The Sun. — London, England, 1859-09-03 00:00:00

T HEA TRE-ROYAL, lIAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING the performances will commence with iALLOWE'EN. With THE CONTESTED ELECTION. After which, OUT OF SIGHT OUT OF MIND. And A DAUGHTER. TO MARRY. Commence at 7. W THEATRE - ROYAL, AD ELPHI. Sole proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster. Last Night of the Summer Season. TIIIS EVENING, the performances will commence with VICTORINE. Messrs. Billington, P. Bedford mm , C. Marshall, Eburne, Miss K. Kelly, and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with THE WRECK ASHORE. Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. Doors open at a quarter-past six—Commence at seven. Box Moe open from 10 to 5 —no charge for booking. No fees to servants permitted. A registry kept of all articles found. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborougb THIS EVENING, THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN EGGS. After which, A SCHOOL FOR COQUETTES. Misses Bwanborough, Oliver, and Lavine. Followed by THE VERY LATEST EDITION OF THE LADY OF LYONS. Commence at 7 o'clock. VERDI'S OPERA OF MACBETH. —d uce Thed whole of the first Act of this Opera , now pro for the first time in this country (the remaining three acts being itt course ot rehearsal), is sung nightly at the CAN TERBURY HALL CONCERTS. THE DELEPIERRE FAMILY, oonsistin,g of three Juvenile Violinists, viz., Jules, Juliette, and Julia Delepierte, aged, respectively, FOUR, SIX, and EIGHT years. The perfect execution by these Lilliputian Artistes of some ot the wont difficult and brilliant Solos, Duets, and Trios evcl written for the violin, has excited mingled wonder and admi ration in Continental Musical Circles, and drawn fort enthu siastic tziputes of praise from the Public Journals of France and Belgim. They will perform TWICE EACH EVENING, in addl . tion to THE WEATHER. —SUN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 4. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 67 —highest since noon yesterday. 58—Lowest this morning and during the night. 66—this day at noon. - BanomrrEit-29.80. WIND, North-Westerly ; light and fine. There was heavy continuous rain all yesterday afternoon. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tuts DA.Y.—Morning, sh. 40m.—Afternoon, 6h. Im. To-MORROW-Morning,6h. 23m.—Afternoon, 6 h. 47m. THE SUN. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1859. The great Foreign question of the day is ye to be settled. From the first it was obvious tha the hurried " make-up" at Villafranca might serve as a basis, but could notbe termed a settlement. It was more a truce, either to convenience or policy, or perhaps to both. The Emperor NAPOLEON, act ing upon the spur of the moment, and while yet the flush of victory cheered on his army to enthu siastic daring, still felt discretion to be the better part of valour, and proposed an armistice to his vanquished but not fallen foe. In doing this he followed the bold policy of his immortal uncle in taking the enemy by surprise. The bait took readily, and the armistice was soon followed up by a patched negotiation which seemed to serve both parties without compromising either. But though peace was hushed up unexpectedly, the end was not yet. No doubt the struggle in the closet at Villafranca was sharp as it was short, and much was conceded for the time being to make matters pleasant. But the Emperors seemed to forget that in settling matters so amicably they yet even reckoned without their host. They agreed to sheath the sword, but in so doing they opened the floodgates of public expectancy. The people of Italy were either staggered at the sudden cessation of the war or were thrown into a sort of wondering ecstacy at the idea that they were free —free from the hated Austrian domination. Acting on this belief they met everywhere to con gratulate—to concert—and to confirm their liberty. It was, indeed, an event supposed by some to be too good to be true, while by others, more resolute, it was determined to make it true. Hence the delibe rations in the several Duchies, and hence their combined agreement on the proper course of action. They all decided upon prudence, and so modified their plans as to avoid the danger of rashness by any undue precipitancy. In fact they so modified their plans as to come far within the letter of the law rather than trespass beyond its bounds. In this they showed their wisdom, and so took the wind out of the sails of their enemy—whose number was _ legion, and whose rage was like Vesuvius on a stormy night, bursting with fire and fury. But now comes the moral of their constitutional conduct. They behaved so unexpectedly well that France was taken aback, and found that she had overdone the thing in one particular, while Austria found herself non-plussed in all. Thus, very clever men often prove themselves too clever by half. They may contrive, plan, and settle matters, but in dealing with brimstone and pitch they sometimes get caught in their own trap, and have to bless their unlucky stars for the unlooked-for dilemma. The late Duke of MODENA has left some memorials of his genius in writing, which have turned out to be anything but pleasant. He had penned a docu ment or two on the character of the Emperor NAPOLEON, which serve now to commend the in gredients of the poisoned chalice to his own ducal lips! Here is retribution with a vengeance! Re tribution which has pleaded the Duke's return to despotic power, or any power at all, in a spirit the very reverse of all his Bourbon hopes ! The Duke penned a letter, and is now asked to expound it ! Verily the late war, though brief in its doings, promises to be great, and we hope lasting in its results, if it stamp the fiat of Europe on Italian Independence. That matters strongly tend in that direction may be indicated from recent events. It was but the other day that Lord PALMERSTON, on his return from Osborne, suddenly summoned a Cabinet Council. The announcement startled the public, for it was a very unusual proceeding. And what was the occasion ? That's the question. It is said that a Prophet has no honour in his own coun try, but we may learn the truth from another, and we think the following, from Galignani, will go far to the solution of this grave point : " A Paris letter in the Nord says :—` There appears not to be any doubt that the Pleni potentiaries at Zurich cannot agree about many ,oints connected with the peaC3 signed at Villa frk ince, and the opinion is becoming every day strt Inge r that a Congress must beheld. France and B us 5 1a have already decided in favour of that meet ing, ,and it has also been demanded by Sardinia, ever I ;ince the morrow of Villafranca. The English Minis try, which had reserved its opinion, also decide , d in favour of a Congress at its last extra ordina; ry Cabinet (,'ouncil. It will certainly be ac cepted by Prussia. The only doubt is, therefore, as to w , hat Austria will do. She was at first ex eQedin,gl3 • hostile to the convoking of a Congress, in he was fearful of being completely iso late& But in presence of the difficulties which have arisen during the negotiations at Zurich, of the march of events in Ital y , and the manifesta tions of the nati onal assemblies—in presence, too, of th e declaration of the French Government of its deter urination neither to adopt nor tolerate any viole at measure against the free decision of' the ,Italif um populations, the Austrian Cabinet begins to )ercc dye that there is nothing to be gained by re- sisting the convocation of a Congress. The last despatches from Vienna affirm that Austria is hesi tating, and that is not far from consenting under present circumstances. The question of a Congress may therefore be regarded as settled." On the question of the King of SARDINIA consenting to the annexations which have been voted, the same letter says :—" The acceptation of the annexation of Tuscany, Parma. Modena, and the Legations by the King of SARDINIA becomes more and more pro bable, but the ratification of a Congress will be re quired. All these proceedings may seem rather incom patible with the preliminaries of Villafranca, but it is impossible to deny that they are the logical and almost inevitable development of the actual state of affairs. It is impossible to come to any other conclusion in presence of the disposition of the French Government, which, after fairly exhaust ing all the means in its power to fulfil the stipula tions of the treaty relative to the fallen princes, seems now to incline to a policy more favourable to Piedmont and to satisfying the wishes of Italy. This supplies a positive contradiction to all the reports of dissensions between NAPOLEON 111. and King VICTOR EMMANUEL. There has never been any disagreement between them.' The course of circumstance and the march of mind have whispered moderation to the one, and have taught humility and a sense of decorum to the still would-be despotic supremacy of the other. There must be a Congress for the benefit of the Italians not less than for a prospect of rest for Europe from the constant alarms created by in trigue and fostered by intolerance. We see that King LEOPOLD, as usual, has an eye to business. His.family alliance with Austria hathpers him more than he bargained for, and he finds it not only convenient, but imperative, to send an envoy to the Emperor NAPOLEON at Biarritz, to plead for Aus tria against Italy, and in favour of his Bourbon cousins—the self-exiled, despotic Dukes. Really this is too bad ; but nothing is considered too good for such " a go-between !" Will Lord JOHN RUSSELL be sent to represent England at the . Conference ? If so, we hope he will have the fear of another Vienna in his heart, and keep the honour of England and the Indepen dence of Italy in his mind's eye. We have some hope that one of the most sense ,ess strikes on record is showing symptoms of drawing to a close. It began with a class who were not satisfied with as much wages for ten hours as the millions of agricultural labourers throughout the kingdom are thankful to obtain for three times ten hours. No one could pretend, therefore, not even the unionists themselves, that this was a " sedition of the belly." It was a strike avowedly to do less for the same money. Ten hours, forsooth, was too much for a man to work ! We only wish that we could do our work in ten hours, and thousands of income-tax payers will breathe most devoutly the same aspiration. The pretexts were the most irrational and self-refuting conceiv able. The market was overstocked with labour ; it was said, therefore, let us enhance the price of the produce of our labour ! Let us make building cost more—the inevitable result of employing eleven men to do what is now done by ten—and then we shall have more work ! The building trades of London actually sold their good English liberty to a glib-tongued orator or two, who could persuade them that they would each have an hour a day more to chat and smoke ; and that the men now least worth employing, and therefore out of work, would obtain it, if wages were raised, and houses made dearer ! Were it not for the distress entailed on thousands by this folly, it would be a subject for ridicule merely. But gleams of common sense are appearing, and that amongst the workmen themselves. It requires no ordinary courage for any man to contend against the vast majority of his own class; to be denounced as a traitor to his order, and to offend probably the greater part of his immediate acquaintances. All honour, therefore, is due to men like Mr. POMEROY and Mr. PLUMMER, who can honestly denounce the tyranny of the Unions, and vindicate the liberty claimed for both masters and men by the now cele brated " document "of the former. We are sorry that Mr. JAMES should ever have lent his name to a denunciation of that document; the more we re. fleet on it the more we are satisfied that the prin ciples enunciated in it are those merely of plain English liberty. Mr. POMEROY'S lucid string of questions in regard to it have never been answered, nor can they be; and Mr. PLUMMER'S very able speech, delivered at the preliminary meeting of t►he nti• Strike Committee, really settles the whole question. In a speech, which, for its ability, strong sense, and practical character, would have been cheered in the House of Commons itself, and which presents a striking contrast to the senseless twaddle of Mr. Secretary POTTER, Mr. PLUMMER observes that, while it is indeed unfair for any master to tyrannise over his men, the document states " that it fully recognises the right of employers and em ployed, individually, to make any trade engage ment on which they may choose to agree." " Why," he went on to remark, " this is d distinct and positive acknowledgment of the freedom of labour, or the right of every working man to dispose of his labour to the best advantage." Mr. PLU3IMER speaks of the Trades' Unions as they deserve. Had they continued to be simply benevolent societies, few, indeed, of the masters but would have gladly contributed to their funds. A hypocritical attempt has, indeed, been made to represent them as still retaining that valuable character ; but the strike, to their order, is the answer to all such imposture. They are now, we are told, and truly told, by an operative, " associa tions which have done more than anything else to retard our progress, imperil our welfare, and destroy our self-respect." "The history of Trades' Unions is one of strikes, quarrels, disputes, con fusion, ruin, and misery. They have seldom, if ever, effected any good, or benefit, whenever they have departed from their legitimate object of assisting their members in sickness, distress, or old age ; and the sooner we have done with them, when they depart from their proper sphere, the better for us." He lamented the sums spent by them in futile strikes, which might have been so much better employed in the elevation of their class; and added—let workmen ponder his words— " Every working man is fully aware that n• tyranny or despotism is more exacting or relentless than that exercised by a Trades' Union, and every working man who desires to behold the enfran chisement of his class will not hesitate in denoun cing the evils inflicted by the arbitrary exercise of power on the part of these combinations." This witnessis surely true. It reads like the record of experience. Mr. PLummEa told them :hat they were promised nine hours' labour and more time to improve their minds, while the fact was that their things were going to the pawnbrokers' ; that they were to get the benefit of machinery, while they were stimula ting inventive men to supersede labour by improved machinery ; that they were demanding more of their employer's profits, which would drive him to invest his capital in something better, leaving them to starve; that Mr. POTTER wished them to be the : • • I h., . ~ • . „ - „ ,DR O IT - "Nni4ms - • THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 3, 1859. " experimental disciples of his scheme for the new formation of society." Would they sacrifice their in terests in favour of his ambitious dreams ? Why should he step between them and their daily bread ? Why should the non-society men suffer for the mis deeds of others ? He advised them to make the do cument " the rule of the shop ;" he denied that any skilful, steady, industrious man would ever want employment when it was to be had, and advised them to have nothing to do with strikes, for though " the harshness of some employers is bad enough, the tyranly of a strike executive is worse still." Seldom have we so much sensible counsel to the working men in a single speech. The homely " unadorned eloquence" of Mr. PLUM3IER has some thing of the ring of RICHARD COBDEN in it. It is that thorough English outspokenness which " takes the bull by the horns." We hope that the failure of " dividends," this week, even of ls. H. dividends a fortnight, to men who three weeks ago earned more than £3 in the same time will clench Mr. PLUM3IER'S arguments, and save the deluded and heir families from folly and ruin. What's in a name ! " A rose by any other name will smell as sweet" is a proverb no less true than trite ; yet, nevertheless, the name to be bestowed on a new colony or a new city is not altogether unim portant. It has fallen to the lot of British rulers and British adventurers to give a name to many spots in many quarters of the globe—from the Southern continent, whose fairest portions are known by the title of our ancient Cymrian princi• pality and the name of our present Queen, to the lonely capes and snowy islands among the Polar seas, where hardy Englishmen have given their names to the desolate regions few others dared to explore. An interesting task has fallen to her MAJESTY in the selection of suitable appellations for the new colony which her reign has seen inaugurated, and for its capital. The name of the colony is in every way suitable —rendering due honour to the memory of the great Genoese discoverer. It is now announced that the capital of British Columbia shall be called "New Westminster," to be in its time, no doubt, a worthy 'rival of the similarly named capital of the Empire State—" New York." It is doubtless not without a motive that her Majesty has selected a title thus linking the new land with the old. It will keep fresh in the memories of the emigrants who will people those vast solitudes the old associations and home thoughts. The very name of their capital will bring before them visions of the stately abbey that has seen many a changing line of sovereigns since the days of EDWARD THE CONFESSOR—of the sena torial chambers, where the liberties of England have been striven for no less valiantly than on the tented field—of the hall where the old " trial by jury" links the people of progress with the days of Saxon ALFRED. And as another generation rises, with all the fresh and vigorous energies of their new country, untrammelled by the fetters of cus tom and civilisation in the old, the name of their capital may teach them to temper their unchecked freedom by a veneration for the old land that has given them their laws and their liberty. When the wild regions where the bear and the marten have been the solitary denizens, and the fur trapper or the Red Indian the only travellers, shall see crowded cities and cultivated fields take the place of trackless snow and pathless forest, the name of " New West minster" may remind its inhabitants that they have a claim to share the memories and traditions of their forefather's fatherland. It .may teach them to emulate the fame of their city's sponsor, the statesmen and heroes, the poets and philosophers that sleep under the shadow of its Abbey ; the judges and councillors, whose weighty wisdom has presided in its Hall; and the eloquence, the ability, and the patriotic spirit that have stirred and swayed its Parliament. Let us, then, wish all prosperity to our new colo nial capital, and trust that the bonds of fellowship and old association may never be broken between the mother country and her vast possessions in the great northern continent of the West, but still " Be linked in sympathy with auld langsyne." Among the many advantages that will accrue to the public from the proposed extension of the rail way lines through the metropolis, to a grand focus at Charing-cross, will be, let us hope, the diminu. tion in the number of those heavily-loaded vans which now threaten the passenger with accident and disaster. The accidents arising from the care lessness and hardihood with which they are packed are of frequent occurrence, in the City more espe cially. The melancholy death of a gentleman in King William-street from this cause is of recent date ; and it is but a few days since a lady and gentleman in a cab were nearly crushed by the falling of seven bales of silk from a heavily-loaded waggon in Calthorpe street, Gray's Inn-road. The immense height to which the loads are raised must have strack every passenger in London-streets as extremely dan gerous. Even supposing them to be securely fastened at starting, the continued oscillation of a long journey loosens the cords and allows tne smaller part of the baggage to slip. It was from this cause that the accident in Calthorpe-street occurred, and from the great height to which the vans are packed, a comparatively small weight falling on a passer-by might inflict a serious in jury, if not death. The vans, loaded with empty fruit and vegetable baskets, leaving Covent-garden on the evenings of market days, are so numerous and unwieldy as to compel the removal of the large lamp on Waterloo-bridge some time since. It is quite time that some attention were paid to this matter, since the frequent occurrence of these acci dents in narrow and crowded thoroughfares en dangers the lives and limbs of all who traverse the streets of the metropolis. THE Q UEEN IN SCOTLAND, BALMORAL, AUG• 3 Her Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Con sort, accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Princesses Alice, Helena, and Louisa, and the Prince Arthur, attended by Lady Churchill, the Hon. Emily Cathcart, Sir George Grey, Major-General the Hon. C. Grey, the Hon. Sir C. B. Phipps, Lord Charles Fitzßoy, Major Elphinstone, and Sir James Clark, left Holyrood Palace at a quarter before nine o'clock for the St. Margaret's station, and proceeded by railway to Banchory ; after remaining half an hour for lun cheon, her Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Consort and the Royal Family, and the ladies and gentle. men of the household, proceeded in travelling carriages to Balmoral, where the royal party arrived at a quarter before six o'clock. His Excellency the Russian Minister and the Baroness Brunnow entertained at dinner, last evening, at Chesham-house, their Imperial Highnesses the Grand Duke Constantine and the Grand Duchess Marie of Russia. There were also present his Excellency Count Strogonoff. his Excellency M. D. Hawrowitz, Col. Chestakoff, Col. Greig, his Excellency M. de Golownine, his Excellency M. Mainowsay, Count Bloudotf, M. de Sabouroff, 11. de Tol stoy, and Capt. Boyce. His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constantine dined with the Baron and Barer es Brunnow on Saturday last, when a select circle were ix , vited to meet his Imperial Highness. His Highness Prince Pierre .Troubetzkoy has arrived at the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-street, from the continent. Her Excellency the Baroness Brunnow has been suffering from severe indisposition during the past few days. Her excellency was happily sufficiently recovered to receive their Imperial Highnesses the Grand Duke Con stantine and the Grand Duchess Maria of Russia last evening. The Marquis of Lansdowne arrived at Lansdowne House yesterday from his villa at Richmond. The noble marquis leaves in a few days for Bowood, Wilts. LATEST NEWS. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : TURIN, SEPT. 2. The deputatation from Tuscany is expected to arrive here at noon to-morrow, and preparations are being made to give the members of the same a splendid reception. , The King will receive the deputation at three o'clock in the afternoon. BOLOGNA, SEPT. 1. To-day the Governor-General of the Romagna opened the National Assembly with a speech, of which the following is a summary : " The people of the Romagna, after having ex hibited great prudence during the last three months, hastened in crowds to the electoral dis tricts to record their votes. Now it is for you, gen- tlemen, to give expression to the wishes of the peo ple. The good result of my government is owing to the zeal of those who have elected me. I have en deavoured to provide for the defence of the country against aggressions from all sides by forming a league with the neighbouring States." He concluded thus :—" Constitute your govern ment, and entrust it to him who possesses yorr confidence." ZURICH, SEPT. 2. Yesterday, at the meeting of the Plenipotentiaries, the regulation of certain points relating to the limits of the Lombardian frontiers and the separa tion of the civil and ecclesiastical jurisdictions was taken into consideration. The Prussian Minister accredited at Turin has arrived here, and paid a visit to the Sardinian Plenipotentiaries. A meeting also took place yesterday of the second Plenipotentiaries of the three Powers. ZURICH, SEPT. 3. Yesterday there was a conference of the Plenipo tentiaries, lasting two hours, at which M. de Bour quency, M. de Bonneville, Count Colloredo, and M. de Meisenberg were present. PARIS, SEPT. 2. The Correspondence Havas contains the follow ." It has been decided that a considerable portion of soldiers belonging to the class of 1853 shall be discharged with six months' leave, which at its expiration may be converted into rengwable furloughs." Lng FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY. A letter from St. Sauveur of the Ist says :—" No thing is talked of here but the improvements which are to be the consequence of the visit of their Ma • jesties to these mountains. The suspension bridge, which is to open the new communication between St. Sauveur and the road from Gevre, will be a very picturesque object, besides being of great utility. The Emperor has given orders that the works shall be carried on with the greatest activity. On Sa turday evening a number of bathers and tourists arrived, and Sunday the avenue de St. Sauveur di , - played as fashionable toilettes as the boulevards of Paris. At 11 o'clock the Emperor and Empress arrived at Luz to attend high mass. Their Majesties were received at the door of the church by Mgr. La urence, bishop of Tarbes, and a numerous body of his clergy. A bishop who had lately arrived from China and a Roman prelate was also present. After Divine service, their Majesties visited every part of the old church, built by the:Templars, and the tower of which is one of the most curious pieces of antiquity in the country. The Emperor remarked that this monument ought to be carefully preserved and that it should be repaired, and generously pro mised to furnish the funds necessary for so doing. On leaving the church, their Majesties were con ducted by the bishop to the salle d'asile, and the children on their entering raised a cry of \rive RAILWAYS. le Prince Imperial !' Mlh Forcamidan one of the lady patronesses, and daughter of the mayor of Luz, presented the Empress with a handsome bouquet, and the young girls executed a cantata. The Emperor is said to have observed that the building was not sufficiently commodious, and testified his intention of having one built more suitable to the wants of the town. A violent storm prevailed during the whole of Suiday night. On Monday morning, although the weather con tinued unfavourable, the Empress was conveyed to the thermal establishment in a sedan-chair, in the style of the last century, richly gilt and orna mented. In the afternoon, their Majesties went out for a walk, but the bad weather compelled them to make their excursion shorter than it would otherwise have been." BOURSE, Sept. I.—The market has improved in consequent: of a report of Austria having agreed to the meeting of a Congress. Threes, after having been done at 66f. 70c., rallied to 69f. sc. Mobilier varied from 805 f. to 820 f. ; Austrian, 553 f. 75c. to 555 f. ; Lombard, 552 f. 50c. to 553 f. 75e. ; Orleans, 1,360 f. to 1, 365 f. ; Lyons, 863 f. 75c. to 865 f. ; Southern, 500 f. to 506 f. 25G. The following were the last quotations : ti per Cents. ...• 97 80 I Credit Fonder 665 Do. end month .. 97 85 Belgian 4: 1 : 3 per Cent 5....... 68 80 Piedmontese (5) Do. end month.... 6 3 85 Roman B7 Bank Shams 2780 Austran Credit Mobilier .. 820 Spanish Threes Do. Account 817 50 Home Debt 42 50 Cash. Account Orleans .... Northern - -- • • 922 50 New ditto. Bl2 50 .. Lyons and Mediterranean 867 50 .. 867 50 Geneva 530 .. 523 75 Southern W es t ern 570 • • 567 50 Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard .. .. • Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 121 e. ; money, 25f 7,1 c. ; three months, paper, 24f. 971 c.; money, 24f. 950. BOLOGNA. The special correspondent of the Siecle writes I from Bologna, 30th ult., as follows : " The national will has once more manifested itself throughout the whole of Romagna. Univer sal suffrage has during the last two days raised its voice. The priests, who are so numerous in this country, the monks, and the capucius have not kept aloof from the electoral urn, but like other citizens have freely deposited their votes. It had been said that the clergy would abstain, but I saw a great number of them enter the polling booths with their cards in their hands. The general re sult of the vote is known ; the liberal list—that which will not have the temporal power of the Power re-established on any condition—has obtained an immense majority. Do not for a moment suppose that this list is composed of old or new revolutionary names, for such is not the case ; it is the aristo eravy which is at the head of the movement. For those rich and powerful men to have consented to thus stake their fortune and their liberty, the clerical government must have been deeply execrated in the country, for there is not one among the new party who would not be obliged to go into exile on the day when the Lega tions should again fall under the Pontifical yoke. On the difficulty of effecting a total change in the administration all at once, the writer says : " The installation of a new Government' at Bo logna was not so easy as at Parma, Florence, and Modena. At Bologna everything had to be created : administration, finances, justice, army, &e. It was necessary to organise Ministries, institute a Coun • cil of State, instal a Civil Tribunal and a Court of Cassation=in a word, to improvise the whole ad ministrative machinery of a State, and that has been accomplished, thanks to the activity of the new Government and to the good will of all the citizens. The finances are at present in an excel lent condition, and no doubt exists of the Govern- went being able to go on without having recourse to a new loan." The result of the new system of Government is thus described : " Colonel Cipriani, from the first day of his in stallation as extraordinary commissioner, succeeded in acquiring great authority over the people, and both he and his colleagues enjoy their entire con fidence. He is vigilant, active, and devoted, and watches with unceasing care over the maintenance of public tranquillity. He will not tolerate any seditious cries, any open air speechifying, or un seasonable demonstration, and is at the same time Political Governor, and Prefect of Police of Ro magna. At the period of the legitimate Govern ment, that is to say, when 6,000 Austrians and 1,800 Sbirri occupied Bologna, the town and country were infested with banditti and smug glers; travellers were stopped in open day and robbed at the very gates of the town, and even in the town itself. People of fortune could not go to their country houses without being stopped on the road. When complaints of this state of things were made to Cardinal Antonelli, the answer given was 'lt is not the bandits or the smugglers who think of getting up revolutions.' Since the tem poral power of the Pope in Romagna has ceased, and the Austrirn battalions have left, the bandit has disappeared and the smuggler has become a soldier. The road over the Appenines has become as safe as that from Paris to St. Cloud—no more crimes, almost no more offences. The ' infamous' revolution has cleared the roads and given security to every one—a precedent which Cardinal Anto nelli will never forgive." RUSSIA. In the middle of the month of July Prince Bariatinski undertook a great expedition into Dag hestan. An order of the day, dated the Bth of August, announces the result of the expedition in the submission of Andi, Avarie, Gumbat, Koissubo, and other districts on the left bank of the Koissu and the vicinity. An Imperial rescript announces that the Emperor has conferred upon Prince Baria tinski the Order of St. George, second class. A company has been formed at St. Petersburg for the construction of a commercial port there on a large scale. The Russian Government has ordered the first three corps (Parmee, under the orders of Prince Gortschakoff, to be placed on a peace footing. LOSS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MAIL STEAMER. The following telegram has been received by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Com- pang : " The Valetta arrived at Marseilles at 8 p.m. yesterday, and brings intelligence of the loss of the steamer Northam, en the 20th August, oit the Nautilus reef, near Jeddah, in the Red Sea. _ . " All the passengers and the chief part of the Australian mails were landed on an adjacent island. " Arrangements had been made to convey them ,o Aden in the Benares and Cyclops, from whence :hey will come forward to Suez by the Simla." ?lIE NAVY. The Duke of Somerset, First Lord of the Admi ralty, held a levee at the Royal Naval College in Portsmouth dockyard yesterday. Upwards of 80 names were entered for presentation. After the levee their lordships embarked on board their barge and went on board the Duke of Wellington, 131, screw, lying at her harbour moorings in steam re serve. On returning from their visit to this noble vessel their lordships entered carriages, which had been provided for the purpose, and proceeded to Fort Cumberland, at the entrance of Langston har bour, the head-quarters and practice ground of the Royal Marine Artillery. A large main sewer for the drainage of the buildings in the fort, with other works, is in course of construction. But a small proportion of the man belonging to the corps sleep in the fort, which is only adapted for use as the practice ground of the corps, and merely affords the necessary accommodation to the men engaged at practice. The erection of new barracks has been under the consideration of the Lords of the Admi ralty for some time, but prior to the present visit of their lordships the site for their erection had not been determined on. It has been suggested by com petent authorities that the Royal Marines and the Royal Marine Artillery should be amalgamated, and the whole body become Royal Marine At tillery. At the conclusion of their visit to Fort Cumberland their lordships returned to Portsmouth. In the even ing their lordships gave their customary annual dinner at Dent's Portland Hotel, Southsea, and afterwards patronised the ball at Hollingsworth's rooms, Southsea, in aid of the funds of the Sea- men's and Marines' Orphans' School and Female Orphans' Home. Their lordships are expected to leave Portsmouth this morning in the Osborne, Master-Commander Bower, from the Channel Islands, attended by the Black Eagle, Master- Commander J. Petley. The Mersey, 40, screw, Capt. H. Caldwell, C. 8., left Spithead yesterday morning under canvas for the westward. It had been intended for this vessel to have made a trial of her altered screw at the measured mile before her departure, but the boiste rous state of the weather since she has been ready for trial prevented it taking place. The Vulcan, screw troopship, Commander Strode, steamed out of harbour yesterday and made trial of her speed at the trial ground in Stokes Bay. The force of wind was 51, and the regulations are that no vessel shall make trial of her speed with new engines 'with the wind at a greater force than three. As, however, it was imperatively neces sary she should leave Portsmouth yesterday for Gravesend, where she takes on board a regiment for conveyance to Inverness, the trial was made. The mean of four runs at the measured mile gave, even under these • unfavourable circumstances, a . _ speed of 94 knots. The Vulcan is an old steam troopship, and this is her first trip since receiving her new engines by Maudslay and Co. Her old boilers remain in her. After having map her runs at the measured mile, the officials on board, who had been conducting the trial, were transferred to the Grinder, gunboat, and the Vulcan left for Graiesend. The following appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty :—Lieut. W. T. W. Hambly, to the Pearl ; E. F. Miles, Assist..Surg., confirmed, to the Quail ; F. H. Chown, to be secretary's clerk to the Captain of the Fleet in the Channel; C, C. Watson, clerk, to the Trafalgar; and E. Tisdall, clerk, to the Donegal. THE ARMY. Last week five men belonging to the garrison at Woolwich made their escape from custody while awaiting their trial by court-martial, and, having forced the luggage-room door (secured by a couple of locks and one strong bolt), in which the baggage of absent officers is deposited, they broke open the chests, and, liabited in private clothes, succeeded in effecting their escape. At the present moment the number of prisoners is unusually large; and to avoid the chances of similar escapes the sentences pronounced by the daily courts-martial are ordered to be executed without delay, and in most cases are put in force on the following morning soon after daybreak. In consequence the infliction of the lash is of almost daily occurrence at Woolwich. On Thursday morning the available force of the depot brigade were assembled at six a.m. for " punishment parade," to attend the flogging of three men belonging to their corps who had been tried by a court-martial held on the previous day, of which Lieutenant-Colonel 'Talbot, R.A., was Pre sident, and had been convicted of simple desertion, which signifies without re-enlistment. For this crime they had been condemned to suffer the punishment of 50 lashes and 84 days' punishment each, and to be branded with - the letter ",D." Two only were, however, brought forward on Thursday, the sentence of the third having been for some rea son postponed to a future day. These two men had been discovered absent without leave, and had been brought back by the police. The first man, named Green, bore his punishment, as stated by an eye-witness, " like a true soldier," but the second, named Davis, a young recruit, protested his inno cence of the crime of desertion, bellowed and screamed for mercy, and supplicated Colonel Talbot and the medical officer and others who were pre- sent to have compassion on him, or he should die. His back was covered with a mass of large red, inflated boils, which bled profusely at every stroke, and reddened the ground under his feet, upon which the cat was ordered, to be withheld for a few moments, when, finding that his punishment was not at an end, he gave vent to exclamations for mercy, and partly succeeded in delivering himself by force from the straps which bound him to the halyards. The punishment was again ordered to be continued, when at every succeeding stroke his cries and exclamations were most lamentable, insomuch that officers and men swooned away at the sickening spectacle, and had to be carried into the open air. One officer and upwards of 20 non-com missioned officers and men long in the service fainted, and others stopped their ears and closed their eyes, lest they, too, should become unnerved, and be subject to the reproach and ridicule of their comrades. The following officers belonging to the cavalry and infantry depots at Canterbury are ordered to embark with the reinforcements to India --Major T. Nisbet and Capt. J. E. Edlmann, Ist (The King's) Dragoon Guards ; Capt. Horne 2d (The Queen's) Dragoon Guards ; Capt. R. Hale, 7th Hussars ; Capt. S. L. D. Hammond, 90th Light Infantry; Lieut. G. C. Ross, Bth Hussars ; Lieut. Billing, I7th Lancers; Cornet G. Batley and Cor net W. M. Weir, 2d Dragoon Guards ; Cornet E. Brett, 3d (Prince of Wales's) Dragoon Guards ; Cornet E. Metcalfe, Cornet E. H. Kennard, and Cornet H. H. Wombwell. 7th Hussars ;;Cornet J. J. Fraser, 17th Lancers ; Ensign C. Roger, 70th Regiment ; Ensign D. P. Murray and Ensign F. Russell, 90th Light Infantry. The detachments that proceed, to India from Canterbury are 62 men of the Ist Dragoon Guards, 65 men of the 2d Dra goon Guards, 13 men of the 3d Dragoon Guards, 49 men of the 7th (Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards, 91 men of the 7th Hussars, 19 men of the Bth Hussars, 70 men of the 17th Lancers, 28 men of the 70th Regiment, 173 men of the 90th Light In fantry, and 71 men of the 98th Regiment. The left wing and the remaining companies of the 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment arrived at Gravesend yesterday from India in the Northum berland, belonging to Messrs. Green and Co., the other portion of the regiment having arrived at Gravesend about a fortnight since in the Ghengis Khan and Kennington. The left wing embarked at Bombay on the 2d of May last, under the com mand of Capt. M. Lepper and four subalterns, the total strength being 201 non-commissioned officers and men. During the passage, which occupied 120 days, 8 deaths occurred on board. Many of the troops have been with the regiment the whole time the 86th has been in India, upwards of 17 years. The companies disembarked at Gravesend yester day, 193 strong, and proceeded by special train to Gosport to join head-quarters. The head-quarters of the 84th (York and Lan caster) Regiment, consisting of the grenadier, light infantry, and four companies, with the band and colours, which arrived at Gravesend on Thursday in the Tudor, from Calcutta, disembarked at Til bury Fort yesterday morning, under the command of Capt. W. C. E. Snow, and proceeded by the Til bury Railway direct to Sheffield. The depot com panies of the regiment still remain at Chatham, but the route for the depot to proceed to join head quarters is daily expected at that garrison. The 27th (Capt. A. W. Durnford's) company of Royal Engineers, having completed their portion of the building at Woolwich for the manufacture of Sir W. Armstrong's cannons, have received orders to join head-quarters at Brompton-barracks, Chat ham, to prepare for embarkation for the Mauritius. The company is expected to arrive at Chatham to day. The proceedings and sentence of a district court martial which assembled at Chatham garrison a few days since for the trial of a sapper of the Royal Engineers on a charge of desertion and fraudulent re-enlistment having been approved by the Major- General, the same was read to the Royal and East India Engineers at a full parade at Brompton-bar racks. The prisoner, John Farrar, who has only been a few months in the service, deserted from head-quarters six months ago, and immediately afterwards enlisted into the 80th at Buttevant, by which he defrauded the Government of the sum of £5 13s. bounty. He was, however, afterwards ap prehended as a deserter, and sent to head-quarters. The court found him " guilty," and sentenced him to be marked on the body with the letter " D," to be imprisoned in Fort Clarence for 112 days, and to be placed under stoppages until the whole amount which he fraudulently obtiined from the Government is made good. A battery of the Royal Horse Artillery, consist ing of 125 men, 105 horses and lour guns, two 18- pounders, and two 9-pounders, under the command of Major Davies, Capt. Saunders, Lieut. Maunsell, Lieut. Isaacson, and Lieut. Elwin, arrived in Exe ter on Thursday on their way to Devonport. They have been stationed at Aldershott, and will perform garrison duty at Devonport. The Himalaya, screw troopship, Corn. Seccombe, embarked yesterday at Gravesend the following officers and . troops :—Capt. Close, R.A., wife, two children, and female servant ; Quartermaster Morris, R.A., wife and child ; 3 staff sergeants, 1 sergeant, 1 armourer sergeant, 1 bombardier, and 5 gunners of the Royal Artillery ; 6 women and 16 children ; and one man discharged from the 100th Regiment, for conveyance to Quebec. The Hima laya will leave for her destination (Halifax) this morning. From Halifax she proceeds to Quebec and' Bermuda, returning from the latter port with the 26th Regiment on board to Spithead. TIIE VICTORIA CROSS. I (From the Gazette of last evening) The. Queen has been graciously pleased to signify her intention to confer the decoration of theTictoria Cross on the undermentioned officer and private of her Majesty's army. whose claims to the same have been submitted for her Majesty's approval, on account of acts of bravery per formed by them in India, as recorded against their names, viz : Lieutenant (now Captain) Andrew Cathcart Bogle, 78th Regiment (now of the 2d Battalion 13th Regiment)—For conspicuous gallantry on the 29th July, 1857, in the attack at Oonao, in leading the way into a loopholed house, strongly occupied by the enemy, from which a heavy fire harassed the advance of his regiment. Captain Bogle was severely wounded in this important service. Private Henry Addison, 43d Regiment—For gallant con duct on the 2d of January, 1859; near Kurrereah, in defend ing against a large force, and saving the life of Lieut. Osborn, Political Agent, who had fallen en the ground wounded. Private Addison received two dangerous wounds, and lost a leg, in this gallant service. SHOCKING DEATHS.—Yesterday morning about seven o'clock considerable alarm was caused in the neigh bourhood of Hammersmith by the discovery of the bodies of two fine young women upon the top of a brick-kiln, in a field belonging to Messrs. Williams, the brickmakers, at Shepherd's Bush. It appears that the deceased have been seen by the police and others wandering about the neigh bourhood of Shepherd's Bush for some time past, and sleep ing in the fields at night. When asked who they were one represented that her name was Holmes, the daughter of a pensioned police-sageant of the B division, and the other stated that her name was Thompson, and that she had come from Twickenham. They both represented that they had run away from their parents, and had been confined in re formatories, which they had also left. 'Holmes had been seen about for the last six weeks, and the other ebo ut nine days. It is supposed that they crept utaoil the kiln for warmth, the night being cold, and while'rtsleep were suffo cated with the fumes from the burning bricks t Their bodies presented a most shocking appearance, and they we i r re moved without delay to the dead 'house of-the Fulham Union. THE HOPS IN MAIDSTONE.—The weather of late ha's been most propitious for the final growth of the hops. The gardens were scarcely ever in better order, and the ex traordinary progrc ss made during the last week or ten days has induced a rise in the amount of duty betted on which will probably lead to much disappointment and surprise at the settling day. Althoug h the hop s in many and, in fact, in most places look nearly as promising as they did in 185 a, —the year of the highest duty—it seems to be forgotten that the acreage in that year was written as 57,757, whereas the estimated acreage of the present year is only 44,000, so that, even the produce per acre being the same as in 1855, the total must fall far short. The picking has already com menced, the Messrs. Stonham, of Arple Farm, having opened the ball on Wednesday> Next week the piclbiig will be general. The " College" gardens perhaps never looked better ; and the remark applies alike to the old ground on the top of the bill, and to that which was brought into hop culture only a few years ago, looking westerly over the village of Toville. Yesterday the trains brought. down 200 or 300 of the Irish pickers ; to-day there have arrived as nuuly thousands. TfIE CORPORAL PUNISHMENT AT KING'S SCHOOL, CANTEI?BUI?Y. -4 , - - A case of considerable interest to the friends of children at public schools has just occurred at the King's . School at Canterbury, 'in reference to the introduction, by the recently-appointed head-master! the Rev. J. Mitchinson, of a system of corporal punishment ,‘. to be publicly inflicled on the boys. .Ihe circumstances appear to be as follows :-- Lie . utenant Vousden, Q.M. of the 4th Depot Bat talion, now stationed in thy Canterbury BarFacks, in the some 18 months since placed h is onl y son King's School, under the superintendence of the Rev. George Wallace, the then hea d-master institution. of the - Mr. Wallace has sisce resigned the appointment, and the prese nt head- master has been in charge of the school rather over month.. On Thursday, the 25 th ult., Lieutenant Ai ousden sent a note to the R ev. J. Mitchinson, requesting that his son might leave the school et 11.30 for the day. No answer was returned ; but the head-master told the youth that, as he so recently, had leave, he could not allow him to go then, alr the boy imagining that he meant during W e morning's duties, lie left school at the usual hour, and on reaching home found a message that he was to follow his father who had gone to Canterbu.l.l races. This request he accordingly complied NOW' was called before the head-maste r, and, For so doing, the next morning Master the Pre; Vousden i n sence of the assembled school was told that he WI been guilty of a direct act of disobedience, ,fl.s which he must be flogged at half- pas t four. 111,_8 was communicated to Lieutenant Vousden by LU,, son, and the following correspondence be' ensued : FROM LIEUTENANT VOUSDEN TO THE BE V ' J. MITCHINSON. Rev. J. 'Mitchinson, and begs to st ate that his Mr. Vousden presen t s his complime nts to the th was absent from school yesterday afternoon Wl%; his leave and approbation, and therefore request: that no punishment may be inflicted on account el such absence. " Barracks, Canterbury, Aug. 26." .ANT FROM THE REV. J. MITCHINSO N TO LIEUTENANT VOUSDEN. " The King's School, Aug. 2on. i " My dear Sir,—Your note has caused me as embarrassment. I was g lad to find before imagined, that your son was not alone respell" sible for his deliberate disobedience to my any otherwise I should have declined to receive him more as a pupil. I write these few lines now to state to you most distinctly that your son must either submit to the punishment I have publicly prescribsd for him ; or, if you object to that, that he musteea_e. to be a pupil of the King's School from this aftetle noon. I must beg the favour of an hum editi o answer ; and if I do not hear from you S h oe course open to me but to inflict the puni" I am, dear sir, faithfully yours, o rders , Cl J MITCHINSON." FROM LIEUTENANT VOUSDEN TO THE REV. I. MITCHINSON. My dear Sir,—ln reply, to your note just receic.eii: I much regret that I cannot sanction the Pil nis _o Barracks, Aug. 26 ' a ment you have thought necessary for nflict on 7 0 son, he having had my leave and appobation N... 1 absent from school. I wrote to you in the n e r; manner to obtain your sanction, and I am le the believe that you only objected to his leaving school during the morning study, with a:o.i reference to the afternoon. I venture to suggva— that I was justified in looking for an a request in the same manner that it was rod e ' t he you any reason to withhold your sanction te indulgence asked for. Should you therefore E ver feel obliged to enforce the punishment, heNve,.:v much I regret it, I must say that you must car out your threat, and expel the boy from the s e no as I cannot sanction his being punished from fault of his own.—l am, dear sir f• , ait hi. iv 4i THOS, VOUSDE'''ra _ FROM THE REV. J. MITCHINSON TO LIEUTVCA 'ISNOT tog VOUSDEN. 26. " The King's School, Canterbury, Aug - e ar a My dear Sir,—l was very sorry to receive 'tip, note this afternoon, as it left me no alternoot but to inflict what, considered in itself, i 8 a g ., lll n cet disproportionate punishment to your boy's °: t an but what was inevitable, or m aut h o rity will - t hig. end. You, as an officer, will thoroughly f ee ' nor di d n ot, for Allow me, however, to observe that I should I have thought of, punishing the b° ,,Yider the faults of others, however great I might 0 , 11- ,,st. them to be. I punished him for deliberatel the ting at nought my distinct refusal to grant hireecen holiday—a refusal of which you were no t biro conscious (it appears) when you left word f a r of to follow you, or I feel quite sure the br ep discipline would never have taken offence was wilful disobedience and defian t® °f • ng seri° To orders. It was a schoolboy's offence- 0. one ; but one for which the cane was an th mkr punishment, had it not been for your, I tuns' unfortunate interference with the c ourse °• nz il lit discipline. I regret that you should have t h° ,, - :se my not replying formally to your note in anY 4 ii ti see a discourtesy. I think, on reflection, you t he that such a course would be incompatible wl4,`,.niy, duties of a head-master. In conclusion, lam sly genuinely sorry for the boy, who owes his P. ll ", a se, ment (a most severe one) to his friends in 01 1, 9 vg " hop and not to himsel.f I lose in him a 1 311 P'' w het place. though troublesome enough at times and Vele - f restless under authority, s howed the g erms to o good, open, manly disposition. Though his:deParia from the school is indispensable and irrevocab hatil do not in any sense regard it as expulsion, nor I lose any opportunity of removing such i t `vet s pression from others, or of preventing (if it ;fi likely at any time) its injuring his prospect s ' 1- .—I am, dear sir, faithfully yours, m N." J. iTcglNso sing Lieut. Vousden sent a further letter, eXPr.eS regret that Mr. Mitchinson did not a nswer his ild;ng to which want of courtesy the misunderstand 105, was attributable, and stating that ho shgtennter. the correspondence before the Dean and re' This Lieut. Vousden accordingly did, at' ceived the following answer : 0. 9 ' " The Deanery, Canterbury Monday , pace "My dear Sir,—l have laid ' the correspell-;aeo which you sent me before my resident e°,lletlinief in the chapter, and I beg to inform yen,t,l,inson agree with me in thinking that Mr. Nl",, e :tnolic, was entirely justified in the course which in the matter. With regard to the publicatioll as o the correspondence, I must leave you to ae think mast desirable.—l am, my dear sir, fs' fully yours, " HENRY ALFORD, , Dean of CanterbilrY. --__._.__.- THE FATAL STEAMBOAT EXPI' Olt ON THE TYNE. coroner for South Mr. Reed, th eland, concluded a long inquiry at North ° l f t he on Thursday night, into the circumstances o and Mary explosion of one of the boilers of the Williaaillob, ry steam-tug on Friday • afternoon, hi w .„00 John Cockburn, the fireman of that vessel, before blown into the river Tyne and drowned. As eel reported in The Sun, a new company h ale an d )3 menced to run passage Steamers on that river, __ Northuru.ohjasel: of course the old steamboat men are hostile 0 thew, and offer them all kinds of opposition and an iur ili ante. On Friday afternoon the William and , o ff had started off with the Louise Crawshay, a n i g . boat belonging to the new company, from Nevi c bu t tle Quay, and attempted to race against her, ~. while half-way between Newcastle and Shields.4s boiler of - the William and Mary burst and bo at kill Cockburn, the other two men, the crew of the into escaping the leaping T b y y ne. w o o v s e r p t r h o e v inquest that the average speed of the Wilhol and Mary is from six to seven miles an hour, ',.0 that of the Louise Crawshay from 11 to 12 mil p es:i i . s e t d e r i n n evidence tlie at stea m ero hour ; and to put a pressure on the boilers 0 1 ;10 William and Mary her crew had placed some eui er , of chain and some iron upon the safety-v(11r 1111101 their control. The Government safety' val ve • ht been also previously tampered with, and the ? g rail. had been so jammed that it would not to , ' a t han As there was n o vent there, and, as mo r o n 1 ' t he d ou ble the proper pr essure was placed they lever under the char g e of the men, and as thei' to thehav have s been a t t b h a a d t tp k hr n ee o s fired the boat heavily, an explosion aPPearsptor have been inevitable. The Government iTisP e- of wGs pressure e r h n i s m was clearly of opinion that if the eugi tleer n 0 master of it was under G the co o n f tro t l he of that work i ng, nm o impr oper vul va bthoaet boatmen. bell, ta; tile was placed on the noel enhtusvinaelsyse bNevos,,, -janof the d eceased eceastehde mas te r, edjur y, engineman of the boat, made a statement ae—erea resory, . and James Caralwe':„sin( man, Cockburn, of having tarasure. the safety valves and put on and Pr e° t ieo , Th through however, after a short consultaii of gh their foreman, said that they w ere a. , , , a one opinion —that the explosion had been oecaso;oa Uamphell, t 1 that their verdict by_ the ignorance and recklessness of Gregolt'itiley wasp th a ,_burn• were guilty of the manslaughter of John Coea t a pa The coroner quite concurred in their v erdie , _, os t hoped that it would be a warning to the stealaw_vi, t i n n t 'bi men of the Tyne, whose reckless condue r gating the boats had been much complained 01 the public. Campbell and Gregory wer e , ie : 9 111 0a diately taken into custody by the river peltefriano. w As e s r i e ze c s li p n o i ti he coronevarran ttld f or trial at the arrant, Aits but al.:o' _,„i Council in the Stock Exchange yesterday, • We suni at r- No further loans were effected by the In"-„,ro understood to have placed out a considera cent, in other quarters. NI