The Sun. — London, England, 1802-09-01 00:00:00

REVIEW OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS. (Clnf!nued from 7.mr P:zper of iredmesdaj,- ?art .) SUCH, it is natural to suppose, were in part the rnnsiderat ions which determined our Cabinet to .pen without delay the path to Negotiation.. The truth of them is palpable, and at present almost universally admitted. Those who do not openly acknowledge this, do nut at least contradict it, or if they do, it is by arguments which will not bear to be placed in competition with the comforts, the repose, and the happiness of nalions of human •beingi. " The name of Peace is so grateful to the ears of most men, that those whose dispositions are little adapted to the enjoyment of that blessing, never theless do not venture to abjure it openly as such ; but they commonl7 make themselves amends for this restraint imposed on them, by attacking, Without mercy, the particular articles of such Treaties as restore repose to their Country ; like Physicians, who not daring to express regret at the recovery of a Patient tincir tl e IL:nds of another ptaditioner, take care to pronounce that he might have been sooner, or mote completely cured, or that he will certainly experience a speedy relapse. Such has been time fate of the Treaty of London ; and its terms have been ceestirea, wi‘3a such late,. criminate violence, that if it is hue lair allow that some of its Opposers really thought th, r were serving their Country, by directly tiee.-L . - .their di s approbation, others may perhaps be stfpe'es . ad of having been actuated by motives very. differeot. " Notwithstanding the frequency and warmth of their eittacks, and in spite of the extraordinary pains taken to represent every article in the most disadvantageous point of view, the Treaty has been sanctioned by the approbation of both Houses of Parliament, and by the rejoicings of a great •Majority of the Nation. 'these circumstances would be alone a sufficient justification of the Pre liminaries, and a complete ;led satisfaCtory proof, that in thi.s important transadion, managed by .Lord HAWKESBURY, with so much talent and address, Got ernment has abundantly fulfilled its duty to the Country. Those who declaim the most warmly against the Treaty, were the very persons, who, with more justness of reasoning, had • never ceased to assert, that the ohjet, for which we had engaged, and for which we had persisted in the War, was the preservation of our Liberty, our Constitution, and Property. According to this principle, so often brought forward by them, had we gained nothing else by the Treaty, it should still be considered as advantageous ; for every Peace has ever been so considered, which accom. plished the object, hr which the War had been carried on. By the Treaty of London, we have not only preserved unimpaired our Independence, our Laws, our national Honour, our Faith towards our Allies, and our original Possessions in the four quarters of the globe, but have besides ac. quired two Colonies, the attainment of either of which would, from their importancee have fully justified a long War, and have been considered as a complete satisfaClion to the successful Party. flow that can be called a bad Peace, by which no. thing is lost, and much is gained, is difficult to tomprehend. Common sense would surely apply to it ae epithet directly the reverse. " Every intelligent person Must be aware, how frequently the use of indefinite terms misleads the judgment. Thus it is, that the enemies of the Peace have loudly arid incessantly repeated that it was not glorious ; flattering themselves that the unrefieeting would thence conclude, that it ought to be generally condemned. It requires but little consideration to see through the haiden fallacy of this conclusion. " It may in the first place be doubted, whether the term glorious, can with propriety he applied to any Peace whatever. A Treaty is advantageous or prejudicial, is honouralle or disgraceful ; i t i s the War which precedes it, that is, glorious or otherwise. this epithet could be justly given to any Pacification, it would, one should think, be to that by which a Prince, or a People, after a completely successful War, should restore to the vanquished all that they had lost, and should offer them reconciliation and friendship. " But without laying too much stress on this distinction, and taking the word in the sense ap_ plied to it by the Opponents of the Ministry; Where, it may be'asked, have they discovered, that because a Peace is not glorious, it is therefore not honourable, advantageous, or in a word, such as existing circumstances made desirable. Two Na tions after having both fought, with courage, may find themselves so reduced to such an equality in their situation, that the Treaty, which shall restore Peace between them, will produce neither profit nor loss to either. In this case it will not be called glorious, for the one or the other ; but will w assa;thstanding to both be honourable, and to neither disadvantageous. A Prince, at war with another much inferior in power, terminates it by a treaty through which he acquires certain towns or ;provinces. No Glory is attached to this result, since none is due to the stronger who oppresses the weaker ; !ast the Treaty will nevertheless be ad ,vantagecus. The reverse is true of that Prince, • who atter vigorously struggling against the supe rior power of his Adversary shall be reduced to the necessity of accepting terms. The Treaty will indeed be to him pa:judicial; but he will fairly have earned some tide to Glary by the gallantry of his resistance. " Enough has been said to spew, that the term eprious, is a false standard by which to measure the merits of a Treaty, and that it may be found in opposition to the much more essential epithets of bc.vourable,' ad , ualltagecus, anti r.ven adviseabie. Our Ministers judiciously felt the difference, and disregarding the pompous terms of a glorious and a proud Peace, wisely:proposed to estabii,h their Treaty on a more solid basis. " The antipacific Party, not co; tested with as serting it to be inglorious, have been even so unjust as to pronounce it . dishcnouraide. Words have lately changed their meaning, or this epithet im- LONDON : Printed by iIia:H.:INA N !WM] L LAN, (of Bow-Street, Covent-Ualden At the Sun.oiirce, No. >lb Strand ; where AfdTertistments, (Wet, f plies a Peace by which the Independence of the State, or the Liberty of Individuals has been sacri ficed ; by which . Colonies, Ships, Fortresses, or Territorial Possessions, have been given up to the Enemy ; by which the Faith of the Nation to its Allies has been violated, by which the future right of making Peace or War is left dependant -on the will of the Conqueror ; by which, in short, Com merce and Industry have been made subjed to in jurious restrictions. Who will venture to say, that he recognizes in this description the charatter cif the Treaty of London ? Is there one of its Articles which bears the slightest resemblance to any of these degrading conditions " Deviation in one point naturally leads to an other; and the spirit of Party knows .no bounds.— The whole Honour and Advantage of this Pacifica tion, has been consequently given to the three PoNers• with whom toe hat e treated. Hearing, as we do, the magnificent descriptions of the situation in which they now stand, one should h led to sup_ pose, that instead of having lost two of the .most valuable of their old Possessions, they had aftually acquired new ones; and that they were no-W opposed to us in a state nf relative and evident superiority. Had those persons, who thus tieseribe them, been content to say, that all things considered; Fiance had made as good a Peace, as she bad reason to ex ped, every impartial m e n would agree with them ; but would at the same time deny, that it i, honour, able to her, since she has only recovered hstr own Possessions at the expence of those of her Allie s ._ Before wr T ait this point, it rierec , ary To rem:is-14, that the traducers of the Treaty rinnte themselves by their own arguments. It, as they incessantly assert, France, who has gained nothing ; Spain, who has lost one of her most important Colonies in the West ; and Holland, -the most valuable which she posSessed in the East Indies, -- have nevertheless made a triumphant an,l advantageous Peace, how can the same epithets be refused to that Peace by Which Great Britain, losing nothing of her own, has gained all that the others have lost ? "Pressed, however, by these unanswerable ar guments, which, in fad, embrace in a few words the whole substance of the Treaty ; refuted also in the separate discussion of each Article, the Oppo nents of the Peace retire into the darkness of futu rity, and utter from thence the most terrific pre did ions. .the Death-Warrant of Great Britain has been signed. Her• Glory will vanish like a dream. The Colossus of her Power will crumble into dust. Her Name will be erased from the Catilogue of N;tions, and to her unfortunate Inhabitants' there will remain only the vain remembrance of her firmer. gran deur." Happily these self-constituted Oracles have sufficient compassion to leave us ignorant, when and how these fatal Prophecies are to be fulfilled. Till they shall condescend to he more explicit, we shall take the liberty still to confide in the destiny of our Country, to enjoy in repose her actual Happiness, and to await what is to c ,me with calmness and se curity. 'nil the contagion of their despair shall extend to our minds its gloomy influence, we shall hardly be brought to believe, that what eight years of a most rancorous War, what Jacobinism in the fulness of its vigour, and with all the attraftions of its youth, what the Mutiny of our Fleets, the Re. beliion in Ireland, the Suspension of Payments at the Bank ; what the disasters of our Allies, the magnitude of our Debt, the enormous weight of our Taxes, the severity of the Seasons, and the sufferings of a great Body of our Countrymen, have not been able to bring about, can be produced by the very event, by which a part of these evils is removed, and the return of others precluded. We shall not easily be persuaded, that events can thus be in an inverse ratio to their causes ;. nor shall we fear, that the Vessel of State, after having weather.. ed so many Storms, will, at last, founder in a Calm, when safely moored in Port, where every means which human foresight can suggest, and human p , wer can employ, are made use of to prote4 anti secure her. prediEtions cannot command the atten tion of refit ding Men, except when they anticipate the future consequences of some powerful cause, con. cealed from vulgar observation. Of this descrip. tion were those of Mr. BURKE.. But predictions, framed in opposition to the course of obv iops causes, and which ..rest on no other basis, than the wishes and prejudiOek of Individuals, cannot counterbalance the weight of )general reason, and can ad only on minds congenial with those from which they ema nated. " The people of Great Britain have too much good sense, and are too much in the habit of being guided by what they evidently see, and clearly understand, to be affeaed by those visionary terrors ; and with all resped to the patriotism and good intention com bined with them, will separate the mixture, retain ing the ore, and rejecting the alloy. " In fad the apprehensions which may be enter tained, are reducible to two principal points, which include all the others_ Fran, I,Lay openly at contrary to the Treaty. idly. That taking the advantage of the communication which Peace has opened, she may endeavour to excite inter nal troubles amongst us. " To come at once to the second point, it may be remarked, that our Government is at present so firm ly established, and the generality of the People are so loyal, that no troubles can be apprehended of any kind, except such as may have their origin in jaco binism. Although the source of this social poison be not entirely dried up, it is however manifest, that it has almost entirely lost its power of adion, and that for some time past the symptoms of it have disappeared, not only in this Country ; but even on the Continent, and more particularly in the Coun try which gave it birth. All must agree that no Government is more interested to-repress with ri gotir, and to prevent with vigilance, every attempt against its authority, than that of France ; and every thing demonstrates that ,the doctrines of mo dern philosophy have there completely lost their credit. We do not see that they produce any positive effed in Germany, where they have more Partizans than in any other quarter ;, and it does not even appear that the French, in their last inva sion of that Country, made any attempt to bring praaice the Eights of i'vran. Whether t:le obedience to Established Governments, which at present seems to prevail over a great part of Europe, be the result of the annihilation of jacobinistn, or of the vigilance of those Governments, why should not we, in either case, be as fortunate as other Nations in this respeCt ; we, who are so much more so in many others ? Is there amongst them any one more loyal, or so generally enlightened as ourselves ? Is not the admirably proportioned de gree of Democracy, which enters into our Consti tution, and which binds tog,lher all classes and all ranks, a strong additional security, that levelling principles can make no dangerous progress ? Last ly, our Government, which was the first to guard,• and -which has been the most successful in guarding against tkese principles, will not, it may he. pre sumed, relax its vigilance ; and the recent renewal of the Alien Bill has strengthened it with powers sufficient to render it completely efficacious. " The other danger appears as little calculated to inspire any very great solicitude. A great many reasons induce one to think that the Government of France will not be disposed to infringe the Treaty. In the first place, it draws from it ad vantages sufficiently great to make it its interest to adhere to it faithfully. It has, moreover, so many wounds to heal, that it is not to he supposed it trill be inclined to open them afresh. _ln all the speeches pronounced by the Organs of Government, and by the Members of the Legislative -Bodies, we observe an anxious wish for the revival of Com wcree, Ma,luf,aurcs, and of Arts ; objeas which Peace alone can render prafticable. The part which France has a‘fted or ten years upon the Continent, will afford her yet, fol a long time, too much business, and too many embarrassments to admit of her voluntarily seeking for new ones. She has, and perhaps might again be able to carry on a Continental War at the expence of her neigh bours ; but a Naval War can only be supported at her own cost ; and she has neither revenues suffi ciently considerable, no: a credit sufficiently esta blished to supply them. So much for the National Interests of France herself. " If we consider separately the personal interests of the First Consul, they will be found to coincide with those of the French People. Having acquired his power by force, and having maintained it the first year by vidory, he has since reconciled the French to his Usurpation only by successively re storing them to a state of Peace with their various enemies. However dependant his authority and interest are on a state of tranquillity, it may be supposed that they would perhaps stand the trial of a Continental War, as ie would open to. him the prospea of triumphs, the splendour of which might maintain him in the public lavour ; but a War with Great Britain, in which it is almost certain that he would experience only losses and disasters, would prose a mortal blow to his power, or would at least shake it to its foundation. He is too well acquaint. ed with the number of his enemies, and of his rivals, and of the inconstancy of the People whom he governs, Willingly to eneannter so great a risk. "But suppose, that in spite of these reasons Bo- NAPARTE, or whoever may succeed him, should venture openly to violate the Treaty, or should aim 'blow ttr be believed that our Ministers would be weak - enough to submit patiently to the fift of these injuries, or so bli n d as not to perceive the other ? Does the Treaty tie our hands, or bind our eyes ? No ; the first insult offered to our Honour, the first injury done to our Rights, would he instantly followed by sig, nal reparation, or exemplary vengeance. The same public spirit, and the same national resources, which we have displayed for ten years with so much dis tinetion and advantage, - and of which Peace has suspended the exercise, but not exhausted the source, would soon re-appear, in all their strength, and all their lustre. The Lion would awake, and with justly rekindled fury, avenge himself on the im prudent enemy, who had disturbed his repose.— Our Seamen and our Soldiers would be again found in every country and on every ocean, and would demonstrate to the Universe, that it was magnani mity not fear, that it was power satisfied, not weakness appalled, that signed the Treaty of London. " The possibility that we may be obliged again to recur to • arms, reflcets no disgrace upon the Treaty, and 'argues nothing against it. Treaties are not more immortal than the Nations which make them ; and but few indeed have had any long duration, either in ancient, or in modern times. They are never to be considered bat as suspensions of Arms, either for a longer, or shorter time; and those have in fae - t said nothing, though they suppose themselves to have said a great deal, who have ad. vanced, that the Treaty of London is only a Truce ; for all possible Treaties are nothieg else. :Na tions should at all times be preoared to avenge their Honour, and defend their ; and oar's ...,«A r reach', or less capable of doing so than any Other. War succeeds Peace and Peace War ; it is a circle in which all Governments move incessantly. It is •no doubt to be regretted that the Temple of Janus cannot for ever shut ; but it is an evil attached to the condition of Humanity, and even to a state of Civilization, however para doxical the assertion in:iy apeear. The scourge of War can no more be avoided than the many others, Which from rime to time ‘filift the world ; and if it he allowable to lament it, is is at the same time ne cessary to learn to submit to it. (To; he coßtinued.) Arthur Coitnely, the notorious pickpocket going to New South \Vales for life, was an articled clerk to an attorney, who formerly transaeted most of the legal bt:sine§s for the London Pr;gs. Connely find ing, from the intercourse he necehsarily had with his master's 'clients, that the thieving trade was worth notice, left the law, and joined the numerous and desperate gang of bustlers who have for so many years infested the metropolis : he cootinsed with them about r 6 years, during which period he w as several times • tried on capital ch:irges at tie Old Bailey and the County ); and Published by WILLi AM ARM/CCU. SCR I, Cot Ilurse. For the raper . , Lft:rrs for' Edin7r, &c, (pit_to EDINDURCii, AUGIiST P 4. Iv Haddington Market yesterday - , wheat about is. per b)11 lower ; barley and oats nearl as last week ; pease and beans about is. dearer. On Monday last arrived in Leith Roads from a - cruize, and yesterday sailed again on a erfrze, His iViajesty's ship .4riachie. Yesterday arrived in Leith Roads from a cruze,. the Kite 510,..p of war. We are informed by a Gentleman who left the Oueeli,ferry last night, that two very large gram pus, or young whales, had grounded on the Oppo site side yeste'olay morning, and being unabl?.• io get off, were killed by some persons belonging to the North Ferry. They were towed over to the Harbour on the South side, and sold to a Gentle man there for, it is said, zol. Each measures about 26 feet in 'Vogt!), and 16 feet in breadth. On Friday evening last, a monster in human shape, with mt the least provocation, or even pre. vi6us conversation,.Niolntly assaulted and knocked down a tespenable'young woman in the Coach-yard, Birmingham, and, it is thought, would have mur dered her, hid not her sister hastened w her assist. ance, when the villain ran away. The young wo man has hcen in convulsions from that time, and is now confined, with little hopes of recovery, with 4 locked jaw, totally incapable of receiving the least . nourishment. On Saturday last. in aftprnor,r, bet of Haines and Clark, on Hounslow Heath, a- Lady : of Sunning-hill was robbed by a single high wayman, who, being itrimediateT pursued, was taken, and carried betbre PETER. HENDERsON, Esq. of &cif:int, where he will this day be re-examined. His name appears to he John 7obb,:ns, and born at Knightsbridge. The horse on ;vhich he was mount ed is of adun colour ; from the description of whiLh, and of Dobbins himself, little doubt remains of his being tile identical person who, on Thursday night last, robbed a Mr. ADAms, between Stnallbuty green and Hounslow, who afterwards, for future safety on his journey, got into the Worcester-mail coach, at the George Inn, at Hounslow. Dobbins is to be brought to llow_street this morning, in or der to meet any further charges that may be exhi bited against him. NO EMBER ENGLIS I STATIt LOTTERY, Tile First-Drawn Ticket is ,C. 2; ; Q2c, ' SCHEME. Prizes of L. 25000 6 Prizes of k. I,oo* 3 io,eco 1 8 jc.7 3 5,000 ! 9466 Prizes from tool, to ;9 Begins Drawnig 29th November 180 z. til Ito:: Prizes to be paid in Sterling Money. The Tickets, Halves; Quarters, Eighths, -and. Sixteenth Shares, Stamped pursuant to Pitt of Parlia ment, are Sold and Registered on the lowest terrns by Mr. NI c Lso N, a t his State Lottery-Office, No. 16, Cornhiil, London, opposite the Front Gate of the Rink of England ; where in the present year, No. 17,993, a Prize of zo;000l. was divided a nd sold in sixteen Shares ; No. 2°,135, a Prize of 5,0001. as first-drawn the fifth Day, August 16th, was, divided and sold in One Quarter,Two Eighths, and Eight Sixteenth Shares, and No. 20,193. a- Prize of z,oool. iu a Ticket ; and. ?:! mer Lotteries a very great proportion of the Capital Prizes. Schemes gratis.—Letters, post-paid, duly an. swered, and Country Orders carefully attended to. The very appropriate and extensive splendor of Gonsalvo de Cordova, or the Conquest of Grenada, at the Royal Circus, its very interesting story, together with the finely composed music of Reeve) occasion this Piece to stand in the first degree of estimation. The Golden Farmer also remains a fa vorite with every circle ; we find however, that this is the last week of the latter, as on Monday next, September 6th, will be presented for the first time, an entire new grand Ballet Dance composed by Mr. Byrne, with new Music, Scenery, Machhi.• nery, Dresses and Decorations, called Zamor an Zamora, or the Peruvian Boy. SHIP NEWS CRAVESEND, AUG. 30. Passed by—the Harmony, Wilson, from Minorca ; Union. Fraser, from Baltimore ; Chambers, from Bel fast ; Magneme, Brown, from Dantzic ; Northumberland Packet, Nozey, from Amsterdam ; Uriana., , front Petersburgh ; Chiswick, Poudler ; Lucy, Arnold, and Ml 3, Warden, from Jamaica. Sailed—the Anthony - Mangin, Norman, .fur Baltimore Severn, Paterson, for Dunkirk. - Maria, Apple; for. Calais; 'rwe Gebr6ders, Hakker, for kotterdam ; Thomas, Mar tin, end Esther, Stewart, for Africa. MARRIED. On Wednesday last, at. Prvtcn, the Rev. David Martirip Vicar of Leysdawn, Kent, to I\l;ss Clarke, of Houndsditc l2, Loncton. . At Rosebank, on Thursday se'nnight, Charles 'Davidsorh Es 1. of Baltimore, America, to M►ss Ann Dyce, youngest daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Dyce, merchant at A ba d een. DIED. - - On the 28th ult. at Southampton, Lady,jane Terry, si6te to the Ear' of Dysart. On the 31st of January, at Trichinopoly, Lieutenant-Col, lonel Jamc. - , Graham, scn of the late John Graham, Esq. 4 " Dugalrlston. - On Tuesday, the 24th ult . at St. Andrews, Mrs. :03 1 " rymple, relied. of Hugh Dairy:;orle, Esq. of Nunraw. • Pit/CE OP Si 0(.. i .. i- ,- YE.STER.k.II.Y. Bank Stock i India Stock Navy 5 per Cent. zco; 991 i South Sea Stock ; per Cent. 1797, rc2„ z L. xcheq. Bills s. s. ifish 5 per Cent. 1 Fundable ditto prem. ; per Cent. Con. 86 sii '3d Exchequer Bills dii. I pet' Cc n t. ked. 6S 68 . Ontnium 91 to} rot,} dis. ; per Cent. Con-68 7fft Iniper. 3 1,0 - Cent. 6.7 i _,5 Ditto Scrip Ditto Ann. 12 5-16 t.-16 3 Bank 1.. ,\nn. zoil 3-16 . tiank for opening- Ditto Short Ann. India for Acc. Ditto Scrip • Consols for O. 65 . 11 ''ir______ COURSP: OF E. .VCI-lANGE, TUESDAY, Al Amsterdam to 18/ 2 U. Ditto, at sight - to 16 Rotterdam - to 191 z us. lianwittO - 33 3 21. us. Altona - 33 4 21 US. Paris I day'sda. z 3 9 Paris 2 usance 23 17 Livres Bourdeaux, do. 23 15 Cadiz - - in paper DittO - - 361 eiledive 13G. 31. per Madrid PNC Ditto 36 ellet,t!,3 n- - - 1 \ 1 c k i c a ce :r ii c e o ae s r 4 6ifb; Lisbon - 671 Opbrto - - 4 Dublin - i3iiboa • .terry road, Westminster); idj s must be addressedh ,~ a