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riof 101 per cent. upon the Assessed taxes. p li ereffly concurred in it. as he was convinced that i: "old be more produttive than either of the tax:. that had been abandoned, an.l would even gn much beyond the estimate. Mr. ‘VHITEREAD said, that, from his own knowledge, he was convinced that the statement made by the Right linsourable Gentleman Rose) was not the fafl. The porter, it was true, was not made barely of malt and hops, but it was mostly composed of them ; and if they consumed less in proportion than the private brewers, it was because they, hem their long experience and their talents, knew how to make more of these articles than private people cnuld be expeeed to do. Mr. ROSE contended, that his statyment was correa, and even admitted, at least, as far as re garded the /tarter Brewers near London. Mr. WHITBREAD said, the fast was, that f• rom a quarter of malt the brewers were enabled to make three barrels and a half of beer. • Mr. Alderman COMBE eoefirmed the state ment of Mr. Whitbread, and observed, that though Common Brewet s were to make still more beer from a less quantity of malt than private individuals, it was owing to the great quantity they consumed, their immense vats, their skill, and their machinery The Committee of Ways and Means was then de- terra to Monday next. zinTINY Mr. Secretory WINDHAM moved the third reading of this Bill. Mr. WALLACI; said, that though this subjeCt had already bean sit much, and so lately discussed, he could not let it pass through this last stage of its progress, without stating generally, the strong ob 'regions he felt to it. His first end leading objeftion • was, that it was a violent intraition of the undoubt ed prerogative of tbeCrows, which the Constitution of the country had invested with the power of en listing forces for such a tone of service as His Ma jesty might think proper. What was still more. it even precluded the King from the exercise of his prerogative, in giving a negative to the measure, as it was tacked to the Mutiny Bill, to which His Majesty must give his assent, or leave his demi firms without an army. He could not conceive what was to be gained by making that pledge dif ferent from what the soldier hid from the Crown, and that which he was to have from the Parlia ment ; but the mischievous tendency of degrading the Crown, and taking away that responsibility which Parliament ought to have over any bid and wicked Minister., who may be disposed to abuse the authority vested in them. He was at a loss which mo.t to admire, the bolduess of the Right Hon Secretary, in proposing so strange a plan, or his tardiness in bringing it forward. He had nor don. away by it any thing which was likely to sae& the feelings of the exiting army. There cools:, indeed, be no doubt of their loyalty and aoachment ; but it should, at the same time, be considered, that the army was composed of men alive a• quick to every sense of i. jury. According to the docirine of the Right Ross . Secretary himself, the men were brought into the situation of soldiers by a system of :"1., 1, intoxication, crimping, and every sort of indi reel on_ He &A.'S to them, • You have fought our batiks, you nave .14itesd the fame of the British army.youhovecoveresithecountry. withglory; to you shall not have the benefit of the present mea. r." Let ti - .e house then judge what must be the Atngs of men who found themselves so treated. He should have less objeFtinn to the measure. if the new levies were to he placed in separate cnrps,ohere no jealousies would arise amongst them ; hut as the thing was to be constituted now, one man in the ranks of a corps would h Ave a great odva stage over his comrade. In the present state of the army, there was no round for invidious comiarisons ; but under the new pl.in, it was quite different, as one set of men might quit the army at certain periods, or towards the close cf their terms, hoce their officers to relax their discipline, in order to retain them ; whereas. another set were compelled to remain, and placed altogether on • different footing from their . companions.— Reasoniog of this kind, he was aware. may be re presented as preaching discontent (a ere of bear! Atari froas the ALaisterial BelarA), but that should not prevent him from stating objections which must be obvious to every man. It was, indeed, a strange complaint to come from that side of the House. from Gentlemen, the greatest part of whose lives were spent in a perpetual and systematic opposition to every measure proceeding from the Government. He, himself, could recolleet one of those Gen tle:nen doubting the morality of the people sub mitting to the law, and saying, that it would be a question of prudence or d.setetion ; and if so, how could he, or his fiends, now complain of the state ment of ohjecclions which were in the mouths of every erne? rhedistinSion between the army and the navy on this occasOn was not to be overlooked, and was - very proper to be stated in debate, as it was diticuk to find a reason why advantages should be given to the one and deified to the other. Upon a question of such moment it was, to be lamented that the /louse was no: us possession of the (*Mons given by miiitary authorities on the subject. It may well be doubted, o hether, in changing the condi tion of the soldier, you did not change his cha racter. The Right Honourable Secretary said. that by the advantages now held out. the army would obtain a her:er description of persons than usually entered the service; but upon what that expectation was founded,he knew not, for he believed it would not be contended that the army was not at present in as good a state as it was capable of being placed. Hectic' not see,he said,anyadvaretagethat could arise from blending the charaeters of the soldier and the citizen ; on the contrary, he thought they would be much better kept separate and apart, as they were in all other countries, which kept up large military establishments. Another reason why be objeCted to the measure was, that we have hereto fore in this country tried the experiment of limited service, both as to time and space, and have not derived any advantage from it. as was fully evinced by the Army of Reserve. and the Addi tional Fence AS, both of which proved anproduc tive, whilst thsy injured :he recruiting fur the standing army. But what was to him the most oboCtionable of all was, that he saw no ne:essit• Iri.AleVW toe recurring to a measure et the kind. It would be RrOdliaive. RS had Ott nost deafly aeon by his Noble Friend i 1 is--unto Caolercag,N, and others, of great and nneaarnpled eepeacest amt would incur the risk of injtiritee if not of totelly destro)ing; the discipline of the atmy. In fe reign service, the; men must he brought home at the expiration of their several terms of service, which would be attended with almost incelculehle expiring, and abundant troutile ; beseles, it will have this certaM and very important disalva.ntege attached to it. that the army wetild continually be in a state of suffering, by being obliged to part with the very best men of which it is composed, of those also who have been longest in the service, who ate the best disciplined and newt inured to the climate, which men must be replaced by raw recruits—men who had seen no service, and who, from not beine inured to the climate, were likely to staffer infinitely snore from the ravages of that, than from the sword el the enemy ; and then we shisuld have to provide annually for a very extraordinary number of ca sualiies. to the amount of several thousands a year, which would render it very difficult to keep the army at its full and complete establishmeat. He could net but feel, with his Noble Friend, the vest weight of this enormous expence, at a time when the country was so very ill able to bear it, and when every expeece that cettld possibly be avoided: ought to be so. It bad been said, that if the pi en did not succeed, it seas easy to recede from it, but he thought eery differently on that head. I hey would tied, on the conoary, a very great difficulty in any attempt to recede from it. As the thing is considered as a boon to the army. you cannot, at thee nd of seven years, when the discharges are de manded, make any alteration in the system—yoit caanot tell the men who are, or may be required to enlist at that period that the boon can no longer be continued-that :hey are not so dent ring of it, as were this men whn enlisted seven yearf before, and received it. You will find it hard to pet suede men, that 'smile you are eischareing men from the eerily who hive served seven years, they whom yea then apply to, ought to enlist for life, or fie any longer term than seven years; they will revolt at the idea, and the danger will be, that you will get nit men to enlist at all. Another Mei ietton w ich weighed with him was, then it would he very i. jet ices to the Militia. and still me. e to the Volunteers, who, when they find from the opinion of Perhament, shat their services are looked upon as of less im pnrtance than they at first supp 'sed they would, well become lukewarm in their combinations, and will lose all that ardour which has hitherto so e &merely distinguished their exertions. Those several rea sons had made so strong an impressein on his mind against the Right Honourable Gentleman's plan, that he felt he could net cones ently with his duty but vote against the Bill. and he therefore objeaed to the third reading. Mr. WILBERFORCE said, tee great question now wider the consideration i` the House was, by what means we creel ties: increase the regular or standing army r „ad, it was to be recollettee, that the force now et be raised, was not of that nature that was tn i,erso as a Iliterdaheint for a: y other species of foice, hat was to acb as the mein defence of the country, against all Attacks of the enemy, both at home and Areal France possessed an army, that Was immensely large and powerful ; and, in the pre sent inquiry, it sheitld he our endeavour to try in what manner it will be in our power to give this ne cessary increase, its the easiest way. aid with the 1 speediest possible means. What is the foundatien, said he, on which we most build, in order to effeel this! he thought it was hope ; —that was ihe grand incentive, by which mankind were impelled forward in the vatieus pursuits of liie. Tr e man who wish ed to be a soldier. particularly, would be ictluated by the !,noes of advarcing himself for life—ot bettering his situation, and thereby placing himself in a state in which he will be looked up to ssith mete respeB, and obtain a charaeer above what the sphere of life he then moved in, vroule lead him to expeet. the present measure was well calculated to raise and excite that hope ; and, as such, the Bill met with hit claire approbation. He differed with a great many of those who had even argued in favour of the measure—not as to the mea sure itself, but merely as to the nature ot its opera.. *ion. He did not think so mach of what it would do in tile way of positive inducement, as what it would be likely to effee by doing away a very great im pediment to enlisting, viz. that of enliement for life. which, however lightly some gentlemen might think, or speak of it. was a vet y ...noes considera tion, and what could not tail, in the very nature of things, to have a great weight on all minds. the least disposed to think, or reason at This mea sure. operating on the one hand,by taking away ore of the most essential objections to tasting ; and, on the other, by holding out the temptation of more frequent promotions, could not fail to be attended With the most beneficial effeets towards raising that force, which it was. on all heuels, allowed. was ab solutely necessary to be ohtaisied at the present moment. If we looted tie the history of all military ceantries, we should find, that the principal inducement to all military achievements, was the disposal of ribbands, and other honorary distinc tions, which had. ley en elewant writer, OW:* • Mem ber of that House, Mr. Burke, been tencifully :tiled " the cheap defence of nations."—He should have been glad to have seen that some thing of this kind had been held forth, and could not but express his astonishment. that them delicate and honourable chstinaions had not been more attended to in this country, as they had certainly been attended with very important effects in all others, into which they had been intro duced.—He had heard some time ago of an Order of Merit, that was to have been instituted in favour colour seamen, and he hoped it would still be car tied into effect. It was true, they had on all occasions shewn that they needed not to be satiated by any additional stigmata than their anxious desire of glory, and ardent love for their country, but it would ;hew them, and they would be highly grati fied by it, that their King and fellowsubjects,and par ticularly the Parliament, were feelingly alive t' their glorious achievements, and held them in high and grateful remembrance. He differed very much with those Gentlemen who had argued that this measare ought to have emanated from, and been put in prim rice by, the prerogative. As Parliament have, for Nose Tenet last past. paid particular attention to this subject, he should have thought the present Ministers would have shewn great disrespea to that House, had they made use of the prerogative, and as proceeded as of their own special sill and .tntho• rity. By submitting the measure to the cci3idera titan of Parliament, they had given an nopnrttinits of heating every thing that could he said against it ; and, therefore, a great advantage would be de rived from the impvessten mat& on the public snirid by the various discuuions which had taken place ; which impression WAS. in his opinion, of the highest imptwtance, and which could not have been ma&e. by the ►ilent operation of the will of the Executive Power. Whatever benefits we derive from Military Service, when we iecolleel the means by which men are too often induced to enlist into :az. army—that it seas sometimes in the ntonient of Litt, : disappointment, often caused by severe distress, and not unfrequently in a state of intolication, that the allurements of the army are held out tothem, and it was at the same time recollected, that heretofore all enlistments had bi:en for life, be though: the House could not bat feel a great consolation in the idea, that this will hence forward be done away, and humanity and policy would from this time be united, in rendering the rate of the soldier so much less like that of the slave. He was convinced this measure will improve the qua lity of the soldier, and by introihcing into the army a better description of persons, would refine the tone and character of the military profession. It was universally allowed, by all who had either spoken or written on the salsket, that the military men of free enn •tries had always been better and more effeflive, than those who lived under the dominian of aibirrary sway. If von begin from the earliest periods of Greece, and trace them down to the English, you will find that liberty was the main sprihg of all their glorious military exploits—and that, particularly is respect to the English. you will find, that after they beesme possessed of Marra Cheri'', they never failed to skew the trench, that they could not enly effedually defend their own country, and the lihertie= artaehrd to it, hut they were also able to make the most gallant and formi stable attacks on then enemies, which made it most • gratifying to relied, that the Almiglity, when he gave lib. rty, gave aiso the most ample means ot sup porting it. As it cannot be doubted that service to, life tends to damp the memo s of freedom, de prives men of the Ardour, and takes from the digni y and elevation of charaCler, which the in habit:sat' of a free country are naturally imbued with, when they know they are only to be en. lived for a term, they will become animated with new spirit. It has been well o b served, that the French never fought with such enthasialm, as when they supposed they were fighting in the cause of freedom ; no matter whether the period was a good or a bad one ; bat believe me, Sir, said he, if they live long under their present mode of Government. they will not is tutor,: have those same energies as we have in this country of freedom, and which, so long as we preserve our libeitiee. we shall ever continue to possess. He •zressert hit surprise, that his Honourable Friend, who spoke last. should objeft to the blending or uniting the characlers of the soldier and the citi zen. He differed with him extremely on that head, and thought they could net be too closely conneeted. It would prove highly advantageous to the interests of the army, • because it wi.l make every man desirous of acquiring and maintaining a good charaChir, while ataing as a wohlier. that, when the term of his dLchatge should arrive, he might carry that character along with him, to show that he was entitled to respea, and that he was likely to do as much credit to the name of citizen, as he had done to that of sol dier ; and it would prove a sure way of introducing him to the favourable opinion of the people with whom he was to pass the remainder of his kite. He was equally surprised at the s'Jpposition made by his Hon. Friend who spoke last, that the best soldiers would always bequirtiag the army. That was begging the question, and always assuming that every man en. titled to his discharge, would, in all cases, demand it. —Tris, however, could not be the case ; and where it was not, he thought it clear, that the man of the most hale and robust c• rotirtitioa, who found him self able to hear the faiigoes of a camp, and encoun ter the elfeets of a foreign climate, would be the most likely to continue in it; and only the weak, the dissipated; or the indolent soldier. would insist en his discharge, and if this were the case, which he thought it was fair to argue it would be, the army w onld lose few, but such as it could very well spare, and without whom it would he m"re effective What made the measure rill more :as portrust in his mind was, that it would tend to pre "lnt deseqinn. and also be the cause of a mitigation sad dimiaution cat punishment ;—oh . jects, highly worthy the attention of the House, and important to tbe vital interest. if the army; for men would be more likely to behave well, and more centious how they degraded th-rnselves, whet) they knew they were to return into the bosom et • their fellow-citizens at a certain time ; and that in proportion to the good or bad charter they carried along with them from their regiment, would be the future prospect of their SIOCCC4I in the trade or profusion to which they must return, and by which they would be able to **wort themseiers dwring the remainder of their jives. He was thoroughly convioced of this from the very ingenious pubiicatians of Sir Robert Wil son, and Brigadier-General Stewart, on this sub jeft ; and thought the revention of desertion, and the mitigation of punts:meat. matters well worthy the attention of the House. As to the objeftion, that if the plan be once resorted to, it cannot be receded from, he thought it nothing at all, and could by no means agree to it. This mea• sure was unquestionably a ma:ter of experiment, and he would allow, that ten or twelve years should at least be given to it; and if in the course of that time it did not succeed, he saw no reason why we should not try another. It was only, in part. a new expel-ins:mt. not entirely in; it had been resort ed to in the American War. eta fitly on the same principle. and none of those woeful Jets which are now prediaed of it had taken place. No man of the old army, whine enlistment was for :ife, was then known to repine that he was not entitled to his discharge at the end of the war, nor thought his tate at all retrd in performing a contra. 2 wr ich had entered into in his 04% behalf. He differed, however, with all on this particular point, and c. have wiehed a certain proportion might have been entitled, at the expiration of a certein number of ysirs, to b•:• discharged, either by lot, or s.:use other aaotlt, which Austad be thought more eligible. It would show that Parliament feel grateful for the benefits derived from their servi ce' , anti wools:, unquestionably, have a very goo.: effea tat that part of the military force, that k already enlisted for life. He denied that the measure was a mere theory ; nothing could be farther fmm the truth than this assertion; it was built cn the rape. rievice of all former ages, which have uniformly proved, that the rewards and renruneratioas held •out by it, have, in all former times, operated writs dithappiast effa,ll, and have never fAilr.: to corn. triMicate a dignity and elevation of miad, that uriitormly stimulated the soldiers to the mist animated and glorious evrtions. As to what had been said of the jealousy of the navy, he thought it ridiculous, fat they k•ew ve-y well, that at the cnd of the war they ale cure to be discharged, and could tneietore have no jea. lonsy en that score. He could wish, and indeed hoped, that something similar to Chelsea wovl l be done for the sailors, as it wirald she*/ them to t Par. Lament are always alive to, and ',crateful far, ti icr unequalld glorious exertions. As to th: Cnie!i: 4 l, service, it was impossible for hires to ght - Iltnoil tr, without, at the same time, conplirvg it va:a :;_ • Slave Trade, the continuance of e hich state id Au. harisin, forces us annually *lend .rut a vets tar*e force, nut only to defend ;41 Celon'sts bunt their enemies, hut also to defend them agair•st thei: (iwn slaves, who, if that abominable trathi: was aka lished, and proper regulation, midi, as to the treats ment of the Slaves, might in time be brought to such a state, as to form an Army of Defence them. selves, add world saye us from the painful las ce•sity of sending so 'Any thousands of brave men to fall sacrifices to the dreadful ravages of cons tagion and climate. The more Le tbisaight of this rneasare, he said, the more it met pis approbation, . . as be was certain it weal.; be attended with very great advantages to the army ; and above all, would be the means of instilliiiit into the soldier _ _ _ that diviified and esalted ferliny, that when they arc fighting for their country, they will do it with an animation and ardnnr, which the purusi"n of I.berty, and its attendar.: blesswgs, can alone inv . ?* 1k was sensible we shill obtain it great and epee•,' incre.ue to the standing army, and there/ me heartily concurred with those who brought forward the measure, and would vote ior the Rill. Mr. H. ADDING roN said, he was convinced this measure was the best calculated to render this country invulnerahle; and invincible, and therefore it had his hearty support. General TARLE TON conceived he had a right to expel that be would be heard by tl.e Ilo;,.e wish attention, as he „ace his opision in the uoehle ca. fiazity of a Mem ber and a Military man. For his part, he considered the measure would have the very worst effects, and therefore would oppose it I but, before he sat down, he thought it necessary to make a few observations on the argu ••nts wiech had been used by Gentlemen at the other side of the House. It had been said, in support of this measure, that it would alter the entire cle stitution, tone, and charaeler of the army ; but he did not conceive this necessary, and he would leave it to the candour o' the House to determine, whether the present army were deficient in spirit ; they bled freely for their country on all occasions, sod he did lift think a single instance could be :motioned, where a e. it:sh force wa, s 5 .6- clued by an enemy their equal is numbers. On the contrary, there were many instances that could be related which proved directly the contrary, pie tkulatly the Affair of Egypt, which would eser redound to the honour of the British arms. The Honourable Gentl.man then adverted to the en listment for a limited time in foreign uati'as, and particular;sei the Swin regiment under the aom• mand of Baron de Rolle, which was quarterel in Portugal. In this, he said, [Se men were en listed for a limiti'd time ; but, t -Nerds the close of the period, it was impossible for the com manding officer to keep up discipline in t..e regiment, as he was afraid of preventing C . e men, by any degree of severity, from again en tering into the service. He then adverted to the opinions of the General Officers, and read a letter from Colonel M. Power of the Thir.y.second Rersment, wh;ch he considered as the general see fitment of the army. It hewn by stating his total disapprobation of Mr. Windham's plan, which he considered as a visionary scheme; and after some other observations, informed the General, that the Inspeaing Field.Oilicers were in waiting, every moment expelling to make their ,onsi. lie they made use of many arguments which had been hefo e used, and said, that the Right Hon. Geirlemin who proposed the plan, should not have spoken 3 s he did of the army; he should not, he thnue'n: have used sods expressions as " so many killed ou.' or that when men entered into the army, they might be considered as " gone to the dogs.* The Right Hon. Gentleman, he thought. had daggers on his tongue, though, at a professional man, lie used no arms to defend his country ; and he, there fore, would vote against the Bill. Mr. WILBERFORCE and Gea.TARLETON explained. The LORD ADVOCATE of SCOTLAND did not ceoceive, that it was necessary for a man to be a soldier, to be able to give an opinion on the busi ness ; he thought every man, or. at least. every Bri ton, was competent. The House had been told , that it was a military qeestion entirely ; but, with respea to this point, he begged leave to differ from the Geatlemets, as he conceived that every mut had a right to judge of the propriety of the measure, as, at all events, it could not be a question for military men alone, until after the soldiers were raised. It might as well be said, he thought, that a woman could oat tell the inducement that one of her sex might h-ve in tak ing a husband, unless she bad been herself manic l- For It's own part, he was coavinced that the potpie from the country to which he beloaged, would ra ther have limited then unlimited service; arid. though Gentlemen might smile at the :den of a dire ierent kind of addicts being enlisted under this rn.iy sure. yet he was certain it would be taro CAW. • e wield like to see oaf of those wlsr were the .ii • porters of service for life, and o-e of allege who friends to limited service, with babe"' in I. :rinds, endeavouring to rai• men in Scotian.'. - None, ho believed, would he so Seatosticai ... think that a Sro.chtman weuld never wish t.i rs.-" to bill country ; and, therefore, as tae sma•tre o 5. S for tlii vie g" the no I an , thi dig 'dm ' ~~ :N ~r .~ . lio - on* li CI v f