The Sun. — London, England, 1862-08-26 00:00:00

" F U N, " EVERY WEEK. ONE PENNY. CIRYSTAL PALACE.-ONE SHILLING. kJ Open from NINE TILL DARK. Wet or dry equally available rrO-MORROW.—GREAT POULTRY SHOW. LAST DAY. No Extra Charge. Eight Hundred Pens. TIEUTSCHES TURNFEST ICI N GARTE DES KRYSTAL PALASTES am 27 August, dem Stifetunstage des Deutechen Turnveiein in London. MEETING of the GERMAN GYMNA.STIC SO CIETY at the CRYSTAL PALACE TOMORROW (WEDNESDAY). The competition to take place in the Gymnasium, erected for the purpose on the Balloon Ground, Membeis of the Society to meet on the Rifle Ground at 2.30; competition to c anmence at three o'clock. The programme includes —Chorus, " Turner, auf zum Streik"—Free Exercises without apparatus—Exercises at the Horizontal Bar, Parallel Bars, 'Vaulting Horse—Lift ing a 50lb weight —Leaping—Climbing Ropes without using legs or feet—Gymnastics in Sections—Wrestling. Concluding with Distribution of Prizes, Presentation of Colours, and Chorus, " Spiele sind aus." NOTE.—Should the weather be unfavourable, the com petition Will take place in the Centre Transept. *** For full particulars of amusements see first page. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. This Evening, Balfe's popular Opera of THE ROSE OF CASTILLE._: Commence at 7. THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. 'This Evening, A KISS IN 'TIE DARK. After which, the first part of the Arab Entertainment at half-past 7. To be followed by THE COLLEEN BAWN. To conclude with rir u E ARABS OF THE DESERT. A Troupe of the Beni- Zoug-Zoug. Commence at 7. THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. This Evening, FISH OUT OF WATER. After wh ich, OUR AMERICAN oIYUSIN. With CELOS Y'CALIA. And THE CHRlST .nence at 7. _:IRE••ROYAL, ADELPHI. THE PRETTY HOUSEBREAKER. ADRIENNE LE COUVREUR. And THE DAY. Commence at 7. This Folk SF' ROYAL. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Evenint7, TIIE RENDEZVOUS. After which, at a ter to 8, ICING HENRY VIII. With THE TWO bi.TS. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. This Evening, PEEP O'DAY. Followed by KILLAR FLY. Conclude with THE COLLEEN BAWN SETTLED AT LAST. Commence at 7. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. This EveninF, MAZEPPA. Brilliant Scones in the Circle, Concluding with a Comic Ballet. Commence at 7. S A.CRED HARMONIC SOCIETY, EXETER HALL.-- •' The Messiah " will be again performed on FRIDAY Evening next, at 8 o'clock. MR. and MRS. CHARLES MATHEWS "AT HOME," at Her Majesty's Concert Room, Haymarket, This Evening. Commence at 8. W. S. \VOODIN'S CABINET OF CURIOSITIES, Polygraphic Hall, King William-street, Charing-cross. Commence at 8. ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street, market. Open every evening for Promenade and Dancing. Eugene, CANTERBURY HALL.—EVERY EVENING. — Steckel, the great Trapeze performer—Grand Selections from " Don Sebastien " and "Il Trovatore." —Unswortb, and Duley, the great comic trio, &c. Commence at 7. ---- THE OXFORD, 6, OXFORD-wSTirET, EVERY EVENlNG.—Verdi's "II Corsaro," t full band and chorus.—The comic perfornaance 00 1 18s Caroline Parkes— Steckel on the Flying Trapeze—The Ethiopian oddities of liumsey, Newcomb, "*Commence at 7. NOTICE. All remittances are, henceforth, to be made to IVIr. JOHN CHAPLIN, at The Sun office, 112, Strand, who has been appointed, by the Lord Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun newspaper, and the outstanding debts due in respect thereof. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. 30m.—Afternoon, 2h. 46m. To-MORROW.-Morning, 3h. 4m.—Afternoon, 3h. 21m. THE SUN. LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1662. The extraordinary announcement put forth in the columns of the Moniteur yesterday morning, and transferred to our own but a very few hours after wards, while it has naturally caused immense regret in one quarter, and equal exultation in another, can hardly in reason have taken any one by surprise. The determination arrived'at by the Mum:lß,, and formally declared to Europe by the Moniteur, is exactly what, from the first, seemed to be inevitable as the one immediate and only result that could by possibility come from General GARIBALDI'S ill conceived and misdirected enterprise. The very language now employed by the Moniteur might have been anticipated by less astute publicists even than the Redacteur-en•chef of La France, M. le Viscomte de LA GUERRONNIERE. A journalist, by the way, who proves to have hud a clearer notion of the Imperial policy in regard to Italy than was dreamt of in the political philosophy of the Con stitutionnel. It is almost like an echo of the words of La .France a week since, when the Atoniteur of yesterday observes—" Several newspapers have asked what will be the attitude of the French Government in view of the agitation which now prevails in Italy." Adding—" The question is so clear that any doubt seems impossible." The Atoniteur, however, goes beyond La France when it ap Pend!' to this the positive and explicit declaration sible In view of insolent threats and the pos • c onsequences of a demagogic insurrection, the duty of the French Government and its mili tary honour oblige it more than ever to defend the Holy Fathe r; , The organ of the Imperial Government addi n Es', with grandiose " The world must b e well aware that France does not abandon those to - whom, when in dan ger, she extends her protEetion.” So that all that has yet come from the madness of this new Garibaldian Expedition — has been disastrously ini mical to the interests of the cause of Italian Unity and Italian Independence! -11 doing what GARIBALDI has done, in spite of every remon strance, that Hero has already contrived to bring about the following consequences : He has created disunion among the Italians themselves. He has afforded the French EMPEROR a colour- I able excuse for postp on i ng th e settlement o f the Roman Difficulty. He has embarrassed VICTOR EMMANUEL by placing him in this dilemma, by compelling him to make his choice in this alternative—Either to break with himself (GARIBALDI) or with his (the KING'S) ally, NAPOLEON ! Either to advance sword in hand at the head of his troops against the Hero and his Volunteers, or against the EMPEROR with all France at his back ! GARIBALDI, while rashly doing thus by his SOVEREIGN, has, at the same time, unintentionally but undeniably also been playing into the hands of the s'rench Emperor. By his ill-advised course of Proteeding the ex Dictator has afforded NAPOLEON tl '-e opportunity of repelling what the Moniteur scornfully denounces as " insolent threats," by appealing t o the pride of France, to the glory of her arms, to her soldiers' sense of honour, to the amour propr e of all ranks and classes of her popula tion. Through the very means of the blundering taunts by which GARInaLDI thought to constrain the French EMPEROR to withdraw his troops from IV3IIIO, GARIBALDI has ingeniously contrived to goad that momentary Arbitrator of the Des tinies of Italy into formally Pledging himself to continue his armed occupation o f Rome ! It is precisely the anti climax that has been all along looked for, as the consequence of this ill-timed r.., - 5.,,, • Ixi: ,), NA . ei. , ,z "'i.L , * -.t.,, - ': - ; 1 . k., -<N..t .4. _ - - 2.-)T- - - cii 7,* . - ..,-, —. -,-,. '''te.CA-, ,f o j -.,,, , , % ,•„ 0 % _ . ....,..,,..-.....- unfurling of the standard of civil war in Sicily by that most honest, heroic, patriotic, and blundering of all living Italians—at once the Paladin and the Marplot of Italian Independence ! The ulterior result of these lamentable proceed ings in Southern Italy, it would of course be utterly impossible at this moment even to conjecture. We can only note the events that have already occurred there, and that are occurring elsewhere in consequence. It behoves the English Govern ment more than ever to watch vigilantly over the course of these very sinister proceedings. A heavy responsibility devolves just now upon the noble Earl, her MAJESTY'S Foreign Secretary—who, it cannot but be observed with satisfaction, has hastily returned from his brief holiday excursion in Ire land to his residence at Richmond, so as to be near the seat of Government, and prepared to take mo- mentary note of the occurrences now coming rapidly to light. Earl RUSSELL has reason to remember more vividly, perhaps, than any one how egre- giously we were allowed to " drift" into war but a few years ago apropos to Constantinople. Let him beware that we do not " drift" into war a few months hence apropos to Rome. A timely inti mation to Russia (then our ally) would have saved Western Europe the after necessity of squandering. 100,000 lives and £100,000,000 sterling upon the fatal plateau before Sebas topol! And this merely to accomplish what might have been as readily effected—if the right time only had been seized upon for doing it — by the expenditure of a little ink by a Minister, and of a little breath by an Ambassador. A timely intimation to France (now our ally), might save Italy, might spare Europe fronl the agonies of a protracted and frightful conflict, the wasting of much precious gold, and of still more precious blood. The Autocrat of Russia might have learnt in Peace, and not through War, that England (and France) would not tolerate his advance upon Con- stantinople ! The Autocrat of France might—in reason and in humanity be assured, as frankly and unmistake ably by a few spoken and written words, as eve r he could be afterwards by the clash of bayonets or the thundering of cannon, that Eng land cannot tolerate his seizure—let us say, of N a ples, for his cousin MURAT, or of the Island of Sardinia for himself ! As to the French occupation of Rome, that every one, even every Frenchman, knows perfectly well long since to he a purely temporary arrangement. Sooner or Iater—GARIBALDI has now rendered it later at the very juncture when it just gave promise of being sooner !—Sooner or later the French Division must be withdrawn from Rome ! That is a positive and absolute Necessity. There is no blinking it. The presence of the French soldiers at Rome is simply an expedient; is nothing more than the Evasion of a Difficulty. Their de parture from it is a problem that not only can be solved, but will be solved. How ? Arms may answer, or—Diplomacy. But, beyond any doubt of it, GARIBALDI, in his eagerness to solve the problem of the Roman question, has gone the very worst way to work to discover the solution. Instead of retiring at his " insolent" bidding from the position she there occupies, France is, on the contrary, gathering the reigns up more firmly than ever in her grasp, and taking the scourge of Bellona for her whip. It is the most fatal error : fatal, that is, in its immediate if not in its ulterior consequences. For already—as the re sults of GARIBALDI'S new Sicilian expedition— Italy has anarchy, her Government confusion, NAPOLEON his opportunity. The latter, we may be certain—thanks to GARIBALDI—has his grasp more firmly than ever upon Rome, and an eye alternately directed to Naples and to Sardinia! The confusion begun in Sicily is in the meantime extending fast upon the mainland of the peninsula. GARIBALDI is himself reported to have crossed over from Catania to Mileto, about seven miles from Cape Spartivento ! The Garibaldian Volunteers rising and advancing in various directions. General CoRLE leading his red-shirts to Catanzaro. Colonel NuLLo—fresh from his disappointment in regard to Sarnico leading his red-shirts boldly and resolutely upon Reggio. Colonel BRUZZESI conducting his band the in direction of Cosenza—from which place the Prefect GUICCIARDI tenders hls resignation to the Government, in despair of holding his authority there intact! 'While the like is done—and for the like reasons—by the Pre fect of Catanzaro. Tidings from Aderno, in Sicily, meanwhile, under date the 17th of August, tell us of as many of the King's officers (exactly seventeen) having placed their commissions in the hands of General MELLA rather than draw their swords against General GARIBALDI ! CUGIA, unequal to the emergency, had not yet (when our last telegram was flashed through the submarine wire) been superseded by the arrival at Palermo of CIALDINI —the latter, strange to tell, made a detour on his way from Genoa to Palermo, by going round to Bologna. So formidable, however, is the position affairs are beginning to assume there in Southern Italy, that not only, as head of the land forces of the KING, is CUGIA to be replaced by CIAL DINI—bat, as head of the sea forcer, ALBINI is to make way for PERSANO ! Nay, rumours were actually for a time afloat at Turin to the effect that, while the royal forces will be commanded in Sicily by CIALDINI, the KING'S army upon the mainland would be commanded by the KING himself in per son. However this may be, the dreadful game of civil war is now fairly afoot not only in Sicily, but in more than one part of the Peninsula. The war blast sounded by GARIBALDI at Catania—has been echoed by the French bugles at Rome. 'While these preliminary battle notes are yet ringing in our ears —cannot all this threatened effusion of blood be warded off as a still avoidable calamity to Europe, cannot the opposing swords be thrust back into their scabbards, upon the timely interposition of I le Diplomacy of England ? The -Harvest,—what a cheerful, yet what an anxious Word. We all think of it, more or less, from the end of July till O cto b er, accor di ng t o ou r l a titude and longit u d e. Every family asks what is to be the q ua lity and cost of its loaf. All the markets of E n g land fluctuat e with the aspects of the sky ; and the money market itself rises and falls with tho little column of quicksilver. Transactions involving millions sterling are governed or modified by the changes of the wind. At no other time of the year does. the Stock sky as lo o k at the W o as anxiously as Mark Lane itself. write just now beneath a bright and cheerful sun, and acc or d. ingly we find that our report yesterday of the I Corn Market was—flat, a shilling or two a quarter lower, for sunshine and plenty go together. About a week ago it was just the reverse. The n, in our • north and part of the country, cold winds from the no, north-east suddenly squeezed the vast electric transparent sponge—for such it is in reference to moisture—in which we all live, and drenched us and our crops. Harvest was a sad word for those 1 few days. In this country, however, and at this time of year, rains are frequently partial and even local. While we were all gloomy on the banks of the Thames, the dwellers on the numerous streams which make their way, from the east and north, THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVE AIJ(UST 26, 1862. especially, to the Humber,were rejoicing, they told us, in splendid weather. This week, however, pro bably nearly all the kingdom has been blessed with the weather for which we all pray, and for which we trust all are thankful. May we enjoy a con tinuance of it for the remainder of the harvest. Happily, we are not now dependent, as we once were, on our own supplies alone, till grinding wheat had reached a famine price. It was one of the many iniquities of the old corn-laws, that in a season in which the wheat was much injured by a wet har vest, the vast quantity of inferior wheat sold at a low price, kept down the average price by which the landlords regulated our supply from foreign countries, till the wheat fit for human food was enormously dear. We now look back with wonder on the subservience of a people, and the power of a selfish aristocracy, which could allow of such a state of things. Yet there were not wanting worthy and sensible statesmen who believed that national pros perity depended on high rents for landlords, created as they supposed, by excluding the country from the harvests of the earth. In no instance, perhaps, has the folly of human interference with economical laws been proved more conclusively, even to the satisfaction of the immortal Fifty-Three. We have received foreign supplies beyond all their calcula tions, yet never were rents higher or agriculture more prosperous. Within the last few years we have done some• thing towards being less dependent on the seasons D ra i n ing the land has rendered excessive wet during the growth of the crops much less injurious. On the strong clay lands, capable of growing such ex cellent wheat, the difference in a year like this, distinguished by a cold and wet summer, is very conspicuous, both in the quantity and the earlier maturity. Our great London agriculturist, Alder man MECHI, can testify to the truth of this ; and the more extensively and thoroughly the wet lands are drained, the more shall we be saved from the injurious effects of wet, from the time of seed-sowiag to that of harvest. But we have also expedited the cutting of our corn. The reaping-machine will do the work of 20 men, and even where that is not yet used the scythe has largely supplanted the reaping hook and the sickle. One thing, indeed, we yet want in a climate like ours—perhaps it is a natural impossibility—the means to render ourselves secure against wet in harvest. We read already of several places in which the wheat had even begun to sprout, and though modern winnowing machines easily get rid of the sprouted kernels which used to give us a soft loaf, yet the grain which has become wet and discoloured has sustained irretrievable injury to its quality. It seems beyond human skill to cut and dry wet ripe corn in the straw, though after what this generation has seen, who would venture to prophesy; but between the tent manufacturer and the field labourer it does not seem impossible to place a large field, pretty cheaply, in a position to dry safely and It leisure, be the weather what it might. It will be worth the thought of manufacturers when textile materials shall again become cheap. But do we get the full benefit of our harvests when we have secured them, or of the corn which we import from abroad. Mr. TREMAN HEM'S report raises this question in a very prac tical form. Is our bread what it ought to be when we have got our ordinary flour, and is the flour we do get from our wheat all that we ought to get from it ? That report ought certainly to be widely circulated, in London especially. Called forth originally by an inquiry on behalf of the cruelly over-worked men who make our bread, it led to fresh disclosures of, what was partly known and partly suspected before, the intolerable and dis gusting filth connected with a great part of the bread-making of the metropolis. Perhaps the man who has no alternative in regard to the purchase of his bread, had better not pry into the mysteries of its underground manufacture. He had better ask no questions, unless he can act in accordance with the answers he obtains. Of adulteration, in other senses, he is perhaps fully aware. He makes up his mind to take his chances of alum, because he must have his bread white, although it is chemi cally and physiologically certain that the excessive whiteness is purchased by the sacrifice of nutriment. As to bone dust, and so forth—well, as we all have bones, phosphate of lime we must have from somewhere—it won't make much difference if the miller, or the flour factor, does add a little to that which the farmer puts into the soil, and so gives us it indirectly. But there does seem the strongest reason to be lieve that in two ways wo waste a large part of our harvest after we have got it. Experiments, con ducted by the order of the Emperor of FRANCE, appear to have proved satisfactorily, that by the ordinary method of grinding the wheat we lose, with the bran, a part of the kernel termed eerealine, which is of the most highly nutritious quality ; and a mechanical mode of dressing the wheat has been invented, which separates the silicious part of the skin of the kernel, leaving the cerealine beneath it uninjured. But this is not the only saving which may be effected. The saving of nutriment by Dr. DAIIGLISH'S device of aerating bread, ,and rendering it light without the use of yeast, is pro bably equally important, if not more so. The public have long heard of the aerated bread, and can easily understand its main principle. The light ness caused by yeast, baking-powders, &c., is pro duced by the disengagement of carbonic acid gas, chiefly, in the bread. Yeast produces it by the par tial destruction of the flour in the process of fer mentation, and this destruction is the waste to be prevented. In the new process, the carbonic acid gas is manufactured by itself in the same way as for what is commonly called soda water. It is then, by an ingenious process, forced into the bread with the water in the pro cess of working the bread. The whole is effected by machinery. The bread is kneaded by machinery, and afterwards cut and handled by implements, so as not to be worked by the imme diate contact of the human hand, till it emerges a perfect loaf from the oven. It is computed that the saving by thew two processes, at ordinary prices, would not be to the nation less than £8,000,000 per annum. Inventors and discoverers are of course liable to overrate the value of their inventions, but we think the basis of the calculation thoroughly sound. The universal adoption of the two processes would probably equal an importation of wheat of that value. It seems wonderful that so few families, the sus picion of uncleanliness and adulteration of bread being so general, do not bake their own bread. In some towns, even, of England, it is still very com mon. Fifteen or twenty ago, a regular bread baker di d not, we believe, exist in Bradford, the great ea house.ea to bake of th e wors t e d t ra d e . Every cottage was fitted with an i ron oven i n th e s t o ve, and of course oafk Every f e am a loaf. i childlyba baking in g And still, h of i , t mh believe,tor everyNo North, t h fourteen , in the better practice most common. Families used to good home-made bread dislike bakers' bread as unsatisfying, as well as prefer the taste of their own manufacture. After keeping, indeed, but a short time, the difference of the smell and taste of the two kinds is perceptible enough, and the unpleasant effect of the usual adulterations is easily recognised. The subject is one of national importance. Every family has an interest in it. And, practically, it would be well for us to give a portion of that soli citude we feel respecting the harvest to securing also a loaf w*rthy of a good harvest. ADELPRI THEATRE. A.DRTENNE LE COUVREUR." An adaptation, in four acts, of this romantic drama was produced last evening, in order to afford Miss Avonia Jones another opportunity of testing her claims to public favour. We regret we are compelled to say we think the selection was in judicious. The drama is one of real life, to which this lady, of undoubted genius, is not at all adapted, and possesses but two positions, so entirely infused by passion as to enable her to rise to the true level of her power—the close of the third act, in which she points her impas sioned recitation from Racine at the cruel treachery of her rival—and the close of the play, at which she dies, through that same rival's means, by poison. In the purely real scenes of this drama Miss Jones wanted ease and naturalness. She evidently laboured under the constraint of the petty tram- mels they imposed on her; and her entire action and expression were an nnc mseious but false endea vour to endow them with the significance of the scenes of passion she is at home in. Their effect therefore was necessarily artificial and untrue. It was the actress in sitaations which simply re quired the feeling of the woman. It was only when she entered on the great scenes, and became in spired by their adequate feeling that she renewed all her previous impressions, and substantiated her claims. The denunciation of her rival was a burst of fury worthy of Rachel, and the entire picture of her death one of the most terrible, and yet affecting, that we have ever witnessed on our stage. The impression was, accordingly a very great success, which led to her being summoned before the curtain very warmly at the close. We cannot restrain, however, the hope which we have more than once expressed to see this lady in a field which would give adequate scope to her power, either in Shakespeare, Knowles, or Milman. Her Lady Macbeth or her Bianca, we feel assured, would be performances that would place her claims in their true light. Miss Jones was very well supported by Mrs. Billington on this occasion in the thankless character of the rival ; by Mr. Fisher as the fashionable Abbe, and more especially by Mr. Toole, in the poor Prompter Michonnet, whose secret pas • sion for Adrienne expressing itself in every form of generous service and devotion, this admirable . actor conveyed in a manner which showed how , various is the power he possesses, and how superior , to that demanded by the ordinary characters he appears, in. The house was well attended. The Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland, who en leaving - Vichy proceeded on a tour in Germany, has arrived at Stafford House, St. James's, from the Continent, her return home being hastened by the serious illness of Vis count Belgrave. The Marchioness (Dowager) of Lothian and Lady Alice Kerr left town a few days ago for Paris, with the intention of passing a few weeks in the capital. The Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster and Lady Theodora Grosvenor returned last week from Paris, and have since been staying with the Earl and Countess of Macclesfield, at Sherborne Castle, Oxon. The Marquis and Marchioness of Bath, and infant son and heir have left their temporary residence, in Stable-yard, St. James's for Longleat, Wilts, for the ATES NEWS. PARIS, Auc-. 26, The appeal of Vessel, Miot, and others against the judgment pronoubced .against them by the Tribunal of Correctional Police for conspiracy against the Government, was heard yesterday. The Court of Appeal confirmed the sentence of all the accused, except Adine and Bray, who were acquitted. COPENHAGEN, AUG. 25. The English Baltic squadron arrived off here to day, and anchored in the roads. TURIN, AUG.. 25. The report that the King was about to visit Naples is incorrect. Tho National Guard of Catania has refused to yield to the Garibahlians the custody of the prisons. The official Gazette of to-day says :-- " News received from Palermo and other towns, except Catania, states that the authority of the Government has been everywhere maintained, and that perfect tranquillity prevails. " The latest despatches contradict the alarming statements invented by several journals. " The Extraordinary Commissioner telegraphs that agitators have adopted a system of propagating disquieting intelligence. " Reassuring news has been received from all quarters. " The day before yesterday Menotti Garibaldi odyaueed tuvv ui do Meeoiuo. Ho encountered tho royal troops upon his march, and was compelled to return to Catania. " With a view of intimidating the population of Catania, Garibaldi has published the false news hat the prefect and people of Palermo had joined the movement; that Palermo was free, and in the hands of the National Guard ; and that he (Gari baldi) had full liberty of action. " Yesterday a rumour was circulated at Acireale that Garibaldi had taken forcible possession of two steamers in the port of Catania, but the news has not yet been confirmed." EVENING. The Discussione of this evening contains a tele gram from Messina stating that Garibaldi, having left Catania in the night, had embarked on board an English ship, accompanied by a few of his staff. He is believed to have landed at Calabria. PARIS, AUG. 25. La France of this evening states that arrange ments have been made for sending reinforcements to Rome should circumstances require it. The same journal announces that Marshals Randon and M.Mahon will remain with the Em peror until Wednesday. La France also states that the rumour that Garibaldi had telegraphed to Turin that he would negotiate with the King personally, requires con firmation. CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 24. It is stated that the Montenegrins, in spite of their acceptance of Omar Pasha's conditions, have hung 100 Turkish prisoners. I ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA. COMMENCEMENT OF THE SEASON. Last evening our National Opera re-opened for its seventh season, and with an amount of success which we trust prognosticates the fortunes of the year. Its noble theatre was entirely filled almost at the opening of the doors, and the demonstrations of the audience speedily attested that they were not more numerous than they were in every way appreciative. We presume there cAn be no occasion now to enlarge on the merits of an undertaking which six seasons of expanding strength have served to stamp with so much distinction. There can be little need to remind our readers how that great desideratum of a London public—a native English Opera —so often attempted and so often sacrificed—from its initiation by Mr. Arnold, who built a theatre to that end, to the last efforts of Mr. Bunn, whose only merit as a manager was his desire to see that end secured—was destined to be accom- plished at the hands of Miss Pyne and Mr. Harri son. If more than forty years ago there was suffi cient musical taste in England to demand that our metropolis should be placed on a level with foreign capitals by being able to boast of a theatre, where native art—creative and executant —could vindicate the genius of the country, and possess an arena, that would as much serve to em ploy and develop the artist as to delight and refine his patrons—a hundred fold had grown the neces sity when some eight or nine years since every one observed the wonderful advance which musical taste had made in the interim. The rise in London alone of at least some twenty musical societies — vocal and instrumental—the marked improvement in our choral power—more especially in Oratorio— the higher character of our executants generally— both metropolitan and provincial—and combined with these, the indisputable evidence of the creative power amongst us, as shown in the various supe. rior compositions that came from time to time be• fore the public, all tended to supply the proof—that if the absence of a national opera was a great pri vation formerly, it was nct only a privation then but also an absolute disgrace. A country in which avowedly, the love and knowledge of musio had spread more rapidly and generally than on any other soil in Europe, to be without a lyric theatre which could give the most distinctive expression of its power—was undoubtedly a pheno menon that was as little creditable to its spirit as it was in accordance with its resources. Neverthe less, there was a great reluctance to remove such a discredit, and we are bound to say that this reluc tance was not without its justification. A theatri cal experiment, however promising, is of all adven tures the greatest risk, and the most certain, in the event of failure, to involve its projectors in insol vency. Whatever the skill and whatever the energy brought to bear on it—in addition to means —there are a thousand unforeseen vicissitudes—of climate, period, and public taste, which may arise to enfeeble or overthrow the wisest scheme that can be adopted. As this is a fact sufficiently patent, we cannot wonder that people should feel, however they may love art, that they are bound also to think of character, and not admit that they must become martyrs, simply because they are musicians. It was with a full knowledge of this risk that Miss Pyne and Mr. Harrison resolved to meet what must be considered as a national want—in a native opera; and their claims on public favour are not to be duly estimated unless the courage and fervour of such a step are adequately valued. Of the superior skill and untiring vigour with which they have carried out their aim, and the entire faith they have kept with the public in the fulfilment of its leading pledges, the record of their management is a sufficient attestation. They have opened a home and an arena to native composers and executants, which have not only exercised but strengthened them; and they have added works of enduring merit to the stores of our lyric drama. But far their experiment it is un questionable that the public would never have en joyed the manifest lyric power that is among us ; and that not only would our established composers, such as Wallace, Balfe, and Benedict, have been compelled to suspend their labours, but our young ones, such as Glover and Macfarren, would never have written at all. Their experiment is, therefore, one that concerns not only the present but the future. As it. has grown it will continue to grow ; strengthening yearly, we believe, both in the power it will develop and the sympathy and taste it will attract. The character of the past is a sufficient assurance of the years to come, and proof we think sufficient that what has been so well expanded for six years has at last reached a strength that must render it enduring. A national English opera is now an accomplished fact, and we can pronounce no higher eulogy on Miss Pyne and Mr. Harrison than that we owe it to their hands. The present season, we may remark, lays claim to two distinctions. First, its increased leng th, in order to provide, at moderate prices, a great enjoyment to our country visitors. Next, its superior executant force, which makes its company the most powerful that has yet been assembled by this management. We have, first, Miss Louisa Pyne, the chief of English female singers; we have Miss Parepa4 an admirable second, and of a wholly different school ; and we have Madame Laura Baxter, who is our best English contralto. We have Mr. Harrison, without exception our first dramatic tenor we have Mr. Santley, our noblest baritone; and we have Mr. Weiss, our finest bass. When we add to these Mr. John Rouse, as the buffo, equally good as comedian and singer; the versatile Mr. Corsi, and half a dozen other good voices—such as M. Dussek's, Mr. Patey's, and Mr. Lyall's—we fancy we have instanced talent which of itself ought to decide the fortunes of the season. It com menced very appropriately with its last and great success, Mr. Benedict's "Lily of Killarney," which was given with all the freshness and force of its first performance. Miss Pyne delivered her ballads with all that melodiousness, taste, and feel ing which place her claims beyond all rivalry. Mr. Harrison sang and acted the Irishman with a humour and a truth which demonstrated again the singular range of his ability ; whilst Mr. Santley declaimed his scena, in reference to the death of Eily, with a vigour and impressiveness which even surpassed its first delivery. The only novelties in the cast were those of Miss nisi wall in Anne Chute, and Mr. George Perren in Hardress Cregan—in lieu of Mr. Haigh—the latter of whom made a favour able impression, especially in his singing of the " Eily Mavourneen," which won a well-de served encore. We must not forget the admirable band under Mr. Mellon, which is quite as destine tive of this management as is Mr. Costa's of the Italian Opera, and which never displayed its claims to admiration more entirely than on this occasion. This evening is given the " Rose of Castillo," in order to afford a first appearance to Mr. John Rouse, and also to Mr. Weiss, after an absence of some seasons. season. The Earl and Lady Constance Grosvenor have been detained at Calverley Park, Cheshire, by the very serious illness of their son Viscount Belgrave, who for several days was in a critical state fromfever. Yesterday and the previous day the accounts received by telegraph were more encouraging, that of yesterday pronouncing him out of danger. The Countess of Dunmore and daughter have left Carlton-house-terrace for the family seat in Scotland. Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston, who came to town last evening from Weimer Castle, will leave Cam bridge House to-morrow for Melbourne, her ladship's old family seat in Derbyshire. Lord and Lady Carington, and the Hon. Miss Carington, are making the tour of the German Spas, and are not expected home before the latter end of next month. Lord Richard Grosvenor, XP., and the Hon. James Stuart Wortley (brother to Lord Wharncliffe) took their departure on Saturday for a tour in 1 urkey. They are likely to be absent abroad for several months. CRYSTAL PALACE.—A great gathering of the German Gymnastic Associations will be held at the Crystal Palace to-morrow afternoon. More than 200 members will take part in the athletic exercises appointed to take place in the Balloon Ground, which will be appropriately decorated ; commencing at three o'clock precisely. The Poultry Show will also be _continued this day and to morrow. REPRESENTATON OF STOKE-UPON-TRENT.—Late on Saturday it was ascertained that the Hon. Mr. Gower had declined the invitation forwarded to him, in conse quence of which a meeting of the Liberal committee is to be held at Hanley this day (Monday), to determine what steps should be taken. Mr. Sergeant Shee's name has been favourably received, and that learned gentleman arrived in this town on Saturday evening, prepared to place himself at the disposal of the Liberal electors of Stoke, where, we understand, he will be this day. Mr. Smith Child, to whom the Conservative party applied, has declined to tecome a candidate.—Birminerhant Daily Post. ALLEGED A DMISSION OF A PLAGUE SHIP INTO LONDON.—EXTRAORDINARY STORY. --The following story is current in the neighbourhood of Plaistow and the Vic toria Docks, and has caused considerable excitement, not to say consternation. It is said that a screw steamer, having on board 90 bales of cotton and some crew and passengers, ran the blockade of the American southern ports, and so far as the ship was concerned,succeeded in reaching Gravesend in safety. At this place, though it must have been well known that yellow fever was raging in the ship, it was not detained, but permitted to come up the river and take its moorings in the Victoria Docks, with some of its crew or passengers 13ing dead, and the fever at its height. This appears to have come to the knowledge of some person in authority, for the vessel was speedily ejected from the dock basin, and where it has taken up its location is a mystery. To give some colour to this feasible and easily invented tale, it is added that two men, well known in Plaistow es get!ing their living boarding newly arrived ships—one for work and the other for the seamen's washing—went on board this alleged plague eship, and have not been allowed to come on shore again. If these facts be as stated, and no secret is made of the matter, great blame must rest somewhere, as a vessel of this kind should most certainly not have been permitted to go into a dock situated in a district densely populated by people who obtain their livelihood from the shipping, &c. ; and supposing that the man who went on board the steamer for the washing had brought the clothes on shore and delivered them to the washer woman, who can tell what amount of contamination might have resulted. THE BANK OF ENGLAND NOTE FORGERIES.—A circumstance has just transpired at Brighton, which it is hoped will lead to the detection and apprehension of some of the parties concerned in the recent forgeries of Bank of England notes. Yesterday Mr. White, chief officer of police, obtained a warrant for the apprehension of a man who has given his name as John Lee, and who on Thurs day last was committed by the Lewes magistrates to seven days' imprisonment for drunken and disorderly conduct. Mr. White has pretty clear evidence that this person has been instrumental in passing three forged £5 Bank of England notes on different tradesmen in Brighton, and under very suspicious circumstances. One of the notes was passed at the shop of Mr. Corder, linendrner, North-street ; and the assistant who took it went and saw Lee in gaol on Satur day, and says he should have no hesitation in swearing to his identity. Yesterday another of Mr. Corder's assistants went to Lewes and saw him, but could not positively iden- t ify the man, as he had been allowed to shave off his beard since Saturday. The second note was passed at Mr. Walton's, jeweller, King's-road ; and Mr. Walton has also seen Lee, but could not swear to his being the person who passed the note at his shop, although he has not much doubt about it, The third note was passed at Mr. Steven's, shoemaker, Western-road. One v er y sus p i cious circumstance is that the endorsement on two of the notes is unquestionably in the same handwriting, although different names and ad dresses were given. One is signed " Fredk. Lardner, 14, King's .road, Chelsea," and the other " Charles Harvey, 14, Cumberland -place, Brompton." The indorsement on the third note was written by one of the shop attendants at the dictation of the person offering it, as " C. Fowler, King's terrace, Brompton.. " There are several other signatures on DESTRUCTIVE FIRE AT NEW-CROSS (Tnis DAY). the notes, but a careful comparison shows them to have —About hr if-past 2 o'clock this morning the railway car • been written by some two cr three persons, as distinct riage works at New-cross took fire. The premises are be- traces of the same handwriting may be seen on each of tween 270 and 300 feet in length, and from 50 to 80 feet i them. Two of the notes boar the same number, viz., wide, and consist of three floors, which were filled with 91,103 ; the other is 83,165. Lee, es ho we believe is a young carriages, some fin'shc-,cl, and others in various steges of man of about 26 years, a d of gentlemanly air. carance, manufacture. Capt. Shaw, with two steam land engines, will be brought up before the magistrates on Wednesday, and numerous other engi ne s, was soon on the spot, but the his term of imprisonment expiring on the morning of that steam engines threw so much water on the fire that very day. little could be got for the hand engines, and they were HORRIBLE MUTILATION OF A FEMALE BY A therefore of little service. The firo continued to rage until FereNonetele.—The police have received information of a about 6 o'clock, when the firemen had so far mastered it as i f r ightful case of mutilation by a young Frenchman on the to allow of the brigade b e ing withdrawn, but some men person of an unfortunate female, named Rosa Stanley, in we re left to throw water from the standpipes on the sinoul - one of the infamous b ro thels near London-bridge, by c u tti ng dering ruins. Tho loss must amount to some thousands, her thighs and the lower part of her body with some short o u 7 h e° , 1 beard,Binch inches and high, hair having daric. a l ie dark via com plexion, dressed as most of the carriages and also machinery are destroyed• instrument, suppose d t o be a stiletto sharpen e d on b o th Richard Burke, who was convicted at the last sides. Th e m i screant i s d e scribed as -being a b ou t 35 years Cl onme l assizes for having poisoned his wife by thoande- o w f it a h ge m , 5 feet moustache, p es le s x ed ion in , m i n i s t r ation of strychnine, was executed yesterday. ~c culprit appeared to be very contrite, but he made no public very dark or black clothes. The unfortunate woman lies in confession of his guilt. He died with great firmness. a most precarious condition, and we are sorry to learn that There was an immense crowd of spectators, and a regiment up to the present time the police have not obtained any clue of hussars and a large body of constabulary were present , to the diabolical wretch who perpetrated the offence, FRANCE. BOURSE, Aug. 25.—The note in the /1/oniteur has tended to allay in some measure the uneasiness which has existed in the minds of many specula tors, and, added to the arrival of the English funds with an improvement of -1, has given some little buoyancy to the market. Threes, for the Ac count, are now at 68fr. 80c. Railway Shares have been alsu firmer. Tde marliet clused as fulluws:— 4t per Cents. 9B Do. end month 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 80 New 3 per Cents Do. end month — Credit Mobilier 843 75 Do. end month B5O Bank Shares 3192 60 Credit k oncier ....1210 Piedmontes( Fives 7O 10 Italian Loan 7O 25 Roman — Austrian SpaniAl Threes 5l Home Debt RA IL' 'AYS. Cash. Account. Orleans lO2O .. 1017 50 Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1102 50 .. 1103 75 Geneva.. Southern B3l 25 .. 830 Western ` Eastern .... Sardinian Austrian Lou'bard . 605 .. 605 GARIBALDI. The Italian papers publish the text of Garibaldi's appeal to the Hungarians, and the reply of General Klapka. Garibaldi's appeal is as follows : " Hungarians l—What is Hungary about ? Is that noble nation, which already the victorious Turk has seen rise suddenly armed in the defence of the civilisation of Eur,pe —that nation before which the proud Emperors of Haps burg have bent as supplicants, asking aid and mercy—is it gone to sleep for ever ? " Brothers of Hungary I Revolution is on your threshold. Sharpen your glance, and you will see the flag of liberty floating on the towers of Belgrade. Listen attentively, and you will hear the rattle of Servian rifles, who, up and armed in defence of their rights, aro fighting against the abhorred system. "And you,—What are you about ? You, a strong people, who have not had the misfortune, which Italy once suffered, of being divided between seven tyrants—you, a people of warriors, what are you waiting for ? Have you broken your swords ? Have you forgotten your martyrs, renounced your vows of vengence, or do you rely in the perfidious promises of your oppressors? Do you put faith in those who advise you to accept the insidious offers of Austria, who seems inclined now to grant you your rights, but who is already preparing to betray you, and to take from you by force or fraud what she reluctantly gives you ? Can you trust in the good faith and honesty of a Government which is a robber and a traitor, which, after the disaster of Vilagos, despoiled a whole nation of its riches ? Or do you hearken to those who, less imprudent, but equally culpable, flatter you with the mad hope of accomplishing your enfranchisement by legal expedients, henceforth shown insufficient to redeem a people, or, what is worse still, who exhort you to await foreign help ? " You also are oppressed under a ferocious despotism; you also have Austria like a rock on your chest stopping your breath, Austria whose empire you have saved more than once, Austria who as a reward for having lent her many a time the bulwark of your powerful breasts, has violated your laws, annihilated your statutes, attempted to abolish your language, exiled your best citizens, and erected gallows in your cities. Do you despair of your own strength and valour ? Do not forget that in 1848 you had only to push on your triumphal road to Vienna to destroy for ever the old sanguinary throne of the Hapsburgs. " Ihe present moment is more propitious ; Russia will not now offer a helping hand to Austria to thwart your efforts; she has been paid with too much ingratitude; and Prussia, the ancient rival of the Empire, will not defend her against your attacks. " Woo to Hungary I Woe to every oppressed people if you obey fallacious and cowardly counsels, if you think any other pact between you and A 'lstria possible except hatred and war I Oh, brothers I do not miss this propitious op portunity. The Servians are fighting for liberty; for the emancipation of a whole race which has been oppressed and outraged, " And you, also, you want liberty. You also, oppressed and outraged, you have the right—more than the right— the duty of reasserting the rank earned by your glorious deeds, your virtues, and the services which you have ren dered to civilisation. The Servians and Montenegrins are fighting against despotism. Courage I You have sufficient strength if you have suffi cient daring. Hearken not to those who counsel patience and an ignominious serviliry, tut listen to the voice of your conscience, which says, ' Up! follow the example of Servia and of Montenegro; imitate those who are ready to apply the torch of revolution on other points of Europe. " Italy, ho loves you as brothers, who has PI omised to repay you the price of bloo3, which your brave sons have shed for you on many battle-fields. Italy, grateful, and who honours and blesses the sacred memory of Tuckery, who died for her, calls upon you to share her new battles and her new victories over deep ; she invokes you, in the name of the holy fraternity of peoples, in the name of the welfare of all. wo uld you betray your brothers ? Will you ‘‘ S fa o i n l s to of jo AP join the rendezvous of nations when they meet to do bat le against despotism ? Certainly liberty aban doned by you would run great risks; but your fame would be lost for ever; the martyrs of Arad would curse you as degenerate sons. «Oh Z I kA O V 7 Y O lll 149 not doubt yogi 111111Za'Y, too ong deceived by perfidious fricrds, will awaken to the cry of liberty, which to-day reaches it across the Danube, and will to-morrow resound from Italy. And when the solemn hour of nations strikes, I shall, I am sure, meet your in vincible phalanxes on that field where a death-struggle will be fought between liberty and tyranny, between barbarism and civilisation. " Your sincere brother, " falermo, July 26, 1862." " G. GARIBALDI. The _ltalia publishes the following es the text of General Klapka's letter in reply to the appeal of Garibaldi : " General,—You have just addressed an appeal to arms Hungary. Your voice might have found an echo among ray countrymen if you had raised that war-cry at the head of your volunteers united to the Royal troops, to advance _ . by common agreement against the Hapsburg dynasty. It cannot now be responded to, for it is not the voice of Italy, but of a man who is working to destroy his own glory, and who compromises his name - and his fortune in the sad lances of civil war. " To rouse the Hungarians to insurrection you quote the example of the Servians, of the Gieeks, and of the Monte negrins. That example is, in fact, a lesson for Hungary ; but it tells her to wait for a more propitious moment, if she wishes to avoid the same mistakes and the same disasters. The Servians, the Greeks, and the Montenegrins have thought fit to respond to an appeal like that you have ad dressed to us. They were to be supported in their move ment ; I even believe that they expected you. What a fine occasion you have lost of continuing that task of liberator which you commenced with so much success I The fate of all those people, betrayed in their hopes, does not reconcile us to oppression, but bids us spare our strength for more favourable circumstances. This patriotic prudence does not please you, and you remind us of ur duty. This empowers us to remind you of yours. Have you not for gotten it, General, by separating yourself, as you have done, from the legal powers sanctioned by the Totes of the people, and by raising the standard of rebellion ? Stop—there is still time—in this lamentable course. Cease to work for Austria and for all European reactions by wishing to hasten too quickly the emancipation of Italy. Drive away from her all these menaces of civil war which alarm all honest citizens. Ycu owe this to your past career ; you owe it to your name ; you owe it to the hopes which you have engendered among nations who aro suffering, and which you cannot deceive without betraying yourself. " As regards Hungary, she intends to and she must act, and she has already shown what she can do. But to attempt this new effort, while listening to the voice of her friends, . _ she must first consult her own conscience. She would be happy, on the day of struggle, to lend her hand to Italy, united with her against Austria, May God will it that, when that day comes, you may resume the task which your lucky star seems to reserve to you in contemporary events. " Accept, General, the assurance of my devoted senti ments. " GEORGE KLA.PIi.A. " Turin, Aug. 23, 1862." POLAND. (FROM OIIR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) WARSAW, AUG. 17. The system of despotism end tyranny exercised is this country by Russia during the last 30 years begins to bring forth its fruit. Never before the annals of the Polish history has been sullied by the record of a crime upon the person of the Sovereign or any high dignitary, but the measure of patience and resignation seems to have exceeded its limits ; and it is with pain, but hardly with surprise, that I have to mention two successive attempts on the life of the Marquis Wielopolski, in addition to those made on General Lnders and the Grand Duke Con- stantine. The first was committed on the 7th inst., by a lithographic journeyman printer named Ryll, at the time when the Marquis was ascending the staircase in the large hall of the Finance Depart ment of the Council of State. The attempt of firing at the Marquis having failed, the assassin tried to make his escape through the yard, but was stopped by the Cossacks stationed there, and handed over to the police. On his way to the citadel ho began to vomit, and showed all the symp toms of having. taken poison before com mitting the sanguinary act. The second at tempt occurred on the 15th instant, in a most conspicuous place of Warsaw, and in presence of a numerous public, then congregated in the long alley of Ujazdors, a sort of Hyde-park carriage promenade. The name of the author of this crime is John Pizonca, from the same establishment as the first. He jumped on the step of the marquis's carriage, in which were his wife and his younger son, and endeavoured to stab the marquis, but was seized by the son and given up to the police. A large oorloouroc of people :surrounded the can Ingo, and with marks of sympathy, accompanied it to the marquis's official residence in the Bruhl Palace. Nothing can describe the indignation manifested by the public at these dastardly deeds, which can produce no good to the cause, and must necessarily , lead to the aggravation of the present already un bearable state of things. But however marked and universal is this feeling, it is impossible to shat one's eyes against the source from which it pro ceeds. Thirty years of unceasing persecution, of cruelties unheard of, and disregarded by Europe, and now the constant deception practised upon the people by promises of reforms and concessions which only exist on paper, and will never be car ried out ; promises made for Europe, that she may think how " good the Emperor is." All those things combined have produced a feeling of depair among the younger branch of the nation, who consi der the attempts described above as a national revenge, and its consequences as a kind of martyrdom. And, indeed, lamentable as is this idea, who can entirely, condemn it, arising as it does from the most unselfish motives.' The Emperor, and those who represent him here, are as guilty as the misguided youths themselves. Why not tell the Poles, here are your rights to which you are entitled P exercise them with pru dence and benefit to your country, and if they are abused their time will come for punishment. So far from this being the case, the Government has really granted nothing to pacify the people, and is more than ever bent in enacting fresh and still more tyrannical measures. When the Municipal Council of Warsaw, with their President Mr. Wojde, waited on the Mar quis to congratulate him on the narrow escape from danger; the Marquis, in thanking them for this attention, took occasion to inform them that Mr. Wojde will have to resign his place, and will be replaced in his functions by M. Segismond Wielopolski, the Marquis's son. Of course such an insult, offered to one of the worthiest citizens, so much respected and beloved, and that in re turn for an act of courtesy, produced a general discontent among the inhabitants, and several of the members of the Municipal Council, including the most popular of all, Count Andrew Zamoyskit sent in their resignations. It is clear that the dismissal of Mr. Wojde must be ascribed to his honest firmness in signing the report of the pri sons, which has made such a sensation in the whole of Europe, disclosing as it did, their horrible state, to the lasting shame and execration of the Russian Government. Poor Marquis, ill-tempered as he is, he begins to be a bad politician, and, in this instance, ho betrayed, to say the least of it, a want of tact. The trial of Taroszynski, who fired at the Grand Duke Constantine, took place on June 14 before a military court, presided over by a Russian Gene ro t andno thio, Gene ral. A very eminent barrister, Morr. him, • W wsk had been designated as a counsel f elaborate defence which he dr ew up nearly exone rated his client from the charge of ordinary murder, grounding himself on the provocation which the Russian Government incessantly furnishes to the Poles by its misgove rnment. This has induced the v au in th c o e t n i t tie G s riCobiclpersede Wrotnowski by Mr. i, an obscure lawyer, and without any personal merit . I ho pe to be able to furni sh some particulars of this trial when it is published. All former marks of national manifestations are being s hown. This is the anniversary of the union of Lithuania with Poland. The mourning svas changed into bright end gay colours, the churches were filled, and the religious services performed to the amazement of the police, who were taken by surprise, and did not do any damage beyond 1110 arrest of several persons. Another demonstration was made at the funeeel of the Abb e Ch adu b ski, a distingu i she d patriot, whorecently died at Warsaw. His remains were fol lowed to the cemetery by more than 10,000 people, who rushed through the gates outside the city, where no one can pass without a special written permission from the Chief of the Police. Fresh arrests have been effected, among alba° Mr. Szcsbert, two brothers Daerow eki, Taroslaw, and Theophilus, of whom the first is Captain and ' Quartermaster of the Russian army stationed in Warsaw. A woman has also been Pent to the CAA' lIIM ~•.. I r