The Sun. — London, England, 1860-04-05 00:00:00

CANTERBURY HALL ING, CONCERTS.- THIS EVEN LIICREZIA BORGIA, (Donizetti). Donna Lucretia .... Miss Russell. Mafflo Orsini Mrs. Anderson. Gennaro Mr. Henry Herbert. Don Alfonso Signor Tivoli. Conductor—Mr. Jonghmans. Comic Vocalists—Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. hackney. Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified. and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tits DAY. Morning, lh. Sm.—Afternoon, lh. 9m, To-uos.Row.-Morning, lh. 50m.—Afternoon, 2h. 10m, THE POST-OFFICE AND NEWSPAPERS. Scarcely a clay elapses that we do not receive complaints of newspapers missing, being toe late, or arrking several posts be hind time. This is an intolerable nuisance to our subscribers, and is, besides, highly prejudicial to ourselves. Where rests the evil ? It is idle to complain, for polite answers and promises avail nothing. Surely Sir Rowland Hill will have some merciful consideration, and endeavour to redress the grievance. It is a double griev ance, for we are made to pay for not send ing the paper, which is often kept back till next morning, which loses a day to our subscribers; who truly say that old news is ne news, causing anger rather than benefit. If the General Post-office be not large enough, then extend it, or build another capacious enough for every purpose, be the cost what it may. It will serve for all time. We make this suggestion in a spirit of good-will, and hope that good may come of it. Sun Office, April 4, 1860. It is now some years since we first drew atten tion to a promising young company, entitled the Madras Irrigation and Canal Company, for the construction of works of irrigation, &c., in the dis trict of Orissa ; and we are truly glad that such Company has now attained, through the patronage of the public and the favour of Government, a very enviable position in its career of success. Not only have the promises held out been more than realised, but the example has stimulated a corresponding spirit of enterprise, not only in this country but also in India. Nor is this to be wondered at. All that capital in this country wanted was a fair field for remunerative investment, and the broad awl fertile regions of Hin dostan presented that desideratum. Though blesses by nature with ever-teeming products of what a genial climate can produce, it yet labours under certain disadvantages which militate considerably from the bounties of Nature; and these consist principally from the parched character of many parts of the soil. Like the wind, the sun warms, but it also dries up and burns the surface of the land to very pulverised dust. Nor could this be helped or avoided by any ingenuity hitherto brought to bear, for no cloud-spread umbrella could over shadow the land of the Sun. Like Egypt, it was fertile to a tenfold degree ; but, unlike Egypt, it had not an annual overflow of the reinvigorating waters of the Nile to restore its parched fecundity. True, the Monsoons came periodically, but not to nourish gradually the surface of the waste —no, they were a waste of waters in themselves, precluding real benefit by the violence of their precipitancy and scouring away the very soil they were sent to cherish. Like the avalanche they overwhelmed the village confiding under the shelter of its shadow. But now art has taken a wise lesson from na ture, for, indeed, almost all our arts are but copies of the true original ; and the enterprise of the Madras Company suggested the fruitful idea of imitating the natural overflow of the Nile by a system of irrigation, so as to replenish the vigoir of the parched surface to its natural fecundity, and thus restore the desert to become the fruitful gar den of man, and spread the benefits of agriculture hand in hand with the blessings of civilisation. The success of this first enterprise is but the be ginning of a new era in the history of the'land of plenty—a land which only needed the ingenuity of mind and the auxiliary aid of machinery to set an example whose benefits will confer blessings on generations yet unborn, and bring the starving sterility of vast regions into boundless plains of cultivation, enriching the capitalist and recom pensing the labourer. In another part of The Sun we publish a memo rial which the Cotton Supply Association have addressed to Sir CHARLES WOOD the secretary of State for India, calling his attention to the extensive area embraced by British India, and the enormous extent of works of public utility required to place that territory in even a proper state in order that its resources may be fairly developed. The memorial goes on to say that it is manifestly impossible for the Govern ment by its own e ff or t s t o e ff ec t muc h in that direction, whilst it is equally clear that the surplus capital of free enterprise of England, if made avail able, will, with rapidity, supply all those of such works as do not of necessity and exclusively belong to the operations of Government. It then dwells on the stupendous benefit a speedy and exten sive construction of works of the nature re ferred to in various parts of , India would produce to the co tton trade, and therefore to the general cominunif,y of this country ; it i s diffi cult to overrate t he numerous civili s ing influ ences and solid: advantages which would thereby necessaril) j flow to the native Population, and especially wh( in accompanied by the introduc tion there of a larg ;4) body of English civil engineers and others, of ski) J and education, such as would be employed by pi rate companies." There can be no doubt whatever of the benefits that would re sult to India, and likewise to England—the more especially as the free growth of cotton would relieve us from our uncertain and perilous dependence upon the slave States of America. All that the memorialists ask should be freely granted by our Government, for it is clear that the surplus private capital, skill, and energy of Great Britain are capable of producing such works as may be required with a rapidity and advantage as will redound to the honour of the country, and diffuse such unlimited blessings on the native po pulation as will for ever put an end to rebellion, and render India another name for freedom and ha• opiness. The news from India are very favourable. The introduction of a paper currency seems to afford universal satisfaction—so far as the matter is yet comprehended. It only wants time to work out beneficially. Mr. WILSON is said to have brought a little Saxon energy to the work of regeneration in the financial difficulty that so long beset the land. He finds the deficit of the current year to be £8,241,019, and the estimated deficit of 1860-61 £6,500,000 ; and to the task of meeting the latter his budget is directed. He tells us at starting that he does not proposeto rely wholly upon fresh taxes for the purpose. The military expenditure is to be largely reduced ; the civil will not bear it. The army is to be relieved of all civil duties that it may gain in efficiency what it loses in point of numbers ; and, beyond the very import ant reduction effected hereby, he proposes an amended tariff Act, a license tax, a tobacco tax, and an income tax. The income tax is to be levied by the aid of runchayets, or by such means as the local executive of each district may direct ; a very important and very wise determination. The rates are, as stated in our last issue, 2 per cent. upon incomes of £2O to £5O; 4 per cent. upon incomes above £5O. " The continued exemption of indigo from ex port duty, and the raising of the import levy upon yarns from 5 to 10 per cent., have created consider able remark ; but it is not likely that any active opposition will be raised to any part of the budget. " The plan proposed by Mr. Wilson for a State. paper currency is stated in a telegraphic message from our special correspondent to be the following:— " The present issue of notes by the Bank of Bengal, the Bank of Madras, and the Bank of Bombay is to cease. " ' Commissioners are to be appointed to control the new issues of State notes, which may be had for cash at all treasuries. " Notes issued from district treasuries will be conver ible on demand at those treasuries, and at the Presidency treasury also. " Notes issued from the Presidency treasuries will be convertible thereat alone, and will not be payable at district ,reasuries. " As security against these notes, every treasury is to retain one-third the amount of its issues in cash, the re maining two-thirds are to be invested in Government secu- rities. " The profits accruing from the issue are to belong to the State. "' There is to be a uniform State paper currency, the notes constituting a legal tender. They are to vary in amount from sr. to I,ooor. " ' India to be divided into circles. The notes issued in each circle to be also a legal tender at the Presidency of that circle. " An Issue Commissioner to be appointed for each Pre sidency, and a Deputy Commissioner for each circle. These officers to be responsible only to the (Home) Council for India—not to the Indian Government. " ' The reserve of coin is to equal one-third of the issue. " ' Merchants' bullion immediately exchangeable for notes on the Treasury. " ' There is not to be a gold currency.' " The insurrection in Spain has ended almost be fore it began. ORTEGA, the Governor of the Balearic Isles, who landed at the head of his troops, had to fly from the vengeance of his own men, who on finding they were deceived became infuriated, and instead of answering to his appeal of " Long life to CHARLES V 1.," shouted " Vivas for the QUEEN!" The quarterly report of Dr. LETHEBY, which we publish in another column, contains some striking features. The health of the immense population of this vast metropolis can never be a matter of indif ference, and the careful analysis of the average numbers, by a man whose ability and experience qualify him for the task, affords a good test of the efficiency of our sanitary regulations, and the gene ral wellbeing of the community. Notwithstand ing the unsatisfactory statistics of the health of London, which we gather from the Registrar- General's weekly report, Dr. LETHEBY'S returns, at first sight, seem to indicate an improvement in the public health. On a closer examination, how ever, the facts do not bear the same aspect. In the course of the last ten years the average number of births in the quarter within the city has been 935, and the deaths 838. In the quarter which has just closed the respective numbers were 852 and 828. It is therefore evident, as Dr. LETHEBY stated, that the reduction of the death rate has been much less in proportion than the reduction of the birth-rate, and this indicates, he tells us, " not merely a great falling off in the num bers of the population, but also that the season has been unusually unhealthy. In the central and western divisions of the City, for example, the deaths have exceeded the births in a rather large proportion, for in the former the deaths were 280, and the births but 269; and in the latter the deaths 242, and the births only 219 ; besides which it will be remarked that in every one of the city sub-districts, excepting the north and south divi sions of the Western Union, the births are greatly below the averages for the season, and even in these divisions they have risen but from 210 to 219." These facts Dr. LETHEBY considers to be significant not only of a fluctuation in the number of the population, but a change in its character. The inference he draws from them is that some parts of the City are becoming so exclusively devoted to trading and commercial purposes that they shut out that portion of the community which maintains its numbers. This is a state of things scarcely desirable, but it is the natural, and perhaps inevitable result of the immense amount of trade and traffic ca rried on within the limits of the Cit y . Th e great a nd lamentable inc rease of w as also alluded to b y Dr. LETHE BY , who ho smallpoxstated that his attentiox was still directed to the progress of this disease, and to the examination of the pro tective power of vaccination. The increase of deaths from seven to twenty-two gave, he asserted, inquiries prove idea of the great preva lence of the malady. The statistics which he gave as the result of his prove that of the fatal cases 70 per cent. had not been protected by vaccination, and of the recoveries 72 per cent. had. The beneficial effects of vaccina tion can therefore scarcely be questioned, in dimi nishing the terrors of the disease, if not altogether removing the danger of infection. Unfortunately a strong prejudice appears to linger among the lower classes respecting it, and while this is the case there is little hope of the extinction of the malady. The meteorological statistics given in the report are very interesting, as exemplifying the great in fluence exercised by the changes of temperature upon the general health. It appears that the ave rage temperature of the quarter has been 40.6, which is nearly the mean of the last 43 winters ; but this average has not been maintained, for dur ing the month of January the temperature was • nearly 5'5 degrees above the average, and late in the below it. The daily range has quarter as far • - ••• Q.U.I • VA, • k mw r-f , , • biTo 7„, `,, nr • ' N.% .• THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, APRIL 5, 1860. A. MOST LAUGHABLE STEREOGRAM. lit ot APRIL, 0 MIC S U N. By CROWQUILL. Photographed by LONDON STEREOSCOPIC COMPANY, 54, CHEAPSIDE, AND 313, OXFORD-S MEET. FOST FREE FOR 18 STAMPS. MUST ORDER EARL Y • THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnckstone. On Easter Monday will be performed THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. C. Mathews, Buckstone, Compton, Chip pendale, Mrs. C. Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins. To conclude with a new fairy romance, THE PILGRIM OF LOVE. ADELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. Sole rroprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. most powerful attraction for Ehe tolidays. Ad e l Phi Drama xtra H vaganza . .0n Easter Monday, April 9, will be reproduced the popular original Adelphi drama of THE DEAD HEART. Robert Landry, Mr. B. Webster (who will make his first appearance since his return from his greatly successful provincial tour); essrs. P. Bedford, J. L. Toole , David Fisher, Stuart, C. J. M Smith, Billington, Eburne, Pow ell, Romer, Page ; MissWool gar, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw. After which (first time at this theatre), the Grand Musical Fairy Extravaganza, by .T. R. Planche, Esq., of THE FAIR ONE WITH THE GOLDEN LOCKS. King Lachrymose, Mr. J. L. Toole ; Count Pleniposo, Mr. P. Bedford; Viscount Verysoso, Mr. C. J. Smith ; Graceful, Miss Woolgar ; Queen Lnddora, Miss Emily Thorne (her first appearance at th i s theatre) ; Mollmopsa, Miss K. Kelly. Box-office open from 10 till 5 on Thursday the sth, and on Saturdathe 7th. Private boxes, £2Famil ircle y Boxes, £ 3s . Orchestra Stalls, ss. ••Balcony, 4s. • Front S talls, C 1 ; Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, is. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d. Among Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. also varied from 6 or 7 degrees of Fahrenheit to 19, ' and when this has been the case, the mortality has quickly risen. The lowest temperature in the quar ter (25.8) was curiously enough registered on the 14th of February, the day which old tradition as signs for the commencement of Spring weather. The highest temperature (56.5), as if to display to the full extent the eccentricities of our climate, was registered on the 3d of January. Truly, looking at these figures and their respective dates, we need not wonder at the perplexity of foreigners con cerning our seasons. The last table in this appendix treats of the sanitary work of the quar ter, and this is a very important branch of the re port, as it is only by the rigid maintenance of the system of inspection that we can hope to have sani tary regulations properly carried out. There appears to have been no lack of industry among the medi cal officers, for there have been, in all, 2,452 inspec tions of houses in the quarter, 798 of which have been in common lodging-houses, 232 in consequence of the appearance of smallpox, and 146 for other cases of disease, all of which have been returned in the parish books by the medical officers of the unions. That these visits of inspection have not been without benefit, is proved by the issuing of 468 orders for works of sanitary improvement, as heir results. LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : MADRID, APRIL 4. When the troops became aware that General Ortega had deceived them as to the ebject of their movement they refused to march, and to his cry of " Viva Carlos reis" they answered by shouts of " Viva, la Reina." The General took to flight, ac companied by four persons, of whom nothing is known, and was pursued by his own troops. Hopes are entertained that General Ortega will be captured. The troops whom he had misled made their sub mission to the Queen on the arrival of General Cerida. Tranquillity reigns in the Balearic Isles. No agitation prevails throughout the nation. All the deputies at Madrid have presented an address expressing their devotion to the Queen. NAPLES, APRIL 4. Factious persons have attacked the troops at Palermo, but were bravely repulsed and dispersed to the cry of " Viva it Re." The city is tranquil. PARIS, THURSDAY. A note in the Moniteur of this morning points out the happy influence exercised on the French export trade, by the treaty of commerce with Eng land especially for productions of the South, wines, spirits, and articles de Paris. The Constitutionnel publishes an article by M. Grandguillot stating that the effect of the Papal excommunication is to immediately break off the diplomatic relations between the Sovereign Pontiff and the Prince excommunicated. Nothing similar has taken place in reference to the Cabinet of the Tuileries. The object of the note in the Moniteur was not to provide against the effects of the excommunica tion, but to recall the principles of our civil inde pendence and re-establish the true doctrines of the Church of France. PARIS, APRIL 4. Despatches received here from Madrid state as follows : General Ortega had chartered two foreign vessels at Marseilles, by means of money coming from Madrid and Paris. The promoters of the re volutionary movement are not resident in Madrid. The Deputies have assembled to protest against the rebellion, and even private persons have offered their services: The whole natioa is against the rebels." BERNE, APRIL 4. The National Council, by 100 against 3 votes, and the Council of State unanimously, have voted the extraordinary powers demanded by the Fede ral Council. CONSTANTINOPLE, MARCH 28, (via Marseilles). A corps d'armee has left Monastir to encamp between Montenegro and Servia. The son of Prince Milosch has refused to comp to Constantinople to receive his investiture. The Governor of Candia has imprisoned forty two Greek priests who had declared themselves Catholics. The Ambassador of France has inter ceded in their behalf, and has invoked religious liberty, which has been promised. MALTA, MARCH 31. The Vectis, from Marseilles, arrived here yester day at 11 p.m., and sailed to-day at 4 a.m. for Alexandria. The China, from Southampton, arrived to-day at 11 a.m., and sailed at 6 p.m. for Alexandria. The Alhambra sailed to-day at 2 p.m. for Corfu. FRANCE. BOURSE, April 4.—The market opened at an advance on the closing prices of yesterday, but the improvement was not long maintained. Large sales were effected in Strasburg Railway shares, owing to a report that the dividend would not exceed 38f. Threes began at 69f. 80c., but have since declined to 69f. 55c. Mobilier varied from 780 f. to 772 f. 50c.; Lombard, 541 f. 25c. to 538 f. 75c. ; Austrian 520 f. to 517 f. 50c. ; Orleans, 1,430 f. to 1,432 f. 50c. ; Lyons, 920 f. to 917 f. 50c. ; Strasburg, 647 f. 50c. to 622 f. ; Genova, 430 f. to 445 f. The following are the last quotations :- 42 per. Cents. 96 Credit Fonder 760 Do. end month I Belgian 41 . 99 3 per Cent 5....... 69 80 Piedmontese (5) Bl 60 Do. end month.... 69 75 I R oman B2 50 Bank SharQs. ..... 2810 Austrian Credit Mobilier .. 77 3 75 Spanish Threes Do. Account ..... 782 50 Home Debt 441 IEE SUN, ' LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING APRIL 5, 1860. INDIA AND AUSTRALIA. By extraordinary express, in anticipation of the overland mail, we have received letters and papers from India and Australia. The dates are--Bombay, March 12; Melbourne, February 17; Sydney, February 13. THE MAN AND TILE SNAKE. A FABLE. (Respectfully Dedicated to the Swiss Confederation.) Once on a time, as .zEsop tolls, A hind, in winter's iron weather, Found on the bare and wind-swept fells, A snake, its mils frost-bound together. He raised the creature from the ground, And was about to fling it by, When 10, some spark of life he found Still glowing in its evil eye. The clown, whose large compassion ranged E'en to that reptile most unblest, Sudden his idle purpose changed, And placed the serpent in his breast. Under his kindly bosom's glow, Slowly the stiffened coils out-drew; The thickening blood resumed its flow, The snaky instincts waked anew. The man was glad to feel awake, The crawling life within his vest : For to have harboured e'en a snake Is pleasure in a gen'rous breast. Sudden he stops—with shriek and start ; Then falls a corpse all swoll'n and black ! The snake's fell tooth had pierced the heart, Whose warmth to life had brought it back. Well, simple Switiers, had it been, Had you of this old fable thought, When, tracked by justice, close and keen, Your mountains young Napoleon sought— Asylum 'mid their snows to claim, From France's King, against whose crown His hand had reached, with daring aim, In scuffle scufilingly put down. The shelter of your rocks you gave To him and to his desperate cause ; Nor asked, was he true man, or knave, Blameless, or guilty by the laws. Enough that harbour he required, Enough that harbour you could give : The panting fugitive respired, And 'neath your Alps was free to live. France asked him of you; you refused : She threatened ; you defied her might : For years your mountain-screen he used, Wherewith to hide his schemes of night. At length full-flushed with power he stands — Power, to your sheltering kindness due; And turns the parricidal hands Which you kept free, to strike at you ! Punch COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR CASTLE, APRIL 4. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Consort rode out on horseback yesterday afternoon, accompanied by the Prince of Wales, Princess Alice, and Prince Alfred. In attendance were the Hon. Eleanor Stanley, Colonel the Hon. A. N. Hood, Captain Du Plat, and Captain Grey. The royal dinner party in the evening included the Prince of Wales, Princess Alice, Prince Alfred, Princess Leiningen, the Dean of Windsor and the Hon. Mrs. Wel lesley, Captain Grey, and Major Cowell, R.E. The Queen and Prince Consort, accompanied by the Prince of Wales, walked in the Home Park this morning, sod visited her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent at Prop:ll°re. Princess Alice visited the Princess of Leiningen. Viscount Palmerston left London yesterday for Windsor Castle. The Duke of Newcastle left London on Tuesday evening for Clumber Park, Notts. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mrs. Gladstone left town on Tuesday evening for Brighton. The Lord Chancellor will be prevented from giving the usual reception to the judges and members of the bar at the dommencement of Easter Term. THE EX-ROYAL FAMILY OF FRANCE.—Her Majesty the Queen Marie Amelie and his Royal Highness the Duke de :Montpensier, accompanied by the Marchioness de Beauvoir, Gen. Dumas, Col. Velarde, and a numerous suite, arrived at Grillon's Clarendon Hotel, Albemarle street, last evening, from Claremont. THE LATE BARONESS STRATHEDEN.—The Lord Chancellor, Lord Stratheden, and other members of the family, left town early yesterday morning to assist at the funeral of the lamented baroness, at Hartrigge, Roxburgh shire. The funeral is appointed to take place to-day. We regret to learn of the death, on Sunday, at his residence, 9, Devonshire-terrace, Hyde-park, of Thos. Keogh, Esq., Secretary to the Board of Inland Revenue, aged 64. MARRIAGE OF MADLLE. VICTOTRE BALVE.— This favourite vocalist has just been married at St. Peters burgh to Sir John Fiennes T. Crampton, K.C.8., her Ma jesty's Minister at the Court of Russia. Sir John, who succeeded as second baronet on the death of his father, the late Sir P. Crampton, Surgeon-General to the Forces in Ire land, in 1868, was formerly Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States, and is now in his 53d year, having been born in 1807. LANCASHIRE REFORMERS' UNION.—Mr. Bright, M.P., has promised to attend and address a general meeting of members of this union, to be held in the great room of the Free-trade Hall, Manchester, on the evening of the 12th instant. Mr. Bazley, M.P. and other gentlemen, will also address the meeting upon the reform question. The ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the Western College, at Plymouth, took place yesterday, amidst much rejoicing. The college was established in 1752, to educate young men for the Christian ministry amongst Congregational Dissenters. It at present contains 20 stuents preparing for the university; and facilities are afforded for the admission of lay students. THE WAR-OFFICE.—The following is a correct list of the successful candidates for clerkships, in the order of their precedence : — R. H. Granville, H. .4. Platt, T. Briant, D. F. F. Richardson, C. Morton, S. C. Rochat, J. Young, C. L. Sutherland, E. B. Falwasser, D. Piggot, A. A'Beckett, and T. P. Hincks. The number of competitors was 50, and not 40. Mr. Glassford Bell, sheriff-substitute of Lanark.. shire, has assented to the request made to him to deliver the inaugural address on the erection of the monument at Yarrow to the Ettrick bard. The inauguration is fixed to take place on Thursday, the 28th of June. Mr. Glassford Bell enjoyed the intimacy of the poet, and was privileged with his services as one of his contributors when he edited the Literary Journal. Professor Owen delivered the ninth lecture of his course on fossil mammalia at the Museum in Jermyn-street, on Friday. Of the extinct carnivore that waged war with the abundant stocks of ruminant creatures once occupying this country, Professor Owen spoke of an ancient real " British lion," of a British bear and a hyena, the evidences of whose destructiveness are distinctly visible in the bone, caves of this country. The next lecture will be delivered on the 20th April. h p a a v ra e ti b o e n e s n a m re ad b e ein fo gn r eT th a The official programme of the arrangements which Alton Towers is published pre- utht into e . toxeter, and the Earlin the oof local Shrewsbury's papers entry Great Te d b o o b u y rh t e h e e d, in f h er ab g it i a v n in ts g of ie t a lt t on re , day's festivities. county town, at the e noble earl will give two balls in the and Shirehall, on the • , evenings of Tuesday by Wednesday next. The b the aristocracy and that on yand the leadinc , o inhabitants of the county, tradesmen. Wednesday by his lordship's tenantry and The India telegram paper currency t o be - will b© effected throughintroduced, states th a t "the issue commission ers o f th e Bank of Eng land." This is doubtles s official correspondence on thae mistake. According t o th e h a ve boon fully given in thal e bject, th e d e t a il s of which managed by commissioners specially the issue will be The Master of the Calcutta Mint willa appointed in India. will also be public functionaries. Thel'a one, and the others are simply to supply the notes.—Tinesl`3itank,lof England THE SPRING. —The fruit crop in City A rticle. neighbour hood of Southampton and throughout south of England is likely to be the larges great now par of the This arises from the backwardness of the season, n o tha y t er s* ted the trees from budding and blossominghas prevented by prema turely, and their being damaged severe weathr. The backwardness of the season is shown by the late appear ance of the nightingale this year. Woolstone, a village on the eastern bank of the Itchen, near Southampton, i s famous for its nightingales, and the night their first spring notes are heard in the beautiful woo is and gardens sur rounding Roseland, in that village, the residence of Mr. James Tucker, is always recorded by that gentleman to mark the nature of the season. Last year the nightingale was heard at Roseland on the 12th of March, while this year it was ho" Ay for the first time last Sunday, the let of AprU, ILIILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern ... 955 958 75 New ditto 865 865 Lyons and Mediterranean 921 25 .. 922 50 Geneva 415 .. 425 Southern ...... Western 590 595 Eastern Sardinias Austrian Lombard .. Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 13c.; money, 25f. 12e. ; three months, paper, 24f. 85c. ; money, 24f 82fc. THE AUSTRIAN PROTESTS. The following is the circular despatch from Count Rechberg to the representatives of Austria at the foreign Courts : " Vienna, .march 25. " In the course of last year we found it requisite on several occasions to direct the serious attention of the Ca binets to the acts of the Piedrnontese Government as tend ing to disturb violently the territorial relations existing in Italy, and to violate the treaties that form the bases of the public law of Europe. These acts have just been consum mated by the decrees of his Majesty the King of Sardinia, under date of the 18th and 22d instant, in virtue of which the States of Parma, Modena, Tuscany and the Ro magna have been annexed to Piedmont. Whilst confining himself for the moment to protesting against these acts, which overthrow, not only the political organisation of Italy, for which all the European powers co-operated in the nego tiations of 1817, but which are so many flagrant infractions of the rights particularly guaranteed by these same treaties to Austria, the Emperor, our august master, sincerely de sires to evince a moderation that doubtless will be appre ciated by the Governments that put a high value on the maintenance. " By the subjoined despatch, copy of which will be trans mitted to the cabinet of Turin through the kind medium of the Prussian Legation, we have protested against the said decrees of annexation. I beg you to read the present de spatch and the one subjoined to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and to leave copies of them with him.—Accept, &c., " RECHBERG." NAPLES. A letter from Naples, of the 28th ult., in the Debats, says : " All the reports about intervention have ceased but it must not therefore be concluded that they t were pure fabrications. We know for certain that was a strong party in the Court favourable to the enterprise, and that the King was not disin clined to listen to them. When this party saw Piedmont, by the boldness of her initiative and perseverance in her efforts, daily extending her in fluence, and at last absorb Tuscany and Emilia in her extended kingdom, they felt the folly of their counsels, and saw that their game was lost. Like bad players, they then wanted to throw everything into confusion in the hope of seizing on something in the fray. They said to the King : ' Let us in vade the Marches at once.' Fortunately for the present Neapolitan dynasty, Austria has wiser counsellors th an the King of Naples. She saw that if he ent ere d t h e lists, his ruin was certain. Aus tria acc or di ngly should not ordered that the intervention take place, and she has been obeyed." INDIA. The following are the chief items of interest from the Bombay Gazette : Accounts from all parts of India show that the financial statement has everywhere made the same favourable impression as in Bombay. To mark, as it were, how unobjectionable the changes in taxa tion are deemed, the Madras Chamber of Commerce has addressed a remonstrance to Mr. Wilson, not on account of anything he proposes to do, but because in his speech, when refuting opinions he thought un sound, he used language which implied that the merchants of Bombay and Madras had murmured against the injustice of their being taxed to pay for the suppression of the mutiny of the Bengal army. The Madras Chamber indignantly denies that such unpatriotic sentiments were everpublicly expressed in that Presidency; and Bombay is equally guilt less of such selfishness. Of the new Currency Bill the following special telegram, received by us on the 4th instant from Calcutta, gives a complete outline : " Calcutta, March 4. " Mr. Wilson's scheme of a convertible pape r currency for all India was explained by him yesterday to the Legis lative Council. A uniform paper currency, payable on de mand, to be issued by the State solely. The notes to be legal tender in every case. Notes of differ era denominations from Rs.s to R 5.1,000 to be issued. Commissioners inde pendent of orders of any Government officer to be appointed in connection with the mints of the three presidencies. India to be divided into circles, and in centre of each local branches to be placed under deputy commissioners. Notes of local treasuries to be payable both at the treasury where issued and at the presidencies. Commissioners to keep coin equal to one .third of their issues ; the remainder to be in vested in public securities. Gold standard and gold coinage condemned. Copper coins, value £lOO,OOO, ordered from England. Arrangements will be made with the presidency banks as to withdrawal of their issues. Sufficient securities provided for convertibility of notes and against forgery." There is no mention in our telegram of the amount of notes to be issued, and the only informa tion we have on this point is contained in a paragraph of the telegraphic abstract of news from England to Feb. 18, which states that notes to the value of five millions sterling will be issued immediately. The first employment of notes issued at the central and district treasuries will of course be to release the cash balances, which our clumsy financial system has hitherto made it necessary always to keep in hand. The news of the commercial treaty with France is welcome to the merchants of Bombay. They are not concerned about the wisdom of treaties of reci procity ; but it does interest them to know that cotton will henceforth pass free into France, and that other European ports, besides London and Liverpool, are opened to our trade. It is anticipated that there will now be very large shipments of cotton to Havre this year. The success of the plaintiff in the case of " Craven v. Peninsular and Oriental Company" will be fatal to the hopes of intending second-class passengers by the overland route. The "most powerful carrying in the world has given notice, we are assured, to the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company that no more second-class passengers can be taken overland, since they are not content to make the voyage from Suez to Bombay without any sleeping accommoda tion, and in the midst of dirt and discomfort. As the contract of the Peninsular and Oriental Company comes on for revision soon, some independent mem ber of Parliament may perhaps think it worth while to call attention to the singular privilege which the holders of this new and gigantic Indian monopoly enjoy, of absolutely prohibiting all men to travel by the overland route to India who will not pay first-class fare, £lOO, for the voyage. Railway companies are compelled to run third-class trains at low fares in England, and it seems a strange anomaly that there should be no restriction on the power of the Penin sular and Oriental Company to do what it likes with passengers to India. Lord Elphinstone's health, we regret to say, re- mains in so precarious a state that his Excellency will go home as soon as the necessary arrange ments can be completed. Letters from the other side of India mention the probability of Sir James Outram going to England for a time on sick leave. It gives us much gratification to learn that Sir Charles Stuart is likely to succeed Brigadier Shortt in the command of the Bombay garrison. We scarcely know whether our readers will be more pained or relieved to hear that Miss Emily Wheeler, the daughter of Gen. Wheeler, of Cawnpore, is still alive. Capt. Harvey, super intendent of the department for the abolition of Thuggee, has had communication with the un fortunate young lady, who, we understand, is so utterly broken in spirit that she entreats her friends not to seek to bring her back again, but to leave her to her wretched fate ; yet it were better surely for the poor girl herself thEc her request should not be complied with. Time may obliterate the remembrance of even her sorrows, and it were no real kindness to her to obey what wild wishes her present morbid nervousness of feel- ing may suggest. It is necessary, too, that:the Go. vernment should vindicate its own dignity and jus tice by ascertaining the true particulars of this sad story, and punishing the:guilty parties with relent less severity. The Mofussilite has the following letter from Lord Clyde's camp : " There is no mistake about the order regulating the p ass ing of officers for staff appointments. It will be carried out to the very letter. Several applications have already been refused, on the ground of the applicants not having passe d. The order is applicable to every appointment. A.D.C.'s are not to be exempted. Lord Clyde says he does not care from how far north of the Tweed a man may come he will not allow him to be on the staff until he is duly qualified ; and every one soems to understand that the chief is in earnest. Captain Charles Mansfield (a brother of Sir William) has been appointed Military Secretary at Born bay." " We hear that two projects for establishing new cotton mills have been already started by native merchants. It may be interesting to our English readers to know what undertakings of this kind are actually in existence or in progress in Bombay. We have at present two companies —the Spinning and Weaving and the Oriental Spinning and Weaving-- whose mills are regularly at work, with what success may be inferred from the fact that the shares of both companies stand at from 50 to 70 per cent. premium. Besides these mills, and irrespective of the specula tions alluded to above, a small mill for 2500 throstle spindles is now, by way of experiment, in course of construction at Ahmedabad. The machinery and steam engine, boilers, &c., for the mill were all shipped in October last from Liverpool on board the Duke of Wellington, which was unfortunately destroyed by fire off the coast of Portugal. The orders were immediately renewed, and the whole of the machinery left Liverpool on the 15th of January on board the Lillydale. As soon as the mill has fairly begun to work, and is found likely to answer, the intention of the proprietors is to en large it either for spinni ng a l one or for spinning and weaving combined. The Oriental Spinning and Weaving Company proposes to enlarge their present works by building another mill for 12,096 throstle spindles and 1,440 mill spindles, for which they have ample power in the splendid pair of steam engines now in use, which far surpass any previously erected in India. By the last mail in January orders were sent home by three enterprising Parsee merchants— Dinshaw Alanockjee, his brother Nusserwanjee Manoelijee, who is at present chairman of the Oriental Spinning and Weaving Company, and Merwanjee Framjee—for the steam engine and machinery for 10,000 throstle spindles. Land has been bought for a mill, and contracts have been entered into for the building; and we understand that eventually the works will be enlarged to the extent of 10,000 mule spindles, and 420 looms for weaving all the yarn. Orders for 10 , 000 t hrostles a nd 10,000 mill spindles for another mill are being sent home. This mill is for a private company, and it will be made large enough to contain from 18 Ow t _„,000 spindles, in ease an extension of operations should seem hereafter desirable. Our Manchester friends will do well to note that the capital for all these new enterprises—with the exception of that required for the extension of the Oriental Spinning and Weaving Company's mill, which will probably all be taken up by the present shareholders—has all been already subscribed. There can be no doubt that English manufactured goods will soon have to meet a very sharp competi tion in this country, for the natives have every ad vantage on their side in so far as regards the prices of raw material and of labour. COMMtRCIAL. BOMBAY, MARCH 12. Moneycontinues in good demand, at the rates last advised of 9 per cent. for advance on cash credits with Government securities, and 10 per cent discount for three months' pri vate paper. We have again to report great languor in the inquiry for cotton piece goods, chiefly caused by the tightness of money in the bazaar. Exchange has not materially varied, and the whole of the business has been done at or about last rates. We quote 2s. lid. to 2s. lid. for first class, and 2s. lid. for document paper. CALCUTTA, MARCH 22. Government Securities-41 per Cents., 18 to 151 (?) dis.; 5 per Cents., 5 to 51 dis. ; and 51 per Cents., at par. Exchange—On London for first-class credits, at six months' sight, 2s. 11d. to 2s: lad. ; on Bombay, 99. Freights unaltered. AUSTRALIA. MELBOURNE. We extract the following summary from the Melbourne herald of Feb. 17 : The past month has been unmarked by any political incident of an unusual kind. The Nichol son Cabinet still keep their places, without any immediate prospect of their being compelled to vacate them. The parliamentary session holds on its course ; the Assembly being still engaged upon the estimates ; and the Upper House being casually occupied in dealing with measures which are either of minor interest, or which will require to be en tirely reconsidered in the Assembly. This country, in point of fact, never seemed further from a poli tical " crisis" than it does at present. To us Australians it is a perpetual source of amusement to note the ludicrous blunders which even the best informed people at home sometimes fall into, when they are speaking or writing of our affairs. Thus, we find that the Times has been recently discoursing at large on the political course •f Victoria, in a style that proves, at all events, that the clever journalist who penned the article has never been in Melbourne. He actually com mits the gross error of confounding the Legis lature of Victoria with that of New South Wales, as if they were one and the same body ! He might just as rationally suppose that Melbourne is in Sydney ; which geo graphical anomaly, indeed, appears to be pretty generally accepted in England ! The Times credits this colony with having made a patriotic demon stration of loyalty to the mother-country, on the occasion of Dr. Lang's motion for an "amicable separation" being brought forward. Will the lead ing journal, then, be kind enough to take notice that Dr. Lang is a member of the New South Wales Assembly, and has no political connection whatso ever with Victoria ; and that he never did, there fore, propose any such motion to our representatives ? The differencebetween us and our immediate neigh bours amounts to this,—that in Victoria not even one man could be found foolish enough to propose a separation from the mother country under any cir cumstances. A proposal to establish a plan of federative unity of action among these colonies, for purposes of mutual fiscal advantage, and defence against . external ag gression, has been under consideration here at inter vals for the last two or three years. It would long since have been actually realised but for the selfish jealousy of the New South Wales Government, which threw imaginary obstacles in its way. The project has just been revived in our Legislature ; and there is good reason to believe that the existing Administration in the neighbouring colony will heartily co-operate in furthering it. If so, the Fede ration idea may be considered as in a fair way to its speedy realisation. When accomplished, it will be at once a mutual bond of friendship between the colonies themselves, and a pledge of their united and perpetual loyalty to the British Crown. In a fit of prodigality the Assembly have, in one night, voted £50,000 for providing a system of water supply to the gold fields, and £30,000 for prospecting. Both votes were carried against Ministers, through a combination of the mining members with the ' Corner' and Mr. O'Shanassy's following. An effort was made by Mr. O'Shanassy, in the i Assembly, to obtain a grant of £50,000 this year in aid of assisted female immigration. We regret to say the proposition was defeated, partly through the opposition of the Government, but chiefly through the selfishness of the ultra-democratic sec tion of the house. This party, which affects to be, par excellence, the guardian of the working man's rights and interests, was furiously opposed to the ' idea of helping deserving members of the working classes at home to emigrate to this country. There was no charity amongst its members even for females to whom a gratuitous passage, to a land where easy work and good wages are courting their acceptance would be a boon. Yet it is a fact that the males in our population outnumber the females by no less than 150,000. Of course, good female servants are scarce, and in demand, at rates of wages varying from £3O to £4O a year. The want of a con tinuous flow of immigration into our territory is one of the main causes of those occasional periods of stagnation in trade and commerce, of which the mercantile community both here and at home have reason to complain. It really seems at present to be hopeless to expect anything like generous, public spirited and far-sighted legislation from our Assembly. This is one of the penalties which must everywhere be sometimes set against the en joyment of perfect popular freedom. The same extreme party in the Assembly has been making a desperate effort to vote itself pay ment for its public services, out of the public trea sury. Several acrimonious debates have taken place on the question, but as yet with a very limited share of success. It is probable enough that a general proposition, to remunerate hon. members for their services, would be affirmed by a large majority within the house, and be looked upon favourably by the mass of the people " out of doors." But public taste and public decency alike revolt against the naked motion for immediate self -payment. Hence the ultra•democrats have failedisgighntaolrlyteonf their object. After a fierce struggle of e hours the other night they barely succeeded in carry ing a resolution, affirming the expediency of indem nifying those country representatives who are obliged, at considerable expense to themselves, to live in Melbourne during the P arliamentary session. ye eager virtuale c d t e a f n e a t a t This half proposal is psopodsiesdtintchtel that it is generally su of a Treasury gratuity will withdraw their motion for the present at least. Certainly, this whole affair has tended materially to help the reaction against ultra-democracy which has been steadily working in the minds of this community ever since the last general election. The financial state and prospects of the colony continue to be of a perfectly satisfactory kind. Complaints there are of dulness in trade, and there is also a perceptible decline in the weekly returns from the gold fields as compared with those of last year. This is greatly owing to the unusually long drought, and want of water, as well as to the de mand for labour on our public works having called off large numbers from mining. But these are evidently only temporary recessions of the tidal wave of prosperity which set in with the gold disco veries. What country is the world free from them? In any ease, these transient fluctuations of prospe rity do not in any way affect the general financial position of the country. The revenue is always secure, and is amply sufficient to meet all our liabilities, including the annual interest on our allway loan. Even when pe o pl e b. ..ie complain roost loudly of stagnation in trade, and of " bad times" generally, there is never anything like positive distress to be appre hended. Of late, indeed, the number of insolven cies (so called) has been very great ; but the truth is, a vast proportion of those who file their sche dules are persons who ought never to have got into debt at all ; and who should not be released from their trifling liabilities. Others are persons with fixed or precarious incomes, not at all engaged in trade, who, through extravagance or temporary misfortune, have allowed their expenditure to outrun their income; and who " take the benefit of the Act," to shield themselves from the operation of another Act, which visits debt with imprisonment. It is needless to add that this amount of such " insolvencies" does not serve to furnish any fair criterion of the real state of things, either amongst our mercantile classes, or amongst the community at large. We are glad to be able to add here that the Go vernment has completed all the preliminaries for the purchase of the Melbourne and Geelong Rail way. As between the colony and the public cre ditor, therefore, this old subject of dissension and distrust may now be regarded as entirely closed. OUR GOLD FIELDS. Since the departure of the last mail the amount of gold exported has been 139,877 oz., making, in addition to the 34,564 oz. shipped in the first fort night of January, a total of 184,441 oz. During the same period of last year 289,273 oz. were ex ported. The difference is merely in shipments, as the quantity brought down by escort since the com mencement of the year is 222,071 oz., as compared with 246,716 oz. last year. The subjoined is the quantity delivered by escort from the beginning of the year, with the corres ponding periods of 1859-8 : 1860. 1859. 1868. Week ending Oz. Oz. Oz. Jan. 7 " 14 " 21 " 28 Feb 4 " 11 Totals 222,071 246,716 237,360 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS AT MELBOURNE. The appended statement furnishes a table of imports and axports at the port of Melbourne for the current year, as compared with similar returns for the corresponding period , of 1859 : IMPORTS. Week ended 1859. 1860. January 7 ), 14 )1 21 7 9 28 February 4 £1,412,793 EXPORTS. January 7 ... £88,484 14 71 21 „ 28 February 4 £1,366,507 NEW SOUTH WALES. (From the Sydney Morning Herald, Feb. 13.) On the 24th of January, Parliamentary proceed ings were resumed by the Legislative Assembly. The most important event in the Parliamentary history of the past month has been the retirement from the chair of the Assembly of Sir Daniel Cooper, who had filled it ever since the first representative House was elected upon the establishment of re sponsible government. Sir Daniel announced his intention of shortly visiting Europe. The Speakership of the Assembly was, on its vacation by Sir Daniel Cooper, conferred on Mr. Terence Aubrey Murray. Dr. Lang's Triennial Assemblies Bill was thrown out on the third reading by a majority of 21 to 19. The resolutions for granting a subsidy of £9,625 for a term of 15 years to a company about to be formed, which should lay down a telegraph line hence to East Java, have been further considered in committee, and some slight alterations made, the principal of which was the limitation of the term to 21 years, and the reduction from 12 per cent. to 10 per cent. as the rate of interest upon the paid-uP capital of the proposed company, the profits in ex cess of which would be applied to reduce the respec tive contributions of this colony and Victoria. The report of the committee was adopted by the house. COMMERCIAL. During nearly the whole of the month of January busi ness was very dull indeed, and the transactions that took place were only sufficient to meet present wants. Since then, however, a better feeling has been exhibited, and a greater desire has been evinced to operate in most of our markets. The flour market during the past month has been much firmer. An advance of full £1 per ton on w h a t could be obtained for flour in the beginning of the month of January has taken place. ♦le in bulk is steadYl and prices remain the same as last month. The tea market is much firmer. The advance that has taken place has been about £1 per chest. A better feeling has been evinced in the sugar market, and prices have ad vanced generally as compared with last month's rates, from £1 to £2 per ton, and have still an upward tendency. BOMBAY AND AUSTRALIAN MAILS. The following telegram has been received at Mr. Reuter's office from the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company : The Indus, with the heavy portion of the above mails, left Malta at 3 p.m. on the Ist inst. for Southampton, where she may be expected about the 11th. OUTWARD BOMBAY MAILS. The Columbian (mail of the 18th Feb.), reached Bombay on the 12th March. The Jeddo (mail of the 3d March), arrived at Aden on the 20th. AMERICA. QUEENSTOWN, MARCH 4. The Canadian mail steamer Nova Scotian, Cap tain A. Alllaster, from Portland, on the 24th ult., has arrived. Her news is partially anticipated. The North Briton had arrived out. The bill for the protection of female emigrants had been passed in Congress. The Indians were still murdering and plundering the Texans. The Governor was actively engaged in raising men, and 500 rangers were already 1 0 the field. HAVANNAH, MARcn. 19. Sugars are more active, and sales have bees made at 81c. to 9c. Freights are advancing. THE BEST POLICY.—" The vara best thing that cud happen to Mester Barber," struck in our old Scottish friend, the amicus suri c e of th e o th er d a7 , " wad be to n"' oot a gud story, and have th e va i r di c k just go agenst For you see, in that case, and if he plays his cairds ta u ' he'll marry a leddy of f or ti n ' w ithi n th e th ree mon ths afte r the advantage of siccan a trial as this. But it wadna do t° mak oot that he had bedeeveled and thumped his press 7 leddy ower much, for it's no th e p os iti ve fac of bein' w e pound ed,that is delechtful to female apprehension—butkt the pleasin sensation o f t arror conseq uent upon bein lenk l " or conjoined to a mon of uncontrawled passions an d rea d y _ fests The real refinement of sentiment is waiting fort ilos blaw that's just a comin', but never comes.' °1 " Divorce a Vincula" in Onoe a TVeek. MARRIAGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES.—On Theadal i . there was a wedding party at St. Peter's Church, LiverP n % the bridegroom a working shoemaker, and the bride co like rank. Among the spectators in the n en ct tran deeidedarliice wes,!, womaa neither young nor interestin—ifa plain. No sooner had the bridegroom approached her tb ai she flew at him with the energy of a maniac, tore his cloth. 2 shirt, waistcoat, head-gear (he wore a cap), belaboured LIT,: with hearty good will, and knocked him down. M he escaped into the church, but she was net to be apPea s t e be She waited outside, interrupted him on his leaving after The ceremony, and again attacked him and his new bride • b u t aid of an officer was invoked, and bystanders assisted, to the enraged woman was not prevented from tearing" a s bonnet of the bride, and damaging her clothes as wetly,. her features. At last the vixen was carried off to B L I le well, and thence brought before Mr. Raffles. The a m `'.4, facts were given in evidence, and Mr. Raffles asked th.e d f7,, soner what she had to say. She said that she was r ° that the bridegroom had pursued her with loving, l 2l 2 riha tunities until she consented to live with him. T w• a y ea gave him all her money, bought him his elothest_, those in which he presented himself that reeril l 7 u til chlireh. That she knew nothing of the marriage artgry that morning, and when she did hear of it she was an and took measures to make him remember his falsen e ss a her revenge. Mr. Raffles reminded her she must p ca t persons in that way, although no doubt she had ca use feel annoyed at the fellow's treatment. He disci' with a caution.—Liverpool rot, Aloiv . Alupt the con month, 1 heavy, E tellSiVe elged an 41 . Oney , le rathe firmly n cipat e a I ° l3 pa durin g 1 INTotie met. the Will be 1 the rein A. call ix t lue on 4-`43', Th e 4 the Can, Market ' ll arket Lion, but The Sale '6I Y Sh y 1.10 121 fu The la: to th is d )1 4 ; :61 111:7: ; 1 I:er t b . 5 . . °tlt i hrlii lut : t Te ' REI : I sa : 14a 4 erthWl h Guth. 8 44 r i." I hi; Easters C elkbur g ] ,it 1241 Tn `444t These went on Western Western the BriE the Sout to X 2,601 the Istorti to £l,lB a nd the The B Itithout 3 % nnt. hum fo r Publi 418 11 ed pi 7' I for ot:y. Th e Fe form er ra Ayres an firm at 11 advanced to 991 . Joint- S_ 4 130 at sl la sia £1