The Sun. — London, England, 1859-01-31 00:00:00

Now Ready, ADAMB E D E, By GEORGE ELIOT,' Author of " Scenes of Clerical Life." Three Vols., post Byo., £1 lls. 6d., W. Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA , COVENT GARDEN, under the sole Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison THIS EVENING will be presented an entirely new and romantic Opera, by Mr. W. Rs.lle, entitled SATANELLA ; or, THE POWER OF LOVE. Conductor—Mr.. Alfred Mellon. - To conclude with the new Pantomime of LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD ; or, Harlequin and the Wolf in Granny's Clothing, Commence at Seven, THE A TRE -ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. Lessee—Mr. E. T. Smith. THIS EVENING, LATEST FROM NEW YORK. 3lr. and Mrs. Rainey Williams. • - To conclude with the new pantomime, ROBIN HOOD ; Or, Harlequin Friar Tuck and. the Merry Men of Sherwood Forest. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, Under the Management of Mr. Charles Kean. THIS EVENING will be presented Shakspere's Tragedy of :HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. C. Kean—Gertrude, Mrs. C. Kean. After which, a new grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled KING OF THE CASTLE ; or, Harlequin Prince .C;amond and Princess Brighteyes. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING will be performed THE BUSYBODY. Messrs. Buckstone, Farren, ; Mrs. E. Fitzwilliam and Miss Reynolds. After which, a new grand Comic pantomime, entitled MOINE ; or, Harlequin and the Spirit of the Waters. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE, Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer, THIS EVENING, will be performed THE SISTER'S SACRIFICE. Messrs. Emery, Barret, and Rogers. Madame Celeste, Mrs. Keeley, and Miss Julia St. George. After which, will be produced the new Burlesque, written expressly for the Lyceum Company by Robert B. Brough, and entitled THE SIEGE OF TROY. The principal cha racters by Mrs. Keeley, Miss Julia St. George, Mrs. Weston, Miss Portman, Miss Talbot, Miss Kate Saxon, Miss E. Romer, Sec. ; Mr. Emery, Mr. Charles Young, Mr. Ellerton, Mr. J. Rogers, Mr. Barrett, &c. ; Miss Rosina Wright, Miss M. Charles, Miss Harriet Dalton, &o. To conclude with the new Comic Pantomime, replete with new tricks and mechanical devices, entitled HARLEQUIN TOY HORSE ; or, The Cremorne Fete. Clown, Mr Charles Lauri ; Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri ; Pantaloon, Mr. Henry Lauri ; Columbine, Miss Jenny Lauri. Reduced Prices—Dress Boxes, 4s. ; Upper Boxes, 38. ; Pit, 2s. • Stalls, ss. ; Gallery, Is. Box-office open from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at 7 every evening. NEW THEATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Grand Week of Attraction. On Tuesday (To-morrow) a Morning Performance of the Pantomime, at Two o'clock. THIS EVENING, THE BORGIA RING: A Legend of Stonehenge. Mr. Stuart, Mr. C Selby, Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. P. Bedford, Miss Woolgar,Miss M. Keeley, Miss K. Kelly, Mrs. BMing,ton. After which, GOOD FOR NOTHING. Messrs. J.,L. Toole, Billington, Eburne, and Miss Woolgar. To conclude with the grand Christmas Pantomime, entitled MOTHER RED CAP ; or, Harlequin Johnny Gilpin's Ride to Edmonton. Clown, Mr. Croueste ; Harlequin, Mr. Hilde brand ; Columbine, Miss Hayman ; Pantaloon, lift Lnpino ; Sprite, Mr. Le Barr. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough. THIS EVENING. THE BONNIE FISH WIFE. After which, the new Extravaganza, KENILWORTH ; or Ye Queene. ye Earle, and ye Maydenne. And THE LITTLE SAVAGE • Commence at 7 o'clock. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, Westminster-road. Lessee and Manager Mr. William Cooke. Crowded Houses Nightly. - Another high y attractive and successful Drama. THIS EVENING, and during the week, the grand Spec• tacle of THE GIPSY GIRL OF MADRID ; or, The Edict of Spain. After which, the inimitable SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. Wm. Cooke's beautiful and highly-trained palfries and ponies, and the Star Riders of Europe. To conclude with the great Operatic and Burlesque Equca rian Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN BARON MUN CHAUSEN, AND HIS COMICAL CREAM COB CRUISER. Baron Munchausen, Mr. W. Anson ; Harlequin, Mr. H. Hemmings ; Pantaloon, Mr. Morley; Clown, Mr. A. magnificent. The new scenery, including the matchless re- F. Forrest, the Grimaldi of the day ; Columbine, Miss Julia Weston. Brilliant and unsurpassable Transformation Scene, with dazzling effects of Colour and Fire. Gorgeous Scenery, and every incident in bustling reality, from Regent-street to the "New Palace for the People, at Muswell Hill," Dress Circle, 4s. ; Boxes, 35.; Pit, 2s, ; Gallery, Is. ; Upper Gallery, 6d. e Manager, Mr. R. Phillips. . 1 CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road.— Proprietor —C. MORTON. The public is most respectfully informed that the FINE ARTS GALLERY, in connection with the above Hall, IS NOW OPEN DAY AND NIGHT, from 11 o'clock a.m. until 12 O'clock p.m. The New Gallery contains an extensive Collec tion of 'Pictures, by Ancient and Modern Masters .and is also devoted to Art productions generally. The Proprietor feels he may confidently assert that, viewed altogether, the exist ing Music Hall, the New Fine Arts Gallery, and the recently added Ante-Hall, will present an attraction which, whether as regards the architectural beauty of the structures them selves, or the varied and hitherto unattempted combinations within, will be found to be wholly without parallel in the Kingdom. The MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT COIMIRC/ICRS as usual at Seven o'clock. In addition to the usual entertainment, the SAUVLET FAMILY, of Amsterdam, Eight in number, whose varied instrumental performances have created so marked a sensa tion in the principal cities and towns of the Continent, will perform every Evening at Nine ani Eleven o'clock. THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, JAN. 30. TEERMOMETER 7 IN THE SHADE. 54—highest since noon yesterday. 46—lowest this morning and during the night. 48—this day at noon. BAROMETER,-29.50. WIN"), W.S.W. ; light, with dull weather, and heavy rain in the morning ; noon, fino ; afternoon, more rain and a heavy hail storm. JAN. 31. 52—highest since noon yesterday. 39—lowest this morning and during the night. 43—this day at noon. BAROMETER -29.60. WIND, Westerly, inclining to North ; moderate, with fine weather and a tendency to frost. THE SUN. MONDAY. JANUARY 31, 1859. We Present our readers to-day with some brief tables, which we are confident will do more to guide them towards an impartial decision on the great point in dispute between rival schemes of Reform than any they have yet seen. We- would even advise them to preserve these tables within easy access, as a sure and ready means of testing the fair ness of the different proposals. The Ballot will, of course, be one clear issue between the two great parties. Argument has, however, settled that question ; and not a single public meeting has been called, or could be called, not favourable to it by immense majorities. On this question mystery is impossible. It is simply—" Shall the coercing classes at elections retain the coercing power or not ?" The subject is yet but imperfectly under stood—the one, therefore, on which the ruling classes and the journals in their interest, attempt to mystify us is, the re-distribution of the seats wholly or partially di s f ran - chised. Two classes taken from boroughs fight for them. One, th e LANDED interest—an interest very small in its numbers, and wholly distinct from — indeed, in many respects in antagonism with—the AGRICUL TURAL interest ; and the COMMERCIAL interest. This last class, properly, i ncludes the farmers and their labourers. Theoretically, they were always food manufacturers ; and they are daily assuming in their modes of production the appearance of manufacturers. Look at them how we will, the land is but the raw material of their manufacture, and the farmers and proprietors of land have no interests in common beyond those which exist between the American growers of cot ton and the spinners and weavers of it at Man chester. Give the farmers political independence, protect them, as We propose to do, by the Ballot from those who can deprive them of their raw Ma terial, the land ; and they and the borough voters will row in the same boat. For these and other reas ons we have al ways thought that the representation of the kingdom could be best considered in counties. We would ascertain, by the tests of population and property, what number of members each county ought to have, and then adjust, on the same principle, the proportions which should be returned by the boroughs and the rural population in each county. Such a scale we had indeed arranged, but its mul tiplicity of figures could only annoy the great ma jority of readers. We Kaye therefore calculated a• A ' 4 \: _tikstik — • ' 4 44 - t 4 , 1, .. CIF t• 34 PRO CC' the results, in a form so simple that they will re quire but small patience, indeed, from those who are at all interested in forming an impartial c on- elusion. We have arranged our tables so as to illustrate tt claims of both the parties • in` the impending struggle. Our readers will see at a glance , that we have compared the twelve most populous 'and busy counties of England and Wales with all the others. An obvious distinction between the counties is, DENSITY of population, Now, we find that twelve counties, reckoning the West Riding of Yorkshire as one, have all a population which gives less than two acres to each person—that the remainder all give more than two acres to each individual. The population also of the first class of counties increases at more than double the rate of that of the agricultural counties. They are, in fact, the life and soul of the kingdom. Our first table, therefore, gives the population of each of the 12 counties at the time of the old Reform Bill, at the time of the last census, and their estimated population for the present year ; that of the other counties is given in the total only. This startling fact results, that in 1831 the twelve busy counties had more than a quarter of a million less inhabitants than the other forty counties,—but that in 1851 they surpassed the forty in population by upwards of a million, and surpass them this year by more than one million eight hundred thou sand inhabitants ! All this time they have had but the same number of Members, and that number is, it will be seen,l62 Members fewer than their stand still neighbours ! To this table we have added a column showing the proportion of assessed taxes paid by the Twelve and the Forty counties respec tively. It will be seen that the former pay nearly £lOO,OOO more than the others, and are, therefore, so far as this test, as well as that of population goes, entitled to more members. f Indeed, as things now stand, each member in the agricultural coun ties represents less than half the taxes represented by the members for the busy counties ! While, in regard to population, the differenee, it will be seen, is enormously in favour of the members for the twelve counties a difference, too, which has doubled since 1831 ! " The second table shows, by a moment's inspec• Lion, the claims of population, and of property as re presented by the income tax assessment, and the average bet Ween the two. If anything can enable us to arrive at a conclusion that should satisfy an impartial mind, this table will furnish the materials for doing it, Here are seen at once what members are allotted to each class by the Reform Act, by Mr. BRIGHT, and by the Times. One' amusing result—a striking one, tools, that, taking rno- PERTY alone as the basis of representation, it exactly reverses the allotment given us by the Times in its competition for fairness with Mr. BRIGHT. The Times gave 217 members to the 12 thickly-populated counties, and 283 to its favourite thinly-peopled counties. The proportions required by the income tax give 283 to the populous coun ties and 217 to the others ! The last columns in this table afford the only means of deciding on the proportion of members fairly belonging to each class of counties, quite, apart from mere party considerations. The third brief table speaks for itself ; but what does it tell us P. Unquestionably that Mr. BRIGHT has been moderate indeed in his demands for the counties of progress, increase, and wealth. Accord ing to the scheme of the Member for Birmingham, every member for the sparsely-populated counties would still represent 11,626 persons, £85,160 income tax, and £797 assessed taxes, LESS than a member for one of the populous counties ! ! IWe defer additional remarks for the present, merely observing that, in two respects, these tables are favourable to the members for thinly-peopled counties. First, In some manufacturing counties, like Glamorganshire, the development, though rapid, has not brought the population quite up to the two persons per acre, at which we have draw' the line. Secondly, We have placed the unappro- priated members in the plans of Mr. BRIGHT and tho Times' with the populous counties. Were these members either distributed amongst the 40 counties, or given to Scotland or Ireland, the case against Le latter class of counties would he so much stronger. An illustrious victim has been offered up at the shrine of political expediency. As the Greek vessels could not start from Aulis until a Royal virgin had been tendered for sacrifice, so the co horts of France and Sardinia could not take the field until a poor young Princess, only in her sixteenth year, had been duly surrendered up to Prince NA POLEON. The marriage of the Princess CLOTILDE was yesterday celebrated. Count CAVOUR, as Grand Notary of the Crown, drew up the matrimonial contract, and Archbishop VERCEIL, assisted by four bishops, pronounced the nuptial benediction. There was a general illumination, and we are told that the people displayed great enthusiasm. We have no doubt that the rapturous applause was even more intense when IPHIGENIA. ascended the altar, where it was supposed her blood would flow under the sacerdotal knife. The more complete the blow, the more delighted the multitude. It is not that they love their young Princess less, but that they hate Austria more. The wrongs and injuries they have sustained• still rankle in their minds. The memory of the chivalrous CHARLES ALBERT is ever present, and the prospect of obtain ing the assistance of so powerful an ally as France would induce them to submit to any demand that might be put forward—more especially when the burden fell not on themselves but on another. It must, however, havo been bitterly felt by the Pied montese nobility to behold the pure blood un tainted for eight centuries mingling with that of a parvenu Prince, who may be hurled from his posi tion almost as rapidly as he obtained it. The marriage is, die is cast, and, so hOwever, now acc om pli s h e d ; the far as the Princess is concerned, we can only - wish her every possible degree of happi ness. It, however, becomes our duty to consider its possible effects on the peace and tranquillity of Europe.. There can be but little doubt that her hand was given as the pledge of a treaty, offensive and defensive, and that France intends to use Sardinia as an instrument to carry out its own chang e Should anythingthe mind of the EMPEROR, the new tie would have but little weight in keeping him on the side of Piedmont. Very few persons will go out of their way to a d vance the interests of distant matrimonial connections. Whenever it does not suit the wishes and the policy of Louis NAPOLEON, France will not be more disposed to recognise " cousins" than Eng land has hitherto been. [ans. There can be no doubt, however, that there is a dark cloud looming in the political atmosphere. Austria possesses a powerful and well-disciplined army, occupying very strong positions ; and although neither her finances nor her interests are consistent with war, she would strongry de fend herself, if driven into a corner, and compelled to fight. The danger does not proceed from that quarter, but from France and Piedmont. It was the gratuitous in parts,truitous mid uncalled-for speech of th e I s t of followed by that of the 10th at Turin, that produced the mischief, paralysing trade and industry, and reducing the nominal value of the public stocks of every nation in Europe. Austria must consent to relinquish the occupation of the Leoations—must concede large and comprehensive 6 measures of reform to the Lombardo-Venetians ; and, when boonS are to be granted, Hungary and Gallicia should not- be forgotten. Besides, it is Austria which impedes progress in Rome, in Naples, and other minor Italian States. It encourages . PIO NONO and BOMBA, and throws its weight into the side of despotism and misgovernment. This must be stopped; and FRANCIS JOSEPH must keep up with the requirements'of the age if he expects sympathy and assistance. At all events, England cannot permit herself to be drawn into any quarrel. Hem. is. clearly the policy of abstention, and Austria has ek4ablished a precedent which should be strictly cd• We may interfere in any congress, tender' zur good offices as arbitrators, so as to arrange existing differences, but a single English life mustivi be sacrificed, a single English pound expended, fn. rivetting the chains on Italy, or ma i n t a i n i ng a de:spotism abhorrent to every British heart. • A truer word was never spoken by man than each one of those uttered Friday evening at Rochdale by Mr. BRIGHT in reference to the Ballot. The declaration there made by the hon. member for Birmingham upon that cite point, in regard to that Reform of all Reforms, we would fain reite rate until rendered by repetition " familiar in our mouths as household words," both within and with out the walls of Parliament. They are so perfectly true, they are so directly to the purpose, these me morable words of Mr. BRIGHT in reference to the Ballot, that they are indeed worth repeating, they are worth learning by heart, as the expression at once of a warning and a prediction. " I hold the Ballot," said Mr.. BRIGHT, " to be inevitable. It is not in the power of any party in the House of Commons to prevent it ; 230 members of that assembly are at present in its favour; every dissolution of Parliament must add to its sup _ porters. Any proposition from any Government to bring in a Reform Bill considerably or widely , extending the suffrage would, I believe, be received flatly, without enthusiasm, almost with distaste, if it did not offer the Ballot along with it." The opinion thus distinctly addressed by the Member for Birmingham to the countiy' * . and to the Cabinet, to the People and to the Parliament, has long been our convic tion. We have long insisted on the Ballot as a Necesiity—net as something desirable—but as something absolutely inevitable. Whatever else may be gained in the way of Parliamentary Reform that one great essential we are sure of. Granted it will be by some of the great parties in the Le gislature. :It only remains now to be seen by which. By whomsoever granted—the recompence for that magnanimous, and . wise, and patriotic measure will be such an accession of popularity as will ensure for some time a firm grasp of the reins of government. , Parliamentary Reform—by this •time we all of us at any Tate know thus much—is no longer to be postponed. - It could only be delayed for another session by reason of one of the greatest" calamities that could - happeii to Christendom-:—a sadden out break- of war among the great powers of -Europe: The Noble'Earl, now First Minister of the• Crown, was- the very one who, at the moment of his acces sion to office, as head of the.present Government, volunteered a distinct reprobation of the , manner in which the vital question of Parliamentary form was kept perpetually. ," dan,gling," year after year, before the fretted and tantalised population. Everything points to the present session as the one. long - looked - for opportunity. The work cut out for this session is that of taking this very problem of Parliamentary Reform at last seriously and resolutely into consi deration. The " passing" of any Reform Bill, no matter how framed, or by whom, through -the existing House of Commons, is obviously, glaringly —impossible. The new RefOrra Bill may be dis cussed in the present House, bit it can only be transformed by its successor into an enactment. The inevitable appeal to the country will as inevi tably open up afresh, and for the last time, the ' alternative of Ballot or no Ballot. As Parliament I , is at present constituted, there are very nearly 250 Members of the House of Commons in favour of the Ballot. Mr. BRIGHT estimates them at the most moderate computation at 230 members. As cer• tainly as there are those numbers already in the House in favour of the Ballot—so surely they will have been increased to an overwhelming majority in its immediate successor. The pear is ripe. It will fall at the next breeze of a general election Whichever of the great parties in the Legislature declares first frankly for the Ballot will come in a' this next general election upon the heads of the people. Whichever of theie great parties obdu- rately denies the boon, will as inevitably be doomed to a long banishment in the Arctic regions of the Opposition. Her MAJESTY'S Ministers have now before them a golden opportunity. Their fate is al this moment entirely in their own hands If they deny the Ballot, they go out and make room for more enlightened successors. If they grant the Ballot as—what it certainly is—a Reform quite inevitable, their vigorous minority in the presen House of Commons will expand into a victorious majority in the next. Against the Ballot many of the leading statesmen now on the side of the Oppo- sition have long since distinctly, resolutely, again and again, declared. themselves. Not so the prin- cipal Statesmen on the side of the Government, With them it has remained for the most part up to this very moment—an open question. They are not committed as yet, as a Party, to any positive course for or against the Ballot. Everything now trembling in the balance—will they select this precise moment in which to throw their whole future into the very scale that at the next turn will inevitably kick the beam? It is inconceivable. Their so doing would be really nothing less than sheer fatuity. It is the problem once again in a more remarkable way of the choice of caskets in the immortal drama—the choice submitted equally to BASSANI° and the Prince of ARRAGON--eaCh in turn ready to exclaim: • " Fortune now To my heart's hope !—Gold, silver, and base lead." The magical device guiding the discretion of the candidates, now as then-- WIIO CHOOSETH ME N MUST GIVE :AND HAZARD ALL HE HATH !" THE PRINCESS FREDERICK WILLIAM WINDSOR CASTLE, JAN. 29. er Majesty received the following telegram this morn- Lg :-. " From Sir James Clark to the Queen, Windsor Castle. " BERLIN, Jan. 29. " The Princess has had an excellent night—the Prince also. Both are as well as can be." Jan. 30. 'er Majesty received the following telegram this morn- " From Sir James Clark to the Queen, Windsor Castle. " BERLIN, 10.20 A.M. " The Princess has had another excellent night, and her royal highness and the young Prince are quite well." The Dowager Lady Foley, who has been indis posed for same weeks past, at her' resianee iii Stanhope- street, is sopewhatletter, THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EUNING, JANUARY 31, 1850. The Marquis of Salisbury, Lord President, gave a dinner to the Ministers and Officers of State , on Saturday, at his residence in Arlington-street. The following were present :--The Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Derby, Lord Stanley, M.P., the Right Honourable Sir John Pakington, M.P., the Right Hon. Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, M.P., the Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., the Right Hon. J. W. Henley, M.P., the Right Hon. S. H. Walpole, M.P., General Peel, M.P., Mr. Bathurst, and Mr. Chas. Greville. The roll of sheriffs for the present year was settled at the meeting. LORD PALMERSTON'S PARLIAMENTARY DINNER. —The following comprise the invitations to dinner at Cam bridge-house for Wednesday next, previous to the opening of the session:—Lord Ashley, Mr. G. T. Baring, Right Hon. M. T. Baines, Sir R. Bethel, Lord Ernest Bruce, Hon. E. Bouverie, Hon. H. Brand, Mr. Wentworth Beau mont, Mr. J. Bonham Carter, Hon. W. H. Cowper, Sir W. Codrington,' Mr.' C. C. Clifford, Lord Castlerosse, Lord Duncan, Mr. Chichester Fortescue, Hon. H. Fitzroy, Right Hon, J. D. Fitzgerald, Right Hon. Sir G. Gray, Mr. R. W. Grey, Right Hon. Sir W. G. Hayter, Sir B. Hall, Mr. T. Hanke . Y, Right Hon. H. Herbert, Sir H. Keating, Hon. A. Kinnaird, Right Hon. Sir G. C. Lewis, Right Hon. H. Labouchere, Right Hon. R. Lowe, Right Hon. J. Mon crieff, Right Hon. W. Monsell, Mr. Monckton Milner, Mr. Bernal Osborne, Lord Alfred Paget, Sir J. Ramsden, Baron L. de Rothschild, Mr. Danby Seymour, Lord James Steward, Right Hon. Vernon Smith, Hon. C. P. Villiers, Right Hon. Sir C. Wood, Mr. James Wilson, Sir F. Wil liams, of Kars. • The Prince of Wales left Verona on Monday for Bologna. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess d'Aumale aro staying on a visit with Frances Countess Waldegrlave and Mr. Harcourt, M.P., at Nunehara Park, where a distinguished circle of guests are assembled. The party will separate on Wednesday next. His Excellency M. Isturitz has returned to the. Spanish Legation, from visiting Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston, at Broadlands, Hants. The Duke of Rutland, who is entertaining a select circle at Belvoir Castle, is expected in town on Wed nesday next. The Earl and Countess Cawdor will arrive in town on the 7th proximo, from their seat in Wales, for the .season. The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, M.P., and Lady Pakington entertained a select party at dinner on Friday evening at the Admiralty. Lord and Lady Cranworth are expected to arrive in town to-day, from their seat in Kent, for the season. Lieutenant-Colonel Sir W. Russell, Bart., M.P., is expected to return from India in April next. His Excellency the Ambassador of France and the Duchess of Malakhoff arrived at Albert-gate House on Saturday afternoon, from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Wellington at Strathfieldsaye. The Marchioness of Salisbury has issued cards for assemblies on each Saturday in February, at her mansion in Arlington-street. Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury returned to her residence in Hertford-street, on Saturday, from Tottenham Park, Wilts. The Earl of Ellenborough has arrived in town for the season. His lordship has taken a mansion in Eaton-square, the residence of Sir Richard Bulkeley. The Earl and Countess of Lanesborough will arrive at their residence in Great Stanhope-street, on Wed ; nesday, from Swithland-hall, Leicestershire: Viscount Eversley and the Hon. Misses Shaw Lefevre have arrived at their residence in Eaton-place, from Heekfield-place, Hants. Count Jaucourt has arrived at Albert-gate House from visiting the Earl and Countess of Westmoreland, at Apthorpe Park, Northamptonshire: The Count Arenbourg and M. Du Foy have arrived at the Brunswick Hotel, jermyn-street, from Nor way. Lord and Lady Churchill have arrived at the St. George's - Hotel. Lord and Lady Robert Cecil left town on Satur day, on a visit to _the Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter, at Burleigh. • Lord and Lady Arthur Hay have returned to their residence in Chester-square, from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Wellington at Strathfieldsaye. Lady Middleton has arrived at the St. George's Hotel. Sir Tames Graham comes to town to-day from Netherby Park, Carlisle. • Sir Robert Peel will arrive in town on Wednes day-from Drayton- Manor. Lady Emily Peel will remain in the country for the present. Sir Michael and Lady Shaw Stewart have arrived at their residence, in Belg-rave-square, from the Continent for the season. Sir Anthony and Lady de Rothschild arrived at 'their mansion, in Grosvenor-place, on Saturday, from Aiton. Clinton. The Queen's Advocate and Lady Harding enter tained at dinner, on Thursday last, the Lord Chancellor and Lady Chelmsford, the Right Hon. Sir John and Lady Pakington, the Right Hon. Spencer Walpole and Mrs. Walpole, the Solicitor. General and Lady Cairns, Sir Henry Storks, &c. Colonel Sir Henry Knight Storks, K.C.8., is mißinted to succeed Mr. Gladstone as Lord High Com missioner of the lonian Islands, and will, it is said, set out next week for his destination: Sir Henry was Assistant Adjutant-General at . tiptpape of Good Hope during th e Kaffir war in 1846-7, an was commandant at Scutari. He is at present secretary for military correspondence to the Secretary of State for War. We (4thenceum) understand that the promoters of the contemplated Muswell-hill Palace of the People have offered five acres of land to the committee of the Dramatic College. The death of Madame de Magnus, wife of M. de. Magnus, Charge d'Affaires of Prussia to the Court of Bel gium, and daughter of the Baron and Baroness de Brun now, has plunged the deceased lady's family into the deepest grief; Madame de Magnus having enjoyed perfect health up to within a few hours of her dissolution. This young and amiable lady passed her childhood in England, and, like her parents, had become greatly attached to it. The Archdeaconry of Cardigan, rendered vacant by the lamentable death of the 'Venerable John Williams, M.A., Oxon, has been filled up by the appointment of the Rev. John Hughes, vicar of Llanbadarn-Fawr, and incum bent of the chapelry of Saint Michael, Aberystwyth. Mr. Hughes is known as the author of several works, among which may be mentioned English sermons preached at Aberystwyth, two volumes of Welsh Sermons, and a trans lation into Welsh of Scott's "Annotations on the Penta teuch." "In the different departments of ministerial labour," says the Carnarvon Herald, "Mr. Hughes has during his long career been most indefatigable and success ful. He is looked up to as a father by the clergy of Upper Cardiganshire, who hail his appointment to the archdea conry with great gratification." Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mathews, after a success ful tour through some of the principal towns in Lancashire, will re-appear at the Haymarket Theatre on March 14. A new comedy, in three acts, by Mr. Stirling Coyne, is in preparation. Mr. Wenlock, an opulent Irish landed proprietor, is to be married to the daughter of the Marquis of Clanri carde.—aurt Journal. We deeply regret to state that Mr. Commissioner Phillips, shortly after the rising of the Insolvent Court, over which he so ably presides, was seized with a sudden illness of so alarming a character, that serious apprehen sions for his recovery are entertained. On Thursday evening the city of Berlin was illu minated in honour of the birth of a prince. The houses were adorned with flags, and an immense crowd assembled upon the Place du Pala's. On Friday morning the Chamber agreed ,that. a deputation should be sent to the palace to con vey the congratulations of that body to his Royal Highnees the Prince Regent., From an article in the Debuts it appears that the late massacre of some unfortunate Jews at Folksberg, town situated on the frontier between Moldavia and Wal lachia, was preceded by 'the publication of a pamphlet, printed at Bucharest in the archbishop's palace and by his orders. In it the most violent language was used, the fol lowing being some of the passages :—" A Christian, when ill, ought never to call in a Jewish physician, for the Jews poison the Christians." " The Jews have need of Christian blood for their ceremonies of Easter—such, at least, is the opinion of many ecclesiastics." " Every Christian that kills a Jew may be assured that all his sins will be remitted to him, and that Heaven will be his portion after death." The Government authorities at once issued an order de claring that the pamphlet should be confiscated and burned on the public market-place. But the evil was already done. THE NEW ADELPHI THEATRE.—This beautifully constructed theatre is being justly appreciated by the pub lic. The arrangements being of such perfect order—com fortable and spacious stalls—the abandonment of fees of every kind—and the civility of Mr. Webster's new staff of female attendants, are all conducive to the pleasures of playgoers, and proves how decidedly necessary it will be to abandon the old system of box-opener's fees. We are glad to add that since the opening night the theatre has been very well attended, and that Mr. Webster's success is now beyond all doubt. NEW THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.—The great attraction this week is Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The original and powerful drama of "The Borgia Ring," in which the Druidical Temple of Stonehenge is represented amidst the snowdrifts—pronounced to be the perfection of scenic art ; and, in order to comply with the numerous requests' of the nobility and gentry •at the box-office, Moliere's comedy of " Tartuffe" will be played on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, in which Mr. Webster will sus tain his original character. The visitors of the Adelphi will read with pleasure that their old- established favourite, MeWright, will positiVtlfappear in'One 'of his screaming farces on Monday neat. • • - - LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received from Mr. Reuter's office : THE AUSTRALIAN MAIL MESSINA, JAN. 30, ALEXANDRIA, Jan. 24.—The Columbine arrived at Suez yesterday morning, bringing 28 passengers and X 76,461 sterling in gold: Her dates are Sydney, Dec. 11; Melbourne, Dec. 18 ; King George's Sound, Dec. 24 ; Galle, Jan. 8 ; Aden, Jan. 17. She was detained at Melbourne for a supplemen. tarp mail bag. The European arrived at Sydney on Dec. 15. The Oneida left Galle Dec. 25, and should leave Melbourne for Suez on the 21st inst., with the January mail.] THE PRINCESS FREDERIC WILLIAM. OFFICIAL BULLETIN. BERLIN, MONDAY, 11.25 A.M., JAN. 3 The Princess Frederick William has again passed the night in quiet and refreshing sleep. The condition of her Royal Highness and of the infant Prince continues satisfactory. (Signed) DR. SCIMENLEIN. DR. WAGNER. DR. MARTIN. TURIN, SATURDAY, Yesterday the members of the Municipal Council of this city, and forty communal councillors, had the honour of presenting to the Princess Clotilde a rich work of art in silver of most exquisite work manship. The mayor of the city also presented to Prince Napoleon, in the name of the Municipal Council, an address remarkable for its patriotic sentiments, The Prince, in reply, declared that his most ardent desire should be to promote the happiness of the King's daughter, who inherited so nobly the virtues of her illustrious race. .His Imperial High ness concluded by requesting the mayor to convey to the citizens of Turin the expression of his sincere wishes for the welfare of Turin. PARIS, MONDAY, lANUARY 31. The Moniteur of this morning contains the fol- lowing messages : " TURIN, January 30.—The marriage of Prince . . Napoleon and the Princess Clotilde has been cele brated to-day. " GENOA, January 30, 7.30 p.m.—The King and their Imperial Highnesses Prince Napoleon and his bride have just arrived. They everywhere met with the most enthusiastic reception from the populace. Their Imperial Highnesses will arrive at Marseilles on Wednesday morning, and will depart again from thence the same day at 3 p.m. They will stop at Fontainebleau, where the Princess Matilda will be awaiting their arrival to receive the Princess Clotilde. Their Imperial Highnesses will arrive at Paris in the course of the afternoon." GENOA, SUNDAY, Jan. 30. The young ladieg of the Palace presented a large bouquet to her Imperial Highness the Princess Clotilde on her arrival. The whole town and the port were splendidly illuminated. VIENNA, ►SUNDAY, The Empress and her sister (the Duchess of Cala bria) departed to-day for Trieste, where the latter will embark for Naples. This seems to show that the King's health is rc. established. TURIN, SUNDAY (VIA FRANCE) Yesterday, at 3 p.m., Count Cavour, in his cha racter of notary of the Crown, drew up the matri monial contract between the Princess Clotilde and Prince Napoleon, in the presence of General Niel, the French ambassador Prince de la Tour d'Au vergne-Lauragais, and the grand dignitaries of the State. In the evening a deputation of the National Guard was presented to the Princess at a monster banquet. Later' in the evening a serenade took place on the Place Royale by the band of the National Guard in honour of the betrothed couple, which was accompanied by enthusiastic shouts of the people : Viva it Re ! Viva I Sposi ! The town celebrated the interesting event by a general illumi nation. To-day at 10 a.m. the marriage was cele brated. The benediction was pronounced by Arch bishop Verceil, assisted by the Bishops Casalce, Pignerol, Savone, and Bielle. At 1.30 p.m. the married couple departed for Genoa, accompanied by the King and the Royal family. BEIIt.NE, SATURDAY. The Federal Assembly has been closed, and the President in his speech said :—" We will maintain our independence as an united and armed people, but without giving offence to neighbouring states." SARDINIA. The Turin journals publish the text of the bill presented to the Chamber of Deputies by M. Lanza, Minister of Finance, for a sum of 500,000 fr. as the marriage portion of the Princess Clotilde, and which bill was voted at one and unanimously, The measure merely sets forth the intended mar riage, and then declares that the sum mentioned is that which is designated by Art. 24 of the Statuto as the amount to be given to each of the King's daugh ters when about to be married. The said journals declared that, in addition, the King had expended on the trousseau for the bride a sum of 384,000 fr. On the evening of the 26th King Victor Emma nuel, the Princess Clotilde, and Prince Napoleon honoured the Theatre Scribe with their presence, to witness the representation of "Le Roman d'un Jeune Homme Pauvre." Their reception was most enthusiastic. IRANC E. PARIS, SUNDAY. General Fleury, first equerry to the Emperor, having been designated by his Majesty to proceed _ _ to Marseilles to compliment the Princess Clotilde on her arrival in France, has left Paris for that destination. The Empress, on her side, has sent there Mme. de Saulcy 'and Mine. de Sancy to at company the young Princess to Paris. Six state carriages and 12 footmen left Paris yesterday for Marseilles. The entrance of the bridal party into Paris is fixed for Thursday, amidst great military pomp. The apartments which their Imperial Highnesses are to occupy look out on the Place du Palais Royal. The Council of State is at present occupied with the task of examining the budgets of the various Ministries. M. Delangle, Minister of the Interior, attended yesterday to give explanations relative to the credits proposed for his department. " It is rumoured on what appears to be good authority," says a Paris letter in the Independance of Brussels, " that Marshal Magnan will be nomi nated to the vacant post of Chancellor of the Legion of Honour and that the Duke de Malalchoff will suc ceed him in command of the army of Paris. In that case, Count de Persigny will return as Ambas sador to England, where he is much liked. His re-' appointment to the London Embassy would be considered a pacific symptom." BOURSE, Jan. 29.—The opening of the market was rather unsettled, but as purchases continued for investment, prices improvQd., ,Threes, after having been done at 69L 60c., .iinproved to 68f. 85c., and receded to 68f. 55c. ; Mobilier varied from 785 f. to 765 f. ; Austrian, 567 f. 50c. to 570 f.; Lombardo-Venetian, 525 f. to 527 f. 50,c. ; Orleans, 1,327 f. 50c. to 1,330 f. ; Lyons, 842 f. 50c. to 845 f.; Northern, 937 f. 50c. tia 940 f.; Eastern, 625 f. to 627 f. 50c. The following were the last quotations 41 per Cents. 97 Do. end month 96 95 3 per Cents. 6B 70 Do. end month 68 75 Bank Shares Credit Mobilier Do. Account Credit Fonder 650 - Belgian 41 _ Piedmontess (5) - Roman B7 - Austrian - Spanish Threes - Home Debt 4O - RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern 940 .. 936 25 New ditto BlO .. 808 75 Lyons and Mediterranean 843 75 .. 842 50 New ditto — .. Geneva 567 50 .. 562 50 Midi Southern Western 595 595 Eastern Grand Central — .. Sardinian 415 .. 415 Austrian Exchange on London at sight, paper, 25f. 121 e. ; money, 25f. 10e.; thr ee months, paper, 241. 97ic.; money, 24f. 95c. PRUSSIA. The statement of the Minister of Finance has been published at length in the official paper (Staats anzeiger). The following figures may have inte rest : The net surplus of revenue for the year 1858 was 2,866,000 thalers. This is distributed as follows : Thalers. Indirect Taxes .. 1,861,000 Direct Taxes .. 568,000 Railways .. 400,000 Telegraphs .. 83,000 The Post-office presents a small increase in the receipts, but the increased expenditure far more than swallows up this addition. For the year 1859 the Finance Minister asks the following sums, in addition to last year's esti mates : Crown Dotation Sinking Fund Army • • Additional Thalers. 500,000 250,000 485,000 847,000 Navy, &c. CANAL THROUGH THE ISTHMUS OF KRA W. We have read with considerable pleasure, the documents at present existing on the proposed scheme of. cutting a ship canal across the Isthmus of Kraw, in Malaya, so as to reduce the distance between India, Siam, China, and Japan. - The Malayan Peninsula stretches out from Burmah and Siam some eighteen hundred miles into the China Sea, the culminating point being the British settlement of Singapore. This penin sula varies in breadth from fifty to two hundred miles, and is bounded on the western side by the Gulf of Siam, and on the eastern side by the Bay of Bengal and the Straits of Malacca. The narrowest part of this peninsula is the Isthmus df Kraw, situated near the f ron ti er o f B urma h , Si am and Malaya, and takes its name from the town of Kraw, which appears to be of sufficient importance to attain to the dignity of a native Governor. The distance from the Bay of Bengal to the Gulf of Siam, through this neck of land, is stated to be about 50 miles, and although the details that have reached us of the physical difficulties to be encoun tered from sea coast to sea coast are excessively meagre, we confess we are rather sanguine that the plan will be ultimately adopted. It appears that a certain Capt. Forrest, some years ago, ascertained from the Governor of Kraw that from the navigable river .on the western side of thelsthmus, to another river on the eastern side, there was a portage o f about 12 miles, and it is believed to be practicabl e to construct a canal, at all events a railroad, across this portion, so as to bring the two rivers into com-_ munication with each other. Mr. Wise, who ap pears to take great interest in the scheme, addressed a letter to Lord Clarendon on the subject as far back as January, 1858, in which he asserts that, by crossing the Isthmus of Kraw, a saving of weeks. with sailing vessels; and days with steamers, will be effected in the journey from India to China. It is calculated that the distance saved by abandoning the present detour through the Straits of Malacca will be about 1,200 miles, the.lsthmus being in the parallel of 8 degs. N., and a vessel sailing from Calcutta to Canton, round by Singapore, neces sexily crossing that parallel twice.—China Tele graph. ELECTION INTELLIGENCE. EAST WORCESTERSIIIRE.—Mr. J. S. Pakington, son of the First Lord of the Admiralty, is now a candidate for the representation of East Worcester shire. Late on Friday that gentleman issued an address announcing that he had acceded to the wishes of many influential friends to allow himself to be put in nomination. He says;-- " While my political principles are Conser vative, no man can be more sincerely desirous than myself to promote progressive improve ment, both social and political; aud, as I bgieve these to be the sentiments of the present ministry, I should, as your representative, give to the government of Lord Derby a general but inde pendent support. lam firmly attached to the Protestant Church of England, and anxious for the proper maintenance of her venerable fabrics ; but, at the same time, I am opposed to the compulsory exaction of church rates from those who conscien tiously object to them; and I would support this principle in any measure which may be brought forward with the hope of settling this long.-disputed question. In the same spirit I would be willing to give my support to any measure which, having for its object the improvement of our representative system, will combine a just desire to extend popu lar rights with due regard to the maintenance of the Constitution. I also attach great importance to the amendment of our laws, and would promote any well-considered attempt to effect that purpose." REPRESENTATION OF THE WEST RIDING.—The names of the Right Hon. M. T. Baines, M.P. ; Sir Y. W. Ramsden, M.P., the principal proprietor of Huddersfield ; R. Monckton Milnes, Esq., M.P. ; and W. E. Forster, Esq., of Burnley, have been al ready mentioned in connexion with the representa tion of the West Riding, in the room of Viscount Goderich. A meeting of the leading Liberals of important division of the county will be forthwith called, when the whole subject will be fully con sidered. REPRESENTATION OF NORTH WILTS. We (Wilts Standard) regret to hear that Mr. Long, one of our highly-respected members for North Wilts, has expressed his inte n ti ons o f w ithdrawing from the representation at the close of the present Parliament. GALWAY ELECTION.--DUBLIN, Monday.—YeE terday the walls of Galway were covered with placards announcing that Mr. Lever, who is at present in that town, intends to contest its repro. sentation, and calling upon the people to adopt . as their watchward, Orrell Lever and the prosperity . of Galway ! Countless handbills have been distri buted to the same effect. These preparations have taken the Redington party by surprise. THE GAS WORKS AND , GAS FITTINGS FOR LIGHTING WELLINGTON COLLEGE.—The erection of the gas works for the exclusive use of the college was intrusted to Mr. Geo. 'Walcott, C.E., who completed the whole to the perfect satisfaction of the authorities in the brief period of three months. Competent judges have pronounced the ar rangement of the gas worhs to be excellent, forming a combi nation of everything necessary to insure easy working with perfect purity. All the dormitories, rooms, halls, offices, and passages in the Colleg e are li g ht e d w i t h gas, the fittings have been also supplied and fixed by Mr. George Walcott, their goodness and style have given great satisfaction Is the authorities, who highly complimented their engineer for the manner the contract has been performed. WOODIN'S " OLIO " AT DUBLIN.—We observe from Saunders's News-letter that this gifted polyphonist is delighting the good citizens of Dublin, night after night, with his inimitable entertainment. REFORM MEETING AT CHELTENHAM.-011 Friday last a meeting of about 2,000 of the reformers of Chelten ham was held to consider the question of Parliamentary Reform. Colonel Berkeley, M.P., addressed the meeting, and said that as it was understood Lord Derby had a Re form Bill ready, he thought that the Government measure should have a fair discussion, and ho declined to pledge himself to any measure at the present time. TESTIMONIAL TO MR. E. T. WAY, SUPERINTEN DENT AT THE DOVER RAILWAY STATION.—A meeting was held at the Royal Oak Hotel on Monday last, for the purpose of promoting a testimonial to the respected super intendent of the South-Eastern Railway Station at Dover, at which a very cordial and unanimous feeling was mani fested in its behalf. The Rev. W. Yate was chosen trea surer to the fund. Nearly £3O has been already subscribed, and when it is more publicly known we doubt not a very large accession to the subscription list will be made. Mr. Way has held his present responsible position, with credit to himself and satisfaction to the company, for the last 15 years, and although the ex-Queen of the French, the Em peror Napoleon 111., and the Prince Frederick William of Prussia, with others of less note, have marked their ap proval by presenting him handsome presents, nothing has ever been done by the inhabitants of Dover to show in a substantial way their appreciation of his long and useful services. Station-masters at inferior stations on this line are continually receiving tokens of public regard, but Mr. Way has been neglected up to the present moment. We trust, therefore, his friends will cordially join in giving ex pression to their gratitude and respect, by subscribing their na mes at once to the subscription lists whi c h are now open. • .We shall be • happy to receive contributions at this tff ee, s and trust tliat ere long we shall have to a nnounce the e suc cess-' d theleommittee's efforts in providing a handsome tystinignial for §O . Worthy i 41411.--,Dyrcr,Chrmic4e. • • "A Custom's union is simply the fusion of Customs' interests between two or more States. It consequently and necessarily supposes certain preliminary and essential conditions. If all, or the greatest part of these conditions, do not exist there would be no real Customs' league or union, but a mere treaty of commerce and of Customs, whatever be the name and form given to the arrangements agreed upon by the contracting States. " These conditions may be reduced to four : "1. Uniformity of Customs' tariffs regarding commerce with a foreign country; in others unifor mity of the laws on importation, exportation, and transit. " 2. Liberty of exchange in the products of the States so united. "3. Unity of frontier Customs between the States united with relation to foreign States, and consequently suppression of the Customs' line be tween the former. " 4. Community of Customs' revenues, excepting as to the allotment of them, which might be estab lished in. favour of each State in virtue of certain bases agreed upon. " The different Customs' Unions which have been formed in Europe are founded strictly on the prin ciples which I have just enumerated. It is hardly necessary to mention the German Zollverein and the treaty of 1833; but the convention of 1852, between Austria, Modena, and Parma, would furnish me with a proof still more conclusive as respects Austria, inasmuch as she was the contract ing and directing party in that union. " I consider it superfluous, M. le Comte, to notice in detail here the different provisions of these tran sactions. I will confine myself to mentioning the 4th, sth, 6th, 16th, 17th, 20th, and 21st Articles of the German Convention of 1833, and the Ist, 2d, Bth, 10th, 12th, 18th, 23d, and 24th of the Austro-Italian Convention of 1852. " Let us now see whether the stipulations of the treaty of the 9th October, 1851, are in conformity, wholly or in part, with those principles. "First, as regards the unity of commercial legi slation, the Convention of the sth of October, after having declared in the Ist Article that there should be a Customs league between Austria and Modena, immediately adds a second paragraph to the 2d Article, to the effect that each of the two States shall be enabled to adopt a special tariff-Ist, for the merchandise intended exclusively for its terri tory; 2d, for the merchandise leaving its territory directly for a foreign country; and 3d, for the merchandise merely in transit through its terri tory. "In execution of this article the Duchy of Mo dena promulgated on the 13th of October, 1857, a new tariff, which is quite different from the Aus trian tariff. That difference refers to the most im portant objects of consumption, such as sugar, coffee, grain, spirituous liquors, wines, &c., and extends to nearly all produce fabricated and manu factured. "The difference of the tariff would render almost impossible the reciprocal freedom of the territorial exchanges of both states ; in fact, the sth Article establishes that, from the diversity of the special tariffs provided for by the 11th Article, several ex ceptions to the rule of free exchange having be come necessary, the contracting parties have agreed on the duties to be imposed on each object. An annex of the treaty consequently contains a tariff to which the commerce in the products of the two states has to be submitted. " The diversity of the tariffs and the non-liberty of commerce between Austria and Modena have, moreover, rendered necessary the existence of the separate frontier Customs. The 11th Article de clares, in fact, that there is an intermediate Cus turns' line between the two States. Finally, tho principle of the community of the Customs' revenues has been completely and explicitly set aside by the 14th article. " It results from the foregoing that none of the bases which constitute a real Customs' union have been admitted by the convention of the sth of October, 1857. There is neither unity of tariff, nor liberty of commerce, nor unity of frontier, nor com munity of revenue. " Far, then, from constituting that complete union formally required by the treaty of 1851 be tween Sardina and Austria, the convention between Austria and Modena does not contain even an imperfect union. In reality it is but an ordinary treaty of commerce and of of Customs, 'with certain clauses more or less liberal, and to which it was thought the name of Customs' Union might be given. "In this state of things the King's Government consider they are in a position to demand and obtain from the Austrian Government all the facilities and favours which have been granted to the Duchy of Modena by the convention of the sth of October. These favours have to be accorded on the instant and gratuitously, as expressed in the 15th Article of our treaty of 1851. " I do not doubt that the Imperial Government will admit the justice and equity of our demand, founded on a clear and precise convention, and that it will not be slow to take the necessary measures in order that our trade shall be placed in a position to enjoy as soon as pcs4ble the advantages which are secured that of Modena. It is with this object that I address myself with full confidence to the enlightened judgment of your Excellency. " I seize the opportunity of renewing my assurances, Btr.c.,i- • CAVOVIV, There- has been •no - uns"*.er to thaS note, a n d th e silence of M. Buol formsone of the g ro u n d s o f complaint against the Austrian Government. DESPATCH FROM COUNT CAVOUR TO COUNT BUOL. The following despatch, addressed by Count Cavour to Count Buol, has not yet been made public " Turin, 25th November, 1858. " Monsieur le Comte,--The Customs' convention signed on the sth October, 1857, between Austria and the Duchy of Modena, places me in a position to address a few observations to your Excellency. " By the 15th article of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation concluded in 1851 between San , dinia and Austria it was agreed that all the reduc tions, restitutions of duties, or other favours to be in future accorded by the Imperial Government to other States should be extended at the same instant and gratuitously to Sardinia. On the other hand, Sardinia took the same engagement towards Austria. "By a separate article annexed to the treaty it was declared that the advantages and the favours which might be accorded to other States in virtue of a complete Customs' Union would not be con sidered as derogating from the above-mentioned principle of reciprocity. " The following year, namely, 1852, Austria concluded a Customs' League with the Duchies of Modena and Parma. By this act the Imperial Government accorded to these two Italian States very considerable reductions and favours on impor tation, exportation, and transit. • " The separate article of the treaty of 1851 evi dently authorised Austria to grant such facilities without affecting the established principle of reci procity, and the Government of his Majesty has raised no objection on that score. " The Customs' Union between Austria and the Italian States was to remain in force for five years. On the expiration of that terms, the contracting parties reserved to themselves the right of dropping the Union, or of introducing such modifications as they might judge expedient. " Experience having shown that the Union was not favourable to the interests of the duchies of Modena and Parma, these two States declared at the proper time that they were not disposed to renew it, and, in point of fact, the Union terminated in the month of October, 1857. " Another treaty was, however, concluded on the sth of the same month, not (as before) between the the three States, but only between Austria and Modena. Although the term Customs' Union' was given to this treaty, yet, from the examination to which the Sardinian Government submitted this act, it appeared that it does not constitute the com plete Customs' Union contemplated in the separate article of our treaty of 1851; and that, consequently, we have the right to demand, and to obtain, what has been accorded to the duchy of Modena in virtue of the stipulation contained in the 15th Article. I mean to demonstrate this fact to you, M. le Comte, in the present despatch. a Dor ( N Per • Lo Ile w 2 u g . . Dig Mutt A tclia D itto • Dittoeotaoi .~~ into Jim folic Joie b een h ave es 43(ti l k ()lien Ex ch. e Di tto D itto 'l, Fr anc Rtr Nto