The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1822-02-12 00:00:00

• • .vot • • • ••.< - • • •• ire - • v- .1 ` •••- • - • • • •ilth the NAM.. Lord oppntlte sepriALle, must of them stemts dt . 141.11/1 iv hear any vioolvey *kirk could be offered Twr ool.at evvol.i not It. joatulle.l, and some of them partners la ollicr. and sharing w t 1... grin. of .the system with tots illeuiselves—so 11141 he took tire si•lieors , vtio of that Committee se rovrocrions; mintioisiont relowtsoily Reed t those, all 'whose iuteresta and rossioul would oppose th r"' r•"Y "flirt , W. I. .....o , 4l.earitgliParliekl.9 eXVCW . i! tore . Mo w Is wag a timinevltable far; Ono nrite trati4- ‘413 , sad iter•orleu.ses• whielo these largesse's Mal beet) •pplicil to the public service. The Use. soul Learreedliimet, lite« tittided••••••••MA.em.= tee ot 1817, staling that they had learned that in whatever Amu Idioms •.11.1 repairs had been tinilivtiakeil or tate is led at hew hod abroad, the nubile had bees, 111 ey little protected legalese one e in the irli.sree requited for the saute—that sometimes they had been commenced without any general plan buying Imes made out pc. *mealy. and ainueormes on the rteuse- tnes.larm.ir. or reports of anlitury offirent. Nu clove ON eltirneszistice, said Mr. Pruagh.ini, ON general estimate *Os' • milted and scruiiiimerlbeforeleand—hut sit expense adep4r hoe itself to the opeotog .viewo, soot of the 4auvertintapi s ot of the I'veliamero, but of toe disiumffestrd minis of the very 'reroute e:larged with the ciec•tiost of the works, mud desiring the greatest prtvale advantaxe horn their (Ter,- Voir, Mid the magnitude of Hine chile.—(Hear, hear ) - He fiveu instanced so CUlettll:SelliiON of SINS uporion the mode of erecting the lines at Chatham and the fortresses at Colon'. tar. Thi• .1/dente:it coiling Troia that Votutnittec was a more spiking, awful lemma of warning to the house Mau tf a man spoke fur half a century, areeed with the powers of no morel. Here were the •ppiouteen nod frimsda of the Vintsters thrmoives recording their open.n of the little attention to economy, ofahe 1111141 Staid of pleeriution in this branch of the outgoings of the Stale, coriong back and migniatiming the system waidr hail hero perm• vnced Is, fir a quarter of a oratory f. mid from the obule of their deetaratiou the linage was to.d.aw tins siractical in. ferrence—bemme how rat. persist Ws the ronme which has kieeo heretofore s;.iMurol! IT the whole .spies calculated to be required fur ally of obese smoke bad tWoire . p.eviously sob milted to the House, it vomlil bane lied ap upportuoil_y of going tutu the exvinioation of three Important putehy: First, as to the aceurity to be afiitirerl iv them work, in frontal: second, Wbeibei tlipaillettirr works its question were of the nature tbey proteestell to be : thirdly, As to the value te r ohjeetscippluireir wig' the r:usotiiy of moue, they coat, and lathe eg,rota Aio,e4otrivatitits' the prolishility of their ever ht.s% bWinibl 11 410.8.411 e•gilellet of any glaciation attic enemy. The eiatersa hthlXs& ' the effect of keeping the House in %vtsl tiomeararreistiftimtmal charge of these works, sod is sotroeliVitifers in iiecepotof it bad not been kept vim. as Hoe 111;trd,sif Otaltosoce.to Alt. 11rue:bison then proceeded ike cite.frofq the n teaftrotew ea., wherein the Committee .;pre theta chielicsber a is; &retire, of the carrot soy ought In he reeled neen•Oh.olt 1 6 7 . f mtificationa raised by art, as on the parrielhor and Nose of the people. Tim remit of all the atateinenta of Me Committee on this Lead he contend: d was, " these worts ;cocci:dirt on r• *moire principle none Such ought to have bees allowed, but if any were, they ought not to have been of this kind; site . trieo j Sle Nas.bad, but the execution worse;' suit came the wattling: "If you, the House of Coromotor, hod done your dirty, if at the time these buthloigi were prommed, you had insisted on aretag the esteroatra b. foie *olio( the money of the people, .as men of prudence, as mew of houtsty would have &of; then never would the public money have been wasted to such en extent." For tow, es the authority of the Committne t be might use that lam. Armee. The mew taken from the pockets of the people dar ing the three years he had alreadymeatiooed, almost dried imagination. When Mr. Pitt established the fiinkiug Food, the national debt was only two hundred and forty mitl.ons, or *ore correctly, two hundred mod thirty-eight ; so that the tomer of the country during those yeata was au vast, that 'With it low could pay off the o hole of the 'immoral di hi at the esmovescemeht of the rear with France.—Peace came oirhap. pity. Hr meant to contend au, inasmuch as it came without le lusting its imam' concomitant, a reduction of (elation. Peace came after the country was utterly exhausted—after it wee drained of its tesources—after such MI unusual, auth au earintioal quantity of expenditure as baffled all eaplanation as to its course and results—after a monstrous derangement stir sea currency, a large chapter which he did not yet touch. After t h is period of war closed, it was moat naturally to be **peeled that the hydrae of the country would be lightened; bet it was astouislitnis, when they came a the Finance Re turns, hose little change was made is, this respect. In treat. tag this part of ibe subject, be begged the House to recol lect that he did not now take into consideration the effect of the change in owe currency. The whole 'barge fur the last year, the sixth year of pence, was about seventy-five mil. lions; that of the yeor 1806, when we were in the midst of war, was seventy-Moe millions and a half, being a relief of only four orillious and a half. If we compared it with 'that of 1894, the second year of war, moll usually the most en prosier, we would find it wily severity-six millions, so that the expenditure of the lag year was but one ma lion les* Ohm at that period, eertaiuly the country pewee was ill such circumstances before. After some oh embetious on the revenue of 'hie year, which escaped oar atterliou, be observed that the increase nu the revenue vf Ireland fur this year, held out by no messes so flatter ing a prospect as the Right Honourable Gentleman seemed so shish. If we compared it wills the year 1820, it shooed arise of about 500,0001. but then it was 500,0001.1ns this in 11400. The revenue fur 1818, was four reillierne and a half; for 11121), three millions and a half; and a 'Victim, above four milhuus fur 1821. Adding the expenses of collecting and managing the revenue—('` And of protecting," observed the Chancellor of Eachequer)—tee, certainly,and of protecting the revenue. The revenue this year was one mullion enure (supposing the en - reney reactly the sane) than in 11 4 06, and the reecho. of the last year steady the same es in 1806. Su that in the mmli year of peace we were reduced to the necessity of allow. tog that there wits draioedfrom the pockets of the impoverish rd people more than was drawn from then, during the secured, Hard, or fourtlayear of the • sr. This calculation, ii needed nut 'ao he ea/led • catiulition, it was a plait' fact, in no degree depended on the currency, and 'he entreated the altruism' of the House to that most important consideration. It was • gross absurdity in argument, and a gross iirjastice to speak of brimming back she currency to what it was in 1797 ; more properly it shoold be said, aldit we might departed from the original standard. The depreciation 'did rot begin to be perceived for the first two or three years. It oar only lii the year 1800 that it as plainly_ perceptible, aid that• the effect of it on our morreacy, our exclurogr dad our commerce, could be distinctly calculated. He stioul.f not auvatece any celestial'', whist, was mot eon . Jimrsed by Hie authority of the two inliton Committees. In ;$l l O tie Idiot mice of gold was 31. 18.. or soar. •ccuiately .. "11L Ifl l. per ounce. The market price was if. bs. which Mlthied a depreciation of sloe per cent. Ruinous these de. "priefittioas were; these last were so Omit in tore year sa so 'llierount to 30 per Cent. He said this, notwithstanding it Mae iii she presence of lbe•Chancellor of the Exchequer, also prevailed upon the House in 1811, to vote that a Rank 'nate was boa leas valuable limo sham it ever was, and that 'gold bad the same mistime to paper as at any time. H. Mimi stating now otai no well regulating government ever permitted to animist for one year, hut which some of us lout a pride ill 'keeping up fur ten or eleven yeas. In the pats 11111 and lift , the Inmate' price of gold •as4f. 19.. 21d. midair', teethe average of the whole two year's, a &permit. tints of 27 in Illeefiuudeed. Is Mae years the revenue was 711;590,000/ and if we worb to ascertain boa much I hat sum ainnuisted to in. reel merlin' gold, fur she purpose of neeertareing what . 111 e people really paid, accordiog so a certain smatters'. fur the 'impose of comparing thm• Owls what they realty paM its Hie year 1821, it was uecee.' l eery to diminish it in proportion of 'noisy-seven aud• • half to oue hundred, sod to deduct so that extent 'them the whole. The result would sheer !bat is 1811. or 1812, the people actually paid lers by seven or eight mill than iu the last year. The autos to mow paying its pounds, shilling., said pence, on an average between seven . .and eight millions more than in ibe years 1611 and 1812. 'For his a.gumeus it would serve to take gold much cheaper, awl aupposiug the market price of it to be 41. 19e. that would induce a depreciation of 17 per caul. ; and the ' eveenty-three and a half millions beteg reduced in that ratio, I wewuuhi sow have lo pay one million more of rroverelgue ' ter guinea • thee Ip those year* of the car. He ass cut row 'penal of the lightest year of the war; on the cue. ' tray, during that he bad pitched upon, war was room -Tower Nay pact Of ILairope ; the elitists Hass coital': them ~': ~~ r _....._...,••.-_..... 1 ! 1111 " - '''T • • .;• - t - 1 - nadir with fleets which revered every sea, and salasirnes which were received at every Court, were till then nem. . /lOWA ; wither were we free from disagreements and dia. I lemma at home. He had no objection to take the mat esteem. ' Vivo yammer the contest , the years 1613 , 1814, d 1815,those Imud years of most incsalin tic expendithee, those which had hies ; moat evidently alluded to by the Fioanre Committee. Would 1 the House think that its this very year,at this very mum ut,es much in taxes was wrttng from us as ha lhOse yeses, for 1 the value tapper at that period wits to lie measured by what 1 the price of gold then was? It had then attained a price to the liserleet of fol peramice, involving a depreciation of Ilse eurrecre of 281 per oast.; anu if we reduced the no- Ini•al revenue of these years 811' Millions in that ratio, it would he ueeessary to deduct from it arcuty.three mil limn sad a half, which would Icing the. terecnc for the average 4 these years to •isaraine millions. at-par, which eras rums sly the sons that Orr Chancellor of the Exchequer pm now hematite he raised at the rummy. No asaw could ' aseue that the proceedings of the Committer of IBto, were -tier meta came of the chaser in prices which bad sines taken ghee! but me !Ertel was ourleniahle, that theaterket price 4 mild basing been then 41. Is , there was slava deprecia tiun ii. our esstreney at the same period of six tad one-third ,wer rent. Their ceterntious took away thet depreciation, and we.re, I herefore,fairlycharieshle with producing a rise of taxation to the arnowit of hearty 4,000,00 W. and this Stilt pre. seeding that they were going tn raise 1 betbaes,athea tlwayweold nut my 11tat, they were going to raise them ; for, uthearsUees to tell, this was the very time iss which M in istera,supposted by the Howie, imposed three minimal inure taxes on you who be. fare lay, crushed to the earth —(Hear, hear !I—Tbsty did all w ilds too in the dark, uncertain where or how deep the blow wonIJ strike, for though a person might elan predict that it would he attended with a role of taxation, yet no Mad could say lota much the increase would 1 r ;, yet that was the very time In add theta minima ,mitre to the !Withal' burdens, as if so /intense of few were nil enough. Ile wished the •.4Pouse to keep constantly is vie* (het he was proreeablig without any etfermsee to those points in which he 'trim unfortunate 'easpugle to differ front many must reapectableAlatiemen, of .)50, some had been Members of that Combaitice. The flows would beer in miud this nearly four without' of taxes ball ftems laid on the couture iu consequence of the &Praia ' tiros of the comay of former years ham; beta removed, . thaugh the amount was nominally the same. Ile was aware th4t • ifaf fence vropinto? existed as to the effects of taxation. tie Arnold nut slap to examine the strange doctrines which i• had brie held uu the subject . ; some of than refuted them ochres. Dial, in' the lest place, he thonebt it clear that a 'reel expeudituie tat the capital of a emautry by a covntry, lad the necessm - y effect deeming prices, •nd that net more denim the lime the expenditure was gning on than after wee& ; because when &government spent flame large sums • Of money, it either tuck them from the anearne or the 'retinas. 'haled capital of the country. If from the income, it prevented the accout:alien of new capital, and therefore destroyed ea pitch to that mamma': he elnl not mean a physical destruction, some of it yet remained ; but, at any rate, it was a great de• sauci ion. The consequence alibis was, that the capital which remained being diminished, the pi ofits•uf that capital were pro,ortionably increased. For it Isis a rule as old as poli tical economy in Europe, and ethieh hardly required de ?monstration, that the profits of stock are greeter or leas in the i proportion of the amount of stock. Gorse. *pettily she diminution of the capital stuck of a country had the immediate effect of rAisiisc priers. Those who regarded taxation must favourably would he obliged,he doubted whether Ibis very guardian angel of taxation—(4 laugh)---nrouldnnt be obliged to admit that if a tax were inips , ed on a people, the people were injured in proportion to the amount of that tax - . Bot there was another 'effect of taxation which operated more than any other, and to It be requested the particular attention of the Huu-s. When a tax nag kid on I certriirs commodity, the peritou who used that commodity in his trade as bound either to increase his capital or diminish his treesaatiods. To effect the former a larger 'capital was re !mired Ifs meltiter, instead of a duty of 10, 61. a quartet nn malt, were obliged to pay successively 12s. 18s. and 345. a bushel, as be did in the war, though it now stood at 285., the consequence of his paying Ills. instead of 10e. OJ. nould be, that be must enlarge Isis capital to carry nn the same trade. And what was the enosequenee of that' The necessary rousequente most be as excludosi from trade df smaller capitals, the larger capitals would be better off, bur the public would not be better i.fr, fie the competition ailsinZ from small capitals would be taken away, winch wit the only check ria the exorbitant mai, it the lane. Here wee a steady effect of is :casing taxation ill raising rices; , and he recollected that wherever Tallithim)l thought of taking off a heary•tax, r... Ins!anre, that on leather, petitions 'lowed in from iatdirldnals oho deprecated such a measure. " Depend on it," said they, .. is a ill be injurious." The ap plicants against this particular tax were the farmer*, the small tanners, and small dialers in leither—the opposite party was the large tanners mid dealers, wise did nut care one farthing fur the otters; nay, not only dad nut care for them, but were intereated in destroying their dealings; and he believed if ill such counter-petitions eee looked auto, gluey would he fonnd to come not from cousumera, hut produces. Another drat of taxes was, if possible, still more pernicious: they raised prices and dinriniehed coo. sumptiun, not merely lu the retie of the sum levied and paid to the Mate, but In a meth greeter one, for each person on whom the las was laid rustle the consumer pay out only what was raised front hinnelffor the Government, hut some thoug more; the consumer paid not only alukt Went into the public Treasury, hot what (hi produces lost by ineressim his capital, and the dimiuutioo of the demand. This held, whatever number of hands the article passed through before beam purchased, and in a greater degree. The tax west on Iva 'permeatesl progression, invonsuch, that when the &e -lide reached the consumer, be very frequently could not tell what the Government required of the price. It them appear. ed bow taxation operated, not only in what was taker' out of the palm!, of the people tribe thrown into the Treasury, bat when they saw moat more taken from the people than Goverommit ever got. So that suppose a landh o lder, .hen taxes were mile righters millions, lived comfortably on tea thousand pounds a year, that would fall very short when he waeobliged to pay his proportion of 80 minima, flot there were other items of charge which affected him in ealeulably move. First, be suffers na•re at a canninatre, neat as • praiducer,beeanse the expense of cultivating his laud is advanced epos him. It was ahead In mention the quan lily of /notary takes from him and paid to the Grarnment as the ineserre of his loss, because his income was most sensibly diminished in two other ways; be pawl mach more as a consumer, he received much less as a grower. In his view the premaire of taxation was to be emanated by the gross tweamite of its brothel upon all, and out by its difference of - ream. oa different Maras. Nevertheless the firmer was the perms on whom the retinae fell with the greatest weight. Of those ientivithsals who had lowered their rents, betentlel out bat speak with the greatest respect ; their mo tive. were vomit humane and laudable-rat at the same time he could not but record their experiment as a most inadequate remedy for the evil. The farmer complained That has wheat bad fallew ?As. a qaarter; but Ire would take it at 10s. a quarter, and talcum the produce of an acre to he three warners, he complateed of a fall in the price of his wheat of 304. an mire. Whist remedy is afforded to a man in this situation bye lowerinethis resat? His whole rent, • taking a •gesseral average, was ant 30s. an are. His landlord offered a reduction of 20. 25, or 30 per cent. mad was much surmised that the farmer was soot satisfied; bat Joe surprise wootd cease if he red, cred that the cause of his reamplaint amounted to 120 or 13', per cent. He did say - sitbat.lb or 30 per tett. was too moth hie the landlord to give, ' .bat it was ma relief to the teems,. Hr VernitalDelided a fell • es t NM, if any fall, proportioned to the circumstances mitenteh tenant. If they could find oat any means by . rarbieh they could diminish the price of cultivation 30s. ram acre, that would he a more true relief than by endeavour . timg to keep op the price of prodwee, nr lowering rents. ors laberhalasee of ereellllll4 it tame to exactly the same thing marifiengrer alma were tumid to raise the price of Ilse arm miraiihoy y allniag that he iieid to be impuesmie, ma if it were unable weald bc &eat it advisable. The Legislature imam Aims back gave what was ennaidered in those days a •Isie 4entulserairsig price, and property did so, bi cause the - lose for kmerirg the coal of production was (hen OMNI. not let slims; aver think of raising the minimal ,prea• It was hardly • seeeemery •for him to remind the Hamm of the rim in the coat of mtricattural predate- Mos. The Agriewttaral Ward in 1014, - towed -a rimier -digrE __-,._ . . 4, to all tl.e counties in England, sod dr IMO_ . 11 * . ed iii the Itepoet o f th e A gr iculture* Ifewill them it appeared that from 1792 till 1111114 imettlif Mkt ing agricultural produc e was increased MAI; WA (ruin 1792 to 1811, dnublAl. Whet had intended an out going of 85/. in 1791, required 1161. in 1803, tied 1611. in 1813. This all was au be diminished at the rate of twenty five per rent. the then amount. of the tirpreeintion, which reduced it to 1201. Between 1792 and the pr t time, it was undeniable that there was a fall in the price of the produce of lard, yet this could have no relit• tiun to the state of the eurreisey. Still there w as a the Of one bilf en cultivation compered with 1792, not oaly as regarded labour, hat as regarded ail fainting expenses what ever. Men he said one half, be was quite sure 'pin that he rather uederrated it than the cootiary. lie deduced this from all the information he bad collected, but when he added to that the increase in the puor's rates from the same period, be should rather say that the expense of cultivation was enlarged I wmthirds, or even really doubled. Now this in its consequences affected all classes as well as the farmer. The amount of the pressure being admitted, that was - (• deelion of ail their esti aordiosop bastion@ 1:1 Certainly and almost as speedily sussed. Pene s ot leseilt come, hut nut " with heshog on it e No redaction of Wan followed —so voloataty to economy were oboorvable—oms donioetiots i r IT! dens ; on the contrary, by the measures taken, the banks of taxes was netuslly increased, thJugh the amount was manti nally realuend. foe lei tha House resulJect thal theca lass no adjuettiont of the valise of taxes to the altered value of money. If fir the salvation of the people and the interests of the canonry the House could 'twelve to take off aud ac• snally remove four millions uf taxes, the amount of nll the reductions which perhaps would new be propmed, they would still Wave hardens nominally the same as in 1804 or 1008. This led hint to remark, that is entertained so opi nion considerably defferiax frost that of many of his trivial so to the operations of the measure takes for eluting them'. miry. He had not the honour of being elected as a aims. her of the Bullies Cuonsnittee al the time of its appoint. visesti.—out that las had refused to act..... 11401, pwebahly, diet be was in the estimation of the House unfit to be erig.ged to deliberations of such • Nature. It had gemmed good to thus* ant reason for affording genial relief. He should take Om who appointed the Committee to fueled* his some, mut it liberty of doubting whether taxation fell so heavily on Noy had seemed good to the House, on the trial bring made by other Interest es vn aericultare; in the first plate, the same the proposition of as How. Friend near hint, lo sweetens weight of tanituu rale.' on all, did net produce the same I n that exelusiou. For the reasons of that refusal, be perhaps pressure on others as on the farmer. He bail nut sin equal had nothing of which Le could complain. It would rether power wills the insindaclurer of proportioning the supply to seem that he wis honoured by the objection made by the demand. He was subject to the accident's of the senune s Ministers to his elretion.—(Cries of " Hear, bear.")—an and the operations of the elements, winch the ineroufamurer reason for -thinking so was simply because it was out the wit SW, at lea* in the SSW degree. The fractsistion in first time that they had pill such exclusions in practice, and the market of the farmer were greater than in thuds of that with respect to men whose knowledge and abilities left any other weaseufeeturer or dealer, and it was aimed certain them without remise for doing it. the of the Menaces every duty which was intruded to fall on the nudism, migle he referred to: one of the greatest men that ever eat in only, would iu part fall so him. Low prices naturally tended that House, oar of We greatest transients any comity to canoe an increase in the consumption, but this was sot could ever boast, oho had been s h oe nut uf the Committee of so at present with the aviculturist, because the tax- 1797. He could not but feed satisfied at being juiced its gatherer came Ist the houses of the poor, and Kneeled point of precedent with as great a statesman, and as goo m. the operatelso of the natural remedy to the fermer.—. t plashed a political genius : , as ever was known is thisew Dem Dere the Haeonrable s Gentliman 'mitered into an ormesseat weber country. Not lenity as opportosity afforded to prove that the taxing au article to such a degree fiat Nee j him in that Committee fur estahlishing hie upwind, tax formed the pi mciple part of the twin to the ors- j he could sot let doe present opporwoity peso without sumer, was particularly injurious by cheekily the cowswease s stating shag was his conviction, that the ffill re tion, instancing ibis in the ease of mall, the tax on which sorted to fur restoring the currency was a amp% per quarter was twenty-eight shillings, whereas the ;prime unfortunate measure, and especially to those connected with rust of barley WAS only 25s ; sod enforcing his regetoniug by • the lauds. He was far from bleating Ministers for ; the several arithmetical statements : Sometimes, lie proceeded, whale effects which had followed ; still he. could be fined in the Exrhequer, two and two made only two; but fault with those Members who lied lent themselves Weikel lore the facts were as certain as any figures could view of restoring the efterency to a healthy standard: an make them. On an avenge of the last this.: sears, object which nsuat have been moat desirable. Whet be 1410, 20, and 21, the leverage conniption of matt blamed was the policy of 1790, which burst in valise was 2,900,000 quarters, bring a falling off of oneeteventh. country with a Seoul of paper money, which attend all the Could any explanation be given of this but that *Well he affairs of the country, which made it impossible fur a men alleged ?It mattered slid There was one other well-known to say from monlb to month what was the actual amount fact, which weedy in aaaaa ad the force of his argument: within i of his possessions. lie agreed that it was one of those the period mentioned the population of the cogency bad pro- i measures' •mone many of its kind its politics, which digiously increased. By papers laid on the table it appeared I might hive been taken up in utter mistake uf its ef. that the astonishing in had taken place between 1811 frets, which required only to be sees, and suffered i• •ild the present time of front 11,954,000 to 14,069,01)0 nuts; effect to be condemned, *Ltd which were never so no from- are million and a half iii 1801 to fourteen 'millions lain of condemnation as when, on altering the course at the present; Rue Gum 1792 there was an itierease uf four with a view to recur to older and safer priaciples, the million of souls ies the whole population. Yet the con. evils of such alteration were found to be greater than before suniption of melt had fallen off une•stedith—(Cheederg)— the attempt. To say what ought then to have been dose at the hrspoilasion was increased, the consumption diminished. i this time of day was nothing. To say now that be saw lea —(Cheers )—low if this did not speak volumes on the effects way clearly thruegit tbe operations of that measure, aud that of notation, be thought it useless to argue with such s per- he could, bail ho seen them at that early period, have avoided ' sepehecause lie was inceessible to the effects of experience. a step which went to a total alteration of the contracts exist- Aefittnut only was this ibe case as to male but also as to log hymens debtor and creditor, would be going further beer and spirits. Hops, malt, and barley together produced than his intentions would bear him. But he could out re * teener of eight or nine millions. Now if the Chancellor fain from saying, that however great the previous moire— efehe Exchequer could point him out any one instance) of however detrimental to the character and affairs of the another clan, hardly melees( the West lodes planter, lotion the raising of prices might have been—however pre. where one half as much was raised emu one of his judicial the Bectuations in the value of as augmenting cur agricultural 'articles, he (Mr. B.) would thee admit the is. dewy, he could not help regretting the sudden recurrence cordoning of Ito computation; but all the taxes fell moss , to old principles, the departure Nuns which had entaiely particularly on the farmer, as those of sell, leather, and • produced great aud frightful evils, but nothing half so malt. These west to raise the price of all labour whatsoever, frightful and alarming as tbe effects fencing from a prece bet they were told that these did not touch the farming ; 'Dilate return to them. He was aware that great and valuable . bilerest more than any other. In the first place, it ens nut. tenet' would be •ffurded to agriculture by a considerable re. 'llKme . that they affected merely in the article of labour. Aiimiun of lases. Nothing that he had yet to say wee to Seine of ' them, in partieular the article of salt, harm any effect witte the House in shaking teat cumlueon, affected the farmer directly a great deal more than attested, as it was, by sit keenest facts, eadeoeroborated by any others in the community. In illustration of which, the every-day experience of almost soy man. There was our moue'y only militia foe meithered, Cheshire, where it was onweely a was in the House, teen was not a man oat of calculated that that duty algae lowered rent nee pee egos. the House, who did not admit that • great amerce of relief It eel node great the of in tie dairy farms. But whore r was to be fooled in a diminution of the bardeser.—(Chem.) wis acquainted with the course of thine and mode of pro- —Still there runlet he cemeiderable prentee on the 'Welders ending in a fat ones house, knew that she pressure of this of agriculture alter the relief which could be greeted. He tax was' fefi by him tar deem thee by soy SAW penmen, this would not deny, though slow to avow soy such itielinatiou impolitic tax, which was thirty-full above the original value of his mind reel eirromotances required it, that after all of the ameenodity. It might be called a tax of economy. that economy could effect—after all the closest renewable He &need- that the effeetof 'mottos' was nutty common to the retrenchment of tsar, would do—great as the relief would farmer with others; be hooded It pressed peculiarly spun be—there would del he much of the premerr to be borne him. When ii tax was laid Ina Wien which contented other by agriculitii eof itself. Ties arose from the suture of drat intend., tee umnefotiame had a-mode of relieving himself retailer interest. It was said, " that agrieulture had nut by inventing MIA eSteSJIIIIII machioevy. Nut so the farmer; always been depressed ; that it had derived the advantages all the operations he carried on he paid for is bard aro- of hieh priers as well as the distress of low prices; sey. The farmer went me - etifferisg and enbenitting in that prices were ant heavier now thou they bad silence fur yeas, and no effort was made to relieve him been is time. when so distress was complalued ode-them till last year. Now let it Imeibeerved how different was it why not agriculture bear the menet burdens tat commie when a t1.11.11/1111 attempted Ow he laid on the ninufaeturers. with the other linefeeds?" And so they mould if We housleas Iron nay be said to be theiriesserentest of produiioa. The were the same as at the time of the former low prices, if Chancellor tit the Exchequer rens that steam was too sub. the annealed rates were the same as then ; but they bed to Ile, or two exclusive—(a latigk).ras aimerial to be taxed— contend with the effects of • currency augmented in value tinily that machinery itself could sot well be used, laid a tax butt ways—in all ways—lazes mid rates as well as low prices; on iron; bat whew be did so those were nu mirk quiet times as the whole effect being to leave them is eircumetances so whin the poor farmer was loaded with wardens. Here were fatal, that he for one should have thought, is 1819, they were no sheep standing to be /WM, retie soil unresisting. Ist meet unhappy ter a recurrence to the old standee, of valise. his Hun. and Learned Fein& who compseed the Administra- One of the .vats arising mot of ire measurer of 1797 was, Nun of that day were beat aud sr-ailed from moruieg the centraction of debts and habits of speculation in all to night by a race of men bard, Ostensible, aud 1111- classes, the effiets of *bids hail been more sadly and fully yielding, of iron hearts, from the nun mouth s—(l..aughter) evinced in the Geneffes of nraiespont periods. Speeele. and who not cooly gave his Noble and Honourable Friends Lion nose cm every head: speculations among the ninny no rest, but besieged the House, and pelted it " with iron : inen—speculationsamong professimial men, and the:teemed sleet of arruwy slimed" till they reduced them to submission. : every branch of trade. Nes one drivels into speculative by It would be •tiother goosing how far the teen pressed with the circumstaaces of the times, who would nut in ordinal y exclusive weight opus the Arnim. Would any man say and more even periods have tbought of it—oho, in a healthy that in this respect they were in rai worse condition than state of credit aud currency, nut only would OW, but other people? They trot only paid in direct rates a cond. could not, have embarked iu it—aud, above all, in derahle burden of charges, hearing almost entirely on agri. amount boob as to the value Weeded rod the mis. culture, bet they paid their full share, itoderemly, of all taxes i chief ineuree4, were die spec...emus in agricaltaie. Tie on all other conitnodities besides those contracted with 'gee distresses spriogieg frum done speculations were not teem culture, those commodities being charged with rate, which j learnt from the MmHg ; lent they were well kuown to those rose in value according to the fall in prices. If prices bad 1 who understood the actual state and eircumststices of lead guise on at one time rising, those charges rose with them; I incepasey. TSOSP spree latious had ow doubt dime touch to nod when Gentlemen admitted that taxes mu the necessaries the creation of the. (eidetic evils, by augmenting worm of life must Injure the labouring classes, and produce, I eerily the amount of produce; for he was reedy to admit though with ass ircrcase of wages, less comfort to the i that serer.pruduction was among the causes of the teatime labourer, together with greeter charges of poor rates, let Trader nits arising from this source the Right HuisouraWe them recollect the anodise of the farmer, who bad Gentleman opposite (the Chancellor of the Exchomer) 111111‘1 11001 obese cireueustaides to .give occupation to the le.. be held to have centreboard, by fostering speculative roast. boater, sad become clsargesble with the incense both don on on• hind, fur the sake of charging it wills *dee of the wages and poor -rates, lu regard to the latter i share of the burets-us to the advantage 4.f the finances in brooch pf expenditure, it was .to he remembered that the first place; and 'notedly, by the violation effected the poor repro boil risen is 1201 from half a million in the value of the currency in which those charges were (their lammed a few years previusoly) to about ill./ pill. By die same means the country had been led to anthems. la the last year of the war they were eight mil. contract loads of eche which, had it not been for the lions They remained at present at six, millions, or three. • unettled state of the currency it would fold the amount of 1791. Now the hareems he drew from j. tractei. They were told that while the landholder was all these details was, that the only means to be taken fur grittily the advantages of high rine all the rest—the • relieving the suffering, of the farmed its particular, awl meineybolder, the merchant, and the neenfacturer, were 'all joher interests in cueoequeece, should be sought in losing or suffering. It was said that whatsoever rnaouface • a great rednctiou of their taxes—(Hear, bear)—lo reduce torn had to supply labour to so many heeds, had to suffer the to, .1 burdens—to retrench the whole amount of them the loss incidental to the payment of wages increased in effedeally—to take off, not a paltry one or two millions, preemption to the advance of priers. But it was not to be but some coniderahle purlieu, so as to make it possible forgotten that the manufacturer bad advautsges in th e fur the farmers to live, for alias to exists shoe. condition nature of bra occupation nut available in agriculture. The was immediately bowel up with the enterers of the farmin improvements in marhinery alone node him less end lees —this alone night to satisfy the House, as nothing short of liable, es they proiressed to the pressure of the taxes. it would satisfy the country--(Hear, hear.)—He had shewn To take an example—the machinery is cotton bail so thee uuder the vire of the farmers paying less taxes tides far improved from the state it was in thirty years ago, during the war, they were in fact paying, all cousiderations that one muss was ono capable of producing with the iiiclielid, morals more, trot only in direct amount, but in new machinery what would hare riquired 100 men to have propoition. to ibrir share of bordelis which ought to be precinct-41 then. Nee wonder that he felt no such pressure rovontun ; they were payieg, iustead of less burden as the fermi., sod that he refrained from making the same dote those *loth fell oa them from the moat extrema• outcry of diairen. One man could not mu agriculture be rant charges of the war, st least one million more.— If tears weee remitted to the amount of four metlionr, they wool•' still be paying more in the altered value of money Shen in the must expensive yr ir oft be war, when Ministers were at their ►ighest pinnacle of extravagance, when their pro fusion and their exattiou were equally without bounds, when they were cajoling the House sud the country with hopes of schrevements never to he realised, when the victim was •ssaisted that all their Mirth*. were ouly present sacrifices to future security, that their mosey was ant lost, that paw* woufd rtutn, sot with it rospertty, suit that ru• broacht, under any circumstances, to produce what before took 100 men. Aud then as to speculation—ate pme•waa not all to one way. While the farmer ass speculating in laud, others were speculating in money. That congregation of Caitlin which allowed the agriculturist to uudtitake its hazards, pre (waylaid'', for the gambling in luaus.— Every man who then lent Government 601. had hecomeat creditor for 1001. Millions of money had hero burrowed at 49 to the 3 per Cents.—as 47 he believed uncia-.Mitt-azialti plied millions had been hollowed at prices wake 00. That stock had riser latuly-five per cent. is oamiaal value, •4 4, , • t N •••>l. a Is say nolisint of the cliffereat valve of memy, sot as there were heavy amousts whirls had bees borrowed a t 49 all the lime they were rising to par and above, they were hecumitig so much more bordensume in regard le soy view of reduction. He did not blame those who had made such advantages in their dealings milli the Goreruseut. Perhaps it was to their credit that they were elite ho mat. * um adiraimagee ; beg it should not be said that akiirso pommy; were All ',pont to the fainter, sod all lugs to the /mid. bolder and manufacturer; and if She ince/sees of prices eie 11W1 all WAS Su the =Vey 01511, UT I I her wise they all Soto i t , the farmer. Every thing rose is the same proportion, income was larger, it was propartiooably dimanodied by the se gmesistio• of Ids expenses. Every new tsx. especially the income ism, acted as a direr( ad tetloves duty Oa les stuck end prelim; so that the Limas ad the Exchequer. p t on as be 41414‘d, were always pursuing him with eager et a and mod* steps; if he kept before steam for a fade semon be his gales, they were generally wet far from Viis he, s , auvl in letigtit. by aid of the income tax, Hey completely o gat x ,„ hum, and hold bits in chute custody until the end or the war sod fin-some time rifler. By this time !mbar] spent all income. Übe had obtained much, he .pent it at e saute hi g h prices —,t i e had spent as a eousiinser what he hail gel RS a priodoeer. His charges were I eplaily high piirs% and now that the curosory was altered, lie roust pry aus nmonnt in full stemmed valise, or acknowledge hecoiel ruined Now the effect of the law, which had altered, ti tinz such, the tontraet• between debtor.. and rieditois wee altered likewise, and therefore if the rents and taxes be r' duns'. there would still he left to the agriciituniit the difficulty of coping with the °outlayl or the tit bi t g u „ to his creditors. Suppose smw of 5.000/ a year to hue high prices to have earth ovoid debts which took half los Menem to pay the imere•i —aud then, sappiee pricer 1,, h ire / a li e n one..bslf, is entirely gone. lf prirts base fallen ft per cent. h . in toevirte is reduced to ku than one-half, his debts ei in tinny( at their old ootoi.e.l amount. The Arm operation for hi. relief was the ro,Lictu.i i of his pobtie burdens. The first step to be mites was ta re. move the ininieom pressure of taxes whirl+ bane him Join . and the properties to be removed moist be in proportme to the premiere of hie Sweet burdens, or it would Le of lilt e s i m * ore would be a great freemen. left ; and if, after all the reductions which economy could effett, it mortal found that the IsaidedGenikw & ieu of Maud could es lon:ir raja, as they bad done berme, lie was owl plifire.l wary ! that the house was not Mill hound to see haw hurries, He considered the importance of the asilsjeca lo be,o sato—k looked 'lrma the landed interest to be so great its relation In society g 111, that if one mode at ielsr C 'route! am ti., 41.terlsaitig the establishments parsimonious:y, and notatio n ; the tares which oppressed the land would nut give effective relief, they toast then have recours , to tiller mesaures.— (Hear, burr.)—To tamper with the public faith ; total/ (lie honour of the rousts" ; to declare a natioual bud ruidcy ; goad God ! could any mar in bi. ae.aes Callflak the thought?—(Cries of Hear, hear, lira r.)--oTo raise the price of the currency. whether opeoly or plainly matter. ti little, for there was only the shit"; race Intone seem resod sod open vinlenne beiweeo them; ikon tale ineaserei either of whirls he would he sorry to recommit& It was one thing to keep • currency where it was—o snot her, after "offering it to retina in part to a full statti;ni of value, In alter its teadenry. He was not sure int the measure was I. any way practicable. Many Grillo men hail voted for the restoration of the (smeary irin would now be unwilling to err it tampered with far. 'bor. The Nag Was bail to itsnr--ti was worse as a precedent, because it might be in time so frequently f.l! lowed that i,o rule con:d be dran:n tor the reguimiun of it. Brit (lieu, necessity ! If that hour should come admitted nu possibility of compromise—whose mandate was peremptory slid must be obeyed, sod he should be called on In declare whether or no the landed interest woe to be preserved or perish! It was mighty easy talking that it was only suiting the supply to the ,erased—that it was re ducing produce to the wants of the market—that it was only throwing had lands out of colioratiou--tlist it was only an alteration, or ezebauge, or sleuth► of stork ; that it was only a change of proprietor., sod that what one luau would !use another man would gain. neat words rightly isterpreird amounted Is Isylog wait?* Inge and fair and fruitful portion of Elegises - I —the dislacsti.-y and tearing asunder local aitachinenta—sthe intlictioa td the mom painful agony to be felt by she human heart—are tear. lag up by the roots that society elite,' was butivaswl,aod pit. laved, sad protected by the leaded inseeest,and whit-boast irtuathie emirate*, wheat the landed Mintiest was au mom.— (Loud cheers )—The tendril interest were in, more, if, le. stood of &plug the pride and ornate• lit of their orig . ,. Inturhoods, they were to Isr concerted iiitn a lan of [rat'. Ackert from day to day with the monied interest to at , hold their estates—if they were to be coin pellidaoy loam to lead the lives of borrowers and debtors, inmesi: of brio/ tie respreittl lords of their own lerrimrtes—to feel &freed at every knock at the gate lest it should tooroluee a chainisat- to lead a life of autiely only inferior in pato mid sohjertiaa to•tbat of his tenant, till his income briog tabstunl, Le Urea" also Isla savings, the., is obliged to sell valuables— them, still. tenable to meet hie creditors, his remaipitig effects are sold—then lie is forced to emigrate—avid lastly, the We of the Iloilo, soil by them the transfer is completed. Tie former occupiers would be removed, •iol the new oats wonkl come in. Now, when the destruction of the lauded in terest was talked uf, it did not meals that the owners of Ism/ would is Iverson he destroyed. or that the lamb ..,.14 sink by ac earthquake, or the grimed!' would be tail ante, the tress rooted op, the houses throws' down, and sari strewed over the ruins; but it meant that a change of proprietors would produce a change I. nil the relations of that verticals. class, and all the elegies which were roil nerieti elih it; tint the particular clam would be destroyed, an•l if that happen ed throughout a whole eammouily, it was hollinaC less than the destruction of the State. Ii was ditty of the Howse, at all events, to "more the Slat.% G. 141 rabid that, any man shonld mention the project of sioirting the compact of national faith, white liter was say hoe of duing soy thing by the reduction of tes3tioe, after of helot •ble to sustain lie rem.iining burden. by virtuously redlining. The only way to ay.od that pint marl sailor'', calandty was, if, reduce early editor which mid be redeterl; not merely the pie of a f se poor clerks —(bear, ?ear)—dal by aboliatiing two or three digressive jobs, au' coosolidating • superior income riot of them for some oAieiot Athourite—(Cheers)—but by heeinoiae with the highest first—(hear, hear, hear) —sad promerlist: with vigour to reduce all pay and *Mopes dons to tie Il.rwest.—((bens.)—Aad even then let cal the • llosie be sold that toddle men were the yell men !Not pail, when theirs were the only incomes is the 'Mimi were nut reduced.—(Hear, bear.)—Tint • per tealaid ui enosidemble amount, he would not 'say if 9. - ) per rest f!! bans much, ought to come off ;tektite salines he was 0 "! winced, •uil that it ought to bear a fall proportion to liar alined currency awl She pressure of the public horde'', and /sat atriessllitre ought to receive the same proportisatif relief. Hr would say nothing at pre,ena of the oinsimerral reductions in the estpenditurr, "set pt that so far es they were at present known they were easily to he acconateil for be I ''e stipeases saved On the death of Ronsplrte, end another tv't peronege, whose untimely loss to the enuelry was 10 d v epiy to be depi.ored. He could not hut crake some reference, how-. ewer, to a paper put forth for the purpose of ilisplalo< the changes and economy whirl. had been effected 419. misters is the darner', office , . The standards or carapeth - 0. - - were taken from the establithmenis of 1793 and upwind , and the fildwction of all offices created in the-estsblisl . menus since 1795 or 1796; lie knew thot the retrenchrwa! "en to go beyond thee. All those which hail hem saisralt augmented, from the increase raf hominess and the difference of prices, ought to go back to their nitt standard. He wishni now, by particulars in the treatment of some offied changed since the commencement of the 1)3.1 times, to shot what confidence was to he ;Awed is the pr,onhaire of th..se as - 1* TelrenrlnUenl. Ile found in owe rat of the pipet* II" t asseral ofners bed been abolished us the Crosigtati of fl e e LC' :mime Tsx. In oar of the departments there was an Where 114"1 * a year save .(. Hy M e . Pereevai's Aet, a prom th o r riat freo= all aka wail I o receive • certain prop of his Pal. and uo mute, eteordio: to the length of v.rrlerl--for men v years and upward', tlsreesfourths of its farmer 'Any, sax, that was to be the highest rota of retired pay- NoW it 411.ibuysia that is eating reflood pay to others which see', 'be abolished, that at last the allowance yould *of ryn r Me. Perceivers Aut. It ought Weird AO be •10%. propuihri lied retiring from an office about to be abolialice than sr/ --,_, !1i0...0r . -..."'" ~ i 1 \ iiibir