The Sun. — London, England, 1802-05-28 00:00:00

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A Committ'i , : was appointed to consider of an indemnifi cation to l' -e made to the Sugar Coopers for ally losses they may sust; i ii by the proposed improvements of the Port of 1.0nd0.;,, and the Petition formerly presented by the Sugar Coo' f ,ers to this purpose was referred to the said Committee. CULTIVATION OF TRINIDAD. Mr. CANNING rose in consequence of a no tice he had given on a former day. He said, that certain circumstances and certain feelings had pre. vented him from taking a part in the late important discussions relative to the Peace ; but whatever his private opinions might be on that subject, now that the Peace was sanctioned by Parliament, there could exist but one aim among the Members and the Country at large, to make the best of the situation in which it had placed us, and to improve to the utmost advantage, what it had left us of the splen did acquisitions of the War. It was with this view he at- present turned the attention of the House to one of the most important of these acqui sitions. He would not deny or disguise that he was first attracted to the subject he now meant to submit to the House, by a subjeCt which .had for merly produced much discussion in the House, and on which he himself had the strongest feelings—he .alluded to the Slave Trade. Every Member of the House, and he among the rest, at the time this question was agitated, saw the necessity of putting a stop to the increase of that Trade by every possi ble means ; and it was the opinion of, this House which was his first inducemement to bring forward the present subject. Yet, though this was one motive with him, it was not the only one ; he was convinced in every view of Colonial or National policy, that every increase of the Slave Trade • ought to be obstruded. If, therefore, any Gentle man supposed he intended to revert to the former discussions on this subject, he was mistaken. If any one imagined he wished Trinidad to remain unimproved, he was mistaken ; he wished it to be improved more effectually, and with greater national advantage than could be done by the an- . tient system. If any one imagined that he wished to reverse or counteract any measures adopted by Government, he was most completely mistaken. Had . this question come into discussion under an Administration to which his confidence was com pletely given, and all his affections attached, he should have considered himself as bound in duty to bring forward the measure he meant to propose at preseot, whatever might have been the opinion of that Administration. Some might alledge that this was not a business which called for the inter ference of Parliament. To this he would reply, that a plan for the cultivation of Trinidad had been circulated. soon after it was ceded to us by the Preliminaries. He did not suppose that Govern ment had any knowledge of this plan, but certainly it had excited various speculations. A Motion made in the House soon after, relative to the sale of the Crown Lands, joined to the speculations con ceived on the circulation of the abovernentioned plan, excited his attention, and induced him to en quire it' it was intended, before putting it- into exe— cution, so submit to the House any plan that might be formed for the Cultivation of Trinidad. He was answered, that there appeared to be no reason for doing so. But, on the Definitive Treaty of Peace being submitted to the House, it had been, called upon to consider the present state of the Island of Trinidad, and to appreciate its value ; and its capability of improvement had been particularly insisteal upon. This circumstance again struck him forcibly, as there stood on the Records of the House an Address to His Majesty, humbly praying him to take all, ,possible steps to di minish the Slave Trade, which the unlimited cul tivation of this Island had a tendency greatly to increase. If then it was right in the House to present that Address to His Majesty, by his on. saver to which His Majesty now stood pledged, he thought the House hound to present the Address which h 4 meant at present to propose, and His Ma jesty to receive, as he did, the former one. He wished the House to understand the precise object of his intended Motion, that no - extraneous matter might be introduced into the discussion. His ob jeCt was delay ; delay, till the subject had been thoroughly investigated by Parliathent,' and till in- , quiries had been made, whether the Importation of Negroes was requisite to the cultivation of Trini dad. If this delay was not granted, and Contracts were at present entered into, one of two difficulties must he incurred ;—either these Contracts must be pleaded in bar of all future discussion on the subject, or the interest of individuals must he infringed up on. Government was therefore bound to defer mak ing grants, or exciting hopes, till Parliament had deliberately and completely decided what was proper to be done. The object of his intended Motion, thus defined, naturally divided itself into two heads :—First, how far the House was pledged not to augment the Slave Trade, and how far the Importation of Negroes to cultivate Trinidad would tend to augment that Trade :—•and, secondly, bow far this affected our Colonial and National Policy. With regard to the first of these considerations, how far the House stood pledged riot to,promote the increase of the Slave Trade, he would re fer to the Addresses presented by- the House to His Majesty for its gradual Abolition.—[These Addresses were then read.]— Before he proceed ed to comment on these Addresses, he said, that as several of the Members present had not heard the former discussions which led to these Addresses, it would be necessary for him shortly to review them. The motion for the Address in 1792 was hailed as the first practical method ever proposed, of reducing the Slave Trade without hurting the Colonies. It was moved by a Right Hon. Friend of his, who was known to be as much ',attached to our Colonial Interest ns any man ; and many. who had never been able to make up tln!ir mind before, saw in this middle way an opportunity of promoting the cause of Humanity, without juring the interests . of individuals. The Address of' 1797 was, like the other, not the offspring of enthusiasm. It was brought forward by a Member of the Colonial Trade, and sanClioned almost by the universal approbation of the Colonists. That Member of their body, most likely to insure its success by the re: pct due to his personal charaCer, was chosen to bring it forward ; and it was gra ciously received by the Throne. This Address contained a plan fur the gradual abolition and ulti mate ex tinCtion of tly: Slave Trade ; and though he did not at the time look upon the means it pre.. sented as satisfaCtory, yet he could not but think . them every sva excellent, when compared with the present measures. He now eagerly desired to have that compromise back again, if we are to pursue the plan of unlimited cultivation. The House were bound in honour to bring it back. He appealed equally to those moderate men who 1 . had carried the Address of 1792,, and the West ' India Gentlemen who had brought forward the Address of 1797 ; he appealed to their honour and their feelings to support an Address, which only went to carry their former Addresses into execution. But it might be said, that although these Addresses were then thought proper, circumstances had now changed. He would, therefore, call upon the House to consider the present question, under these altered circumstances, and without any retrosped to former discussion. He conceived that his intended Address could he opposed only by two descriptions of persons : First, by such as thought the Slave Trade amiable on its own account. With such men he could not pretend to reason, as there was no point of coinci dence from which their difference could set out, there being no feeling in common between them. But it might be opposed by men of a very different de scription, by such as thought the Slave Trade ought to have been abolished at once, without any intertne dime steps, or any remedy shoreof its total extinCtion. But it was a very false idea that all remedy ought to be rejeeted, rather than partial evil be allowed to remain. It was a dangerous method, and often failed of success, to accumulate evils in onset to hasten- the remedy. It was to be considered, Nviie, ther the remedy, when brought about by these means, would -bear a greater proportion to the accu mulated evil; than the gradual diminution would by that time have' done. It was now 'to be con sidered, how -far the Importation of Negroes into Trinidad would tend to increase the Slave Trade: —By the Papers on the Table :it would - appear, that there remained to be given away in grants, ' 2720 divisions, consisting of 320 acres each, of land capable of cultivation in the Island of Tri. nidad. The part adapted to raising sugar amount cd to about ‘24.0,0c0 acres ;_ and the number of Negroes required in the sugar plantations being the greatest, might most fairly be taken as an average of the whole. 'While-that Island remained in the • hands of Spain, there were in cultivation 400 allot ments, which, according to the most accurate in formation, amounted to 34.,000 acres in all. This was reckoned a large computation, and yet it was rather less than one-twenty fifth of what was now to be granted. On these 34,000 acres, fo,ooo Slaves had been employed. The simplest method then of ascertaining what number Would be requisite to • cultivate these grants would be, to multiply to,ooo by 25. But even the large number pro duced by this calculation would fall short of the reality, as would appear by the statements of the number of Slaves requisite to reduce Jamaica to its present state of cultivation. On this occasion he would make use of the accurate statements of Bryan LAwards, as they . were less, and consequently might be thought less objeftionable than those of the Privy Council. In Jamaica there were in the year 1785 one million of - acres in cultivation, of which 700,000 were in sugar, of which one half might be deduCled for waste, pasture, &c. The number of acres thus aatually under sugar in Jamaica were 350,000, on which 250,000 Negroes were em ployed. • By the same computation, the number„, of Negroes to be employed - on the land .to be granted in Trinidad, ,Would' - amount to . 220;000. It was also to be recolleCted, that a century and a half had been spent in_ bringing Jamaica to its present state of cultivation. Was it to be supposed, that at the present day the cultivation of Trinidad would bt carried on in as slow and progressive a manner ? In the year 1673, the number of the Negroes em ployed in Jamaica amounted to 9000, nearly the same number as is at present employed in Trinidad. Between the year 1700 and 1787, there were im ported into Jamaica 610,000 Negroes ; and yet this importation took place during a slow and pro gressive method of improvement, without any at, tempt to push ftmvard the cultivation. But if Trinidad were to be purchased at once by men who were only intent upon turning their capital as quickly as possible to account, we must add to the 610,000 the waste from clearing the grounds, and the waste of unseasoned negroes which would justify us in computing that more than a million of lives would be swept away before Trinidad could be brought to the same -state of cultivation which at present exists in Jamaica. With such considerations then in view, Gentlemen ought to pause before they voted such a measure as the unlimited cultivation of Trinidad. They ought to pause before they sacri ficed the general interests of humanity to their complaisance for any set of men whatever, to a . measure that tended to enrich only a few of the Citizens of London. General and not individual interests ought to be considered in such a question ; and we ought not to look to the policy of other nations, but the advantages of our own. Some step therefore ought to be taken to keep this subjeCt open to the future cOnSideration of Parliament. We ought not to aCi as if we likt'only looked into a Commer cial Dietionary, and there computed how many pounds and tons of Sugar Trinidad would yield us in a given time. We ought to extend our prospeas farther, and consider if Trinidad might not be made a more profitable acquisition by other means than a precipitate mode of cultivation. If Negroes were ultimately found necessary, Africa was still-open, her unhappy natives were al-• ways ready for the purchaser, and this source could. always be rrosorted to, It might be said, that if - . relinquished the Slave Trade in :my. one Cohn .!'t, it would throW a slur on the rest who retaineitt This was a Most pernicious argument, that we s' ° oos continue a from which we were unable to exorieate ourselved, nraCke because it had led us into e' s . At the time when the Slave Trade was last aglot e „ it was found imoossible to abolish it without m 3 "__ rially injuring our colonies, in which it, had bect.n_n; an• inveterate-evil. -But 'Besnevolence tun , e no doubt formed a wish, t h a t some I s l an d could be found where that horrid traffic might be ah"l ishe • without injuring our Natio na l o r Colonial interests. Such an - Island had now been found, and the troth °,. • our benevolent professionswe're now pu t to-the._t e-t. It might, how t ter, be said, that though the addresses of 179 Z and 1797 seemed, at the tune, to merit port, yet circumstances were now altered ; that 3ne fort, on our part, to i ncrease t h e cu l t i v ation of:Sug lr. ' was required by the competition of Foreign larket 6l by the increa s e of demand, in consequence of t he re ' opening o f th e P orts o f E urope , an d by t he exceo.:ct profits arisin g from the monopolies of "" ‘ Ve t ile India Plant ers . B ut t h e reverse o f a ll this w° ° be found t o b e t h e f a d. The destrudion °f St. D o mi ngo h a d t a k en o ff a ll foreign CO, petition ;• t h e P orts o f E urope were. still I ' l'l l3 against us, and our West India Merchants C° te . hardly dispose of their sugars at any price. the immediate teodency, therefore, of precipitating cultivation of Trinidad w o uld be to glut our kets. He did not p reten d to say t h at a market for all thi s i n c rease might not, scane time henc e, found, but it was odd to ch as e fo r i ts introdaT h the , very moment when it would be attended n i t g the wotst consequences. It m i g h t be tln )u g lie : strange that - he who formerly seemed to oppOse a . interests of the West Indi a M erc h ants , now are a ' in their favour. He h a d, ho wever , a lways 'f e ta their friend, but f oun d hi m s e lf o bli ge d to o vieh i : • the stronger motives of H u nia n ity - , when t heir I° ,` e , terest interfered ‘Vith ale abolition of the sl ':a Trade. Now, however,. the s t at e o f things "" changed ;. the interests of the West India M er ; chants and the suppression of the Slave Trade we i r , on the same side ;. and no one now could jasti: , ; oppose his present motion, but those who had s° l , l-- e . ported the Slave Trade on account of its 0" 4! beauties, though they had' formerly concealed th e i . • partiality under the mask of patriorism,—Hc i lii, proceeded to consider th e s e con d division of ' e j: . • subjed, how far our nati on al p o li c y wa s concer a tc y: in preventing the importation of Negroes I ` l o ,' ' Trinidad. No one could look at the present C° , o oi . test in St. Domingo without apprehending gr - lt ; , danger from its terminatio n e i t h e r way 11° 0 ' t t• its moral situation, if the Negroes prevailed; 3 00 from its military situation, -if the French , were successful. We ought then to consi` o . it, Trinidad might be made to incre4tse a pal strength to resist these dangers. It inlet said that wealth is strength ; but let any ' look at the present ,situation of our West I°, t o Islands, and observe if this be the case. It 076,, be said that Trinidad mi g h t , al ong w i t h its ist vation, be alsb made strong . : but it was prod O such times as these to provide for security, welavished our capital on any adventure. "rh e tivation of the 'West India Islands did not PN c ro sl' upon the same principle as an .Mcrease of mic e ,; strength ; it was therefore proper to adopt 3 'f an rent method. On commencing the cultivation , 0 ,31• island, it was proper t o provide for its in t ` na la , strength, while we introduced an increased - I' l loft tiono The foundation of a nati v e p o p u lation Z r e ' to be , laid, and this was t o be d one , n ot DY grants to individuals, but by dividing smal l ,- , t te o priet ar ieS among t h e F ree N egroes , t he 5 °,` 1 , 0 0 who wi s hed to se t t l e i n t h e W est I n di es , an` n eig h. Labourers . who an n ually r e s orte d f rom the n e . 1 j 1 7, 0 14 Louring Colonies to work for hire in -Tri °l o o and who might by this means, be tempted t' o ot, a permanent residence there. There Wer e w ho about too Natives remaining in Trinidad' firt eti would quickly multiply, and produce a race 0 4 to the soil. There was no reason why Tri l ' a d might not by these means, be sufficiently peopl ed cultivated without the importation of a sillg` i4 groe. Other methods might also be devised t ° oe p tivate Trinidad, without the assist a nce of Neg r be ett . Different substitutes for human labour 11-ad:j n o proposed, which the Planters declared they b' lose a objedion,to adopt, but they could no t afford to mail year's ,returns in trying experiments. Here wa s eat si an opportunity offered of trying these experi rp o ies, and thus benefiting all the West India C° l° s s d without imposing on any individual the ne ce io os, • of running any risk. After all those consider at srat a he implored the House not to consent to agg r . 3 o o;• ch! horrors of an inhuman trade, or prefer the I est of individuals to a ,steady adherence to print Jet# Before moving the. Address, he said he wished t°, obi' plain one paragraph in it. The only pradiea r iot' ico s n Lion which he could foresee was, that the pre' a 0 1 of giving grants might tend to tie up the W ° o ti , Government from doingaas of kindness. 1. •art viate this objedion, he had introduced an.ex ceP a t el in favour of those now living in the Islands re rr st r i a iie to France, and who might wish to settle i n ' ink dad. He did not wish to prevent them from ea r o r i f e , their present property thither, but only 7 net s stria them from making accessions to . it b Y v irlef importation of Negroes. He concluded by 110 " That an, humble Address be presented ote. der Majesty, humbly requesting, that, in 0 r •a i lor prevent any importation of Negroes into It i° ll l i A l4 under colour or pretext of new .grants, obstru't any future restriaions on such lol se j t o tion, His Majesty would be graciously plea v i t lt , direr that 'no new grants or sales be mad e ti% not bbn ' out the express stipulation confirmed by a . or or n to employ in their cultivation any Negr c ' eSl „,o fr k . ed from Africa, until a report has ,been • %vhich l oop Parliament of the ,circumstances • of tIIC 151 1 Parliament shall have in consequence adoPtel w tbP ea ting"l o istr '% regulations ; and further humbly Tell" o ittYsta lo c ' His Majeaty would be graciously pleas, tio direaions that there be laid before_ ,fit=' in 0 1 5 , an account of all tine Sales and Grants ma` i : lt i o rsf e, mean time, and also a plan of such Reg ° far t' f Government may think proper to ad ° P c 'tsee cultivation of the Island of Trinidad, in the the SW% o f se most likely to prevent the- increase • p Trade, and to promote the stability, in t ;g rP security of our Colonial Establishment s. Mi. Stvaq as seconded the Motion.. i 1 ft f 1'