The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1820-05-27 00:00:00

1 F Itthersl blew was 'conformable to the genius of all countries. The snore one greet class advanced. tie more, in the same proportion. would ~,her cisme, among the same people. In this respect whist was said of nsan in his individual capacity was 5q‘41412 sppficeble to his social state. In the lan gAiterof the pot:J.:. " like tbrepreiritroas vise, supports lives; The greaser) be (sum, is from th' lacrosse he gives." tee . 'suoner trade was reitdreff to thi Milt jetfoil+ siait.r . uf freedom, t 4, batter would it•bs fee the -•o•irts 4444 4 V at large. But he knew that is 4111. 1 r. WA sato effect svelte prinuipie to it. toll. elev.. ; the must be sloes 4ittl gradual, after the .sr oysters% which had grown up is the collo *: Precipitate Measure., however politic nod yolk must not be attempted without a cello and palest investigation of the artificial situation ie *high usenet* had' been suffered to rest. He re- membered the anecdote mentioued of two very you owns met), who were the ornaments of the last cent %eq. 'Ettey wine Dr. Smith sad Mr. Burke, who, tat a coo -venntiooupon political economy, were discussing the ropriety of particular measures, when Dr. Sinith re •e!teuded Mr. Bathe, as a legislator, for the slow.. l i ;,cse : with which Parliament recognised the soundest 'moat sell-evident principles of political eve. nisi;. The Doctor asked, how it happened, th it, shlw lbw bad effect of the laws against forestalling 'lO se apparent, they were still adhered to leyiN*Ltgislature ? M►. Bu►ke's answer was this:— •• Dr. Smith, you can from your Prrofessor's Chair p Work with your principles in the most sum tudiry •Manner, like a professor of pure milieus:oles; Su: the Legislature, as Statesmen, must pause in rite advance to establish new opinions, however wsll•adapted to the state of society—they must in ef.wr progress make allowances for couflicting in :ie.:esti and conflicting prejudices." Such was the je►t feeling of a Statesman, and he (the Marquis) was, on the present occasion prepared to *rear, that conflicting interests and coutlictieg prejudices must he attended to, before any general orrangement could he effectively made. With refe rent* to the general distress which so unhappily pre. 'Whit in this country, it would no doubt be dith• wt/lt •In Igoe. it 'through its several causer. It wow . from an accumulation of evils, gradually arowing up within the last twenty years : whe /her owing to the ambition of a single lean, whe ther owing to the views of a single Government, :o a Ode and current in the general stair of the siflatrs oldie world, there had been fur the last few year, an habitual excitement. which had been the cause of vast speculations, and also of great difficul• ties; the consequence at length was, that each na tion was prepared to live on its own capital, instead of its productive revenue, and that a state of things *toile which, with an increased population, rendered the - labours of a great portion of that people unpro elective. This state necessarily led to an accumula. tioa of encumbrances ; it left a greater produce thaw demon& to be felt not alone in this country, but pretty generally throughout the nations of the world. This vititution, for such it was, was not, hriwever, Mt every where with . equal weight—the t uncial state of this country made the weight pecbliorly operative, Why, asked the Birmingham petitioners, did it happen, that in the midst of an tsliundant produce, there is a wide-spread co-exist irsg state of so much misery and distress ? But then tult , vie am. the remedy ? He aaw but one obviously phicticable,•nd that was, to unfetter foreign trade-; e did not mean that it should be altogether thrown ripk - tr . wittiout some change in the shape of duty— whet he meant was, that the prohibitory system should cease to exist, and that the alteration should be effected with every fair consideration towards the artificial interests that inspolicy had engendered. Liberty of trade should be made th« grorral rule, and control of trade the ex ception—nut control the general, rule, and liberty tee exception.—(Hear, hear.) —The Noble Mir then adverted to the principle of the Na vigation Laws, which he observed most affect ed that respectable body of persons, the ship. u*Wriers. He submitted that a relaxation of those lows would be highly expedient, the relaxation he slimild pfopose would be simply this, that British vessels sicr.rfir to different parts of Europe for cargoes, rhOirld be permitted to pick up the assortment they welted by touching at more ports than one in their voyage—that a vessel, fur instance, after taking in writ she wanted In France, might be permitted to tone!, strain in a Flemish port. By the present e pti e ro, the whole advantage of an assortment was net to be obtained with the facility that it ought. Its only limitation he should affix would be to interdict the vessel. from taking iu colonial prodrice, for that might possibly furnish the reins of taking sway Irons the shipping lute rya. et home the benefit of the freight to which they would be entitled to under oilier circumstances. Tfiethird point which lie should suggest was, the entire freedom of the transit trade, the extension of *ankh principle would, he thought, be most beneficial if adopted in the commercial system of this . country. The benefits of the bonding and "'rebooting system had *already been sensibly felt ; A obviously held out to the foreign merchant an iediceibent to form a general mart here, an induce ment. which necessarily mart- be a great accession of strength to the interests of this engulf. Some interests, he was aware, must be soothed in bring iiig Oran this principle; bat no doubt they would be eahly reeonciled by a *rime of mutual 'sequin fibs. The 'been trade of Ireland here naturally auenverited itself, and vat entitled to particular con - sitfiretian - ; lie knew that it had here protected by • dirty Uf l 5 pa r cent. but be alto knew that the Item tiliiisOldicturers 'would he easily induced to fall • igto airy irrarigeitseut winch they were convinced doyW he oeno detriment to thew. Some of the principal linen manufacturers bid, be knew, altered their opiiiinss upon the subject of late, and agreed that it would be expedient to reduce the transit duty. a state of war the transit duty did apply ; • biit 1/0w could it operate in • time of peace? What was to privet* the trader who waJted linen ill either Gertnany or 'Flanders from resorting to the foreign market and becoming npurcharer ? Surely nothing. Wby then illfooki the importation of these articles be restricted, by Which a general mart might be eetablished here. without detriment to the home Salmons ? ou the contrary, they *paid be illealdhed by this system. Inland. but was thrtad. *IOW 611 into any arrangement that was net &rad tOnlash with the interests she had a right If/ clairidlovakadisibeift to the general wealth of the empire. He now came to what he was aware would smelt, misels-diffeiterace•of *pi spien--it was the duty - en the imports from the north of Europe, more particularly in timber. Their Lordships. in considering this part of the subject, should recol lect that when the high duties were unposed, it wavespeenty understood that • therwsree sow to be considered 'loomed Win part of a permanent system of colonial policy—such was the intimation to the shipping interests. These high duties then c.:8•141 not be Slow declared peratane9t. when the enact ment was merely temporary ; iu feet, they were im posed as mutual duties; It was evident that the shipping interest connected with Canada, felt great hostility to the removal of the high duties._ Now they were a body that he was very much die posed to treat with great respect, however much they dfffered up.. this particular point to his prier tittle of free trade. and the free employment of ca pital. They were the instruments upon which the maritime strength and greasiness of their country very materially depended. But he totally differed from their view of their own ca•.e ; and he ventured to say, that it was impossible to devise a method more detrimental to the encouragement of ship piug, thou the imposition of these heavy duties upon one or the most 'inpatient raw materials admitted into the country. Tire ship-owners stated in their petition, that the timber trade of Canada. in which they are engaged, is not of the saute quality, iu general, ■s that front the north of Eu rope, and ought therefore receive a I irger protec tion, to be enabled to hold its place in the market. Now the sort of sacrifice which, by this mode or reasoning, they demanded of the country, was sim ply of this nature Whereas, according to all rules of commerce. it is expedient to draw commo dities from those countries which produce them cheapest, but we *hall selert them where they are t dearest, not so durable, and to he brought from the greatest distance." And this was to be done for the better consumption of shipping. and regarding a raw material of the utmost general importance iu all their improvement's, whether of houses. lock* of canals, bridges. aye, even ihipping itself. When the Petitioners came forward and stated the expense to which they were exposed, they asked at the same time that the system he not departed from which entailed upon them this expense. As well might they Ise asked to impose a heavy duty upon American cotton, to avoid interlering with the East India cotton, which was to be had by sending for it three times the distance. The shipping interest, undoubtedly, if the altera tion he suggested were to take Once, might not have so touch carrying trade as they had at pre sent, yet he saw no 'colon to doubt that it would not eventually he as beneficial to them. Th , trade of Prussia would. in such a case. be probably car ried on exclusively by British shipping; and if the timber of the Baltic and of the Northern States were riot lend fur directly by British monufectures, these manufactures must eventually find their way to the countries where the timber was produred, by being bought at Leipsic ■nd the great fairs of Germany. In fact, the rivers of the Northern States, although well calculated to float down great quantities of timber fur foreign consumption, were not equally well qualified to convey foreign manu factures into the it•terior; but he would ask any Noble Lord, at all conversant in the state of our foreign trade, if the priticipul buyer. of British ina to:factures at the fah of Leipvic were not the inha bitants of the Northern States of Europe ? But not upon this consideration alone would he Consent to rest the great principle of its being the interest of every country to obtain produce for consumption from those countries where it can be procured cheapest. If those countries do not in the Grid instance take our manufactures, they must do it eventually. But in the con•ideratintr of this topic, all those who presented Petitions to their Lordships seemed to overlook one point of view, which was, that the di minutia,' of price of the raw mate►►al must by iu creasi:tg the consumption enlarge propoitiossably the trade of supply. must cheapen the freight, end thereby tempt the North of Europe to porchese our commodities in larger quantities. •It was for the Committee to consider, whether in opening the timber trade of the North of Europe. it might not be 'lone with some limitation, leaving to Canada the trade in laths, Cur which that colooy was re markable, but permitting Ili to receive from the Baltic that timber which was of most value to the most important concerns of the country. He hail made a calculation of the difference as it resulted to this country between the timber trade of Canada and of the Baltic, a n d he found that the present system operated as a tax upon this country in favour of Canada to the amount of 500,000/. annually. Of this sum the City of London alone paid 100.0001. annually. a sum of money which might undoubtedly be better employed in promoting and extending some useful branch of domestic or foreign trade. With regard to the trade of tba coontry with Frsuce, he should say a few words, more particularly in reference to that article, which would not. he was sure, be unaccept able to many Noble Lords in that House— he meant French wines.—(lleur, hear, hear, and • a laugh.)—Their Lordships were aware diet the duty upon the importation of French wines was 143/. 18.. per pipe, while the duty upon Spanish sod Portuguese wines did not exceed 951. 1 Is. Within the last year the duty on the importation of foreign wines had fallen off to the extent of emoooi. He was aware that without entering into specific arraugerneut with the French Govern ment, apprehensions were entertained that Bri tish manufactures would not be received in ex change for the French wines ; but he could not be lieve that, whatever the indisposition of the French Government might be to enter into a large arid ex tended view of the commercial relations of the too coolants. there yet could exist so great an indifference to iLa own interests and to the wishes of a very large and important class of the intim ! bitants of France, as out to' feel' a desire to give some specific advantage of that nature, if this coun try consented to take the French wines upon the same footing as the wines of other couutriea. But even though no such arrangement were made. the rook of this country's taking the wines of France mpst be to increase the exportation of British manufactures. He would asio, if in any trade ever pursued by this country a d►mioutiou of exports was caused by the circumstance of our merchants paying for the produce of the other country in bur liar ? Was it not manifest that au export of bul • • , lisn must always 6ve . atendentytto correct itself ?ft - Ilss one trade in the East been ever reputed a dvadvantage to this couutry, because it was for the most partcarriert on with bullion? That bid. lion was procured in Sonth America, but it was there purchased by British menufacturd, and the oily difference caused be trading with bullion was, that the proceeding of first exp o rting commodities to purchase the bullion, and then carrying the bola lion to market. was more circuitous thin if the trade were conducted at once on the principles of barter. lie was aware th a t i n opening the wine trade or France, the British Government would have to re quire the consent of Portugsl, on account of the emragements formed with that country ; but her eouseut would tint be necessary to reduce the duties on French wines, still observing the proportion ape cifit din the Methuen Treaty. Even of this modi fication, the result, lie doubted not, would he bu in- crease of revenue arising from an increase of the con sumption of French wind, Helmond however by the last Treaty concluded with Portugal, in 1810, that the British Governs's& were bound to continue the duties as they now are on wine, and the Portuguese Gtverriment the duties on our woollen., only for the pre rent. It may thence be collected that neither of the contracting ironies considered the engage ment as permanent, but as leaving the (versifier:llion of this point open fur future discuss' . Its fact, if the engagement were not renewed on the part of this country, the British woollen% were of so ex yeller't • kind, that they need lint fear to enter into competition with the, eldisufacturea of say other country. Our advantages, isideed, in any diplo matic arrangements with Portugal, were so nu inerons, that we might easily grant an equivalent to that country for depriving her their peculiar advantage. What he had said of the wines of France was equally applicable to the silks of that country. He could not doubt that the importation of French silks iuto this country would be very disadvanta geous to a very meritorious, and he feared a very distressed class of men ; but it would be the duty of Parliament to make them a compensation for whatever distresses might be inflicted by the exten sion of the trade with France, and a Parliamentary grant would prove a cheap pun-hose of a general advantage. Having thus referred to such flotilla of the trade with Europe as he thought essential, he turned with great satisfaction—for having already noticed those which were supposed, however un justly, to affect the interests al the great body of the ship-owners—he would now turn to one which lie hoped would be found to promote them. In looking round the globe, it would be found, that from the fairest proportion of it, namely, all that was contained within the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn, British commodities were altogether excluded. From the moment that an indepeodent British merchant doubled Cape Horn or the Cape *Mond Hope. he found himself oppressed and cramped in his commercial pursuits—not by the rade aspect of nature, nor by the indisposil of the inhabitants to enter into commercial reldtionv with him, for it is now known that the islailds of the Great Eastern Archipelago abounded in people capable of maim/tilling all the relations of civilised life—but he found himself pursued by the statute book.—(Near, heir.)—He could not trade in that description of vessel which was convenient fur his pursuits, and most suited to the nature of the sirens and bays in which the islands abounded, solid from meddling with many articles of pri mary importance, especially that of tea, he was 'wally prevented, as being included in the charter of the East India Company. lie undoubtedly felt no disposition to speak with disrespect of that great Company, but it was nu want of respect to siy, that as a great Commercial Company they were liable to all the evils and disadvantages which usually accompanied monopolists. He could not suppose that this Company, connected intimately as it is with the interests of the great body of the peo ple, would refuse to permit the inhabitants of this country to du what they could not perform them .selves, and engage in this trade with the islands in such a manner as would be found profitable. No merchant, however well disposed to embark in the eastern 'dile, would yet consent to hazard his ca pital by fitting out • ship of 500 tone, in which lie would not even be pet mined to have the advsu tage of forming an assorted cargo. The inhabit ants of those island., accessible to commerce, mid ready to engage in it, were computed at seventy millions of people—and. acmdi iig to the authority of Mr. Crawford, who Intl studied their manors' and habits, they were advanced far in the progress o f civilisation. Upon this interesting point too, they had the testimony of that highly-valuable offi cer, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who made an excursion into the interior of Sumatra, and there discovered &Mils previously unkuowu, who were capable of holding commercial intercourse with European States, if it could be carried on in a manner congenial to their habits and suited to their worsts. Such trades undoubtedly could not at once rise to great elevation; they must have small beginnings, which it becinue the wisdom of the Legislature to encourage. He remembered a story, trivial indeed its itself, hut remarkable as having been put on record by the celebrated Dr. Franklin. This evtisnable man and &lightened politician tell., that his wife having been under some obligation to the Captain of a vessel, a native of Maytown, hut then being iii the harbour of Philadelphia, made the Captain's daughter a prevent of a cap. The Doctor some time after found himself in company with this Caplan; and a farmer, and the Captain reminding him of the cap given by Mrs. Franklin to the Captain's daughter, added, " Ah ! Sir, that was a dear cap to Maytown, for no girl of the place would, after seeing it, go to church, sinless .he could procure • similar cap front Philadelphia, and they all are now provided with thein."—" But," interrupted the tanner. " you forget to inform the Doctor of an important path ' 'cular. The girls of Maytown have, in consequence of that cap. established so extensive a manufactory of mittina, that they now supply all Philadelphia with those articles, which they first thought of mak ing. that they might thereby enable 'kenneled to purchase caps at Philadelphia."—The story wits, as lie already remarked, trivial in itself, but it il lostrated the progress of commerce, and shelved how unaiously the first efforts nuAht to be encouraged. But the trade with the East offered a prouder illuattation of the advantages to be derived from the freedom of commerce. Some eight, or even six yeses ego, no independent British merchant was to .` ~ .bo Abend trading in India. The Comma em ployed now, as it did, at that time. abort 20,000 um° (4.6lll l ) Piug, lutAilite free trade hes is that short ham risen from nothing to 61,090 tons: sad from the resources still gamed by those extensive ree gime', was there any man hold enough to say that the trade might not be tarried much farther ? The flambee of sailors employed - by-the free traders amounted to 4.470, while the Company cm. !doped only 2,526. He remembered that when the proposition of opening the trade to India was first proposed, it was said t h at it would dioemse rage the einployrneot of seamen. because the Com pany employed more men in proportion to their tonnage than would be used by the free traders. The Comp.my employed 25 men to every 100 tons; but although the independent merchants employ ed only seven men to every 100 tons, yet, from the greater extent of their trade. they gave employ. ment to a far greater number of seamen than the Company. It should be known to their Lordships, that at the present moment the trade between Canton and the greater part of the Cootie neat of Europe was carried on by American vessels. He did not speak of this invidiously, but he cI,PI think it a peculate hardship, that in the quarter of the globe where British interests most prevailed, A inericen shipping should almost monopolize the trade thet should seem to appertain of right to the British merchants. The proportion, however, of the American shipping employed in the Cantos. trade was eighty to one of British; and while the British shipping in that quarter Of the world was, during the last three years, stationary or retrograde, Americo') shipping had more than trebled in that period. Even in the important trade with South America the British merchant laboured under pecu liar hardships; for supposing a British and an Ame rican merchant proceed at the saute time to the port of Valparaiso in South America. they might both take in their bullion, but the American mer chant might thence immediately proceed with his cargo to the East Inches, and there dispose of it • without any impediments, while the British men. cclisat mutt return to England, and there fit out 'firmly before he could proceed to the Indian mar ket. He had been informed this morning that there were actually at this moment some Americans in the River fitting out for the East with an as ! sorted corgo in vessel• suited for the trade. while no British vessel would be permitted to enjoy the same arovantages.--(Heor, hear, hear.)-- •` Are these," said the Noble Marquis,' the results of your lrgislatiou, that you will throw open a valu able branch of commerce to a foreign country, and prevent your own people from sharing in its profits ?" The Noble Marquis then adverted to the necessity of cultivating b strict intimacy and trade milli the Independent States of South Awe rica, which it was evident could never be restored to the mother country. We had already derived great ndvantages from the trade with Buenos Ayres, and equal profits must be expected from the other States. He alluded also to the trade of Ireland—a country which held out the promise of speedily employing extensive capital, and of becoming one of the grelt est and moat valuable consumers of British corn modifies. The population of Ireland was ensinently calculated to bestow the greatest advantages to this country, and every assistance its the power of Eug lend ought to be freely and liberally extended to it. Indeed, there were no two parts of the globe to which England ought to look with better founded hopes of deriving lasting assistance from them than Ireland and South America. But the most unsatisfactory circumstance in the present con dition of the country was, that no hope was offered of any immediate remedy to the existing distresses. But at the same time, feeling as he did the situation of the country, depressed and cramped as its energies were by injudicicus regulations, he never ohandoned the hope, while any part of the world remained unexplored, that we might yet look to foreign trade as offering the promise of great re lief. If the country carried to it difflculties, it likewise would carry with them faith and in. dustry, qualities which have hitherto characterised the exertions of England, which would yet as proudly characterise her, and from which success must flow in times to come, as it crowned her efforts in times past. Surrounded as she was with dil6- indite', but not oppressed, he would still look with confidence to the genius of the country. to relieve her from evert , mobs ent. The Noble Marquis concluded, amidst loud cheering. by moving, that a Select Committee be appointed to inquire into the state of the fo►eign commerce of this empire, with ■ viers to promote and extend it. The question being put from the Woolsack. The Earl of LIVERPOOL ruse, ass lie declared, with great satisfaction. Niter the very able and can. did speech of the Noble Marquis, to which he had listened with unmixed gratification. With the broad principles laid down by the Noble Marquis, he in general concurred, although he by :to means attached an equal importance to some of them. He would Rot un any account oppose the motion, sbich the Noble Marquis had properly limited to an inquiry into the foreign trade of the country ; properly, he had said, because it was only by such a habitation of the inquiry tle.t it could be conducted with any prospect of utility. But although in the proposed inquiry it was of silvan,. take that point one branch should he selected, yet lie owed it to hintsel 1, and to those with whom hr had the honour to act, not to cotitii,e has view of the state of the country to any individual interest, but to take a review of the actual coudition of all ; for though be prised highly the foreign trade of the country. be should very much deceive their Lord. *hive if he were to represent it as bring of para. mount importance to may other interest of the State. He agreed with the Noble 'Marquis that no opinion could be snore . prejudicial than that their several interests should be placed in op. position to each other ; communed with him in believing that the strength of one woo the strewth of the other, and that distress could tut be felt by one without exciting a strong sympa thy is the rest.—(Hear, 6ersr.)-11r could not, therefore, but lament, that in the petitinus presets , - ed to their Lordships, some attempt had bren,made to disunite them, for it should be tetoreolierrd. that although agriculture was the basis of the pimp,. thy of the State, it could never have attained is present wealth and eminence had it not been fostered by commerce.—(Hear. henry— Having premised this geuerol view of the subject, the first Impression that presented itself to.his mind was the necessity of endeavouring 1s ascertain *hi the rictus' situation of the country was, both with respect to its foreign and domestic commerce, and its agricultural pursuit.. It would then be rapt, dieut to probe the distresse. of the country, and certain, if possibly, the cruses of their exittence ; it would then be their duty to devise some mritii. .1 61 1 0 4141 a Pew ISY to. the evil.; it wokld fu:. they be as advisable to drtermioe early what they should sot do, as what they should endeavour to effect s for .shu ommitay ...44 waves settle so long as men's minds were kept afloat with hopes or atomism. Fie thought it nece►sary to remark, that wl►atever docuspeuis be should use upon tbis he was willing to lay brfu►s the House, or them to the Committee, as might be deemed advisable. The distsesses of the country, he tlionz' should be able to prove, did not Elise from sNy - tninution of the internal consumption of the coon. try, for there WISP only one article of internal euo: 'gumption in which there wu any considerable crease within the last year, and that was trine. 1-1, took some pains to endeavour to ascertain the actual state of home consumption during the foot last years, and thought the. best criterion he could odor was, to collect it florn the returns of the qttentiliet that paid duty, whet' than from the amotiiit of v which were l i able to fluctuation. lie held ill 1.4 hand a specification of the articles of consumpt im; which paid duty lot the last four years, and it seemed to be • fair way of stating the point, first to consider what the average was of the puts 1817, 1818, and 1819. 'toil then to show the actual cot,- gumption of, thi last year as compared with tliA average. The s•4l•wing then wea the rank:— Tf,'.-4veragt,sf die yeast 1811, 1818, sad Is,. 1819 From the blastilord, 181111,9a i lhe bib of April, 1820 Wbk sbews no Inconsiderable increase of 173,417 Cortez —Average of the years 1817, 18111, iad 1818 Last year Is which there was a diminution of, 664.727 Tooseco.—Aversce or (be years 1117, 1111, Doti 1119 1 4 91 ,7,5 . 11.1/5.917 Di mai o • 000 .. •• • 79 71 , 4 MAL?'" Vrtne a the Tom 1817, 1819, spa 1819 Litig year . hereon .. 1.839.111 Snotoo (georliollad Irish).—Average of 1817, 1818,aud 1819 5.173,7s Last year Diminution prit,7ss On this last article, however, he could mare the House, that the increased consumption of foreign spirits equalled the diminution in the consumptoso of the British spirits. He was not aware that there was any fallacy iii this statement; it was drawn from the accounts of quantity, and not from throe of the official value; and thence it appeared, that in the consumption of the last 'year, as compared with the average of the three years preceding:•tYiere was rather ass increase than a diminution. In the consumption of various other articles, such as pa. per, hides, skins, bricks, and tiles, the result shew• ed rather a trifling diminution. This account, so for as it goes, was satisfactory,' for it 'hewed, that in what depended upon ourselves, and which af. forded the best criterion of the wealth and resources of the country, there was no diminution. He tow came to the state of the foreign trade of the country, which he considered chiefly with re ference to the exportation of British manufactures. lii this he lamented to say there had been a coast. derable diminution. In estimating this point he was obliged to judge from the accounts of the cial valises, and he found that in the year 1818 11-e exports amounted to 48,937,0001. and in 1819 . 0t:!y to 37,939,506/. makiiii a diminution of more than 11,000,000/.1 Tluis diminution did not appear to great if compared with the average of the three • :ears 181 5 . 1816. and 1817, which amounted t.. 43.161,176/. 11 however seemed fair to compare Ws account of the exports of the lag year with the • amortiit of the most favourable years before the war, and also with the years" of the largest ex. port during the war. The amount of the official value of the exports in 'the year 1792, the most favourable before the war, was 24,905,200:. is 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, and 1811, the years of the largest exports during the war, the amount of the official volute in each severally was, in 1806, 2.5,000,0001.; in 1807, 27.000,000/p in 1808, 2.5.100000 L ; in 1809, 0.000,000/. ; 1810, 38,000,0001; and in 18U, 34,940,0001. Mese were the years of the year in selticb the fo reign ^osumeici of the country rose to the greatest extent—Lid. yet thy umpired of the official value of the exports of the last year exceeded that of the most flourishing of them. This falling off, how. ever, did nor take piece to any considerable 'Meta in the European "hart of this trade; indeed, the most striking iusiou,ce of dimitstition was one of 200,0001. in the article of reAned a trade which, since t opening of the Colonies and the 11 1 .cfatkplo Ate Poutureut of Europe, must Ire considered as last to this country. The trade to Ireland, he was happy to say, was every year increasing, but the diminution proceeded from the , glouted . sipte Of the 'East !odor markets, and from the meat haling off ip the trade to the United :Slates of North America, to aiiio) the exports had lilllllouthed by one•Andfin the lasi year. as compared with the year !preceding. This circumstance the E w ,arl attributed to the distressed state of the here'commireial rmbSrrassments prevail. ed, as he said, to an extent greater even than they were felt in any part of Europe. In this di.- tress of the . United States there was m ystery.. It was tire naturist revulsion from their former prosperiti, fOr dpring.the' war which raged fur the last quarter of a century. the 'Americans were the only neutral" iu the world, and they enjoyed the mbar eiteronve corryiog trade. Of thiatiaty ore de prited ,i4r be ' ,teloru of rim' ind Nary now are trlnsimpsuag. ay a,feri yeriiiier distress their for. mer profit.. This he certni•EY ilia not speak He bad already mid selicimst .to thew. that in his opiuMis there was no country in the world of t ills ta 9 v re U in g4 . o "" t . te :t t lassa lti.: f ro pir t l a b b o d t ' i c s o l o n o lht tiy irfr ,osto• Y it