The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1819-09-07 00:00:00

LANCASHIRE. ASSIZES. (Conctatdert grow our first pays.) CROWN COURT We never experienced greater difficulty in getting into a Court of Justice than in getting into this Court several minutes hefoie the Judges took their !amts. 'Every seat was crowded, and elegantly swid• ladies not only occupied the gallery *moo priotell to wittiesset, hut part even of the Grand Jury Aux. While puzzled to account for this un usual curiosity, we happened to oh v the grand otriactirei. Mr. Hoot sat immediately behind the ('oiati.rre seat, and before the Grand Jury box. Mr. Harmer sat on his right hand, and Mr. Pearson stn h i s 141. I.: calling, over the names of the Jostier+ for the the following gentlemen answered to their name., and thus furnished evidence that they were to foes the Grand Jrery:-- l.rwilev. John Blaekbtsene, Esq Edward Bootle Wil braham, F.q. Edmond Mushy, Esq. Williams Blundell. E n . Claviou, Esq, Robert Townley Cross, E.q. James K. 4 1. !Au F.ntwisttr. Fact Fox, Esq. John 11-iretrrivi,„ r... 1 I/4...0 Dolt, Esq. John Ijornhy, F..q. 1 1 n g RAP.' LA . She E-11 Thorns. Lynn:, Feel. Liater Parker, F.•:n S Phillip:, F. 19 Robert Towtr- Esq. James Slitilerrorth, Esq. James Starkie, Prreg.ine Missed Townley, E.q. Daniel Wilson, Eeq. '_ . Wtien their names were again called in order to he Nl►. rose and spoke to this effect—.“ My 1..t+1, 1 wish to address your Lordship with an ob. ser.atc--1 at shim stage. My name is Ilnot. I in. tend to ~ r cfer bilk of iodict►nent before the Grand Jury f•'•r capital felonies committed in this county. The relations of persons so accused ought not to be members of the Grand Jury, before whom these Inns are to be hit!: I heard names called of p►r. *oats rebit.il to those against whom I ato to lay bills rif indictment. 1 submit that those who are related M• tie..tf blond or marriage. are very improper per sons to ttletire into charge. of felony, of cutting and to:titian .7 with intent to kill, and of murder." Wonb--“ 1 can hear nothing at pre- sent upon that finl,iert." Nir. liont—'• The thing is, my Lord, novel and tinpreceilented in this count's.. I believe ins to-r -eeds-tit ran be found in the c; i 11l ilia, mews's of Rot in Ireland such proceediniss have been irtviet •. sod Mr. Heron George. alt Trim. laid it down th.it pone comsected with the accuses' by mar or erviissiigninity could sit upon the (3'1!Ill Now Mr. %Vilinaharn Egerton is Matta by marriage rir Mr. Hutton.—(The Clerk of Arraigns litre .and that there was no such name called.) — Mr. 1,:tolle Wilbraham is related to one of the partie.. I therefore protest against his acting, and !t)bwit whether be ought not, from delicacy, to sle eine act;;"_r, if no law commis him." Mr. Baron Woon—" There is a greet variety of other bills to inquire iroto, and no objection Cl4ll be made to Mr. Wilbraham respecting thesis. lie can withdrew when your bills are inquired into." Mr. E. Wilbraliarn—" My Lord, may I say a few words ?" Mr. Baron WOOD—" Sorely.'" Mr. B. Wilbraham..." After the singular and unprecedented Mr. Baron Woon—t. Ce r tainly it is so." Mr. IL IVilbrallem—" in *lnch I have horn mentioned I feel isi!trelf railed upon to say, that nlthenzh it did not enter into my Apprehension that any lulls of this kind were to be iequirell into, yet, it consequence of ohvereations whit Is I felt it my cloy to make In CiIIMOSO of the Quarter Sessi 111 l s as Liverpool, I revolved to take no part in inquiries c.,orreeterl with these transactions : and 1 appeel to !lie Noble Foreman whether 1 dill not say to him, tii r; 1 should think it soy duty to retire. 1 corr. relte myself equally coiripetent to inquire into Ilivar millers us into any others ; yet 1 thought it better to take no part in the inquiry. lam more Nearly related to moo lirr of the gentlemen alluded to, who is my nephew. than to the gentleman rimed. I hee your Lordship's pardon for having offered these observations." Lord STANLEY—" Although it must he per fectly unnecessary, I beg to add my testimony in tlie conversation ; and to say further, that I stated in reply, that it was utterly impossible for Into to know what evidence was to he produced ; sod that he ought to attend and hear the rvitlenee, sr.(' retire afterwards, if he thought proper." Mr. Baron Woon—" lie shoal,' retire only on ills:pinging into the evidence on those bills." Tip..? %hose names we have given having then been room, and the royal proclamation having been Mr. Baron WOOD thus charged the Grand Jot! II is unnecessary for me to state to Gentlemen of vein experience and knowledge the nature of sour ditty. I am sorry to see so heavy a calendar fur t *pita' offences. I also observe at the end of th• calendar the B arnes of several persona ander the se. ions charge of conspiring to eltstorb the peace • arid tranquillity of the country. 1 bare no donht but you will with patient investigniinn implies. into all 111411009 that shall be laid before yon. I hAve cuthing further to say, but that you will carefully v.:saline the evidence, and if reasonable and pro. Lable grounds appear in that eiideuce. yuu will put the persons essr their trial." Tice calendar contains 75 prisoners:-1 fur wilful mauler; . 13 foe highway robbery; 11 for bilrgiars ; 9 for unt.iiir. sod 6 for ptosceisimr,, forged Bank of England note,.; f..r id minder; 5 for petty larceny ; 2 fur stealing in a shaft. 1, .g 1101IPC; I for liorse.stenling; 1 to personating; a pea l. ' , Pr, in order to obtain his pension ; 11 for manalanglit, r; 1 f.st f o rging a bill of exchange: 4 for ssio'riser. base money; 1 for sti attempt to commit an unilateral offence; anti 7 (for orence, which we give in the words of ilw caleuslar) clung cif io the following terms : Jobe All3OlOOll, aged 25, committed by John Hararearcs, Janos Hargreaves, and lhavrreeice Halsted, Emirs. 3,1 Au gust. ISIS, charged with l'aeitig assumed the character of a ote or representative, at a public mbetiso; unlawfully coetened, and held near Burnley; and with having its the chsraeler aforesaid, at the said meeting, used certain ash lions expressions, wish intrut to excite contrary' and ilia. soaped to the laws and constitution of the realm; and with b.-iog in his possession, with intent to publish, certain se ditioos and libellous papers and writings, tending to vilify Comtitution to Church and State. Robert Jost's. agetl32, Joseph Healey. 311, George Swift.• 30, John Thacker Saxton, 42, Samuel Rainfool, 31, and Ro best Mid, 22, committed by WM. Holton, Ralph Wright, Wm. Marriott, Thomas Wm. Talton, and 33%. Norris, Vigra. and the Rev. C. W. Ethelston,29ll) August 1919, that they, the said Robert Jones, &c. being prisons of a wicked and turbnleut dispositiou, did, at hlanctoster, in the said county, op the 16th of August inst. combine, conspire, cmsfederate, and agree together, to excite tumult aud SusuiTretion witb:u ~.. 111 , :r ti rp. This realm, mid by fusee and viol►nce to alter the Covers awed and Constitution thereof as by law established. Mr. Hen', mill therm who have tarn bailed, are, of course, DOI entered &memo; the Po 141,111'1M in the calendar. We lament to Mid shut forty ~f the Pri•onevs are smiler thirty years of age, twenty under twenty-five, ■od tea under , i twenty. iebil Savir, az. il 20, was convicted of highway rithbeiy at Liverpool ; rcic. 1l Cann, D i ced 45, was convicted or strangle a milt' from John Rovileo, nt Liar. pool; James Robinson, :.f.'.l 2.3, and Jantra Thorpe, sited 27, w. re acquitted on a vb." highway rubbery, at Newton William Livermore, 10. pleaded collo, to the irge of ►sealing ISt from a Vomit. at Vieerpool. FRIDAY, SEPTI,MIIFII 3. Bills have heel' sent 'wirier the G. and Jury against the following n eurons. in reference to the late disturbances iit M:igichergter : —Mr. I• (beard Tehbutt, Mr. Thomas Mott, soil Mr. Robert Ikr. bythire, members of the Alancheater corps of yeo manry cavalry. for malicioisaly cutting sod stabbing, tinder Lord Elleuhorough • s Act ; and a t t,iiiiat Mr. Richard Often, a pawnbroker, of Maiichester, for perjury, committed by him in some depositinus sworn by him before the Magistrate*. upon which they were supp•.ced to have acted in the lute dis persion of the Reform Meeting at that place, by military force. An npl•heation was made to • the Court to allow Sarvuel Bernfeld, one Of the persona committed from Masichester, to go before the Grand Jury to give evidence on a bill preferred for perjury against Mr. Owen. The Court granted the application. Si► Charles IVolseley has been in Court this af ternoon. . - • Friday. Sere* o'Clock.—The Grand Jury have just plumed n true bill against Mr. R. Owen, of Alatichester, fin wilful and corrupt perjury. This. you will perceive, on reference to my Gomel . letter, is the permn on whose deposition the Magistrates of Manchester meted in the diversion of the late Re form Meeting by ■ military force. The hilts against the yeosuaurs cavalry have not yet been returned by the Grated Jury.—( Leeds Mercury.) FROM A PRIVATE CORRESPONDENT. Lancaster, September 4. lain—last night a true bill for perjury was found against Richard Owen. the person on whose oath the warrant was trawled on the Pith ult. against H. tient, Esq. J. Johnson, Eaq Mr. Moorhouse, and Mr. Kutch', and, in consequence of which warrant, the two forintr were arrested on the bust ing* and Ike two latter in about an hour afterwards. They were almost immediately pot into separate cells of the New Bailey, and the day following remanded until they procured bail. when the amount of hail required was asked, no an swer to this question could be procured. On Friday the 20th the y were separately brought up for what was called a sector' t xamilim • ;no witnesses were, however, produced against tiny or them, bet they were then remanded for a fur ther examination, on n charge of high treason, violin sepa rately and solitarily confined, and neither friend, relative, our attorney permitted to seem them. Thos they remained for an entire week, when these four, together with six others (besides a Woman who was dim-barged at the bite), were all !wench. tip, when Ilse charge of high treason MA/ given tip, and after a very psrtial exsminatioit of witnesses, they were finally committed In Lancaster Castle for a misdemeanor. Sureties for Mr. Johnson and Mr. Moorhouse instantly can't. forward ; bail fur the others nut !wing in Court, they were, contrary to all expectation, sent off for Lancaster in about an hoer under a military escort, thereby adding, if possible, smother pang to all those who sympathised with them. This examination commenced 31/0111 one o'clock, nod the military escutt at Rollout, a town about eleven miles from Manchester, was Onkfril, lu he ready at three o'clock. — Two or there other indictments for perjitry, aceisist wit. UM WI in this Clef, are before the Grand Jury, awl noisily others for w. ly, cruelly. and unlawfully cutting and maiming his Majesty's peaceable subjects assembled on that occasion. Half ! mg, Otte—The Grand Jury are examining evidence upon a hill of conspiracy spotlit Mr. Hunt soil his friends. S I bilis :Iceland some of the yeomanry, for capital fe lony on she Pith. were 12111 before th e Grand Jury yesterday ; lost, 14100.101 the charge against Mr. H. was pushed is this morning, the Jury havr resolved to postpone the case scninst the yeomanry, by bearing the case of conspiracy first. Mr. Hunt, under the advice of his solicitor, loss written a very spirited letter to the forem e n ( Lord Stanley), protest ing, in becoming terms, against this irregular proceeding, soil calling to the recollection of his 14)8.1116bl p and the Jury, that they are an Inquest to consider only, and nut a Jury to try oases. LANCASTRR. SEPTEMBER 4. TRUE BILLS FOUNlj_aomwwr HUNT, JOHNSON, AND OTHERS. A true bill has this day been found against Henry Hurst, Joseph Johnson, James Moorhouse, John Knight. Robert Jo n es, Joseph Heaky, George Swift, John 'Fbacker Saxton, Samuel Bamford, and Robert Wilde, for conspiracy. A true bill was also fantail against James Wroe (the Printer or the Manchester Olerreter). for a libel. About three o'clock this afternoon, Robert Jones, Jima. Healey, George S«l6, J. T. Saxton, Samuel Bamford, and Robert IViltle„ the prisoners charged in the above indictment, who hail remained in custody for want of bail, were brought up to plead. Saxton, addressing himself to his Lordship, said, 4 ' My Lord, inlay I liaae a copy of the indict ment ?" The Coo ILT--" Yes; the indictroent will be read over to you, when you must plead. If you plead Aot Gadfly, then you will be entitled to a copy of the indictment." Sastan—" IMy Lord, we are ready to plead now. We *fah to plead, that we may know the alumna of . the bail your Lordship and the Court will re quire of us." indictment was now read. It contained many counts. One of them charged all the prisoners (in cluding Ilunt,Johnsou, Nloorluntse, and Knight, who are at large upon hail. and have not yet been called on to plead), that they, with force and arms. did u..hivirulty, traitorously, anal felonic.usly, at Man chester, in the county of Lancaster, no the I6th day of Anglist, in the 5911 i year, &t. combine, conspire, cuidederate. and agree together, to excite tumult and i n surrection within this realm, and to alter the Government and Constitution thereof as by law established, anti against the peace of our said Lord the King, his Crown and dignity.— Another count charged the prisotters with using se ditious speeches for the same purpose.—Another with displaying banners, flags, &c. fur the same uri lawtul :Annuity, &c. &cc. The Prisoners were severally called upon to plead, each of whom rientleal " Not Guilty," and asked to traverse. I lealry, on bring asked, said, " Not Guilty. my Lcr.l, and my euemies know it." Saxton—" I already consider, any Lord, that your Lorslaltip kuuas r.l the exorbitant bail requited by the Magistrates of Manchester. We are all poor !trumps, and have families, and therefore find a difficulty in providing bail. I hope your Lordship will consider our t•i!nottitti." The COURT —!' The amount of bail shall be considered, and you must be 'lroned up spin on Monday morning, and you will then be informed of the amount." Bamford...." Wr have a number of friends here whir are going into oar r espective neighbourhoods, who could provide bail by Tuesday next, if your Lord.hip would now inform us of the amount re. • ziti:red." The COURT--" Ymt mind each of you be bound in .2001. and two siireties 111 Inn/. each." Socton-- 4 . 4 1 .1 y Lord, there are many of us who ••-e very poor, and whose ft lends me in the same •it station ; a hard w; user is coming 000 0 and it is very 143:41 Co , curio-at men to 1.4 y Isere upon Ili false eimrV! of our merciless prosecutors." CollitT:—" At present we know nothing but what the indictment charges you with. It is a very great crime. I cannot alter the amount of the bail." !holey MI V Lord, I reside within a quarter of a mile only from Yorkshire ; all my friends live in Yorkshire ; will your Liirdship permit me to bring bail from that county ?" The COURT—" Certisitily, from any where." Mr. /farmer and Mr. Pearson, both from Lon don. attended nu behalf of the Prisoners. The Grand Jury cat two hilla preferred by Hunt against Reath and Derbyshire (two of the witnesses against Gant *keit he was cotumitted), charging them with perjury. Illunt and btr C. Walseley have just left Lancas ter foregoer, in s ve.• IMO:past Fiat. p. Vt. •••.the Grand Jury have this moment eta four i n dictments against different members of Coe rlincliester yeomanry, which charged tbeiin with attacks upon different indi viduals. INDIAN HORSES. :From the Calcutta Journal of the 23d March, 1819.] Gti ZgEwortiC.—The following observations on country horses, made by a correspondent in tra velling through the Ghazeepore district, will, we hope, he interesting to some of our readers; we give them in the writer's own words:— " Having lately passed through the Ghazeepore district, throughout which the Government stallions are permitted to serve the mares uf lemindars, I was induced to make some oheervations regarding the produce that is likely to be de rived from the sy.tem now adopted fur the improvement of the tweed of horse.. I was highly pleased at having paid a visit to the depot at Ghaseepore, at which place nearly 400 horses for the cavalry and horse artillery are .toeing this month to be presented to a committee for admission into the service. The thoroughbred horses that are to he sent to Calcutta fur sale, attracted my particular attention — they are a fine stweiniett of what kind of horses may be bred un this side of India, puoisessing size and substance for any purpose, combined with much fashion and elegance in their appearance. " The horses intended for the army are strong useful colts, and if not ton severely worked until they are in full power, or about six years old, they will he found much more valuable than any country homes that can be proceved, fur even double the sum that is allowed by the Government. It may uut lie amiss to remark, that the stud-bred horses are longer in coming to their foil size and strength, than either Arab or country horses. I have even seen very many instatires of cults at the age of three or four years old bent, pr 11111111 l iced by good judges to be weak and washy horses, which, at the age of six or seven, displayed a tine vigorous appearance, and were will filled out. I will therefore ven ture to advise all those who have ally thing to do with young stud bones, not to be too severe with them until they have done growing; if they are so, they will find them wanting in that fine round form, which at the age of six years they will otherwise possess. " The coedit' of the horses at the depot is highly ere. Jilable to the officers of that department. and the manner in which they are broken in, has given them a very superior carriage, without making their months at all hard, or in the slightest degree atieeting their disposition. Generally speaking, they are quiet and tractable. In passing through the Gliazeepore district, I was induced to lake a look •t the foals which have not yet been brought up by the stud officers; I was gratified to see the circle mares and stal lions in good order, and their foals at the age of eleven or twelve months looking remarkably dean and healthy, and, generally speaking, they hail attained the height of shout thirteeu hands, without the slightest appearance of sores or disease of any kind. " The Zemindare mares not being so good as the circle mares, it can hardly be expected their foals should be so large as the others ; though somewhat smaller, they appear re mrikably well and very promising. The stud officers, I be lieve, have now authority to bay op all colts and fillies that are likely to attain any tolerable size; there can be no doubt that those which may not be considered eligible fur the ser vice will (if properly broken in for buggies and saddle horses) sell for much more than they can have cost tlw Government. The plan that is now adopted, of allowing colts of the same age to run loose in padducks, is productive of the most be neficial consequences, they soon become accustomed to each other, and when grown up, shew oo disposition to fight, as the country horses generally do, which ariex from their be ing kept separate from each other; it has another and still greater advantage, it itel'vents their becoming thick in the shoulders and over chested, which the country horses com monly are, and which defects are caused by the manner in which they are picketted, and their being obliged to eat off the ground, without ever (while in the stable) having an op portunity of elevating the tread to its natural height. " I was excessively pleased to observe the fine condition of the horses at Captain Hunter ' s depot; I attribute it to their being fed ou dry food. The oats and oat-straw is a must exrelletit food for horses, infinitely superior to wet gram and grass-cutters grass, which, generally speaking, has the effect of a mild laxative, whereas the former food acts quite the contrary. It appears to me that the cultivation of oats might be adopted very generally with great success, more particularly where alluvial laml can tie obtained, on which they flourish surprisingly. From what I have seen. I ran safely assert, that three and a half sees, of oats and five adroit( oat-straw per day, will keep a horse in finer condition, and enable him to go through harder work, than five seers of grant and seven or right seers of grass-cutters gratin will do. " During the hot weather 1 would advise moist grass be int substituted fur the oat-straw, it would be a remarkably good alterative, and tend mach to keep horses in good health. I have for a long time fed my horses MI parched barley instead of gram, mud find it a far better food, and, whenever I could, I have avoided giving green grass. I tried flu-experiment during the late war upon two horses which at the commencement of the campaign a ere in equally good condition, and I found at the eireclusion that the horse which was fed on patched barley, with any kinda dry jungle or the dry stalks of the bugnah and wan, was in very good order, whereas the horse that was fed uu moist gram and grass-cutters grass was a skeleton, like moat of the horses its the division to whirl' I was attached; ■s to the gelding', fur such work, they appeared unable to stand the cold, or rather the great change which in this country takes place in the twenty-fours. I have one which in the hot weather is always in very fine condition, and is I know as good a horse as is generally to be met with, brit during the cold weather he is always disreputable to be seen open, mid unable to perform a hard day's work. "nlwulJ These UhlerltatittllS Meet the eve of any person who can account for gelding, where hard worked, being in such miserable condition as ninety-due out of • hundred are, in the cold weather, I shall feel much obliged by the s►cret being commarocated through the medium of your valuable Jouriral. The staithbreil horses I ant cony:hied, fur general porpoises, are the best horses in India, nod I Ihope ere long to see • sufficient 'lumber of them to Roper **de the necessity of importing any but the fiats( Arabs." NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. Attired yerterdav the Ansa Dorothea, ream Batavia, oat bre mouth, and IS air ; Cosmopolite, Holland, from !.in firm for letliorn; Memory, Allen, from the South Ras; Fanny trinvport, from the Sledderraireau; mud Diadem transport, from Halifax ; the latter sailed on the Nth Amy.; left there the Nivrraole, Rear-Admiral Griffith, and Active, Sir James Gordon ; she loss hioneld humr drtachmeats of the Royal sappers and •ro, rec i. nientr, and the Womb& of she loco of oar ; 'CA/. 9nrt of she rtorrs of she naval yard at Ralik'', whirl, is rrdr rril. Also arrivrd the Phar.uti, from l'lladrva and Ittligal—left St. lie lima 1 31:. An ell Pt . &Sited the (Arne, for the Mcilitivrvisenn ; au 1 Marianna, lierris, for Malaga. 1.1.V‘:OV111, SVPTIIIINFR 4. arrived the Heron from a criii 4 e, and Hype from Porifinsouth ; 11.1, the 113111111111 V. FaiCl.llllelg, float Alicnbt, leaky; and Vision, Perry, (coon Genoa. rat-mourn, arrremnrn 3. Arrived the Diana packet, with made trout the Me4iirr raisean; sailed from Col fit July Itt, Nlalla July 31, and Gib raltar Ativnit 13; on the IA apoke the Swiftlitre packet. hoositl to Mrlta. Also arrivird Coe Harria, from St. Domino', in 45 awl Trojan, Brien, fouls Pet•r.brirch (A!, in h 5 S tiled the Duke of Alarllroroligh packet, with a mail for SFPTE3IIIIIt S. Art ive.l and .0111 M for the River yeaterell v. the littchnoler, MOST, from Nese Provo]. nee ; Coorest. Campbell, r St. V:IICCIteq ; A: Aral 11•. Byere. from Anti; nn ; Zoroaster. Rie., Iron Broca' ; Thetis, 4iid.iL4on, fro• 0 Jamaica ; and ort , m. Atom , t, from the South Seas.--Arrtved to-day the David Soot, !looter, Is tint ; :nand. n, Johenton, from Manilla ; Fanse,Treekley, from Li.ban ; Ann. Dayhorouils, from Oporto ; Ceres, Penn', from Africa ; and Snfrolk, Al- Ikon, from St. Thome+, tool Aniled for t!..nind ; Liebe, S o gdro, f r om Calcutta ; tome, Small, from St. Vincest's ; and Jaur, Milt intore, ia 27 dna from Vii;;;inia. • ON THE VALUE OF MONEY A7' DIFFERENT* PERIODS. [From The New Monthly iformine.) The Timidity of money expressed by any par ticular t•um in former times, and its value in the command of labour. or in the pnrchese of the necessaries of life. ■re often but ill understood even by men eminent for their talents, and for the extent of their general information. Of this Dr. Johnson affords a very remarkatsto instance. when speaking, in his " Tour to the Hebrides," of the salary bestowed by Bishop Ephirirtone. founder of the King's College of Aberdeen. on the learned Boethius. as an inducement to draw him from Paris, to take upon him the superin tendence of the nerdy-erected university. " Doe thius, us President of the University," says the Doctor. "enjoyed a revenue of forty Scottish marks, about two pounds four shillings and sixpence of sterling money. In the present age of trade and taxes, it is difficult even for the imagination so to raise the value of money. or so to diminish the de. minds of life, as to suppose four-and-fnrty shil lings an honourable stipend ; yet it. was probably equal not only to the Heeds, but to the rook of Brie thius. The wealth of England was, undoubtedly. to that of Scotland. more than five to nue ; and it is known that Henry VIII., amongst whose faults avarice was never reckoned, granted to Roger As chant, as a reward of his learning, a pension of lu!. a year." In these remarks the Doctor manifests • want of consideration, awl the origin of his error is in converting forty marks into only 21. 44. Gel. The English and Scottish pound originally were the same. and each of them war a pound weight troy coined into twenty shillings, awl accordingly, the con traction of libra (lb.) which is now exclusively em pkyed to drill/ft s pound in weight. was employ.: ed indifferently, either for a pound in weight or a ponied in money, both in maisuscripts and printed books, at least as late as the middle rif the seven teenth century, in the time of the wars of Charles 1. The penny was the 240th part of the pound, and a penny-weight is accordingly still the term employed for that pert of the pouted weight. troy. Front time to time different Sovereigns, that they might the more easily pay their debts, coined a greater ',umber of shillings from the pound, noel in Queen Elizabeth's time the number of shillings coined from a pouted was sixty two ; after which no alteration was made till the late coinage, when sixty-six were made front the pound. The same system of diminishing the quantity of silver in the coin was carried on more rapidly in France, until at last the !tyre or pound contained so little silver as to be worth only about ten-pence, or about one seventy-fourth of ►ts origi nal value. The Scottish soveteigies for a long pe iiiid, until the middle of the fifteenth century, kept the coin of the country equal in value in that of England ; when its 1451 Jatnrs Meowed 31. 46.6 d. to be made from the pound, after which the system proceeded with an accelerated velocity: and about fifty years after, when lioetleius beileme prin cipal of the King's College, 7/, were coined from the pound• ; and there hue fort• inier4s, the amount of hit salary, independent of his house, &c. (Nonpareil with the money in 'use after the time of ElizAcilt, would contain exactly as fliDell silver as 111. Ili.. 2.1. and, compared with our present coils age, as 12/. I Is. 511. The list of these two, and not V. 4s. G.I. is what Dr. Johnson ought to have stated, and the wonder which he expresses, and the labour to which he proposes to subject the imaging two, are about fire /bats as great as they ought to hove been. It may be ■ matter of curiosity to some of your renders, to know by what nn.•aus the principal of a iiiiiversity could live on forty marks, or 261. 13s. 4d. Scots, of the coiousge of that period. It ap pears, from the lists of ecclesiastical lands in Scotland, and the rents at which they were let, and the commutation prices of grain, sheep, oxen, poultry, &c. previous to the Reformation in the I lar- Irian MS. No. 4,613, that a dozen of poultry were commuted for 4s. Scot.; a mart or fully-fattened ox, fon 24r. Scot.; a boll of grain for 4s. ; a ►heep for 45.; it barrel of pickled salmon. of four cwt. for 41. lu the lipids of the priory of Monymusk, ill Abeideenshire, we find the pasturage of six horses at Ga. and the pastrage of filly sheep at 45. per annum. The extent of uncultivated land, at that time must hare been very considerable. Perilous some of your correspuodentes will favour us with information respecting the value of English money at that time in the command of labour, or Mt the purchase of the necessaries of life. JAMES MITCHZLII.. • yule Ruthlimateg Preface to Andersou'a Diplonests. IRELAND. DUBLIN, SIFIEJIP.EIt 3. The Talbot steam packet arrived yesterday even ing (rain Holyhead, with upwards of forty passer.- ger, and three carriages. This is a further proof of the confidence of the passengers, who wtre veer board of her while she remained in Holyhead dor dig the heavy gales of Monday and Tuesday. The church of Newtown Butler, count, ar F r._ tnalingh, was destroyed by fire on Saturday mt.,- icg. A man who wan employed to shoot c.o.', which infested the church-yard very notch, FIN' vt some of them on the roof of the building, an whuir the burned wadding lodged, and having bee n posed of alliogles, they immediately took tire, and consumed the building before assistance e nn • i i procured. On Tuesday last was married, by ,peri 4 ll:,,,, me. in Lard Viscount Gowen home, by di. P.es. J on ., BURY PALLISER, his Lordship's ilomesucChapdos, Tido' AS WHITE, Colooel. of the county at Dubin' Mullin., anti eldest son of LUKE WH ITE, Esq. of Woodlands, cot. of the liepruseidatises in fir the county of Leitrim, 10 tilt Ilan . .11:LIANA VEREKER, daughter of Lord Viscount Goer. After the ceremony was performed, the bridal party partook of a siimpluows twealiftht, awl the iirw married c.iiple bt.t oil soon afterwards it a (I.lf 1..1 ,11111 tour to lidliker, the a-at of .Colositi 1V it 1 Ws brother, who is at peneut iu Euslautl. mearicrs. CORN MCNAMAR, NinseAT. UPI. s. Althinvzii we hal a sawiteraseenpply of Wheat (4,3111 quarters; 61/1111 Esse% and Keel, yet the Wee were very bran, at a decline of f b 4s. per Tont. r from this din week. Rai ley is gooey in dessaate, and suppo►t, its nice. Th e s upply Cliclisit sad Foreign, wa■ IneTe (17,1tfl quarter.), mail the sale dull. Grey Pease are Mo. ( hot, sal 2s. per ipiarti r cheaper. In efiser kinds of Grans there i. UU site, al ion. GUILDFORD, SErrrarsm 4 iVhr . st, per lutd . l9l Os to 211 Os New dim. 04te, per cpuirter I f Os lo 1/ 11. Rye Beans, pe► gaarter. Pease, per ganrier ...„ 2/ 4. le 2/ led 24 lit to 21 Hi SMITHFIELD MARK6I% Our market this morning was fully supplied sli. p o w. Beasts, and the 1.11 ,, , of Cattle I. other respects sw c 0.,. limbic Beef and Lamb urea. cheaper; 315at05i.0 r ..,.. Veal and Pork support last prices. The trade in !rawd wag somewh.it brisk.—Tlie sales in the Haymarket woe no wt hvely-11.iy has dropped in price; Straw (embed g lamer price; Cloy , r obtained last price.—SubJoioed is a rosiest statement of the prices and Numbers : To sink the offal per stone of Slb. 8eef....3 J. P.I. to 4s. 14.1. Read oft .tbe tkis Asps... Mutton. 41. 4.1. to 54. 14 I. Beasts 4 2411 1amb...4 i. Sd. to its. Mi. Sheep and !Anil 1....1.1.19 7 Veal .....4s. 0.1. to ss. 4.1. Calves Ila Pork ....4 a. Pd. to 6.. 0.4 1 Pies 3on 11AT-11A Itli ET. Hay." .... V. 10. thl. 'to M. lfs. 01. Straw Clover 4l. 1114. 0.1. to 7/. 0.. nd NEAVGATE AND LE4DISIIHALI, (Ky the Carcros.) Reef .... 3.1 8.1 to 44 4.1 I Veal 4a Sato& n 4. 44 to 10,1 Puck 5. 84 to Gs 8' LAtstb.B.i 44 to Ga 44: PRICES OF HAY AND STRAW T. J %WES'S. WHITCCP 4prc.. Hay 5/ 0. 0.1 to 6f 0, 0.1 1 limy.. 51 5. 04 to 6' 6.0./ 1 StrAw 1? 10. 0 , 1 to 21 64 Oa New do 01 0. Oa to 0/ 0..1; Cloves 01 04 04 to 01 06 Oil Straw 21 04 11.1144 ti S. u I Clover 71 to 04 to Pt S. al PRICE OF tiopi, per C.(. GROWTH, Tient Pockets, 704 to 841—• Bags, 64s In tuncex 111119, naS II) 75),---Dilio, 56s to trit Farnham ditto, 90.1 to 90s fIIItOWTII, 1810. Kent Puckett!, 73e to 9tho---Sisea.x p oc kets, 704 to X4l Doty, 1115,000/. PRICE OF RAW FAT, per stone As stated by the Tlllow As stated by the Butchers. Melte. s. I St. JaIIIPOI Market. 3s 9',1 ;I. James's Market ..3s 9.1 %Vhiteelrippl Mitt last 3. Wl...trek:tile! Market 3s 8I 5!.,1 81J PRICE OF CANDLES. From Tallow Chandlers 11..11. Pik* of Candles, per dozen, 12s DJ—Moulds, 13' 6J. 6.1. per dozen allowed for nails twiny. PRICES OF TALLOV Town Tallow OSA 0.1 Yellow Russia 62, 0,1 Whit• ditty...--s 04 Ad Snap 'IOW—. SR. A.l --s 04 Melting StnllsOn 0.1 Dill° r0ug1t..321 Oil ', SOAP, Itc. per 11211). Yellow &lap ...... •••• F t 4 Mottled Curd lnlq Graves t4. ft Goud Dregs ..... , ik th RAW HIDES. Beet Heirers sod steers (per Ordinart•.. 4 24 CI te '2.: tl stone).. 2s 84 to 34 04 51:trket Calf.. Os to S•. „M %lOWlittcs 2s 441 in 28 6 , 1 En,l. Horse As 0.1 lo 04 1 , 1 ---- SIIEEP SKINS. Lambs, 2. 4tl Its S. MI —Sl.rits Ititgo. 2.1 t'd lu 'N. f Police'. Ls 9.1 In 4. OJ COAI. MAIM er, Scrritscut 6. Ship* at Market. Sh.tat ,4 , 11.1. Fri.,. 77 Ne.Gtstle 176 Solokrltottl l4 ..„ 34• 4.1. to 10+ 31 3 Weld' Coal I Cinders - 04 ------- PRICE OF STOCKS YESTERDAY. 3 per Ct. Cons. 71n 71 I EL Kdlr. 2.... 3 2 5 per Ct. N. An... I Do. Com. 13 IS 14 (1:-. lochs Bonds.. 13 12 pt. I Coos. fur Aec... 711 i: (Minium 11 pr. _ _ MARRIAGM At St. Ccorze's Church, Bloomsbury, on the Ist luso, 1, Mr. William Smith, Architect, of Kenton-street, Ett it square, to Miss Richie, of New Boot-street. At Glanmire church, near Cork, on Thomas!, tlrr =6th ult. by the Rey. the Archdeacon of Cork, William Br o. kr, Esq. barrister at-law, to Emily, only daughter of the I. Robert Wilmot, Esq. barrister-at-law, and Dr puty.Recnokr of that city. DEATH. On the 44th Ult. at Monist Prospect, county of Poorosi• mon, John Browne, E•q. son of the lite Hen. Cowl Prewar, Member of Parliament fur the county of 31 ,0 . and grandson to the Earl of Altaniont. HIGH WATER THIS DAY AT LONDON WHINE. Morning • after 4. Evening 17 after 4. LONDON : Pristeol sod eitttliehed et the Oifteg, No Fe. Sursad; when A.tvettises•rats are Testi:mil, alta le:: t , (post.psiell nest be .eltiresseil--C. 8111TH. Cletteese. lea, Ptio WHITE, Na. V, St! 1,.A. Publisher INT I