The Sun. — London, England, 1862-04-04 00:00:00

111 4 1,44, 1 4: 4 •0 , •k• , - _ „ •111.3 r; • • 'F bROIr -1 4, TREATRE-R0 Y AL, HAYMARKET. .264ee, Mr. J. if. Ductstmm. THIS EVANING (94th time)OUß AMERICAN COUSIN. Lord Dundreary, Mr. Babe= As"renchard. Mr. Ruck stone. fter which a Hous e hold Picture, under Two Lights, nti A tled 'rm.;, WIFg'S PORTRAIT. Mr. Howe, Mr. W. Farren, Mrs. C. Young, dro. To concinde with FAMILY JARS. Commence a 7 iIoYAL LYCEUM TIIEAT Jilt; Manager--Mr. Edmund Falconer. 1' II IS EVENING, 122 d time of the new and original Drama entitled, PEEP O'DAY or, Savourneen Deelish. Mel ssrs Walter Lacy, Hermann Wain, Charles Selby, Edmund Fa coner : Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara Weston. After which, a new and original Burlesque Extravaganza, entitled LITTLE RED RIDING ROOD ; or, The Fairies of - .the Rose, the Thistle, and the Shamreek. Principal charac ters by Mr. Chas. Selby, Mr. Warlow, Miss Cicely Nott, and Miss Lydia Thompson. Acting. Manager—Mr. F. B. Chatterton. Pieces as usual. Doors open at half-past l, to commence at 86x-ninee open daily from li tlll5. pO"X AL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. t I,ItRSPP, Mr A. Ranh. THIS BITENING, THE LITTLE TRZASITRE. Mr. J. G. Shore, Vir. B. Po tter, Mr. Cathcart, Am. ; MIRA ElsworthY, Mr'. Weston, and Miss Maria Harris. Atter which, RUT BLAS. Mr. Fcchter. NEW TBNATRE-110 VAL, ADELPHI.— Sole Proortator and Manaanr, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, A PRIVATE ENQUIRY. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. Billinr.,ftn, Mr. Sefton, Miss Kate Kelly, and Miss K. Bland. Followed by THE LIFE OF AN ACTRESS. Mr. and Mrs. Don Bone!can't, Messrs. Emery, J. L. Toole, Billington, Stuart. Eburne, Sefton, rowel!, C. J. Smith ; Mrs. Billington, Mrs. Harland, Mrs. 11. Lewis, Miss Laidlaw. o conclude with ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Messrs J. L. Toole, Emery, Billinf,rton, Misses K. Kelly, K. Bland Laidlaw, and Mrs. U. Marston. Commence at 7. ASTLXY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.- So le Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. Batty. Wonderful Performance of Mr. Bell's trained Elephants. THIS EVENING, the Grand Eastern Spectacle of THE RAJAH OF NAGPORE, introducing two colossal Asiatic) Elephants, pronounced by all to be the cleverest animals ever exhibited. To be followed by brilliant and daring feats by the un rivalled Troupe of Equestrians. Concluding with a comic Ballet of Action, introducing' Mr. Harry Croueste and the Misses Gunn's. stage Manager, Mr. W. Searle. CANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. The renowned ROCKY MOUNTAIN WONDERS, at ten o'clock, for a few evenings only. Grand Selections from " La Sonnambula" and " Dinorah," by Mdme. Negri, Signor Tivoli, and Mr. Raynor, with Band and full Chorus, conducted by Mr. Jonghmans. The Come Department by Mr. Hollingsworth, Mr. J. G. Forde, Mr. W. Randall, Messrs. Hildebrandt and Ormond, and Miss Caroline Parkes. The miraculous STECKEL, from the Cirque Napoleon, Paris, will make his first appearance on Monday, the 14th April Admission—Hall, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, Is. THE OXFORD, 6, OXFORD-STREET.- HENRI and PFAU on the Flying Trapeze EVERY EVENING. The musical entertainment as usual, including Robert Burns' celebrated " JOLLY BEGGARS," with music composed expressly for this establishment by Mr. George Linley. Operatic Selections by Miss Russell, Mdme. Negri, Mdme. Maria, and Mdme. Enderssohn. Full Band and Chorus.— Mus,cal Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Comic—Messrs. Sam Collins, IlarVey and French (the .Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Ball, 6d.; Stalls and Balcony, ls. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. , HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins L'.&y.—Morning, 4h. 26m.—Afternoon, sh. Om. To-monßacv.-Mortiing, sh. 18m.—Afternoon, bh. 32m. NOTICE. Ail remittances are, henceforth, to be made to Mr. JOHN CHAPLIN, at the Sun office, 112, strand, who has been appointed, by the Lord Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun newspaper, and the outstanding debts due in respect thereof. THE sUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 4,186 Z THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 4, 1862. Our expe,atations in regard to the Chancellor of the Exchequers Financial Statement for 1862-1863, have upon the wi l . l .o l e been fully realized, in some particulars they hav,. 3 been very considerably sur passed. Although the tight hon. gentleman's one eccentric little crotchet of g Private brewing license at the rate of 12s. 6d. upon the occupants of houses paying above £2O rent—a vexatious proposition constituting the solitary flaw in an otherwise ad mirable Budget—although this one preposterous little scheme of Mr. GLADSTONE'S fell upon the attentive ears of the House of Commons last evening while in committee of Ways and Means as some what of a " damper"—there rose a choral sound of approval from both sides of the House so soon as the right hon. gentleman had at length drawn his elaborate speech to a conclusion. A single dissen tient among all those who briefly addressed the House afterwards, served in effect to mark, by a sort of crowning touch the otherwise perfect unanimity of approbation with which Mr. GLADSTONE'S last Financial Statement had been listened to. And that isolated hysterical cry of opposition blurted out by the Radical member for Brighton, was avowedly on his own part no more than a mo mentary expression of the anguish caused by an unlooked for stumble over what we may pre- same to be one of his very tenderest corns. Nay, hardly was it so much as a stumble—a look, a movement, the mere threatening of a stumble, was sufficient 'to elfoit that shriek of pain and indig nation from the lips of 111i~. WHlTE—causing him in retaliation to designate the unquestionably success ful, and in many parts eminently brilliant, speech of Mr; GLADSTONE last evening, on briaging for ward his Financial Statement. as--[There was " a laugh" audible, and no wonder, when the ridiculous words were uttered by the member for Brighton] a melancholy exhibition !" Yet, with another remark of Mr. WHITE'S, there were assuredly, yes terday, but very few, if indeed there were any, upon those closely packed benches of the House of Com mons, who did not concur—and that moreover to the fu:l and absolutely. Nemely, when the hon. gen tleman observed that, with an annual income of £ 7 0,000,000, it seemed positively like a step from the sublime to the ridiculous to levy a duty of gd. per annum upon the private brewing of beer I Here, in truth, it is, at this excep tional point of his Budget, that Mr. GLAD STONE has ingeniously contrived to illus trate an i , v , the witty axiom first articulated with a aeri e-coinic shrug of his shoulders, by NAPOLEON th e r "iu-EAT, when at a little road-side auberge be suddenly encountered the Abbe de PLIADT, while in th e midst of the Flight from Moscow to "t) - aria ' Here, indeed, in this abrupt drop from the Imperial revenue of A:70,900,00 to the wretched little, fribbling item of 128. Eid. - upon private brewing, le another flaoTant ingau tce of the one step f r om the sublime n to the rich mope. • There ig a poplar deluFi3n abroad, w e are re, as to the extraordinary display of eloquen ce by , Mr. GLADSTONE', year atter year, in the early part or the ses.on. upon the occasion of his brin g i ng 'Viet ..very one forward his Financial Statement. Who hu•. ever hal the delight of listening to the right hon. gentlemen, while unfolding one of his elaborate Budgets to the House of Commons, in Committee of Ways and Means, knows, on the contrary, perfectly well, that anything like an oratorical display at these times on the part of our 411 cellor the Exchequer, is absolutoly not to be t houßlit. of for an instant—is a thing quite lndi crov,s to expect under the circumstances. The most I ,ther accomplished rhett4cian of his age is altoge precluded, in point of fact, from attempting any thing ,approaching even to a moderate display of his great gifts of oratory, by the mere multiplicity of the facts and figures which he has perforce to enumerate and to classify with all the lucidity and adroitness at his command—and this, not in his capa cityas a master of debate, but as a skilled and prac tised Financier. Mr. GLADSTONE has perhaps never acquitted himself, under these ordinarily bewildering circumstances, with more consummate ability than he did last evening. Listening to his melodious voice overnight during all the hours that flitted by whilst he explained the scheme of his new Budget, it was, as a display of inimitable dexterity, agility, and adroitness, like watching the rise and fall, hither ' and thither, to and fro, of the glittering golden balls, thrown up singly and in showers, and kept in perpetual circulation, by one of those Flying Jugglers, whirled upon a barebacked steed round and round the arena of an equestrian amphitheatre. Only once throughout the whole of his ex traordinary performance did our intellectual Juggler fail to keep up the ball to every one's satisfaction. And, already, by the casual tumble of that misthrown bauble of 12s. 6d. has so effectually has there been worn away the flimsy gilding from its surface, that we can hardly look for its being permanently stored up for the next year to come among the more costly items returned to that great National Coffer, which is the official juggling box of our Chancellor of the Exchequer. . _ Whether in retrospect or in Anticipation the financial survey taken by Mr. GLADSTONE yester day—now of the past twelvemonth, now of the twelvemonth to come—was alike admirable both for its lucidity and its comprehensiveness. He found himself for once in that delightful and enviable position for a Financier, when he can look back upon the past year without a qualm, and when he can look forward to the year immediately about to ensue without one moment's trepidation. Whithersoever he turned his glance, the view before him, as a whole, was in the highest degree satisfac tory. It is remembered, of course, that Mr. GLAD STONE'S estimated expenditure for the last year was not to have exceeded £69,875,000—that estimated expenditure being subsequently increased, however, by supplementary grants, to the tune of £1,499,000 to a total estimated expenditure of £71,374,000. It has eventually been seen, and that by necessity only very recently, that the actual expenditure of last year not having exceeded the sum in all of £70,838,000—it follows that after all it was £536,000 less than the total estimated expenditure. Com pared with the year 1860-61, the expenditure of which was £72,504,000, the decrease in 1861-62 was, consequently, £1,666,000. And the revenue of the past year having amounted to £69,674,000, there was left, of course, a deficiency of revenue to meet the expenditure of £1,164,000. Deducting which sum from the amount of the supplemental grants, £1,499,000, there resulted, as the Chancel lor of the Exchequer reminded the House yesterday, a surplus of £335,000. A wonderful consideration all this, beyond a doubt, if it be borne in mind that within the year, leaving results of this kind before us, we had deliberately foregone three im portant sources sof revenue, thereby bring to ns within that single year a round sum of £2,637,000. Upon this, however, we have our selves in these very columns within the last few days commented at some length—drawing our own conclusions from a careful analysis of the revenue tables:for the year and quarter last past—conclusions in all important particulars fully corroborated by what we must, of course, admit to be, the far more minute and far more accurate analysis of the revenue and expenditure for 1861-1862, as placed before the House last evening by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Turning his attention afterwards to the estimated expenditure and the estimated income for the finan eial year now commencing, Mr. GLADSTONE set down the former for the coming year, 1862-1863, at £7O/)40,000, and the latter at £70,190,000. So that, by this showing, there would remain aclear estimated net surplus (if everything were left as it is) of just £150,000. Not a large surplus certainly—but still a surplus. It is in his mode of dealing with this estimated surplus of £150,000, that lies the very marrow of the new Budget. Shall any new taxes be proposed ? Shall any old ones be abo lished ? And, in either case—which ? There are different interests, of course, alwa:s clamouring for an exceptional consideration, at the hands of the Government. There are, among othe:l3, demands for the reduction of the Spirit Duties, an alteration of Sugar Duties, the Malt Credits, the miner charges upon Imports and Exports, the Wino Duties, and the Duty on Hops. All these interests, all these conflicting demands, to say nothing of many minor ones unnamed, the Chancellor of the Exchequer weighs very carefully and conscientiously in the balance of his judgment. His ultimate deci sion, in regard to them all, he carefully and categorically announced yesterday, in what con stituted the very heart of his Financial Statement. Having before him, then, this little estimated sur plus of £lso,ooo—Mr. GLADSTONE proposes to reduce the now complicated scales of the Wine Duties to the simplicity of Two—one above, the other below twenty-six degrees of spirit ! Mr. GLADSTONE proposes, moreover-0 word of joy to the Agricultural Mind—to abolish the Hop Duties ! Finally, and while we areyet exulting in the exhila ration of the pleasant run our Minister of Finance has been giving us up hill and down dale through all this forest of figures—there comes upon us all of a sudden, like a horrid- stitch in the side—that mise rable little compensative 12s. 6d, in the way of private brewing licenses! Never was there in its way a more ludicrous anti-climax. The House fairly groaned as though it had been in labour, instead of the Bud get, when out of that parturient mountain there popped at last this ridiculous little mouse ! The supplementary licenses to publicans previously spoken of by Mr. GLADSTONE as among his arrange ments—supplementary spirit licenses designed for the supplying of fairs—had given one the notion before then of a sufficiently questionable ad vantage in the shape of a so-called improvement. But the project of the private brewing license for the sum of 12s, 6d.—just fairly beat every thing. Hero it is, we cannot but think, that Mr. GLADSTONE'S otherwise, we repeat, really admirable Budget, admits of a very judicious revi sion. And earnestly do we hope that, in regard to this one particular at least, the House will deter mine in Committee to revise it. From his new scale of the Wine Duties, Mr. GLADSTONE antici pates gaining within the year £15,800, while by the substitution of the private brewing and sup plementary publicans' licenses for the old Hop Duties, henceforth to be abolished, he expects to lose within the year about £45,000. Su that, striking the balance at the end of these ingenious calcula tion!, he closes Ms onhome of a Budget for 1862. 186 3 with sterling, an estimated loss of very nearly /30,000 Vurther space end time, of course, are requisite f or a more minute examination of these new financial protects of the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER. But already we can appreciate the t r ue value of the Budget l a id b y h i m before the House of Commons last ev ening —rememberin g as its solitary flaw lhe petty b "'Wing licenses for private houses, and as its distinguishing merit the total abolition at last of the old vexatious Duties upon Hops. Along the whole line between the Northern and Southern armies in America, the great struggle now is either at its height, or the troops on both sides are marching and moving for real conflict. It is not easy, at any time, to convey a clear notion of military movements to readers who have not a map either in their memories, or before their eyes ; and it is said that no one thoroughly com prehends a battle who has not, at least, seen the field on which it was fought. Yet we have all of Its by this time probably become proficients enough in American geography to follow the principal movements of the Federals and Confederates . They are becoming now of daily increasing inte rest ; indeed, while we write, the news of a groat victory or a great defeat of the North may be on its way to Queenstown, and may materially alter what must now stand as the last description. The South is calling up its troops from the defence of the Gulf of Mexico, to do what it can on the Mississippi for the salvation of New Orleans, andiNorth and South seem to be marching to the attack and defence of Norfolk Navy-yard, and of Richmond. Let the reader begin his survey in the great Bay of Chesapeake—let him take his stand on Fort Monroe, which he will remember that the Federals have held firmly from the beginning. Across Hampton Roads, southwards, he sees the Creek on which stands the Confederate Navy Yard, and to which the Merrimac has retired for the present— the little Monitor lying on the watch for her. To his right ho sees th© large estuary of James River coming down from Richmond and the North West of Virginia. Behind him aro three large estuaries of rivers running parallel to that of James' River, and, like pouring their contents into Bay of Chesapeake ; they are the York River, the Rappa hannock, and, lastly, the Potomac itself. We men tion them because the rivers, and the long penin sulas between their roughly-parallel streams, seem likely to become the seat of severe conflicts. Mr. RUSSELL even gives what he conjectures to be the probable mode in which the Federals will nse the peninsula between the James and the York Rivers for a direct attack on Richmond. It is this district, then, which is likely to be come the locality of the grand struggle in Vir ginia. Manassas, in front of Washington, is aban doned. But Manassas is not the best or direct military road to Richmond. And Washington being no longer threatened, M'CLELLAN seems to intend commencing operations lower down the Potomac. From Acquia Creek the rail runs direct to Richmond, end the distance from the river is much less. But whether he will operate from thence, or from Fort Monroe along the peninsula between the rivers James and York, or from both, remains to be seen. When the last accounts arrived his movements looked like an advance from the east on Richmond, and the Confederates were massing their troops in the same part, and leaving the line of the Rappahannock, the next river to the Potomac, on which they were at first to have taken their stand. Thus, as M'CLELLAN seems to be under a political necessity of fighting ; as the Southerners are under the necessity of defending Richmond. and the Norfolk navy yard too; and as their forces in that part are still numerous, it seems scarcely possible that the decisive battle of which M'CLELLAN speaks in his proclamation should be long evaded. It will surely be a battle fiercely fought. In the centre of the line between the two hostile parties of the country, from Western Virginia and all through Kentucky there is nothing important doing. FREMONT is again intrusted with a com mand, that of the army in Western Virginia. But when we come to the Missisippi, we find both parties again putting forth all their strength, and the conflict raging on both sides of the river. The great Border Slave State of Missouri, is now quite cleared of rebels, by the victories which:have driven them, even some way into Arkansas, and by the evacuation of New Madrid ; the last place was left quite in a panic, guns, stores, and ammunition, of the greatest value in the South, being all left behind. At the moment when the last telegram reached Halifax the Con federate troops were making a determined stand on a strongly-fortified island lower down; the means of resistance in men and guns seemed to be great, but the Federals appeared to be having the best of it, having silenced one battery at that time, and dismounted a gun on the island. The Confederates appear, however, to be mustering the scattered remnants of their forces in Tennessee : and BEAU REGARD, speaking from Jackson, a town in that State not far from the Mississippi, calls on the Governor of Louisiana to send him 5,000 men, and proclaims that he will accept all recruits who offer themselves for ninety days. He therefore looks forward to some months' work yet. There must also be a large body of troops somewhere in Southern Tennessee awaiting or facing General GRANT; the zeassembled remains of those whom he drove from Fort Donnelson and Nashville, increased by those who have been called away from the de fence of Pensacola, on the Gulf of Mexico. Those who will trouble themselves to peruse this sketch will see that, while the North is victorious in actual conflict in the West, and though it is superior in numbers and equipment on the Potomac, still, as has been so often observed, if the South be really determined, its subjugation will yet be no easy task. Wherever they get them from, the Southerns find both small arms of some kind and a good supply of artillery. Their numbers in the field appear to be only second to those of the North, and the country must be infinitely easier to defend, than for a foe to invade, bringing his supplies with him. How far the resistance to the North is the work of politicans or the inspiration of the people, we have at present but scanty means of knowing. The rooted aversion of the North to the poor negroes has immensely increased the difficulty of its task. The negroes, with too good reason, believe that coloured freemen among Northerns have a lot but few degrees better than that of slaves in the better parts of the South. The President's resolutions on the purchase of negro freedom may gain the Border States for the North, though at the first mention of the subject their representatives do not like it ; but, on the whole, the negroes are a great help in the war, leaving the whites free to fight. Should therefore the spirit of the South bo really unconquerable, even now the issue would be difficult to foresee. We shall all agree that, for a Minister, the Duke of SOMERSET'S speech last night was a candid one. He, properly enough, showed with what limitations the lesson taught us by the Monitor must be taker. We readily admit all these—the Monitor does lie so low in the water—our readers saw that yesterday —that the shot of the Merrimac might well pass over her, as the shot of the huge Spanish man-of war did over the smaller vessel of Lord DIINDONALD. But the shot did not all pass over her; for the turret was handsomely battered, and that was probably the on ly part really aimed at by the Merrimac. It is also, that th e M err i mac did no t s il ence Fort Monroe, probably cou ld not, if s h e h a d tr i ed. certain, aiu that M was little to the purpose. The point is, that Fort Monroe could not silence the Merrimac, and that this was made so plain that the import ance of furnishing Spithead with Monitors is proved to be greater than that of supplying it with forts. As we do not want to -be spending on both at once, and as the floating iron batteries are the proved necessity, which cannot yet he said of the forts, we, with the evident majority of the House of Commons, demand to spend the money first on the floating batteries. We can attend to the forts at leisure, when we have made it impossible for any power to bombard our arsenals from a ship which laughs at forts. "We thank Mr. jONATIIAN for teaching us that lesson." The Duke gives us this consolation, that we are as well off at present for iron-plated vessels as any other nation. Altogether, we have ten iron vessels in hand ; four of them afloat ; another to be launched in August ; another early next year. Small, indeed, is, therefore, at this moment, what may be called our effective fleet. The Americans have shown that in three months, and certainly in a half year, any power, with competent iron manufactories, could construct two or three ships which might send all our frigates and liners to the bottom. The truth, therefore, is that should war against us be the pur pose of any other nation, they now know how to render our naval supremacy, on which we so fondly rely, a very doubtful thing. We are not, we admit, just at this moment at the mercy of any power—but we are at the mercy of what any great power can do in a few months. The nearest great power might, beyond a doubt, be, by the end of the sum mer, in a position to threaten any port and arsenal in the kingdom—that is, unless we accept at once the " Monitor's" teaching. The Duke of SOMERSET describes the addition to our knowledge in consequence of the American battle to be precisely this-r-that whereas he before supposed we could keep our ironsides at home to defend our own shores, we now know that we must have them wherever in our colonies and dependen cies we have a harbour to defend. As we have already endeavoured to enforce this lesson, we are thankful the Duke should accept it also. But from the statements he made, he evidently sees also that for purposes of offensive war at sea, wooden vessels will now be useless. They will cease to be able to enforce a blockade, and they will no longer be com petent to face the fleet of an enterprising and active enemy. There is no help for it; we must convert the greater part of our magnificent and beautiful sailing ships, as fast as we can, into the ugly uninteresting monsters which alone can face each other and make us secure. Lord HARD WICICE, with the feelings of an old sailor, looks on the days of old seamanship as fast pass ing away, and we most thoroughly sympathise with him. To stand at the entrance of a port and, instead of the noble, graceful form, and sails, and trim, of a Queen's ship - of-the-line, to see two or three ugly iron things gliding int o port— to see our gallant ships giving place t o creat i ons , reminding us more of the, huge marine antedilu vian Saurians than of anything else, may well evoke a sentimental sigh. We do not like it. However, war is an ugly thing, and modern science is driv ing us to the conclusion, that war at sea must be a battle between ugly things. Indeed, as Lord HARDIVICRE has it, the time is at hand " when a ship would be fought by aft engineer, a stoker, and artillerist," and when the sailor, like the soldier, would live in towns and away from the coast. LATEST NEWS. REDUCTION IN THE FRENCH ARMY. PARIS, APRIL 4. Tha lifoniteur of to-day says :—" In order to lighten the burdens; of the Treasury, and to enter from this moment into the views of economy which presided over the establishment of the Budget for 1863, the Emperor has ordered a reduction of 32,000 men to be made in the effective of the active army. The disbanding of the 101st and 102 d in fantry regiments, and the sale of 2,200 horses have also been ordered.' THE INTERVENTION IN MEXICO. 111ADRID, APRIL 3. It is asserted that the Spanish Government has expressed a desire that the triple alliance should clearly determine the interpretation of certain ar ticles of the Treaty of October relative to Mexico. TRIESTE, APRIL 3. The following despatch has been received hero to-day from Athens, dated the 29th ult. : "The Chambers had been closed after having voted an extraordinary credit demanded by the Government." The insurrection in Sautoria had been suppressed by the war steamer Amalia. The insurgent chiefs took refuge in the house of the Russian vice-consul, and were given up with the authorisation of the Russian Minister. The journals of Athens state that a division of troops which had revolted at Arcania were seized by the inhabitants. The Nauplia insurgents demand an unconditional amnesty before surrendering. It is asserted in official quarters that the Italian agents, who arrived at Patras with funds at their disposal, re-embarked when they saw that the town YANKEE BOUNCE. The Boston papers publish the following letter from Captain Ericsson : " New York, March 11. "My dear Sargent,—l accept with great pleasure your congratulations, and assure-you that every exertion will bo made on my part to furnish the nation with war vessels that will enable us to defy Europe. Give me only the requisite means, and in a very short time we can say to those Powers, now bent on destroying Republican freedom,' LeaVe the Gulf with your frail craft, or perish !' I have alFiny life asserted that mechanical science will put an end to the power of England over the seas. The ocean is Nature's highway between the nations. It should be free ; and surely Nature's laws, when properly applied, will make it so. . . . " Yours very truly, "J. ERICSSON. " To Epes Sergent, Esq., Boston." COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR CASTLE, APRIL 3. The Queen and Princess Helena walked and drove in the Home Park this morning. Viscount Palmerston arrived at the Castle last nght, and had an audience of her Majesty. Don Louis Mesones, Charge d'Ataires and Consul- General for Peru, had an interview with Earl Russell, at the Foreign-office, on Saturday, to present his credentials. Sir Henry Young, Governor of Tasman4, had an inter view with the Duke of Newcastle, yesterchy, at the Colo nial-office. A deputation of commoners of the lath Pored of Hainault had an interview with Secretary Sir Geerge Grey, yester day at the Home-office, respecting Chigwet Enclosure. Tho deputation was introduced by Mr. Bramston and Col. North. Viscount Palmerston returned to London yesterday from Windsor Castle. It is now finally arranged for the Court to leave Windsor this afternoon (Friday), soon after Itncheon, between two and three o'clock. Her Majesty, with the Princess Alice and other members of the Royal Family, will travel by special train on the Great Western line by the narrow gauge, which the company has brought to Windsor expressly for her Majesty's accommodation, to avoid delay hitherto occasioned by break of gauge at Basingstoke, The journey from Windsor to Basingstoke will occupy fifty minutes, at which place the South Western Company will take charge of the royal train to Southampton. The whole journey by railway, it is expected, will occupy an hour and fifty minutes. The usual guard of honour will be dis pensed with, and the royal journey will be conducted in as private a manner as possible. A special train will leave early in the morning with the horses, carriages, and lug gage. It is gratifying to state that that her Majesty con • tinues in the enjoyment of excellent health. Her Majesty, with the Princesses, visited the Chapel Royal of St. George yesterday evening, and placed, for the fourth time, wreaths of evergreens and flowers on the tomb of his late Royal Highness the Prince Consort. The Princess Frederick - William arrived at the palase at Brussels on Tuesday, and continued her journey on Wednesday morning to Berlin. Her Royal Highness was met at Antwerp by the Duchess of Brabant and the Count of Flanders. DOVER, April 3.—Her Majesty's steam yacht Vivid, Captain Allen, arrived here this afternoon at four o'clock, after an excellent voyage from Boulogne of one hour and forty minutes, and brought his Royal Highness the Prince Leopold, Lady and Misa Bowater, Lerd Charles Fitzroy, and suite. His Royal Highness the Prince Arthur was on the pier to receive his royal brother, having arrived with the Hon Colonel Elphinstone for that purpose. Their Royal Highnesses will seep at Birmingham's Lord 'War den Hotel, and pursue their journey to London by the South Eastern Railway to-morrow. The Prince Leopold appears in excelb,nt health. The Archbishop of York has taken a residence in Upper Grosvenor -street for the season. His grace is ex pected in town at the latter end of the month. The Duke of St. Alhc.ns has taken a residence in Berkeley -square, for the season. The,Duchess of Sotomayor and family have left Mauriey's Hotel for Lancashire. Frances Anne Marchioness of Londonderry has arrived at her rTsidenee in Park-lane, from ynyai d Park, Durham, for the season. Maria MarehioueEs of Aileabury comes to town to-day from visiting the Earl and Countess Spencer, at Althorp Park, Northampton. Count Persigny has taken a residence in Lowndes• street, Belgrave-square, for the season. His Excellency and the Countess de Persigny are expected in London on or about the 23d inst., from Paris. Viscount and Viscountess Clifden arrived at Dover House, Whitehall, yesterday, from visiting the Earl and Countess Spencer, at Althorp Park, Northampton. The Patrie gives out that the "two Governments" —France and Spain--are about to make a new treaty for a common action in Mexico. ak:L_ma was quiet, Attempts at insurrectionary movements have also been made at Kiparesse, Calamata, and Na- varin. sr. PETERSBURG, APRIL 3. To-day's Gazette of the Senate publishes an im perial decree sanctioning the proposed provisional reforms of the police of St. Petersburg and Riga. The police force in both these cities is to be in- creased. • AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY MORNING. The Hamburg-American Company's screw steamer Hammonia, Captain Schwensen, with ad vices of the 22d ult., from New York, arrived off Cowes at midnight, and proceeded for Hamburg. She had fine weather and westerly breezes during the passage. The Hammonia brings 19 passengers for this port and Havre, and 68 for Hamburg, and on freight 232,915 dole. for France. At midnight on the 22d the Hammonia passed, in lat. 40.27 N., long. 72.8 W., a steamer of the Inman line; and on the 24th, in lat. 41.28 N., long. 62.25 W., a steamer of the Cunard line; both bound west. The screw steamer Anglo-Saxon, from Liverpool, has arrived out at Portland. Her news has been anticipated. FRANCE. BOURSE, April 3.—Although there has been little or no variation in the quotations of Rente, yet the market has shown much firmness, and the prices of the previous day have been firmly maintained. Threes are now at 70f., and with a fair amount of business doing. The Railway Share Market has been also well maintained. The following were the last quotations :- 4t per per Cents 9B Do. end month 3 per Cents Do. end month 7O New 3 per Cents Do. end month — Credit Mobilier 786 25 Do. Account Bank Shares 3080 Credit F oncier 1650 Belgian ft — Piedmontese Fives 6B 10 Roman — Austrian Spanish Threes 5ll Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1365 1366 25 Northern Now ditto 9BO Lyons and Mediterranean 1146 25 .. 1145 Geneva 367 50 .. 368 75 Southern 787 50 .. 787 50 Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lowbard 567 60 .. 572 50 ITALY. A Turin letter in the Moniteur says ;—" M. Pepoli, Minister of Commerce, whose election at Bologna had been annulled, owing to an insufficient number of votes, has since been returned by 394 votes out of a total of 409. A bill is shortly to be submitted to the Chamber of Deputies to regulate the organisation of the provincial and communal institutions. That measure, which is of great im portance for Italy, appears likely to give rise to a long debate, as forty members have already in scribed their names to speak for, against, or on the bill, as proposed by the committee. It may be remem bered that, on the occasion of the meeting of the com mittees, M. Ratazzi promised that a bill should be in troduced to regulate the right of association. A Turin journal now states that the bill is under the con sideration of the Council of State, and will be sub mitted to the Chamber before the middle of the present month, about which time it is expected the Parliament will be prorogued." Another letter from Turin in the Nord has the following : " Count Pasolini de Ravenne, Prefect of Milan, has withdrawn his resignation, and now replaws the Marquis d'Adda in the Prefecture of Turin. The count is the intimate friend of M. Minghetti, and his resolution not to quit the administration in spite of the presence of the Ratazzi Ministry, proves that the hope of a reconciliation between the old majority and the new Cabinet is not lost either on the part of M. Minghetti or on that of M. Ratazzi. Count Pasolini will serve as the bond of union, for otherwise the acceptance of the post at Turin, which is much less important than that at Milan, would have no meaning. The Marquis de Villamarina, who was Minister at Florence, at Paris, and at Naples, is talked of for the Prefecture at Milan. General Garibaldi, who is suffering from the gout, has been obliged to stop at the villa of his friend Pallavicino, at St. Fiorano, in Lombardy, It is even hoped that he will afterwards return, for his excursion to the confines of Austria might give rise to inconveniences which must be avoided. GREECE. The Constitutionnel publishes the following : " Tranquillity is slow at being re-estublished in Greece. A despatch from Marseilles informs us that military outbreaks have taken place at Naxos and at Santorin. They are said not to haw been successful, and the leaders are reported to have fled to the lonian Islands. At Neuplia the insurgents are divided into two camps. One party holds the citadel or Fort Palamides ; the other the town itself a n d F ort I schale. Th e n egotiations between the insurgents and the Government bear upon the extent to which the amnesty is to be granted. Grivas, one of the chiefs of the insurrection, insists upon total oblivion, with out reserve, of everything that has taken place since the 12th February. This the Government refuses to grant. The Chamber of Deputies has voted una nimously a credit of 1,000,000 of drachmas to cover the expenses caused by the insurrection of Nauplia. According to another correspondence, the agitation in Greece has spread to the Greek Islam's which aro under Turkish domination. The Governor of Cyprus is said to have asked for reinfor cemen t s from the Porte, which ha; for the present, sent him two ships of war." The Debats confirms the news given by the Con stitutionnel:— "We have ( B ays the 'Mats) news to-day direct from Athens, under date of the 28th of March. The news agrees with that from Constantinople denying the surrender of the citadel of Nanplia: It presents I±e state of affairs even as mote serious. It appears that not only the citadel but the town itself, the arsenal, store-houses, and forts are still in the hand;: of the insurgents. Moreover, Grivas, who heads the insurrection, feels himself strong enough to impose his conditions upon the Government. Tho despatch adds that two days previously, in spite of the armistice, the insurgents had opened all their batteries on the camp occupied by the Royal troops." POLAND. (FROM OUR OWN CORMUONDENT.) WARSAW, MARCH 26. An act of savage barbarity, perpetrated here upon the person of e, Pole, named Alexander Zamoyski, is the topic of general execration and conversation among all classes of the people. The bare facts of this case, which is a disgrace to the ago we live in, and particularly to European civi lisation, are as follows :—A clandestine printing machine and a certain number of copies of a pro clamation addressed to the Archbishop have been found at M. Zamoyski's lodgings. It would appear that the tenor of this proclamation was to induce the prelate to give up all the Russian cajoleries and to entirely side with the Poles. This, in the eyes of the Russian Government, was an offence punish able by the laws of the country, but still the accused had in his favour all the forms of the judicial pro cedure. Yet Zamoyski was arrested, cor.signed to a dark cell in the prison, and as he denied having any accomplices, he was condemn e'a to receive 200 lashes with a thick stick, so as to punish his silence, and through the excessive pain he would have to endure to compel him to disclose some secrets. The result of, this cruel treatment was what might have been expected, ho acknow ledged nothing, but the tortures to which he had been subjected would have hardly spared his life. He was taken to the hospital, where he could not survive, and it is rumoured that he has already breathed his last. Will it be credited in England, that such an instance of atrocity would have oc curred under the Russian Government who, when ever reminded by the Western Powers of its obligations towards Poland, pretends to display great alacrity in showing that these obligations have been fulfilled P Thus, in several towns, for the appearances' sake, the municipal councils have been convoked, whilst every impediment was thrown in the way of their proper development. The Municipal Council of Pultask, though convoked in November last, could not assemble till now. At Krasnystow, the members of the Council would not meet because of the prolonged state of siege. The Governor-Gene ral, Luders, has characterised this conduct as rebel lious, and has deigned to forgive such an insolence, as he termed, it, on the part of the Polish inhabi tants. To enforce his orders, General Luders has despatched two regiments of cavalry to those places. This is the way in which the Russian Government understands the Polish national institutions, and boasts of concessions granted by the Emperor. Were these concessions real, could the Poles obtain anything like a legal foundation, on which they could base and work out their future liberties, they certainly would show a different spirit. The con stant deception practised upon them has rendered them very sceptical and obstinate, and it is not sur prising. What the Poles want, and to - which they are entitled, are the Polish laws and institutions, which would be administered by the Poles, and not by the Russians. Surely the request is very mode rate, and is within the Emperor's will. His Ma jesty, like a philosopher, sees things at a di s t ance , and always couleur de rose, leaving the whole re sponsibility to his generals and officials, who act like Turkish pashas in this country, and represent to his Majesty the Poles as ungovernable. As if the state of siege was not in itself a most intolerable act of despotism and sufferings, a fresh mark of his Imperial favour is to be conferred upon this unfortunate country. A levy of 12,000 recruits is commenced, chiefly among the town populations, in order to spare the peasants, and to clear the country of a more intelligent class of the community, so obnoxious to the Government. One good thing may result from this most severe and unjust measure, which is, that those recruits in whose veins flow true Polish blood, and whose hearts beat for the freedom of all oppressed nations, will be as many apostles in the Russian army to diffuse among the Muscovites liberal sentiments. There was a talk of the restoration of the univer sity of Wilna. This would be a step in the right direotion, beneficial alike to the Government and to the Poles. At present the Poles are compelled to attend > the universities at St. Petersburg and Moscow to finish their studies. The Marquis Wielopolski is expected every day, it is said, to take part in the deliberations of the Council of State, which postpones its sittings from day to day, till it shall have to fix its first meeting to doomsday. The haughty Marquis having been snubbed in St. Petersburg, returns here with a long face, having rendered himself the most unpopular man in the country. A telegraphic despatch in the French papers mentions that in the House of Lords Earl Russell stated, in reply to some questions from the Earl of Carnarvon, that the Marquis Wielopolski's pro posals for the autonomy of the kingdom of Poland though not now accepted by the Emperor, were not refused, and expressed a hope that they may yet be allowed to exist. Poor as it would be this puerile grant, it would be an instalment upon what is claimed by the Poles. We are anxious here to read the whole debate, and the persons high in office complain of the English Parliament always exercising a sort of censure upon the Russian rule in Poland, and, as it were. showing a solicitude for the well-being of the Poles. This is as it should be, and the more notice is taken of the lawless proceedings of the Russians in Poland, the sooner they are likely to be brought to their senses. Russians—l mean those highly bred —are very sensitive, and any remarks passed upon their character often wounds their feelings, and makes them ashamed of their bad faith, duplicity, and tyranny. The opening of letters seems to be every day's amusement of the Post-office authorities, and no secret is made of it. The newspapers from abroad are half smeared over with black, and the censor ship has increased its rigours to an unusual degree. THE TOUR OF THE PRINCE OF WALES. ALEXANDRIA, MARcn 25. The visit of the Prince of Wales to Egypt is now rapidly drawing to its close. His Royal Highness returned to Cairo on the evening of the 23d inst. On the preceding Sunday the Prince was at Karnak. The Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg had spent the day on the eastern side of the river, but in the evening they again rejoined the Prince on board his boat. On the following day the Duke, after in his turn surveying the ruins of Karnak, left on his way back to Cairo. The Prince of Wales, meanwhile, was exploring the ruined temples and palaces of Medi net Abou and Gornou, the Menmonium, which once held the gigantic statue, the bust of which will be remembered by most visitors to the British Museum; and lastly, the celebrated vocal Colossus, which, as is attested: by one of its innumerable inscriptions of all ages and in all languages, was 17 centuries Den d r t a h h e , ago visited by th e E mperor H a d r i an. The perfect, though comp ara ti ve l y modern temple of the rock tombs of Beni Hass an , and, fi n al l y , wonderful remains at Sakkarah, were not omitted on the way down the river. The Prince of Wales went over to Suez this morn ing, and was to return in the afternoon after visit ing the shores of the Red Se a an d t h e var i ous points of interest in the vicinity of the town. His Royal Highness is expected at Alexandria on the and leaves en t h e fallowing day for Jaffa, whereehr, ehorses have alre4ely been ordered to be in readiness on the 29th for the conveyance of the party to Jerusalem, ETON COLLEGE.—An assistant mastership at Eton has begin conferred upon the Rey. Naunton Lemuel ShuldhAin, M.A., decoy of Magdaleu College, Oxford, • um TILE ARRIVAL AT IIIALTA ' THE FROM - JAPAN. .__~~_ - - - Our Malta coVrcipontioAlt atITISC'S !Ale arrival at that island at ten a.m., on the 281 h March, in the Himalaya screw steam troop ship, from Alexandria, of their Excellencies the three Ambassadors Ex traordinary to the Courts of Europe from his Impe rial Majesty the Emperor of Japan, attended by a suite of 20 officers from the first families of the em pire, and a retinue of 14 domestics, who arrived at Suez in the Odin steam frigate, The Ilitnalaya , entered port with the flag of Japan—white with Es red ball ; and soon after 'an officer from the Nep tune, ship of the line, bearing the flag of Vice- Admiral Sir William Fanshawo Martin, and an other boat with the military secretary of the Governor and Commander-in-Chief, repaired all board to make the necessary arrangements for the landing of the ambassadors. At two p.m. the ambassadors landed, under the salute due to their rank from the flag-ship and Fort St. Angelo. At the landing-place the two carriages of the Governor awaited them, and, accompanied by Mr. Macdonald, belonging to the British Env' bassy in Japan, who acts as interpreter, escorted by the military secretary, Captain Brett, and the Governor's aide-de-camp, Sir William Fairfax, Bart., e;it horseback, preceded by the Marine Police, thr,y drove through the Calcara Gate and Floriana into Valetta, and proceeded to the Palace, where a guard of honour and band, supplied by the 3d Buffs, posted on the square of St. Michael and St. George, did the honours, presenting arms and striking up the national anthem of " God save the Queen, which their excellencies courteously acknowledged. At the entrance of the Grand Hall of St. Michael and St. George, the Governor, Sir. John Gaspard Lo Marchant, attended by the two generals of brigades and their respective staffs, received and welcomed these distinguished Orientals, and ushered by Cant. Brett, they entered the hall, where the heads of departments, several of the members of the council, Admirals Sir William Fanshawe Martin and Cod rington, with their respective staffs, and two or three of the foreign consuls, were present. Lady Le Marchant had also issued " at home" invitations to a number of English and Maltese ladies, the elite of the island, in order to satisfy female curiosity with a sight of these Orientals. After an interchange of the usual compliments► their excellencies, attended by Captain Brett and Sir William Fairfax, retired to the Clarence (Den ning's Hotel), where, after partaking of sown refreshments, they reposed until the evening, being too fatigued to accept invitations from the Governor to visit the Nespoli Giapponica Plantations in the' St. Antonio Gardens. On the following morning, at half-past ten, the whole of the regiments in garrison were brigaded before their excellencies, who seemed not a little amazed by the regularity of the military move ments and manoeuvres. They have remained in Malta on purpose to await the decision of the Cabinets of St. James's and the Tuileries, as to whether England and France should first receive and greet them, which it would seem has been decided by means of the telegraph in favour of England, for it is given out that they were to leave for Portsmouth in the Hima^ laya on Monday, the 31st March. The names of the ambassadors are Takano Joebty, Motodira, and Kyoogoko, and the English interpreter is Mr. Mac' donald. With the exception of the reception of his Excel lency Mirza Jaffar Khan, on his return to Persia from his mission to England, the good folks Or Malta do not appear to have enjoyed a grander sight than on this occasion. UNITED STATES IROIV-PLATED VESSELS. The Navy Department has ordered of the builders of the Monitor, Messrs. C. S. :Bushnell and Co., si% more iron-clad vessels, similar in construction, but more formidable. They are to be 204 or 205, in stead of 170 feet long, and to carry two 15-inch instead of 11-inch Dahlgren guns. The pilot house is to be mounted on the top of the turret, and be candle-snuffer shaped. The mail protection of both 'will probably be a good deal thicker than the Mo nitor's. In some respects these new vessels will differ from the Monitor. It is intended that they shall be able to run 10 knots an hour, and shall be thoroughly sea-going. It is not unlikely that a dozen, similar to the Monitor, will be Enntracted. for. Wiard, the steel gunmakor, has prepared plans for a mailed war vessel, which some experts pro nounce superior even to the Monitor.—New York Tribune, March 22. The departure of Mr. Stevens's gunboat, the Naugatuck, has been delayed several days, in con sequence of the Government having directed that the monster Union gun, now at the Rip Raps, should be substituted for the 100-pounder rifled gun w hich she was intended to carry. This order has b e en and the rifled gun has been re mounted. The Naugatuck is not intended to be a model of Mr. Stevens's iron-clad battery, but is designed to illustrate one or two novel ideas connected with that monstrous engine of war, viz. :—The ability to sink and raise a vessel with great rapidity ; to turn and manage her by means of two propellers located one each side of the stern ; also taking up the recoil of the gun by means of indiarubber. The gun is mounted midship pointed towards the bow, and is loaded from below by depressing the muzzle downwards. The hull of the boat is constructed of iron, 10 1 feet in length, 20 feet beam, and about 7 feet deep. She draws about 51 feet light, and 9 feet when sub' merged. Her speed is 11 miles an hour light, and 54 miles when submerged. She is not iron-clad , with the exception of the bow, but in action, whet' submerged, has two feet of water between the two decks, and presents but a small surface upon which the enemy can bring their cannon to bear. Th e Naugatuck will be supplied with two of James '° 12-pounder howitzers, and will have a crew of about 24 men, viz., a boatswain, gunner, carpenter , two quartermasters, 14 seamen, steward, cook, and servant.—New Fork Tribune, March 21. _RAILWAY AND PUBLIC compAyLES IN PARLIAMENT. Yesterday the committee having passed the bill of the Rowsley and Buxton Extensions of the Mid land Railway, called on the case of the Cannock Chase Extension Railway, who propose to make a line from the Norton branch of the North Stafford-. shire to the eastern terminus of their own line at Cooper's Lodge, and to raise £40,000 for the pur pose. The evidence having satisfied the comm ittee of the fitness and necessity of the line, they passed it, and then proceeded with the consideration of the Tewkesbury and Malvern Railway, who propose to raise £160,000 to construct it, and lease it at anY time to the Midla n d C ompany. The committee, of which Mr. M ow b ray is the chairman, met for the first time to consider a group of railways for the further accommodation of the North British dis trict, taking first the bill of the Furness Railway' who propose to carry a branch to the Haweot guar' ries, and to lease the Ulverstone Canal for navige' tion, for a consideration of £22,000, as well as to raise a further sum of £lBO,OOO, and to subscribe to the Coniston Railway. The bill, after some con sideration, passed through. The Mid Sussex and Midhurat Junction Railway, to extend their time by two years for completion of works, and to lease the undertaking to the London and Brighton, wag heard in Mr. Scholefield's committee, and that of the Berwickshire Railway in Mr. Hassard's. After a fortnight's laborious inquiry into the merits Of the Barnsley Coal Extension Railway, and which is said to have cost almost enough to make the line, the case closed, and the committee, it is expected, will determine on it today. The inquiry into the merits of the Merionethshire Railway Company is still proceeding in Lord Stanley's group, and cumu lative evidence on the Bristol and South. Western Company's li ne b e tween Bristoj. and. S:nitilarnpto . o c : way, who have a duplicate Ply_ for that pox'" the committee, , 3.7erti Rau pose, engages and which is opposed by the Gaut; o \,: . which mi. ' way is the chair man. In Lord Romney's coal ni - ttee the case o f the Dund alk and Enniskillen 1 witness examined on i ts eng i neeri ng principal forwarded i a stage , Mr . Hawkshaw, C.E., being mer its. .the '.., ~,_~ thine , raer.lt Great have Mane' tern Brigh The Maine Aust r bolus C aned East 3. oif b een %tom Anstu Th ) 44.iv e . r Ater ' . ; Tte t s, 111 2' Auk ; C c, vio w 3 I t ij a ) itto Ditto Ditto Ditto thit o kjnsols kchec f .t) itto ~rsziia It. 'll )31„,. 2 It C ~~~ o t s Dit ta i l , l 4 of 3 2 4 141 "eri t, Qat 'l,ool . ~ Vol last viol for clip rice ext 4 Sall sho , bat less firm past BIN D,l they , Af'f'il