The Sun. — London, England, 1862-08-13 00:00:00

, I I U N " EVERY WEEK. ONE PENNY. CRYSTAL PALACE.-TO-MORROW (THUDY) ONE SHILLING. Open from Nine in the Morning till late in the Evening. 10CLONDIN, CARRYING HIS NIAGARA STOVE, WILL COOK an OMELETTE on th• E(IGEt ROPE TO-MORROW. BLONDIN TO-MORROW at the CRYSTAL PALACE, on the HIGH ROPE, in the CENTRE TRANSEPT,—Besides his other extraordinary feats, he will, on this occasion, perform his daring Niagara exploit of carry ing a stove with all the usual apparatus, and lighting a fire will cook an omelette while balanced on the rope 150 feet from the ground. To commence at Four o'clock. Admission One Shilling; Children Sixpence. Reserved Seats on the Great Orchestra Half-a-Crown ; in the Upper Gallery, nearly level with the rope, Five Shillings, enabling visitors closely to watch this wonderful feat. CANTERBURY HALL. Grand Selections from " DON SEBASTIEN" and " IL TROVATORE," ss Russell, Signor Tivoli, Mr. Raynor, Princ i pa l Artistes Miand Mr. Russell Grover. The great Comic Trio, Eugene, Duley, and Unsworth (the original Stump orator, "Or any other man." Also the fol low -bag Comic favourites—Marshall, as " Lord Dundreary ;" 0 - . G . Fordo, A. B. Hollingsworth, and Miss Georgina Smithson. Visito to rs to London are informed that the Picture Gallery i s open the public on Sunday evenings. T H E OXFO R D, 6, OXFORD STREET. Verdi's "IL CORSARO " Every Evening, by Miss Russell, ;Messrs. Morley, Greene, and Albert, with Full Band and Chorus ; the Comic performances of Miss Caroline Parkes and Mr. W. Randall, the Ethiopian oddities of Rumsey, Newcomb, Little Bob, Eugene, and Unsworth (the original " or any other man'", and the astounding feats on the Flying Trapeze of DEBONNAIRE. Hall, 6d.; Balcony and Stalls, is. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. Res For full particulars of amusements see first page. THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. This Event= A KISS IN THE DARK. After which To , the fi rs t part of the Arab Enterta inment at half-past 7. be follow ed by THE COLLEEN HAWN. To conclude with THE ARABS OF THE DESERT. A Troupe of the Beni- Zoug-Zoug. Commence at 7. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. This AMERICANH OUT OF WTER. After which, OUR COUSIN. With CELOS And THE CHRISTENING. Commence at 7. NEW THEATRE -ROYAL, ADELPHI. This Evening,_OUß CLERKS. HORSEBREAKERE. After which, MD And EA. rollowed by THE FRETTY TILL SHILLING DAY. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. This Evetiin,_,, THE RENDEZVOUS. After which, at a rter to 8, . KING HENRY VIII. With THE TWO gLIS• Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Thiel Evening, PEEP O'DAY. Followed by KILLAtt.- NEy. Conclude with THE COLLEEN SETTLED AT LAS'T. Commence at 7. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE . This Evening, MAZEPPA. Brilliant Scenes in the Circle. Concluding with a Comllet. Co ic mm ßa ence at 7. MR. an d MRS. CHARLES M A.TH ym arket, This EWS " AT ROME," at Her Majesty 'a Concert Room, Ha Evening. Commence at 8. W. S. SVOODIN'R CABINET OF CURIOSITIES, 7olygraphie Sall, Sing Williastreet, Charing -Cron Commence at 8. ARGYLL ROO/vIS, Great I Vindmill•street, Hay every even ing, for Hay market. Open Promenade and Dancing. NOTICE. Ail remittances are, henceforth, to be made to Mr. JOHN CHAPLIN, at The Sun office, 112, Strand, who has been appointed, by the Lord Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun newspaper, and the outstanding debts due in respect thereof. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 4h. 3m.—Afternoon, Oh. 23m, TO.MORRow.-Morning, 4h. 40m.—Afternoon, 4h, 58m, THE SUN, bONOON, WE SD 4V EVENING, AUGUST 13, 1862. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 13, 1862 The Garibaldiane in Sicily are not yet it appears dispersed. The fact is acknowledged even in the advices coming to us from Turin. It is certainly added that GARIBALDI—whiIe still retaining 3,000 men under his banners—finds himself without any of the " sinews of war," without money and with out provisions, without ammunition, without even the ghost of anything in the shape of an organised commissariat. We may believe, of course, exactly as much of this as we please. Remembering—how but a few days since, according to the tame trust worthy authority, it was confidently predicted that the General would find it impracticable to collect together for his new enterprise even 100 adherents ! How almost within twenty-four hours afterwards that scarcely imaginary band of 100 hed miraculously become transformed into a substantial body of 800 Garibaldians ! How, ac cording to the very next telegram, those 800 were confessed to be 3,000 at the very least ! Afterwards —nay, as recently as yesterday—the followers of GARIBALDI were confidently reported to have been dispersed. And now, to-day,they are as confidently described to be in the hopeless condition but just now particularised, viz., at that " last stage of all" —sans cash, sans food, sans everything ! Yet when we come to look at the actual and ac knowledged situation of things now in Sicily, the f oregoing statement carries with it its own refuta tion. GARIBALDI is still there in Sicily at the head of his f ollowers. Proof positive — that GARI BALDI is not so entirely without the means of keeping them together, as above intimated by the Turin correspondence! Proof positive—that funds are s omehow or another at his command—that provi sions are somehow or another within his reach. As to the Garibaldians be ing without ammunition, we give a sufficiently goo d account of dare say they will themselves in that particular, directly they are en abled to discover the opportunity. As to the pro babilities, however, or their dis covering that opportunity • What is th ere in any way reliable that we can learn in reg ard to that, through a careful scrutiny and comparison of our intelligence from Northern and Southern Italy, through a collation of the tidings reaching us indi rectly, via Turin, or directly from Palermo ? Why, they' are all agreed in this—that GARIBALDI, according to the very last news we hear of him, had moved with the mass of his followers (not all together, of course, but in straggling divisions) away from that island and almost inaccessible position at Corleone, known for some time past as the Garibaldian head-quar ters ! The General in fact was on his way from Palermo to Messina. In other words, he was in process of moving his forces, numbering in all about 3,000, from one extremity of the island to the other, from the north-west to the north-cast. But from the very course he is taking while advancing from Palermo to Messina, it is tolerably evident that GARIBALDI is not acting in any way in a hurry or precipitately. On the 7th inst. he had reached i:occa Palomha. Upon the following day, that is Upon the Bth inst., he was at Santa Catarina. And as it was clearly understood among his followers that the General, on his i s road rom Palermo to Mes sina, would pass through and make a halt at Caltani setta—it becomes manifest from the geographical position of Caltanisetta relatively to Palermo in one direction and to Messina in the other, that GARI BALDI has reasons for taking his time in traversing with hits little patriot army the mountainous (Ha tricts of Sicily ! For the route he is thus following marks out a very considerable deflection from any direct line drawn from Palermo to Messina. Tracing out a strait line between those two cities, and then tracing also the route now being taken by GARIBALDI via Caltanisetta—we have the outline of a bow defined upon the map of Sicily. With the strait line (the line not followed by GARIBALDI) as the string of it—and Caltanisetta as the centre of the arch of the bow itself. Having passed through that inland but southern town of Sicily, the Garibaldians—continuing their route by a north easterly bend upwards towards Messina (a bend resembling the south-westerly one they will then have traversed in their present march from Palermo) —will have to pass about midway between Mount Etna and Mount Madonna before reaching their destination. That is, before entering Messina. A week perhaps may be thus occupied, counting merely from the date of GARIBALDI'S advance from his recent headquarters contiguous to Palermo, to wit, from Corleone, through Rocca Palomba, through Santa Catarina, and so on to Messina via Caltanisetta. An in. terval not unwisely set aside thus—to the good! For whatever the Ratazzians may affect to believe to the contrary, the royal troops will hesitate to cross swords, in deadly enmity, in a conflict a l'outrance with that band of 3,000 red shirts, headed by GARIBALDI ! And whatever may be asserted, in regard to the effect produced by the Royal Proclamation against GARIBALDI, the prestige of GARIBALDI'S popularity remains yet alto gether undiminished. His new enterprise is regarded, and with only too much reason, as rash, as ill timed, as imprudent, and as some hesitate not to pronounce it, mad and insensate. But—even those Italians who talk thus of the original design of this new movement, recognise that GARIBALDI has been deluded into it : that he has been, in a manner, " fooled to the top of his bent," and then deserted, cast aside, and repudiated by the Government at Turin ! GARIBALDI'S honesty, his. consistency are now recognised more eonspicuously,if that be possible, than ever, and this by friend and foe alike. And all the while that he is still k eep i n g his footing in Sicily, the youth of Italy upon the peninsula, idolising the very name of the hero, are becoming more and more upon the alert every day for any possibleopportunity ! Already— GARIBALDI thus holding his ground the while in Sicily among the thickly wooded slopes of those inland mountains—already it is confidently hinted at Genoa, by the correspondent of one of our morn ing contemporaries, that Ricesou, the late Italian Prime Minister, has openly avowed himself to be in favour of an armed rising for the purpose of taking Rome ! The very enterprise of GARIBALDI! The corresponent here alluded to puts this statement forth under date Genoa, the 10th inst., and writes of it thus confidently : "An authentic autograph letter of RICASOLI'S is in circulation, in which he declares that the only way to have Rome is to take it arms in hand; that he is willing to go as a simple soldier, convinced that the Italians will never have Rome for their capital until the hinges of the Roman gates are greased with Italian blood. This is no canard," adds the correspondent, "but a fact." Such is the latest intelligence from Genoa. The latest from Naples intimating that the people there were eagerly awaiting the advent of GARl- BALDl—unknowing at the time possibly that the General was (as we have here described him to be) deli berately on the road, at the head of his men, making his way among the Sicilian mountains towards Messina. It is a tangled skein enough at the very best — this thread (still being slowly unravelled) of the story of the Italian war of independence ! The most intricate knot of all being tied yet firmly—at Rome. For the sake of Europe as well as of Italy, it is earnestly to be hoped and prayed for, that that Gordian Knot may yet be unravelled adroitly by the dexterous hand of Diplomacy! Instead of the immediate Future for italy,even it should be said for Europe, being staked upon the " hazard of a die" as to whether that new knot upon the Wheel of Fortune shall be severed by the sword of GARI BALDI or by that of NAPOLEON. What is the real drift of Mr. SEWARD'S long let ter to the European Governments ? Lord RUSSELL truly observes that there is no proposal in it upon which the British Government was required to come to any conclusion, yet it was, of course, written with an object. Long as it is we looked it through more than once to ascertain that object, and all we can make of it is, that it attempts, first, to convert European Governments to the belief that the Fede rals were on the point of complete triumph, and, secondly, to warn us intermeddlers against inter vention. It is, indeed, remarkable how the fear of some kind of interposition on the part of Europe has haunted the Federal mind. They even gave thanks to the ALMIGHTY that Europe had not in tervened, esteeming it, it seems, a special favour from Heaven that they were left to kill and be killed, to sicken and let sicken, to die and let die, without interruption. The letter also, like a for mer one from the same pen, is designed to instruct us not only in international duties, but in our own interests. But who would have thought that a Government whose exorbitant prohibitory tariffs have almost ruined the commerce between Europe and the States, should, after creating this wilful and per verse derangement of trade, write;—"That the industrial systems of Western Europe and the United States, including their agriculture, manu factures and commerce, are, in some respects to be regarded less as distinct national systems than as one general combination of agricultural, manufac turing, and commercial agencies, in which a jar in one country necessarily produces disturbance in all others, so that a serious disorganisation of the machinery employed in production here cannot fail to result in derangement, probably in disaster, every where abroad." If Americans know these things why not act on their knowledge, and why do their best to b r eak up the " general combination," net i 7 by a blockade, but by prohibitory tariffs. Th e great complaint, however, of Mr. SEWARD is that European Governments doubted or actually disbelieved t he possibility of the" Great salvation," meaning by the express ion,no,tbywhaitt, Christians t stia th n e s w ould generally u nderstand salvation of the 'Lean Union. Mr. SEWARD therefore rehearses the grou nds of faith in "that great salvation"—unfortunately, by the time his letter reache s the English prase, almost all these grounds of faith, are become reaßouti for scepticism. So far from the Mississippi being i n the hands of the Federalists, Vicksburg and Baton Rouge debar them from its most important section, and the Arkansas threatens to annihilate the —e ra , squadrons at leisure. All the Border States, i n _ eluding Maryland itself, bristle with Secession sentiments, swarm with guerillas, and can be kept down only within the range of Federal guns. Whether the "credit of the Confederates be dead" or not, it suffices to keep armies on foot which every where confront, and sometimes rout and repulse, the Federal forces. And instead of " the power of the losing faction growing less and Ices," the Confederacy has never been so strong, vigorous, and hopeful, as at this moment. Mr. SEWARD wrote. on the 28th of May—it is now the middle of August--the events of the interim have made his 1 letter sadly out of date. It makes one smile to read now such grandiloquently confident language as the following :—" It is a simple fact that loyalty re-appears everywhere just so fast as the suc cesses of the Government are deemed sufficient to afford a guaranty for reliance upon its protection. The dis-Unionists, even in their strongest holds, are not a people, but only a faction, surpassing the loyal in numbers, and silencing them by terrors and severities in many places ; but, never theless, too few and feeble to prevent the return of any district or any State to the Union, in the presence and under the protection of the Federal authorities." Where is all this true, we ask, at New Orleans ! in Tennessee ? in Norfolk ? or it is true even in Kentucky and Baltimore ? We are favoured next with a long homily on slavery, under which head it is demonstrated that the Federal Government has been all kindness and consideration both to slaves and masters. He tells us that African slavery is abating the power of the South—and would have us believe 111 Negro good will to the upholders of the Fugitive Slave Lax, and on the danger, if the war goes on, of a servile insurrection. This topic, however, is introduced chiefly to warn the nations of Europe, of what they must suffer if such a war began ! It is very kind of Mr. SEWARD to care so for our looms and our industry; only, we imagine that if he really cared about that he would advocate the withdrawal of the blockade which alone is the cause of suffer. ing to European industry. We can but fear that Mr. SEWARD shares the general pleasare felt by Americans in the distress of Lancashire, and is afraid that with such excellent reasons for breaking his blockade, France and England may determine to need Mr. SEWARD'S tender care no longer. Lord RUSSELL'S brief notice of this long wordy document, needs no comment from us. Every one will read it with entire concurrence. Writing on the 28th of July, he had the advantage of a series of Confederate successes, which, without argument from him, refuted half Mr. SEWARD'S self-compla cent reasonings. He needed but to mention them. For the rest his lordship could say with a truth which would tinge Yankee cheeks with shame if they could blush for anything—" Down to the pre sent time, her MAJESTY'S Government have pur sued a friendly, an open, and a consistent course. They have been neutral between the two parties to a civil war. Neither the loss of the raw material of manufacture, so necessary to a great portion of our paople, nor the insults constantly heaped upon the British name in speeches and newspapers, nor the rigour beyond the usual practice of nations with which the QUEEN'S subjects attempting to break the loose blockade of the Southern ports have been treated, have induced her MAJESTY'S Government to swerve an inch from an impartial neutrality." The Right Hon. BENJAMIN DISRAELI once learned by heart and delivered as his own, in honour of our great departed general, an eloquent page from a French funeral oration. But we are quite confident that what he had learned by heart was really hit own, when on the first of this month, in a peroration of antitheses, he bid his farewell to the Tory chances of the Session. It was altogether Disraelitic. The reader of Coningsby would swear to it. " Liberal opinions" were pitted against "popular principles which assert equal rights, civil and religious ;" " individual tyranny " against "popular outrage ;" " Democracy" against " Oli garchy ;" "vindicating the honour of the country" against "turbulent diplomacy"—while Toryism was pictured as a "Flee aristocracy" which rejoices in " lightening taxation," in " frugally but wisely administering the public treasure," in "spreading education," in " defending local governments," and in being " as jealous for the rights of the working man, as for the prerogative of the Throne and the privilege of the Senate." How can "we the people of England," be stolidly insensible to such a charmer ! How can we but adapt the Mahom medan creed to our case and exclaim--" Great is Toryism, and DISRAELI is its apostle !" Save us —save us from a Liberal party which quarrels with its Government, almost as Mr. DISRAELI'S more timid, or more unmanageable, or more honest should-be supporters quarrel with him. We confess to some misgiving in venturing to comment on a sentence or two in the last inspira tions of the Tory Koran--the last scrawl on the shoulder-of -mutton blades, picked up by indus trious reporters. But, what meant that first con trast between liberal opinions and popular prin ciples ? Our prophet seems to give a clue to his visions when he says of the former that:" any one may fashion them to his fancy," and of the latter that they "assert equal rights, civil and religious," Now we have had much longer experience of " Liberal opinions" than the honourable member, for we did not throw them off almost as soon as we had professed them, yet we cannot recognise the characteristic of " fashioning them according to o ur fancy." Up to Friday, the first of August, we did not know it was doubted that Liberals held them selves responsible to justice and right for the many, just as Tories do to privilege for the few. But w hen we hear of "popular principles as distinguished from those of liberals by asserting " equal civil and re ligous rights," Good Heavens ! we exclaim, has the vision of GABRIEL confused the utterance of our prophet ? Why, in his uninspired Wednesday sittings he has been fighting, flanked and backed by all the bigotry of the country against equal reli gions and civil rights for all; and only a few minutes before he had been glorying in these same perfor mances. It has been strongly suspected that MAHOMET'S mutton bones got sadly out of order, and hence the apparently incoherent rhapsodies of the Arab Bible; we strongly suspect, also, that our great " Bedoveen Arab" must have handed his in, in wrong order, to the too faithful reporters. Lord STANLEY, we know, upholds " religious equality ;' but we always find him separating himself from Mr. DISRAELI and the Tories on these subjects. As to equal civil rights, like equal religious rights, they have been our " principles" and " opinions" since we can remember ; once they were Mr. Dis- RAELl'S—that they are " popular," we believe; but to hear a Tory chief claim them, we can only repeat the old question—Risum teneatis amici— take care lest you burst your sides. Looking at other revelations, we feel again almost as much puzzled to make the sentences of our prophet coherent with facts, as MAHOMET'S successors must have been to make his sentences co herent with each other. For the life of us we can not see how genuine Tories can be anything better substantially than oligarchs. Their "Few" may comprise more or less—but if it is a minority of the nation which enjoys the select privileges, then it is a literal oligarchy. If it is a majority, why then it is su b stant i ally a d emocracy. T he many are mas ters, and t a k e care t o ma k e o th er s f ee l it. And what i s this " Free A r i s t ocrac y ?" An Aristo cr acy free t o f orce its demands on the people, or, on the contrary, f ree to do what it likes with other people's and all the own—free to appropriate to itself all the great things good things of the State ? Aris tocraciesbe kind tend, so far as we know, to oligarchies. come of every g secured to themselves ez o ts iye privileges, they 23, 'Yve heaven and + earth, work now by violence, now by cun ning to occupy the seat of real power. They have, all history through, endeavoured to control both the throne and the people, and In.ve driven these two to support each other against the aristocracy,which knows no other freedom than that of making free with the rights of both. «A free aristocracy !" Never has any country known what freedom w as till it could i m p ose some c h ec k on its aristocracy. Its freedom always meant, in its own vocabulary, something different to what was meant by freedom for other people. The political struggle of civilisation—to a great extent successful in this country—has always been, to give the word the same meaning, whether it applied to a noble or a commoner. But what right an artificially created class in a nation have to ask any other freedom than that shared by all, we must leave the Tory IChief Prophet to explain. THE PAPER CURRENCY IN AMERICA. The New York: World gives the following sum mary of the extent of the paper currency already authorised in the United States. Its amount in sterling, including the £30,000,000 in circulation by the banks in the various States before the commencement of the Government issues, is £112,000,000; and the writer asks, as the total of the legal tender notes yet put forth is only £14,000,000, and the result has been a premium on gold which has touched 20 per cent., what is likely to be the relative value of paper and specie whe* the whole of the remaining £68,000,000 shall have been poured out When Mr. Chase's paper schenes are carried out ac cording to the acts of Congress, now become laws, our paper currency will be as follows : Mr. Chase's legal tender notes, by Act of Dols. February, 1862 150,000,000 Mr Chase's legal tender notes, by Act of June, 1862 _ 150,000,000 Legal tender postage stamp bill, by Act of July 17, 1862 Bank note circulation before the passage of the Act in February, 1862 Probable increase since then, upon the deposit of legal tender notes Total 560,000,000 COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, AVOUST 10. The Queen, accompanied by Princess Hohenlohe, Prin cess Helena, and Princess Beatrice drove out yesterday. Princess Louise, attended by the Marchioness of Ely, went out riding. Mr. Helps left the Castle yesterday. _ _ AtGUST 11. The Queen, Princess Hohenlohe, Princess Helena, Prin cess Louise, Prince Arthur, and Prince Leopold attended Divine service at Balmoral yesterday. The Rev. Mr. Tulloch, Principal of St. Andrew's, officiated. The Prince of Wales, attended by Lieutenant-General Knollys and Captain Grey, arrived at the Castle. Her Highness the Princess de Ligne and Princes Charles and Edward de Ligne have left the Clarendon Hotel for the Continent. The Earl of Westmoreland ha 3 left Apthorpe Park for the Earl of Stamford and Warrington's seat, Enville Hall, Staffordshire. The Earl and Countess Russell have left Rich• mond Park for Ireland. Viscount and Viscountess Barrington have arrived in town from a tour of visits. The noble lord and her ladyship leave town on Friday for Beckett House, Berks. The Count and Countess de Pourtalis and family have arrived at Brown's Hotel. The marriage of Viscount Holmesdale with Lady Julia Cornwallis is fixed to take place on the 23d of next month. The Hon. John H. Anderson, Mrs. Anderson, and family have left Brawn's Hotel for Scotland. The Chevalier d'Oliveira has just arrived from Lisbon at the Portuguese Legation. Major-General Cameron has arrived at the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. We are informed that Sir John D. Harding, D.C.L., has resigned the highly responsible and confidential office of Queen's Advocate, which he has held ten years, having been selected in 1852, by Lord Derby, as successor to Sir John Dodson, who was made judge of the Arches Court on the occasion of the death of Sir Herbert Jenner Fust. Failing health is, we regret to hear, the cause of Sir John Harding's retirement, which places a valuable piece of patronage at the disposal of the present Government. It has been Sir John Harding's fate to advise the Government (whether Whig or Tory) on the international questions that arose during the Russian and Italian wars, on the affair of the Charles et Georges, and on the recent more momentous incident of the Trent. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOClETY.—Not withstanding the departure from town of a large number of the aristocracy, the garden of this society continues to be numerously and fashionably attended. Among the dis tinguished personages who have honoured the garden with a visit during the past week were the following, viz. :-- Prince Lucien Napoleon, the Duchess of Somerset, the Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster, the Marquis and Marchioness of Waterford, Lord Craven, Lord Cosmo Russell, Lady William Paulett, Lady Louisa Thynne, Lady Ebury, the Right Hon. B. and Mrs. Disraeli, Sir John and Lady Burgoyne, Sir R. Howard, &c. DEATH OF VISCOUNT DUNGANNON.—We have to announce the death of Viscount Dungannon, which took place on Monday last at his residence in Grafton-street, Bond -street. Arthur Hill-Trevor, Viscount Dungannon and Baron Hill, in the peerage of Ireland, was the son of the second Viscount by the eldest daughter of the first Lord Southampton, and was born in Berkeley-square on Nov, 9, 1 7 98 , and educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1820, and M.A. in 1825. He married, in 1825, the daughter of Mr. George d'Arcy Irvine, of Castle Irvine, Fermanagh, and succeeded his father in 1837. He was appointed a major of the North Salop Yeomanry Cavalry in 1350, a deputy •lieutenant of Salop in 1852, and high sheriff of Flintshire in 1855, He represented New Romney in the House of Commons in 1830, and Durham in the parliament of 1831, as well as from 1835 to 1841, and was patron of one living. As an author he was known as having written the " Life and Times of William Prince of Orange." FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—At the last sitting a communication was received from Dr. Boudin' in reply to the objections made by M. Isidor to some of his remarks on the dangers of marriages between relations. M. Isidor denied that the frequency of such marriages among the Jews favoured the birth of deaf-and-dumb children, and he also called in question the exactness of various numerical data used by Dr. Boudin. The latter in his last paper, re-assserts their exactness ; and, on the other hand, refuses to admit certain allegations of M. Isidor's. Thus, the latter affirms that in Paris there are not more than three or four deaf and-dumb in a population of 25,000 Israelites, while Dr. Boudin shows from statistical documents that the number of Jews in the whole department of the Seine does not amount to more than 11,000.—M. Beaudouin wrote on the subject of the consanguinity among cattle, stating that for the last 22 of consanguinity he has been experimenting on a flock of 300 merino sheep, which, during that lapse of time, has been carefully preserved from all mixture with other sheep ; so that, if consanguinity could be injurious, its evil effects must be perceptible in this case. The author then affirms that his flock has never presented symptoms of degeneracy kind, but is, on the contrary, extremely vigorous and healthy ;but, on the other hand, he frankly admits that he h ofe a a s aint c hy oYnbtantly selected the best and strongest subjects for the purpose of propagation. M. Dareste sent in a descrip* tion of a monstrou s bi rt h , b e i ng th at o f two chickens join e d together by their pelvian extremities, one of the chickens being acephalous. The two vertebral columns, situated at right angles to each other, merge into one at their point of junction. The Constitution of Auxerre* (Yonne) relates a horrible event which took place two days ago in that town. A mason named Desveaux, who has been for some years labouring under a serious malady which prevented him from working, took advantage of the absence of his wife and his eldest child to hang his two younger ones and him self. When his wife returned home she found the door of the room fastened. A feeling of alarm came over her, as she had several times heard her husband talk of committing suicide, and a locksmith was sent for. On the door being opened: a dreadful sight presented itself, that of the hus band and the two children hanging from a beam across the room, and all dead. A chair was found lying in the room on which he must have stood and then kicked away from under him. The melancholy scene had such an effect on the poor woman that her mind became affected, and fears are entertained that she will never recover her reason; " MUGGY WEATHER."—To most persons this particular kind of weather is most oppressive, not flt to do anything upon, but a photographer takes a very different view of it, He calls that weather "muggy" which is the best adapted for taking a person's " mug."—Punch. A EUROPEAN OPERATION.—A distinguished surgeon has urgently advised Louis Napoleon immediately to withdraw the French army from Rome, on the ground that it excites that inflammation in Italy which is neces sarily produced by the presence, in any important part, of a foreign body,—Anot, LATESI I NEWS. c4t 44f \ oi t " c l >r r THE SUN. AMERICA. NEW YORK, AUG. 1 (Evening). (Per North America, via Quebec and Londonderry.) The present position of General M'Clellan's army is said to be good for defence, but neither favour able for offensive purposes nor for a retreat. The Confederates maintain their lines south of the Cbickahoukiny, in M'Clellan's rear, and are massing bodies of troops on the opposite side of James River. They also hold the line of the river between the Federals and Richmond, and have erected strong batteries on both sides of the river, which they likewise hold for some distance below General M'Clellan's position. General Jackson is reported to be preparing to attack General M'Clellan or Pope, but nothing defi nite can be ascertained of their movements. The Confederates opened fire on the 31st ult. with light artillery, from the opposite bank of the James River, on the Federal mail-boats and shipping and the encampment near Harrison's Landing, killing and wounding several Federals. The Federal bat teries replied, and silenced the Confederates. Seven vessels of Porter's mortar fleet have arrived at Hampton Roads, and five more are expected. It is supposed that they will be employed to re duce Fort Darling. A new Merrimac and another ram, built at Rich mond, have appeared in the James River, and come down as far as the Turkey Bend. The Federal gun boats took up a position in line of battle, but no engagement ensued. General Pope has advanced to beyond Warren town. His army is said to be very strong in num bers. The Confederates are reported in heavy force at Gordonsville. They have several rams and steamers up the Yazoo River, and have erected batteries to prevent the ascent of any hostile force. It is reported from Cairo that 10 iron-clad gun boats, purchased by the Confederates in England, have forcibly broken the Mobile blockade, and that Mobile is now open. The report is not credited, but nevertheless causes immense excitement. The Governor of Kentucky has convened the Legislature to consider the military situation in Kentucky, as also the late action of the Confede rates (?) touching slavery, and to provide for the safety of Kentucky institutions. Guerilla conflicts are active all over the Border States. It is generally supposed that drafting will com mence in the State of New York in the middle of August. Several persons have been arrested in the streets of New York for speaking unfavourably of war, and declaring that they could not suffer drafting. The news of the withdrawal of Mr. Lindsay's motion for intervention in the English House of Commons was favourably received here. Great sickness prevails on board the Federal fleet before Vicksburg. More than half the crews are unfit for duty. It is rumoured that the fleet will return to Memphis. TURIN, AUG. 13. A circular issued by the Emancipation Society of Genoa, provocative of civil war, has been seized. The Discussione of to-day publishes intelligence from Palermo, stating that the embarkation of Garibaldians who intended to pass through the Straits of Messina had been prevented by cruisers. The official Gazette contains despatches from Palermo, stating that the public mind in that island continued tranquil_ Demonstrations had been made in some dis tricts, but were not favoured by the population. The troops which were arriving at Palermo were well received. The royal troops who marched through the streets after the failure of the attempted demons tration in that city were loudly cheered. NAPLES, AUG. 12. A demonstration has taken place in the Via To ledo, at which cries were raised of " Rome or death!" " Garibaldi for ever !" The crowd dispersed upon being warned by the police. REGGIO, AUG. 12. The royal princes have arrived here, and were enthusiastically received. CATANIA, AUG. 12. The municipality of this town, the working men's associations, and many of the leading citizens have sent a deputation to Garibaldi declaring that Cata nia desired to remain faithful to the constitution of the monarchy, and that if Garibaldi entertained other sentiments than these he would not find a party favourable to his views in Catania. TURIN, AUG. 12, Evening. In the Chamber of Deputies to-day the bill was agreed to, granting the concession for constructing railways in the Island of Sardinia to the firm of Semenza in London. The Chamber also approved the works for the improvement of the port of Ancona, and granted a subsidy for instituting experiments upon the inven tion of Signor Agulio for ascending the gradients of railways with ordinary trains. ST. NAZAIRE, AUG. 12. The mail steamer Florida, from Vera Cruz, on the 15th ult., arrived here to-day. The sanatory condition of Mexico, the Havana, and Martinique was good. PARIS, AUG. 12. The papers of this evening publish intelligence from Orizaba, stating that the French troops had repulsed several attacks. The P► esse says that an Italian squadron has been ordered to concentrate at Ancona for the pur pose of watching the shores of the Adriatic. FRANCE. BOURSE, Aug. 12.—The market has recovered some little buoyancy, and a fair amount of business has been transacted at a slight improvement in prices, Threes, for the Account, being now at 68f. 80c. The Railway Share Market has been also firmer. The market closed as follows 4t per Cents. 9B Bank Shares 3170 Do end month.... Crddit 1 oncier 1227 50 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 80 Italian Loan 7O 55 New 3 per Cents .. .= ..... Roman Credit Mobilier.... 810 s pan i, h Th rees _ .._ Do. end month.... 845 , flume Debt thorities. It was supposed, and very loudly trum peted abroad by the Russian agents, that the nomi nation of the Grand Duke Constantine to the post of Viceroy, and his presence here, would be a fore runner of the mitigation of the sufferings entailed on the Poles, and lead to many reforms in the actual system. Alas what a sad disappointment At the moment I write these lines we hear of no thing else here but arrests, court-martials, and a new organisation of secret police. What cheering prospects for the future after more than ten months of the state of siege. The most revolting occur rence is the arrest of Madame Zaleski, who, whilst in her bed, with a friend staying in the house, had been pounced upon by the police in the dead of the night, compelled to dress before them, as well as her friend, and both carried to the cita del, where they still remain. The servants shared the same fate, and the only being that was left behind was an orphan child, whom Madame Za leski took under her protection. Such a proceed ing can only be characterised as eminently barba rous, for to wage a war with defenceless women is most derogatory to the dignity of man. And is it to be wondered at that such conduct on the part of the Government should not provoke vio lent and even criminal attempts, of which War saw has recently been the theatre ? The Govern ment, instead of quieting, irritates the people, and drives them almost to despair. Every allusion as to the new reforms being introduced, and so much made of in some papers published in France and England, has vanished away and the confidence in the many promises is completely destroyed. These so-called reforms only figure on paper, and the Government never dreams of carry ing them into effect. In lieu of them, the remo fel ling of the police has been executed with a marvel lous rapidity, and the agents ran a race one with another as to who are to bring the first victim. To arrest one person, swarms of policeme❑ and gend armes proceed to, and surround the house, and if they fail to discover the suspected individual they then lay a perfect siege to the adjoining houses until they have succeeded in their mission. In this manner many have been arrested, chiefly among the workmen in different manufactories. Besides those, others have been imprisoned, viz., Mr. Peter Braclowski, Professor of the College at Kobbiola, Mr. Broneslas Gruczynski, a public functionary, and three students, ZAborowski, Kuczynski, and Kioskowski. All the pupils of the preparatory school in Warsaw, at the very moment of their de parture for the forthcoming vacation, have been stopped, and none is allowed to leave the metro polis. The same arbitrary order has also been ex tended to the Professors, all of whom are stupified and annoyed beyond measure. The reason for this sudden edict is the imaginary conspiracy invented by the police, at the suggestion of the higher authorities, in order to have a pretext for continu ing the oppression, and an excuse before the public opinion of Europe to act as they do. But even this abominable trick cannot last long, for Europe knows that there is no occasion for plots and conspiracies, as the whole country from one end to another con spires mostly by proclaiming loudly the tyranny and bad faith of their Muscovite rulers ; and but for the dignity and prudence with which the majority of the nation manifest these feelings, Poland would have ere long been driven to acts of frenzy and despair. Nothing can be more injurious to the national caase than these constant rumours of conspiracy, which can easily be traced to the German press, ever so inimical to the Poles, and to the telegrams circulated over Europe by the Russian agency. The public in England should know from what manufactory those telegrams proceed. In my last I mentioned to you the pith of the official report presented to the municipality on the prisons of Warsaw. This document has startled every one here, and it was believed that in its own interest the Government would allow it to be pub lished, as it showed in its true light the never- to be-forgotten presidents who used to fill it with the prisoners, Generals Pilsudzkoj and lirzysanowskoj. However, such is not the case, the President of the municipality has, instead of praise, received a severe reprimand for the appearance of this report. A levee of recruits in Poland for the Russian army is announced to take place on tho lot October next, and is to be carried out without regard to the men being married and having a family, among the artisans and factory workmen chiefly. We may well expect some horrible scenes, and perhaps, also a great resistance. It is said that the Council. of State are preparing a law with a view to the increase of taxation which already weighs so heavily upon the people. The duty on stamps which affects most all the classes is be doubled. A sum of 3 0 0,000 roubles has been ordered from the Public Treasury for the repairs of the Royal Castle, in which the Grand Duke Constantine is to take his winter quarters. Surely his Imperial Highness in the midst of the prevailing poverty in Poland might put up with his present elegant and comfortable residence in the Palace of Belvedere. A rumour circulates here that the Russian Go vernment gave orders to arrest 22 Russian gentle men, who are now abroad, as they re-enter the Russian frontier on their way home, One is at a loss to understand such an order ; but some think that it has a connection with the wide conspiracy in Russia. The popularity of the Marquis Wielopolski is fast diminishing, even among his own sycophants—and his influence with the Grand Duke Constantine has been very much shaken. Others, among whom is Count Chreptouisy, the late Russian Ambassador in London have arrived to form a sort of secret council, and to advise his Imperial Highness on all state matters. GARIBALDI'S 1120 YEMEN TS. The ltioniteur has the following on the affairs of Sicily : "A manifestation which was to have taken place at Palermo, in favour of Garibaldi, has completely failed before the good sense and calm attitude of the population. In the interior of the island the bands become weaker and weaker by desertions, the volunteers dispersing in great numbers, and demanding passes to return to their homes. All the Italian journals, with the exception of the Mezzinian organs, deelare themselves with patri • otic indignation against this levy of bucklers of the ex-dictator. The words attributed to Garibaldi are published with the most ener getic blame by nearly the whole of the Italian journals. It is true that no official confirma tion has yet been received of the incredible harangue attributed to the General at his camp of Rocca-Palomba, and the despatch itself which transmitted it did not appear very positive as to the correctness of the words given. Details and inci dents, however, are not wanting to enable an opinion to be formed of the tendencies of the Garibaldian enterprise." The France publishes the following :—" The news from Italy continues very grave. Garibaldi, by an order of the day, dated from his head-quarters, has given to the forces he has eolleeted the title of Army of Italian Independence.' He announces his early arrival in the kingdom of Naples, and de clares that great events will be accomplished at no distant date." A Palermo journal publishes the two following letters, which prove the excitement of the public mind in that city : `' Valorous Captain of the People' The country calls her children to the defence of her proper right —the completion of Italian unity. Under that in • spiration I voluntarily offer you my three sons, Marius, Nicolas, and Joseph Palmieri, to whom I give my blessing. " ROSALIE PALMIERI. Garibaldi replied as follows : " Most valorous Mother,—l accept, moved and grateful, the offer which you make to me of your three sons, and I an persuaded that the country will know how to appreciate the noble sacrifice, and that other Italian mothers will follow your example. When the hour shall come, tell the three sons to whom you have given life, that I expect them in order to be their father and companion. yours heartily, " GARIBALDI." A Turin correspondent of the Debats, writing oi, the 9th says It is said that Garibaldi's inten tion is to cross over to the main land and march on Rome by the mountains. Hitherto the regular army has shown no disposition whatever to join him, and I have only heard of one, a sub-lieute nant, having deserted. It is even asserted that the spirit of the army is very decided, and that it will do its duty in all circumstances. To explain Gari baldi's conduct, some say that he expected the army to join him ; others, that he hoped France would abandon Rome. A third party offers another es planation, saying that the movement is combined for the purpose of demonstrating the necessity of giving Rome to Italy, if it is wished to stop the progress of the revolution. Such, in fact, is the view taken by the clerical journal, the Armenia. I i do not pretend to say which of these conjectures s nearest the truth ; I only relate what I hear from those around me. The fact is, that common sense will not suffice to give any reasonable explana tion of Garibaldi's enterprise. It is evidently directed against Rome, where there is a French army possessed of a moral and material force respecting which there can be no illusion. Some persons pretend that the Mazzinian party, having learned that the Roman question was near its solution, were unwilling to allow the monarchy to claim the honour of the achievement, and got up this movement to secure it for themselves. However this may be, it is a fact that the Mazzi nians are organising manifestations everywhere. They have even made the attempt here, but two gendarmes who happened to ba passing sufficed to put it down. It will probably be renewed to-,mor row. It seems that the mcst active members of the Genoa Committee have come here for the pur pose_ The Dtritto of this morning pretends that M. Mordini and his friends have no official missioz, and have never been in communication with the Ministers. All that may be literally true without the contrary being absolutely false. Such missions have always a spontaneous and ostensibly unautho rised character." Another letter from Turin, in the &sole, says- - " The road which Garibaldi is taking in the midst of the mountains is that which will lead him to Taormina, where he doubtless reckons on be:,n,7 able to embark for the Calabrias. This n - Ati rch. across Sicily, in the most dreary part of t}- 4e coun try, can be comprehended, whereas the descent of the volunteers towards Girgenti can ( Ally lead to the embarkation of a few hundre? AS o f t h em on board of some steamer. In reality the Government has received no positive Dews, w - nich shows that the telegraphic lines are interrupted in several places. I am informed that Colonel Nullo and 50 of his com panions, who hard Leen interdicted from landing at Palermo, have, succeeded in reaching another point on the coast, and that they are on their march LO join Garibaldi," THE WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 13. The Royal Mail Company's steamer Atrato, with the above mails, has arrived. She brings 135 pas sengers, 739,322 doffs. in specie, and 2,161 packages of merchandise. It was reported from Carthagena that 7,sroaquera , had marched on the Cauca with 10,000 men. A body of Antioquianians nad erite'red the town of Mariquita, but were afterwards repulsed. Mosquera had issued a decree declaring Antioqui& in a state of blockade, and prohibiting all traffic therewith. Business in Peru had improved. The elections were over, and the entire country was quiet. Con gress was to be installed on the 28th ult. It was expected that the Vice-Presidency and the Mexican question would be debated during the session. No hopes were entertained of saving the British ship Rothsay, which Went ashore on the southern. coast on the sth of June. At Valparaiso exchange on London was quoted 451 d. per dollar; freights ; 80s. to 85s. per ton. The weather at Barbadoes was favourable for the crops, which promise good returns. The crop of Indian corn was very fine. Provision market dull. Irish butter fetches 23c. per lb. Exchange at 90 days', 4871. Trade at Demerara continues dull, and without prospr_ct of improvement until the termination of the American war. Produce is scarce and tonnage abundant. Freights for sugar to London and Liverpool, 2s. to 2s. 3d. Exchange on London, 9 0 days, 476. Colonial Emigration Bonds, 2 pre' mium. Business at Jamaica is dull, and native provisions scarce. Weather intensely hot. The quarterly returns of revenue to June 30 show an increase of £16,479 compared with the corresponding p e riod Of last year. Tonnage abundant. Sales of rum, 28 ' for proof, ls. 6d. in bond. Sugar, 14s 6d. to 175. , according to quality. Exchange, 90 days, 1 Per cent. HEALTH OF LONDON DURING TIIO WEEK. (From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.) The number of deaths registered in London in the week that ended on Saturday was 1,181. The average number (corrected) for corresponding weeks in 10 previous years, 1852-61, was 1,312. The number in the present return was less by 131 than it would have been if the average rate of mortality for the beginning of August had prevailed. Diarrt,saa continues slowly to increase; it was fatal last week in 89 cases. A larger proportion Of these occurred in the Western group of districts than in any other metropolitan division. Besides the 89 deaths classed under diarrhoea, 18 wore re' ferred to cholera, chiefly "cholera infantum.." In Wick-road, Hackney, a fringe- maker,aged 58 years' died of" cholera," after three days' illness. In Nei North-street, Shoreditch, a woman, aged 76, die d of " choleraic diarrhoea." At Raven-terrace, Mile" end Old-town, a woman, aged 44 years, died of " cholera biliosa," after 52 hours' illness. At 54 t Underwood-street, Mile-end New-town, a farrier, aged 75 years, died of " cholera Asiatica" after one day's illness. The medical attendant describes the last case as " very well marked." There were deaths from smallpox in the week, and 55 from measles. Four fatal cases of the latter disease oc curred in Somers-town, four in the sub-district of St. James, Clerkenwell, six in Haggerstone East' It prevails chiefly in the east districts, and there appears to be but little of it on the south side of tb s river. Scarlatina, which was fatal in 72 cases, nurn" bered nearly a third part of these in the east divi" sion. It carried off seven children in Kensingtoa , A woman died at the age of 96 years. Last week the births of 883 boys and 874 girlsii n all 1,757 children, were registered in London. 14 the 10 corresponding weeks of the years 1852 -6.1 the average number (corrected) was 1,765. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the me sa height of the barometer in the week was 29.587 in' The reading rose to 2993 in. on Sunday, and fell t°, 29 19 in. on Thursday. The mean t em p er ature 01 the air in the week was 59.7 deg., whi c h i s 2.3 deg' below the average of the same week in 43 years O s determined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily teal perature was below the average on every day cept Tuesday. The highest day temperature and the lowest night temperature occurred on the sal° day, viz., Sunday ; they were respectively 76'8 d e g' and 48.7 deg. The range of the thermometer w as ' therefore, 28.1 deg., both on that day and in the week. The mean daily range was 19.9 deg. Thee difference between th e mean d ew point tempe rature and air temperature wa s 7.6 d eg. The mean degre e of humidity of the air was 78, complete saturation being represented by 100 . T he wind blew ge nerall y from the southwest. The mean of the highest tern' perature of th e water of the Thames was 66 '5 deg.,' the mean of th e l owest was 64 . 3 deg. A thernTott., tcr in the sun rose to 123 deg. on Sunday and A ic h day. Half an inch of rain fell in the week, of nearly half fell on Thursday. The remainder fell on Sunday, and in sma ll er amo unts on three oiler days. THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.' —The great plea of the Exhibition season was decided yesterdaY, in h favour of the Commissioners. Mr. Head, a season tick older, had summoned them to the county court for olds breach of contract in reducing the price of season tickets to,. .1a advanced period of the season. The plaintiff clainied have returned to him £4 155., the price of two tickets a_o. costs, and after a full hearing the judge decided for the de o fendants, ruling that they had a perfect right to alter th prices of admission to the Exhibition at ;their discretion. third ILA ILIVAYB. Cash. Account. Orleans. ....... ....... 1015 1012 50 Northern ......... 1000 25 New ditt0... .... ... • Lyons and Mediterranean 1097 50 .. 1097 50 Geneva ........... Southern .. Western .......... ....... Eastern .............. ........... .. Sardinian....... Austrian ........ ............. L0mbard............. 827 50 ; ; 827 60 552 50 .. 555 - 540 - .. 537 50 360 - .. 360 - 485 - .. 485 - 601 25 .. GO3 75 POLAND. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) WARSAW, AUGUST 4. The task of a foreign correspondent from this city is indeed a sad one, since he has nothing to state or chronicle except acts which throw a gloom ever the people and a lasting discredit on the au- _~