The Sun. — London, England, 1860-08-14 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS-(YESTERDAY.) The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the woolsack at four o'clock. ROYAL COMMISSION. The royal assent was given by commission to the follow ing bills Tithe Commutation, Game Certificates. Senior Member of Council (India). • Admiralty Jurisdiction (India). Superannuation Act (1859) Amendment. Police and Towns Improvement (Scotland) Act Amend ment. 'Labourers' Cottages (Scotland). Militia. Railways Act (Ireland) (1851) Amendment. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Act (1860) (Mistake Rectifying Act). Smithfield Markets and Streets Improvement. Border Counties and North British Railway. Farringdon Railway. London Railway and Depot Storehouses. Brandon's Estates, Lord De Freyre's Estate. PRIVATE BUSINESS. The Galway Harbour (No. 2) Bill was read a third time and passed. THE NAVAL RESERVE LIST. The Earl of SHREWSBURY moved for correspon dence commencing Nov., 1859, between captains on the reserve list and the Board of Admiralty. He explained at considerable length the existing arrangements in accord ance with which naval men are passed out of the reserve list, and maintained that justice was not done to such offieers. A new scheme of retirement was now talked of in accordance with which officers who wished to retire after the age of 60 were to be allowed 18s. a day. The object of the officers whose cause he feebly advocated was to be per mitted to enjoy a similar privilege. Lord CHELMSFORD said he wished to make a few observations before the noble duke the First Lord of the Admiralty answered the observations of the noble earl who had just sat down. He had been asked to second the noble earl in his efforts to procure jus tice for the officers whose claims ho advocated. Ho agreed to such a course with the greatest pleasure, feeling warmly the necessity of doing justice to a very deserv ing class of men. The noble lord then proceeded to read the retiring regulations for captains and commanders, and complained that a great many brave and gallant men had been placed on an equality not with men who had retired and received rewards for merit, but with men who had retired from age and infirmity. He thought such an arrangement was peculiarly hard upon those who had been placed in such a position, because many captains, by a wrong construction put upon the Admiralty regulations, and who might have centinued to serve and rise in his profession to the rank of rear-admiral, and received 18s. a day, had been placed on the list with an increase of merely 6d. a day to their cap tain's pay. The Duke of SOMERSET had only come down prepared to answer the question placed on the paper, but he was not prepared to have the whole question gone into, as had been done by the noble and learned lord. Their lordships had often heard that there was nothing so terrible as a sea lawyer, and certainly his noble and learned friend who had just addressed their lordships proved the truth of that asser tion. (A. laugh.) He could, however, assure his noble and learned friend that he wished to treat these gallant officers with justice, but the regulation complained of was not come to by the present Board of Admiralty. It was acting according to a minute drawn up on the 20th of June, 1851, by the right hon. gentleman the member for Portsmouth, then First Lord, and who on a recent discussion in another place stated the object of it was to reduce the number of officers on the active list, by placing commanders on half pay who bad not been employed for 20 years. The inten tion of the• Order in Council was that they should be en titled to rank according to seniority, and half-pay accord ingly; but not the advantages they now claimed, as put forward by the noble and learned lord. They had had nine years of practical experience of the working of that system, and no officer that he was aware of contended he was en titled to the advantages now claimed en their behalf by his noble and learned friend. The minute of 1851 was con firmed by another made in 1856, which declared that officers retiring on half-pay and placed on the reserved list were not entitled to the same advantages as those :on active service. He was anxious to de those officers every justice, and should have no objection to produce the required correspondence, but he would add to it all the communications with the Admiralty previous to 1856. The Earl of HARDWICKE complained that the noble duke followed precedents he had seen in the Board of Admiralty, instead of doing justice to gallant officers who had been treated badly. Of course the noble duke had no professional feeling, or professional knowledge, and could not therefore enter into or feel the injustice which had been committed. He contended that, in fact, under the orders of the Admiralty, great injustice was done to officers. What he would recommend was to do away with all existing lists and have only three—one list for active service, one reserve list for officers disabled by age or infirmity, and a third for officers who might from various circumstances desire to retire from active service. Many officers might, towards the close of their service, wish to make a provision for their families, and he thought that an annual grant from Parliament, enabling the Admiralty to buy up the com missions of half-pay officers at their current value would be a very beneficial measure. The Earl of SHREWSBURY briefly replied. lie was willing to accept the amendment on the terms of his motion suggested by the noble duke. The motion, as amended, was then agreed to. REFRESHMENT HOUSES AND WINE LICENSES (IRELAND) BILL. Earl GRANVILLE moved that, inasmuch as the money to be paid under the bill was a grant of supply, and the other enactments of the bill were only for providing certain regulations which were necessary in connexion with the granting of the said licenses, the said bill should be read a second time as a bill of supply. The resolution having been agreed to, the noble earl briefly moved the seoend reading of the Lord DENMAN moved, as an amendment, that the bill be read a second time that day three months. After a short discussion their lordships divided— For the second reading, Contents 27 Non-contents Majority The bill was then read a second time, CENSUS (SCOTLAND) BILL. This bill was read a third time and passed. CORRUPT PRACTICES PREVENTION (1854) CONTINUANCE ACT. _ - - This bill was read a third time and passed. The Poor Relief, &c. (Ireland), Bill, the Chancery Evi dence Commissioners Bill, and the European Forces (India) Bill passed through committee. The Poor-law Board Continuance Bill, the Local Go vernment Supplemental (No. 2) Bill, and the East India Stock Transfer Bill also passed through committee. SAVINGS BANK AND FRIENDLY SOCIETIES INVESTMENTS BILL. On the order of the day for the second reading of this bill, The Duke of ARGYLL, pursuant to notice, moved— " That inasmuch as the postponement of this bill will with hokl a power of effecting a considerable annual saying which may be made under its provisions, and will thus practically continue for a time an u"necessary charge on the public revenues, the circumstances which require legis lation upon the subject appear to this house to be of such real urgency as to render the immediate consideration of the same necessary. Lord MONTEAGLE objected that the bill was not of an urgent nature, and dealt with a subject which demanded inquiry from their lordships' house. On a division the numbers were equal, the contents and non-contents each being 18. The Lord Chancellor gave his casting vote against ; the motion was therefore rejected, and the second reading of the bill lapsed. Their lordships then adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS.—(YESTERDAY.) The SPEAKER took the chair at four o'clock. NEW MEMBER. Mr, MACDONOUGH took the oaths and his seat on his election for the borough of Sligo. The hon. and learned gentleman was introduced by Mr. Whitmore and Mr. Somes. PRIVATE BUSINESS. Viscount Lorton's Estate Bill was considered, and ordered for third reading. ROYAL COMMISSION. Colonel CLIFFORD, the Yeoman Ushor of the Black Rod, summoned the members to the Upper House to hear the Royal Assent given by commission to several bills, for which see Lords' report. PAPER (EXPORT AND IMPORT). Mr. CHILDERS moved for returns of all paper and stationery (exclusive of hangings), the manufacture of the United Kingdom, exported to India, Australia, British North America, and the Cape of Good Hope re spectively in the y ear 1858 , or the last year la which the acc oun t s h ave b een made up ; or f : , ,,,P_aper sad stationery (exclusive of h ang i ngs ), bei ng vtgll or colonial manufacture, transhipped at ports in or tod from the United Kingdom to the above British possessions, d u ring the same period_; of all paper and sta tionery (c u t, • aij e of hangings) imparted into Victoria, New South Wales lively, durin g Zelda' and the Cape of Good Hope respec year for which accounts had been received, distir4,- n iZ t n , t , ho country whence exported ; and, similar return of all tionery" only, if i t hooks and stationery," or " sta- British India. tall be ascertained, imported into The returns were 'ordered. , EA.)I INDIANLOAN. a The house went inAo committe e on this n i;sur Sir C. WOOD said!. that about a year a got was o. to lay before the house the best es ti mate and his outline duty sin li ce e could give of the Indian revenue and expenlitur: then two events had happened of a very differe n t character, . wh'ch he was bound to refer to. One was that a gentleman well known to them all, Mr. Wilson, had proceeded to India, to aid, with his fine mcial knowledge and experience, the Government of Indi a in framing measures of taxation, and in endeavouring to bring the' accounts and the financial condition of India u &to a sounder poeition. The other was rrosll.nr.is that the Government of India, aided no doubt by N Er. Wil son's experience, had proposed, and no doubt by ti sat time carried into law, the most important financial measures that had been carried for some time. The statements of Mr. Wilson, which were very much what the Chancellor of - the Exchequer would make in this country, were so clear and full, that he might dispense with all but a very short sum mary of those statements. On the other hand, the proposals; of the Supreme Government had excited great opposition and great criticism, and had led to a very controversial cor-s respondence with the Government of Madras. The diver-. sity of opinion and of statement was so great, that it was not so very easy to unravel them, and he feared still more difficult to render them intelligible to the house. The cor respondence on the table consisted almost entirely of that which had taken place between the Supreme Government and the Government of Madras in reference to these mea sures. The papers on the table referred also to the recall of Sir C. Trevelyan. On that subject he hoped it was utterly unnecessary to say a single syllable. Never in the whole course of his political life had he so painful a duty to per form as to recall Sir Charles. He regretted exceedingly that the necessity for doing so should have deprived India of the benefit of services which would have been invaluable in the presidency. His own request was that the whole of the papers should be laid on the table of the house, to enable the public to judge of his conduct. He could not avoid also referring to the loss which both India and this country had experienced in the death of Lord Elphinstone. Before.,going into the income and expenditure of the year he should refer to the deficit of the last two years. He had been sometimes accused of taking too gloomy a view of the finances of India. He could only say that his object always was to present a true account of them to the house. On the last occasion that ho addressed the house he stated the an ticipated deficit in April 1859-60. He was wrong in his es timate both of revenue and expenditure. Both were larger than he anticipated, but the one so, far kept pace with the other that the deficit was as near as might be as he had stated it. He had stated the deficit of 1859-60 at £14,707,000, whereas it was only £14,187,000. For last year he stated the deficit at £9,281,000, whereas it was £9,981,000. The estimated deficit for the two years was £23,988,000, the actual deficit was £24,168,300, the difference between the estimated and real deficit being only £lBO,OOO. Snell extreme accuracy could of course only be accidental, but he claimed credit for not having exagge rated the evils of the case. (Hear, hear.) He now came to the revenue and expenditure of the last and present year. The expenditure in 1859-60 was £45,890,000, the income £37,796,000, leaving a deficit of £8,094,000. Adding to that the guaranteed interest on the railroads, £807,000, there was a deficit of £8,981,000, or in round numbers £9,000,000. The expenditure for 1860-61 was £43,958,000; the income £37,762,(100, leaving a deficit upon the Indian expenditure of £6,196,000. .Adding to that the guaranteed interest on the railways, £1,276,000, there being an increase of £400,000, there rensained a deficit of £7,472,000. There had been some controversies whether this deficiency could not be made good by a reduction of the military ex penditure. But when the house perceived that the de ficiency was £7,472,000, and that the military expenditure as estimated was £15,276,000, it would see that it was im possible to reduce that expenditure to so low an amount as £8,000,000, which was £3,000,000 below the expenditure of 1856-57, when the mutiny broke out. Was any one so sanguine as to suppose that the military expenditure could be reduced £3,000,000 below the amount at which it stood the year before the mutiny broke out? The estimate on the table of the house proposed a reduction of £2,600,000, and if to that they added a further reduction of £7,400,000, there must be a reduction of £10,000,000 on the military expenditure of the present year. It was impossible to sup pose that any such reduction could be effected. The Go vernment of Bombay proposed a reduction of £655,000, and that of Madras, £591,000, making a total reduction of £2,600,000, so that the remainder of the reduction, if it could be effected, must be made in Bengal. The greatest pressure had been put upon these governments to make re • ductions. They were becoming aware of the necessity of making them. The Government of Madras had reduced its expenditure to the extent of £330,000, but the Govern ment of Bombay had actually increased its expenditure, which was £197,000 higher than daring the mutiny. The remainder of the reduction was effected in Bengal, which was more susceptible of it. In the two last years the mili tary reductions altogether amounted to £6,000,000, of which £3,400,000 was effected in 1859-60, and £2,600,000 in 1860- 1861. He confessed he was not sanguine enough to suppose that the reductions could be carried on in a greater ratio than that. Lord Canning and Mr. Doran both expressed their opinion that the reductions could not safely be carried on at a more rapid rate. Such was the state of affairs for the present year. But they must of course look beyond the present year, and see what the prospect of reduction was for some time forward. They took 1856-57, the year be fore the mutiny, as a pattern year. Now, the increase on account of pure military expenditure since that year was £3,785,000. But there was besides this a sum of £333,000, the cost of a certain number of provisional bat talions which were not under the Commander-in-Chief. There was an increase of £141,000 in the cost of the troops going out to India. The charge at home for the greater number of Queen's troops in India was £1,195,000 — making the increased charge for the military expenditure £5,454,000. But with the military charge you must more or less include the increased cost of the police. The increase in the police since 1856-57 was £1,024,000. The increase in the military charge therefore was £6,478,000. There was also another charge which was properly a militar y one, namely, a charge for military buildings and barracks for the European troops. The Ersopean soldier in India was a costly thing, and it was not reasonable or fair that he should be sent out to India without providing for him sufficient ac commodation and the means of preserving his health. These barracks were so constructed as to be capable of de fence and of affording protection to ladies and invalids in case of any sudden outbreak. (Hear.) This expenditure had increased from £374,000 to • £1,827,000 in 1859-60. There had been a stoppage of public works for civil pur poses during this time. As he anticipated that there would be a mere transfer of this expenditure from military to civil purposes, he did not think that any reduction of expendi ture could be looked for under this head. Since 1856-7 there had been an increase in the cost of collection of £476,000 ; in the civil and political establishments of £508,000; in the judicial establishments of £163,000 ; in the public works of £452,000 ; and in various miscellaneous items of £124,000. Upon these heads of expenditure he did not anticipate any reduction. On the contrary, there was a general demand for an increase in the civil and judicial esta blishments. The total of the increase in the civil charge was £1,725,000. There was another item of increase which was not susceptible of reduction, namely, the interest onthe debt. The debt in the former period was £59,442,000, and the an nual interest £2,525,000. But we added to the debt so much that at the end of the last year it was £97,851,000, the interest on which was £1,461,000, being an increased annual charge of £1,906,000. Beyond that, there is the in creased guarantee of the railways. The interest of money advanced to the railways was in 1856-7, £404,000; next .year, after deducting the receipts, it was £520,000 ; the next year, £606,000 ; the year after, £807,000 ; and in the present year, after deducting the receipts, £1,276,000 ; being an increase of £872,000 on railway interest. The sum total of this increased expenditure since 1856-7 was— military, £5,451,000 ; police, £1,024,000 ; making a total of £6,478,000. Civil expenditure, including buildings, £1,725,000 ; interest on the debt, £1,936,000 ; guaranteed interest on railways, £872,000 ; and out of these items he did not see any prospect of reduction. The total increase of charge was £11,011,800. During the same time the revenue had increased partly by an improved revenue from old sources, partly from additional taxation, by a sum of £4,400,000, and it was estimated that this might be taken as a fair specimen of the recovery of the Indian revenue after the recovery from the effects of the mutiny. For the year 1861-62, therefore, supposing that no new taxes were to be imposed, and that the increase of revenue was estimated at £4,400,000, there would be a deficit of £6,611,000. Then of course came the question how was that deficit to be dealt with ? Were they to borrow ? Surely after what he had stated to the house no man would be so unwise as to advise an increase to the annual charge arising from borrowing. (Hear, hear.) He thought the system of open loans had been the greatest temptation to expenditure in India in former years, and that the Government never would much trouble theirheads about expenditure as long as that source of supply was open to them. He therefore believed that the noble lord opposite (Stanley), when he insisted on closing the open loan system, conferred one of the greatest boons on India, for it forced economy upon the Government. (Hear, hear.) He believed also that the refusal of that house to guarantee the interest of the Indian debt had a tendency of the same kind. (Hear, hear.) These two things combined had the effect of throwing the government of India upon their own resources; and the fact that they were solely responsible for the finances of India would be the greatest inducement to them to practice that economy for which, he must say, they had not hitherto been distinguished. Although at first sight it might seem somewhat hard to make India pay a higher amount of interest than she would do if this coun try guaranteed the debt, he believed that advantage would be more than counterbalanced by the economy which must result from the knowledge that India must rely on her own resources. If, then, they were not to borrow, and if there were no prospect of reduced expenditure, there was no other alternative but the imposition of taxation. His conviction was, after the closest examination of the papers, and with the greatest anxiety to see his way to a practical reduction of expenditure, that it was perfectly impossible, within such a period as they contemplated, to effect such a reduction of expenditure as would bring that expenditure within the present amount of taxation. Various opinions had been expressed as to the various sources of taxation. The pro duce of all the!existing taxes, customs, salt, opium, and stamps, was included within their consideration. Some hon. gentlemen seemed to think that the price of opium might be increased, but the opium produced a net revenue this year less by £576,000 than last year. Surely it would not be wise to rely upon opium as a source of income. Well, they had then to come to a scheme of taxation. It would appear that a mode of raising a further income in India had been under discussion for the last year and a half. A bill was introduced in the council for the license tax in the summer o f 1859, an d th oug h th e govern =mat of M a d ras o bj ec t e d to any a ddi t i ona l taxat i on, yet a d ecided opinio n was I was c ome for given by the Treasury that the time the imposition of now taxes. As soon as ~`- ~--_ THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUSr 14 , 1860. Mr. Wilson had arrived in India he proceeded to meet Lord Canning, going as far as Lahore,' thus communicating With all the principal functionaries along the whole of the line. He then came down to Calcutta, and brought in bills to pro vide for the revenue, half by licenses, half by income tax ; and with the entire approbation of the Goverhor-General, and the fullest consent of all parties in India, the bills were put into the shape in which they now were. He (Sir C. Wood) believed no other course was open; and a very re markable circumstance connected with these papers was that Sir B. Frere gave it as his opinion that additional taxa tion was not necessary, as by a reduction of expenditure such ..a course might be avoided. If gentlemen would refer to one o f the minutes in these papers they would see that in the lli tadras presidency, out of about 1,500,000 landholders there ve ere only 800 who paid the taxes to which they were as seosed. He (Sir C. Wood) did not know if hon. members hael. seen a letter addressed to Mr. Wilson by the Mahara jah of Burdwan, assuring him that he felt very sensibly the value of the protection of the English Government to life and property, and expressing his opinion that the land holders aught readily to pay their taxes in consideration of that protection, which he thought was highly creditable to the Maharajah. With regard to the tobacco tax, it was to be levied, not on the land on which it was grown, but on the persons' selling it. Looking, then, at all the circum stances of th e case, and believing there was no other alter native than t hat, unless they were prepared to raise addi tional taxes, t hey must go on in a ruinous system of bor rowing, he wa..ef opinion they should give their best sup port to the Government of India, who were, after all, the persons respon.ale, and the best judges of whit was want ing and what was not wanting; and he (Sir C. Wood) was strongly of opinion that the less we inter:ered with the Go vernment of India the better and safer it would be, and the better we should be prepared to give them our most cordial support. By the last despeches he received from India he found that the Government there did not conceive that any very large sum would be raised by this new taxation, not much more than £1,000,000, and that next year it would produce about £3,500,000. The pure military expenses would be £17,000,000, and the police expenses nearly £2,000,000. On the whole, he thought we had a very rea sonable prospect that at the end of the year 1861.62 we might bring the income and expenditure to a level, and in the course of three or four years ho hoped the ordinary in. come might be equal to the ordinary expenditure. .(Hear.) He might further state that the prices of produce were rising in all parts of India, and so were the wages of la bour;, and in Madras there was full employment for every one. (Hear, hear.) Therefore, he might fairly say, " Give us time, and if peace is preserved in India, there is every prospect of India becoming prosperous." But the more im mediate question was how to provide for the year 1861-62. He answered, that he proposed to do so by drawing on the balances in the Treasury, which this year were extraordi narily high. They borrowed last year sooner than they in tended, and a loan of £5,000,000 was raised. At first the loan was not very successful, and only a small amount of it was subscribed when he addressed the house in Aug. last. It was then considered that the estimated probable portion of that loan raised in India would be only £1,700,000, but the very next mail which came from India stated it was estimated at £1,800,000, showing that there was only a dif ference of £lOO,OOO between his (Sir C. Wood's) esrmate and that of the Indian Government. It might be asked why then he was going to borrow now a sum of £3,000,000. His answer was that he wanted that sum to meet the con tingencies of the proprietors of railways in India, amount ing to £7,000,000—0f that sum about £1,500,000 would be disbursed in India. Therefore he was obliged to ask for this loan of £3,000,000, lest the portion which should be raised in India would fail, though he hoped the whole sum would be raised by the railway companies. But in one way or other, either from the money market of this country or from some other source, those £7,000,000 must be raised the first year for the railroads in India. (Hear.) With respect to the customs duties, some had been rased and others lowered—altogether the whole had been equalised. Upon ' this subject, however, we had not very much complaint. A commission had been appointed to investigate the subject, in which the Chambers of Commerce in Madras and Bom bay were represented. It would meet in Calcutta, and the result of its labours he trusted would be that the new duties would press fairly on all classes. Various other measures had been token to consolidate and arrange financial matters, and regulate the balances in the numerous treasuries, and he hoped by the end of the year to have 1,200 or 1,300 miles open. A l l the anticipated objections of the natives to the railroads have proved to be without foundation, end there was no doubt they would be extremely profitable, though some of the works were very heavy, and a very large ex penditure was necessary; for completing them. Full particu lars respecting the progress of the railways would be found in an able report which had recently been laid on the table by an officer in the Indian service. The sum of £52,000,000 would be required to complete the lines, of which 136,500,000 had been authorised, and £29,500,000 had been paid up— £25,250,000 by shares, and £4,250,000 by debentures. None of the lines had been opened as yet between clear termini, notwithstanding which the traffic had been very favourable, and there was every reason to believe that when the lines were fully opened between the principal termini the traffic returns would exceed all expectations which had been hitherto entertained. The electric telegraph had been opened to the extent of 11,500 miles, but he must confess that with respect to the submarine portion of it he was not very sanguine, although they had once received a message in six days from Calcutta. They were preparing to carry on the telegraph from Singapore to Calcutta, which would materially shorten the distance. With respect to public works, they had been very much at a stand still, officers having been required for the purpose either of military duties or to superintend the erection of military works. That necessity, however, had now passed, and they would be able to devote their attention again to the public works which were of the greatest possible value to the country. They were going on rapidly in the Punjaub—the road to Peshawire was in progress, and also a tunnel beneath the Indus. A shaft had already been sunk forty feet below the level of the river, and the tunnel when completed would be a most valuable work. Works of irrigation were progress ing throughout the country, and an expenditure had been authorised which would open out 70 canals through the province of Scinde, and they were being carried out as fast as the state of the labour market would permit. Improve ments were also being effected in the harbour of Kurrachee, and in Bengal roads were being made, principally with a view to open up commuaications with railroad stations. Negotiations were going on with the Madras Irrigation Company, and he had been in communication with the Go vernor-General as to the terms upon which the proposed works were to be proceeded with. The Government had been asked to take particular steps in reference to the God every Irrigation Improvements, but the steps they were called upon to take would involve the rights to the banks of the river, which the Goveiament had no power to concede, inasmuch as they were bound to respect the rights of the native princes. Consequently, nothing c )uld be done in that direction until they had obtained the consent of the native princes, but he did not anticipate any difficulty in the matter. Many improvements had been authorised for the accommodation of the cotton trade, the object being to provide a convenient port on the coast for that trade. ,They had ,also ruthorised the construction of docks at Bombay, and they had been in communication with the Indian Government on the question. Before proceed ing. further, he felt bound to pay a tribute to the con duct of Lord Canning, who had used great exertions to remove the prejudices of the natives, and who had been invariably animated by the most benevolent motives, though somehow or other his efforts had not aiways been attended with success. Of late years the system of go vernment which had been established in the North- Western Provinces had been most successful, but unfortu nately the attempt to carry out a similar system in Oude had not been so successful as might have been desired, and had resulted in the destruction of all the, old landlords. It was fancied that a great benefit would be conferred upon the ryots by the suppression of the Talookdars, but the people rose up and, turning out the legal owners, reinstated ' the hereditary landlords, show ing- that they preferred the old system, although the Talookdars had exercised their powers with the greatest injustice. The mistake which had been made had been in attempting to introduce all at ones a system foreign to the habits of the people. Curiously enough, what had been called the confiscation by Lord Canning of the property of the Talookdars had in reality amounted to the reinvestment of the land in the Talookdars. The Ta • lookdars, however, had evinced a disposition to discharge the new duties which devolved upon them with justice and impartiality. A similar course would be adopted in reference to the Punjab and the Sirdars, and he trusted that it would be attended with beneficial results. In northern India what was termed the system of adoption had been recognised, and the announcement of the intentions of the government had produced a most favourable impression on the minds of the native princes. He believed that the policy which had been adopted, together with the introduc tion of English capital, would ultimately produce prosperity in India, and contribute to the happiness of the vast popu lations under her Majesty's dominion in that empire. Mr. 11. SEYMOUR said he never heard a more unsatis factory statement, or he would say a more unfair speech. The right hon. gentleman stated the deficit at £7,000,000, and said that was the lowest point to whi c h the Goerern ment of India could reduce it. But Mr. Wilson said that that deficit might be reduced now to £5,700,000. He quoted a passage from Mr. Wilson to this effect. But Mr. IA ilson did not get down to this point till hardly pressed by Sir C. Trevelyan. He quoted the opinions of Sir C. Trevelyan, who stated that in Bombay and Madras the military ex penditure might be still further greatly reduced. The right hon. gentleman stated that there was rather an increase than a decrease in the military expenditure in the minor presidencies within the last year; but according to the au thority, of Lord Elphinstone and Sir C. Trevelyan, the ex penditure ought not to be greater than before the year of the mutiny ; and Sir C. Trevelyau added that the increased expenditure in the Madras presidency was attributable to the sluggish delays in decisions and operations of the Conn ell. The formation of police was of great importance; but to that there were also great delays, and while it was on the one hand said that such a force would increase the ex penditure to two millions and a half, it was on the other shown that the expenditure for such a force would not exceed £140,000 a-year, and that statement was eupported by the authority of the chief of police, who was engaged in forming and organising the force. But while the larger estimate was submitted to them they would have but one policeman to every 1,000 of the population, and those were some of the reasons why the right hon. gentleman had not kept down the expenditure. Sir Charles Trevelyan said, on the other band, that having made India his study for the greater part of his life, he was confident that the ex penditure might bo reduced to £11,500,000, being the ex penditure of the year before the mutiny. Now, all the expenditure was not for the actual and active military force in India—on the contrary, more than one-half of it was for the commissariat and other auxiliary military departments. Sir Charles Trevelyan very justly said that not only had Mr. Wilson over-stated the expense of the army, but he had under-stated the estimates. The land revenue and the salt tax were decreasing. He was of opinion that, with proper management and government, the magnificent pro perty of the Ganges alone would yield a greater return than the whole of British India had yielded in the course of the 100 years that it had been subjected to British rule. He could not find that Mr. Wilson, in his estimates, had ever taken into account any reduction at all in the army. But Sir Patrick Grant had shown that several regiments of in fantry, and some of cavalry, and of other branches of the service, might be safely disbanded, were it not for the ap prehension thgt a rising of the population might take place, as a consequence of the infliction of new taxation. (Hear.) They were, however, told that a sum of £1,500,000 was to be expended on the erection of new barracks, and that an other sum of £1,500,000 was to be expended in the con- , struction of forts, so that they were to have within less than two years an additional sum of taxation amounting to no less than £3,000,000 for barracks and forts. Now he had a friend, M. de Brialmont, who wrote the best life of the Duke .of Wellington, and that distinguished author was at present engaged in writing a book to show how India could be governed by a very small number of troops. He was therefore apprehensive that Mr. Wilson, in his estimates, was wasting money, and he should like to know from him whether he was taking the proposed money for the whole expenditure to be incurred, or whether he meant that application should be made hereafter to this country for a much larger sum of money. And while this increased expenditure was proposed, he found that the civil works in India had been stopped—those works which Sir Charles Trevelyan spoke so highly of, likening them to a California, from which a rich mine of gold might be reaped—works from which there was a return of from 40 to 60 per cent. He (Mr. H. Seymour) maintained, then, thdt it was madness in the Government to stop the progress of public works iu India. But after stopping the publie works—works from which, according to Sir Charles Tre velyan, they might " reap fields of gold," why should they burden the people with increased taxation ? (Hear, hear.) He could not but regret that the suggestions of Lord Dal housie on that part of the resources of India had not been carried out. With respect to the formation and results of railways in India, he expected that a very large sum must ultimately be derived. The right hon. gentleman had, amongst other things, spoken of currency, and on that part of the subject he (Mr. H. Seymour) begged to remark that, in Russia, the Government of that empire paid the troops in paper currency in the most distant parts of the vastly ex tended territory. He (Mr. H. Seymour) in speaking on that part of the question, begged to say that he was of opinion that railways must pay in India, and he should like to see them carried out there in the most extended way, even to Cape Coi alorin. It was throwing money away to make a turnpike road when a railway could bo constructed. As to the mutiny, that was caused by bad government, and £50,000,000 was spent in suppressing that which night have been prevented by ordinary foresight. Rack-rents and op pression of the ryots had wrought much mischief in India. The noble lord the member for King's Lynn had done much to benefit India. He ordered the fee simple of the land to be sold in certain cases, and Sir C. Trevelyan had done much to carry out the prudent resolves of the noble lord (Stanley), and had their `sews been carried out the most satisfactory results would have ensued. Last year the military expenditure was nearly three-fourths of the whole revenue of India. It was absolutely necessary that that expenditure should be reduced. Then there was £123,000 voted for ecclesiastical expenditure, independently of what was paid to chaplains. The Dissenters had done much, and without any expense to the State, for the promotion of Christianity in India; and he thought that no funds what ever should be voted for any such purpose. He thought the religious movement should be carried out wholly on the voluntary principle, and that no religious State establish ment should be paid for India. The ministers of the Established Church were a kind of cis il service officers, and also a sort of aristocracy ; and, without meaning any thing disparaging to them, he did not think they were so active or so useful as the Dissenting missionaries. In looking at the accounts he found that Bengal and the north-western provinces showed a surplus, while Bombay and Madras showed a deficit. He should like to see such a statement of accounts as would enable the house exactly to know the state of the finances of these respective places. He believed that the affairs of India would never be satis factorily conducted so long as the right hon. gentleman persisted in the course which he had pursued since hit; ap pointment to the Indian Secretaryship. He did not think that the right hon. gentleman had displayed the same energy as the noble lord the member for King's Lynn in enforcing and carrying out a reduction of expenditure. He contended that the Government was not justified in recall. ing Sir C. Trevelyan. Mr. E WART thought the Government could not do otherwise than recal Sir C. Trevelyan, and said he trusted that when the police were efficient in India they would be able to reduce the military expenditure of that cot. utiy. Mr. GREGSON said he was favourable to the mode by which the right hon. gentleman (Sir C. Wood) propased to raise the money to be provided for India. He trusted that they would be able to reduce the military expenditure of that count_,. Sir H. WILLOUGHBY was glad to find that the Chan cellor of the Exchequer had not asked for bohlowing powers larger than would give him the means of raising £3,000,000. But he must take that opportunity of expressing his appre hensions in reference to the financial state of India. When Mr. Wilson went to India he found that there was a deficit of £3,100,000 arising out of various items left out of the accounts. Considering that the expenditure of India for the last three years was on an average £50,000,000 a-year, he looked with great fear as to the result of the experiment about to be made in relation to an Income tax in that country. Mr. ROEBUCK called attention to the case of those who had sustained losses by the revolt in India. The law in England was that in such cases compensation for damages was made by the hundred, wbich in India was represented by the Gavel.ement of course. Ho complained that the right hon. gentlemen had one day promised compensation for losses of moveable and immoveable property, giving in the one case half, and in the other one-third of the value of the property so lost, to the extent cf £1,000,000, whereas, a day or two afterwards, he sent a despatch to India, in which he said the Government had decided to give compensation to the extent of one-half on losses not exceeding 2,000r5., and where the losses were over that amount that I,ooors. would be awarded, and one-third of the sum by which the loss should exceed 2,000r5. With regard to cash, jewels, &c., the right hon. gentleman, in the same despatch, said Govetament had decided to pay in no case compensation exceeding 5,000r5. Now, the right hon. gentleman had said India would not prosper till they get for it the advantage of English capital; but they would not get English capital whilst, by such conduct as this, they fostered a feeling of insecurity. Instead of having the advantage of English capital, they would starve the country for want of it if they pursued such fantastic courses. Next he came to the case of the insurance companies. The Government had induced the civilians to enter into mi , ittuy seta :ce during the mu tiny, and this had been fatal to the lives of many. The in surance companies had honourably paid the claims under the policies on these lives, and called upon the Government to reimburse them for the payments so made. This the Government refused to do, but he warned them that they had not heard the last of this subject. It would come up again next session with re loubled force, and he pressed upon her Majesty's Ministers till the claimants at length made up their minds that it was useless to appeal to the British House of Commons to see that justice should be done them. (Hear, lear,) Sir DE LACY EVANS supported this view of the case, on the ground that the Government had encouraged these civilians to enter upon those military duties in the pursuit of which they had lost their lives. The Government, he thought, was bound to deal liberally with such cases. Ho should not attempt he said to follow the right hon. gentle man into his voluminous statement, but would make a re mark or two on the military parts of it. He was glad to find that suitable barracks were to be erected in India, with secure places for the women and the treasure. This no doubt would cost a large sum of money. He agreed with the right hon. gentleman as to the loss which India had sustained in the removal of Sir Charles Trevelyan. (Hear.) He would not enter into the causes of it; but, considering his great abilities, he thought some less severe and more intermediate course than removal might have been adopted. (Hear.) But the step had been taken and was now irrevoc able. The whole of the distresses whieh the right hon. gentleman had detailed rested on the fact ofthe immense mili tary establishment kept up in Bengal. In 1857 we were taken unawares, with 45,000 troops—perhaps only about 40,000 when the mutiny broke out, and yet the neck of it was broken without additional troops by the downfal of Delhi, which was accomplished without a gun or a soldier from England. No doubt Oude gave us much trouble subsequently, but Delhi was the turning point, and that was conquered with 40,000 troops. The people of India did not sympathise with the revolt ; it was confined to the sepoys and their connexions in Oude. Yet no conquest was ever more complete. No fewer than 1,030 of the forts of the Talookdars had been rased to the ground, and a million and a half of arms had been taken from the people. (Hear, hear.) Still troops were being continually sent out. (Hear, hear.) The danger arose from our having much too large a native army, and our present policy was, therefore, to increase our European and to decrease our native 'forces. No doubt our European forces had been augmented, but our native army had been I augumented also ; and how could the finances of the coun try be expected to bear it ? This would account for the lamentable financial exhibition which the right hon. gentle man had been compelled to make. What was the meaning of this great European force in India? No doubt, as the right hon. gentleman had said, any reduction must be made gradually; but, so far as he could see, there had been no reduction at all. He very much disapproved of so large ' a force being kept up. Mr. VANSITTART quoted Mr. Wilson against conti nuing to borrow in the time of peace. The most serious fact connected with the finances of India was, he said, that since the beginning of the present century, with the exception of fifteen years, there had been a deficit larger or smaller in amount, till the Indian debt had reached £97,851,807, of which £38,410,755 had been incurred by the mutiny of our Bengal native Sepoy army. lt was thought that Mr. Wilson would have to encounter a deficit of a few millions, but it had proved to be fifteen millions. Much allowance, therefore, must be made for some severi ties of taxation, but he did not at all agree with his income tax scheme, the result of which he thought would consi derably disappoint the Government. Mr. CRAWFORD was prepared to give his support to the resolution. With respect to the income tax, he was of opinion that if levied by the natives themselves, it would be productive of great good, and would not be attended, as ap prehended by some hon. gentlemen, with any bad conse quences. Mr. T. BARING thought the questions relating to the affairs of India bad not been fairly dealt with that night by some hon. members. Complaints had been made that the right hon. gentleman the Secretary of State for India had appointed gentlemen to sinecure situations in that part of the empire, and that he bad appointed an Englishman to a situation there who had neverbeen in, and who knew nothing whatever of the affairs of India. But those statements were not founded in fact. The right hon. gentleman had been taunted also on the subject of the Indian accounts. But what was the fact ? Why, that was the first year that the current accounts of the year had been laid on the table. With regard to the public works, those railways only were put a stop to which it was knows, from the difficulties of the country through which they were being carried, would not give a compensatory return. But compensatory allow ance had been made to the parties who undertook those works, up to the point at which they had been stopped. An hon. gentleman contended that a diminution of £2,000,000 ought to have been effected in the military expenditure in India in the years 1859-1860 ; but it was shown that a very considerable decrease had been made in the military expenditure in those years, and the committee, ho thought, ought to rely upon the council to make such decrease in the expenditure as to them should seem wise and desirable. The right hon. gentleman had been also accused of creating new offices since he was appointed Secretary of State for India; but so far from that being the case, he had not only not created new offices, but he abolished some old ones, and amongst them that of the keeper of the museum. The Secretary of State for India has so much simplified the postal arrangements with India that very little time is lest in conducting our communications with that country. In the matter of tax ation also great improvements had been made, and the officials were so regulated that the public business was conducted with the utmost facility. (Hear, hear.) Mr. AYRTON thought that it world have been desir able to have referred the whole of this matter to a select committee. At this period of the session however, that was not practicable. It was impossible for the House of Com mons to conclude, in their present state of information, that the proposed taxes were necessary. Sir C. Trevelyan and other high authorities were of opinion that if the financial affairs of India were properly managed the expenditure could be reduced below what it was before the mutiny °cern ; and yet, without any satisfactory information, the right hon. gentleman asked for £3,000,000 additional. He (Mr. Ayrton) thought the Legislative Council in India a solemn and expensive farce, and that the sooner it was abolished the better. After a few words from Mr. GREGSON and Major PARKER, Sir C. WOOD stated, in reply to the observations of the hon. member for the Tower Hamlets, that the bill was brought forward as soon as possible after the receipt of im portant financial despatches. With regard to the hon, mem ber for Poole, he quite despaired of satisfying him. His own sins, while Under-Secretary for India, he attempted to throw on his (Sir C. Wood's) shoulder. He might say, however, that he was not aware of any intention of expending money from the revenues of India on improvements at the Point de Galle. Then his hon. friend the member for Sheffield complained of the expense of the ecclesiastical establishments of India. All he (Sir C.Wood) had done in the matter was to fill up the vacancies whioh had occurred. The hon. member for Poole (Mr. Danby Seymour) had also complained that the military reduction in India had not been carried out to the extent it ought to have been. He believed that the papers laid upon the table of the house proved the contrary of this ; and he must also say that the information in the papers upon this and all other points was full and complete. He contended that it was impossible to reduce the expenditure of the army in India to the extent of £10,000,000, as suggested by the hon. gentle man. The right hon. gentleman then justified the appoint ment of Sir George Clerk as Governor of Bombay, and also the appointment of Mr. Melville as Under-Secretary of the India Board. He admitted that he was the author of the Legislative Council of India, and although it had not worked as well as-he could have wished, still good legisla tive measures had emanated from it. The Customs duties in India were not imposed for protection, but for revenue pur poses. What he said with respect to the subject of irriga tion was, that if the Irrigation Company did not early out the system fully the Government wonld not do it. The resolution was then agreed to, and tho house re sumed. FORTIFICATION (PROVISION FOR EXPENSES) BILL. The house then went into committee on tl - 's bill. Clauses from 1 to 18 were agreed to. Sir F. SMITH moved to reduce the vote for the works at Portsmouth by the sum of £200,000. The commissioners themselves did not propose to complete these works at once, but to leave the connecting links between the eight works to some :ature time, end that was a sufficient justification for his motion. The enemy would come boldly and resolutely to attack their arsenals, and if they were to have men to de fend them and their fortifications, they would have a compa ratively small force to that which they otherwise would to take the field. How in that case could they meet a French army. If they strengthened the works which they have, far fewer men would be required to defend them than if they were not well constructed. Take, for instance, Cha tham. There they at present would require only 10,000 men to defend their fortifications, but if they extended the works they would require 20,000 men to defend thera . Their great object should be not so much to extend as to strengthen their defences, by which means they would liberate a large athount of their whole force to take the field. He main tained that according to the way in which they were going on, they had been wasting money on their fortifications for years past, and he must protest against this vote. Let them look, oven, to the New Zealanders, and they would see that they, by their mode of proceeding, were enabled to throw up works of the most formidable and effective character in a few hours against the Queen's troops. Was it, then, to be said that in this country, where they had a great body of navigators, they would have any difficulty in throwing up defensive works, if necessary, in a very short time ? (Hear.) lle thought, therefore, that the proposed expense for the fortifications at Portsmouth was unnecessary, and being of that opinion, he should propose that the vote for the works there be reduced to £200,000. ' Sir F. GOLDSMID did not pretend to be an authority upon military fortifications and means of defence but look ing at all the circumstances, he was of opinion that the pro posed vote was excessive. He saw by the commissioners' report, which he had carefully perused, that they laid great stress upon the land defences ; but the great reliance of the country, as means of resistance, should be upon their navy. In the third paragraph of the report, the commissioners, after advancing the most extraordinary conclusions that the English fleet would lose by some means temporary pos session of the Channel, the enemy, in such an event might effect a landing; but he thought there was no likelihood of such a probability, seeing that the British fleet having com mand of the sea, and knowing what they were about, were not likely to lose their course, and therefore not to give the enemy any such chance. The war in Russia, and the more recent war in Italy, had been referred to. Now, with re gard to Russia, the commanders of the invading army had been able to lay their plans with the same ease that they would if the Russians had no fleet at all, and seeing that the Russians had not at all the 'command of the sea, the com missioners bad no ground for at all supposing that the Eng lish fleet would be reduced to such a condition. The ccm missioners had rather contemptuously referred to the facili ties for defence which railroads would afford for the pro gress of an invading force through the country. Let them now turn to the other point raised by the commissioners. What inference cou'd be drawn from the landing at Genoa to the landing of hostile forces in England ? Where forces were landed on the shores of a country whose population were favourable to the invaders, the case was very dif ferent from an attempt to land hostile forces where thee inhabitants were disposed for resistance. Therefore, the report of the commissioners did not at all apply to this country, and the recommended expenditure should not be approved of, but the whole of our outlay should be on our sea defences. He therefore hoped the motion of his hon. and gallant friend would be approved of. (Hear.) Mr. S. HERBERT differed in opinion from the hon. gentleman as to the necessity of land defences. Every man of common sense must perceive at once the advantage of such modes of defence. Sir J. Burgoyne, and the greatest military authorities, were of opinion that those land forti fications were necessary. The commission only proposed what every engineer officer approved of. Sir W. Napier and General S. Kennedy approved of this plan of land for tification. Last year Sir J. Burgoyne in his evidence deli berately stated that 'such works were absolutely necessary. The proposals made by the Government were made with the sanction of a committee, consisting of Lord Palmerston, the Duke of Cambridge, Sir Howard Douglas, and a num ber of other distinguished military authorities. Sir 'Toward Douglas's advice was to make the sea defences first, and that was what the Government desired to do. It would be unwise to postpone making sea defences until the last field works, which, when an emergency arose, would be most important. When they had an opportunity of making a complete and comprehensive plan, why should they leave out any of the details ? He hoped the house would not con sent to the proposition of the hon. and gallant member. Colonel DICKSON gave the amendment his cordial sup port. He did not think the land defences necessary. There • was not at this moment a standing army of sufficient strength in the event of an invasion, and he objected that I money should be wasted on land fortifications when it could be much better expended in adding to the strength and efficiency of the army. The militia too was in a most un satisfactory state, and as long as it was conducted on the present system the militia would never be an efficient force. Mr. NEWDEGATE said that if an invasion was pos sible it was right that they should be prepared to oppose it. He could not, therefore, support the amendment. He could not believe that Fortsdown fortification was unne cessary, and that being so ho would support the proposal. He heartily supported the vote for the sea defences, but at the same time they ought to proceed with economy and caution. He objected to the proposal for a central arsenal. Mr. BAILLIE COCHRANE said he looked at this in crease of the expenditure in the military affairs of the country with great regret. They were acting with great inconsistency in regard to the Emperor of the French. One time he was their worthy ally, at another his whole conduct was to be looked upon with suspicion. Entertaining this view of the case he would support the amendment before the house. The committee then divided, when there appeared— For the amendment 2B Against it Majority against the amendment The schedule was then agreed to. SUPPLY. The reports of the 9th and 10th of August were brought up and agreed to. CONSOLIDATED FUND (X 10,000,000) BILL. This bill passed through commitce. STAMP DUTIES (No. 2) BILL. This bill passed through committee, and on the motion of the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, the fol lowing clause was added :—From and after the thirtyflrst day of December, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, the allowances granted respectively by the 18th section of the act passed in the thirteenth and fourteenth years of her Majesty, chapter ninety-seven, in respect of stamps for receipts, and by the twenty-fourth section of the act passed in the seventeenth and eighteenth years of her Majesty, chapter eighty-three, in respect of stamps for drafts, i bills, and notes, and any allowance granted by or payable under any other act, in respect of any of the stamps in this cause mentioned, shall cease ; and in lieu -thereof there shall be granted and allowed to every person who at one and the same time shall produce at the office of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, in London or Dub lin, paper to be stamped with stamps for denoting any rate of duty, not exceeding one shilling on bills of exchange, drafts, or ordors, or promissory notes, or stamps for de noting the duty of one penny on any instrument or docu ment whatever (except posfage stamps and customs stamps) to the amount of two pounds or upwards in the whole of all or any of such stamps, and to every person who at one and the same time shall purchase any such stamps as afore said at the office of the said Commissioners, in London, Edinburgh, or Dublin, to the amount aforesaid, or of any distributor or sub-distributor of stamps, at any place not within the distance of ten miles from the said offices re spectively, to the amount of one pound or upwards, an allowance at and after the rate of four per cont. on the amount of the duties denoted by such stamps, provided that no allowance shall bo made for any fraction of a pound. CUSTOMS (No. 2) BILL. This bill was read a second time. DEFENCE OF THE REALM BILL. This bill was read a second time. SPIRITS BILL. This bill was read a third time and passed. SPIRIT DUTIES BILL. This bill passed through committee. EXCISE DUTIES BILL. _ _ _ This bill passed through committee. PEACE PRESERVATION (IRELAND) ACT (1856 AMENDMENT BILL. This bill passed through committee. The Metropolitan Local Amendment Act Amendment Bill was adjourned, after which the other orders of the day were disposed of, and the house adjourned at half-past two o'clock. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT-Aug. 13 , OLD COURT. The grand jury returned four true bills for mur der against William Godfrey Youngman. Henry Jones, 27, who was in custody, and David Wells, Charles Wells, his son ; Richard Lamb, and Edward Wilson, who surrendered, were indicted for• conspiracy. Sergeant !Parry attended, specially with Mr. Cooper, to conduct •the prosecution. Mr. Sleigh, Mr. Giffard, Mr. Lilley. and Mr. Ernest Jones were counsel for the defendants. This was a prosecution instituted by the Great Northern Railway Company, and the offence im puted to the defendants was a fraud not only upon that company, but also upon the public, of a most impudent character. The public are aware that the Great Northern Railway Company is very ex tensively concerned in the sale of coals, and have large depots at King's-cross, and this business is managed by a Mr. Herbert Clarke. The elder pri soner, Wells, it appears,has a coal shed in Clerken well, and it would seem that it was his custom to purchase coals of the most inferior quality from the company, and for which he did not pay more than 14s. or 15s. per ton. and then sell the same coals to the public as best Wallsend coals, and he had bill heads printed in such a form as to induce the public to believe that they were dealing with the Great Northern Railway Coal Company, and the receipts were signed " Pro R. Clarke." The difference in the quality of the coals was not the only fraud to which the public were subjected, for it appeared that the prisoners, when they sent in coals to a customer were in the habit of sending empty sacks in the van, and in one case they delivered to a gen tleman named Minaret, who had ordered two tons of coals, 15 sacks only instead of 20. The jury, after about half an hour's absence, re turned a verdict of not guilty. SUMMER ASSIZES. NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—LivERrooL, Aug. 13. (Before Mr. Baron Martin.) This morning Captain Leslie, found guilty at the last assizes on an indictment for falsely imprisoning five Chilian gentlemen, who were political prisoners sentenced to be banished, and who was employed by the Chilian Government to bring them in his ship to this country, and land them in Liverpool, was brought up for judgment. A case having been reserved for the opinion of the Court of Criminal Appeal, the conviction was affirmed, that Court being of opinion that, although perfectly justified in detaining the prosecutors so long as his ship was in Chili an wa t ers , ye t th a t their detention against their will was unlawful when the defendant had passed out of the boundaries of that country. His lordship sentenced the defendant to be fined ls., and to be discharged. James Halloran, 17, and Phillip Mack, 18, were indicted for the wilful murder of Patrick Gibbons, at Liverpool, on the 2d of May last. Mr. Aspinall and the Hon. Dudley Campbell prosecuted; and Mr. Deighton defended the Pri soners. It appeared that the prisoners were shoeblacks, following their vocation in Bispham-street, Liver pool, and that the deceased man had recently come into their street as a rival. At about half-past 11 o'clock on the night of the 2d of May the deceased and a lad named Hayes went down Bispham-street, and the two prisoners and a third man were on the opposite side of the street. One of the three men threw a stone at the deceased, and imme diately crossed over an d as k e d H ayes and the de ceasedif they wanted anything. At that time the prisoner Mack had a poker in his hand with which he struck Patrick Gibbons on the head, knocking him down. Hayes then ran away, followed by Mack, and it then appeared from the evidence of a woman named Archibald that the two prisoners, on seeing the deceased in the street, ran into the house where they lived, and said, " they wanted a poker to beat a lad at the top of the street." Mack then got a poker from the fireplace, and the other pri soner obtained a sling shot, with which they went out; and after Mack had struck the deceased with the poker, and, while he was chasing Hayes, Halloran struck the deceased various blows with the sling shot, and the third man who was with the prisoner raised the deceased up and dashed his head against the footpath. On Mack returning he jumped on the deceased, who was lying ou the ground, saying, "he had stopped the from saying anything for three months, and perhaps for six." The deceased died three days afterwards from the injuries he had received. His Lordship having summed up, The jury found the prisoners guilty of man slaughter. His Lordship, in passing sentence, said it was as cruel and as bad a manslaughter as ho had ever heard, and that the difference between it and mur der was vety slight. The sentence of the Court was, that they be sent to penal servitude for the term of their lives. 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Easton and Amos's engi neering works, in the Grove, Great Guildford-street, Southwark, in consequence of a report being cur rently circulated that a man employed in the factory had been so brutally knocked about in a pugilistic encounter with another man, named Williams, that his life was despaired of. Unfortunately the worst apprehensions were more than realised, for the poor fellow expired at half-past four o'clock yeterdr , y aft( raoor, and now awaits the coroner s inquest. The short facts of this lamentable case are as fol low :—For some time' past a great deal of ill-feeling had prevailed in Messrs. Easton and Amos's fac tory between two of their workmen named respec tively George Mitchell and Williams. The conse quence was that they both agreed to fight on Sunday morning for a sovereign a-side. A man named Davis was appointed either one of the stake holders or referees, and who also worked in the same factory, and he accompanied the belligerents to Battersea.fields, where they had a regular staid up fight for a considerable period, during which time it seems that George Mitchell was repeatedly knocked down, and that more than once he fell heavily on the side of his head, besides receiving violent blows on the temples and chest. The unfor tunate man was prostrated several times, but nothing serious or fatal was apprehended, and he was able to walk home, but in a state of severe suffering. Dr. Leech, of the firm of Wood and Leech, surgeons, of Union-street, Borough, was promptly in attendance, but he at once pronounced the unfortunate fellow to be in articulo mortis. Everything, hoWever, was done that humanity or surgical skill could devise, but without the least beneficial effect, and he expired at half-past four o'clock yesterday afternoon. It also appears that the man Davis, one of the seconds, had gone on Sunday morning and knocked Mitchell (the deceased) up, when his wife refused to let him go out, the man telling her that he was only going to have a running match for a sovereign a-side. She accordingly allowed him to go out, and hence the fatal result. Information of the melancholy occurrence having been sent to the Stone's-end station of the M Divi sion of the Metropolitan Police, Acting-Inspector Gardener was despatched by Mr. Monford, the superintendent of the division, in search of the guilty persons, but the only persons engaged in the fatal affray that he could find in the factory was the man Davis, one of the seconds, who was at once removed in custody. Mitchell's antagonist has not yet been appre hended, but it is expected he will be in a day or two. The unfortunate deceased lived at No. 3, Cottage place, Castle-street, Southwark-bridge-road, and was considered a very clever workman, Ho has left a widow and four children in a state of utter destitution to deplore his untimely end, and it was only by a subscription amongst his late brother workmen that they wyre enabled to get a meal last night. From the fact of the wife of the other ma" being known to be in Yorkshire, it is expected that he *ill be found there. The coroner's inquest, it is expected, will not be held until Wednesday or Thursday. COUNTRY MARK ETS. i COLCHESTER -AuG. 11. A fair supply of wheat. Prices Is per qr advance on the currencies of last week. Very little doing in spring corn, with prices as before. The weather'still continues unsettled. Wheat, white GN to 684 I Beans, Maza,gan„ 37s to 404 red 54s to 58s I Middle & small 40s to 44s Barley 2Bs to 32s White peas 3Bs to 40 s I Oats 26s to 2 8 s Grey,. 40s to 42s CHELMSFORD .--Ara. 10. • There was a rather fair supply of wheat, and business was not brisk, at barely late rates. In Spring corn little doing worthy of notice, but quotations firm. Peas a scarce article. Wheat. white....44s to 618 J Peas, Partridge 428 to 430 red, ......43s to 57s White 42s to 45 3 Barley 34s to 40s Boiling 42s to 450 Chevalier ....35s to 40s Dun 37s to 40s Grinding 32s to 36s Beais, Tick ....39s to 45s Malt 61s to 67s Harrow Ticks 40s to 48 0 Chevalier 64s to 69s Mazagan 37s to al Oats 25s to 30s YORK- At m. 11. The supply of wheat was again moderate, and currenoie 9 were is to 2s higher. In this neighbourhood the grow in g crops are progressing steadily. Wheat, red .58s to 62s 1 Oats.... 2Bs to 32 1 IN bite do Barley .32s to 35s 1 Peas ....—s to --- 1 Malt, 68s to 70s per qr.; rye, 39s per qr.; flour, 42s to 4-is per sack. CAMBRIDGE-AuG. 11. There •was a limited supply of wheat, and, with an im proved tone in the trade, white moved off at 54s to 565, red, 50s to 51s per 36 stone. There was a small trade ill barley to-day ; malting, 34s to 40s ; grinding, 30s to 3 4 $ per 30 stone. Oats at 24s to 28s for new; old oats, 28s to 295. Beans in limited supply, and a steady sale —new, 400 to 44s ; old, 43s to 45s per 38 stone; peas, 40s to —8 Pe r 36 stone. White cloverseed, 86s to 89s ; red, 46s to 508 per qr. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —The following are not the least re markable among the numerous extraordinary cures with out medicine effected by Du Barry's delicious Health Re' storing Revalenta Arabica Food. Cure No. 47,121.—M/se Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham-cross , Herts : a cure of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gather ings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure 48,314. Mil Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool; a cure of 1 0 years dyspepsia and all the horrors of nervous irritability . Cure 18,216. Dr. Andrew Ure, of constipation, dyspepsia , nervous irritability. Cure 34,210. Dr. Shorland, of drop*" and debility. Cure 36,212. Captain Allan of epileptic fits. Cure 46,814. Mr. Samuel Laxton, Leicester, of two years diarrhoea. Cure 54,812. Miss Vir ginia Zeguers, cured of consumption, after her medical adviser had abandoned all hopes of recoveri* Avoid Pills and Medici nes : th e y i nvar i a bl y aggrava te and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, disappointment , and expense may be avoided by using Du Barry's Fcod which, at a few pence per day, saves 50 times its cost in other remedies, removing effectually, without purging, b c il e io r u ti s fic a a n t s! l c i o v n e s r ti c r o a m ti p o l n a , m indigestion ts andall (d t y h s e p i rep consequences.m'anervous, No. 36,418. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew Ure, MD., injurious Lt imitations MD , F.R.S., Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer , Dr. Shorland, Dr. avoid the offeredthefe fearful dangers variety of n Nevills imitations are pro h ibited IT t." 17 i Ca o m e high Court of Chancery under a penalty o f £5,000 agaim s & Alfred Hooper Nevill and his agents ; an d th e pretence' g a e r rus false pretences. that Nevill has a patent for Arabica Food and that Du Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly false. No canister is genuine without the name Barry Du Bar l l and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, on the seal and wrapper. Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in one article must expect to be distrusted in all others. Packed in tins llb. 2s. 9d.; 21b. 4s. 6d. ; 51b. Hs. ; 121 b. 225. ; 241 b. 40s. The 121 b. and 241 b. canisters are sent carriage free on receipt of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, It" gent-street, London; Fortnum Mason, and Co.; Abbig, 60, Gracechurch-street ' • 4, Cheapside ; 63 and 150, 0% - ford-stre e t ; 330 and 451, Strand ;49 and 60, Bishopse ga_ t street ; Batty, 16, Finsbury Pavement ; Phillips and Cep tea-dealers; Petty, Wood, and Co., King William-street , City; at 127, High Holborn; and all grocers. THE MAILS. MAILS DUE. Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South ampton) Sept. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) Sept. 12. Bahamas and Havana (via New York) A u g, 30. Canada, &c. (via Liverpool) A ug . 15. Cape of Good Hope, &c. Sept. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton),, Aug. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) Aug. 12. Gibraltar (via Southampton) A u g. 18. India (Calcutta), Ceylon, & c . ( v i a S ou th amp t on ) Aug. 18. Do. ( v i a M arse ill es ) Aug. 12. India (Bombay), (via South am pt on ) .. • • Aug' 25. Do. (via Marseill es ) • • Aug. 19. Lisbon, Brazils, Buenos Ayres, &c. .. • • Sept. 5. Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) • • Aug. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) • . Aug. 12. Lisbon, Vigo, and Oporto .. • • • . Aug. 11. United States, California, &c. .. • • • . Aug. 16. Western Coast of Attica, Madeira, Teneriffe .. Overdue. West Indies and Pacific, C a rthagena, Cuba, &c. Aug. 13. BIRTIIS. CAESAR.—On the 12th inst., at Forest-hill, Kant, the wife of Julius CLirFoitn. C—Oanestahre: Es q., of a inst., :The Ness, Shaldon, De' von, the Lady Clifford, of a daughter. DENT.—On the 11th inst., at Ribston Hall, Yorkshire, the wife of J ohn Dent De n t , E sq., M.P., of a son. M ARRIAGES. CLARIC—CRADOCK.—On the 11th inst., at Regent's-square Church, St. Pancras, Thomas, son of the late J o h n Clark, Esq., of Aldborough, Yorkshire, to Henrietta, daughter of Charles Cradock, Esq., late of Patern os t er - row , Lou don. SoLomoN— LEWIS.—On the 13th inst., Lewis Solomon, Esq., of 10, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden, to Eliza beth Hart, o f 11 , Tav i stock-square, only child of the late N. Lewis, of The Lodge, Barnes, and St. James's-street. DEATHS. C OTTERILL.—On the 12th inst., Thomas Cotterill, of the Richmond-road, Islington, and of Camden-street, Birmingham, aged 31. DAtutY.—On the 7th inst., Richard Darby, Esq., of Coal brookdale, aged 72. FonTEscuE.—On the Bth inst., at Stratton,'Cornwall, John D. 1. Fortescue, Esq. OLDHAM..--On the 12th inst., at By-dorp House, Lieut.-Col. John Field Oldh am , age d 77 . UNDERWOOD.—On the 12th i ns t . , a t 56 , H aymar k e t, Mr. Underwood, aged 83. lianwell, LONDON : Printed and Published by 1‘16.1t1)0 YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun :Jffice, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the count"' of Igliddlesox, Tuesday, August 14, 1860. Colon; J ames 7 For fa PRO? TH To - be Meal A3l Just N Peif 15, A 1 . 1 Stru Earl of 1V roll litt wh Old A a