The Sun. — London, England, 1807-08-15 00:00:00

r • , 3 f % IS IC SECOND EDITION SUN-OFFICE, THREE O'CLOCK, P. M. Since Our :Paper was put to Press Mr. &w, the Messenger, his arrived with Dispatches from Lord CATHCART. When Mr. Shaw came away the French had not fired a single-shot at Stralsund. AMERICA. NORFOLK, MONDAY EVEN INC. JULY 6, 1807. The agitation which our town WAS thrown into by the recent occurrence, had in some degree began tie sub , ide, and our citizens were waiting in calm . ex- Pedalion for the measures which our Governinent might adopt, when on Friday a movement of British ships again excited it. On the ailernoon of that day, the Bellona, Triumph, Leopard and Metampus came up from Lynhaven Ilay, and anchored in Hampton Roads, in such a manner as evidently proved that they t'esigned something serious. On Saturday a Pilot-boat came up to town, the Ma.ter of which reported that he had been brought to by the Bellona Ole Commodore's ship), and charged with the fol lowing letter front Commodore DOUGLAS to the Mayor of • this place . • " His Majesty's Ship Ilellona, Hamton-Roads, " SIR, tidy 3, tgo7. " I beg leavelo represent to you, that having obierved in .the Newspapers a Hee)letion, made by a Coin. tiatee on the eeth mt. pru:obiting any eonunu- \ rilcation bet st etat his Britannic 111.eeity's Consul, at Norfolk, and his Snips lying at anchor in Lynhaven Bay, and tins being_. measure extremely hostile, n.'ot only is depriving• the British Consul from dig ; charging ill? duties of his orrice, but at the 'same time preieniing me (ruin obtaining that information so ansoiuttrly iiecce.,s:ey for iiis- Majesty's service, I nm tla, re t. ire determined,.it this intringexueitt is out immettiately to prohibit every vessel, Wilma • • , either i,t or out of Nortiiik, to proceed to fneir ;. dea tinatioit, ti,,ttl I know the pleasure of my Oi.verli;• • men(, or the Giannander in Cheat on this ivation. ! . You 0104 ue perfectly aware, that the British Flag .tiewr has, nor will be insulted with impunity.. You inu4 also be 'aware, that it has been, and is still, in toy power to obstrat the whole trade of the Chesapeak, since the. late circumstance, which desice.t trout, trusting Shat general unanimity would be restored. Respecting the circumstance of the . deserters, lately apprehended frOm the United 6tateS" Frigate Cheisapeak, that, in nays opinion, must be decided bet tkeen the two Goyertunents . a/ene. it therefore rests with-the inhabitants of Norfolk either to engage in war or remain ou \terms of peace.— • " Agreeably to my intentions, I have proceeded to ilainpton Roads with the Squadron under My command; to await your answer, whielt.l trust yew will labour me with without delay. I have the. honour to be, Sir,. • • " Your obedient (tumble Servant, • "J. B. Dm/Q.l.as." " To Richard t.ee, Esq. Mu; of ut*Nuriolk, •Virginia." • P S. I • inclose you two letters, diretted to the British Consul at Norfolk, which you will be pleased to for•A and biro. " J. • The Mayor convened the'Recorder and-Aldermen, When the following answer was agreed on, and or. to be sent : • " SIR, " Norfolk, 'fitly ai 1907.. • " I have received. your menacing letter of yester day. Tile day otv,which this answer is written ought tot itself !,0 prove to the Subjects . of your Sovereign, that the American People are not to be intimidated by menace, or induced to adopt any measures,: ex cept 1.1 a sense of their perfect propriety. ''Sedeced by the false slim of security, they may Ae. same. times surprised and slaughtered,. while •iiiiiirepered to resist a supposed friend; that delusive SeCurityis stow, however, passed for ever. " the lite o:currence has taught usto confide our • safety no longer to any thing bat our own force. We 410 not seek hostility, nor shall we avoid it. :We are prepared tin' the worst you may attempt, and will ,do wli.itever shall be judged proper to repel force, whenever your etfurts shall render tiny act of our ile co L minty. Thus much for t he-threat's of your - letter, w hich Can be considered in no other light than i s a ddressed to the supposed fears of o ur Cinzenti, - 4 ` in answer tO ally part of-it which is particu larly. Addressed to me, as the.first Judicial Officer of this Borough, I have but to say, that yon . mu st be aware, that the Judiciary of no 'country possesses - any other powers than these conferred' upon' it by the law. " The same channel through which you have do rived the intelligence stated by yourself, must have • 'also.finootinced to you, that the .att of which you , complain is an act of individuals, and not of the vernment. If this att be wrong and illegal, the Ju . diciary of this country, whenever the. case is Properly brought before it, will take care to do its duty. At . Present it bath no judicial information of any out - rage ontlie. laws, and therefore will not att. "If you, Sir, 'Lase to consider this itat of indi-• viduals as a measure extremely hostile,' and shall commence hostility without waiting the decision of our two Governments, although you yourself ac knowledge that it properly belongs to them alone to decide, the inhabitants of 'Norfolk will conform to }'our example, , and prated themselves against any lawle” ttggression which may be made upon their Praotis or property; they therefore leave it with you, either to engage in a war, or to remain on terms of Peace until the pleasure 'of our respective qc.wern. Meets shall be known, " Your letters, direaed to the British Consul of ' this plaCe, halve been forwarded to him. , " I have the honour, to be, Sir, • ." Your most obedient Servant, RICHARD LEE, Mayor. " ' e • lo john E. Douglas, Ese:•ceinmataline His Britannic Alajestyes . seips in Hamptonitoads." ORK GAZETTN, JULY 11.-- - The following information we received 13st evening &oral Phila delphia. It was written on the add came irr the - stage which Lett that place at, ve o'ciciLit yes terday morning. This morning's Mail will eithqr coPtirtn or contradiet it : " The British Fleet have bombarded Norfb lk ~the ..'".1...- i4cknt-counqy is in arms. The neW3 arrived by exprcshalla 's PoiiiiiYel.y true.' `EPORT. The COmmittee who wer 'appointed to take into consicletation the Commt4cial State of the We,t India Colonies, and to report their proce4dinrs,' from time to time, to the House of Commons; and who were empowered to report the' minute - - - - . . of evidence taken before then v; awl to whom all _minutes of evidence which were taken before the . COmMittee in the last Session of Parliailteni, on the West India Planters' Petitions, together with their proceedings„ were referred --have, 15ur3ont to the order Of the House, examined the matters to them referred ; 'and have agreed to the following Report : • Your Committee have thought it their duty ) , in the first place, to inquire into the situation of the West India Planters at the present moment, and for several years preceding; and have examined various respeatable witnesses, proprietors of estates, who have resided many years in the West Indies, and who have had the properties of several absentees under their management ; and also many Merchants intimately acquainted with the expences and profits of a great variety 'of estates, and generally conversant with the West India Commerce. From their tes timony it appears, that since the year 1799, there has taken place a progressive deterioration in the situation of the Planters; resulting from a progressive diminution or the price of sugar, although at the same time the duty, and all the expellees attending the celtivatioe, have been increasing, till at length 'the depression of the market has become such, that the prices obtained for the last year's crop will not pay the 'expellee of cultivation, except upon estates on a. very great scale; making sugar of a very superior qua lity, orenjoying other extraordinary advantages. Cal culations have been laid before your Committee, from the accounts of estates,botli in Janiaica and the other Islands, by hich it appears, that the British iop plies and Island expences amount to2os. 19d. in ti former, and to 195..6c1. in the latter, an thp . Cwt. of Sugar, atter accounting and giving credit, for the amuunt received for the sale or Ruin. As these calculations are formed upon an average of years, awl upon estates of the ordmary wait , ~tai in no re-. spects unusually circutustaneea, a appears to your Committee, that these sums per cwt. of sugar may be taken as the average espcnce of cultivation, inde pendent ofinterest upon the capital ; and your Com mittee are couhrmeein this opinion by finding a similar calculation in the Report made by the Sugar Distillery Committee, in the last Parliament.—To this must be added an .expence of from 15s. (Id. to, 16s. per cwt. nemisaiily incurred for freight, insur ance, and other mercantile c.liires, bet w:A.I the gulping the goods in the Colonies and th e ir being offered- to snarl et in this kingdom, forming together an amount of from 353. ,to 3t)s. which appears, upon this evidence, to be the ah,olute cost; to the Planter per cwt. of sugar, before zny return of capital can attach.—Upon a reference to the average prices:pub lished in. the Gazette for the List eight months, wilich vary from ad.. to ;J is. giving a mean price of 335. dd. it appears evident that the Planters must baVe,cultivated Iliole estates at a loss. The interest, which has been stated to your Coop.. Initial) as what should be the fair profit upon a capital of such a nature as that of a Sugar Estate, conSisting not merely of land and Negroes, but of buildings of great extent and cost, necessary for the, c:lrryitig on of such a manula6turg, and subject vorioes and peculiar risks and vicisiitudes,isnot less. thait to per cent. During the peliod of prosperity previous to 1809, it is stated, that in general the profits did not exceed that sum ;• and that, from that period, .they have grade illy diminished to 26 'and- I per cent, tall at the presetit,tuomait, these is nu return of interest whateveu. It may perhaps be.right to notice'one exception, namely, of an estate must favourably circumstanced in every re3peet, where the profits are stated to hav;.! amounted, during At: four years t,795, i:796,. 1707, ,and 1798 ) to 1 per' cent..; b,ut they *vat' also 19 have declined ever since.; in 181)1, 1802, 1 . 803, and 1804, to have been .reduced :to about 6 per cent. andin to about 3 per cent, and siibiequenoy to have suffered a still further roduction. , - In the course of their investi ga tion of the situa tion of the Planters, your Conimittee thought it right to .ascertaiti whether it mi.,;htnot .be in their own power, in many instances, to remedy the evils of , their situation, by converting their sugar estates to other more ~profitable cultivation ; but the evidence on that point chews, that such . a con ver3ion must be attended ,with so. great a sacri fice of capital, as to be out of the question as a mosure of relief. With a view to the, prospeCt ,for the future, they have obtained a return of the quantity of sugar at present i n the West India Docks ; froth which, and from other evidence, •it appears, that the quantity now • on band is unusually great ten the time of Year.. The Crop of last year is also on the puint of cotniat into the market. It should not be omitted furth:r to state, that fur many . yeays past the Islands have. almost entirely 4 escaped ,the natural calamities (of hurricanes, &c.)' which have occasionally proved destriiiiive to the , property in those Countries. In Investigating the causes of that depression of the market; from whence the whole of the Planter's distress . appears to alginate, .the first objed which strikes YPW Committee, is, that extraordinary situa tion, in_ which lie is placed, which prevents him i alone exception, to every other similar case) from indemnifying himself for the increase of duty, and of other expences 'attending his celtivatiOn, by an equivalent Increase of price to the consume r. For it. appears, that since the year 1709, the duty on sugar has been raised from 20s. to 275. and con" tillgently to 30$. per cwt. ; the expellees; of the estates are calculated to have risen in many ar ticles so, and in others above 100 per cent. ; and the price haa fallen from 6gs. to 335. 6d. per cwt. the average of the last eight months. As it appears ob vious, from the above statement, that the duty is heavier than the article can bear at its present price, it is suggested that it might be expedient;for the relief of the home mark t, to extend the prin ciple which has been adopted on the•contingent,in. crease, of duty from 275. to 30s. ; so that, from the -maximum of duty then fixed, on a gross price of 80$. a4v,diug 30s. duty, and Sos. to the Planter,: the duty should be thrown back on a similar se .e nrouortion to the depression of the market, till the prig o arrii'V., at bOs. groSs, leaving 205, , al duty) to Governmetit, auvi lOL to the Papier ; in` tither words, a iedtAiolt off is. of dhty h n redu&ion of 2s. gross price ?. from the average then fixed for the imposition of thebew duty, aslar as COs: An increase of the lioenty un time export lets beeh also recommended ; and yonr Committee are of opieion, that it vv old& afford great reliefif ,given as an accompaniment to measures of restridion %ton neutrals, se es to render the expences un British and foreign produce-equal in' the,fbreign mat ket. A considerable depreciation in the . pr ice of rum haying also taken place, it has beert i sugested, that, the enconragement,of the consumption of that arti cle would bee considerableadvantage to the Planter. YoUr Committee are • a waret that such eecoutagcnient has been given, to a certain extxot, but if it were tbutid prztdicable to carry that assistance further, by an increased consumption , Irm the Army and Navy, such a measure .would, in their opinion,' have very beneficial etreCls ; or a .reduetiOn of duty on rum might afford essential relief to the Planter, without loss to the revenua,,which would be indemnified by an increased consumption of that spirit. Great, however, es are the evils of the decrease of price and increase of champs, it does .not appear,to your Committee, that they are the original causes of the distress of the Planter, by applying to which . alone any ,pradicable remedy he could: be more than partially relieved ; but that the mein evil, and that to which these are ultimately to be refer red, is the very unfavourable state of the foreign market, in which formerly the British Mvichant en joyed nearly a monopoly, but where he moot at present enter into competition with the Planters, not only , of the. neetrat, but of ,the hostile Colonies. The . ret4ilt of all their eneuiries.ou this most important part of the subject bite brought before their' eyes one grand and primary evil, from which. all the others are ersily to la:deduced ; namely, the, faci : - lily o f i n tercourse Uetweeu the hostile Colonies,hed, Europe, under the American new ral flag, by means of which not only the whole &J' their pi othice carried to a mai ket, but at charges e xecc i,l these of Peece; while , the Britise ,P;l:er is hurtoeue& with all the inconveniehc.e, risls, and e ‘ stmeoce, .re sultio& frum a state of war. The' advantages which the hostile Colonies de-, rive frcim the. relaxation ,of that principe,- - whielm prohibited any trade from being carried On will) the enemy's Cblonies by Neutrals during. War which the enemy himself did not permit to those Nen trals.therinpeace. may be in part es:lammed, by re terence to a statement of - the imports into Amster dam alone from the United States of America in • the year i SOf, amountiog to 34,05, , , hlids. of sugar, conveyed :in ,f 2 cofThe,"iad AL On 7 hh vessels,;.'hereeeto annexed; and to a .statement also annexed; of the amount of West India produce, exported from .the . United-- States of America, between 'the Ist October 'lBO5 gild 30Th September 10(i. in point of comparative expence, time ad vantages of the hostile Colonies will be tUtther illustrated by the evidence of Mr. Marryat, sup-- Orte& by satisthctory documents, , which strew the charges of freight and insurance on Stager from the. hostile- Colonies, through -the, United Settes of America, to the ports of Holland and FlandertyancL to thcise of time Mediterranean, to be less by s,•l. t t cl. to the former, and by 1 VS. 6d. to the latt.(v, than those charges on British bmgars to the same ports. Your Committee cannot omit to state also another importont advantage enjoyed by the french Colonies, arising frem the sale of nearly the whole French mercantile marine to Neutrals, under the stipulation of each vessel being returned into French , po r(4) . in order to he navigated. as Frepoli ‘t it hin twelve months after peace., rmd With t, e en - joyment during war, of the sline ht the ports'. of France as if th.,!y Were:,: aetualiv French ; for initancc, to import sugariit a duty of pdr ewt,,less than the cktty Impose.l on sugar imported in 'neutral vessels, • In order , Ao e,opnterbalance, in some degree, the adyantage3 thtrvoioYed by the hostile CoJenies, to the detriment of the,British PhInLI, it has ken te- Corntneitcleo, that a. blockade the ports - of the Ent my'i setlit"""" siu'uld roorted to; such. a measure,' if it .could be strictly enticed, would un doubtedly atiord . relict' to. our export traac. Biat a measure of more permanent and.certain ad vantage would be ;he enforcement revria ,tions 'on the trade between Neutrals and the Enemy's. Colonies, which were formerly miiintaisied by Great :13ritaini and from the' relaxation of which ,the :Eno my'sColonies obtain indirecily; during wet; all The :advantages of Peace; while our own Colonies; in, the intercourse with whom that system of Mono ooly which has been,held essential to the Cooilnet and Nilitary. Navy of this Country is riorOusly enforced, are deprived of the ai‘ iiitages under which in former Wars they carried their prodtlce to the tbreign markets, and which in .the present war, by means of heir decided Naval ,soperiority, would have aniountedto the exclusive supply.of the whole of Europe; and when those extraorcinary are taken into consideration which have been adopted to exclude the. British Colonisl produce from. the European market, it appears to your. Cominittee to • be a matter .of evident and imperious necessity to resort to such a system, as by impeding and restriit jog, and as far as possible, preventing the export of the produce of the enemy's Colonies from the places of its growth, shall compel the Continent to have recourse to the only source of supply, which v in that event, would be open to it. Ai it may be apprehended that from the adoption of such tueasures, difficulties might' arise in that in tercourse, from which the West Indies at present derive a considerable proportion of some of their supplies, your Committee have thought it thbir duty to make inquiry into the resources in that reset to which recourse might be had in such an event. During the onlyperiod which 401.4 an 'example-of the suspension of that intercourse, the evidence con curs as to the fn of a supply having been obtained (though not without temporary and occasional in canveuiences) from-a variety of sources v.11;i;11, may' reasonably he relied upon In , case of such necessity, at the present moment, to a greeter amount 'than at the former period. Fritm the exaininarion of perions who; in consequence of their residence in the 1304 :North American Settlements, or extensire commercial canneations with diem, liosiesS the bes.t information as to their pressitwand-buure,resources, there is ground .to 'believe that some supply of the principal articletof lumber - Might lie- . 6bnilied from thence ,iromeJiately., and to esped7that with -dne 'encouragement, the quantity , of that supply m igi i t te:increased-to any extent.._,. , ..„,- ~,,, ,'' i ',. The supply of Hour whifin they 'could at present 1, afford to the West India3.‘ rarket , Nyould be small,- ,- and of inretiOr finality.- Ti'iey appear :to he catiablis Of affording a large supply (If Fish, and what defi. » ciency might exit in other articles of salt provisions might be made up by supplies from Europe. ... . Upon the , whole, the - impression which your committee liave receivixf is, that. the trade no car- _ -rled on between.. flits Aritish Wet . Indies 4ind the United States - Of Aivierica, 'is very convenient and advantageous to the inhabitants of 'our o)lunirs, and One which they could not relinquish without, essen:.' tial:detrinient,' unless it were compen(atecl . by ctber Advantages; but tlVitt it. is nut et.sent'ell to their eXist-. :once, or equivalent to'the disadvantages of their situ ation, in those respe6t - s,. which your Conainitte4 have already gone through in the present statement. Your ComMittee having bi idly stated the disteess ed Situation of the West India Plantar—the cati.,;el WhiCh have gradually produced his:*disirress, whiCh are beyond his reach to remedy, and which lutist continue :oriperate with increased effea,—:ind hav ing stated such meabures of relief as have bc:eti sug gested to them, mid such es, from the best sources ' of infOrmation, appear most adequate to the end in view, have only to add, that if those remedies•are liable to objet4ions andditficalties,,there is en. the other hand the strongest concurrent testimony and proof, that unless some speedy and etficieut mea sures of relief are adopted, the ruin 0f a,great -num b of the, Pfaiits.rs, and of persons in. this country holdinglatsnuoties, acid otherwise: d(pendent upon those properties f4.)r•, their income,„ tuut inevita,bly very soon teie.place, whisli tnust 6c.followed by filo 10 , ,s of a v - -I,t C.lpital advati-Ltd on .st:curii i ! ,!.s in thtwe countries; and by the. ti n st ,'.t.11 injnrt• to tl:c . , Ctip.. inertial, maritime„, and fiii.!ti-iiti ini..., - ,..,t. , of Groat • Britain. DOGGErs CO:e17: 11.1.DGE, 'The annual Coat.and tiati , ,e, bequeathed by Dbt.;' GET, not being decided on the . 1 of 'August, iii cci'- sequence of several of the boata being fouled, is was determined th'at it should: W again contested, and accordingly, yesterday evening,. the fqllovit:g. six Water Men again started from.Old.Swan Stan ri, to the White Swan, 'Chelsea, .viz; ;=--Evans, Tower s t4 i ro .I , , y ers , Three . Qr.ines ; Black frias ; Fld wers, Hunprford ; SOIL flea . ] below Bridge and MaxiSetd, of notherhithe: • - They started at six o'clea, exaaly in the same order as on the . fanner occasinn. Evan's, tobk , the , lead, which he matntair:cd vith diffiCulty the way, although 'he was frequently attempted to be. , crossed by 'Price and 'Savee=, followed him within ti boat„ length, and se, .9,11 times, during"the contest, Were side by side; but; by great exertion, When coming in, be•shot considerably •head'of the others„, and claimed his Sayeis, as second, was entitled to M.; and Price,: as third, to When opposite Hungerford, Flowers declined the. contest, but the of hers continued -tbe.whole chfilapee. It was generally allowed to be one olliv,t beSt-con tested race; thAr has taken place for some years, the candidates ,bein so nearly matched. • The river exhibited a very gay scene, being covered with boats, and the evening being very line, drew a great crowd of speantors to the shores of the river. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARK ET FLRST OCTOBER MEETING: Mo's: AY. r. Formor's Hippomenet apt %Jr: 1). Rati.4 clifties irbAosNJ,git .31h. c4cil. li C. , Mr. Arth.,co, ‘',.lorbo - vood sr,t Mr. I. erbors 71b. 4:ich..Two taiddk: ,4 .4 ,ogs, h. ft. :Putsp,A v.:—Mr. 'V. Nekle's c, by Oboolmoixn by. Spanker, 3 yrs ottl,':.9;t. 7tb. lot Mr. Fermor so,,ber to tiusyk'', 2 yFN-t.t11,1, fiat. 1.414 t hilt of kb. bi. Icr.x;. h. it, Trt u p v.—Mr. I), R.Ochin's S Brit aor Air. Femur's HipPc'lncite 3 ) gst. !Lit. LEWES RACES, THURSDAY ' AUGUST 13. A SweApstakci of too. oach, "fig 3 C( r .lts and ha list i_ni!c. and a hall. _ _ Cosboriviolnied Mr. l'ermor's hr. t. Brighton, by Gota'Atift3,.. - Whowillk.ect over. W.llo6'i 061 . 1110 ben Alr. Fernaor's, Sst. 0). cach.. Four miles, siegs. Ir. ft.—Five to two'on Orville. Hl's;Vlajestv'> Plate of loogs. fem. arty Ilimse, Four.htile • • Heats. Sirloin , I.aunt:clot, ; yrs old j Pcinpe Vl' I ti•Nititro.tr,ss-J, 5 5.r3 01,1 , 2 , Mri CI AVtitl b i Bronze, 4 y ' 2 it! one qr) aft;:r the fisst heat five to prie ;)ii him; atter to second eveli b;:t(ing ; an excel tent face. . ' • . THE': nu AT:;l'..-- . .The . new 'Comedy of ErrOls Er'c' 41i:it was repeated last •night at the Haymarket -- neat re, Bud , received with , great npplan yes. The Perforinei - i were, as the phraq(l k, mare Atellan•ed. their part:;, and they eert3;nl: ) %`' everted themselves with great spirit. The vice artraiin;3 aitci interesting, and win scree t 0 wind . up the seaina with great 'success.--The House was croxek(L Mr. SunatpAN, in his late Pailiantentary Speech, spe a king of 130 , :1,4mece's beipen;.otis extent of pow- ' el', said, ..“.,Scepires are his Pa/iv/does, 7",;(1(.4(4 are his Altirtello Tweor,v, anti Sov(i . ei,vtv are his Cent, nels." This is a ,line oratorical linarish, but wouht become the Stage better than the . Senate, LIMERICK, AUG, 8.•-•..AbOilt I 1 O'.CIKICk- List night a number of Gentlemen' returning to this c:ty from ti party at Mountshannon, the selt of the Countess of, CLitts, in this county; were attacked near An .naicotty, by a gang of robbers, about 12 in number, • 311 armed with pistols end blunderbusses, ,T,)e Gen tlemen were in three carriages. In the first carriage attacked was a Gentleman, who, being provided with a blunderbuss, presented it at the robbers, who in stoutly retreated The Gentlemen in the other car. riages were not so fortunate—they were robbed of their watches, money, Sec. One of theM, Dr. W att _ BURTON, the Bishop of Limerick, received two slugs in the shoulder and ear, fired trouLa blundertniss by one Of •the villains. • His Lordship, lam happy to say, is, however, pronOunced oat of danger. Major M r .MAHow, and another of the Gentl(nnen, who. made a spiritedlesistance, were beaten in a shocking manner: In about two hours after, a 'Gentleman, returning from Castle Connet, in a pest-chaise, 'was attacked-near the same placei supposed by the iatne gum' who, having presented pistols it his head, robbed him of a gold 'watch, 501. in,ttotA and cash, • and his Portmanteau of clothes.; the•villams also fired at, but missed him. The i .realest.attiviiy is used t. ) r the discovery and apprehension of kite otfenuers,