The Sun. — London, England, 1862-10-01 00:00:00

LIVES of EMINENT STATESMEN, by THOS. HOOD, Esq., in FUN, every week. 11 ow Ready, handsomely bound in Magenta cloth, gilt, price 4s. 6d. ; post free, is., the SZECOND half -yearly VOLUME of FUN, with ki numerous Eng-ravings by talented artists, and humor ous Articles by the following distinguished writers : W. Bailey, Esq. W. S. Gilbert, Esq. W. Barber, Esq. T. Hood, Esq. E. L. Blanchard, Esq. T. S. Jerrold, Esq. G. W. Bridc. , ,eman, Esq. W. J. Prowse, Esq. F. C. Burnand, Esq. Godfrey Turner, Esq. 11. J. Byron, Esq. &c., etc., &c. Office, 80, Fleet-street, London. CRYSTAL PALACE.- ARRANGEMENTS for TO-MORROW (THURSDAY). Open at NINE. Orchestral Band at Display of Upper Series of Fountains at 2. 0 Blondin and Orchestral Band at 3. 0 Great Organ Performance at Admission to all, One Shilling ; Children, Sixpence. CRYSTAL PALACE.-BLONDIN'S WONDERFUL FEATS on the LOW TIGHT ROPE TO-MORROW, at Three o'clock. ..* For full particulars of amusements see first page. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. This Evening, SATANELLA. Commence at 8. THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. This Eveninz, THE ROUGH DIAMOND. After which, THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW. To conclude with THE ARABS OF THE DESERT. A Troupe of the Beni-Zoug - Zoug. Commence at 7. THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. This Evening, A DAUGHTER TO MARRY . After which, OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. With DUC/I And THE GALICIAN FETE. Commence at 7. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI This Evening, THE GREEN BUSHES._ Followed by THE SHILLEIG DAY. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. This Evening . . THE RENDEZVOTJS. After which, 'ara quarter to 23. friaiG HENRY VIII. With BORROWDTG A HUSBAND. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. This Evenin PEEP O'DAY. Followed by KILLAR NEY.g. Conclude with THE COLLEEN BAWN SETTLED AT LAST. Commence at 7. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. This Evening, MAZEPPA. Brilliant Scenes in the Circle. Concluding with a Comic Ballet. Commence at 7. MR. and MRS. CHARLES MATHEWS " AT /1031 E," at Her Majesty's Concert Room, Haymarket, This Evening.. Commence at 8. W. S. WOODIN'S CABINET OF CURIOSITIES, Polygraphic Hall, King William-street, Charing-cross. Commence at 8. ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street, Hay market. Open every evening for Promenade and Dancing. CANTERBURY HALL.—EVERY EVENING.— Steckel, the great Trapeze performer—Grand Operatic Selec tion as usual —Unsworth, Eugene, and Duley, the great comic trio, dye. Commence at 7. THE OXFORD, 6, OXFORD-STREET, EVERY EVENING. —Grand Operatic Selections, with fell band and chorus.—The comic performance of Miss Caroline Parkes— Steckel on the Flying Trapeze—The Ethiopian oddities of Bumsey, Newcomb, &c. Commence at 7. EXHIBITION OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE, daily, at Burlington Gallery, 191, Piccadilly. NOTICE. All remittances are, henceforth, to be made to Mr. JOHN CHAPLIN, at The Sun office, 112, Strand, who has been appointed, by the Lord Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun newspaper, and the outstanding debts due in respect thereof. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 7h. Om.—Afternoon, 7h. 38m. To-monnow.-Morning, Bh. 20m.—Afternoon, 9h. sm. `l? t `Vr4( (: 4- •-. ;• - -.4, , ' f)r ~)TC .• ! R,~- ~~,.: F. THE SUN. LONDON, V EDNESDAY, OCT. 1, 1862. Under the circumstances—the Revenue Returns for the year, and for the quarter ending yesterday, are something wonderful. They are, without any question at all about it, in the highest degree satisfactory. That is—again we say it—under the circumstances! When,it is remembered what some of these circumstances really are, how depressing they are to a very considerable branch of our industry—an unavoidable diminution in our impor tation of an important raw material, necessitating, as a matter of course, an extraordinary diminu tion in our exportation of those same materials, when transformed, in the process of manufacturing —it must be allowed, even by the most synical alarmists amongst us, that the fluctuations visible upon these last revenue tables are altogether fall of hopeful encouragement, are actually, at this mo ment (taking the present into consideration for ex actly what it is worth, with little more than a passing thought for the future) in the highest degree gratifying. It is, certainly, something re markable, at the very first glance, to observe that the returns for the last quarter, under the head of Customs, have yielded more than they did in the corresponding quarter of last year by as much as £210,000. The Excise, it is true, shows aby no means inconsiderable deficiency; but, again, the falling off here is attributable not to the situation of things at home and abroad, and more especially across the Atlantic during 1862, but to the after consequences of what may yet therefore be en veighed against by some as the temerarous remission of the paper duties when there was actually no sur plus to go upon ! And when, without this important and, indeed, as it has hitherto been looked upon by all, essential condition for the remission of any permanent source of revenue, however small or comparatively insignificant in itself, we were (as we still are) spending annually about £70,000,000 sterling ! A little less than that awful round sum of £70,000,000 we have been spending during the last two years, ending each of them on the 30th of September. During 1861 the ex penditure of the United Kingdom within the twelve months, ending on the 30th of September, was £69,806,160. D • urmg 1862, for the year end lag on the same day of the same month, that is yesterday, the expenditure was • a trifle less th an that b to the return s for theleiaantg £ 69,685,540. Turning quarter only, as compared with the corresponding quarter of last year—we find that for 1861 th e £14,601,332, while for total revenue was it has been £14,600,983. So that the balance has been kept - up quite marvellously, we repeat, under the cir cumstances. A comparison of the return!, year and for th e qu arter in 1861 and 18 fo r. the 6 2, Is also remarkable, as showing that there hasbeena decrease of £120,620 only u p o n the year, and a upon the quarter to the "ridiculouslysmall amount' of £249. A circumstance, however, this last, d e _ monstrat ing how very closely we are hugging th e shore in the midst of the numerous and important difficulties besetting just now our financial navigation ! Besides the falling off in the Excise Returns already mentioned, there is another falling off yet :to be particularised—viz,, that arising under the head of the Property and Income Tar. The difficieney upon the quarter under the Ercise is greater by about £600,000, it is true, than the difficiency under the Property Tax—the latter showing a decrease of £17,000 only, the former a decrease of £617,000. There, however, in the mention of these two items, ends the brief cata logue of the deteriorations of our revenue returns for the last quarter. For the last half-year they show only one item - -the falling off to an extent not f_ar short of a million under the head of the (i 9o 2,ooo)—but no f a lling; off at all under the 4 E 4 Of the Property 'La BeTerting I how ever, to the consideration simply of this last qua rter ending yesterday, as compared with the cor responding quarter of last year—after mention in t. the deficiency by £617,000 under the Excise, an d by £17,000 under the Property Tax, we have to note, on the other hand, only a steady increase ender all the other heads of revenue ! Under that of the Customs, for example, the quarter's increase is to the tune of £219,000. Under the Stamps it is to the extent of £167,000. Under the general head of Taxes, the increase is one of £6,00 0 . The Post-office returns for the quarter show an advance of £25,000, and an increase upon the half-year of £50,000. There is a small item of increase in the return for the Crown Lands, namely, for the quarter, o f £521, and for the half-year, of nearly three times that amount, or £1,521. Finally, under the head of Miscellene• ous, the increase during the last quarter is very nearly as much as the increase for the last half year—the latter sum being £271,540, the former being £216,230. Upon the whole, therefore, to sum up once more, the estimated net decrease, giving the three gradations, namely, for the last year, for the last half-year, and for the last quarter, we find the sums set down in this way upon the tables growing happily "small by degrees and beau tifully less." For the year a decrease of £120,620 — for the yalf-year one of £ll,o6l—for the quarter one of £249. Seeing which, who shall say that the returns are not, in the fullest and truest sense of the word, satisfactory ? Remembering the American War, the Southern Blockade, the interrupted cot ton supply, the closing of the Lancashire mills, and so forth, the result is, upon the whole, unquestion ably satisfactory. While such,however, is the state of things in regard to the income, there is that other side of the shield, not the golden, glittering side, but the black and gloomy side, the side not of the income, but of the expenditure. There certainly remains matter for most weighty, and anxious, and even painful consideration. Can any one venture to gainsay the necessity for some early and sagacious revision of oar Expenditure, when the one simple fact is borne in mind that during the last quarter, ending, only yesterday, the amount of Expenditure has exceeded that of the Revenue by £3,429,902. The Commons of England have reason to look keenly to this increasing and alarming increase of expenditure over income, and they will look well to it, we may be tolerably certain, when the Legislature is brought together again in February. The Great Champions of economy, Mr. COBDEN and Mr. BRIGHT, are no longer in this matter to be trifled with, even by Lord PALMERSTON. And they have, to aid them and to co-operate with them, a powerful and am bitious Opposition. Englishmen may look with hopeful interest on the second failure of an invasion in America. So may all invasions end ! So an invasion of England would assuredly end ; and this, to us, is the great lesson of tho campaigh before Richmond and the campaign in Maryland; both were invasions, inva sions by powerful armies—invasions with every thing in their favour, and both miserably failed. Every one expected that the ill equipped, half starved defenders of Richmond could never resist the well appointed and larger army of M'CLELLAN, but they drove him ignominiously back. Again, when the two victorious Federal Generals, LEE and STONEWALL JACKSON, led their victorious soldiers into Maryland, none thought that the defeated General at the head of his defeated soldiers, would prove more than a match for the triumphant Con federates. But again, invasion of his country made a General of M'CLELLAN, and heroes of his soldiers, and after fighting from the Sunday till the Friday— for the Confederates were not willing to retreat —be compelled even LEE and JACKSON to take them selves back to their own side of the Potomac. Of course much may be said on the details in each case but the grand fact remains. Defence of Fatherland has given the victory to the least hopeful side. That it would be so in England we may be con fident. The inspiration of fighting for home and fireside would create soldiers and generals when nothing else could do it. We now see pretty plainly the course of this last campaign. The Confederates, moved both by poli tical and commissariat reasons, determined to in vade Maryland ; many of their own representatives in Congress were opposed to their doing so, but the expectation, in which they were deceived, that the Marylanders would join them, and the want of supplies, decided them to cross the Potomac. The Conft.derate Generals easily effected their passage, and took possession of Frederic city, issuing thence their manifesto as liberators. It appears, however, that but a small part of the people viewed them in that light, and M'CLELLAN'S march from Wash ington led them to retreat westward to the to the stronger position of Hagerstown. Here M'CLELLAN came up with them, and after hard fighting fairly beat them on the 14th, the Sunday, and drove them from their strong positions on the heights. On the Monday and Tuesday we now know that the fighting consisted merely of skir mishing, while the two armies were getting into a position for the great battle which was fought near the Potomac, at Sharpsburg, whither the Confede rates had retreated. This battle of the Wednes day was evidently a bloody one, and the Feda rals mast have fought w i th great courage. One General was killed, and we have a nominal list of thirteeen wounded ! The Confederates wer e the attacking party, and th e b a t t l e raged from t h e morning till 4 p.m.; th e effort it coat the Federals to beat back thei r assailants was v er y evi dent ust from pp suffering among th e G enerals; for we m they were wou n d e d i n the uni versal effort to chee r on th eir men in a de a dl y struggle. suppose that It was after this battle that M'CLELLAN, not knowing probably the full e xtent of the injury h e had done his assail tnts, thought that yet another struggle would be requisite to decide who should be masters of Maryland. LEE, however, knew his own position. He seems to have at once commenced his final retreat, Stonewall JACKSON appears to have conducted the retreat and to have performed also the duties of rear guard. As usual, the Southern fugitives had the dexterity to elude the enemy who had just beaten them, and their army was got across the Potomac with but little loss. M'CLELLA N did a d vance a b a ttery and shelled them in their retreat, but as they cross ed not only et s hepperdstown bridge, but by two fords also, • is not likel y ao ath t he did thera much harm from hi s safe distance. Ind ee d it l oo k s as if M'CLEL LAN had suffered to ucincito pursue them very hotly. Thus ended th e a l veh but h ere invasion of M ar yl an d. It was a bold da s h, nothing, to be an impru : dent one. They gained ot but lost a great deal. Not only did they l ose last stores, but prestige. They are no longer thel victors. Their greatest generals have suffered et defeat general whom they h o d d e feated. Th e fiturho of ue ni the cess will be with th e s id e t h ey attacked; andtheya. have raised the s pii r it s o f a disheartened arnY. Maryland now shown t o prefer the Union to- Secession, and its Secessionists will have a harder time of it than ever. The Confederates return home again to live on their heroic " green r cull and apples," villa may become less plOkAnt food in retreat, than it was in advance to the land, which, they were told, flowed with milk and honey. We cannot doubt that the invasion of Maryland will prove to have been in every light a great disaster for the South. It has failed in every object which could have led them to undertake it; they have proved the loyalty of the State to the Federa tion, instead of raising it in rebellion; they have lost rather than gained supplies; they have turned the tide of victory against themselves; they have breathed fresh courage into the North instead of frightening it—they went there hungry, and re treated to fast. And now, what next ? We cannot pretend to prophesy. The Federals have had their minor losses, notwithstanding the great success in Mary land. They have lost a garrison at Harper's Ferry, another in lientucily, but they have also taken towns on the Mississippi. These have little to do with the main issue; and that seems, as far as we can see, uo nearer decision than before. The pos session of the Border States, and the preservation of the territories as Freesoil, are what we trust the North will never concede to the great Southern curse. If slaveholders must be left to themselves, so let them ; but all civilization is interested in checking the spread of their hateful social cancer, which these blooded tyrants cherish as a Heaven sent gift! If the North cannot bring itself to emancipate the existing slaves' we trust it will yet succeed in the object only second to that—of shut ting up slavery in the planting States ; leaving to the planters their fill of their Divine Institution. To us Englishmen it would certainly appear that the King of ITALY has just missed his opportunity. His second daughter, H.R.H. the Princess MARIA PIA has been at length married to the King of PORTUGAL. Her MAJESTY, the fair young bride, has taken her departure for her new dominions. The KING, her father, bids her adieu at Genoa— watches the vessel that carries her away from her old home to her new home disappear in the dis tance—returns with his suite of attendants to Turin: and yet, when ail is over, when the whole courtly pageantry is completed—lo and behold there is no Amnesty ! GARIBALDI still, nominally at least, awaits his trial for high treason, as a wounded and defeated State Prisoner in his dungeon at Varignano. The meaning of this extra ordinary reticence on the part of King VICTOR EMMANUEL, we take it, the meaning of this appa rent indifference of his in regard to the treat ment of the most illustrious of his subjects, any one, however, can recognise surely upon the surface. General GARIBALDI, at the commencement of his late unfortunate and most mistaken enterprise, spoke words that were very daggers—daggers keenly sharpened and steeped in poison—in respect to the Imperial ally (we had almost said patron) of King VICTOR EM MANUEL, NAPOLEON 111., in his autumnal retreat at Biarritz, has to be borne especiallyin mind by the Italian Monarch, Hislmperial MAJESTY'S good will and pleasure have to be taken very seriously always into consideration at those ministerial councils at Turin, which are (unhappily for the popular party in Italy) presided over by Signor URBAN RATTAZZI. Hence the retention still of General GARIBALDI as a Prisoner of State in the fortress of Spezzia. Hence the completion of all the courtly festivities at Turin in connexion with the marriage of the daughter of VICTOR EMMANUEL to the King of P ORTUGAL, without the signalisation of those nuptials by the timely concession of the graceful boon of an Am nesty. A little later on, the concession of any Amnesty at all by VICTOR EMMANUEL, of any Amnesty that is to include within it the glorious name of General GARIBALDI, will be deprived of any appearance whatever of either grace or mag nanimity. To us, we repeat, it does seem all this, like the missing by the KING of a golden and precious opportunity. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA. FRA DIAVOLO. This ever delightful comic opera was revived ast evening at Covent-garden, after a slumber of some three seasons, and with a merit which im parted to it the utmost animation. The no velties of the occasion were the first appear ance of Mademoiselle Parepa, in the character of Zerlina, and also of Mr. W. H. Weiss in that of Lord Alleash. It gratifies us to add that both experiments were fortunate. If for physical reasons Mdlle. Parepa could not convey to us the exactest notion of the apprehensive tavern maiden, which, in the stretch of an inconvenient memory, it is in our power to recall her vocaliza tion on the other hand was so perfect and so delightful—so full of the vividest expression, as well as appropriate ornament, that we could not wonder at the gratification she so abundantly be stowed. Her " Diavolo" song alone was a suffi cient testimony to her merits. Mr. Weiss, whom we have always had to associate with tragic opera hitherto, made his first incursion into a comic region with indisputable success. His pictare of the shallow, selfish, figetty, and slightly jealous English traveller, had the merit of being humour ous, without the least defect of taste. His Lord Allcash was a gentleman—if also somewhat of a fool, and his absurdities were not the less manifest because they were made natural. It was not only a very pleasant but a very sensible performance, sustained throughout by singing that was just as meritorious, Miss Tlairlwall was rather over weighted with the character of Lady Allcash, for which she wants sufficient force—a deficiency which also marked the Briga dier of Mr. C. Lyall—a personage which we fancy would have been better entrusted to Mr. St. Albyn. Mr. Lyall, however, has the advantage of a fresh and pleasing voice, which with c :re and practice may be ripened into good service to the theatre. On the other hand, the two Brigands were as good as could be desired—more especially the Beppo of the pleasant and facile Mr. Corsi---whose sketch of the budding genius of a Calabrian rascality was as natural and laughable as could possible be seen. The true feature of the night, of course, was Mr. Harrison's Fra Diavolo—a character which it will be admitted is now entirely become his own. The happy genius of Eugene Scribe, which in its strong sense of reality has enlivened the modern drama with the proper brigand of our day—the robber of refinement—who can enter society an d adopt its forms, in order to defeat its s a f e .- 2, s and makingis. wom an rat h er t h an man t h e vic timaru— of his new strategy, courtier can add the can the manners of a the sagacity of a priest, dI iamonds --hwahsilstsuphi p I liedlla Mr. Harrison is peculiarly s soul a pi d scr a oe p tnb t e e een d encipt t t it o oounp e wo x i low p r ashhhni which y intov7 h which h u n h i e o n h a o s f disciplinedease p h l y e a a ... The comic sympath true artistic study, sentry, that as just as plastic as it is balanced—en dews him with the capacity of drawing the exact line that is required between th e earnestness and artifice which is so esse n ti a l to i thiseenare y idea.su p In noth i ng more distin c ti ve l y d oes he show his s c t l a a g itn e. s to ll b is e s e in e o ns in id g e , re w d e ntleleedlynroitcnnnaa n of our add, ported his cap. . tti acting. His serenade especially winning a very warm encore. Of the band and chorus it is scarcely possible to say a word too much—the overture as may be supposed being very heartily redemanded. Mr. Charles Mathews is about to make a tour for the purpose of giving his " At Home , " in the p rovinces. lie will be accompanied by Mr. J. L. Hatton. The com bination of two such artistes will u nquestionably afford a n '" t auttuainn• entertainment, which wii! prove ever y where i m m r . " l Y attractive. During the tour M r. Charles '"vEs will return to the stage and play a round of his most e d celebrat . characters e some of the principal prov in- CNA y 4 A t m ,. . TEE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTO3ER 1, 1862. LATEST NEWS. BERLIN, SEPT. 29 (Evening). In this evening's sitting of the Committee on the Budget which was attended by Counts von Bismark Sehonhausen and Von Roon, the following resolu- tions were agreed to:— " 1. To request the Government speedily to sub mit to the House the Budget for 1863, to be dis cussed in accordance with the Constitution, in order that its settlement may be decided before the conclusion of the year. " That it is unconstitutional that Government should authorise an outlay which has been dis allowed by the Chamber." The first resolution was adopted with only four dissentients, and the second with the exception of a single vote. __ _ Count Bismark-Schonhansen disputed that a pre vious settlement of the Budget was constitutionally requisite. The contest was as to the line of de marcation between the power of the Crown and the power of Parliament. He dwelt repeatedly upon the sincere desire of the Government to come to an understanding. Count Von Roon expressed the same desire as his colleague, but declared that it would be im possible to introduce the bill for military reor ganisationNew Budget before the co nc l u • desired by the Chamb er . sion of t the e and ye a r, the as GENOA, SEPT, 30. The Genoese journals of to-day publish accounts of the fetes in this city, and of the enthusiastic re ception which the city afforded to the Royal cortege. The Queen of Portugal, accompanied by Prince Humbert, embarked in the Bartholomeo Diaz, which will convey her Majesty and the Prince direct to Lisbon. Prince Napoleon and the Princess Clotilde em barked in the Prince Jerome, for Marseilles. TURIN, SEPT. 30. Intelligence received here from Fort Varignano states that Professor Partridge's apparatus had been applied to Garibaldi's foot. The suppuration has diminished. SOUTHAMPTON, OcT. 1. The steamship Tartar, from Lisbon on the 27th ult., has arrived here. She brings 12 passengers, £854 in specie, and 3,224 packages of cargo. The steamer Rebecca, from London, sailed from Lisbon for Malaga on the 23d ult. ITALY. A Turin letter of the 27th ult. in the Debats, seem to anticipate that an amnesty will be granted, as has since been reported on something like au thority. It says : " According to information which I have reason to believe correct, an amnesty for all political offences is decided on. As there is still some op position on the part of one or two of the ministers, I cannot give this news as an absolute certainty. For a long time the amnesty has been adopted in principle; the only uncertainty was as to the period, the King and M. Ratazzi being for its immediate promulgation. An the next Council of Ministers a definite resolution will be come to." FRANCE. The Paris papers of last evening publish the fol [owing telegram : " RAGUSA, SEPT. 30. " Luka Vucalovich is travelling through the Herzegovina and assembling the peasants, to whom he declares that he made submission in order to obtain an armistice. " He also states his intention of devoting his emoluments to the families of those who have fallen, adding that he will content himself with bread." Under the head of "Lat Est Intelligence"La Presse publishes the following : " Our Ambassador at Rome, M. le Marquis de Lavalette, is expected to-night at Paris. It is said that he will not proceed to Biarritz to see the Emperor. BOURSE, Sept. 30.—The market opened with a decline on the last quotations of yesterday, but soon afterwards rallied—Threes, for the Account, being now firm at 70fr, 25c. Railway Shares are pretty firm. The market closed as follows :- 41 per Cents. 97 95 Bank Shares ..,...3200 Do. end month 98 Credit Poncier 3 per Cents Do. end month 7O 20 Italian Loan 7l 65 New 3 per Cents .. Roman Do. end month.... Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 1095 Spaniel' Threes - Do. end nz0nth....1097 50 Rome Debt RA IL-WAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans lO7O 1070 Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1173 75 .. 1173 75 Geneva.. Southern Western Eastern Sardinian .. 371 25 .. 398 75 AUstrian Lorphard North of Spain Saragossa 615 .. 615 Ditto to Barcelona 342 50 .. 342 50 AUSTRIA. The Vienna Gazette says :—" The following ap pears to be the scat() of reduction adopted in the army under the command of General Benedek. In the regiments of infantry the two first battalions will be reduced by twenty men per company, while the effective strength of the third battalions, which are employed in the service of the fortresses, will be fixed at sixty men per company. The number of officers will remain as before, so that in case of need it will be only necessary to call in the men on fur lough to complete the regiment. The number of the horses of the cavalry, which has already been dimi nished, will undergo a further reduction, but to what extent has not been yet decided on. All the horses attached to the field artillery, which are not indispensable for the macceuvres, will be taken oftroops in f s o p o e t eia gn special arms will be placed complete l y andallie on a peace tl VARIE7IES. (From Fun.) AGRICULTURAL INTELLIGENCE.—Considering that they must always have their field in their heads, it is no great wonder that farmers' brains should be a little muddy at times; but we were hardly prepared for a letter we have received from Mr. Turmuts, of Crass Farm, Wilts. He objects to the erection of telegraphs, because he says they are likely to breed wire• worms. THE WORST WEATHER ON RECORD.—The rain of terror. THE SOLUTION OF THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY.-IVho can doubt the ultimate success of those who are fighting for "unity" in America? They have only to go on as at pre sent, and, in due time, they'll come to the last man. Tran quillity will then, possibly, reign in the Unit-ed States. MOST FULLY ACCOUNTED roat.--The Emperor Napo leon's true— or rather false--character is fully accounted for in the following manner : being the " Man of December," he is necessarily, in other words, a Decembler —a dissembler !—[The writer of this in safe custody.] A NEW DEFINITION.—Locomotion.—A "misunder standing" amongst the inhabitants of Seen Dials, which is generally, by the way, a very low commotion indeed. THE NEW AMERICAN DRlNK.—Lincoln's draft. (N.B. Very cooling.] A QUESTION FOR BARON BRA3IWELL.—IS "striking a bargain" an assault." “ LES MBERABLES."—The prohibition which has interdicted the representation of the drama of M. Charles, Rugo's Les Miserables,” will not prevent its being played with something of grandeur outside of France. The piece, it is said, will be represented in Brussels in the French language, in London in English, in Vienna and Berlin in German, at Milan and Naples in Italian. It will also be represented in Stockholm and Copenhagen. It is thought that a portion of the French Press will attend eNci4lly gt t 49 reprekwatatio 4 pOn 4rap.l4 13r14§141%3> THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR. The advices by the West India mail give an ex , planation of the extraordinary statement brought by the preceding mail from Panama, of the Presi dent of the Republic of Ecuador hating commenced hostilities against Arboleda, the chief of the party remaining opposed to General Mocquera in New Granada. The facts of the case appear to have been as follow :—Some of the troops opposed to Arbo l edo bad fled across the frontier into the terri tory of Ecuador, whither they were pursued by Arboleda's troops. The President of Ecuador, feel ing this to be an oatrage on the neutrality of the Republic, went, in some haste, with such troops as he had at hand, to repel the aggression. The force of Arboleda was so mach superior that the Presi dent was taken prisoner. The affair appears to have been immediately arranged without the loss of a life, and a treaty of peace concluded between the contending parties was signed on the Bth of August at Tulcan. This treaty consists of seven articles, by which each State agrees to respect the territory of the other, and conditions are prescribed for regulating the introduction of merchandise across the boundary. There is not a word in it about the Republic of Ecuador supplying men or arms, or anything else, to Arboleda. ORE DRESSING MACHINERY. With a view to show the efficiency of the ore machinery invented by Mr. John Hunt, and which has been for some time in practical use at his works at Porthleven, it was arranged that a trial of the small machine exhibited should be made which took place last Friday afternoon, in the southern open court of the eastern annexe of the Interna tional Exhibition, and a large number, consequently, met to witness the results. Mr. Hun' had an abundant supply of crushed ore to operate upon, and we have no hesitation in saying that the separation was very rapid and complete. The machine has been testified by such eminent authorities as Capts. Nicholas Vivian and Charles Thomas to be the best that has been introduced into Cornwall, and they long since recommended its general adoption, yet such has been the apathy of the Cornish miners that the advantages to be secured from its use have been availed of in compara tively few mines. BANK RETURNS. The Bankers' Magazine furnishes the returns of the cir culation of the Private and Joint-Stock Banks in England and Wales for the four weeks ending Aug. 23. These returns, combined with the circulation of the Scotch and Irish Banks for the same period, and the average circula tion of the Bank of England for the four weeks ending the 20th August (the nearest date furnished by their returns), will give the following results of the circulation of notes in the United Kingdom, when compared with the previous month : July 20, Aug. 23, 1862. I 1862. Increase. Decrease. Bank of England 21,995,740 22,2 ?Q,380 232,640 Private Banks 3,133,0931 3,04 0 ,455 9V 3 8 Joint-stock Banks 2,815,908, 2,743,7.2) 72,190 Total in England 27,945,611! 28,012,547/ 06,906; Scotland 4, 20,ii40 3,946,391) 74,240 Ireland 5,101,370' 502 -,697‘ 162,673 , 57,157,651 36,987,6381 United Kingdom 170,013 And, as compared with the month ending the 24th August, 1861, the above returns show an increase of £2,142,658 in the circulation of notes in England, and an increase of £1,544,513 in the circulation of the United Kingdom : On comparing the above with the fixed issues of the seve-, ral banks the following is the state of the circulation : The English private banks aro below their fixed issue The English joint-stock banks are below their fixed issue. £553,645 Total below fixed issue in England.... £1,847,501 The Scotch banks are above their fixed issue .. £1,197,123 The Irish banks are below their fixed issue .... £1,325,797 The average stock of bullion held by the Bank of Eng land in both departments during the month ending the 20th August was £17,96-1,708, being an increase of £712,504 as compared with the previous month, and an increase of £5,455,185 when compared with the same period last year. The following are the amounts of specie held by the Scotch and Irish banks dining the month ending the 23d Aug. : Gold and silver held by the Scotch banks £2,300,650 Gold and silver held by the Irish banks 2,058,573 £4,359,573 Being a decrease of £76,854 as compared with the previous return, and a decrease of £237,466 when compared with the corresponding period of last year. SHIPPING---THIS DAY. LONDON, Oct. 1.-Wind this day at noon—North- Westerly; fresh breeze, and fine ; weather much cooler and more seasonable. COWES, Sept, 30.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Caroline, from Rangoon. PENZANCE, Sept. 30.—Arrived—Magalen, from Havan nah for Hamburg. SALCOMBE, Sept. 30,—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Sarah Jane, from Rio Grande. BRIDGEWATER, Sept. 30.—Wind S.—Arrived—Robert Ingham, from Quebec. CARDIFF, Sept. 30.—Wind S.—Arrived—Alexandrine, from St. John's. FAL3IOUTH, Oct. I.—Wind W.—Arrived—Dora, from Rio Janeiro; Philanthropist, from Smyrna; Enterprise, from Santa Anna for Bristol; Marie Joseph, and Recom pense, from Taganrog. „, (EY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH •) SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday Morning. Arrived—Atalanta, steamer, from Jersey; Isabella Croll, steamer, from Cardiff. (BY MAGNETIC TELEGRAM) GRAVESEND, Wednesday Morning„ Arrived—John Souchay, from Barbados; Arabella, from Hawkes Bay; Two Friends, from Guernsey; Philip pine, from Quayaquil ; Strata Florida, from Cochin ; John Harley, from Demarara , Morganstand, from Tonsberg ; De Sex Sulkende, from Rander ; Salvador Packet, from Singa po• e; Dispatch, from Guernsey; Polymede, from Gengenti ; Volunteer, from Guernsey; Zodie, from Calrogapatam ; Dordrecht, from Dordrecht; Coeur de Leon, from Colombo ; Owen Glendower, from Bombay ; Louisa, from Havannah. DEAL, Wednesday Morning. Passed—Flora, from Flekelgorg, for Cadiz; Hebe, from Trieste ; Witch, from Algoa Bay ; Anniversary, from Cey lon; Ramilies, fiom Bombay; Dunsandie, from Lille cherry; Sarah Fox, schooner, Corea, barque, and Jane With, schooner, from the westward ; Tritonia, barque, front Taganrog; Lamoriciere, ship, from Callao; Brandy, schooner, from Lisbon ; Margaret, schooner, from Mar seilles ; James Peak, schooner, front Prince Edward's Island ; Rifleman, from Sydney—all for London; Kedgree, from Calcutta, for Hamburg; Nautilus, from London, for St. Kitt's, DEATH FROM GIN-DRINKING.---SHOCKING CASE. —Yesterday Dr. Lankester, the Central Middlesex coroner, held an inquest at the Qa3en's Head Tavern, St. John street, Smithfield, on the body of Harriet Le guire, the wife of a labourer, aged 52, residing in N ew-court, Cow Cross street. The evidence elicited went to show that on Satnr day evening last, at five o'clock, the deceased, while walk ing along New-court, was seen to stagger as if suddenly seized with a tit, and immediately fell dead. A medical man was fetched, but was unable to render any assistance, Mr. T. Clark, assistant to Dr. Gibson, of Holborn, deposed that he performed a post mortent examination, and dis covered the cause of death to be from fatty degeneration of the heart, and terrible disease of the liver and kidneys. He said, in answer to questions from tho coroner, that he had no doubt the disease which caused her sudden death was from gin-drinking. Three of the jury complained that it was a most uncommonly shocking case, inasmuch as the body of the deceased was in such a horribly decomposed state as to be of the most sickening description, and that the husband lived, ate, and slept in the same room. The coroner suggested that in all oases such serious decom position might be prey nted by placing a layer of animal charcoal near it, and remarked that fatty degeneration of the heart, as in this instance, was of fearfully frequent occurrence from excessive gin-drinking. Verdict in ac cordance with medical testimony. HIGHWAY ROBBERY. —A COURAGEOUS YOUNG LADY.—A desperate outrage was perpetrated on Sunday night in Plymouth. About seven o'clock a young lady named Lucas, who belongs to one of the largo establish ments in Bedford-street, was returning home. While pro ceeding along the road leading from the Roman Catholic Cathedral to the Church of St. Peter, she was stopped by some ruffian and robbed. The fellow, when he approached, demanded her money, and threatened that, if she screamed o r attempted to make the least noise' ha ould lay her at his feet, at the same time showi ng her a stick with a large knob at the end of it. The young person was of course greatly alarmed, as the night was very dark ' and the road exceedingly lone, and s h e was afraid that her assailant would really fulfil his threat, particularly as ho at first at tempted to place something over her mouth. She, there fore, gave him all the mo ney which she had in her posses sion, viz., 50. The fellow then said, "You have a watch, and I will have th a t." Mi ss Lucas rep li e d, " Only with my life," to which the highwayman answered, " Well, then, I will h ave i t with your lite," an d again threatened her with violence if she resisted his demand. The young lady recollected that she had a ginger-beer bottle in her pocket, and making a feint, as if she w as going to disen gage he r wa t c h , s h e too k t h e bottle from her pocket with her left hand, passed it behind her into her . her right hand, an d then with a gnick movement succeeded dealing the cowardly fellow a blow on th e forehead. She fancies that at the s ame moment he must have heard foota'.eps approach ing; at all events he gave a groan and let go his held. She promptly took advantage of his confusion and ran off as fast a s poss ibl e . Upon reaching home she foand a stain of blood upon her hand, which proved that the blow she struck must have inflicted a wound, and it is hoped that this will Ftfitly lead to the THE MISSING AFRICAN MAIL S7EAM- SHIP CLEOPATRA. LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY. Considerable uneasiness is beginning to be felt at the nonarrival here of the Royal Mail steamship Cleopatra, from the West Coast of Africa, which is now overdue three weeks. The ship Majestic, be longing to Messrs. Charles Horsfall and Sons, ar rived in the I'vlersey this forenoon from Bonny, with dates to the 28th of July, eleven days later than the news brought by the steam ship Athenian; but she brings no intelligence of importance. Trade was dull. The Majestic reports that up to the time of her leaving Bonny the African Royal Mail steamship Cleopatra had not made her appearance at that port. Now, as we had information by the last mail steamer (the Athenian) of her arrival hence at Sierra Leone on the 12th of July, and sailing for the lee ward coast on the following day, it is conjectured that, if nothing more serious has happened to her, a breakage in her machinery must have occurred between the ports of Sierra Leone and Bonny, as they are only two days' steaming apart, whereas the Cleopatra was then out 15 days from the time she left Sierra Leone. If such be the case, the Cleopatra would endeavour in all probability to get into the track of the next homeward bound steamer (the Macgregor Laird), due here on the 10th of October, and until she arrives we are not likely to receive any more definite intelligence regarding the missing steamer. 711 E MIDDLE LEVEL-TRIAL OF THE SYPHONS. LYNN, TUESDAY, NOON. Yesterday afternoon the six syphons completed were tested in the presence of a great number of most influential persons. The trial (in which a con siderable amount of interest was manifested) took place under the superintendence of Mr Ha wkshaw, C.E., Mr. Linn, C.E., resident engineer, Mr. Ap pold, C.E., and other eminent engineers, and must be regarded as in every way successful. The syphons consist of large tubes, 140 ft. long, with a three feet six•inch bore, and each weigh 45 tons; the whole 16, which it is intended to fix, weighing about 700 tons, The centre of these pipes, which are m , de of cast iron, rest in an horizontal position on the dam, and descend to the bottom of the cut about equal lengths on each side, at the bottom of which are platforms of concrete faced with planking. At about two o'clock yesterday afternoon, at a signal from I. T. Leather, Esq., the eminent con tractor, a number of sturdy navvies set to work and lifted up the panels or sluice doors on the upper side, and immediately the water rushed in and soon filled the reservoir, rising several feet above the mouths of the six syphons already completed. The air-pump, which has been fixed up by Mr. Appoid, the centrifugal pump maker, was then set at work, and in a few minutes it was evident the air was be ing exhausted, for the valves on the upper side of the dam were forced open, the atmospheric pressure being removed, and the water coursed its way up ascending pipe and down on the other side, when it forced the doors open, making a free course for itself to the sea. The result of the trial gave the most entire satisfaction to the engineers and the authorities who were present. The syphons having once been set at work continued to discharge nearly 22,000 gallons per minute until nearly six o'clock, having by that time poured between 6,000,000 and 7,000,000 gallons of water off. The air was again admitted, and the water stopped with the greatest ease. They are again at work to-day, and will continue to do so till the rest are completed. Crowds of visitors are flocking down to-day, and it is expected that many thousands will be, here dur ing the present week. FRIENDLY SOCIETIES. Mr. Tidd Pratt's report on friendly societies has again this year to give an account of many failures. Sixty. five societies have been dissolved in the course of the year. The causes of such societies not being able to meet the claims of the members are to be found in incorrect tables for the contributions, small number of members, insecure investment of funds, and unnecessary expenses of management, which actually, in some instances, take 10s. out of every £1 subscribed. Most of these societies still hold their meetings at publichouses, with the landlords for treasurers; and the members are required by the rules of the most of the old societies to spend a monthly sum in beer " for the good of the house," which amount' is generally taken from the box, whether the members have or have not paid their contributions, and in many instances the money is not repaid to the society. In the correspond ence of the year it is stated in a letter to the registrar respecting the affairs of a society, that it hai . spent £1,300 of the funds " for this good of the house." There is generally a strong party in favour of it. One letter states that a female friendly society will be obliged to break up unless they are allowed to have an annual feast and music; and an objector who is contending with the managers against any such applica tion of the trust funds writes :—" I can do nothing with them unless you assist me by sending a very saucy letter to the stewards." Sometimes the law is evaded by paying an extravagant rent for the room, the excess being really allowed in beer. In the very curious correspondence of the year, a clergyman writes to object to the applica tion to old members of a new rule proposed for a female club to the effect that any member having a child within such a time after marriage as implies immorality shall be expelled ; his reason being not merely the inquisitorial character of the investiga tion in a society whose direction is chiefly in the hands of some old maids, but also that "by far the gr eater number of women are pr e g nant in this p art of the country before they are married." The regis trar considers it proved by 35 years' experience that some further provisions are necessary to secure to working men that they shall not be required to subscribe to these societies more than is necessary, and that they shall be certain of obtaining the bene fits paid for. Returns which he has obtained from only 128 unions show that 1,150 inmates in their workhouses who have been members of friendly societies which have been broken up or dis solved. He invites suggestions in reference to the bill laid before the House of Lords last session by the Earl of Shelburne, proposing that a parish may adopt a friendly society, suoscribe to its funds, and guarantee, with the securigy of the poor -rates, the benefits it promises ; the parish to have the power at any time to close the society against any more new members. It is for the interest of the parish that the working man should have some provision for sickness and old age. In regard to the distress in the manufacturing counties, the registrar has suggested that a rule m ay be agreed to by societies, enabling a special meeting to suspend payment of the contributions for a certain time, and, if neces sary, to suspend the payment of benefits also. He has to record that, by the Act of last session, indus trial and provident societies have th limited liability. It is worth notice that asked last year to certify rules imposing a penalty on every member of a society who shall work for an y roaster while a dispute is being held between the master and his men, or who shall engage to work for an employer under the price his men are getting, THE LONDON, CHATHAM, AND DOVER RAlL WAY.—Yesterday Messrs, Pullen, Home, and Co., pro ceeded with a further sale of nearly 20 houses, by order of the directors of the above railway, which will be removed for the construction of the line, which, by this sale, will be in close proximity with the terminus adjoining the intended bridge. The premises disposed of, one of which is a Bap tist chapel, are situated in Church-street, Holland-street, Blackfriars-road, &c. THE SITE OF ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL.--It has been determined upon the entire removal of the structure, the late St. Thomas's Hospital, to erect upon the site of i', in addition to the terminus of the London, Chatham, and Dover line, which will occupy a portion of the ground, a number of shops, warehouses, &c. It is s t ate d t h at t h e area comprises four acres, with frontages to Wellington steet, St. Thomas-street, and James -street, and also to the South-Eastern and London and Brighton Railway stations. It i.. not intended to take down the north wing, which has a frontage to Wellington -street, and which is in excellent condition, the object being to dispose of this fcr warc-lamer GENITAL PEEL ON ARMY AND NAVY EXPENDIIURE. At the annual dinner of the Huntingdonshire Agricultural Society, yesterday, Gen. PEEL, after some other remarks, said—We are asked where is the army ? I might answer that question by ask ing, where it is not ? It is spread over the whole world, and that not for any purpose of aggression, bnt merely to de'encl the empire upon which it is said the sun never sets, and over which I am afraid some portion of our visitors during their stay here believe that it never rises. (Laughter and cheers.) But although our troops are employed mainly for purposes of defence, they have more foreign duties to perform than any army in the world. They are subject to greater vicissitudes of climate, anti more of those changes which a soldier is subject to than the men in any other army ; and it is the manner in which they, as well as the navy, perform their duties which secures to them the praise and appro bation of their fellow subjects. (Cheers.) I now approach that part of the subject in which we are perhaps more deeply interested, and that is the ex pense of the army. It is perfectly true, denied by nobody, acknowledged by everybody, that our naval and military expenditure, considering that this is a time of peace, has arrived at an enormous amount. 13 ut the necessity for that has arisen from its having been indispensable that we should adapt our arma ments to those changes which science is introducing in everything connected with the systems of attack and defence. At this moment we have two great departments in the State, the Admiralty on the one hand, and the War-office on the other, the duty of each of which is to endeavour to destroy the work of the other. It is the duty of the Admiralty to endeavour to construct vessels with armour plating which can resist the effect of any missiles that can be thrown against it. It is the duty of the War-. office to produce a gun that can at once destroy the best vessels hat can be produced by the Admiralty. This is all very expensive ; but it is a very ncessary and a very useful rivalry., (Hear, hear.) I for one have lived long enough to know that the worst pos sible deception is deception of ourselves. There is nothing so fatal as to believe that you have either the best ship or the best gun until you have proved it to be so. In the moment of trial you may find your ship riddled like a sieve, or that your a gun may be silenced by a superior one. Depend upon it, whatever may be the cost, England must have the best gun and the best ship that science can produce. (Cheers.) And I have no doubt, looking at the talent directed to the attainment of those objects, that we shall be successful. (Cheers.) I believe that, at the present time, you have the best ship afloat and the best gun extant; but there is no knowing that there may not be something superior. Now, if we have been too precipitate, adopting to too great an extent inventions which at the time may not appear, but prove to be the best, without waiting to see whether something better may not be produced—if we have been too precipi tate in that respect, it is not the fault of any go vernment or of the head of any department. It is your fault—l don't say it is a fault—it is, at all events, you who, though your representatives in parliament, and through the public press, have always been calling out for more iron ships and more rifled guns. (Hear, hear.) It is exceedingly difficult to draw a correct line between too much caution on the one part and too sanguine a view as to the merits of any invention on the other. In the first instance, if you are too cautious you will always be waiting and will never do anything. You will always be waiting for something better. (Hear.) You can understand this, for you have seen a steam plough to-day of great merit, but probably you will hang back and wait until something bet ter is produced. With respect to a great de partment of the state, if you are too sanguine, if you supply yourselves to too great on extent with some invention, probably another may be brought forward immediately afterwards which may show that what you have previously done is comparatively useless. It is to ascertain which is best that the experiments are going on of which you are daily reading accounts in newspapers. I have no doubt in my own mind that in, the end the gip will prevail, and will succeed in perforat ing any iron plating and any ship that can be put afloat, and that the merit of that gun will be, the greatest merit which can produce the most power ful effect at the longest distance. (Hear, hear.) If you were to send out to-morrow the best fleet you could have produced three years ago, armed with the smooth-bore gun to meet a smaller force armed with guns of the present day, you might as well send out so many boys to catch birds by put ing scat on their tails—(laughter)--with the dif ference that the birds would take care you should not come near them, and would take all the salt of you. (Cheers and laughter.) What I have now said applies to the material, the toast applies to the men. In them, thank heaven, there can be no change, and lam sure we want none. They will serve any guns they may be placed at, and do their duty on board any ships that the Admiralty may place afloat. (Hear, hear.) Seeing no naval officer present, I beg to return thanks both for the army and navy. THE LAST ARCTIC EXPEDITION. The Newfoundland papers furnish some informa tion respecting Mr. Hall's Arctic expedition, sup plied by him on his arrival at Sr. John's, being unable to further prosecute his mission in conse quence of the less of some of his craft. It appears that he has secured a large quantity of: relics of Frobisher's expedition gathered at various points of his debarcation, Among them are piece% of coal, brick, and wood, and a portion of an iron: cannon-ball, probably used as ballast. The coal'• has been overgrown with moss and a dark vege table growth; the brick looks quite as bright as when it was turned out of " one talk ship of her Majesties, named the Aude, of nine score tunnes or thereabouts"—the vessel in which Frobisher de parted on his second voyage, "after having kissed her Majesties hand, arid been dismissed with, gracious countenance and comfortable words." The pisces of wood are merely oak chips which have been well preserved, having been imbeded in coal dust for nearly 300 years. The piece of iron ballast is much decomposed and masted. Mr. Hall found upon one of the islands a trench 20 feet deep and 100 feet long, leading to the water, in which a party of Frobisher's men who had been captured by the Esquimaux, with the assistance of their captors had built a small vessel, intending therein to set sail for England. After putting to sea they experienced. such severe weather that they were obliged to re turn, all of them being frost bitten. They lived• many years among the Esquimaux, who treated them very kindly, and all of them eventually died there. These facts are related by the Esqui maux as a matter of tradition. Mr. Hall learned that a few years since a party of Innuits had sq., , en two Cedfuna (white men's) boats, and found on one of the Lower Savage Islands (which commence near the mainland on the north side of Hudson's Straits) what they termed "soft stones." One of the Innuita who had become possessed of a gun and ammuni tion from the Hudson's Bay Company, recognised them as bullets. Sir John Franklin, not know ing ho air long ho might be detained in the Arctic seas, carried out a large quantity of ammuni tion,and Mr. Hall has not a particle of doubt that the crews of theme two boats, in their endea your to get down through Hudson's Straits and on to Labrador, had thrown out these bullets so that their progress might not be impeded. Mr. Hall has with him an Esquimaux family, consisting of father, mother, and son ; the father and mother were taken to England some years ago, and pre sented to her Majesty. He bas many interesting memorials of the social life of the Innuits, little articles very neatly cut from bone or ivory, repre senting the polar bear, seals, walrus, and ducks , &c. These show a great deal of patient peraeyer ance with the rude tools with which they must 110 ° been worked. Mr. Hail says life in these high latitudes is not so difficult of preservation es 1° generallybeing suPPosed—the snow an d i ce h ouse s of tll e I execdieg!y tight and comforts. , and their coarse animal food rendered palatable 11 the sharpness of apetite engendered by the ly= cll atmosphere of au extreme n9rtiluti Gazette, ,Sept. 12.