The Sun. — London, England, 1859-09-26 00:00:00

BENSON'S WATCHES. " Perfection of mechanism."—Morning Post. Gold Watches 4 to 100 guineas. Mier Watches 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London, E.C. _ _ _ . . Bend 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet on Watches. OPERA, ROYAL ENGLISH COVENT-GARDEN. Under the management of Miss LOUISA PYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON, will Open for the Season on MONDAY, eet. 3d, with, for the first time on the English Stage, Meyer beer's highly popular Op l ra of NORAH. The Libretto of the English version of DINORAH by Henry Chorley, Esq. The Operatic Company will comprise the following artistes: —Miss Louisa Pyne, 3fiss Pilling (pupil of Mrs. Wood, her first appearance), Miss Fanny Cruise (her first appearance in London), Miss Thirlwall, and Miss Parepa (her first appear ance at the Royal English Opera); Mr. Santley (his first ap pearance), Mr. Henry Haigh, Mr. H. Corri, Mr. G. Honey, Mr. St. Albyn, Mr. Mengis, Mr. Lyall, Mr. Wallworth, Mr. Bartleman, Mr. Terrott, Mr. Maurice de Solla, and Mr. W. Harrison. Conductor, Mr. Alfred Mellon. Ballet :—Mdlle. Rosana Lequine (her first appearance in England), Mdlle. rierron, Mdlle. Pasquale, Miss. C. Morgan); Mr. W, H. Payne Mr. H. Payne, Mr. F. Payne, and Mons. Vandris. A nume rous Corps de Ballet. The Band and Chorus will be on the same scale of completeness as the preceding seasons of the, Royal English Opera. The scenery by Messrs. Grieve, Tel' bin, and W. R. Beverley. Stage Manager, Mr. Edward Stir ling. Acting Manager, Mr. Edward Murray. Ballet Master, Mons. Petit. Chorus Master, Mr. Smythson. The Box-office will be opened on Monday, Sept. 26, under the direction of Mr. Parsons. Prices of Admission.—Stalls, 7s. ; Private Boxes, £4 45., £335., £2 12s. 6d., £1 55., £1 ls. ; Dress Boxes, ss. ; Amphi theatre Stalls, 3s. ; Pit, 2s. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, ls. Doors open at half-past 7, commencing at 8 o'clock. T HEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with AS YOU LIKE IT: Jaques, Mr. Howe ; Orlando, Mr. W. Tanen ; Touchstone, Mr. Compton ; Rosalind, Miss Amy ffedgwick ; Celia, Miss M. Ternan. After which, a new Farce, entitled THE RIFLE, AND HOW TO USE IT. Messrs. Buckstone, Compton, Rogers, Mrs. B. White, Mrs. Wilkins, and Mrs. E. Fitzwilliam. And HALLOWE'EN. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with (2d time) a new Drama, by J. Oxenford, Esq., entitled IV Ir HALL. Messrs. H. Bland, H. Widdicombe, Frank Matthews, Graham, Garden ; Mrs. Newberry, Mrs. Weston, Miss Kate Saville, and Mrs. Charles Young. To conclude with a dramatic tableau in Watteau colours, by J. R. Planche, Esq., entitled LOVE AND FORTUNE. NEWW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI, THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Open for the Winter Season. THIS EVENING, to commence with GOOD FOR NOTHING. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Billington, Eburne, More land, Powell, and Miss Woolgar. After which, ONE TOUCH OF NATURE. Webster, Billington, Moreland, Miss H. Simms, Followed by LOVE AND HUNGER. Mr. David Fisher, Mr. Paulßedford, C. Selby, C. J. Smith, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw. Followed by the new burlesque, THE BABES LN THE WOOD. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford. C. J. Smith, Eburne ; Miss Woolgar, Miss K. Kelly. Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor for bills of performance. All fees to servants of t his establishment are strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. Messrs. B. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatterton. OPENS for the Season on Saturday next, Oct. 1. New comedy, THE WIDOW'S WEDING, supported by Messrs. Leigh Murray, Barrett, C. Young D ; Mesdames rine Hickson, Murray, Arden, Manders, New burlesque, by Leicester Buckingham, Esq., entitled VIRGINIUS ; or the Trials of a Fond Papa, in which Messrs Barrett, C. Young, Francis; Mesdames Frank Matthews, Clara St. Casse, Lydia Thompson, and a numerous Corps de Ballet will appear. To conclude with A DEAD SHOT. In the course of the evening the National Anthem will be sung. Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, is. The Box-office opens from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform ance commences at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough THIS EVENING, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN EGGS. And TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE LADY OF LYONS. Commence at 7 o'clock: CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.- N.../ EVERY EVENING.—The Music of Verdi's Opera of MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con certs), the extraorainary Violin Performances of the cele brated Infant DELEPIERRE FAMILY, and the usual Vocal Concert. Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney. 'Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant sights of the metropolis. Will shortly be produced, a Grand Selection' from Meyer beer's new opera of DINNORA. THE WEATHER.—Su rr OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 24. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 67—highest since noon yesterday. 63—lowest this morning and during the night. 64—this day at noon. BAnomrrnx-30.06—a sudden rise. Wimp, S.W.; rather fresh, with passable, but dull wea ther. FIVE o'CLocx.—Heavy rain since three o'clock.—Wind Easterly ; strong. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAT.—Morning, lh. 15m.—Afternoon, lh. 37m. To-Moanow-Morning, lh. 57m.—Afternoon, 2h. 17m. Our "foreign relations," as they are termed, new begin to look up, but how long they may so continue is more than we, or even the High Pleni potentiaries themselves,'can tell. The last six weeks have been consumed much in the style of trying to " beggar my neighbour"—for all their doings were a sort of make-shift to put off the evil day. Now time presses, and if we may believe the following : " They laid down a more modest programme, which, if my information, as I cannot doubt, be correct, is as follows :—A , definitive treaty of peace will be signed by the three Powers, and an end will thus be put to the state of armistice, which was pro rogued, as you will remember, at the first meeting of the Conference early in August, until peace should be concluded and ratified. Another treaty will be drawn up, by which Austria will cede Lombardy to France, who in her turn will make it over to Sardinia. Before this can be done, however, it is clear that on certain points the three Governments must be agreed, since France can take Lombardy from Austria only on condi tions upon which Sardinia will be willing to take it from her, The most knotty poin in the business of the double transfer is the question of the debt, and on this head it is believed that Aus tria is likely to abate somewhat of her pretensions, which Piedmont finds exorbitant, and which Baron DE BOURQUENEY is disposed to consider exagge rated. Should it be found impossible to agree on this point, some say that the formal cessation will nevertheless take place, and that it and other diffi culties will be reserved for subsequent settlement. With reference to such unsettled points, to the Italian Confederation, restoration of the Dukes, &e., documents will be drawn up, which, can be signed, however, only by the Austrian and French Plenipotentiaries. Austria is tenacious U to the restoration, and France as to the con federation, while Sardinia utterly rejects the for mer, and. 'will not agree to the latter under pre sent circumstances and , in the present state of Italy ; and thus It is that the documents referred little or nothi ng more th an to, and which wi l l be a repetition of the IsTili a f ranca stipulations, will not receive the signature o f v • ICTOR EMMANUEL'S delegate. It may be thought that this abstention on the part of the Sar dinian Government i s vir tually almost of the natur e of a p rote st against the convention entered into by the two EMPERORS, and to which the KING, not previously consulted, was afterwards summoned to subscribe. The situa tion is peculiar, and perhaps unprecedented. Mean while, unless some fresh instructions should be brought by a courier, who is daily expected at Zurich, it is believed that the Conference will con clude its labours, within a very few days, in the manner above indicated." Now all this looks like being very real—bat to our belief it will only prove to be so much smoke, and will only leave a vestige of hazy blank simili tude to gaze on. The fact is, that the two Em perors, in their extreme hurry to patch up matters so suddenly in their mutual fright, were too glad to get rid of each other in any way for the time being ; and so they trumped up terms of any sort to please the pride of either, hoping to set all things right hereafter. The conqueror was afraid of German Confederation, and so he set up a Confe deration of Italy, with a President at the head of it, who had no real standing with either of them —no, nor even with himself, or the world at large, on secular matters. But the bait took with Austria under the sure belief that the POPE would support her in bringing back the self-exiled Dukes. Thus we see how even in great matters Emperors and Kings commit the same grave mistakes as individuals while acting under the influence of terror, be it imaginary or real. Meantime, as autumn is casting a lingering look of departure, grim winter is, about to throw his mantle of darkness and storm over his shoulders and just peeps in to see if the Pleipotentiaries are waiting for him to settle their differences, before he seeks the sharp counsels of General FROST. The King of SARDINIA is as much puzzled with the abundance of " liberty' thrown at his feet by the congregated freemen of Italy, that he feels bewildered at its dreamy munificenee, and wonders accordingly. He would accept it loyally, as it is spontaneously proffered ; but—a voice behind him—whispers—beware ! the time is not yet!—wait—wait!—and he answers in doubtful hesitation. In short, the whole is a sort of fairy dilemma out of which they would all willingly get, if they could. But how ? Certainly, judging from the state of things at this present jttncture in all parts of Europe, Asia Africa, and America, we are very far indeed from that modern Arcadia, dreamt of so complacently in the Manchester school of philosophy—the purely hypothetical Age of Arbitration. It was only yesterday, as it were, that a three months' cam paign in Northern Italy closed, after the destruc tion of some 50,000 souls between the Alpha and Omega of that brief campaign, namely, the days of Montebello and Solferino. Scarcely has the grass begun to grow again over the graves of the Rus sians, French, English, and Sardinians, destroyed by thousands upon thousands during the far more prolonged and far more sanguinary war raging only four or five years since in the Crimea—when the legions of the Northern Autocrat are carrying desolation before them elsewhere at the mouth of the cannon from Georgia to the Caspian among the mountains of the Caucasus. Gounib, the last stronghold of the Circassians, is besieged and taken at the point of the bayonet. The warrior-priest SCHAMYL, half knight, half prophet, succumbs at last to evil fortune—having been betrayed. His heroic sword fails at length to cleave a way for him out of the toils laid by a wily, coura geous, but most unscrupulous foe. And, as ABD EL-XADER in the end fell a prisoner into the hands of the Prince de JoINVILLE, so now more recently, by a kindred fate, SCHAMYL falls under the power of the CzAR, being captured in the name of the Emperor by Prince BARIATINSKY. An infamous conspiracy meanwhile is suddenly discovered in Turkey—a diabolical plot to assassinate the Sultan- Caliph ABD-UL-MEDJID, at the instigation, it is said, of DIAPER DEM, the Pacha of Albania. Simultaneously, there has come to us of late from Morocco tidings of the death of the Emperor, ABD-ER-HAMAN, and of the probable outbreak of disturbances along the Moorish frontier between the French conquerors of Algeria and the more fanatical of the Morocco Ilussulmans. Intelli gence, too, there has been, for many weeks, coming to us, mail after mail, from the neighbourhood of Ceuta—intelligence of warlike movements on the part of Spain upon the opposite coast of Africa, the Gibraltar Gazette being filled for a consider able time past with details of this threatening con test, and accounts, again and again repeated, of the sound of ordnance there distinctly audible from the shores of the southern continent. It was but very recently, as we all remem. ber, that the Prussian army was being collected together along the northern boun daries of France, preparatory, as many deemed probable, to a descent upon the Army of Observa tion under PELISSIER during the absence of the main body of the troops of NAPOLEON then under the command of the EMPEROR in person beyond the barrier line of the Alps, fighting nominally the battles of Italy, but more particularly, as it has un happily proved, the battles of Piedmont, upon the plains of Lombardy. Nay, it is even by this time a matter of tolerable certainty that it was in a great measure the directly antagonistic attitude assumed by Germany that led upon the morrow of a victory that brought the Allies at last triumphantly within the view of the formidable Quadrilateral to that premature, still regretted, and, to this moment, utterly incomprehensible compromise at Villa franca. Directing our attention, however, to the opposite extremity—whether eastwards or westwards, it signifies comparatively little—the story told in either instance is in a measure identically the same, inasmuch as it tends to show the absurdity of count ing yet awhile upon the arrival of that beneficent millenium when spears are to be beaten into reap ing-hooks and swords . into ploughshares. Almost at the same period of time—meaning this critical epoch in the world's history—there comes to us news from the remotest quarters of Asia and of America of wars or of rumours of wars. Yonder, at the entrance of the great river that Sir JOHN BowRING must still permit us to designate the Peiho, the necessity for a terrible retribution being inflicted by the allied forces of France and England upon the recreant Chinese has been suddenly thrust upon us by that faithless and atrocious ambuscade which has startled us into attention and thrilled through the hearts of 60,000,000, and those 60,000,000 the population of the two most powerful and most civilised nations of the earth—thrilled through the hearts of those sixty millions with one instinctive, spontaneous, and elec tric thrill of indignation. While we are yet burning with ardour to vindicate our outraged honour at the easternmost extremity of Asia, we become aware upon a sudden that at the westernmost extremity of North America there are abruptly becoming visible the indications of ill feeling between England and the United States in the matter of that contemptible little island of San Juan, the chief of the little group known as the group of the Arroo Islands, situated between British Columbia and the island of Quadra or Van couver. Unless diplomacy can amicably settle this wretched little dispute betimes there are already in it the seeds of what may be far worse than a mere estrangement, namely, a deplorable and unnatural conflict between the Young American Republic, and the old mother-country. Altogether it is pretty obvious at a glance, no matter how cursory that glance may be, no matter in which direction we may look, it is tolerably clear, we say, in the north, in the south, in the east, and in the west that the Era of War has not wholly passed away that we have not as y e t entered even upon the threshold of that dreamy and Millenial Age of Arbitration, dreamt of by the cotton•spinning and broadcloth-weaving day-dreamers of Manchester : the which sage philosophers, by the way, have a tolerably fair prospect before them of eating humble pie this next session in the House of CoMmons—by voting fresh supplies for the new war in China, and by aiding, in spite of themselves, in the more com prehensive remodelling of both our military and maritime armaments. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. This theatre re-opened on Saturday evening under the management of Mr. A. Harris. During the short time the theatre has been closed it has undergone a thorough renovation, and a great num ber of additional comforts have been added to the audience portion of the house. The effect of the interior, with its crowded audience, was very bril liant ; and, as far as patronage is concerned, the success of the new management, in a " com mercial point of view," seems certain. Judg ing from what we know of Mr. Harris, as stage manager of the Royal Italian Opera., all his productions will be placed before the public with the greatest completeness, and, such being so, he has our best wishes for his success in his new capacity of lessee. The performances commenced with a drama, in four acts, by Mr. Oxenford, en titled " Ivy Hall ;" and we certainly expected that from so practised a hand we should have had, at least, something original,but we were disappointed; the new drama being merely an adaptation of a French piece which attracted attention in Paris, entitled, "Le Roman d'un Jeune Homme Pauvre." The plot of " Ivy Hall" is briefly as follows :—Sir Gilbert Castleton, being ruined, ac cepts the situation of steward, leaving his title, of course, in abeyance till better times, in the service of Mrs. Hawkesworth, at Ivy Hall. This lady and her daughter, Amoret, feel greatly interested in their new retainer, whose accomplishments and courtly manners become apparent malgre lui. The younger lady, who, we should state, is engaged to Sir Bugle Bradley, a country gentleman, is even secretly attached to the. handsome steward, but knowing herself to be wealthy, she is jealously suspicious of the motives of all who approach her, and when she by chance discovers the real rank and name of the poor gentleman, she at once sets him down as an intriguing fortune-hunter. Sir Gilbert adores her, though he treats her with de ference and distant respect. It is his fate to be misunderstood, for the morbid suspicion of the fair Amoret accounts the very conduct arising from his noble nature as mere cunning. Captain Hawkes worth, the imbecile grandfather of Amoret, has amassed his wealth by the plunder of a branch of the family of Sir Gilbert, who becomes acquainted with the circumstances just at the most opportune moment when he holds the position of the Hawkesworths in his hands. Although he has been scorned and contemned, he resolves to burn the all-important document, and leave his lady love in blissful ignorance that he is the lawful owner of all the Hawskworth property, and she, in fact, nearly a beggar. By accident he is prevented carrying out his design ; all is discovered, and, of course, the piece concludes with the mar riage of Amoret and Gilbert. The performance of Amoret by Mrs. Charles Young was exceedingly beautiful, and elicited great applause. Mr. Har court Bland., a new aspirant for metropolitan fame, sustained the part of Sir Gilbert, but it seemed a part entirely out of his line, and therefore it would be unfair to take his acting on Saturday evening as a specimen of his quality. Gilbert is constantly throughout the play, called " my young friend," while Mr. Bland to us appears to be somewhat advanced in years, and it is to be regretted a more juvenile member of the company was not selected for the part. Iu elderly characters Mr. Bland may be very good, but, as we have said before, in roles similar to that of Sir Gilbert Castleton, he is quite out of his element. Mr. Widdicombe has a good part in the play, but he did not seem quite at home in it. Mr. Frank Mathews and Mr. Meadows have both been fitted to a nicety, consequently they acted with their accustomed ability and success. At the fall of the curtain there were loud sounds of disapprobation, but the applause predominated, and consequently the play, we suppose, must be said to be successful. If fortune frowned on the first piece she smiled most bountifully on the next, a burlesque by Planche, entitled " Love and Fortune," the principal part in which was sustained by Miss Louisa Keeley. This young lady is a fresh, charm ing actress, and as long as she is on the stage the fame that attaches to the name of Keeley will never diminish. At the fall of the curtain the applause was enthusiastic, and "Love and Fortune" for many a week will draw crowded audiences to the Princess's. ,AN.f....i. ... 14 °.". ‘% ' 9 4 Sa ar,o, t• ze ..... •• •`- , 4 ,.. --, ' , ' 1 tt , -: _.*,:: IF,. • ' IPA c y ' , ...,,,, ''. ^. . --- , ) ,,Ti , NA ,r. A , 0 5..,,k , %PP.,: n• 4... , , •*.' „ ~%ir.l* .7 : , it ,? : „ .. . 4 , .?-• ,a. N , , , .: . i . 441 ,14 + bIVg 01 II tti 1t, '.. .jil .M ° . ~, ',,,,,, DR our , ~,,V . . ll _ ;,,„,.. 1.1%:41 4 4,4 .41, - : N --,... THE SUN. MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1859. OLYMPIC THEATRE. This theatre re-opened on Saturday night, and although the bill put forth did not contain any special novelties, a large audience assembled on the occasion ; and the applause with which " Payable on Demand and Retained for the Defence" were received sufficiently proved that a long run is still in store for those pieces. The chief attraction on Saturday night was the revival of Mr. Charles Dance's comedietta, "A Morning Call." This adap tation was first produced at Drury Lane in March, 1851 ; and the parts were played by Mrs. Nisbett and Mr. James Anderson. In the hands of Mrs. Stirling and Mr. G. Vining these parts were done full justice to. The piece was received with ap plause, and is likely to maintain its place in the bills. The Queen held a Privy Council on Friday morning., at Balmoral. It was attended by his Royal 'Highness the Prince Consort, the Duke of Richmond, the Earl of Elgin, and Lord John Russell. The Hon. W. Bathurst, clerk of the Privy Council, attended. The Duke of Newcastle arrived in London on Saturday morning from his seat, Clumber-park. The Earl of Elgin arrived in town on Saturday, from Scotland. Lord John Russell arrived in London on Satur day, from Scotland. The noble lord will return to-morrow to Aborgeldie, where his family is staying. His lordship is about to receive the freedom of the city of Aberdeen. Lady Isabella Schuster was safely confined of a son on Friday last. Her ladyship and the infant are doing well. Sir G. C. Lewis returned to town on Friday evening, from Harpton Court, Herefordshire. Sir George, after the Cabinet Council on Saturday, preceded to Balmo ral, where he will remain as the Secretary of State in atten dance on her Majesty until the return of the Court to London. The It! ght Hon. T. Milner Gibson arrived in London on Saturday morning, from Southampton. The Chancellor of the Exchequer has returned to London, from Penmaenmaur, Conway. We understand her Majesty intends conferring the honour of knighthood upon Captain M'Clintock. Sir George Grey arrived in London on Saturday morning, from Jedburgh. The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert returned to town on Saturday morning, from Wilton House CRESCENT HOTEL, FILEY.—The following dis tinguished visitors are at present staying at the above fashionable hotel:—The Dowager Countess of Meath, the Hon. John Brabazon, the Hon. Richard Brabazon. Lord and Lady Taunton, the Hon. Miss Mina Labouchere, the Hon. Miss Emily Labouchere Lord and Lady George Quin, the Hon. Caroline Cavendish, Miss Heyriott, Sir Charles Hastings, John Ray, Esq., and Mrs. Ray and family, G. Hastings, Esq., and Mrs. Hastings, Mrs. S. Lehmann, Mr. R. Lehmann, Gwyn Howell, Esq., George Ringrose, Esq., Miss Ringrose, &c. LIVERPOOL, Saturday.—The Cunard steam-ship Canada sailed to-day for Halifax and Boston with the mails for the United States and North America and 120 passengers. The African Company's steamer Ethiope also sailed the same day with the mails foe Madeira, Teneriffe, and the West Coast of Africa, a full complement of passen gers and cargo, and £7,185 in specie. The screw steamer Indian will be despatched on Wedhesday next for Quebec and Montreal with the Canadian mails. The box at the Post-office will be open on that day till 10 15 a.m., and on the landing-stage till 11 a.m. The additional fee on tho landing-stage is 6d., and must be prepaid in stamps. A CENTENARIAN.—There is now living at Honi bon an old, respectable-looking woman, named Mary Dun ning, who is in her 104th yoar. For many years she oc cupied a small farm at Luppitt, and after her husband's death she lived with Miss Graves, of Combrawleigh. This lady, in consideration of her advanced years and of her for mer services, grants her a weekly allowance, which is suffi cient to keep her in decent circumstances. The old woman appears to retain full possession of her faculties, and can remember many of the remarkable occurrences which have happened during the last fs , o years. She is frequently seen walking about the town, but especially on market days. Her manners, however, are somewhat brusque ; but this may be attributed partly to her great age, and partly to the various questions she is asked respecting her early days She has two sons, one of whom is living at Farway, and he is a great-grandfather. LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : VIENNA, SEPT. 26. The Wiener Zeitung of today yublishes an Im perial letter addressed to the Minister of Finance, ordering the appointment of a commission with special legislative powers, to organise extensive reforms in the system of direct taxation. The President and Secretary to the commission are Count Hartig, and Baron de Kalchberg, and the othe members consist chiefly of the rate-payers in the different provinces. TURIN, SEPT. 24. To-day at Monza the Romagnesx deputation was received by the King, and the following is a sum mary of the reply of his Majesty to the address presented to him by the members of the deputa tion : " I am grateful for the wishes of the people of the Romagna, of whieh you are the interpreter before me. "As a Catholic Sovereign I shall myself always retain a profound and unalterable respect for the superior Hierarch of the Church. " As an Italian Prince 1 am reminded that Eu rope having in view the state of the Romagnese people, who demanded prompt and efficient mea sures of reform, has accepted formal obligations to wards your country. " I receive your wishes, and, strong by the rights conferred upon me, I will support your cause before he Great Powers. You may rely on their sense o justice. You may rely upon the generous love of our country, of the French Emperor, who will ac complish the great work of reparation he has so powerfully begun, and who, assured of the grati tude of Italy, and seeing the moderation which has characterised your resolution during the late mo ments of incertitude, will recognise that in the Ro magna the mere hope of a national Government suffices to put an end to civil disorders. " When your numerous volunteers arrived, during the days of the national struggle, to enrol themselves under my flag, you knew that Piedmont would not go to war for herself alone, but for our common country. " To-day the unanimity of your wishes, and the order which you observe at home, is very gratifying to my heart, and nothing better could insure your future destiny. " Europe will recognise that it is her common duty, and also to her common interest to finish the era of disorder, and thereby satisfy the legitimate desires of the people." ST. PETERSBURG, SEPT. 23. The interest on moneys deposited with the Bank is reduced from 3 to to 2 per cent., instead of in creased from 2 to 3 per cent., as stated in the pre- vious telegram. month. ST. PETERSBURG, SEPT. 24. The Northern Bee publishes a correspondence from Kiachta, which states that the loss of the Chinese in the affair at the Taku forts was 1,000 killed ; the number of wounded is not stated. The American Minister had arrived at Pekin, but is kept confined (tenu enfernze). The Emperor left Sarskoe•Selo yesterday for Moscow, whence he will proceed direct to Toula. CHINA. TRIESTE, SEPT. 25. The Austrian Lloyd's steamer has just arrived from Alexandria, and brings advices from Hong kong to the 10th of August. Nothing further has taken place in reference to the disaster at Peiho. It is supposed that the American Minister is now at Pekin. Captain Vansittart is reported as having died of his wounds. Admiral Hope's state of health is serious. In the North and at Shanghai several Europeans have been murdered by the Chinese. Exchange on London, 4s. 100. to 4s. 114 d. SHANGHAI, AUG. 1. Tea favourable. Silk active. Exchange on London, 6s. 61d. to 6s. 71d. Freights for tea, £2 10s. to £3 50s. ; silk, £4los, to £6. THE AUSTRALIAN MAIL. MALTA, SEPT. 22, A letter from Alexandria of the 19th announces the arrival on that day at Aden of the Salsette, with the Anstralian mails, with dates from Sydney to the 15th and Melbourne to the 19th of August. The dates from Kongkong are to the 21st and King George's Sound to the 27th of August, and from the Mauritius to the 10th of September. Business during the month was very quiet, but the news by the Bombay created commercial and money improvement. Share List :—Bank of New South Wales, £47 10s.; Union, £5O; Commercial, £4B; ditto, new, £47 12s. 6d.; Australian Joint Stock, new, £4 to £4 55.; Steam Navigation, £l4 2s. 6d. (ex. div.) Government debentures were firm. Those due in 1860 sold at 3 per cent. premium, and interest. Selling rate of Sydney bills on London, 60 days, 3 premium ; buying rate, premium. CALCUTTA & CHINA MAILS The Valetta, with the mails from Calcutta and China, arrived at Marseilles at noon yesterday (Sunday). The mails left for London at 2 p.m. The Bombay reached Sydney on the 10th' of August. The Elba was receiving cable from the Frank Watson to be laid down from Alexandria to Rhodes and thence to Scio, in lieu of the Candia route. The cable between Cape Passaro and Malta was laid this morning. (BY THE RED SEA AND INDIA TELEGRAPH.) (FROM HARTLEY GISBORNE TO C. L. PEEL, ESQ., LONDON.) ALEXANDRIA, SEPT. 10. The Salsette, from Australia, arrived at Aden this morning. Her dates are—Sydney, 15th; Melbourne, 19th; Kangaroo Island, 21st; King George's Sound, 27th of August; Mauritius, 10th of September. There is no political news of importance. The Bombay reached Sydney on the 10th of August. FRANCE. PARIS, SUNDAY, The Emperor and Empress are expected to reach Paris from Biarritz this evening. Prince Metter nich and Count Walewski are also on their way here. Sir James Hudson, her Majesty's representative at Turin, will be in Paris to-morrow on his way. to London. In all probability he has been summoned to London for political reasons, especially if there be any probability of a Congress. The Spanish Government has let it be known in Paris and London that in the event of a Congress concerning the affairs of Italy, Spain would wish to be represented on account of her participation in the arrangements of 1815. The exchange of the ratifications of the Con cordat concluded between the Holy See and the Baden Government took place at Rome on the 12th. The Pope makes no objection to the tempo ral gambling carried on there. The Princess Clotilde will visit Turin next The French frigate Sane, of 450-horse power, launched at Cherbourg in 1847, was lost on the 22d inst. on the Raz de Seins, on her way from Toulon to Brest. All hands saved. It is stated positively that the Emperor of Morocco is ready to grant the demands of Spain, and that he will send troops against the tribes of the Riff. In confirmation of this, it is said that he refused to receive the envoy of the Sheik who rules over those tribes. The King of Naples has published a new decree, extending to the 30th June, 1860, the period for the free admission into his dominions of wheat, flour,7and other articles of food. It appears from this fact that the harvest in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies is Rot so good as was expected. Great anxiety prevails in France with respect to the vintage. The gathering of the grapes com menced some days since in Languedoc, and a good half average crop is expected. The prices asked for the new wine are double those accepted at this season last year. BOURSE, Sept. 24.—The market has been very buoyant as the diplomatic difficulties are considered on the eve of adjustment, and it is announced that a Congress will soon meet at Brussels. Threes opened at 69f. 35c., and improved to 69f. 60c. ; Mobilier varied from 813 f. 75c. to 825 f. ; Lyons, 900 f. to 910 f. ; Orleans, 1,397 f. 50c. to 1,405 f. ; Northern, 940 f. to 945 f. ; Southern, 512 f. 50c. to 520 f.; Geneva, 530 f. to 545 f. ; Austrian, 552 f. 50e. to 555 f.; Lombard, 555 f. to 560 f. The following are the last quotations : 41 per Cents. 96 I Credit Fonder.... - Do. end month — I Belgian 4k . — - 3 per Cants 69 651Pie,dmontesa (5) .. 86 - Do. end month 69 551 Roman B6 - Bank Shams 2845 Austrian - Credit Mobilier .. 825 Spanish Threes 44 50 Do. Account ..... 822 50 Home Debt 44 25 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern 947 50 .. 945 New ditto —2. .. 830 Lyons and Mediterranean 905 .. 911 25 Geneva — .. 550 Southern Western .. 595 .. 592 50 Eastern Sardinian 420 .. 420 Austrian Lombard .. Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 121 c. ; money, 25f 10c.; three months, paper, 24f. 971 c.; money, 24f. 921 c. THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE [By ELECTRIC TELEGRATH.] PLYMOUTH, MONDAY MORNING. The Royal Mail steamship Celt, Captain Brown, has arrived. She left the Cape, August 21st ; St. Helena, Autrnst 30th; and Ascension, September 3d. 7t. The colonial papers are full of expressions of regret at the departure of the en-Governor Sir George Grey, who landed here from the Celt this morning. The horses were taken from his carriage at Government-house, and it was drawn by the in habitants under triumphal arches to the place of embarcation. Salutes were fired, and when on board, his Excellency received addresses from all the public bodies. The Celt brings a petition to her Majesty, signed by 2,000 colonists, praying for the restoration of Sir George Grey. The Trans Vaal and Free States aro in a state 0: peace. _ Natal is flourishing. The Boscawen has returned from her cruize to the west coast. The Persian and Lyra are on the east coast. The Hermes and Brisk are in Simon's Bay. Great drought was experienced in the colony, and provisions were very dear in consequence of it. News had been received from Dr. Livingstone up to June 1. The Doctor had been very successful in exploring the Zambesi and the Shire, and found them navigable far into the interior, amidst dis tricts very favourable for .colonisation. The Vasco de Gama, which rescued the crew of the Shah Jehan, has arrived in St. Helena. Captain 111;,1.wreau reports that he saved 64, viz., the cap tain, officers, and crew—all the coolies 350 perished. The Shah Jehan was bound to the West Indies, and was burnt at sea July 1. The crew was landed at Reunion. AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY MORNING The royal mail steamship Africa, Captain Shan non, from Now York on the 14th inst., arrived in the Mersey this morning; bringing 70 passengers and 394,266 dols. in specie. On the 16th inst. she passed a large steamer, supposed to be the Persia. The steamship Ocean Queen, from Southampton, arrived at New York on the 13th inst., and the Anglo-Saxon hence, at Quebec on, the 11th. A great fire had occurred at Halifax, Nova Scotia. A large number of buildings were destroyed in Hollis-street, Granville-street, and Barrington street. The total loss, it was supposed, would amount to a million dollars. By the arrival of the steamship North Star at New York we learn that a revolution has taken place, in Costa Rica. President Mora was seized in his bed, and carried off to Guatemala. He was accompanied by his brother, General Mora, and his minister, Canas. Senor Martellcagro was chosen provisional president of Costa Rica. Lorenzo Salazar, com mander of the troops at San Jose, was the chief of the 0311spirat ors. It appears by the statement of the purser of the steamship ',cilia, arrived at Panama, that the people of Guayaquil, without the assent of the government of Ecuador, have made terms with the commander of the Peruvian blockading force. He says an amnesty (probably an armistice) has been concluded, to last fifteen days. From this it is fair to suppose that the vexed question which caused the blockade will soon be settled. A large mass of documents had been received at Washington from General Harney relative to the San Juan Island dispute, embracing copies of his correspondence with Governor Douglas. Latest advices from Utah territory state that the election for delegate to Congress had resulted in the choice of W. 11. Hooper Morgan. A party:of 42 United States dragoons had surprised a band of 150 Indians, concerned in the late massacre of California emigrants, and had killed 20 of their number. Another action was anticipated. The general features of the Money-market arc inaction and uncertainty. NEW ORLEANS, Sept. 13.—Cotton has an ad vancing tendency ; sales to-day 5,500 bales, at slightly dearer prices—middling 111 c. Sales of last three days, 10,500 bales ; receipts, 14,000 bales against 10,500 in same time last year. MOBILE, Sept. 13.—Cotton.—Sales to-day 1,700 bales at 10:; . c. to 11c. for middlings. The sales of the last three days add up 4,200 bales, and the receipts 5,500. TORONTO, Sept. 13.—Flour in active demand, but scarce. Wheat firm and sc. higher. Oats declined 3c. Barley advanced lc. DEATH OF PROFESSOR ALISON.—We regret to notice the death of Dr. William Pulteney Alison, late Pro fessor of the Practice of Physic in the University of Edin 'burgh, which took place at .Edinburgh in the end of last week. The deceased, who was born in 1790, was the brother of Sir Arch. Alison, the historian, and was the son of the Rev. Archibald Alison, an Episcopal clergyman in Edin burgh, 'who about the end of last century obtained a con siderable literary reputation by the publication of his " Essays on Taste." Dr. W. P. Alison, who had while a young man shown the highest talent in and devotion to his profession as a medical practitioner. was as early as 1820 chosen by the Edinburgh Town Council to fill the chair of Medical Jurisprudence in the University there, and was successively promoted to chairs of still higher importance, until in 1842 he was appointed Professor of the Practice of Physic. This chair he held till 1855, when he resigned owing to ill-health, being succeeded in it by Dr. Thomas Laycock. The deceased was not only for many years one of the heads of the medical profession at Edinburgh, and gained for himself a wide reputation by the publication of various works, but he was still better known in his own immediate sphere by his unbounded benevolence and phi lanthropy. For some years back, suffering under a linger ing illness which he endured with much resignation, he had necessarily withdraws from active professional pur suits, and lived in retirement in a quiet suburb of the town. Now that he is gone his memory will long be cherished with a degree of affection and admiration which are the posthumous inberitanee of few. He will long be remem bered as one of the most humane, the most upright, and the most amiable of men. TEE MARCHIONESS OF LONDON DERRY AND HER TENANTRY, The annual entertainment given by the Dowager Marchioness of Londonderry to the tenantry on her estate, took place on Thursday in the Town-hall of the handsome village of Cairnlough. The village was decorated with flags and banners, and a few vessels which lay at anchor in the harbour had their colours hoisted in honour of the occasion. A band which was in attendance greatly enlivened the pro ceedings of the day. The dinner took place in the Town-hall, which was tastefully fitted up for the occasion. The lines of tables extended the entire length of the room, containing banners represent ing the several townlands on her ladyship's estate, and so arranged that each tenant should sit in the immediate vicinity of his own townland. About two o'clock Lady Londonderry, accompanied by Lady Portarlington, Lord Adolphus Vane Tempest. Sir E. Macnaughtcn, and R. Gordon, Esq., Florida, arrived at Cairnlough, from Garron Tower, and were loudly cheered as they entered the room. Lord Adolphus Vane Tempest presided, and after the usual loyal toasts, Mr. MULLOY (tenant-farmer), said—My lord, I am happy to have the high honour of proposing our noble landlady's health—the Marchioness of Lon donderry. (Applause.) May she live a thousand years, and may her shadow never grow (Laughter and applause.) Lady LONDONDERRY, who was received with immense cheering, said—Another year has rolled by, another milestone on my journey of life has been passed, my friends, and I thankfully find my self once more among you. This season lam glad to have been able to go round this little estate, and (by visiting most of you who. are accessible from the road) to judge for myself of your real state and con dition. It is a source of pride and comfort for me to feel that although I am forced to admit much, much remains to be done, still, there is no doubt, improvoment is steadily going on. In Druncoon especially, I see considerable industry and patience evinced in reclaiming land, repairing houses, and, above all, I found three water churning machines established, and a fourth in progress of erection. (Applause.) It is by the energy and resource evinced in such application, that the dffi culty of obtaining manual labour, of which I hear much complaint, will best be met, and thus we may hope that what at first appears an evil may ulti mately lead to good, by stimulating the invention and industry of a population no longer, as in times past, too numerous to live in welfare and comfort. I also observe with satisfaction that a great deal of ' exertion is making in Ballymacaldrick to build improved dwellings, and also in Doonan. Legnamanog, Ballyveedy, to reclaim waste land. • I am, believe me, glad to hear of the increased - crops of turnips, and, moreover, that some of the tenantry have turned their attention to the cultiva ' tion of flax, Mr. Wilson having reported that this . _ _ _ valuable crop this year is double any previous one. Still I must, in justice, say that nowhere do I re mark the same persevering, patient spirit of toil as in Drumcroe, where the exposed situation renders the climate more severe, and where the crops are so much later in arriving at maturity. Their in • dustry is bringing its own reward. I was not able to go there last year; but where the heather bloomed at my former visit, two years ago, a good crop of oats is now raised. (Applause.) In Cairn lough, I trust, a new era has dawned. I trust its prosperity will now increase. (Loud applause.) The dredger has done its work ; the harbour is deepened and completed ; lighters are no longer re quired to ship the limestone, and vessels can enter in all seasons. This will, no doubt, induce people to build and settle,and I hope to see Victoria-square and Havelock-terrace soon filled up, and other sites taken. (Applause.) There is one subject which I cannot entirely pass over ; yet I approach it with great diffidence, having always carefully avoided interfering or entering into religious argument, and respecting every one's conscientious belief in their own creed—(cheers)—but, without at all presum ing to offer opinions, it is impossible 'tot to observe that one result of the much-talked-of revivals has been the closing of the public-houses, and the establishment of greater sobriety and temperance. (Applause.) So far, at least, this must have a beneficial effect on a population where the reverse was the besetting sin. Here, therefore, is another evident improvement since last year. Let us hope that this change will be lasting, and that it is not taken up in the enthu siasm or impulse of the moment, to be thrown aside afterwards, but that it is a steady determination and conviction that may mature into fixed habits in the future. By the advice of your excellent, agent, Mr. Wilson, the flower show and the exhibi tion of roots have been abandoned, as they were not supported as he had hoped and wished. The cattle show has also been discontinued in consequence of the unequal distances, rendering it impossible for the secretary to have :fair competition ; but the farm prizes have been awarded, thanks to the kind ness of Mr. Morlin and Mr. O'Neil, who have taken the trouble of assisting Mr. Wilson in judging the most deserving individuals. (Her ladyship here read the list of prizes and continued.) In conclu sion, I have to thank the gentlemen who have kindly shown their friendship to me by attending this little meeting. It is comforting on these occasions to be supported and surrounded by old friends, and I am truly grateful to them for taking the trouble of coming, and I am sure you must all be flattered and gratified by their presence. I thank you for drinking my health, and for all your good wishes. I fear you sometimes think me severe in lecturing you, but this time I am afraid I have been too com plimentary. If I fall into either extreme it is but from one motive, and that is an earnest and anxious desire to see you progress and improve, turning to advantage the blessings you possess, and becoming an industrious, thrifty, respectable, prosperous, and contented set of people; and with this fervent prayer I bid you farewell. (Loud applause.) A number of other toasts followed, and the com pany separated, after having spent a most agree able day. THE SEARCH FOR SIR J. FRANKLIN " An Arctic Navigator" writes to a contemporary as follows : " We Arctic officers of her Majesty's navy are a great deal too well satisfied with the result of our 10 years' labour, a result which has been so happily crowned by the gallant M'Clintock, and his noble comrades in the yacht Fox, to wish to throw stones at others, to complain at the unkind slap you have lately had at our enthusiasm, or to prove that we were right, and others wrong, in persevering to the end. We will not squabble o ver the lonely graves of our poor dear friends and comrades; but let me point out two important omissions in your own as well as other influential journals in their recent re• marks upon the results of the cruiseo,fctihinetlocokxw. The successful expediti on under m ay equipped in 1857 against the recorded opinions of the Admiralty, and the expense of it has fallen heavily upon Lady Franklin, who has sunk in it all her remaining fortune. The reception of Capt. M'Clintock by the Admi ralty, and the unusual empressement with which the Board placed at your disposal the information re ceived from Capt. M'Clintock, are cheering signs, and lead Arctic sailors to hope that those bold ad mirals, though men of the sword and devoted to war, think sometimes of the officers who strive in the not less glorious fields of science, or, may be, are not on this occasion unwilling to escape from a dilemma. It behoves all men to welcome repentance or refornLation, and to point out in what mannea it may be IL'ost gracefully accomplished, Let me place the followLng sugges tions before them and the public. To recommend the Treasury to refund to Lau., Franklin the sum she has sunk in fitting out and paying the Fox and her crew, somewhere about £lO,OOO, and to move her Most Gracious Majesty to grant the widow of the Admiral who fell in the execution of his duty a home for her declining days in her palace of Kensington. It is not certain that Lady Franklin would accept the one, or that her failing health, which now detains her in Southern France, would allow her to avail herself of the other, but the offers would be none the less graceful, or better express the warm sympathy of the world at large for her noble sacrifices and exertions. Capt. M'Clintock should, by order in Council, be allowed sea time as a naval officer while he com manded the Fox, and receive his well-merited knighthood. The officers and crew of the Fox ought to get the remaining £lO,OOO reward for solving the fate of the lost expedition. Lastly, as an act of common justice, the Admiralty might offer some reparation to the son of their old secretary, John Barrow, for having rudely placed him, a young and able man, upon the retired list, for no other offence than that of having been the first man in 1847 to urge a rescue of Franklin, the last to say that further efforts to solve his fate were needless, and the tried and faithful friend and supporter of every naval or mercantile sailor who was willing to devote his energy or ability to the solution of that glorious problem—the fate of Sir John Franklin and his 140 followers. DEATH OF THE CONSUL-GENERAL OF RUSSIA.-- Mr. George Krehmer, Russian Consul-General, died sud denly on Saturday morning at his residence, 2, Chester terrace, Chester-square. His physician, Dr. Aldis, was sent for, who pronounced recovery to bo hopeless. The lamented gentleman had for a long period been engaged in diplomacy in Russia, America, and England. On the day before his decease he had dined out, and appeared t o b e i n exce llent health. THE BUILDEES' Whatever may be the issu e of the pre sent strik e, we do most sincerely tr ust that it may at t rac t the attention of the public to the general proceedings of Trades' Unions. It is but a short time, compara tively speaking, since the organization and action of these bodies became legalized by statute, where as they have now assumed such extraordinary authority, and have carried their interference to suc h unexpected lengths , t hat it is high t i me the subject should be impartially scrutinized in the in terests of society at large. .We are not founding ou r observations either di rectl y or exclusively on have the quarrel now pending, nor do we, as we already shown, consid er that the cause o f the labouring classes is less i m p ortant than that o f the class by which their labo ur is employed. We ar e looking at the questi on from broad public ground s, as it affeects one class with another, and not the least that of the operatives themselves. The obvious design of the Legislature in en' fair the workpeop le was to give them a fair opportunity of turning their labour—their only mem possession— to good account. If the beri; of any particular trade were left free to confer together upon the conditions of their calling, to concert their terms of engagement, and to provide each other with mutual support, it was plain that such privilege must be for their (tar antage. At any rate, it wa s considered unjust to fbrbid such proceedings, anu• accordingly the "combinations" of workmen, which had been formerly forbidlen, received. so far the recognition and sanction of ti2e law. It was cer-, tainly, however, never conceived Unions would assume the functions to Whit they now lay claim, and it was distinctly assumed. that nothing like coercion should be practise 5 Unionists might combine among themselve. but with themselves their proceedings (yoga that Trade! to begin and end. On these two points , 1 1 ' 9W . : ever, the policy and conduct of Trades' Unieul: have so far exceeded all anticipations that the ma' ter cannot be too carefully considered. have be_ee The organisation of these societies has become infinitely more extensive than could thought probable. Railways, penny postage, tel l - graphs, and excursion trains have prodigieeerif multiplied the means of intercourse and con ce rn. , till at length we find, not only that the 5 1,,, 5 t trades are in union over many districts, but I .' to other unions of other trades can be brought into prompt combination with them when oecal.; s oa ve invites. The principles, too, on which the ties proceed in framing their regulations ha ~ n a turb , _ .. ' taken a remarkable turn. It was perfectly that they should endeavour to mainta.in et', enhance the value of labour generally t4,11.e0h indeed, may be considered the ordinary fun"' re of a Trades' Union as distinguished from a li te Benefit Society. It was a lso natural, thollgto not very allowable, that they should attemPt ~ „, make their own trades as select as adoptingpossible ~ limiting the number of apprentices, and other well-known expedients for that PurPesejj, That has been the practice of Guilds of Trade in all ages, and we saw it strikingly developed some se / rs.. years ago in the case of the Amalgamated Engineers. But these doctrines touch only the relations °f m en with masters, whereas there are others whif h i , b e ar acquired extraordinary prom inence, and wille- other. directly on the relations of th e men with each secure The one great object of Trades' Unions is to the ir work for the greatest possible num ber l a udabl e members—an object in so me respect s ' a- s to enough, but which is pursued so arbitrarily..a in inflict immense injury upon t he trade insell-hoe some work, they ordain that no order to provide that every member Intl ball have too much. They look at me mber 0, as eneployrneul_ Alt a species of common fund on whi ch no 11u t, to encroach. Accordingly they forbid vidual workman has a right, beyond a certain Fog yf —a species of contract by which ~ pi . ecw, u _7 o , might earn extra wages, but as 1 _n earning lili; extra wages he would be taking more than . `, d. share o of employment, the practice is &Wen n On the same principle they forbid " overtitat ee st ambition to rise in the world, might industrious man with a large fiimily, or an "- a superior artisan n a ble be his 0-2.u e and willing to work an hour or two above h i b s u r t Ili lar time, and to carry off a little more pay ' Unions hold that all a man's work beyon d. his nexus...a lar work belongs properly to someboal that he has therefore no right to take it,• or . more preposterously is this princill ie ac tually ried out,:in7;detail, until at last we tof find recognised usages limiting ten arn el3 . ll his strength which a workman, when g aged ln the duties, may put forth. The fact is, that, the Unions do not want any man to get thrng , ' ho much work in a day ; on the contrary, the less la does the more there remains for others to do. ,;„, else, ;iiii the end, as we now see, they ventured on e• from fr ,, t ; that the working day itself should be reduced of ten ten hours to nine — st ill with this one obice her making the common f und of labour go flirt among its divisors. doe U CII a ' Our readers will discern at once that S ,;e0 trine as this must operate greatly to the prejn , " _ of all workmen with spirit, strength, enterprise in any degree above the common. Never was a system more effectually devised for redn,, el ; to a dead level of mediocrity or worse all do qualities which in every calling of life We .(P cur best to encourage. Excellence is made Pen a 'A the man is permitted to rise above his fellows, auu'hi clever, ingenious, and thrifty workman flo c ? , 131 r - shackled at every turn for the sitnr ie 1 1l r pose of protecting the bungler, the drunker`",' L the sloven. A man is reckoned and tick ability,_oeLr one of a community every me mber Of, which s. must be held equal, and must receive eq ual 15 ' -p s There are skilled workmen, and there are labourerto, but beyond these two divisions no difference to be recognized. One skilled work man repre6l.., precisely the equivalent of anot her skilled thel,o roan, and one labourer is entitled to exactly , same pay as another labourer. These are the effee" which Trades Unions are producing on trade. i We cannot say, however , tha t these resn",', whatever may be their ess ential character, 11.4 e - in contravention of the law. They maY ~',,t u nexpected, and they may be prejudicial, o f we do not see that t he y imply any breach rr f e s tatute. They would simply prove that in e e ` recen t legislation we h ad been sanctioning taro principles probably not contemplated by . e% il l l a ooo w tk g m i t lawgivers re certainer ls merely ; under but e or t that htehr e proceedings excitement e i a t l e l m . e nt If, 00 ff h t o t iv ec e v u .p e : Ili e , i 0 :1 1 : 5 : , contest, but in their regular, methodical, an u 5 sej n_b_ tematic policy, we shall not find it so easy to ae r l ili t t privilege of voluntary combination They are certainly not - content with the them. the law which llows. that a ever They commence action on the assumption y workman in a particular trade ought to belong to the Union of that trade. In many ca with in company s Unionists are ordered not to work w't non-Unionists, and other practices are adopted for the express purpose of driving men into the Uni e ,t These proceedings may be veiled under the disgu i _ le i of " moral suasion," but it is pretty evident avaa character they realy assume. Workmen refusiegt to conform to Unionist rules are " blacked," or pll under a species of interdict almost tantamount tet) deprivation of subsistence. By this system no only is a Trades' Union transformed from a velunn tary and harmless association into a tY ra7- nical and dictatorial club, but its operation In the particulars we have described above becomes tate to the trade, the greater, of course , worse than before. The more the Unions can di es their numbers, and with their numbers increased the temptation to proclaim levelling doctrines, an, the power to put those doctrines into force. If Ol e g_ a mong su ;:ave so many hundreds of members they mu sh the more likely to have slack hands them, t ;,.tid so much the more inducement to with work by the master beconis mand that these hands also shall be provided ~.. society's funds. We do not believe that a sing' aster instead of coming upon the instance can be cited in which the a ction of thes e Unions has been productive of any good to society, or even to their own members, though in n umber; less cases it has produced undeniable mischi ef ' Scarcely an improvement has occurred in the or plication of skilled labour or machinery to ant department of trade or agriculture which thes_er associations have not endeavoured to thwar t ° ts_ annihilate. A history of the various atteMP which have been made by the so-called advocate of the rights of labour to crush the e fforts (1 genius, and to blast the success of the gra ndes improvements in science, would form one of • ti f most instructive chapters in the annals of ci•vills,' tion. The Trades' Unions, though a more order 2 development, still are a development of the Pr i irl ,, eo , pie which, in a ruder form, inspired the Ludullito the Swing rioters, and the various other outbn,r:vo of brute force against intellect ands kill whieh e • been the shame of this country fel - the last ha N l y f century. Could they have had tla ir waY so ', no rre 1.1. _ 0 should have had n, steam printing' threshing machines, no powerlooms, nor any' those marvellous applications of science to !?.,, og _ u stihl e land a hundred fold, and formed an inexha ii . to matter, which have increased the capital of -r) fund for the employment of that very labororo which it is assumed to be an enemy. Such • opora ti r o : expressed We have already and repeatedly a o l iin!i , some of the results of the system now in a our ~ a. greatly mistaßea., • capital maintained, but we are thcse pricl sire to see the fair privileges of labour. 1' —if we have not said enough to show that • 5 leges have been most seriously ebused.--Tone • r tri Cu te tit! at fu j