The Sun. — London, England, 1862-10-02 00:00:00

LIVES of EMINENT FUN ST , every ATESMEN, by THOS. HOOD , Esq., in week. Now Ready, handsomely bound in Magenta cloth, gilt, price 4s. 6d. ; post free, is., the SECOND half-yearly VOLUME of FUN, with ►►JJ numerous Engravings by talented artists, and humor ous Articles by the following distinguished writers : W. Bailey, Esq. W. S. Gilbert, Esq. W. Barber, Esq. T. Hood, Esq. E. L. Blanchard, Esq. T. S. Jerrold, Esq. G. W. Bridgeman, Esq. W. J. Prowse, Esq. F. C. Burnand. Esq. Godfrey Turner, Esq. 11. J. Byron, Esq. &c., Ste., &c. Office, 80, Fleet-street, London. CRYSTAL PALACE.- ARRANGEMENTS for TO-MORROW (FRIDAY). Open at NINE. Orchestral Band at Great Fountains at Great Organ Performance at Orchestral Band at Admission to all, One Shilling; Children, Sixpence. r„' For full particulars of amusements see first page. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN, This Evening, CROWN DIAMONDS. Commence at 8. THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. 'his Evening, THE ROUGH DIAMOND. After which. THE RELIEF OF LUCHNOW. To conclude with THE ARABS OF THE DESERT. A Troupe of the Bent-Zoug- Zoug. Commence at 7. THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. This Evening . , A DAUGHTER TO MARRY. HUN TING , which OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. With DUCIC. And THE GALICIAN FETE en . Commce at 7. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI r This Evening, THE GREEN BUSHES. Followed by THE SPITALFIELDS W EAVER. To conclude with THE SHILLING DAY. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. This Evenin.,, THE RENDEZVOUS. Alter which_jara quarter to 8, K.U4G, HE NRY VIII. with BORROWING A HITSBAND. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. This Evening PEEP O'DAY. Followed by KILLAR NEY'. Conclude with THE COLLEEN BAWN SETTLED AT LAST- Commence at 7. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. This ..-gvening, MAZEPPA. Brilliant Scenes in the Circle. Concluditig with a Comic Ballet. Commence at 7. MR. and MRS. CHARLES MATHEWS " AT itOME," at Her Majesty's Concert Room, Haymarket, This Evening. Commence at 8. w. ,S. WOODIN'S CABINET OF CURIOSITIES, Polygraphic Hall, Kin Comm g Willia Commence MR. and ims. GERMAN REED, with MR, JOHN PARRY, Every Evening (except Saturday), at the Royal Gallery of Illustrotion, 14, Regent-street, at 8. ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street, Hay market. Open every evening for Promenade and Dancing. CANTERBU HALL.—EVERY EVENING.— tec3Eel, the great Trapeze performer -Grand Operatic Selec tion as usual -Unsworth, Eugene, anal Duley, the great comic trio, Are. Commence at 7. THE —Grand 6, OXFORD - STREET , EVERY ENlNG.—G ran d Operatic Selections, with full band and VNchorus.—The comic performance of Miss Caroline Parkes — Steckel on the Flying Trapeze—The Ethiopian oddities of BUMBey, Newcomb, &c. Commence at 7. EXHIBITION OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE, daily, Burltngton Gallery, 191, Piccadilly. NOTICE. All remittances' are, henceforth, to be made to Mr. JOHN CI7APLIN, at The Sun office, 112, Strand, who has been appointed, by the Lord Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun newspaper, and the outstanding debts due in respect thereof. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. This DAY. —Morning, Bh. 20m.—Afternoon, 9h. 6m. To-monnow.-Morning, 9h. 50m.—Aftornoon, 10h. 32m. GARIBALDI is always greater with the sword in his hand than with the pen. His capacities are not orbicular. Ile is essentially a man of action. He is in no way whatever a man of words—whether it be words spoken or words written. All he can ac complish in that way creditably to his reputation is to raise a battle cry. In th'.s way, at once as a speaker and as a writer, he must take rank among the epi grammatists. His latest war cry after this fashion was effective and comprehensible. " Rome or Death ! "—it was a trumpet note in its instant eloquence as telling as the most elaborate oration ever delivered against CATALINE by CICERO, as the most impassioned Philippic ever pronounced by DEMOSTHENES. It only proved a futile summons to the Italian people because it was uttered at the wrong time. Even then, under those evil auspices, ill-timed though it was to the last degree, it was beginning to echo and re-echo among the Calabrian mountains rather formidably, when by a sudden blending of audacity and treachery en the part of the RATTAZZI Cabinet-- " The Eagle, in its pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed"— or, at any rate, cruelly wounded ! GARIBALDI, deceived by a flag of truce, surrounded by a band of Bersaglieri, was shot down by the soldiers of PALLAVICINI, and borne awaybleeding, in great bodily suffering (a prisoner charged with treason), upon the litter hastily constructed at Aspromonte. Hardly any document that ever emanated from GARIBALDI, searcely any speech that ever fell from the hero's lips before this calamitous enter prise of his which has terminated so very lamen tably, has been worthy of him, of his fame, of his magnanimity, of his disinterestedness. We have hardly ever read a speech of his without disappoint ment. We have certainly never yet perused a letter or a proclamation of his that has appeared to us in any way worthy of the great and heroic name subscribed to it. Almost invariably we have turned from the record of the speech, or of the document, with a secret wish at heart that it had never been 'Token, that it had never been written. The grasp of the Great Condotiere is more suited to the bend of t he sword-hilt, than to the delicate tube of (that often yet more potent weapon) the pen, or to the rail of the tribune. As no exception to this rule of disappointment, in regard to the spoken and writ ten words of GARIBALDI, we have occasion to direct attention, with no more pleasure than we have hitherto been able t o ierive from the articulate effusions of General QA-RizALDI'B thoughts and emot ions, to his remarkable ti Address to the Eng lish Nation," published by u an thistens o o n. t i is even leg a in another part of imp ex resai document written quite obviousl y from the depths of the heart, and under in t . he lt linen ce of very profound sentiments is I fa .r from being perfectly satisfactory , even under l to aese circumstances. It is scarcely a just and accu rate expression, after all—we are qaite satisfied of this--of the feelings with which GARIBALDI turns his glance now towards England. It is occasionally bombastic. It is here and there as vague as vague c?.n be. It is absurdly contrary to fact—where it speaks of the Great American Republic as "now struggling for the abolition of Slavery !"—when the Great American Republic is doing absolutely nothing whatever of the kind! There is a 'touch of rhocionacntade about that applica tion to VICTOR. HUGO of the title of the "High Priest of Hu man Brotherhood." And again, in that pretty little fanciful designation ap ilied to the Swiss, viz.,--" The Vestals of the Sacred I qre of Liberty on the Continent of Europe !" If I .he Address had been as brief as the Hero's battle cries, it would have been immeasurably better for convine , ed. his reputation. Of this w e are abso •lutelyls ; there no judicious friend, louder b y the enerare pallet, who will snatch the pen from his hand in future when he is about to ad dress himself in any deliberate and formal manner to his contemporaries;? He is a man of such importance, by reason of his burning patriotism, of his astonish ing audacity, of his extraordinary achievements, and of his sublime disinterestedness, that whatever he addresses thus formally to his contempora ries has a very considerable prospect of long surviving to the remembrance of after times. We begrudge whatever is calculated to mar his conspicuous reputation. And the distaff is not more out of place in the hand of the ideal HERCULES, than the pen is, to our thinking, in the hand of GARIBALDI. Let the Hero content himself in future with putting as few words as may be upon paper. Enough for him to keep the edge still keen upon his stainless sword. All English mammas and papas, all at least whose children are of schoolgoing age, have an in terest in the question mooted at Birmingham by Sir I. PAKINGTON, one which has been indeed so often discussed, but which will continue to be discussed, for many generations to come. Nothing can appear more unreasonable, at first sight, than that the study of dead languages should form the chief subject of the education of the living. What good can Eng lish boys and lads expect from giving the best of their educational years to pouring over the gram mars, the lexicons, and the graduses of the languages of Greece and Rome. The youth of those two great peoples of antiquity did not teach their lads foreign languages. The Greeks gave them the name of "barbarous," and have furnished us with that word as one of supreme contempt—a contempt not greater than that with which it was usually uttered by them. If Greeks did not teach their boys Egyptian or Persian, why should we teach our boys Greek ? Perhaps it will be answered be cause the Romans, after all, did teach their children Greek ; and if the old republicans did not know much at first of that language, it is certain that the later republicans, and one of the sternest of them, too, learned to prize it, even in old age. We may say, indeed, that Greece is at the bot tom of this devotion to the ancient language, and all this discussion about it. Greece was the school master of Rome if Rome was the conqueror of Greece, and Rome's best known poet has frankly confessed the literary triumph of the conquered nation. Roman literature would not have existed had not that of Greece existed before it. The rude and fierce masters of the world were constrained to bow to the intellectual and artistic superiority of the people whom their legions could overpower, and the chief title, to perpetuity, of Roman authorship is, that it had thoroughly studied in the schools of Greece. The marvellous superiority of that wonderful people, and chiefly of those who dwelt in the little domain of Attica, is apparent by one parallel—that of France and England. The French are confessed to be in a sense the modern Athenians—yet with what a vast difference ! We, like the Romans, a less polished and more practical nation, never think of admitting the French as our teachers in matters of literature and taste : we deem their influence in this department enfeebling if not corrupting. But the sturdy Romans did not hesitate to borrow from Athens, and to urge the daily and nightly study of the models she furnished. Rome was not indeed a mere imitator, or her literature would have perished long ago ; on the other hand, Roman thought would never have attained a lasting form had it not been moulded by the taste and thought of Greece. What Hebrew thought has been to the morality and religion of Chrieteudom,Urecian thought has Ithus become to tho literature of European civilisa tion. And here is the solution of the question—Why can we not educate without going to Rome and Greece? The reason is twofold; first, we cannot, if we would, detach ourselves from all that has gone before. We can no more dispense with an educational conformity, to a large extent, with the past, than we can dispense with a considerable con formity to the dress which a long tradition has given us. We may vary, add, modify, in the one as in the other, but no one save a Duke of ATHOL, and a few other lightminded fops, can appear among his fellow civilians in either a literal or an intellectual garb, wholly diverse from theirs. But the other, and the weighter reason is, that Greece has given us, partly directly, in her own works, and partly indirectly, through those of Rome, models of literary beauty, and of thought, which can never henceforth be neglected. No man who has fairly studied them in his youth, even though he may have used them but little since, can tolerate well the idea of being denuded of what they have given him. Ho knows that his own language, and all its literature, is a different thing to him from what it would otherwise have been. Its very words, or half of them, would not have half the meaning they now have, and as to speaking and writing, he is constantly reminded by the trips of intelligent, but half educated men, of the advantage which he possesses. It would, too, be no difficult thing to show that the most English of our writers .—SHAICESPEARE, SWIFT, BUNYAN even—would not have been what they are, had not Greek and Latin educated the country in which they wrote. But, on the other hand, it is reasonable to con demn the mediaeval foppery of making Latin and through Greek everything. If the men of Birmingham had the sense to find out that th e y wan t e d Latin in their institut io n , and to ask for it, it would be 1 equally creditable ourgreat to the schools, fatherswho whosee have what passed the world is aro u nd them, to ask th a t mo d ern sc i ence languages and shall not be excl u d e d f rom t h em. Their sons oug ht to know Fren c h or G erman, or both, as well as their daughters; and they ought not, in discussions, and on occasions of public life which require acquaintance with modern science, to be ignorant of its very elements. We have seen it ably argued, that science is the one thing needful, the Alpha and the Omega in English edu cation ; that it alone qualifies a man to extract the greatest amount of comfort from the world around him. This is true if we m ean the physical world merely. But since human beings are of far more importance to his comfort than all the material creation, an education which places him in the bt at possible notinic position in regard to them is in truth of the very highest importance. We know of h that can so fit a youth for the moral struggles of life as the Bible for his religious teacher, 'andthe of modernolassics for his secular models. The B ible \ and the c l ass i cs have formed the m i n d s o f the greatest nations. It is really frightfUl to read of the miseries in flicted on an innocent country by the Emperor of the FRENCH through the 110 IY - Father. Though the larger bands of brigands have been put down, smaller companies of them still murder and pillage, shel tered from danger by their easy r e t reat to the skirts of the papal ves t m ents. We hav e not heard so much of them, since the larger bands were broken up and their leaders shot, but in the districts %di a . cent to the remaining States of Church, they a re „ a l active as ever. The leaders are well known by name, and the numbers of men with them which range from twenty to eighty. A letter in a con temporary yesterday enumerated nine of these leaders, and:described their followers. The writer says — There is this difference between the organisation of this and the last year, that the bands are smaller, more übiqui tous, and more destructive, while almost all are mounted. Of the enormities they commit I have given you an instance already ; take two or three others. It is not long since 12 girls were carried off from Rotondella into the wood, and because they would not submit to the brutal passions of the band were all murdered, one being literally hacked in pieces. In another place after a brigand had been shot his confederates a few days after set fire to a tract of country several miles in circuit. Their parents are walking outside a city in the same province with two children, when one is suddenly seized, and a ransom of 12,000 ducats demanded and received. Do not hesitate to receive my statements; they can all be confirmed, and even worse ; and the con sequences ate that fear and discouragement prevail every where in the outlying provinces. Thousands of acres will lie this year uncultivated. There are many whom I could name who have lost their 30,000 or 40,000 ducats from in cendiary fires and wholesale robberies." Take another individual case, for in the general term brigandage we are apt to forget what savages these men are—how utterly indifferent to human life, and wasteful destruction of property they cannot carry away. Dates and places are given ; the victims were the bride and bridegroom in a bridal party : " As a bridal party, consisting of a lovely young per son of the Cinelli family, 16 years of age, of her bride groom, her mother, and one of their domestics, were the day after the wedding travelling from Campobasso by a public conveyance, they were fallen upon by a party of thirty mounted bandits. The attempt of these latter to force the bride along with them was resisted by the bridegroom, who was consequently killed on the spot. The young wife, roused into fury by the fall of her husband, broke out into such curses and invectives against the mur derers that these could only silence her by laying her down dead by the side of the dead. The villains then compelled the old servant to strip the bodies of the unhappy couple of all their ornaments and clothes before the eyes of the dis tracted mother, and, after also robbing all the other travel lers of all they had about them, they made off with perfect impunity. There is no reason for thinking these tales of horror worse than scores which which might be told. And then, as bad as all these atrocities, is the seduction of the poor ignorant peasantry to join the standard of these robbers, through the no torious favour accorded to them by the POPE, and through representations that it is all in the name of their late monarch, whose cause the Holy Father espouses. Thus these districts are not only kept in continual alarm, and rendered the scenes of the most barbarous atrocities, but the peasantry themselves are demoralised in the name of religion and of loyalty. The cause of plunder and even murder is the cause of Pope Pius and FRANCIS II ! Yet this is but too true. It is their mode of avenging themselves on the people who, as a whole, have thrown off their yoke. The KING and the Arch-Priest can little hope to regain posses sion of the territories they so misgoverned, but they can hope to lead many of the inhabitants such a wretched life as to make them dissatisfied with their present Government, and to create the opinion that Italy cannot be governed as a whole kingdom. What the inhabitants ought to know, however, and what the better portion of them well know, is that the POPE and the KING are but the tools, the willing tools, it is true, of a mightier monarch. The POPE and his Minister, ANTONELLI, well understand that they are protected against their own subjects for this very purpose. They are quite aware that the more they can disturb Italy, the longer they will enjoythe protection of French troops. To them all the sham proposals and arrangements which can come from the Tuileries are quite intel ligible—they mean, "Let us go on for ever disputing provided you keep up the blister, and I enable you to do it." In the recently published corre spondence between the EMPEROR and his HoLI- NESS, some of our contemporaries see an indica tion of the approaching withdrawal of the French troops from Rome; we see nothing of the kind. Of course, it is possible—any surprise is possible in such a quarter—but the natural interpretation is, that it is just another display to serve the purpose of a little discussion for a while, without the slightest intention of any corresponding ac tion. The EMPEROR relies on brute force alone. All that is noble in France dislikes the dirty business of Rome ; all that is liberal and enlight ened in her has, ever since the Revolution, amongst the men at least, refused faith in a Vicar of CHRIST ; but to uphold him as a political device, when all religious faith in him has wholly departed, is still a popular device with the governing classes. The illiterate, including the army, arc best man aged, as in all countries, by the help of a priesthood, whom the educated despise ; and hence the latter, even those who thoroughly understand the insin cerity of the whole policy, are not eager to throw it aside. We only hope that the Emperor, Pope, Cardinal, and all, may at last overreach themselves. They may throw the Italians into more active reliance on England. The latter know that England is their hearty friend, and that the goodwill of PALMER STON, RUSSELL, and GLADSTONE towards Italy, 'has done much to keep them in office, and their opponents out ; they will hardly ask us to inter vene by force ; but, if after vainly appealing to the man who makes Rome the ulcer instead of the liv ing head of Italy, they should turn to us, we must take some action. Already some views of this kind have been uttered in Italy ; and if the EMPEROR persists in his military intervention where he con fesses he has no international right to be, he may find that English influence will become in Italy more potent than that of France. The end might then be near. Yesterday the thirty-second annual meeting of the British Association, for the advancement of Science, was formally and brilliantly inaugurated at Cambridge. The proceedings were as satisfac tory, as the arena this year selected for them was, in every essential particular, suitable. It is not, of course, the first occasion upon which Cambridge, that ancient seat of learning, has been selected as the rendezvous of tho gifted and laborious promo ters of the British Association. In two previ ous years, as now, in 1862, it has been to the men of science of England, of Europe, of i b n l under the wide world , the appointed place of assem y Then,namanowo,f Britishthi sscAiesnstoicfiicatiogna,thwears g recognised as having a two-fold attraction about it. An attraction to the place and to the occasion—to Cambridge and to the British Association. Occurring as these same scientific congresses annually do, in the leisure time of the year, they have always found many of the leading i n tellects of this land enabled by reason of that ver y leisure to takepartinmtheesan exception. proceedings incident T raeeting t o The assembly is the The present year is sof the Association. not by any an numero us and distingui s h t d . And presiding over the doings of the Associ ation in 1862 is a man of science not unworthy to take his place men who have occupied it as his p r edecessors. " I need not in the chair after the many illustrious refer," said Mr. FAIRBAIR N on yielding up his post yesterday as the last year's President of the Association, " I need not refer to the services Which Professor WILLis has rendered to science"— adding, amidst the cheers of an audience peen imon liarly competent to pronounce a formal op' , ~.,...- / • ''''' ~ -, 4c 44 k 51 433 •-, .:--', =.-?)--,. A .- ~ 'DEOII _ ... - f •: , 'e I , 1,0,•,.,_ •1 I 0 3‘ 7,--, Da7 .' l__ ,:. 0.- ' -.X ••• ' . r... THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, OCT. 2, 1862. THE SION, LONDON, TITURSDAY EVENING. OCTOBER 2, 1862. as to the justice of 'these emphatic words of com mendation, " they [i.e. the scientific services of Professor WILLIS] are well-known in Cambric), e and in the country, and they are appreciated by all the learned societies of Europe." It would adeeply interesting and a singu larlysurel y instructive at once compilation —to which we would here fain commend the attention of Mr. JOHN TIM BS, or of some other skilled scientific compiler— s compilation containing within it in due sequence an epitomised record of the sayings and doings of the British Association since the date of its com mencement—a compilation having prefixed to each year's records of those sayings and doings, a memorial of the two and thirty emi nent men who have in succession filled the chair of the Association as President. Not one of these Presidents has there been but he might be spoken of as a man of mark, sufficient of himself to lend a value and interest, through the medium of his biography, to the work we are here hinting as, in many respects, so very desirable. The especial claims possessed by Cambridge to be again selected as the arena, or rendezvous, of the British Association, were thus admirably recounted yesterday by the new President, in the very opening of his inaugural address. "It was at Cambridge," said" that the original plan of the A nit by the receipt of the first Processor sseeiati o n W bore iLii fruit paper, which contained the results of experiments instituted expressly at the request of the Associa tion. The success of the Association was now confirmed by the numbers of compositions and annual subscriptions paid in, and by the help of these funds a most important measure was intro duced—namely, the practice of granting in aid of philosophical researches, to be undertaken by indi viduals or committees at the request of the associa tion, sums of money to meet the outlay required for apparatus or other expenses, which could not be asked from persons who were otherwise willing to devote their time to the advancement of science. It was at Cambridge that the importance and authority of the association had become so manifest that the first of its applications for Government assistance towards scientific objects was immediately complied with by the grant of £5OO to reduce the Green wich observations of BRADLEY and MASKELYNE. At this third meeting improvements were made in the distribution of the sciences to the sections, and a section of statistics aided. The only change in this respect that was subsequently found necessary was in the establishment of a separate section for mechanical science applied to the arts. in 1837. The employment of Elphabetical letters to distin guish the sections had been introduced in 1835. I have said enough," otserved Professor WILLIS (and with reason!), " to claim for the Cambridge meet ing the honour of completing the development of the association." We will hope, and indeed we have no difficulty in confidently believing, that from this third assemblage at Cambridge will date a new and a more suspicions epoch still in the develop ment of the British Association—as a material and practical means for the advancement of science, not in England alone, bit in all parts of the habitable globe. His Excellency the Ambassador of France and the Countess de Flahallt are expected in town on or about the 10th inst. from their seat in Scotland. His Excellency the Turkish Ambassador arrived in town on Tuesday last from St. Leonardo to transact busi ness at the embassy. His excellency returned to St. Leo nerds yesterday. The Marchioness of Clanricarde and Lord Dun kellin have arrived at Longleate on a visit to the Marquis and Marchioness of Bath. The Countess of Sefton has been receiving a suc cession of visitors at Croxteth Hall, Lancashire, during the past week. - Viscount and Viscountess Ashbrook and the Hon Miss Flower have left Farrance's Hotel for Brighton. The Dowager Lady Huntingfield, Lady and Miss Rowley, and Miss Southwell have left Brown's Hotel. Lord Hubert de Burgh has left town for Turin. DEATH OF SIR JOHN INGLIS.—We regret that we have to announce the death of Major-General Sir John Eardley Wilmot Inglis, K.C.8., colonel of the 32d Regi ment, and commander of the troops in the lonian Islands. From a private letter from a noble and learned lord nearly connected with the deceased hero, we learn the sad intelli gence that Sir John Inglis died on Saturday, the 27th ult., at Homburg. It will be remembered that this distinguished officer was in command of the garrison at Lucknow, and defended that position with a very small force of English soldiers already enfeebled by privation and by the diseases incident to a hostile climate against an enormously dispro portioned force of mutineers. For that noble defence he was made a Knight Commander of the Bath. Subsequently he was appointed to the important post of commander of her Majesty's troops in the lonian Islands. But his health, shaken by the long anxiety and desperate privation of the defence of Lucknow, could not be re-established in so ad verse a climate as that to which his new duties consigned him. Ho continued to sink until his medical advisers thought it their duty to recommend that he should try the more congenial air of Germany. Sir John Inglis was rather over 50 years of age. THE WAR TN AMERICA.—CONFEDERATE TERMS OF PEACE.—The following article appeared in the Rich mond (Virginia) Inquirer on the eve of the invasion of Maryland by the Confederate forces General Lee un derstands the Northern character well enough to know that the surest guarantee of hn early peace is the vigorous pro secution of present successes. He has shown himself to be a general who properly estimates the value of quick and rapid movements; he is pressing forward towards the enemy's country, and nothing but a speedy offer of the most favourable terms of peace will prevent an early invasion of northern territory, carrying to the enemy's home the same kind of warfare that has been practised by them in the South. When the fact of invasion is forcibly presented to the Northern mind, our own terms of peace will be offered us, The only terms which the Confederate States can ac cept will be the immediate recognition of the present Con federate States, and the permission to the other States to elect their own destiny, and to decide whether their future shall be with the Confederate States or with the United States. We are of the opinion that the principle of election should be applied not only to the border slave States, but to each and all of the remaining United States, Not that any of the Northern States are wanted in the Confederacy, but as an acknowledgment of the right of secession—for which this war has been waged. The peace which ends this war should acknowledge the ends for which it was fought, and apply its principles to each and all of the United States. We do not see the necessity for any proclamation to the North-Western States about the free navigation of the Mississippi river—that has already been sufficiently de clared, and the North-Western States have, notwithstand ing that offer, as vigorously sustained the war as any of the other Northern States, We are unwilling to mitigate the force and effect of our victories by extending favours or offers to any portion of our enemies. The ability to con quer a peace has been demonstrated ; let us do nothing that will appear like an effort to purchase it. The earnest desire of the people of the Confederate States for peace is known to the North, Whenever the United States are prepared to have peace, it can be obtained on proper terms In the meantime, cur army will steadily approach the enemy's territory, and be prepared to aid all peaceably-dis posed persons and communities by co-operating against the enemy's forces." IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. —Yesterday the monthly return of persons confined for debt in Whitecross street Pr ison was made to the Court of Bankruptcy under the new act, and one of the registrars will shortly hold his " Court" to hear the cases of persons to be released. There is only one other prison for debtors in the metropolis, Horse monger-lane Gaol; and very few debtors are therein con fined. In Whitecross -street Prison the number yesterday was 101, including 20 commitments from County Courts, and 15 persons who were received from the Queen's Prison. The number of persons received since the last monthly re turn from the Queen's Prison was in all 20, and of that number five, including an inmate who had spent more than 20 years of his life in the place, have boon discharged. The Queen's Prison has been finally closed, and premises delivered to the Commissioners of Public Works. The pri soners were received by Mr. Lay, one of the chief officers of Whitecross-street Prison, in two omnibuses. By an ex press proviso in the New Bankruptcy Act, County Court prisoners cannot be discharged under its provisions: and are worse off than if committed by the Supreme Courts for a andß INQUEST.—An inquest was held to large amount. It is expected th at the law will be altered, and both class of prisoners put on the same footing. CORONER'S day on the body of the unfortu nate woman Eliza Keefe, whose death was said to have been caused by the ill usage she received from her husband. The eviden ce adduced was the same as that gi ven at the Mansion-ho use, yesterday,oN which will be found is another part of the Sun, Yerdiet—Manslaughter. LATEST NEWS. AMERICA. NEW YORK, SEPT. 20 (Morning). (Per Kangaroo, via Roche's Point.) The Governors of Pennsylvania and Ohio have issued a call to the Governors of all the Union States to meet on the 24th September at Altoona, Pennsylvania. The New York press strongly condemns the Federal officers for surrendering Harper's Ferry, and urge a military tribunal of inquiry. LISBON, OCT. 1 (Evening). The American war-sloop St. Louis has sailed westward in pursuit, it is said, of some Confederate cruisers, which have lately been burning whalers off the Azores. PARIS, OCT. 2. The Paris papers of to•day publish the following ,elegra ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 1. Said Pasha has arrived here in good health. According to news received here from Syria the insurrection in the Hauran continues. The Turks have abandoned Mezrah, and re-entered Damascus. The Bedouin Chiefs who attacked Fayoum have been taken prisoners. MADRID, OCT. L The Lictrio Espanol of to-day states that the opening of the Cortes is fixed for the Ist of Decem ber. THE BRAZILS AND RIVER PLATE. SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 2. The Royal mail steam-ship Tyne, with the above mails, has arrived here. She brings 64 passengers, £29,349 in specie, and 1,320 packages of cargo. BUENOS AYRES, AUG. 28. The passing by both Houses of Congress of the Capital Bill, declaring Buenos Ayres the seat of Government, has greatly restored public confidence. Business in the produce market was quiet. Stocks of dry hides large, sheepskins abundant, wool limited. Prices unaltered. Freights for England unaltered. Tobacco was engaged more freely. Exchange from 645. to' 655. 6d. The weather at Pernambuco was favourable for the sugar crops, which were expected to be large. The present stocks were small. Prices of cotton had advanced. Dry hides sold at 165 to 170 reis per pound. Exchange 261. At Bahia the sugar market was quiet, and quota tions nominal. Coffee no sales. Freights dull. Exchange firm at 261. PORTUGAL. LISBON, SEPT. 28. (Per Tyne, via Southampton.) A general illumination took place yesterday in celebration of the Royal marriage at Turin. Salutes were fired from the forts and the vessels in the harbour. The King has presented to the Queen the Grand Cross of the Order of Conception, and the decora tion of the Order of St. Isabel. The Government has spent large sums of money in the erection of triumphal arches, &c. The anniversary of the death of the late King was solemnly observed. Dom Fernando and several high State func tionaries have attended High Mass in the Church of St. Vincent. The King attended Mass in the Chapel Neces sidades, nut wishing to awake painful memories in St. Vincent, where his brother lies. Although the vintage is scanty, the vines look healthy, and it is hoped the disease will eventually disappear. The news received from the Azores is more favourable. The weather at Lisbon is wet and stormy. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Business dull. Money market tight. The demand for grain is inconsiderable, and old stocks remain still unsold. Exchange on London, 53i ; on Paris, 530 ; Ham burg, 484- ; Genoa, 526 ; Rentes, 461 to 464 ; Cou pons, do., 461 to 464. THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 2. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Ripon, with the heavy portion of the above mails, has arrived here. She brings 49 passengers, and 1,756 packages of cargo, including raw silk value £160,000. On the 22d ult. she spoke the steamer Delta; on the 23d, the Euxine ; and on the 30th, the Ellora and Alhambra. On the Ist inst. she passed the Channel squadron off the Start, steering N. Gibraltar, Sept. 27—Exchange on London, 90 days, 501; Paris, 527; Marseilles, 528; Genoa, 528; Madrid, eight days' sight, prem. FRANCE. BOURSE, October I.—The market has been very animated, and prices from the opening showed an upward tendency. Threes are now at 70f. 30c. The Railway Share Market is also firm, with a fair amount of business doing. The market closed as follows : 4t per Cents. 9B Do. end month 98 3 per Cents Do. end month 7O 35 New 3 per Cents Do. end month — Credit Mobilier 1175 Do. end month 1175 BAIL' • Bank Shares 3200 Credit Poncier 1250 • Piedmontes( Fives 71 50 • Italian Loan 7l 85 • Roman • Austrian • Spanish Threes 5l 50 • Home Debt MAYB. Cash. Account. Orleans 1075 1090 N or th ern New ditto - • .. Lyons and Mediterranean 1175 .. 1180 Geneva .. 368 75 .. _ Southern 893 76 .. 895 Western ...... Eastern .. 660 Sardinian...... Austrian ...... Lorphard .. 625 North of Spain Saragossa 615 620 .. Ditto to Barcelona — .. 342 50 THE SAVAGES IN THE BACK SETTLEMENTS. — In Gray's-inn-lane, on Sunday night last week, a fight took place between two colo n i es o f savages who have set tl e d in that neighbourhood ; th e K erry Indians and the Ti ppera ry Indians. These tribes have been for some time at variance, which at last broke out into open war. To prevent the m from slaughteri ng each other in a civilised capital, the police interfered, and thus attracted their animosity towards them selves. The f ran ti c b arbarians attac k e d th e peace officers with their bludgeons "and desperately woun ded several of them. According to :report of the disturbance, Sergeant 5 G had several of his teeth knocked out, and was severely bruised about the head and body by being jumped upon. Nos. 157 and 196 G division were also so seriously injured that they were taken to the hospital, and two constables of city police have been frightfully knocked about." Of course these savage rioters were u ltimately overpowered, though all but one managed to make their escape, aided by their squaws, who, we are told, were indefatigable in supplying them with weapons. "What a dreadful thing it is that an English police-officer should be subject to be jumped upon and have his teeth knocked out by these infuriated Yahoos! Like the other natives of the Hibernian wilds, both these tribes of savages have their spiritual medicine-men, whom they call Fathers , a nd beneath whom they all al ike grovel in the most abject prostration. What are these rev. Fathers about to allow the Kerry and Tipperary savages to run so ramptant r-Pe ADDRESS OF GARIBALDI 70 711 E ENGLISH NATION. Garibaldi has issued the following address to the people of England:— TO THE ENGLISH NATION. It is while under the double pressure of bodily and mental pain that man can most truly and most acutely appreciate good and evil, and leaving the authors of his misery to eternal shame, devote un limited affection and gratitude to his benefactors. And that to you, 0 people of England, I owe a heavy debt for benefits bestowed I feel in the in most recesses of my soul. You were my friends in prosperity, and now you continue the precious boon in the days of my adversity. May God reward you! And my gratitude is the more intense, 0 worthy people, inasmuch as, rising as it must do beyond the mere level of individual feeling, it be comes sublime in th , ) general sentiment towards those nations whose progress you represent. Yes ! you are deserving of the gratitude of the world, be cause you offer an asylum for misfortune from whatever part it may come; and you identify yourselves with misery, pity it, and relieve it. The French or Neapolitan exile finds in your bosom shelter from his tyrant ; he finds sympathy ; he is helped, because an exile, because unhappy. The Haynaus—the hardened instruments of auto crats—find no rest in your liberal land, and fly terrified before the bitter scorn of your generous ' sons. And, in truth, without your noble bearing, what would Europe be ? Tyranny seizes its exiles in those other lands were virtue is unnatural, where liberty is a lie ; but they are still safe on the sacred soil of Albion. I, like so many others, seeing the cause of justice trampled under foot in so many parts of the world, despaired of human progress. But, turning to you, my mind is calmed—calmed by the contemplation of your fearless progress towards that end to which the human race seems called by Pro vidence. Proceed on your way, 0 calm, uncon quered nation, and be less tardy in calling your sister peoples into the same path of human pro gress. Call the French naticn to co-operate with you. You two are worthy to march hand-in-hand in the vanguard of social progress. Yes, call her ! In all your meetings let concord between the two great sisters be your cry. Yes, call her 1 Call to her always, and in every manner—with your voice, and with the voice of her great exiles—of Victor Hugo, the high priest of human brotherhood. Tell her that conquest is, in this age, an anomaly--the emanation of an unsound mind. Why should we covet the land of others, when all men should be as brethren ? Yes, call her ! And she, forgetting that she is tem porarily under the dominion of the Genius of Evil —if not to-day, to-morrow ; if not to-morrow, later, will reply as she ought to your generous and re generating appeal. Call, and at once, the bold sons of Helvetia, and clasp them firmly to your breast ! The warlike children of the Alps—the vestals of the sacred fire of liberty on the continent of Europe— they will be wit". you. What a host ! Call the great American Republic, for she is, in truth, your daughter, and is struggling now for the abolition of that slavery which you have already so nobly proclaimed. Help her to escape from the terrible strife waged against her by the traders in human flesh. Help her, and then place her by your side at the great assembly of nations—that final work of the human intellect. Call to your side all those peo ple who would be free, and lose not an hour. The initiative, which belongs to you to-day, may to-mor row concern another. May God forbid such a calamity Who ever more gallantly than France in 'B9 assumed that responsibility ? At that solemn moment she held up "Reason" to the world, crushed tyranny and consecrated free brotherhood. Now, after nearly a century, she is reduced to combat the liberty of nations, to protect tyranny, and over the altar of Reason to erect the symbol of that wicked and immoral monstrosity which is called the Papacy. Arise, then, Britannia, and at once ! Arise with your undaunted brow, and point out to the peoples the path they must tread ! With a congress of the world to decide between nations, war would be an impossibility. No longer would there exist those standing armies which make liberty impossible. What weapons ! What defences ! What engines of attack and defence! And then the millions • squandered in implements of destruction would be employed in fomenting the industry and diminish ing the misery of the human race. Begin, then, 0 people of England ; and, for the love of God, initiate the vast compact, and bestow this great gift on the present generation ! Besides Switzer land and Belgium, you would see other na , tions, urged on by the good sense of the people, accept your invitation, and hasten to enrol them selves under your banner. Let London now be the seat of this congress, which shall be in future agreed on by a mutual compact of arrangement and convenience. Once more, God bless you! May He repay you for the benefits you have heaped so prodigally on me !—With gratitude and affection, yours, GARIBALDI. Varignano, Sept. 28. VISIT OF THE UNITED STATES WAR STEAMER TUSCARORA 70 IRELAND. (From the New York Tablet.) We find in the Watertown (N.Y.) Journal a let ter from an officer, we presume, on board the Tus carora, to his father in Watertown. It gives an account of the visit of that vessel to Kingstown, and the reception her officers and crew met with in Ireland. The writer is not an Irishman. We give an extract from the letter, which shows with what feelings of delight the Americans were received, and how our brave tars appreciate the Irish wel- erne :- " U.S. Ship Tuscarora, off Douglas, Isle of Man, Aug. 17, 1862. "Dear Father,—We arrived here this afternoon, having left Kingstown, Ireland, this morning at four o'clock. I wish I could convey to you some idea of the glorious re ception we have met with in Ireland. It baffles all descrip tion. The people have been crazy over us. Our ship has been crowded with visitors from morning till night. The first day of our arrival five thousand persons were on board, and every day we were there we received no less than two thousand persons on board. Kingstowu is only fifteen minutes ride by rail from Dublin, so that we were visited by nearly all the city. At every corner in Dublin there were large placards, saying, The Federal American war steamer Tuscarora has arrived in Kingstown Harbour. , The papers were filled with accounts of the ship and of the attention shown to visitors. All of the officers' names were published, and in many cases each one was spoken of as having shown some one particular attention. The ladies wore red, white, and blue ribbons is their hats, and in fact everybody thought of nothing else but of the Tuscarora. Balls, dinners, parties, suppers, and picnics were given for us, and not a night passed without our being serenaded by a fine band or parties of ladies and gentlemen. I never before had any idea of the Irish people and of their hospi tality. The class that we see in the 'United States can give us no idea of them. Here we have met none but the very first class of the country, and, I must say, there is no people like them on the face of the earth. Every door in Kings town and Dublin was open to us, and we had hundreds of invitations to visit other places in Ireland. The ladies are certainly the most charming I have ever met. The moment any of the officers of the ship landed we were at once sur rounded with ladies and gentlemen, who insisted upon our visiting them at once. Carriages were always at hand for us, and even the boatmen would not accept a fee for bring ing us off to the ship at any hour of the night. Dublin is the most beautiful city I have seen, with the exception of Paris. All the streets are wide and scrupulously clean; the buildings are large and fine, mostly built of white stone. Some of the public buildings are unsurpassed. I took a look through Trinity College--a fine building. The library contains 90,000 volumes. _ gg A. J. C." A WORD ABOUT THE FAMINE IN LANCASHIRE. — Many choose to insist that it is an affair for the Lancashire gentry to manage. It is the business of the landowners ;it is the business of the millowners. There is a great deal to be said about this ; but we know better now than we did a month ago that the sufferers cannot wait till it is agreed who should relieve them. We must help them first, and settle the doctrine of incidence afterwards. In the same way we still hear it objected that the rates in Lancashire are yet not so high as what some of us ar e p ay i ng in bos h town and country, but m an y more are readywith the answ er than a month ago. The answer is, that if we leave it to the rates to deal with the distress, Lancashire will be like a submerged country, where all is destruction and ruin ex • cept a few scattered hills which stand above the flood. Whole classeslwould crumble and slide down into paupe rism, till none would be left to pay the rates but a sprink ling of rich men. Many see now that it is better not to talk about the rates in self-excuse. The practical point, in fact, is to spare the rates to the last moment, and to the last farthing, for the sake of saving the poorer rate-payerf3,— Once i Wok. IRELAND. DUBLIN, OCT. 1. The Tralee mob have served Gavezzi greatly. Ho lectured last night in the Metropolitan-hall, which was very much crowded. At the conclusion of his discourse he referred to the riots at some length. After an, he said the Tralee mob did not touch him, because it was not the first time he said to an Irish mob " Take care not to approach me, because I am a Garibaldian." What he said of the Irish or Popish Brigade was true, and he could not retract it. It was a ragged brigade,— " Without hat, without coat, without stockings, and without shoes, and when they arrived in Italy they had to take a good plunge into the water in order to wash off the dirt of some score of years. They were so comically dressed that they were the laughing stock of Italians." He respected the Irish. They fought well in the British army and in America, but it was not coura geous to attack a meeting in which the majority were ladies. Some of those who did so wore the medals of Castel Fidardo, where they ran away after a few shots, and left their General in the hands of Cialdini. He exhorted the audience to take care of their rights and privileges, but not to retaliate. He concluded by saying " Long life to Queen Victoria," which caused prolonged and en thusiastic cheering, clapping of hands, andKentish fire. ROYAL SCOTTISH HOSPITAL. The ordinary court of governors of this corporation was held yesterday in Crane 'court, Fleet-street; Dr. Liddell in the chair. The committee, appointed to draw up an appeal to Scotch men generally for subscriptions to make up the loss to the funds of the charity consequent on tho conduct of the late secretary, reported that they had met, but did not consider it expedient to make any public appeal under present cir cumstances, but had arranged for a festival on St.Andrew's day, which it was hoped would meet the case. The Rev. Mr. PUCKLE asked the chairman why the minutes of the committee of selection respecting the secre tary had not been laid before the meeting. Unpleasant re ports had gone abroad as to the unfairness of the selection made by the committee. The CHAIRMAN having consulted with the solicitor, Mr. Webster, declared such a course would be irregular. Several members, however, having expressed a strong desire to hear the minutes read, the chairman took the sense of the court as to whether they should be read or not, a nd it having been carried in the affirmative, Mr. Kerr, the hon. secretary, then read the minutes, from which it ar peered that originally there had been 130 candidates for the office of secretary, but the list had been reduced down to three, who would be recommended by the committee to the court to be held on the 16th inst., and from whom one would be finally chosen. On the conclusion of the minutes a long and angry dis cussion took place, the Rev. Mr. Puckle and others charg ing the committee with not having made their selections of candidates in a proper manner. Mr. A. GRAHAM moved, and Mr. BURRELL seconded the , following resolution :—" That the proceedings of the cow' mittee in relation to the election of a secretary are, in the opinion of this court, irregular, and that they be instructed to commence the proceedings de novo, but that on the occa• sion of each vote each member of committee shall vote for one candidate only." The CHAIRMAN said, acting on the advice of the solicitor the proceeding now taken by the court was illegal, and be could not put the resolution, He then, accompanied by the solicitor and secretary, left tho room. Mr. ROBERTSON was then called to the chair, and the resolution having been put was carried by a large majority. It was then moved that the court stand adjourned until the 15th inst. THE WEST INDIA MAIL CONTRACT. Great excitement prevails in the West India colonies re" specting the new West India mail contract. In a despatch from the Duke of Newcastle, dated in July last, and sent to all the West India colonial governments, his grace, a fter stating that the present West India mail contract is abou t to terminate, says :—" I shall be much obliged to you if , at your earliest convenience, you will favour me with such observations as you may wish to be considered by her hie jesty's Government in connection with the tenders Wh en they are received ; and in furnishing them I wish you t° bear in mind the probability that her Majesty's Govern' meat will require that the loss attendant on this service ( 8° on the postal services of other colonies) should be share d between the imperial and colonial treasuries. The Duke also transmits an extract from a letter ad' dressed to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury by th e Postmaster-General, relative to the new mail schemes put up to public tender. These schemes are thus described 11 the Postmaster-General :—' By the scheme prepared P.f, the direct route to the We s t I n di es, i t i s proposed to 01211' Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Kitts, Nevis, and Montserrat, leaving to the respective gOVernmento of those; places th e duty of providing means for the conveyance of their mal l° from Antigua. In the scheme, making use of the existing mail packets as far as New York with a branch to the Wes t Indies, it is proposed to serve Jamaica, New Granada, the Pacific, Cuba, Mexico, and Central America from Net York, and to serve the Windward and Leeward Islands, and British Guiana, by branch steamers from Martinique' fitted to the arrival and departure of the new line of Prene ll mail packets running between Sc. Nazaire and /vlartiniti lle° and maintain an intercolonial communication once a mont h s by means of a packet between Jamaica and Antigua." The working of the t wo routes from England direct 1" ,„ the West Indies, and from England to the West Indies vl ° New York, is described in the West India papers as fe l. lows, viz. : " From England to Antigua, Jacmel, Jamaica, and N i t by the same course to England, fortnightly ; brancbi" from Antigua to Trinidad fortnightly; from Jamaica td Colon fortnightly ; an d f rom Jamaica to Honduras a n Mexico monthly. From New York to Jamaica and cola+ fortnightly, returning by the same course to New Yol with branches f rom J ama i ca t o th e G u lf of Mexico all. Honduras, also to Jacmel, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, S t ' Kitts, and Antigua monthly ; through from Antigua to Demerara, via Barbadoes, Trinidad, &c., the line w ould b e fortnightly ; so that the latter ports, and the intermedia te places, would receive and send only one m a il monthly U i d New York, and the communication during the other fa t : night would have to be through th e F rench packets U . Martinique. The time for a letter out or home betwee n England and Demerara via New York would be about ° month." THE CONVICTED POISONER, CATHERINE WILSOr b —The newly -appointed sheriffs for the City of London a llci a the county of Middlesex, Mr. Alderman Lawrance Sheriff Jones, commenced their official duties yesterday 1) ! A communicating to the wretched woman, who was convie t ;:, at the late sess i ons o f th e C en t ra l C r i minal Court o f th crime of murder by poisoning, the day appointed for car r i: A ing out the sentence of the law. The sheriffs have appoint; next Monday fortnight, the 20th inst., for that purpose• h i f the discharge of this duty, the sheriffs were accompaniet i i ;; the Under-Sheriffs Mackrell and F arrar , th e Rev. The culprit (the ordinary), and th e G overnor of Newgate. culprit (who since her conviction has been constan'o watched by one female warder during the day and " 7 8 during the night) received the announcement with .I'tlejd same coolness and self-p oss e ss i on w hi c h she exhibit.tat throughout the examination b e f ore th e mag i s t ra t e a nd a long trial. It appears that, after th e t r i a l, s h e pretended not to be aware of the result, alleging that she did not 0 1 derstand the purport of what the judge said to her in ro e 7, ing sentence. It was anticipated, from the fact of the P rl Boner having been committed to take her trial from one o f the Surrey police-courts, that the execution would taltde place at the Surrey county gaol, Horsecaonger-lane ; av this would doubtless have been the case had the prison been convicted on the i n dictment which ch arge d her igt the murder of Mrs. Atkinson, that crime having been Ce c3 ,; mitted in the cou n ty o f Surrey. It is som ew h a t rema rknb' that the late sheriffs, Messrs. Cockerell and TwelatYl ec T, almost co mmence d their official duties by a p a i n f u l proes! , ing similar to that which devolves upon th e presen t offlon ~ ; viz., that of superintending the execution o f Wm. Cog s or the murder of his wife in Holborn. Accidents in menageries are becoming more a Dd more frequent in Germany. M. Afenz, an animal-tam s '' was a f ew days ago in the cage of a panther at Bre rne; , engag ed in breaking it i n, when the animal, becoraillg frightened by some noise on the outside, suddenly sP llij . o n one of the keepers, who was standing near, and f ri(3 ' tally wounded him. I t was with the greatest diffiell ity that the body of th e man could be released from the c is" ," of the infuriated animal. IVIRY CARVING IN DIEPPE.—This trade has be! the source of money-making to Dieppe for generations; deed the ha r d y fi shermen of th s flowery little harbour Clslce, the honour o f b e i ng t h e fi rst to i ntroduce i vory into frellip, The story goe s th a t , i n 1364 , a company o f Di oppe i e a l io r ped a couple of barques, of only 100 tons burden each!, g the purp ose o f exp l or i ng th e coas t o f Af r i ca. I t prosn ae lucky expedition, stamping the signs of its progress il l b e names it gave to its various stopping places, which rill s y seen to this day on any map; for instance, C ape Verd, ar o of France, and Petit Dieppe, near Sestos, The return c os of these frail craft was African spices, fruits, and ivory t oo former soon found its way into the interior, but much olitor ivory, whose uses were less familiar, remained, as vi e 0 easily suppose, as trophies of their adventures, in the J ill e re of the sailers and their families, until the ingenious ~s c t of Frenchmen cut—roughly at first no doubt—this eT en til but easily wrought substance into such domestic ol llc a dleSt as might at that time be in use ; sword and other 119 ,,, 0 iv5 combs, and the like. Such, then, is said to be the b e g:; ao vill of the Dieppe carving of ivory. Little seems to be ' a tll 9 about its progress after this first step until 1830, wr ta telt Duchess de Berri visited Dieppe, and she havit i o duc in% great interest in the ateliers, has the credit of int r° ,,,,, if eth the Italian taste for finely and deeply cut wreaths 01P " cupids, and scrollwork,—Ono a Week.