The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1822-07-27 00:00:00

I There is mot an origioal mathematical fset of the rManPal valne in all his hook; and his barbarous style, and vile ar rangement, bare dune a great deal to übacure the melt of who 4 he has purloined. Idu nut inteart,for it would out be the proper platelet go 1.11/1 an, dela led remarks Wu his en. retry, hut every mathematician her lamthr.l at his droll proof of the doctrine of peial!el lines—at Its Jackie* se ratin—at Lk (allure in proving his very first proposition, the foundation of his system, and a thousaud other sashr Am I to bow to kim I,Prauce he is an Editi beech Reviewer ! I question the in-piratic'', of. that worthy (wattle. And as to the Professor's own part in it, why, his impudent pliffitigs of himself, and Ignorant Sioper Mg, at whets, have often matte me ►iken Leslie As Re sievetr to some enormous over fed pet of the parrot •peeres s much up at a garret window, and ocrepied all day with ray. ing, t Pretty Poll---Pretty Poll` to itself! trout witch—Foul witch,' to every p -by. Look sow, l beseech you, at his article on the North-west Passage!!! What other claims to respect he poem-sera I know not, camp, Lis having made some mat second-rate chemical experiment*, and invented some trimly little instruments; bob even if his claims were ten cm , . an weighty, they showld nut have (lettered me from ritt`"k.ng as I thought. A man who would co cut of his path on as inquiry on the mature of bent, to rscommeuil ac' i"lpSoiss work—and in a t►eatise on arlthotetie, lartset an lehurant smelts. us the language of the Hil.le , or to sneer et the foarses of one of the Apostles, most ever be an object of suspicion to there who hold the Scriptures in honour, and !"4 1 . 1 7 im del..olevion. We have nu assurance that he may not digress a. culpably hereafter; sod if he does so, it ta not, to give Lim warning that I shall take care to point teem." Whether the whole, or any part of the said word. are of sari concert Meg the PitrAsser, and falsely, taliciusgiy , and brinriona!y represent soil hold up the Pursuer to - public ri diestie and contempt, by representing him to be, or assert ing that he is Ms insolent elogntatiat, or that he has the ins. pimiento to exercise that of which I.e is ignorseit; or, that he terminated by hostility to the language of revelation, sim ply because it is the I ge of revelation ; or, as hieing ly icg, thithimest, or Juicing aith a bookseller to impose ulnae the public by dolumesty; or, as bowleg purloined from other %others, or As hasieg been guilty of a thisimmil hearer; or as reseinhling a parrot ; or, as an object of ciPpiciosi to theme nho . hold the Scriptures in honour arid impiety ill tiCreeliliclol; or, as going out of his way to recommend an impinges work; or, as hating cast an ignorant saccasm on the lesigerige of the Bible; or, as siseerimr at the fieriest of owe of the Apostles, to the injury and 4-image of the said runner ? It being also admitted, that the said 441i1i number of the said Magazine contains the follu•Ing woods, viz. " With reeler I have perceived that many of the young men who go from ibis country to Edinburgh, to muster their medical stadia, emote beck with their religions principles perverted, and their reverenee for holy things sneered sway. It would be very unjust to *reuse soy of this weighty charge, hut the fact is undeniable. I r• joice, therefore, alien ever it is in ray power, even in the most trivial degree, to shew,elit the lights or the ramose Tforthere Sort are nut infallible; that under affected knowledge, groin iesiorasica may lurk ; and that etmaiderable into ',raiser may some times be the characteristic feature of philosophical hirers. lity. I rejoice also, but much more sincerely, to learn that a better spirit is ariatug in your Ninon. Useiversity ; and in spite of its levity, its humour, its follies, nay, tiro its ironer esaions, I think your Mrgazine has been imitrumeu tat in this Bond noik. Whether the whole, or any part of the said words, are of end concerning the Pursuer; and falsely, rosl i ehaudy, s a d injorisrusly bold oat and represent the Pursuer as being one of the public teacher*, by whom young see, who come as students to the University of Miriam-2h, have their reli giose* principles perverted, and their rote for holy things sneered away, to the injury and demage of the said Pursuer Or " Whether the Pursuer held himself forth as the author of certain di its in regard to freezing or 'tidiest eon gelatioo, by means of evaporation ander en exhausted re ceiver, be, the Pursuer, knowing or being aware, that the elms or similar diseoverieu were previously pointed out, or described is a paper in the 87th volume of the Philosophical Transamious of the Royal Screirty of Loudon, entitled An Aoeomil atom, Experiments made with on Air-Tamp, oat Mr. lienetaton's principle; isseether oink tome experiments with a Common Air-Pump: Hy Edward Nuirce, t .8.8. r ^ It being admitted, that a book entitled the Philosophy if Arithmetic, seem published by the Purim r in the year 1810, stud is described is the title page as a second edition ism proved and enlarged, meaning thereby, that the said ;wok described se a second edition, was enlarged and improved in rompas Moo with the ens edition of the said book:— " Wheihrr the Paretic', with the bookseller, is bolding out to the public, the book Ant aforesaid, as a settand edi lien Wailed and improved, was guilty of a dishunest at tempt to impose upon the public? " Or whether the Pursuer did writeoteomposseerrtain a•tistes in d.iferent numbers of the Fdinharyk Recietr, [entracte (tuns which were yet forth is ssersi containing en. cuallunis on the dtscoverics and literary character of the Pursuer, and strictures on the dtaeurerita and li y metre of Count Ifitmford? " And whether abe Defender, in qtatinx that heath-Is liken. to theyuraner to a parrut, meant and intended w allude to, and characterise, tied did allude to end eh irseterize the Piresser, solely as the author of the said pass gee '" . Damages laid et 5.0001. The Jury having been swore, and the above issues read Ly the Clerk, Mr. Moaclesaer said he had the hensear to address the Jury on behalf of the Pioneer Mr. John Leehe. Professor of Natured Philosophy in this University-1 'tense of which be might be permitted I. ray, be hoped without repotting himself to the derision of the Defeader, that it was w eer pronounced is soy society of learned men, without exciting that respect whkh was always paid to the character of • great gelidity; be bad, however, attain.] to no small triturate by his diligeoce as a tutor, in which capacity •Il his istercst depended se his fidelity and attestiow. On the other hand,_ Mr. Blackwood, the Defender, wan P baokaeller of some consideration, but who was chiefly looms as the publisher of a Magezine which bore his frame. With the general character of that publication they had no more to do than as concemsed the tames in this cause. Those costaleed reflect Maui isijnrioes to 11w Purse... as well it , his character ea professor as in that of •n honest man. The passages in piestion not only arraigned the Pursuer in FM literary character, which must ever stand high in that part of the "meld wherever kis writings and his discoveries become known—they sot only charged the "NUMMI' with the grossest ignereatm el the subject upon which he wrote, sod of Lost i lit y to Mit (Arista. religion, bet, lastly, they accused bias in direct terms of correlating the pritscipies of the youth who came to receive his iastruclions. Ile should also im press oil their Mealtime, that it was not a solitary attack on the frolitege, the property, or the usefulness ut a public teacher, but a contiowed series of naultitarierus libels for which reparation was now sought. Who the author of ;hese writings arms lie did not know. The gentleman alio bad been supposed to be the author, bad tune forward, sod as every man of honour so caveat. staueed should have done, denied the rumour • and on lip. plyiag to Mr. Blackwood, be had positively reused to give up the author, alleging that he was wilirug to take all the retpoosibility for what he bad published. The Pursuer bad gives the Defendtr no join caller of provocation, and the only coaceivable mutt re for these attacks was a paltry feeling of jeslosay, occasioned by Die Pursuer having employe ed a rival bookseller to pithiest, his weeks, and by his having been, as the Magazine seemed to suppose, a large contributor to a rival publication. Some of the attacks, and eves some passages in the issues, might have been treated with contempt, had they stood alone; but when it was considered, that these were comeected with other passages, which imputed to the Former the charge. of dtabetsesty, impiety. and of being the corrupter of youth, it world be GM that, whether as •• iadt v.dual teacher, or as the member of a teniverday, the eu terests of which, sad of the mildews who resorted to it, weirs concerned in the character of its professors, it was alike his duty to submit this cam to the consideration of a Jury. He believed they world see that this was no trivial care, sad he trusted that, if they famed a verdict fur the Pursuer, they would award are* damages as the case de manded. The points of the issues might be divided into four classes. The first class related le the literary and scieatilk stisaraeler of the Pursuer, sad seensea lint of ignoranee and jor..ii,ssce, in cuing Oat of his way. to write upon a sub ject, the rudiments of which be did not understand ; the scroad charged bias with dishonesty as a man, sal with ail ,eleavornring in impose an the public ; the third coalsiatrd. l Ifidiciale of hie press. ; sad the fourth was an attempt tet ruin him as a !waren., and pot.lk teacher, by representing; him as an rsienty to oar holy religion, and as a corrupter tit the young men who attended his lectures. The passages is the first were published in lb. number of the Mura list for Fehroary, 1820, and they formed a collection of all the ewilijscos of attack, the sole pretence for which was • roma' remark wbkh the Professor had made as the charac ters of the Hebrew language. Among hi. ether studies, he had written a small book on the l'hilosophy Arillinetic— a beck which, though small, was one of great research, sail, ia he midst of Isis Oilier 11111.146, was highly crinlitahle tu him as an author. In a comparison of the Hebrew with the Greek and the Homan eurnetals, the Professor hail Intro. cloyed in Ion" a itote eunlainiog, by wa♦ of illustration, the follusiug account sit the mode of enunseratieg by t►e aticient Hebrew characters : " The Oriental nation■ appear generally te Sew napes. tented the numbers a• far as one thalami( by dividing their alphabet into three sßatiuel classes; Oa the Hebrew, the oldest and poorest of all written languages, baring oaly twenty.iwo ',Awry, could advaoce no farther than 400; ped to exhibit 500, 600, 700 , 800, atid 900, it had recourse ter br 'ad IV the clumsy expedient of addition, by joining 400 - . 100, and 400 and 200, 400 and 300, 400 and 400, and 400 with 400 and I00."—( Philosophy if Arithmetic, p. 219.) It was material that he should state, that Mr. Italie here referred to the ancient Hebrew language, which was very plain, from a subsequent passage in p. 42 of the same work. The ancient Hebrew, referred to by Mr. Leslie, undoubb• telly assist the character in use by the Samaritans—that i• which, arconlinz to the beat optimism", the books of Moses were originally written ; and it was obvious, that if Ibis libeller bad any waning be also refereed to the ancient Hebrew, because he represents Mr, Leslie as defaming the lenguageof the Old Testament. But there was sot iet all Mr. Leslie's strictures ani the Hebrew alphabet, • siogle saes slon to the Hebrew language as that of the Ohl Trsta. ment, or to the religion of the Old Tests.ent. The corn. meut which be bad read was a fair philological or arithmeti cal allusion, and as regarded the media of this riestion, it did not signify one pin whether Mr. Leslie was right or wrong iu his remark, except as it regarded his character as a Professor. Now, referring to the terms of the first issues, beginning at " Leslie crisis Hebrew," be would ask if there was not in all this a most wilful misrepresentation, atet only of opinion but abet of Nei? There wall ouch s connexion between the whole of the issues, that he should have repeatedly to recur to the first, the meaning of which indeed could not be fully appreciated until they had considered those *bids follow; in the meanwhile he should go on to the belt passage, in which the ob. jert of the imputation would be immediately seen. The Pursuer was, in fact, accused of making the remark just quoted, for the purpose of ridiculing the Hebrew lain (nage, hems..e it is the language of the Old Test/meet, mud as being t• the language, as • philosopher like Mr. Hume, or a portlier§ of Mr. flumes, would soy, dedicated to superstitiou," and therefore " to be attacked by thole tolerant sect per fits et tae fu." But the writer did* stop bete: lie even weal on to say, that " is doing so, des details of the siege ought mot to be intrusted Ina blearier ing grinner or a reek volunteer; and," he added, tt I must consider the Professor as a most usfuetunate, though perhaps most courageous sittings perdu, after this specimen alas skill, Oatmeal' he may be enlightened enough in other respects, to be eutoled to sneer at the credulity of Luther, the dreams of the Christian Whets, and the fancies of St. Jobs." He would presently shew, that this about the " fancies of St. Joint was • false insinuation. He had al. ready said that the issues ram we nitre another, so that they could Dot do justice to this first ionic, until they bad con sidered the whole. He must now go back to the bed pa•- MO which he I ad quoted. He bad tbierespoe asserted, shed it did nut signify whether Mr. Leslie's comment on the He brew alphabet was wrong or right : it was a part of his sub jeet on which he was witted to aliver his opinion. But be should prove that the pursuer's statement was right. It was • fact well known, that the ancient Hebrew alphabet con sisted but of tweaty.two letters, though this writer says it had live final letters besides. lie should shew that the Punuer was right on three dished grounds. The learned were generally of opinion that the "nand Hebrew character, which was the same as was used by the Samaritans, contained but 22 letters, without any addt. tional final marks. He had the authority of Dr. Wilson, of St. Andrew's, who stated in the first page of his grammar, An there were but twenty-two letters in the language of the ancient Hebrew., who used the Ssmarilsa character. The English Bishop Beveridge also stated, that the societal Hebrew bad but twenty.two letters, wasting the anal letters. Father Simms, who wrote in 1083, was very decided that the ancient Hebrew character was the Samaritan. This opinion was confirmed by a circumstance which was dears ibed is the Aral book of Kings. After the dispersion of the Jews, the Tea tribes appointed scribes to instruct renal. Hebrews In the law of Moses, and in their possession were found the are books of Moses,•written in the anelent Hebrew, sow called the Samaritan. It was necessary to explain that these books had been afterwards transcribed into the Chaldaic, which was then properly diating•isbed as the modern He brew, and the Samaritan as the ancient Hebrew. The latter, as far as he could find, never had the five field letters at alt. The manner in which the letters were set down in the of Bishap Beveridge Identically agreed with the 'tattooist of Professor Leslie. In the grammar of Joseph Frey. the alphabet contained but 21 letters, sad the numerals were ' espresied as Mr. Leslie stated them. But that was not all; even the Chaldaic language, into which the Scriptures were translated, had only twenty-two letters origieally, five of which were subsequently written in • varied fur., to de mote that they were final letters; then, having these Ave sew forms of lettere, there was no occasion to have renters" to the " clumsy ersedieirt" described by Professor Leslie. the date of tilt introduction of these final letters, he did not toow ; it could sot, however, be presumed to bave been prior to the Babylonia% captivity. It was only 250 years before Christ that the Septuagint translated the Scriptotes into Greek, and the translators are said to have fallen into a mistake In the book of Zsebariab, for want of the final cha racters. He should, however, calamine some Hebrew scholars on thee subject; and be had the satisfaction of thinking, that if he had committed any mistake, be should most probahly be corrected. He thought, at least, be had stated enough to shew, that if this libeller had not written in gross ignorance of his sniTer, if he had not writ• ten Without ever having looked at the title-page of a Hebrew grammar, he must have knows that whet he was denim of Mr. Leslie was false. Whet fault could be sonlanted to th•• statement of Mr. Leslie? Was Mr. I.eslie to be charged with ridiculing the Scripture.; ' because he enuld not say of the language In which the Old 'Vestments was written, what was not true? He would have bees accessed of not having studied the Scriptures, bad he omitted that comment; se this libeller would have said, that he had omitted all notice of the subject, fur the purpose of degrading the Hebrew language. Mr. Leslie had only said, that the Hebrew was the pottiest and rudest language, is so far as it had only twenty-two letters—tbat in fart it was merely the poorest and rudest language fur that particular purpose with which they had here to do, viz. arithmetic. This was sees by referring to some other passages in Mr. Leslie's work, particularly where be stated, t h at the langeages of the moil pulisbed nations, when compared with the methods of counting in use by the most barbarous people, betrayed the greatest poverty in numerals. He animadverted on the Bomas numerals in- the sane terms, and in comparison with them, extolled the nureeriral signs of On Greeks. Was it true, then, as the libeller had stated, that Professor Leslie had censured the Hebrew system of counting from apiece, Notwithatanding the Borns.' method of notation was still more clumsy? In applyingthe language of this issue, it was still .ore nn enemy to connect it with the language of the 3d None, where the writer said, that in treating on arithmetic that "celebrated" man thought paper to go out of his way to revile the Hebrew language. " I asserted that he did not know • letter of the tongue he had the impudence to pretend to criticise, and 1 priced my amettion"—and ' 1 proved that he was actuated by • hostility to the language of revelation, simply because it waste; sell l4efy any use to refute me." — Was Ws, he audit ask, a fair inference, that Professo r Leslie" was, battik to the Hebrew language, because, it was the language of Scripture; while he woe at 14 some time rebelling that tareeenge, Ile Greek,. he. eVeh the most importst part of Scrips,* wee silks •. Still he. ginieng withrhe some cearge—listrodets Zif Hebrew, the writer he the 21 issue metered *pee 11 sew wi l litett o'l%l leg •i stet same time close contact with the old owe. he licensed the Purseeeof a wilful 'imposilitte i sod "Wes sours by dint of his own little tales to depiive'bim of that just celebrity *loch helad eeriest. Mr. Leslie had 'mit ten a treatise on the these of heat, .rid was soon after elect ed to the mathematical chair which bad bets filled by • Re binsie earl by • PlBOllB.. He was elm elected• Member edam of Paris, which only admitted shoal Are 'Wagger* ; end though be had to compete with five or six rival candi date a, he wax elected by majority of 33 est of 37. Yet the writer of these libels,iestigeted by jealoosy, or some violent I impulse or either,-cliesenbed this Professar es having imposed or the world, by represestieg himself as the anther of dimes series previously recorded its the Trensaclions of the PAlrsaopittrat docie/p. It mm impossible; the charge l itself eres'elswird. The Philosophical Troneeefione were as fenedier to Ike learned as the tamsesals of /Surfed to the matheeeniciags. Bet he should state es accurately as he could what were the facts. To describe inventions in a seien- Aifie maser he was not able ; mad if he tout.), perhaps some if them world nut he able to nederstead hits ; bet be would be as plain end as correct as he could : if, however, he coo. waffled say errors he requested that they would correct them by the evidence —olr. Monereiff bete described Mr. Leslie's improvement on the hygronieter : and explained the peoliar combUstion of knoott priseiples In his experiment wf segeletion iw iscuo.)—All idea of plagiarism was de stroyed by the feel, that Mr. Leslie's first experiment pro diced a directly opposite effect from whet he had expected : instead of givieg back the moisture from evaporates, it corgraltd. 111 r. Leslie immediately corresponded ew the subject with tee principal leareed men in Loudon egg ow the La Piss, the greatest natural philosopher of the times; mid the ezperi. west was received all over Europe with applause, and by America in a very short time after. le England it did not succeed so soon aon he Coulters!, because the senses ' there were not so attentive to Mr Leslie's directions. Yet, ten years aftersusle, • person started ap and accused Mr. Leslie of a monstrous plagiarises, sad of apprupriating to biesself the iiistention of others. Every discovery andel be nothing else than the application of some principles is as. tare Integra before, to a particular purpose. Stub *es the Newtonian law of vegetation. Was this no diseovery, became* every one knew before that • steel dropped from the clouds would fall to the sewed. It was said after the discovery of America, that say es might base been sure, from first principles, that there was • coetioent is the west; and as it might perbaps be said with respect to Mr. Leslie's expert- . Sent ; bat, in fact, was it previously writers in the paper of Mr. Noire', or had Mr. Blackwood made the discovery. He came now to she tbird issue, the language of which was really intolerabia.. The word " lying" was not permitted to be is trodeeed in judicial proceedings. It seemed the Purser of adding "• fresh lying title-pageoted a few additional leaves; la short, only a collusion between an boost bookseller sad a dumbly busiest professor, to impose on the public." The very word* are sufficient to sustain the proof of this libel. The Defender, however, bad hero at the pains to explain lee word " holiest" in his justsfieatory issue—that it meant dishonest." It was not a y that the second edition of a book should be entirely • new print. No one knew better thee Mr. Blackwood that nothing was more common than to replies only sucb parts of • work as required correc tion, but this was particularly necessary is the present case, where the hook contained date* or figures ie almoit every page. Indeed it was bet jest stow, when he was quoting a sole in the book, that be beard his Lesrsed Friend ow the other side say, /• That easily is the second edition." So that They confessed it was a second edition in which something import's' was introduced. indeed an aecoust of all the im provements sad additions was given in the preface. One of the deferents was, that the words were not applied to Mr. Leslie. Teis was an effect saying, "Mr. Leslie, you are • very ignorant and impertinent man ; you are hostile he Hebrew, because it is t h e lasgasge of the Old Tevtantst ; the young men situ attend the university bete their eels tolovs opinion* sneered away by you and others; you ere • storious plagiary ; you helm connived with your bookseller In defrauding the public ; you are very like a parrot : but do no thick, Mr. Leslie, that I mean poi." Such • defence only d to bring out theme suss es well as the malice of the Defender. The libeller had stated that is spite a hitter spirit was displaying Itself in this Coequality, and fist Mr. Blackwood's Magazine bad contributed to it. He takes merit to himself for having pointed oat Mr. Leslie's faults. He had eadertaken to justify his libel, sad if he abound not call soy witueiters it most be because be was now so convinced of the offence which he had committed, that no dare not set his face to the altar. He (Mr. f J.) denied that there was any truth is the statement, that the religion of students had been sneered away. It . character of this coentry; it never bad been the character of this people. If it had been the case, he would have been the last to stand up in its vitadkatios ; but if it were the case, it was not by each mesas that the evil could be tor remedy it was nut by the moans of maliginut calumnies that 'dig's' could i.e served. One word to damages, and he I had done. He shou ld only call upon them to promotes, such a verdict as would convince the country that they bad valued s Professor's character; • would vomitus Mr. Black woodoied those elnihave abet lid him in bit career, that if they will lake op that trade which Cicero had so •pily described as " Lee tonanie quarts furpissimus," they must take it with Hu con• sequence, of making the amplest reparation to those whom they have is- jured, wbe they come forward to claim it. The first witness called wee the Reverted David Dicksao, one of the Ministers of the Wen Church, who, being sworn, stated, that he had somewhat attended to the study of tb, Hebrew languages. Wes one year • candidate for the He. brew chair. The laugusge was not always written in the same character. The received opinims at present was that „ the Samaritan, or perhaps the &anent Phoenician character was the one formerly used ; it has 22 characters, and no finals, as be _knew. %Vas not aware the encieht He. brews always seal tbis alphabet for numerical note*. Mem bers is the body of the Scriptures were always set dews in words. Bishop Beveridge states that the Hebrews had but these 22, without any final letters, sod then explained the use of these as numerals thus:—The first sine were exile; the next eine, tote; the last four were used for the hundreds, 100, 200, 300, and 400; no higher could they go without • farther complication of signs. It was the operetta of the learsd, that the square character of the Chaldaic was istro duced subsequently to the Bebylenish captivity, sad the final letters were not in use tdl after the istroductiow of the Chaldaic character. It was the opinion of Bishop Callicut that the anal characters were not Introduced till after the tramline's of the &risers; sod he, whets, was of the some opinion, because writings in the Chaldaic characters, without any finals, end of a date about 201/ years before Christ, bad been discovered. Witness hooked at the note in Professor Leslie's book, and said it did not betray a total ignorance of Hebrew, mot of the alphabet at all events; It did not state any thing that was not the teeth. Cron-examined by Mr. FORSYTH --The Scriptures, wills few exception, were banded down to us in whet we call Hebrew. The General Assembly, when they ordered stu dents to be instructed in Hebrew, meant the Chaldaic.— %Witness described the use of tbe five foal lettere, ems 'aerating from the 400 (where the ancient+ stopped) ow to 900. He had go doubt but the Greeks borrowed some newer rale from the Hebrews. The Greeks had 24 letters.—(M. Forsyth here read the note of Professor Leslie, and asked witness if that was true of the Hebrew lenguagel—This re quited some exploitation. It was true of the ancient He brew language--tbe Imaguage in which the Bible was writ ten.—[Mr. Footmen: The language of which the Church of Scotland celled Hebeewl—No ? the Hebrew sow studied bad the final letters. There was on intent./ of enumerating by ' numerals in the Old Testeremit. the numbers were invariably set down iu full. He was the other day reeding the grammar of the oldest Protestant Hebrew writer, and be referred to • still older Jewish writer, who said the finals were eel weed as numerals by the Hebrews. "Were there any authors who he •lieved scan earlier existence of the And letters?"—" AY, yes : Mr. Buxton believed thelfieal letters were as old as Adam." The Rev. Dr Scott, Minster of Corstorphibe, had devoted • considerable time to the study of the Hebrew language. It was the tapholes of the teemed that the Scriptures were written ia the Samaritan leeguage, mud afterwards trans- • 411.. T. (erred into the mpare Chaldaic charsetet. A majority went of opinium that the change took place Immediately after the retorts from t►e Babytonish captivity' het a very respect. *hie minority were of a dare:est opision. Some conteeded that the thongs did - not take plate till two hundred years after Christ. This witness corroborated Mr. Dickson's dracription of the use of the Samaritan and the Chaldean character• in emimeratiou, and after looking at the note of Professor Lambe's account of enumerating in the ancient Ilebrew wasicorreet, mad that it displayed a perfect know. ledge of the Hebrew. alphabet; from mothing that be co u ld isler from that passage, should he believe Shut Peon ssor Leslie was ig t of the Hebrew language, and even of the alphabet. Dr. Scott was troaa-etamiaed by Mr. Foaavrw, to the same effect as the last witness, whose opinions be confirmed. Mr. .Itrntsw here submitted in evidence several voloomel of EycYcloPledia% from which be. read encomiums oa Mr. Leslie's discoveries. Dr. Marcel had beet) member of the Philosophical Society for some time, sad lectured is London 00 chymislry for several years. Is 'acquainted with, and leas often repestril the experiments of Peofeesew Leslie, by which he frets , s wider fa cacao. He believed at first, as he does now, that the process was originally discovered by Professor Leah. The feels ow w►ich the experiment was grounded had bees knows long before the experiatest of Mr. Leslie, or eves that of Mr. Nairn. 'The most meritorious discoveries were those produced by sew combinations of the simple facts, the discovery of which is oilers fortuitous. Does not be lieve, that from reading Mr. Nairies paper, as gives in the Transaction* of lA. Philosophical Society, he should have bees guided to the Professor olio's process, and for this 'coon, that because the paper had been for seventy years in t►e possession of roach greater philosophers them hiss, also had also overlooked the experiment. The discovery of Pro. (essay Leslie was considered origisall by all the leased men in London, and abroad as far as his knowledge extended. The first lime he knew of the experiment sscceediag in Lou. dos, it was perforated by Professor Leslie himself. Wiliest aid many others bad previously tried the experiment as de. scribed by Professor Leslie, and failed from out atteudeng to some of the perticulars. He bad succeeded is producing • great deal of coal, but foiled iee effectiag cungelatsou. He believed 1110 Professor Playfair bad also failed in his grit trial of the experiment i but ►e could sot speak of this to a certainly. Cross.rxamioed by Mr. Foftsred.—The production of cold by evsporalioti had bees previously knows, and ante • powerful genius puwerfally applied, this experiment might certainly have bees carried forward to Mr. Leslie's discovery. Re-examined by Mr. JrnatY.—Profrosor Leslie, by his experiment, had displayed a great inductive and ineutive grains, and had done what fur 60 years the whole piano. phical world had ant been able to do. Dr. Thompson, Professor of Chymistry at the Glasgow University, was acquainted with Professor Leslie's exprri• meat, and had tried it at least a hundred times. Had read Mr. Naira's paper in The Philosophical Tretemsclions, and it never shook his conviction as to the originality of Prole*. sot Leslie's discovery. Was quite certain, from i radio( Mr. Nairu's paper, that Mr. Nairn had ectoa!daeti his data after the manner of Professor Leslie. Considered it a valu• able discovery, and Was acquainted with Professor Leslie's mathematical works, and considered them meritorious, particularly is the geome trical analysis. Dr. Dewar was a physirise, and had 'Heade! particularly to chemistry, on which subject he bad leetnred In Ediu burgh. This witness corroborated the two preceding o it anon is the other poetic-Wars of their evidence. Mr. Csdell, partner is the hone of Mears Constable and Co., bookseller*, proved Hoot 900 copies of The Philosophy of Arithmetic had been sold within two years; had lain applied to fur the purpose of oodeviaking a second edition of that along with other works; did not agree to the terms; lookiwg at the two books, one entitled first and the other second editious of that work, be should say that the latter was a different edition from the former. A paragraph is the preface of the second edition gave a true account of the improvements which had been made on the former edition t the price he understood was raised en the second edition, in consequence of the improvements. Did not consider that Mere was any dishonesty in giving out the second edition as I one edition, and was not aware bow the improvements in the book could have been notified to the public but by call. lag it a new edition. Mr. Tait, publisher of the second edition, corroborates the preceding witness. 1 Cross-examined by Mr. Fortsame.—Would not the im provements i• the book have been as well described by the author stating in his preface, that the book now presented to the public was the old one, with such and such new pages, No; it could out be properly notified so. By lb. COURT.— A book entirely reprinted io called a new edition, and a book only partly re-printed, is also called a snood edition. Knew no particular quantity of additions that was necessary to coastitute a new edition. Mr. S. Aitkes, bookseller in Edinburgh, and partner with Mr. Bradfute, corroborated the two precediug witnesses, and added, that Mr. Blackwood had purchased at Goldie% safe the remains of Guldie`a edition of Coodoreets AriM =elk, and had republithed the same work with only a new title page, in which the book was styled • sew edition. Mr FORSTTO and the Court put several erns viontions to this witness, who answered them in a manner very dis• tint, cooBrmatory of his evidence in chief. Mr. Millar, partner of the house of Messrs. Manners and bookseWirw, folly corroborated the other witnesses of his ow■ profession; and ; in his cross-examination, sseniion ed a ease in which Mrs. Elizabeth Hamilton ►ad agreed with their house, on she republication of her popular essays in the old print, with some sew additions, and entitling it a new edition. This closed the ease for the Parswer. Mr. FORITTII having addressed the Court at great 'mg*, on the part of the Defender, the Jury, were charged by the LORD CHIC, COIIIII4SIOR CR, with his usual ability. The Jury retired, and after rs rosining in coasultation an hour and a half, returned with the following verdict In the first imue, the Jury find for the Defeuder, as far as the words—' We must look' (the point at which the Court was of °pinks' that tie libel eorrowescest); fur the Peruser as far as ' He may believe ;' and the remainder of this issue for the Defender. Os the second and third issues, find fur the Pursuer, and the fourth for the Defends.. Damages— Ono Hetriefred Potted,. There was some disapprobation expresses' in the Court at the ansonneenseat of the verdict. The trial was rot concluded till past eleven p rs. Several persons were yesterday convicted at Bow-street In penalties, for having sold fruit mid vegetables in Covent garden market on Sunday last. Sy DONN DEATH.—On Tuesday night Mr. BROO. SNOOFT. Clerk of the Day Rules to the King's Bench Prison, retired to bed in full health, but in less than an hour awoke with a violent pain in his head, and jumping up in bed exclaimed, " Good God ! wlmt's that 1" Medical assistance was im mediately obtained, when it was discovered that lie was seized with apoplexy. The usual means were adopted, but lie survived the attack only two hours. Mr. Bwoosttoorr was highly esteemed by till who knew him; lie had been connected with the Bench for 32 years. His remains, we understand, will be conveyed to the grave by six of the Rulers. MARKRTS. CORN EXCHANGE, FRIDAY, Jinx The %Vbest trade was henry this marnlar, horsing • eel. siderable questity at market, mid the faroltrahle change I. the weather missing a cessation in the d.msnd, the 'ohs were dull this toornim even for the 13nat SUMO'S, at Bloodily's The ordinary qualities of Barley is Is. per quarter lower, but superfine fresh thrashed samples 'mid on fall its good terms as on !Woodsy. Mane, Pease, and Oats went off hem ily ai a small decline from Monthly* quotations. UXBRIDGE. Cora Inspector's Ret YIN Tnttitsorr, it.TLY ?S. Wheat, pee load _ New ditto l6l —s to 181 --e Bosley, per cr.'s lei Oats l7s —d to 23s —4l Beans •'l+ —d to 31s —d Prose 2Bs —d to Me NEWBURY, BRIBE Jour 25. Wheat ~.,....lea to nil I (lota l4s to 21s Alto wew 44s to 1401 Reuss Kye .. • ..... —s to --a Pease 23. to 2:J. Barley l6s to les Bread pre gallon 1. Id to Is 3d. DEVIZEM, Jvcy Ur. • Wheal.... >t3s Od • 370 Od t Outs l7s OJ a 201 OJ Barley.... —s Od a 21s Od I Beans ISs Od a fl. Od 574 Sacks of Wheat said al the average of Its. 4f,d. HUNGSRFORD, Jots Od. to 83.. 04. Oats_ - Oa. lb Of. Od. to 20.. Od. I Beau 20s. Oil. to 30.. Od. SALISBURY, JuLt 23. Whe 0a.... 180. 08. to M. 88 11 Barley. I to Beams .. 225. 1141. to 40.. Od SMITHFIELD, FITDAT, JULY U. Our supply, with the easephon of Beef, ettolistees to he abundant, sad the qualify brio% lamer, She primp d loaf market day wen with delkelt) obtaieed. la the Hay Market there is se allayetino. NEWCATII AND LEADENHALL MARKETS. (Ny Ike Cardoso.) Bret .... 4o 64 is Ils 64 Veil IN to as n Rs I. So $4 I Pork .... Is ad to Sr 4ti Ls b3.NleasOd. LI I I 1 I k lIIIN M N PRICES OF BAY AND STRAW. R.JaY Ri n i, WIIIITMCI4APPL. Hay 31 O 04 w4l 4. SJI Hay .. 3' Is Od to 41 Os e 3 New do. 010.0 d to 01 0. 04 1 New de. 01 Os 04 to 01 0. 04 Clover 313. Od to 4/ de 04 Clover 3112 s 04 to 41 lss Od Straw 11 7s 01 to 2/ Se Od I Straw 1/ IlsoJ to 2/ 2, Od I'itICES OF TA 1.1.011 Tow* Tallow 37s 0.1 —s Yellow Russia 36.0 d ..11 0. 1 While ditto...—. Od —• Od Soap dito.... 330 Melting SNIT 2S s Ad Dillo ruwgh..lW OS Oi ', SOAP, Ste. per WO,. 'fellow Susi Sionle,l Cora Graves 7. Ps G..d Dreg 5......., I. Ps PRICE OF RAW 'PAT, tier Moire of Price by Tallow (se @Med by lbet Tallow.raelters), 2i. Sd PRICE OF CANDLCS, Frani TOG,' Chandkre Halt. Prke or Candles, per doseie, go IW—Mon Ma, las 6J. 114 . Pen &Medbslyd bar ready coney. SWEEP SKINS. Shesrliags I, 10s1 to Is Id PRICE OF LEATHER. Balla, 60 to 5111bs earl lid to 20./ per A. Ditto, 26 to 66 lbs. each ' —d to —4 Dreseiug Hides •••i 181 J to 1T Fiat Coach Hi.lee ... .. Crop Hides 35 to 40 at. for gutting Is!.1 to 12 0 Ditto 46 to 50110 ..1044 to 21J Cat/Skim 30 to delba 234 to 274 Ditto SO to 70 1ba.......• 28.1 to 334 Ditto 70 lo 8 / 1 1ba..•• 4 4 4 26.1 to 29d Small Seals (Getteulandl) ..184 to 204 i Large ditto .... Tainted Horse Hideo 15,1 to 171.1 Spa• usisb Horse Hain PRICE OP POTATOES, JULY 2G. New Potatoes, More MAMeg ls. ed. lots. ed. POMO Of OOPS, par 'Cwt. -7 I Raw Pomona - IMF Riles. Kent ....3/ Os to 41 Us Kest .... IN ifs so 4/ 104 gooses ..21 14s to 31 114 Seism .... I/ les to 3/ Its Essex....ll !Os to 4/ Os Hoses .... 31 I 4 to 31 Its Farohasn, One, 41.105. to 11. sl.—Secosits,3l. 10s. to 0/. 0.. COAL M Ara Ship, al Market Shire 7i Newcastle 2 Svaderlat.d KU, JOLT Pi. 501d.34e. 6d. r t r o it 4 e io 03. 330. to 3Po 14. COURSE 1)1: EACUA N Amsterdam ....C.F 12 7 Ditto at sight l2 4 Rotterdam .... 2 C l2 8 Antwerp l2 4 Ilaminirgh IV 37 8 A1t0na........2! U 37 9 Paris 3 .lap's sight 25 40 Ditto U 95 70 Pourtleattx 25 70 Frankfort us the ;GE, FILUPAIre JULY M. Legion* . . Genoa 43 Venice .•••.• 27 69 Malta 46 Naples. ...... •• 39) Pairreao .... per us 117 Lisbou Oporto Rio Janeiro 4tl Baiia •• •••• Dublin •••• • •••••• 4 Cork ••••••:.. Main, Es M.,,,,156 Peleraburgb, dbl. 3 U. 9 Vines' ellcciise 2 31 10 16 10 16 311 Cadiz ....- Bilboa 3l suLww. - Portugal Cold iu F •. Cole, pry or. ... 0 0 0 Forcigu Gull in Borerlulu Seville v, i l l Gibraltar.. 3 17 6 Pew Dui uns 0 P 0 New 1/4,11ai 0 4 0; Silver in liars 0 0 0 BIRTHS. On ThurvilY, the 25th hut. in Wimpair-drter, Lady Brit. port, of a fan. On Ttse o4 .T. fn ifinover-rioaro, Me Day of Sir Ilu 'pen Lone, of a daughirr. ‘nrilAce. Thursday, the 25th imitant, at Om New Much, Mars le-boor, by the Hon. and Rec. Gerald V. Welk sley, 11 , soy Long, Esq. eldrat non or Eduard Lost, K ilistsptvir in the comity orSorrey, Esq. to the Right Hos. Lady (a. tharlue WainaNgcungest dauelorr of /he late Earl of Or ford, and lister of If armor Earl. IYRAISa. On Sunday night, the 21st instant, In thildi,, Lo Norwood, wife of rd Norbury. Her Larly.inp daughter of Hector Graham, Esq., ee 'Rollout Solicitor et that city. On Monday, the 1516 instant, at Sslockton Abbey, neir Bingham, Litin.lnshire, in the 68th year of his age, tt Foi.ter,G nt. He 'rasa sabre of B.agham, in the church of which place his remains were interred on Saturday. Mr. Fort. r bad a great predilection for theatrical amusements, and t• - --------------- • on Thursday, the tith instant, perfoimed the character el u PRICE OF STOCKS YESTERDAY. Macbeth 'nth Mr. Smedley's company of cornetliAnt , at Cr cis Bingham, h: fore a Inrgc auditory, and upon refiring from Bank Stock .. 249 501 i I India Stock ...... 250 the theatre that reentlte, be caught told, %%Lich brought Os Di tie 3 per Cent. Red. 80/ 81 I India Bonds.. 63 64 pr. a yieleat fever, and terustotted his exisieuce. 9 per Ct. C0n5..... Bn/ 1 I En. Bills, 2.... 1,000/. - S ft 0 i aer . Even - ng i - ng 31 after. S ...., -,... ,- .12 L e : 3i rr Cent. o 9l 1S 6 pr. HIGH WATER AT 104130 BRIDGE THIS DAY. sin I ' 4 per Centb..... 98/9 1 Ditto. stnaU.... 57 pe. Morn ea. New 4 per Cents ooj I Lottery Tickets 24/. Itts. b -•• ---''-"'".- ""."'`' -M__.!!••"E_. - !"--""'!"... - 'Printed and Pu,blishad at THS SPUTISH raga sg i Bk. L. Ann. stof 13-161 Cons, for Ac... BOlife, 1 THE GLORt. Office, kn. 147, Strand, by CHARLES 1 lin. 9 pet Ct. An, , .20/ I . • -CORNWELL; of the St ran d , :- . . • s. the 1 I •- • s . . 0 --. . . , . i ....... , ..... 4.... , Ar...... 4. ..,, • .......----.. ..: „, 40 , , ....... .. .... ~ I I 2 A