The Sun. — London, England, 1859-09-08 00:00:00

THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with NALLOWE'EN. With THE CONTESTED ELECTION. After which, OUT OF SIGHT OUT OF MIND. And ♦ DAUGHTER TO MARRY. Commence at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough THIS EVENING, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN EGGS. And TO PARENIS AND GUARDIANS. After which, TRYING IT ON. Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE' LADY OF LYONS. Commence at 7 o'clock. VERDI'S OPERA OF MACBETH. The whole of the first Act of this Opera, now produced for the first time in this country (the remaining three acts De ing in course of rehearsal), is sung nightly at the CAN TERBURY HALL CONCERTS. THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY, aonsisting of three Juvenile Violinists, viz., Jules, Juliette, and Julia Delepierre, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and MIGHT years. The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some of the most difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios ever written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn forth enthu siastic tributes of praise from the Public Journals of France and Belgium. They will perform TWICE EACH EVENING, in addi tion to the usual Entertainments. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 8. THEENOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 68—highest since noon yesterday. 67—lowest this morning and during the night. 70—this day at noon. BAnomErzn-30.5, rising. WIND, South-Westerly ; light, with fine weather, bul cloudy. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY. —Morning, 11h. 28m.—Afternoon, —h. To-Mointow-Morning, 12h. 4m.—Afternoon, 12h. 31m. The present crisis—and, when we speak of the crisis, every Englishman understands by it the Italian crisis—is one in which we for once place full ...... confidence in the wishes of our Ministers. The three leading men in the Cabinet are all pledged, by their antecedents, as well as by their sincere public language, to do their best for Italian liber ties.iThe most conservative, avowedly, of the three, Mr. GLADSTONE, was the man who aroused all Europe to the atrocities of the late King's admini- strabon at Naples, and to the wretched conviction and torture of POERIO and his companions, by his cele brated letter to Lord ABERDEEN. We have, there fore, three statesmen of the highest standing in Europe as well as in this country, three statesmen whose abilities are confessed by all parties at home and abroad, and all of them favourable, earnestly favourable, to Italian liberties. These statesmen, too, possess, and have a right to possess, the ear of the French Emperor. They were the most prompt of all the statesmen of Europe to accept, indeed to approve of the coup d'etat, and even to lecture the press of their own country for its indignant denun ciation of the deed. They have done not a little to secure for Louis NAPOLEON his present position in Europe, and they may still (the greatest motive to political gratitude), may still do him service. We may expect, therefore, that three such able men, with such claims on the victor of Solferino, must be able to exercise on him no ordinary in fluence. _ _ . But the Emperor of the FRENCH himself—what of him? Pledged to the restoration of the Dukes he cannot be ; Austria would soon have told us if the stipulations at Villafranca had secured their re placement on the thrones they had deserted. We may confidently assume, therefore, that that was not the case. Equally may we be sure of it, if the French EMPEROR'S intention was to secure a king dom of Central Italy for his cousin ; since, in that case, he could not have bound himself to defeat his own real object. It may be unjust to the EMPEROR, still the latter is the general supposition. One thing at least is certain—it could not be displeasing—it must be agreeable to the Emperor of the FRENCH, to see one of his family on an Italian throne, while it could not be supposed that the King of SAR DINIA would pertinaciously object to having the husband of his daughter for his neighbour Italian monarch. Some Italians, indeed, have talked of inviting the Piedmontese Princess to become Queen Regnant, giving her husband the position assigned to Prince ALBERT here. We may be pretty sure, however, that no Bonaparte will consent to be King Consort, or H.R.H. only. It is quite possible that the recollection of the last Emperor, and the appa rent congruity with Napoleonic ambition may be the only source of the prevalent opinion ; still we must deal with Louls NAPOLEON as having this chance on his cards. It is laid down that force shall not be employed to restore the dukes—they are ex cluded by the national votes. If Austria declines to sanction the annexation to Piedmont, then, what next ? We reply—whether by a congress, or by ordi nary diplomatic representatives, for this country to assert the rights of the Italian States. We may be quite sure that Austria will never allow that annexation to take place except under compulsion ; we do not mean the compulsion of another actual war, but of such an unanimity among all the other Powers as shall render it at least respectable to yield to them. Now what is the case of our states men, as counsel for Italy, with all the Powers of Europe? First, they have to plead with all of them the confessed legality of all that the Duchies have done. The Legations, to whom, for their good order and ability, praise is equally due, may be technically rebels ; for the POPE, thanks to a French garrison at Rome, has not this time run away. But if aver the grossest maladministration by a ruler contrasted with the most able administration by subjects of their own affairs could warrant the latter in voting the decheance of the former, the delegates at Bologna have acted as legally as those at Florence, Modena, and Parma. England can say to all —on the same ground on which you ac knowletlge our QUEEN and the Kings of SWEDEN and BEL(UUM, all heirs of revolution, on the same ground on which you acknowledge the Govern ment of Fra that ground acknowledge the right of the Duchies and the Legations to exclude hostile and hated rulers, and to select a Sovereign by their own free choice. It is inconceivable, as the clever ansver of the Sardinian monarch ob served to the Tuscan deputies, that the Powers of Europe should ,demur to rendering the same jus tice to Tuscany as they have done to so many other small States. No pretext of the " balance of power" is at stake, since if Sardinia embraced the whole of northern Italy she would even then be no match for her northern and western neighbours. Bit the soundest reasons, we too well know,.are Political not tl to most weighty ones in diplomacy - . inter& •t is the great power. Austria, of course, has the int erect of pride in replacing her Viceroys ill Centraz 1 . Italy ; of hope, since the reversion by legi timacy of the States is hers ; of military advantage, since they would be an extension of the quadrangle. But Lours NAT- 3LEON, we must not say France, has two conflicting interests ; to place a rela tive or ► tbsifr throne, or to stand forth in history as wing ; dome, by his victories, if not all he talked -of, ys t something substantial for the liberation of Italy. It could but be agreeable to him, if the Duchies voluntarily relieved him of a troublesome relative, whom he would rather send to the other side of the Alps ; but, if they cannot be got to do this, except by so much underhand work, or so much constraint as to render the Duchies reluctant subjects, and to taint the honour of " the Liberator of Italy" with selfishness for all time to come, it will be the real interest of Louis NAPOLEON to sacrifice his hopes for his Cousin, and to keep his glory. It is for England's friendly statesmen to say to the EMPEROR—" Snatch not at a present family advantage, at the sure sacrifice of your pre sent and historical name." To be the creator of a substantial free power in Italy is enough for the reputation of one man. Louis NAPOLEON, if he is wise, will not sigh over the disappointment of his cousin. In truth, over and above the desirableness of forming a stronger kingdom in Northern Italy, the said cousin is an article not in demand. If France and England, then, should, for the best reasons, combine to ratify the acts of the Duchies, they might defy Austria and all Europe to touch them at their peril. But there would be no need of this. Prussia could hardly separate herself from England on this question. Her love for Austria or the Pope would not lead her to do it ; and Central Italy, at least, is no outwork for the defence of Germany. Russia, too, both hates Austria and is on the best of :terms with France, on better terms even than with us ; but in Sardinia she has found an accom modating friend, and desires to retain that friend ship to strengthen her interests in the Mediter ranean. While Russia cherishes, and that will be for long, her present views in regard to that sea, it will be for her direct interest that Sardinia should be strong. Austria, therefore, may well dread a Congress. It must outvote her if England can but secure the adoption of her views by France. With our statesmen's cordial interest in Italian freedom, and their natural influence with the Ruler - of France, we do not see why we should fail to enlitt him on the side of his own glory, even if it does in volve a renunciation of his family interests. Louis NAPOLEON is not the man to despise either the praises of England now, or the praise of history and posterity. A blue-book of about a hundred pages appeared on Saturday last, giving us, so to speak, the guage of the strength, the wealth, the vitality, the energy, the daring enterprize, and the indomitable perse verance of the great Anglo-Saxon race. Rather, perhaps, we should say, of the nucleus from which that now vast and scattered aggregate has radiated. The document we refer to is more even than this-- it affords the world a notion of the price paid down by England for her liberties, of the actual money value of her Constitution. An epitome of the con tents of this remarkable blue-book we published in our columns on Monday evening. And those who read that synopsis of the State papers comprised within the comparatively narrow limits of a single volume will remember that it was a volume resulting from the motion made in the House of Commons as far back as the 11th of May, 1857, by the now Earl of RIPON, then Viscount GODERICH, " for certain returns of the whole amount of the national debt of Great Britain and Ireland (including any foreign loans which have been considered as forming part of the national debt of Great Britain), funded and unfunded ; also of all annuities for terms of years, and also of the charge for management of the national debt from the year 1691, to the sth of January, 1857." After immense labour in their accumulation, and extraordinary care in their arrangement, these returns have at length, as we know, made their appearance. And this publication, as but just remarked, took place as recently as last Saturday. The revelations here made in divers ways, it must certainly be added, are in some respects truly astounding. Within very little more than a century and a half the funded debt of this country has increased and expanded to its present preternatural dimensions. In 1691 it is like looking back into the Arcadia of SIDNEY, into the Utopia of MORE, into the Flying Island of GULLIVER—as recently as that year of grace and of national non-indebtedness, there was no funded debt at all either in Great Britain or in Ireland. Happy age—so far—fortunate grandsires ! But at that period, in that year of grace, 1691, there was a modest little unfunded debt, amounting to no more than £3,130,000, the merest bagatelle ! What was,! in fact, the other day, but the extent of the deficiency of one single financial year —a deficiency readily made good by an odd two pence or so superadded to the income-tax inflicted upon us, like the thumb-screw on the scavenger's daughter, by that modern torturer the Chancellor of the Exchequer ! Well, then, in 1691 there was no funded debt at all, and there was an un funded debt amounting merely to the "ridiculously small amount," as MONTAGUE TIGG would say, of £3,130,000. That little aggregate of £3,130,000 represented in effect the residue of the loans raised by the Sovereign in anticipation ofduties receivable by the Crown. The residue of such loans we say— for of course other loans had " many a time and oft" been raised by the King or the Queen Regnant in these realms, which loans had been duly reim bursed to the capitalists by whom they had been advanced. Among these capitalists appearing Such men of mark, for example, as GEORDIE HERTOt, familiar to the readers of the historic romance of the " Fortunes of Nigel," or as that far mote renowned Merchant Prince glorified generation after generation in the dear old nursery song— dusty urchin listening to the sound of Bow bells from that milestone on Highgate-hill—London 'Prentice, owner first of all of one cat, and after- wards of we don't know how many "ponies"—and then eventually " thrice Lord Mayor of London" — good, honoured, beloved, munificent, and magnifi cent Sir RICUARD WHITTINGTON. There actually, for example, among the State papers comprised in the official blue-book published as recently as last Saturday, there may be found duly notified among the sums borrowed by the Sovereigns of England, how, on the 22d of November, 1420, otherwise in the seventh year of the reign of King HENRY V. came this matter-of fact memorandum :—" To RICHARD WHITTING TON, citizen and alderman of London, in money paid to him by the hands of RICHARD KNYGHTLEY, in discharge of 2,000 marks which he lent to our Lord the King at the receipt of his Exchequer on the 12th of June in the sth year, as appears by the roll of receipts, &c., £333 6s. Bd." A very cheering and a strictly legal payment it sounds altogether—with those " three times three," flowed by that six and eightpence ! We feel grateful to the official volume, however, for the revival of the record—it is like opening a blue-book at a page marked with a flower-leaf from fairyland ! This mention of actual money dealings between SHAKSPERE'fi HARRY the FIFTH and that hero every English man ' s c hil dhood, D ICK INr iTTI of NGTON ! If but for this single ‘, item" alone the blue-book under consideration would be heartily welcome. But it is welcome to us for far more a delightful peculiarly, ballad.pleasa pleasant It c comment m w e e n l t c m u e p o t nu us t n h u a r n s e r y a _ because it enables us to feel the pulse of the nation, * 'Ol ' ~,', : ;:,..., sallK 444 et..;l 'lr_4):, l5 i .. ~.. •.. 2.14,1.:0,, " I E Ns +'l 4,-/ AP, I ~, _ 't.' % 1 / 4 'lt : 4 % ' ''''' \ °lk 4 I, ' , 1 4,. a 1„•,.. , nyt , Tlems7/ 00). I) -• • .., „...0 . •• TIP'S:, •,,,,, .'''' ' Rorr • . , r - "'lln,.‘ THE SUN. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1859. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1859 to count the full, steady, healthful throbbings of the great heart of England, as through a statistical stethescope. Put your ear to it now, and listen for a moment to a few of these grand pulsations ! Take some of the latest, for example—telling us the veritable position of the National Debt in 118b8•1859: LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams bave been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, SEPT. 8. The Moniteur of this morning publishes the fol- lowing statement : In Algeria, in 1859, 48,787 hectares of land, brought into cultivation, produced 569,100 hecto litres of corn ; in 1858, 50,458 hectares produced 457,195 hectolitres ; consequently, the harvests have been satisfactory. BOLOGNA, SEPT. 8. At the sitting to-day of the National Assembly the proposal made yesterday to the house, for the annexation of the Legations to Piedmont, was unanimously voted. The Assembly also authorises the President of the National Assembly to present an address to the Emperor Napoleon and to King Victor Emmanuel, expressing their sympathies for Venetia, and the Assembly further offered to make pecuniary sacrifices in her favour. Another sitting of the house is to be held. Count Reises has taken his departure. MARSEILLES, SEPT. 7. Advices have been received from Constantinople o the ith inst. Disturbances have taken place in Candia, caused by the collection of certain taxes from the Greek inhabitants. Five tax-gatherers had been mur dered, and two battalions of soldiers have been sent to arrest the chief leaders in this affray. A Circassian deputation had arrived at Constan tinople, and presented to the ambassadors of the several Powers a declaration protesting against the invasion of their country by Russia, and stating that the whole of their provinces would be forced to submission if abandoned by the Porte. PARIS, SEPT. 7, 12.5 P.M. Rentes commenced at a further fractional im provement, which, however, was not maintained. The present price is 69f. 35c. 3.15 P.M.—The Bourse closes very flat. The final quotation of Rentes is 69f., or a decline of 7., since yesterday. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY. The Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France, Eng land, Prussia, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey met yesterday at the Foreign-office, in order finally to settle the matter of the double election of the Hos podar Couza. After the usual preliminaries the Ottoman Ambassador informed the Conference that he had communicated to his Government the reso lution proposed by the plenipotentiaries as embo died in the protocol of the 13th of April ; and that he was instructed by his Government to state in reply, that the Sublime Porte, out of a desire to show its regard and friendly feeling towards the five guaran teeing Powers; accepted the recommendation con tained in. the protocol, and is willing to grant, but exceptionally and for this time only, investiture to Colonel Couza as Hospodar of the provinces of Mol davia and Wallachia. The Porte, however, informs the representatives of the Powers that in all future cases the election and investiture of the Hospodars are to to conducted in strict conformity with the principles enunciated in the convention of the 19th August. Combining its desire to yield to the wishes of the Powers with the necessity of maintain ing the principle of separation as set forth in that in strument, the Sublime Porte will grant two firmans —one conferring investiture for Wallachia, the other for Moldavia. When these firmans are granted the new Hospodar shall proceed to Constantinople as his predecessors have hitherto done, and comply with the same formalities as have been hitherto invariably practised, with no more delay than the reasonable time allowed for the first cares of his new position. The Prince thus exceptionally elected to the Hos podariat of Wallachia and Moldavia will maintain the administration of the two Principalities per fectly distinct and separate, excepting only in the cases provided for by the Convention. In case of any infraction of the Convention of the 19th of August taking place in the Principalities, the Sublime Porte, after having first called upon the Hospodar to furnish all necessary information on that head, will communicate the facts to the representatives of the five Powers resi dent at Constantinople, and on satisfactory proof of the infraction being given, a Commissioner ad hoc shall be sent by the Porte to the Principalities, in order that due reparation shall be made, and coercion, if necessary, used for that purpose. The said Commissioner will be accompanied by a dele gate named by the representatives of the five Powers, and in case of resistance in the Principa lities the Sublime Porte will then employ the means it may think necessary to enforce the Convention. 'l'o the foregoing resolutions, accepted by the Plenipotentiaries, the new Austrian Envoy signified his adherence. The Russian Plenipotentiary then introduced the subject of the convent property in the Principali ties. It will be remembered that at the last meet ing of the Conference a year was allowed for the settlement of that affair. The double elections and other pressing affairs prevented the settlement tak ing place ; and it was yesterday proposed that another year should be allowed to commence one month after the investiture of the new Hospodar, Prince Couza. The proposition was agreed to. The Russian Minister asked permission to remind the Plenipotentiaries of the promise made by the Ottoman and Austrian Plenipotentiaries at the meeting of the 18th August, 1858, to transmit to the Governments of France, England, Prussia, and Sardinia the plan for regulating the navigation of the Danube as drawn up by the Riverain Powers, and he expressed a hope that they would soon be made acquainted with the decision to which the Governments had come. The English and French Plenipotentiaries joined in the same wish as ex pressed by the Russian Minister. For this, how ever, the Austrian Plenipotentiary was not pre pared.iair cme questionolutr oz e ae n a a i t n d e ordi t i h ant a s th t ohe l s nis iyn po , doublesot\etry other, (c rs were a . electionrt i3Ohnes mdi u l d i so m tnf i ott t hth e cedr autho rizeeiofinoo l rs y e p o od t decline doing any more than communicating to his Government the observations just made. The Otto man Plenipotentiary signified that he should do the s ame. Thus the matter ended. I ißoußsE,ESept. 7,—The market has shown a downward tendency, Threes, which were at first done at 69f. 40c. to 69f. 45c., receded to 69f. 10c., and all other securities were affected. Mobilier varied from 830 f. to 817 f. 50c.; Austrian, 5571. 50c. to 553 f. 75c.; Lombard, 5601. to 5551. 25c. ; Orleans, 1,376 f. 25c. to 1,3721. 50c.; Lyons, 873 f. 75c. to 8711. 25c. The following were the last quotations : 0> per Cents. 95 50 Do. end month 3 per Cents. 69 10 Do. end month 69 10 Bunk Shan: 2780 Credit. Mobilier Do. Account 817 50 Credit Fonder 670 Belgian 411- . Piedmonteso (5) Roman B6 25 Austrian Spanish Threes IHome Debt 43 87 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. 1370 923 75 Orleans Northern . 920 _ New ditto - Lyons and Mediterranean 872 50 .. 872 .50 (.144:teva Southern - . . . Western 5 7 ,5 .. Eastern Sardinian 420 .. 415 Austrian Lombard .. _ _ . 530 - •• 010 - - - - Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 12c. ; money, 2a 71c. ; three months, paper, 241. Wile.; money, 211. 95c. SARDINIA. A Paris letter, in the Nord, says :—" I believe I can affirm that the reply of the King of Piedmont to the deputation from Florence was communicated in advance to the Emperor of the French. The sense, if not the text of the reply, was therefore concerted between the two sovereigns. This cir cumstance gives to the King's declaration more serious interest and greater importance. I may remark that the fact of the Emperor of the French and the King of Sardinia having come to an under standing on the reply is confirmed by an incident which has not yet been noticed by the journals, viz., the coincidence of the delay in the departure of the Tuscan deputation and of the visit of Count Arese to St. Sauveur. This delay was evidently caused by the desire to leave the count time to return or to send back an account of his interview with the Em- peror." Another Paris letter in the same journal, says : "If Austria desires to avoid serious embarrass ments, and perhaps at a very early period too, she would accept the proposition which has been men tioned in the Italian and German journals, namely, instead of maintaining in Venetia a domination which will always be detested and menaced, she should consent to give up that province for a mil liard of francs, guaranteed as a national debt by all Italy. Austria will certainly disburse as large a sum in trying to retain what remains of her pos sessions in Italy, and she will not succeed ; and that sum would suffice to restore her finances, and to facilitate to her the means of improving her manu factures and commerce." FUNDED DEBT. Bank of England, at 3 per cent Bank of Ireland, at 31 per cent. 5 per Cent. Annuities 4 3 99 604 - New 31 per Cent. Annuities (1853) 240,746 New al per Cent. Annuities - New 3 per Cent. Annuities 246,645,115 New 3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 115,227,112 3 per Cent. Consolidated Annuities 407,202,855 21 per Cent. Annuities (1853) 2,988,552 Exchequer Bonds (1853) 418,300 Total £786.801,154 UNFUNDED DEBT. Exchequer Bills (Supply) Exchequer Bonds (1854 and 1855) £13,277,400 5,000,000 18,277,400 Grand total of funded and unfunded debt £805,078,554 And now—leaving the stethescope—feel for an in stant the steady throbbing pulse close to that large, strong, warm, open hand of England ! It tells us how runs the annual charge of £28,181,261 upon that stupendous aggregate of £805,000,000. Listen— Interest of Unredeemed Capital.. Interest of Exchequer Bonds (1853) 11,503 Sinking Fund, 21 per Cent. Annuities Long Annuities expiring 1860 Annuities for 30 years to 1855 Late Annuities 6,907 1,293,067 116,000 1,050,945 Annuities for terms of years Bank Annuity Exchequer Annuities Interest of Exchequer Bills (Supply) Interest of Exchequer Bonds (1854 and 1855) 135,000 Interest of Deficiency Bills 156 Interest of Ways and Means Bills Management of Funded Debt 90,020 Total As good honest CAPERN, the Bideford Lyrist and Postman, sang in his homely fashion t'other day, " There's life in the old lass yet." Rather as we should say—There is life yet, life at its full vigour and glory in this Giant among the Nations, that " Bestrides the Earth like a CoLossus !" DEPARTURE OF THE GREAT EASTERN. PURFLEET, THURSDAY, 10 A.M. The Great Eastern got her steam up at an early hour this morning, and weighed anchor at a quarter after eight o'clock,. having held her ground during the night without the slightest change of position. To protect her, if it had been necessaay, from touching the northern shore ledge while swinging with the tide, the four attendant steamtugs re mained by the ship during the night, but the. spot selected by the pilots for her anchorage had been so well chosen that their aid was not required. The paddles made their first revolution at 20 minutes to 9 o'clock, but it was nearly 10 minutes later before the ship steamed ahead slowly and majestically down the river in the direction of the Rising Sun Point, opposite to Greenhithe, where great care in the navigation of the ship was re quired. This point was successfully rounded at 9.15 a .m. The Broadness Point, opposite to Grays, was safely passed at 9.40. a.m. At this moment (10 o'clock) the ship is approach ing the Hope Point, opposite to Northfleet, after making which she will steam direct by Gravesend. At Purfleet this morning the shore was thronged with spectators. The first train from London brought down a great many persons, and the resources of Windgrove's Royal Hotel, opposite to which the ship lay, were sorely taxed to provide creature comforts for so unusual an importation of strangers. REUTER'S TELEGRAM. The Great Eastern passed Tilbury at 10 9 a.m., and Southend at 11 40 a.m. Among the many vessels that accompanied the Great Eastern down the river, yesterday, was the splendid new steamer, Modern Greece, belonging to the Greek and Oriental Steam Navigation Com pany, dressed in all her colours, having on board W. B. Neal,Esq., her Majesty's Consul at the Piraeus, and a large number of the principal merchants and shippers to the Mediterranean. On the Great Eastern being safely moored at Purfleet the band on board struck up " See the Conquering Hero," and amid the vociferous cheers of the vast assembly on board both steamers, a mutual exchange of compliments, by the dipping of the ensigns, took place, and at a very magnificent luncheon, supplied by Verrey of Regent-street, toasts commemorative of the occa sion were given. The health of the energetic manager, Mr. Xenos, was proposed by Mr. Zizinia and drunk with great enthusiasm ; very appro priate speeches were also made by Messrs. Car negie, Burns, and other gentlemen present. PAY OF SUBALTERN OFFICERS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Silt,--The subject of increasing the pay of sub altern officers of the army is at present engrossing a considerable share of public attention, and several able letters have appeared in the different periodicals on the subject; but I venture to remark that, in the present state of finance, it is not likely that anything will be done ; therefore the next best thing to do is to endeavour to curtail unnecessary expenditure as much as possible. This may in some measure be achieved, either by doing away with messes altogether in the line, or else by exempting all officers under the rank of captain from being dining members. But there is still another way to meet the difficulty ; that is by having each mess-room in the style of a club coffee room, and letting there be breakfast from 8 till 12, lunch from 1 till 4, and dinner from 4 till 8. By this means an officer could have his meals at any hour that suited his time or purse. This plan might be modified by having a com pulsory dinner once or twice a-week, when it would he incumbent on every officer to dine at mess. By the adoption of this plan much money would be saved to individuals, and no one would suffer thereby. In cavalry regiments it is not customary for officers promoted from the ranks to be dining members of their mess. By that means they are enabled to live comfortably, keep two horses, and dress like gentlemen, and above all—avoid debt ! Why cannot this system be adopted in the Line ? All military bands should be maintained at the expense of Government.—l remain your obedient servant, A CAVALRY OFFICER. Her Highness the Princess Helene Kotschoubey, accompanied by hP.r son, Prince Belosselsky, and her daughters, has returned to Grillion's Clarendon Hotel from the Isle of Wight. _ . Sir Pyers - and Lady Mostyn have left the St. George's Hotel. THE INCOME TAX.—A series of tables relating to the property and income tax was moved for by Mr. Moffat. The total amount of all the incomes charged with income tax under schedule D, which relates to trade ' in Great Bri tain alone, for the year ending the sth of April, 1858, was £80,214,119, on which the total amount of the tax pas £2,260,334, paid by 267,014 persons. The incomes between £lOO and £l5O a year formed no less a sum than £12,343,795, on which 124,717 persons paid £291,637. The sum next in magnitude was formed by the incomes between £lO,OOO and 150,000 a year, which together amounted to £9,277,603, and the numben, of persons whose aggregate incomes amounted to this sum was 495, paying £270,597. Only 51 persons returned their business incomes at £50,000 a year and upwards, while the gross amount was £5,036,428, so that that the average income in this class Must be about £98,000 a year. The incomes between £9OO and £l,OOO were leas in the aggregate than any others. They amounted together to £786,888, the number of persons being 845, pay ing £22,952. In schedule E, which relates to incomes from public offices and pensions, the number of persons was 91,780, their gross incomes amounted to. £17,129,967, and their taxation to £474,684. Under schedule A, which re lates to land, buildings, and railway property, the total tax paid was £3,329,836. Under B, which comprises farming profits, the amount was £417,5 31 . Under C, which in cludes annuities and stocks, it was £819,088. The total from all classes was £7,306,089. BOLOGNA. A correspondent of the Siecle, writing from Bologna under date of 2d, says : " The Constituent Assembly of Romagna was installed yesterday with great solemnity. I need hardly tell you that Bologna had an appearance of unusual animation. All the streets were decked out with flags of the Italian tricolour. As early as ten o'clock in the morning an immense crowd was pressing towards the Piazza Maggiore (the forum of Bologna during the Middle Ages), bordered on one side by the Government Palace, and on the other by the Podestat's Palace. The crowd there awaited in silence the arrival of the deputies assembled at the Legate's Palace, whence they were to repair in procession to the great church of San Petronio. The National Guard and the troops of the line were drawn up along the road. As soon as the procession left the court of the palace, headed by the Governor-General, M. Ciprinni, it was saluted by universal vivats, which were continued, during the whole passage. Our French cheers are but tame things as compared with those raised by the Italians. What lungs ! What expression of voice and gesture ! What animation ! What enthusiasm! The Governor- General had written to the Cardinal Arch bishop of Bologna, requesting him to officiate in the religious ceremony, but his Eminence did not even deign a reply, and at once started for the country in all haste. As the Arch bishop was not there, mass was said by one of the canons. At noon, the deputies left the church, and returned in the same order to the Govern ment Palace, where they found carriages sent by the aristocracy to convey them to the place appointed for their sittings. The chair was at once taken by the senior deputy, the Advocate Zannoli, and the names of the deputies were then called over. Among the 124 members composing the Assembly, there are two princes, seven marquises, thirty counts, three chevaliers, tweny-seven physi cians, seventeen advocates, twelve professors, three military men, the rest being either merchants or persons of independent property. You perceive that the aristocracy forms about one half the Assembly, which we had been told was to be composed of all the revolutionists in Romagna. The first sitting was devoted almost exclusively to hearing a document read by the Minister of the Interior, M. Montanari. Before he began, however, the Governor-General briefly explained what he had done as the first functionary of the country, and then resigned his authority into the hands of the Assembly. The do cument read by M. Montanari is a statement, spi rited and straightforward, but at the same time Most respectful in form, of the grievances of the inhabitants of Romagna against the Papal Govern ment. It occupied an hour and a quarter in the reading. The administration which replaced the clerical Government has rendered the task of the Assembly an easy one. It required no less than two months and a half to sweep away the old sys tem and reorganise everything afresh—the army, the national guard. the tribunals of finances, and all the administrative services. Romagna now has her soldiers, her nationsl guard, which may be mo balised ; she has also the civil code—a glorious ac quisition. The state of the finances, in spite of all the unforeseen expenses which they have had to met, is excellent. The budget for the months of AugUst, September, o;tober, November, and December estimates the receipts at 8,148,697 E, and the ex penditure at 8,393,447 f„ with a surplus of 355,250 fr. This result has been obtained without any new taxes or forced loan ; and, in fact, the salt-tax has been reduced as pressing unduly upon the poorer classes, and the entrance dues on provi sions are also lowered. The net revenue has been increased by diminishing the expense of collecting it. Last evening the whole city was illuninated, and the front of every palace was ornamented with tricoloured flames. This day the Assembly elected the Commander Minghetti to be its Presdent by 110 votes out of 117. After which Count Bentivog lio, the Marquis Vereno, Count Malvezzi, and some other members presented a proposition declaring that the populations of Romagna would no longer consent to remain under the temporal Government of the Pope. The Assembly decided unanimously that the motion should be taken into considera tion." It will be perceived by our telegraphic despatches that the proposition in question as been adopted. SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the 3d have arrived. The British Minister had had an audience of the Queen to present an autograph letter from the Queen of England. According to the.Espana, the English Government has presented a note, drawn up in very friendly terms, requesting explanations as to the object of the concentration of troops at Alge ciras, which is in the immediate vicinity of Gib raltar.' " The note," says the journal, " cannot be regarded as opposed to the African expedition." It is stated that the Emperor of Morocco, who was in danger of death, has, notwithstanding his great age, which is 86, recovered. The Iberia and Dis citsion'had been seized. The provincial deputation of the province of Biscay is, says one of the jour. nals, making preparations at San Sebastien for an expected visit from the Empress of the French. The Government had prohibited the Democratic party from getting up a public subscription, as it desired, for the family of the late Sixto Camara. The Cologne Gazette states that it was currently reported on the Bourse at Vienna, on the 4th, that Austria had consented to a Congress, and expressed her'readiness to send plenipotentiaries to it. The Vienna Gazette contradicts some disquieting ruwours which had become current relative to the progress of the conference of Zurich. The official journal thinks that those meetings will lead to a satisfactory result. As to the presence of the French troops who remain in Italy, it considers that circumstance as favourable to the interests of order. A Berlin letter, in the Hamburg .News, says : "It is asserted that, in the answer to the Stettin address, the Prussian Government will chiefly insist on three points : 1. The increase of the defensive force of the Confederation by means of a more united direction ; 2 Greater unity in the diplomatic re presentation abroad; and 3. A stricter adherence to the constitutional regime in the different German States." " Several German journals," says the Post Ampt 6a:ette, "pretend that Russia is demobilising her army. "2 he truth is, that about 1,500 horses belong ing to the artillery and waggon train have been sold by auction, because they are unfit for the service, not having been selected with due care when pur chased ; but the army has not been reduced, since it had not been unduly augmented." Late accounts from Constantinople state that an Imperial decree has just fixed the annual salary of the Archbishop of Constantinople at 600,000 piastres. The agitation in the Isle of Crete still continues but has not become more serious. Among the documents published at Modena to show the system of government followed by the ex-Duke, we find the following : " To the Supreme Department of Police (Buon Gorerno).—Having seen the list of prisoners now under custody in consequence of criminal sentences, their number being 254 on the Ist of April, we de cree that all shall be transferred to the new prison at La Saliceta as soon as convenient. Having, more over, ascertained that, in consequence of the ex treme mildness of the tribunals, about one-third of these prisoners will have finished their time by the end of this year. we decree, in virtue of our Sove reign authority, that these individuals shall not be restored to society until they have given proofs of good conduct in the said prison, and learnt a trade there. " FRANCIS. " Reggio, May 22d, 1853." STANFORD'S MAP OF AUSTRALASIA. This magnificent map of the world's fifth conti nent is the second of the uniform series of Library Maps issued from the press by Mr. Stanford, of Charing-cress. The series recently commenced by that superb library map of Europe, which we are glad to know, but which we are not at all sur prised to know, has elicited from the publisher's royal, noble, and other eminent subscribers expres sions of the most unqualified approbation. Subse quently there will appear, in continuation of the same admirable design, "entirely new representa tions" of Asia, of Africa, of North America, and of South America. According to the descriptive title of the enterprise, we observe that the project is re stricted to the delineation of the great terrestrial divisions of the globe. But earnestly do we hope that upon the completion of the last of those six great maps—the original design may be somewhat extended. Extended we mean so far as to admit of a series of hydrographic supplements —giving us, let us say, the Baltic, the Caspian, the Euxine, and the Mediterranean. Perfected even beyond that by appendices, pourtraying the chief of the great archipelagoes—at any rat the Spice Islands constituting that grand aromatic eastern group, illustrated so resplendently by the memo rable careers of Sir James Brooke, and Sir Stamford Raffles—and that profusion of clustering islands, large and small, sprinkled far and wide over the southern waters of the Pacific. Mr. Stanford may observe from this how keenly he has al ready contrived to whet our appetite for novelty in the way of these superb and comprehen sive library maps, henceforth to be the glory and the solace of many eager students in the enthralling science of geography. With the map of Europe, already here referred to as not long since inagura tive of the series, the public is by this time toler ably well familiarised. The newly published library map of Australia has only within the last few hours unfolded its alluring array of facts to our curiosity and, we may add at once, to our deep and earnest admiration. In introducing this new map of Australia to the English public, Mr. Stanford, while not unreasonably,claiming particular credit for his own novel and hitherto in many respects unexampled publication—frankly, and manfully, and honourably pays a tribute of well-deserved applause to the labours previously adventured upon so very successfully by the hon. gentleman, the member for Bodmin. This tribute to Mr. Wyld being altogether unmistakeably recognisable in the mention made here (in the printed prospec tus accompanying the map) of the manner in which " the Australian colonies have long been admira bly delineated by a very eminent metropolitan geo grapher." Having made which courteous and courtly salute to his distinguished contemporary, en passant, Mr. Stanford can add, with a certain air of not ungraceful pretension, " Yet it is believed that, as a general map, ' Stanford's New Library Map of Australasia' may justly claim preference." As a general map—considered strictly in that light—the noble work of geographic skill before us might secure our ready agreement to the justice of this high claim but that we remember that, as Mrs. Malaprop judiciously expresses it, " comparisons are odorous." Besides, in truth, here comparisons are altogether unnecessary. The Library Map of Australasia, but just now issued from Mr. Stan ford's establishment, demands our hearty greeting of approval entirely on its own account, and irre spective of the merits or demerits of any predecessor whatsoever. The authenticity, the perfect relia- bility of every atom of information contained within the compass of its ample dimensions, it will be seen, may be at once acknowledged unreservedly — remembering that this huge map (as it was with its predecessors, as it will be with its successors), has been "constructed" by one of the .most skilled and accomplished geographers now living, one whose nave, we may rest assured, will survive to after times as the Editor of the Physical Atlas, Alex. Keith Johnston. The extraordinary labours of Mr. Keith Johnston in the construction and compilation, and revising and arrangement of the Physical Atlas, have been rewarded not simply by the praise—that is a poor word for it—by the absolute eulogium of such profound and authoritative judges upon such matters as Humboldt, as Brougham, as Roderick Murchison, and as Mary Somerville. His renewed labours of a different, though of course to a certain extent of a somewhat analogous kind, in the con struction of these splendid library maps of Mr. Stanford, will tend undoubtedly to confirm, if they can hardly contrive to enhance, the Scotch geo grapher's now literally world - wide reputa tion. As to the engraving of the map, that has been accomplished in the finest style— upon copper-places. As to the size of the map —it is 65 by 58 inches. As to the scale of it—it is six miles to the inch ! As to the manner of its publication, it is purchaseable at varying prices in four different ways—on Spring Roller ; on Roller Varnished ; and again, Full Coloured and Mounted to. fold in cases either of Cloth or of Morocco. , Specified upon the prospectus among its distinguishing features are "the insertion of seve ral new and important surveys and discoveries never before published together—the introduction of new administrative boundaries—the boldness and perspicacity, as well as the precision, of the delineation and names—the distinctive colouring," and beyond all this, the "comprehensive scope" of the entire production. All the various surveyors of the coast, north, south, east, and west, from Ad miral Hunter and Captain Kent, R.N., downwards, have been studiously consulted. The same may be be remarked of the different adventurous travellers who have from time to time penetrated further and further inland; Appended to the record in the prospectus of what has really been accomplished in this way, we find the following most sugges tive observations. It is remarked—" The advance of the Australian shepherds and herdsmen to within 300 miles of the North Coast, renders highly pro bable the early establishment on the great inlet of that coast, of stores and wharves for importing the tea, sugar, tobacco, &c., for their consumption ; and exporting the wool, hides, tallow, horses, &c., which they produce. Such ports must become emporia for the trade in British goods with the Eastern part of the Archipelago, like Singapore has become for the Western part. At present the Dutch vir tually exclude other European nations from settling in these seas, but the map will render it obvious that the introduction of stock, and the establishinent of ports in North Australia, will effectually break up that monopoly and add greatly to the trade of the colony. As a step towards the fulfilment of this anticipation, it may be noted that it is already more than proposed to connect Australiawiwreithalotnhge Overland Electric Telegraph, by the Asiatic Archipelago to the tNoartrhdaAtuhsetrmalioarne. Coast." And as a giant step ow perfect appreciation by the " gentlemen of England who live at home at ease" —of the magnitude, the diversity, the value, and the grandeur of our vast antipodeal possessions, we may add, it will be enough to particularise this truly admirable publi cation. Folding it up again in its morocco case, after a survey of its immense store of facts, our predominent thought is—Floreat Australasia ! Mons. Alexr. Kolernine, Conseiller d'Etat, in the service of the Emperor of Russia, hss arrived at Grillion's Clarendon Hotel from Moscow. LITERATURE. Little Tour in Ireland. By an Oxonian, wit" illustrations by John Leech. Bradbury and Evans. This is a very pleasant volume, recording the impressions of a brief tour in the Emerald Isle. It is written with frankness and spirit, and is full of incident and anecdote. Though replete with liv liness and humour, it has no pretensions to being a. comic work, and the author w rites seriously and s ens ibly e nough on the troubles and difficulties of Ireland and the " Great Famine." The illustrations from the pencil of John Leech, are thoroughly cha racteristie, and we commend all who wish for in telligence respecting the Sister Kingdom information and entertainment in these lively and graphic pages. _1 to seek Martin F. Tupper has collected all his songs au; letters on the subject of our national defences, an d published them under the title of " Some Verse and Prose about National Rifle Clubs." There is much truth and sense in many of his observations! though there is a little too much of the fear of France in them. The great increase of painful affection s 01 LW nerves of late years among us will render a en "OW' work by H. Crowhurst Roods, M .D., very g: ally acceptable. It is on the nature and treatment of Sciatica, and the inflammatory disease of ne rvous structures in general. The system pursued andD he r . Roods seems to have been very successful, appears to have carefully studied t ho pathology °1 his subject. The National Life-boat Institution has recently published a very useful pamphlet of " Instructions for the Management of Open Boats in Heavy Snr fs and Broken Water ;" to which are appended "111; structions for the Rescue and Restoration .0' Drowning Persons." It deserves to be widely or . ; culated, as it contains much useful information, an may be the means of saving many lives. " Lilwall's Mercantile Circular" is intended for the use of wholesale houses, merchants, shippers, &c. It contains all news relative to trade, raarke.r.'„ It for manufactures, money market, &c. probably be a useful business circular. The indefatigable Mr. Cassel has added to the numerous list of his cheap publications by the issuet of a " Popular Natural History." It has a grea number of woodcuts, and is well adapted fb t. popular reading. A new style of serial has been lately cornmelic.edi as a means of communication between inercanti.e. houses. " The Draper and the Clothier" is intendl for this purpose, and purposes to be a " perrea nell o record of news, advertisements, and .inforaatio.a_e for all classes of manufacturers and dealers in Wail fabrics. It is published by Houlston and Wright' " The Universal Decorator" is a very eleg a i ll lfl a tasteful publication, likely to extend and cuL - s the public taste in art. The coloured illustracetatio.uei of the various styles of decoration are very g r and much of the contents is by able writ ers. - - A weekly journal has lately commenced Wide: the title of Independenza ltaliana, which is ° i l l - what of a literary curiosity. It is publishea W. Jepps, foreign bookseller, in the Burlin,t°,, Arcade, and is in three languages, Italian, Frerit_ and English. It upholds the cause of Italian inau(i pendence, and seems to be written with sense a l spirit. The Italians who conduct it give their ser vices gratuitously. A pamphlet has lately been published by3.les.'o, Houlston and Wright, on congregational ice.singll3° A . s most . church -goers will admit that some c provement is necessary, it is likely to be verY.,ti e ceptable to those who wish to see our church 1 11 " - 0 , better conducted. It insists strongly on the n ece ef sity of all singers singing the same words togeth a . fact whose importance is generally comple,ite.4 dlsregarded. The pamphlet is so che a p , an tie. directions so clear and practical, that all who rest themselves in congregational singing sh °uld purchase it. THIS DAYS MARKETS CORN EXCHANGE. IMPERIAL WEEKLY AVERAGES. Wheat, 44s 0 d 3; barley, 34s 8d ; oats, 24 s 5d ; rye, 308 lld ; beaus, 4 • 5d ; and peas, 38s 10d. THE SIX WEEKS' AVERAGES. heat, 43s PI; 10d ; barley, 31s 4 d ; oats , 25s 2d ; rye, 32s 7d ; W beans, 44s peas, 37s 7d ENci Lis n GRAIN SOLD LAST WEEK. — Wheat, 8 ;B,peat 571; barley, 3,5 21 ; oats , 5,966 ; rye, 431; beans, 1,789 420 quarters. METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET. To.day's market was moderately supplied with beasto, and the general condition of the stock was by no mea . l3 l first-rate. All kinds met a dull inquiry, yet comparedva''4 S hen Monday no quotable change took place in prices. the show of which was about an average one, were a dull sale, and 2s per Blbs lower the extreme quotations it Downs being 5a 2d per 81bs. As the season for lamb now over we have ceased to quote it. The lam bs er morning sold at irregular currencies. Calves were dull, and 4d per 81bs lower. The supply was tolera te Y good. In pigs and milch cows only a limited bus iness iv° passing at late rates. here :111. Per 81bs. to sink the offal. a. d. s. d. Crse. & inf. beasts 2 8 2 10 Second quality do. 3 0 3 6 Prime large oxen 3 8 4 4 Prime Scots, &c. 4 6 4 8 Crse. & inf. sheep 3 2 3 4 Second quality do. 3 6 4 0 Primecrs-wool do. 9 4 . PrimeP Large me Ss' erne.mthadho d calveso .d. . o . 43 4 1 2 0 4 4 : 4 Large h0g5 ..... . 3 0 4 6 Small porkers 3 8 Lambs, Os Od to Os Od. Suckling calves, 18s to 22 s ; an d quar t er .old store Pig" 18s to 235. TOTAL SUPPLY SUPPLY• 190 Beasts 1,020 Beast F s O . R . E . I . GI4 ........ 1 250 8,500 Sheep .............. Sheep and lamb s 0 Calves 321 Pigs .............. MEAT MARKETS. f 'O at NEWOA.TE AND LEADENHALL—The supplies ;1100 are moderate, and the trade rules steady, as -° A . 6d"; —Beef, from 2s 10d to 4s 4d ; mutton, 38 4 d to Sel lamb, 4s Od to 48 8d ; veal, 3s 6d to 4s 6d ; Po rk ' to 4s 8d per 81bs. by the carcase. SOUTHALL, Sept. 7.—To-day's market was fairlY r 6 alf; plied with each kind of fat stock, and the trade gel d to ruled very inactive, as follows : Beef, from 3s vO l, 4s 8d ; mutton, 3s 64 to 5s 2d ; lamb, 4s 10d to 58 8d j 4s to 4s 8d ; and pork, 3s gd to 4s 4d per 8 11)8 . t the offal. sold ----- R9MFORD, Sept. 7. Prime beasts and sheep voi s steadily, at very full p r i ces . Otherwise the &tean ► niut in a sluggish state : —B ee f fr o m 38 8d to 4 s B H i ci s° d ton, 3s 8d to 5s ' ; lamb 58 Od to 5 s 10 d ; cows , to 4s 8d; po r k, 3 s 8d t o 4s 4d per Sibs; to to 210; £l3 Os to £l9 Os each ; suckling ca l ves , 140 quarter old store pigs, 19s to 24 s each. HAY MARKETS. . clog, 1°*"• SMITRFIELD.—Moadow hay , £ 2 15s to £4los £4 8s to £ 5 6s ; and straw , £ 1 4s to Ll lOs ;or Trade dull. lover ad CUMBERLAND.—Meow hay, £2 18r, to 1.4 lus ; A . £4 5s to £ 5 5s ; and straw , £ 1 5 s to Ll 1 0 5 per l a u A fair average supply-and a heav demand. WunEcHAPEeadow hay, £2 15s to £4 108 ; £4 Os to 15 8s L an d straw, Li 4s to £1 10s per A dull trade. . 11 ---- MADAME LIND-GOLDSCHMI DT. has addressed the following letter article the ! which ieared miner :—"Sir,—ln reference to an r. that Madame recently in your excellent journal, fliwlincingcertsiu Lime- Lind-Goldschmidt was about to give two con rick, nouu cycomuemnta,yapfteerrhatphsefeel presumedthatit I.:toil:l cted an the public to know the causes of such l ent unexpe_ Mir.m. ergickitcshzeal.l Goldschmidt from her professional labours. l a° l't festivals centenary of Handel's death by a remarkable_,_, stal Palace, at Syderdiam, has lately celebrated we or performance of the great composer's most ~ uf' .. aocfd_ep.lata_stiblerviuto: works ; but notwithstanding the impossibility 0fej0,74„, sonting any combination of choral and orchestral r:; equal to those which had been witnessed at Syderillain! , 1 was suggested that a per formance of the sublime b ra of the " Messiah," in behalf of the same charitable instit u tion—namely, ti on — na mely, Mercer's H os p ital, Dublin—for which it iv!: originally completed and performed by Hanel, in the 9 _ B: 1742, might prove not only an interesting, but also vw/ honourable commemoration of the event ,• and, subsea quently, a constituted committee having applied to Mad Goldschmidt for her co-operation and services in suc sol a h celebration, Madame Goldschmidt gave an iramediel ass ent, and conse nted to sing gratuitously for the object contemp l a ted. It is, therefore, on the occasion of her 'fit to Ireland for the above purpose that a few miscellaneel' cq "P fes e , lis an e d s' concerts will be given in different parts of Ireland CHEAP TRAVELLING.—During a six months' tour my theatres, whole i includin g al tl t aly, fees to cicerone, &c., averaged only 18s. week • an d Y es I and di d per y Ye s saw everything that a conscientious tourist vi _ alblooatrhde,rldodisgisinpaglioannsd, shoe* obeys his Murray is bound to see and to do. Last sumo,'" I made an excursion, startin from London to•Dunquerque and Lille, through Belgium by '1 • t in at the Pr in.. cipal towns on the nu , 8 Opp g ,, ,e the way, "doing" the hotels do vu.' y we churches with their curved pulpits, &c., and the plc . _ galleries ; then up the cockney portion of the It o ri ascending the proper quantity of "fell" castles anl embus e valleys ; on from Mayence to Frankfort and STu,,. by rail; an d after doing the artistic oddities of that,_o.,lr. town, proceeded by rail to Munich, where I s pent ; : "7., besides days ; then by coach to the Tegern-see, and on forayedthr g" the Tyrol to Conegliano ;by rail to Venice; sfg days tere ; and then on foot through Lornbardy,_l .;.TZ some o f the principal cities, and the Lago di Gartlasta d'lsea, the Lake of Como, the Splugen, and V' e n d b George of Pffefers, Lake Wallenstadt and Zurich, o Basle to the source of the Moselle ; down the v a l ley, n trip occupied six weeks. I started with .Elfinidiny. Pm' t h e atres, river to Nancy; then by rail to Paris and London. Titheisi and brought a few shillings back ; yet concerts, Sm., and purchased maps —Through Norway with a Knapsack. nlied to the Gutta percha has of late ;been a pplied is that wheels of carriages at Berlin, and the consequence • no noise is occasioned by such vehielc sr and guidveteoks besides' ~. tak, th e end Pea degi to rail Sri ditt adv cm, and Itiii