The Sun. — London, England, 1862-09-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1862. L'NEs of EMINENT STATESMEN, by THOS. HOOD, Esq., in FIIN, every week. Row Ready, handsomely bound in Magenta cloth, gilt, price 4s . 6d. ; post free, 55., the SECOND half-yearly VOLUME o f FUN , w i t h numerous Engravings by talented artists, and humor ous Articles by the following distinguished writers : W. Bailey, Esq. W. S. Gilbert, Esq. W.. Barber, Esq. IT. Hood, E sq. E. L. Blanch , rd, Esq. T. S. Jerrold, Esq. G. W. Bridge man, Esq. W. J. Prowse, Esq. F. C. Burnand, Esq. Godfrey Turner, Es H. J. Byron, Esq. 1 !cc., &c., &c. q. Office, 80, Fleet street, London. CRYSTAL PALACE. -TO - MORROW (Tuesday.}--STRA-NGE'S GREAT SHILLING FETE.—Doors will be open from EIGHT in the morning. The Palace will be brilliantly lighted in the evening, aflord ing ample time for departure.—One Shilling. C RYSTAL PALACE.-ARRANGEMENTS TO - MORROW (Tuesday). Open at EIGHT. Orchestral Band at Band of the Hon. Artillery Company at The Etoile Family at 1.15 The Rocky Mountain Wonders at Band of the London Irish R.V C. at ...... 2.45 Coxweil's Balloon Ascent at Blondin over the Fountains at All the Great Fountains at Leotard in the Centre Transept at Orchestral Band at 5.30 Great Organ i'erformanoe at Admission to all, One Shilling ; Children, Sixpence. .• For full particulars of amusements see first page. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN , This Evening, SONNAMBULA. Commence at 8. THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. 'This Evening:, THE ROUGH DIAMOND. After which, THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW. To conclude with THE ARABS OF THE DESERT. A Troupe of the Beni-Zoug- Zoug. Commence at 7. THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET. This Evening, THE WIFE'S PORTRAIT. Alt er w hi ch, OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. With CELOS Y'CALIA. And MY HUSBAND'S GHOST. Commence at 7. NEW TREATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI r . This E„ n ing, THE FLOWERS OF THE FOREST. To be followed by_ONE TOUCH OF N A T URE. And THE 13111,LLING DAY. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. T his Evenh2K.,_THE LOST LETTER. After w hi ch, at a quarter to 8, ALNG HENRY VIII. With THE TWO p(),LTS, Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. This Evening, PEEP O'DAY. Followed by KILLAR- I KEY. Conclude with THE COLLEEN BAWN SETTLED AT LAST, Commence at 7, ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. This Evening, MAZEPPA. Brilliant Scenes in the Circle, Concluding with a Comic Ballet. Comlnence at 7. MR. and MRS. CHARLES MATHEWS "AT ROME," at Her Majesty's Concert Room, Haymarket, This Evening. Commence at 8. W. S. WOODIN'S CABINET OF CURIOSITIES, Polygraphic Hall, King William-street, Charing-cross. Commence at 8. ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street, Hay market. Open every evening for Promenade and Dancing. CANTERBURY HALL. —EVERY EVENING.— eteck el, the great Trapeze performer—Grand Operatic Selec tion a usual —Unsworth, Eugene, and Duley, the great comic trim, &c. Commence at 7. THE OXFORD, 6, OXFORD -STREET, EVERY xvEAlNG.—Grand Operatic Selections, with full band and chorus.--The comic performance of MlBB Caroline Parkes— ;Steckel on the Flying Trapeze —The Ethiopian oddities of Romney, Newcomb, &c. Commence at 7. NOTICE. All remittances are, henceforth, to be made to Mr. JOHN CHAPLIN, at The Sun office, 112, Strand, who has been appointed, by the Lord Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun newspaper, and the outstanding debts due in respect thereof. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.--;horning, 12h. 46m.—Afternoon, lh. 2m. To-woßaow.-Morning, lh. 23m.—Afternoon, lh. 41m. We have long had Sea Island cotton—no small hope is now ex.ci•ced that we shall have Sea Cotton. If the neighb o'arhood of the sea so much improved the fibre of the land plant, what are we not to expect frorri the fibres of plants rooted beneath its surface. The secret is now disclosed, for the benefit of all venom it may concern, that a plant grows at the bottom of our shallow seas, and is thrown ashiore by cartloads after a gale, which abounds in a delicate, almost si.ky fibre. So much is abso -1 utely certain. It only remains to be seen whether the fibre can by chemical and mechanical processes bo cheaply brought to the state in which it will be serviceable in our cotton mills. The plant itself is one, of course, well known to all residents on the coast, and to most visitors. It is so common-looking a weed that, probably, most persona who patrol the shores for pleasure would pass it by as tangled rubbish, in comparison with movi.e interesting seaweeds. The Zostera Marina would scarcely interest, indeed, any one but the botanist, who would notice its belonging to a Lineman Class of which our island furnishes but few specimens ; and its be ing a true flowering plant, though growing at the bottom of salt water. When the announce ment was made that it could be furnished in any quantity without displacing any agricultural pro duct, we naturally asked whether it was to be grown on heaths or sandbanks. We certainly did not think of the old Greek poet's " barren see or its bottom, as likely to be the field whence our spinning jennies and looms were to be supplied. The moat sceptical may acknowledge that there " is something in it.'' The fibre is there. The paper maker has tested that. He has got rid of the gelatinous parts by boiling in alkali, and has proved that he can mix it with rags and reduce it to pulp, and give us paper from it much superior to what straw can furnish. He can buy it, we believe, at about £4 per ton, so that if it cost .E5O per ton to bring it to the state in which it could be used r cotton, it would cost only sixpence per pound for its manufacture. Of course the probability is, that, if available at all, it will cost but a small part of that sum, and what may be termed natural processes, costing next to nothing, as in the case of flax, would be resorted to, as the regular means of getting rid of the mucilaginous matter. To Mr. HENRY HAREEN belongs one honour - Which even want of success c annot deprive him of—that of patriotism. Competent persons, who have the material, wished him to reserve to himself a small royalty at least. But he felt, from t h e be ginning, more desire to be a public benefactor than to make a fortune of his discovery. Six m onths, at least, mu s t h ave passe d aw ay before he wild have brought his discovery into any available form, through a patent , by throwing it open to the --world, he brings to hear agora the raw material at once all the chemical and mechanical skill of the nation, indeed of all nations. With regard to the employment of the operatives in ) collecting thi s sea grass, we may admire the benevolent zeal and confidence of Mr. HARBEN, but practical men. will wait a little while first, to see whether his expectations can be realized. When we have seen a few hales of this spa cotton prepared, spun, w ov E n, dyed, and exhibited in the market, and hardly before then, shell We have the great rush to the shore. The mere collecting could easily be performed, indeed, by the agricultural p ope ., lation already on the coast, hut probably some first processes will be needed, which could be better done by hands accustomed to nianufacturing pro great ousel. Perh a p s th e d yers. who =Wit in numbers be out of work, would be found very apt for such an employment. It is too early yet to indulge in the pleasant visions which will arise to the mind from the bare probability of so grand a discovery as a new textile raw material, of no value at present except to the farmers, who cart it away as manure. Indepen dence of America, the waning of its horrid cotton planting slavery, first into the milder form of agri cultural slavery, and ultimately its abolition ; at the same time, profitable employment for thousands of freemen at home in a perfectly new line--and, above all, the immediate relief of the distressed dis tricts, and dispelling of the dark cloud on which the whole nation looks with such dismay ;—such hopes will arise at once, and make us unwilling to doubt that they are speedily to become realities. We shall, however, soon know the truth. The interests at stake are so vast, the concern so national, and the numbers of competent investigators so many, that but very few weeks will elapse before we shall know whether English sea cotton be a dream or a reality. Mr. TAYLOR'S letter from Spezzia, under date the 17th instant, will be read with the profoundest interest, It is more circumstantial than any ac count we have yet received as to the condition of GARIBALDI at Varignano. It gives us more parti culars than we have been able to obtain from any previous eyewitness, both as to the General him self and as to his surroundings. In many respects it cannot but be looked upon as highly satisfactory. After the gloomy impression produced by the frag mentary tidings flashed across the Channel by the continental telegraph from time to time—giving us news, now that the Hero was worse, now that there was fever at one moment that amputation appeared to be all but inevit able, at another that the • healing of the wound must be very slow and at the best but partial, leaving the illustrious patient probably crippled for life : more even than all this—after the sinister silence so long maintained as to the pro gress made, if indeed there was any progress making at all by the sufferer—it is positivel re freshing to read the full, true, and parti cular account written from Spezzia itself, by a member of the British House of Com mons. Referring to his recent visit to GARIBALDI'S apartment, Mr. TAYLOR it will be remarked, expressly says, " I felt a want to put a despot there who should rule with a firm hand and with unseen and unheard authority. The main elements, however, of interest and affec tion are evidently there, and probably to hardly any other man could the little over-much of bustle be so innocuous. His calm, his wonderful serenity of demeanour seem not to heed, still less to be excited by the surroundings." And, later on, he adds, "I have already given you in two words the impres sion produced at the moment, and returning after wards—(wonderful serenity), calm, courteous, and tranquil; thankful for the least service ren dered by any of his attendants, an utter ab sence of anything like the peevishness of a suffering man." This, indeed, is only what we might very well have been certain of, Yet, convinced of this, it is satisfactory to learn that our convictions as to the serenity of the sufferer have been justified, and more than justified, by his bearing throughout. Of this we had had but a glimmering previously. Borne through the crowd of lookers on at Scylla, and again at Spezzia, upon a litter, every jolt of which must have been almost in expressible torture to him, from the very nature of the principal wound by which he has been prostrated —GARIBALDI was described as looking about him without uttering a. groan, but ever bearing a smile upon his uncomplaining lips. We now have this explicit assurance of Mr. TAYLOR'S from his own personal observation of the bear ing of the sufferer,' that his equanimity has been nobly maintained in this way, up to the very last. Perhaps nothing that occurred during the course of this interview between the Italian Hero and his English visitor possesses greater in terest for us all than the following—thus related by Mr. TAYLOR: " I expressed in a few words the profound sympathy we all feel for and with him, and which I felt justified in saying was shared by all England. He thanked me warmly, or rather earnestly, and said it was not the first time he had had to express his thanks to my country." Our country, Yes ! Our Government, No ! It is a theme upon which we hardly care to descant, so little cause have we in this matter for exultation. Con sidering the position occupied by England among the fist of the Great Powers of Europe, it is won derful, when we come to think of it, how very little, if anything at all, has been done by her agency, mi- ary, naval, or diplomatic, towards forwarding the the great and still incomplete work of Italian Re generation. Whenever an objection of this kind is hinted at, we are instantly reminded of course of the great and glorious principle of Non-intervention. An admirable principle no doubt in itself, and if freely applied to any country working out its own political emancipation. But literally and absolutely inapplicable even as a phrase when coupled with efforts of Italy —when spoken of at any moment from first to last in connection with the Italian War of Independence. Non-intervention, forsooth —in Italy! When of late years, has it been wit nessed in application to the Roman peninsula ? Now ?—when the French Army of Occupation in the very centre of Italy is a perpetual demonstra tion to the world that there is " Intervention !" That there is and has been all along intervention there, we know,—while we have been babbling thus all the time complacently about non intervention ! Again, at the very commence ment of the War of I ndependence, three years ago, when the French EMPEROR and hie marshals magnificent army o f took that Emancipation across the frontiers, first of all of France, and afterwards of Piedmont, to wrest Lombardy, at least, if nothing else than Lombardy, from the grasp of Austria—was that Non-Intervention ? And with out that armed intervention on th e part of France (no matter what the selfish arriere pensee of the EMPEROR in acting th us in order to give himself the excuse of stealing from the Crown of Savoy that foremost jewel of its sove reignty, and together with that glittering gem of Savoy its radiant pendant of Nice) —without that armed intervention on the part of France, it is difficult to imagine that Lombardy could at this moment have been, as it is, free from the Austrian yoke. No, when once it can be literally and actually applied to Italy—. now that these p re li m i nary l a b ours have been got through —when once it has, in simple matter of fact a n d in serious sober earnest, been applied to Italy, then let us talk as much as we like about the blessedness of n on -i ntervention. Not before ! Not while the liberation of Lombardy from the Germans is proof positive before our view that good can come of armed intervention, Not unmiti gated good, it is true—as Nice and Savoy st i ll only painfully d emonstrate ; b u t good a t any rate of a practical ki n d— goo d o f som e sort. Again, l e t us no longer boast of the beneficent results of the application of the principle of non-intervention to Italy—so long as the French troops are there in the very middle of Italy, as demonstrative of the tact that there is still intervention there, and! not at all this boasted boon for Italy of non-inter, vention. Reverting to a consideration of the actual bodily plight of GARIBALDI—Mr. TAYLOR'S account of the nature and condition of the principal wound from which the Hero is still suffering, and likely to suffer yet for some considerable time to come, is about the very best description we have been enabled to obtain. " The injury," he says, " consists of a gun shot wound, half an inch in length over the internal ankle, which has been broken off and the joint laid open. Some por tion of the garments were driven into the wound, but the ball did not enter. The wound is free from inflammation, and the patient is as regards his general health in a not unsatisfactory condition. The great necessity is perfect quiet. There have been rumours of an intention on the part of the Government to move him. It can be but foolish rumour. There can be no such intention. It would be murder. Months must elapse before the injury can be cured, and there is fear that there may remain a stiff joint. The appearance of the wound is healthy, and the suppuration is also free and satisfactory. His condition is a little under the mark, and I think Mr. PARTRIDGE will gradually try if he cannot stand a more generous diet. There has been no bleeding, which is a mercy ; merely the application of leeches." That at least is a consola tion—the knowledge, for certain, that GARIBALDI has not once been tampered with by the lancet of a single Italian physician. It gives us hope, that with rest and judicious treatment, the Great Man—not the less Great because of his recent defeat, arising out of so egregious a Blunder—may yet be raised up once more to health and strength from his pre sent couch of sadness and of suffering. Mr. WALTER, of Bearwood, and Mr. DISRAELI, of Hughenden Manor (sixth time knight of the shire) have a standing quarrel. They cannot agree on having prize labourers, as well as prize pigs, at agricultural shows. We quite agree with Mr. WALTER; we observe, indeed, that Mr. DISRAELI in his last advent at Buckingham, as "sixth time knight of the shire," half apologized for his prize HODGE, by deducing the origin of the prize from days when labourers were in a very different position. But as the hon. gentleman's theory of our national greatness is, that we com bine " tradition and progress" —he would not give up the HODGE of tradition, while he would tolerate the HODGE of pro gress. Mr. WALTER on this point would rather sing with Dr. CHARLES MACKAY— " Old opinion , , rags and tatters, Get you gone, get you gone." He may have prizes for skill in anything agricul tural—ploughing, stacking, thatching—what you please, but not for long service and sparing the parish rates. Such virtues, he thinks, ought to bring their own reward, and a reward, too, from the master to whom they were actually rendered. Mr. WALTER, however, has taught the agricul tural labourer where he may look for a prize more worthy of him. He has had a grand trial of steam ploughs for the benefit of the farmers of Berkshire on his own farm at Briarwood. Mr. FOWLER and Mr. HOWARD, in amicable competition, exhibited their ploughs in full work to the Berkshire sons of the soil, and, we may be sure, gave them full satisfaction. No one ventured to decide between the friendly rivals, but all agreed to praise and toast them. Amongst other topics, the bearing of ma chinery on labour was of course one, and Mr. FOW LER pointed out that, whereas the difference in wages of a first-class and inferior labourer where steam was not used, was but three shillings, where steam thrashing machines and ploughs were used, it was as much as twelve shillings. Here, then, is the deserved prize for the rural labourer. If he be really a superior man, he may double his wages by working in compiny with steam. It is, indeed, a splendid change within the memory of many of us —the labourers so ignorant and their numbers so great, that they burned thrashing machines to protect themselves from their competition, and now the same class, not more than sufficiently numerous to till the land, hardly numerous enough to harvest the crops, and looking up to double wages through the same grand agent which has made our manufacturers and manufacturing wages what they are. Nothing, indeed, can raise the agricultural peasant but to make his task increasingly one demanding skill as well as physical strength. The latter we can always have even cheaper from the animals we employ—as the rule, it is the skilled labour, like skill in everything else, which must gain the reward. As railroads permeate the country, as the cultiva tion of land is carried on by the aid of science and ingenious machinery, so will the poor labourer, even the Dorsetshire labourer, rise from the rank of a drudge to that of a self-respecting workman. Steam ploughing is the most important of the mechanical operations yet to become universal on the farm. On a large part of the land of England, the power to plough it rapidly at the right moment, will almost make the difference between a crop and no crop. On clay lands it will soon become second to the grand essential of draining only. Between the two, many of the lands most uncertain at present, but most productive when ail things go well, will be capable of cultivation with almost as much certainty as the more manageable soils. Our steam plough engineers are men, however, of world wide views. They aim not only to double, on the average of years, the produce of our own cold clays, but to supersede the hoa of the slave, and to drive slavery out of the tropics. Mr. FOWLER mentions South Australia, Egypt, Cuba, South Americ , and Porto Rico, as places whither he has sent his mactlines to triumph in most instances over the rudest applications of labour. So surely as they succeed there, and who can doubt their success, the " great question of negro slavery, he says, must feel the effect of of steam cultivation." Where the negro worked three inches deep, the steam plough, at iar less cost, would work a foot deep ; and "so surely as the sun would rise to-morrow, so surely must slavery suc cumb before the more mighty but silent change which this application of mechanical skill will effect." Mr. FOWLER is quite right in his view that slavery and iv telligent labour can never har monise, but we fear the time will be long before the planters of South America will prefer the steam plough to the negro, although the former would need no fugitive slave law, and would serve them better ; love of tyranny, more than profit, upholds slavery. The Q _ne ,ueen WWI return to England about the middle of October, and take up her residence at Osborne, where she will remain until the second week of December, after which her Majesty will go to Windsor Castle, and stay there in strict privacy for about ten days, and then return to Osborne, where the Queen intends to spend her Christmas. The prince of Wales will also spend his Christmas in England.--Court Journal. We understand it is her Majesty's intention to carry on the model farm at Frogrnore, which was built under the directions of the late Prince Consort, and to give up the Royal farms at Bagshot ; also the Flemish and Nor folk farms in Wind s or Great Park.—Court Journal. Mr. Richard Cobden, M.P., arrived ;al Aberdeenon Thursday aft ernoon , acc ompanied by M rs. and Miss Cobden, and left on Friday mo rning for Braemar, 'I he Gard en O rac l e ; or Economic Year Booßraemar, i s announced by the Messrs. Groombriqge for publication early in October. It is edited, as befnre, by Mr, Shirley Hibbard, F,B,H,S. LA EST NEWS. THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. ALEXANDRIA, SEPT. 20. The Vectis and Ripen, with the above mails, left this morning for Marseilles and Southampton respectively. The Ripon may be expected at Southampton about the 3d of October. The Nemesis brought the mails to Suez, arriv ing there on the 18th inst. The Colombo, with the London mail of the 4th -10,11 inst., left Suez on the 19th for Calcutta. The letters from Frankfort give the particulars of the Four per Cent. Loan of 7,200,000 florins, just contracted by the Duchy of Nassau with the house of Rothschild. They also mention that a public produce market for grain, oil, spirits, &c., has been opened at Frankfort, which it is thought will prove successful. Former attempts have failed, but as Austria and Hungary are now brought within easy reach by railways the belief is that Frankfort will be a very convenient depot between those countries and Holland, France, and England. The under taking has been entirely created by the individual exertions of private capitalists, the English fashion of dispensing as much as possible with Government interference in such matters having, it is said, com menced making some progress even in Germany. SYMPATHY WITH GARIBALDI.—A public meet ing was held at Great Harwood on Thursday evening, to consider the propriety of adopting petitions and memorials relative to the application for the release of General Gari baldi. Mr. J. J. Rippon, of Oakenshaw, occupied the chair. A memorial was adopted to " His Most Excellent Majesty Victor Emmanuel,' praying him to immediately pardon Garibaldi and all alleged offenders against the Italian Government. A memorial to Earl Russell, praying his lordship to use his influence to put an end to the French occupation of Rome, was also adopted. Mr. Balfe, the most popular of English com posers, is for the moment in Paris. His celebrated opera of " The Bohemian Girl," which has been given all the sea son in Rouen with immense applause, is in preparation at the New Lyrique Theatre. It seems strange that this work, a standing favourite in Germany for years past, should still be unknown in Paris. THE NEW POACHING ACT —The first case that has been dealt with in this county under the provisions of the new Act of Parliament passed for the prei'ention of poaching, was heard at Bingham petty sessions last week, before Mr. Martin and Mr. Tayler. Two police officers having good cause to suspect that game which had been un lawfully obtained was being carried in the cart of one Gib son, of Hawkesworth, carrier, on Saturday, the 6th inst., stopped at Saxondale cross-road, about 7 in the morning, and asked permission to search it, which was refused, the driver applying the whipto the horse, and resolutely proceed ing. The cart was, however, stopped, one of the police holding the horse's head whilst the other commenced un fastening a rope which secured some hampers. Gibson denied having game in his cart, and drew the rope violently out of the hands of the policeman. He then struck the horse with his whip to urge him forward, though the other policeman had hold of the bridle. Search, as a matter of course, was effected, when six hares were discovered, and a notorious poacher named Tom Richards, a passenger. Gibson, on being questioned as to whom the game belonged, pr tested his ignorance, but eventually said, "To Richards," who found it useless to deny it. The game was seized, and summonses issued for both parties to appear. Richards, upon whom service was made personally, never came into court, though he was seen in Bingham on the morning of hearing. The carrier Gibson was present to an- wer the charge of resisting the police in the discharge of their duty, which was clearly proved, and he was fined £l, and the costs, 12s. Richards, against whom four cot,- victions were recorded for poaching, and six for other offences, was sentenced to pay the sum of £5, and in default of payment to undergo two months' imprisonment with hard labour. As the new act expresses that offenders " shall pay any sum not exceeding five pounds," and is silent as to the costs of conviction, the magistrates did not think they were justified in imposing the penalty of £5 exclusive of them ; the term of imprisonment would therefore be only two months, according to the first and second William IV. chapter 32, sec. xxxviii., to which the new act refers. The game was directed by the justices, in writing, to be sold, and the proceeds of sale to be paid to the treasurer of the county.--. Nottingham Journal. A RAM FOR THE AMERICAN CONFEDERATE GO VERNMENT.—It would seem, judging from the contracts now in the hands of the shipbuilders and iron- plate manu facturers of this country, that the Confederate Government is exhibiting as much energy and resolution in the creation of an iron-clad fleet as it has manifested in the series of battles which have thrown the army of the Potomac, de feated and broken, behind the shelter of the defences of Washington. Besides the commissions committed to other shipbuilders by the Southern Confederacy, and which are being pushed forward with all possible despatch, a large iron-plated ram is now being constructed on the Mersey, without much attempt at concealment. We withhold the name of the builder tor prudential rea ons ; but the fact is without question, and the rem, from the high character of her builder, will be amost formidable opponent when equip ped for sea ; and, should the blockade of the Southern coast not terminate before her arrival before ( harleston, she will attempt to pass the Federal cruisers with every chance of impunity. In addition to this ram, and other contracts heal by our shipbuilders—which, by the way, are highly flatter ing to their reputation, and which hitherto have been finan cially discharged in each instance (when completed) with scrupulous punctuality—a vessel now in the Erunswick dock, the name f which we do not give for obvious reasons, has a cargo consisting principally of iron plates on board, ready to fasten on the sides of southern vessels waiting their arrival out at Charleston. The owners of this vessel are imbued with Southern sentiments ; but, whether or not, we are too neutral in the gigantic conflict raging across the Atlantic to allude too pointedly to this transaction. It seems very clear from the present vigorous conduct of the Southern Confed- eracy, that the South, at no distant period, will possess an iron-clad fleet capable of copit:g as successfully with that of the North as its armies have triumphantly met those of the Federal Government, if but tha same dashing spirits that lead the armies of the South can be found to command it. Of one thing, however, we think we can speak with cer tainty, and that is, that in the vessels built on the Mersey the South will have an advantage over the Federals in strength of build, equipment, and invulnerability. The rest their own courage will do, and we may yet hear of the gallant performance of more than one No. 290 before the announcement of peace gladdens the heart of all 'Europe. At all events, a few such rams as the one now building on the Mersey would make the raising of the Southern blockade an easy task.—Liverpool Daily Post. STRANGE, IF TRUE.—Yesterday evening a young lad came to the General Hospital, and there gave informa. tion of a somewhat singulgr fact. He stated that when going into an omnibus running t o the Botanic Garden, he observed the finger of a person fastened about the handle of the 'bus. He took it fr m its place, wrapped it in a piece of paper, and gave it to the person in charge of the °whittle. The finger had upon it a ring, set with a stone, —Belfast Newt- Letter. [The same journal, in its issue of Friday, states that this singular affair has been explained. It says :—" gentleman from Newtownards was a passer get on the 'bus, and, in getting out, he caught hold of a part of the door, which took off his finger above the first joint, and upon it was a gold ring. The gentleman was so weak and faint that he left without informing any one of the accident, and ran to the establishment of Dr. Smith, Castle-place, where the wounded finger was dressed. He then proceeded by the first Train to his residence at Newtownards, and has not since returned to claim his property, finger included.] NOXIOUS VAPOURS.—Notwithstanding the very manifest evils produced by the vapours evolved in the manufactures we have named, to timber, orchards, farms, and property generally in the immediate vicinity, the law affords an exceedingly imperfect protection co the individuals whose property may be so injured, and doe s not provide at all for the compulsory control of the nuisance. With few exceptions, one of these manufactu res mi g ht be est Wished in the midst of any district, to the utter ruin of the neigh bouring property, and yet the holders of such property have scarcely a remedy. The legal processes for the recovery of damages are se doubtftil, the requirements of the law for the determination of the immediate source of the da mages so calculated to foil the object of a suit and cover the offender, and the result, if favourable, so incomtnensurate as a rule with the expenses and trouble involved in obtain* ing it, that the law - is to a great extent a dead letter. The entire object is one, therefore, imperatively calling for further legislation, more particularly as it is known that the noxious vapours given off in the manufacture of alkali and ammonia might be entirely prevented, without injury to the manufacturer —Social Science Review. REMARKABLE INSTANCE OF RECOVERY OF SIGHT. —ln that tiny looking-glass, the Opthalmoscope, the medi cal profession possess a precious agent in the cure of diseases of the eye. Ten years ago, before this invention enabled the surgeon to see into the whole of the interior of the eye, and thus to become visually acquainted with every feature of the disease, the metho's of treatment of the subtle and manifold forms of eye disease were necessarily most imperfect. We will give a recent instance of the great benefit which the Opthalmoscope is capable of conferring. A few days ago an aged woman brought her grandchild to the London Opthalmic Hospital to be treated for some affection of the eyes. The child was attended to, and the woman about to der art with it, when she said she supposed the gentlemen could not do anything for her eyes. She said that when about two years of age a fork had been run into her left eye, that cataract bad followed the injury, and she became blind in that eye. A country surgeon had operated on her for cataract, but the sight of the eye never returned. Mr. Wordsworth examined the eye by meanwof the. Opthalmoscope, and discovered that a little membrane obscuring the retina had not been removed at the original operation, and that its presence had caused the blindness. The old lady now submitted to have this o bstruction re moved, and she regained the precious sight of whieh she had been deprived for nearly 70 years. The restoration of vision was moat opportune, for, with advancing years, a cataract was forming in the right eye, which would have totally deprived her of sight in a month or two. TAPEWORM IN THE EYE. --The son of a shop keeper, residin in Berlin, having . c omplained that he c ou ld g not see so well as usual with one of his eyes, was conducted to the establishment of Dr. Graefe. On examining the patient, the doctor said it was lucky the child hod twEn promptly brought to him, for he declared that immediatell br hind the iris of the affected eye there was a tapeworml This :parasite, he added, would undoubtedly have soon taimpletely destroyed the organ of vision, in which it had taken up its quarters. The doctor said it was a w o nder that such cases were not more frequent. They arose, he observed, from eating underdone or uncooked meat, and most generally pork,—Lotter front Rorlitt, r1,1( -4 ..4:54 50 ,1 au ,•, 4 , 4. 0:--- 'i- I -C' 414 , • \ ,)' 1(c L A bit" --‘ 4 1 . • 31 t 1 '' '" ''!(if C ' ' '''_ '' :-- THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, SEPT. 22, 1862. FRANCE. BOURSE, Sept. 20.—The ascensional movement which began some days ago, continues. Threes, for the Account, opened at 69f. 5c., the closing price of yesterday, and are now at 69fr. 122 c. Railway Shares continue firm. The market closed as fol lows: It per Cents. 96 25 Do end month 3 per Cents Do. end month 69 20 New 3 per Cents Do. end month — Credit Mobilier 985 Do. end month 990 Bank Shares 3200 Credit k oncier 1230 Piedmontes( Fives 70 75 Italian Loan 7l 10 Roman Austrian Spani,h Threes — Home Debt . RA IL rAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans lO6O .. 1060 Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1178 75 .. 1180 Geneva 370 .. 370 Southern B5O .. 850 Western Eastern ... , ..... ~ •-, . Sardinian 365 .. .. 365 Austrian Lombard AUSTRIA. VIENNA, SEPT. 19. On the 17th instant the Grand Committee of Finaoce (it is composed of 48 persons) held a private sitting, during which the following draught of a " Financial Law for the year 1862, which is to be valid for the whole Empire," was made :-- " Art. I. The outlay for the administrative year 1862 is fixsci at 388,717,295f1. " Art. 11. By means of the existing direct and indirect taxes and other State revenues, the sum of 2 94,650,234fi. is covered. "Art. 111. Ihe sums granted for the different Ministe rial departments can only be expended in those depart ments. " Art. IV. The sums granted can only be spent for the purposes specified. " Art. V. Any moneys that may be saved are to be re turned to the State Exchequer. "Art. VI. The way in which the deficit of 94,066,961f1. is to be covered will be determined by means of a separate law, " Art. VII. The Minister of Finance is directed to carry out the present law." The words in italics were not to the taste of the Ministers Von Schmerling and Von Lasser, but the committee would not allow any change to be made in the draught. The schism in Germany is likely to be groater than ever, for the Austrian and South German Re formers are very much inclined to convoke an opposi tion " Vor parlament" at Frankfort-on-the-Maine. The attention of Austrian politicians is now forcibly directed to Prussia, and the general impression is, that the Cabinet will be obliged to yield to the Diet, which has the entire confidence of the greater part of the nation. THE OVERLAND MAIL. We have received Bombay papers to Aug. 27. The following is from the summary of the Times of India:— Sir C. Wood's long looked for despatch on the sub ject of our Waste Lands, the Redemption of the Land Tax, and the Permanent Settlement was made public yesterday. The steamer Salsette, with the English mail of the 4th Aug., arrived on the 25th inst. She left Euez ou the 13th, and Aden on the 20th instant. New political difficulties appear to be rising in Japan. In the opium swindle at Hongkong, Stanford, who signed certain fictitious receips, has been sen- tented to eight years' imprisonment. Assist.-Surg. M'Cloy, of the Bombay Medical Establishment, died of cholera at Kussarey, near Mehidpoor. Great progress is reported to have been made with the laying down of the Kurrachee and Per sian telegraph wire. The Government of India has directed that tele. graphic messages intended for the Chamber of Com merce shall have precedence of all others in trans mission and press messages over all other messages after them. It is stated that Mr. W. U. Arbuthnot will sue. ceed Mr. Laing as Financial Member of the Gover nor-General's Council. A widespread circulation of " chuppaties" in the Deccan, around Janina, Aurungabad, in Khandeish and the Mahratta country, is said to have been made. Baboo Ratnpersaad Roy B ahadur, Acting Legal Remembrancer of the Sudder Court of Calcutta, First Government Pleader, and a member of the Bengal Council, died on the Ist inst. A terrible exposure of the mismanagement of the Bombay Steam Navigat:on Company 'vas made at the meeting of the shareholders on the 19th inst. The affairs of the company will, in all pro. bability, be wound up at the next meeting. The sentence of death passed by the Sessions Judge of Cawnpore on Pandoorung Rao, alias Rao Sahib, has been confirmed. The Supreme Court of Madras ceased to exist on the 15th inst., by announcement in the Gazette of the establishment of the H gh Court. Mr. Munguidass Nothoobhoy, an opulent local banker, has made an offer to Government to fund 20,000 rupees for the purpose of establishing a tra velling fellowship in connection with the University of Bombay, to be held for three years. The Columbus, of 760 tons, bound to Singapore, commalided by an Arab, went to pieces near Rut nagherry on the 15th inst. She had a crew of 40 men and 230 passengers, principally Malay pil grims ; upwards of a hundred lives were lost. Sir 13. Frere held a durbar of native chiefs and gentlemen on the 20th inst., at Government House, DapooreP. The attendance was large. The Dora, of 850 tons, and Coleroon, of 696 tons, have been taken up for the conveyance of troops to China. Eight hundred men of the 2d Belooch and 29th Regiment have arrived from Kurrachee and will proceed to China. Major A. R. Thornhill has been appointed to officiate temporarily as Resident at Hyderabad. The Ameer Dost Mahomed is reported to be at Farrah completing his arrangements for an advance on Heerat : it is surmised that Sultan Ahmed Jan will surrender. A number of men formerly belonging to the Bengal Sepoy Army have been taken in the pro tected state of Munipore fighting against the Rajah whom the English Government supported. The police trial of Captain Similes, of the 6th Dragoons, is still going on. Mr. Tonle announces his benefit for the 2d of October. Sadler's Wells Theatre opens with a melodrama by Faucquez for the season, tinder the joint management of Miss Lucette and Mr. Morton Price, on Saturday next, the 27th inst. Mr. Creswick, so long the attraction of the Surrey Theatre, is about to retire from the management. He announces his farewell benefit for next Thursday. SINGULAR DEATH FROM PASSION.-0a Saturday afternoon, Dr. Lankester held an inquest at the Edinburgh Castle, Caledonian-road, Islington, on the body of John Day, a painter, aged 69, residing at4o, Sweeting-street. A man called at the house and demanded payment of a sum of money. An altercation took place. The deceased fell into a violent passion, and as they were preparing to fight, the unfortunate man fell on the ground insensible, and tefore Dr. Smith, of Calcdonian-road, who was sent for, could ar rive he was dead. A post-mortem examination proved the cause of death to be the rupture of a blood vessel, and a Terdict to that effect Wad recorded. 7HE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. Again the past week shows a most decided fall ing off in the numbers of visitors as compared with those for the same period in 1851. This is the fifth week during which the balance has been against the present Exhibition, though on this occasion the diminution of numbers is greater than the diminu tion of the whole previous four weeks put together —lB5l having a clear surplus of more than 40,000. The returns on the two occasions are as follows :- 1851. 1862. Monday (Is.) . Tuesday (18,) Wednesday (ls ) .. 53,767 47,866 Thursday (Is.) 58.600 47,415 Friday (2s. 6d.) Saturday (2s. 6d.) 17,366 17,421 Total 273,330 236,421 A great deal of this falling off is undoubtedly due to the announcement that the time for the closing has been extended beyond the perild generally an ticipated, and of course that portion of the public which has not yet visited South Kensington takes advantage of the days of grace to put off still later their intended inspection. This is taking the most favourable view of the case, as an important mino rity maintain that the building has already seen its best days, and that, with the advance of bad autumn weather, the decrease of the daily receipts is likely to become more painfully apparent as each week of the autumn droops coldly away. Now that the time of closing has been fixed, the next great topic of interest to be decided on is the fate of the building itself. Upon this point, however, curiosity is likely t 3 remain ungratified for some considerable time, as it is not at all probable that any decision will be made public much before the close of the present year. Of course, this will be done by private arrangement, and will, if suc cessful, entirely result from the public-spirited efforts of a few persons, who are anxious that a building so admirably adapted to serve the pur poses of a great public museum sLould not be causelessly destroyed. The learned assailants of the fr g in the coal will, we think, learn with satisfaction that this fertile source of ridicule upon the scientific know ledge of our Exhibition authorities no longer exists, inasmuch as the little reptile himself ceased to exist on Friday last. Whether he died from old age, which if there was an atom of truth in the account of his finding would be most likely, or whether, being a common field frog, accustomed to air and exercise, he died from his confinement in a bottle, is not stated. Dead, however, he is, and unless some other enterpri sing coalowner sends up a live pony or a man as having been dug out of his seams the open court of the Eastern Annexe will lose all favour in the eyes of country visitors. CIRCULAR OF THE ITALIAN GOVERN MINT ON TILE ROMAN QUESTION. The following is the text of General Durando's circular note to the Italian representatives abroad : TURIN, SEPTEMBER 10. Sir,—The attitude taken by the King's government since the attempt of Sarnico afforded ground for belief that Ge neral Garibaldi would thenceforward renounce enterprises incompatible with established order and of a nature to com promise Italy in its relation with foreign governments. This expectation has been frustrated. Led astray by sen timents which respect for law and a juster appreciation of the state of things ought to have restrained, and top ac cessible to the incitements of the sect better known by its victims than its successes, he did not quail before the prospect of civil war, and wished to make him self the arbiter of the alliances and destinies of Italy. By favour of the recollections left in Sicily by the events of 1860, he was enabled to assemble in tha, i,land some bodies of volunteers, but the populations, divided between the sympathy which a claiming (revendication) of Rome coull not fail to awaken within them. and regret at seeing this claim assume the character of a revolt, did not see him pass through their midst without uneasiness and sadness. The Parliament disapproved of his proceedings, and the King himself, whose name he never ceased to invoke, called upon him to submit to the laws. All was useless. Ho traversed Sicily, and entered Catania. everywhere find ing a welcome lull of salutary warning, wnich, however, he could not understand. From Catania he at length passed over to the mainland with 3,000 men, thus compelling the King's government to order an immediate and complete suppression of his proceedings. It was then that, met by a detachment of the royal army, he was taken with his adherents. The facts that I have just briefly recapitulated will leave no other trace among ns than a painful recollection. The harmony of the public mind, founded upon 3 unani mous attachment' to exalted principles, could not be troubled. These facts have, however, a significance which you will point out to the government to which you are accredited. They are a testimony of the political ma turity of those populations whose freedom dates from yesterday; of the desire of Italy to see its destinies ac • complished by regular means, and of the indissoluble ties which unite the nation of the coLstitutional monarchy, the supreme expression of the will of the country. They afford, besides, fresh proof of the fidelity and disci pline of the army, the constant and safe guardian of the national independence. The European Cabinets must n.. 4, however, misunderstand the true meaning of events. Law has carried the day, but it must be admitted that the watch word of the if olunteers was this time the expression of a want more imperative than ever. The whole nation claims the capital; it has only lately resisted theinconsiderate im pulse of Garibaldi, because convinced the King's Govern ment would be able to accomplish the mandate which it has received from Parliament respecting Rome. The pro blem may have changed its aspect, but the urgency of a solution only becomes more cogent. In presence of the shocks, daily becoming more and more serious, which recur in the Peninsula, the powers will comprehend that - Italy has made a supreme and final effort in treating as an enemy a man who had rendered such signal services, and upheld a principle which exists in the mind of all Italians. They will feel that the Italians, in seconding the Sovereign without hesitation in the crisis which has just been passed, understood how to unite all their strength around the legitimate representative of their rights, in order that entia justice may be at length ren dered them. Atter this vi ctor y , obtained in some sort over herself, Italy no longer needs to prove that her cause is that of European order. It has been sufficiently shown what sacrifices she is capable of making, in order to keep her engagements, and Europe is notably aware that she will keep those she has undertaken, and which she is still ready to undertake relative to the liberty of the Holy Bee. Henceforth, the powers ought, therefore, to assist us in dissipating the prejudices which still exist to prevent Italy from finding rest and reassuring Europe. The Catho lic nations, and above all France, who has so constantly laboured in the world in defence of the interests of the Church, will recognise the danger of any longer maintain ing an antagonism between Italy and the Papacy—the sole cause of which is to be found in the temporal power, and of tiring out the spirit of moderation and conciliation with which the Italian people have hitherto shown themselves nuimat d, Such a state of things is no longer tenable, and would end by entailing extreme consequences upon the G L ;vernment of the ing, the responsibility of which could not weigh` on us alone, al d would seriously compromise the religious inteiests of Catholicism and the tranquillity of Europe. * * * * Receive, &c. (signed) DURAND°. The Brussels Independance of Pe:idaY says : Rumous, the echo of which come to us from Paris, begin to credit the Italian Government with some faint desire for energy. It is asserted that the Kattazzia Mini• stry is preparing a series of important measures in order to put France in a position to evacuate Rome. The Chain. hers will be shortly convoked, in order to vote with urgency two bills—one decreeing that every Roman citizen shall have the right to claim the position of a subject of the King of Italy ; the other having for its object the admis sion of Roman deputies to the Italian Parliament. The presentation of these measures will be preceded by an ex plicatory and justificative note, addressed first to the French Government, and then to the other European Cabinets. Count de Paris and the Duke de Cbartres, after visiting Liege, Namur, and the field of Waterloo, arrived in Brussels the evening before last, and were ct,nducted to the Palace by d'Oultrement, orderly officer to the Duke de Brabant. The Duke and Duchess were at the Theatre de la Monnaie at the time, but the Duke, on learning the ar rival of his relatives, went to the Palace and returned with them to join the Duchess at the theatre. The next morn ing Count de Paris and the Duke de Char tres visited the King at Laeken, and breakfasted there. The Union says :--" Every one knows by ex perience that the prices of articles of food have increased in a considerable proportion during the last few years. The following statistics show one cd the principal causes of that excessive dearness :—Between the 20th September, 1861, and 31st August, 1862, ware exported to England 9,200,000 pounds of fresh table fruit ; 3,000,0 0 pounds of dried or preserved fruit; 2,400,000 pounds of nuts and almonds 1,012,000 pounds of fresh vegetables; 2,000,000 of dried vegetables; 14,200,000 of potatoes; 2,600,800 of fresh salt butter ; 5,000,000 pounds' weight of eggs ; 270,000 pounds of poultry ; and 24,000 of sweetmeats. Together more than 40,000,000 pounds of provisions," THE GLASGOW MURDER. The trial of Jessie M'Lach'an, for the murder of Jessie M'Pherson, was commenced at Glasgow on Wednesday, before Lord Deas. It will be remembered that on Monday afternoon, the 7th July, it was discovered that Jessie M‘Pherson. aged 38, servant to Mr. John Fleming, accoun tent, residing at 17, Sandyford-place, Glasgow, had been cruelly murdered. The family were living at Dunoon at the time, and the male portion of the household, with one exception, had gone down on the previous Friday afternoon to join the other part of the family, leaving old Mr. Flem ing and the deceased (Jessie M•Pherson) alone in the house. At four o'clock on Saturday morning Mr. F err ing heard sounds proceeding from the sunk flat ; butr thinking there was nothing wrong, he paid no attention to it. The deceased was not afterwards seen alive; and on Monday afternoon, when Mr. John Fleming came home/ search was made, and her body was found, fearfully man gled, with several deep gashes on the head, lying in her own bed-room, the floor of which was covered with gore• Immediately the most energetic and patient investigation was mute into the whole circumstances of the ease. Little light, however, was cast upon it for several days. There had been some money and silver plate taken from the house on the night of the murder, and this Ras foiled the following Wednesday forenoon in a pawn office in East Ciyde-street, where it had been pledged admittedly by the prisoner M'Lachlan, who was apprehended in her lodgings on the Sunday folbwing. Some days after, clothing belonging to the deceased, after several journeys by rail, was given up to the authorities by tl:e prisoner's husband ; at.d subsequently bloody rags were found at Hamilton, which are supposed to have belonged to the prisoner M'Lachlan. After three examinations before the sheriff, the prisoner was committed for trial on a charge of murder and theft. The prisoner, Jessie M'Lachlan, lef t her home at Inverness about rake years ago, and came to Glasgow, where she got employment as a domestic servant. Atter having filled several situations she entered the service of Mr. John Fleming, Sandyford-place, with whose family she remained for several years. It was at this period that she made the acquaietance of the deceased, Jessie M'Pher son, with whom she was then a fellow servant. The two servants agreed admirably together; indeed much more so than usual. The prisoner left that place about four or five years ago, being married ou of the house to J. M‘Lachlant who is a native of Greenock. She is described by these who have known her best as a woman of unblemished re putation—even of a religious turn of mind, and especially as a person of quiet and reserved disposition. Old Mr. Fleming had remained in the house from Saturday morning till Monday evening without taking any notice of the ab sence of the deceased, notwithstanding the screams be had heard, and he was consequently the first person suspected of the crime. He was apprehended on the charge, but vise afterwards liberated. Several witnesses were examined on Wednesday, among whom was old Mr. Fleming, who wee in the witness box for two hours. He steadfastly declared that no thought of foul play ever entered his head. Ue thought the deceased had gone to visit some of her friends. At nine o'clock in the evening the trial was adjourned. The trial was resumed on the following day. Several witnesses were examined, and various articles of the prisoner's clothing identified. Evidence was also given as to the despatch of the box to Hamilton, and the prisoner's proceeding there. lhe trial was again adjourned. On Friday the evidence was against the prisoner, although not to a very great extent, and yet exculpatory of old Mr. Fleming. Dr. M'Leod, however, gave evidence to the effect that some bloody footprints on the floor of the woman's bed room were not made by the deceased, nor old Fleming, but might have been made by the prisoner, which had been 0" amined. It was also proved that the prisoner had been requirieg money immediately prior to the time of the murder, and that she was than in debt, but that she paid the day after the murder several debts, such as would account for the money she had got for the silver plate. This concluded the case for the prosecution. Mr. Clark then objected to the three declarations made by the prisoner being put in and read. Lord Deas overruled these objections, and the declarations were accordingly read. The first was the most important , and, after entering into particulars with which the public are already familiar—as her name, age, occupat on before marriage, and the name of her husband--stated that 8 138 last saw the deceased in her (M'Lachlan's) house in Broomie" law, cn the 28th of June last. She was not in or near Mr• Fleming's house, in Sa•"dyford-place, on Friday, the 4th, or morning of Saturday, the sth of July, and was not in all way concerned with the murder or theft. She was in he r own house the whole day, till about seven at night, an d after going out twice returned finally about a quarter-pas t eleven p.m., letting herself in by a check lock. She wept to bed, and rose about eight next morning, her little sr.n sleeping with her. She admitted having the plate, but said she got it from Mr. Fleming, who told her not t o tell what she had done for him. At the usual hour, the proceedings were once more ad• journed. THE VERDICT. GLASGOW, SATURDAY, 3 P M —Lord Deas concluded his charge to the jury at a quarter past two o'clock. Th e jury then retired, and after an absence of twenty minutes returned the verdict of guilty. His lordship, with the usual formalities, then pronounced sentence of death. FUR7HE.R SPREAD OF THE SMALLPO. IN SHEEP. (From the _Devizes Gazette.) The continued spread of this unfortunate and virule° malady, in a way which bids defiance not only to the laws of contagion, but every theory which the most scientific among our veterinary professors have laid down, is a mat' ter which demands the immediate attention of all floe' masters; and far their own preservation we hope that, be' fore another week has passed, there will not be an owne r of sheep in the county of Wilts who will not have enrolled his name as a member of the association which has Pet been organised by the leading flockmasters in the cou nt) ; " for preventing the spread of small-pox in sheep affording compensation to those who may sustain lease" from that special disease." On Saturday evening, rumours were rife concerning t; number of separate outbreaks, and on Monday morning v 7e heard that Professor Gamgee (who is still exerting himself in t• is Deighbourhood) was on his way i .to Berkshire, go was, however,, soon stopped on his road to inspect the flock of Mr. I. Dal+, at Avebury, where two cases of confluent small-pox in the early stage had exhibited themselves. One of the affected sheep had, it appeared, been seen ailing as far back as Tuesday the 9th inst., but had not been sepa rated until the day previous to Mr. Garogee's visit. There is therefore great reason to fear that the disease will s pread among Mr Dark's flock (which consists of between 300 a nd 400), although every care is now being taken to carry out the system of separation which has proved so benefic;a l Church's the hFur e ro a cn a s h : so Avebury, at M A r i id b G o i t t d rnd Professorin e, g w s' h fl e t r k at Horton. ewe have been seized. Mr. Church is venting the further spread of the disease, but owes hie continued misfortunes io one of those "mild" cases imese very or w e e lnaatmc on n v s e a t i n o n d :e r n: are so much to be dreaded—we mean oue of those cases 41 which an animal passes through every stage of the disease unobserved, and so infects a considerable number of animals without being detected. It will be remembered, from what has previously appear ed in our paper, that Mr. Church had sold 100 lambs at Ils fair; lel out disease in his flock was not recognised until a fortnigh . after this, though it appears that the shepherd had observed a lamb ailing on its return from the fair. Thes e 1001ambe of Mr. Church's had been purchased by Mr. gulp ber , of Langley Farm, Becks; and Mr. Hulbert, unfortty nately, not knowing the symptoms of small-pox, suffered several animals to die unheeded amongst his flock of betwe en three and fur hundred lambs. The destruction ensued may therefore be well imagined. Professor Gamge e t on his vLit to Langley Farm on Tuesday, saw twelve cases , and many more were separated inunediately afterwards. Of Mr. Lou,eley's conduct we cannot speak too highly' He has afforded every information to Professor Garage" and thus all the sheep which Mr. Louseley purchased at Marlborough Fair on the 22nd of August have been traced. It appears that he purchased 260 lambs of Mr. S' 99 of Mr. Cundell, of Manto n ; 80 of Mr. T. P. Br( 1.714 Neate, of Allcannings ; 100 o f Mr. Wilks, of Baydon ; of Burderop , 7 0 of Mr. Lo oker, of Folly Farm, m ark borough; and 37 of Mr. Brown , of Uffeott. Of these lir. Neate's 250 were returned on the following day, and ellt bited the disease within two days after their arrival 5' Allcannings ; 150 were taken to West Hagbourn (M r ` Lowelty'e farm); 99 were placed at Mr: Hutchins's g"" Harwei; and 137 at Mr. Bettridge's at Streatley. 11/ ,, a stock which had been mixed with Mr. Neate's infec ts "' lambs were, the: afore, it will be seen, separated into three lots, and have since been carefully watched and kept clea r o f all other animals. B y t hese means a great deal ( anxiety, if not of loss, has been saved to the Berkshire tar. mere. It is due, too, to Professor Gamgee to say that itis to his aotivity and energy that a great deal has been brought to light which would probably never have bee' known until immense mischief had been caused. It ~,,1 14 through his instrumentality th a t t h e pu bli c h a ve br'i made aware of the exi s t ence o f t h e di sease at Stanton, and'- it was a bold determination on his part to have the bodle: of two animals which had been buried with the small-Pet upon tLem on Mr. Simpkit,s' farm exhumed, that brotighig the fact unnsis akeably out, and led to the return of a ape of lambs (although free from disease), which Mr. Sl eiP kins had sold at Wilton fair on Friday lost. THE COTTON FAMINE AND THE SHIPPING TRAPS,: —The chairman of the Mersey Dock Board, at the vireet;Ti meeting on Thursday, stated that the surplus inceni°eo the estate for the year ending Juno 24 , amounted to 03.' The imports from the United States showed a decrease °a no less than 1,85 0 , 000 b ales of cotton alone , as nemPsf e e w with the previous year , and the estate had c onsequell" lost about £lOO,OOO in dues which they would ha ve r e f ceived from ships and from cotton itself, to say not hing the export dues on the same cotton when spun into yarr i cloth. The surplus income had chiefly arisen from the ca . "' trade. -