The Sun. — London, England, 1859-10-31 00:00:00

-.------- BENSON'S 'WATCHES. "Perfection of meelfanlsm.".-11-craing Post. Gold Watches 4 to 100 gulneas. Silver Watches 33 and 31, Ludgate-hill, London, E. C. Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet en Watches. EN GLISH OPERA, COVENT-GA RDEN. _ ROYAL Under the manacrement of Miss L. Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison THIS EVENING,Messrs. Sautley, Corrt, St. Albyn, and W. Harrison. Misses Pilling, wall, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Conductor, Alfred Mellon. DEVERTISSEM ENT. Mdlles. ',equine, Pasquale, Pier ron, and Mons. Vanthis. Commence at 8 o'clock. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnckstone. TiTTR ETENING the performances will commence win THE ROAD TO RUIN. Mr. C. Mathews. And PAUL PRY. Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews. Commence at 7. RpYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee, Mr. A. Harris. 'MIS EVENING, the performances will commence with HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. G. Melville; Ghost, Mr. Ryder ; Ophelia, Miss Carlotta Leclereq. After which, PUSS ; or, Metempysychosis. Miis NFtiV THEATRE - ROYAL, AD ELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE WILLOW COPSE. Luke, Mr. Ben. Webster; Hulks, Mr. D. Wisher; Augustus, Mr. J. L. Toole ; Staggers, Mr. Paul Bedford. After which, the new farce, entitled A ROW ON i'TIE PREMISES. Mr. David Fisher, P. Bedford, C. Selby, Miss H. Simms, K. Kelly, Mrs. Billington. Followed by LOVE AND HUNGER. Mr. David Fisher, Mr. Paul Bedford, C. Selby, C. J. Smith, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw. Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box- OfEce open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats, nor ter bills of performance. All fees to servants of this establishment are strictly prohibited. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. R OYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter ton. The nearest Theatre to Chelsea, Pimlico, and West minster, the Park being open to carriages and foot passen gers all hours of the night. THIS EVENING, Poole's comedy, THEY'RE BOTH TO BLAME. Messrs. Leigh Murray, Barrett, Walter Carle ; Mesdames Frank Matthews, Murray, Catharine Hickson. After which, the new Comedietta, entitled CUPID'S LADDER. Reuben, Miss Lydia Thompson. Followed by MAGIC TOYS, supportA by Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, and a numerous Corps dc Ballet. To conclude with the New and Original Burlesque, by L. Buckingham, Esq., of VIRGINIUS ; or the Trials of a Fond Papa. Reduced Prices—Gallery, col ; Pit, ls. The Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at hall - p ast six; perform ance commences at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough THIS EVENLNG, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN EGGS. After which Trim GREAT RUSSIAN BEAK; or, An other Retreat from Moscow. Followed by TIIE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE LADY OF LYONS. And CAUGHT BY TIIE EARS. Commence at 7 o'clock A STLEY'S ROYAL ANIPIIITHEATRE , Westminster-road. Sole Lessee Mr. William Cooke. Most legitiniate and perfect success of the New Historical Drama, by Tom Taylor, Esq., entitled GAItI BALDI, and illustrating the principal events in the life of that celebrated Italian General, supported by Messro. R. Phillips, Belmore, Ennis, Raymond, Miss Kate Carson, aided by a powerful Dra matic Company, full stud of beautiful trained horses, appro priate and picturesque scenery, with great hippodramatic effects. Enthusiastic reception of the renowned Delavanti Family—Gymnasts par excellence—with Little Menoni, the most wonderful Juvenile Equestrian ever known, who are re ceived each night with deafening plaudits—John Henry Cooke, the unrivalled Parisian Magnet—Artistes of astound ing ability from the Continental Cirques Miss Emily, the most elegant rider of the day—Full troupe of Gymnastic Pro fessors, facetious Clowns, and Pierrots —Magnificent Mena , re Horses and clever Dwarf Ponies —Concluding each night with THE MAN WITH THE CARPET BAG. • Stage Manager, Mr. R. Phillips CANTERBUR sl" HALL CONCERTS.— EVERY EVENING.—The Music of Verdi's Opera of MACBETH (now first made public in England at these Con certs). And a Grand Selection from Meyerbeer's new opera of DINOR Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George 'Hodson (the Trish Come dian and Mimic), W. T. Critehfield, and E. W. Mackney. Several interesting* Pictures are added to the Fine Arts Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant eights of the metropolis. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, OCTOBER 30. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADS. 52—highest since noon yesterday. 30 —lowest this morning and during the night. 47—this day at noon. BA ROMETErt-29.42. WIND, Southerly ; light, with rainy dull weather—fine in the morning It rained all the evening, with a fresh gale. OCT. 31. TIITHIMOMETF.H., IN THE SHADE. 4S—highest since noon yesterday. 45—Towest this morning and during the night. 49—this day at noon. BARONIETER--29.36. WIND, South-Easterly ; light, with fine cool weather, HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tilts DAY.—Morning, 4h. 49m.—Afternoon, 3h. 10m. To-Moßßow-Mornin.7, .sh. 31m.—Afternoon, sh. 53m. i•eit , • 4 ! , t - our Iv% THE SUN. MONDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1859. Lord DERBY at home is the topic of the day. At home he was, locally, on Saturday, for he was speaking where, as he observed, they had known him from childhood—at home politically, for he was surrounded by his old cabinet, and his old Conser vative friends. He was, it may be said indeed, the guest, not only of the 600 present but of the 7,000 who had signed the memorial, to present and ac knowledge which was the formal object of the ban quet. That was, however, comparatively, of course, but a formal part. The feast of reason and the flow of soul, with Englishmen, is always the after dinner work, and we have little reason indeed to complain of any want of the latter ; nor, were we likely to have, when the naturally ardent leader of the Con servative party was the hero of the occasion. Lord DERBY felt that he was speaking—he told their hosts—to the commercial metropolis of the king dom, and where his private life was known to all before a body of colleagues with whom he had never had " a subject of difference or of controversy "—a sly hit, we may suppose, at the Palmerston-Russell-Gibson Cabinet; they met to declare their adherence " not to Conservatism, falsely so called, which would obstruct all useful changes, but to true Conservatism—the best pro inoter of safe and gradual social improvements ; they met when they had just achieved a great county victory, and he exhorted them to achieve as complete a borough victory ; lie had taken the leadership of the great Conservative party by the advice of the Great DUKE himself fourteen years . ago, and he had been rewarded by seeing the steady growth of his party. But past politics are like spent money—they can do us no good now—the future then. Lord DERBY tells his friends that their time is not yet come; theyhave,even the other party says, an actual majority in the house —which we thoroughly be lieve if Conservative leanings, and not the necessi ties of office-grasping Liberalism, determined the votes of the old Whigs ; he will not the third time place his party in power by a casual succe,s, when he must again be at the mercy of some small party holding the balance between the two great ones. . The difficulties of the present Government abroad— Italy—Morocco—China—San Juan—were as great as those with which he had taken office ; he hoped , they would be steady to their purpose not to en tangle themselves with the negotiations of the proposed Congress—advice which would have been given with even greater emphasis could he have seen the letter of the Emperor of FRANCE to the King of SARDINIA ; the late Government had, however, strengthened Malta and Gibraltar, and the national defences generally, and the present one would not be expose d to an y factious combina tion which would seek to eject them from office without regard to the interests of the country. His Lordship, of course, must notice Parliamen tary Reform. ile did not wish now to go into particulars. He heartily wished that the present Government might bring in a bill which the great body of the Conservatives could accept—it was de- tirable to settle speedily and finally a question not raised by the country, but by Cabinets and Parlia ment. The late Parliament had rejected their plan of an equal franchise for boroughs and counties — some extension of the borough franchise must, therefore, be introduced—but the revelations at Gloucester and Wakefield, and the conduct of Trades' Unions, should make any Government ex tremely careful in regard to what they proposed. " GOD grant that they may have wisdom and pru dence enough to introduce such a measure as may pass with the approbation of a united Parliament." His Lordship concluded with denying unworthy complicity with Roman Catholics, but ex pressing his belief that they were, as was natural, becoming more Conservative. Mr. DISRAELI followed with some telling re marks both for home and abroad. He, too, proba- bly, glanced at the position of the two great Whig lords in the present Cabinet, when he remarked that he and Lord DERBY " had laboured together in terms of confidence and trust which, probably, were never excelled before between two public men." But his description of the Whigs was one they richly deserved :—" It has been our wish—he said—to put an end to that which I may describe as ' the monopoly of Liberalism,' which in our opinion has exercised a very perni cious influence on the course of public pro ceedings and on the character of public men. For more than a quarter of a century, by this theory of a monopoly:of Liberalism, half the public men in England have been held up as individuals incapable and unqualified to attempt any measures which might improve the institutions or adminis tration of the country; while, on the other hand, the other half were, in order to sustain this mono poly, perpetually pledging themselves to changes and alterations injudicious in almost every case, and in many utterly impracticable, and when they were in power they expended all their resources in inventing evasions by which they might extricate themselves from the fulfilment of their previous promises. Now, I believe, and all my colleagues believe, that that state of affairs was a principal cause of that insincerity in public life which of late years has so frequently been attributed to the conduct of public men ; but I be lieve that that ;.s now completely terminated." The latter part of this picture, at least, every thorough Liberal will but too quickly recognise ; it is a photograph of nearly every Whig administra tion since the Reform Bill. After some declamation on his favourite theme — the necessity and the advantage of party, Mr. Dts- RAELI closed with remarks intended to be heard, or read in another country—and they ale worthy of him and of England. The extract is rather long, but its national spirit and importance claim for it a permanent place—" There are," he said, " duties more important and, I would say, more solemn. There are moments when a party like the great Conservative party of a powerful and ancient nation like England have not to oppose the Government, but, if necessary, have even to sup port it; and, if they deem the requirements of the moment demand such a course, to give strength to their rivals, and even to support those whose suc cess in their political course might, under ordinary circumstances, be to them a source of disappoint ment and mortification. lam not one of those who scatter ambiguous voices in the marketplace. That has never been my custom. I have ever been the supporter of a peaceful policy. I have ever believed that peace might be maintained with a good understanding with our allies, and that we should look on their conduct not in a suspicious or litigious spirit, but should always give to their con duct and to their proceedings a fair, and even a generous interpretation. But I should, indeed, be blind to the signs of the times—l should, in deed, be insensible to the feelings that are now universally expressed—l should be treating them with a haughty negligence if I did not recog nise what is the anxiety of a great people. I know not whether it be true or not that designs upon the independence of our empire are cherished by any Government or potentates in other countries. I presume not to read State secrets, nor is it for me in the irresponsible position in which I and my colleagues have been placed—it is not for us, I say, to presume to pretend that we can com municate to you any intelligence of which you are not already masters ; but this I will say with re spect to the form of our Constitution, and especially with respect to the House in which I have the honour to sit, that if there be any foreign Government or foreign potentate who, in the supposed distrac tions and political dissensions of our form of Government, believes that he has found elements on which he may calculate for pursuing with suc cess any scheme of aggressive or of violent ambi tion, then I can assure that Government and that ruler that they mistake the character and the genius of the English people and the English Constitution. And if they count on our dissensions, and on the noble rivalries of our public life as the means for the successful prosecution of those designs, they will count on them to their confu sion. They will find, if ever the time should come when the independence of this country or the empire of our Sovereign should indeed be menaced, that the Sovereign of these realms rules over a devoted people and a united Parliament." We have not left ourselves room to notice, as we could wish, the speeches of subordinates, though they were not unimportant. Lord STANLEY, who spoke very briefly, did not despair of India if we did but deal justly with the natives; if we gave them opportunities of entering the public service, treated the native princes with but justice, ab stained from intermeddling with their customs, and if we reduce our military expenditure and opened up the country freely to English capital, he had no fear for the future of India. His lordship's home politics, as well as some other points in regard to the meeting, we must advert to on another occasion. ThQ French EMPEROR, has at length spoken in the anguish of his heart. His address to the King of SARDINIA too plainly expresses the perplexity of his situation with respect to the Italian ques tion. NAPOLEON, like some other men, has made a false move, and now endeavours to right himself by another mo - re, but in the wrong direction. From the first his hasty armistice on the very verge of complete success, and his subsequent de lusive parley at Villafranca, have only engulphed him in greater confusion. His first grand mistake has entailed still greater trouble. He now feels the encumbering weight of his position, and State necessity, if not respect for public opinion, compels him to speak out in the perplexity of his own making. He has clearly outwitted himself in his ambition to deecive others. Ile is " hoist with his own petard "—and dreads the consequences of his fall. In his new plan for the regeneration of Italy he overlooks the complexity of the " situation." Tie admits to having made a bad bargain, but deems it necest'axy to his honour to hold to his word, entirely forgetting that the Italian people have an interest in the matter. But thus it ever conies of despotism. The people go for nothing. Still there may conic a day of reckoning, however slow but sure, when the people will assert their right to be heard, and vindicate humanity in the face of death itself. The EMPEROR may yet find that his present programme will be as inconclusive as the previous was unfortunate. Our republican kinsmen in the United States, instead of " trying it on " in regard to the British North American possessions—according to Lord DERBY'S felicitous definition of the late Yankee seizure of San Juan—would do infinitely better if they looked well to themselves. They would do well if they bore in remembrance that the symboli cal fasces of their own democratic confederation is but bound together by a rope of sand—a bond of union frozen into a precarious state of purely tem- porary cohesion by the mere awe inspired by the civilised energy of a dominant race. It is not merely that there is a latent antagonism there be tween the Slaveholding States and the non-Slave holding States—an antagonism that might any day burst into the devastating conflagration of internecine war at the first momentary provocation to it ; ignited thus by the veriest trifle, moreover, as inevitably and as destructively as when a solitary spark, or a single blow causes the ignition and destruction of a gunpowder mill. It is not simply here, in this " little rift in the lute " of American Liberty, that we may any of us recog nise the portent of its being eventually flawed, if not ultimately and disastrously silenced altogether. The real danger to the United States, the true peril to the Federal Union lies not in any political diffe rence of opinion among the States themselves, but in the profound sense of wrong, of one of those heinous and unnatural wrongs, crying to Heaven for vengeance, a sense rankling deep in the hearts of the whole of the numerically great and formid able helot population ! - - The startling intelligence recently brought to this country from the opposite shores of the Atlantic affords at once to England and to America a vivid reminder of the volcano that is secretly smoulder ing under the apparent strength and tranquillity of the United States Confederation. Although the outbreak has been summarily quelled this time, upon the next occasion the suppression of the revolt may not be so very readily accomplished. As it is, the fire that but just now threatened to spread with fearful rapidity from slave state to slave state has only been quenched by the effusion of blood and trampled out under the bold and vigorous heel of the Executive. Certainly the accounts received on Friday contained no auguries of this prompt and successful grappling with the insurrection. They related only how the negroes had seized the United States' Arsenal, and were sending cartloads of muskets into Maryland and elsewhere—how the express train was stopped—how one employe was shot dead, and the conductor, being threat ened, was forced to hold back. Our advices adding, in a few brief words only ominously expressive of confusion and dismay—" The object of the outbreak is unknown ; the details very confused. All the telegraph wires leading to Harper's Ferry are cut. Later dated despatches say that all the railroad trains are stopped. The insurrectionists number from 500 to 700. Several companies of marines leave Washington this even ing for the scene of conflict." Happily for the white population of the slave states generally the strife has already been brought to a termination almost as abrupt as its commencement. Well for the future of these States, however, will it be if the incident thus glaringly brought to light, thus rapidly begun and ended, be accepted frankly as a timely warning! Upon the black banner of this brief revolt is legibly inscribed, in letters of flame, the one lurid word Careto ! England has the right to echo back that one word Beware—we have purchased the right to do so by the payment of twenty millions sterling ! We have the right to breathe frankly this advice of warning to our own kinsmen, we who have dared, though at the cost of those £20,000,000, to set a resolute example to the whole world upon this very question of Slavery, by the one bold and magnanimous act of Emancipation ! Before the next new Reform Bill can be seriously discussed in the House of Commons, the lamentable position of the elective franchise as it already stands must simply, out of due regard to the na tional honour, be taken into consideration by the Legislature. The disclosures recently made—in creasingly made ever since the last general election —demonstrate the absolute necessity of revising the whole distribution, or rather the whole machinery of organisation established amongst us almost from time immemorial for the employment of the Parlia mentary franchise. It can scarcely be regarded as a matter admitting even of any alternative. It is a question appealing to the common sense of those endowed with only the most ordinary intelligence. The corruption is such in the constituencies that until we can devise some reasonable scheme for sheltering the present mass of the possessors of the franchise from the influence of temptations dis proportioned to their own capabilities of resistance —it were clearly cruel, it might even be criminal, to subject three or four hundred thousand more to the same pernicious influence—wilfully and wantonly to plunge them into the very midst of these bane ful and baleful temptations. It has been from our instinctive sense of the anomalies of the present system, and of the degrading ordeal to which so many of the possessors of the franchise are sub jected upon the occasion of every general election that has always incited us to give precedence, above all other reforms, to that reform which we still regard as the most essential, namely, the arch-Reform sketched out in the succinct catalogue of the People's Charter, the Reform which will give to the electors of the United Kingdom the mills of the Ballot. It is a farce any longer now to talk of the Ballot being un-English. There is manifestly, upon the very face of it, something far more un-English than the Ballot can possibly be, and that is— all this monstrous bribery, all this odious and destestable corruption. We ask merely the same shelter only to the honourable trades men voting at an election, precisely the same shelter and protection to the vote that the "dine gentlemen" at the West-end Clubs disdain not to act under when they black-ball through the fashion able ballot-box the acquaintance whose hand they have just been grasping under the porch. Yield the Ballot, and there cannot--there simply cannot— be any continuance of this parasitical venality and perjury which is fast branding us be fore the world, and bringing discredit and even disgrace upon our representative system. Let us reverse the legend of Pandora by shutting up all these evils in the Ballot-box—there to be transformed into something better - than an empty hope, into the substantial reality of Electoral Purity. Lord BROUGHAM says—Prevent corrup tion by rendering participation in it Felony. Better than this we say—Render corruption impossible by making the elector drop his vote into the ballot box. In other words, it is simply saying that Cure is, all the world over, less of an advantage than— Prevention. The Court is expected to remain at Windsor Castle until the hitter end of November, when her Majesty and the Royal Family will proceed to Osborne, and remain there until the approach of Christmas.—Court Journal, LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been YceQived at Mr. Reuter'a office : PARIS, OCT. 31. The Moniteur of this morning contains the fol lowing notice :—The Correspondant has received a first warning, for an article by the Count de Montalembert, intitled : " The Pope Pius IX and France in 1849 and 1859." The Illoniteur states the reasons of this arertisse mod, viz, that in condemning the war carried on by France in Italy, as having caused the annihila tion of the temporal authority of the Pope, the article has quite distorted the results of the war and calumniated the policy of the Emperor. It is also insulting to the nations allied with France, and the comparison which the writer of the article de signedly and offensively makes between the names of Machiavelli and those of Napoleon 111 and the King of Sardinia is detrimental to that respect which is due to the Emperor. The And de la Religion has also received a first warning for having published the above article of tho Corresponclunt in its colums. PARIS. OCT. 30. The Illoniteur of to-day contains an article which first gives an account of the attacks of the Mtoroc• cans on the French territory during the months of Angust and Sept. last. The article then proceeds thus : The daring and the culpable behaviour of those tribes deserved a severe chastisement. The whole western portion of Algeria was continually in an agitated state. The safety of the tribes under our rule was everywhere seriously threatened. It became necessary to act with energy, and therefore an expedition was decided upon." The following telegraphic message received by Government shows that this expedition has begun its work with determinbtion " General Martimprey to the General Randon, Minister of War.--After an engagement of three hours, the second regiment of Zouaves fixed its victorious eagle on the Ain-Tacouralt, where the whole expeditionary corps bivouacs. We hare no serious losses." A semi-official co»zmunique runs thus :—" The statement that France has supplied Spain with re sources for operating against Morocco is not cor rect. France does not co-operate with Spain in her operations against Morocco.' BRUSSELS, OCT. 30. In spite of the semi-official communique sent to the Paris papers yesterday, letters from well informed persons, received here to-day, state most positively that M. Mon has made a request for materials of war, to which Marshal Randon, Mini ster of War, has given his consent. MADRID, OCT. 29. A circular has been addressed to-day to the dip lomatic corps, informing the foreign Powers that Tangier, Tetuan, and Larrache have been declared in a state of blockade by the Spanish Government. TURIN, OCT. 29. According to advices received from Sicily, the insurrection there has not ceased. The insurgents have withdrawn into the mountains. The brothers Mantrichi are at the head of the movement. Rein forcements of troops are being continually de spatched by the Neapolitan Government to quell the insurrection. Numerous arrests have taken place at Palermo, Cattano, and. Messina. ZURICH,. OCT. 29 To-day a conference, at which all the plenipoten tiaries were present, took place. It is stated that the three treaties of peace will be signed next week. Count Karolyi arrived here last evening. TURIN, OCT. 30 To-morrow a meeting is to take place between the King and General Garibaldi. It is stated that a considerable increase will be made in the budget of the marine department. It is asserted that M..Ratazzi will take ad interim the portfolio of the Minister of Justice. THE PAPAL STATES. A letter dated Rimini, Oct. 23, says :—I embrace the present opportunity of sending you some par ticulars about Garibaldi's new staff. During the campaigns of Varese and Stelvio most of Garibaldi's officers, especially the staff, were old, well-tried friends, who had borne arms with him in South America, or who had fought by his side in Lombardy and Rome in 18484849. Since the terrible chief tain has been entrusted with the command ef the Tuscan army, he has of course been obliged to have Tuscan staff officers attached to his person. Some of the old ones are, however, still near him, such as his private secretary and two ordely officers. It is indeed, astonishing what a magnetic influence his grave and yet gentle countenance, and his musical voice, exercise over those who are about him. Like the great warriors of old, Garibaldi is rnerally simple and mild in his manners, but when the hour of severity comes—when he appears among his men with the brim of his cap pulled down over his stern brows—there is no officer or soldier who would not rather face the greatest danger than hear the sound of his angry voice. His manners are of such a plain and simple character that when he is seen among his officers nobody would believe that he is one of the greatest men of our times. At eight o'clock in the evening the General goes to bed, and regularly gets up at two o'clock in the morning. He then reads for two hours some military book, and at four o'clock he despatches his private correspondence. At eight o'clock he has his break fast, after which he goes into his office to transact military business. Garibaldi is never seen in public, except on duty. Even when he wants to get the fresh air of the sea he rides out of the town, taking the shortest and quickest way which leads to the marina. Loaded with stars and medals by more than one monarch, he never wears any decoration or distinction whatever, and when he is obliged to wear his uniform he does it with such nonchalance that you would scarcely believe that he is the hero of so many exploits of almost fabulous daring. On Thursday last the town council of Rimini sent to Garibaldi the diploma of Patrizio, or, in other words, made him and his descendants mem bers of the nobility of the town. The Patriziato Riminese is an institution of the middle ages, which was in later times confirmed when Rimini passed by sale from the Malatesta family to the Venetians. It is merely a title, but to have it is considered al most a princely honour, for within the memory of man it has' only been granted to monarchs and popes. Garibaldi has not accepted it, as he told the deputation of the town council, on account of his personal merit, but as an homage to the noble cause he serves. The desertion of the Swiss soldiers increasing every day has decided Gen. Garibaldi to address to them the following proclamation : Noble Sons of llelvetia,—lt is not the first time that your brothers have shed their blood in behalf of the Italian cause ; as, unhappily, it is not the first time you have been seen to fight for the oppressors of Italy. Ten years ago our young vo:unteers were taught by you how to use a musket and to march to battle. At Vicenza you formed the select legions of our army, and you then added new and well deserved lustre to the pro verbial bravery of the Swiss warriors. Believe me, the Italians are decided to maintain the most complete order, and to keep strictly to the rules generally adopted in war. They have proved it during recent events. There has not been an example of an Austrian prisoner or wouutled ian not being religiously respected by us, whilst our enemies have at all times shot our prigolrers and Inas- sacred our unfortunate wounded. Yes I we will not lay aside the rules of common warfare" . ; but if, instead of obtaining the accomplishment of our rights, as we hope, our enemies unite themselves again to bring us back to a state of slavery—if the priests think to rule us as they did so for many centuries past, I cannot then say that a war of extermination, which will be our last resource, will not cccur. We know that you have been deceived, and that you are still kept under the dishonoured flag of the priests by vain illusions. We also know that the Italian troops which are now at your side, instead of fighting against the sacred cause of their country, will turn their arms against you in the day of battle. Well, then, we hope that the gallant descendants of Moral's heroes will never stain their hands with the blood of a people who are defending the same cause which was defended by William Tell and your fore fathers—the cause of the independence of the country. Gallant Swiss instead of marching against us, we ex- pect you to join our ranks. We shall be really proud to have such fellow-warriors as you are in the forthcoming battles for liberty. Italy, then full of gratitude, will not fail to reward you, and your names shall be added to the sacred ones of her liberators. (Signed) 21st of October, 1859. G. GARIBALDI. A letter from Florence, dated Oct. 25, says : A wonderful and pleasing sight it is to see this man Garibaldi, whom the world had set down as a rough, harsh, and untutored bandit, display as much sense and tact and genuine manly eloquence as he ever showed desperate valour in the field. Garibaldi is a true-born ruler of men, and civil government may as safely be trusted to his hands as military rule. I could fill your columns with public and private letters, proclamations, and orders of the day, all by him, from all and each of which it would result, firstly, that Garibaldi never fails to hit the nail on the head; secondly, that not one word falling from his lips is suffered to pass un heeded—that his voice and his countenance create a new heart in all who see and hear him. Truly, the hour and the men have come together, Italy is everywhere under the orders of leaders who are well calculated to work out her destinies. No one, I believe, can charge me with partiality to the Italians ; on the contrary, I feel sure I have not spared them the harshest and most unpalatable truths. But I must say, for truth's sake, if they have not all the virtues befitting a nation of free men, neither are they sunk—never will they sink to the condition of unredeemable slaves. The seeds of regeneration are teeming in the land, no longer to be smothered by all the subtleties of one Empe ror, or by all the violence of another. Let France, Austria, and Europe well consider what they are about. Let them rise for one instant superior to the paltry chicaneryof diplomatic botching and cobbling. Italy must live ; it is God's will that Italy should live. In order that Italy may live, it is absolutely necessary that Austria should be bought or beaten, coaxed or kicked, out of Venetia ; it is of the utmost necessity that the Pope should cease to be a tem poral Prince. Is is unavoiable that the King of Naples should bend or break. The man to whom Italy is willing to pay hero-worship must be a hero indeed. Italy is fortunate enough to have more than one such. Victor Emmanuel, Cavour, D'Azeglio, Garibaldi, are all men made on the mould of Plutarch's worthies,—none of them fault less, thank Heaven ! but endowed either with that vastness of brain, or stoutness of heart, or loftiness of character, which has power to renew the temper of a nation. I have often quarrelled with the slackness and slothfulness of the Italians, with their constitu tional indolence, with their unfitness for hardships and intolerance of discipline. I have rated them for grovelling selfishness, for want of truth, and the consequent lack of good trust in one another. Yet, if the day of action dawn again, if the men I have mentioned, spurning all the timid counsels of a time serving policy, call the people to arms, I feel sure Italy will, under their guidance, be capable of magnanimous sacrifices. There will be a generous fight in Italy, a fight which may end in disaster, but not in defeat. The principle of Italian nationality is unquenchable. It was but a spark six and forty years ago. A quarter of a century of trampling, far from putting it out, only stirred it into a blazing conflagration. Villafranca, Zurich, and Brussels may patch up a peace ; they cannot give rest to Italy except by a formal and final and thorough recognition of that principle. Austria and France must withdraw; the vote of Central Italy must be recognised; the Pope must be left to settle accounts with his subjects ; and if the Catho ' lie Powers must needs have a Pontiff, and a Save ' reign Pontiff, they must provide Pius IX. or his successor with a new See and a new Sovereignty. I think I have always faithfully represented the state and disposition of men's minds in these pro vinces. I feel convinced that, if ever the restoration of the Central Italian Princes and the recovery of the Legations by the Papal Government are definitely resolved upon, the day in which such an arrangement is carried into effect, no matter by what means, will change those gentle, orderly, and civilised communities into as many dens of wild beasts. There is among the recent publications of the Modena Gazette a document which may well chal lenge the attention of the most heedless reader, as it refers to a shocking abuse of power to which many unhappy beings yet living and breathing are at the present moment victims. T allude to the list of prisoners now groaning in the dungeons of Man tua, whether they were conveyed by the T)uke of Modena at the time of his ignominous flight from his States on the 14th, 18th, and 22d of April last. The prisoners are eighty in number, and are mostly charged with political offences. The Duke and the Austrian organs attached to his inte rests either stoutly denied the fact altogether, or contended that the number of these unfortunate captives was greatly exaggerated, and insisted that the " eight or ten" who had actually been de livered over to the Austrian gaolers were by no means State offenders, but common criminals, guilty, some of them, of the savage murder of a priest. The names and condition of the prisoners appear now in print, and the assertions of the pre sent Modenese Government are supported by such documents as not even the Allycnzeine Zeitung will have the effrontery to impugn. But, admitting also that the prisoners thus treated were only eight or ten, or only one, and that one convicted of the most heinous offences, by what national or inter national law can prisoners be conveyed, be it for judgment or be it for punishment, beyond the limits of the State which in their alleged offences were committed? " History will judge," I shall conclude with the Modena Gazette," The conduct of a Prince who, foreseeing the necessity he would soon be in of abandoning his own States, took with him his poli tical prisoners, as if to solace himself in his exile by the exercise of sovereignty, though it were limited to the precincts of the gaol !" PRUSSIA. The New Prussian Gazette says :—" Wo are in formed that the chief object of the interview at Breslau was to find durable bases for the peace of Europe, and to restore confidence in people's minds by the fact of two great Powers cordially agreeing on the pending questions. it is rumoured that all of them have been discussed, and a decision come to. The report circulated at Vienna that the interview at Breslau was directed against Aus tria is unfounded. On the contrary, Prussia has attempted to conciliate differences." On the same subject,a Berlin letter in the 'Nure»zberg Cor respondence states :—" With respect to the nume rous versions afloat as to the object of the interview between the Emperor of Russia and Prince Regent, we arc in a position to maintain our statement that the sole object was tai e signing of a treaty. The different points of the convention were settled by the Prussian Ministry in such a manner that it is believed that the assent of the other great Powers is certain. The articles agreed to at Bres• lau will be forwarded to them, wiih a request that they will accede thereto." ATTACK ON DOVER CASTLE.—MS rumoured that ere long a night attack on tho castle will be made, and a gallant defence mitintaintd. Should our fellow-townsmen therefore be awakened from their peaceful slumbers by the roar of artillery, wo assure them they will have no need to fear either an invasion of Napoleon or Alexander, no, nor a second edition of Blake, for the affair will form part of a military exercise to test their vigilance, as neither the be siegers nor the besieged will know the day or the hour of the attack,--Doter Chronicle, AUSTRALIA. 0 THE ROYAL CHARTER'S ADVICES. LIVERPOOL. SATURDAY NIGHT. In the confusion attendant upon the melancholy loss of the Royal Charter the fact of her bringing dates eight days later than to hand by the overland mail—viz., to the 26th of August inclusive—was overlooked. We have, by the courtesy of a person saved from the wreck, obtained Melbourne papers to the 21th of August inclusive. The Royal Charter had on board about 80,000 oz. of gold, which, with the amount in the hands of passengers, reached an aggregate of about £500,000, all of which is for the present lost. The papers to hand report the arrival at Mel bourne of the following vessels :—The Anglesey, in 73 days, and Woodstock, from London; the Morn ing Light, in 72 days, and placed in quarantince, having a case of small pox on board, and Zoboah, from Liverpool; and the Alice Fulton, from Leith. The Redgauntlet, from London, had arrived at Sydney. Tne Orwell had sailed from Melbourne for Lon don with 42,225 ounces of gold of the value of £168,880, and the Red Jacket was to sail for Liver pool on the Ist of September. The latest dates received at Melbourn3 from Eng land were to the 12th of June. The elections to the local legislature appeared to be the leading political feature engrossing attention, and the papers received are almost entirely devoted to election addresses of the various candidates. The district of Warnambool had returned Mr. G. S. W. Horne without opposition. A deputation from the iron trade at Melbourne had waited on the legislature, and strongly urged the desirability of adopting the eight hours' move ment amongst those engaged in that trade. His Excellency Sir Henry Barkly, Governor of Victoria, had been present at a ball given by the Manchester Unity of Odd Fellows, on the 24th of August, at Melbourne. From South Australia we learn that in the Legislative Assembly a vote of £3,000 had been granted to despatch a vessel to the north-west coast to receive any exploring party who might arrive there, several gentlemen in South Australia having organised parties for the exploration of the interior. An inquiry had been ordered by the Adelaide House of Assembly into the loss of the Admella steamer. The total number lost was 65. A meeting of the members of the Hobart Town Chamber of Commerce had been held to consider the propriety of petitioning the Home Government to maintain the principles of the existing customs tariff, and not to sanction the imposition of ad va lorem duties. The following resolution was unani- mously adopted:—"That it is the opinion of this meeting that the principle of fixed duties be main tained, and it entirely disapproves of the principles of ad valorem rates." The Launceston Examiner says :—" We are glad to report that the Quartz Crushing Company have resumed operations with renewed success, and the Government geologist had returned to the secretary of the Assembly a very satisfactory report of the inspection." COMMERCIAL. At Melbourne there was no change in the value of gold since the departure of the mail. The supplies from the diggings arrived satisfactorily, although not so large as last year. The shipments per the Orwell for London were on the following account :—Bank of New South Wales, 21,000 oz. ; London Chartered Bank, 7,380 oz. ; Bank of Victoria, 7,030 oz. ; Oriental Bank Corporation, 5,08.1 oz. ; National Bank of Australasia, 1,500 oz. ; and small shipments, 255 oz. There was rather more activity in imports, although prices of various articles had given way. The supply of labour had been much larger than at any previous time during the winter. At Hobart Town and Launceston the produce markets were well supported ; and at Adelaide markets were inactive and generally unaltered. Coffee steady, at XlOO per ton. AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, MONDAY MORNING. The steamer Canada, from Boston the 19th inst., and from Halifax the 20th inst., reached the Mersey about midnight, bringing 71 passengers, but no specie. On the 20th, the Canada passed the Europa, bound for Boston ; and on the 29th, the City of Baltimore, hence for New York. The insurrectionary movement at Harper's Ferry had been suppressed by government. The insurrec tionists were commanded by a Captain Brown, who rendered himself notorious in the Free State quar rel in Kansas. They numbered in the first in stance only 17 white men and 5 negroes. They took the Armoury by storm, and it was was subse quently retaken by the United States Marines. Fifteen of the insurgents were killed, and there was some loss B.r life on the other side also, but the details are very fragmentary and contradictory. According to one account, it was a deliberate attempt to incite a servile insurrection ; but another statement is, that the disaffection originated in the failure of a contractor to pay his labourers. There is nothing else of political importance. The New York stock market on the 18th was rather fluctuating, but closed buoyant at rather higher rates. Money continued very easy. . _ NEW ORLEANS, Oct. 18.—Cotton sales last three days 35,000 bales, at steady and unchanged prices. Receipts, three days, 33,000, against 32,000 same time last year. Increased receipts at this port 69,000 bales. Sterling exchange 91 to 91 premium. Freights to Liverpool 19-32 dol. NEW-YORK, OCT. 20. Perfect order now prevails at Harper's Ferry, and the insurrection is regarded as effectually crushed. The yacht Wanderer, which was seized some time ago on suspicion of being a slaver, has sailed from Savannah, with a full crew and a large quan tity of ammunition on board ; her destination is unknown, but it is supposed that she has gone after a cargo of slaves. Cotton here is buoyant, and prices have advanced. Quarter sales to-day, 3,000 bales. Middling Uplands quoted 112-e. Breadstuffs have also slightly ad vanced on all descriptions, and the closing tendency is upwards. Provisions in general steady. Naval stores dull. Freights rather higher. The stock market tends downwards, and quotations to-day were generally rather lower. NEw ORLEANS, Oct. 19.—Sales of cotton to-day, 6,000 bales, at unchanged prices. MAILS FOR AMERICA, VIA CORK.—Arrangements have been made for the British packets conveying the mails between this country and North America to call at Queens town (Cork), for the purpose of embarking and landing mails, on each of their voyages between Liverpool and Boston, via Halifax ; that is, on every alternate voyage by British packet to and from America. For the future, there fore, the outward mails will include such correspondence as may be posted or may arrive in London up to the usual post-hour on Saturday evening, or may reach Cork up to Sunday morning ; so that a considerable additional time will be allowed throughout the kingdom for posting letters, &c., sent by these British packets to the United States and to British North Amerioa. This arrange ment will commence with the packet appointed to leave Liverpool on Saturday, the sth day of November, and will continue thenceforth on every alternate Saturday. Notice will be given in both the daily and weekly editions of the " Postal Official Circular," of the dates of sailing of the packets to which this arrangement will apply. As the mails from Boston and Halifax will in future 100 landed at a shorter interval after their embarkation than heretofore, it may not be possible to sort all the newspapers, on the homeward voyage, before the arrival of the packet at Queenstown. Any newspapers that may remain unsorted will, as at present, be carried on to Liverpool.—By com mand of the Postmaster-General, ROWLAND HlLL.—Gene ral Post-office, October 31. DEATH OF A TOURIST ON SNOWDON.—The following facts relative to the sudden death of a tourist from Derbyshire (Mr. R. Rogers Cox) were adduced before a coroner's court held on Monday evening, the 24th instant, at the Goat Hotel, Beddgelert. Mr. Cox (the deceased) arrived at Llanbems from Carnarvon about eleven o'clock on the previous morning (Sunday), where he engaged a guide to ascend Snowdon, and thence to proceed to Bedd gelert. They started shortly afterwards, and when • half way up the mountain deceased complained to his guide of pains in his loins (kidneys), and wished to rest; to this the guide strongly objected, at the weather was most severe, and it would be as much as they could accomplish to reach Beddgelert post road before nightfall. They then pro ceeded to the summit and entered ono of the deserted huts. The deceased lay down for a few moments apparently ex hausted. After considerable importunity the guide induced the deceased to begin the descent, and when about two miles from the post road the deceased became quite unable to pro ceed further. The guide then placed him in a sitting pos ture and hastened to a farmhouse adjacent, where he pro cured the assistance of two men. On returning they found deceased lying on his back quite insensible, near to the spot where the guide had left him. They lost no time in con veying him to the farm-house, where every available re medy was used, but without avail. Deceased was moved as speedily as possible to Beddgelert, and medical assistance was immediately procured, 1340 with like effect, life having been for some time extinct. The jury gave as their verdict, " That deceased died in descending Snowdon, apparently from exhaustion, but there is no evidence to show the exact caus3 of death." The deceased, it appeared, was the son of the Rev. R. Cox, of Tickenhall Parsonage, near Derby, whither his remains were carried, by rail direct, on Wed nesday. SPORTING NOTES. -~- RETROSPECTIVE. All persons seemed heartily tired of their week's sport at Newmarket. They certainly seemed to experience too much of a good thing, and had little causs for regret when Mr. Hibburd dropped his flag for the last time. The weather in the early part of the week was most unpropitious, and only the most ardent lover of sport could be found to brave its in clemency. The incidents connected with the racing have been already fully described, and turfites are perhaps not willing to allow their minds to brood over them, so weary are they of their week's work. Bookmakers generally are large winners, and the " gentlemen had a hard time of it. Still no very " fortunate youths" are reported. John Osborne and certain thorough thick-and-thin adherents of his stable made a successful flight with Red Eagle, but they wer e scarcely prepared for the complete fulfilment of their expectations. Their hopes centred chiefly in Lady Alice. The two animals were never, I believe' tried together, but I am informed that they had a rough gallop in their clothes on the Monday, a nd that Red Eagle seemed to have all the best of it. Danebury was discouraged by the defeat of Ariadne. John Day placed the utmost confidence in the mare's chance, a confidence which all persons shared when they saw the blooming condi tion of the mare and her improved appearance since the spring. The Newmarket folk were sadly disappointed by the wretched exhibition made h Y . North Lincoln, who was the first beaten horse in the race. The Cesarewitch competitors, too, cut u P very badly, and altogether a change in the weather° seemed to have brought a change of fortune to t h fielders. The two-yr-old races were not ma rked by much importance, the most interesting enc eu r r ter being between Thunderbolt and Thorman b Y .lo f the Criterion. Thormanby gave another pro of t o , c his great pluck and power of endurance by "`. style in which he climbed the hill. Thunderbolt 1° a nice compact horse, but he belongs to a class onlla very little superior to that of King-at-Arms. Nurseries were attended with greater success ° I : 15 they were last year, but the q uality of the an imals which they brought out was somewhat insign ifieari tc a The " talent" were clever enough, for they spot the winner for each class. From the " Retrospective " I will now turn t° the prospective, and place before the reader a f el( brief hints relative to the Worcester Gat her mg, which all racing-men anticipate with pleasure; because, whatever may be the character of the sport they are sure that the business arrangements vili't be carried out in accordance with honesty and fa f play. The programme promises an abundance °A. sport, and by turfites of the Midland districts, 9! least, the meeting will be numerously patronisec. Curlew has only 51bs. extra to carry for the Sul, sery Stakes, and he may, therefore, repeat his Ne' market success. Ben Webster, however, perforrae: I sufficiently well at Newmarket last week to induct), me to believe that he may play first business t, ,_ morrow. Bad as he is, Mutineer ought to ; 11 capable of winning the Autumn Handicap. Should Ihe not pull through his owner will find i t to advantage to convert him into cat's meat 'with° delay. The Autumn Flying Handicap will doubtless tzt tract a large field. Sam Spode, Maud, and Curiel are, in my opinion, the most noteworthy nara„et amongst the nominations. I know so little ab° l i i the present " form" of the " jumpers" that I s hs not refer to the Steeplechases and Hurdle Rac,,es* A FRESH MAI' NEW WIEST2I.IINSTEI? - BRI DG-0. Little more tha p n r The works connected with this fine structure have rapidly pette; a og in re o s n s t e i d t. osrinsicxe weeksour a l g as o t only t he cast-iron work had been completed, the 0 ' 11 ! wrought-iron crowns of each arch being still s' Messrs. Cochran's iron works, at Battersea. N e t' however, not only has the whole of the iron vrc r i, wrought and cast, of the first half of the arc en been bolted finished, but the "buckle" plates have ti the . down for the roadway, and a portion o f th° macadamized road itself at either end constructs of The wr manner in which the road is made is a scr ie 4 s i t - , ought-iron convex plates, about 7ft. 1 3 Y — l4 - b wit \ h veen the convex crowns of these are intervs etbolted on to the ribs of the arch. The filled are with a . wood pavement, the interstices of weer iiii closedin with strong asphalte, till all is perfect J brick rubbish, to the depth of 8 or 10 level with the top of the plates. A coatin,g of dry inches, J. B then laid down, with a layer of granite over, : t he oth the portions over the abutmentS 0 ' lie d, _Middlesex and Surrey sides have thus been fici,e inter but ut the granite has not yet been laid over the In 0 , mediate arches. The work of strewing this , 11° 30 , tver. would occupy but a few days, and, as far ° g . t e to be judged from a careful survey of what has het t° be performed, there seems no reason whatever W i l l another month. It is not, however, P the first half of the bridge should not be eP ell t hat robab le tra ffic It will be ready for the reception of carriag° the much before Christmas, if even then. W hat op Board of Works are doing in the matter of the w : Fitzroy passed a short bill enabling Fitzroy it is hard to say. Late in the se ason . _,,,„ and remove the block of houses on the left or Pal'„,, yard side of the Middlesex end of the roadc",;',o Whether he at the same time obtained the nr u l ti re him to Pui.CP-7; cannot tell ; but certain it is that as yet no 54 ,1 11 ,• - s pO' shown on the part of the inhabitants of oil "re sition to quit the houses which are so urgently _ rd. , quired to be removed, and we believe Oat acc e „ lo none lay in g to the notices they have r eceived bound to do so before Christmas. For such Rays it seems hard to find any excus e, as it has u d olt been known that these tenement s must come , be' eventually, and ought to have been r emove a surr ey fore this. The block of houses on the SurrtJe side, leading from the end of the bri d r er ty. Stangate-street, are what is called bridge PK doll For the occupants of these houses coe3Peonlavo may not be required, though one i sutuu .. e ., thought at least a quarter's n otice a necessarYiWge liminary to such a whole sale e j ectment. The bf,,,itly. must therefore, if open ed this y ear, be open e a suc h 0, out proper approaches at all. Fortunately', et of dett es s course will not involve any great amount cost or trouble; but when there is not the sl i p, tbe reasonable excuse for incurring any o ne 0 1 . us , three the public will not unnaturally be caP ti f e the By cutting down a slight portion of each end e the old bridge, and so levelling the roadway on to l e _,, new structure, the difficulty of the approaches can be got over for a time. In the first half of the new bridge now completed there is not sufficient V I j v iit to give good accommodation to the immense arll°_,,g of foot and passenger traffic which now daily aye the old structure. For this reason we believer be for months after the opening the new half believe the exclusively devoted to the carriage traffic , ,, of greater part of the old bridge being reserveLtAt foot passengers only. During this time about elwia or ten feet of the western side of the old bridg e _ e ro be hoarded off and taken down, and twohysthis arches bolted on to the new structure, and w it additional space room will then b e gained for bot __, o carriages and passengers. The work of taking do and the ue k the old bridge entirely will then be continut the second half of the new one completed in °u e another 12 months. With such energy hu re . r ied engineering works, under Mr. P a g e, been ca l no .. forward that all the piers have now easternbeen. tirely finished, with the exce ption of the t wo halves of two, directly in the way of which are rse) can" of the piers of the old bridge , w hich, of cou not be moved or meddled with at present. , ii the The outer rib of ornamental work on whi c rb e en perforated stone parapet will rest has not "rel,,e,,r. completely fixed to the finished half. Tbi,,'ess ever, is a matter of no moment whatever, as, l' i .'„ r $ be placed in a for tnight, or left unfinished. 'vet twelvemonth, indifferently. Placing the P a yor]C on the rib will occupy about two months, a ' t be which can, of course, be proceeded with aft e ., r a ys bridge has been opened for traffic. Two trarel"oill on the east or right hand side of the new ha' hand at once be fixed for heavy traffic, and the left es; side set apart for carriages and public conveyanc,o When the whole bridge is finished the traolschket lamps totl along either rlieavy waggons will be close to the ke r 'ith side, while a slight kerbstone division W.,ig sides y divide all traffic going to the north and se' of the river. the very centre of the bridge I .tir. ____ _,l ilust. LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. — Mes srs. Blackett announce the following works in their , 1 1 ';e th New Publications in preparation .—" Poems,' roitt Author of " John Halifax, Gentleman," with e u g" o or, by Birket Foster :—" The Upper and Lower A-liosont Narrative of Travel and Adventure," by Mr., Author of Oriental and Western Sibe ria, in 74 v - G o org' numerous illustrations ;—" The Life and Times of __ l3 Villiers, Duke of Buckingham," by Mrs. TlionTwo . " Pictures of Sporting Life and Character," by lord tb° Liam Lennox ;—" Mr. and Mrs. Asheton," a rove' , Se/ Author of "Margaret and Her Bridesmaids; ipviv Works of Fiction by the Hon. Mrs. Norton, Miss go. nagh, Mrs. Howitt, Mrs. S. C. Hall, the Author of en a g aret Maitland," &c. The next volume ef„lLirsjiclo Bl a ckett's Standard Library, will comprise De"' • " Wise Saws and Modern Instances." THE SUN, LONDON MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 31, 1859,