The Sun. — London, England, 1858-10-16 00:00:00

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OT SOCIAL SCIENCE.' LIVERPOOL, OCT. 15. Yesterday the five sections met in their respective apart ments at 10 o'clock, and papers were read in all of them. L—JUHISFRUDE.NCE AND AMENDMENT OF THE LAW. (Lord Brougham, president.) In this department, Mr. C. Bousfield, of the Leeds Chamber of Commerce, read a paper on the " Registration of Partnerships," and, after a brief discussion which arose upon it, a resolution was carried by a majority of 23 to 3 to the effect that a system of registration of all private partnerships was imperatively called for, and that the sub ject should be referred to the Special Law Committee. Papers having been read by Mr. Wakefield on the " Law of Saving Banks ;" by Mr. Darlington on the " Desirability of Incorporating Chambers of Commerce by Charter ;" and by Mr. E. Heath, on the "Existing Neces sity for Social and Permanent Civil Courts," Mr. CI, W. HASTINGS delivered an address upon the Con solidation of Local Courts, which excited some attention. Ile observed that the want of local courts of plenary juris diction was quite of modern date, for that some centuries ago all the principal towns in the kingdom, more especially the mercantile towns, had been supplied by the wisdom of our ancestors with ocal courts possessing such powers. These courts had gradually fallen into desuetude, because their judges, the recorders, had ceased to be resident, and because they possessed no power of enforcing their judg ments beyond the boundaries of their respective boroughs —a defect which not been felt when trade was concen trated and communication difficult between different parts of the country, but which was fatal in modern days when contracts were made by mercantile men over the whole kingdom. After alluding to the almost entire disuse of these ancient local courts, the speaker proceeded to describe the Parliamentary history of recent county court legisla tion, and did full justice to the unwearied efforts of Lord Brougham in this direction during the last 30 years. His lordship, he said, had in 1830 introduced a bill to establish local courts, with a compulsory jurisdiction up to £lOO, and with a voluntary jurisdiction to any amount. These courts were also intended to be courts of reconcile ment and arbitration. This great and comprehensive mea sure was defeated, and a subsequent bill, with somewhat aimilar provisions, introduced into the House of Lords a year or two after, was also lost, though by a very narrow majority, and several later measures shared the same fate. After alluding to the introduction of the first County Court Bill by Lord Lyndhurst, who had actively opposed Lord , Brougham's measures, but afterwards came round to his views, Mr. Hastings went on to state his plan for the better administration of local justice. He proposed that in each of our large towns a borough court should be established by uniting together our present Bankruptcy and County Courts, the recorder's court and any other local tribunal existing in the town; that the recorder should be chief judge, assisted by one or two deputie s , w h o s h ou ld all be compelled to re side in the locality, and be paid such salaries as would make their posts objects of ambition to lawyers of the first class. Be showed by figures that the salaries now paid to diffe rent judicial officers in our large towns were sufficient to defray the expenses of such a court as he proposed, and he concluded by describing the operation of the Lord Mayor's Court in London, which had precisely the same origin as the ancient courts in other places, which, like them, fell at one time into disuse, and- which has recently been so im • proved by an act of Parliament as to form a most valuable local tribunal for the citizens of London. Lord J. RUSSELL expressed his approval of the sugges tions made by Mr. Hastings, and asked him if he was pre pared to bring forward a resolution on the subject. Mr. HASTINGS replied that he was averse to any resolu tion being passed in the association without the most ma ture consideration, and the matter was postponed for further discussion. Mr. EDGAR read a paper from Mr. Milne in praise of the Scotch Sheriffs' Courts • but Mr. M'LAREN, of Edinburgh, expressed his preference for the English County Court system ; while Mr. MITCHELL, of the Edinburgh Chamber of Commerce, said that they were more blessed with law than with justice in Scotland, and, speaking of his experience of the Scotch Sheriffs' Courts, he said that he would rather have summary injustice than dilatory justice. Several other papers having been read in this department two resolutions were carried, the first by a majority of one, to the effect that it was desirable that chambers of commerce should have charters of incorporation ' • and the other, based upon Mr. Dans on ' s p aper "O n the Law relating to Foreign Debtors," declaring, "That it is desirable that the law of attachment now in force be abolished ; and that a law be enacted embodying the principle of the Scottish law of amstment, and made applicable to the United Kingdom ; and that the subject be referred to the mercantile law com mittee." IL—EDUCATION. (Mr. W. Cowper, M.P., president.) The paper probably which excited the greatest interest in this department was that which was read by Miss Mary Carpenter, on "The Relation of Ragged and Industrial Schools to the Parliamentary Educational Grant." She commenced by remarking upon the fact that by far the - larger proportion - of children in the poorest classes- left school before the age of 11. 19,336 children were appre hended in only nine months, of whom but 3 per cent. could read and write, and one-half of whom had no education at all. Ragged schools formed the only instrument by which this class could be reached. The educational Parliamen tary grant was made for the general education of the people, and administered to stimulate voluntary efforts. In what direction, then, could help be better bestowed than to aid in educating those who without such help must remain ignorant ? In no direction was there a greater voluntary devotion of time and money than in the ragged-school movement. A strong claim, therefore, existed on the part of ragged schools to a large proportion of the Parliamen tary grant. In June, 1856, a minute of Council was passed offering aid to reformatory and ragged schools, placing the latter upon a satisfactory footing ; but a subsequent addition confined the application of the grant to schools for convicted and vag r a n t children, thus excluding the ragged schools. In last Decem ber a deputation waited upon the President of the Council, headed by Lord Shaftesbury and Sir John Pakington, with a memorial from managers of ragged schools upon this sub ject. A minute of December, 1857, accordingly cancelled that of June, 1856, and appeared to be expressly intended for ragged schools and industrial schools. Against the in completeness of this minute Miss Carpenter directed her observations. Only half the rent of rooms was promised, and that only of such rooms as would not be wanted but for industrial work. No help being given fora common school room or playground, nothing was given for a master or mis tr6ss unless certificated, which was seldom the case in rag ged schools. No aid was given for any assistants. Against these and other deficiencies Miss Carpenter warmly pro tested, and concluded with an eloquent appeal for extended and sufficient aid to the ragged school movement. Mr. MONCKTON Mii.srEs, M.P., remarked that the chair - man, being at the head of the Committee of Council, was now really placed at the bar, and the meeting expected that he would say something in his defence. (Laughter.) Mr. Milnes expressed his readiness to assist Miss Carpenter in any effort, adding that in all her schemes she evinced not - only the most earnest philanthropy, but the soundest good sense. Mr. MELLY also advocated the claims of ragged schools. The CHArnmAN said Miss Carpenter, in her warm-hearted energy, naturally took primarily the aspect of the question which favoured the class of children whom she advocated. But it was in another aspect that it had become his duty to look at them. One of the first things he had to ask was whether the ra g ged class was to be looked upon as a per manent class in the country. He contended that it would be quite wrong in an officer of the State to take for granted that there would be a permanently ragged school class. It arose from a wrong state of things that such a class existed, and the object to be aimed at ought to be to get that class into other schools. He did not, from the inquiries he • had made, believe that the children of ragged school classes • were in general the children of parents who could not pay, but of those rather who would not pay ; and this, although not so much affecting the consideration of benevolent per sons, was a very material subject for Government to con sider as regarded the appropriation of their funds. The .Government had to see that every shilling laid out was followed by the development of increased efficiency, and had to avoid the danger of drawing children from the bet ter kind of industrial and other schools down to the ragged schools. On these grounds he contended that the only way in which the ragged schools could well receive Go vernment aid was through the industrial element which was connected with them. The danger of making the ragged schools permanent, and drawing other institutions - down to them, instead of raising the class who were re ceived by the latter, was that against which the Govern ' ment principally were compelled to guard. Several other interesting papers were read, including one by Professor Pinang on ." Some prevailing Errors in the Education of the Working Classes," and one by Miss Louisa - Selwyn, " Oil - the Importance of combining. Training -in useful Occupations with Instruction in National Schools." ' 111 —PUNISHMENT Ar'D REFORMATION. (The Earl of Carlisle, president.) Captain CRorroN read an, interesting paper in this de partment upon the proposition, " Can Intermediate Prisons materially aid in solving the Difficulties of the Convict Questions ?" The section was crowded during the reading of the paper, and the discussion on it was delayed in order that Lord Brougham might be enabled to take part in it. In the outset of his,paper Captain Crofton proposed three questions for consideration—What are the difficulties of the convict question Why have we not solved them? What shall we do to solve those - difficulties ? Taking the last first, he laid -it down that the •difficulties are to devise a. - course 'of treatment, consistent with humanity which Phial either mend the offender or tend, to render him • Jess noxious to the community, and which shall have at the 24 . ame time the effect of deterring others from the commission of crime. From 1827 to 1836, 3 7, 1 17 males and females were transported to the colonies ; front 1837 to 'SAO 27,258 ' f rom 1847 to 1856,11979; and in 1557, only 461. tat the facility with which in the former periods the mother country got rid of its criminals led to gross carelessness, and eventually the colonies refused to receive them. We had, however, learned two lessons from •transportatiofy,—firat that employment was a most powerful agent in reformation; and, secondly, that, notwithstanding all the evils attendant on bad prison discipline, there was still a large impressible class of prisoners who were willing to work when employment was obtained, who gave satis faction to their employers, and who ultimately became useful and industrious colonists. Why had we not solved ' the difficulties of the convict question? Simply because, though experience had clearly proved th a t there a re tw o c l asses o f prisoners --impressibl e and 'inhaPressible —we had failed to avail ourselv es o f that knowledge, and had treated our criminals in masses up to the termination of their incarceration, W and had dis charged them to take their chance and work their will. When the colonies refused to receive convicts the experi ment w as then tried on us at home, with the same result and for a similar reason—the neglect to improve the im pressible class. We were ready to admit how difficult it was for a man when dischar,ged from prison to obtain em ploynient, but wh a t had we done to enable him to procure it ? and it was not to be wondered at, then, that we h a d signally failed. It had been our practice to delude ourselves with negative statistics, and we had concluded that unless a prisoner was re-convicted he was reformed. This delusion had been our stumbling blocs, and well-nigh our ruin. Th e community objected to employ the criminal when discharged, on the intelligible ground that, although under strict surveillance and the utter absence of temptation, his conduct had been good, there was no guarantee that it would not be otherwise in free life ; and thus the character so obtained, Tinder such a Van diseipline,'was of little or no value to the public. at, then, shall we do to solve these difficulties ? giv e Must treat our convicts individually, and not in the mass ; we must qualify them to obtain employment, by so training them that they will gain the confidence of the public ; we must apply such special training as will fit them for a free life and make them meet for employment ; we must inform them of an honest world, of which they know little; and when dischar ge d we m us t not lose sight of them, but preserve a supervision which will tend to protect them and their em plo3ers. It is by enlisting own reformati on t h at 1 the mind of the criminal in' his y . hope to combat the difficulty, 'but it will be neeo se a r we t la prisonment his discipl i ne lt _ln the early 'stages of his im- • onatA be of suds a characttr as till , • operate against the commission of crime. Captain Crofton then dwelt on the inestimable value of labour as a reforma tory agent, and-suggested -that ample and useful employ ment could be found for our criminals in the construction of harbours of refuge and other works of a nat nal charac ter on the coasts. This should be done when they could be cheaply located on the works, and to prove that it could be effected, he mentioned that in Ireland they were enabled to accommodate 3 officers and 50 men in a mo eable iron shed for £350. It had been urged that the association of prison ers was calculated to give rise to demoralisation, but he maintained that that experience had been gained under different circumstances from those which now prevailed ; and he justly observed, that if we cannot control our crimi nals in association after their long discipline we cannot ex pect the community to have much confidence in their future well doing. Payments ofgratuities, according to the amount of work, would also tend to reformation ; but we must above all things take care that the liberated criminal profitably uses his special training. From these considerations Capt. Crofton deduced the following :—That labour was necessary to reformation; that by classification and special training convicts could be better prepared for employment ; that by a system of registration after discharge we shall deter from crime and assist reformation ; and lastly, that by noting to the police the more noxious offenders we shall render their incarceration more certain and lengthened, and thus pro tect society from their vices. A course of prison discipline tending to produce these results was theoretically wise, and that it was also practically so was proved, he maintained, by the success of the system in Ireland. He said that he could give many instances of its success, and men tioned that he could produce letters, dated Lucknow and other places in India, from non-commissioned officers, themselves once prisoners, to their old associates, earnestly exhorting them to reformation. In conclusion Capt. Crof ton expressed his gratitude to the noble president of the section for the assistance he had rendered to his system, and stated that he was quite ready to give every informa tion as to its details to any gentleman who might desire it. A lengthened discussion took place on the paper, and the section generally seemed to concur in the views which it expressed, although some few gentlemen objected to the system of gratuities given to well-conducted and industrious prisoners. We have not space even to enumerate the other papers which were read in this department. IV.---PUBLIC HEALTH. (The Earl of SHAFTESBURY president.) The proceedings in this section commenced by Dr. HOL LAND (the secretary) reading a paper on "The Construction of Hospitals," contributed by Miss Florence Nightingale, which appeared to be a continuation of the paper read on the previous day, entitled " Notes on the Health of Hospi tals." Having advocated the absolute necessity of fresh air, light, ample space, and the subdivision of the sick into seve ral buildings, the paper proceeded to point out the deficien cies in hospital construction, which ought to be avoided, under the following heads :—Defective means of natural ventilation and warming ; excessive width of wards between the opposite windows ' • arranging the beds along the dead walls; having more than two rows of beds between the windows; having windows only on one side ; defective ma terials for floors and the washing of floors (Miss Nightingale alleging that " scrubbing the floors" was one of the main causes of erysipelas in the hospital at Scutari) ; defective condition of water-closets ; defective ward furniture ; de fective accommodation for nursing and discipline ; defective hospital kitchens, •and the inevitable " boiled beef;" defec tive hospital laundries ; selection of bad sites and bad local climates for hospitals ; erecting hospitals in towns ; defec tive drainage and the construction of hospitals without free circulation and external air. The paper was *replete with valuable practical suggestions, but so far as its details were concerned they were intended more as a guidance to pro fessional or civil authorities than to be interesting to the general public. Mr. R. RAwLiNsorT4C.E. (one of the sanitary commis sioners sent out to the Crintea during the Russian war), ex plained the plans which had been sent down to illustrate the paper. In the course of his remarks he stated that he knew that the meat sent out to the navy was absolutely that of beasts which had died in disease. He could speak from experience in regard to the Crimean army that the cattle were brought up at random from Asia Mmor ; they were shipped on board transports, and were sometimes six days at sea without proper food or water, they were landed in the Crimea mere scarecrowsthat we would not feed dogs with in this country, and then driven up to the front and killed. Personally, for two months he could not eat a single piece of flesh, for he loathed it, and no amount of cooking could dis guise the disease. In the Crimea it was the practice not to send intelligent men to attend upon the sick, but actually to tell off the drunken and idle soldiers as hospital orderlies. He had heard these fellows in their drunken brawls adding fresh horrors to the already terrible horrors of wounds, dias ease, and war. He had known of the entire hospital being divested of its orderlies at a moment's notice, without any notice being given to the medical men. When he had the misfortune to be wounded, the orderly told off to attend to him was seized with cholera, and the poor fellow lay down by the bed screaming and dying, no one coming near either of them for more than three hours. The mortality among the line and the officers was as five to one. With regard to the great hospital at Scutari, no form of ventilation was attempted to be carried out before the sanitary commision arrived ; and on the second day, when the commission walked through the corridors, they broke with their own hands 400 . panes of glass in the hospital windows to let out the foul air. A long discussion followed, in which Mr. Bracebridge, who served along with Miss Nightingale for 10 months in the Scutari Hospital, spoke in laudatory terms of that dis dinguished lady, and of the exertions of the late Alexis Soyer. After a few words from Sir H. Verney, M.P., and Mr. Tits, M.P., it was resolved that these papers should be printed separately and circulated. Several other papers having been read relative to hospi tals and hospital treatment by Mr. Rawlinson, Mr. Chad wick, and others, Two papers-were read which opened up the question of Asylums and the Law of Lunacy,—one by Dr. Conolly, on " Residences for the Insane," and the other by Mr. Geo. Robinson, M.D., on " The Further Amendment of the Law of Lunacy." Mr. TITE, M.P., advocated the formation of middle-class establishments. The PRESIDENT stated that he had very strong views on this subject. He would not trust ono -single person—no living being in our fallen nature with despotic, uncon trolled, and unseen exercise of power ; and he could oc cupy them for hours with records of horror surpassing everything they could imagine coming upon persons of the • greatest wealth and position, who had been brought to suf fering and degradation far below the most wretched pauper in the most wretched city of her Majesty's dominions. Whatever they did, if it should please - - Providence to afflict any of their relatives with that disorder, let them listen to the advice' which he had always given—which he would act upon if his own wife or his own daughter were unhappily afflicted—that wife or daughter should be trans ferred to some private asylum, in order that persons might know where she was. In the whole management of these affairs, whether in public or private establishments, whether in reference to the poor or the rich, let them look to this, that-they were, from the very peeuliarity of the disorder, dealing with a person in such a condition that he had not the ordinary means of protection which belonged to other cases. They must trust more or less the evidence given by the proprietor, the medical superin tendents, or the servants, who were interested parties. They might take this as a tile, that the evidence of a patient in respect of himself or herself was not to 'be trusted, but the evidence of patients in respect of other patients might be received with confidence. (Hear.) He assured them that there was no one class of human beings in existence so much to be pitied as that particular class of small trades men, or persons with small incomes, if visited with a malady. Persons in that condition could not be sent to a pauper asylum. What else was open to them? Ther6 was no form of medical treatment to be had in private asylums that could be had under a less payment than a guinea a-week. To a small tradesman, or a young lawyer fighting the battle of life in a dark chamber, that pay ment would be a hopeless thing. To meet that, they should endeavour to found a public asylum for the middle classes and persons with small incomes, where moderate charges would be the rule. Now, if medical men allowed cases to go on until the evidence of insanity was so unmis takeable that every one was c4nvinced, why then the parties would be utterly incurable without any possibility of being brought to their senses again. The only hope was in the first development of the disorder ; if then put under proper control, the probability was that .75 per cent. of the patients might be cured ; but if they allowed the disease to go on for 12 months, he would ask any medical man whether the cures he would effect would be two iii a hundred - It was a delicate point of judgment to _decide when a person was in the first stage ; but, if they followed the rule laid clown in the newspapers, he confessed they Might bring hundreds of these people to utter wreck and ruin. ,(Applause.) V. SOCIAL EcoNoMY. .. ___....... ___...... - Thia'Aepartment has been divided into two sections. In the first, which was presided over by Sir James Stephen, the following interesting and-instructive paper was read by Mr. T. M. Mackay, of the great shipping firm of Messrs. Jas. Baines and Co., of Liverpool, upon the subject of Emigration: —Among the many important subjects which affect the social economy of society there is non. so momentous in its results as the emigration of large masses of our population to other lands. At the same time these great and continuous move ments, with few exceptions, go on with such peaceful and silent regularity that public attention is rarely excited by the daily ebbing of the dense population around us. No doubt, this may be explained by the fact that these changes are never, except under circumstances of dire necessity, the simultaneous exodus from any particular locality, but com manly the isolated movements of families or individuals from every part of the British Isles, in search of peace and pros perity, which they think can be more easily attained else where, and radiant with the hope that their fond expec tations will be sooner or later realised. No doubt, as emigrants become successful in their adopted homes, they exhibit a praiseworthy anxiety to be surrounded by their kindred, and a large share of emigration to the United States of America i n l a tte r y ears h as p rocee d e d f rom this source. - But whatever may be the influences which produce this outpouring o f our popu l a ti on , I am sure your attention will ho arrested by a sensation far deeper than any mere novelty could excite when I mention the fact that between' 1815 and 1857—a period of 42 years—no less than 4,683,194 emigrants have left our shores, and of these more than one-half befween 1847 and 1854 inclusive. Their destinations were as follows : United States British America Australia and New Zealand Other places . 68,550 I need scarcely tell you that the great stream of emigration has always proceeded from Ireland, and in the first famine year of 1847, 258,270 took their departure, being more than double the number for 1846, and of these 251,834 went to the United States of America and Canada. These departures increased, with only one or two inter missions, until 1855, the climax having been reached in 1852, when 368,764, about the annual increase of our popu lation, left us in search of other homes. There is a pleasing retrospect even in these nurnbers, indicative of the ros perity of the sister i s l an d, f or while she contributed 7 per i cent. of the whole emigrati on i n 1851, s h e on l y sent 4 I in 1857. The destinations, too, of our adventurous fellow countrymen since 18.52 are no less cheering; for, although in 1851 only 6k per cent. went to our Australian colonies from the various parts of the United Kingdom, I find the increase had extended to 29 per cent. in 1857, and this year it will most probably count not less than one-half of our entire emigration. In the midst of my avocations, con nected chiefly with emigration, I have not been alto gether negligent in my endeavours to fathom the cause which produce such sudden changes in numbers who under ordinary circumstances seek to better their condition in our colonies. No doubt, the recruiting sergeant during the heat of the Crimean war and the fiery indignation of the Indi an revo l t carr i ed away many aspiring youths from the Black B a ll fl ag I represen t , t o th e glorious banner of their Queen, and I can also understand the sudden impulses which hurry men away when the discovery of a goldfield, with fabulous descriptions of its riches, is blazoned over the land ; but I confess I am still unable to explain why in two.years of comparative equality twice as many should ealigrate in one year as the other, a result. which I look for ward to in 1857 compared with 1858. It is a paradox worthy of itweotigation, for I have made the most minute inquiries through the medium of an agency of 300 intelligent men of business, and with one accord they have confessed it inex plicable. The number of_ males who emigrate._ is, in conse quence of the demand for their labour in all new countries, much greater than females ; indeed, to Australia the pro-- portion was nearly 3 to 2, but although the efforts of the emigration commissioners to lessen the disparity by appro priating the colonial funds intrusted to them in sending out as many eligible single women as possible are incessant, I must be ungallant enough to add that they find more diffi culty in making a proper-Selection than would be supposed,: There is one beautiful feature in the Irish character con nected with this subject which shines in charming contrast with the cooler and more calculating affection of either the Englishman or the Scot. I refer to the immense sums re mitted by successful Irishmen for the purpose of bringing out their indigent relatives to participate in their prospe rity. Since 1848 the amount sent to this country from America alone has been £9,937,000, about £1,000,000 a-year. It is beyond all human calculation to imagine the amount of misery which this prodigious fund has not only relieved but absolutely annihilated, and whatever may be the creed of those whose chief anxiety is to share the blessings of Providence. with their poor kindred, rest assured, in that day when the Almighty discerner of the human heart makes up his jewels, such warm-hearted followers of their Divine master will not be forgotten. It is not the least interesting part of our inquiry (and I am indebted to .the report of the Emigration Commissioners for the past year for the infor mation) to examine the different classes of people who go from us to make "the wilderness and the solitary place glad for them, and the desert to rejoice and blossom as the rose." Chief among the ten thousands are those who under the generic term of labourer, those useful hewers of wood and drawers of water, whose ambition rarely extends beyond good diet,, decent clothing, and a comfortable bed ; and I find the proportion their numbers bear to all other emi grants, whatever clime they seek to sojourn in, is very much alike. Next come the more hopeless mass, who ac knowledge no distinct occupation, like weeds grow apace in the great garden of life, and being useless in the old world are thrown over the wall in the hope of a better ger mination in the new. Then follow those whose pursuits have been less or more associated with agriculture, and the number who seek their fortunes among the pastoral lands of Australia show how much they are preferred to the prairies of the west or the forests of British America. Miners and quarrymen muster strongly also among the Australian emi grants, showing how attractive are the goldfields of Bendigo and Ballarat than the coal mines of Pennsylvania and Nova Scotia. Carpenters and joiners, the most useful men in all countries, new and old, have not left us in such members as we might suppose, for they only amount to about 2,500 and of these only one-thirdwent to the southern hemisphere. I fear to name the number of "gentlemen and professional. men" who couldn't find the means of existence among us. About 1,103 went to America, while Australia was deluged to the extent of 1,200. It seems in vain to warn those who come undcr the definition of "gentlemen" that hands and capital are the stuff for young settlements. Every family sends its fastest son to learn steadiness and make a liveli hood, if not a fortune in some of our colonies, and after ex hausting his shattered frame at the diggings or elsewherehe usually falls back on the towns a wreck, if not a curse to the community. Strange to say, only 1,050 masons, bricklayers, plasterers, and slaters have emigrated during the past year, and in equal number, west and south. The demand for masons at the Cape of Good Hope, where there is abundance of good stone, is likely to draw off large numbers during the pre sent season, but the increasing number of stone build ings in all the large towns of England may account for their. indisposition to seek employment elsewhere. I fear the exodus of painters, paperhangers, plumbers, and glaziers would hardly warrant the idea of the extravagant decora tions we hear so much about occasionally from abroad, nor the extension of those domestic comforts which are really our greatest luxuries now a days. As for the outpouring of boot and shoemakers I could not divine the paucity of their numbers until I learnt the price of soleing and heeling at Melbourne was 145., and as a new pair of shoes can be had for 155., truly the cobbler's occupation in Australia, if it ever had a beginning, is gone. I was wondering why so few bakers were tempted to expatriate themselves when I remembered that " damper" was there what the Americans call "an institution ;" and no doubt the scarcity of tailors as emigrants may be explained by the large export of ready made clothing and the indisposition of those who follow such sedentary employments ever to go into the " bush." Engineers seem alive to the opening which must necessarily arise in such communities, for 300 in nearly equal numbers between America and Australia have taken their departure, while there seem to have been great misgivings as to the cultivation of native manufactures, for only two tallow chandlers and soap makers ventured on the speculation. Of the fair sex I find a goodly array of 11,000 of that most equivocal occupation abrtad,—viz., domestic servants, have sought to " better their condition" by looking for places, 6,600 in Australia, and the rest to add to the army of indifferent "helps" in America. Truly glad was Ito find that of that most patient, most honourable, most useful, and most •• quited of all professions—l mean governesses—only 20 were found adventurous enough to seek an asylum in Australia, while three had courage enough to trust their fortunes in America. A good deal has been said and written about the moral administration of emigtants during their voy age, but after a very anxious inquiry I have never been able to find out anything to warrant the statement that syste matic profligacy is the rule rather than the exception. Indeed, the large numbers who are usually congregated together forbid the idea of gross improprieties, unless we are prepared'to admit that human nature, under such associations, sinks to a level with the brute creation. The accusation has never been made but in a loose, general way, and I believe it in the main to be entirely without founda tion. Another and most important section of this subject is the machinery which regulates thiS vast movement, and its history records a reformation involving more real com fort than any other social revolution of the present century. The first Emigration Act of any value was that passed in 1835, wherein the 'tween decks were only required to be 5t feet high, a fact indicative of the small size of vessels then in use ; and if there were more than two tiers of berths (an arrangement now perfectly inadmis sible) the lowest were to be at least six inches from the deck. Not a word was written about light or ventilation, and a supply of provisions equal to 11b. per day . of bread or biscuits or oatmeal, or 71b. of potatoes as an equivalent, was the dietary of the poor emigrants, unless they brought sup pike of their own. The maximum penalty for any violation of the Act was only ..C2O. In those days there was no a urvey as to the seaworthiness of the vessel, unless the collector of customs was informed to the contrary, an event never likely to take place unless from vindictiveness or jealousy, and it was not until 1845 that competent surveyors were appointed, whose examination of emigrant ships and their equipments is now so stringent as to have obtained the most perfect confidence of the underwriters. Unfortunately, or probably I might say fortunately, I have not been able to gain any access to any authentic records of the sickness, mortality, or loss from shipwreck during the earlier efforts at legislation, or I fear they would tell a sad story of misery and disaster. But there was a time coining to test the total inadequacy of the law as it then stood. There was a famine in the land, and year after year the destruc tion of the% potatoe crop spread despair and starvation among the - - - people of Ireland, who fled in myriads as from the face of the avenging angel. They landed on the quays of this town in thousands every day, and their first impulse was to rush to the nearest ship bound to Ame rica, fondly hoping that one sight of its banner would, like the brazen, serpent in the wilderness, save them from destruction. Every vessel was crowded with these famished wretches, and amid an atmosphere which became hourly more poisonous, a light which only served to "make darkness visible," and a dietary barely suf ficient to keep the lamp of life flickering in the socket arose that terrific scourge, the ship fever, which in its merciless rage spread such havoc among those helpless crea tures so predisposed to disease. Happily, in this emergency, the Emigration Commissioners were "the right men in the right place," their orders were peremptory for increased light and ventilation, issues of beef and pork, which were then only permitted as substitutes for farinaceous food; were made imperative, and by degrees the much dreaded malady was subdued. In 1852 and 1855 more stringent Acts were passed, and since' those periods the improve ments of the emigration ship are in every respect so remark able that the mortality among the greatest numbers on the longest voyage is less than among the same number inhabit ingthe most salubrious spot in England. No doubt, the immense change in the character of the ships in this service, the tonnage of which has increased from 500 tons to those of 1,000 to 2,500 with 'tween decks from 7 feet to 8 'feet high, instead- of 5 feet 5, and ventilation along their entire decks, has had a material influence in producing this sanitary change, and making a voyage to the antipodes a comparative luxury. But it gives me great pleasure to testify to the valued labours of the 'emigration officers who have tarried out all these improvements. Some of the. circumlocution offices. in London would stand aghast if they were told that in less than 51 years 2,031 ships, counting 2,516,259 tens, had been despatched from Liverpool, carrying 789,581 passengers, that their provi sions, medicines, and water had been all examined, their hulls and rigging, berths,' accommodation, and hospitals surveyed, every complaint redressed, and in cases of Go vernment emigrants (not less than 100,000 in number) every article in their kits examined by Captain Schomberg and his staff, consisting of only 13 in number, at a cost of about £2,000 per annum.. Yet this is a fact, and one I feel glad to record, differing, as it does, so widely from the usual inefficiency of public establishments, and proiingy where least expected, that there is no rule without excep tion. But, after all, - the grand consideration is—what are the effects of this mighty exodus ? Well, let their deeds show. It may be hard to trace • the exact course of our 2,800,000 emigrants who have gone to America (more than one-tenth of the population of the United States) amid the ceaseless workings of that great •Itepublic, but no one can deny them a fair sharp in its progress, but when we measure this by its products, that of cotton alone being only second in importance to our own wheat crop, from the millions now dependent on: its manufacture, can we doubt for a moment that their industry has contributed in no mean degree to the riches and happiness of their native land ? The same process has been •in action in British America, and, although neither the soil nor climate has been so congenial to the Cultivation of many valu able crops as the sunny South, yet upwards of a mil lion of our fellow-countrymen have carried there the in domitable perseverance of our Anglo-Saxon race, cleared the dense forests of the Canadas, and made them with their inland seas tributary to their own comfort as well as the wealth of Old England. But it is to our Australian colo nies we must look if we would see the most extraordinary development of emigration in the history of the human race. • It seems like yesterday that New South Wales, then only known as Botany Bay, was associated in our minds with all the pains and penalties of a convict settlement. Indeed, the first record of any one leaving England for Sydney who did'nt " leave it for his country's good" was only 33 years ago, and, with the exception of the four years from 1848 to 1851, when an extraordinary excitement 'ex isted, and upwards of 78,000 emigrants sailed for Australia, the increase of the population was very gradual, although great pastoral prosperity was known to exist, and a growing inclination towards its shores was very perceptible. By this time Victoria had emerged from its infancy, and Melbourne, from its situation as the outlet of a large district teeming with abundant pastures, was becoming a place of some im portance, while the rich ores of South Australia, together with its fertile soil and fine climate, had also advanced it in an almost equal ratio. Van Dieman's Land, now Tas mania, had then become the great receptacle for our con victs, and was thriving even with the aid of such labOr, overawed by a considerable gentry and middle population of man y years' growth, while New Zealand struggling against an artificial system of emigration was comparatively for gotten. Such was the picture of the Australasian grimp within the last seven years, their population scarcely ex ceeding 300,000 ; but great industry and contentment reigned everywhere, and the young offshots from the mother country were diligent in the patriarchal occupation of shepherds or the more daring pursuits of the cattle and horse-breeding stations. At length a rumour went abroad that an adventurer from California (and the name of gar greaves should never be forgotten) had discovered gold in the uplands of Victoria and Sydney. It ran wilder than the bush-fire th roug h the land, and reached the shoseS of Great Britain - as if carried on the wings of the hurricaie The old country was staggered, but only for an ins t. "To the diggings' , was the cry, and-'within rao hs nearly 100,000 adventurers had tempted a voyage of 16,000 THE SUN, LONDON, SAT URDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 10, 1858. miles in quest of this charmed Ore - . On, on, on they rush, year after year, in nearly equal numbers, but yet with in stinctive discipline, marking their track by the establish ment of law and order. Mell4ourne, like Jonah's gourd, but happily only in its growth, rises in a night from a village to a city. All the other settlements contribute their in dustry to the maintenance of the vast ingress of the popula tion. Ship after ship pours in the riches of India, America, and England, and within three yearsthe imports amounted in 12 months to upwards of 20 millions sterling. Such an array of figures made the wildest speculator hold his breath. A crisis of no ordinary magnitude seemed impending, but all sagacity was baffled by the rich treasures of Ballarat, Bendigo, and Mount Alexander, and ere six months had passed the market was relieved,' and the marvel remains to this day how and where the immense stores of every con ceivable prodnce were consumed. Nor is the, wonder ever. Nor do we see its limits as long as the auriferous deposits yield their accustomed riches, added to the wealth of their fleeces and copper ore. The population of Australia now ex ceeds 800,000, and is daily increasd with our best blood, while its Government is almost a reflex of the British Con stitution. The divisible labour fund is the greatest by far in the history of mankind. Its trade is third in importance in the list of our vast commerce. Our tonnage to its ports counts by hundreds of thousands of tons. Its public revenues are upwards of £5,000,000 per annum, while railways of great extent, among others connecting Port Philip with the Mur ray, a river navigable for 1,500 miles from its source, are now in progress at a cost of £8,000,000, and hydraulic works worthy of ancient Rome provide the city of Mel bourne with abundance of pure water. Such is but an im perfect outline of " emigration" within a recent period, and its reproductive influence on the mother country is a cal culation I would hardly dare to venture on. Our own colonies are the homes of tens of thousands of our fellow countrymen, and the goal of countless thousands more. Those who have left us love to linger over the history •f their fatherland with all its glorious associations of civiliza tion and freedom. Those who seek to follow will leave us, I trust, schooled in those solid virtues which have built up England's greatness, and in both there is an undying wish to link themselves in thought and interest with the land of their birth. Such feelings have something far, far beyond a mere sentimental value ; they impart a reciprocal attach ment which distance can neither enfeeble nor "sever, and are leading to social and commercial results, the culminat ing point of which will, I hope, be in a futurity much too j distant for any human calculation. A paper having been read upon the subject of the. Slave Trade by the secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society. Lord BROUGHAM said that the question was not entirely settled at the present day, for what the paper had alluded to as a " call for emigration," raised, naturally enough, the question of immigration, as it had been called, by which it was thought—not in our own colonies, but in some foreign colonies—to supply the want of labour by what was called emi gration from the coast of Africa ; but it turned out that the emigration consisted of men who were kidnapped and taken on board ship in manacles, or who were put in manacles before they had been 24 hours on board the vessel. This was called free emigration. The paper, he regretted, did not dwell upon the substitute in the encouragement to the not only innocent, but praiseworthy trade on the coast of Africa which had been constantly increasing for years past, since the abolition of the greater portion of the traffic. He had every reason to hope that the good sense of the Government—the French Government, as well as other Governments of the present day—would put an end to that speculation in men, for he could call it nothing else, which had been lately attempted, , but which he trusted had very generally failed. His lordship contended that the planter with free labour was kgreat sufferer by the admission of tie Spanish slave-grown sugar upon the same terms as re garded duty as our free-grown sugar. It was not the natural increase of Cuba, but the constant importation of slaves from the African coast, which caused the free-grower to be undersold in the market. It gave him very great satisfaction to state that from a late communication that had been received from Dr. Livingstone, on the east coast of Africa, there was every reason to suppose with regard to the demand for cotton—the article now so very much in demand, and respecting which so considerable alarm lately prevailed, particularly at Manchester—that that demand would be supplied. His right rev. friend the Bishop of Oxford had been kind enough to communicate to him (Lord Brougham) a letter whichhe had just received from Dr. Li vingstme, from which two things appeared. One was that great indignation was expressed by the natives of that coast against the Portuguese Government for allowing the native princes to traffic in slaves. Those princes did not join, of course, in the indignation; but the poor negyoes, the peo ple, generally and strongly joined in it ; and Dr. Living stone and the men who were with him, being supposed to be connected with the Portuguese, at first found a very cold and even hostile reception; but the joy of the people was indescribable when the men declared that they were not Portuguese, but English, and enemies to the slave trade, which the Portuguese had been to a certain degree justly charged with upholding. Another fact was that they found up the river, and on both sides, a most general, easy, and economical cultivation of cotton, the soil and the climate appearing to be both singularly adapted to its production. No doubt whatever existed that with very little encourage ment, a very little additiOn to their means in point of ma chinery, cotton might be largely and profitably . cultivated, and that the habits of the people were strongly in favour of it, the negroes having already largely—largely at least, according to their means—engaged in the cultivation. In conclusion, his lordship, who appeared greatly moved, said —I cannot name my rev. friend Bishop Wilberforce without adding that that is a name which must ever awaken in my bosom an emotion in which veneration, love, and affection strive for the mastery; and it is most pleasing to me to be able to say so in this town of Liverpool when I recollect that 46 years ago, during the great contest in 1812, one of the most powerful appeals that was made by a certain part of the people against me upon that occasion was the pla carding of the words that I had used in the House of Com mons the session before, declaring slave trading to be not a traffic, but a felony. That was held at the time to be a most judicious and useful squib, as it were, against a can didate, that he had dared to lift his voice in the House of Commons as against that part, at least, of the trade of the borough of Liverpool. Ido not believe there is to be found in all the town of Liverpool one single individual at the present day who would promote such an attack upon me. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) The remainder of the day was occupied with discussions rather of focal th2n of ann.ral inters"' In section 2 of this department the chair was occupied successively by Lord J. Russell, Mr. Kinnaird, M.P., and Sir B. Leighton. Dining the discussion upon the " Great Social Evil" Lord J. Russell presided. His Lordship suggetted that a considerable discrimination should be exercised in reporting the proceeedings. He could not say that every individual reporter or editor had exercised the most wise discretion upon this or any other subject ; and, as a case in point, he referred to a letter which appeared in the Times some months ago, which, his lordship added, was from a woman who was leading an abandoned life, who spoke of it in glowing terms. Mr. N. CAINE then read his paper " On Prostitution; its Aids and Accessories." Of late years there have sprung up, not only in our large towns, but even in populous vil lages, certain establishments, licensed for plausible purposes, but which, in offering special attractions for the immoral of both sexes, are in reality aids and accessories to vice. Their true character, the law in reference to their preven tion, and the laxity of its administration form !the subject of the paper now presented to the Association for the Ad vancement Social Science. The alarming increase of pros titution, and the bold attitude it assumes in large towns, must be observed with painful solicitude by the social cco nomist. Whoever has watched the growth of this evil must have been struck with the effrontery of certain noto rious establishments, evidently instituted for the purposes of assignation and prostitution, as harbours of - prostitutes and marts for procuresses. Our national jealousy of infringing upon the liberty of the subject affords them impunity ; and thus, through the misapplication of a principle, and a mistaken view of the quesfion, are these hotbeds of vice tolerated. Much of the leniency ex hibited has its origin in a misplaced compassion for the so-called " unfortunates?' Unfortunate, indeed, they are in every sense of the term ; as fallen sisters they claim our most tender sympathies ; but let us take care that our feelings do not betray us into a false estimate of the facts. That a certain proportion of these wretched women are the victims of seduction is sadly too tine ; but that proportion is by no means so large as many suppose ; by far the greater number take up this vile pursuit deli berately and designedly, to be followed just so long as it yields pleasure or profit, and when it ceases to yield either one or the other to be given up. It is not the mere animal gratification, but the great profits and guilty plea sures connected with prostitution that form its chief attraction ; curtail these, and its principal inducement will be removed. Let prostitution be treated as it is— a trade, an infamous trade ; let all who aid and abet its traffic be treated as infamous traders. Let the same prin ciple of legislation which bears upon other illicit com merce (to smuggling and slavetrading) be applied to prosti tution, and its dimensions would soon be reduced. Much may be done for its mitin ° ation—its extinction can hardly be expected. Instead, however, of looking upon it in this light, we find- it treated with great delicacy; or, as is too commonly the case, with great levity. Any one listkning to the defence, often made, of the dens of profligacy about to be described, if ignorant of their real nature, would almost infer that the proprietors were men and women impelled by benevolence to open casinos and divans as asylums for the unfortunates, or as harbours for the homeless, and that their presiding mis tresses were patterns of matronly kindness, anxious only to provide some refuge for the fallen. While the nature and extent of thoso evils which result from places used as public resorts of prostitutes is admitted by many, they shrink from dealing with them, under the impression that they are lesser evils, serving probably to prevent greater. A closer examination, however, shows too clearly their end and aim, and it is impossible to resist the conviction that they are monster evils, engendering the foulest vices that can degrade humanity. The time allotted will not permit minute description of the various places under discussion ; a cursory glance at them must therefore suffice. Some take out a licence for wine, some for beer, and others again merely for tobacco. The price of admission varies from 2d. to Is., females being usually charged one half. Some are pronounced to be " free," or the cost of the entrance ticket is returned in- drink or cigars. The hallS or rooms, in many instances, are elegantly and most expensively deco rated. Some have attractions for the eye, in pictures and poses plastiques ; some for the ear, in vocal and instrumental' music ; while others offer various allurements. But at all the prevailing licentiousness in speech and gesture is such that it may not be described even to a male audience. While some make the pretence of bringing their revels to a close at an earlier hour, most of these modern pandemonia keep up their orgies till 3 and 4 and even 5 o'clock in the *morning ; alike on Sundays as on week-days, the Sabbath making no difference. The frequenters consist of prosti tutes from 14 years of age and upwards ; and those places are specially used as training grounds for the initiation of young girls - into their career of vice, procuresses teaching them their infernal lesson. Among the men may be seen flash fellows, fancy men, and bullies, known to the police as gamblers and pickpockets ; and in this most respectable assemblage are to be found, if the term may be allowed, ' gentlemen," at all events men of wealth and station, and of influence in society. Mingling with this throng are men holding offices of high trust and appointments of great responsibility—cashiers and merchants' clerks, and even apprentice lads just merging into manhood. All these may be seen in familiar inter course—hail fellows I—with the blackleg, the thief, and the harlot. It is of little moment where the resorts of vice may be, by what name they may be called, or under what pretence they may be covered. The lounge of the theatre, the casino, the dancing saloon, the free-and-easy, free con cert, supper-roorh, cafe, or divan—all are alike in character ; these two elements of evil, the two great causes of all crime —drink and prostitution—are the characteristics of each. .The practices of each are alike vicious, and they have all one object; all are established for the purpose, and for the purpose only, of affording facilities to assigna tion and prostitution. Whatever may be the allure ments which bring viciously-disposed persons of both sexes together, they are dangerous to society. Matrons and employers of females little suspect the common -use made of dancing saloons --by domestic servants and shopwomen ; and parents little think what their daughters are exposed to when suffered to frequent such places, In mingling with artful prostitutes and designing and dissolute men they are easily tempted to their ruin; fot these are just the resorts where the debmchee and the procuress seek fresh victims. The excitement of the dance, the stimulant of drink, or if need be, the drug, afford ready and easy means for ef fecting their horrible object. At certain supper-rooms the interior arrangements include a peculiar convenience, which must be left to your imagination, for it cannot be described. At some beer-houses a diabolical system prevails •, there, on Saturday nights, are regularly held lotteries, attended by young men and even boys, the prize being the privilege of selecting one from a number of women waiting in an adjoining apartment. The extent of vice connected with public-houses and beer-houses may be gathered from the police returns of those declared to be "irregular." Although a full idea of the terrible magnitude of the evils under discussion can hardly be realised from this necessarilS , condensed statement, enough has been ad vanced to suggest to reflective minds the pernicious influ ence which those evils must exercise in our social economy. The question thus naturally arises, why are such things suffered in a Christian country ? Is there no law for their prevention and repression ? and why are they not put down by the police as nuisances ? The answer is, that they exist in direct contravention of the spirit of the English law, and that the police would only be too glad to act if allowed. The mischievous effects on society of permitting prostitutes to assemble and remain together in places of public resort has been fully recognised by the Legislature a nd the evil as it now exists is entirely the result of that laxity with which the police law bearing on prostitution is administered. In the case of a notorious casino, or " hop," lately referred to in the assizes in Liverpool, Baron Watson, in summing up, remarked, " That no person can be- allowed to bring prostitutes together so as to be a nuisance. It is quite suf ficient that these people have their private residenc,es ;but if parties collect them by music and dancing, night afte night, and draw them about so as to become a nuisance to yourselves or an annoyance to your families, that is an offence indictable by law. If you collect them, and they drink next door and . congregate there, then it is an indict able offence, and punishable by law; and he should look upon law, upon police law, all sadly defective if it could not reach a case of that kind." The result of that trial was a verdict against the proprietor, who was bound over in his recognisance of £lOO to close his rooms, and to keep them closed, his lordship adding, that " the public were perfectly justified in putting down such an abominable nuisance. ' The police law is clear and explicit, if intent can be judged by the plain declaration of the section of the act which pro vides that if any person knowingly permits prostitutes to meet together and remain in any place of public resort where refreshments of any kind are sold or consumed, that perstm is liable to a penalty. In the attempt to overrule this section, on the plea that disorderly conduct was not proven , an appeal was lately made to the Court of Queen's Bench, when the three judges unanimously de clared that actual disorderly conduct was not necessary to a conviction, but that the offence was constituted by per mitting proslitutes to meet and remain together. If fur ther corroboration of the intention of the law were needed, it is shown in the reply made by the Secretary of State to a memorial on this subject, which concluded by saying that "the statute seems quite sufficient to warrant a conviction, if the facts satisfy the magistrate that the meeting and re maining of the persons described are for an unlawful or im moral purpose." Yet it has been made painfully evident that local magistrates, with a few exceptions, have an in superable objection to deal with these cases, and the difficul ties in the way of obtaining convictions appear at present to be almost insurmountable. Take Liverpool as an exam ple. Out of 17 cases brought by the police before different magistrates, eight convictions only were obtained, although the nine dismissed were supported by precisely the same evidence. The police were rebuked from the bench for in terfering, and the prosecutor censured for bringing such cases forward. At last an order was issued by the stipen diary that no more informations should be laid. The magi strate very properly had a discretion in judging of the facts of the case before him ; but it remains to be seen whether that discretion extends to a private interpretation of the law, or whether he is justified in setting that law aside. If individual magistrates have the power to interfere with the due course of law, or if they are warranted in dealing with cases, not upon their respective merits, but according to their own private views of a question involved in them, then it is important to know whether they are the men to be intrusted with its administration in matters which affect the deepest interests of social life, or whether those who may feel aggrieved by decisions in the police courts should not have the privilege accorded in the county courts— that- of demandmg a trial by a jury of citizens. As one of the objects of this Association is to elicit information on the prevention and repression of crime, and, as pro stitution is one of its most fertile sources, I felt it my duty to bring under your notice this repulsive sub ject, in the hope that its discussion may lead to some practical result. Let us grapple with this frightful social evil: Let us face it boldly—meet it honestly, with a firm determination to deal with the vice while offering every escape for its victims. And may He who rules all events guide us right in the means to be applied, and dispose us to use every effort and brave every diffieulty to cleanse the social body from the leprosy of this foul sin. The Rev. J. S. Howson said, that from information he had he was led to the conclusion that it was an undoubted fact that a large proportion of unhappy women were not the victims of seduction ; and it was of extreme importance that the fact should be believed, as it removed the reason for that leniency, arising from sympathy, which many were disposed to. From the places of amusement frequented by them he feared there was much indirect, unseen harm ; many shop girls went to dancing-rooms, and the result was an enormous amount of what might be called half-prosti tution. This was a strong argument for the closing of them. Servants between periods of domestic service were known to lead abandoned lives ; and he knew a case in which one gentleman saw waiting at the table of another a young woman whom he knew recently to have been else where. Thus the evil entered families—perhaps reached nursery-maids, and vitiated those upon whom devolved most important domestic duties. It was not an uncommon thing for unwary excursionists from the country to be en trapped in the neighbourhood of the railway stations, taken to secluded places, and perhaps robbed; but many went home with the most inflated notions of these places, about which they talked freely. It would be well if they could know the difference between general and local acts, and the local acts of. other places ; and they would be glad if Mr. Caine would tell them the nature of the hindrances, and why the evil was not dealt with. From what he gathered, there s. erred a kind of moral paralysis on the police ; it was well they should know why. He appreciated the suggestion of an appeal to a jury. The closing of these places it was said, would fill the streets, which would b e substituting one evil for another ; and the question arose, which was the greater? Streetwalkers were dangerous as regarded the lower classes, sailors, and cheap-trippers ; but as regarded the higher classes, who had received a cer tain degree of education, the evils were less. The re-open ing of the Argyll Rooms, London, was an enormous disas ter, except that sometimes the magnitude of an evil proved its cure. They were re-opened on the representation that these women crowded the streets ; but those who frequented the best dancing rooms were not likely, handsomely dressed as they were, to take to the streets, at least not immediately. Why could not the streets be cleared ? (Hear.) Why should there be a difference between us and continental towns ? Might it not be possible to find something between the registration of France and the absolute licence of Eng land ? Mr. Wm. RATHBONE believed there was great difficulty in getting convictions as the law was now worded In one case he went to Mr. Mansfield, who said, " I don't think the law is explicit," He ventured to differ, and think it was, and he was convicted; but the other magistrates, quite as conscientious, were of a different opinion. Therefore, it should not be said they were unwilling to administer the law when they had a doubt. His opinion was the law was clear. The Rev. Father NUGENT said the women were divided into two classes, richer and poorer ; and the latter, in such streets as Vauxhall-road, Marylebone, &c. were driven to this life by necessity, a great portion being Irish who landed here, were reduced by evil designing men, who sought for them, said they would take them to lodging-houses, and robbed them ' so that they were driven to the streets. He believed the higher class was procured from manufacturing districts, suchas Nottingham. One evil of which this class were victims was late over-hours' work, when they were plied with strong coffee, and infamous books read to them to cause them to work quicker, and then with dancing rooms how could they withstand temptation. They wanted some general means of prevention, because cure was almost impossible. Something might be done by a large industrial institution at the north end of the town, where girls land ing here could find temporary employment. (Hear, hear.) Dr. WALTER LEWIS, physician to the London post-office, would be sorry to treat all with severity, for there were two classes, and many were driven to this life from the want of proper and adequately remunerative employment. Mr. STEEL, as a great employer of female labour in the manufacture of-cigars, said that it was those abominable nuisances the dancing shops that were the cause of much of the evil. The girls were tempted there at night, rendered unfit for the next day's work, and their wages were thus reduced. Sometimes they came in such a state that it was evident they had been up all night, and sometimes too intoxicated to do their work. They spent their wageg there, and deceived their parents, who had come to him complaining that the girls were noibetter paid ; and he found they had been taking home 2s. and 3s. a-week when they- were earning from 7s. to 10s., and perhaps, as some did, even 16s. a-week. Then some parents came and complained of late hours, while his establishment was regularly closed at 7 o'clock, except in the busiest season, when they sometimes worked until 9 o'clock. To afford the parents a check upon the 'girls head devised a weekly time and wages ticket ; but the paients - were too indifferent to require and examine it, so that when they came to him Witli• their complaints he found that for weeks they had not seen it, although he had explained it in a letter sent-to all through the post, accom panied by Some of the best advice he was able to give. Mr. K nsTNAIRD, in the course of some remarks, suggested that night houses should be placed under the superintend ence of the Police ' and the closing at a reasonable hour of all not required for bond fide purposes. Young women needed after work hours some relaxation ; and why should not provision be made for them similar to those made for young men—reading rooms, &c. ? (Hear, hear.) -Mr. PAGET, M.P. for Nottingham, said that the idea that that town was worse than other places was erroneous, and there was no place where the wages of workmen were so large. The Rev. Mr. STEINTHAL read a clause of the Local Act, and on behalf of Miss Carpenter, who took a great interest in the matter, mentioned that girls in her reformatory had been waylaid and taken away from Bristol, Mr. STAMFORD RAFFLES said that the difference of opinion between gentlemen on the local bench arose from words in the preamble of the bill, which those who refused to convict coupled with the clause. Mr. ACTON considered that wages had nothing to do with the matter when it was a question between earning a'few pence and as many pounds. Neither Nottingham ,nor Liverpool were worse than London. The more he discussed the matter the less magisterial would he be. After some further discussion upon this subject,. Mr. ACTON read a remedies;'aper " On Illegiti m acy ; _ conse quences and in which ho t r aced the c areer c the falling woman, connecting with the destitution thatte followed loss of service and the absence of frie ndl y procuring abortion, which was not very general) and child murder, the extent of which was appalling ; and to p revent this crime and all accompaniments of the woman's misfor tune, rather than to unduly comm i sera te her, he suggested the adoption of a course of treatment (s uch as employing them as wet nurses) which would enable her•to regain her position in society, and punish her seducer ; and in cases of equality the influence of masters and mistresses, instead of being wasted in useless indignation , might be best enr- - ployed in promoting a marriage between the p ersons, if . would be judicious. The Rev. Dr. M'NEILE said it was the usual practice to• give way to honest and well-intentioned indignation, in,- stead of making the best of a bad case and endeavouring to accomplish a marriage. Much good might be done by careful consideration of a case when it came to the know ledge of a master or mistress early enough. In the discus sion they had been dealing with the lower end, of the sub ject, but as long as Seducers in high life—(hear, ; b ear ) am aristocratic seducers—(hear) —who had money at' cu itnd were: received as patterns in society--(hear, attar) SO long as our ladies of rank and fashion and station would. receive seducers—men known to be such—into their draw ing rooms, they toiled in vain at the lower end. Those young gentlemen, whether military or otherwise, who had money to spare, and availed themselves of their position in society, their good looks and opportunities to give enor mous sums of money, such as induced people to keep these great houses open at an enormous expense —those were the first culprits ; those were the nuisances of society, and he hesitated not to denounce them as those vile insects of tropical climes that infect where they fly and poison where they repose. (Hear, hear.) If it were possible to have an exceptional case of legislation against the feeling of the whole country, he should rejoice in seeing a law enacted for corporal punishment on seducers ; there would be just retribution in it, for an illegitimate and unlawful animal indulgence should be visited with lawful animal suffering, After considerable discussion, Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that in the present state of his opinions he should be sorry to give a positive decision. The question was one involved in difficulty. It seemed at first dreadful that the seduced should have all the penalty, shame, and loss, and none attach to the seducer—(hear, hear)—but there were cases in which the woman was quite as culpable as, if not more so, than the man, as where she was older, and had led him to imprudence. His lordship thought it would be of very little use if any one were to propose corporal punish ment in Parliament. (Laughter.) The Rev. Dr. M'NEILE—I am afraid so, my lord. Lord J . RussELL—The two Houses would be little likely to adopt such a suggestion. (Laughter.) The Rev. Dr. AVNEILE—I am afraid, my lord, some of the offenders are there. (Renewed laughter.) Lord J. RussELL—One has heard a conversation in the House of Lords that would seem very much to confirm that suspicion. (Laughter.) With regard to Mr. Acton's paper, in a family where there are five or six maid-servants it would be said those who conducted themselves properly were more considered than those who had gone astray. There was considerable defect in the law. It occurred to him several years ago when the law was more severely adminis tered. A Scotch judge passed sentence of death on a young woman for child murder, and his lordship or the Secretary of State recommended the severe commutation of five years' solitary imprisonment, after which the young woman was released, and he was now informed she had married in Glas gow and was conducting herself respectably. He did not think tie law ought to affix capital punishment to the mur der of children under a certain age, say six Months ; he could not but think that at present it tended to increase what it was „meant to prevent, by leading to acquittals and light p unishments. He thought Q ueen Ch ar l o tt e ' s Hos positia had done well to admit single young women into its benefits, and any charity which followed its example would act usefully. With the exception of a change in the severity of the law, the law could not do much. The discussion to day upon both papers had been instructive, and he hoped they might arrive soon at some approximation to a solution of this most important question. (Applause.) Several other interesting papers were read, including one by Mr. C. Molly, on " The street drinking Fountains," and y, Mr. . Broome, of the Temple-gardens (by another Mr. Steinthal), which protracted the proceedings until five o'clock. FROM THE GAZETTE OF YESTERDAY. WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, OCT. 15. • • 3d Regiment of Light Dragoons—Lieutenant Charles Tal bot Goff to be Captain, by purchase, vice Sitwell, who retires; Cornet John Ormsby Phibbs to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Goff. 13th Light Dragoons—James White, Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase,'vice Lethbridge, promoted. Royal Artillery—The Undermentioned Gentlemen Cadets to be Lieutenants :—Lionel Gye, Charles Henry Hamil ton, Ashton John Shuttleworth, Albert Lake Collins Smithett, John Robert Jennings Bramly, A rc hib a ld William Frederick Camphell, Lionel Herbert Noyes, George Walter Charles . Rothe, Basil de Beauvoir Tupper, Henry 'Hills Goodeve. To be Quartermaster and Commissary of Store—Quartermaster-Sergeant G. Marvin, vice Oliphant, who retires upon half-pay. Royal Engineers—Second Captain C, C. Chesney to be Captain, v ice Mann, placed upon the seconded list ; Lieut. W. J. Stuart to be Second Captain, vice Chesney. The undermentioned Gentlemen Cadets to be Lieu tenants, with temporary rank :—Richd. Harry Williams, J asper Gustavus Silvester Davies, Edmund Donougl Collins O'Brien. 3d Regiment of Foot—Ensigte. Bury David Wright to be Lieutenant, - without purchase ; Sergeant-Major Henry Manning to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Wright; Lieut. Alfred Benwell - Letts to be Adjutant, vice T. A. Cox, promoted ; Lieut. H. A. A. Breedon to be Instruc tor of Musketry, vice Letts, appointed Adjutant. 4th Foot —Ensign Oswald Robert Middleton to be Lieu tenant, by purchase, vice Grinlinton, who retires. Bth Foot —Ensign James Seeger Wheeley to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Longfield, promoted. 18th Foot—The promotion of Major Alex. Neil Campbell, to, be Lieutenant-Colonel, without purchase, as stated in the Gazette of April 13, 1858, to be antedated to March 9, 1858, the antedate not to carry back pay. 19th Foot—Lieut. George Hewetson Reynolds, from the Prince of Wales's Own Donegal Militia, to be Ensign, without purchase. 23d Foot—Brevet -Major Charles S. S. Evans Gordon, from the 76th Foot, to be Captain, vice Geddes, who ex changes; Paymaster John Argon has been removed from the service, her Majesty having no further occasion for his services. 1.858, as 24th Foot—The promotion of Captain John Henry Lut man to a. majority without purchase, to bear date 17th April, 1858, instead of 27th May, previo us ly stated. 25th Foot —Ensign John Stubbs to be Lieutenant, with out purchase ; Lieut. Thomas Winter Sheppard to be Adjutant, vice Hallowes, promoted in the 18th Foot. 45th Foot —Ensign Arthur G. Smith to be Lieutenant, without purchase; Lieut. Richard Blair to be Adjutant, vice Barnes, promoted in the 14th Foot. 52d Foot —Captain William Corbett to be Major, without purchase, vice Vigors, who retires upon full pay; Lieut. Walter James Stopford to be Captain, without purchase, vice Corbett. 60th Foot—Lieut. John Charles Marlette, from the 2d Royal Lanark Militia, to bo Ensign, without purchase, vice Campbell, promoted. 72d Foot--Sergeant-Major Thompson to be Ensign, with out purchase, vice Bamfield, promoted in the 11th Foot. 76th Foot—Captain John Geddes, from the 23d Foot, to be Captain, vice Brevet -Major Gordon, who exchanges. 91st Foot—Lieutenant Henry William Gregg to be Captain, without purchase, vice Gordon, deceased; Ensign Chas. Holloway to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice rgg. 95th Foot—Ensign Edward W. Bennett h as been permitted -- ic;leSign his Commission. 98th Foot —Ensign George Thomas West to be Lieutenant, — without purchtise. 99th Foot—Capt. Lewis Xavier Leslie from half-pay 14 th Foot, to be Captain, vice Grime, retired upon full-pay; Lieut. Joseph Dinham Molson to be Captain, by pur chase, vice Leslie, who retires. 3d West India Regiment—Sergeant John Croly, from the 14th Foot, to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Mahon, promoted. Ceylon Rifle Regiment—Ensign William Biddulph Pin chard to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Gorman, promoted in the 14th Foot. Major Abraham Collis Anderson, upon half - pay STAFF. Unat tached. to be Fort Major, Edinburgh Castle, vice Brevet Major William Spring, who has retired upon full pay. BREVET. Lieut.-Col. Charles Herbert, C.B , 75th Foot, having completed three years' actual service in the rank of Lieu tenant-Colonel, to be Colonel in the Army, under the Royal Warrant of Oct. 6, 1854 ; Brevet-Lieut.-Col. Joshua Allen Vigors, retired, full-pay 52d Foot, to be Ca Colonel inewis the Army, the rank being honorary . only ; Captain L Xavier Leslie, 99th Foot, to be Major in the Army. COMMISSIONS BY LORDS LIEUTENANT. Bart. County of Dorset—Sir Molyneux Hyde Na , pean, to be Deputy Lieutenant ; Francis Bisse tt Hawkins, Esq., M.D.; to be Deputy Lieutenant. Dorset Regiment of Militia —Henry Churchill Gould, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Symonds, re signed; David Alexander Forbes, Gent., to be Ensig,n, to complete the establishment. 3d Regiment of the Royal Surrey Militia—Courtenay Forbes Te7y, Gent., to be Ensign. 6th Regiment of Royal Lancashire Militia —Lieutenant Roger Forrest to be Captain, vice Amiel, resigned Royal Wiltshire Militia —Henry John Apse,Ph Esq., Her to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Baker, resigned e bert Brooke, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Wemys.s, promoted. ed• E • Royal Montgomery Rifles—Lieutenant Richard Tan field 'Vatchell to be Captain, vice Jones, re ,Ensign James Duncan Thomson to be Lieutenant, vice Vatchell, promoted. • fl es —Lloyd Price to be Lieu isenawsloante, Royal Carmarthenshiro R ues-- tenant, tenant, vice J. Thirlwall, resigned. Artillery —S econd Lieutenant vip John Hampshire Militia Artille Annesley Brownrigg to be First Lieutenant , resigned. withß. Murchison therank Lieutenant 58t 58tr i R li e ti gi a— me A n d t i , ti t t o gsnetrvKe of Cap tain, from the Ist August, 1858. MEmonAxnum.—Shropshire Militia—Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to accept the resignation of the Commission-held by Ensign Coyne. BANKRUPTS. Leeds, fiel Oct.d 2N6oavn.dlNaonvd. Peter Foster, ship-balder, Sunderland, to surrender, Oct. 22 at half-past eleven, and Dec. 2at twelve, at the Newcastle. istrict Court. ni reed: cam a s e tl i s n 'e tri g9 ; c r il t , Court. 29,at Mattheweleven,atte thes, 22, j. g aa e m t or e e g l s e e v p il e a c k ft in ' ? s t: i hF u L c " t e j e o d u s ee D r : s o tn ro c e t er C s o ,.. urt. hall-court, Poultry, Oct. 27, at half-past twelve, and Nov: 29, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy Charles Colls and John Lowe, bankers, St. Swithin's lane, Oct. 30 and Dec. 3, at eleven, at the Court of Bank ruPolin Brown, draper, Bradford, Oct. 22 and Nov. 25, at g r C e o c u e 1 ; Edenham, Lincolnshire, t , . t eleven, NoAnnv.2 matt and a ra t the r L , ea e t teGdsooD half-pastd i a s e t r r District ten, at the Shire-hall, c, Notting ham. BANK OF ENGLAND. An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth Victoria, ca p. 32, for-the weekending on Wednesday, the 13th day of October,-1868 : ISSUE DEPARTMENT. Notes issued .... , .£33,338,10,0 Government Debt £11,015,100 Other Securities .. 3,459,900 Gold Coin & Bullion 18,863,860, Silver Bullion .... £3.3,338,8G0 £33,338,8601 BANKING DEPARTIINNT. Proprietors' Capi- Government Secu tal £14,553,000 Mies cincluding Rest Public Deposits (in- nutty) .......... £10,809,467 eluding Exdie- Other Securities .. 14,817,709 quer, Savings' Notes . . ........ 12,137,740 missioners of Na Banks, Commis- Gold • and Silver - tional Debt, and Coin ............ Dividend Ac counts) 5 ,35 6 ,897 Other Deposits 14,569,366 Seven Day _ and other Bills ... 633,131 827,272 £38,393,047 Dated Oct. 14, 1858. 3 1 1 1 . 31 X 38,308, 0 17 ARSIIALL, Chief Cashier. • - AVERAGE PRICE 'OF SUGAR. The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com puted from Returns made in the week ending the 12th day of Oct., 1858 exclu.sive of the duties of Customs paid or payable thereon, on the importation thereof into Great Britain : Per cwt. . , From the British possess.ions JP, America • . 27s 4d MuscoValo, the produce of the. Mauritius .. 26 s ld Muscotado, the pirodude of the East Indies.. 2'7s 7dl A ve rage price of the foregoing „ ,r , , 274 54 CO UNTR V MARKET S. LIVERPOOL—OcT. 15. The arrivals from Ireland and coastwise since Tussal have been liberal of oatmeal, but otherwise light. F 5 foreign ports we have received only 45 qrs wheat, 2 , t qrs rye, 1,014 sacks and 6,446 barrels flour. The e go: 3 in the same time comprise 1,130 qrs wheat, 800 qrs 031 c' 911 sacks and 393 barrels flour. There has not beenlq c , doing in the trade during the past two days, but p% have been generally supported in the sales made. At t v day's market there was a thin a tte n d ance o f b u y er s ; . lo ta ever, a moderately consumptive demand was experiene th e for wheat at late rates. Barrel flour in request, and turn dearer. Oats, with a slow sale, were again easie r . buy-3s 5d per 451 b being the extreme value of best lila mealers. Oatmeal, however, with a fair sale, maintsir!, lo its value. I n b ar l ey an d peas no a lt erat i on, but EgYrr beans were fully 6d lower. Indian corn continues 11 ,, glected, and to fo rce sales lower prices would have to u" submitted to. WAKEFIELD--OcT. 15. We have fair arrivals of grain this week. Wheat is' b-,, e14 firmly for the extreme prices of last F r id a y, b u t m ill e rs n fine their purchases to their immediat e requ i remen ts, I:I; the trade is slow. Fine barley maintain s it s pice • 1,7, sorts in very limited demand. Beans is per qr:lo Oats and shelling a dull sale, and rather cheaper. Averages for the week : Wheat 4,320 qrs., at 43s 7d 8ar1ey.........1,407 „ 3ss 10d Oats 47 ~ 33s Od Rye — I, .-s Od Beans Peas ' .. ----; „ . ! „ , 1 , —s Od " Arrivals this week :-- -' . . Wheat ' 6,042 qrs. Oats Barley . Beans .. 268 .__ _ Rapeseed' • Linseed • • • 651 • RIP ON-0 cT. 14. .. • The price of wheat has been firm to-day, and for e a qualities for seed an advance of from is to 2s per qr. Y 7. obtained.. Oats n slow. sale. Barley was in fair deela i ti The following were the quotations this morning wheat, 48.6 d to 5s 6d; white, Ss 6d to 5s 9d ; barley iv* 36s Od per qr.; oats, 24s Od to 30s. EXETER—OcT. 15. We have to report a small supply of wheat at mar d, and prices ruled about the same as last week. The tidal ante of farmers was numerous. Wheat, white.. 5s 3d to 5s 6d Barley.. Ditto red 5 8 Od t o 5 s 3d I Oats ..... ....2 4 s s 9d dd to t o 4 38 a Flour, fine, 30s t o 31 s ; seconds, 29s to —g per sack:A CATTLE. -The mark e t was fairly supplied with attiv but business app eare d to b e small. to 6d Fat beef, p scor e , 10 s to 10s6d Ewes, per lb ... • or carcases, do 8s to 9 s Od W et h ers, d 0. ..... 61d to Lambs, per lb ..0d to Od Fat calves, d0....6 0 t o Rough fat, 4d per 061 BRISTOL SUGAR—Our. 15. ter# The market is still e xcee di ng l y qu i et, b ut as imPO,- r 4l refrain from supplying the offi ces w ith samp l es , and ter not submit to any further decline in prices, we do not to, d quotations this week. Holders of floating cargoes havi e j, reduced their pretensions, rather more business has resini and two of Havannahs, consisting together of 4,500 b°'„ ( l have found buyers here since our last at 27s for No. 9,,/ Jo 32s 6d for No. 141, b o th f u ll y i nsured. Refiners' Rrof.of has been more fr ee ly d ea l t i n, b ut pr i ces show no sigma improvement. Rum quiet, but firm. .RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR, THE WEEK. Miles fled: 1858. 1857> 334 103 1,147 .423 2,541 1,325 7,376 13,435 1 1, ' 7,297 7 , , 257 352 233 325 1,421 1,678 1, ! 1,914 •1, 590 - 1,124 1, 9 59 1,051 P l 27,424 2 6, 325 " 5 - 01 6,243 6 , „, 3 1 6,953 6 10 3, 313 088 703 1, -.K 7,346 8, 1 28,325 20 , 1,510 6,496 31,671 2 3 210 ,763 _ 302 543 8,168 8, 1 ., 21,211 '227 ' fit 4,, 477 58 1:3 8 6 1 6 7 t 34 17,051' 15, 13 16 19,174 16',', 875 1,977 " 10,415 11,! 955 35,162 3 4, ' 6, 141 - 1,406 L: 2,241 g , 3,225 1,390 5,631 649 37,823 2,318 6,901 4,650 Railways. Ballymena and Portrush Bedale and Leyburn Belfast and Ballymena Belfast and County Down Birkd., Lanc., &Ches. June Blyth and Tyne Bristol and Exeter Caledonian Ches.&Holyhead(withMold) Cockermouth & Workington Cork and Bandon Cork, Blackrock, & Passage Deeside Dublin & Belfast Junction Dublin and Drogheda...., Dub. & Wicklow(in.Kingst.) Dundalk and Enniskillen Dundee and Arbroath Dundee, Perth, & Aber. Jun East Anglian . . E.Counties,Nrik., .&E.Union East Kent E .Lancashire(in.Blackburn) Edinburgh and Glasgow Edinburgh, Perth,& Dundee Forth & Clyde Junction Furness Glasgow & South-Western Great Northern Great North of Scotland Gt,Southn. & Westn.(lrind ) Great Western Hull and Holderness Inverness & Aberdeen Juno Irish South-Eastern Killarney Junction Lancaster and Carlisle (in Kendal and Windermere) Lane. & Yrks.(in.Blackburn) Limerick and Foynes Llanelly London & North-Western London and Blackwall London & South-Western Lond. Brighton, & S. Coast L'derry and Enniskillen Lond., Tilbury, & Southend. l Man.,Sheffield, & Lincolnsi Manch. S.Jun.& Altrincham M Monkland n.AdveCsatrnl.isoLind. Mo l a d d n r rf n n: d d u r t Gti a itsii. & Canal Newcastle and Carlisle...., Newport,Abcrg.,& Hereford North British (in. Dalkeith) North Devon . ..... . North-Eastern... North. London •... . North Stafford;hire North-Western .. . .. . N. Yorkshire and Cleveland Oxford, Wore., & Wolver Peebles ............. St. Helen's Canal &Railway Scottish Central ..... Scottish North-iastern Shrewsbury & Birmingham Shrewsbury and Chester Shrewsbury & Hereford Shropshire Union South Devon ..... South-Eastern „. South Wales S. Yorkshire and River Dun Stockton and Darlington Taff Vale Ulster Ulverstone and Lancaster Vale of Nedth Wallington and Stockport Waterford and Kilkenny..: Waterford and Limerick West Cornwall. W. Hartlepool Harbr.&RaiL Whitehaven Whitehaven & Furness Jun. W'haven,Cleator,&Egrmnt. FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Antwerp and• Rotterdam • Austrian, ..... . . j Belgian Eastern unction Buffalo and Lake Huron Detroit and 3 lilwaukie ..... Dutch Rhenish . . ...... . .. Grand Trunk of Canada..... Great Indian Peninsula... Great Luxembourg Great Western of Canada L ombardo -Venetian • Lyons and Geneva Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant Maria Anton la• Northern of France Norwegian Trunk Paris, Lyons, & - Mediterrn Paris and Orleans Paris and Strasburg Royal Dani5h........... Sambre and Meuse ..... . Southern of France West Flanders W. and N.W. of France 1858. 118 1:11 11 31 671 489 191 111 142 183/ 283 53 229 466 724 9 233 1.4 94 115 29& 48 .r 7 301 1 171/ 108 116 ' 727 .261. 161 'l9B-t 849. 1.;30 1857. 117 1981 94 8 20 40 1 35 171 31 671 489 •183} 283 531 203 466 100 299 2 183 60 174 28 5671 177 720 9 233 '''43 o 'O l ' 1 '0 115 29i 5, 56 ! 29 301 171 108 116 192 1,746 1, 3,285 3 ;', 4,013 3, : 1,824 I, ' 3070 3,( , 1 , 791 I,', 925 3,064 25,159 7,086 2,848 6,841 4,037 1,618 v ;il 9 t, 3 4 21,1) ' b f~~ 414 1,680 373 1,1 7 64. . 42 " 3,635 3, " 605 509 9 32,163 362 1,539 2,385 %1 3,023 8,452 1,708 " I,B`l. 1,01 9,835 MG; 10,827 4,783 8,510 402', 574 44 781 771 791 302 ,ji 48,172 577 71,872 6 3, ' 48,855 47,% .48,298 45, '537 t 1,263 I,il „,' 12,7 9,r -963 92 40,673 38,6( (ADVE RTISEMENT.)—Far superior in quality than 3 % other, and safely packed in tin canisters, are Du BarrL, Best Purified P ear l B ar l ey an d G roa t s , b e i ng espe cial:4 adapted for Barley Water, Gruel, light Puddings, and breakfast an d supper f oo d f or i nva lids and children. IL, deleteriou s p r i nc ipl es ha v i n g been re move d from them VJ Du Barry's Patent Machinery, they are invaluable in c ola s t influenza, and for strengthening the delic a te. I n canister s 6d. ; 11b., ls. ; 61b., ss. ; 121 b„ 10 s . B a rry Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London, and through grocers and chemists. BIRTH S. OGlLvit.—On the 14th inst., at 1, Waterfield-terrac e ' Blackheath, Mrs. Lindsay Ogilvie, of a daughter. PLUMMER.—On the loth inst., in London, Mrs. Scot,' Plummer, of a daughter. ROSE.—On the 15th inst., at Stamford-hill, Mrs. Alextul der Rose, of a daughter. WELDON.—On the 14th inst., at 3, Sydney-place, OnslovP square, the wife of the Rev. George W. 'Weldon, 8. 14 "'' of a son. WOODHOUSE.- , --011 the 15th inst., at 8, Montagu-plo y ' Bryanston-square, th e w if e o f H enry R . Woodhouse' Esq., of a son. MARRIAGES. BLIG H — ARMYTAGE.—On the 14th inst., at St. Michael% Chester-square, the Hon. Henry Bligh, brother of the Earl of Darnley, to Emma, youngest daughter o f Col. Henry Armytage, of Broomhill-bank, Kent. WILKINSON—WALL.—On the 14th inst., at the pa rish church, St. Marylebone Philip Wilkinson, Esq., e` Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park, to. Emily, the eldest daughter of Thomas Senior Wall, Esq., of 1, Kiibttrn Priory. • DEATHS. BAXTER. —On the 13th inst., at Lewes, Warner Richard son, second son of Mr. W. E. Baxter, proprietor of the Sussex Express, aged 13. CALDWELL.—On the 16th inet., at his residence, Marl borough-buildings, Bath, Sir Henry John Caldwell, B t ' , aged, 57. GLADSTONE.—On the 12th inst., at Blackheath, William Gladstone, Esq., Deputy-Inspector of Hospit. ol4 and Fleets, aged 86. InvlNG.—On the 13th inst., at Streatham, Harriet, widos°, of the late Rev. M a tth ew Irving, D.D., late Canon of Rochester, aged 70. METCALFE.-- . -On the 14th inst., at 4, Lansdowne-place , Blackheath, John Gibson Metcalfe, Esq., aged 39. MORTIMORE.—On the 14th inst., at Champion-hill, Sllr rey, William Mertimere, Esq., aged 58. LONDON : Printed and Published by MUItDO YOUNG , Of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 1 1 1 Strand, in the P rec i n ct of th e S avoy ,- i n the county ° N:ddlesex, Saturday, October 16, 1858, ex' Tc th 4 yai of ti I - 'C tat„ Emp SUL Ti Sarni John , F.] ITCSE The in 31 Polk take out i 18:V 3 811 381: I 18:i: The Intel every Its Amou Its Tit( Ab 4 Sin upwa For Chair TI llav ( of atti an( Coy iNcoi 1. 00(1 th but th e n Su MO4 CI ip( ten orde hum and,