The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1822-12-11 00:00:00

1 MI I Ji .` ~). 111 'coming a gnorantee hereafter; bat ■t present it would be itself without a guarantee, as well as with out power. The mass of persona who take a part in politics in Spain is at present composed of three classes; or, saute properly speaking, there are in that country three democracies, naturally distinct. The first consists of the beneficed clergy and the monks; this class is the Item friendly tothe existing Constitution, but it is not favourable to any other power than its Own—it inclines ins great degree towards • repub lican theocracy. Merchants form the second clan probably indifferent as to the political instituti hut decidedly opposed to military occupations. The third class is composed of the liberal nobles, mili tary officers, lawyers, end of all persons who are ac tively connected with the present state of things. The rest of the notion have no political ideas. I mistake; they possess one which prompts them to shoot or stab every foreigner who would attempt to ruler their country in • hostile manner. Now, frame wise, well-balanced constitutions for a people thus strange to the manners and social state of other European nations. The best consti tution will not put an end to peril's., or conspi racies, nor to the furious contests of parties. Some persons, doubtless full of erudition, pro pose to re-establish the ancient Cortes of Castile stud Arraguo. This proposition has been favour ably received by all that party who are desirous of turd interference; but to induce its abandon ineiit, it is sufficient to point out that the old as srutbt•es of eflrtes (that of Arregon 'specialty) tio.sessed a still more eitteneive power than their actual successors ; and that the famous oath of the Amigoneve, " If not, not," is a principle of in surrsction far more popular and dangerous thou the obstract thrones set out in the constitution of Charters, ancient or modern—theories, good or evil—these filings have no power to cure the fever of civil commotion. Fore—wisdom—them are necessary ; but where shall we look for them in ■ •ation agitated—dia 'meted ; in a nation which foreign invasion may drier to acts of irremediable fury ? Take the case so we easy, any central power esta blished at Madrid by the assistance of foreigners would infallibly be met with opposition in the provinces; and that opposition in the present moral state of Spain, will never have to look far fur men d:snoted to rush to the field with muskets on their sl.oulders. We sill add, too, that we have hope from the character and from the spirit of the Spanish notion, which did not commence a revolution to establish anti-monarchical institutious—to crush the throne and the existing dynasty; but which, having taken ap arms to defend its lawful Sovereign against a usurper, found itself compelled by events to create a tciastitution tor itself by way of rallying point— s provisional constitution, of which it foresaw the defects, and which it reserved to itself the right of revising. Fill the Royalists forget that Cadiz was the La Vendee of Spam) Shall we despair of see ing those who defended their legitimute rulers against Bonaparte, correct, of themaelver, those excesses which have not originated in their plan of revolution, but to which the coincidence of circum stances only has given birth ? DUTCH PiiPERS. HAGUE, DECIMilig 6. Our accounts from Frankfo►t say, that the Aus trians Government had received news of a very bate dote from Turkey, from which it appears that the elate of Constantinople daily becomes more alarming. In Peru, where the Ambassadors reside. great apprehensions were entertained since the pub lication of the order of the Sultan, by which all the Tusks ■re again summoned to take up arms. The dangers are incalculable to which the Franks will be exposed, if the people of Constantinople should be armed; the greatest excesses would cer tainly he committed in the city, nod the Jsuissaries would hardly fail to join the populace, iu order to plunder and murder the Christians. The Emperor of Austria having ordered some districts of Croatia to be restored to the kingdom of finngary, which were divided from it by the Peace of Vienna, a deputation has been sent to Vienna to thank the Emperor for this proof of his favour. Letters from Odessa say that the Persian army, which had advanced as far as &serum, had been obliged to retreat for want of provisions. It was also reported that troubles had broken out in the southern provinces of Persia, and that the Court of Teheran bad need of troops to restore tranquillity. The letters from Verona of the 22c1 say. " The Ministers of the great Powers have been constantly occupied in their last conferences with the differ. vices between Russia and Turkey. Their delibe. rations are the more important, as it appears that Baron Sturmer has sent official news that the Porte lias revolved to keep all its troops on the war esta blishment during the 'rioter, which proves that it fear. the decisions of the Congress may be of a nature to cause a rupture with Russia. " The Grtek DepUties.are still neighbour hood, and it is not known what answer the Minis ters have resolved to make to their application to be admitted to the Congress."--(Datrh Papers, De cember 7.1 HAMBURGH PAPERS. STOCKHOLM. NOVIIIIIIII 19. We have received the official news that his Majesty intended to leave Christiania yesterday. Preparations a►e making to receive hit Royal 11,,litiess the Crown Prince in the most Battering manner. It is probable that mooy persons belong ing to the Royal Court in Norway will spend the winter here with their families, and, air the Diet seill'he assembled, the capital will he very full and lively. His Majesty is expected here on the 27th The Committee for the Steam Boats, which was intended for au eery, reariniable, and constant com intinscat.on between St. Petershurgh, Stockholm, and the cartel", coasts it the Baltic and Copenha gen, and thence to Ilulland (between -which and England regular steam-boats are already establish ed), has given notice to the subscribers that ui.lare ahrl/ obstacles prevent fur the reseal the execution el - Ibe phut. PONEMIVISI ge. The prohibition int% hittiy liven rcutmvetl, to give . 77". X_ - t R'"+' , k .4 away, or sell at reduced prices in' the Austrian Slates, Bibles of the English or German Bible So. cieties. The prohibition is directed expressly against the Bohemian Bibles, printed at Berlin. The Bible■ belonging to the Bible Society at Pres bu rg, which has been dissdatql, are still sequestrated. BERLIN. movntsee 4111. On the 13th the two young Greek Princes, Alex. ender Denteirin. mud Throphanes ;Monti, arrived at Warsaw from Odessa. ST. PETERSBUROB, NOVEMBER 13. The roads have become so bad that the foreign mails now a►rive 24 hour. later than WWII. On the 10th of October the fourth part of the vassals in Livonia received their personal freedom, recording to the resolution of • Committee ap pointed fur the purpose. The other three-fourths will obtain the same right in succession, to that in 1813 the vassalage of the peutunts in Livuoia will be %hulk liboliblird. The News is full of ice, and all the bridges taken down. The navigation may be couvidered us closed for this season. ALGIERS, OCTOBER 7. The Regency still persists in claiming a sum of six or seven millions of hard piastres. which Spain i. stated to have promised to Algiers in the peace of 1784. Notwithstanding the difference of times and circumstances, it still hopes to obtain at least a considerable part of the sum. HANOVER, NOVEMBER 28. His Royal Highness the Duke of CAMBRIDGE arrived here this morning in good health. niassualik imam& 3. Encbroge on I.oodon-36 5f 36 ei. BAYONIvit PAPERS. BAYONNE, DECEMBER 2. The news brought by the French mail the night before last excited as much alarm irs the preceding; fur not only • great number of private letters, but all the mercantile correspondence, spoke of war as probable. The paper currency has fallen 3 per cent. in four days, and the loans five or six ; but no thing seems to intimidate the Liberals. The Mi nistry, however, it is said, is much embarrassed, because the want of money is sensibly felt iii all the departments of the Administration, and the decline of the Spanish Funds abroad dory not facilitate the contract for the new Loan, with out which the operations in Catalonia may be im peded. Among other reports circulated respecting the measures to he adopted is case of a foreign ag gression, is, that the King and the Royal Family would he removed to Seville. and a Provisional Regency established at Madrid: however, let what will happen, there is no reason to fear that he will be sacrificed by die Liberals; but we must not be surprised if he should be replaced by a regency, espe cially if Spain should be forced into a foreign war. The majority of the Cortes and the Ministry agree on this point. and such a measure would be ap proved not only by the Clubbista.. but by a great part of the nation, which has ceased to feel much interest in the Sovereign. His people do not for get the benefits and the misfortunes which they owe to the Monarchs, and it must be confessed that Ferdinand. whe by judicious measurer might have made the Spanish nation Nippy, has in a great measure to thank his own imprudence for the criti cal situation in which himself and his people are placed. Many remarkable changes have taken place in the office of the Ministers of War and of the Interior; twelve persons base been removed, and firm Liberals put in their places. Zsldtvar entered Übrique on the lid), where he took prisoners thirty Coustitutionalists, whom he caused to be immediately shot. On the 14th he attacked Ronda with 100 horse and 150 foot ; his object was to release the prisoners in that place, bat the Military Commandant caused them to be shot on a vain pretext. It is said be has seine been defeated, but it seems the allow was trifling, as lie lost only seven or eight men. It is feared he may disturb the tranquillity of all Andalusia, which to already full of banditti. PAWS PIPERS. PARIS, DECEMBER 8. Yesterday the King ga►e a pri►ate audience to General Puss° di Borgo, the Russian Ambassador. lotelligeoce from Bayoone, of November 90, says : g , The courier from Madrid is not yet arrived. 6 4 Letters from Iran, of the 2811), state that several guerilla parties, recently organised, intercept the communications. " We still continue in a warlike attitude ; all the disposable stores are taken for the supply of the army ; a fresh convoy is expected to arrive by sea from Rochfo►t. A considerable number of Spanish emigrants arrived here yeste►day. A French fri gate and brig of war have made their appearance off Cadiz, which has excited a greet sensation there " A slight engagement has taken place between the troops of the Royalists and the Patriots, at Villarcal-d'A lava ; the latter were roughly handled, and obliged to return to St. Andero and Bilboa, from whence they had sallied. The division Gut?. gent, of the Army of the Faith, in Navarre, has passed the Ebro, and penetrated into the country of Riossa."—(Quotidiessae.) According to the general rumour there is a vio lent struggle in the Administration between the partisans of war and of peace: the latter appear to have gained grouud. The Etoik would induce one to suppose the contrary, but that Journal is not allowed to he paci6c.-IConstitsaionael.l Count Alexis de Noaillea, Aide-de-Camp to las Royal .Highutaa Monsieur, arrived at Bourdeaux on the 3d. _ The Sieur Dardonville, author of an essay, en titled Jose lieflections upon Treason, has been sentence d by um Royal Court to be imprisoned one mouth, and to pay a fine of 500 francs. The case was heard or an appeal by the King's Attor ney-General front the sentence of the Correctional Tribunal, by which the &cur Dardonville had been acquitted. The Sicur Michelot, responsible editor of The Miroir, was sentenced by the Tame Corti to be im• prisoued three months, and to pay a fine or 1.000 francs, for libels on the King's person, the royal dignity, and on religion. COURT *O . F CASS/ITION, Drentbsa 7, AFFAIR OF TFIE FOUR 3OURNALS. After deliberating for three hours, the Court prondunced their judgment. They were of opinion that there was no room fur proceeding at present against Veiledlon. With respect to Cassano, Guise, and Legracieux, the Court annulled the decrees of the Court of Assize on the nth, 13th, and 26th of September last, and referred the Pri sonr►s to be proceeded against, at the suit or the Attorney-General, before the Hot►l Court of Paris, or on any other process which [night be directed ogriust them before the Court of /Curiae of the department of the Somme. Furriest Futons—Fi•e per teals. fite.s Bank Stock, 1,620 f. FRONTIERS OF SPAIN. PLITCIIIIII, NoviNemt 25. We learn from Seo d'Urgel, that on the 4.3 d and 24th a detachment of Miaa's army, from three to four hundred strong, made their appearunce before the town, and demandtd provisions, with which they were supplied. In the afternoon of the 24th 11r - imago's ordered a sally to be made, which was ultended with success. Two companies from the fort entered the town, and repulsed the Constitu tionalists, who had not even time to curry off the provisions they had obtained. This success raised the courage of the garri.on. It is also announced that an action has taken place in the rear of Mins, where the divisions of Mose- Antonio and Mimi are stationed, and that the latter have made about en hundred prisoners. Baron d'Erolles, who, on the 24. h, had left and advanced beyond Reiser, has called in all the cavalry that were at Puycerda end in Cer dagne. We are in expectation of the result of the events which occur in the environs of Hippo,. A movement is said to have taken place at Valencia, but there is nothing positive on this subject. PIMPIGNAN, NOVEMBEI 27. Generals Curial and Vasserot are not yet return. ed. The head-quarters of the latter are at Coro', the extreme frontier. The greater part of the troops forming the first corps of observation are upon the line. AIX, NOVIMIBEIL 28. Our town has been crowded for some days past with a great number of priests and emigrant% amongst whom is the Bishop of Urge!. A part of the Andorre has been evacuated. This district has been respected by the Constitutionalists. lONS, Novinessa 25. The health of the Holy Father is better• than ever. M. Itelinsky, the Russian Ambassador, is arrived, and orders have been given to resume and hasten the preparations which had been in progress for the reception of the Emperor Alexander. Meantime our politicians ere reorganising Italy in their own way : they give Benevento to the King of Naples, in exchange for Aquila, contiguous to the States of the Pope ; the principality of Lucca to the Grand Duke of Tuscany ; Modena to the King of Piedmont ; and Sardinia to the Order of Malta. The Ring of Pruuia continues his excursions. He set out on the 191 h, and viewed the country from Frescati to Velletri, where he slept; the next day he visited the fortifications of Gaeta, and passed the night at Mola. His Majesty will return here in the beginning of December. The funeral ceremonies of Canova are deferred till the Gth of next month. They will be repeated fur three days in succession. The lost will of the modern Phidias is not yet known. It is probable his heirs will gain nothing more than the honour of having belonged to him, since it is asserted that the whole of his property will not meet the fourth part of the expense of the church he was building at Passagus, his native place. The fine statue of Piety will be placed there. The proportions of the building are immense; the pillars which are to orna ment it are of the same dimensions u those of the Pantheon at Rome. There will not be • remnant of Canova's works. The English have purchased, and will enrich London with all that were in his workshop. _ _ ST. PETRI/680E0U, NOVEMBER 15. The Conservaieur Impartiul, under the head of Vienna, ha• the following paragraph :—" All are agreed in declaring that the Congress of Verona will form a memorable epoch in the annals of Eu rope. Whatever resolutions may be ;Mooed there, their object will be to render monarchical princi ples sacred in Europe, and to strengthen the Holy Alliance." MADRID, 111011E1IBER 29. The Government is pursuing, with great ac tivity, its system of purification in all offices; every individual suspected only of lukewarmness towards the constitutional system is removed without mercy. it has been proposed in several secret assemblies of the Revolutionists, that, in the event of a foreign invasion, the King should be conveyed to Seville, and an executive Regency installed at Madrid, by which means his sanction to the decrees of the Cortes might be dispensed with. It is. they say, the obstinate refusal of the King to sanction the decrees against conspirators, and relative to the opening of clubs, which would oblige the nation to proceed to such an extremity. Certainly the Revo. luttoniits will not be wanting in pretexts for getting rid of the shadow of royal authority, which imposts some restraint upon them.—Nactidierme.j TO THE PUBLIC. Tar Batumi Paw hating been transferred into the hands of new Proprietors, they feel it a duly incumbent an them, while they announce the clumsy*, respectfully to address a few observations to the Public generally, but more especially to those who continue to honour this Journal trills their patronage. Of its future manage ment prudence dictates a cautious silence. Excited ex pectation may issue in disappointment. Experience has evinced the folly of splendid professions and pompous promises. An intelligent English Public will estimate the merit of every Journal by its intrinsic worth. This is the only infallible criterion of desert ; and to this test the Conductors of Tun BRITISH Palle mud, in common with other Journalists, submit to appeal. If to aspire to public approbation were to deserve it— if to be ambitions of success were to attain it, they are confident that their most sanguine anticipations would be amply realised. But hopes and desires, if unaccompanied with exertions effective of their object, they are well aware, must be fruitless and usiewailing. Reluctant, hoverer, as they ars to stake professions and promisee, they feel they should be chargeable nith treachery to the cause which it is their ambition to espouse, if they omitted to express, im the most emphatic terms, their zealous attachment to the interests of civil and religions liberty ; their dread and detestation of all rash and violent innovation; and their unalterable determination to advocate those principles of constitu tional Reform, wherever it is required, by which economy may be promoted, our representative sys. tem improved, and that political freedom extended and secured, which every Briton feels to be his most in valuable pertinent', and which he is, by Use most eacred obligations, bound to assert and defend as kis indefeasible inheritance. THE BRITISH PRESS. LON DON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBZR 11, 1822. THE TRIUMPH. We have this day to cong►atulate oar readers upon the greatest and most gratifying triumph which our hearts could wish. It is not the petty triumph of a righteous advocate over a base sophist —it is not the rare triumph of an enlightened and liberal party over their servile and cunning oppo nents—it is not the splendid triumph of ao insulted nation over their insolent invaders—bat, far higher than all, it is the triumph of the good genius of mankind over the malignant spirit of domination. The war th►eatened against Spain is abandoned, and the good work of revolution is confessed by despotism to be unassailable, irresistible, perma nently triumphant. llere are the words of the meanest creature in the ranks of the Serviles:—" In stead of discouraging the Revolutionists in Spain, or in any other country, she (France) would give them additional effrontery and spirit." She would in deed, and she has done it. The unfortunate med dler with the English 'enrage who writes in the Courier evidently meant " courage" by " effron tery," both words implying, in his estimation, very disagreeable attributes. With this emendation, we agree with him, and we rejoice to think that the Revolutionists have received additional courage and spirit from their enemies. The Congresses of Lay- Inch and Verona have deliberated and puzzled their sovereign brains to frenzy concerning the re volution which Spain dared to achieve—they work ed themselves up to the fury of darkly bruiting war—they swaggered as became their station, and commissioned France, their humble vassal, to chas tise the " insolent" and " ferocious" dealers in Spa nish revolution. Then France looked big with her high charge, reasoned very wisely, as became her fame, upon danger present and consequences re mote, upon sovereign sympathy sod democratical contagion, upon matters contingent and matters necessary, upon peace as worse thou death and war as determined. Messengers at the heels of messen gers coursed their way to Madrid with denuncia tions dire if the Cones would not forthwith abjure the abominations of revolution, constitution, and liberty. Rung the welkin with the wild alarm; but ere the bearers of the wrath of Congress could cross the Pyrenees, the oracular sages of Paris and of Loudon are compelled to revoke the spell, and to proclaim aloud the inviolability of sacred revo lution. Thus it really is :—The Journal des Debate of Sunday is made to preach peace with all the fervour of penitence and mortification. The Noniteur did the same in effect before. The luckless Courier of the English Stock Exchange did it yesterday. It is impossible to entertain a moment's doubt of the truth, both positive and authorised, of the pacific dissertations. War will not be attempted, was never intended, and is utterly beyond the grasp of policy or of madness. We will not de scend to the little vaunting. of vanity and stay that we had always thought so, and repeatedly inferred so from solid frets, though we might indulge such vanity far more reasonably than any of our contemporaries. We early expressed our conviction that France. herself unwilling. was goad ed by the Congress to threaten war, and we dia. einctly repeated our deliberate opinion that the threat was all a trick. It is not, however, for such inv;gnificant congratulations that we now revert to the 'abject, but for a fair loftier and more lasting purpose. Here, at length, we have found a spot for the patriot to regard with complacency, for the philan thropist to repose on with delight, for the sanguine dreamer of interminable improvement to encircle with his admiration as the chosen land of liberty. For the first time in the annals of human society we see a great nation new-model her institutions, and mein• trio them iu the face of the world without the ne cessity of defending them by war against any neighbouring nation. Beheading a monarch, o f rejecting his distant authority and assuming bide. peadence, are coarse and vulgar achievements. The grand work of revolution is to make the monarch abjure his savage privileges, and learn his duties ;a,. a member of a civilized community. See Feint. N•ND, then, in the revolutionary school; hear him pronounce—" I swear to maintain the free courtitu. Lion devised by the nation," and be convinced the unprecedented magnitude of the prevent pro ceedings in Spain. These things were attempted in France, but they were at once interrupted by the sanguinary deeds of war. Yet the revolution in Spain is incomparably more important, because general intelligence, and especially the knowledge and the estimation of political rights, ■re infinitely more diffused throughout Europe. Why, then, is Spain unmolested ? The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Pyrenees are mighty bulwarks, and sufficient to appal any assailants but the armies of the ma narchical principle : but they farm not the main security of the Spanish revolution. The impregnable barrier which renders Spain in accessible has been provided, built up, and con solidated by the very despots who now growl on its outer side, and grind their teeth in despair. The state of France constitutes the strength of Spain. The state of France is so singularly and so elabo rately factitious and unnatural, that we must be lieve Divine Providence to have designed it fur the dismay of oppressors and the protection of revolt'. tioniats. The nation, enlightened, high-minded, brave, tad free, are obliged by the leagued despot. of Europe to bear the government of an odious and weak family, who doat on all that is con temptible in absolute power, and all that is ridi culous in superstitious solemnities. It is literally s palace of glows; cast but one stone and it is gone for ever. It is not iu madness then to march fo reign troops through France in this iitiators! state; but much lets is it in madness to march French troops, full of contempt for the imbecil/ea whom they indignantly obey, and full of hallowed recollections of victory, and glory, and conquest, when their King was a nameless emigrant—into the romantic land of Spain, to combat the com panions of Watbluorom, the successful expellers of French invaders, and the glorious liberators of their own country from domestic bondage. The anxious guardians of the monarchical principle have thus prepared Spain for the theatre of revo lution, and France for its bulwark. The garden of the Hesperides is the nursery of revolution, highly cultivated, walled round about against every noxious blast, and fully secured from all annoy. once. Thus is the ground of oar triumph, for dile we rejoice, upon this we cordially congratulate the friends of freedom and of man. re Deun lustelareus. We had intended to say something of the mean ing of revolution, and of its English reputation. for the benefit of young gentlemen who have not fully learnt the English language, and who are misled by French sciolists into a notion that it im• plies any thing dangerous to good government or to upright morals, but we have not room on the pre• sent occasion. We may perhaps take another op portunity of doing this good service to our youth• ful patriots. PRISON DISCIPLINE.-IM PROYESIENTS BY THE CORTU. The meritorious exertions of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline have been long known to the public, and the Fourth Report, which Ina just been published by order of the Committee, reflects the highest credit on their activity and be nevolence. Whatever difference of opinion may exist es to the expediency of adopting a►►y specific system, with a view to effect the moral reformation of the criminal, no doubt can be entertained that the most important benefits have resulted from the indefatigable labours of this valuable association. While their benevolence and philanthropy have gained them the thanks of every friend to hums• nity, it is most gratifying to observe the judgment and good sense which mark all their proceedings. " The proper cod of human punishment," gar Dr. PA LEY, " is not the satisfaction of justice, bu the prevention of crimes." By the satisfaction t , justice, he means "the retribution of so much psi, for so much guilt." Hence it follows that pens. inflictions should never be vindictive or unnecesss• rily cruel ; that the amendment of the crimins should be the principal object of legislative alien. Lion ; and that the measure of punishment shoulk be regulated by the character of the offence, the feelings of humanity, and the spirit of religion. The nature of the discipline recommended by the Committee is "a system of hard labour and regu• lar employment, of religious instruction and more restraint." Wherever these regulations have beer steadily enforced, the most beneficial consequences have resulted. The Committee strongly urge the necessity of classification, and the separation of the