The Sun. — London, England, 1859-09-20 00:00:00

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. ABERDEEN, FRIDAY. At the meeting of the Geological Section yester- 1 day its president,. Sir C. LYELL, stated the result of some observations he had made in France on the proofs of the antiquity of the human race. Sir Charles spoke al follows :—No subject has lately excited more curiosity and general interest among geologists and the public than the question of the antiquity of the human race ; whether or no we have sufficient evidence to prove the former co-existence of man with certain ex tinct mammalla, in caves, or in the super ficial, deposits commonly call ed drift or " dilurzum.' For the last quarter of a century the occasional oc currence in various parts of Europe of the bones of man, or the works of his hands, in cave-breccias and stalactites associated with the remains of the extinct hy e na, bear, elephant, or rhinoceros, have given rise to a suspicion that the date of man mast be carried further back than we had heretofore i m agined. On the other hand, extreme reluctance was naturally felt on the part of scientific rea soners to admit the validity of such evidence, see ing that so many caves have been inhabited by a suc cession of tenants, and have been selected by man as a place not only of domicile, but of sepulture, while some caves have also served as the channels through which the waters of flooded rivers have flowed, so that the remains of living beings which have peopled the district at more than one era may have subsequently been mingled in such caverns and confounded together in one and the same de posit. The facts, however, recently brought to light during the systematic investigation, as reported on by Falconer, of the Brixham Cave, must, I think, have prepared you to admit that scepticism in regard to the cave—evidence in favour of the antiquity of man had previously been pushed to an extreme . To escape from what I now consider was a legi timate deduction from the facts already accumu lated, we were obliged to resort to hypotheses requiring great changes in the relative levels and drainage of valleys, and, in short, the whole physical geography of the respective regions where the caves are situated —changes that would alone imply a remote antiquity for the human fossil remains, and make it probable that man was old enough to have co-existed, at least, with the Siberian mam moth. But, in the course of the last 15 years, another class of proofs has been advanced in France, in confirmation of man's antiquity, into two of which I have personally examined in the course of the present summer, and to which I shall now briefly advert. First, so long ago as the year 1844, M. Aymard, an eminent palaeontologist and antiquary, published an account of the discovery in the volcanic district of Central France, of portions of two human skeletons (the skulls, teeth, and bones), embedded in a volcanic breccia, found in the moun tain of Denise,in the environs of Le Puy en Velay, a breccia anterior in date to one, at least, of the latest eruptions of that volcanic mountain. On the opposite side of the same hill the remains of a large number of mammalia, most of them of extinct species, have been detected in tufacious strata, believed, and I think correctly, to be of the same age. The authenticity of the human fossils was from the first disputed by several geo logists, but admitted by the majority of those who visited Le Puy and saw with their own eyes the original specimen now in the museum of that town. Among others M. Pictet, so well known to you by his excellent work on palaeontology, de clared after his visit to the spot his adhesion to the opinions previously expressed by Aymard. My friend, Mr. Scrope, In the second edition of his Volcanos of Central France, lately pub lished, also adopted the same conclusion, al though, after accompanying me this year to La Puy he has seen reason to modify his views. The result of our joint examination, a result which I beli eve essentially coincides with that arrived at by M. Hebert and M. Lartet, names well known to science, who have also this year gone into this in quiry on the spot, may thus be stated. We are by no means prepared to maintain that the specimen in the museum at Le Puy (which unfortunately was never seen in situ by any scientific observer), is a fabrication. On the contrary, we incline to believe that the human fossils in this and some other specimens from the same hill, were really imbeded by natural causes in their present matrice. But the rock in which they are entombed consists of two parts, one of which is a compact, and for the most part thinly laminated stone, into which none of the human bones penetrate; the other containing the bones, is a lighter and much more porous stone, with laminations, to which we could find nothing similar in the Mountain of Denise, although both M. Hebert and myself made several excavations on the alleged site of the fossils. M. Hebert there fore suggested to me that this most porous stone, which resembles in colour and mineral composi tion, though not in structure, parts of the genuine old breccia of Denise, may be made of the older rock broken up and afterwards rede posited, or as the French say, " remane," and, therefore, of much newer date : a hypothesis which well deserves consideration, but I feel that we are at present so ignorant of the precise circum stances and position under which these celebrated human fossils were found, that I ought not to waste time in speculating on their probable mode of inter • ment, but simply declare that in my opinion they afford no demonstration of man having witnessed the last volcanic eruptions of central France. The skulls, according to the judgment of the most competent osteologists who have yet seen them, do not seem to depart in a marked manner from the modern European or Caucasian type, and the hu man bones are in a fresher state than those of the elephas meridionalis and other quadrupeds found in any breccia of Denise which can be referred to the period even of the latest volcanic eruptions. But while I have thus failed to obtain satisfactory evi dence in favour of the remote origin assigned to the human fossils of Le Puy, I am fully prepared to corroborate the conclusions which have been re cently laid before the Royal Society by Mr. Prest wich, in regard to the age of the flint implements associated in undisturbed gravel, in the north of France, with the bones of elephants, at Abbeville and Amiens. These were first noticed at Abbeville, and their true geological position assigned to them by M. Boucher de Perthes, in 1846, in his " An tiquites Celtiques," while those of Amiens were afterwards described in 1855, by the late Dr. Rigol lot. For a clear statement of the facts I may refer you to the abstract of Mr: Prestwich's memoir, in the proceedings of the Royal Society for 1850, and have only to add that I have myself obtained abun dance of flint implements (some of which are laid upon the table) during a short visit to Amiens and Abbeville. Two of the worked flints of Amiens were discovered in the gravelpits of St. Acheul—one at a depth of 10, the other at 17 feet below the surface, at the time ofmy visit ; and M. G. Pouchet, of Rouen, author of a work on the " Races of Man," who has since visited the spot, has extracted with his own hands one of these implements, as Messrs. Prest wich and Flower had done before him. The strati fied gravel resting immediately on the chalk in which these rudely-fashioned instruments are buried belongs to the post-pliocene period, all the fresh water and land shells which accompany them being of existing species. The great number of the fossil instruments which have been likened to hatchets, spearheads, and wedges, is truly wonderful. More than a thousand of them have already been met with in the last 10 years, in the valley of the Som me, in an area 15 miles in length. I infer that a tribe of savages, to whom the use of iron was un known, made a long sojourn in this region • and I am reminded of a largo Indian mound, which I saw in St. Simond's Island, in Georgia—a mound 10 acres in area, and having an average height of five feet, chiefly composed of cast-away oyster shells, throughout which arrow-heads, stone axes, and Indian pottery are dispersed. If the neighbouring river, the Alatamaha, or the sea which is at hand, should invade, sweep away, and stratify the con tents of this mound, it might produce a very ana logous accumulation of human implements, unmixed, Perhaps, with human bones. Although the accom- Purging shells are of living species I believe the an tiquity of the -Abbeville and Amiens flint instru mentsof mstetorybee great . indeed if compared to the times of fluvisailer tradition. I consider the gravel to be the structuroerigin' but I could detect nothing in action, its several parts indicating cataclysmal se% nothing that might not be due to such s; as we have witnessed in Scotland during the lasth a century. It must h a ve required a long period gravel th t e rthe wearing down of the chalk which supplied at b ro k en v. flints formation of so much for the _ re a se i n ous . heights— sometimes 100 feet above the fineP sedi ment, level of the both terrestrical ande m eat e q Somme—for the deposition of n rue t a , tm i i l4 Ca, c s l as u n d od ing entire shells, also for the denudation which the stratified drift has undergone, portions havi ng been ,swept away, so that wh at remains of it oftenterrni_ sates abruptly in old river cliffs, besides beinm covered by a newer unstratified drift. 1 To explain these changes I should infer eonsiderab.e oscillation s in the level of the land in that part of France—slow movements of upheaval and subsidence, deranging, but tot wholly displacing, the coarse of the ancient rivers. Lastly, the disappearance of the elephant, rhinoceros, and other genera of quadruped, now foreign in Europe implies, in like manner, a vast lapse of ages, separating the era in which the fossil .implements were framed and that of tha invasion .of Gaul by the Romans. Among the problems of high theoretical interest which the recent progress of geology and natural history has brought into notice, no one is more prominent, and, at the same - time more obscure, than that relating to the origin a species. On this difficult and t mys erious subject -a work will very shortly appear by Mr. 0144(m Darwin, the result of 20 years of observation and experiment in zoology, botany, and geology, by which he has been led to the conclusion that those powers of nature which give rise to races and perma nent varieties in animals and plants, are the same as those which, in much longer periods, produce species, and, in a still longer series of ages, give rise to differences of generic rank. He appears to me to have succeeded, by his investigations and reason ings, to have thrown a flood of light on many classes of phenomena connected with the affinities, geogra phical distribution, and geological succession of or genic beings, for which no other hypothesis has been able, or has even attempted, .to account. Among the communications sent into this section, I have received from Dr. Dawson, of Montreal, one confirming the discovery which he and I formerly announced, of a land shell, or pupa, in the coal for mation of Nova Scotia. When we contemplate the vast series of formations intervening between the tertiary and carboniferous strata, all destitute of air-breathing mollusca, at least of the terrestrial class, such a discovery affords an important illus tration of the extreme defectiveness of our geologi cal records. It has always appeared to me that the advocates of progressive development have too much overlooked the imperfections of these records, and that, consequently, a large part of the generali sations in which they have indulged in regard to the first appearance of the different classes of ani mals, especially of air-breathers, will have to be modified or abandoned. Nevertheless, that the doc trine of progressive development may contain in it the germs of a true theory, I am far from denying. The consideration of this question will come before you when the age of the white sandstone of Elgin is discussed—a rock hitherto referred to the old red, or Devonian formation, but now ascertained to con tain several reptilian forms, of so high an organisa tion as to raise a doubt in the minds of many geo logists whether so old a place in the series can cor rectly be assigned to it. At the meeting this morning of Section E Geography and Ethnology—Mr. L. OLIPHANT (late Secretary to Lord Elgin) read a long and very able paper on Japan, which concluded as follows :—lt would be well to remember that, while we have achieved a great result in thus opening to the world this prosperous and happy community, we have also incurred serious obligations towards them, and are bound not to take advantage of their ignorance and inexperience in their dealings with western nations. We can only hope to commend our civilisation to them by maintaining a high moral standard, both in our commercial and political intercourse. They are sufficiently enlightened to appreciate a policy influenced by higher considerations than those in volved in the accumulation of wealth. Unless we follow such a policy, it is not too much to predict that we shall lose alike their confidence and re spect, and involve ourselves in complications disas trous to our commerce and discreditable to our national character. Of all the nations of the east, the Japanese are the most susceptible to civilising influences, and I quote the words of an eminent Chi nese and Japanese scholar in saying that, in one re spect. they are far in advance of their ancient neigh bours the Chinese, in that their attention is directed to obtain a knowledge of other nations. Their efforts in this way will form their greatest security. Their soldiers once formed the bodyguard of the King of Siam, their consuls once examined Spanish ships in Acapulco, their sailors once took a Dutch gover nor out 'of Formosa, and carried him prisoner to their rulers, their Princes once sent an embassy to the Pope, their Emperor once defied the vengeance of Portugal, by executing her ambassadors. The knowledge of these historical events remains among , them. We may reasonably hope for a great pre ponderance of good results from an extension of an intercourse which has recommenced so peacefully. Let us indulge the expectation that the land of the rising sun may not only soon be fitted fir taking her place among nations, but also among Christian nations, and with all the institutions, and liberty, and purity of the best of the nations. In Section F—Economic Science and Statistics —Mr. J. T. MACKENZIE read a paper on the trade and commerce of India. The paper gave a view of the exports and imports of bullion and merchandise for 25 years, ending in 1858. The value of exports from British India amounted, in the five years from 1833-8, to £10,300,000 annually, while, from the five Years from 1853-8, the amount annually was £22, - 810,75 5 . Imports of merchandise, exclusive of treasure, averaged £4,717,278 yearly, in the first period of the same series, and L 13,457,015 yearly for the last. The total bullion imported into India for the 25 years was £110,329,428. The number of ves sels entered into India from foreign ports in 1858 was 4,3o9—increase £1,686,558. The largest item of merchandise imported into India consisted of cotton twist, yarn, and piece goods, and amounted in 1858 to £4,696,400, of which £4,608,655 were supplied by the United Kingdom. The writer next alluded to the importance of the extension of this great market to every class at home ; and the obviosts means by which this great object is to be attained are, on the one hand, by increasing the producing po .ser of India, and by enabling her to dispose of a large quantity of her own productions, and, on the other, by our manufacturers studying, more than they do at present, the habits of the people in the manufacture of articles best suited to their real wants, tastes, and fancies. The total value of mer chandise exported from British India in 1858 was £27,453,692, of which £9,106,635 was for opium, none of which is entered for British consumption. Deducting this, the exports still exceed £18,000,000, of which more than £10,500,000 came to the United Kingdom. The largest item of Indian exports, after opium, is raw cotton, which in 1858 amounted to £4,301,769, of which £3,296,698 came to the United Kingdom, and this is about £1,500,000 be low the value of the manufactured cotton we sent out to her. He pointed to the importance that would attach to organised efforts made to promote the consumption of Indian produce, and thereby to stimulate her productive power. He next said the whole system of banking in India required to be changed. The means of transport and irrigation were also noticed as greatly needed, and greatly important. It should be clearly understood, how• ever, that for the real extension of the great com mercial intercourse with India it is no part of the duty of Government to aid, either directly or in directly, by pecuniary grants, gifts of land, or gua -antees of interest, any industrial or commercial undertaking of the country. In the course of the discussion which followed, Mr. Tite, M.P.,paid a high compliment to the Right Hon. J. Wilson, and expressed a hope that in the position he was about to occupy in India he would solve some of the problems that had then engaged their attention. Mr. Leith, Sir J. Bowring, and Col. Edwardes also addressed the section at con siderable length. This evening Sir RODERICK MURCHISON deli vered a discourse "On the Geological Structure and Order of the Older Rocks in the Northern Counties of Scotland." The address, which was of great length, was listened to most attentively, and at its close, Sir CHAS. LYELL moved a vote of thanks to Sir Roderick for the clear and admirable illustration he had given them of the Geology of Scotland. Without giving an opinion as to the Elgin sand stones. he (Sir C.) might state that if the evidence so clearly laid before them bearing thereon had been before him when he published his work, he cer • tainly should not have called the rock Devonian. Professor PHILLIPS seconded, remarking on the high estimation in whicn Sir R. Murchison was held over half the globe, as the master of the Silurian. Sir D. BREWSTER then, amid loud applause, thanked Sir R. Murchison, and continuing, said a more lasting testimonial than a mere vote of thanks was now to be presented, viz., the Brisbane Medal of the Edinburgh Royal Society (of which Sir David is a Vice-President) A deputation of members of the Council were now in waiting for this purpose, whom he begged to introduce. The deputation consisted of Dr. Christison, Professors Allman and Balfour, and Mr. R. Chambers. The medal, amid re: newed plaudits, having been presented through Sir David Brewster, Mr. ROBERT CHAMBERS spoke as follows :—Sir Roderick Murchison,—The Royal Society of Edin burgh, viewing your late researches in the High lands of Sutherlandshire with an interest and ad miration shared by the whole scientific world, has thought proper to vote to you the first example of a gold medal, founded by its respected president, Sir T. S. Brisbane, for remarkable scientific ser vices. In the paper read by you to the Geological Society in December last, the society sees an ad mirable instance of laborious investigation in con nection with a Scottish field. You have, sir, suc ceeded in putting into a new and correct place in the geological series, a band of formations which, from the days of M'Culloch downwards, has at tracted a large share of attention, both on ac count of its constituent materials and the mag nificent scenery which it forms ; and you have thus conferred a great favour upon your netive country. It seems suitable that the Royal So ciety, of Edinburgh, which heard the first specu lations of Hutton and of Plavfair, should take upon itself to stamp, with the national approbation, sert w Vti e aye • o e su r a:rsinoniid:3i:tatrriicilgiuished as yours. The society, perform em e not e s andin Sutherlandshire cannotoverlook n t n h l ; 7. fart fui . l t 7 g w a i t i i p nn remarkable series of geological laves which have placed during the last 35 years, and chiefs of living Brtiiuhsg high among the great geologists. In succession, Auvergne, the Alps, the Carpa the mountains of urfiLss:rucr:rglednitihuets:ftoorryroef has been as Carpa thians, the Urals, have owned: search. You have recalled to the first ages of life upon its s e c o nwsipdie plains of Russia your diligence cuously shown as in that Siluria which is all your own. Two superb and voluminous works and 100 separate memoirs but faintly express the amount of your geological writings. Nor, on the present oc casion, should your services, as the head of the Geo logical Survey, and as the frequent President of the Geographical Society, be forgotten. Neither should we fail to remember that remarkable triumph of science of which you are the instrument—the vati cination of an auriferous region in Australia, from the observations you had made in the Ural Moun tains. Viewing these many merits and your pre sent active course, the Royal Society of Edinburgh cannot but feel proud in having ' the privilege of conferring upon you the first Brisbane prize ; and it is their earnest wish and prayer that you may long be spared to enjoy the many deserved honours which a ratefel country and an admiring band of fellow-labourers and a beneficent Sovereign have conferred upon you. Sir R. MURCHISON replied in very feeling lan guage, stating that no honour ever conferred upon him had touched him more than this testimonial at the hands of his own countrymen. Ho was gratified beyond measure at receiving this honour from a so ciety which, of almost all others in Europe, is chary in conferring its honours, and has a more limited number of honorary members than any other scien tific society. And all the more would it be esteemed that it was put into his hand by one of the most eminent of living philosophers. (Loud applause.) THE LATE EXPLOUON ON BOARD THE GREAT EASTERN. Yesterday morning the adjourned inquiry into ;he cause of this fatal accident was resumed at the Town-hall, Weymouth. As on previous occasions, the company were represented by Mr. Leverson the shareholders by Mr. Lawson, and Mr. Scott Russell by Mr. Newman. Mr. Jackson, M.P., Mr. Magnus, and Mr. Cut bill, directors of the Great Ship Company, wit; Captain Harrison, and the principal officers of the Great Eastern, were again in attendance. Before opening the proceedings the Foreman of the Jury said that the inquiry was drifting from an inquest into a lawsuit, and therefore he hoped that the Coroner would place no evid,3nce before the Court which did not entirely and exclusively con. cern the cause of the accident. It was entirely beside the question as to what was the contrac, between the directors of the Great Ship Company and Mr. Scott Russell. The Coroner said that he did not consider the only question before the jury was what was the cause of the accident. It as also their duty to discover, if possible, who was the cause of it, and therefore all evidence which tended to show who was in charge of the engines was certainly to the point. The first witness examined was Mr. - William Jackson, M.P., deputy chairman, and one of the managing directors of the Great Eastern, who de posed that in conjunction with Mr. Campbell he arranged as to the time the vessel should leave the river. He always understood that the contractors who constructed tha engines would be in charge of them during the trial trip. Mr. Scott Russell inti mated that it would be desirable to place on board certain engineers to manage the paddle engines, and witness's impression certainly was that that gentleman was in charge of them, from Mr. Russell being on the bridge and directing the movements of the paddle engines below. It was never consi dered that Mr. bcott Russell took charge of the engines as a favour, but as a matter of duty, and as being responsible for their proper working. On one or two occasions Mr. Russell had told witness the ship was finished and the contract completed, to which he always replied that it was not. On the Monday before the ship sailed Mr. Russell applied to the board for more money, on the ground of extra work and completion of contract. The money was refused, as the company considered that too much had been paid to Mr. Russell, and that his contract was not complete. Both ship and paddle engines, he considered, were at that moment in charge of Mr. Russell. The paddle engines were still incomplete, and under the contract for finishing the vessel he thought that much remained to be done. The board was waiting for a formal notice from Mr. Russell that the contract was completed in order to have the whole ship surveyed. It required a certificate from the managing director that the ship was completed and given up before Mr. Russell's contract and re sponsibility were at an end. That certificate had never been given and never applied for. Mr. Rus sell applied for the last payment under the con tract, which, however, was refused. A long discussion ensued as to the admission of this evidence as to contract; which, on one hand, it was contended must be tried by a higher court ; while for the other side it was stated, that it served to show who was in charge of the ship, or, at least of the engines. Captain Robertson said enough had been shown as to the cause of the accident ; it only remained to discover who was to blame. Mr. John Arnott, chief engineer of the paddle engines under Mr. M'Lennan, deposed that he was formerly in Mr. Scott Russell's employ, and was selected by him to go in charge of the paddle en gines on board the Great Eastern. He was in charge of the engines when the explosion took place, and Mr. Patrick was under his orders. He was not in the boiler room that day. Though in charge of the engines, he did not consider that it was his duty to look after the boilers. Other en gineers did that. Mr. Patrick never reported to him that at 12 in the day he shut off the feed from the filar: el casing and turned it direct into the boilers. If it had been reported to him, he would at once, knowing that there were cocks in the syphon tubes, have ascertained that they sere open, and the steam escaping. He was never aware that the feed was shut off from the casing at all. He never received any instructions as to the working of the engines either from Mr. Dickson or Mr. M'Lennan. Mr. Dickson assisted him in starting. If anything had gone wrong in the engine -room, he would have re ported it to Mr. M'Lennan, whom he considered his chief. He could not answer whether or not Mr. M'Lennan gave him instructions to obey the engineers in charge or not. Mr. M'Lennan called them together, and set the watches, though he did not recollect whether or not he said they were to obey the engineer in charge. He could not answer whom he would have considered Mr. M'Lennan meant if he had given such instructions about the engineer in charge. He never gave Pat rick any instructions to open the cock of the second funnel after the explosion. Both the cocks were open when the vessel left Deptford. He went round himself, and saw them open himself. A man named Duncan M'Farlane was with him. (The evident reluctance with which this witness gave his evidence created some sensation in court.) All witnesses about to prove facts connected with the machinery were then ordered to leave the hall. Examination resumed—On the Tuesday before they left witness made that examination with M'Farlane, shortly after breakfast. The cocks were then open, and witness did not touch them, though he had a spanner with him. That was alter the pipe had been lengthened by five feet. Any one could open the door which led to the cook, though no one could turn the cock without using a spanner. He was quite positive they were open. By Mr. Lawson—He had been in the employ ment of Mr. Russell for several years, except when away in charge of new ships. He ceased to be in Mr. Russell's employ the Tuesday before the ves sel started, and went into the service of the com pany. Mr. Brunel said he was to go as chief en gineer under Mr. M'Lennan. His ordinary employment was in Mr. Russell's yard. He was only to be employed by the company for three months. When new machinery was put in a ship witness generally went in charge of the engines on the trial trip, as in the trial trip of the Great Eastern. Witness started one engine and Mr. Dickson the other. Nothing whatever was said between wit ness and Mr. Dickson as to the working of the engines. M'Farlane, who went round with him to examine the cocks, had also been for some time in Mr. Russell's employment. There were plenty of spanners on board the ship that would have turned the cocks. He never saw cocks like those fitted to stand pipes before, but he knew the danger of hav ing them closed. [Some discussion here ensued among the jury as to the peculiar action of the cocks, and eventually they requested the Coroner to send off to the ship for them, which was accordingly done, and the cross-examination of the witness was proceeded with.] After seeing the cocks were right on Tuesday he never looked to them again, nor sent any one to look to them. No one could have got to them without breaking the door of the casing open, supposing the door to be locked. It was not locked, however, and any one might have gone there. No one gave him any directions with regard to managing the engines. He put on the expan sion gear, and did as he thought right, without in structions. They were working at Nib., and driving the engines as fast as they could be driven. Mr. Dickson was not much al»ut except at starting. Mr. Dickson assisted at starting the engines on Wednesday, but lie coul:l not recollect if lie as sisted on Thursday. He did assist again on Friday. Never gave the witness Patrick any instructions to shut off the "feed" from the casing, nor did Patrick ever make any report to him at all, except to say that all was going on well. He never at any time was informed that the feed was shut off from the casing. He considered himself in charge of the paddle engines entirely, but lie did not consider himself at all bound to look after the boilers. By Mr. Leverson. — Mr. Brunel informed him THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 20, 18b91 that Mr. Russell had appointed him (witness) to take charge of the paddles. Did not ex pect to return to Mr. Scott Russell's employment, though his appointment with the company was not a permanent one. Had often been away on trial trips with `Zr. Scott Russell's vessels. Had been away sometimes as long as six or twelve months, and then always returned to Mr. Scott Russell's employment. He came on shore on Saturday last without asking leave either from Captain Harrison or Mr. M'Lennan. Could not recollect who gave him leave. Never made any report what ever to Mr. M'Lennan as to the state of either en- gines or boilers. Could not recollect what had made him so particular in looking to the cocks on the stand pipe, beyond that it was usual to examine all the cocks on feed pipes before starting. The jacket had been used before and those cocks examined before. When they had examined them M‘Farlane and he parted on the deck near the funnel casing. He never knew that the donkey engines would not work, and that that was why they were obliged to give up feeding through the funnel. He could not recollect saying that the donkey engines should be thrown overboard, though he would not swear that he had not said so. By Mr. Newman—Mr. Patrick he considered was quite competent to take charge in the boiler room. Mr. M'Lennan never gave him any instruc tions to get up steam beyond saying when the ves sel would leave the Thames. If anything had gone wrong in the engine-room he would have reported to Mr. M'Lennan. Did not like at all to leave the engine-room to look after the boilers. The boilers were priming, and there was danger of water in the cylinders, mad therefore be did not wish to leave the engine-room. There was no steam regis ter kept. Some one was taking diagrams, but he did not know who he was. Duncan M'Farlane, a chief engineer of the auxi liaries, was called, and received the same caution as the other witnesses connected with the machi nery department,—that he was not bound to an swer any questions which might tend to criminate himself. He said he accompanied the last witness, Arnott, round the vessel on the Tuesday before sailing to show him the cocks to the water heaters, and see that they were all right. The cocks on the syphon were then open. They closed the door leading to the cocks after examining them. It merely shut too with a latch. There was no lock on it, and any one could open it. It was his especial duty to see that all the cocks in the paddle-engines were in working-order, and open when they were required to be open. Up to the day of arriving at the Nore the cocks were both open, and steam blowing off. Did not see the cocks themselves, but when he saw the steam escaping he knew they were open. After arriving at the Nore his charge of them ceased, and he went to look after the aux iliary engines. At the request of the Coroner, The witness here recapitulated in detail the number and position of the various cocks which had to be inspected. Mr. Dickson gave witness his directions to attend the inquiry. Had no conver sati n with Mr. Dickson as to the evidence he could give. He had been five years in the employ of Mr. Russell before joining the ship. If the cock had not been on the tube the accident could not has e ocenred at all. He was put in charge of the cocks by Mr. Russell, under Mr. Dickson's orders. He had always executed that particular duty in Mr. Russell's ships. Mr. Arnett told him to open all the cocks, therefore he did so. [The cock on the tube was here brought to the jury, and at a little distance from the witness ; he at (MCP stated, by the marks on the screw, whether it was open or shut, and afterwards explained its action.] By Mr. Leverson—Had only been in the employ ment of the company since the Tuesday before sail ing. Previous to that time he had always been iu Mr. Russell's employment. Mr. M'Lennan gave him his orders to take charge of the auxiliaries, and 'he 'thought that Mr. M'Lennan was his chief. He communicated with Mr. Dickson before joining the company, as he considered he was Mr. Dickson's servant. He saw both Mr. Dickson and Mr. M'Lennan in the engine room with others occasion ally, but could not say who was in charge. He, however, considered Mr. M'Lennan was his chief, tied to him he would have reported anything. Captain William Harrison was then examined— lie said, I am in command of the Great Eastern, and have been so from the time she left the Thames. Mr. Russell was in charge of the paddle engines, and Mr. Langdon, of Watts and Co.'s, in charge of the screw. I know that from my own observation. Mr. Russell sometimes, as directed by the pilot, signalled to the screw engineers ; but he passed down verbal directions to those in charge of the paddles. I had no information from the directors as to Mr. Russell having charge, but Mr. Brunel in formed me that he would not accept the engines unless they worked faster on the trialtrip than they had done in the river. My instructions to Mr. APLennan, the chief engineer, were not to interfere with the working of the engines at all, but to hand over his staff of assistants to the contractors. Both screw and paddle-engines were at that moment the property of the contractors and had not been ac cepted by the company. If anything had gone wrong with either engines, I would have reported the matter to their respective contractors. Mr. Ms,Lennan had my orders to place his assistant engi neers at the disposal of Mr. Russell and Messrs. Watt and Co. I did not hear him give those orders. I told him to give them, and he reported to me that lie had done so. The trial trip took place, of course, under the sanction of both contractors. I saw Mr. Russell give his instructions from the bridge to the paddle engineers, and from that I thought he was in charge, but he might have been giving that as sistance from interest in his engines. By Mr. Leverson—Of the four trials, or starting of the engines in the river, only one took place in the presence of the officers and engineers of the company. The first trial was made at 2 o'clock in the morning without my knowledge or the know ledge of the company or their engineers. All the other trials were made by Mr. Scott Russell's eegi ricers, and Mr. M'Lennan has never taken charge at all. The engines were never delivered up to the company, and Mr. Scott Russell continues in charge of them. If Mr. Russell had not volunteered that morning to work the indicator to the engine-roo.n from the bridge , I should have placed two of my officers there to do it. Mr. Russell gave his orders to the pa ddle engines b ecause th e y were under his charge, I presume, and because he was the con structor of them. It is not true that the stand pipe casing 'MIS a ventilator for the sleeping cabins. It was for the boiler-room. If the stand pipe had broken, it could have done no more than let the water down on the boilers."'"'Some might perhaps have come throng. h the perforated zinc casing ; but av ry little. After the vessel left the Nore, I, in conjunction with the pilot, asked Mr. Russell to drive the paddles faster, as the screw was over running them. Mr. Russell, however, did not do so. At all trial trips I have seen the engines have been worked at their full speed to test them and prove all the could Mr. i R c ould do bef ore th e y were delivered up. When I uss a e s ll b t e o in g g o faster in b a h r e ge di e d f not the p re a l d 'e d y l n e l s e . to T a h n e y c o ngn one ee e lse s never were driven at full speed ; in the trim the vessel was in neither screw nor paddle were sufficiently immersed in the water to do so with safety. Mr. Russell and Mr. Blake ought not to have come to any arrangement as to the speed at which they were to drive the engines without my cognisance. As captain of the ship I would not have allowed such an agreement. I have never heard of any such arrangement having existed. If I had known that Mr. Russell was only volunteering his assistance on the bridge, I would not have allowed him to take the position he did, or any one but my own officers. I have read the chief parts of the contract, and I do not consider the ship completed, according to that contract, up to the present time. Coming down the river from Long Reach, Captain Comstock, at nay it•en qt reliele my officers. st,s , ometiine s worked the steering appara He did this at my request. I never requested Mr. Russell to talc charge of the engines on the bridge. Captain Com stock was my friend, but he obeyed my orders like one of my own o ffi cers . At this stage of the proceedings (half-past three) the Court adjourned for an hour and a half, and had not re-assembled when our parcel was despatched. [AnvEnnsEmENT.l—The greatest happiness of a jou" - nalist is to introduce to his readers some new discovery calculated to benefit that vast portion of our fellow crea tures, which 11103 the strongest claims upon our sympathies. It is with this to the following extract f rom D u B arr y' s i n teresting report feeling that we call the attention of invalids of cures without medicine of indigestion (dyspepsia), fla tulency, constipation, nervous, bilious and liver complaints, cough, asthma, consumpt i on an d d e bility by Du. Barry's Revalenta Arabica, Food. Cure No. 180, twenty. five years' nervousness, c onst i pat i on, i n di ges ti on , an d d e bility, from which I had .sn ff ered great misery, and which no medicine could remove or re li ev e , h ave b een e ff ec t ua lly cured by Da Barry's fond i n a very s h or t t i me. —W . It . R ee ves, 181, Fleet-street. Cue No. 54,618, of a lady of 107 years of age.—Wandsbeek, near Hamburg,h, 12th May, 1857.—] hereby certify that my mother-in-law, Mrs. Holz°, \dm has. just completed her 107th year, after having; suffered for Laif a century and more, front indigestion (dyspepsia), and consequent disorders, has been perfectly cured by Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, midis now enabled to di gest almost any kind of food with ••reat comfort.—W. Holze. In tins, at Is. 6d. •, lib. 3s. ; 21b. ss. 9d.; 51b., 125.; rzlb., 265. The 101 b. and 121 b. , tins carriage free, on receipt of post- Dffi:k order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London Fortnum, Ma 'oll, an d C o., 182 , Pi cca dilly ; Abbis, 60, Gracechurch-street; 4 Cheapside ; 63, and 150, Oxford red. 330 and 451, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopso-ate, Bewley and Dr aper ; a t Edi n b urg h, R a imes and Co., Tottenham-court-road. Also at Dublin,street ; 85, at Liverpool, Nixon and Thew ; at Manchester, Sharp and Scott ; at York, Raimes, Blanchard, and Co. ; at South araptou, ItandiOl and Sou. MONSTER REVI TA L MEETING AT ARMAG If. (Prow the Special Correspondent of the Tones.) BELFAST, SEPT. 16. The most recent phenomenon of the religious agitation in Ireland is a "revival" of the "monster meetings" of former days. The old machinery of politics is put in motion again in the cause of reli- gum. In both it may be an object to increase or prolong an excitement, or prevent it from abating. For this something out of the common course is ne- ccssary. So as the ordinary political meeting was expanded to the dimensions of a Clontarff or Tara gathering, the usual devotional exercises of a quiet congregation can be magnified in their scale, and changed into a great day of field preaching. This has just been done for the " revival" of the north of I.•eland. After some months of reported" awaken ings" and deepened religious " anxiety" in indi viduals and communities throughout the whole province of Ulster, an attempt was to be made to concentrate the movement, and exhibit it in one extensive manifestation of the " work." The lenders of it would thus be mutually encouraged by being brought together, and those who might attend the ministrations would, it was hoped, be confirmed in seriousness, or even aroused to that " deep con viction of sin," which is the necessary stage of tran _ _ _ - sition to the final object of all awakening, an " as surance of pardon." These were the ends to be obtained at a " great revival prayer meeting for all lrehind," held at Armagh on the 14th inst. The objects contemplated are described in the language of the advertisements and announcements of the gathering. But the style is not fitted for mere nar ration, and to give an account of the actual pro ceedings I must fall back again into the modes o speech employed by the outside world. The " friends of the cause" in Belfast had made arrangements with the managers of the Ulster Rail way Company to run a cheap train to Armagh on the occasion ; the distance is about 30 miles, and the return was covered by a fare of is. 6d. It was a very cheap excursion. The fare, of course, did not permit any luxury of accommodation, so the train consiste I wholly of third-class carriages and cattle vans It was announced that the company would not issue a single ticket beyond the number of passengers it could convey comfortably. In this community, at this time, and on this occasion of all others, it might have been expected that the rail way managers would have kept faith with an anxi ous public. But I am sorry to say the besetting sin of all railway hoards is as strong at Belfast as any where else. As many tickets were sold as pos sible, and the engagement kept with the minimum of wear and tear to the rolling stock. Money was taken just as readily as if a mere profane spectacle awaited us at the end of the journey, and the most reprehensible pleasure excursionists could not have been kept longer waiting or been more tightly packed. This was the case in starting from Bel fast,. At the intermediate stations, where tickets had been sold with the most cheerful readiness all the morning, the difficulty was solved in the coolest manner—by leaving the expectants behind ; and the train passed along amid howls of disappoint ment from those who were " staying for waftage:' They were picked up, I heard, two hours later, by a " scratch" train of cattle waggons and ballast trur:ks, and arrived on the prayer ground when the proceedings were more than half over. The Com pany promised too much, and the delay produced an unchristian amount of bad temper. The meeting itself was to be " for all Ireland," and it was exyected that eminent divines would at tend it, specially, from " the three kingdoms." Buinour even included Mr. Spurgeon and—singular combination—the Bishop of Exeter in the list. The result, in the present state of the public mind, might have been anticipated to be something extraordinary. But on the closest observation I could not so rate it. Belfast is a city of some 130,000 inhabitants, and is the head and centre of this movement ; yet it would have been a very liberal calculation that could have made 800 of the number that filled the great prayer meeting train. The platform was not in conveniently crowded, and the unusual excite ment described in the local reports exists only in the prevailing disposition in all who are mixed up with the agitation to see an excitement in every thing. Even a congregation that exhibits the ordi nary external appearance of people in a place of worship I have seen described as " solemnly im pressed." The same might be said with quite as much truth of any London congregation at this moment, except St. George's in the East. The dis count to be taken of all the local descriptions of the agitation is very large. The people assembled were the well-dressed, orderly representatives of the middle class, of the lower rather than the higher section of it. Had not many of them carried prayer-books, the pur pose of the day could not have been guessed from their demeanour. A few men of the serious cast were comparing and culling out texts and hymns, arranging the order of the proceedings on the ground, probably, but otherwise there was not much of the "impressed" look about the whole party. Some were decidedly of the carnal world, as subsequently appeared. Some time after the hour appointed, the train started ; it was a slow one, but in due course, leaving the flax fields and bleaching grounds of the country round Belfast, and also the expecting pas sengers at the intermediate points, behind, it pulled up at Portadown, and made a long stop. As time wore on without moving, the thing was growing tedious. At last a small party struck up a hymn, but the effect was not quite what I should have expected. So far from all joining in, some persons in another compartment hooted and whistled, and expressed unmistakeable contempt of the manifes tation. The pious sang on steadily ; so the oppo sition gave out two lines of a burlesque hymn, the words of which will not bear type, and sang it, without mitigation or remorse of voice, with a run ning accompaniment of more hoots and more whistling. So it proceeded, " strophe" and " anti strophe "—a very unseemly contrast—for some time. Finally, the tri.in moved on again, the sing ing ceased, and the comparative harmony of silence was restored. The vein, however, had been touched, and bursts of vocal fervour were heard occasionally during the rest of the journey from different car riages along the line. The malcontents were satis fied by getting on again, and offered no further in terruption. The effect of all this was not edifying, but the reverse. The opposition was indecent; but what provoked it was execrable as music, and, as sentiment, out of place. After this incident, there could be no doubt that all the passengers by the great prayer-meeting train had not the same object. On arriving at Ar magh, fully half the number, instead of turning into the prayer field, close to the railway station, left it behind them, walked into the town, and dis persed into the houses and side streets. I saw them go certainly ; I did not see them return. Why should they have come at all, then, it may be asked ? " Sixty miles for eighteen pence" is th e answer. The prayer-meeting train was a cheap opportunity of doing a little worldly business. And I felt slightly "sold," after hearing so much of Bel fast piety, to find it so much alloyed by Belfast thrift. The meeting " for all Ireland" was held in a gently sloping grass field, a few minutes' walk from the railway ; there was a wide prospect from it, over a well wooded country. The weather was very fine for the occasion, with a fresh breeze and a bright sun. At the foot of the slope, and facing up the descent, a small platform was pitched, with a sheet of canvas spread on a pole behind it. In front of this primitive erection the people gathered in a circular mass. The services consisted of ad dresses or sermons, alternating with hymns. Nine or ten reverend gentlemen relieved each other in the work of the afternoon on this, the chief point of the meeting. The addresses that excited most attention were those of the Hon. and Rev. B. Noel, and the Rev. Mr. Moore of Ballymena, the place where the movement is said to have commenced. '['he platform was intended to be the centre of the day's proceedings ; the best preachers spoke from it, men of educaiion and training in their office. But such an agitation cannot b© entirely controlled by the regular ministers of the different churches. They approve it, and go with it ; but there are ex tremes to which moderate and well Educated men, eowever pious, cannot go. Yet they must accept the co-operation of a host of ignorant fanatics, and of no inconsiderable number of those zealots whose zeal is half imposture, or always ready to slide wholly into it. Seam of the clergy are beginning at last to see this, and are endeavouring, though far too timidly as a body, to cheek the horrible 10)11 , es that have lately sprung up amid this revival." The Armagh meeting might have opened their eyes as to the sort of men who will be the real leaders of this movement among the lowest class. it is "regretted" that on this great occasion the people could not be kept at the centre of intelligence :111(1 piety combined. They broke into separate audiences round more violent and more exciting prelehers. There were at one time five smaller circles in the field, besides the main body. And can assert that the most succe , sful preachers, tested by the amount. of " mental agony" they produced in the listeners, were not the ten ordained minis ters. 'Phis display of internal suffering is regarded as the proof of the " operation of the spirit," which is not supposed to triumph entirely till the patient is " struck down ;" just short of this are those deeply affected." It was in the circles round the wildest and most incoherent preachers that the most numerous cases of the " deeply a ff ec t e d" were to be seen. Where "divine religion" was actually being made " a rhapsody of words," there the most one group I c oun t e d 20 effect was produced. In poor wretches on their knees at the feet of an ill looking, vulgar, and evidently ignorant man, who was consigning all the universe to perdition with extreme energy. At every sentence the prostrate creatures groaned and grovelled in the earth, and shouted " amen" and " Jesus" in constant repeti tion ; another batch of sinners (this time taken from those now looking on"), were sent to hell in the most distinct manner, then came more groans and more ejaculations of " Amen," as if it had been a prayer for a blessing on them. Two images were continually repeated throughout this fanatic's ad dress—he appeared to have no others—the fire of hell in every form, and the blood of Christ. On these he raved furiously till he was satisfied or exhausted, for he did stop at last. I could not see that he had produced more effect at the close of his address than at the beginning. The number of the " affected" had not increased, and those round him looked on with the same expression of mere curi osity as if they were watching a chymical expe riment. I could not anywhere observe any inter mediate state between those who remain quite unmoved and those whom such preaching drives to the very verge of madness—often beyond it. Reli gious terror, thus fostered, seems to select a few victims, but leaves the great mass untouched. Of all that is said about an improved life, and " awak ening," in this greater number, I do not believe one word. They look on, and go out to see, just this display of misery, as they would go to see any ether sight, and are accessories before the fact to what is almost worse than murder—the extinction of reason in their fellow man. In all probability of cases of " prostration" occurring consists the in terest of a " revival" meeting. I note in all the re ports of them an expression or tone of disappoint ment if no one has been " struck down." In the minor circles of auditors—that were as satellites in the main body of the meeting—there were preachers quite as ignorant, but of a different kind of fanaticism to that of the Terrorist. One was a case of " full assurance ;" he was perfectly contented, and wished to make others so. He was a short man, with a well-fed look, and an oily, bald head; he dealt with:promise rather than judgment, and maintained that the elect were the happiest people on the face of the earth. But he had very few auditors ; there was no chance of his frighten ing any one into a fit. Generally, the active agents in the various groups were singularly hard-featured, many even ill-lookino. men. One leader was an exact reproduction of the Puritan in many of the caricatures of the time of the Commonwealth ; he was the " low" ideal of that day exactly repeated. In every circle singing was a favourite, and fre quent exercise, and, as in the railway train, bad to a degree that cannot be described. Of the number present varying estimates are given, as usual. The main body of the meeting was a pretty compact circular mass, fronting the plat form. I walked round it several times, and every point of the extreme circumference was quite within reach of the speakers' voices. The whole space the congregation covered did not exceed that of the area beneath the dome of St. Paul's ; assuming thot 6,000 can stand where 3,000 can sit, the former would be about the number of the central mass ; the five or six groups round the irregular preachers might include 3,000 more ; but there was a con stant passing from one to another during the day, and between the town and the field. There could not have been more than 10,000 present. It is a large number to gather at a field preaching ; but for " all Ireland" it is notoverwhelming. What be came of the " deeply affected" I do not know, but the result appeared to me very small in proportion to the machinery employed on the occasion. The ground began to clear before four o'clock, and at five the special trains were beginning to return. CRIMINAL COURT, Sept. 19. OLD COURT. George Allan, an elderly man of respectable ap pearance, surrendered to take his trial upon a charge of wilful and corrupt perjury. Mr. F. H. Lewis conducted the prosecution ; Mr. Doyle was counsel for the defendant. This charge arose out of a plaint that was pre ferred in the Woolwich County Court, when the present defendant sued the prosecutor for an account which he alleged to be due to him for goods: and work done by him. Upon the hearing of the plaint the prosecutor, Mr. T. S. Wood, a carpenter and builder, residing in the neighbourhood of Deptford, at which place the defendant carries on the business of a blacksmith, produced a receipt for £2 as part of a set off, and he alleged that this sum had been lent by him 'to the, defendant on Nov. 18, 1858. This receipt was repudiated altogether by the th...- fendant, and he swore that no such sum of money was lent to him on the day mentioned, and this was the material allegation of perjury upon which the present indictment was sought to be supported. Mr. Doyle made a very able speech to the jury for the defence, and he called witnesses who gave a different version to the statement alleged to have been made by the defendant before the county court judge. The defendant also received an excellent character from a number of respectable witnesses. The Recorder having summed up, The jury almost immediately returned a verdict of not guilty. Henry Woodrow Mann, 17, a genteel-looking youth, pleaded guilty to several indictments charg ing him with stealing cheques, and also a gold watch and chain value £25. Mr. Poland was instructed to prosecute ; Mr. Robinson was counsel for the defence. The prisoner, who was stated to be very respect ably connected, pleaded guilty to the whole of the charges, and Mr. Robinson urged, as mitigating circumstances, his youth, and the temptations to which he had been exposed by the absence of his master, during which he had stolen the property that was the subject of the different indictments. The Recorder sentenced the prisoner to three years' penal servitude. James Hunt, 29, pleaded guilty to an indictment which charged him with being feloniously at large in this country before the expiration of a period of transportation to which he had been sentenced. Mr. Orridge, who appeared for the prisoner, said he was instructed to state that he was sentenced to transportation for 10 years in the year 1851 for burglary, it being his first offence. He was sent abroad, and conducted himself so well that in 1854 a ticket of leave was granted to him, and in 1856 he received a conditional pardon, the condition, of course, being that he should not return to England. It appeared that some property was afterwards left to him, and in 1858, at the solicitation of his friends he came to this country, where he had conducted himself in a most respectable and creditable manner down to the period when he was taken into custody. The Recorder said that the Court was compelled by the statute to pass a certain sentence in such cases, but he would respite the judgment; and he at the same time expressed an opinion that it was a case in which the Secretary of State would inter fere to relieve the prisoner from any further punish ment. NEW COURT. (Before Mr. Commissioner Kerr.) Thomas Rowe surrendered to take his trial for having stolen a quantity of bricks, the property of our Lady the Queen, valued at £2. Mr. Clark prosecuted, and Mr. Ribton and Mr. Dunbar defended. It appeared that the defendant is a builder at Woolwich, and had been engaged at the arsenal, where some alterations were going on in the cloth ing stores. The defendant was at the same time engaged in building some houses of his own in the town. Whilst the defendant was so engaged, Mr. Stratton Whittaker, surveyor of the works at Woolwich, received an anonymous letter, and, act ing upon the information which it contained, he went to the houses being built by defendant, and there found a quantity of bricks, which had been at the prisoner's direction carted from the dockyard, hav ing formed part of those taken down for the alterations. The defence set up was that another person in the dockyard had sold defendant the bricks. The jury found the defendant guilty of receiving the bricks knowing them to have been stolen. Sentence was deferred., • William Denbigh Sloper Marshall, 31, clerk,was indicted for feloniously marrying Jane Hayes, his wife being then and still alive. Mr. Carteen prosecuted and Mr. Doyle and Mr. Best defended. It was proved that in July, 1853, the prisoner was married at Paddi ng t on Ch urc h t o Sophia Frost Dawson, and upon the 28th of June, 1859, at St. George's, llanover-square, to Jane Hayes. The second wife, a fashionably-attired middle aged woman, wearing a profusion of bugle orna ments on her bonnet and mantle, said she had no !ntroduction to the prisoner before marriage, having only met him by chance. She knew him about three months before their marriage. She was a widow having property, which the prisoner had not touched. The prisoner stated to her that he had an estate at Croydon, and he introduced her to a gentle man in the City, name d Moycs, who, he said, was a merchant. Mr. Doyle, for the prisoner, said that he could not resist a verdict of guilty, but urged, in mitiga tion of sentence, that the prosccutrix had not suf fered any serious wrong. The jury returned a verdict of guilty. The prisoner, whose appearance is far from pre possessing, and somewhat indicative of a want of intellect, iu a crying tone said be had been drawn into the marriage, that the prosecutrix took him to Ramsgate, where she lived with him as his wife, a le n t d h t i h m at she took him to her house and would no The proseeutrix said there was no truth in what the prisoner ad sated. The police h const t able said the prisoner at the time of both marriages lived with a woman. The Jude said the case was a very bad Md one: He did not believe the imputation upon rs. liar s ' The sentence would be four years' pena l servitude. COUNTRY 111211tX.E'TS. GLOUCESTER—SErT. 17. At our market a pretty good trade was done at Is pe! quarter advance in wheat upo n the currencies of this day se'nnight. better —_— COLCHESTER—SErr. 17. tl i a d esrmsuallppalytteonfdwahnct:tt;o-ldoawyanatd tihnefocioorrn-eichange, parcels were . over rea dily and supported late rates ; best qualities. ta, over l as t week. A fair inquiry for barley at about previa?' rates. Beans and peas were fully as dear, and the OPP*? small. Wheat, white 42s to 48s I Beans, Mazagan.. 364 6s to 42+ red 36s to 42s I Midle & groan 3 42 to 6 Barley 36s to 44s I White pea, ...... 40 2 .Q , Oats 2ls to 28s I Grey... 3.5 a ti 0 ° 34s to ----- CHELMSFORD—SEPT. 17. Good w heat brought an advance of is per qr on last week/ t a i n o d u a mo derate business transacted. Inferior qualities Os' Wh ary. Spring corn maintained last week's Price', 453 eat, white. 428 to 50s Peas Partridge .. 43s to red 405 32 t t o o 4 4 0 5 : Boiling White. • • • .. .. .. .. 4 4 2 3 : t t o o 4 4 ; Barley Chevalier 348 to 41s Dun ........ 40s to 4'o Grinding 2 60 6: too 66534 Beans,nart oTwicTkio.ks.. Malt Chevalier 63s to 69s Mazagan ...... 38s to 7' Oats 25s to 348 . 11 . 6 8 . t t o o 44ii NOTTINGHAM—SEPT. 17. Wht to-day sold at an advance of ls. The shoes °f barleywas fair, and malting met a tolerable demand at was t r h : n ahvi e tye e aw u t r rheeantc, unalteredie s. new, rates.Oats 47s t 0 a si•B plentiful sea nßsa Barley, ls ey before. show,gri a u ildibus. i:eso Vi" 53 to 301 28 5 to Red do. Old white 4ls to 458 Oats o ld, .. ..... W . 23s to e ~.3 ! : Ws to 54s Nevr 7 do ......... 43 4 to , . 5.!. Red do.. 44s to 48s Beans .......... Barley, malting 36 s to 44s Beans,.. .. new .... 4 2 s to 40" COAL MARK (Prices of Coal per Ton at ET—SBPT. 19. the close of t he market.) Walla EIICI. s. d. 13uddle' s West Hartley 15 3 Davison's West Hart ley .15 3 Lambert's West Hart ley 15 3 Hastings Hartley ... . l5 0 Howard's West Hart ley .. 3 West Hartley 14 6 Clark's West Hartley l5 3 Tanfield Moor 13 0 Tanfield Moor Butes.a3 0 Wylam l5 9 E‘len Main l6 9 Walker Primrose 12 6 0 . ch 1 6 0 Belmont .. .......... 6 Heugh Hall .......... !! Cassop .. . ........... 15 6 Whit wo rth ........ • • . 1 7 S ou th Kelloe .• •• . .1„ 3 S ou th Hartlepo ol. ..... ! 3 Benson.... ......... Haswell ....... • . 3 Riddell ... • ......... 1 ,!° 6 Braddyll's Ream]. ..... Hetton.. ......... . 1 , ! 7 6 K e i per Grange • ••• • • •. 1 7 R us sell's nett= ...... . 0 6 Stewart's .. ...... ... 0 Birchgrove Ciraigois 1 .6 3 Trimdon ThornleY• • • . 3 Thornley ............. 0 6 Carway Steam ............ Powell' s Duffrri Ste 6 Nixon's Duffryn ..... 111—Sold, 96. Walls End. Eden Acorn Close 17 6 South Hetton 18 6 Hilda l5 9 South Durham 16 6 Ships at market FOREIGN MAIL PACKET ig n teb In the following table E signifies that letters are despaoed by evening mails from London, and M by moring l'all of I d,e• DESTINATIONS. Despatch I Poi of Mails. DeBl Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseilles . . ... , Bahamas and Havana via New Oct. 12, 31 South , ...... oct • 1: 181144_06- York Canada, &c. (by Canadn. pckt Cape of Good Hope, Ascen sion, and St. Helena China, Penang, and Singa pore, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseilles Gibraltar, via Southampton Honduras and Blewfields India (Calcutta) and Ceylon, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseilles India (Bombay), via South ampton Ditto, via Marseilles Lisbon, Brazils,Buenos Ayres, and F. Islands Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseilles Mexico and Havana Newfoundland United States and British N. America (by British packet) Ditto (by U. S. packet) - West Coast of Africa, Ma deira, and Teneriffe West India, California, Vene zuela, Chili, Peru, Grey town, New Granada, &c. Sep, 20, E VW] Sep. 30, E Liver] [Oct. 5, ElDevol ...... t. 001 . t pool.P : Seg o SeP „port O ct ' 1 Sep. 26, E 1. .... Southl Oct. 17, M Southl Southl Sep. 26, E 1... Sept 2 o AtaP' 526 ... T . Sen . 16 larar • Ser. MOP' a 0 6 , 4' 4 SeP.' , ..... • Sep. 27, 3.1 south Oct. 10, M Sout Sep. 27, Mut h So „ SeP t l9 6 La rne I, e nt. ▪ D r (S o uth. ....... Oct. 3, M Sc!util. Sep. 23, E Liven •••- Oct' 5 21 MnP• sept• an3P. 1 6 Sep t '9 ,031 ) . seri ' OE laraV• foo.• • Sep. 23, E Liver] Sep. 21, 11l South ,o()L• • SeP t : pool. • °' r aw; !Sep. 23, EtLive] 00--t* 4 Lana_J—_,,,. loot. 3_, Misoui .7-..---- . so GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION. Her er W1N:7.40 Emigration Commissioners will receive tende rs d ° , ir (Tuesday) for three vessels to proceed from Graveseu , o se mouth, Liverpool, or Southampton to the East Didn't., eii for Bombay, to be ready for the reception of paWessgd oli e the 17th pros. ; one for Madras and Calcutta ; 1 "" e i, on for Bombay and Kurrachee, to be ready for pasesg the 20th proximo. • :s . s ol [ADVERTISEMENT.]—ThorIey's Food for Cattle irries, beginning to seriously attract the attention of the , e irtief breeder, and feeder of stock. Two years of ustre — 1 1 4 11 care and attention have enabled its inventor to tat tai sl , ground as a benefactor to these interests ; and n otssit s ole ( ' ing the many drawbacks, the malevolent s hafts ~ : l it ied against it and its probable utility, the food, from itS ttereg!' value, will become a necessity to the agricul tural islerfi b l a t Experience has proved, first, that it effects a eeu e " that '' saving in the consumption of provender; secondlEi to it s produces health and vigour in all animals s ubjecw,: re s i' ll influence : and lastly, increases in a remarkable det' s . till; early development of fat. Mr. Thorley, origillab7, itista“ singularly efficacious food, aimed at a compound ea'''eroise to supersede, to a certain extent, the tedious any,eigs OA mode then prevailing of fattening stall-fed beas nisrsl he happily succeeded ; and success prompted a very nit sP' desire to improve upon the invention, so as to sea ss ' s - pr plicable to every description of domestic, animl. l. ;0(1 01 lish farmer was slow to encourage its use, and ratus'sososseei unwillingness to rely upon its efficacy, fancying be P t° f in the produce of his farm, ample materials wherebyesi and fatten his cattle at a cheaper rate thanby the 81011 0 or addition of artificial food. The tests to which this foodcitesP been subjected have proved its perfect admissibility ag e l ot , addition to the natural produce of the farm ; juas re s u jo tic ° realised, and rendered marketable in two 0 1 t bs ,„ o oo usually consumed in developing fat ; it, therefore, ray,sia apparent that a certain saving is effected by a fair app resi nS of Thorley' s Compounded Food. It is believed that the P o .oe, unprecedented low price of wheat has induced its YerY. c i e , ot ral use, in preference to any other of the usual ar t ' io 0 food , it is, however, much questioned whether's/he:4011 nourishing and proper food for the working h Food,eebell it is not for cows or pigs. Mr. Thorley's h o y e the advantage of greatly invigorating the wa le and increasing the physical power of all anions their is a other, and gentle stimulant, and when mixed with theirtter o f food, materially assists their digestive powers tha t that ill! great consequence, since it is an undoubted fac''cone' nourishment contained-in their ordinary food is lost , ego organs upon the impaired or defective action of the c li r e ficio l organs ;it will also be found to be particularly bet, is in restoring to good working condition horses Whi cm ' o s si'• been ovep-worked, or become weak from disease, ~. s si naturally of a feeble constitution. In cows its effi et ' g th. undoubted, indeed almost marvellous, nearly deu b a isle!, yield of milk and butter, whilst it at the same time en s as the quality of both. In pigs its fattening quel ities i ssai feils, more remarkable, displaying in a few weeks its n os or h superiority over every other kind of corap9u nd factured food adopted in the feeding of svruie. Secitsisof been its marked success, that at all our great cattle. scatty: Royalty, noblemen and others who have fed tb el l i silt en Thorley's Food, invariably carried off the P . L . ;slea . prizes, whilst cards of commendation have been ny, til. The patronage of Royalty, of our principal 1119?„rsverl clergy, and of our leading agriculturists, Tau s " r si ssie great incitement to this gentleman to pursu e ilis '-' °O course ; and he may confidently rely, in p roducr tll highly-favoured a compound, on a continuatinn o' high 9Da 4istinguished patronage. BIRTHS. ' gr.' BRISTOWE.—On the 19 th inst. , at 11, CheSter44lSte st• Bristowe, of a daughter. GLyN.—On the 18th inst., at 4, Lowndes-street, tee , Leger Glyn, of a daughter. ~,„ Coal t KINTORE.—On the 15th inst ,at Edinburgh, “." • 11' of Kintora, of a daughter. ' t D rig ol RITCHIE.—On the 16th inst ., at 10, Lewes-creeea /(100e ton, the wife of Wm. Ritchie, Esq., Advocate-- of Bengal, of a son. , MARRIAGES. f All S_ A t' in s " HOLMES—COLEMAN.—On the 15th inst., a- t hirs. ,0 9 Church, Poplar, Mr. Samuel Durham Holmes , it S., ' 0 of the late James Holmes, Esq., l4.11•C•'; 1;10° Susanna Esther Coleman, only daughter of Nr• J. Coleman, Woodstock-road, Poplar. POWELL—JENKINS.—On the 15th inst., ler at Cooooll'ooo mouthshire, Thomas Powell, 'un , Esq. , °f the 114° 1. Monmouthshire, to Julia, eldestj daughter of the DEATHS. Jenkins, jun., Esq., of Caerleon. g BROWNE.—_On u t s h e e . 16th inst., at Hastings, .I"..g.itill.6raltif D s 0 . Brown e, me r s et barrister-at-law, e E r -saqt.. Esq., of the Contract -office, i'''..- iCX CRACE.—On the 18th inst., at HaMIDeESICaith, reder la a w ge , d a B ge L d 4 : . GAWTREs'S.—On the 18th inst ~William S. Gaw tresl4l .f 9 :: HAVISIDE.—On the 9th inst., in London, Ali tli°l3l l' o s, side, Esq., aged 81. r 0 Lag os, HOPE. — On the 18th July, drowned In the e at tr ; 110 61 ,.. ° ot West Coast of Africa, while in diecharg,rg OP' John Louis Hope, Lieut. Corunmading 11•'''''- Brune, aged 22. /1 10 11 1 Ilx•reitiNs.—On the 11th inst., the Rev. Wn t ' IN T Oa " ' D.D. rector of East Bridgford, county of - ° ~ 1 44 aged '77. Lonm.—On the 14th inst., at 12, Westbourne-terrii-° Edward Lord, Esq., aged 79. e a r' Pe' ~vs . a ta WILBRAHAM.—On the 15th inst., at St. Le °7l3L- Glotl Edward Wilbraham, Esq., Q.C., of HorsleYy shire, aged 74. PC) LONDON : Printed and Published by MUR , /40 . 11 of No. 112, Strand, P r i n t e r, at The Su C )6CB ° Strand, in the Precinct of th e Savoy. fa a le - Middlesex, Tuesday, Septe mber 20, 1859. 1 11 v itt 41z 7 tt Q h t but s„1. t t tit p] L .L ,~ - ' 0 L e t