The Sun. — London, England, 1860-09-19 00:00:00

RoYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN—under the Management of Miss LOUISA TYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON—wiII open for the Fifth Season on MONDAY, October Ist. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. BuCkStOne. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with THE OVERLAND ROUTE. M essrs. William Farren, Buckstone, Compton, Chippendale, Rogers, Miss Florence Raydol, Miss Weekes, and Hrs. Wilkins. After which, the new farce, entitled FITZSMYTHE OF FITZSMYTHE HALL. Messrs. Buckstone, W. Farren, and Rogers ; Mrs. Wilkins and Miss Henrade. To Conclude with FISH OUT OF WATER. Mr. Compton. Commence at 7. ADELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. .Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Gr oeess of the new Drama, by Dion Boureleanit, Esq., The Colleen Bawn."—Miss Agnes Robertson every even- Ing. THIS EVENING, THE LOAN OF A LOVER. Messrs. W. Smith, Billington, Romer, C. J. Smith, and Miss Emily Thorne. —---- - - - - - After which, THE COLLEEN BAWN. D. Bourcicault, D. Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer. Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. 13111ington, and Mrs. Chatterley. To conclude with MUSIC HATH CHARMS. Mr. David Fisher. _ - - - - Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-effice open from 10 till 5. No charge for booldng. l?vate boxes, £2 28. ; Family Boxes,'.£l. Orchestra alls, Os. , ri.tonny 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, $B. ; Fit Stalls, 28.; Pit, ls. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. — Proprietor and Manager, Mr. WM. BATTY. Last Nights of " Mazeppa." This Evening, Lord Byron's splendid Hippo-drama of MAZEPPA AND THE WILD HORSE, with entirely new and beautiful scenery, costly costumes, and appointments, introducing the largest stud of highly -t ra ined Horses, Po nies, Buffaloes, and Camels in the World. To be followed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders of the day. Doors open at half-past 6, performance commence at 7. BON-911108 open daily from till 4. Stage Blanager—Mr. W. WEST. Director of the Arena—M. Felix Revolti. CANTERBIJRY EE RY HALL G, CONCERTS.- EVE EVENIN A Grand Selection from MARTHA, And Selections from DINORAH, TROVATORE, MACBETH, And numerous other Entertainments. Balcony, is .. Hall. 6d. Comic Vocalists—Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), and C. Marshall. The ETHIOPIANS, consisting of 17 performers (organised expressly for this Establishment), for the performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with 37 egro delineations, anecdotes, dc., in addition to the usual entertainments. The Fine Arts Gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. THE WEATHER.-Svx OFFICE, SEPT. 19, 1860. TISEEMOMETER, TN THE SHADE. 58—this day at noon. 47—lowest this morning and during the night. 59—highest since noon yesterday. BA.RONVETER-29.53 ; rising. WlND—North-Easterly ; fresh. It rained heavily last night and a little this morning. The Equinoctial gales are evidently influencing the present weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DA.T.—Morning, 4h. 15m.—Afternoon, 4h. 36m, To-mouitow.-Morning, 4h. 57m.—Afternoon, sh. 19m LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 19, 1860 LAMORICIERE must soon now be brought to bay. He had ventured oat, it seems, as far as Macerata, to meet one portion of the Sardinian army, but has had to retreat in hot haste, we suppose to Ancona, " closely pursued by Gen. PIMODAN'S corps." One of his generals, having a name, we confess, quite new to us—KANGLER—has also had to " return to Ancona, after a hot fight with the Sardinian troops." All the towns in Umbria, Urbino, and the march of Ancona, are surrendering to the Sar dinian Generals, almost as quickly as they are' visited by them. The garrisons are, we believe, all, or nearly all, merely foreign mercenaries; who, as there is no hope of plunder and pillage, except at the hazard of the gallows if they are cap tured, have no inducement to resist the stronger forces of the Sardinians. The inhabitants of of the towns are all, of course, bitterly hostile to their garrisons, so that the generals have merely to expel or capture the latter, and the towns are completely gained, and but too happy to aid their deliverers. LAMORICIERE is thus driven more and more into a corner, and that oorner, though strong, is not a Torres Vedras. Its citadel and the fortified hills connected with it, though not to be taken without serious loss, if the resistance be deter mined, will accommodate but a small garrison, and we presume could not long hold out against a well plinned combined attack both by sea and by land. An army of forty- thousand men, and a pretty strong fleet under Admiral PERSANO, would surely soon give a good account of the place. It will be matter of regret should LAIIWRICIERE resist to the last. It must be so much bloodshed in vain. He cannot hope, with GARIBALDI com ing up from the south, and the Piedmontese masters of all the northern and - western parts of the Roman States, to gain a final triumph : at most he could only obtain favourable terms by capi tulation, and he could probably obtain those now. FANTI and CIALDINI would .doubtless be willing enough to let him ship off his foreigners to the lands from whence they came, and to furnish p them with a fortnight's provision too for their journey. The old Algerine General, however, will probably think it a point of honour to fight it out. He has not been used to concern for human life in fighting amongst Arabs, and will enjoy a useless slaughter for the slaughter's sake. Perhaps, however, the mercenaries under his immediate command, like those in the garrisons, will think better of it. Cutthroats as they pro bably are, they do not like being killed themselves. They would run any risk if the result might be the sack of a to:erably rich town, with the gener ally accompanying treatment of helpless women ; but to run the risk of being shot for glory is not in the bond—at least as they read it. Spoleto, where LAMORICIEBE lay till lately conveniently sick with the gout, has set them a very sensible example. It was said that the General was to hold out along time there ; but it seems, by a telegram we have just received, that the garrison of 600 men were Irish-men. And with the admirable logic of oui keen-witted friends, they did not think the eb "ega of serving the Holy Father worth °lla drop of Irish blood. They were quite right, It was no want of courage to refuse to fight for such a cause. We like them a great deal better as the King of SARDINIA'S pri soners of war than as the POPE'S mercenaries ; and we could only wish, if enlist abroad they must, that they would efface the stain of Irishmen enlisting aga i n st Italian liberties, by enlisting at once in the service of Italian freedom. A foreign co ntemporary s eems to think there is yet some chance for the King of NAPLESand the POPE together. None at all. The former is said to have 30,000 men at Capua and Gaeta, and he talked of joining LA MORICIERE with them! The latter seems indeed to need his help ; b ut how are the KING'S troops ever to get near him, with the Piedmontese hemming him in on all sides, and quite strong enough to give battle to both at Once. Then, again, what are the 30,000 worth ? Can he rely on them ? If 120,00 0 have shrunk to a fourth of that number, who can guarantee the loyalty of that fourth, especially to a runaway King, and one who has but smali, chance indeed of ever 4. 6 1..... V e I .; _ g - -,-, i , , i , 9e 0 t ,r‘•_;4,?;, ' , '% 4 t ,sr . ;:. : . / 4, 47 .. ____is ' , R 0 IT —..,..; • ".' . THE SUN. paying them again out of the National Exche quer. Add to this the dreaded name of GARI BALDI. His invincible volunteers are now nearly all arrived at Naples. He fetched them up by the steamers he recently acquired with the Nea politan fleet, and there they are all fresh and ready for service. They leave nothing behind requiring their attention, for we learn also to-day that Messina has accepted its inevitable fate, and by its surrender left the whole Kingdom south of Naples completely emancipated. It is absurd, therefore, to imagine that the conqueror of Palermo, Messina, Reggio, and of N a ples—so far as compelling its military evacuation—will be delayed long by Gaeta. We should not be surprised if it be surrendered without a struggle. That that will be GARIBALDI'S object we are perfectly sure, if only from that noble aversion to bloodshed which has so marked the whole conduct of this truly brave warrior. Whether he move promptly or deliberately north ward, we are confident his object will be one, to liberate Italy without shedding the blood of Italians. Different indeed would be his feelings if he came in contact with any of the Perugian class of mercenaries. We can well believe that even his gentleness would know no mercy to men who had hired themselves to enslave his country, How long the last move may be delayed, it is no easy to guess with accuracy ; but it can hardly be long. Things seem to be verging to a settlement; but it is not so clear yet of what kind the settle ment is to be. At present France guarantees to the POPE his authority in Rome, and a small adja cent territory ; all around that being in prdcess of rapid occupation by the Piedmontese. So far it seems as if the settlement was to be that the POPE was to keep his Roman municipality, and to be the absolute monarch of a little Bishopric. But then there are two singularly congruous facts. One that he who kept his word to the letter—indeed anticipated the letter when he said that he would be in Naples on the Bth—has given out that he does not mean to proclaim annexation to Piedmont till he can do it from the Quirinal! And at the time the promise respecting Naples seemed quite as improbable as this about the Quirinal. The sister fact is that to which we adverted yesterday—that the POPE is counselled to flee from Rome—what excellent com panions would he and FRANCIS 11. make on board a Spanish frigate !—and is told that France would be saved a deal of trouble if he would take the advice. Can there be any knowledge on the part of the great military prophet who speaks of proclaiming the Italian kingdom from the Quirinal, of what the " extreme party" have advised the POPE to do, and of what M. GRANDGUILLOT says —France would regret with so much pleasure—at least would find so convenient while she regretted it ? There is no telling. GARIBALDI has a hundred eyes in every Italian town, and perhaps some in the French garrison and the POPE'S Council, at ' Rome itself. We can only say that with all our countrymen, we wish the POPE and the King of NAPIES too, a pleasant voyage, to the Antipodes if they please, and that the sooner they like to take it and leave the Quirinal to GARIBALDI, the better for Italy and for Europe. After a sea-voyage, and making a little acquaintance with the' manners of many men and cities," his Holiness may perhaps come back a very useful Bishop of Rome. If we cannot look with any degree of compla cency through the voluminous records of Ilansard for 1860, we can at any rate regard with no in considerable satisfaction the last annual report of our Metropolitan Board of Works. " Much re mains to do," undoubtedly. But much, also, " has been done" during the past twelvemonth. And this in spite of many unwonted obstructions—in cluding amongst them the almost unparalleled high price of building materials, the almost un exampled prolongation of the workmen's strike, and the almost unprecedented continuance of the wet weather, of itself sufficient to baffle the enter prise and to confuse the plans alike of architect and engineer. Notwithstanding all which, however, in very despite and defiance of these accumulated impediments, the Board of Works has steadily,re solutely, and by this time appreciably made way in the development of several among its more im portant metropolitan improvements. It is a par ticular satisfaction to notice that the most urgently required among all these improvements, the carry ing out of the Main Drainage Scheme, has ap parently absorbed the chief part of the energies of Her MAJESTY'S Commissioners. That—the essen tial basis and most requisite preliminary to all other metropolitan improvements, has given evi dence above all others of having been sedulously advanced under the fostering care of the Board of Works. The chief part of the pecuniary sacrifices of the Board in 1860 has in this manner been wisely lavished upon the cloaca of the twin cities of London and Westminster. In testimony of this, it would be sufficient of itself to glance at the position attained in the labour of constructing the two high level sewers of the metropolis; one to the north, the other to the south of that river Thames which they are designed eventually to save from further pol lution. Already, in fact, the Northern High Level Sewer is new known to be rapidly drawing towards its completion. Although eight miles in length ; although extending in one broad sweep from the foot of Hampstead Hill to the vicinity of Old Ford, on the River Lea ; although here and there of such dimensions that portions of the outfall sewers are 9ft. by 9ft. "in the clear," the overflow chamber being in width at its upper portion 40ft. 6in., and in length as many as 138 altogether—this Northern High Level Sewer is be in g so actively p rocee d e d with at various points along its course, that the annual report of the Board of Works formally an nounces it to be fast approaching completion. O ne single isolated portion of it alone extending unin terruptedly in a perfected condition through a dis tance of upwards of 24,000 feet, namely, from Old Ford to St o k e N ew i ng t on . And recollect, in regard to this particular Northern High Level Sewer, that " when finished (as finished it now very nearly is) it will complete the interception of the waters descending from th e high grounds of Highgate and Hampstead, and, whilst effecting a general im provement in the local drainage throughout its entire length, it will relieve Hackney and the adjacent districts from the evils arising from the foul open watercourse (i. e., th e H ac k ney B roo k) by which they were intersected." Of itself, the rapid development of this important main sewer to the north of the Thames would hare been enough to save the Board of Works from any serious charge of indolence during the past twelvemonth. But, added to the advancement thus so far towards its completion of the Northern High Level Sewer, there is yet to be notified the commencement of the Southern High Level Se wer now nearly nine months ago—viz., on the 26th of last December. Extend ing, as it is designed to do, from High-street, Clap ham, to Deptford-creek, extending a distance of some 9 miles 2,940 feet, and traversing in its course the suburban neighbourhoods of Stockwell and Camberwell, of Peckham and New Cross. As yet no more than some 5,510 feet out of the nine miles and upwards required for its completion appear to rnE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 19, 1860 have been already accomplished. Remembering the rapidity, however, with which the eight miles, or thereabouts, have been substantially excavated subterraneously to the north from the Mansfield road, at the foot of Hampstead-hill, to Old Ford on the River Lea, it is enough for us to know that the southern nine miles or thereabouts have been reso lutely taken in hand at the instance of the Commis sioners. It is particularly worthy of note that this impor tant question as to the course to be ultimately chosen for the low level sewer to the mouth of the River Thames, is held carefully in reserve or suspense until such time as Parliament shall have definitely settled the project of a double line of Thames Embankments. " The Board," quoth the report, " have on former occasions expressed the opinion that it would, on various grounds, be most important to construct the sewers in conjunction with a Thames embankment; but whether that can be accomplished or not de pends on the provision which may eventually be made by Parliament for defraying the cost of the embankment." A consideration this quite suffi cient of itself, we should imagine, to hearten our metropolitan members on next session to the settle ment at last for once and for all, of this long inter mittently agitated project of constructing along the Thames, from the Palace of Westminster to the Tower of Julius, a double line of terraced embank ments. Until this ornate scheme shall have been decided for or against conclusively, the Main Drain age of the metropolis must remain thus lamentably interrupted. And the folly of any serious interrup tion to the Drainage of our vast and populous capital nay be most readily appreciated by bearing in mind some of the Board of Works' latest calcu lations upon this as to the sum total of the moneys expended during the year on Sewers and Drain age ! Comprising among the works thus effected underground the cleansing of one hundred and sixty-six miles of main sewer and works of deodo rization—the epitome of the last report of the Board shows an expenditure, within the twelve month, under these heads alone, of £209,698 10s. sd. ! In reference to this mention of " Deo dorization" as a simple item in the accounts, it is especially worthy of observation that " the total quantity of disinfecting material used dur ing the summer " for the simple purpose of effecting the deodorization of the river Thames comprised within it 4,281 tons of chalk lime, 478 tons of chloride of lime, and 56 tons of carbonic acid, at a cost in the aggregate of £17,733 That is, of course, £17,733 sheer waste, poured into the river and washed out to: sea during one summer tide—a monstrous waste, from the recurrence of which we can alone be saved in perpetuity by completing our new system of Main Drainage, in combination with the build ing up of the Thames Embankment. DEATH OF JOSEPH LOCKE, ESQ., M.P, We exceedingly regret to announce the sudden and unexpected death of the celebrated engineer, Mr. Joseph Locke, M.P. for Honiton. The sad event took place yesterday morning at Moffat. Mr. Locke had been in good health and spirits up to Saturday, when he was seized with an obstruc tive attack in the bowels, which terminated fatally. Thus hath departed, one by one, within the short space of twelve or fourteen months, three of our most eminent engineers—men who have stamped their names, by their works, on the roll of fame for all time, and who by their masterly genius have given a stimulus to emulation now and hereafter. It is melancholy to reflect on the singular fatality which often carries off men so eminent in such rapid succession ! Stephenson—Brunel—and now Locke! Verily The path of glory leads but to the grave I TEE HARBOUR OF lIALI4FIX. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—In your correspondent's letter from Mil ford Haven respecting the Great Eastern, which appears in The Sun this evening, he says, "he can not ascertain why she called at Halifax on her re turn from New York ! That no cause is assigned for it ! That it is perfectly unaccountable ! " Your correspondent evidently knows little of Halifax, and therefore, for his information, I may tell him that Halifax is on the direct line from Liverpool to New York ; that it is 600 miles nearer to England (and to Europe) than New York, and 400 nearer than any other open port in America. That the harbour of Halifax is of sufficient capa city to hold 1,000 Great Easterns—that it i• the only port on the Atlantic shores of North America that the Great Eastern can enter at all seasons and at all times of the tide. It is the first great har. bour, and the best on the continent of America, and will, on the completion of the railway system with Canada and the United States, become (what Mil ford Haven ought to be to the United Kingdom) the great landing stage of North America. On the expiration of the West India mail con tract, in 1863, the British Government have ex pressed their intention of sending the whole of the West India and Pacific mails via Halifax. It is two-thirds of the distance from Liverpool to Jamaica, and only 180 miles out of the most direct course; it is as near from Southampton, via Hali fax, to Havanah and the Gulf ports as, via St. Thomas (the present route), to those places. From the increased quantity of coal in Nova Scotia, and the easy access, both by water and rail way, from the mines to the port of Halifax, it is already the best and cheapest coaling station in America. These are a few of the reasons why the Great Eastern called in to have a look at Halifax; and, rest assured, that it is between that port and Mil: ford Haven that she must look forward to her com mercial success.—l am, sir, your faithful servant, JOSEPH NELSON. Harrow, Sept. 17. The Earl of Macclesfield and Lord Parker arrived at Glenmoriston, their stalking quarters in Inverness shire, the week before last, from Oxfordshire. The Earl Delawarr arrived in town on Monday from Buekhurst Park, Sussex. The Countess of Mulgrave arrived yesterday at the Duchess of Cleveland's, in Grosvenor-square, from Nova Scotia. The Countess de Spaen has arrived at the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. Viscount Maynard has so far recovered from his recent severe illness as to be able to travel home from Ger many. The Belgian journals state that game is abundant this year in Brabant, and that the markets of Brussels are well supplied with hares and partridges at reasonable prices. THE MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH COMPANY,—The facilities for sending messages by telegraph appear to be gradually approaching the conveniences of our postal sys tem. The Magnetic Telegraph Company are now issuing small adhesive stamps for franking messages throughout their lines in the United Kingdom. The principle is pre cisely similar to the postage stamp system, and the conve nience of this arrangement will no doubt be duly appreciated both by the commercial and general public. For example, a message can be written wherever convenient, and, after affixing the necessary stamp, it can be sent either by post or messenger to the nearest magnetic telegraph station, and thence forwarded to its destination. The directors consider that the saving of time and trouble by this arrangement are sufficient to enable them to allow a liberal discount to pur chasers of these stamps in order to assist in bringing them into general use. • THE HARVEST.— We are indebted to a gentleman who travelled by the London and North-western Railway yesterday from Liverpool to London for some agricultural statistics, which were taken without any view to publication, and merely from that general feeling of interest which all feel in the progress of the harvest at present, he not being in any way connected with operations in the corn market. Taking the grain fields impinging upon the railway, the progress of harvest operations was as follows : Counties. Uncut. Cut. Carried. Lancaster, fields lB 43 4 Cheshire, 31 Stafford, » Warwick, » Northampton, ~ Buckingham, „ ~ Hertford Middlesex, „ —Liverpool Albion, LATEST N E S. SURRENDER OF THE CITADEL OF MESSINA. The .Rinnuovarnento Refliana, of Pal ermo, an nounces that the Neapolitan garrison of :the citadel of Messina have evacuated the fortress wad crossed over to Calabria. The following telegrams have been. received at Mr. Reuter's office : MARSEILLES, )SEPT. 17. Letters from Rome assert that the Pope is about to issue a manifesto calling upon the Catholic Powers for assistance. The same letters add that several detachments of French soldiers have left Civita Vecchia * in order to abate the disturbances at Viterbo. PARIS, .1 EPT. 18. The Patric and the Pays publish Ow following "under reserve" :—" The last news an flounces that General Lamoriciere, with 9,000 men; had made a movement towards the Neapolitan frontier in order to effect a junction with the Neapolitu n soldiers who remained under the command of the King. The latter would then have 30,000 mere .at his dis posal. NAPLES, SEPT. 15. Fifteen thousand Garibaldians have: gone to be siege Capua and afterwards Aversa. It is said 50,000 Neapolitans are behind Vol turno. ROME, 'SEPT. 16. The telegraphic communication with Naples has been interrupted. The French Ambassador, the Duke de Gramont, has officially announced to the Pope that diploma tic relations between France and Sardinia have been interrupted. Citta Piava, Castello, Orvieto, Perugia, Urbino, Pesaro, Sinigaglia, Fano, and Fossoanbrone, have been occupied by Sardinian troops. The column under the command, of General Kangler, 1,000 strong, has returned to Ancona after a hot fight with the Sardinian troops. This morning General de Lamoriciere was at Macerata, pursued very closely by Gen. Pimodan's corps. The Sardinian army is 40,000 strong. Numerous free corps are menacing the Neapolitan frontiers. The brother of Monsignore Berardi has been arrested at Velletri, and will be tried by a council of war• General Goyon will arrive at Rome to-morrow PARIS, SEPT. 18. The 21Ioniteur of to-day contains the following : "ALGIERS, Sept. 17.—Their Majesties have arrived here. The sea passage was longer than usual, on account of bad weather. " The Bey of Tunis arrived hero at noon, and was received by their Majesties. " One of the brothers of the Emperor of Morocco is expected to arrive in the course of the day." The Constitutionnel gives a categorical denial to the reports that the islands of Sardinia and Elba are to be ceded to France, as an indemnity for the annexation of Naples and Sicily to Piedmont. TURIN, SEPT. 18. Up to the present time no foreign minister, with the exception of Baron Talleyrand, has received orders to quit Turin. The 600 prisoners of war taken at Spoleto are Irishmen. General Schmidt has arrived here. FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY. The Imperial squadron, which left Ajaccio for Algiers at noon on Saturday, passed Mahon, in the island of Minorca, at 11 o'clock on Sunday morning. BOURSE, Sept. 18.—Dullness continues to be the ruling characteristic of the market, prices remaining as on the previous day. For the Account, Threes are now at 67f 921 c ; Mobilier, 677 f 50c ; Northern, 955 f ; Mediterranean, 888 f 75c; Austrian and Lombard, 463 f 75c. The following are the last quotations :- 4/ per per Cents... 95 85 Credit Fancier Do sad month.... Belgian 4f 97 50 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 90 Roman - Bank Shares 2800 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 677 50 Spanish Threes 47 75 Do. Account 676 25 Home Debt P.AILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1378 75 .. 1378 75 Northern 956 25 .. 955 New ditto B7O .. 870 Lyons and Mediterranean 890 .. 890 Geneva 348 75 .. 350 Southern 496 25 .. 497 50 Western Eastern Sardinian .. Austrian Lombard a ITALY. The following is the correspondence exchanged between Count Cavour and Cardinal Antonelli pre viously to the invasion of the Roman States by the Sardinian troops. The Piedmontese Minister's letter to the Cardinal is thus worded : " TURIN, Sept. 7. " Eminence, —The Government of his Majesty the King of Sardinia could not without serious regret see the forma tion and existence of the bodies of foreign mercenary troops in the pay of the Pontifical Government. The organisation of such corps not consisting, as in all civilised Governments, of citizens of the country, but of men of all languages, na tions, and religions, deeply offends the public conscience of Italy and Europe. The want of discipline inherent to such troops, the inconsiderate conduct of their chiefs, the irri tating menaces with which they pompously fill their pro clamations, excite and maintain a highly dangerous ferment. The painful recollection of the massacre and pillage of Perugia is still alive among the inhabitants of the Marches and Umbria. This state of things, dangerous in itself, be came still more so after the facts which have taken place in Sicily and in the kingdom of Naples. The presence of foreign troops, which insults the national feeling, and pre vents the manifestation of the wishes of the people, will in fallibly cause the extension of the movement to the neigh bouring provinces. The intimate connection which exists be tween the inhabitants of the Marches and U mbria, and those of the provinces annexed to the States of the King, and rea sons of order and security in his own territory, lay his Ma jesty's Government under the necessity of applying, as far as is in its power, an immediate remedy to such evils. Victor Emmanuel's conscience does not permit him to remain a passive spectator of the bloody repression with which the arms of the foreign mercenaries would extinguish every manifestation of national feeling in Italian blood. No Go ♦ernment has the right of abandoning to the will and plea sure of a horde of soldiers of fortune the property, the honour, and lives of the inhabitants of a civilised country. "For these reasons, after having applied to H.M. the King, my august Sovereign, for his orders, I have the honcur of signifying to your Eminence that the King's troops are charged to prevent, in the name of the rights of humanity, the Pontifical mercenary corps from repressing by violence the expression of the sentiments of the people of the Marches and Umbria. I have, moreover, the honour to invite your Excellency, for the reasons above explained, to give immediate orders for the disbanding and dissolving of those corps, the existence of which is a menace to the peace of Italy. . . "Trusting that your Eminence will immediately com municate to me the measures taken by the Government of his Holiness in the matter, I have the honour of renewing to your Eminence the expression of my high considera tion. " CAVOUR." The fallowing is the reply sent by Cardinal Antonelli to the letter just given :- 6 , Rome, 11th Sept. " Excellency,—Without taking into account the manner in which your Excellency has thought proper to have your letter of the 7th inst. conveyed to me, I have directed my whole attentio n ca l m ly u p on th e su bject you lay before me in the name of your Sovereign, and I cannot conceal from you that it has cost me an extraordinary offort_to do so. The new principles of public law which you lay down in your letter would be indeed sufficient to dispense me from I giving any answer at all, they being so contrary to those which have constantly been acknowledged by all Govern ments and nations. Nevertheless, feeling deeply the incul pations cast upon the Government of his Holiness, I cannot refrain from at once noticing the blame, as odious as it is unfounded and unjust, pronounced against the troops be longing to the Pontifical Government ; and I must add that I find the pretension of denying the right, belonging to the Pontifical Government as well as to any other, of having foreign troops in its service, utterly unjustifiable. In fact, many Governments of Europe have foreign troops in their pay. On that subject it may be expedient to observe that, owing to the character with which the Sovereign Pontiff is invested as the common father of all believers, he ought to be less subject to criticism than any other for receiving in the ranks of his troops all who come and offer themselves from the various parts of the Catholic world, for the de fence of the Holy See, and of the States of the Church. " Nothing is more false or more insulting than to attri bute to the Pontifical troops the disorders which have taken place in the States of the Holy See. There is no necessity for asking, for history has already enregistered whence came the troops who have violently constrained the will of the people, and the artifices which have been made use of for throwing into perturbation the greater part of Italy, and ruining all that was most sacred both in right and in justice. " As to the consequences which it has been sought to make weigh on the legitimate action of the troops of the Holy See, to put down the rebellion of Perugia, it would truly be more logical to throw that responsibility on those who, from abroad, have excited the revolt ; and you know perfectly well, Monsieur le Comte, where that outbreak was concerted, whence were :derived money, arms, and means of all kinds, and from whence instructions and orders were sent to the insurgents. " There is consequently reason for representing as calumnious all that has been said by a party hostile to the Government of the Holy See, as to the oonduct of its troops, and for declaring that the imputations cast on their chiefs by the authors of proclamations of a nature to excite dangerous fermentations are not less. Your excellency concludes your painful despatch by inviting me in the name of your Sovereign to immediately order the disarming and disbanding of the said troor s. This invitation was accom panied by a sort of menace on the part of Piedmont, in case of refusal, to prevent the action of the said troops by means of the royal troops. " This involves a quasi-injunction which I willingly ab stain from qualifying. The Holy See could only repel it with indignation, strong in its legitimate rights, and ap pealing to the law of nature under the mgis of which Europe has hitherto lived, whatever violence the Holy See may be exposed to suffer, without having provoked it, and against which it is my duty now toprotest energetie,ally in the name of his Holiness. With sentiments of conside ration, I am, &c., " Rome, 11th Sept. G. CARDINAL ANTONELLI." At the same time that the letter"of Count Cavour was presented, General Fanti, Minister of War of his Sardinian Majesty, sent another to General de Lamoriciere, commander-in-chief of the Pontifical troops, couched in the following terms : " AREzzo, Sept. 9.—Excellency, H. M. King Victor Emmanuel 11., who is so deeply interested in the happiness of Italy, is greatly pre-occupied with the events which have taken place in the provinces of the Marches and Umbria. H. M. does not ignore that any manifestation of a national character near the southern frontier of his kingdom, which might be repressed by foreign troops not having between them any tie of nationality, would inevitably produce a fatal contre-coup in all his States. In consequence of these grave considerations his Majesty has ordered a concentration of troops on the frontiers of the Marches and of Umbria, and has done me the honour to confide to me the superior com mand of them. He has at the same time ordered me to make known to your Excellency that these troops will, as quickly as possible, occupy the Marches and Umbria under the following circumstances : " 1. If the troops under your orders were to employ force to repress a national manifestation in any town of the Marches and Umbria. 2. If the troops of which you have the command were to receive orders to march on a town in the same Pontifical provinces whenever a demon stration of a national character may take place. 3. If a national manifestation were to take place in a town, and be put down by your troops, the latter were not to be immediately ordered away by you, so as to leave the town free to express its wishes. " No one better than your Excellency can understand how the national feeling must revolt before foreign oppres sion ; and I feel confident that, by frankly and immediately accepting the propositions which I have just made to you in the name of the King's Government, you will spare the protection of our arms to those provinces of Italy and the disastrous consequences which may result from it.—Accept, Excellency, &c., " FA.NTI." HOLLAND. OPENING OF THE SESSION. At one o'clock on Monday the King of Holland, accompanied by the Princes of his household, opened the Legislative Session, at the Hague, with the following speech : Gentlemen,—lt is again granted to me to open your ses sion with a feeling of gratitude to Divine Providence. Under His protection our dear country maintains that rank which is assigned to it amongst other States. Our relations with all the Powers are based upon a reci procal friendship. Our land and sea forces continue to be placed in a posi tion more and more to fulfil the obligations which are posed on them. The means which, by your co-operation, have been allowed for the defences of the country are em ployed with circumspection. For a tong time the neces sity has been felt of establishing new legal provisions re. garding the obligation of the inhabitants to bear arms for the maintenance of the independence of the State. A pro. ject regulating the strength and the organisation of the national militia will be immediately presented for your con sideration. The sanitary condition of the inhabitants is improved, My desire is, that the projects of law which will be sub mitted to you relative to the exercise of the medical art may be found to act efficaciously. There have been improvements in the sciences, lettres, and beaux arts. Notwithstanding the incessant rains, so prejudicial to the existing crops, the harvest in general has not been less abundant. In the naval construction there is no appearance of a very great activity, and the situation of armatturs has not im proved. On the other hand, the results of the great fishery have been more favourable. Commerce, although somewhat constrained in its move • ments by the uneasiness which reigns in Europe, gives nevertheless, rather satisfactory results. A very great activity has been observed also in the usines and fabriques. I• continue to dedicate my entire solicitude to objects of the highest interest to the country, as well as to all thwe which have relation to communications as much interior as inter national. You will soon have to consider a simplified customs tariff, by which I hope that the formalities which still exist in re gard to transit will disappear. Immediately after the promulgation of the law upon the establishment of railways, the preparatory works relating to them were commenced. The telegraphic wires have been extended. The north of Holland is connected with Fries land by a submarine cable. The favourable situation of the Treasury enables me to present to you shortly a project for the establishment of new maritime routes to connect Amsterdam aid Rotterdam with the North Sea. The product of the ways and means, so far as it may be compared with that of anterior services, may be considered as very satisfactory. The situation of our possessions abroad is, according to every report, satisfactory. By the courage and perseverance of our land and sea forces the submission of Boni is accom plished, and the kingdom of Bangermassig is placed under our direct administration. The increase of the population and the prosperous condition of the Netherlandaise Indies still confer great advantages upon the mother country ; but a coniflerable portion of which is dedicated in such a man ner that we may reasonably hope_for greater developments still in those countries. That happy influence is being obtained, we may hope, by the improvement in the communications in the Indian Archipelago, which we have taken care to augment and to render more speedy, and to secure the navigation by a bet ter system of lighthouses on the coasts. New establish ments of public instruction and a marked improvement in communications by land are not wanting in contributing powerfully to such results. A modified projet de loi for the suppression of slavery in our West Indian colonies will be again presented 'to you for your consideration. There are other objects still, gentlemen, which are not of a less importance in regard to which I shall have to invoke your co-operation. But the safety of the country depends not upon our common accord alone. May the Almighty grant it. I declare open the ordinary session of the Etats General's. AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY MORNING. The United States steamer Vanderbilt, Captain Lefebre, from New York on the Bth inst., has ar rived off the Needles. LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY. The Montreal Ocean Company's steamer Nova Scotian, which touched at Londonderry yesterday, on entering the Mersey at 1 o'clock this morning, went ashore in Bootle Bay, where she still remains. She is being lightened. Count IVimpffen is acting as charge d'affaires during the temporary absence of his Excellency Count Apponyi. 106 196 74 THE OVERLAND MAILS. By extraordinary express, in anticipation of the Overland Mail, we have received letters and papers of the following dates :—Bombay, August 24 ; Calcutta, August 13; Shanghai, July 14. The Bombay Gazette, August 24, says:— " The loss of Mr. Wilson leaves the Governor General and the Supreme Government in a sad state of perplexity. His place cannot be filled, and now that Sir James Outram has gone home, there is not, with the exception of Sir Bartle Frere— himself a comparatively untried statesman—one man in the Legislative Council in whom the peo ple have confidence. It is a most critical time, and, as Sir Charles Wood has decided that the Indian Council are of no use at home, could not the Government send out here some of the men of ability and experience whose talents are wasted at home, to look after the affairs of this poor empire ? The citizens of Madras have held a not very enthusiastic meeting to peti tion for the appointment in the place of Sir Henry Ward of Mr. Morehead, who, as senior member of Council, has had the singular destiny of becoming acting-Governor of Madras twice within three months. " The libel case of Ramdiall v. The Proprietors and Editors of the Oudh, Gazette, has been concluded at Lucknow The judge, Mr. Fraser, gave a vote against the defendants with Rs. 3,000 damages, and Rs. 500 costs. As we only know the result by telegraph, and have not yet the judge's charge, which is said to be exceedingly able and elabo rate, before us, it is impossible at present to pronounce an opinion as to the justice of the Oudh Gazette's charges. Half of the witnesses swear one way, and half another; and it is impos possible to knew whether Ramdiall is intended to be the victim of a nefarious conspiracy, or whether he has suborned witnesses to save him from the just punishment of oppressive and iniquitous conduct. As one of his witnesses sententiously observed, Those who are his friends will say Ramdiall did not act unjustly; those who are his enemies will say he did.' This appears to be the sole theory of right and wrong among the natives ; and how, with such people, is it possible to get at the truth ? "The Nizam is to be rewarded for his fidelity to our Government by the restoration of the district to the south of his dominions, the English retaining possession of the Berar valley. His Highness will likewise be presented with British manufactures to the value of £lOO,OOO, and Salar Jung, his prudent and faithful Minister, besides being most honourably complimented by the English Government, obtains a present of manufactures worth £30,000, and hopes to rival Jung Bahadoor by acquiring a G.C.8.-ship. " The Bombay United Service Institution, origi nated and patronised by Sir William Mansfield, has become a great fact. Subscriptions are freely offered, and a large library has already been given to the institution, which, so far, is decidedly successful." The Calcutta Englishman of August 13 gives the following account of the funeral of the Right Hon. James Wilson : "At half-past five yesterday afternoon the funeral of the Right Hon. James Wilson took place accord ing to the notification below. The funeral cortege which assembled to pay this last tribute of respect seemed to comprise almost the entire male Euro pean population, and many of the natives of rank and influence in Calcutta. The son-in-law of the deceased gentleman was the chief mourner, sup ported by Dr. Macrae, who had been his principal medical attendant ; then followed his Excellency the Viceroy, the Commander-in-Chief, the Lieute nant Governor, the judges and the civic members of the Executive and Legislative Council, and a long procession in which the military, the law, the merchants, bankers, and commercial classes, all bore witness in their grave demeanour to the general esteem in which Mr. Wilson had been held, and the universal sense of theimportance of the loss sustained in his Path. It was a subject of remark how greatly Dr. Macrae appeared to be borne down by the sad responsibility thrown upon him during the last few weeks as Mr. Wilson's medical adviser ; but it is known that whilst all that skill and unwearied kindness could do for Mr. Wilson was done by Dr. Macrae, to whose house he had been removed, and by the medical gentlemen who came to his assist ance, still the resolution with which Mr. Wilson refused to leave Calcutta, and the great work he had in hand, until too far gone to permit of his removal, exonerates his medical attendants from any possible shade of blame in the matter; and, indeed, so much was done to sustain his failing strength, that it was not until the morning of the day on which he died that all hope was relinquished. Whilst leaving the sad scene we heard more than one remark, We do not yet realise how much we have lost'" The Calcutta Gazette extraordinary of the 12th ult. has the following notification : "Fort William, Home Department, Aug. 12. "The Right Hon. James Wilson, Fourth Ordinary Mem ber of the Council of the Governor-General, died yesterday at seven in the evening. " The Governor-General in Council notifies to the com- munity with the deepest regret this mournful event and great public calamity, and requests that the officers of Government, civil and military, will attend the funeral of the late Mr. Wilson, assembling for this purpose at No. 9, Middleton-street, at half-past five o'clock this evening. "His Excellency in Council has directed the flag of Fort William to bo lowered to half-mast high during this day, and that fifteen minute guns be fired at the time of the funeral from the ramparts of Fort William. " By order of the Right Honourable the Governor Ge neral of India in Council, " W. GREY, Secretary to the Government of India.' COMMERCIAL. BOMBAY, Aug. 24 There is very little change to notice in our market, which still exhibits a general sluggishness in all kinds of business. The demand for imports continues languid, though the business transacted since our last has been somewhat larger than that of the previour fortnight, but prices are generally lower. The export market, especially in cotton, is quiet, in consequence of the continued unfavourable advices from Europe. _ _ _ The inquiry for tonnage continues slack, and rates have undergone a decline of from 6s to 7s 6d for Great Britain, and Rs Ito 2 for China. The present quotations are—To London, cotton, £2 108 to £2 12s 6d; seeds, £2 7sto £2 10s. To Liverpool, cotton, £2 10s to £2 12s 6d ; seeds, £2 5s to £2 7s 6d. Money continues abundant. Government Securities are the same as at the date of our last, with the exception of a slight alteration in Five per Cents. The quotations are— Five-and-a-Half per Cents., 1031 to 1031; Fives, 971; and Fours, 84. Exchange has slightly improved, and there have been tiansactlona In Bank Bills at 2s Old, and documents at 2s 015-16 d to 2s ld for the mail leaving to-day. OnCalcutta at three days' sight, rs. 101. On China, rs. 231 per 100 dole. CHINA. The Bombay Gazette, August 22, says:— " The extraordinary successes gained this year by the rebels over the Imperialists in China have revived the latterly decaying interest in one of the most singular movements of modern times. Twenty years ago, at the time of the first Chinese war, no one dreamed that the revolutionary spirit, which has since 1789 changed the whole surface of Europe, would ever communicate itself to a people appa rently so immovable in their hatred of novelty as the Chinese, or create throughout the length and breadth of the vast and thickly-Celestial populated Empire an agitation which has already broken up the most firmly established system of government —social, political, and religious—which the world has known. Naturally, therefore, the first news that a formidable insurrection was raging in the heart of China provoked the eager curiosity of the Western nations, which was not lessened by the mysterious reports that the rebel leaders were Christians, and tha4 they professed their object to be the destruction of idolatry and idolators. The sanguine hopes which were built on these shadowy foundations soon gave way to a feeling of disgust, when fuller but still not strictly accurate informa tion was receiN ed that, although the rebels had adopted some of the doctrines of the Chris trian religion, they had so changed and disfigured these with idolatrous and bias phemous superstitions as to have degraded their faith almost to a level with that of the heathen; and that, moreover, the frightfully cruel and rapa cious acts of these new crusaders should make any Christian people ashamed to own them as brethren. But, when the eclat of their first appearance was dispelled by reverses, the rebels sank into insignifi cance, and for the last two or three years European nations have been perfectly indifferent to their fate believing, indeed, from such accounts as were pub lished by the few travellers who from time to time caught hasty glimpses of the interior of China, that the insurrection, having wasted the country as far northwards as Nankin, had been at last checked, and was slowly dying out. " Suddenly, however, we now find the rebel army in full force, as confident and enthusiastic as ever and with chiefs who know how to lead it to victory. Already they have taken the important and wealthy city of Soochow, which gives them command of the Imperial Canal from Shanghai to Pekin, and the Imperial authorities of the former city, frightened out of their wits by the knowledge that the rebels will next attempt to capture Shanghai, have tried to encourage the people to resistance by proclama tions in which the T'ai p'ings are said to be ' roam ing about in all directions, burning, robbing, and violating; nothing is too atrocious for them, and Heaven and man are alike exasperated. The Taoutae of Shanghai has further the audacity to declare that the French and English troops will assist the soldiers of the .Emperor to destroy the thies.' Certainly no long time can elapse before it will be necessary for France and England, if not to interfere, at least to give their support to eithe r the Imperialists or the rebels. The present Go - vernment of China, assailed so vigorously by domestic foes, and engaged at the same time in a foreign war, which cannot fail to prove disastrous to the Emperor, will in all probability be over thrown." IRELAND. DUBLIN, TUESDAY ETENINO. THE POPE'S IRISH BRIGADE. The Morning News publishes a letter from its correspondent at Spoleto, dated September the 7th, on which day the Irish Brigade was said to be " in sight of the enemy." Being about to take the field, the writer thinks he can do no better than furnish the home readers with the names of the staff of the brigade, as they then stood according to the War-office lists. Here they are : " Major Myles W. O'Reilly ; chaplains, Rev. F. M'Loughlin, 0.5. F., D.D., Rev. J. M‘Devitt ; Sur geon Nicholas G. Whyte, M.D. ; Assistant-Surgeon P. O'Flynn, M.D. ; Captains O'Mahony, Blakeney, Russell, Guttenberg (attached), O'Carrell, Coppin ger, Kirwan, Boshan (attached) ; Lieutenants Carey, Kiley, Howley ; Sotto-Tenenti (Full), Luther M. Kirwan, Butler, O'Connell, Doyle;S otto-7enenti (Provisional), Crean, Stafford, Delahoy de, W. Kir wan, Greene, Cronin, Ternan, M'Swiney, Lynch, O'Keeffe, Keogh, Barey, D'Arcy, Walsh, and Heany." THE ATTEMPT TO MURDER THE EARL OF LEITRIM. The Freeman's Journal gives the subjoined ver sion of the recent attempt upon the life of the Earl of Leitrim. There can be no second opinion with regard to the sanity (or insanity) of the perpetrator of the outrage : " Mohill, Sept. 15.—About 2 o'clock this after noon, as the Earl of Leitrim was proceeding from the poorhouse, and just as he had entered Main street, a report as of a pistol discharged was heard, and on looking round smoke was observed to issue from a house hard by. Sub-constables Delany and Haynes, who happened to be at the corner of the street, sprang forward, and before the door could be barred with a vigorous push burst it open, pursued and arrested the unfortunate man at the risk of their own lives. On his person were found, in addition to the blunderbuss (gar nished with a spring bayonet), which had just been discharged, a pocket pistol loaded with powder and ball, and ready capped, together with two clasp knives. The courage and promptitude of these two meritorious officers gave no time to make any further use of these formidable weapons, and entitles them to the favourable consideration f the authorities. The ball took effect on the house of John Whelan, on the opposite side of the street, but somewhat lower down. As nearly as I could estimate the earl was at the moment of the discharge about six yards in advance of the line of flight of the bullet. Of this, however, his lordship could not have been aware at the time, yet he walked on with the same composure as if nothing unusual had occurred. The unhappy man who attempted this outrage is a publican named James Murphy. For several years past he has been known to labour under mental alienation, to the great peril of him afflicted wife and family. No cause can be assigned for his thus selecting the earl, for although Murphy sent his lordship one or two threatening letters, in consequence of some imaginary domestic wrongs, yet this was some time since, and nothing of the kind was exhibited in his wild freaks latterly. It is really high time that the public should awaken to the necessity of placing under restraint persons known to labour under mental aberration as soon as it assumes a dangerous character." THE DEFENCES. Extensive works are now in progress at different parts of the old Castle of Carrickfergus, batteries being constructed to mount 6 Lancaster guns. The masonry of the fortress is of great strength, and when the guns are in position the whole of Belfast Lough will be effectually commanded. A local paper remarks that Lancaster guns, properly served, ought to be able to sink any ship of war that might attempt to pass up the Lough. THE COURT OF SEWERS. The Commissioners of Sewers for the City of Lon don held their weekly court yesterday at the Sewers Office, Guildhall. _ _ Mr. Deputy Ch RISTIE presided. The minutes of the last court were read and confirmed. Deputy LOTT said he perceived by the reading of the minutes of the proceedings of the last court, that an act of parliament that had just been passed by the legislature had been referred to a committee fur consideration. The act to which he referred was the Adulteration of Food Act, and the provi sions of that act appeared to him to be of a very important character, because if it was carried out the effect would be to enable the poor to obtain genuine food of every description, beer, milk, bread, &c. The act, however, was only permissive, and he was anxious to know whether the terms under which the consideration of the subject was reformed to a committee were such as would enable them to recommend that the act should be adopted in the City of London, if they thought proper to do so. It appeared to him that this act of parliament was a most beneficial one, and he hoped to see it carried into effect. The CHAIRMAN said that by the terms of the reference the committee were invested with full powers to act as they might think proper on the matter. An application was made by Mr. Bennett, the watchmaker, for permission to have a reflector outside a shop he had recently taken in Cornhill. Mr. JAMES WATERLOW said that the large reflec tors that were put up in the great thoroughfares were a very great nuisance to the public, and the object in many instances was not so much to ob. tain light as to advertise the patentee. The application was referred to the proper oft cer, to report whether the reflector might be put up without causing inconvenience to the public. Mr. DAw, the clerk to the commissioners, laid upon the table the Union of Benefices Act, which was passed in the last session. This act is only permissive, but with the consent of the patron, parishioners, or incumbent of any parish, powers are given to pull down churches no longer required, erect fresh ones, and to sell the sites of those churches that are pulled down, and the money may be applied to the remuneration of the incumbent of any new district, or to increase the stipend of any insufficiently endowed benefice. It is believed that the sites of some of the churches in the City of London that are now not required will produce on an average £20,000 each. None of these alterations can, however, be made without the consent of a commission of five persons ap pointed by the dean and the corporation. Com mitftheee a fo ct r wcoanssirdeeferrarteiodn.to the Improvements Dr. LETHEBY, the medical officer of the City of London, made a report on the sanitary condition of the City. The report referred to the state of 212 houses that had been inspected during the week, and he submitted a list of 69 places that required sanitary improvement. Fif ty - eight births have been registered during the week, and 49 d eat h s. Th e l ast num ber is the average for the corresponding period of the last four years. One-half of the deaths, or 22, were among children of less than five years of age , and only five among old people. The chief causes of death among adults were diseases of a chronic c haracter. There were 5 from phthisis, 2 from heart disease, and 3 from palsy. Among children there were 8 from hydrocephalus and con vulsions, 3 from pneumonia, 3 from whooping-cough, 2 from diarrhwa, 2 from scarlet fever, and 2 from r measles and croup —in all 9 deaths from zymotic affections. ihe cout then adj ourn ed . , Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Smith continn in an extremely precarious state of health. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princsss Mary, and many military officers have called to inquire after the health of the veteran general.