The Sun. — London, England, 1862-04-12 00:00:00

THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Assee, Mr. J. B. Buclo:t,Dr. THIS EVENING (101st time) OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothena ; Aga Trenchard, Mr. Buck stone. After which, a Household Piallre, under Two Lights, entitled THE WIFE'S PORTRAIT. Mr. Howe, Mr. W. Farren, Mrs. C. Yountr,, To conclude with FAMILY JARS. Commence a 7 OY AL LYCEUM TFIEATRE . Manager —Mr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVENING, 129 th time of the new and original Drama entitled, PEEP O'DAY ; or, Savourneen Deelish. Messrs Walter Lacy, H ermann Vezin, Charles S thy, Edmund foal- Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara Weston. Atter which, a new and original Burlesque Extravaganza, entitled LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD ; or, The Fairies of the Rose, the Thistle, and the Shamrcck. Principal charac ters by Mr. Chas. Selby, Mr. W ar losv, Miss Cicely Nott, and Miss Lydia Thompson. Acting Manager—Mr. F. B. Chatterton. P,ices Ett usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at Box-oThice open daily from 11 till& R OYAI, PRINCESS'S THEATRE. JAmsee, Mr A. H arrip. THIS EVENTING, THE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH Mr. Ryder, Mr. 11. Widdicomb, Mr. Meadows, Mesdames Fielding. Carlotta Leclercq, &c. To conclude with the new Mystic Drama, in lour parts, entitled THE ANGEL OF MIDNIGT. Mr. Missyßder, Mr. Potter, Mr. Jordan, Mr. Widdicomb, H &c. ; Marriott, Mlss Fielding, &e. NEW THFATRF-R0 AL, ADELPHT.- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, A PRIVATE ENQUIRY. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. Billincrt.)n Mr. Sefton, Miss Kate Kelly, and lilies K. Bland. Followed by THE LIFE OF AN ACTRESS. Mr. and Mrs. Dion Bonecault, Messrs. Emery, J. L. Toole, Billing.ton, Stuart, Eburne. Sefton, Powell, C. J. Smith ; Mrs. Billington, Mrs. Harland, Mrs. A. Lewis, Miss Laidlaw. o conclude with ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs J. L. Toole, Emery , Billington, Misses K. Kelly, K. Bland, Laidlaw, and Mrs. H. Marston. Commence at 7. A S TLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. - ..711 Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. Batty. Wonderful Performance of Mr. Bell's trained Elephants. '1 HIS EVENING, the Grand Eastern Spectacle of Tll E RAJAH OF NA GPORE, introducing two colossal Asiatic Elephants, pronounced by all to be the cleverest animals ever exhibited. To be followed by brilliant and daring feats by the un rivalled Troupe of Equestrians. Concluding with a laughable Farce. Stage Manager, Mr. W. Searle. (y.NTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. The renowned ROCKY MOUNTAIN WONDERS, at ten o'clock, for a few evenings only. Grand Selections from " La Sonnambula" and "Dinorah," by Mdme. Negri, Signor Tivoli, and 11r. Raynor, with Band and Lull Chorus, conducted by Mr. Jomzhmans. The Comte Department by Mr. Hollingsworth, Mr. J. G. Forde, Mr. W. Randall, Messrs. Hildebrandt and Ormond, and Miss Caroline Parkes. - - The miraculous STECKEL, from the Cirque Napoleon, Paris, will make his first appearance on Monday, the 14th of Admission—Hall, t3d.; Stalls aad Balcony, ls. 'THE OXFORD, 6, OXFORD-STREET.- ji and PFAU on the Flying Trapeze EVERY EVENING. The musical entertainment as usual, including Robert Burns' celebrated " JOLLY BEGGARS," with music composed exp, essly for this establishment by Mr. George Linley. Oper:ttic Selections by Miss Russell, Mdme. Negri, Mdme. Maria, at :d Mdme. Enderssohn. Full Band and Chorus.— Mua.cal Dfrector, Mr. F. Jonghmans. C om ic_me,ssrs. Sam Collins, Harvey and French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. ball, 6d.; Stailfa and Balcony, ls. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TRIM DAY. —Morning, 12h. Om.—Afternoon, 12h. 21m, To-monßow.-Morning, 12h. 44m.—Afternoon, lh. sm, NOTICE. All remittances are, henceforth, to be made to IVAI:r. . JOHN CHAPLIN, at The Sun office, 112, Stramd, who has been appointed, by the Lord Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun newsparer, and the outstanding debts due in respect thereof. *" . :141 4 1 4 . , I 4 tx .._°l 1, 2,0 1 A . ~lfN THE SUN. LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 12, 1862. Italians ol; \ - 7e much to Sir GEORGE BOWYER. lie has served their cause in an assembly whose debates are more read throughout the capitals and larger towns of Europe than those of their own Parliament, and perhops as much as the short-lived onus of the French Chambers. It is an advantage to them too, that their assailant is et sincerely cre dulous man ; all calumnies and stories are alike welcome to him if they do but prove that Italians hate constitutional liberty and VICTOR EMMANUEL, and love FRANCIS 11. and the temporal rule of the POPE. O'CONNELL'S son said of the Protestant jury which convicted his father on the miserably constructive case got up against him, that they had nc. , t perjured themselves, for they could sin cerely .have believed any accusation against him, and would as readily have convicted him of horse stealing as of conspiracy. And Sir GEORGE BOWYER, we doubt not, would believe in the truth of any atrocity said to be perpetrated by any civil Off' military servant of VICTOR EMMANUEL, even should they equal those certainly committed by the order of the POPE, or of his chief butcher ANTO- NELLI. We can join, however, with Lord PALMEIIBTON hi complimenting personally the worthy baronet for his zealous advocacy of such a falling cause as that of the POPE'S temporal rule. It does require a eegree of courage to oppose both facts, and reason, and the sympathy of Englishmen for freedom, in the interest of an antiquated and detested despotism, which nothing but a faith totally different from that of most men could furnis.b. It is impossible, however, that our respect for Sir G. BOWYER'S motives should modify our judgment of the worth of his statements or opinions ; they will be to all other men as valuable as the opinions about colours of a gentleman who looks abroad with tinted spec tacles. The nature of his impressions we cannot doubt ; their correspondence with facts we more than doubt. And Sir G. BOWYER does not conceal that he looks on Italy through the spectacles of 1 passionate attachment to the rule of Popes and ex-monarchs. Sir G. BOWYER has, therefore, only succeeded in t wo things. One in showing how entirely the British House of Commons fails to sympathise with t r ie "; the other in calling forth from N r. LAYARD, e Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Lord PAL MERsToN such a picture of the truth of the case, and such a declaration of English policy, as will equally encourage the Italians, rebuke their ene mies, and aid, poa far as the expression of opinions by some of thet rst of European statesmen can do it, in obtaining for Italians their complete liberties — liberty from Papal thraldom included. The POPE'S Irish Brigade will see, too, that our veteran Pre wiier is in no way dauntedby the imperative orders issued from th e Vatican, *- is 4 Asted of by the O'REILLYS, and acted on by I:4)r oun Catholics gene rally, whether electo rs or others — to vote against and turn out by any means the P re sent Govern ment for its sympathy with Italian libert y, Lord PA.I.MERSTON told them plainly, though i n court, ens language, that the Government not only never denied sympathy with the cause of Italiqn freedom, but gloried in it; that they understood non-interven_ ton to mean abstinence from action only, certainly not from interest in the affairs of another country ; that so far from being "angr s v at the charges made by the honourable baronet, thew were proud of the eh.arge"—they were " proud to be thought to have contributed in the way the honourable baronet says we have done, to an event which every person may consider a happy cne." Lord P ALMERSTO,N gave no 013Portunity for mistake; if you like, he virtually said to the Irish members—Unite with the Tories on any division. and turn us out: you may do that, but you will not deprive us of our own satisfaction with our course, nor, we believe, of the approbation of the country. But how, meantime, do the Tories behave on oc casions like that of last night, when the liberties of Italy, or indeed of any foreign country, are the subject of discussion. Why, their leader could I leave the House, and the Pakingtons, the White• sides, and the Walpoles, and all the subordinate officers of the Opposition could be perfectly silent, as if it were no business of Tory members to evince their sympathy with the cause of Italian liberty. Mr. LocKE very properly called attention to this sneak ing, shabby reticence. He demanded of them if a general election came whether they would behave,in regard to Italian freedom, as they had in reference to Free-trade in 1852—and promise to bow to the decision of the people. It may be a politic silence cti the part of Mr. DISRAELI, but we are certain that it is not a very honourable one. For him and other ex-Ministers to sit by and shirk a debate so interesting to the country, can but be regarded as political cowardice. If they lean, as so many of them do, to the temporal Pope—the spiritual one also for aught we know—and to the ex-despots, then, if they are, like Lord PALMERSTON, proud of their policy, let them get up and say so. They are pur chasing Ultramontane votes all over Ireland, and in England, too, by taking the side of the POPE, and the banished rulers; why not avow their side in the House of Commons ? The country per fectly well knows the reason why all Roman Catho lc electors are ordered to vote for Lord DERBY; , and it would therefore be mole creditable to the Tories to imitate the courage of Sir G. BOWYER, and to proclaim themselves in favour of a falling cause. With regard to the facts of the case, the reply of Mr. LAYARD was triumphant. To the tales and fictions with which the credulous member for Dundalk had been crammed for the occasion, the Foreign-office could reply by authorised documents and vouchers. It would have been almost absurd to expect that a whole country of twenty-two millions could re volutionise itself, and pass from the borders of slavery to complete constitutional freedom with no causes of disturbance left. We know well enough that the expulsion of the Stuarts from our own country was followed, to the very memory of our grandfathers, by serious disturbances ; and France has never yet been able to retain constitutional liberty for any length of time. The Italians, on the contrary, show the most perfect aptitude for it. Representatives from all the parts, said to be disaffected, meet, and cordially co-operate with those of other parts at Turin. Even a national guard can be everywhere formed and trusted with arms. Throughout all the provinces once sub ject to the Pope, order is preserved without a single regiment, and those provinces are not only quiet but prosperous. It is only in the Neapolitan territories, and in the parts of them adjacent to the residuary States of the Church that there is any pretence of disturbance, and there the cause is notorious. Brigands, chiefly hired from foreign countries, paid and equipped by FRANCIS 11., lodged and countenanced by the POPE and ANTO NELLI, are the sole cause of the trouble. This is placed beyond all doubt, not only by the lettere we read from day to day, written by known, we may say public, correspondents, but by the more important corroborative statements of our own con suls and diplomatists: But we may hope that the most important part of the debate will prove to be the statement by Lord PALMERSTON of his views in regard to the French occupation. That is, of course, the answer to Sir G. BOWYER, and all the Irish Ultramontane clique. It proves that they are crazed by a phan tom. There exists no such thing as an indepen dent Papacy—temporally independent, we mean. The French EMPEROR holds the POPE in his hands. He allows him to be saucy within certain limits, but the old gentleman and his Cardinals quite well know that if they venture on any step seriously displeasing to Louis NAPOLEON, they are ruined at once. He has but any moment to withdraw his army, and bid the Romans do as they please, and in a day Italian troops would be welcomed by accla mation into the capital of Italy, and all would be up. To talk of the POPE, indeed, as anything but a Prince mediatised to France is an absurdity. To talk of him as independent, when twenty thousand foreign troops hold his capital is simply unmeaning. But, Lord PALMERSTON openly says that such a state of things cannot be permanent. The POPE' Irish Brigade prophecy eternity for the temporal power of the POPE, but events prophecy to ordi nary mortals something very different. The French army is there—first, in violation of the non-inter vention policy on which France and England have agreed—next, in contravention of the EMPEROR'S own avowed purpose in entering Italy, that is, to free it from the Mediterranean to \ the Adriatic—thirdly, it is there to be abused Iby the POPE for the encouragement ofa most frightful system of brigandage, which hardly be longer allowed to contiuue. By the re tention of Rome the EMPEROR is dishonourably vio!ating his own profession, he is gradually alienating from France, the Italy which would otherwise be naturally her best friend; he is both committing a great wrong against the Romans, and making their city and its little territory the centre of disturbance and bloodshed to the adjacent territory ; and what does he gain by it ?—the re lentless ill-will of Ultramontanists in France, who would collapse into insignificance, if he had but the courage to leave Rome and Italy to the Italians. Can he long persist in such a policy ? Lord PAL MERSTON seems to think not. Finding himself incapacitated from any attempt even to distinguish his Budget for 1862.63 by sweeping fiscal changes like the abolition of the Paper Duties, or the remission of a penny upon the Income Tax—Mr. GLADSTONE has ingeniously contrived to elaborate his financial policy this year by a variety of minor innovations. As Chancellor of the Exchequer it was incumbent upon him to do Something. The recollection of that seems of itself to account for the activity he has shown in changing the position of the pegs struck here and there about that great cypheriDg table the National Board of ex-Chequer. Moving this round one from the square hole into the circular, and so on vice versa, according to the dictates of his own sound sense and of his rational appreciation of what may be called the congruities. First and foremost—not less in magnitude than in adroitness—among these clever moves of our Financier there is that dexterous scattering to the winds at last of an old, old grievance—the lamenta tions over which have been so wearisomely dinned into the ears of su;cessive Chancellors of the Exche \ "" I There is, in fact, the admirably we ll-contrived m on C ornutati o f the ?Top Duties ! Mr. GLADSTONE'S commutation of the Hop Duties—by imposing on brewers in re spect to each barrel of beer 3d. as an equivalent for that duty on hops now to be remitted. Why 3d. is readily enough representing explained. A duty to t h a t amount 21b. of hops, and 21b. of _ hops—(i. e. , the very t quantity used in com bination with 2 bushels °I malt)—representing with 2 bushels of malt whet Zoe; according THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 12, HO. to ordinary calculations, together with a due pro portion of the " native element," to the composition of a barrel of beer. Hence our Financier imposes a supplementary 3d. upon each barrel of beer, as an equivalent for the remitted hop duty. It must be remembered, how ever, that wh:lle this is the arrangement decided upon by the Chancellor of the Exchequer—three pence hop duty is really and truly the minimum paid by the brewer in the price of his hops. Conse quently, bearing that simple fact in mind, it was at once comprehensible to all who heard him, when Mr. GLADSTONE remarked in this part of his Financial Statement, that when there is a difference between the 3d. minimum duty and a greater amount of hop duty now paid by the brewer, when —as, said Me. GLADSTONE, with an audible relish in his tone while the words were being uttered, "in that incompar able article bitter beer"—he (the brewer) uses more than 21b. of hops—then, of course, in every instance of that kind, the difference proposed according to this scheme of commutation would, as a matter of inevitable necessity,prove a dead loss to the revenue! A loss proportioned to the quantity of hops over and above that minimum proportion of 21b. per barrel used in the manufacture of that same in comparable article—Pale Ale—whether BASS or ALSOPP. Altogether, the estimated loss to the revenue in this way, in spite of, or rather in one sense, precisely because of that compensative duty of 3d. additional on every barrel of beer, the Chan cellor of the Exchequer himself calculated would amount annually to the sum of £45,000. As it happens, precisely the very amount that would have become chargeable yearly upon the country to annuitants under the Suitors' Fund and the Fee Fund in the Court of Chancery. Sup posing, that is, that those united funds, to the gross total of £1,400,000 had been appropriated according to the Government plan to the carrying out of the imperial scheme of a grand centralisation of the Courts of Justice—upon the site already marked out for that new Palace of Justice between Cleraent's Inn and Lincoln's Inn. Another £45,009 per annun: our financier at this part of his new Bud get calculated, therefore, would yet have to be made up somehow, so as to make good the loss inevitable upon the commutation of the Hop Duties. This in spite of the brewers' license (just specified) on the one hand, and, on the other hand, of the private brewers' license, to the tune of 12s. 6d. upon occu pants of houses, under £2O rent—licenses that it is anticipated will together yield—i. e., supposing the House consents (which we doubt) to them both eventually—.£3oo,ooo annuually. Counting upon even which gross sum of £300,000 accruing from the brewers' license and the private brewers' license, Mr. GLADSTONE still has before him that loss of £45,000 per annum, to the revenue, consequent upon this commutation of the Hop Duties. To say no thing of any further sum that might have to be paid up in the shape of drawback upon such an extra ex portation of hops as might take place between this time and the 15th of September, when (it is pro• posed) the present duty upon hops will lapse That drawback happily Mr. GLADSTONE anticipates will not, however, be considerable. Yet must it, in rea son, be taken into account as certain to be demanded by exporters to a greater or lesser degree. And whatever the ultimate total of it may be, it will have to be added forthwith to the loss of £45,000 per annum already beheld clearly enough by Mr. GLADSTONE himself, in perspective. LIFE 130,418 AND THE INTERNA- TIONAL _EXHIBITION_ TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. London, April 10, 1862. SIR,—It was with much pleasure that I read the admirable letter of the Secretary of the National Life Boat Institution in The Sun a few days since, and 1 sincerely hope that that appeal, through the press, will induce the Commissioners of the Inter natioual Exhibition to grant the necessary space for the Institution's Life Boat and her equipments. As the Secretary reasonably observed, carriages and chariots of pleasure have had space allotted to them, while the boat of humanity, of which Eng land, as a maritime country, should be proud, is not to be permitted to be seen within the walls of a building, dedicated professedly to the display of all that is useful, nationally important, as well as beau tiful. I think, however, we shall yet see the life-boat — not a mere model—but herself, in the coming exhi bition.---I am, &c., HUMANITUS. COURT CIRCULAR. OSBORNE, APRIL 11. The Queen drove in the grounds yesterday. The Judge Advocate-General had an audience of her Majesty to-day. Mr. David Chadwick and Mr. Hugh Fraser, of Man chester, had an interview with the Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson at tho Board of Trade yesterday. The Right Hon. W. Hutt has left London for Gibside. DESTRUCTIVE FlRE.—Yesterday morning, shortly before two o'clock, a destructive fire broke ont on the pre mises of Mr. Charles Holden, known as the Brunswick Loan Fund, No. 1, Brunswick-grove, Cromer-street, King's-cross, St. Pancras. On the alarm being raised, Mr. Holden endeavoured to descend by the staircase, but was driven back by the smoke and flames ; and, as the last resort, jumped from the ffrst-floor window. The fire was not extinguished till the house was entirely destroyed. The cause is unknown. The loss will fall on the Imperial Fire office. WIMBLEDON AND DORKING RAILWAY.— A Wharncliffe meeting of this company was held yesterday at the office, No, 1, Poet's-corner, Westminster Abbey, Mr. Remington in the chair, for the purpose of approving or otherwise a bill now before Parliament entitled, " A bill for authorising the London and South Western Railway Company to make and maintain additional works, and for authorising the lease or transfer to them of the Chard Rail way and the Wimbledon and Dorking Railway, and for making arrangements respecting the capital, and for other purposes." The chairman, in a few words of explanation, moved a formal resolution declaratory of the approval of the proposed measure, which, having been seconded, was agreed to without discussion, and the meeting terminated. THE NAVAL RESERVE.—Her Majesty has been graciously pleased, upon the recommendation of the Duke of Somerset, to confer upon Capt. J. H. Brown, R.N., Re gistrar-General of Seamen, the honour of Companion of the Bath, as a recognition of the important services rendered to the country in originating and carrying into effect the measure for forming a Naval Reserve. To Capt. Brown is due the credit of having solved this difficult problem of manning the navy on an emergency, and the records of the Admiralty testify with what unceasing perseverance he urged the attention of successive boards to that subject. Till now the merchant seamen have looked upon the scheme with great suspicion, and it was only after calling the men together at the several ports, and explaining the provisions of the measure, that Captain Brown at length succeeded in removing the prejudices they had against all relating to the navy. The force now numbers nearly 12,000 picked Ab.'s, and the country lately witnessed how readily and heartily they tendered their services in the American crisis. Captain Brown is one of the few survivors of the battle of Trafalgar, having been midshipman of the Prince, 98, in that action. Added to the proposed duty of 3d. on every barrel of beer and to the private brewing license of 12s. 6d, per annum—as among the new "arrange ments" sketched out by Mr. GLADSTONE'S hand in this his last Budget—there is the simplifi cation of the wine duties, upon which we have already commented at some length. There is the reduction of the ls. stamp duty upon every pack of cards to a threepenny stamp duty. So that henceforth the Ace of Spades that was, might be represented by a whimsical carica turist, like our incomparable GEORGE CrtUIK SHANK, as looking down disdainfully upon itss diminished and impoverished successor—somewhat as an old GEORGE 111. guinea might look drawn upon a bran new five shilling piece of VICTORIA. Then there is Mr. GLADSTONE'S proposed change in the inventory duty in Scotland, a duty corres ponding in its way with the probate duty of Eng land. There is his scheme for charging (very mode rately it must be admitted) just one-eighth per cent. upon foreign and colonial bonds and loans of all descriptions whatsoever—so as to bring them within the same, category as the loans raised in this coun- , try for purely English purposes, or as very recently was decided in the instance of all loans raised here by authority of the Government of India. So that, in this instance, it is merely a question as to a reasonable assimilation of all loans, &c., whe ther Home or Foreign, Indian or Colonial. Again, and finally for the present, in this succinct enume ration of Mr. GLADSTONE'S novelties in the shape of fresh fiscal and financial arrangements—there is the supplementary publicans' licences for a period of three days at fairs and similar scenes of tempo rary thirst and miscellaneous entertainment. A novelty this, by the way, that is calculated to call all the temperance people up in arms against it. Whether this proposed change or that ether one of the private brewing license will be carried Ithrough the House yet remains problematical , m us t still remain problematical for that matter, until the business of the session shall be resumed after the lapse of the Easter holidays. ANOTHER MYSTERIOUS DEATH IN THE REGENT'S CANAL.—Yesterday morning, shortly after seven o'clock, the body of a male person of gentlemanly appearance was found floating in the Regent's Canal, near the New Globe- , bridge, Stepney. Mr. Horton, the divisional medical offi cer, examined the deceased, who had, in his opinion, been immersed in the water nearly a week. The body bore several marks or abrasions round the neck and front part of the throat, as if the deceased had been garotted. The de ceased was about sft. sin. in height, with dark hair and eyes, and appeared to be about 35 years of age. There is a public footway near the spot where the deceased was found, and this is the third mysterious discovery in the same part of the canal within a few weeks. THE INCREASE OF CHILD MURDER.—INQUESTS. —Yesterday forenoon Mr. John Humphreys, the coroner for Middlesex, held an inquest at the board-room of Mile end Old Town Workhouse, Bancroft-road, Stepney, respect ing the death of a male infant, newly born, supposed to have been murdered, discovered on Wednesday morning last by a police-constable in Ben Jonson's-flelds, Stepney. Mr. James Stephenson, surgeon, said that the deceased had been dead several days. The body was fully developed, and the umbilical cord had not been secured. He believed that the deceased had died from neglect at birth. The jury, in the absence of positive evidence, returned a ver dict of "Found dead ; but whether born alive they had no legal testimony to prove." A second inquiry was also gone into at the London Hospital, respecting a female child found, wrapped in a piece of brown paper, on the, grass in the back garden of the London Hospital, on Wednesday morning last. Mr. Dyte, the resident medical officer, stated that the deceased had been born alive, and had died from pressure or from suffocation. The Coroner having remarked on the frightful increase of the crime of child murder, the jury returned a verdict of " Wilful murder against some person or persons unknown." A FIRE EXTINGUISHED BY CRlNOLlNE.—Yes terday morning an investigation was held at the Poplar Hospital by the Middlesex coroner, touching the death of Frederick Hayden, aged six years, who lost his life under the following shocking circumstances :—Mrs. Mary Hay. I den, 4, Anne-street, Plaistow, said that deceased was her grandson. Last Wednesday she went out to purchase the dinner, leaving the child playing about the room. She had been absent only twenty minutes, when she was sent for, and upon returning she found that he had been most fear fully burnt, the clothes having been consumed from his body. He was removed forthwith to the hospital, where death put an end to his sufferings. Mrs. Martha Offerd, a lodger in the same house, said that directly after last witness went out she heard fearful shrieks from the deceased, and upon going upstairs she found him rushing about the room in a body of flame. She had nothing at hand to fling over him, so she wrapped him up in her crinoline and stifled the fire. A juror remarked that crinoline had never been put to so good a use before, and witness deservEd much credit for her presence of mind. The witness stated that the poor child was dreaifully charred, and had no doubt set himself on fire by playing near the grate. The coroner summed up, and the jury returned a verdict of " Accidental death." COURT-MARTIAL —A court-martial was held yesterday on board the Victory, flagship, for the trial of Edward Carol!, A. 8., of her Majesty's ship Hawke, wait ing a passage on board the Victory to join his own ship, on charges preferred by Commander Bonham, as prosecutor, Ist, for striking Corporal William Poole in the execution of his duty in endeavouring to arrest him ; 2d, for resist ing the naval police in the execution of their duty. The Court was composed of Capt. Dickson, Trafalgar, president ; Capt. Powell, Defence ; Capt. Lord Gifford, Tribune ; Com mander Miller, Asia; and Commander Henderson, Megana —Eacting as officiating jud ge - a d voca t e. After Hoskins, a greatdeEsg.i al of evidence, which was, however, very conflicting, the prisoner was found guilty, and the Court sentenced him to be imprisoned with hard labour for three months in Winchester Gaol. It is gratifying to see that Prussians are show ing something like self-respect in the face of the KING'S proceedings and those of his Ministers. In this conntry we have known what it is for Whigs to be caught bathing while the Tories ran away with their clothes ; but in Prussia the Liberals have rather been garotted by his MAJESTY and his reactionists, and the reductions they desired to effect taken out of their hands by violence. The letter which was permitted to transpire, amidst feigned indignation, does not, however, appear to delude the country. The people see the prepa rations made for a temporary reduction of the army expenditure with pleasure, but they know who are the real authors of it. MORMON CONFERENCE IN LONDON.—On Sunday the 32d anniversary of the organisation of the Mormon community in America, the Mormons of London held their half-yearly conference gathering in St. George's Hall, Southwark. Three of the cc apostles"—Amasa Lyman, Charles C. Rich, and George D. Cannon —were on the platform. The hall was crowded to excess. In the evening at least 1,000 Mormons were present, with a stifling crowd of curious strangers within the railings in the street. The conference was called to order at three and 6 30, ad journing at 4 50, and concluding at 8 15. Elder Staines, in giving a report of his twelve months' presidency, stated that the conference was financially prosperous, had cleared off e debts a balance, after p rov idi ng f or a ll liabilities. 177 conv erts had contain ing now 243 child ren, an d 85 " saints" h a d em i gr ated nbaptised (x 75) inherited from the previous year, and , schools had been founded, to Utah. The number expected to leave this season could not be stated. 250 were announced as ready, but fresh accessions to the emigrant list were coming in daily, lead ing him (Elder Staines) to think that half the conference might go ere the season closed. Votes of confidence in the presiding authorities in Utah, in Europe, and in the metro polis were taken in the afternoon, the affirmative of each proposition being supported by a forest of right hands. Addresses were given in the afternoon by Elder Cannon, and in the evening by Elder Lyman. SPECIE FOR TUE EAST.— SOUTHAMPTON, April 12.—The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamship Ellora, sailing to-day, takes out in specie—bar silver, £43,860; bar gold, £20,000; gold, coin, £9,696; and sove reigns, 1,500, Better still—the Government has openly lectured its employes and officials of all classes on their duty to vote for Government deputies. The adviee was hardly veiled in seemingly forbearing language. But, of course, the civil service of a bureaucracy little needs information as to bow it must vote. Even the dockyards of a constitutional monarch here gene rally know who mast be their man. But the Minister, unwisely, included the Prussian Universities and High Schcols in the list to those to whom he sent his conge d'elire. German universities have often shown more political spirit than German boroughs, and the sending to them a letter, which implied t r in and Royalty; that they were in the same position as custom house or poli ce officers, roused their spirit. The Rector and Senat e of the Berlin University boldly , returned a " p ro t es t " against the circular, re marking that, th oug h sev en elections had occurred since 1848, no Mi n i s t er had attempted to inter fere with their liberties ; that they voted as ci ens,not as tea c h ers ; t h a t the present stru gg l e was properly describ e d a s o no between Demo cracy and if it were eo, still the mode adopted would not be the right one to decide it . LATEST NEWS Briefly, they think they shall be most loyal in • abiding by their own convictions, and not interfer ing with those of others, and they therefore decline compliance with the circular. The middle classes of Prussia seem to be generally alive to the crisis, and to the tricks of the reactionary Cabinet, and the prospect seems to be good of the people at the new elections supporting their old representatives. INDIA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIA. We have received, in anticipation of the Calcutta mail, files of papers from Calcutta to the Bth of March ; Madras, 14th of March ; Hongkong, Ist of March ; and Melbourne, 22d of February. We take the following from the Calcutta Eng lishman of the Bth of March:— " There is not much to report with regard to our markets either for imports or exports during the past week. There has been a decided, though slight, improvement in the piece goods market, and for some few days there was a fair amount of business done. The demand has, however, now relaxed, ani though no change of prices has been announced, yet the market is heavy at previous quotations, and but little business is the result. In exports it needs but a glance at the freight list to show the falling off in the amount of shipments. Freight for saltpetre is quoted at £3 ; rice, £3 ss. ; jute, £3 7s. 6d ; and linseed, £3 10s. to £3 12s. 6d. ; in fact, a fall of from 10s, to 15s. per ton all round. Money has been getting tight for some time past, and, though the Bank of Bengal did not raise its rates last Thursday, yet we believe the desire not to cause loss and inconvenience to the public generally had much to do with the decision of the directors. Possibly, too, the anticipated arrival of the bills drawn on the treasury here by the Home Go vernment, which would undoubtedly give greater ease to the money market, may have, in some mea sure, determined them to postpone for another week any rise in their rates. In exchange we can per ceive a tightness too, for the rates ruling for first class credit bills have throughout the week been 201. Document bills have been steady at 2.01. Contraotod, however, with the state of commercial affairs this time last year, we may well say—How great a change is here! Where hundreds were then disposed of, but tens are now sold. But we may fairly anticipate that matters will soon mend; and truly do the merchants here deserve a good time, for, with but two exceptions, they have come for ward and voluntarily made returns to the Chamber of Commerce of all the various piece goods con signed to them, and it was discovered from the returns so sent in that the market was by no means so overstocked as had been anticipated. Under these circumstances, we may fairly anticipate a good year for the importers of piece goods, which we sincerely wish them, though we greatly fear that the accounts which reach us by every mail, of enor mous shipments made from Liverpool, may tend to keep the market in its present state, We cannot look upon the action of home merchants in this in stance as otherwise than imminently suicidal. They have a prospect of improvement in the Indian mar kets, and that prospect they are rapidly losing by the way in which they are overstocking every mar ket in the East. The Produce Market is not very active, but the decline in freights has brought forward more buyers for several articles. Stocks, too, are light, and prices, therefore, are well maintained. There has been very little done in Government securities, and quotations are almost nominal. Money continues in some demand, and is reported to be tight in the bazaar. The Bank of Bengal made no change this week. Freights have declined materially since our last, and a further decline is expected. CHINA. We take the following summary from the Over land Friend of China of the Ist March : " The past fortnight is somewhat barren in news of interest both as regards China and Japan. " From Pekin there is no political intelligence; everything appears to be going on smoothly at the capital, and the Prince of Kung is the man of the day. It is very satisfactory to see the Chinese Government for the first time in the hands of a ruler who is friendly to foreigners, but it is much to be regretted that, notwithstanding the lapse of many months since the new Government was settled, no steps have been taken to prosecute the civil war with more vigour, and to restore prosperity to many a distracted and ruined province. It is true that nothing has been heard of the Northern rebellion for some time, but the likelihood is that it eats its way still in quarters beyond our means of commu nication. One thing is certain, that if any victory had been gained over the formidable bands that were last heard of at Che-foo, it would have been duly reported at Pekin ; instead of which, the Imperial army has scarcely been heard of since the capture of Nanking. The only exception to this has been in the case of a force of Imperialists under Colonel Ward, an American, who have lately been active in driving away a large body of rebels from a village in the neighbourhood of Woosung, where the latter had barricaded themselves. " The northern ports being still closed by ice, we have no reports reg, rding them. Her Majesty's gunboat Manilla (formerly Attalante) will shortly commence running between Tien-tsin and the south, with mails and despatches. Her Majesty's gunboat Hesper will complete the communication to Japan. " From Nanking reports have reached Shanghai that the inhabitants are in great straits for want of food, and are eating human flesh. This requires authentication. " Shanghai is still the centre of some alarm from the rebel forces, who are in possession of the entire province round about. The city continues under foreign protection ; the Imperial forces are nearly useless, and their employment seems to have been abandoned ; the foreign settlement is getting into a thorough state of defence, fortifications being erected, and a volunteer corps of horse and foot having been organised and got into a tolerable state of discipline." AUSTRALIA.. THE COLONY OF VICTORIA. We take the following from the " Summary for Europe " of the Melbourne , :rgus of the 22d of February ; "The history of the month centres in the Land Bill, now progressing through the Legislative As sembly. On the 4th inst. the second reading was affirmed, after a keen debate of four nights, by a majority of 38 to 26 in favour of the Government. "It is impossible to predict what may be the ultimate fate of the New Land Bill, but we may venture to believe that it will not be much altered in its progress through the two houses. And, for the first time in our history, there is at length something like a definite assurance that the land question will be settled in a legal, constitutional, and equitable manner. The passage of the bill will afford every possible encouragement to the im migrant, by placing at his choice the best lands of the colony, at R. moderate price, without competi tion ; and it is confidently expected that the next year will witness another great influx of population to our shores. The All-Eleven of England had beaten the Twenty-two of New South Wales by 49 runs. FRANCE. BOURSE, April 11.—The market continues in the same quiet but firm state, and prices are maintained at about the closing rates of yesterday. The Rail way Share Market remains firm, and quotations well supported. The following were the last quo tations :- 41 per per Cents ... 98 Do. end month.... -- 3 per Cents ...... 69 9 5 Do. end month.... 70 10 New 3 per Cents 69 10 Do. end month.... 69 20 Credit Mobilier.... 821 25 Do. end month.... 822 50 Bank Shares — Credit F oncier 1525 Belgian 4f Piedmoutese Fives. 63 Italian Loan 67 55 Austrian Spanish Threes.. Homo Debt RAILWAYS• Cash. Account. O r l eanh 1270 --.. 1265 Northern New ditt0............ Lyons and. Mediterranean 1133 1 3 1 9 3 0 2 _5O Geneva ................ 390 -- Southern ............ 50 800 Western .............. 540 550 Eastern ..... °' •• • 59 7 50 .. 592 50 Sardinian .....• Austrian Lombard 573 76 .. 570 _MISS GLLN'S READING. -EUSTON STATION INSTITUTIaiY. This celebrated actress last night gave a reading in the magnificent meeting room of the North- Western Railway Station to the members of the Library and Literary Institution of this railway. The room was well attended, and the deepest atten tion was paid to the impressive and elaborate read ing of Miss Glyn. The play chosen was Shake speare's Macbeth, and all the varied grandeur and stupendous power of the mighty drama were ably intimated by the reader, trying and arduois as the task is of keeping up the energetic utterance de manded from such a variety of impulsive characters as the play comprises. Of course so judicious an actress and reader as Miss Glyn knows where to bestow her power, and takes care to bring out into high relief the greatest scenes. She was fine in all that related to Lady Macbeth, that being one of her finest stage perso nations. In the murder scene she gave the horror and remorse of Macbeth with great force, and sub, dued her audience to the most intense admiration, followed by applause of the most impulsive kind. To sustain such a play is a very severe task, but Miss Ellyn completely mastered it, and carried her hearers with her to the very end, when she received from all the complimentary admiration and applause she had so well earned. WEST COAST OF AFRICA, LIVERPOOL, APRIL 11. The African Royal Mitil steamer Athenian, Capt. Lowry, arrived here this morning from the west coast of Africa, Teneriffe, and Madeira. Her dates are Benin, Feb. 24 ; Cameroons, March 1; Old Calabar, 3 ; Fernando Po, 4 ; Brass River, Nun, and Bonny, 7 ; Lvgos, 10 ; Accra, 12 ; Cape Coast Castle, 14 ; Cape Palmas, 16 ; Sierra Leone, 21 ; Bathurst, 25 ; Teneriffe, April 1 ; and Madeira, 3. Among the passengers by this vessel are President Benson, of Liberia, and his son. Advices from Bonny are very unsatisfactory, and the trade at that port was exceedingly dull, while at nearly all the trading ports on the various rivers there was a general depression in trade. At Bonny, the dulness in commerce was caused principally by the unsettled state of affairs between the people of that place and the natives of Ebae. There was, up to the time of the departure of the steamer from that port, a good deal of fighting going on between the two parties at a place called Umabager. This town is so situated over a narrow pass in the river, that all communications are cut off with the Eboe fairs. The people of Bonny had been defeated at Umaba ger, and canoes were arriving daily at the former place, filled with killed and wounded. King Pepple, of Bonny, was in the enjoyment of good health, but he had taken no active part in the strug. gle going on between his people and those of Eboe. By this mail he has written home to appoint a gentleman in London as his consul at a salary of £5OO pr annum. He has also applied to a lady well known for her oharity (understood to be Miss Burdett Coutts) for a loan of £20,000, to be devoted to the building of churches at Bonny, He states that he is desirous that one of the missionary so cieties should send him out two clergymen to offi ciate as his chaplains. Our readers may possibly remember that the previous news from this sable monarch stated that his English attendants had been so disgusted with the King and his Queen, that they all left him (most of them, without their salaries), the habits of these two royal personages being such as to sicken the most anti-fastidious of their European officials. The slave trade on the coast is described as being as brisk as ever, and in many instances the number of slaves shipped from Wydah and the adjacent ports have far , surpassed the shipments made in the palmy days of the African slave trade. The Spanish ship Manuel Orliz had been cap. tured as a slaver, and taken into Cape Coast Castle. At present there does not appear any prospect of getting cotton from the windward districts of the Gold Coast settlements. In the eastern districts, however, a movement of much importance has been made. The Basil Mission Society had caused gins and a press to be fixed at Kooring, on the banks of the Volta, and as cotton was already grown in some quantities by the tribes on the opposite bank of the river, hopes were entertained that there would soon be the commencement of a cotton trade in that di rection which will ultimately lead to great results, There had been an outbreak in Aquapim ; several persons had been killed, among whom were the son of the King, and Olutu, a chief next in rank to the King. A Cape Coast correspondent states that every department of the local government except the re venue department was more or less disorganised, and that the administration of justice was more impure than it had ever been during 25 years. Sometimes juries were kept waiting a whole day for the judge, and on one occasion a jury was kept two days, and he did not appear. Great anxiety was felt for the arrival of a new Chief Justice or the return of Chief Justice Corner. The Hon. Major Cochrane, who commanded the troops on the Gold Coast, went out in the Ethiope, and was to return to England in the same vessel. The cause of this was, that the major objected to the interference of Governor Andrews in the details of military duty, and the Governor in consequence took the extraor dinary step of removing Major Cochrane from the command, and ordering Captain Bronnell to take his place. The Gold Coast press has become so obnoxious to the government that they have made a desperate attempt to put it down. T 11.1? OIL WELLS IN CANADA. The last Canadian papers show that the supplies from the oil wells constitute an increasing topic of attention throughout the province. As the quanti ties are apparently illimitable, freight is the grand question for consideration, and the Toronto Globe points out that the real abundance of the article will not be manifested in Europe until special facilities for transport and shipment are brought into opera tion. In the instance of refined oil the:e are no particular difficulties; but the refining process can be carried on more economically and extensively on this side, and the object therefore is to contrive means for the cheap transport of the crude material. In that state its smell is so offensive that grain flour, or other articles carried in trucks or vessels in which it has previously been stowed become damaged, and there is consequently a general indisposition to take it except at very high rates. A class of tank vessels will therefore probably have to be created for the purpose. " A vessel," it is observed, " that carries one load of petroleum is fit for no other business save coal, iron, timber, or other article which cannot be spoilt by the odour." Still, even at the high rates at present paid for both land and sea freight, it is calculated that the price is sufficient to yield a good profit to the owners of the flowing wells, who are at no expense for pumping. The value o f the petroleum, landed at Liverpool, is about sists i s. of per the gallon, and nearly the whole of this in Canada s en charges for transport ; while the is thattbe re und dee e u ra d n organisedto2dper gallon, or even lower. system these charges might extension A o t f o t n h e e o tr f ad th e is, there fore,e flowing beyond latio. The room forenalnenn wells the oil rises from a depth of 234 feet, at the rate of 25 barrels, or about 1,000 gallons per hour, and much of it is allowed to run to waste from the inadequacy of the supply of barrels, and of the other means to store it. At another well the suppl y i s alleged to hav e poured forth at the rat e o f 7 0,000 gallons a-day uninterruptedly, except when the opening is plugged, since the 16th of January last. A third well exists of similar capacity, and the other wells which require labour or machinery for pumping are innumerable. The latter, however, at present prices, do not pay for working, since the proprietors of the flowing wells are of course ready to part with their produce at rates which are little more than nominal. The United States' wells in Pennsylvania are equaii.y,, if not more extensive, and the quantities of oil seeking transport to New York and Boston are said to be far beyond the pre sent carrying power of the Atlantic and Erie Rail vi ays. Under the circumstences, the preparation of a sufficient rolling stock, and the completion of the short links which are to bring the districts into direct connection respectively with these lines in the United States and with the Great Western in Canada, Will b e awaited with general interest. I THE CONVERCIAL TREATY BETIVIRE.Y ERA CR AND PRUSSIA. The Stern-Zeitung, which is a semi-official organ of the Pt ussian Government, publishes the follow ing analysis of the treaty of commerce recently concluded bet veen France and Prussia : The treaties and tariffs drawn up and concluded by the plenipotentiaries of France and of Prussia, consist of a treaty of commerce and of navigation; of a convention relative to the customs dues to be paid on international traffic by railways ; of another convention for the reciprocal guarantee of literary and artistic property ; finally, of two supplements on the tariffs. The essential enactments of the treaty of com merce may be thus condensed : All merchandise coming from the Zollverein, or belonging to, or fabricated in, countries belonging to the Customs Union, shall be admitted into France by land and by sea, whether it comes under the flag of France, or under the flag of one of the States of the Zollverein, on payment of the stipulated dues.. The same stipulations will be made for French me 7.7- chandise on entering Germany. Merchandise of the Customs Union (Zollverein), imported by Hanseatic ports on the Elbe and Weser, or by Belgian and Swiss railways, will be consi-- dered as imported directly. The two Governments abolish the export dues. An exception will only be made for France as re gards rags and driltes serving for the fabrication of paper, and for old rope, upon which there will remain a duty of 12f. and 14f. per kilogramme ; the Zollverein, on its part, will establish a duty of 1 thaler on old rope per custom-house quintal. Spirits of wine and varnish of spirits of wine will pay, on their entry into France, in addition to the dues fixed in Tariff A—the first a duty on French consumption of 90f. per hectolitre of spirits of wine, and the varnish 90f. per hectolitre for the spirits of wine contained in the varnish. The following articles will also pay a supplementary duty : Chemical productions, glass, articles of glass, inso much as the French Government shall not have: abolished the duty established in France upon the salt necessary for their fabrication. These supple mentary duties shall be suppressed or diminished when the premiums for exportation actually exist- , ing in prance shall be in their turn suppressed or diminished. Merchandise of every description, coming from one of the two countries and entering into the other can never be subjected to a duty of superio r cou sumption than that establisher!, on similar produce of national fabrication. The wines of France, brandies, and the corps, Bras, which have already paid the entrance dues, shall be exempt from any other duty established by one of the States of the Zollverein, by the communes and corporations. Merchandise imported from France by laid and by the frontier shall be admitted into the States of the Zollverein at the same duty as if entered by sea and under the French flag. Merchandise co-al ing from the Zollverein and entering France by land, shall be admitted on paying the same eAuty as that established upon articles imported under the French flag. The origin or the fabrication of the merchandise imported must be indicated to the Custom house Department of the respective country by means of official documents emanating from the local autho rities, or from Consuls acting for the country for which the merchandise is destined. The value of the articles destined for exportation shall be deter— mined by the price of the article in the country of its origin, adding thereunto the cost of transport, insurance and commission, to the town where the importation takes place. Should the Custom-house authorities deem the value declared insufficient. they are authorised to purchase the article at the price declared, adding 5 per cent. The transit dues are suppressed in both countries. The French Government will maintain only the' prohibition of the transport of gunpowder, and re— serves to itself the right of authorising specially the transport of munitions of war. The subjects of the contracting parties will enjoy in the two countries on their voyage and return the same advantages as nationals ; they may purchase or rent houses, warehouses, or any other real estate (immobiles), on the same terms as subjects of either country. Commercial travellers —recognised in France as such—may carry on their business throughout the whole of the Zollverein without pay ing a commercial tax. Zollverei❑ commercial travellers will enjoy the same privilege in France. A reciprocal protection is assured to the designa tion and ticketing of merchandise, bales, samples, and manufacture marks. The conditions of the Treaty of Commerce are ,Also applicable to Algeria, both as regards importation and exportation. As regards future changes in the tariffs or other ameliorations, the two contracting parties assure themselves mutually the rights of the most favoured nations. The treaty is concluded for a term of twelve years, dating from the day o f its ratification, and it' it is not given up twelve months before the expiration of that term it will remain in force until one year has passed, dating from the day' that one of the contracting parties has given it up. Should the Zollverein be disaolved — before the above-mentioned period, the reciprocal engagements enumerated in the treaty will cease e.t the same time as the treaties concluded between the different States of the Zollverein. .AN ENGLISH WELCOME TO FOREIGNERS. A foreigner, in a letter to a contemporary, says: —I shall feel very much obliged by your kindly giving publicity to the following remarks, as they are but too well founded in truth. lam one of the passengers that arrived last night from Hamburg by the Berlin steamer, belonging to the General Steam Navigation Company, and I have bitterly to complain of the manner in which I, for one, have been treated on going ashore at St. Katharine's wharf. A pack of vagabonds in nobody's service suddenly take possession of the steamer, and press their services in the most insolent manner. You find no regular porter in the company's service with number to mark him, and are therefore compelled, after some hesitation and remonstrance, to give 'IP your luggage to be taken from board the steamer. You ask, "Have you got a cab for me ?" " Yes, ' sir." You follow your man through the squalid buildings where the Gravesend Customs officers check the marks, and there you are. Arrived out side the building, you find yourself in a narrow street, badly lighted ; no:policeman within eye sight ; a few cabs, but none for you. The rascal puts down your luggage on the opposite pavement at some distance from the cabs, and insolently de mands his remuneration. You decline, of course, saying that he has not accomplished his part of the duty he undertook, and request him to get you e• cab. He will do no such thing. You try to take your things under your protection, and to reach one of the cabs which appears to be disengaged i ohuatufsoersi°*c assistancevle e' an ag d imaie n l s a ta s his d robber; u due. hoYoisu there e ar o heedat ensues, y t ou? Dur awo i r n k g hmtane from passesd dispute u by t ' 3 , who says that you are right and the fellow wrong' tie once more takes your trunk, &c., on his shoul der, and passes on towards Tower-hill. Arrived half-way between this latter place and the docks' he puts down your things in the street, and there you are. What wi.ll you do ? Half-past ten o'clock at night, dark street, no police officer , no cab, alone, a stranger ! Really, this i s toe bad. I did n o t fi n i s h m y narrative. have to add that fortunately a cab, with three or four persons i ns ide, came by at tha t critical moment, and they, s eeing there was some thing wrong, offered to take me up. I gave the fellow without name and n umber ls., thinking that sufficient for such a service. He returned it to nie with these words, "I makeyou a present of it; mY pay is 35." Tired as I was, I gave him the 3iig , glad to escape one of the worst ruffians in the world. I write rrh e waterside because a have heard of much wo rse accident s w hi c h have befallen others, lad ies es p eciall y . If this happ ens one who for t he third time visi ts London, xvbe must be the ca se with such as arr i ve for t h e carol time ? I shu dder to think of it, practicenge is imperiously nee d e d. 1 is a disgrace t o Lundell; I)iti Diti Cops° Exch( 4(xic 4 , l :Jape r , on Ito th( 11r elle( Sto( but 11 10 r li Da i 334. - , havE dittc are T 1 TI very Verie and 1 Telex l'erela Batik hper ,per eW Ditt India biti bit' ;Diti ..oiti vitt Grena bitt Ditl S A ani: bit Ditt 'but c h COL 'so ID Ufr °4B ll till ash E C e pit L ewq e ser N ew rofit ta w "otes