The Sun. — London, England, 1858-11-19 00:00:00

NEW SUBMARINE CABLE. There is nothing whichillustrates so forcibly t complete infancy of the science of submarine tele graphy as the important discoveries and.improve ments which are daily taking place in all that re lates to it. Morse's recording telegraph, with its cumbrous modes of signalling, is not long for the present age, and hardly has the printing telegraph been made known ere a code of signals is being arranged which promises to develope to the gre atest extent of which it is capable the rapidity of transmitting messages in any language by a few short signals. Most of our readers will recollect the objections which have been urged, on mechanical grounds, over and over again, against the principle • ple of havpig submarine cables covered with wire in spiral folds. The inconvenience and risk of such a method have been generally admitted —the greatest being the liability of the wire either to become untwisted or form " kinks." A simple arrangement to obviate all these difficul ties has now been brought forward in a patent rope by Messrs . Stevenson and Binks, which so adds to the lightness and strength of the cable, and so ad mirably facilitates the work of submerging, that it appears astonishing why it was never thought of before, especially as its principle of construction has been known for five or six years at least. The improvement simply consists of plaiting the outer covering of wires in a braiding machine, precisely in the same manner with wire as sashline or pic ture-cord is made withcotton. A plaited submarine cable made on this plan, and closely woven, has its outer 'covering wound round it with the firmness and almost the closeness of a gun-barrel, while by regulating the size of the wires used an ample de gree of flexibility is secured, especially as a rope so made cannot -possibly form in kinks, as is the case with those enclosed in the spiral strands. The spe cimen which has been made consists of 12 plaits, each plait being composed of six galvanised iron wires of No. 15 gauge. The diameter of the whole wire is an inch, its weight is as slight as that of the Atlantic cable, while its cost is very little more, though by the plan of plaiting the wires its breaking strain is increased to no less than 7+ tons. One of the strongest objections which was urged against the Atlantic cable by every engineer of note was the certainty of the outside spiral wires stretching under ',tension, while the gutta percha could not. It was contended that the effect of any severe strain must break the insulation in minute plucts, and of course, expose the conductor to all those electrical derangements which, from some cause or other we have recently seen the Atlantic cable undergo. None ever attempted to deny that this mechanical defect in the principal of the outer spiral wires was really of the most serious kind, and it was only met by saying that a cable so covered should not be exposed to strain of any kind. In a plaited wire the only effect of- the strain would be to compress to the utmost the inner core and con ductor without the least possibility of elongating them. In the specimen of which we speak, an inch in diameter, the outer wires are plaited so completely round that the section shows them resting as one piece, and thus in the centre, instead of one con ductor, ample room is left for four. These are in sulated not by gutta percha, as has hitherto always been the case, but with indiarubber. This, though electrically speaking a worse insulator, possesses many peculiar and important advantages, the greatest being that it is totally impermeable to water under any pressure. Of course it would be impossible to coil a submarine cable made with a plaited outer covering, and it would have to be stowed in a vessel in straight lines, running fore and aft. This, however, would be no disadvantage —on the contrary, in many cases it would be de cidedly preferable, and the only reason which up to the present time has made it . absolutely neces sary to coil all submarine cables is their extreme liability to "kinks" in any other mode of stowage —a liability which even the coiling often fails to overcome. All risk from a foul wire breaking and stripping the cable would be equally done away with on the new principle. In every point of view, therefore, as regards strength, lightness, durability, capacity for carrying several conductors, and free dom from almost all the accidents to which past submarine cables have been exposed—the plaited wire covering is the greatest improvement which has yet been made. Of course, according to the size and strength of the wire required, the number of plaits may be varied from six to twelve, while the size of the wires themselves regulates the amount of flexibility of the whole. THE RIGHTS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—I have observed in various newspapers that discussions have taken place in refe rence to an application made by me to the Dudley magistrates, on behalf o Mr. Timothy Solomon, that he should be allowed to exercise the trade of a victualler without a licence, on the ground that he is the son of a soldier who served in the army for five years between the years 1802 and 1816. The act of Parliament under which I made the application is the 56 Geo. 111., c. 67, the preamble to which act is as follows : " Whereas there have been and are divers officers, mariners, soldiers, and marines, who have served his Majesty in the late wars by sea and land, some of whom are men that used trades, others that were apprentices to trades who have not served out their times, and others who by their own industry have made themselves apt and fit for trades, many of whom, the wars being now ended, would willingly employ themselves in those trades which they were formerly accustomed to, or which they are apt or able to follow, and make use of for getting their living by their own labour, but are or may be hin dered from exercising those trades in certain cities and corporations and other places within this king dom, because of certain by-laws and customs of those places ;" for remedy whereof " be it enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in this present Parlia ment assembled, and by the authority of the same, that all such officers, mariners, soldiers, and marines, as have been at any time employed in the service of his Majesty since the 22d day of June, 1802, and have not since deserted the said service, and also the wives and children of such officers, mariners, solders, and marines, may set up and exercise such trades as they are apt and able for in any city, town, or place within this kingdom without any let, suit, or molestation of any person or persons whatsoever for or by reason of the using of such trade." The words " because of certain by-laws and cus toms in those places" appear to be the stumbling block upon which such diversity of opinion arises, but when it is remembered that the statute gives a right to the children of soldiers to carry on trade, the question presents itself as to what local hin drances existed to prevent such children from carrying. on any trade which any other person might do ? If the hindrance meant merely the want of citizenship, the statute would have been explicit on that point, and yet it is per fectly silent on the subject ; and I know of no other local hindrances to any trades not requir ing licenses, except those where the freedom of a city is necessary to be held by an individual trad ing within such city boundary. Is it reasonable to suppose that an Act of Parliament would have been passed to enable soldiers and others men tioned therein to commence trading without being citizens ? Surely such could never have been the intention of any Government, especially when pressed by the numbers of soldiers and others dependent for support upon it, and thrown out of employ immediately the war of 1815 had terminated. In the first section of the 56th Geerge 111., 67, are these significant words— " shall not be sued, impleaded, or indicted in any court whatsoever within this kingdom for using or exercising any such trades as aforesaid." Whatin dictment could lay for any infringement for want of citizenship ? None. But an indictment could have been prosecuted for carrying on any prohibited trade requiring a license, or for non-payment of governmental rights. If the question rested here, I do not think any common sense view of the meaning of Government (bearing in mind its liability and difficulty to provide for soldiers, &c.) could be so confined and limited as to narrow the meaning of the words " by-laws and customs" to mere focal hindrances ; yet, had this been the intention of the framers of the statute, it has signally failed, for the 4th section of the 56th Geo. 111., c. 67, enacts— " See. 4. Provided always that this act shall not be in anywise prejudicial to the privileges of the Universities of Cambridge or Oxford, or either of them, or extend to give liberty to any person to set up the trade of a vintner, or to sell any wine or other liquors within the universities, without license first had and obtained from the Vice-Chan cellor of the same respectively." The exception in this section proves the rule, for what necessity was there to prescribe the right to set up the sale " of wine and other liquors" within the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge without a license, unless every other place was excluded from the prohibited " local hindrances ?" Take the converse of the 4th clause of the statue with a view to test the correctness of the interpretation put upon the entire act by several learned magistrates. Suppose the statute had said any person might sell "wine and other liquors" within the juris diction of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge could any reasonable mind doubt that it was in tended to exclude all other places ? If not, every fair construction of law and common sense must mean that " wines and other liquors" may be sold elsewhere than within the prohibited places. It may at the present time be highly inconvenient to grapple with the difficulty, but the privilege does exist, and 'must be got rid of legally and not by any strained and straw-splitting construction which may be forced upon the public. Why will not those interested in the subject (and there are thousands) join together and try the ques tion? The General Licensing Act, 9th Geo. IV., repeals, eo nomine, all other acts of Parliament in reference to vintners and victuallers, except the 56th Geo. 111., c. 67 ; and as no other statute re peals it, as a consequence it is still in force. Apolo gising for intruding on your valuable space. I am, sir, your obedient servant, Birmingham, Nov. 16. JOHN SMITH. THE NAVY. It is reported at PortsraThuth that Admiral Sir G. Seymour, K.C.8., whose term of office expires at the end of the present year, will retain the com mand until the Ist of March next, to allow time for the recovery of Vice-Admiral Lord Lyons, G.C.8., &c., who has been nominated Sir George's successor. Rear-Admiral the Hon. G. Grey, Superintendent of Portsmouth Dockyard, struck his flag on board the St. Vincent, 101, Captain Eyres, C,8., yester day afternoon and went on short leave. The Rochester, Heather, master, sailed 'yester day from Chatham, with war stores for Devonport and. Pembroke Dockyards. The Aid, Grandy master, arrived at Chatham yesterday with naval stores from Devonport, and has commenced unloading at the dockyard. The following appointments have been made at the Admiralty : Mr. Heath has been appointed Staff Surgeon and Me dical Storekeeper at Jamaica Hospital. Mr. Richard D. Mason to be Staff Surgeon to the Mel ville hospital ship. THE ARMY. Yesterday orders were issued from the War De partment to the officers in command of the depots of the East India cavalry and infantry regiments at Chatham, Maidstone, Canterbury, Colchester, Buttevant, and the other, depot battalions, directing them to hold in readiness the following reinforce ments, in addition to those at present under orders for India, to embark for Calcutta, Madras, Bombay and Kurrachee, early in the ensuing month, for the purpose of augmenting the British regiments serv ing in the three presidencies :-32 men of the Ist (The King's) Dragoon Guards, 32 men of the 2d (The Queen's) Dragoon Guards, 12 men of the 6th Dragoon Guards (Carabineers), 32 men of the 7th (Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards, 32 men of the 7th Hussars, 32 men of the Bth Hussars, 12 men of the 9th Lancers, 20 men of the 12th (Prince of Wales's) Royal Lancers, 12 men of the 14th Light Dragoons, 32 men of the 17th Lancers, 12 men of the Ist batt. 3d Buffs, 20 men of the Ist batt. sth Fusiliers. 20 men of the Ist batt. 6th Foot, 24 men of theist batt. Bth (The King's), 1 man of the Ist batt. 24th, 28 men of the 27th (Enniskillens), 12 men of the. 29th,. 58 men of the 31st, 16 men of the 35th (Royal Sussex), 16 men of the'37th, 12 men of the 42d (Royal Highlanders), 16 men of the 48th, 32 men. of the 56th, 15 men .of the 57th, 14 men of the 69th, 1 man of the 70th, 20 men of the 71st (Highland Light Infantry), 20 men of the 73d, 17 men of the 74th (Highlanders), 30 men of the 75th, 26 men of the 79th (Highlanders), 18 men of the 81st, 12 men of the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers), 30 men of the 88th, 16 men of the 89th, 20 men of the 94th, 14 men of the 95th, 16 men of the 98th, 18 men of the 99th, and 20 men of the 2d battalion Rifle Brigade. The authorities at the Horse Guards have given notice at the East India House for the required amount of tonnage to be taken up to con vey the above reinforcements to India. The troops are to embark at Gravesend, and orders have been given to each man to be supplied, previously to em barkation, w ith th e new d escr ipti on o f light cloth ing be worn in India. Each man will also be n with the Enfield rifle, in the use of which weapon they have undergone a course of instruction at the several military stations. Major tor, of the Imperial French Artillery, who was charged Ai with the presentation of the 121 b howitzer l' , at Windsor yesterday the Emperor Napoleon to the Queen, s a or, visited the mili tary establishments o t r l A roolwich. The major was accompanied by M a'ndrews, who has acted as his occasional interpreter during his sojourn in: England, and who has recentlyetion T been honoured by distincti on the Emperor with the of the riband and cross of the Legion of Honoure whole of the and field b Royal Horse Artillerybatteries were l brigaded on Woolwich - common, an through the various manoeuvres of a field -day, -which the gallant major , wearing the undress staff uniform of the Imper ial Guard, was present. were put l Y s at appearance on the ground attracted considerable attention, not only from the circumstance of his being the envoy of our 'august ally on the present interesting occasion, but also from the evident fact of his having born pan ample share in the hardships and dangers of the Crimea, having suffered the loss of his right arm at the memorable siege of the Malakhoff. From the review ground he proceeded to the Royal Arsenal to elucidate the peculiaritie s and details con• nected with the new piece of ordnance invented and preselited by:hi* Imperial master. The gun, which arrived at 'Woolwich on the preceding evening, is stored in the shed in which the funeral ear was recently housed and packed for transport to France. Some of the members of the select committee yes terday assembled there, consisting of Col. Tulloh, Col. Pickering, Captains Clark and Campbell, and were joined by Mal or:- Melchior and Andrews, when the official inspection of the Imperial present took place, which they examined with minute attention, and unanimously expressed their unqualified admi ration of the workmanship and materials composing • the entire equipment, the aggregate cost of which amounted to £l,BOO. THE HEALTH OF THE NAVE To the numerous valuable volumes of" sanitary" literature recently prrnted to the public by the Registrar-General, Es excellent coadjutor Dr. Farre, Mr. Simon, the medical officer of the Board of Health, Dr. Greenhow, Dr. Hassall (the exposer of adulterations), and other medical gcntlemen,has been added a " Statistical Report on the Health of the Royal Navy for 1856." This emanates from Dr. A. Bryson, and has been drawn up exclusively from the returns lodged in the office of the Direc tor-General of the Medical Department of the Royal Navy. The general report divides itself into a series of branch reports, so to speak, on the several stations—viz., the Home, the Mediter ranean, the West India and North American, the East Coast of South America, the Pacific, the West Coast of Africa, the Cape, the " East" Indian and China, and the Australian sta tions. The total mean force (corrected) at all these stations having been (in 1856) 51,730 ; the total number of cases on board was 73,195, the number of days' sickness on board 814,084 the number of men sick per diem 2,230.4, the ratio per 1,000 of mean force 43.2 ; the number of days' sickness in hospital 329,235; and the average number-of men daily in hospital 902, the ratio per 1,000 of mean force 17 . 4, the total average of sick per diem 3,132.4, the ratio per 1,000 of mean force 61.7 ; the number invalided 998,,the ratio per 1,000 of mean force 19.3, the number of deaths from disease 629, and from all causes 801, the ratio per 1,000 of mean force 15.5, and the number of eases per man 1.4 ; 9 were killed in action, 61 by accidental hurts, 87 were drowned, 1 was frozen, while 14 put a period to their various sufferings, and found rest in the grave by the commission of suicide. The most fatal disease in the force was fever, of which 199 cases were fatal, including 130 of yellow fever. Next to fever consumptive diseases were most fatal, the deaths being in the ratio of 2.7 per 1,000 of mean force. 21.9 per cent. of the deaths arose from dis eases of the respiratory organs, 4.9 from diseases of, the heart and arteries, and 13.4 from diseases of the alimentary canal. Dysentery is very fatal on the coast of China. The mortality in the whole force from all ordinary causes (a fact not a little surprising) very little exceeds the mor tality in civil life, thus confirming the moral of the fable of Chambaud which shows that there is no more danger in " going to sea" than in " going to bed." The aggregate loss of ser vice through wounds and sickness in the entire ser vice, estimated at 51,730 men, was about equal to 3,132 men, or 61.7 per cent., which exceeds the loss in the metropolitan and city police by a little more than one-third. This excess is not so great as might have been anticipated, considering that the seaman is more ex p ose d t o th e waxier. We are sorry to he informed, however, that with all the improve ments in the navy th-3 seaman, even when relieved and al . lowed to retire to his hammock, can seldom dry his clothes or obtain, especially in the night • time (when mostA wanted) meeani,:;America, m so regions bte, any ped passed r k ic i t n e that kind o • westward warm tward as through Europe to food or refreshment. As i regard s y e ll ow f ever . D r . Bryi on think s th at it n cholera, cradled in t yellow fever, the in the West P cculiar scourge of a few war w ill travel eastward from America, until it reaches; ° f the European fevercommunities ba settleds it on the not nkeb been introduced Ganges. Yellow introduced into any re g ion eastw ard of the Cape of l Good Hope. How long it may be excluded from Asia must depend, the doctor thinks, upon the rel. strictions imposed on infected ships sailing west ward from the coast of America to the Polynesian group of islands and thence to the eastern shores of Asia and New Holland. We commend this re port to the attention of the authorities. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NO % 7 EMBER 19, 1858. steps of his predecessors. Having spoken of the past, I will briefly allude to the future, as I do not profess to look into the seeds of time. Ever since I became possessed of this property, I have felt the necessity of a better theatre, combining modern comfort with increased powers of effect. A theatre honoured by the marked patronage of her gracious Majesty, and that real patron of the drama, the Prince Consort, ought, with the finest site in the metropolis, if not in the world, to be second to none with proper means and appliances, and these I shall strive to employ.to general satisfaction." THE GREAT BELL OF WESTMINS2ER. As, doubtless, the greater part of London is aware, the great bell addressed his vast audience from the clock tower for the first time yesterday. It is now just two years since we devoted a long article to a description of this bell and his lofty residence. Since then the poor bell has passed through hard vicissitudes. He has been broken up and melted down, but comes out after all. us Mrs. Gamp says, " like gold as has been tried in the furnidge," a purer and a better bell than ever was anticipated at the ill-omened commencement of his career. The present great occupant of the belfry is more than two tons lighter than his predecessor, whose voice was choked so suddenly in the courtyard some 300 feet below. The old bell weighed 15 tons 18 cwt. 1 qr. 221 b. ; the new one is 13 tons lOcwt. 3 qrs. and besides this improvement in weight and tone the new one is in other respects of ornamentation and design a far more imposing object than the plain-looking metal hemisphere from which it sprung. In the long dispute which at one time waged between Mr. Denison and Mr. Dent on the one hand, and the Board of Works on the other, when the latter bodyresorted to legal opinions and Parliamentary papers to get rid of Mr. Denison and Mr. Dent together, the whole affair of the clock and bells stood still, for the " Board," who seemed then, to labour under an unusually strong fit of de rangement, declined to " correspond" with Mr. Denison en the subject at all. It was during this crisis that either the clock shaft of the tower was built too small for the clock and bells, or the bells were made too large for the clock shaft ; for when the dimensions of the first bell were fixed upon it was found that he could only be got up the tower on his side—a mode that increased the difficulty of getting him up at all. The whole clock tower is divided into nine stories, exclusive of the clock room, bell-chamber, and lanterns. Each of these stories is subdivided into four, and sometimes many more apartments, which run parallel with the four faces of the tower. The inside space (within these rooms) is 2B feet square, and is occupied, first, by an air-shaft, 8 feet wide, for ventilating the whole Palace ; and, secondly, by the clock-shaft—a small inner tower of brick. the latter is 16ft. high by lift. long, and Bft. Gin. wide. This is the shaft ou whose summit the works of the clock will stand, and down which its weights will hang, and this is the narrow opening up which the great bell has re cently been hoisted to the belfry above the clock chamber. It follows, however, as a matter of course, that, as the bell is nine feet six inches in diameter at the mouth, though only [seven feet ten inches high, it had to be taken up lying on its side length ways in the shaft. The scaffolding for raising ,it was fixed above the belfry in the lantern—a net work of beams of the most massive kind, as may be guessed when we say that 100 tons of timber were used in its construction. A powerful " crab " which had been used to haul up all the materials of the tower itself, was used to raise London's great tongue to its final resting-place. The chain employed was 1;500 feet long, and had been tested to a strain of 10 tons, which, as it was sevea times doubled, made it quite equal to a burden of 100 tons. A powerful cradle of- timber was constructed, in which the bell was laid on its side, and the operation of winding up at once com menced. It was continued day and night, occupy ing eight men 32 hours, Mr. Quarm, as usual, superintending the whole operation with the same indefatigable care and skill which he has devoted to the construction of the tower throughout. When up the main difficulty . of the whole job commenced —namely, that of raising the bell from its side and slinging it, mouth downwards, in its proper posi tion. This occupied several days, as the greatest care was necessary to prevent the monstrous mass from swinging with a sudden jerk. It was, how ever, most carefully managed, and in a short time afterwards the bell was fixed without accident in a chamber where we trust it is to hang for centuries to come. The belfry of the tower is high abafe the clock chamber and dial rootiles; whence, in the midst of light stone arched open ings and gilded fretwork, the lantern springs: Here high over smoky roofs and far removed from the din of streets below, the iron voices of the metropolis are to dwell for ever. The mechanism by which the great bell and its four smaller satel lites are hung is very simple, yet admirably adapted to its purpose. A massive square collai of wrought iron boiler-plate goes round the chamber, about 14 feet from the floor, and about two feet distant from the side walls. This is supported by 12 cast-iron standards, two at each corner, and one main beam on each side of the tower, and each of -Which, rest ine• on the masonry of the walls, leans out at ail inclination of 15 degrees, and meets the _collar. Pads of vulcanised indiarubber between the collar and the standards check vibration while iron rollers at the base of the standards themselves allow the whole to play freely. The bottom of the standards, besides, is firmly bound together with wrought-iron tie-rods, in order to prevent a lateral thrust in the outer walls of the tower. Crossing the collar at right angles, and bolted to it, are two massive wrought-iron beams, one of which has been tested to 75 tons weight, and only deflected one-fifth of an inch. To this the great bell is bolted, and is as rigid as part of the tower itself. In the four corners, and similarly supported by wrought-iron bars, are the quarter bells. The first is a ton heavier than that of St. Paul's. It is 6 feet in diameter, weighs 41 tons, and its note is 13. The second is 4 feet 7 inches in diameter, 2 tons weight, and its note E. The third' is 3 feet 11 inches in diameter, 1 tons weight, and its note is F ; and the fourth is 3 feet 7 inches in diameter, 23 cwt. in weight, with a note G. All the bells are fitted with hammers ; but the great Bell in addition has a clapper of 6 cwt., which will be tolled upon the great occasion of a nation's mourn ing, and which, therefore, we trust, after the trial of yesterday, may not be heard for many and many a year to come. Except Mr. Denison, Mr. Taylor, and one or two gentlemen interested in the trial, none were present in the belfry yesterday, and indeed, nothing but a very strong interest would induce a visitor to climb the weary stairs by which the summit of the tower is gained. In the clock chamber little has been altered lately—the . same forges which were there 12 months ago seem still in use, and the same ponderous machinery of coun ter weights still marks where the minute hands are attached to the four dial plates outside. From here, looking up through the massive beams above, you catch dim glimpses of a huge iron dome. This is the great Bell, vast and gloomy-looking, as be comes the time-keeper of a great city, and one which shall only cease to record the flying hours when it announces that time has ceased for ever with the greatest of the land. Still the steps go up beyond this chamber for many a weary turn, till at last they emerge in the belfry beneath the chimes--a dull cold place, where the wind blusters in and out at will, humming mournfully amid the ironwork, whistling and rushing down the dark well stairs, and banging to the doors below with a hollow sound that comes booming slowly up the tower like peals of thunder. fere, grim-looking, cold, and stern, as becomes the presiding genii of such a place, bang the bells that are to make the laws of time for this metropolis. The great beil only was tried yesterday, and not with the hammer, but with the clapper we have mentioned. The first few strokes were feebly given to see that all was clear about the monster, and, this fact being satisfactorily ascertained, some men were set to work to pull down the tarpaulings which hung round the arches of the bell chamber to protect the workmen from the keen wind, but which on this occasion would have kept in the sound sufficiently to half-deafen all in the tower. It was impossible, however, to remove a wooden hoarding on the north side of the temporary wooden roof ( r r the bell, so that the trial was made uudcr certain disadvantages. The rope of the clapper was then passed down to the clock chamber, where Mr. Denison, setting to work with a will, made the bell speak in tones not likely to be forgotten soon by those who heard them in the belfry. The first stroke was slight, but afterwards it came peal after peal in a tremendous volume of sound that was actually painful. It seemed to swell and grow upon the air with a vibration that thrilled every bone in t e 1 tt?, 's boly with a painfi. fecl . ng, be co ning louder and louder with each gigantic clang, till one shrunk from the awful reverberations as from something tangible and dangerous to meet. Many went upon the balustrade outside the chamber to avoid the waves of sound that seemed eddying round the tower ; but the escape was only a partial relief, the 'great din seeming almost to penetrate the stone work of the battlements, and jar the very place in which one stood. The first strokes seemed to create an immens' seasation in the streets below, and upturn( d faces, dotted all Over Palace-yard, amid the rows of cabs, that looked as little as perambur lators, with a good sprinkling- of loungers who came out from Westminster-hall, at once showed the interest that was taken in the great bell's maiden speech. After the -first attempt by Mr- Denison the bell was struck slower but with greater force by two or three workmen, and this elicited the whole of his tremendous tones to the greatest extent, till the sound was something almost awful, floating about the tower and slowly dying away like the note of a soft trumpet, till it sunk to a deep rich hum that hung about the bell lung after the stroke had ceased. In Palace-yard, or still better in the Park, the harshness and uproar of the notes were modulated to a heavy deep and rather melancholy sound, not less solemn than those of St. Paul's, but infinitely fuller and grander. These experiments were not made with a view of ascertaining either the fitness or tone of the bell. These have been fully known long ago, and his note, of course, is E. The main object was to test how the collar and standards withstood the stroke, and whether they required additional fastening. The result of the first one or two blows upon the 1;11 put ihi; at rest. The bell being rigid acted like a, lever upon the collar when it was struck, and made both that and the standar& work to a degree that was unpleasant to witness. The clapper was then struck in a direction parallel with the main iron beam supporting the bell, but when heavily sounded in this manner the concussion seemed even worse, and made the cast-iron standards vibrate in the centre like tightened cords. This last experi ment was considered final, and the necessity for increased supports to the standards were at once apparent. We believe that these strengthenings will consist of wrought iron brackets passing from the collar down the main standards, which, while allowing enough play for the whole mechanism, will check the jerk of the collar on the standards, and stop a vibration which would otherwise be dangerous to the cast-iron. When this has been done the clock will be hoisted to its place, and the bells at last left to their long duties. THE NEW ADELPHI THEATRE. The playgoers of London will be gratified. to .earn that though unforeseen difficulties arose to prevent the enterprising proprietor of this esta blishment from opening its doors on as early a day as was at first intended, the works are rapidly pro gressing towards completion, and there is every reason to believe that Christmas will see Mr, Web ster—to use a homely expression—" safe through his brick and mortar." On finding that the theatre was not finished within the too brief period origi nally assigned for its construction, some of those officious medlers known in the days of the Rambler and Spectator as" quidnuncs" cast about to con jecture the possible, or, to speak more correctly, the impossible reason of the disappointment ; and., being lazy as imaginative, they never troubled themselves to inquire into the real state of the case, but drew their facts from their o.vn fertile fancies, and spread abroad a number of silly rumours which attributed the delay to any cause rather than the true one. We have express authority for the state ment that that cause is not to be w found either in any defect in the architect's design, or in any short comings on the part of the contractor, or in unsure foundations, and, least of all, in a deficiency of funds, for Mr. Webster,we are happy to know,las in his hands capital more than sufficient to make the new Adelphi the most elegant theatre in Lon don. Circumstance is, as the poet aptly phrases it, an " unspiritual god and mis-creator ' who plays sad havoc with the plans and purposes of men ; and the circumstance which retarded the labours of Mr. Webster's masons was nothing more nor less than a want of adequate space to carry on the necessary operations with the ease and promp titude which were no doubt desirable, and which might have been obtained if the site of the theatre had been placed in any less densely populated loca lity. There would be no great difficulty in erecting a theatre in the middle of Regent's-park—provided that the Crown was propitious to the project, for there the bricklayers would have elbow-room ; but it is no such easy matter for the builder to draw his lines and circles in a place like the Strand, where every square inch of ground—the streets and lanes alone excepted—is occupied by human habitations, and where the evil genius of boundaries is inces santly interposing to thwart, baffle, and impede. It is gratifying, however, to know that all the ob structions arising from these and similar causes have been now effectively surmounted, and that the day is rapidly approaching when the public will again be enabled to witness dramatic representa tions, conducted under the superintendence of one of the very best of our theatrical managers, upon a spot associated with the fame of some of our greatest actors, and endeared to the people by a thousand delightful reminiscences. The theatre, as it stood, being bounded on the south and west by buildings belonging to a variety of owners, who were unwill ing to sell, and on the north by the houses in Maiden lane for purposes of dressing-rooms, greenroom, and properties, the only possible means of extension was to the east on the site of old houses in Bullin court, purchased by Mr. Webster after a large fire which destroyed almost the whole side of the court. The length, therefore, from the back of the boxes to the back of the stage in the new theatre remains the same as in the old one, but the total width has been increased to the extent of about two-thirds of the original breadth, and has admitted of a form of auditory approaching to the semi -circle, and bring ing the largest number of persons within the least distance from the centre of the proscenium. The general dimensions of the new house are as follow: Width of proscenium, 35ft.; height do., 38ft. ; length of stage, 56ft. ; width of stage, 66ft. Gin. total length of theatre, 114 ft. 6in. ; length from back of boxes to proscenium, 48ft. ; width between boxes, 46ft. 6in. ' • height from pit to ceiling, 57ft. size of pit, 36ft. by 67ft. ; height from room under stage to joint of roof, 80ft. The above calculations, compared with the dimensions of other theatres, will afford some idea of the relative proportions of the new Adelphi. The proscenium of Her Majesty's Italian Opera is about 39ft. wide; that of the Olym pic about 28ft., while that of the late Covent-garden was 38ft. The front will be remodelled, and a handsome portico will be erected for the conveni ence of visitors. In the rebuilding and rearrangement of the seats care has been taken to give the greatest space and to ensure the utmost amount of comfort to the audience. The orchestra stalls, the saloon and dress circle stalls, and the seats in the upper boxes are all divided with " arms," and fitted with spring cushions, the space in each compartment being ample. The pit, benches, and amphitheatre stalls are also furnished with arms and have sloping _backs, and there is accommodation in seats for 1,500 spectators. The roof is of wrought iron, and all the principal bearers of the floors are of the same material. A brass railing, richly gilt, and of elegant design, will run in front of the dress circle, and the front of the upper circle of the amphi theatre stalls will be formed of a patent fibrous slab, entirely fire-proof, as at the Royal Italian Opera House. Her Majesty's box is i-1 lft. high, with a frontage of between 13ft, to 14ft., with a saloon attached. All the private boxes have a small compartment annexed to them. The precau tions against fire are numerous and ingenious. There are several escape-doors into Bullin-court, which fly open by pulling one bolt. Every stair case is fire-proof, with communications to every out let of the theatre. Tanks, with large reservoirs of water, will be fixed on the top, with hose attached, in case of need and a powerful force pump, which will derive its supply from the large well known as "Nell Gwynne's," w ill be fixed also with hose attached at the stage entrances. The ground on which the theatre is erected being the freehold of Mr. Web ster, it has been his interest to raise a structure characterised by a'degree of solidity and strength not usually found in buildings standing on lease hold property. The foundations are of great thickness, and the walls proportionately strong. The building material is entirely new, not one old brick having been used. Iron trusses have been pro vided foreach tier of boxes and for the gallery ; and, in a word, the house will be at once as strong and as pretty as the skill and taste of Mr. J. H. Wyatt, the architect can make it. The decorations have been intrusted to the very competent hands of Mr. Sang ; Mr. Parsons, the sculptor, is modelling the figures ; Mr. Phillips is engaged upon a splendid scene, which he means to contribute gratuitously as a compliment to the manager; and the design for the act-drop has been furnished by no less illustrious an artist than Mr. C. Stanfield, the Royal Academician, who desires to testify in this graceful manner to his ancient friendship for Mr. Webster. Indefatigable in his personal supervision of the works, the latter gentleman has been obliged to forego several tempt ing offers of provincial engagements. It is to be hoped, howevr, that he will soon reap the reward of his zealous attention to his arduous undertaking, for it may be confidently predicted that the new Adelphi will be opened not later, but probably sooner, than Boxing-night. Miss Woolgar returns to the former scene of her triumphs, and Mr. Toole is also added to Mr. Webster's excellmt company. Apropos of the dramatic associations connected with the site of the new theatre, it may not be out of place to reprint here the interesting observations which Mr. Webster made upon the subject in the course of the address which hedelivered on occasion of the closing of the old house : "On this very spot stood the road-side farm of the celebrated Nell Gwynne, in whose kindly heart Chelsea Hospital, that refuge for the poor worn soldier, had its origin ; under my feet is the well of pure spring water that still bears her name, and she loved to drink when halting here on her Way to the village of Charing to eat fish and curds with the Merry Monarch ; and here, after a lapse of nearly 200 years, a theatre has grown up, r."..nkin r ,m high in reputation, and honoured by the frequent presence of royalty. How it became a theatre is equally singular. It' was consequent upon True Blue,' in the year 1802, through a dye of that name having been invented by a Mr. Scott, or True Blue Scott, as he was familiarly called, which gave such a peculiarly delicious tint to the peculiarly delicious habiliments of the fair sex, that a rapid fortune was the consequence—an established fact when feminine influence is brought to bear on anything material or immaterial. True Blue' being of an imaginative turn, cast the fortune of his dye on a heap of ruins that stood or rather fell here, and raised out of them a temple of variety, wherein he had enacted a variety of entertainments that could evade the law and the monopoly of the legitimate drama. Here Miss Scott held sway with story and song, and the piano descended through a trap to make room for Frikell acts of legerdemain. Here Charles Dibdin, the bard and life of the Wooden Walls of Old England,' gave his attractive illustration of men and manners, until True Blue Scott, finding acting under a mask as profitable as his dye, threw it off for the bare-faced article, and' erected a theatre here called the Sans Pareil. Success attended this second move. It" then passed into the hands of Messrs. Rodwell and Jones of Tom and Jerry fame, who realised by that extravaganza almost fabulous sums. After then it became the property of Messrs. Terry and Yates, who kept up itanotoriety by many species of attraction, from Madle. Djick and, the Bayaderes, up to those undying dramas of Victo rine," The - Wreck Ashore,' The Pilot,' and many others too numerous to mention. When Terry ceased to be, the elder Mathews joined Mr. Yates, whose unflagging energy and judgment never ceased to gratify the public. In the course of time this freehold pet of the public ultimately -fell- into the possession of a person of whom you have pro bably heard—one Benjamin Webster, who, I trust, by Green Bushes,' The Willow Copse,' Janet Pride," The Flowers of the Forest, The Poor Strollers,' &c.&e.,has 9rndeavoured to follow in the IMPROVEMENTS IN NEIVGATE. The public is aware that the corporation of the city of London some time back voted a considerable sum of money for the purpose of remodelling a por tion of the gaol of Newgate, and carrying out the separate system of confinement, with a view to remedy the dreadful evils that resulted from the prisoners associating with each other in the dif ferent wards, and thus enabling old and hardened offenders too frequently to contaminate those with whom they came into contact who were as yet young in crime. Under the old system, forgers, burglars, highway robbers, and, indeed, all classes of offenders, were associated together; and, accord ing to the evidence of the officers of theprison, their principal amusement was in narrating to each other the crimes they had committed and devising fresh schemes of plunder ; and, from the nature of the building, it was absolutely impossible for the offi cials of the gaol effectually to put a stop to those proceedings. A short description of the alterations that have been made in the prison and which have just been completed, will not perhaps be uninteresting to the public. The part of the prison that has been operated upon is what was originally called the old north side, extending from the Old, Bailey to the east, and within the two external walls 132 cells have been constructed for the reception of prisoners before and after trial, and two which are called condemned cells. The entrance in the Old Bailey just above the governor's residence was made under the authority of Captain Williams, the late assistant-inspector of prisons, the object being to enable the van containing prisoners that were brought to the gaol to be drawn inside the building.. This was very much objected to by the gaol officials, as it was considered that it would. have the effect of exposing the entire interior of the prison, and was objectionable in many respects, and particu larly :With regard to the safety of the prisoners, and this entrance consequently has never been made use of. The new cells are erected upon five different corridors, known as A, B, C, D, and E, which are built one over another, and extend down each side of the building. A long row of neat and strong iron railings extends the whole length of each corridor, and the whole are connected by flights of iron steps. This work was delivered up in what is called " a rough state" by the contractors; and the whole of the cells, staircases, and walls have since been painted and whitewasked by the prisoners. The flooring of the corridors and the cells is of asphalte, and the whole building presents a most beautifully clean appearance. On the base ment floor there are six reception cells, in which every prisoner brought to the gaol is placed until he is seen and examined by the surgeon, and he is not allowed to be placed in his class until it is ascertained that he is in a state of health and cleanliness to allow of this being done with safety. On this floor there are also bath-rooms amply supplied with hot and. cold water, and also a steam apprratus for supply ing the whole of this portion of the prison with hot air. There are also some " punishment cells," as they are termed, but they are made upon exactly the same principle as the others, with this difference, that they are dark. It apperrs, however ; that since the alteration that has been made in the prison, and the prisoners no longer having :an opportunity of ectntaminating each other, their con duct has so much improved that it has only been found necessary to make use of the punishment cell upon one occasion and that was in the case of a very notorious thief and bad character, who, after repeated acts of insubordination, was placed in the cell for a short time, and this had the desired effect. The prisoners are classed in the following manner : —The A corridor is appropriated to the reception of boys and remanded prisoners, the B corridor to convicts under sentence and awaiting the orders of the Government for their removal, the C corridor to prisoners who are known thieves, the D corridor to prisoners who are not known to have been in prison before, and the E corridor to prisoners charged with misdemeanour, Every cell is 12ft. long, 7ft. wide, ,and about 9ft. high. The prisoners sleep in hammOcks which A t night are strapped across the cell, and during the day are neatly folded up with the bedding, which consists of a mattress, two sheets, two blankets, and a rug, and placed upon shelves appropriated to their reception. Each cell also contains a water-closet, and every conve nience for washing and cleanliness. Warm air is forced in from the steam apparatus through a grat ing on the top of the cell, and there is another grat ing oil the opposite side, by which the external air is admitted, and the prisoner has the power of regu lating the temperature of his cell by closing or opening this grating at his pleasure. Each pri soner is allowed upwards of 12 gallons of water per day. This is supplied from large tanks placed at the top of the prison, which are divided. into separate compartments, each holding that quantity of water, and which has a separate connexion with every cell. The prisoners -in the different classes are visited every morning, and also at intervals during the day by Mr. Weatherhead, the Governor of the gaol; the Rev. Mr. Davis, the Ordinary; and the surgeon or his assistant; and also by the principal warders; and if a prisoner has a necessity for assistance of any kind, he has only to turn a handle in his cell, which strikes a gong, and at the same instant a ticket with the name of the corridor and the num ber of the cell flies out, and the officer on duty sees at once where his attention is required, the whole of the corridors and the exterior of all the cells being, f om the formlf•n o? the building, within his view. The usual employment of the prisoners is that 9f picking oakum, but they are also required to clean' their several corridors and cells. A great ninny of them, however, at their own request, have been employed in working at painting, whitewash ing, &c., and for this they receive an additional allowance of food. The operations of the prison are conducted in perfect silence, and the change appears W.therto -to have been attended with the most beneficial results, old thieves, it is stated, in particular, appearing to have a great dread of being shut up by themselves, and they express them selves ready to perform any kind of labour that may be required of them rather than endure the monotony of separate confinement. The cost of the alterations, that have been made is about £15,000. GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION.—The Government Emigrant ship Vocalist, 1,004 tons, Captain IFlett, sailed from Liverpool, on Tuesday, the 16th inst., for Algoa Bay, Cape of Good Hope, in charge of Surgeon-Superintendent Patrick Culbane, with 59 married couples, 92 single men, 81 single women, 49 boys between the ages of 1 and 12, 58 girls between the same ages, 6 male infants, and 6. female, making a total of 413 souls, equal to 3471 statute adults, The emigrants who embarked in this vessel were selected by the Hon. 'William Field, the Emigration Commissioner for the Cape of Good Hope. Her Majesty's Emigration Commissioners have given notice of their intention to re ceivc,tenders next Thursday, the 25th inst., for ships to proceed to Melbourne, Victoria, and to Sydney, New South Wales, to be ready for the reception of passengers on such days as the commissioners may appoint between the Ist and 15th of January. ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—The following members of the college having undergone the necessary K.• aminatien-. were admitted licentiates in midwifery at a meeting of Vie board on the 17th inst. :—Messi s. William Edwin. Grindley Pearse, Marsh:iv-I-street, Westminster; Frederick Durriaresque Ross, Guildford; Surrey; 'George Frederick Spry, Cheltenham ; Frederick John Mason, Wisbeich, Caxnbridgeshire • Henry James Lloyd, Morn ington-place ; Matthew - Blackman, Ramsgate; Charles Wortham Pearce, P e terborough ; George Co well, I p swich ; William Paul Swain, Devonpoit ; -Thomas Bowling, Irr min,rham ; William Freeman, New York ; John Wilson, Simeoe, Canada West; Henry Debord Ward, Blyth, Noy humberland ; Alexander John Balmanno Squire, York-gate, Reg , n s `'ark; and Charles Richard Cutim • St. Miry's Hospital. Arl ,, iT 1- Hol loway's Ointment and Pills [AuvinurisE- .. have been used freely by millions of human beings of both sexes and all ages, in every part of the world, and while the public press has teemed with authenticated cases of extra ordinary cures, in a vast variety of diseases (such as indi gestion, scorbutic eruptions, and liver complaints), th ere i s no t on public hteemid a single case itt'whicli their use 164 been attended 'with bad effect. None, when using Hollo way's Ointment and Pills, need suffer the hope of cure to bo counterbalanced by the fear of injury. They are peculiarly mild in their operation, and yet they never fail to give im mediate relief, and sooner or later to effect a complete and peru a lent cure. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS, Nov. 18 The Court sat to-day at Westminster to hear an apprCAtice appeal. Mr. POUnall presided, and Mr. Simpson, Mr. H. Wyatt, and Mr. H. Maude were on the bench. In the Second Court, before Mr. Payne, on Wed nesday, Alfred Robert Baddeley surrendered,: and was tried on' a charge of assaulting Thos. Morgan. Mr. Sleigh; and Mr. F. H. Lewis were for the prosecution; Mr. Horry for the defendant. This case arose out of a distraint. The prosecutor was the, agent of a Mr. Gower, and distrained upon one Walsh, who lived in Rotherfield-street, New North-road. The defendant, it was alleged, went to the house on the 30th Sept., with three or four men hired for the purpose, to take possession, but the men were induced to leave. Subsequently the defendant returned with more men, entered the house, and turned out the prosecutor and the broker. A great crowd assembled, and while theprosecutor was standing outside his own door, 14, Rotherfield street, the defendant caught him round the neck, kicked him about the legs and other parts of the body, declaring he would strangle him. A police sergeant, 11 N, who was there, on seeing this, di rected. two constables to take the defendant, who was the worse for liquor, into custody. Witnesses were called for the defence, to show that the assault complained of occurred while the defendant was being turned out. Ultimately the jury found the defendant guilty of an assault, and he was ordered to enter into a re cognisance to appear next sessions. Catherine Lynch, 28, was indicted for unlawfully and maliciously cutting and wounding, Catherine Lynch the elder and Kate Lynch, with intent to do them grievous bodily harm. Kate Lynch deposed—l live at 22, New-end, Hampstead, and am a dressmaker. The prisoner lives in the same house. She is my sister-in-law. On the 6th inst. I went up to her room, on the first floor, and asked her for a petticoat of mine, which.. I thought she had taken, and she gave me no an swer, and seeing a dress on the bed, I took that, and said I would keep it until she gave me my pet ticoat. Henrietta Donnelly was in the room, and she struggled with me for the dress, and while that was going on the prisoner came up to me and hit me on the head with a hammer. She struck me three times so _violently that the blood spirted to the bottom of my dress. I bled a good deal, and went,to a doctor and had my head dressed. I then gave the prisoner into custody. Catherine Lynch, prisoner's mother-in-law—l am the wife of John Lynch, coaldealer, 22, New-end, Hampstead. On the 6th I was downstairs, and hearing ray daughter upstairs asking the prisoner for her petticoat, I went up and found my daughter and Mrs. Donnelly struggling for the gown. I said. it should not be taken out of the room. The pri soner took up a hammer and struck my daughter on the head with it, and she then struck me with it, also on the head. I bled a good deal. R. Lynch, son of last witness—l was standing outside the room, and saw the struggle for the gown. I saw prisoner go'to a cupboard and pick up a hammer, with which she struck my sister three times on the head. My sister ran out of the room covered with blood. I followed her down stairs a little way and went back, when I saw my mother come out of the room bleeding from thelead. The policeman stated that after the prisoner was sent to the station he looked for the hammer, and found it in the cupboard. The head of it was smeared with blood. The defence was, that Kate Lynch and her mother were the aggressors, and were very violent, and illused the prisoner a good deal. The dress which Kate Lynch took off the bed was Mrs. Don nelly's, who fought for her own property, and had her head struck with such violence that she was " u:nser, se I." Prisoner said she was beaten very much on the Wednesday before ; and on Saturday night Kate came into the room and called her some "fine names," which a decent and a modest woman would not like to be called, and said she would have her petticoat. She took Mrs. Donnelly's gown, and said she would keep it until her petticoat was given up. Mrs. Donnelly struggled for it, and both heir mother-in-law and sister-in-law took hold of her (the prisoner) by the hair of the head, and dragged her about and ill-used her. She denied having used the hammer, and declared she did not know how the bloodshed was caused. The jury found her guilty of a common assault, and recommended her to mercy. Mr. Payne told the prisoner that thongh she denied having used the hammer with such perti nacity, it was quite clear that she did so. For that he should sentence her to be imprisoned for one month. Had she ,not used the hammer the case would probably have ended very differently. They were all of a family, and had better endeavour to live in peace and quietness. Prisoner's husband (clapping his hands)—Thank you, sir, for your leniency ; it was not her fault. Thos. Edwards, 20, and Joseph Percival, 18, were convicted of robbing Daniel Stammens of a watch in the Strand, as the procession was passing on Lord Mayor's-day. Edwards took the watch and passed it to Percival. They were both known. The Court sentenced each of them to 15 months' hard labour. POLICE INT.ELLIGENCE.—Noc. 18. GUILDHALL—Two men named Howse and Payne were charged with disorderly conduct in Bride-lane, Fleet-street. Police-constable 335 said—Abont half-past 2 yes terday afternoon I saw a mob of from 30 to 40 betting men in Bride-lane, and among them were the two prisoners, fighting. I did not see them strike each other, but Payne's nose was bleeding. As soon as Howse saw me he dropped his hands, and would not have any more of it, but Payne wished to continue the fight, as he did not see me. Mr. Martin (chief clerk)—Have you seen these men before ? Officer—Oh, yes, sir ; they are there every day. Mr. Cooke, a freeholder and inhabitant of Bride lane, said,—l appear here, sir, not to punish these men in particular, but to complain of the nuisance which arises from the congregation of betting men in such a narrow thoroughfare. Bride-lane is only . about 15ft. wide and for the last 12 months the in habitants have been annoyed by the street rows got up by these betting men. As long as they merely walked up and down we thought it hardly worth while to take notice of it, particularly as the magistrates have decided upon permitting it. Mr. Jewell, one. of the churchwardens, made a similar complaint. " This morning," Rie said, " I counted as many as 105 men in Bride-lane, which will give you some idea of the extent of the annoy ance." Alderman Lawrence—lt is fortunate, prisoners, for you that the - charge is not pressed against you. sh , lll rcquiro you to enter into your own recoo ni in Llu to keep the peace. CLERKENWELL.—John H. Jones, of Brewer's yard, Islington, the owner of the new Bunhill-fields Burial-ground, Church-street, Islington ; Edward Freesdale, a, - master carman, and William Chinnery-, a driver in hiS employ, were summoned by Mr. Jos. Warr, the sanitary inspector for . and on behalf of the vestry of St. Marv, Islington, " for that they did at the New Bunhill-fields Burial-ground ' Church-Street, St. Mary's, Islington; unlawfully and injuriously commit a 'public annoyance within the said parish by placing, or causing or allowing to be placed, a quantity of rubbish in the said burial ground," • _ Mr. Layton, the vestry clerk of Islington, at tended for the prosecution. The defendant Jones did not appear ; the others pleaded guilty, and one of them stated that Jones had called upon him and asked him not to attend, as he said it was his own ground and he should do as he plot - s Al with it. Mr. Layton said the present summonses were taken out under the provisions of the sth Geo. IV., cap. 125, sec. 105, a local Act, for causing an annoyance. The burial-ground in question, which was better known as Jones's Burial-ground was, he was certain, very familiar to the parties at this court, as if • owner had been summoned here for causing a nuis _ante in removing the bodies, and the scenes that then occurred were the cause of much excitement in the public mind. The owner of the ground had mortgaged it, and the mortgagees had foreclosed. The mortgagees were a public body, and he was surpri ed at their allowing such disgraceful scenes to be carried on, but, although they had been re monstrated with, they took .no notice, but said the parish could have the ground by payino , the exor bitant sum of £2,000. By an order in Council it was directed that' the burial-ground should be closed, and that it should be covei ed with two feet of ground and with vegetation, or sown with grass seed, except that portion which was intended for walks, which portion it was directed should be covered with asphalte. Instead of doing this, the grave -Stones had been taken up and sold, and the f s rround covered with rubbish of every kind; in fact, mado a scavenger's yard .of. Scenes of the most disgraceful nature had - been carried on there, but it was not the wish of the parish to punish the workpeople, although it was supposed that all should be acquainted with the provisions of an Act of Parliament, but only to lot them know they, were doing wrong, and thus prevent their. doing so for the future, . Pirt had been heaped up as high, as the houses round. Mr. Tyrwhitt—Upon whom do you say the order in Council is made imperative ? Mr. Lay On—l take it to be the owner or tenant. He then called Mr, Joseph Warr, who said he was sanitary in was at spector to the vestry of Islington. He Jones's Burial-ground (the Now Bunhill-fielda Burial-ground, Church-street) on the 10th of this month. He saw the defendant Chinnery there with a horse and cart and a load of rubbish, which he shot there. He (witness) knew the ground in question well. It was about 60 yards square, and there were from 6,000 to 10,000 loads of rubbish on it, and it was still being deposited on it. Mr. W. H. Butterfield, registrar of births and deaths, said he was much inconvenienced by the carts continually passing to and fro. It was a great nuisance, for the carts stood in front of his house, and the carters made use of disgusting language, and often fought. He was greatly in convenienced by it, and stones were being con tinually thrown. Mr. Tyrwhitt—The heaping up of this stuff there can be no doubt is an annoyance. Mr. Layton—There, are loads upon loads of stones and pieces of bottles, and the filth and dirt are much higher than the surrounding houses. Mr. Tyrwhitt—l can hardly say that this is a public nuisance. Mr. Layton—l take it under the word " annoy ance." Mr. Tyrwhitt—The word "annoyance" is much larger than the word " nuisance." It seems to me, strictly speaking, that in point of law the defendants present have , not been guilty of a public nuisance. Mr. Layton—We do not complain of " taking" up, but of " covering" up. He thought in the case of the defendants present, if they were fined ls. and paid the costs, that would meet the justice of the case. He should take out another summons against Mr Jones, who always gave a great deal of ”- Mr. Tyrwhitt said it was very fair of the parish to act in the matter as they had done, and fined the defendants ls. and costs. FATAL AFFRAY WITH POACHERS. On Wednesday morning at two o'clock a terrible encounter took place between gamekeepers and poachers on the estate of Mr. Richard Watt, of Bishop Burton, a small village about three miles from' Beverley. A gamekeeper named Jacques was killed by gunshot ; a watcher named Barrow so seriously wour.ded on the head and face that he was declared by the medical men to be rapidly sinking ; and a third received so much shot in his abdomen as to render impossible his removal to give evi dence ; his case is one of danger. Ten or twelve poachers were engaged in the affray. By about five o'clock intelligence of the event was received by the chief constable of Hull, who imme diately caused all the approaches to the.town to be watched. About seven o'clock five men were met entering the town from Beverley-road. Two of these men, named Charles Franklin and Thomas Johnson, one of whom is a Lincolnshire man, while the other belongs to Hull, had upon them two nets, with sticks and other implements of poaching, and were carrying three hares ; and they also had with them two dogs. They were taken into custody. The other three were allowed to depart. In the course of the day Superintendent Ward stated at the police-court that he had received in formation that Barrow, the watcher, was dying, and that it was necessary to take the prisoners at once to Bishop Burton, in order that Barrow might, if he were able to do so, identify them before he died. Poltce-constable ohnson accompanied him with "the two prisoners, and they proceeded by the 4.15 train from Hull to Beverley. The nets, bags, hares, and one of the dogs, were also for warded, as well as some guns, which have been traced to the possession of the prisoners. It is stated that considerable ill-feeling had bees provoked by Jacques having shot the dogs of some poachers about three weeks ago. COUNTRY MARKBTS. BOSTON—Nov. 17. The weather has been cold, with keen winds from the north-east, and grain comes to hand in better condition, and in less superabundant supply than of late. To-day there was a fair show of wheat, with a ready sale. Oats come sparingly to hand, and made rather more money. Beans and peas scarce, and the blue sorts of the latter made as much as 60s per qr. Wheat ... 38s to 40s Oats.... 2os to 26s White ..... .44s to 46s Beans ..42s to 50s Barley .28s to 34s Peas ..40s to 603 Averages for the week : Wheat 3,841 qrs., at 40s al 8ar1ey......... 484 „ 3os 5d Oats 357 „ 2ls 10d Rye - ~ —s Od. Beans Peas .... 216 „ sos 3d LOUTH—Noy. 17. At the market to-day there was a fair supply of• English wheat, which sold readily at the extreme.rates of this clay se' nnight. Red wheat, 38s to 40s ; extra, 42s ; white,' 45s ; barley, 33s to 365; - oats, 24s lo 268 ; beans, 39s to 43s per qr. NEWAR :—Nov. 17. There was a fair supply of day, and transactions were lii qr. Not much doing in othe] wheat from the farmers to nited at an advance of Is per r sorts. White wheat, new, 46s to 50s Barley, grinding.. 32s to 34A Red do. 4os to 428 Oats, old, —s to ^ -11 Old white 3Bs to 40s New do 30s to 324 Red do. 36s to 40s Beans. 44s to 48s Barley, malting.— I 38s to 44s Malt. 72s to 72s BIRMINGHAM—Nov. 18. Wheat and flour were somewhat steadier to-day, but the demand was still very limited; at the currency of this day se'nnight. Choice qualities of wheat lower, and met a fair sale. Oatmeal sold rather slowly, and former prices were barely maintained. Beans and Indian ei►rn again favoured buyers. MANCHESTER—Nov. 18. At this day's market we had a fair attendance of the trade, and wheat met with a moderately good demand for consumption,' at the prices of this day week. Beans and Indian corn steady, with a fair.inquiry. Oats and oatmeal sold slowly. GLASGOW—Nov. 17. At our market this morning English wheat was difficult of sale, and must be noted is to 2s per qr lower, foreign at the same time time declining 2d to 3d per 701bs, without leading to business. Flour was almost unsaleable, although offered at a reduction of fully is per sack. EDINBURGH GRAIN—Nov. 17. There was a - large supply of grain at market. Sales were not so heavy, and prices better. Wheat on the top 4s d0wn....... average Os 3d down' Barley on tho top Os 6d up average Os 8d down. Oats on the top Off,6d down —average 2d down. Beans on the top 3s 9d down.. ..... —average ld down. Averages per Imperial quarter. Wheat. Wheat (N) O. 0 0 042ths Barley 1 10 11 4-12ths Oats -12ths Beans Total Supply and Sales. Wheat........ 1073 qrs Sold 838 qrs 8ar1ey..... .3362 qrs Sold 2412 qrs • Oats .2380 qrs Sold 1349 qrs Beans llO qrs Sold 94 qrs coa,K—Nov. 17. The following were the quotations this morning :—Rod wheat, 16s 6d th 21s; white,.l9s Od to 23s 6d; barley lOs 3d to 16s Od; oats, lls Od. to 13s Od. In the butter market upwards of 1,000 firkins 'were on sale. Prices—First quality, 104 s; second, 102 s; third, 970; fourth, 828 ; fifth, 725.; sixth, 50s. DERBY SMITHFIELD—Nov. 16. There was a good supply of fat beasts to-day, mostly of excellent quality, the attendance of buyers was small, and the greater part• went away unsold. The pens were well filled with sheep, and high prices asked. A good number of fat pigs, demand brisk, and prices better. A plentiful supply of fat calves. Beef - sid to 6id Veal Mutton . 2 5a to 6 1 -d to 7d Pork 50 Lamb Od to —d Rough fat, 4s 10d per stone. Hides, 4d to 51d ; calf skins, 4.1 d to 54d. BIRTHS. CURZON.—On the 15th inst., at Curzon House, the Hon. Mrs. Curzon, of a son, stillborn. HIRST.—On the 15th inst., at Tulloch Castle, N. 8., the • wife of Major Hirst, of a son and heir. HOLFORD.—on the 18th inst.; at Dorchester-house, Park lane, Mrs. Holford, of a daughter. SHAW.—On the loth inst., at Rougham Rectory, Suffolk, the wife of the Rev. Morton Shaw, of a son. MARRIAGES. ASIIBUItTON—MACKENZIE.—On the 18th tnet., by the Bishop of Oxford, Lord Ashburton, to Miss Stewart Mackenzie, of Seaforth. FItLD---ELIVES.—On the 17th inst., at St. Gabriegt Pimlico, Major George Thomas Field, Royal Artillery, to Caroline Henrietta, second daughter of the late Dudlel . C. Cary Elwes, Esq. 'DEATHS. CAVE.—On the 18th. inst., Mr. Thomas Cave, of London House, 149, Aldersgate-street. CHURCH.—On the 18th inst., John Thomas Church, Esq-, of 9, Bedford-row, aged 70. COEDEN.—On the 17th Aug., at Molong, N.S.W., HenrY , youngest son of the late Wm. Cobden, Esq.,. of Midhurst , Sussex, aged 44. MARTIN.—Qn the 17th inst., at 25, Great Cumberland place, Fairfax, youngest son of Charles Wykeham Martin. Esq., M.P., of Leeds Castle, Kent. MARTIN.—On the 13th inst., Henry Martin, Esq./ °f Budleigh, Salterton, Devon, late of Chelsea, Middlesa? aged 61. PAGE-TURNER.—On the 14th inst., at Norwich, the li a ' cl3r Page-Turner, aged 65. WLREn.—On the 18th inst., at 19 Albion-street, 11Y,..4e -park, Jno.-Walker; 31. D., late of 'Birkenhead, aged LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG/ of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Officc, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in tb,e, county of Middlesex, Flilay, November 19, 1858.