The Sun. — London, England, 1859-03-19 00:00:00

• ( NAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT • GARDEN, under the sole Management-of Miss Louisa yue and Mr. W. Harris* For the Benefit of Miss Louisa Pyne. THIS EVENING, Auber's opera of the THE CROWN DIAMONDS : The characters by Miss Louisa Fyne, iss busan Pyne, Mr. Harrison, Mr. G. Honey, &c. Conductor—Mr. Alfred Mellon. • And a new ballet of action, ROBERT AND BERTRAND. Messrs. Payne, Miss Morgan, Mdlles. Morlachi and Pasquale. Commence at Seven, • riiii E ATRE-ROY AL, DRURY-LANE. Lessee—Mr. E. T. Smith. T HIS EVENING, will -be performed the original English Ballad Opera, entitled WILLIAM AND SUSAN. William Mr. Haigh ; Susan, Miss Lucette. Po conclude with the new pantomime, ROBIN HOOD ; or, Harlequin Friar Tuck and the Merry Men of Sherwood Forest. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Under the Management of Mr. Charles Kean. 'THIS EVENING will 'be performed THE CORSICAN BROTHERS. Mr. C. Kean. After which, a new grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled THE KING OF THE CASTLE; or, Harlequin Prince Diamond and Princess Brighteyes. rrHEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnckstone. A new Comedy, MILLINER TO THE KING ; or, The Royal Salute. Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews. With NOTHING TO WEAR. Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews. And the Opening Story of UNDINE. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer, THIS EVENING, OTHELLO. lago, Mr. Jas, Bennet. After which, STAGE STRUCK. Reduced Prices—Dress Boxes, 4s. ; Upper Boxes, 311. ; Fit, 11.• Stalls, 55.; Gallery, is. Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past 6 to commence at 7 every evening. 'MEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHL .11 Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. This Evening, ! DOMESTIC ECONOMY. John Grundy Mr. Wright. After which THE BENGAL TIGER. Mrs. A. Wigan, J. L. Toole, Mr. Billington, Mrs. A. Wigan, Miss Arden. To be followed by THE FIRST NIGHT. Mr. A. Wigan and Miss Keeley. To conclude with THE INVISIBLE PRINCE. Mr. L. Took, Miss Woolgar, Miss Arden, Miss Keeley, Miss Kate Kelly. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven f . Box o Office open from 10 to 5 —no charge for booking. No ees t servants permitted. A registry kept of all articles found. ROYAL STRAND THE,ATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborouv,h This Evening, will be presented MATRIMONIAL PRY SPECTUSES. After which, the new Extravaganza, KENILWORTH ; or Ye Queene. ye Earle , and ye B r ava Jenne And THE BONNIE FISHWIFE. Commence at 7 o'clock. ASTLEY'S ROYAL • AMPHITHEATRE, Westminster-road. Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke. Brilliant and unprecedented 'success of the new Dramatic Spectacle. THIS EVENING the performances commence with a grand new Spectacle, from the pen of R. Phillips, Esq., interspersed with extraordinary hippodramatic effects and striking situa tions, in three Acts, and entitled THE , HUNDRED CUIRASSIERS. Produced with new scenery, mechanical afrangements, gorgeous in I characteristic costumes, elabo rate equestrian and' spectacular appointments, and the hand somest. Stul. of Horses in the world. Characters by Messrs. Holloway, Phillips, Anson, Francis, Anderson, M. Howard. Herbert ; Mesdames Dowton, Blanche, JullaWeston, Thorne. To be followed by SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, intro ducing Miss Kate Cooke, Miss Emily Cooke, Madame Blanche, Madame Bridges, Maddlle. Fleurette, and Madame Fran cisco, being tne greatest amount of female equestrian talent ever seen in one night at any theatre. Grotesques : Messrs. Hemming and Thorne. To couclude with the CAPTAIN IS NOT AMES. Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, 3s. ; Pit. 2s, ; Gallery, ls.; Upper Gallery, 6cl. Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips. CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road.— Proprietor —C. MORTON. The public is most respectfully informed that the FINE ARTS GALLERY, in connection with the above Hall, IS NOW OPEN DAT AND NIGHT, from 11 o'clock a.m. until 12 Mock p.m. The New Gallery contains an extensive Collec- Jon of Pictures, by Ancient and Modern Masters and is also devoted to Art productions generally. The Proprietor feels lie may confidently , assert that, viewed altogether, the exist inr., Neale Hall, the New Fine Arts Gallery, and the recently adopplAnte-Hall, will present an attraction which, whether at regards the architectural beauty of the structures them selves, br the varied and hitherto unattempted combinations within, will be found to be wholly without parallel in the kingdom. - The MuAtcAL ENTERTAINMENT commences as usual at Seven o'clock. In addition to the usual entertainment, the SAUVLET FAMILY, of Amsterdam, Eight in number, whose varied Instrumental performances have created so marked a sensa tion In the principal cities and towns of the Continent, will )erform every Evening at Nine an 1 Eleven o'clock. THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, MARCH 19. THERMOMETER, TN THE SHADE. 57—highest sine,e noon yesterday. 43*-lowest this morning and during the night. 51—this day at noon. , IlxiimstrrErt--30.29 ; a sudden rise of half an inch. L . WIND, North Easterly; moderate, with very fine dry weather. THE SUN. SATURDAY. MARCH 19, 1859. The effect of Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S amendment, if carried, must be to inevitably postpone any Measureof Reform whatever until a future session. This Mr. ROEBUCK has clearly and distinctly ex plained, and the matter is well worthy the con• sidektion of every consistent Liberal. To either of the ex• Premiers, or their immediate followers, it may be the chief recommendation of the proceeding. They have already exhibited an extraordinary -love of procrastination, of postponing any matter that could be adjourned; or, if the public mind was too much excited to admit of direct neglect, of consigning it to the "limbo" of a Select Committee, by which it would be effectually shelved until the agitation had terminated, and the question could be disregarded with impunity. Lords JOHN RUSSELL and PALMERSTON have never of late years' exhibited any extraordinary zeal in the cause of Parliamentary Reform, and if they now display any:anxiety it is rather that they may be enabled, in pursuance of the recent compact, to occupy the Treasury Benches, and to place the present Ministry in the cold shade of Opposition. Will the independent Liberals join them in this course, and render the session of 1859 almost a blank ? We , believe not. The views put forward last night by Mr. ROEBUCK and Mr. Cox show that the party which can really decide between the Government and the Opposition are by no means -disposed to lend themselves to any paltry, petti fogging trick, and that before they make them selves auxiliaries to displacing the existing Govern ment, they will clearly ascertain the intentions of their probable successors. Mr. BRIGHT was by no means anxious to bring back Lord PALMERSTON to power, then why should he lend himself to a course, the, inevitable result whereof must be to cause a change of occupants in the official man =sions of Downing-street, and postpone the question of Parliamentary Reform for an indefinite period ? It is not only Mr. ROEBUCK and Mr. Cox, w h o are dissatisfied ! We have already commented on the letter of Earl GREY, which, although in some degree " out of order," yet went straightly and directly to the point at issue. Although not placed, in what would unquestionably be a more congenial atmosphere for his temperament, we readily recognise the claim which the Noble Lord possesses either to speak or write on the subject of Parliamentary Reform. He was educated in the faith, under a distinguished father. Earl GREY might truly have been designated as " the Apostle" of Reform, and although his son is now a member of the hereditary branch of the Legislature—he was, even while a mere boy, instructed in the true prin ciples by which a nation should be governed. With all respect for Mr. ROEBUCK, and giving him perfect credit for the candour, which no one who knows the Honourable and Learned Gentle man can . doubt, we think, that the time has passed for proceeding by resolutions. The Govern ment has brought, in a measure which, although very short of the requirements of the peo ple, may yet be easily' moulded into proper . shape in committee. It is admitted on every side save that of 'the . ultra-Tories —that it contains many goo d points. It practically 4-R *- • \ 0 -) • - b ..m 0 adopts the principle so consistently insisted on by Mr. LOCKE KING, and of which his determined energy and perseverance have ensured the success:. Can the hon. gentleman, or those who are disposed to co-operate with so able a leader, ignore that great fact, or prevent ,any possible chance of reform this session, for the purpose of makin,; either of the rival lords Premier ? We think not, and therefore we do not feel any great anxiety as to the result of the division on Monday evening. The true course will be to carry the second read- ing, and then to bring forward the requisite amendments in committee. There are openings for many ameliorations. The increase of the franchise is within the purview of the bill, and that may be extended to any extent, even to universal suffrage, if deemed expedient. Several boroughs are to be deprived of the privilege of returning one member. The number may be largely increased, and sundry others altogether disfranchised — all that can be done in committee. The rejection of the Bill will only stay the progress of improve ment. Again, there are many boroughs whose rights have been recognised to independent repre sentatives. The number may be increased or diminished, although there is no great probability of the latter course. The claims of Chelsea, Ken sington, and Hammersmith, may be fully con sidered ; any other populous districts may put forward their demands, and there is nothin g c , in the preamble of the Bill to prevent requisite attention from being directed to the subject. The great, the all-important point—that on which the greatest excitement exists—is THE BALLOT , or, in other words, full and complete protection for; the voter from every undue influence, whether it may be preferred in the shape of bribery, patron age, or intimidation, proceeding either from land lord, creditor, employer, priest, or customer ! or even the unrepresented gentlemen whose mild bludgeoneering arguments are so strongly approved of by Lord JOHN RUSSELL. The power of exer cising the suffrage by voting papers must inevitably lead io the Ballot. It is a step in the right di rection, and therefore we unhesitatingly say that any professing Liberal who votes in favour of Lord Jom'sr RUSSELL'S amendment must either be indif ferent to the principles of which the declares him self to be the advocate, or so ignorant of public matters, as to be no longer a suitable representative of an independent constituency. The question will speedily be decided, and as the votes of the independent Liberals must determine the result, we only hope that they may be given on the real merits, and without any party or factious motives. " I never could have believed that I was so grossly ill-treated, until I heard the statement of my counsel," said an unfortunate plaintiff, when he was non-suited. Lord CANNING may alio say that he could not have suspected that the despatch of the 9th of December, until referred to by Lord JOHN RUSSELL and another " good - natured ' friend, was either " a sneering, taunting, or ironical despatch," or one which in any degree merited Legislative censure. It is but a few days— within the present week—since we published the able document referred to. It will be found in extenso in our impression of Tuesday last. Let any disinterested and unprejudiced person carefully and dispassionately consider the question, and then declare, if he possibly can, that the despatch was either "sneering, taunting, or ironical." That may be the opinion of Lord PALMERSTON, and he seems to have rather unusually, of late days, coincided . with Lord JOHN RUSSELL, who had complained of its "cold and. sneering tone;" but it will not be the feeling of the country. The community will understand the perfect truth and justice of the in culpated despatch, and the correctness of the criticisms passed on some parts of Lord CANNING'S conduct, while he is, with equal justice, applauded for his general administration. We believe that there is but one potentate who claims infallibility—and certainly a Governor of one (we shall not call it a dependency), but an auxiliary kingdom, cannot complain of the fair suggestions of the Minister of the Sovereign of whom he is the representative. The uneasiness of Lord JOHN RUSSELL, the rest less anxiety of Lord PALMERSTON, might be ap peased by the assurance that it was intended to include Lord CANNING in the vote of thanks about to be bestowed on Lord CLYDE and the other dis tinguished persons who, whether in a civil or mili tary capacity, have so largely contributed to the complete suppression of the rebellion an d mutiny in India. Surely the greatest friend of Lord CANNING could not complain at the answer given by Lord STANLEY, who declared that the only reason why it had not been proposed at the commencement of the session, was that the disturbance had not then been completely sup pressed, or order restored, and India ;pac ified. Lord STANLEY could fearlessly appeal to the terms in which he spoke last session respecting the Governor-General; and surely if there could be selected in the entire house, in one whose hands the reputation and honour of Lord CANNING would be preserved!in tact, it would be in those of theipresent Secretary for India. An admirable precedent, as to the revision of our street nomenclature, has just been afforded in the reconstruction of a block of buildings in the Inner Temple. It may be remembered by many that last year witnessed the removal of a dilapidated row of houses on the right hand side of Inner Temple lane, immediately after passing out of Fleet-street under the arch of the ancient gateway. There, at No. 1, Inner Temple-lane, was the writable abode of the celebrated Doctor SAMUEL JOHNSON. There it was. that, on Tuesday, the 24th of May, 1763, Dr. JoinisoN received- his• first visit from his future biographer, JAMES BOSWELL, Esq., of Auchinleck. Mr. BOSWELL having, eight days previously, been introduced to the Doctor by Mr. THOMAS DAVIS, actor and bookseller, in the little back parlour at No.B, Russell-street, Covent-garden, behind the shop kept by the said actor and book seller. There it was—at No. 1, Inner Temple-lane —that B OSWELL (i n th e wor d s o f D r . BLAIR, of Edinb urg h) "found the Lion in his den." The Lion, by the way, being habited at the time in a rusty suit o f b rown clothes—having a little shrivelled, unpowdered wig, much too small for his head, perched o n the top of it—his feet thrust into unbuckled shoes by way of slippers—his black worsted stockings ill drawn u p—hi s s hi r t unbut toned at the neck and his breeches at the knees. Altogether a lion w ith his mane s t range ly dis hevelled, There it was —at N o. 1, Inner Temple lanc—that (according . to TOPHA M DEA UCLERK ' S account of the incident) Dr. JohNsoN, receiving a visit from A.ladalllC DE BOUFFLERS, conceived (after she had left him) that it was incumbent upon him .in politeness to see her to her coach, th e , waiting for her in the Strand.. " All at once," said 13EAUCLERK, wbo accompanied the elegant Frenchwoman in her. visit, "I heard a noise like thunder." It was JorrNsoN—" eager to show himself a man of gallantry, hurrying down the staircase in violent agitation"—JOHNSON , in j ust such another state of dishevelment as we have just described. BEAUCLERK describes his "costume almost in the same words as BOSWELL —" a rusty brown morning suit, a pair of old shoes by way of slippers, a little shrivelled wig sticking on the top of his head, and the sleeves of his shirt and the knees of his breeches hanging loose." No wonder that Beau BEAUCLERE: adds—" A considerable crowd of people gathered round, and were not a little struck by this singular appearance." There, too, at another time—hardby that same No. 1, Inner Temple-lane immediately outside Inner Temple-gate, in the Strand, appeared that strange spectacle of J OHNSON'S hilarity, described as having been witnessed by BOSWELL about midnight on Monday, the 9th of May, 1773. When Dr. JOHN - SON, writes BOSWELL, " burst into such a fit of laughter that he appeared to be almost in a convul sion ; and in order to support himself, laid hold of one of the posts at the side of the foot pavement, and sent forth peals so loud that in the silence of the night his voice seemed to resound from Temple Bar to Fleet Ditch." " This most ludicrous ex• hibition of the awful, melancholy, and vener able JOHNSON," writes the biographer, " hap pened well to counteract the feelings of sadness which I used to experience when passing from him for a considerable time :" Adding,—" I accom panied him to his door [No. 1, Inner Temple-lane], where he gave me his blessing." But that house —classic ground, trodden as it was familiarly by the footsteps of SA..IIUEL JOHNSON—was destroyed last year, by reason of its dilapidation. The stair case of the old house has been preserved, as a relic of the Great Doctor, to be kept and shown as such henceforth in the Crystal Palace at Sydenham. But the house itself and the contiguous tenements have been removed — have been destroyed—are now replaced by an en tirely new pile of buildings. Here is our precedent. These new houses in Inner Temple•lane have been just now re-christened: They will henceforth go by the name of Dr. Johnson's-buildings. In the intended revision of our street nomencla ture, why not take this incident really and truly as a rational precedent ? Why not consecrate classic ground, here and there, all over our metro polis, by affixing to it some appropriate name of immortality ? , Why not, for example, let the street disgraced by the infamous cudgelling of JOIIN DRYDEN by the clubs of hireling bravos, compensate for that brutal 'indignity by receiving henceforth the name of the great Laureate P A glance through LEIGH HUNT'S " Town" would be sufficient to suggest scores of other revisions quite as appropriate. We commend the notion to the good taste and judgment of our Commissioners of Metropolitan Improvements. COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) MARCH 19. ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON INTELLIGENCE.-A good many of the members have already got their yachts ready. Lord Colville, Lord Godolphin, James Maxse, Esq., P. Percival, Esq.,•Admiral Wal pole, Capt. Ponsonby, and several !other members, have been at, the Squadron•house this week. RAILWAY COMPETITION.—The directors of the South Coast Railway take passengers from Cowes to London, or from London to Cowes for 45.; this , includes the railway carriage, the omnibus from the rail to the Portsmouth pier, the pier dues, and the steamer to or from Cowes. Two-day return tickets are only ss. for 3d class; Bs., 2d class, and 10s. for Ist class—everything included. In Cowes there is as much excitement as during a contested election. The walls are covered with posters, and the shop windows are filled with bills. Special steamers are employed, and express trains, the dis tance from London to Cowes being done in three hours and a half. By goods train the charge has been, to linendrapers and others, 2s. 2d. per cwt. This is now very much reduced. ENGLAND AND AMERICA. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sut,—ln one of your leading articles of this evening's date I find the following paragraph, viz. : —" There may be, there undoubtedly is, more apparent economy in the State expenditure, year by year, in the Great North American re public. There, our brethren in the United States, are without the incubus of ou'r almost overwhelm ing civil list. They are without the stupendous burthen of a national debt, amounting to the fright ful aggregate of £800,000,000. They are not drained of annual taxes (as we were during this last year 1858) to the tune of £63,000,000. They are without the necessity of keeping up an army of 200,000 ; they arc without the trammels of red tape," &c. , To any one who has been a resident in the United States for a length of time, this diatribe against England in favour of the model Republic must appear most strange. . Asa nation the public burthens are light, and yet the people are more heavily taxed and more deeply involved in debt,_ than England or the English. During the past seven years the City of New York, alone, has been taxed to the amount of 38,000,000 dols., of which no ac count has been rendered beyond 18,000,000 dols. The railroad debt of the United States aniounts to nearly 1,200,000,000 dols., the different State debts, for which sectional portions of the States are responsible, to nearly another 1,000,000,000 dols. Instead of 200,000 men being kept under arms in the United States, there are more than 600,000 men kept constantly in a state of military efficiency. These are not kept in a state of efficiency without cost, and if they are not mismanaged through red tapeism, they are through the selfishness and folly of low demagogues. As you justly observe, " the Americans have plenty of Know-nothings, and by no means a multiplicity of do nothings—there are too manymischief-makers and destructives, who leave behind them traces of their handiwork—there is too much to be deplored to say they do nothing." _ _ . JOHNNY RAW. Westminster, March 17. The Nord says that the cabinet of Turin has sent to Paris a memoir in which it exposes all the aggressive acts of Austria for some months past. At Turin the editor of the Savoy Gazette has been sentenced to three months' imprisonment and a fine of 15,000 fr. for a libel upon the Marquis Costa de Beauregard and the Count de Very, on the occasion of their speeches in favour of the loan of 50 millions. A Paris letter in the Nord mentions a report that Prussia and England have resolved on ratifying in the c_ the double electiim of Colonel Co - Liza. The editor of the Delhi Gazette mentions that one year has elapsed since he returned to rebuild his establish pleat, which was totally destroyed in the mutinies. Within that time he has reorganised the press, re-established his paper, and obtained for it a circulation higher than it has ever reached before. ROYAL INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS.--At a special general meeting of this institute on the 14th instant, a peti tion to Parliament, praying that members of the institute should be entitled to vote, as such, foi members of Parlia ment, was agreed upon, and Mr. Tite undertook to present it.—The Builder. THE LARGEST rEE ON RECORD.—The Medical Times says :=-Scanzoni, of Wurtzburg, attended the Em press of Russia' in her last confinement, and received for his services £5,000. THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION MEETING AT ABER DEEN.—The amount contributed to defray local expenses connected with the British Association's meeting at Aber deen in the autumn is now upwards of £1,400. A committee of the. Law Amendment Society is now engaged in considering the Lord Chancellor's bill and Lord John RuSsell's bill, and will report on the subject in a short time. . e( Cheltenham Examiner) understand that Mr. C. J. Monk, who .had been named as orte of the Liberal candidates for the representation of Gloucester, intends again to contest the borough of Cricklade. pur chased the steamer Columbian from the European and The Peninsular and Oriental Company have Aus tralian Mail Packet Company. . " The accounts from Rome relative to the health of the King of Prussia," says a letter from. Berlin, " are very unfavourable. The intellectual strength of his Majesty appears to be completely exhausted, to Berlin, which had been .fixed for the end of May, has been again po s tp one d." His' return Captain Field has been appointed tothecommand of th e I ndus, which leaves to-day with the Calcutta and e the s,t Chin a mail. A post. offic e h as been fitted up o n board, in which th e homeward Calcutta and China mail will be sorted. PAIUJO N TO A N INNOCENT AfAii.—A full pardon i t I. oe a sacrl abeet f , t 1 1. 11 r 8 e l ee wanted ey' o a r by , the t st . Senator,S Helena, ee whosen ta a r , y e o ft. excited a t d a l s t i l e ' on f iud o for m de t he mt the complaint " Wilts fairneas,_aa - WcII as the tabiit x S c Of e the-case, whieh'iVere strongly placed before the Government by Mr. Solly Flood, theaccused'sleual adviser and by the merchants of Liverpool. The Paris Correspondent of the Morning Post (second edition) says : " The more I learn of the results of Lord Cowley's mission—if results they can be called—the more convinced am I that nothing has been done to remove the causes of war. I observe that in a leading article you call on the British Govern ment to report progress. What can be said ? Positively nothing ! The Emperor of Austria is determined to fight, although M. Buol and his civil advisers say there is no money in the exchequer ; and further, a probability of the Austrian empire breaking up from internal revolu tionary diScontent as well as external pressure. No matter, says Francis Joseph, I will not renounce my hold on Italy ; I will lose Lombardy or march on Turin, and there settle the Italian question. Mean while there are those in Paris placed in high places who hang fondly on the hopes of diplomacy ; who live in a cloud of words brought , to Paris by Lord Cowley ; and, I suspect, his Excellency has carried with him nothing but a cloud of words. Those who wish to arrive at correct conclusions will do well to fix their eyes on the Ticino—there they will find the theatre of a rapidly appearing struggle. The army authorities in Lombardy have' received orders to seize on all they require to provision the fortresses, prepare for a cam paign, and pay the landowners and peasants with Austrian paper ! Ere long the Austrian troops in Italy will be 'in the position of imperial brigands, with orders to fight their way up to Turin. War preparations continue on both sides of the Ticino as usual. The great difficulty on both sides seems to consist in finding horses. " Whilst I am fully convinced that war will take place about the end of June next, the Govern ment organs of the Paris press pretend to believe in peace. The Pays talks of Lord Cowley halving brought the bases of negotiations, &c. All this is inspired by those who express their hopes, rather than convey what they know to be true." The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office Advices have been received from Naples to the 15th inst. The operation which the King has undergone has been ineffectual. A tumour in the groin is feared, and also gangrene or caries in the thigh. Cardinal Riario has ordered public prayers for his Majesty's recovery. The public Funds fell 2f. VIENNA, MAIICII 18. Funds have risen since the close of the Bourse one per cent., on account of favourable news from Paris. Advices from Milan state that the public feeling in that city is quieter. TURIN, FRIDAY. The official Piedmontese Gazette contradicts the suggestions of the .Presse of Paris of the lath March, and points out that the policy of the Sardinian -Government, it says, has been neither provocative nor revolutionary, but always national and liberal. The confidence which it inspireS, and the admirable concord which prevails throughout the country, show that this policy is approved of. The Sardinian Government accepts with satis faction the manifestations of sympathy and the offers of co-operation of all men • of good faith, without regard to what their past may have been; but at the same time, its firm determination is not to concert, with tho.-.e incorrigible persons who prejudice the national cause .by disturbances of sect or faction. BERNE, MARcu 18. Orders have arrived here to buy up for the Sar-• dinian Government all the horses which can be pro cured,. • The expression of public opinion in the French The St. Petersburg Gazette states the Cabinet of St. Petersburg appears decided on energe tically defending in the conference the double election of Colonel Couza. That journal even, pro poses the admission at the conference of a repre sentative of the united provinces. The Greek Government, whose interests are not very visibly connected with the political questions now under consideration in the western parts of Europe, has demanded from the Chambers a credit of two millions of drachmas (1,600,000 fr.) in order to provide against eventualities, which ; however, it does not define. It has also, letters from Athens state, given orders in France for three batteries of artillery, and had applied a sum of 400,000 drachmas (320,000 fr.) for the purchase of rifle muskets. ELECTION INTELLIGENCE. HARWICH, FRIDAY EVENING. The contest began with great spirit on both sides, and the. Campbell committee claimed the majority up to 11 o'clock, the candidates .during that time having been more than once on an equality. At 12 o'clock there was only a difference of two, Captain Jervis having polled 119, and the 'lion. Mr. Camp bell 117. From this time, although the voting was slow, the majority for Jervis' . gradually increased until at the close it had reached . 11. The instant the;church clock pointed to 4,, the hustings, accord ing to custom at Harwich, were •attacked and de molished, but as no resistance whatever was offered to this somewhat lawless proceeding, it had not the character of a breach of the peace. The Mayor having adjourned the. proceedings to the ToWn-hall, announced the numbers to be— Jervis . Campbell . 134 . . Majority for Jervis' ' • 11 And hiS worship declared Capt. 'Jervis to be duly elected. The gallant captain afterwards returned thanks from the window of the White Hart Hotel. MR. GLADSTONE'S LETTERS ON THE NEAPOLITAN STATE TRIALS. (From the Daily News.) Nearly eight years have now elapsed since the publication of that first letter addressed by the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone to the Earl of Aber deen, which contributed so much to engage the public opinion of England on behalf of the noble martyrs of Italian liberty then' suffering, as they have continued to suffer, the extreme of cruelty inflicted by the modern l)ionysius of, the Two Sicilies, under the implied sanction and 'protecting superintendence of his Imperial, Royal, and Apos tolic Majesty of Austria. Mr. Gladstone's pam phlet, which created an European sensation at the time, and which, it will be remembered, was so far adopted by the cabinet of Lord John Russell, in 1851, that Lord Palmerston; being then Foreign Secretary, sent copies of it to our ministers at each of the . European courts, has long been out of print, and cannot now be easily procured. We therefore think it worth while at this moment, when a few —and be it remembered, only a few—of the most distinguished Victims of the infamous tyranny of Naples have succeeded, thanks to the imminent menace of a French war, in obtaining their release, and have been landed upon our own shores, to fur nish our readers with some extracts from Mr. Glad stone's first letter, in order to refresh their recol lection of the justly indignant vehemence with which an honourable English gentlemen, a Conser vative statesman, whose political principles have consistently attached him to the legal maintenance of all existing governments at home and abroad, came forward as a personal witness of the villany of a king and his,. ministers, .to denounce that almost incredible system of wickedness, that com plete and unparalleled fabric of injustice, hypocrisy, falsehood, and ferocity, which has nevertheless been tolerated by the devotees of what is called " Order." Without further comment, we proceed to give some extracts, and a little analysis of the letter, which was dated the 11th July, 1851, addressed to the Earl; late Minister of Foreign Affairs, and pub lished by Mr. Murray, of Albermarle-street, under the title of • " The State Prosecutions of , the Neapolitan Government," as a pamphlet of 32 pages. Mr. Gladstone commenced by explaining the motives which had induced him thus to trouble his noble friend with a statement " which you will find," he says, " painful, nay, revolting to the last degree." He had been impressed, during a resi dence of three or four months at Naples, with a " deep sense of the duty of making some attempt to mitigate the horrors amidst which the govern ment of Naples is carried on." It was not' for the purpose of political criticism or censorship that he had gone there, but from circumstances puKely of a domestic character. " I disclaim," he says, " po litical propagandism, and I did not go to look for grievances." As a member of the Conservative party, be remarks, his naturally disposed-to sup -port the reigning monarchies of Europe ; but his own actual observation, and the most authentic in forniation which could be'proeured, have convinced him of following pi'opoitions the present practices of the governmeiit'or Naplo, in reference to real or supposed political offenders, arc an outrage upon religion, upon civilisation, upon humanity, and upon decency. Secondly, that these practices are certainly, and even rapidly, doing the work of republicanism in that country — a political creed which has little, natural or habitual root in the character' of the people . The go ' vernment of Naples, in its social, like its physical position, is under the shadow of a volcano, and is doing everything in its power, froth day to day, to give reality to its own dangers, arid fresh intensity, together with fresh cause, to its own fears LATEST NEWS. THE INDIA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIAN MAILS. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, SATURDAY MORNING. The steamship Ceylon, Captain Evans, has arrived, and brings 136 passengers, X 10,700 in specie, 2,014 bales silk, and general cargo. She left Alexandria March 7th ; Malta, 11th ; Gibraltar, 14th. Prince Gholam Mahomcd, Prince Ferozeshah, Prince Bukht, and nine attendants are passengers. At 5 p.m. yesterday she exchanged colours with the sailing ship Nepaul and the Company's steamer Jeddo, for Lisbon. Her Majesty's ships Euryalus and Caradoc, the Royal Mail steamer Teviot, the Peninsular and Oriental steamer Panther, Austrian stegaer Arca dia, United States' steamer Macedonian, and the usual Egyptian fleet were at Alexandria. . At Malta were her Majesty's ships Marlborough, Conqueror, Centurion, Princess Royal, Vulture, Ariel, Recruit, Tartarus, and Medina ; also the Russian ship of war Cesarewitch and corvette Medlead. At Gibraltar, her Majesty's ship Argus. Exchanges at Gibraltar—on London, 501 to I ; Paris, 528 ; Marseilles and Genoa, 529. The Ripon, with outward India and China mails of the 4th, hence, arrived at Gibraltar on the 10th. The following telegram has been received by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Com pany this day : " The ?era, which left Southampton, with the Bombay and Australian mails on the 12th instant, reached Gibraltar yesterday afternoon ; all well. Detention caused by terrific gales." The Paris correspondent of the Times' (second edition) says : "Of the interview between the Emperor and Lord, Cowley yesterday I can give no details ; but , the fact which _ principally concerns us is;;: that there is very good ~reason. to. believe that' peace will be • maintained. The French Emperor now knows all his Austrian brother will concede, and is said to be satisfied. I should not like to raise hopes of an exaggerated nature ; but I cannot do otherwise than assure you that at the present hour there are grounds for believing that the danger of war has passed away, and thus the ardent wishes of the French people so far satisfied. Whether the solution of the ' Italian question' will be by means of a congress or some other pacific machinery I do not yet know, but, settle how it may, I believe the peace of Europe will not be disturbed for the present by France. " I learn that an aide-de-camp of Prince Napoleon left Paris yesterday for Nice or Turin ; that the Prince himself desired to go, but the Emperor set his ft;ce against it. What was the mission en trusted to his agent ? I cannot say ; but I should not be surprised if it was to prevent the Pied montese from perpetrating some egregious piece of folly at this critical moment." cantons of Switzerland is strongly in favour ofcon yoking the Federal Diet. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY. Some of the journals state that petitions to the Emperor are being signed in Algeria, praying that the colony may be erected into a vice-royalty for Prince Napoleon. BOURSE, March 18.—The general tone of the market has been better, but business still remains limited. Threes, after having been done at 68f. and 68f. 10c., receded to 67f. 85c., and are now at 67f. 955 c. Mobilier varied from 785 f. to 775 f. ; Orleans, 1,345 f. to 1,340 f. ; Lyons, 836 f. 25c. to 832 f. 50c. ; Southern, 512 f. 50c. to 510 f. ; Austrian, 532 f. 50c. to 530 f. ; Lombado-Venetian, 507 f. 50c. to 505 f. The following were the last quotations : 41 per Cents. .... 94 2.5 Do. end mouth. 3 per Cents 6B 05 Do. end month.... 67 '9O Bank Shares. 2BOO Credit Mobilier .. 777 50 Do. Account 775 Credit Foncier 645 Belgian 41 9B 25 Piedrnonteso (5) Roman B5 Austrian Spanish Threes Home Debt — RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans .1337 50 .. 1137 50 Northam . 925 .. 925 New ditto 790 ' .. 795 Lyons and Mediterranean B3l 50 .. 832 50 New ditto Geneva 530 - .. 530' - Midi — .. Southern Western 595 .. 595 Eastern Grand Central — .. Sardinian Austrian Exehange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 12c. ; money, 25f. 10c.'; three months, paper, 251. 21c.; money, 24f. 971 c. COCHIN CHINA. By the last China mail accounts from Touron, in Cochin China, tothe 18th Jan. have arrived :—" The situation of the Franco-Spanish expedition was satisfactOiy." Rains, however, had re-commenced, but with less intensity than before. The Annamite *army, which had disappeared for nearly a month, had resumed its former positions, and had com menced the construction of a circular line of small forts and redoubts at about two miles from the allied camp. To prevent the continuance of these works the French and Spanish had made severa sorties, all of which ended in the-defeat of the Annamites, with rather large loss in killed and wounded, and with the loss of 14 pieces of cannon and considerable stores. On two occasions the Annamites made a vigorous resistance, and among . the killed in 'one of, the combats was a mandarin, nephew of the Emperor; commander of the artil lery, as -well as .. some . superior officers. Several prisoners Were taken, and are to be sent to Manilla. After, these combats the Annamite army retired in the direction of PhUtuon. - The Pregent, which had been sent to the coast of Touquin to look after the missionaries, had returned, having on board several Spanish Dominicans. The persecution of the Christians was so severe that the villages occu pied by them were being burned down, and their populations carried into captivity. A mass for the repose of the soul of Mgr. Reford had been celebrated in the French camp, and a resolution had been come to that a monument should be erected to his memory on the heights of Tiencha. Admiral Rigault de Genouilly was preparing to attack Hue, the capital; at the end of February or beginning of March. The French had purchased two steam corvettes, the Lily and the Rose, which draw little water, and in addition to the English steamer Scotland, the command of which had been given to a Frenchman, had freighted two merchant ships. The fortifications of Touron were completed, and were strong enough to resist any attack, though they will not be fully armed. until the arrival of new. guns expected from France.". A communication from Vienna, in the Nuremberg Correspondent, states that an envoy is to be shortly sent by the Austrian Government to London, and that Field Marshal the Prince de Windischgratz is to be selected to carry an autograph letter from the Emperor Francis Joseph to Queen Victoria. THIS DAY'S SHIPPING. LONDON, March 19.—Wind this day at noon, N.N.E. ; lightlreeze, and fine weather. QUEENSTOWN, March 17.--Wind S.W.—Arrived— Elizabeth, Honduras. PokrsmQu'rir, March 17.—Wind W. to N.W.—Ar rived7-d-retifells; from Sunderland for Coquimbo; Mar garet I.liMdas from S u nderland for Point de Gallo, with loss ofpart dbulwarks, and bulkheads started. . P,LYMOUTII, March 18.—Wind N.W.—Sailed—Earl of liardwiCle, for Madras. • ITOLYHEAD, March 18.—Wind S.W.--Sailed—Armorial, for - 11aVaunah: F.A.tMLOUTH, March 18.—Arrived—Triumpb,from Shields, to .top a leak. SpiELus, March 18.—Wind W.N.W.—Arrived—Esther, from Huelva. OFF DARTMOUTH, March 18.—Arrived—Nepaul, from London: for Melbourne ; .Sword Fish, from London for Nevi Zealand. • (BY - ELECTRIC TELEGRAPIO • LIVERPOOL, Saturday Morning. Wiiid ; W.N.W., fresh. Arrived, March 18—Morning Light, from Melbourne ; ClaraNth , ello, from Rouen. Arriyed, March 19—Carioca, from Buenos Ayres ; Con stitution, from Galveston. Off—Sir William Eyre, from Melbourne ; William Fair bairn, Loodianah, and Favourite. • Sailed 7 -Sarawale, for Philadelphia.; Montmorency, for Melbourne; Guildford, for Garboon; Margaret,ifor Am brik PerSia l stearher, for Nev Icork.• . Tire Morning Light left in company with the Saldanha curd "Tornado, Royal Bride steamer, for Bristol, was to sail on the 28th December ; and the Royal Mail screw steamer Oneititt frir Suez on the 21st January. • A het:vy gale at Ilobson's Bay on the 21st of December. Ellen Ster:-art, William Jackson, Prince Alfred, Resolute, Maidstone, and Earl, Grey were more or less•datuaged by chafing . , • • ••• • - - The American barque Onward drove alongside the Royal Bride, carrying away latter 's jibbooru and damaging her Self. (By slArcls'lNE AND BRITISH.TELEGRAPH.) - GILVV]:: , IND, Saturday Morning. Wind W.N.W.T.; tide one how's flood, weather fine. Arrived, March 18—Hoppet, from Moulmein; Flora, from. Amsterdam ;' Ph(cix, front Pofto • Rico ; Symmetry, front' Muggwagh ; Martha, from Gergenti ; Bravo, from Alexandria; Brothers. from Od6sa Testadlen, from Fre deiickstadt; Conimodore, froth Bathurst. Sailed, March 19.—Rhine, steamer, for Ostend ; Beiston, Cotle,Yor Bombay. • •-•- ' • DEAL, Saturday Morning. Wind N. N. W., moderate. '• . Passed--Faith, ; for the Cape of Good Hope • Wilhelmin, ,for Syra ; Rosalie, for Swansea ; General' Williams, screw steamer, for Athens—all from London . ; Fingalton, from Sheernese,. for. CArthagena ; Naparaden, bri g , and Agea, brig, from Shi e ld s; f or C ons t an ti nop le ; E r i e ;from Shields, for the United States. Sailed.—Majestic, Honewoll, Amazon, Asia, ThomaS 'Mitchell, Edith Moore ; Persia, °telltale, Elrond Prinsen, Crcassian, Ew°ad; JAI, Scottish Maid, Witch, Brie]:ly Hill, Empress Eugenie, Rosemitrvel, Heroine, Criteria ; with nit of the outward bound, pais over the consideration of the whole ground work of governing authority in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies at this moment. I shall not in quire whether, according to reason and social right, the actual government of that country be one with or without a title—one of law or one of force. I shall assume that the constitution of January, 1848, spontaneously given, sworn to as irrevocable with every circumstance of solemnity, and never to this day either controverted or ostensibly revoked, though contravened in almost everyact Of the govern ment, never existed, and is a pure fiction.". Mr. Glad stone then suggests, with regard to our own in terest in this question, that " a question may arise in reference to the treaty of 1844 between the Two Sicilies and England, upon some parts of which, as a colleague of your lordship, I had the honour to be employed." Again approaching that picture of evil which which he is about to delineate, he observes : "I am persuaded that, in reading this letter, you will feel disposed to ask, how can con duct so inhumann and monstrous be pursued with out a motive ? and what can be the motive here ? To answer that question fully, I must enter into the history of the Neapolitan constitution. Ido not refer to the struggle waged by the King of Naples against his Sicilian subjects. My subject is the conduct of the Government of that sovereign . towards his Neapolitan or .continental subjects,' through whose fidelity and courage the subjuga tion of Sicily was effected." ." There is a general impression," he then observes, " that the organisation of the Governments of Southern Italy is defective—that the administra tion of justice ,is tainted with corruption—that instances of abuse or cruelty among subordinate public functionaries are not uncommon, and that political offences are punished with severity, and with no great regard to the forms of justice." This is the mild and favourable view of the matter, which Mr. Gladstone repudiates as altogether in adequate to the blackness of the real case. " Had this supposition of the state of things been accurate," says he, "I should have spared myself this labour. The difference between the faintest outline that a moment's handling of the pencil sketches, and the deepest colouring of the most elaborately finished portrait, but feebly illustrates the relation of these vague suppositions to the actual truth of the Neapolitan case. " It is not merely imperfection, not corruption in low quarters; not occasional 'severities, that I am about to describe; it is incessant, systematic, deli berate violation of the law by the power appoint e d to watch over and maintain it—it is open violation of human and written law, as there carried on for the purpose of violating every other law, unwritten, eternal, human, or divine—it is the wholesale per secution of virtue when. united with intelligence, operating upon such a scale that entire classes Inv with truth be said to be its object, so that the Govern ment is in bitter and cruel, as well as utterly illegal hostility to whatever in the nation really lives, and moves, and forms the mainspring of practical pro gress and improvement—it is the awful profana tion of public religion, by its notorious alliance in the governing power with the violation of every moral law under the stimulants of fear and yen- geance—it is the perfect prostitution of the judicial office which has made it, under veils only too thread bare and transparent, the degraded recipient of the vilest and clumsiest forgeries, got up wilfully and deliberately by the immediate officers of the crown for the purpose of destroying the peace and free dom—aye, and even if, not by capital sentences, the life—of men amongst the most virtuous, upright, intelligent, distinguished, and refined of the whole community—it is a savage and cowardly system of moral as well as, in a lower degree, of physical torture, through which the sentences extracted from debased' courts of justice are carried into effect. • " The effect of all .this is .a total inversion of all the moral and social duties. Law,.instead of being respected, is odious. Vorce, not affection, is the fcundation of government. There is no association, but a violent antagonism, between the idea of free dom and that of order. The governing power, which teaches of itself that it is the image of God upon earth, is clothed, in the view of the overwhelming majority of the thinking public, with the vices for its attributes. I have seen and heard the strong and too true expression used,- 7 -' This is the nega tion of God, erected into a system of government. " Mr. Gladstone goes on to speak well of the dispo- - sition of the unfortunate Italian and Christian popu lation who are doomed to groan under this horrible yoke. , confess my amazement at th e gen tl eness of character which has been shown by the Neapoli tan people in times of revolution. It really seems as. if the hell-born spirit of revenge had no place what ever in their . breasts. I kxow that at any rate some illustrious victims arc supported by a spirit of Chris tian resignation, and by their cheerful acceptance of the will of God.. But the present persecution is awfully aggravated, as compared with former ones. It differs, too, in this—that it seems to be especially directed against those men of moderate opinions whom a government well stocked with worldly prudence, whom Machiavelli, had he been Minister, would have made it his study to conciliate and atfach. These men, therefore, are being cleared away, and the present efforts to• drive poor human nature to extremes cannot wholly fail in stirring up the ferocious p as sions which never, to my belief, since the time of the heathen tyrants, have had so much to rouse, or so much to palliate, when aroused, their fury." After this impressive preamble, Mr. Gladstone states that the number of political prisoners con fined in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, at the period of his visit, was variously estimated, lAA that he does . not reckon it below 20,000, and in NapleS alone sornehundreds were under indictment at the moment of his writing. In the trial of the 15th of May, which was then expected shortly to Come on, the number capitally charged was 400 or 500, " including," as he. tells Lord Aberdeen, " one or more • peAons- of hi g h. s t a ti on , w h ose op i n i on S would be considered in England more-conservative than your own." He adds, that the number 'of refugees, or of persons variously concealed, lira': greater than the numb er ac t ua lly i m prisoned. It very large proportion of those prisoners belong to the middle classes ; very few of them have jad e "' pendent means of support for their families ; not to mention that, as Mr. Gladstone was informed, confiscation or sequestration upon arrest was fre quent; so that generally each case of a prisoner or, refugee becomes the centre of a separate circle human misery, and the system bears on wl'°.„ . le classes—on those claSses upon which the health solidity and progress of a nation mainly delwe • He then makes the following precise statement:-." " Nearly all those who formed the opposition 1 ! the Chamber of Deputies under the constitution ar e iii prison or in exile. The Chamber had br i t elected twice over, and with very little change, bu t that little in favour of the opposition. Not one ° the body had been brought to t r i a l, a lthough °n a c of them had been assassinated by a p r iest name d Peluso, well known in the streets of Naples wh,, e ; I was there, but who was never ques tioned I ` ) ., the act, and said to . receive a pension fr ° ,, „- , the . Government. The full co m pl emen t of t' Chamber of Deputies was 164, elected by a c ,,IP stituency which brought, to the poll about 117,v voters. Of these about 140 was the greatest li tu ; ber that came t o N a pl es t o exerc i se the funeti°, l l s of the Ch am b er . A n a b so l u t e ma j or it y of number, or 76, besides some others who had be e e deprived of o ffi ce , h a d b een arres t e d or h a d s • into exile ; so th a t a ft er th e regu l ar f orma tion °J . ,, e representativ e Ch am b er , an d it s suppress i on in teeth of the law, the Government of Naples h> consummated its audacity by p u tti ng i n t o pri son, or driving into banishment for the sake of eseaP": prison, an actual majority of the representative' the people." So the constitutional parliament has been • ' posed of en masse. Now let us see how, according to Mr. Gladstone's report, the i n di v id ua l citiz en d fares under this paternal despoti s m. The law; Naples—he means the old law, ante r io r to and hill pendent of the constitution—r equ i res th a t person , liberty shall be inviolable, except under a watt from a court of justice ; the w arran t mus t proe t i o upon actual depositions, and th e na t u re of charge be stated. "In u tt er d e fi ance o f this , the Government, of which the prefect of police t an important memb er , through the agents of ti l° . department, watches and dogs the people, PI; domiciliary visits, very commonly a t n i g ht, rano' „ the houses, seizing papers and effects, and tear l .'`; up floors at pleasure, under pretence of searehl,',, j 7, for arms ; it imprisons men by the score, by l' t hundred, by the thousand, without any War,',. lin o whatever, sometimes without even any wr"'i Ll authority at all, or anything beyond the word °I . t policeman, constantly without any statement ever of the nature of the.offenee. Nor is this ir e ,. fact wonderful ; men are arrested, not because tu ja, have committed or are believed t o h ave comraitteit any offence, but because they are persons when', o f, is thought convenient to confine or to get li t ' b p' And against whom, therefore, some charge' DI U ' S' • found or fabricated." . • the .Mr.. Gladstone then describ es P a rti c ularlY :mode in :whiCh the .seeret examinations of the s e , soner are conduct&l, in order "to tretite:a ehal which as yet does •not in fact exist." 'He teL how the m an i s i nsu lt e d an d annoye d o n P or, pose to make him lose his temper and utter 7,c• expression which may be construed into disa" Bi s:4 tion or , disapproval of th e G overnmen t— w hich even be taken as expressin g some i n t en ti o ns 0' volution or regicide. " Thoughts are forged," s tl ij, Mr. Gladstone, " in order that they may be pun f sh i e d I here speak of what I know to have happened , I have imagined or heightened nothing." ,y g The next portion of his subject is the long de es tion usually inflicted before trial. " I do not harr o i to have heard," he significantly obse rv es, "of 11 , e5 e ' one tried at Naples on a political c h arg e in i „ r t is last timeswith less than sixteen o r eight e en la° ll t ill of previous imprisonment. I h ave seen well s s is waiting who had been confined for twenty p ot months—and this confinement b egu n by an ae' of law, but of f orce , i n d e fi ance o f l aw. There.;, be cases of arre s t un d er warran t , a ft er d e positl ° f o ; but they are entirely exceptional. So muel` t he the principle which we prize in England under title of our habeas Corpus! . 0 0 With regard now to the conduct of proseent' - n ot let us see what Mr. Gladstone say s :—" I d°,,, e ' scruple to assert that when every effort has " - r used to concoct a charge, if possible, out of the ti,io version and partial prodUction of real evidence , a to often fails, and then the resort is, to perjury an io forgery: The miserable creatures t o be foun' t he , most communities,-but especially in this, where,ol ~ Government is the great agent of co rr uption Tro t o . the people—the wretch e s w h o a re rea dy to se l 'attl, . liberty and life of fello w - su bj ec t s f or go ld, an throw their own souls into th e b arga i n —are d e l g e e; rately employed by the executive power to del' ho oi according to their inven ti ons , aga i ns t th e me n W,,55 it is thought desirabl e t o ru i n . Th ese depoO es t ; are generally made in the coarsest and cluof k r •, manner, and they bear upon. the evidence of 13 ,ir hood, in absurdities' and self-coptradictions, 1 0 1: mulated even to nausea. But what th e n ? 14 ,se the calculation. If there be plenty of it, of it, according to the vulgar ph rase , w ill 001 Mr. Gladstone dwells somewh a t u p on this infeLst principle of obtaining a conviction by the e pt quantity of charges broUght against an ine° c e prisoner, who may after nine-t en th s o f th o se cha r have fallen to the ground, be destroyed hi e l e y remnant of accusation which he cannot foro • refute. To quote our author, " the whole pr° c , f i ing is linked together, from first to last. The, soner may have counter-evidence mountains '',i l s but he is not allowed to bring it ; I know thL i ssl hardly credible, but it is true. The very men ' while I was at Naples named and appealed to the counter-evidence of scores and hundreds of nie lj rl r all . classes and.p ro f es Si ons , m ilit ary, clergy, g(rietf ment functionaries, and the rest ; but in e' t he instance with, I believe, one single ex c eption,' se a s court—the grand criminal court o f justicere lll lo o to hear it ; and in that one case the person, 11 ' ne s called, fully bore out the statement of the pris ° ",it Of course the assertion of the acc u sed, how te r, supported by the evidence of station and chara, c i s goes for nothing against the sm all remainitigit;t ment, not self-destroyed of the fictions of the lest wretches, however such a fragment be brousg, beneath presumption of falsehood ; and this fares ment, being thus secured from* confutation, l et e s, the pillow on which the con s cie nces o f the ja (i 101 after their work of condemnation, calmly /do quietly repose." In another place he says, not allege that the judges of Naples are all 11 l stem, but they are slaves. They are very nuiner ° .r: very ill-paid, and they hold their offices dar l o 0 f 'pleasure. Perhaps the eight judges who are fl ie s trying political prisoners by the hundred atlsT°,l ) 4 may have amongst them about. one-h a lf the s l i - t io .of an English pursue judge." He refers also to l jo tyrannical severity with which they are treatel o o case of their deciding against the accusa l I l i , brought by Government—" not that it aet et/ ii cl signifies much, as the Government arrest 5 .4 imprison without any warrant, and thi n k netb i r st of keeping' men' in prison, after th e y h ave been R nt punished by two or three years of imprisonra s ," and terror, and - then solemnly d ec l are d gu iltl o . o ; He then specifies six cases of men- who, after ber acquitted, still remained in prison. r orr Reverting, h owever , t o t h e ear li er stages of seeution, we are 'told how, after'a person has ,4t• arrested without any wa r r an t, without .6:11Y nesses against him, " when the forged testiO os i , has been procured, the Government are in a Pa n t Lion to present it to the court, obtain a warrant,' ii ,"" ( l. so far to legalise the imprisonment." Mr. u he so stone then proceeds to inquire " how are t',i o tl detenatilreated during the long and awful Pe,.. 0 . 0 1 of apprehension and dismay between their ill s o 0 seizure and their illegal trial ?" This investige, o w leads him i n t o d e t a il s w hi c h are p h ys i ca lly re, s oo ing, almost beyond imagination to conceive. i po prisons of Naples are another term for the extre.g -of, filth and horror. I have really seen someti l i ' o i of them, but not the worst. This I have seen' lord—the official doctors not going to the skis Po soners, but the sick prisoners, men almost Wl o t death on their faces, toiling upstairs to them, at ti r e , charnel-house of the Vicaria, because the lower ;;ions of such a place of darkness are too foul ti fe s , loath Some to allow it to be expected that P r° l . e s' sional men should consent to earn bread by .r o l ' i bo ing them. As to diet, I must speak a word i•or t he bread I have seen. Though black and coarse to 00 last degree, it was sound. The soup, which O r o ; the only other element of subsistence, is so nau se° , as I was assured, that not hi ng b ut t h e extrem e , to hunger could over com e the repugnance of nate i ii . ' it ; I had not th e means of tasting it. The fli`,;istl the prisons i s b east l y ; t h e off i cers, except a t gig hardly ever enter them." We cannot find space on this occasion for de further extract's, and must leave this ge neral l ir• scription to speak for itself. The details whiell Gladstone subsequently gives us of the dre °t tlie state of the several prisons, and especiallYaios Baguio of Nisida, in which Poerio wore his e l '! 0 01, so long, completely bear out, and even go beY tic s the foregoing account. We mu s t defer these t l e o tations, however, and the narrative of the eft s to Poerio and, • his companions in misfortun e. • another occasion. THE CONDEMNED CONVICTBIBTiI;TT.- -- Th e sell tence •of death passed at the late assizes at Nottinit t i:o upon Thomas Brown Birkett, farmer, for the murder ooelo gamekeeper Watmough, at Barnley-M-the-Willo w ' or ts' Newark in all probability be comm u ted to tran s P tion for the Home Secretary having advised hertPeeo jesty to that effect. In the meantime the convict has A respited .until her Majesty's pleasure shall be kn°.` s e l ,.. / 0 letter fe the Sheriff.of Nottittgli ft ,m, this ,11- ,t tion, was received from the I-lonic-office on Wednesu a /' conveyinK ~. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAYf:TVENING, MARCH 19, 1859. 1E bu PI T 1 hi st