The Sun. — London, England, 1860-04-16 00:00:00

BENSON'S WATCHES. "J'erfection of mechanism."---Morning Post. Goldf. Silver Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet, descrip tive of every construction of watch now made, with their prices Watches sent to all parts of the kingdom free by post, or to India and the Colonies for ss. extra. 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London, E.C. Established 1749. T HEATRE ROYAL, DRURY LANE.- GRAND ENGLISH OPERA. The Public and Subscribers are respectfully informed that the Management have entered into arrangements for the production of ENGLISH OPERA with most eminent Ar tistes. THIS EVENING. MONDAY, April 16, Verdi's admired opera of IL TROVATORE. Menne°, Mr. Henry Haig Count de Luna, Mr. Charles Durand ; Ferrando, Mr.. Thom pson ; Azucena, Miss Emilia Heywood ; Leonora, Miss Dyer. Previous to which the MAGNIFICENT ORCHESTRA of this establishment will perform Weber's overture to the ro mantic opera of OBERON. Balfe's popular opera, THE BOHEMIAN GIRL, will be produced on Wednesday nest. Halevy's opera, THE QUEEN'S MUSKETEERS , is in ac tive preparation, and will'be placed upon the Stage almost immediately. The Band and Chorus, numbering nearly performers, will be under the direction of Dr. JAMES PEC The usual Reduced Prices—Stalls, 49 ; dress circle, 3s ; first circle, 25 6d ; pit, 2s ; upper boxes, ls 6d ; gallery, Is ; upper gallery, 6d ; private boxes from 10s Od upwards. The Box-office is open daily, under the direction of Mr. Nugent. Doors open at 7 ; to commence at half-past seven. T HEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, will be performed THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. C. Mathews, Buckstone, Compton, Chip pendale, Mrs. C. Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins. After which, a new fairy romance, THE PILGRIM OF LOVE. And THE BOARDING SCHOOL. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, the Farce, CRUEL TO BE KIND. Mr. A. Harris, Frank Matthews, and Miss Carlotta Leclercq. To be followed by the comedy of THE MAN OF THE WORLD. Mr. Phelps and Miss Atkinson. To conclude with the extravaganza of THE SYLPHIDE. Miss C. Leclercq, Miss Louise Keeley, Miss Helen Howard, Miss Rose Leclercq, Mr. Shore, Mr. Saker, and Mr. Frank Matthews, Commence at 7. XX A DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL , Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. THIS EVENING, April 16, will be reproduced the popular original Adelphi drama of THE DEAD HEART.I Robert Landry Mr. B. Webster (who will make his 7th appearance since his return from his greatly successful provincial tour) ; Messrs. P. Bedford, J. L. Toole, David Fisher, Stuart, C. J. Smith, Billington, Eburne, Powell, Romer, Page; MissWool gar. Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw. Ater which which (7th time at this theatre), the Grand Musical Fairy Extravaganza, by J. R. Planche, Esq.. of THE FAIR ONE WITH THE GOLDEN LOCKS. King Lachrymoso, Mr. J. L. Toole ; Count Pleniposo, Mr. P. Bedford ; Viscount Verysoso, Mr. C. J. Smith ; Graceful. Miss Woolgar ; Queen Lucidora, Miss Emily Thorne (her first appearance at this theatre) ; Mollmopsa, Miss K. Kelly. Box-office open from 10 till 5. Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, £l. Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony. 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, 3s. ; Pit Stalls, 2s. ; Pit, is. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.- Under the management of Mr. Wm. Broligh. THIS EVENING, a new comic drama entitled NEXT OF KIN. Messrs. Emery, S. Calhaem, Tilbury, &c. ; Mesdames E. Travers and K. Saxon. _ _ — Alter which, the burlesque of THE FORTY THIEVES. Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, Miss E.Travers, 3liss K. Saxon, Mrs. Wallis ; Messrs. Emery, Tilbury, &c. ; and a numerous Corps de Ballet. To conclude with THE MIDDY ASHORE. Miss Lydia Thompson. Commenee at 7. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. Directress, Miss Wyndham. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and Westminster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passengers all hours of the night TH is EVENIN4 the ;performances will onniMence with A BORDER MARRIAGE. Miss Wyndham, Mr. Robinson, and Mr. C. Young. After which, Al CHANGE OF SYSTEM. Followed by a new burlesque, LUC REZIA BORGIA AT HOME AND ALL ABROAD. Mesdames Wyndham, E. Scott, Cecilia Ranoe, Miss Clara Morgan, and the Corps de Ballet. To conclude with ' No. 49." Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, 10. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at hall-past six; perform anoe commences at 7. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.- Proprietor, Mr. WM. BATTY. Sole Manager, Mr. EDWIN HUGHES. THIS EVENING, and during the Week, To commence with the immensely successful Grand Military Spectacle, entitled " THE HISTORY OF A FLAG." New and splendid scenery, costumes, and appointments, introducing the stud of beautiful horses, ponies, camels, &c. &c. To be succeeded by the Scenes in the I ircle, supported by Madles. Monet, Marie, and De Berg, and Messrs. H. Williams, De vereux, Fernando, and the Wonder of the World, Jonathan Jack. Doors open at half-past 6 o'clock, performance commence at 7. Box-office open daily from 11 till 4. Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST. CONCERTS.- CANTERBURY HALL THIS EVENING, LITCREZIA BORGIA, (Donizetti). Donna Lucresia Miss Russell. Maffio Orsint Mrs. Anderson. G ennaro Mr. Henry Herbert. Don Alfonso Signor Tivoli. Conductor—Mr. Jonghmans. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney. Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified. and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.-BuN OFFICE ) APRIL 15, 10. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHAM 50—highest since noon yesterday. 37—lowest this morning and during the night. 52—this day at noon. BAROMETER-36.28 ; rising. WIND, East ; light breeze, and fine weather. APRIL 16. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 54—highest since noon yesterday. 43 —lowest this morning and during the night. 57—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.31 ; still rising. WIND, S.W. ; fine weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. This DAY.—Morning, 10h. 49m.—Afternoon, 11h. 23m. To-moßßow.-Morning, Oh. Om.—Afternoon, 12h. Om. Fw < 1 ;? - -t - z• -, ,zfor i tet r•m ,• • ' , , , THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 16, 1860. nowadays t o ge t even It is really refreshing an Abbreviated report of a Parliamentary oration from Paris, the epitome of an outspoken harangue, in which one of the French representatives is dimly heard through that muffled whispering gallery of the ;foniteur boldly arraigning from the tribune the policy of the Imperial Govern ment. Such actually is the nature and cha racter of the speech delivered only the other day in Paris by M. JULES FA'VRE, and reproduced to a certain extent in the columns of the Ilfoniteur. It may be pronounced, even in this mutilated shape, as it has been pro nounced, an oration constituting " one of the most complete and damaging exposures of the duplicity of the Imperial policy with regard to Italy." Fancy a speech that can be truthfully so defined being de livered at all in the French Chambers in 1860, daring the reign of NAPOLEON IN.! And then imagine that harangue so delivered actually reported in any shape, however abbreviated, in the columns of the Oioniteur ! It is a double concession to the spirit of the age—it is a momentary concession at once to the Freedom of the Press and to the Freedom of Debate. Rigorously fastened down though the valves of the State Engine are habitually—an in cident of this kind indicates that the Imperial Engine Driver finds it expedient once in a way to blow off a little of the surplus steam, with the hope possibly of guardingagainst the imminent proba bility of the ultimate explosion. The occasion selected by Vii, JULES FAME for the delivery of this bold oration, was that of the discussion provoked by the bill kir the reduction of the contingent for the current year from 140,000 to a maximum of 100,000. M. FAvRE, towards the close of his harangue, intimated his own con sciousness " that his language under the exist ing tonstitution might appear rash, but that he should nevertheless speak with complete in dependence, and express his opinion candidly and fully." He continued—" The question, in his opi ni on, was to ascertain what was the object and what must be the consequences of the glorious campaign on the banks of the Mincio, so suddenly interrupted by an unexpected peace." That object, as he re '`` led the Chamber, he had a year ago himself 4-3, em as the enfranchisement of Italy, a few days after the procla had proved that his THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY REvENING, APRIL"' 16, tlB6O ' that the war bad, in fact, Commons. Our demand is, that it should offer - .., o f giving .. Ein p i n e. d 7 e ; r - , , the hpoorn aoruyrahbal countr y se rightlym nothi ng embers representedlme s may y t think,han t het opinion was correct, anti . i W c ha s t e e n ve i r h o enr Bill.eo prevalentm been. undertaken for the purpos, contem pendence to Italy. The language of the _ appeared to him to be perfectly clear on te.... point; but the programme, in spite of its greatness, men:. abroad. The faults of the Bill are, in public 1 those of oni• • was net well understood and not well received. The opinion, ent`Lre y omission. Regarded partisans of Italy were not then very numerous ; merely as an enfranchisement bill, it is respectable ; and public opinion joined too readily in the re- but regard it a Reform Bill, which ought to include proaches cast on that warlike and sacrified nation of protection for the voter and fair apportionment of being inconsistent. The Italians had, he said, seats, it is a nullity. We do not mean to affirm that nobly replied to their detractors, and had shown these two points couldhave been carried through the the patriotism with which they were filled." The present House of Commons; but that fact only shows hon. deputy furthermore insisted that with the in- how much Representative Reform is needed. When dependence of Italy the interests of France were, no one even expects that apeople's house will concede to his own thinking, bound up indissolubly. In to every voter a right to give an unbiassed vote — testimony of the reasonableness of which opinion or, to property, in connection with population, a he exclaimed—" Open the annals of Europe and it tolerably equal representation— surely it is time will be seen that since the fall of the that such a house should be made to give way to Roman empire two principles bad been con- one which will do political justice. stantly opposed to each other in Italy, one It is plain that every obstruction will be offered represented by Germany and the other by to this franchise-extension bill. Regarding it as a France." Adding, " When he loOked on the map good piece of bit-by-bit reform, we denounce such of Europe, and contemplated that vast triangle of obstructions. The great organ of Toryism has been which the Mediterranean was the centre, and of at it day by day, especially since the Opposition which France formed the summit, it appeared to have succeeded in their schemes of procrastination ; him to be a power commanding at once the Atlan- and if hon. members do not return to St. Stephen's tic and the Adriatic—a power which would en- with a tremendous ogre of mob ignorance swamp lighten and not alarm Europe—a power which ing the select constituencies of £lO householders, would inaugurate an era of prosperity and gran- getting rid of taxes on articles of consump deur to which no one could point out a limit." Italy tion, and mulcting property with the cost of free from the Alps to the Adriatic—" such," ex- our army and navy, it will not be the claimed M. FAVRE, " was the promise made to Italy fault of the Times. Mr. GLADSTONE'S Budget has and to the world by France when ready to enter on shown the way to get rid of taxes which affect the the campaign." Yet, after alluding to the reiterated many, and Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S Bill has said to defeats experience by the Austrians, he insisted the many—" walk in lads, and saddle all of us who that the object of the war had not been obtained ! do not live on wages with seventy pence in the In point of fact the treaty of Zurich, the armistice of pound income-tax, and that will just pay our Villafranca—constituted, each of them separately, seventy millions a-year expenditure." Lord both of them together, a miserable anti-climax to the MACAULAY, moreover, has been raised from the majestic Milan Proclamation. It was a magnificent dead, and if members of Parliament will neither project, not a doubt of it, this design of liberating believe the journal which sits in MosEs' seat, nor a Italy from the Alps to the Adriatic—this dream of risen Lord MACAULAY—why, to the place of tor rendering free the whole of the Roman Peninsula ment go they must. —this halcyon vision of " Italy for the Italians," But are Reformers to be called on in the name whether under one ruler or under several rulers, of all the worthy persons who inhabit houses of whether with the new title of a Kingdom or of a between £6 and £lO rent to fight with such spectres Confederation. Has not Lord BYRON when speak- of the fancy as these. Our answer is, collect any ing of Greece, in the name of the Greeks, at the where you please, the class of persons referred to — mere mention of POLYCRATES, exclaimed with a talk with them individually, or get them sort of agonised rapture even over that painful re- together in a • hall or schoolroom set membrance— some of them to tell you their minds on public " A TYRANT! But our masters then things, and you will he surprised how shrewd and Were still at least our countrymen r' sensible their remarks are; the per centage of in- As thus at the mere thought of Greece for the Gre- telligent men among them would probably equal cians— so at this project of Italy for the Italians ! It that of any other class. But, what is more to the was a project superbly commenced—apparently for point, you will find them all—yes, even the men some little time in a fair way towards its realisation. who belong to Mr. WHITESIDE'S dreaded Trades' Bat—"o most lame and impotent conclusion"—there Unions, imbued with as deep a reverence for the followed hard upon the heels of the victory of Sol- rights of property as Mr. Wv. HITESIDE himself. ferino—the truce of Villafranca! "In the same None but industrious hard-working artisans, as the way," said M. FAVRE, " that it had only depended rule, are masters of even a£6 house, and honour on one will to declare war, so it had depended on able members may be as certain of it as of any pro one will alone to put an end to it, and to leave un- position in Euclid, that the man who works for finished a work in which the dignity and the inte- his living is never a destructive. He knows the rests of ;the country were involved;" and, in so value of "his own." He has come by it, by speaking, he " declared that he did not make this a process which teaches him its value. It is remark by way of criticism—that went beyond • justly called his " hard-earned savings"—and is his right—but he considered it as his duty to as dear to him as the estate of a Duke. point out the fate of his country, and to make You will also find him an earnest friend to order. France understand that she had placed herself He may think the capitalist hard upon him, but he under the hands of a master !" Certainly a would rather try the matter out with him in his very startling reminder heard in the Tribune, own way—in •the perfectly legitimate way of re and reported in the Moniteur. So bold at last be- fusing to work if he thinks he ought to have more came the comments and criticisms of M. FAVRE, for his work. that the hon. deputy was at length interrupted by We do not believe ii Lord MACAULAY'S vivid the President, the Count DE MoRNY, who observed pictures of what operatives will do in hard times. that, while (as the Chamber would certainly do He says we have got over such seasons in England him the justice to admit), he had allowed because the few just sufficient to keep Whigs M. FAVRE the fullest latitude to express in power—had the political power. We beg his opinions, he must now remind that representa- to recal one fact to recollection—on each return tive that it was not to be permitted that he should forget the respect due to the Sovereign." Adding of the times of hardship alluded to by Lord MA cAuLAY, the temper of the unemployed and the that " M. J. FAVRE had reproached the EMPEROR with that which was his best title to the admiration of the country, namely, his moderation in the hour of victory, and his constant solicitude for the interests of France." And certainly it must be allowed even in regard to the Italian policy of the reigning Emperor of the FRENCH, his Majesty is faithfully carrying out to the letter the famous axiom of the great founder of his dynasty—Tou t pour: la France ! Only it happens that that" little-all" includes just now— Savoy and the Savoyards ! And not only that—it swallows up the honour of the Empire and the solemn promises of the Sovereign. It can hardly be wondered at therefore that criticisms should still be indulged in even in the French Tribune, even as now reported in the official head of the French press, the Moniteur—sharp and searching criticisms upon a policy sketched out so clearly in the proclamation of Milan, and falsified so disastrously in the armistice on the morrow of Solferino, and the melancholy sequels to the armistice of Villafranca ! demands of those on strike have become milder and more reasonable. To what is this to be attributed but to the fact that the working classes have been treated, legislatively, with more justice. The great crowning act of justice to them was the removal of the tax on their food. How thankful were all of us in 1848 that the Corn Laws had been repealed! And it is certainly rather tender ground that those who for thirty years con fiscated by corn laws the very food of the poor should now begin to exclaim about the danger of the poor throwing on them the sole burden of the taxes, which are paid chiefly to protect the pro perty of the country. Our - working men, how ever, will never do any such thing. 2They will never, we are confident, object to a fair taxation of tho'se things which are not the necessities of life. We observe in his speech to the electors of Har wich Mr CAMPBELL, now Lord STRATHEDEN, has a new proposal. He, having left the House of Com mons, has handed over to a member who has au thority and eloquence to urge them, the arguments by which he intended to have supported a motion for a select committee to draft a Reform Bill. There may be advantages in such a course, but the objections strike us as insurmountable. We know our rights and claims without the help of a select committee, and want only a house and a Ministry honest enough to recognise them, There is nothing new to be ascertained—no secret doings needing to be inves tigated. It is not knowledge, but fairness, that is wanted. In the other main feature of his proposals we altogether concur and we trust Lord STRATHEDEN will use his powerful logic wi:l the Upper House to convince it. " That, to at tempt a general amendment of the system, with a view to rest and perpetuity, and at the same to deny vote by ballot in election either wholly or partly, absolutely or conditionally, seems to be a course more adapted to excite popular resentment than to assuage uneasiness existing in the body of the people." Now for the real tug of war. The Treaty and Budget have been all but carried, though two not unimportant points—the wine licenses and the paper duties —remain yet to be settled. The Bank ruptcy Bill ought not to be regarded as a party question ; it is an admirable project as a whole; lawyers on both sides have spoken well of it, and we may hope that so valuable and necessary a measure will by common consent be exempted from all the mischiefs of partisan warfare. But the Reform Bill is quite another question. The Chancellor of the Exchequer always possesses many facilities for carrying the house by storm. There are numerous members on both sides who can hardly be brought by their own party to vote against any budget; the money must be had, and no one likes to refuse. Quite the oppo site is the case with any " Poor little Bill" on Representative Reform. Almost every member has something to say against it. Hardly one is there who does not think it goes too far or not far enough, hardly one who does not question whether it leaves his re-election as hopeful as it was before ; and not one who would not most thankfully put off sine anno, the passing of a Re form Bill—especially is he unwilling to help one forward, which, in addition to all unpleasant possi bilities, has this most unpleasant certainty, that the year of its passing must be followed by a general The annual report of Dr. LETITEB Y on the sani ts:rY co non di t t h io e n c o o f mm th i e ssi C on it e y of rsof L s o e n w do er n s , , j h u a s s t s pre ohae po;nts of interest. It is especially deserving the attention of all who occupy themselves in the con sideration of questions of sanitary reform, and many topics which it touches upon are highly suggestive. On the whole, Dr. LETIIEBY considers the state of the city health to be favourable, as the death-rate only amounts to 22.4 per 1,000 of the population, whereas in other large towns it is Eearly 26. The mortality, it seems, is very unequally divided a mong the different districts. In the western divi sion it has been as h i g h as 27 3 ; i n theeastern, 26.5; and in the central, only 19.8. Consequently, according to these statistics, while 1 in 44 have died in the whole city, 1 in 36 have died in the western districts, 1 in 33 in the eastern, and only 1 in 56 in the central. As may be supposed, those dis tricts where the death-rate is so WO are the loca lities of the poor, who hue often to contend against the evil effects of excessive labour and bad living, in addition to the ills resulting from over-crowd and want of cleanliness. Still the fact is sug gestive to the sanitary reformer, especially when the great decrease which is perceptible in the returns of mortality during the last few years is borne in mind. After giving some particulars of the mean age of death in the city, Dr. LETIIEBY goes on to say:— i" Dark, however, as this picture may seem to be election. With all these disadvantages, then, on all sides, the " tug of war" will now begin. All the Tories hostile for Toryism's sake, most of the Whigs hos tile because almost obliged to support what they will defend, not for Whiggism's sake but for the reputation of Whiggism. All the Radicals, only half-friendly, if so much as half, bQcause the Bill does not give one half of their demands—it leaves out altogether, indeed, the greatest demand of a 11...., freedom of voting. What, then, can become of the "poor little Bill" in such a house as this ? If it be true that " where there's a will there's a way," we may be absolutely certain that the House of Commons will by some means or other find a way to get rid of the Bill with which all its members are on different grounds discontented ; and which, we are sorry to believe, a large majority of its members think goes too far for them. It is here we would join issue with the House of it is far lighter than it once was, and is brighter -than that which is still drawn of the chief towns of England and the large cities of Europe. Ten years ago the annual mortality of the city was rarely less than 25 in the 1,000 ; and we are told by the Registrar-General that the death-rate of our large towns at the present time is little short of 26 in the 1,000. Our present condition is 19 per cent. better than that ; and we owe it to the sanatory labours of the last ten years. Even five years ago, the average mortality in the city was as high as 3,190 in the year; but in the course of the last four years, since the fruits of those labours have begun to ripen, the number has fallen to an average of 2,902; and it is no small thing to have brought about the saving of nearly 300 lives in the year, and that, too, in the midst of difficul ties of no ordinary character. The chief towns of England, with their high mortality, are not subject as we are to the unwholesome influences of an ex cessive overcrowding. Here the inhabitants are so thronged together that from 131 to 291 must find room upon an acre. No such condition of things as this is forced upon the towns of England —for the density of their population is rarely above 50 on the acre—and yet their mortality ranges from 24 to 36 in the 1,000. We have reason, therefore, for congratulation that the sanatory state of the city is as good as it is, and that the untoward cir cumstances which are forced upon us by our neces sities are kept so largely in check." It appears from the earlier tables of the report that " the greatest strain upon a city life is during childhood and mature age." The mortality of children during the first few years of their exist ence is somewhat startling. During the past year the deaths of infants during the first year of their age has amounted to nearly one-fifth of all the births, 608 having died out of 3,260 born. In some parts of the City the rate of infant mortality has amounted to 22 per cent., while in the rest of London, as in all England, it is only from 15 to 15.5 per cent. These figures prove better than any arguments the fatal effects of overcrowding and want of ventilation and cleanliness on infant life. With regard to deaths at more advanced periods of life, there are other causes to consider. We must not forget that a city life is generally one of close and unremitting attention to business, often with the depressing influences of care and anxiety. Those who begrudge the city clerk or artisan his Sunday excursion to the forest or the seaside, forget what a refreshment to both body and mind is a change of air and scene—a temporary escape from. the weary routine and stifling atmosphere of their daily lives. " The conclusion from all this is," says Dr. Letheby, in summing up his statistics, " that the circumstances of a city life are peculiarly try ing, for they increase the death-rate from a nor mal standard of about 17 in the 1,000 to nearly 23 ; they double the mortality of the infant population, and shorten the period of adult life from an average age of 60 to 51." The evil, as Dr. Letheby ably proves, is self-sustaining ; it is not confined to one generation, for the conditions which enfeeble the parent, weaken the child, and the future genorations become less and less able to contend against the deleterious agencies. The great in fluences which shorten a city life, according to his theory, are those which check the healthy nourish ment of the body, while they yet hurry forward the movement of the vital powers. Thus mental wear and tear and excessive demands upon the nervous energy are too often accompanied by circumstances which depress and exhaust the physical forces The able and intelligent framer of the report is not one who contents himself with statingthe self-evident and immediate causes of disease and mortality; he aims at discovering the influences which are secretly at work, predisposing the sufferer to succumb unresist ingly to some pressing evil. The time is not far off, in Dr. LETHEBY'S opinion, when it will be thought necessary to extend the researches of sani tary science beyond its present area. It may be long, perhaps, before it will be able to deal as suc cessfully with these more hidden but equally sinis ter influences as with the more apparent evils re sulting from over-crowding, dirt, and a deficient and impure supply of air and water. It is, however, comparatively but a short time since the sad results of the infraction of these important laws of nature were looked upon as uncontrollable, and we have therefore grounds for hoping that the injurious effects we see spreading around us of that high pressure system, which is the growing characteristic of our age, may yet be counteracted and modified by a more advanced state of sanitary inquiry, and a greater diffusion of well as of physical s th ci e enc p e r . inciples of mental as LATESI _NEWS. The following telegrams hare been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, APRIL 16. The Moniteur publishes the following despatch, dated NICE, SUNDAY, 3 P.M. At one o'clock p.m. to-day, out of the total num ber of 7,000 voters, 5,000 had already registered their votes. The news from the neighbouring communes is excellent. The voting in favour of annexation to France is unanimous. GENEVA, APRIL 15. Yesterday evening (Saturday), a Genevan depu tation representing all parties presented Sir Robert Peel with a testimonial, consisting of a cup and a rifle. The most cordial expressions were ex changed. Sir Robert Peel promised the support of England for the preservation of the independence and neutrality of Switzerland. The deputation expressed their thanks to the English Ministry and Parliament. GENEVA, APRIL 16. In Switzerland the agitation upon the question of Savoy is increasing. On Saturday and Sunday evening numerous meetings took place at Thun, Winterthur, and other places. The most important were th . ose held at Olten and Lausanne. An extraordinary envoy will be sent to Berlin MARSEILLES, APRIL 14. According to letters received here, the insurrec tion at Messina broke out on Sunday evening last. The popular movement commenced by shots being fired in the Strada Ferdinanda ; pieces of furniture were thrown from the windows upon the troops. An agent of the Menagerie Imperiale, and several sailors, who had disembarked from the packet Me andre, were exposed to the fire of musketry, and one of the sailors was wounded. The French consul made representations to the Governor. The firing of musketry and several cannon shots were heard during the night. The Governor threatened to bombard the city should resistance continue to be offered. The principal inhabitants of the city then interfered, and obtained that the police, the prin cipal cause of the popular irritation, should be re moved. The troops made themselves masters of all the positions in the town, and part of the insur gents withdrew into the country. On Monday evening the Meandre left Messina with despatches from the French consul. All is over. Further details will be shortly re ceived. MARSEILLES, APRIL 14. The packet from Naples brings an official report affirming that tranquillity reigns at Palermo. This report says nothing of Messina. The next picket will not reach Marseilles until Monday evening next. His Excellency the Prussian Minister and the Countess de Bernstorff have returned to Prussia House from visiting Lady Marian Alford, at Ashbridge Park. His excellency and the countess will leave town to-day on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort, at Bad minton. TURIN, APRIL 15. The cession of Nice to France was an absolute necessity for Piedmont, in order to obtain from Napoleon 111. the guarantee of Lombardy and the Duchy of Parma. This guarantee appeared to be expressed in a secret article of the treaty of the 24th March last, relative to the cession of Savoy and Nice. France has, however, refused to guarantee to Piedmont the other annexed provinces, viz., Tus cany and the Legations. His Excellency the Earl of Carlisle arrived at Stafford House on Friday night from Dublin, to stay a few days with the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland. The Lord Chancellor bas arrived at Stratheden House, Knightsbridge, from his seat in Roxburghshire. The Duke and Duchess of Wellington will return to Apsiey House, on Wednesday, from Strathfieldsa* where they have been passing the holidays. The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough arrived in St. James's-square on Saturday evening from Blenheim Palace, near Woodstock, for the season. TURIN, APIL 14. In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies, Signor Ridjouse made an interpellation referring to the late events in Sicily. Count Cavour, in his reply, considered'a discussion on the subject both useless and dangerous ; he further stated that the Neapolitan Government was occupied in the inte rior, and concluded by saying, " Our fellow-citi zens are continuing the struggle." On the report of the committee in reference to a petition from some inhabitants of the Northern province of Savoy, requesting liberty and latitude in voting upon the question of annexation, the Chamber, by a large majority, passed to the order of the day. The Chamber was then prorogued until the Ist of May. The number of deputies who have inscribed their names to accompany the Xing on his tour through Central Italy has been increased by 110. The Duke and Duchess of Argyll, accompanied by the Marquis of Lorn and their youthful family, arrived at their villa at Campden-hill, Kensington, on Saturday, from passing the holidays at Weymouth. ROME, APRIL 14. The-Duke of Newcastle and Lady Susan Pelham Clinton come to town to-day from Clumber Park, Notts, for the season. The Duke of Bedford has been sworn in High Steward of Cambridge, is the room of the late Lord Ma. caulay. General LamoriciAre, in his quality of commander in-chief of the Papal troops, only relieves the Pope, and not Cardinal Antonelli, of the presidency of the War Department. The cardinal 'having, however, insisted on leaving the military administration, is about to be replaced by a French general, a friend of General Lamoriciere; VIENNA, SUNDAY. The Iklarquis and Marchioness of Downshire return to their mansion in Belgrave-square to-morrow, from East Hampstead Park, Berks, where they have been pass ing the holidays. The assembling of a conference, as demanded by Switzerland, for the settlement of the affairs of Savoy is very doubtful, as, without France, Russia and Austria decline to enter any conference ; Aus tria adding that if a congress takes place, its pro gramme must be determined beforehand. The Earl and Countess of Malmesbury have arrived in Whitehall Gardens, from Heron Court, their seat in Hants. The following are the ideas of Austria on tha Viscount Palmerston comes to town to-day from Brocket Hall. Her ladyship will not return to Cambridge House until Thursday. Lord Stanley of Alderlev has arrived at l.'s resi dence in Dover-street, from Alderley Park, Cheshire. THE QUEEN.—We believe there is a probability of her Majesty's paying a short visit to Balmoral in tho month of May. We do not announce this as an arrange ment positively determined on, but we learn that the Queen is anxious to see the Highlands in the spring; and that a sort of conditional promise was given, that her Majesty would visit Scotland during the spring. We may there fore, perhaps, hear that her Majesty has determined to spend her birthday this year at Balmoral. There is nothing in the Court arrangements announced to prevent its being accomplished.—Court Journal. head : The fundamental intention of the Congress of Vienna, in neutralising the districts of Chablais and Faucigny, was to protect Switzerland and Sardinia from the preponderance of France. The moment the whole of Savoy is incorporated with the French empire, there is no further reason for the neutra lisation of Chablais and Faucigny, and the guar anteed stipulation by the treaties.' of Vienna can no longer be applied. The only real way by which the difficulties of the question could be removed is by a direct under standing between France and Switzerland, for which the other great Powers Would offer their good offices. PARIS, SUNDAY. The Moniteur of to-day publishes a decree reduc ing by one centimetre the minimum height required for recruits. -- DEATH OF LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR HENRY E. BUNBUILY, BkliT., K.C.B.—We have to record the de mise of the above venerable baronet, who expired at an early hour on Friday morning at Barton Mall, Suffolk, at the advanced age of 82 years, having been born 4th May, 1775. A communique has been addressed to the Union and to the Guyette de Franco, which recommends a more respGctful treatment of international ques tions, and states that "these journals, in designat ing the Count de Montemolin as Charles VI., thus ignore the constitutional rights of the Queen of Spain, which have been recognised by all Europe, DEATH OF A WELL-KNOWN ACTUARY.—We rogret to announce the death of John Finlaison, Esq., the celebrated actuary and Governmmt calculator. He died on Friday morning, at his residence, at Notting-hill, in his 77th year, nearly 50 of which were spent in the Govern ment service. DIPLOMATIC APPOINTMENTS.—Mr. J. S. Lumley now Secretary to her Majesty's Mission at St. Petersburg. is appointed Secretary to the British Embassy at Constan tinople, in the room of Mr. Alison, appointed to succeed Sir Henry Itawlinson as Minister at the Persian Court. Mr. E. S. Erskine, now Secretary of Legatisn at Stock holm, is appointed Secretary of Legation to the Mission at St. Petersburg. Mr. Edwin Corbett, who was Secretary to the late Mission at Florence, is appointed Secretary of Legation at Stockholm. CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 14. Religious disturbances broke out here on Easter Sunday, and continued on the Greek Good Friday, when the Greek procession was insulted. Eggs were thrown from the windows. A catholic house, which was suspected, has been destroyed. Further disturbances are expected on Sunday next. The police have taken precautionary measures. The affair has no political importance. FRANCE. It was mentioned a few days ago that the Em peror Napoleon had approved the model of a gun boat constructed on a system to be propelled with out steam, and has ordered boats to be built on this plan. The power which is intended to be sub stituted for steam is hot air. It will produce as much rapidity and be far more economical than steam. It is calculated. that the yearly saving in the cost of fuel for the French navy will be about 80,000,000 f.—indeed, that the combustible used for cooking on a voyage will nearly suffice to propel the vessel, and boilers will be dispensed with. The experiments have succeeded so well that in addi tion to the gunboats now nearly completed a large vessel, the Reine Hortense, will be fitted to receive the new machinery. The inventor of this power, which may effect another revolution in navigation, is a French engineer employed at Lyons. The machinery, which has been made at Lyons, is soon expected in Paris. Great results are anticipated from the invention. The Paris flour-market was heavy last week, and sales difficult, in consequence of the large quantity in store. Wheat, on the contrary, was firm, without much variation in price. The telegraph has given the prices at the provin cial corn-markets, held yesterday :—" Arras.—The market was small, and Wheat rose 50c. the hecto litre." " Chartres.—Market badly supplied ; both wheat and oats have risen." " Dijon.—No varia tion in prices —wheat, 27f. the 100 kilogrammes ; oats, 17f." " Metz-406 hectolitres of wheat sold at 26f. 90c. the 100 kilogrammes." " Orleans. — An ordinary market; prices firm." There was not much business transacted at the wine-market of Bercy last week. The cold weather has had an in jurious effect on sales. Prices, nevertheless, are firm. The lowest price for ordinary wine is from 40f. to 42f. the hectolitre, to which an octroi duty of 191. 65c. the hectolitre is to be added on its entrance into Paris. The Poissy cattle market was not well supplied with beef on Thursday. There were 1,689 oxen offered for sale, of which 1,539 were sold at from lf. 10c. to lf. 38c. the kilogramme ; 442 cows, of which 242 sold from 96c. to lf. 32c.; 11,878 sheep, of which 11,571 sold from lf. 48c. to lf. 72c.; 904 veal calves, of which 596 sold from lf. 47c. to if. 87c. The qua lity of the oxen was not as good as usual, and good beef was sought for at higher prices than the pieceding week. The cows likewise were very inferior in quality. The sheep, of which many of them were shorn, sold well. Palace on the square, followed by a certain num ber of old-fashioned sedan chairs, which were car ried along in reserve for the Queen and Princesses in case of fatigue. The whole procession, describ ing a semicircular curve, moved along one side of the square up to the Church of San Ferdinando, where the people subsequently had a sight of the decora tion on the chief altar piece. It was a transparent painting, a copy of Raffael's magnificent transfigu ration, very well lighted up from behind, and pro ducing a fine effect. " There was of course a large concourse of people on the Place, but not half so many as one might have expected on such an occasion. Not one cheer, nor did the bystanders take off their hats as the Royal cortege passed, with the exception of the occupants of some of the balconies. The Royal pair look sad enough; it might have been in honour of the day, but the news from Sicily that morning was surely of a nature sufficiently depressing. " This morning has brought additional informa tion. There appears to be a general rising, and the fighting has commenced in right earnest. Then, again, the monks are supposed to go with the popu lar feeling. The rioters having made their way into a convent adjoining the town (Palermo), they were followed by the military, who set fire to the house, pillaged the church, and carried away as prisoners a number of the friars. Some, indeed, were killed, fighting, it is said. It is stated that there was an under standing between the townsmen and the country people. The town, at any rate, is in a state of siege. The bakers have stopped, or been compelled to stop bak ing; all access to the town being denied, the inhabitants werr_ in fear of being left without provisions. This morning three or four vessels carry ing troops and ammunition were despatched hence at an early dawn. It is supposed that previous to the firing certain incendiary proclamations were in circulation, emanating from the usual quarter, and setting forth the praises of the Subalpine demigod. This, however, I gave as a rumour, for the truth of which I do not vouch. The Moniteur publishes official returns showing that the assessed taxes collected during the first three months of the present year amount to 263,162,060 L, being an increase of 3,558,000 f. as compared with the corresponding period of 1859, and of 2,056,000 f. as compared with the correspond ing period of the year 1858. A Marseilles letter gives the following informa tion :—" The recent attempt of Gen. Ortega has given rise to an inquiry on the part of the authori ties here, which has clearly established that our shipowners had no concern whatever in the expe dition, the responsibility for which at first appearea to fall partly on the persons who had hired out the Huveaune steamer. This vessel had been chartered for a month, at the price of 15,000 f. Coals to the amount of 15,000 f. were to be purchased, and the Fraissinet Company was to receive notice as to the continued hiring of the ship a fortnight before the expiry of the term assigned. Onerous as these terms appear, they were immediately accepted by the hirers, to the great surprise of the owners, who were astonished to see them admitted with so little hesitation. The money was paid down at once. The supercargo of the vessel was sent to ask whe ther it would be possible to sail on any given day and at any hour. He was informed that, as all the for malities had been duly attended to, the vessel might go to sea at any hour of the day or night, provided the captain was advised in time. On March 24 it was asked whether the passengers could then be taken, and an affirmative answer being given during the night of the 25th the captain of the Huveaune was directed to get up his steam. At five o'clock in the morning the vessel left the port of Joliette with five passengers, three of whom had French passports, and of the other two one had an English one, and the ether a Parma one. These individuals, who were evidently persons of high rank, had been waited for at Marseilles by a person recently arrived from Paris. There is reason to think that General Elio, Cabrera's brother-in-law, and perhaps also the Count of Montemolin, were two of these unknown personages. On the 25th, the weather being rough, the vessel was compelled to change her course, and made for Cette, where the supercargo, under the pretext of sea-sickness, transferred all his powers to a Spanish refugee, named Cazanova. The Huveaune then steered for the Balearic Isles, instead of going direct to Africa to fetch oxen, as had been pretended. At Majorca, the vessel was placed at the disposal of General Ortega, who sent it to San Carlos de la Rapita. It was expected that the vessel would be seized, but it was not, as the captain has addressed a telegraphic despatch to his owners, stating that he was proceeding to Oran after conveying troops from Tortosa to Valencia for the Spanish Government. The captain most pro bably proved that he had acted with perfect good faith, which would explain why it was thought proper to make use of his ship at a critical mo ment." BOURSE, April 14.—The market has been heavy, and prices looking down. Threes have been done at 70f. 15c., and are now at 70f. ; Mobilier varied from 792 f. 50c. to 785 f. ; Austrian, 528 f. 75c. to 525 f. ; Lombard, 543 f. 75c. to 544 f. 25c. ; Orleans, 1355 f. to 1350 f. ; Geneva, 452 f. 50c. to 445 f. ; Lyons, 936 f, 25c. to 937 f. 50c. ; Northern, 965 f. to 960 f. The following are the last quotations : 41 per Cents. 96 25 Do. end month 96 30 3 per Cents 7O 3 Do. end month 7O 25 Bank Shares 2BOO Credit Mebilier Do. Account 795 Credit Fonder 802 50 Belgian 4t Piedmonteso (5) Roman — Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt .45 50 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern 965 968 75 New ditto B7O 875 Lyons and Mediterranean 942 50 .. 945 Geneva 442 50 .. 4.50 Southern Westet n 575 572 50 Eastern Sardinian 412 50 . . 412 50 Austrian Lombard ... Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 16c. ; money, 25f. 15c. ; three months, paper, 24f. 85c. ; money, 24f 821 c. NAPLES. " Amid this stirring and ominous intelligence I could not help being amused by the account of the chivalrous enterprise of the Spanish pretender. We all supposed he had made his peace some months ago (it was Sebastian, the cousin of the Count de Montemolin, who recognised Queen Isa bella, and tendered his allegiance to her Govern ment), "and as you know was travelling on the Continent. He was expected back, as his arrival at Trieste was announced here during the winter. What a time to select ! Just when his Royal cousin's popularity must be shining brilliantly under the trophies of the Mauritanian campaign. It was announced yesterday by a telegram received at the Spanish Legation here, that this prodi gious blunder has really been committed. A traitor was even found among the Generals who volun teered his services on the occasion. The soldiers were, however, true to their colours, and as soon as they understood what was plotting around them they would have nothing to say to it; but I take for granted you know all about the matter already. " With regard to the Sicilian business some curi ous details are given. The rising was expected by the police, who took advantage of the information, and it is said commenced by firing at inoffensive and peaceable residents, who were remaining quietly at home. A female servant in the act of shutting the windows, received a ball in the chest. Foreigners and bankers have hastened away from the scene of contention. " Cardinal Antonelli is determined to make a clearance for the French General. He is arresting everybody. No able-bodied citizen feels secure." A private letter from Naples, dated the 6th inst., mentions as follows : " I am not aware that the Pope's bull has done much harm hitherto except to those who launched the thunderbolt; it will probably recoil on them selves, and may be followed by a religious schism. The clergy in Italy have advanced too far on the popular side; they cannot recede. As for the religi ous communities —the friars, blue, black, and gray, are always, and ever have been, led along with the crowd. In the army the bull will only hasten the withdrawal of those officers who belong to the an nexed provinces. Of this disposition to retire there is little doubt, and it may be questioned whether Lamoriciere, with all hieenergy, will succeed in checking the general tendency. " Yesterday took place a most curious and inte resting procession. For the first time, I believe, since 1848, the Court sallied forth in state to visit the churches. The young Queen was in full dress, with a large train of black velvet, and a dress co vered with black lace, and wearing en her head the Spanish mantilla. She walked by the side of his Majesty, preceded by the chief officers attached to the Royal service, civilians and military, all in full costume ; a large display of the body guard, and uniforms of every fashion ; the gay pages ia their Spanish attire; and all the ladies of the Court following, close in attendance, with their black velvet trains, in honour of the day; but with coloured ribands or flowers in their hair in order to mark the absence of Court mourning. It really wvu gorgeous sight. The cortege issue 4 from the SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the 9th record the prod sentation to the Queen of numerous additional ad dresses from public bodies, and from bishops and chapters, denouncing the attempted rising of Ortega. A new insurgent band of 12 men had appeared between Sueldon and Molina. The authorities of Tortosa and of the province in which the town is situated, had agreed in reporting that they were convinced that Count de Montemolim and the Infante Don Fernando were with Ortega, and that they took to flight. Ortega's corre spondence had been seized. The .IVadrid Gazette publishes the following despatch received by the Minister of War from the General-in-Chief of the army of Africa, dated from the camp of Tetuan !--• " According to accounts which have reached this place the Emperor of Morocco has completely ap proved of the conduct of Prince Abbas. The latter has dismissed all the Kabyles, keeping only 1,000 men as an escort. The news of the peace has been received with the greatest joy in the principal towns of the empire." Muley Abbas is stated to have caused to be be headed eight Moors, for having fired on or pillaged Spaniards since the conclusion of peace. AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, APRIL 15. The royal mail steam-ship Canada, Capt. Lang, which touched yesterday at Queenstown, arrived here this evening. QUEENSTOWN, APRIL 15. The royal mail steamship Africa arrived here ai 2.50 p.m. to-day, embarked mails and passengers and sailed for New York at 6.30 p.m. All well. QUEENSTOWN, Armor, 13. The Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia Com.. pany's screw steamer City of Manchester, Captain Cummings, from New York on the 31st ultimo, hail arrived. LATE WILLS AND BEQUESTS. Dowager Lady Cowley—The will and two codicils of the Right Hon ;Georgiana Charlotte:Augusta Baroness Cowley were proved in London on the 2d April by the Most Noble the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., the brother, Viicount Cranborne, the nephevr, and the Hon. and Very Rev. Gerald Wellesley, Dean of Windsor, the joint acting executors ; the per sonalty sworn under £12,000. Her ladyship has bequeathed to her only daughter, the Right Hon. Georgiana Charlotte Mary, wife of his Excellency the Right Hon. Sir Henry Lytton Earle Bulwer, G.C.8., P.C., her Majesty's Ambassador at Con stantinople, all her jewellery, plate, paintings , books, Sevres, Dresden, and ornamental chink articles of vertu, and curiosities; and has directed that all the rest of her property (saving some legs:, cies by codicil) shall be invested in the purchase of an annuity for her life and for her sole and separate use. By her first codicil her ladyship has bequeathed to her nephew, Lord Eustace Gascoyne Cecil, .£ 5 l worth of London and Brighton Railway shares ; and by her second codicil she leaves to her old and faith' ful servant Mary Smith a pension of 14s. per weelc for her life, to be paid out of her shares la the Continental Gas Company. The will bear s date June 29, 1857 ; first codicil, Decemb er, 1858 ; second codicil, Fb. 8, 1859. Lady Cowley. was the eldest daughter of James, first Marquie 0,1 Salisbury ; was born March 20, 1786 ; and marr ied Feb. 27, 1819, Henry, Lord Cowley, who died ill Paris in April, 1847. Baron Watson—The will and codicil of Sir li r * H. Watson, one of the Hon. the Barons of her Ma: jesty's Court of Exchequer at Westminster, has jobs.! been administered to in the London court by la' son, J. W. Watson ' Esq., and the personalty swo rn under £50,000. The will is very short, and writtea entirely in his own handwriting, but without date, yet it is known to have been made on or about Aug' 31, 1850. There is also a codicil dated Oct. 1 . 859 He leaves his law books to his son John Williare, and all his other books he leaves to his son Williata Henry, and also leaves to him his Bermuda medals 3 sword, and guns (Sir William was formerly in th,. army at India), and also leaves him his best watc h ' The residue of his property he leaves as follows .. One moiety to his son John absolutely ; and of t . li n e other moiety the principal to be invested and th . e,l so terest and dividends arising therefrom to be pal? tol' his wife for life, and at her decease the prinell?t r , become the property of his said son William£lllo7 000 absolutely. The codicil refers to a sum of , _ under marriage settlement of his son John, to out of his estate. He has left to his clerk, Lancelly, if with him at the time of his . d t Buller, 56, Lincoln's-inn-fields, and S. guy of £3OO. The witnesses to the wilsleasreutJt.o4--) his clerk.—lllustrated London Neu's._ • LARGE STEAM CYLINDER.---A few days ag ° ,,V l oscillating steana cylinder weighing 30 tons was s uc ' c iii; fully cast at the Bowling Ironworks near Bradford. 12ft. cylinder is Bft. 2in. diameter, Ilft. lin. in length, and Bin. in width across trunnions, with steam chests and. bottom. Upwards of 40 tons of metal were prep 103194 furnaces. The cylinder, when bored and finished, Is int Q . to be placed in a oteain-youel building the th kfi to. bt b I Of as s lift] of e: rea( Zeri Per per Pan Pren toriE In 'War( and t. ua ve Wes los, T 1 als o Ven real havl Trn : Can rem ; decl of / 1 Stea Di , ',Att.( n ii .., t , 4 kacl Foi l 13iiel Di Chili Di his: 0 Di Qard isPat A4tc Di