The Sun. — London, England, 1862-08-02 00:00:00

' Be not afraid'—MENDELSBOllll- 4 I even 14-1 .' Romish Fiddlers are acting without my key-note sanction, altho' made their h Deputy by '9l Act (1820-25, by Castlereagh's Calvin-protußrant to FESCR'S a. double office of Archbishop of Lyons, and Cardinal of Enay Ca nada—as Labrador successor to 14th Clem , nt '72's Jesuit outing, and '93's NAP. temporal holy see)'ng—Quebe c, as Crown probate -surrogate over montagueiDalhossie's Commune offranehie to Chamber of Deputies,' yr ' 79 ' B ALLOON ASCENTS without cc LE NO R. MAND'S" 1783 PARA CHU rz FALL , Alp ' MEMO.—The Cruelty to Animals Act' g i v es civic cause for magisterial stoppage of these R. C. Coal'rs fret-fool Of col ery ex citements, without wisdom being manifest in To lapse efflux retreat,—at Over-3-mile Zone-electric to gas lb. within the balloon, as seen—above Wolverhampton's poor Union mill' of the Dudley Somerie Swinford Exchange— at which point of 26in.-barameter FoulairdroP L'A-tribute out -brace spring Parachute ought to have been Egypt spread, on 17 July—Acciden ts and Suez Offences bill. 32- :: 36 in. Mr. Coxwell's omission to take up, car-affixed, the pure oxygenic wax taper flame (obtained in Piccadilly), u se d i n its vehicle ' the lamp of life,' for nasal vacu 9 -shield-bone inhalation —by all Aeronauts, against the 151 b square inch atmosphf ric pressure on the lungs —accounts for Blue-lipid Glaisher suffering the 451 b in., the' descent-saved by hy drogen gas-life circumvention—reminding him of Shen stone's Tulchan 'straw-calf couplet (on 'Nun' Qu'endrida o f Tivton), for bringing down the xayn'othmilkuser : ( That in Clent, as "i• martyed, under a thorn 1 071 6' B l ‘‘ Lieth, King Ken'elm with head off-shorn.' J as the defunct ancestors of Emp. Conrad ll.'s G.-daughter Agatha, Malcolm m's maternal 9-Liz-offspring, now in Spa nish Escurial of Philip IL, (whose daddy, CAR. v., was Gaunt-constable of England), as Saxon kin of Edward 111., herein ambush'd—' Salve Lucr a in' Pompeii'd, yr. 79. The quicksilver drop 16—an. show aloft, with di-luced Net expansion of balloon, evidenced the absence of Nitro-moist fog within the motive power, and influx of the dry elec tricity, by the drowning-like effects on the system—the pit a-pat pulse of a Tucked-up heart, o'er its key-diaphragm, sounded the Thumb-inch tic-dirge music of the spheres, whilst the wiry hair and ruffled paper gave a Monochord that they were entering 'Paradise ' where the first pair meet' at 15in. degree, for Specula-crystalization of the blood —on Airey's 31 barometer scale, false to this latitude—so broken (instrument 395 Strand), by the elements they Glaisher, and Co., R. Obs.'—intended to correct.'Negrette, So Windsor-tie bowl-waft Z Q'erhead Of/cot, Cole region of wehr-Wulfra Hampton of EDGAR'S sistee—jahn-lifeseat to Phaeron'd collapse (belly-paunch-like), bull'srun, to the Lang-hamlet of Oakham4l,—on Union deputy D.C.L. Pal merston's '9l Tulchan-pope vise, by x Wrottesley's D?rothy Dudley-Wardship of Bassett-wilton * S tamford. This ' civil education code '3l evil Comi fn-go bye, 29th Aug., '2s—shows by gas'ous ebange, also for man's safe re aeriform- within, in cases of Low fire- dam p on Vaccu° rarifi cation of the breath, for purification of the blood against any sk i n -di s colour of hands ' at four miles 4 prusian-police blue' altitude' absence of Wi n ged life—shows a precedent for future Penduf umbrella -like dipfalls, tho' opposed to Cox well's Aeronaut-miltonic idea, with Virgil's oct-troy 9th discord line--(to Mundane-S-oval of Henry B's-lease at Kennington-Butt's, et ceteras 1791, of sham Cilticherof L'anker star's white-Alba-gait for stinking-fish 'Ruff's)— on ‘,? stellar G° 9 fe"gog-fierry • : : gyration. " Facilis defoendsus Xverni." N.] Atkyns- Montague C. bd.. ACKERLEY, Ex6c. . • 1-2 W. Iv., N.. 54, Cha,mberlayne' aie-sworn. • - PETER BASQUET, Income-tax chief (1842 unpaid§ of ▪ .• • China Ruff wall circuit horizon of—. London, Aug. 2. -11 1862) its Montezuma-inch Admiralty red flag, not in L,Brant's power t o g i ve u p IMP . 1793 China, to li.ereY, & GREY cause of Capt'n's xi-yr support. tho' ministers use his brains, and mock him &c to death, with intimorito della voce, del Padrone sul'onde,' for holding to 1820-25-37's Carib-protectorship oath on its £9O• yr retaining fee for his duty expenditure of £1,600 for Indian of America, which the Treasury refuse to pay or reply to their own unrelieved Sentinel appointments, under the polar map inch eurvey act of 1818, § 9, for Deputy soil title (on eit-juration act 1791, § 7. to Ackerley's R.N.*voice) —to Romish Catholic corporate &a. of Labrador, Bal tintore maryland, and Brazil, under Luther cburch pay—for their office o tth, unknown to him till Pe E te a e r s l a G rr r i e v y a ,s l i N n o l v B e s m l 'be a r s Pontiff's deputy— re cognised by letter that Indian justice should be done , ' — by his election as 'fit' Deputy High Constable of England 'etc: To M. Jefferies, & of Tame-(worth, Stour-Trent Anker .t river fishing under Poor Law 0. S. audits, March 25, and its nate in aid on 3d-Eliz.) in part of Guy's Hospital by 21 July, 1521 -2-CARL. V. & H. 8, of Southark bar' for Clapham's Conjugate reciprocity 31, in yellow Tiber' Zoll verein trustee ship—on the 4 great nations of Gaul, yr 42, Lion -Ponta de Archcveche—statute of 4th Geo. 4, chapter 74—barometer lb. (See Sun April 19, 28, May 16, & July 19.) • N EVERY WEEK. ONE PENNY. CRYSTAL PALACE.-MONDAY NEXT.- ONE SHILLING. —Open from NINE till Dusk. -LA M LONDIN onMONDAY NEXT, at FOUR.— More wonderful than ever. CRYSTAL PALACE.—BLONDIN will repeat his extraordinary Performances on the LOW TIGHT ROPE, on Monday next, at Four o'Clock. On Tuesday he will walk the HIGH ROPE over the Fountains. These will be Blondin's only performances at the Palace during the week. Reserved Seat Tickets may be had at the Ticket Stands in the Centre Transept. CRYSTAL PALACE.-MONDAY NPXT.- BLONDIN'S extraordinary PERFORMANCES, with and without the balance Pole, on the LOW ROPE, in the Centre Transept, will, amongst others, include the following Feats : Clog Dance. Basket Dance. Stilt Dance. Somersaults over Burning Candles. Great Chair Feats. La Tour du Chapeau. Overture on the Violin. Flag Dance. Drum Polka. Daring Somersaults. Commence at FOUR o'clock. Admission, ONE SHILLING. NoTE.—Parties arriving late will find ample accommoda tion in the Reserved teats, C A NTE R B U R Y HALL. The renowned Performers, DEBONNAIRE and AUGONARD (from Paris). Grand Selections from " DON SEBASTIEN" and " IL TROVATORE," p r incipal Artistes—Miss Rul, Signor Tivoli, Mr. Raynor, and Mr. Ru ssel s sell Grover. The gi•eat Comic Trio, Eugene, Duley, and Unsworth (the oridnal Stump orator, "Or any other man." Also the fol lowin Comic favourites — Marshall, as " Lord Dundreary ;" , J. G."Forde, A. B. Ilollingsworth, and Miss Georgina Smithson. Visitors to London are informed that the Picture Gallery is open to the public on Sunday evenings. T H E x.F ORB, 6, OXFORD STREET. " TT? E DAUGHTER OF THE ISLES," a Cantata composed by H. LESLIE, Esq., and written by A. MATTillsoN. Esq., in honour of the Illarriaze of her }loyal ilio hnes s the Princess Alice , EVERY EVENING, in " a ddition to the usu a l entertain ment s, which include ,Niessrs. operatic selons by 31:ss Rtn4ell, 3 with Full Ln.:ame Enderssohn, Morelctiey, Greene, and Albert, l Band and Chorus ; the Comic performances of Miss Caroline Parkes and Mr. IV. Randall, , the Ethic:Tian oddities of Rumsey, Newcomb, Littl e Bob, Eugene, and Unsworth (the origlnai "or an y other man" ,, and the , astounding feats on the Flying Trapeze of D EBONN Ball, 6d.; Balcony and Stalls, ls. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. Mr. D. Boucicault, sole Lessee. '• Evening, THE SPITALFIELDS WEAVER. 3,,-s,,rs, Atkins, F. Robinson ; Sara Stevens. After which, TbE COLLEEN BAWN. Boucicault, Mdme. Celeste, Am :To conclude with THE KISS IN THE DARK. Commence at 7. THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Buckstone. This Evening, THE BALANCE OF COMFORT. After 01,13 AMERICAN COUSIN : Messrs. Buckstone, Bothern • Mrs. C. Young, Miss Oliver, &c. With LA CON TRABA'NDISTA : Perea Nena, &c And DEAF AS A 30ST. Commence at 7. NEIV THEATEE-ROYAL, ADELPHI. Bole Prof , rietor and Marager, Mr. Benjamin Webster.. . n NW T eb h ;6J:telling% THE DEAD HEART. Messrs. Benjamin SHILLINt T I Otc , Miss Woolgar, &c. And IHE 'Toole, e, . ; LAY. Commence at 7. It43. YAL Lessee PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Manager, Mr. A. Harris. This Evening, TA . v : ,quarter to `c, KING ir j,.{ , ,ENDEZVOUS. After which, at a K ea n, ike. With Tili ti C'e .• Mr. and Mrs. Charles c o _ARRIED. _M ce at 7. ROYAL LYe - R ip ,; --- ie Lesse- , a" 31 anael i . THEATRE. g,l3o l , l %p r ] s P , 4, 421 e• . 1) 14 , 1 : u • d e r rs n dLFacalye,onFalconer. This Ev Addison ; r COLLEFr A e Iv dJ KILLAttNEY. Conclude with LAST. Charles Selby and Lyd;allThota SETTLED AT COMmence at '2. PaOn. ASTLEY'S YAL AMPIIITIrE rroprietor and 'Manager, Mr. W. u t ATRE. This Evening - , 3IAZEPPA : Mr. C. MortiraYe; Scenes in the Circle by the unrivalled Troupe of lliant Foreign Equestrians. COneltiding' with a Coroi.eli ti ftli a n d all ot Commence at 7. NOTICE. All remittances are, henceforth, to be made to Mr. JOHN CHAPLIN, at The Sun o ffice, 112, St ra nd, who has been appointed, by the L ord Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of Ve Sun newspaper, and the outstanding debid due in respect thereof. . HIGH W A TEE , AT LONDON BRIDGE. Li I 9 DAY. —Morning, sh. 50m.—Afternoon, 6h. 12m. To-Yroßnow.-Morning, 611. 37m.—Afternoon, 7h. 2m. THE SUN, LONDON, SAT[TgDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2, 1862. rjcltA Vt S c. • • .02 •••' • ••' , ( 1 , ;;‘ AI ' P• 4 LI6. C 4 , ; 2t; yr. „ ••is TIL SUN. LONDON, SATURDAI, AUGUST 2, 1862. The Premi er 1 , ---- -. in his best cue last night . It was better, to not It sure, than getting in a pas sion, and calling naeu like t M r. COBDEN dunces; still, whate ver the merit his case, his speecb, fora wonder , reads some what 'those of 3lr. COBDEN and Mr, DisRAELL The first had, indeed, the advantage of choosing his line of attack, though Lord PALlaxa s Tozi could hardly doubt what it would be, and Mr. DISRAELI that of the summing up, as judge, after hearing "the leading counsel in this great controversy between the Liberal party and the Reform Go vernment." Still, we must say that we expected something cleverer from the yet merry Premier of three score and fifteen. He is, of course, always stronger in banter than in argument ; it is his constant and successful fence ; but on the ' present occasion, though good retorts were not wanting, they were fewer than usual. His speech, on the whole, produces the impression that the " counsel for the Reform Government" felt that that of the " counsel for the Liberal party" might tell more than he wished, on the jury which would hear all next morning, and which would deliver its verdict at the next election. But let us hear the counsel for the Liberals. His speech was long, but certainly not wearisome. The principal counts of his indictment were—the failure of the Government to fulfil the pledges by which it obtained office, and turned out the Tory Govern ment—on three points, Economy, Non-interven tion, and Reform. In regard to the first it was pleaded that a return to Parliament showed the PALMERsTON taxation to be the heaviest yet known in time of peace. In 1830 taxation amounted to £2 4s. 11d. per head ; in 1840, to £1 18s. 2d ; in 1850, to £2 ls. sd. ; and in 1860, to £2 Bs. ld. The Chan cellor of the Exchequer himself showed that the taxation had increased in a duplicate ratio to the wealth of the country. But that was not all, the army and navy estimates this year are larger by £8,000,000 than those proposed by Mr DIsRAELI in 1858-9. And while the other members of the Cabinet had each their fair share of responsibility for them, yet it was also fair to regard the Premier as theprimum mobile of all this expenditure• Mr. COBDEN rightly thought that Lord PALMERSTON would take credit to himself for being so. And recounting the details of the noble lord's policy, dating from the Syrian war, which occasioned the first rise in our estimates, he reckoned the noble lord had cost us about £100,000,000 ! The sincerity of the noble lord was admitted, but it was the sincerity of monomania, and it was a monomania which had led to ceaseless agitation o n the naval expenditure, or rather strength of France; for whatever strength France had, or has, was gained at a small expenditure compared with ours. Then came the clever illustration from WHATELEY'S " Historic Doubts relative to NA POLEON BONAPARTE," from which Mr. COBDEN quoted a passage amusingly descriptive of the way in which the speaker wished to represent Lord PALMERSTON as unloosing the pockets of the people by the bugbear of a French Invasion_ So the absurd and comic reasoner in WHATELEY represents the Minister for the day doing in the time of BONAPARTE. But this, says Lord PALMERSTON and some of the press this morning, was rather a satire of those who used such arguments. In Mr. COBDEN'S speech, however, we do not perceive a trace of reliance on the justice of the application of the argument. It was quoted as a happy descrip tion of what Prime Ministers might do at any time—if it did not fit WILLIAM PITT it does fit Lord PALMERSTON, is how we understand the quo tation. We are afraid the cap does fit, for Lord PALMERSTON only got rid of it by saying it did not fit Mr. PITT. This, with his good leave, was not the question. Which was—whether it fitted him. Of course in impugning the waste and extrava gance at the Admiralty and in the Dockyards, Mr. COBDEN had easy work—but the point of the charge was that the Liberal Government, in gettimg rid of £30,000,000 of money had to she w for it but one or two of the class of ships which are now con fessed to he the only efficient ones in a naval con flict. The cry is continually raised that the French are outbuilding us, but we never hear of any investigation into the doings of the men who have spent such an incredible amount of money, leaving us still so little superior to our rival. A chief clerk of a mer chant, who had filled his own department of the warehouse with unsaleable goods would be cailed to account for it by the merchant. The Liberal party, under the leadership of the noble lord, will in like manner be called to account for thirty million's worth of ships, which the Americans openly tell us they do not fear. The Chinese wars were naturally adduced by Mr. COBDEN as evi dence that the non-intervention pledges of the Government, and indiscreet haste was alleged in the case of the Trent. That the present war in China has alone upset Mr. GLADSTONE'S budget seems to be certain—as the troops kept there will more than swallow up all Lis surplus. But where the indictment on behalf of the Liberal party against Lord PALMERSTON was best sustained, was on the question of party. Indeed, Lord PALMERSTON could offer no reply to it, but that of throwing over party. It is now matter of notoriety that the advanced Liberals, disgusted with the Toryism and large expenditure of the Premier, were ready to unite with Mr. Disraeli and the Tories to turn him out of office. The result was, that the greater part of the Tories deserted their leader. " Some one got at Mr. WALPOLE in the stable," as Mr. OSBORNE said of him, and he who was to have been the Tory winner threw up, because he, and other Tories with him, thought Lord PALMERSTON a more effi cient Tory than any of their own number. It could not be denied that under the leadership of the noble lord every Liberal measure had retrograded —the Ballot, Church Rates, Marriage Law, Burial Grounds, Grammar Schools Bill, had all gone back wards, as well as Reform Bills. Even the night poaching Bill had only one vote from him, and that one to help it. Led as the Liberal party now is, its conduct becomes slack, and the principles advocated by the party lose ground. Counsel for the Liberals says therefore, better than go on so let us go into opposition. Our position now is that the present Opposition have all the advantages O t Power, with none of its responsibilities. Con servative reaction there is none—it is an absurdity. 1314 there is such a thing as a Liberal Government triumphi ng over the great body of the Liberals by the hel p 0 he Con serva ti ves . The defe nce Lord PALMERSTON may be almost su mmed up in in Ile sentence—the House and the country went with bat. made the main point thi s • O n what Mr. COBDEN { 1414 true. To every argument I of M • r COBDEN'S the Pre mier Tile : t ad reply that he t for the Minister of a IS d the most votes. fr much, too, in this argument Country. The will be, di d only raustere question the Mi n i s t er mislead the c ountry Lord PALME R oN evaded h e ther he had or h ad not main question , w of invason, on whic played hdanger sub. t oed by the people to haveject a Mi n i s ter is presu me d the beat i n f or mation. He appealed to th e Voian_ teers, for ge tti ng h ow he bad sn u bbed the movement at the beginni ng , an d forgetful, to o, that it W as ve ry much adv ocate d b y ma ny as a mean s of rem. dering unnecessary such an extravagant military expenditure. He denies, and we only hope events will justify the denial, that we shall be led into a war in China ; and we m ay hope, after the warning he has had, that ho will confine himself carefully to the protection of the trading rorts. The icharge of practical Toryism the Leader of the House seemed little disposed to repel ; and altogether we must think Lord PALMERSTON'S speech of last night one of his tamest per formances. While the French EMPEROR is indulging his whims and fancies down in the little camp in the vicinity of Vichy, now leisurely smoking a cigar ette, now good humouredly taking part in a dance with a young village girI—GARIBALDI is still raving against him in words of flame and fury among ex cited mobs of Sicilians. The " situation" in respect to the Italian Question is, upon all sides, and to the very last degree, equivocal. Ostensibly the Government at Turin is, as we know and see by each successive telegram, directly and flagrantly in opposition to GARIBALDI. When the Popular Hero denounces NAPOLEON as a Tyrant and a Traitor' one after another the Ministers of King VICTOR EMMANUEL rise immediately after the tidings of these intemperate words have been o r f ectehivelNG'S received to re gret, in the name, and on behalf Government, the lamentable fact of their utterance—speaking in the very opposite way of the French EMPEROR as a p otentate to whom I taly and the an Italians te have eternal s ubstantial reasons for acknow ledging debt enunciation o f gratitude.of opinions ayso not diame trically sat s fied with osed to those put f or th (i n th e S out h) opposed b y GARIBALDI, the Ministers of the Crown (in the North) give instant orders for the dismissal, or for the acceptance of the proffered resignation, of one after another of those officials who have compro mised their responsible positions as representatives of the Italian SOVEREIGN, by listening in silence to the insulting language thus directed, in their presence and in their hearing, against one of the most august of that Sovereign's most intimate allies ! Nor is this all, as indicative of the opposition, at any. rate ostensibly mani fested, we repeat, to the present proceedings of GARIBALDI, by King VICTOR EMMANUEL and his Government. The troops bearing the flag of that King, and receiving the pay of that Government, are rapidily hastening in huge masses southwards to withstand there any warlike attempts that may be rashly adventured upon by GARIBALDI against the ally of the de facto Italian Sovereignty! That Sovereignty which so many renowned patriots have, during so many years, ambitioned to render a sove reignty—one and indivisible. And now—when so much has been actually accomplished in that direc tion—when provinces and principalities and king doms even (thanks to NAPOLEON in the North ! and to GARIBALDI in the South !) have been massed together under the bold and vigorous kingship of VICTOR EMMANUEL : now when all this has been trium phantly secured—is disunion again to be carried into the Italian Camp by an untimely collision be tween the Popular Hero and the very Constitutional Government he himself has been mainly instru mental in establishing ? Thousands upon thousands of the Italian race, both in Italy and in Exile, are beginning to ask each other this, to them, really Momentous Question : with their,"whole heart in the inquiry, and—every day be it said—with increasing trepidation! When so much as been gained—is every thing now to be jeopardised? It seems so incre dible that it should be so, that the thought has naturally suggested itself to many of the more keen witted lookers on in surrounding countries—as to whether all we are now witnessing on the one hand in Turin, and, on the other hand, in Sicily, is not a mere pretence ? It is remembered quite well that when GARIBALDI sailed southwards from Genoa with his few hundred armed followers the expedition was as distinctly repudiated by the Govern ment of King VICTOR EMMANUEL as the Hero's present designs are. Ministers at Turin when asked as to the destination of the petty squadron of the Great Italian Filibuster nrotested that they knew nothing whatever about it—that they were directly opposed to it—that they repudiated it. The expedition afterwards being accomplished —as the whole world knows—triumphantly nevertheless ! GARIBALDI—as CESAR had done before him— going, seeing, conquering ! The ulterior con sequence of the exploit, moreover, being that GARIBALDI, at its Close, with a sub lime disregard for that recent repudiation of him and his proceedings—handed over the kingdom of the Two Sicilies to VICTOR EMMANUEL and his Government ! May not the same wily and specious game that has been so well played before by the Italian Ministers at Turin, be played by them once more as adroitly, and with the like happy issue ? Alas ! the circumstances,as they were then,and as they are now, are so entirely different ! Then GARIBALDI had opposed to him a faineant sovereign, whose hold upon the last remnants of power was relaxing under the influence of a sort of political ,paralysis. Now, he would have immediately confronting him and his little band of followers—no matter how daring or how devoted—the representatives and the avant garde, so to speak, of the might of the whole Imperial army of France ! Besides this — when GARIBALDI was meditating his former ex plea, the courts and the families of the KING and EMPEROR were not so intimately allied as they are now. Anything on the part of GARIBALDI that might outrage the dignity of the French ruler, would (" it needs no ghost to tell us this !") seriously compromise the Italian ruler, under existing circumstances. The more the actual "situation" comes to be scrutinised in ail its bearings, the more anxiously must all those who are really interested in watching the secure and successful advance of the Italian cause— the more solicitously, we say, must all those feel at heart now that GARIBALDI is giving' fall utterance to his burning words of indignation. And what adds to the sinister effect of the whole crisis, is the fact that, again, open allusions are being made, very day more and more frequently, to the ominous name of MAZZINI. Another of Lord BROUGHAM'S contemporaries has just disappeared from the scene. Professor THOMAS STEWART TRAILL, born in 1781—and con sequently:when he died on Wednesday more than an octogenarian—was the fellow-student of Lord BROUGHAM and his set towards the end of the last century at the University of Edinburgh. His career as a Physician was of itself so successful as to win him an eminence and a consideration that he enjoyed increasingly during upwards of half a century. Taking his degree as M.D. in 1801, and settling (as such) in Liverpool in 1803, Dr. TRAILL soon rose to distinction as a practitioner. What is principally worthy of note in his regard, how ever, so far as his reputation with the public at large throughout the United Kingdom is con cerned, is the circumstance that as recently as ten years ago, and that at a period of life, conse quently, at which he had already passed the allotted is more of ma n , P ro f essor T RAILL un d er t oo k, an d w hat fuie successfully accomplished, the herculean task of — ditiog the Eighth Edition (that is, of ( course, the last edition yet published) of THE I ENCYCLO PZ BRITANNICA For the discharge of the heavy w e i ght ds devolving upon him in that c apacity, the venerabl e and learned Professor, but just now deceased, Was ooderfullv well qualified He w as qualifi e d th us mainly, of * course, by reason o f the variety and depth of 414 knowledge, more particularly of the physical sciences. His parti cularextending beyond the boun daries proficiency praofFieonrcy Forensic Medicine to the com paratively modern sciences of Physical Geography and Meteoro!ogy. As befitted him, in his leviathan-like capacity, as Editor of the last Edition "Encyclopaadia Britannica," hewas known, w ho knew him the most familiarly, as what is called of the and best of all by those (but seldom with so much reason) " a veritable walking cyclopedia!" Lecturing, only the week before last, he stood during the whole hour occu pied by the task of his prelection. The fact of the old man of eighty-one having done this, marks his vigour to the last, both physically and intellectually. Yet, at intervals, nevertheless, his health had for some time past been failing him gradually, and on Wednesday last, the 30th of July, 1862, he tran quilly expired, after a course of more than forty active years' professoriate—keeping up, through all his routine duties, we are told, his relish, as well as his knowledge, both of the classics and of the mathematics. .RUMOURED MARRIAGE OF THE PRINCE OF WALES. Rumours prevailed at the various clubs yester day, and so confidently stated that they more resemble recognised truths than flying reports, that the visit which her Majesty intends paying to Ger many in September is in some way connected with the marriage of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, the heir to the Crown of England. Whether there is any ground for the rumours which so widely prevail, or whether they are merely the re sult of ingenious speculations, we do not pretend to determine. The statement which has found most general currency is, that negotiations are in pro gress on the part of the Prince for the hand of Princess Alexandrine, daughter of Prince Albert of Prussia, who was born on the Ist of February, 1842, and who is, therefore, not quite three months younger than the Prince of Wales. Another re port is that the King of the Belgians is desirous that his Royal Highness should form a matrimonial alliance with the Princess Alexandra, daughter of Prince Christian of Denmark, who is heir pre sumptive to the Crown of Denmark. This lady was born on the Ist of December, 1844, and is con sequently not quite eighteen years of age. Both ladies are represented by those who profess to be acquainted with them, to be worthy of the proud position assigned to them, and calculated to obtain great popularity with the people of England. If the statement be correct that the King of the Bel gians favours the Princess Alexandra, no doubt she will be the chosen one, and the alliance between England and Denmark will be more closely than ever cemented. It is rumoured that Earl Granville is about to marry the widow of Mr. Gosling, the banker. The Duchess of Roxburghe and Lady Charlotte Ines Ker have left the Clarendon Hotel for Floors Castle, N.B. MISS AVONIA TONES.—This classic and talented actress is engaged at the Adelphi Theatre, and will make her first appearance on the 11th of August.—Era. A curious fresco was recently discovered at Blunham Church, Bedfordshire, representing the Descent from the Cross. It displays certain exaggerations of style and feeling which may indicate it to be a work of date about the end of the 15th century. The drawing is said to be excellent, a characteristic of that period. The memorial to Samuel Crompton, inventor of the spinning mule, which is to be placed in Nelson-square, Bolton, will be, inaugurated on the 15th of September, The peal of eight bells, so well known to visitors of the International Exhibition, contributed and so often rung by Messrs. Warner, has been purchased for the Ca thedral at Auckland, New Zea;and. COTTON.—Notwithstanding the falling-off in the supply of cott&n last year, the amount devoted to its pur chase exhibited a large advance. Thus the computed real value of the American cotton imported last year into the United Kingdom was £26,549,717, against £26,597,208 in 1860, and £23,627,772 in 1859 ; of Brazilian, £556,652, against £499,829 in 1860, and £561,947 last year; of Egyptian, £1,279,840, against £1,246,346 in 1860, and £1,104,766 in 1859; of East Indian, £7,278,637, against £2,997,000 in 1860, and £3,204,748 in 1859 ; and of miscel laneous supplies, £275,309, against £226,747 in 1860, and £263,327 in 1859. The aggregate total value of last year's import was consequently computed at £35,940,055, against £31,567,180 in 1860, and £28,762,560 in 1859. It will not escape attention how largely India has profited by the pre sent crisis. INVITATION OF MR. GLADSTONE TO NEW CASTLE.—In compliance with a numerously signed requi sition to the Mayor, a meeting to invite the Chancellor of the Exchequer to partake of the hospitality of the metro polis of the north was held on Thursday, in the Guildhall, Newcastle, under the presidency of his worship. About 50 gentlemen were present. A resolution of invitation to the great Financial Minister was carried. Mr. Jos. Cowen, jun., suggested that Mr. Cobden, to whom the successful negotiation of the French treaty was principally due, should be jointly invited to the banquet with Mr. Glad stone. The proposition appeared to be favourably re ceived, but nothing was done to give effect to it.—New castle Ch onicle. THE LATE SIR WILLIAM DON.—The success of the talented comedians, Sir William and Lady Don, in Australia, has never been exceeded or equalled by any artist except G. V. Brooke; and up to the night before his death the same proportionate success attended their per formances. From a statement of the receipts and shares arising from the engagements, in Australia, of Sir William and Lady Don, from 21st January, 1861, to 18th March, 1862, both days included, it appears that the total persons admitted amount to 236,031; sum received, £26,665 6s 6d ; from which £9,833 is ld had been deducted for shares to his agent, managers of theatres, &c., leaving a balance for Sir William and Lady Don of £16,832 5s sd.—.Era. NORTH EASTERN RAILWAY: YORK, Friday.— The following dividends have this day been resolved upon by the directors of this company :—Berwick, at the rate of 4± per cent. per annum ; York, at the rate of 3 per cent, per annum; Leeds, at the rate of £1 17s. 6d. per cent. per an num ; and Carlisle, at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum. _ _ MORMON RECRUITS.—About 200 of the disciples of Brigham Young arrived at New York on the 9th of July in the packet ship Windermere, from Havre. A New York paper describes them as all—men, women, and chil dren —quiet, inoffensive looking, blue-eyed Swiss, but the charms of the female portion seem to have been sadly im paired by hard manual labour, and, judging from their round should ers , hard bony h an d s , a nd flat broad feet, they had sp en t a cons id era bl e por ti on o f th e i r time in perform ing task s f or w hi c h t h e roug h er sex are specially intended. They left n ex t d a y en rou t e f or th e Great Salt Lake. Since the beginning of the present year about 2,500 Mormons have arri ve d a t N ew Y or k , an d gone West to swell the number of Brigham Young's followers. THE WOOL SALES.—The third series of colonial wool sales for the present year commenced on Thursday. The catalogue comprised the following :-1,319 bales Sydney, 978 bales Port Philip, 475 bales New Zealand 279 bales Van Diemen's Land, 67 bales Adelaide—total 3,118 bales. The attendance of buyers is reported by Messrs. Richard Dutton and Son as large, and the biddings spirited, and the prices of the last sales are well supported The present series will continue until the .11th of Septem ber, and the quantity arrived to this date is as follows : Sydney, 31,434 bales ; Victoria, 25,696 bales ; Van Diemen's Land, 9,792 bales; Adelaide, 9,173 bales; Now Zealand, 15,800 b ales; Swan Ri ver , 114 bales; Cape o f Good Hope, 15,206 b ales—tota l , 107, THE CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY IN NORT H ESSEX.—A p u bli c meet i ng was h e ld at the Three C ups Hotel, Colche s t er, last Wednes d a y e vening, July 30, f or the purpose of h ear i ng explanat i ons a 2 s l t s o b t a h l e es. mode of allot ment of an estat e. just purchased Escio: M.P., took the chair. the Mersea-Ro a d, Col chester. P. c Viscount Ranelagh, Col. B. Knox, M.P., J. C. Cobbold) Esq., M.P., and Col. Meyrick, members of the board, were unavoidably absent. The deputation consisted of Henry Pownall, Esq. (Chairman of the Middlesex Magistrates), Charles E. Newcomen, Esq. (director), Mr. Gruneisen (secretary), Mr. Henry Smith (solicitor), and Mr. J. Wyl son (surveyor) ; and the Mayor of Colchester was pre vented by i ndisposition from attending the meeting, but there was a large assemblage of the principal inhabitants of the town. The speeches were principally directed to show the value and importance of land societies in a social and commercial point of view. The system of buying land, and paying for the same by instalments, as also for raising funds to erect houses oa the land so acquired,were fully gong into At the conclusion, a Tote of thanks was unanimously passed to the deputation for their lucid explanations, and the reso lution also embraced a vote of confidence in the working o f the Conservati7e Land Society. Aftez the usual compli mentary vote t) the chairman, the pi oceedings terminated. I t is intended by the executive committee to set a part a piece of land fir the erection of a church on the Me rsea Estate, the freehold being given free of any charge. REGI S TERED LETTERS.—Tbe fee for registe rin g l e tters will b e reduced from and after to-morrow (August 1) from sixpenc e t o f ourpence, and the t i me o f registration to be Wended until the closin g o f the letter -bag for eac h despatch. Letters containing coin must be registered in future, or they will be liable to a double registration fee, or oightpenee on delivery. LATEST NEWS• NAPLES, AUG. 1 (Evening). It is asserted that the number of Volunteers at Corleone continues to increase. Garibaldi is daily expected to arrive at Messina. A rumour is current that an American vessel laden with arms has arrived at Palermo. The official Giornale di Napoli of to-day says— The French have abandoned their positions on the Roman frontier and have concentrated them selves at Terracina, Velletri, and Frosinone. A de tachment of Pontifical troops stationed at Alatri has retired to Fereutino. The French troops posted at Frosinone have fallen back upon Rome. About a hundred young men who had been prevented from disembarking on the coast of Sicily, and from con tinuing their way to Palermo, have arrived at Naples. The Government has despatched reinforce ments to Sicily, and energetic measures have been taken to arrest the departure of any expeditions." LISBON, AuG. 1, Evening. The New Loan was sold to-day at 4 per cent. premium. The Old Portuguese Stock is quoted at 471- to 48. There are no signs yet of the mail steamer Mag dalena, from the Brazils, now overdue. MEXICO. The Patnie is informed that, according to the orders sent out to the commander of the French troops in Mexico, the camp to be occupied by the reinforcements now on their way will be situate in the plain between Combres and Orizaba. At this point the head-quarters will be established ; but the position of the army will also extend to the little towns of Maltrato and Ingenio. They will each be occupied by a brig ade of infantry. The embarkation of the reinforcements will continue during the whole of the present month. Gen. Bazaine, who commands the first division of infantry, will leave about the 20th. It may therefore be expected that all the troops France is sending to Mexico will have arrived at their destination in the beginning of October,when active operations will commence without delay, and be in full progress in the month of November, the most favourable for long marches in this part of America. The Constitutionnel says that corps of guerillas, proclaiming the deposition of Juarez, were increas ing in number, and that the celebrated partisan leader Buitron, with his men, was almost at the gates of the capital, carrying on determined hosti lities against the forces of the Government. R [JSSIA. The Emperor has given his consent to the esta blishment of a University in the city of Odessa ; it is intended to provide a superior course of educa tion for the young men of the southern provinces. THE EAST. The Presse describes the last sitting of the Con ference at Constantinople as having given rise to a very warm discussion. The Representative of England is said to have formally accused the Rus sian Government of having provoked the recent events in Bulgaria. AMERICA. (Per Kangaroo, by Telegraph from Roches Point.) NEW YORK, JULY 19. President Lincoln's appeal to the Border State members in favour of an emancipation policy is very urgent in tone. He says that the adoption of an emancipation scheme would relieve him from the pressure of the abolition party, which pressure increases daily. The majority of the Border State members have replied that Congress had not voted any sum for remuneration, and that they could not consider the proposition in its impalpable form. When a formal proposal was made they might submit it to their States, but the debt it would involve appalled them by its magnitude. Their right to hold slaves was unquestioned, their loyalty undoubted. They had contributed their full share to the sup port of the war, and they did not see why they should be called upon to make sacrifices greater than the people of other States who were not more loyal. They would under no circumstances consent to the dissolution of the Union, neither would they ever consent to join the Southern Confederacy, as they could not place their security in the custody of an assocation which had incorporated in its organic laW the seeds of its own destruction. They deny that their refusal to adopt emancipation prolonged the war, and state that the rebellion derives its strength from the belief of the Southern people that the Federal Government is inimical to their rights and domestic institutions. " Satisfy the Southern people that no war is made on their property and rights, and they would return to their allegiance." They would not, continue the majority of the Border State members in their reply, under any circumstances, become parties to General Hunter's policy of letting the slaves loose on the Southern people. The reply is signed by twenty members from Kentucky, Virginia, Missouri, and Maryland. It is reported in Washington that the French have occupied Guaymas, in Sonora. The American journals think that, in case of a rupture between the United States and Europe France would make Guaymas the key of her ope rations. (Latest by telegraph from Cape Race.) NEW YORK, JULY 22, EVENING. Great excitement prevails at Nashville. The Confederates are reported to be within five miles of the city. Money easy. Stocks inactive. Exchange—Bankers' bills, 131 ; Gold, 191 per cent. premium. The Kangaroo takes out 1,062,407 dols, in specie. STEAM HAMMERS IN 7HE EXHIBITION. Amongst the curiosities of the Exhibition there is ono in the machinery in motion, on which few can look without interest, we refer to the mighty steam hammer, there are two of these near each other. saving seen one with a blow of several tons crack the shell of a nut beautifully without touching the kernel, then flatten, without crushing, a curved piece of its shell, then give the anvil a thump which seemed to shake the building, and would have flattened any mass of iron —we went to the other and asked the attendant if he could do the like. Oh yes, was the reply, and would take a wafer off a watch-glass without breaking it. Forthwith he pulled out of his pocket a child's watch, wetted a wafer on the upper side, laid it on the glass, and brought down the mighty hammer upon it with such nicety that it withdrew from the stroke with the wafer adher ing to its surface. The attendants seemed indefa tigable in their efforts to gratify the crowding spectators, aho certainly never saw before a more perfect combination of crushing power and delicacy of touch in the same implement. Even the marvel of the elephant's trunk could in this respect not surpass it. A model of the monument to be placed over the Well at Cawnpore, after the design of Col. Yule, has been recently placed in the English Architectural Gallery at the International Exhibition• Baron Marochotti is engaged upon a piece of sculpture for the completion of this work. The last is a gilt from the late Lord Canning, i THE LONDON FREIGHT MARKET. (From the Circular of Messrs. Seymour, Peacock, and Co.) The freight market has improved since the date of our last circular, tonnage being in more request at advanced rates, The American `War continues to exercise an important influence on freights. The continuance of the struggle causes the gradual withdraw .1 of American shipping from competition, the production of tonnage being wholly un important, and the flag being neglected in many trades where it was a formidable competitor with our Mercantile Marine. If the war go on high freights will probably con tinue to rule in China, and, as the season opens, enhanced rates may be fairly anticipated at all the Indian ports. On the other hand, if peace be happily established the demand for tonnage at the Southern Cotton ports will be so enor mously heavy that its influence will maintain freights for a time in every direction ; thus we may anticipate a pros perous season for shipping under either eventuality. The recent successes of the Confederates excite hopes of European intervention, by a recognition of the Southern States; and although such a course would not necessarily terminate the war, its effect upon the position of the con tending nations would tend materially to that result. The suicidal policy of the Federal Government in adopt ing protectionist tariffs to fetter that commerce by which alone the people can sustain the burdens imposed by the war must result in still further disaster. It seems extraor dinary that Federal statesmen (if, indeed, real statesman ship exist in the Northern States !) have not profited by the marvellous results of the free trade system in this country. The independence of the South and the conse quent opening of a direct trade between the Confederate States and Europe, would go far towards the establishment of an enlightened commercial policy between the old coun tries and the whole American Continent. The Peruvian guano trade will probably require less tonnage during the eemainder of the year than during the past six months, owing to the heavy engagements already made. The contractors for England have taken up about 115,000 tons of shipping, in addition to which about 40,000 tons of guano is in process of reshipment for England out of the stocks in America. The Continental agents have also supplied themselveswith ample tonnage for the present, and but for the competition for shipping, occasioned by the chartering business being in several hands, we should have lower freights than are now current. The orders now current on our market are very limited. For United Kingdom 755. was paid a few days since for a ship of 2,652 tons register, but the rate now offered is reduced to 705., the commissions upcn these charters being 10 per cent. For Spain the contractors have completed their pre sent requirements at 21 dols. For Antwerp 755. is still offered with 71 per cent. commissions, and we hold exclu sive orders at 755. Cowes for orders to Hamburg or Rot terdam, ships to arrive at Callao about June or July next year preferred, and for Rotterdam direct we can take a few vessels under 650 tons register going out direct or via Brazils or other reasonably direct ports. Chartering in the long trades is active, and rates are fully maintained. From the rice ports we fixed last week at 80s. to U.K. or continent, up to 900 tons register, and the same rate is still current; even 85s. can be had for small ships. From Java, 85s. is offered. Cal cutta, 5 guineas on the round, &c. Outward freights to the East are also firm, with a tendency upwards. Salt freights from Liverpool to Calcutta have advanced 9s. per ton, since the Ist ult., the rate then current being 21s. against 30s. paid this week. Coal freights to India have not yet advanced to any material extent, but tonnage offers very sparingly, and as the demand is improving we may look for higher rates. The public coal contracts taken last month comprised 31,500 tons, viz., 9,000 tons for Galle, 6,000 tons for Singapore, 9,000 tons for Alexandria, and 1,000 tons for Gibraltar, all for the service of the Penin sular and Oriental Company ; 5,000 tons for Madras, for account of the Council of India; and 1,500 tons for Corfu; for the Admiralty. To• day the Peninsular and Oriental Company receive tenders for 5,000 tors for Bombay. The transport service absorbed a large amount of tonnage during last month. The competition for the troops to India was considerable, and in many instances very low rates were accepted. The vessels accepted comprised the follow ing :---for Calcutta, Middlesex, £8 Is 10d; Adamant, £8 4s and £8 18 ; Conflict, £8 4s 6d ; Newcastle, £8 9s; St. Lawrence, £8 lls 7d ; Blenheim, £8 16s 5d ; Dartmouth, £9 4s 3d ; Copenhagen, £lO 8s 6d. For Madras--Mauri tius, £7 10s 5d for 400 men; Sydenham, £9 10s. SHIPPING---THIS DAY. LONDON, Aug. 2.—Wind this day at noon—South- Westerly ; strong breeze, and fine weather. PORTSMOUTH, Aug. I.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Her Majesty's ship Mersey. Sailed—Her Majesty's ship Rha damanthus, for Woolwich. PLYMOUTH, Aug. 1 —Wind S.W.—Arrived—Antelope, from New York; Northumberland, from London for Australia. QUEENSTOWN, Aug. I.—Arrived—Her Majesty's ship Sham.on, from Spithead; Prince Consort, from Liverpool for Queensland. NEWPORT, Aug. I.—Wind S.W.—Sailed—Mazatlan, for St. Thomas. WIIITEHAYEN, Aug. I,—Wind W.—Arrived—Lady Matheson, fur Montego Bay. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, Saturday Morning. Arrived—Hope, from Palsgrove ; Havre, steamer, from Havre ; Atalanta, steamer, from Jersey. Sailed—lsabella 11., Spanish war steamer, for Leh ; Effort, for Swansea. GRAVESEND, Saturday Morning. Arrived—Vriendschap, from Smyrna; Gwalia, from Bar badoes. Sailed—Staldt Dort, steamer, for Dort ; Rainbow, steamer, and Dartmouth, for Calcutta; T. W., for Deme rara ; Percy, for Hobart Town. DEAL, Saturday Morning. Passed—H.M.S. Rhadamanthus, from West, for Wool wich; Ida, from Miramichi, for Hull; Parthena, screw steamer, from North, for West; Daniel Rankin, from Lon don, for Bombay ; Burman, from London, for , Amoy. Sailed—Lucknow, Water Lily, with all outward bound. MAILS FOR MEXICO, &C., BY FRENCH PACKET FROM ST. NAZARRE.—lnformation has been received from the Director-General of the French Post-office that the departure of the French mail packets, recently esta blished between St. Nazaire and Vera Cruz, which was fixed for the 14th, will, in future, take place on the 16th of each month. Letters, &c., for Mexico, Martinique, Gua deloupe, and Santiago de Cuba will, therefore, hencefor w and be in time for conveyance by the French mail packet from Nazaire, if posted or received in London in time for despatch to Paris by the day mail leaving London on the morning of the 15th cf every month. THE NEW WESTMINSTER• BRlDGE.—Yesterday the pavement on the west side of the above beautiful strut • ture was opened for the transit of foot passengers, which was found to be a very great accommodation to the im mense concourse of persons passing amiss the bridge. Con siderable progress has been made in rendering the t horough fare trafficable, as all the wooden machinery used to raise the iron ribs for the arches, &c , has been removed. There is therefore now no obstacle to prevent a clear view of the entire area of the bridge, which is generally admired for the beauty of its construction and its great width. This is ad mitted not to be more extensive than is absolutely neces sary, as, in consequence of the new street from Southwark, a great portion of the traffic now passes westward over this bridge. On the east side of it all the gas posts (with three gas lamps on each) are fixed in the parapet, and on the op posite side several are also placed in position. THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.—The num ber of visitors at the Exhibition yesterday, August 1, was : —By season tickets, 7,593; by payment, 19,969; total, 27,562. THE NEW COMET.---It may interest our readers to know that the comet discovered at Florence on the 22d ultimo is now distinctly visible to the naked eye. It is at present due north at 10 p.m., about 15 degrees below the role star. The nucleus is very brilliant, and, in Mr. Townsend's seven-feet reflector, is a magnificent object, which, from its position, it is likely to be for some time to Come. The Grand Duke of Meeklenberg-Schwerin, who is travelling under the name of Count Schwerin, visited Liverpool yesterday, accompanied by Prince Reuss, Baron von Stengler, Baron von Lutzow, and Dr. Meyer. On their arrival they were met by Mr. Rcbert Hutchinson, th e mayor, who conducted them to the Adelphi Hotel. As th e mayor had to attend a town meeting on the Lancashiredis tress question, Mr. J. B. Lloyd, in his stead, offered the hospitalities of the town to the distinguished visitors, who were entertained at the Town hall to lunch, and afterward visited the objects of public interest in the neighbourhood. In the evening they left for Birmingham. QUEENSTOWN, THURSDAY, 4 P.M.—The federal war steamer Tuscarora, which sailed from Southampton, last evening, has just arrived in harbour. _ CHI . The Spanish Government have arranged with Messrs. C. J. Mare and Co. for the construction of a shot proof frigate of 4,750 tons, and engines of 1,000 horse power, the engines to be by Messrs. i'enn. G. Moffatt, Esq., M.P., has allowed each mem ber of his establishment three days for the purpose of visit ing the Exhibition, with a sum sufficient to defray inci dental expenses. Mr. Jerry Barrett, whose picture of Mrs. Fry reading in Newtate was exhibited in London, has been for some months engaged painting by royal permission, a large picture of her Majesty holding a drawing -room at St. James's Palace. T HE R EPRES EETATION OF EXETER.—We learn that Mr. Coleridge, the e minent Queen's Counsel of the western circuit, has consented to come forward in the liberal interest for the city of Exeter. We see no reason why th e liberals of Exeter, if they are united, should not send both Mr, Seymour and Mr. Coleridge to the Commons' House Parliament at the next election.—Plymouth Joutnal. Th e sth Dragoon Guards, under the comm and of Li e utenant -Colonel the lion. S. J. G. CalthorP e l! arr i ve at the Curragh ab ou t th e 7fh o f August , -- ears s ev a e t c th a e he l r. 11th Tlitueslsaatrtse,ruchoripchs will i l a r rr ep i l v a e ce a the 4 nth u on the sth vurragh STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, August I.—The yarn-market has been very excited, especially in the cc.unts and qualities made from American cotton, and all avail able lots have been rather eagerly picked up. The chief buyers are the Germans and the India people. Yarns are now becoming so scarce that some classes can scarcely be met with at any price. One healthy sign is that the purchases made have been chiefly for shipment, and will not, as in the case of many of the speculative lots sold within the last few weeks, come upon the market again. Not mach doing for the home or other markets than those above named. Prices of all descriptions of yarn very firm. In cloths we have had a little business, but nothing approaching to activity. Telegrams have been received from Bombay to the 12th of July reporting a very brisk market for imports, and an advance in the price of shirtings of from 9d. to 15d. per piece. Prices there would still be 12d. to 18d. per piece below the rates at which they can be bought here, but the advices have led to some ' demand in this market during the day, though not to as much as was expected. It has given some additional firmness to prices, but manufacturers cannot obtain the rise they are asking, though un doubtedly rates have been given this morning which manufacturers could not obtain on Tuesday. For home trade and other markets not much doing. The market generally, however, closes firmer. The observations of Lord Palmerston in the Rate in Aid debate about Lancashire manufacturers re selling their cotton has given rise to a good deal of remark here to-day. The re-sale of cotton, it is remarked, at the most, should only lead to a re distribution of stocks. If there is any crime in it, through such cotton finding its way to foreign countries, that crime is due to the Government, which has not prohibited the export of cotton—a course which would, perhaps, have brought worse evils in its train by destroying the Liverpool mar ket as the cotton entrepot of Europe. Some manu facturers have left off manufacturing, and devote themselves solely to the business of speculating —dealing in cotton yarn and cloth. One manufac turer is spoken of as having resold 2,000 bales at a particular crisis at 12d. per lb., and laid out the whole of the money a few days later in the ;::.me cotton at 10d. per lb. The workpeople of :tat gentleman, at all events, would be no sufferers I y the speculation. The impression of business :. en is, that if the manufacturers generally who Lad the foresight to buy large stocks before a rise in price took place had resold subsequently, the re distribution of stocks would have been beneficial to the trade generally, and to the operatives as well. LEEDS, August I.—The trade report of the Leeds Chamber of Commerce for the month of July states that in the woollen trade during that month a fair business has been done, both in the warehouses and the halls. There has been a particularly good de mand for union cloths, and all kinds of heavy goods suitable for the winter trade have been in request. The export houses have also been buying a fair quantity. The manufacturers throughout this dis trict have been better employed than during any' month since last autumn. Since last report, owing to the improvement in the woollen trade, there has been rather more doing in colonial wools. There has been more done than usual in German wools, owing to the low prices at which they have been bought at the lairs compared with last year. The colonial wool sales commence to-day, and are ex- pected to last for six weeks. The quantity offered will be the largest ever known, upwards of 106,000 bales having already arrived. In English wools there has been a very brisk demand for long bright haired sorts, and prices are very firm, a small ad vance having in some kinds been established. Short wools are the same as before; prices unal tered. This is also the case with noils and broker. About the middle of the month there sprang up a great demand for flax of all kinds, and the trade since then has been in an excited state. In Baltic flexes, of which alone there is any considerable quantity in first hands, there has been an advance of £2 to £4 per ton. In tows and codillas there has not been much change, but lately good clean tows are much sought after. For hemp there has been a strong demand, and prices are higher. The increased demand for flax was almost simul taneous with, and may, to some extent, have been caused by, the great advance in the price of cotton. For line yarns and heavy tows there has been a brisk demand, and higher prices have been asked, and in some cases obtained, and the mer chants are anxious to place orders at or near the old prices. Middle and fine tows have not, however, fully participated in the improvement. Makers of railway and merchants' iron are busy, and have con siderable orders in hand, and the trade in all kinds of iron made in this neighbourhood may be reported favourably upon. The machine trade continues de pressed, with little sign of improvement. The en' gineer tool trade also continues dull, though most of the makers keep their works going full time , The locomotive makers are busy. There has been rather more demand for cut nails, but this trade is still quiet, whether for home or export. Since last report there has been a better demand for most descriptions of leather; and as fresh supplies have come forward rather sparingly stocks are somewhat lighter than at the beginning of the month, while in some sorts the demand has exceeded the supply Prices firm, without much change. The fancy lea ther trade is also better. Rape oil is in great re quest for this season of the year, and prices have advanced considerably. This is caused by the scarcity of seed, and the high price asked by the growers, both in this country and on the continent. Linseed oil has also been in good request, and the price is very firm. Seed is very dear_ Cakes are only sold in retail lots. Olive oils have been much sought for, at advanced rates, and prices abroad, with costs and charges, are higher than in this country. The paper trade still continues in a depressed state, and the makers are most working short time. In the shoe trade the makers are all busy, and there are considerable orders on hand for export. HEAT AND DIARRHOEA. The Medical Times and Gazette says —During last week seventy-seven deaths were registered ill London as having occurred from various forms op t bowel complaint, and of these sixty-seven were children. We will add another fact, which We assume without fear of contradiction--the sixty' seven victims were children of the lower orders' All of these deaths come under the head of " pre' ventible." Let us see if we can form a fair coiner tion of the details. Some few were children o f single women put out to nurse, and their death nod is not a matter of much consequence ; they wer e meant to die, and sure to die somewhere; bronchiti s ts; is the winter mode; diarrhoea, the summer; We will let them pass. A few more died o f sour food' kept or prepared i n uncleanly b as i ns or pap-boa A few more of w hat our Y an k ee friends call co il' milk ; milk robb ed of i ts most nutriti ous an d diges tible beaslildesprtohbiasbltyherheavies atnoothberriegmabtteeforrowlinict: But por tion, the cream, then dil uted and colour ed' we eh re aders ere long, the p reparation of tulll' w h e ther by heat or not ; in toA tmhiencoorntcaacutseof oefoiddigarh it keep. Certainly curdle rennet ; whe ther it will be more amenu bls to the digestive powof ' fill* some su su ch ch a w m a irk as w t i o nt : power a sickly infant is doubt of cold air. istee 1 draughts re of $ influence of cause diarrhoea ski n—es pecia ll yxpos.fu unused water and . t h e ap—to . g• 130 But more than all put together, lu L. i i doors , clos i e n , foul children. air. CAI All our a air h o a u l s o e n s e: ari l t a more air, especially at night; and it is easy in goy) long the streets to see where people of sense liv; by .• • Doming where the fanlights over the fr c) F r are made to open. For sources of foul 51 :, look to the dustbins, full of fermenting cabbag e leaves, the dirty water-closets, and untrapped, sin the within houses, which are drained by pipes, an d h - s t gaping street gullies, and ventilating holes t send up their poisonous whiffs to the passers-1)2'0 of As for the houses with old rotten b r i c k d r ains, t' still exist by the hundr e d, th ey wan t no nul l But it will be said, we leave out all mentiouse w tter d fruit; we do not believ e th a t goo d f ru it e ver cau_.. c i, diarrhoea: The wat er s h ou ld come in for a ul and we may expr e ss a hope that the organic inov. which the rains of Ju ne and July brought d o:he from the cultivat e d fi e ld s in the valley of the cisterns. Thames, is not now fermenting in unclean - -