the truth, and therefore do I now come forth and present myself before the tribunal of pub lic opinion, and deplore, qn h moilr, to ithirope, that for long years the 'Romagna provinces have never been as tranquil as they are at the present moment, and t t ho same thing. may be affirmed re; spectin g the rest of Centrarltaly. " All this I declare on my honour. and I am glad that an opportunity has occurred in which I can offer to these noble provinces a mark of the affec tion and of the esteem which I profess for them. " The Austro-Jesuitical party declares the con trary. It is in the discretion of every one to choose between it and (Signed) " MASSIMO D'AZEGLIO." (From the Morning Post.) The representatives of the people of the Romagna, we learn by yesterday's telegram, after solemnly invoking the Almighty to witness the righteousness of their intentions, have declared that the people of the Romagna, strong in their right, will no longer submit to the temporal government of the Pope. With this declaration, which all in the slightest degree acquainted with the feelings universal in Romagna might have foreseen, commences the greatest difficulty of the Italian question, one leading to more important complications than those involved in a mere redistribution of territory or an ordinary transfer a allegiance. Five centuries and a half ago Dante complained that the Church of Rome, by the confusion of temporal and spiritual rule, fell in the mire and befouled both herself and her high charge. The unnatural union of the sword with the crozier, he affirmed, at once weakened tempo. ral a n d degraded spiritual authority. The decree of the Assembly of the Romagna is but the latest expression of the same truth. The subjects of the ' Pope soliunnly protest before God and man against thj reimposition of the yoke which they have oast off. The question whether their protest will be favourably received by tho great European Powers is, in other words, the question whether the most sacred interests of right and justice and humanity shall once more, as in 184 a, be trampled under foot, that a clerical ea* may be maintained in the pos session - of extorted wealth and the exercise of a de tested tyranny. . By what means, it will at once be asked, can the Pope hope to reduce to obedience his revolted pro vinces 3 And the answer to this question has been furnished, in great part, by the eloquent and lumi nous discourse of the Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio, of which we published the translation yesterday. Rome and Austria both calculate on the troubles which they hope to excite in the Roman provinces. Austria has already thrown open the criminal pri sons of Mantna, And let loose the very scum of the earth, in the hope that by their vices and crimes they may assist in fomenting the much-wished dis orders, Not daring as yet publicly to intervene by armed force, Austria has sent her soldiers disguised to Ancona, where they are at once received amongst the Papal troops as regular recruits. These acts, we rejoice to say, have been hitherto baffled by the prudence and patriotism of the Italian people. But, evPII should they succeed, it becomes a ques tion whether Europe shall any longer tolerate the systematic prolongation of political and moral anarchy which their success would inevitably cause. The Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio has pictured to us the States of Central Italy as they have long been represented by A us t r i a and her partisans, and as they now appear when left wholly to them selves. According to the Austrian accounts, the people of those countries were fondly attached to the paternal Governments beneath whose sway they lived, and only the intrigues of a few factious men —of a few restless agitators—kept the country in a chronic ferment. Had this been true, one aught to have seen, as soon as Austria was compelled to with draw her soldiers, these men of intrigue, of faction, and of bloodshed, assailing their various Sovereigns or the delegates administering in their stead ; but ono ought also to have witnessed, if not the univer sal rising of the populations in defence of Princes so dear to them, at least an expression of deep and heartfelt grief at the cessation of their benignant rule. " Well," says the Marquis d'Azeglio, " what has really happened is widely different. We have neither seen factious men assailing their Princes, nor faithful subjects defending them. We have seen the Princes stepping into their carriages and driving off, and their subjects drawn up on both sides of the streets to see them take their departure, without one indication either of favour or of hos tility, with the aspect of persons contemplating an event the most natural in the world, and which the •,vhole world had already anticipated." In thus acting, these fillers of Central Italy, the Princes of Tuscany, Modena, and Parma, and the Legates of the Pope, have but acted on their own approved and notorious system. The Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio, one of the most distinguished of living Italian statesmen, for years the Prime Minis ter of his own country, and a truly upright, con scientious, and honourable man, publicly addresses Europe to the following effect : —He says it is right that the.truth should be made completely known, that what regularly occurs in Italy should be pro claimed and understood out of Italy. Not once, not twice, not in one crisis alone, not in one State only, but as often as the Austrian proconsuls rul ing in Italy have been overthrown by a national movement, it-has been their regular and prescribe 3 tactics at once to abandon their State s , no t t o con fide to any one the authority, but rather to increase in every possible way the confusion, i n or d er t h at by an easy transition their subjects might return a pursuedrgs d'Azeglio con trasts by the Itali an I through anarchy to despotism. Such was th e po li cy of the Pope in 1849. When the R omans 9- A to deputation to him at Gaeta, when tkey wished preserve their allegiance, he r e f use d to accept it. ui The same thing was true of T uscany, o f Modena, and of f th P e art t u r a ethi . a Lli t e M people to the agents and adh eren t s o f their despotic rulers, no less than to the rulers themselves, with the atrocious barbarities practised by the Papal soldiers in Perugia. Tho functionaries and adherents of the fallen Governments have not had so much as a hair of their head touched ; they have not been deprived of so much as a !single farthing of their property. Nay, ev en i n those provinces where the worst abuses of the worst of governments had stimulated and kept alive personal hatred and party rancour and revenge, the poorest, the rudest, the most ignorant have, as it were, awakened to a new life of patriotism and of principle, exhibited a self-sacrifice and a self-control that would be almost incredible were it not manifest to the whole world, and have given the lie to the s l an d ers of those who had so often described them as a mere horde of brigands and assassins, The Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio declares that he owes it to his country and to himself to come forward and declare, on his honour, to all Europe that for many a long year Romagna has never been as tranquil as it is at the present moment, and that the same thing may be affirmed respecting the rest of Central Italy. And the statement of such a man will carry With it in every society in Europe the w e i g ht d ue to un blemished character, enlightened judgment, and exalted patriotism. ANK RE 7' URNS. The _Bankers' Magazine furnishes the returns of the cir culation of the Private and Joint-Stuck Banks in England and Wales for the four weeks ending July '3O. These returns, combined with the circulation of the Scotch and Irish Banks for the same period, and the average circula tion of the Bank of England for, the four weeks ending the 27th June (the nearest date furnished by their returns), will give the following results of the circulation of notes in the United Kingdom, when compared with the previous month:— _ July 2, ; July 30, 185 9. 18A 1 . !Increase. Decrease. ;----1 - Bank of En.'land— 20,844,406, 21,773 399' 9:8 993 —• ~ 1 ,• Private Banks 3,359,930; 3,365,649 5,719 Joint-stock Banks 2,930,82 51 2,927,505 3,260 1 — - Total in England. 27,135,161; 28,06(1,613 931,452 Scotland 4,130,622: 3,975,977 154,945 Ireland -----1 1 . United Kingdom. ' 37,809,318 38,398,623! 58),305 And as compared with the _month ending the 31st of July 18.58, the above returns show an increase of £1,538,174 in the circulation of notes in England, and an increase of £2,340,505 in the circulation of the United Kingdom. On comparirig the, above with the fixed issues of the seve ral banks the following is the state of the circulation : rhe English private banks are below their fixed issue The English joint-stock banks are below their fixed issue £374,792 Total below fixed issue in England.... £1,414,678 The Scotch banks are above their fixed issue .. £1,226,706 The Irish banks are above their fixed issue .... £1,539 The average stock of bullion held by the Bank of Eng land in both departments during the month ending the 27th of July was £17,798,196, being a decrease of £286,973 aP compared with the previous month, and an increase of £60,430 when compared with the same period last year. The following are the amounts of specie held by the Scotch and Irish banks during the month ending the 30thiuly:— Gold and silver held by the Scotch banks £2,391,506 Gold and silver held by the Irish banks.. 4643,139 Being a decrease of £109,260 as compared with the previous return, and a decrease of £59,269 when compared with the corresponding period of last year RECORD OF WRECKS. --W e publish our usual monthly summary of wrecks, f rom w hi c h i t appears th a t during the month of August the number of wrecks reporta in our columns was 127. In th e mont h o f January thip were 177, in February 165, in March 151, in April 159, in May 110, in June 94, and in J u l y 81 , ma ki ng a tota l d ur i ng the present year of I , o 64.—Shippiny and Mercantile Gazette. [AuvEwrisENlENT.j—Rolloway's Ointment and Pills.— Dipbthoria, Sorg Throat, Glandular Swellings.—Some 20 yearn ago diphtheria raged in Paris to an alarming extent, and in Boulogne in 1855 its presence produced conaterna. Con by the desolation it left in its track, and gained the appellation of the " Egyptian Potstilence." Diphthcrials a variety of typhoid fev,ifo, perfectly under Curative control by fle,liow.ay'n4 Ointment and Pills, which assuage the fever, diminish the thirst, disperse swollen glands, prevent inflammation in the throat, and speedily heal the hazardous ulcerations on the tonsils which always awcattparky the complaint. Various aro the reFtoto caAses of this pesni lenv,g, but impure WO direcily prodUces it, this Holloway's ppeparations, by filtering everything deleterious from that yit4l fluid s ward off tiro disease, THE QUEEN'S COLLEGES IN IRELAND. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sir,—The opponents of the Queen's Colleges in Ireland have lately become very urgent in their complaints against these institutions, and seem de termined, if possible, to overthrow the system of mixed education which has been successfully inau gurated in that country. During the past Few months their attacks have been frequent, and it has been repeatedly stated that a Parliamentary inquiry into the condition and possible utility of the colleges is likely to be instituted. A s might have been expected, the arguments which have been used against the colleges are most fal lacious—some of them founded on misapprehen sion, others upon positive misstatements, and all of them appealing to very general ignorance of their history and principles of incorporation. It is now full time that some notice should be taken of these attacks, and that an effort should be made to correct the wrong impression which they are cal culated to have upon the public mind. It is remarkable that, although the Queen's Col leges have been founded within the last 15 years, the circumstances connected with their establish ment are already to a great extent forgotten. Many even of the friends of the colleges do not remember that the Act of Parliament under which they were founded was introduced and carried by the Govern ment of Sir Robert Peel, and not a few of their opponents at the present day denounce them as a " Whig job." Before, therefore, inquiring what are the progress and present condition of the col leges, it may be well to review their history, and recall some of the circumstances connected with their establishment, On the 7th of December, 1837, a select committee of the House of Commons was nominated to inquire into " schools of public foundation in Ireland." The report of this committee, presented on the 9th of August, 1838, is one of the most complete and valu able documents that has ever been presented to Parliament. The committee was appointed on the motion of Mr. Wyse, and consisted of gentlemen of different religious and political creeds. As might have been expected, their report does not bear the stamp of any party, but is singularly free from sectarian bias. Among other things, the committee recommended that a bill should be introduced into Parliament "for the establishment and maintenance of academical, collegiate, and professional educa tion in Ireland." The following extracts from the report embody the views of the committee as to the principles on which the new colleges should be founded : " Your committee are of opinion that the altera tions and additions they have suggested would materially tend to accomplish the important object for which they were appointed—viz., the extension and improvement of academical education in Ire land. At the same time, they think that it has not yet been carried out to the full extent which is required, and of which, with little additional effort, it is susceptible. ." The County Academy meets the more ordinary wants of the middle classes, and offers a good pre paratory course for the higher branches, especially professional, of education; but from many of the witnesses examined your committee are convinced that the want of a still higher department inter mediate between the academy and the university, and to which might with propriety be given the name of college, is sensibly felt, and particularly by the very classes to which reference has just been made. The Belfast Academical Institution ap proximates to the desired organisation, and, from the great good it has already in many particulars effected, little doubt has been entertained of the importance of affording other districts the advan tage of similar institutions. It has, consequently, formed one of the branches of inquiry to which your committee has attended. They have examined by what means such institutions may be improved, adapted, and extended. " Guided by the opinion of many of the most ex perienced witnesses of the necessity of such insti tutions, and the conviction that Proprietary Col leges will not supply the want, Your committee think that there gradually should be established and maintained, at the public expense, one college at least of the description j us t referred to in each of the four provinces of Ireland, under the name of ' Provincial Colleges,' and that it should be so esta blished and maintained at no great charge either to the State or to the province in which it was placed. " The object of these colleges should be to pro vide a high degree of education, preparing either for the University, or, if the University were not in view, for different public and private profes sional and unprofessional careers, thus obviating. the necessity of recurring at great expense and in ' convenience to other countries for a class of instruc tion which it would be desirable Irishmen should have an opportunity of procuring at home. " Though it might not be advisable the the col leges, individu a lly, s h ou ld be authorised to confer degrees, it might still be so that members frona each of LI, a.BOard, formed of leges of Physicians pfc, - e four, from the Col gurgeons,, and from the University of) 1. - . uolin and other learned bodies (as might ' - ue deemed ' advisable), should sit in the and, after due examination and certificates being produced of having gone through, in a satis factory manner, the several prescribed courses, should be empowered to admit to degrees such can didates as presented themselves from the Provincial Colleges, excepting, however, degrees in divinity. " Your committee are not prepared to give an opinion how far such degrees should confer all the privileges incidental to those given by existing universities. " It might be advisable to give a common charter to the four colleges, under one common name. "All situations in the colleges should be open to all religious denominations. No tests should be required." These recommendations were not overlooked in Ireland. Public meetings were, shortly after the publication of the report, held in Cork and Limerick, with the object of carrying out the suggestions of the committee for the establishment and organi zation of Provincial Colleges in Ireland. At the former meeting an address to her Majesty was adopted, of which the following is an extract : " In England four universities and numerous colleges flourish under the sanction of Royal char ters ; Scotland, with two millions of inhabitants, has four universities, and the intellectual character of her people, the order and industry of her popu lation, are noble proofs of the wide-spreading and . beneficial influence of these institutions. Ireland, numbering eight millions of your Majesty's sub jects, has but one university, and it is obvious that at a period when a demand has arisen for an educa tion proportioned to the rapid progress of know ledge, a single institution, even under the most favourable circumstances, unless aided by provin cial establishments, cannot afford sufficient oppor tunities of instruction to the middle classes of an entire nation. " In humbly soliciting your Majesty's most gra cious sanction to the establishment of a Provincial College in Munster, we adopt the suggestions and general plan recommended in the report presented during the last session by a committee of the House of Commons—we are influenced by no adverse feel- ing to any existing institution, we only seek for the extension of the privileges of education to every class and denomination of your Majesty's subjects—we do not wish or intend to interrupt private enterprise;' it is rather to be expected th at Provincial Colleges, by facilitating the acquisi▪ tion of knowledge, will increase the demand for educa tion, and give a new impulse to the lower schools, and a more useful direction to their studies. And, may it please your Majesty, we look , forward to a still higher good, a still nobler result from this un dertaking, excluding as it does, in the first pri▪ nci ples on which it is founded, all political or secta rian considerations, and uniting men of all parties and opinions in a great and national object, we ear nestly and confidently hope that it will be the means of softening down those irritating asperities which create so much misery, and so effectually re • tard the progress of improvement in Ireland." Nor was the opinion of the Limerick meeting less explicitly in favour of the suggestions of the Com mittee of the House of Commons. In the report of Mr. Thomas Wyse, M.P., to the C or k P rov i nc i al College Committee (printed by order of the House of Commons, July 19, 1843), the following testi mony is borne to the character of these meetings : " It is, of course, unnecessary to recall to your recollection, or to that of the Cork or Limerick committees, the favour with w hi c h the pA)ject was received on its first app earance i n Ireland. To their joint exertions this spirit was principally owing. Never before, I believe, had there been displayed in Munster, on a subject so removed from the ordinary excitements of politics, so much en thusiasm or, where division was so possible, such general co-operation of all classes, creeds, and parties. The two grea t meet i ngs h e ld at C or k and Limerick were unexampled. ," The requisition lists embraced the elite of the province. Petitions to the Legislature, a memorial to the Lord Lieutenant, and an address to the Queen, praying for the earliest adoption of the flea sure, were at onco agreed on, and every other evi dence which' could be desired or expected of the anxiety of the province was exhibited. The memorial was immediately presented by the deputation appointed for the purpose to the Lord Lieuten an t (L or d N orman by), w h o gave them in answer assurances of his approbation and sup port, Not long after you transmitted the petitions and address, signed by all that was respectable in each county of the province, for presentation, to London." Sir Robert Peel having in July, 1844, announced that it was the intention of the Government in the next session of Parliament to propose a measure for increasing academical education in Ireland, the Mayor and Corporation of Cork presented a memo rial to the Lord Lieutenant in October in favour of establishing provincial colleges on a secular founda tion, and praying that one college should be located in Cork. Public meetings were also subsequently held in Cork, Galway, and other towns, for the purpose of furthering the same object. Such, then, being the state of public feeling in Ireland, Sir James Graham in May, 1845, intro duced a Bill into Parliament, "To enable her Majesty to endow new colleges for the advancement of learning in Ireland." On its second reading its rejection was moved by Lord John Manners, but the second reading was carried by a majority of 311 against 46. In the minority there was not a single statesman of eminence, while the majority contained the leading men of the House of Commons. While the College Bill was under discussion the Irish Roman Catholic prelates presented a memorial to the Lord-Lieutenant, in which they expressed their willingness to co-operate with the Government on reasonable terms in any plan for the extension of academical education in Ireland. They then went on to specify certain conditions which they considered necessary to protect the faith and morals of Roman Catholic students. These conditions were not wholly and literally conceded by Parlia ment, but they were granted so far as was possible consistently with the principle of mixed education, which in their memorial the prelates had un doubtedly admitted. And when it was impossible to allow the conditions which were claimed by the Roman Catholic bishops, care was taken to provide religious securities as ample as the wisdom of Par liament could devise. " I shall hereafter notice in detail the claims of the Roman Catholic prelates, and show h ow f ar th ey h ave b een conceded in theory, and how much further in practice the securi ties actually desired have been found to meet the rational and well-founded religious scruples of that body. The College Bill received the Royal sanction in July, 1845. The towns of Belfast, Cork, and Gal way were subsequently selected as the sites of the new colleges, and the colleges were opened for the reception of students in the autumn of 1849. We have, therefore, the following facts in connec tion with the establishment of the Queen's Colleges in Ireland, which it may be well to keep constantly in mind : 1. That the College Bill introduced by Sir James Graham was in strict accordance with the recom mendations contained in the report of the select committee of the House of Commons, published in 1838. 2. That the Government had been repeatedly urged to the preparation of such a bill by indepen dent members of Parliament, and by large and in fluential meetings held in different parts of Ireland for the purpose of demanding from Parliament the institution of provincial colleges in which the prin ciple of mixed education should be adopted. 3. That when the College Bill was under the con sideration of Parliament a memorial was presented from the prelates of the Irish Roman Catholic Church, in which the principle of mixed education was substantially accepted. 4. That in Parliament the College Bill was sup ported not only by the most eminent statesmen, but by nearly all the Irish members.-1 am, Sir, yours, &c., HIBERNICUS. NAVAL EXPENDITURE. (From the Tones.) When we yesterday appealed to Mr. Cobden to help the country in Parliament towards the most important practical reform that lies within our reach—the reform of our Navy and Military Esti mates, and the manning of the Navy out of the savings—we did so because we feel that it is scarcely fair to call upon men in office to do this business. When Hercules wished to cleanse the Augean sta ble he did not set Augeas or the sons of Augeas to do the heavy work. He went outside, and brought to bear upon it the independent force of the "Liver Alpheus. The honest stream, after much soaking and undermining and continual wasla;:ng, effected the clearance, and, with a justic- i which seems common to poetic and prosaic ti:ines, the river was allowed to go back to its old course. Her cules was robbed of his reward, and the owner of the dirty stables was decreed divine honours. Never mind this. The cattle had the benefit of the reform, and we shall be quite satisfied, and so we ere sure would Mr. Cobden be, that the same ‘..tstribution of benefit should occur in the present instance. We should do a greater good to England than all the platform speakers and reform orators of the present day have ever done if we could esta blish it as a cry throughout the land—" Save us those five millions and man the Navy." Mr. Cob den, or any other public man whose advocacy would lead otber men, would better earn the name of a patriot if he would give practical effect to this cry than he would by the most glittering display of oratorical powers, crowned only by the result of making Parliamentary Reform impossible. We have no prejudices. If we thought it possible that Mr. Bright could condescend to such mundane matters, or even let them share his attention with his celestial abstractions,, we would hail him as our Hercules with his club and river, and make him the hero of the movement. But it must come from the outside. No Ministry can do it, exce pt under popular force. W e mus t have the river. We do not profess to say where the soil is deepest and where the water power should be first turned on, but for a good general notion of the subject the we would point to the figures as they appear upon public accounts. We apprehend it willbe admitted that ships are only useful to the extent to which they can be manned ; yet we mak.e gigantic efforts and spend tremendous sums to build war fi but when we have got the ships we find that we , have grudged a comparatively trivial sum to insure from under six 1859 our naval estimates have risen the power of manning them. Between 1852 and millions to something above twelve millions, and the great bulk of this enormous difference is spent in ships and coals. Of course there is some in crease in the ships in commission , some necessary increase therefore in the number of men, and some increase also in the rate of pay; but the great difference is, as we have stated, in ships and coals. This is the twenty shillings' worth of sack to the ha'p'orth of bread. We spend more than half a million a year in marine engines. During the latter years in which our fleet has been allo wed to dwindle we have spent nearly five millions a year in building and repairing ships, and we are now making an enor mous leap upon this average. Yet, with all this tremendous money expenditure, it appears that, although we had in pay fifty years ago 140,000 men, we have now an available force of seamen of only something like 50,000. If the ships when con structed could be trusted to man and fight them selves, this might be all very well ; but if we are to trust not only to the wooden walls, but to the tars who man them, then it would seem that we are selling off all our horses in order to buy a very fine show of carts. Of course, we must have ships, and ships and equipments of the best possible con struction ; but if it be worth our while to spend these large sums upon our ships, it must be equally - worth our while to spend, if necessary, an equal sum to obtain the means of putting good fighting crews on board them. Happily, however, it is abundantly clear that, with tolerable management, it is by no means necessary that these enormous sums should be spent upon the mere engines in which the men fight. The present system may be illustrated by two examples, which we cite from a recent article in the Edinburgh, Review. In 1846 a naval officer of great reputation had a fancy that he could build a good ship. Ile was allowed to do so upon a small scale. The vessel cost £70,000, and, atter having been tested and found worthless, was sold, hull, engines, and all e for £3,300. Again, a set of first-class new engines were put into the Re tribution at a cost of £41,170, but they were found too powerful; so that they were taken out of her and broken up, and sold for old iron at the price of £2,000. Again, when a ship is paid off, not only is her crew turned ashore to be scattered over the world, and re-caught by large bounties, but the ships themselves are dismantled. This operation was effected upon most of the ships employed in the Baltic, and the result has been that to strip and refit the Wellington cost £17,650 ; the Arro gant, £19,913 ; the Ni1e,—£13,772 ; the Euryalus, £10,828; and many others approximate sums. All this, and much morn than all this, is tho roughly well known. It has been set forth in blue-books, it has been condensed into review articles, it has been epitomised in our own columns, and it has sunk into the public mind in the form of a general conviction that there is, year by year, heedlessly and hopelessly, and without chance of remedy from official sources, a vast sum wasted. All th a t i s wan t e d is the agitation in the House of Commons which shall give a Parliamen tary effect to this formed conviction. But the waste is not so bad as the parsimony. If we waste the money, we have the ships. But in the article o f me n we save our money, and have not the men ; so that our parsimony makes our waste useless. We have officersers enough, many of the m would, indeed, be entitled to the reverence of Methuselah, but still we ha-ye officers enough. we have 358 captains on the active list, wh ereo f we can only fi n d ships for 90. We kn ow very we l l where to put our bands upon the cap seagoingtains, but where are the men ? We have, indeed, a population of some 300,000 men and boys, but these are fishermen, who are as useless to go aloft in a man-of-war as the steward of a Margate packet; coasting traders, who are not to be easily tempted from permanent work,—and boys, who are not of much use to handle a handspike and toss about a 68-pounder gun. We want something more than this vague maritime mob to depend on for our Nav y . In other days, when we had 140,000 seamen borne on our books, we swept them away by pressgangs. as we wanted them, took them out to sea , a nd flogged them into sailors. This possibility is gone, and we must find a substitute for it. It is quite as obvious_ a necessity to find a substitute for the exploded system of " pressing" as it is to carry out the steam substitute for the exploded system of sailing shill of war. We cannot " press' as we used to do, and we cannot register all our maritime population as. naval conscripts as our neighbours do. There 1 , 5 nothing left but persuasion in the shape o ofara cash. Gently pare off a little of the gilding,the jobbery and extravagance of our mail-packet service and our dockyard and Admiralty rou tine; mak e men deal with public money as they would with their own money, and take care that Po money is spent without a corresponding public advant a g e. A million would be easily thus saved ; and for a_ million of money England may h a ve a re s e rve d . force of 50,000 sailors who could not be matched throughout the world. What candidates might ear, you not have for a force to whom you paid £ 2O a y with leave to go anywhere or do anything within a fortnight's call, except when asse m bled for ex ec ' cise P Fishermen would bring up their sons to as a certain provision for life ; coasting men weal' serve in the Navy for it, for it would be given as a reward for good service in the Navy ; it would be a picked service, a berih to be envied all along the coast, a prize that would breed men-of-wars m en ' a chance of which the prospect would make two or three sailors for every man who succeeded in g etting it. £2O a year is a fortune to a man depending on chances of a seacoast lite. Every fisherman wouot then have had his two years on board a ship '3l war, and would take care that both himself and his sons should know how to kick off their boots an go aloft. Every coaster would take care t o be nu hand when his name was called. We, need n ot then collect useless vagabonds at extravagant bounties when we put a ship in commission. All equally efficient, might be done with ease for S; million a year. But not unless that million is s aved out of the existing waste. So large a sum will n ever be allowed to be expended in a manner where in no jobbery and no patronage can have play, unless Yea stop the inducement which at present draws all he expenditure of our naval estimates to more fav our but less essential departments. this, or any one of a dozen other plans perhapa COUNTRY MA_RIBTS. HULL--SEP. 6. At our market to-day we had a very small supply of EDF: lish wheat, which sells at fully last week's prices totterow new and old ; foreign of fine qualitysold ' 'Raley for prices than could be obtained during the week. -- f oi ver malting in good request, but grinding parcels met aa' f demand. Oats neglected, and prices were in favour o. buyers. Beans and peas were a slow sale, and somewhat cheaper. 8 Od Wheat.... Old white. per qr. 458 0;1 to 4 _ . .. Old red 41s Od to 43 8 Oc!, 1) Oa New white44B Od to 485 _, . • ,) 445 Od New red .38s Od to ,s, Dantzic Konb , c. old white 48s Od to 50s Od L .. • ' k Dutch, Belgiaa, and French 46s Od to 485 !-, 1 1 d Baltic and IT..amburg, red St. Petersburg and Riga, old 4OB Od to 42s 1 .,r; Barley.... English malting 36s Od to 40s !!!: Grind 'mg 3os Od to 32s Od Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish Urindino• 0at5...... English,' old Archangel 0 6640 ss s ss °°°l 3 1 11 1 d tttt 0000 t 0 2233 9981 i ssss 1 g°( 2 „: cicicl : Friesland and Dutch 0:8111d to la ?C . ! Swedish and Danish Oslid to Osllta Beans ....English, old, per qr. New pigeon New tick. Egyptian Peas Foreign breakers Grinding Tares ....WinterOd Indian Corn Linseed, feeding _4 4 7 0 sss OdOl tt t 00 0 4 4: 2 s s s g_ c. :. crushing i 0 Linseed cakes (Hull) £B 12 6to 0 1 , 0 Foreign Rape cakes Bones 8890 0 °08:s t t t °°° o °o° dddd ttt to 8 5 4 4334 99021 05557 s ( 1-°°9 4c1:16- MARKET HARBOROUGH—SEPT. 6. There was a moderate show of wheat, which met a 61 01/ demand, at about former rates. White wheat, 44s to 508; red, 413 to —s per 36 stone. Barley in limited quan tities at former (old), O were f rom 26s to 31s per 24 stone. Beans (old), at 44s to 46s ; new, 38s to 40. per 3S stone. MELTON MOWBRAY—SEPT. 6. There was a moderate show of wheat to-day, with a heavy business at the annexed prices :--White wheat, new, 429 Od to 45s Od ; old, 44s Od to 47s per 36 st. ; beans, 50s Od to 54s Od per 38' st. ; barley, 36s to 42s Od per qr. ; oats, 329 to 35s ; new, 24s to 28s per 24 st. DUBLIN—SEPT. 6. Our market was brisk, with a large supply of new grain/ and we note the prices of wheat as nominally unaltered from last market. Oats taken freely at a decline of 3d to 6d per barrel. Indian corn was almost unsaleable, but lower rates would be taken to induce business. •s. d. s. d. Wheat, white.. 22 0 to 23 0 Do., red .. 20 oto2l 6 Do., new .... 21 0 to 23 6 Barley Oats Do., black l4 0 to 15 0 Do., new ..... 'B . 1 d o to 8 12 .1' Bere Rapeseed Oatmeal l2 6 to 14 6 Bakers' flour Indian corn COAL MARI (Prices of Coal per Ton at s. d. Byass's Bebside West Hartley ..14 9 Davison's West Hart ley l5 0 Tanfield Moor 13 6 Tanfield Moor Butes l3 6 Eden Main ...16 0 Wylana Grey's West Hartley 14 6 Holywell 14 6 Walls End. Braddyll's ietton --- 16 9 Hetton. , Ships at mark, ET.--SEPT. 5. the close of the market.) Walls End. d. m. Kelloe l7 ° Eden 16 9 „ Keiper Grange l6 7 Heugh Hall l6 Riddell 16 Acorn Close l6 Haswell 18 • .. ........ . . 15 0 Whitworth ; South Hartlepool. l6 9 Gosforth 15 Peases West .... .. l4 Powell' s Duffryn Steam 21 Nixon's Duffryn 2l 6 t, 31—Sold, 34. LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL—SEPT. 7. There was a very quiet business doilig in this We rke during the day, and a t th e close prices were at the lo west ' North British, 601 i—Great Western of Canada, 1 1. 16--- ir Sheffields, 34—Caled on i ans , 86!,—Laneashire and er—i: shire, 98—Lo n d on and North-Westerns, 94 x d—Duteu Rhenish,". 5i dis.—North Staff or ds, 4f 4 d,—Berwiok so 891 4—Midlands, 104* x d—Chester and Holyheads, 50 _, Birkenheads, 771 a x d—Great Northern, 101 3—Eastel'• Counties, 111 5-16 x d—Grand Trunk of Canada, 8 °XO.,, Great Western, 69t 601—Dovers, 23 3-16—Lombt 0 Venetian, 1 15-16 2 3-16 x d and int. —Buff and .1-At Huron, 44 51--Great Luxembourg, 6a± x d—Ditto, new , d. MANCHES',TER—SEPT. 7. The prices were steady this morning, and continued so all day, with a fair business. Leeds, 981—Sheffields, 31 Midland stock, 104 A—North British, 601 —Great Western, —Trunks, B',—London Eiwliths Idi 601 a—London and North Westerns, 94—Dovers, 23 3-1 6 11a—Great Western Birmingham''' Guaranteed stock, 74k —North Staffords, 4-1 d—Great Ship CompanYt pe r. —Eastern Counties, There was fairß 11.3 b 1 luNs business :Id—oiSnEran. 7 d . Pesclosed at 10 yesterday's rates. South Staffordshire inquired for at u t i mingham tour Valley Guaranteed, 571—Oxford, Worcester, ' ) ! I Wolverhampton 31i 32--London Eighths, 1 c113,1r /llnghain Canals,' 94 . , buyers—Shropshire Bank, 3 10 — * Town lw sot Waterworks had District buy r s B f ar bothl(l).lti and sellersn l'ilirnuminogsthoatmhera BIRTHS. BRADFORD.—On the 7th inst., at 33, St. George's-road, Eccleston-square, the wife of Lieut.-Col. Bradford, Gre nadier Guards, of a daughter. COCIIRANE.-On the sth inst., at 20, Belgrave-square , Lady Cochrane, of a son. DIGBY.—On the 2d inst., at Blythe Hall, Coleshill, War , wickshire, the wife of Capt. J. D. Wingfield Digby, of e a 8, ed Villas Da son and heir. WHYT.—n the 7th inst., the wife of O the Rev. Thomas, t Whyte Alf , r of a dau&:hterlston•. MARRIAGES. MAcDouGALL—PuicE.—On the 6th inst., at the parish church of Bridstow, near Ross, P. Sheridan MacDouga ll, Esq., of Ross , son Of Major . MacDougall, late 25th Regt., to Marianne, third daughter of Wm. Price, Esq., of Ben hall, Herefordshire. WISE—CRAFTON. — On the 7th inst., at the Friends' Meet ing-house, Croydon Charles Wise, Esq., of Croy-don, to Edith Caroline, eldost daughter of Ralph C. Crafton, Esq., of Croham Cottage, Croydon. DEATHS. BAIL I.—On the 6th inst., Miss Bally, of 37, Tavistock.. place. BEAVAN.—On the sth inst., at Sevenhamptori Hous e, near Cheltenham, Joh n G. Beavan, Esq., aged. 74. CARR.—On the sth inst., at Bath, the Right Rev. Bish o p Carr, rector of Bath, and First Bishop, of Bombay, age s 71. CLOUGH.--On the 4th inst., at the Deanery, st. Asa Phi the Very Rev. Charles Butler Clough, A.M., Dean St. Asaph, aged 67. IfoPKINsoN.—On the 6th inst., at Hastings, SOURS Hop kinson, Esq., aged 43. MOOE.—On the sth inst.. at Margate, RegnieriV. Moor_3e, n Esq., of Lincoln's-inn, and 71, Gloucester -terrace, Rya park, aged 41. TAYLOR.—On the sth inst., a t 13, Mornington-place, Hampstead-road, Miss Caroline Taylor, agt id 65. of No. 112, Strand, Printer, LONDON : Printed and Published by IVIIIRI )0 YOU 1 12 , Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy , in the coital iddlot.ex, Thursday, SOptember 8 , 180 at The Surs C itlice, No. F ~hc T' one s, RAsAs'l.l RI'DtE th e u 1 1 ko