The Sun. — London, England, 1862-10-08 00:00:00

22 ;'_-' (.. '._ g liiikei ~/r:..4,:‘ 7 .-- .......) fr ► r , ~.:, . f 4 1.. . " :: : 4 , 1 : : :st : ~ . „.. • ~ ., 4 „ 4. 4.: I,: i . ~., , v0„, „ .„ , i ., A' • " 1 / 4 .. e, .. (..':.... -.. c , . ...„., , 4 , ; .• t . . , , ~,, , , *.,!:. :::::,4141: ~,w6: 41:: , . " Rorr \ s' li li c 4- clitsf i . ar: :tr , ~, , k , i g H &. - - ".,....-., -JP! . 4 ;: .4.:04_5-4). 114... -,-, 'IL' 4.:, I 1 . 4wrar,,, 4 . - ..1V ‘"1..... , , idnak,4ll' efsK • 4 4r 1, 41: - - --• . 'N.:l" . - o . ' 4 ‘.6 - 4 , DIE -p.e.trtz .',, -a• ' - k- ....,-. - -.• 70 ' tin+ 1 if . lk r THE sTocK or c ,t l r7, :\i, ii : 11 , ~.,",07:tresi E %V S PA PER , c , , z fki* • -.N.)/ 'Pg" l44 noV HOTELS, &c. CHAPLIN'S HOTEL. The large receipts of Surat co late have had the effect of great estimated stock on hand, which larger than at any previous period during the prc sent half-year. Thus the creekly course of uffitirs has been as follows during - the last 14 weeks, as compared with the eorrespoi Idirg period of 1861 and 1860 AND SPREAD EAGLE TAVERN, 84, GRACECHURCH-STREET, LONDON. comfort combined with moderate charges, will be found at this Establishment. PRIVATE APARTMENTS FOR FAMILIES. Sitting. Room, 3s. per Day. Bed Rooms, is. 6d. and 28. per Night. A Night Porter in attendarice. No INCREASE OF CHARGES. THE SUN, LoNDort, WEDNESDAY EVENI N°. 21,926. U, OCTOBER 8, 1862. PR1CE.....—..4d. STAMPED ....sd. PUBLICATIONS. THE STORY OF A SIBERIAN EXILE. 711 E _RUSSIAN EMPIRE. Stock. 1862. 1861. 1860. July 4 bales 184,940 .. 1,1108,300 .. 1,298,490 ~ 11 ~ 18 ~ 25 Aug. 2 „ 161,500 1,019 ,100 .. 1,241,570 fl 9 „ 16 . 125310 .. 944,.•'60 1 ,15 7,590 ~ 23 „30 Sept. 5 „12 „19 „26 Oct. '3 The ordinary course of trade is thus being com pletely reversed, for while in September and Octo ber the stock had usually dcclLued, it has this autumn increased. The present consumption and export demand cannot be said to exc2ed 25,000 bales per week, end, as the foregoing eslittate shows a stock of 212,000 bales on hand at the close of last week, while in many quarters a is affirmed that the total should be given at 250,000 or 300,000 bales— as too 271,000 bales are estimated to be still at sea from India, and from 5,000 to 10,000 bales will no doubt continue to drop in weekly from other quar ters, the prospects of the supply certainly look more hopeful than for some time past, notwith standing the obstinate continuance of hostilities in the American States. INDIA AND THE COLONIES. PASSENGERS Embarking or Disembarking C , arge ,yi a ll t find superior accommodation and moderate CHAPLIN'S CLARENDON HOTEL, GRAVESEND, NOTICE.—A SECOND EDITION OF FEMALE LIFE IN PRISON, By A PRISON MATRON, in 2 vols., price 215., is now ready at all the Libraries. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough -street. Adjoining the Terrace Pier. A Lawn in front, extending to the River. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., THE MAROON. By Capt. MAYNE REID. "In this brilli:,nt and exciting romance there are scenes which equal , the author has y', 4 achieved. " —Post. if they do not surpass, anything which " Capt. Reid, has written a good many stirring romances, but none beiter than `The Maroon.' "—Press. Burst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. THE LONDON, 191, - FLEET-STREET, near Temple-bar, Vi r YER'S FAMOUS LONDON DINNER for THIS "At the Bth inst., will consist of POTAGES. De Tortue—Consomm6 Ordinaire. Poissow. Morue sauce aux Huitrcs—Soles frites.. THE . ALBERT EDWARD MARCH for Pianoforte, by BRINLEY RICHARDS, finely illus trated with a Portrait of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 3s. Londou • Robert Cocks and Co., New Burlington-street, publishers to Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. ENTEES. Co telettes de Mouton a la San ß bise—llissoles de Volaille du Jambon. Mouton bouilli—Bceuf roti. ENTRETS. Souifide de Gingimbre— EM Beigmets de Pomme. REAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- A CHEAP EXCURSION TRAIN to CHIPPENHAM, BATH, and BRISTOL, will leave PADDINGTON at 2.25 p.m., and Reading , at 3.35 p.m., on SATURDAY. the 11th October, returning at 5.30 p.m. on Monday, the 13th October. Fares there and back :—Chippenham or Bath, (12s. and 68.); Bristol, 148. and 7s. Frornage et Sal jde. TO - MORROW, the 9th inst., "TM LONDON DINNER" consist of POTAI,I ros. Queue de ikeuf--A la Claremont. P %Tgsow. Anguille 6 tßvf.e—Merlans frits. - E'`TREES. Venaison llacliee— Bla'fiquettes de Veau a la Supreme. BcellJ larais6-11fouton roti. ENTREMETS. Pouding, a l'Anglais—Tart e l e tte s au ' Confiteur—. Fromage et Salade. An extensive and carefully selected stock of FRENCH Ell-I:NISH, MOSELLE, and other WINES imrorted ex- Pressly for THE LONDON DINNER. Turtle Soup and all Fish in season daily. T he attention of Clergymen, Officers, and Professional r, these especially drawn to the advantages offered by , l ese elegant S a l oons , which fulfil all the requirements of a west -end Cl u b of thei nv,ist aristocratic and exclusive cha acter, ,„ 'on tronve dans Iv. Salle de Lecture non seulement les ,Tourn aux Anglais, mats aussi JournauxAllemands, Francais et Beiges. SAWYER, Proprietor. AMUSEMENTS. CANTERBURY HALL. STECKEL, The greatest Trapeze performer in the world. Grand Operatic Selection as usual, with full Band and Chorus. Principal Artiste—Miss Russell. Unsworth, with the original Stump speech, " Or any other Than," in conjunction with Eugene and Duley, forming the greatest Comic Trio in London ; and a host of other Comic avourites. T H E OXFORD, 6, OXFORD STREET. Reappearance of Miss Russell. Last Two weeks of The miraculous Steckel." Every Evening, Grand Operatic Select'ons by Miss Russell, Vitas Towneley • Messrs. Morley, Greene, and Albert. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonfhmans. Glees, Duets, Four-part Songs, Arc., by the Company. Comic—Miss Caroline Parkes, Mr. W. Randall, the Rum se and Newcomb Minstrels, Eugene, and Unsworth (the ° figinal "or any other man"). 11a11, 6d.; Balcony and Stalls, la. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. S. WOODIN'S CABINET of CURIO • SITIES—NewIy Polished and Re-Iined—POLY GRAPHIC HALL King William-street, Charing-cross, with Every Evening, at eight (except Saturday), new characters, music, songs, and dances. The scenic i llustrations and effects, entirely new, painted by and under the direction o f Mr. William Callcott. Morning Performance, Saturday, office Oct. f. at 3. Stall s , 3s. ; area, 25.; amphith ea t re, Is. Box- open from eleven to five. Mr. Woodin as Mr. Bothers, of the Haymarket, in his celebrated character of "Lord Dundreary," Morning and Evening. ARGYLL ROOMS. -- G reat Windmill -str ee t, IFfarnarket.—GßAND CASINO FRANCAISE.— Open every Evening for Promenade and Dancing, with the celebrated Rand of 50 performers. Conductor and Principal Cornet-a-Piston, M. R , OULCOURT.—The new Imperial Qua drille, Valse Cotillion, and L. 3losca's Peep o'DayValse will te played nightly. A new Conversation Salon has been added to the above 14 'stablishment for Reading, Coffee, and Refreshments:— Admission Is.—Manager, M. Grenet. OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT- Under the Management of Miss Louisa Tyne and Mr. W. Harr e ison, Sole Lessees. THIS EVENING (th last time). MARITANA. Mdlle. Parepa, Mrs. Aynsley Cooke, and Miss Susan Pyne ; Messrs. W. H. Weiss, IT, Corti, .1. Rouse, Aynsley Cooke, E. Dussek, and W. Harrison. Conductor—Mr. A. Mellon. Dcors open at half-past 7—Commence at S. THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY•LANE. Don, . T HIS EVENING, PARENTS ] Boucieaut AND Lessee GUARDIANS. Mr. Leigh Murray. RELIEF hich, at 8 o'clock, the new Scottish Dram a , THE OF LUCKNOW : Mrs. Dion cau Boucleault, Madame Celeste Jordan ; Messrs. Dion Boucilt, Ryder, Atkins, C. Vaudenhoff, Swinbourne, Mellon. To conclude with THE ARABS OF THE DESERT : a Trop of the Beni-Zoug-Zoucr, at 10. Commence at 7—terminate at 11. TREAT RE-ROYAL, HAY MARKET, Lessee. .J. 11. Buelnxtone. THIS EVENING, at Mr 7, A DAUGHTER TO MARRY. Zitr. Farren, Mr. Rogers, Mr. Clark, and Miss E. Romer. After which, at a quarter to 8, will he performed (248th time: ()UR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck. atone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. Followed by a riPw Fare, Pntitted DUCK MINTING: Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, Mr. W. Farren, Mrs. Wilkins, and Miss C. Hill. To conclude with THE G.ALLICIAN FETE. NEW THEATRE-R0 YAL, ADELPHI.-- Sole Proprietor end Manager. Mr. B. Webster. VIIS EVENING, THE GREEN BUSHES. Messrs. J Toole P. Bedford, Billington,Sefton. Stephenson, Lewis _,hurne, Romer J Avonia ones. Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Eillington, and Mrs. Stoker. c r o i nelnde with THE SIM LING DAY AT THE t_cA I EXHIBITION. Messrs. .1. L. Took, P. Bedford, Phillips Sefton C. J. Smith, Romer • Miss K. Bland and Mrs. H. Lewis Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Lessee, Mr A. Harris. THIS EVENING, THE RENDEZVOUS. Messrs. Hig,gle, Meadows, &c., and 3liss Maria Harris. tAlter which, at a quart er t o Fi ght, KING HENRY VIII. haradrlie&l'Ve.oil n t s ' ey, Mr. Charles Kean ; Queen Katharine, Mrs. wldodiconolude With BORROWING A HUSBAND. Mr. H. comb and Miss Maria Harris. Commence at 7. No half-price. 13 OVAL and THEATRE. Sole Lessee and ManaerMr. Edmund Falconer. 281st Night of the continuous run of "Peep o'Day.” THIS EVENING, PEEP O'DAY ; or Sayourneen Deelish. Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Charles'Selby, Geo. Melville, and Edmund Falconer ; Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara Weston, and Miss M. Hudson. After which, a new musical, pictorial, poetical, and ballet in entitled KILLARNEY. Miss Anna Whitty and Illiss Lydia Thomson. Followed by a new Farce, entitled THE COLLEEN -11 AWN SETTLED AT LAST. Mr. Charles Selby and Miss Lydia Thompson. Acting Manager---Mr.Chattcrton. Nees as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at Box-office open daily from 11 tlll5. Commence a. 7 .......____ A , TLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. BATTY. YRIS EVERerival of "M azepp a ." FAG will be performed I%TAZEPPA ; or, The .u eeoratio ns . Horse of Tartary, with NDr ew Scenery, esses, and To be followed by a brilliant routine of novel and daring b e 'oes in th e Ci rcle, in which Madame Hislop and Y oung evereux will appe ar. T o conclude with a COMIC BALLET, in which Miss Annie vilthnie and Harry Croueete will appear. C ommence at 7.—Stage Manager, Mr. W. Searle. THE SILENT FRIEND ON MARRIAGE, 190 pa2eq, illustrated vvith 100 engravings, price post free 14 stamps, sealed 20, containing prescription of Pre ventive Lotion.• Make this invaluable work your Guide and Adviser, for self-cure in al cases of secrecy, resulting from the errors powe errors or vi r and excesse surf youth, or fro m ' infection, loss of g Address Messrs. PERRY Ar Co., 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, London, W.C. Surgeons, Consultations daily, 11 till 2, and from 5 till 8. Sunday, 11 till 1 o'clock. .y s ee 14 stamps, sealed 20. New Medical Work, price Is.: pof7t7---------------- Address MEDicus, 41A, 3taddox treet, Hanover -square, London, W. Married Life VITA VITALIS.—On SinOe a n d ; also thresult s ho w ing how real or apparent obstacles to acrimonyMt May be overcome by the most simple means of youthful indiscretions, and every stage of infection, ether: the Author's most successful mode of treatment, to With his Prescription of Invigorating Lotion. Ve ,ur —S,A,LEDICUs the New England, L.R.C.I'., Edinburgh, Registered uder le New Medical Act), who may be consulted daily,ll til 1, 2 and 5 till R , as above. THE VIGOUR OF YOUTH RESTORED IN LI FE FOITR WEEKS by Dr. RICORD'S ESSENCE OF Ms wonderful agent will restore manhood to the most Peattered constitution, whether arising from self-pollution, "ces ses, nocturnal emissions, the effects of climate, or natu ral causes. The time re nired to cure the most inveterate Cage is four weeks ; and, if used according to the printed in "ructions (which are v er y • le), failure is impossible. imp This life -restoring remedy should be taken by all about to the IT 'arrY, as it s effects are permanent. It is acknowledged by med . thisu ical press to be the greatest discovery ever made._ .4 eeB s in every case is as certain as that water quenches A tP u r c .,,lt_f cord's Essence of Life is sold in cases, with full in std .4 4 for use, anys., or four quantities in one for 13a., :v2! be sent to part of the world, carefully packed, pauf':iftt of remittance or post-office order payable to Prout ".) •ratent AlediclueWarehouse, 229, Strand LondQz Gi r REAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- On MONDAY, the 13th October, a Cheap Excursion Train will leave Paddington at 10.40 a.m., and Reading at 11.50 a.m., for WORCESTER (12s. and 75,), Malvern (13s and 7s. 6d.), Ledbury (14s. and Bs.), Hereford (16s. and Ss.), Aberga venny (:7s. 6d. and 10s. 6d.), Newport (19s. and 125.), Kidder minster, r tourbridge, and Dudley 12s. 6d. and 7s. 6d.), Bewd lay (13s. and Bs.), and Bridgnorth (15s. and Os.), returning either on Friday, October 17, or Monday, October 20, as per bills which may be obtained at any of the Company's offices. aBEAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- EXCURSION TRAINS to the NORTH at Low Fares will leave Paddington at 9.40 a.m., and Reading at 10.60 a.m., for WELLINGTON and SHREWSBURY (17s. and 10s.), Oswestry, Ruabon, Llangollen, VI rexham, and Chester (18s. 6d. and 11s.), Birkenhead and Liverpool (21s. and 12s. 6d.); on SATURDAY, October 11th, returning either on the 13th, 15th, or 18th October; on Saturday, October 18th, returning on the 20th, 22d, or 25th October ; and on Saturday, October 25th, returning on the 27th or 29th October. On the same days EXCURSION TRAINS will also leave Paddington at 6.35 p.m. and Reading at 7.45 pm., for Leaming ton and Warwick (10s. 6d. and 65.), Birmingham (12s. and 75.), West Bromwich. Wednesbury, and Bilston (12s. 6d. and 7s. 6d.), and Wolverhampton (13s. and Bs.), the days of return being as above. For time of return, and further particulars, see handbills. OUTH WALES RAILWAY.—The Directors of this Company are prepared to receive TENDERS for LOANS on DEBENTURE BONDS, i n s um s of not less . than £lOO, and for periods of three to ten years, to meet Deben tures falling due. Proposals to be addressed to the undersigned. By order, FRED. G. SAUNDERS, Secretary. South Wales Railway Offices, 10, Eastbourne-terrace, Paddington, W., October 4, 1862. A.D. 1720. ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE CORPORATION (Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First) FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES. Offices, Royal Exchange, London. Branch Office, 29, Pall-mall. OCTAVIUS WIGRAM, Esq., Governor. GEORGE PEARRES BARCLAY, Esq., Sub-Governor. Sir JOHN HENRY PELLY, Bart., Deputy-Governor. DIRECTORS. Wilmot Holland, Esq. Earl of Leven and Melville. Chas. Jno. Manning, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq. The Hon. Josceline W. Percy. Charles Robinson, Esq. Samuel Leo Schuster, Esq. Eric Carrington Smith, Esq. William Soltau, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P. William Wallace, Esq. Chas. Baring Young, Esq. Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Robert Barclay, Esq. John Garratt Cattley, Esq. Edwd. Maxwell Daniell, Esq. William Davidson, Esq. Thomas Dent, Esq. Alexander Druce, Esq. Fredk. Jos. Edlmann, Esq. Riversdale W. Grenfell, Esq. Robt. Amadeus Heath, Esq. Wm. Tetlow Hibbert, Esq.: Jas. Stewart Hodgson, Esq. Medical Referee, SAMUEL SoLLy, Esq., F.R.S. NOTICE.— fhe usual fifteen days allowed for payment of FIRE PREMIUMS falling due at Michaelmas will expire on 14th October. FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this Corporation on advantageous terms. In the Life Department, assurances are grand with par ticipation in Profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such Participation. The Reversionary Bonu s on B r i t i sh Policies has averaged nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sum assured. Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums payable by persons who preferred that form of Bonus. The divisions of Profit take place every Five years. Any sum not exceeding £15,000 may be insured on one Life. This Corporation affords to the Assured—: Liberal participation in Profits—with exemption from the liabilities of partnerjhip. A rate of Bonus equarto the average returns of Mutual Societies—with the guarantee of a large invested Capital Stock. The advantages of modern practice,—with the security of an Office whose resources have been tested by the ex perience of nearly a CENTURY AND A HALF. The Corporation have always allowed the Assured to serve in the Militia, Yeomanry, or Volunteer Corps within the United Kingdom, free of charge. ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. ROBT. P. STEELE, Secretary. OS TEO EIDON What is it? See Patent, March 1, 1862, No. Mo.— GABR IEL'S Self-adhesive Patent Indestructible MINE RAL TEE I'll and FLEXIBLE GUMS, without palates, springs, or wires, and without operation. One set lasts a lifetime, and WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and ARTICULATION. Purest materials only, at half the usual cost. Messrs. GABRIEL, the old-established Dentists, 27, HARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE; 34, LUDGATE-HILL, LONDON; 65, NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM; and 134, DUKE-STREET, LIVERPOOL. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, CLASS 17. One visit only required from country patients. Gabriel's Practical Treatise gratis. Consultations free. EPPS'S COCOA. (Commonly called Epps's Homoeopathic Cocoa). The delicious aroma, grateful smoothness, and invigo• rating power of this preparation have procured its general adoption as a most desirable liteakfast beverage. }lb., ilb., and 11b. packets, at ls. 6d. per lb.,by Grocers.' ABOON TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.— Dr. SMITH has just published a FREE EDITION of 20,000 copies of his valuable work, THE PRIVATE MEDI CAL FRIEND (116 pages), on the Self-cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of Memory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, &0., resulting from the secret sins of youth. Copies may be had free by sending a stamped directed envelope to the Author's residence, 8, Burton-crescent, London, W.C. Consultation by Letter without Fee. Dr. SMITH will, for the BENEFIT of persons suffering from NERVOUS DEBILITY, tc., on receiving a description of their case (enclosing a stamped directed envelope for re ply), send his written opinion, with advice and directions for the most successful treatment and cure.—Address, Dr. Smith, 8, Burton-crescent, London, W.C. TRULY EFFICACIOUS AND MILD.- Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre pared withoulany mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr. Scott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who suffer from bilious and liver complaints, indigestion, wind, spasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, dm For habitual costiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system. Sold by W. Lambert, 20, Jermyn-street, Haymarket, London, and by most druggists, in boxes, is. lid., and three times the quantity in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green package, with " William Lambert," engraved on the stamp. THE CAUSES of PREMATURE DECAY. — Authors of eminence have ascribed the decline of 'the Roman empire to the effeminacy of manners, which precluded resistance ; and this effeminacy they trace chiefly to vicious habits acquired in early life, by which, in our own time, an influential journalist has endeavoured to account for the de cline of population in the Asiatic provinces of Turkey. The peculiar source of physical and moral degenera.cv al luded to has at all times been specially deprecated by philo soppers and philanthropists. It besets inexperienced youth. laying the foundation of future misery, poisoning the nuptial cup with bitter malignity; destroying health, curtailing life, and making it, during its brief career, a scene of anguish, from the consciousness of humiliating infirmity. The evil is but too rife in our age and country ; and expe rience can often discern the sad results in the early deaths, the hereditary and perpetuated ailments, and the matri monial discords and vandals, described, in convential par lance, as " unaccountable " and "mysterious." In cases of threatened injury to or suspension of faculties whose sound ness and vigour form su h a prominent constituent in human happiness, sufferers may have their fears removed, the mis chief, however severe and inveterate , eradicated, and their Warmest hopes of restoration to life's prerogatives fully realised. Dr. L &WERT, M.D., has been engaged for 20 years in the treatment of these disorders, and his treatise on "Self-Pre servation " describes how all the attributes of Manhood are lost or suspended, and how they can be restored and main tained in health and vigour to an advanced period of life. Price I s , post free in a sealed envelope 20 stamps, by Mann, 28, Cornhill ; or from the Author, who may be consulted daily, from 11 till 2 and 6 till 8, at his residence, 37, BEDFORD-SQURE, London. DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD : k MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATORRHCE NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &o. 'ust Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates, in a sealed envelope, price Is., Sold by all Booksellen, and sent post paid, by the Author, for 1 2 stamps, M ANHOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE . MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions for Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L. CURTIS, 15, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, Loudon. CONTENTS: IN TRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological Structure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs. CHAPTER ll.—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence; Early Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect. of Follies CHAPTER lII.—A R ev i ew o f th e var i ous Di squa lifications Ma rriVe ; wheth er resulting from Youthful Abuse, th e of Maturity, the Eff ec t s o f Cli ma t e, or I n f ec ti on. CHAPTERS G rrh IV. and V. on the moder n T rea t m ent of The cT o cea and Syp . Book oncludeshilis with numerous varied and interesting cases, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive Lotion. REVI EWS OF THE WORK. "Curtis on should be in the hands Manhood. —Thi s i s a truly valuable work, and of young,andold 3d Faarch, 1856. "The author has centerred a great y publishing this " " Sunday Times," tile work, in which is described the s ou rce of those diseases which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature o!t3 kre."—" Daily Telegraph,,, Mara. 27, 1856. LOhdon : Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater noster-row: Mann. 29, Clornhill. noun plOg us ultatl9ll7 - 10 tv and Gto gi btuidays, 10 till In some recent numbers of the Revue des Def4X Illondes there appeared a narrative condensed from the book of an escaped exile of Siberia which was published in 1861, and which deserves to better known to English readers. The writer, M. Rufin Piotrowski, is almost a solitary example (there has been, indeed, but one other) of a man relegated to that dismal prison-house who has attempted his escape and who has succeeded and lived to tell his extraordinary story. It appears that the writer went from Paris to Ka mieniec, in Podolia, in 1843, under a feigned name and with an English passport, being desirous of revisiting a country from which he had been banished, and having some politi cal objects in view, when, after a sojourn of some months, he was detected by the Russian police, sent in custody to Kiew, and there condemned to his Siberian banishment. Some curious experiences fell to his lot even at this the first stage of his detention, such as the inquiries of the Russian soldiers after the Grand Duke Constantine, dead in 1831, and whom they still believe to be living, somewhere or other, in concealment. It is curious that an impression like that which awaited the return of King Arthur, of Se bastian, or Earbarossa, should prevail in his case also, and that even on the borders of the White Sea, at Archangel, the author should hear of a white-haired man in the prison of Solovetsk who had become blind in consequence of the many tears he had shed, and who was no other than the missing Archduke. At Kiew also the author encountered some example of the barbarous punishments inflicted by the Russian authorities. Four thousand strokes of the rod in one case, of which half the number were sufficient to pros trate the recipient, though boasting of his tough skin, were a premonitory intimation to the author of the rigour of his own fate if he offended the officers intrusted with his de portation to Siberia. The author's status of noble exempted him from the worst infliction, that of making the journey to Siberia en convoi and on foot. ro those who incur the latter sentence, and they are the great majority, amounting as they did then to about 10,000 annually, the journey from Kiew to Tobolsk occupies a full year, and if they are assigned to the mines of Nertchinsk, in the Government of Irkutsk, upwards of two years. During this long and exhausting journey they are liable to the knout or to other murderous punishments which the author describes. But he himself, though con demned to hard labour, was transported in a kibitka, laden with heavy chains, which distressed him terribly, as a milder alternative. Arrived at Ekaterininski Zarod,he was at first condemned to work in irons at the Government dis tillery, in the company of atrocious criminals. His chains were, however, removed, and by degrees his lot was ame liorated, until eventually, like some of his educated compa triots, he was employed as a clerk in the distillery office. He was, nevertheless, liable to corporal chastisement at the caprice of the superintendent, though by his diligence, patience, and tact he contrived to escape this indignity. In his position as clerk he had, moreover, various opportuni ties of obtaining information from the inhabitants of diffe rent districts who resorted to the distillery for trading pur poses, and by this information he qualified himself for the tremendous venture, which he subsequently hazarded, of a run for life and liberty. Before he arrived at the point of carrying out this audacious project he had, however, full opportunities of learning the fate of those who languished in hopeless durance or who had attempted flight in vain. One curious and shocking incident of Siberian exile is the destiny which attends the children who may be born to the prisoners, and who are fated to remain serfs of the Crown. Even when their parents are amnestied and permitted to return, this degradation still attaches to the children unless they are exempted by special decree ; yet even this has not prevented noble Polish ladies from following their hus bands, though under the condition also that once in Siberia they must henceforth remain there. Attempts at escape were punished by incarceration in the fortress of Akatouia or by more summary tortures. The writer tells the story of a certain Abbe Sierocinsk who attempted to organize a concerted effort for the liberation of himself and his companions, and who was condemned to 7,000 strokes " sans snerci," and who received the last 3,000 on his lifeless body. Another Pole, Wysocki, incarcerated at Akatouia, had formed the design of forcing his way with his comrades across the Steppes to Persia or China—so chimerical were the hopes entertained by these unhappy exiles, and so invariable, except in the author's case, had been their speedy frustration. At the end of 1845 an ordinance of the Emperor Nicholas enjoined a more rigorous treatment of the Siberian pri soners, and threatened to abridge the little liberty which the author then enjoyed, whereupon he revolved more de terminedly his project of escape. It is startling as a mea sure of the enterprise to find him undecided as to whether he should run for the Sea of Okhotsk or Bokhara and India, or for the Caspian and the Circassians, and ultimately elect ing for the route over the Ural and by the steppe of Pet chore for Archangel. The grande route by which he had arrived in Siberia was out of the question, because the resi dents on it have views of their own as to escaped cons icts. In fact, they have one economic maxim, that in killing a squirrel they get but a single skin, while in killing a varnak, as they designate the exiles, they get three—his coat, his shirt, and his human skin to boot. Thus the writer re solved to make for Archangel, and having furnished him self with sham passports and some little money, on the Bth of February, 1846, he crossed the Irtiche at night by a boat which was left unguarded on its bank, and, disguised as a Russian peasant, he commenced his unprecedented journey. Its success probably turned on the single lucky chance of his meeting a peasant at the outset who gave him a lift be hind two fleet horses as far as Tara. Here he found other horses, and in a few stages he got quickly ahead of his pur suers, if, as is likely, he was pursued. It was rarely that he ventured to claim a refuge at the Izbas on his route, and though the winter was one of unusual rigour he plunged at nightfall into the forest and slept Ostiak fashion in a hole in the snow. He states that by degrees he acquired great skill in the construction of this species of shelter, and that he contrived to take repose there, though the absence of warm nourishment was most distressing to him, and the frozen bread which at intervals he procured at the Ostiak cabins was a miserable support under such extreme hardships. As a rule, the inhabitants whom he ventured to accost were compassionate and hospitable, though in one place he was suspected, from his possession of four shirts, an unusual number for a Russian peasant, and at another place he was robbed of some of his little stock of money, and of his passport which was a more serious bereavement. Crossing the crest of the Ural mountains by moonlight, the grotesque desolation of their scenery deepened the terrors and depressions of his strange situation; yet after two months of this savage existence in the snow and the forests he reached the gates of Veliki Oustioug in April, 1846, Up to this point he had affected the character first of a traveller to the fair at Irbite, then of a workman seeking employment, and now he assumed that of a pilgrim going to salute the sacred images of the Convent of Solovetsk in the White Sea, for all which personations he had to make incessant study of the convenances of his situation and status. In company with a number of other pilgrims he worked his passage down the Dwina to Archangel, threw his coin into the stream in common with the rest in order to render his voyage propitious, and at length beheld the bourne of his exhausting journey in the forest of masts which crowded that busy port. Here, however, as he crept f a o l o r e n i g g n the es p q t u a z s i , den thesir i s n i g g h t obutf hisnot e o d u a n r t i r y n g m e t o n accost s e s r o v m e d e that a Russian official barred the entry to every vessel, and, as he dared not confront the latter without his pass port, on the very threshold of liberty he was compelled to renounce his project. It is a striking proof of his resolution and perseverance that at this point he determined to make a further attempt to reach the Lake of Onega, and thence, by the River Svir, the Lake of Ladoga, and the Neva, proceed to St. Peters burg. At St. Petersburg he was lucky in making a cheap bargain with the master of a steam-vessel bound for Riga, and he traversed Courland and Lithuania, till he got to the Prussian frontier. Between Polonga and Kurszany, he ran the gauntlet of the frontier guard, was fired at but escaped, and ultimately reached Konigsberg. Even here he was not yet out of danger, for there existed a convention be tween Russia and Prussia for the exchange of fugitives, and at that time, on account of the disturbed state of Posen, the Prussian authorities were unusually vigilant. At Konigsberg he was arrested and thrown into prison, when he appealed to the compassion of the chief authorities, and to their astonishment detailed his extraordinary escape. To their credit be it said, they were shocked at the obliga tion to deliver up a man who had made such efforts to re gain his freedom, and they connived at his escape by way of Germany to France. On the 22d of September, 1846, he again found himself in Paris, which he had quitted four years previously, and when the Revolution of 1848 broke out he engaged in new efforts for the enfranchisement of his country. In the leisure which followed the failure of these, he composed, as he tells us, the memoir of his flight, which the best authorities in Paris have accepted as en tirely authentic. Had his situation permitted him to keep a journal of its incidents day by day, it would have been doubtless still more interesting from the particularity of its ut lei , theewritera nreader capacity details. Its success ive incidents at p r esent are related with manners his will in these nners find some of a vagueness occasione d b y their resembla nce one to another, and by the difficulty o f recalling them d i one by one after the intervaluutious illustrationso f a year of two. R As s s t u is torpid latitudes, and especially some stran g e traits of Rus sianby tsimup.ersTthitsionnuosbssteaurvepditgri are as lax in their m ora l s h as they are scrupulous in their devotions, we may credit the author's experience of their deportment in the Cara vansera of Archangel, where the devotees of both sexes ex hibited• tant as a contribution to But the book is especially important of which Poland al readythat collection of writings on Siberia the frailties which are compatible with orthodoxy. bitter resentments they evoke, keep alive its spirit of resist possesses a considerable library, and whi . ch, _by te, ante to the Aluecovite dominion, An oukaz, signed by the Emperor at Novgorod, and published a few days afterwards in the official journal, stays the action of all sentences of confisca tion pronounced against Poles from 1831 until the present time. As usual, however, in documents of this kind, certain exceptional cases are provided for in which the clemency of the Sovereign will not be exercised. If an estate has been confiscated, sold, and paid for, there is au end of the matter, and the dispossessed proprietor must put up with his loss. But if it should appear that some estate, confiscated 30 years ago has not been sold, but is at this moment in the hands of the Russian Government, then the Polish proprietor, if he has p ro fit e d by the Impe rial amnesty of 1856, an d has returne d t o P o l an d, may claim his land, and will be reinstated in pos session thereof. Moreover, if any instalment or in stalments be yet owing o n t h e purc h ase of an estate confiscated and sold b y t h e Government, th e sums so due are to be pl ace d at the disposa l o f t h e l a t e proprietor, provided always that he has obtained the Emperor's pardon and has gone back to his native country. This recent oukaz confirms the oukaz of 1859, which confirms that of 1856, which grants pardon and the right of returning to Poland to all exiles who may petition the Emperor to that effect, and who have not rendered themselves un worthy of mercy by their " incorrigible hatred" to the Imperial Government. As most of the exiles had, in some way or other, given proofs of a very natural aversion to the Power which had driven them from their homes, as none were to have any portion of their property restored to them, and as all were to remain for three years under the sur veillance of the police, it was to be expected that very few indeed would be able to profit by the so called amnesty of 1856. Those, however, who did contrive to take advantage of it may now claim their confiscated property, if, by some curious and almost inexplicable accident, it should turn out that it was not sold or given away 30 years ago. Some of the German papers estimate the increase in the Russian army consequent on the recruiting just ordered at 300,000, and even 350,000 men. It would be nearer the mark to say that the latter figure will represent the entire effective force after the recruiting has taken place, It must be remem bered not only that there has been no regular levy of men in Russia since the Crimean war, but also that, in addition to the losses by natural deaths during a period of nearly seven years, the army has been greatly weakened by continual campaign ing in the Caucasus both before and after the cap ture of Schamyl. As for the levy just ordered at the rate of 5 per 1,000, it will give scarcely more than 100,000 men. Five recruits have to be sup plied by every thousand males of the classes liable to military service, not by every thousand of the po pulation in general. The number of male peasants of all kinds—the peasantry forming by far the most important of the classes in question—amounts to about 20,000,000. It is many years since Russia has been able to content herself with such a small army as she has now. At the end of last year the entire military force of the country, according to official documents, was composed of 450,000 men of all arms, and there were probably not 300,000 really prepared to take the field. In 1829, just after' the Turkish, and im mediately before the Polish war, the Russian army, if all the regiments had been complete, would have numbered 1,400,000 men. That was the nominal force, as shown by the records of the Ministry of War ; and competent military authorities say that there was an effective force of 750,000, which, in spite of successive recruitings, was greatly reduced before Warsaw was taken in 1831. There is nothing very alarming in the Russian army being increased by 100,000 men, but the manner in which the increase is to be brought about proves that the system of army reform recommended by the Committee (or " Commis sion ") on Military Affairs is nut likely to be adopted. Last year and the year before all sorts of possible and impossible reforms in the Russian Administration were being discussed by innumerable committees appointed for the pur pose. All these committees worked separately, and, as it afterwards appeared, at cross purposes, the reforms proposed by one being often quite incom patible with those proposed by another. It was hoped that they would ultimately be united so as to form one general committee, w hich might have been made the nucleus of a regular deliberative as sembly, composed of memb er s nominated by the Crown, and members elected by the various pro vinces of the empire. Nothing, however, has come out of the system, directly or indirectly, except that the committee intrusted with the elaboration of the emancipation scheme acquitted itself of its task in a very masterly m anner , from a bureau cratic point of view —though the law, as published and attempted to be put in force, appears to pos sess the disadvantage of being impracticable. The other committees had not, for the most part, to go to work on a plan already accepted by the Government, but to make suggestions and recom mendations o f t h e i r own. :Thus, t h e C omm itt ee on Press Matters advised that the preventive censor ship should be abolished—instead of which the Go vernment abolished four independent journals. The Committee on Military Affairs, having to con sider how the expense of the army could be di minished without lessening its efficiency, and how it could b e recru i ted without interfering too much with agricultural labours, recommended that each province or "government" should furnish 5,000 men and that a po r ti on o f the number , after being drilled, should be all owe d to continue the cultivation of their fields, unle ss circumstances absolutely required that they should be called under arms. It was also proposed that the regiments maintained in a con stant state of efficiency should receive increased pay; that schools and reading societies should be estab lished at all barracks ; that improved hospital ac commodation should be provided, and that corporal punishment should be done away with. In the course of its deliberations this committee had had the advantage of receiving reports from officers who had been sent to examine the hospitals, barracks, military schools, and military systems in general of Germany, France, and England; and it cannot be doubted that at one time serious intentions were entertained of improving the position of the Russian soldier, both morally and materially. At present, however, the military Sunday schools, established by the officers of various regiments at their own expense, have, in common with all the others, been closed, and all the military reading societies that had been formed are also broken up. We see, too, that the recruiting is to take place as under the old system, and that the peasants will have to fur nish recruits for the first time these seven years, at the very moment when they will be suffering the most bitter disappointment from finding that their land is really not to be given up to them, and that if they wish to possess it as absolute property they must pay for it. It is a curious fact that the Government has not only not adopted any one of the recom mendations made by the Military Committee, but has acted in a precisely contrary spirit to many of them, even when it had not been doing so before. This will he encouraging to members of other committees, if the committee system should ever be resorted to again. There was one manifest impossibility , how ever, in the new plan for recruiting and organising the army. Each pro vince was to have its own troops. Thus, the nine w es t e rn provinces, taken from Poland at the first, second, and third partitions, would have possessed a little army (45, 000 m en) recr u it e d from a popula tion which the Russians can demonstrate by ethno logical reasoning to be t horoughly Russian, but which has proved itself by arguments of a more po sitive nature to be decidedly Polish—j us t as Jersey men,though speaking a French patois and of French descent, are by history and patriotic feeling Eng lish. Indeed, the whole project appears to have been formed with a view to quite a new state of things in Russia, and probably this has been the fault with many other schemes prepared by the committees. To be able to abolish the censorship, to be able to keep Polish troops in Polish provinces, it would first of all be necessary to produce a gene ral feeling of content throughout the empire. It would be necessary that the Poles should be go verned as Poles, and that Poles and Russians should both be governed, to some extent, through their representatives. In spite of propositions contradictory in them selves, there appears to have been a certain unity of purpose between the various committees, and even between the committees and the assemblies of the nobility. We do not hear of any committee having reported that there was no necessity for change in the Russian system of Government, and that the views of the Emperor Nicholas ought to be carried out to the fuliest possible extent. On the other hand, every committee, either with intention or from the nature of the case, seems to have re commended a reform of such a kind that it could not be put into practise without being accompanied by other reforms. For instance, if the censorship were abolished, it would be, necessary to establish tribunals for trying press offences; and it would be better that the censorship should remain than that, such tribunals having once been established, per sons brought before them should not have the ad vantage of trial by jury, instead of being left at the mercy of a judge nominated by the Government and removable at will. If trial by jury were established, it would be necessary to have advocates to address the jury and to question the witnesses. In short, the abolition of the censorship, to be a measure of utility, would have to be followed by a complete transformation of the present iniquitous mode of legal procedure in Russia. It is hard to think of any abuse, injustice, or even great incon venience in the Russian system of affairs that could be remedied simply by itself. There is a disadvan tage in this, inasmuch as it renders minor reforms and gradual changes next to impossible. The kind of change which it necessitates was plainly indi cated by the committees of the nobility last year, when, being consulted by the Government as to the advisability of forming land-credit institutions, they replied that it was quite indispensable to form them, and utterly impossible to do so, except through the labours of a representative body. At present, all that is likely to come of the cele bration at Novgorod, from which so much was ex pected, is known. The Russians get nothing. The nobles get what they can manage to extract from their newly-recognised right, under certain circum stances, to claim property that was confiscated 30 y ear s ago, in case the Government should have for gotten to sell it. ROME AND ITALY. A letter from Turin, dated Oct. 5, says :--The Italian papers publish a letter from Count Cavonr, written to one of the leading statesmen in Tuscany (probably Baron Ricasoli) at the time when the an nexation of Central Italy to Piedmont was an achievement still beset with difficulties, and when the settlement of Italian matters in general, and of the Roman question in particular, suggested to the great European Powers a line of conduct which might perhaps be very profitably followed under present circumstances : "Turin, Feb. 1, 1860. " I consider it my pressing duty to lay before you the four propositions made by England to France, which were officially communicated to me yesterday. With a view to come to an arrangement of Italian affairs the following terms should be come to " 1. France and Austria should not interfere by force in the internal affairs of the Peninsula, unless they were asked so to do by the unanimous consent of the five great Powers of Europe. " 2. By virtue of this agreement the Emperor of the French would come to opportune arrangements with the Pope so as to withdraw the French troops from Rome. The time and order of this withdrawal should be so contrived as to give the Papal Government the chance of garrisoning Rome with the troops of his holiness, and adopting such precautions as might avert the dangers of disorder and anarchy. England thinks that by such means and by pro per provisions the safety of his holiness will be entirely gua ranteed. Convenient measures shall also be taken for the removal of the French troops from the North of Italy within a reasonable time. " 3. The internal Government of Venetia shall not be made the subject of negotiation among the European Powers. "4. Great Britain and France will invite the King of Sardinia to engage to send no troops into Central Italy be fore the various States and provinces which compose it have solemnly expressed their veto as to their future destinies by the organ of their national assemblies to be purposely elected. In the event of such a vote resulting favourably to annexation to Piedmont, Great Britain and France will no longer object to the march of the Sardinian troops into the abovementioned States and provinces. There are the pro posals of England, and they have been in their general principle accepted by France. The Emperor of the French only made a reserve on the article respecting Venetia, as he intends to uphold and defend the cause of that province by his good offices. It is the Emperor's wish, however, that his intentions as to these proposals should not be made public before he had sent to Vienna his suitable explana tions, and before he had time to invite the Courts of Berlin and St. Petersburg to accede td them, so that the new settlement of Italian affairs should be effected with the sanction of the two great northern Powers. France also warmly recommends that during these last and definitive negotiations no act should be accomplished or even under. taken which may in any way alter the present state of things. The only condition of the annexation is a new vote of the population, not consulted by universal suffrage, but by the means of new asssemblies to be elected in that form which will be deemed most expedient. As to their convo cation, the King's Government has made some opening at Paris and London, of which I will in due time communi cate the results. It is not without deep emotion of my soul that I forward these tidings to you, for they seem to me to prove that the annexation may by this time be looked upon as an accomplished fact, and that the aim of all our hopes and wishes is well-nigh attained. "Receive, &c., "C. CAVOUR." This letter would always have great interest in the eyes of all readers, merely as an historical docu ment and out of regard for the writer. Like other posthumous publications of Cavour, it is calculated to enhance the merits of that man, whose name seems to gain upon public opinion at every step the living generation takes from his grave. But the letter has, besides, great intrinsic im portance, as it lays open some of the first trans actions of the great Western Powers, some of the first steps taken towards the solution of the Roman question. The Emperor Napoleon had put forward that word " Non - Intervention" at Villa franca, and England took good care, so far as it was in her power, that it should be no empty, un meaning phrase. The occupation of Rome by a French garrison was as much a breach of .that principle as the presence of Austrian troops at Parma, Bologna, or Florence would have been. It was as just that the Pope should reign by his own unaided strength at Rome as that the Bourbon should keep his seat by the same means at Naples. The French E mperor had h i s own l og in driv e n _ He home to him, an d wou ld not d raw back. a affected t o consent; he d ec l are d himself be could to -u withdraw from R ome , but he thought to o cZ i n d yet do something if he could only maro u g ne ., 5 had as time, so he proposed to call to which Powers, Russia and Prussia,t:e m atter, and yet by no means moved in with it, but by some which had no right to meddle other to be raised. He of which, if consulted, unexpected English scheme might chance o n a ppeal to either of the had not taken the trouble to ee objections to the en resolved upon war in Northern Powers from the Austrian empire L its om ri b ch ar e d s y t now it was England who the interests of Italian was bent upon furth e r i ng Napoleon sought his auxiliaries in nationality, and f European innovation. Not withstanding p a r n o d v e r e ewn - lel t the natural enemies o motion wa' d in the main. Central Italy wa s an . S Carrie this hindr ance,. the English an nexed, and of the whole scheme nothing remained unfulfilled but the French evacuation of Rome. Towards this latter object negotiations were carried on between all the parties concerned, until, towards the end of April, 1860, it had been definitively set tled that the French troops should leave Rome, and, by his note of the 11th of May ensuing, Cardinal Antonelli seemed to agree to that departure. La moriciere was then at the head of a mighty Papal host, with which the Court of Rome not only felt sure of its ability to keep its present subjects to their allegiance, but even to aspire to the re-con quest of its lost provinces. The expedition of Mar sala, the fall of the Neapolitan Bourbon, and the inroad of the Italians into the Marshes and Um bria changed the whole position of affairs. After Castelfidaro the Pope would never have had power to hold his own even at Rome; hence the French Emperor, who deemed himself bound, at least, to the personal protection of the Pontiff, far from recalling his troops from the Eternal City, only thought of adding to their num ber. Nothing, indeed, is easier for Napoleon than to solve the question to his own satisfaction so far as Italy and the Italians are concerned. He has only to say "Do not stir !" and either gratitude or fear, or any other feeling, is sufficient to paralyse all movement on their part. But the Pope's own position is greatly altered for the worse ; he no longer has, in the early part of 1860, such a mili tary force as he then thought adequate to the sub jugation of his subjects. Pimodan lies buried ; La moriciere is un liomme manque, and in De Merode a good priest has simply been spoilt to make a very indifferent soldier. The Pope cannot be delivered up to his people without great immediate risk of an immediate breakdown. It is necessary, therefore, either to perpetuate the French occupation, or to trust some other nation or Power with the defence of the Vatican, or, finally, to build up again such a Papal army as may screen the Holy See from harm, with some hope of better success than has hitherto crowned the efforts of Lamoriciere and De Merode. Now it does not seem rational for the Europe of our great generation to put faith in any soldato del Papa, be he even a Swiss, a Belgian, or an Irishman. It is not easy for France, for Italy, or for England to tole rate an Austrian, a Spanish, or any other foreign garrison at Rome. The Pope would not willingly place himself at the discretion of the King and people of Italy; consequently, unless it is meant either that the Pope should quit Rome or that the Papacy as a temporal Sovereignty should perish, it is necessary that the old edifice should continue to be, as it now is, propped up by French bayonets. That being the case, I conceive it would be a great gain for the Pope, for Italy, and for the whole world, if the Emperor Napoleon, instead of setting his semi-official organs by the ears, instead of quib bling and shuffling with Roman, Italian, English, and other diplomatists, would freely speak out. England, I should think, has nothing to tender in this matter except her friendly offices. She ac cepted the French occupation of ,Rome in 1849 as the choiee among many evils. There are no greater reasons militating against the temporal power of the Pope now than there were 14 years ago, than there were three, or eight, or ten centuries ago. The Romans have a very good right to object to it cer tainly, and the Italians the best titles to sympa thise with the Romans; but till they are strong enough to make good by might of arms the justice of their cause it is by no means likely that French or English diplomacy will avait them much. The Emperor Napoleon himself, to say nothing of his real secret intentions, has put himself in an impasse where no outlet is. It would seem difficult for the Italians to find fault with, at least, the good intentions of England ; but there are perverse reasoners enough in this country—nearly all the political light that ever dawns south of the Alps comes from Paris, so that we have newspapers here fain to ascribe Villafranca, Aspromonte, all the calamities of Italy, not ex cepting even the occupation of Rome, to the evil influence of Great Britain. 1. Were it not for the intolerab!e fuss that heretic England, out of reli gious bigotry and political jealousy, makes about the Pope, the Emperor Napoleon would be but too ready to let us go to Rome ; but, as it is, out of sheer spirit of contradiction, he must needs abide where he is. England knows it, but it suits her to goad her neighbour out of all patience that some fine day he may not be tempted to give in to the entreaties of the Italians, when these latter will be too strong, especially if allied to France, to allow the English to lord it, as they now do, all over the Mediter ranean." Such stolid nonsense one may read any day in the Turin Gazetta del Popolo ; and, " more over," says that extremely wise journal, "If Eng land has such deep sympathies with our cause, why, instead of asking France to evacuate Rome, does she not bid Austria take herself out of Venice ?" This taunt will seem less gratuitous now when the Italians learn by Cavour's letter that in February, 1860, England stipulated that "the internal Go vernment of Venetia should not be meddled with," while, on the contrary, " the French Emperor made a reserve on the article respecting Venetia." Yet the conduct of England, I need hardly say, was very fair and consistent throughout. On the French first crossing the Alps for the war of Lombardy in 1859, England thought, with the very best reasons, that the proclaimed liberation of Italy should, as it did in 1796, end in a substitution of French instead of Austrian ascendancy over the pe ninsula. AfterVillafranca the first twinkling of hope that Italy, or at least a large part of it, could actu ally belong to itself was hailed with the greatest enthusiasm both by the English people and the Go vernment who then set up the cry of "Italy for the Italians," and took the French Emperor to his word about the no n -i n t erve ntion principle. It at certainly not England's fault if Napoleav 111• , Gaeta and at Rom e b ro k e th rou gh the trammels of that self-imposed compact. As for Venice, not only did England not m e a n i n 1860 that Austria should retain possession of th a t p rov i nce if be helped, but b o th th en , an d at the t hing could times, she left not a stone unturned to convince Austria of the expediency, nay, necessity, of looAse ustria that did ning last hold she yet had of Italian s oil. not listen to the voice of the charnaer, charm he never so wisely, an d England certainly thought venture on an acted it would be rash for Italy to to she attack on the Mincio , w single handed, or relied on the support war would have been the inevitable result. of France. In either case a general European England dreaded the issues of such a w ar, for the welfare of Italy her self. The danger which ;8 indeed she justly apprehend e d two years ago present . far from being averted at, th Russia, nt. Should France, e and all E m urope bind themselve s t o k eep the peace--could fair play and open lists be o b ta i ned for the con t e nding parties, and Italy a n d A ustria be allowed to settle their dispute about Venice as at a chivalrous tournament—the Italians might certainly g 0 t o war with England's b es t w i shes. But it is idle to reckon upon such contingencies. The ques tions of Rome and Venice are wound up with vital European interests. All the Italians can do towards the attainment of their object is to give new proofs of that firmness, moderation, and pa tience which have so far enlisted European sym pathies in their behalf. ERIOUS 'ROBBERIES AT ASIITON-UNDER - LYNE. —A very daring robbery was committed at the Painters' Arms, Old-street, Ashton-under-Lyne, on Saturday even ing. It seems that the funds of a club held at the house, are kept in a tin box, in ono of the rooms on the third s torey. About a quarter-past five on Saturday afternoon the money was seen all safe, but about half-past twelve, it was found that the box had been robbed. £6O in gold and silver was carried off, but a £2O Bank of Eng land note was left behind by the thieves. Sometime dur ing Sunday night, an entrance was made at the shop and house of Mr. Wm. Gibson, china and earthenware dealer, Market Avenue, Ashton-under-Lyne, and between £6O and £7O in gold and silver stolen. A large amount of copper was made up in five shilling papers, was left behind. As far as wo can ascertain there is not the least clue to 010 perpetrators of either of these serious robberies. PROTECTION OF SHIPS' PROPELLERS. A trial, by order of the Admiralty, has been made at Portsmouth of the Cunningham plan for protect ing the screws of steamships from fouling by under lying warps, wreckage, or other floating material, with a small screw yacht, belonging to Mr. Cun ningham, the patentee of the system of reefing top sails from the deck, and fitted with his "screw pro tectors," which is a simple application of radius bars from the inner sternpost, and deadwood, with chains reaching from them to the ship's quarter and keel, and a network of rope and chain at the water's edge in the run of the ship. The tests first applied were those most likely to occur under ordinary circum stances of losing masts and rigging from the effects of the weather or from the shot of an adversary, in both instances being supposed to be under steam with the spars and wreckage sucking under the quarters. A boat's spar with loose rigging attached, and numbers of ends of ropes floating, to represent spar wreckage, was thrown overboard from each bow, fore and main chains, checked with guiding lines to bring it under the quarters, the vessel yawed wide over in order to bring the wreckage across the vessel's stern, and therefore as closely as possible in contact with the working screw (the Swinger gunboat having the vessel in tow at full speed) ; but every attempt to bring a " fouling'' failed, and the " protector" proved to be thoroughly efficient. These tests were next repeated at half speed, and were attended with the same results. A. quantity of ropes, coir and hemp, was next made up in loose coils and flung overboard from each bow, and also from the chains on each side, and the whole mass, with their numerous floating loose ends, were checked along the sides of the protectors to give every chance of fouling the screw. This was, however, again found to be impossible, and fur ther experiments in this direction were therefore abandoned. In the concluding experiment the schooner was made fast from its stem to the gun boat's stern with a short length of hawsers, the gun• boat then going a-head at full speed, when the spar and wreckage were thrown over from the gunboat between the ends of the protectors over the schooner's screw. It, as a matter of course, became fouled at once and gave an illustrative proof of the want of some means of protection from floating wreck, hawsers, &c., of our ships of war when under steam. The experiments, which were considered of a most satisfactory character, were carried out under the superinten dence of Commander Miller, of l•er Majesty's ship Asia, Mr. Hill, master of the same ship, and Mr. Murdoch, inspector of machinery afloat. 711 E SECOND MARSHLAND INUNDATION KING'S LYNN, TUESDAY. Very little work at the dams was accomplished yesterday, the time being occupied almost solely in preparations and accumulating material. Hun dreds of navvies were all yesterday and to-day occupied in heightening the banks from the sluice up to the point where the first dam is to be made; but though a great mass of earth has been thrown up it is not puddled, and wants solidity to resist the pressure of the tide. In many places the " cradges" thus made have been swept clean away at high water. it has been already stated that the sluice bank gave way on Sunday evening, without more than ten minutes warning. This is true, but in a limited sense Our reporter has just ascertained that four or five months ago, when the sluice was being strengthened by piling and the deposit of clunch on the outer face, the divers at that time employed on the Middle Level dam examined the founda tions of the sluice, and reported through Messrs. Smith and Leather, the contractors at the dam, that there was a hole of six feet width in the bank next the wing wall at the very spot where it has now given way. Messrs. Smith and Leather then recommended that a dam should be immediately struck across the mouth of the drain, and the sluice and banks thoroughly examined and repaired from the foundations upward. This was not done, although it is to be presumed that efforts were made to stop the hole. It is hardly possible to describe the alarm and depression occasioned throughout the district by the state of affairs this morning. The day opened on a heavy rain, which has continued all day, ac companied by a gale from the north-west—the most adverse combination possible. The tide of this morning was consequently full four feet higher than that of last night; and this evening (about seven o'clock) it will be still higher unless the wind abates. The sea water rushing through the breach rapidly filled the drain and poured over its banks, wherever the cradging had been ineffectual, into the Marshland sewer, and over the further bank of this on to the lands of Mr. Peek tind others, filling the stack-yards and coming close to the houses themselves. Making its way rapidly up the two main arteries it filled the internal drains and caused them to overflow on either hand. The scene is now exactly similar to that of May last, but so much the worse as Marshland itself is now invaded, as well as the Smeeth and Fen. The flood is spreading across in the direction of Tilney Buck (three miles in a direct line from the outfall), and Mr. Robert Bird, Mr. Batterham, and other extensive farmers in that neighbourhood have significant warnings of the necessity of removing not only their corn and stock, but also themselves, their families, and house hold goods. On the other side of the drains in the Fenlands the case is precisely similar, but of course aggravated by the low level of the soil. The flood is making its way close up to the Lynn and Wis bech Railroad, and there is every prospect of this being again submerged, and the traffic stopped. Some attempts have been made to check the flood by closing the sluices in the various smaller drains, but in few cases is this iikely to be successful, and it endangers the stability of the sluices themselves. The parish and farm roads have already in places been covered; but at pre sent the water rurs eff at the ebb tide through the broken -sluice and the Marshland sewer. Large quantities of cattle, sheep, and corn are necessarily from the threatened deprivation of standing for them, forced into the market at Lynn andto- c day ea ; ,is this, with falling prices for nearly all cereals, doubly disastrous. The land flooded to_dayis of f sti b m e a w t e e r d s o h v a er ve 2 h ,O e O ld o acres. The Marsh land Cou rt a long meeting this morning, and after an an i mated discussion h ave determined to entrust the safety of their drain and district to Mr. Valentine, C.E., and. to g i ve him a carte blanche as to th e wor k s h e may think it necessary to execute.