The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1824-09-09 00:00:00

rigIItONABLE IWTELLICENCIC. & N am d e 11'illmiglihy entertained the Alirellioness of West reeath, Cot. Fremantle, His. Foamy. and select party, at dinner, oi Tuesday, at her N u rse. The Doke of St. Alkin's and the Ladies fleiuclerk, arrived. on Monday. at their houie, in S. Jae cti a square, t---1 their seat, Batton. Surrey. The Doke and Pechess of lwinster left town on Tuesday, for Ityndmair.. Earl Stair has left Thomas's Iterkeley.mmare, for Erightern. fur l'ointeris of Dartmouth has left Blackheath for Lord Bagot'a Staffordshire. rie Countries of Cimarron has lei. town for the Ea?! of Egre mont's mat, Petrowth. Sussex. Lord Nugent has lent town on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Jersey. a! theirmat, Middleton Park, 4 tifor.l.liire. Tier Earl of Carnarmei has left his seat, Iligh f tare, Berke, on a tour thy - m . 4h Scotland. The Marquisor Il'orcestcr has arrived at Holding'. Hord, Do- TET•strett. from Perla. The I limourable Colonel Leyrester Suudiope left town on Tut a day, tor Paris. Arrivals at the Royal lintel, St Jatnet's..treet :—!ine. George Edwards. from a tour: W. E. Powell, Fe; , ALP., from ditto ; sing Mr. Man*, from ditto. Ikparture.:—J. Thompson. tat ; the lion. Mr. Twistleton and Jatimi Vogt., Esq., 101 Lard hurdler s seer, Belvedere, Kea. Tb Carl and Counter* and the I.adic. Aside:v. 'taro, have ar med in Paris. Coghlin left nodose!: Hotel, St. James's. place, yester• day, fur Tunbridge Wells. Departures from Kirkham's lintel, Lower Brook-street t.—J. Howard, Esq., fee Oxford 4 George Esq., for Brighton Riclisnl Tyrrell. Esn., tor his seat in St-And - shire Ale. and Airs Berkeley, their seat in Worcestershire. Sir J.cob and body Aatley arrived yesterday at their house in Hereford..trei r, May-fair, from the Continent. Arrir.dh at the Bath Hotel, Arlington-street t--Air. and Mrs. Northey, from Susses; arid Mr. and Mimi Wormer, from Bath. repariires:—Major and Mrs. like Revd family, fur the Continent ; Ni. Colour:, for hie scat, Seetou, Kent. ON THE CUSTOM OP PRIMOGENITURE. Fru= tM keshiagh neriewl Fortunately this is a question—and in the whole science of political economy there is probably none of greater prw twal importance—which we are not forced to argue on inertly speculative principles, but which we can bring to the test of actual experiment. We have long been witnesses of the whe e ls of the custom of pihnogeniture as applied to the succession to lauded property ; anti in Fran* i law was 'meted soon after the Revolution, which abolished all the previously existing institutions nod customs respecting the succession to property, and established a nearly equal sys tem cf division emong the different children. This law has now been in force for ur wards of thirty years; and a sufficient time has in consequence been afilereled for observ ing its operation and effect. It is proper that the result of this most interesting and Ogaotic experiment should be generally known. Nor do we we how our pages could be better employed than in communicating to our renders and the public the information we are possessed of on this sub jee.t. It will. if we are not greatly mistaken, go far to put down most of the objections that have been made to the custom of primogeniture, and will at all events show the mischief of attempting to enforce a system of equal IitICCCS` •__ Accenting to the law of succession now established in Trance a person with one child is allowed to dispose of a moiety of his property as he pleases, the child inheriting the other moiety as a matter of right ; if a person has two children, he is only allowed the absolute disposal of a third of his property ; and if lie has more than re,., three fourths of the property must he equally amongst the cliihlren, one-fourth only being left at his own disposal, either to increase the portion of his favourite child, or to leave to a stranger. When the lather dies intestate, the property is equally divided amongst all the children, with-. out reeved to sex or seniority. It has been said, ire favour of the equal partition of !elided property among all the members of a fan ily, that such is the mode in which the fortunes of merchants and' manufacturers, anal generally of all the monied classes, are actually distributed amongst their children, and that no bad effects have been found to result from it. But there is, hardly any analogy between the cases. The children of a l merchant or banker who have shared equally in the pater nal property, may, if they please to form themselves into a myelin carry on the filminess with equal advantage as their father. Hut this can never be the case with the family of a landed proprietor. Fanning cannot be ad vantageously carried on by joint-stock companies. When an estate is divitliel into equal po. :ions to each child, the paternal home will be downed by all but the eldest son, and in general there will be as many separate mansions end families as there are children. !tut the degradation in the ideas of all elasse. respecting the Wele in which gentlemen ought to live would probably be the worst effect of the establishment of a system of equal inheritance. The institution of primogimituie, by giving the great bulk of the father's property to the eldest sou, not only compels the younger children to become industrious, but it also stimulates them to exert themselves to the utmost to emerge from the depressed condition in which they are placed, and to rise to an equality with their elder brother. We arc also disposed to thick that the state and magnifi cence in which our greet landed proprietors live act as pow trial Me mires to the indite try and enterprise of the mei-- tactile and manufacturing classes, who never think they have accumuleted a sufficient fortune until they are able to emulate the splendour of the landlords; whereas, had these pest propertira been frittered down by the scheme of equal ihriesion amovilhildren, the standard of competence would hare teell ItilVald universally, and there would, in COIllie• eptence, have been less exertion among all classes of the com munity. The Marquis Gander, the very intelligent translator and meteor of the Wealth 4 Naliuns, in arguing in favour of the law of equal succession, contends that the passion which impels every rich man to extend his fosseesions, sad to aJd thld to field, will clways effeetuelly ore 'balance the principle of subdivision. Rut the rule established by the etireitsi French law, that the estates of individuals having families mug be divided at their death, will naturally in duct the greater number to amass moniiel fortunes in pre ference to land. The facts too thut M. Gamier has stated pine the very opposite of his theory ; for they show that, Ails there is a very great demand in France for small latches of ground, there is very little demand for moderate sitel farms. Thus, M. Gander informs us, and his au tkerley is unquestionable, that a farm which would bring yearly rent of 4,000 or 5,000 francs (160!. or 2000 will Nast:llas a whole for above 23 years' purchase; while, if it were divided into a number of small lots, it would most probably sell fur 40 years purchase.--(Riehesse des No bs,. mine vi. p. 179. Ed. 102'2.) This fact is pregnant information; and with information, we regret to say, flow Siva the most unfavourable view possible of the state , t ' o3. l l ;turlee. It proves that agriculture is net prosecuted in knletn as it is prosecuted in England, for the sake realizing a profit on the capital etnployed in c arrying it u•'llut in order to acquire the means of existence! With 1 4 1:1 3 strong natural inducement to subdivide properties, a law forcing their subdivision, the prospect be hanet is e- mainly far from flattering. And no French itho is nut perversely blind to the real interests of hie c ~nnitry, can doubt that it is the duty of the Government 7 .. urt thrimel r. to the utmost to counteract this destruc t:X(ln. If it is suffered to run its full length, proper li."lll,' Perpetually heisening, until, to use the words of ea ,,," 4l upr "you mire at the litnit, beyond which the cultivate it as y ou phase, will feed no more mouths: simple tan usures which instigate to marriage will 4.enfal tre. Vim then is the consequence but the most nosginable! By persevering in this system you 7 exc. the populousness of C hins , where the carcares of digs, eats, rats, and ever y ' spec . ice of filth 41 te rm . w, mcm n oun are sought with avidity to sustain the life of d e4s , ouru only to be starved. Small properties much hi.,7 Pr , ure the greatest source of misery that can pawl nZt:ited j and this has operated to such an extent tee, "in France, that a law ought undoubtedly to be to render all division te....10w a certain number of ers., • g m t ' if ll ....L hfisl."--(l"rare/s in France, 1. p. 413.) si.7" W hoa as NIT• Young's opinion in 1709, how much mast he have had for coining to the same coo -1 velem almost all :he large estates Gbell existing .„." 1 . 4 , nu, have been broken up, anal the succession to -Lou p i a c h e , , tinan • retulated by the principle of equal di , :11, g the children ? Had an assembly been held "Petri rie ealS Tose of devising the means by which they de r ,, efiic sally depress France, and bring her into y " id VI 01 situation as Ireland, we do not believe ave hit upon any 'chow so well calculated ee thci, - ob j ect, and to extinguish every Cern; of J )t: De.-- future improvement, u the institution of the law in: question. The effect that this splitting of estates has already had on the populatian of France is most striking. In despite of all the massacres of the revolution, and of the bloody wars in which France was subsequently eiteagell, and in despite too of the loss of her for •ign trade, and of the decay lof many branches of her manuf ac t ur i ng i n d us t r y, h e r population l.as regularly increased since the Revoiutiott. In 1180, Nicker estimated the population of France, ex- I elusive of Corsica, at 21,678,000; and, inclusive of that : island, at 121,800,000. In 17i.9, Poinclles, from a coin- I parison of the registers of births, deaths, and marrieges, estimated the inhabitants of France, including Corsica, at 23,065,000 individuals of all sexes and ages. A committee ' of the National Asrembly bestowed a good deal of atten- titli on the same suljet•t, and the result of their inquiries gives a population of C6,1r1,000 ; though, from the cir cumstance of the taxes being diminished to the Foorer classes in proportion to the number of their children, there is reason to suspect that this estimate may have been sow what too high. In 1903, however, the population of old France amount( it, according to an actual enutiteratim, to no less thaa 27,70,000 ; and at this moment it rather ex creels thirty millions ! This is a great and an extraordinary increase; and as tht re has been no increase of manufac tures, it is one which could not possibly have taken place hut for the division of estates caused by the Revolution and the law of equal inheritance.—(Purhet Slat. lam. p. 226.) The agricultural class in France consists of—. 1,121,000 proprietors argil their families, living wholly or mostly on the net proceeds of land, with an ineeme of from two to twenty thousand francs a year for each family 001. sterling to nun/. a year). 1!,058,000 proprietors and their families, of the class of ratants, livi'tg pertly by their labour, with an income of from 64 to 444 francs a year (2!. los. to 17/. 11s. sterling) for each family. .1 ; 941,000 agricultural labourers, who are nut proprie tors. Therrfore one-half of the pepulat7on of 'France is corn. pos e d of pitt i triettss, great or swan and one-oats of agri cultural labourers; and altogether two-thirds are employed ih a t Heulture. In no country of Europe is there such a vast body of proprietors ; anti in no ciViliZol EUtopeali country, with the tingle t xeeption of Ireland, is there so large a propor tion of the population dirt ctly engaged in the eultivauon, or rather, we shoul.i say, the torture of the soil. And yet the system is only in its infancy. Should it be supported in its present vigour for another half century, ha grunde turfi.,4 witl eettainly be the great' st paupt:r wuren in Europe, and will, along with Ireland, have the honour of furnishing hewers of wood and drawars of water for all the Act countries of the world. In countries where capital is accumulating in masses, and where there are no vicious laws or habits to force the in terminable div;tion and subdivision of landed properties, the newest and most powerful machinery is applied to the cultivation of tlei soil, amp the division of rural employ ments is carried to its fullest extent. But wherever property is very much fi Ounce! down, such methods of facilitating production eau be but very partially introduced. In the greater number of French, as of Irish farms, it is impossible either to adopt a proper system of retatiou in cropping, or to erect thrashing machines; and in many instances the homes are the joint property of several sets of farmers! IVhatever increased supplies of food may be required in a country occupied by small farmers, must be chiefly produced by an increase of animal exertion; and raw produce must, therefore, rise in price with every in crease of population, or as soon as it becomes necessary to cultivate any portion of inferior soils. There is, in such cases, no principle of improvement in operation to counteract the effect lof increasing sterility. It is neither checked by improved machinery, nor by any expedients for saving labour. But bring allowed to exert its full effect, society very soon becomes clogged in its progress, and its future advancement is rendered extremely problematical. The custom of equally dividing the paternal property, whether freehold or leasehold, among all the children of a family, has been long acted upon in Ireland. Sir John Davies, in his valuable tract, entitled Diseonerie of Me Causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued by Me Eng. dish, men' ions this as one of the customs that had mainly tended to perpetuate the barbarism and poverty of that country. " The custom of eavel-kinil," rays he, "did breed another mischief ; for thereby ever man being born to land, as well bastard as legitimate, they all held them selves to he gentlemen. And though their portions were never so small, and themselves never so poor, for gavel kind must needs in the end make a poor gentility, yet did they scorn to descend to husbandry or merchandise, or to learn any mechanical art or science. Besides, these poor gentlemen were so affected to their small portions of land, that they rather chose to live at home by theft, extortions, and coshering, than to seek any better fortunes abroad."— (p. 17Y, Ed. 1747). We have to) reason to dilate on the probable consequences of the French law of succession on the political interests of the country ; but it would be very easy to show that they must be fatal in the extreme. Far from joining in the out cry that has so frequently been raised against the magnitude of the property in the hands of the aristocracy, we consider the existence of a numerous and powerful body of landed proprietors, without artificial privileges, but possessed of great natural influence. as essentially contributing to the improvement and stability of the public institutions of such densely peopled countries ns France and England ; and as forming the best attainable check to arbitrary power on the one hitiol, and to popular frenzy and licentiousness on the other. It would ha the height of absurdity to sup pose, that an agricultural population, feeding on potatoes, and with Out any means of rising in the world, should be very deeply imbued with a just actin. of their own rielits or of those of others. An agricultural population, spread over • wide extent of country, has no point of re-union. Men only feel their own consequence—they can only act in a collective capacity, and with vigour and effect—after they have been condensed into mess's and collected into cities. It is comparatively easy to animate the inhabitants of • large town with the same spirit; there is a sympathy in' their joys and in their sorrows; and the redress of an injury'! done to a single individual becomes, in mimic measure, the bushiest of the whole. But with agriculturists, the ease is different; they can always be trampled down piecemeal ; they cannot act collectively; and must therefore submit themselves, with comparatively little resistance, to the yoke of the oppresser. Of all the arguments in favour of the minute division of landed property, that which supposes it would contribute to keep alive a feeling of manly Uide pendence, seems the most futile and preposterous. Mr. John Poole is the reported author of the now farce which is announced to be acted very shortly at the Hay market theatre. _ INDIANS AT Ili •FIIINOTON.-(FrOLTI the National Journal of August 14.)—" The deputations of Indiana now at the seat of Government visited General Mason's cannon foundry on Wedneslay evening last, where they had an opportunity of acting a thirty-two-pounder cast, and of inspecting the boring machinery. It was highly interesting to witnrn the deep impressions made upon ' these red men of the woods by this exhibition of tire -and melted iron, and by the music of the augurs, as they made their slow and difficult prom's through the body of tl:e cannon. 'f he whole was a scene of wonder to them; and that peculiar faculty of concealing their emotions, which the Indians exercise when strange sights are displsyed to their view, furnished but a thin veil over the inward workings of surprise. One of the interpreters requested them to look well to all they raw, as they might some of these days have occasion to make guns too. " Impossible," replied one of them. " that can never be." After the foundry and its operations had been well scrutinised, they were invited into the second story of the boring mill, where refreshments were served out to them, cautiously prepared in the form of sangstree, lemonade, Ike. While this weaker sort of drink is better for the Indians themselves, it nerves. at the same time, to impress them with a greater respect for thins., who present it. Whiskey, or other strong liquor, on the con trary, though they prefer it, leads them to feel a disrespect and contempt for those who serve it upon them. They , left the foundry about six tielerk, to visit the Secretary at War, at his residence, followed by at least 2,000 men, so nett, and children, attracted by the strangeness of their costume. if an almost entire nudity, with painted heads r and faces, may be called costume." • peat pr division • have he tt suttee, amity, a Thu 1 tt muotato • the law impels aid tik 1 a existitig ll duce th tr tamee Is e Prove d while t! patches 14,4 to do thori l a 7 , ..ur1] not se ti wove t▪ o Probsl.l a o . ^l, t with ii, T . Illat 6 ale r! Et at lhtki ghat pry 33, ILul the kr% 3 wi 40- foe p. !ter re- tAntr art' wctrl ions tier he Ir 4 1111.-- i lr. y, ark , e on watt taco orllc.. titot 41 14 f. the %e n , t age ° to- and le * M4 t, at to k ) at ai4 d here Patki LI in alon - Rat IT. to 1414 t r eyed nazi to c h , ers an 1!.,. 71iph awe or J the sat alter, lie Die" 4 MORE.4V*S STATE OF THE BRITISH TRADE Summary Recapitulation of the whole Trade carried on In the last Pis Years, by Great Britain, with Europe, Asia, Africa, and Atnerica, and each Kingdom, State, or Colony depending on the same; and stewing the Balance in favour of or against the Imports or Experts.—Extract of the interesting and curious Chart of Moreau's State of the Trade of llreat i;ain with all Parts of the World, from 1697 until the present time (182'2). IMPORTS at:tl DIVISION OF EAU! TRADE. IMPORT/ :in 123 years) from EXPORTS (ill 115 y.ar IMPORTS over the EXPORTS. EXPORTS! OT'f tIIC I Hronl s. Ex rnaTs (United). Furore. Ditto In the Continent I AU Puts of tlic Wu:li. Awake ttrope (Total) A Ails Africa The Whale Fiabery, Prizz Good:, &e. &c. Grand Total Europe. Foreign, North and South. Germany, Inc.luding Ilanoser and llclipland Belgian, (Holland and Flanders) . . Portugal, AZOts.S. 31.:.leira, nail Cape de Val . Russia, and the Ports out the Black Sc. „ . Spain, Majorca. Minorca, and Cam./ Islands Italy, Sicily, and the Austrian Ports on the Adriatic Prussia, Putt of IN. toil-. and Duchy of i'ornenutia France, and the Island of Cordes - . Norway and Denmark Patialen (nut includnig Norway' ) . . Turkey and Egypt - - . 11,itIsli Islands. Ireland . . . We of Mae, Cluemsey, Jersey, Alderney, aad Sark Europe. Brit iA. Gibraltar and Straits (from 16117 ' w 1802) . - Malta (from 11101 to 182'2, - 'aim Islands (frunt ICU, to ION) . - America, north and South. Dritisl. West iodize . . . United States . . - Foreign Wes, Im:in - . . British Northern Col nirt - . Brazils (from IEO3 to 142'1) - - Spanish Colonic (from (4041 to i 322) - British Tonnage of Vessels Cleared Outwards (in 176 years, are favour of the British, 70,961,643 Toni.—Net Payment Into the Ex • The Articles we import tram Russia, Prussia, and Sweden, a Rhubarb. Linen, Mats, Sail Cloth, Tallaw, Deals, !singles, 111 Turkey, Silk (raw), kladatir (uarr.anufacturetl), Currants, Dam il Berries for Dyers' use, &c. &c.; and from the Enid and West 1 Sugar, Rum, indigo, Tea, Pepper, Cloves, Dyewoods, Cocoa, d STEAM NAVIGATION TO INDIA. Lieutenant J. H. lor" .. ” . " — insten, of the Royal Navy, has just published a prospectus for the formation of a Com pany to communicate by steam navigation with India, on the subject of which we Iwg leave to lay before our readers a few remarks, as it is a project which has long appeared to us to be quite feasible, and tiow that Mr. Blow re's gas en gine is about to be brought into play, perfectly simple and easy. Mr. Johnston arrived in India at a time when there was a strong prtjudice against steam navigation, and found some difficulty in gating together a meeting even to listen to his plans. This prejudice hail arisen from an abortive attempt to tow vessels up the Hoogly with a steam boat, of only thirty-two horse power, and at the same time the beat so large, that the Fw:l- was hardly sufficient to propel her against a current, which, during the rains, runs at the rate of not less than six or seven knots an hour. However, he did get a !netting called. and the result was, that a premium of a lac of rupes (about 10,0001.) was offered for the first man who should carry a vessel by steam to India. The only objection we can see to this scheme, Mr. Johnston has anticipated ; we allude to the inveterate prejudiced of all Indians, native and European, against innovation, and their excessive love of ease and comfort, which would deter them from going in a steam-vessel, though they were sure of getting home in a fortnight, if they discovered that the wine on board was bad, or not sufficiently cooled. Indeed, we never yet heard of an Indian, when be meditated a voyage, asking any questions relative to the sufficiency of the vessel in which he was to embark—the nautical skill of her Officers, or the number and efficiency of her crew ? All these, as being points of minor importance, arc taken for granted. Not so the accommodations and the state of the cuddy table—these cannot be taken on trust, but a minute scrutiny is set on foot ; witnesses are examined and cross-examined as to the proficiency of the cook—the materials on which he is to exercise his vocation—the growth and vintage of the wines—and no ordinary certificate is required to establish the character of the Ilodron's pale ale. All these things, however, can be had as good on board of a steam-vessel as on board of an Indian•.an, but nothing short of actual demonstration will convince the worthy Anglo-Asiatic.a of this fact. For various reasons, Mr. Johnston intends, in the first instance, at least, to go round the Cape; for though the Mediterranean be a :tearer route, yet the fear of the plague, and our absurd quarantine laws, would form a bar to that mode of proceeding ; there is sonic fear enter tained (particularly by Captains of Intliaint.n, who would suffer s:verely were it to be found practicable) with respect to the possibility of rounding the Cape in a gale, by steam. This objection, however, is groundless. The dangers of the Cape have been greatly magnified, because it is there the India sailors meet with the worst weather they have to encounter ; but if these gallant tars were to try their hands at a Mister's cruise on the coast of America, they would find the conjoint evils of as bad a sea as ever was known at the Cape, accompanied with sleet storms, which are in due time frozen on the rigging till they make it us hard and as brittle u peg-iron. 'I he fact is, that a steam VOIS: . 1 will live in worse weather than a sailing, vessel. A small packet has plied between Greenock and Belfast fo7 six years, and, summer or winter, has n. ver been detained by the weather one single day. Indeed, it is nothing uncommon fur her to come in and announce the detention of so many square ' rigged vessels, whom stress of weather has forced to run into Lamlash Bay. Mr. Johnston a calculation of the expense and returns of a vessel, is as follows: A +hip of ;;ill tons fitted for sea and insured at Ms. per rent. £lB,OOO Vrages of seamen and artificers for six months 2.500 Goals, mils, and cords; Pilotage and port dues - 1.500 Interest sad depreciaeion, to per cent. en 20,000 2,00 /.25,620ti The Returns would probably te: Freight out, ail tons at 34 - - - 1,000 l'assa:T money r...t - - 2.0(10 Freight home, tltl.l tons at 71. - - 4 200 !'wage tuouey net - - - 6,th*l Earning 13,0t1j Experiee, including tivc vtr cent. intereit on money invested - • 23,00 i) J:12.2110 Or at tba expiration of the firm voyage, the Block would be re duced from 111,000/. to 12,21111., about xi per cent. The Pamphlet contains, in the Appendix, a quantity of , valuable information, procured from Mr. Briggs. Mr. tkilt, and other G:ntlemen connected with Egypt and the East. It will be seen tint Mr. Johnston was not aware of Mr. Brown's improvement when he wrote. We approve highly of the scheme, and cordially wish Mr. Johnston every sucee in his undertaking. The East India Company's outward-bound ship Astell, put into Sauta Crus the 2.311 July, sad was expected to 'resume her voyage on thu following day. ANTIQUITY or THE FOUNDATION OF vier Cornier Tits AT It E.—The Coburg, although the last erected v f our present theatres, has to boast of higher antiquity as to its foundation than any of its rival structures on either side of the river. The marshy lands on which this fabric is built required artificial aid in laying its foundation. and as about that time the ancient palace of John of Gaunt. I Duke Lancaster, called the Savoy. was taken down f o r 1 the purpose of opening a communication to IVaterloo 'bridge, the proprietors of this theatre contracted for a sufficient quantity of the ancient stoner of which the Savoy Palace had be-it compored, and had them transported in barges to the Surrey side of the river, and on filer mate rials the snr. rrnructurc of the Coburg :brat% was raised. , ,133,0115 54;:..443,1t.:5 4111.11:W.2P / 2 11)(1.!67.1.4i I 12.V7,914.017 11,222.V.3,0 I 9 V1%999,240 68.801,47; 411,481,2 A i;11.484.039 92,a115.fl :n 227,14i,9113 1N.i.(1:14),593 101,233./166 020J312,3112 392.70.1,305 2 7 3 . 6 77,6 5 / 1 0,051,547 19,015,322 ;1,715,131.2'24 743,210,47 i 357.595,12. 225,799.0 Z 90,738,331 350.725.444 119 717.211 ra,769 ir.;6 80,449,472 1,417,313.1 127.324 49,752 1 29,4140 !,253,352,81. 398,134 352 332437,014 182.113.979 170 942,2ci 147,718,888 140,291,116 86.818.634 71.11 u 635 66.093.713 404816.4541 47,262,733 9? 854,005 8..227,325 65,662.2% 121,38,756 62,577 AN 1if.,1t24 292 47,938,319 i 19.915,930 18.483. car 26,b91,731; 28,1.22,329 295,470 317 - - 247,[09,10 . 126,431.773 - - 49 552,527, • 74,837,229 85.111.197 i - - 71,40 i 924 - - 40,1%2 095 • 7,075,491 61,267,705 . - 37,611,100 - - 1 22.495.72. • 1.11:15 01 22,130,40 • 2,991,9' ..,$15,70. 13,933,920 01.131 931 22,493 79! 107,' 201,200,191' 275.407.727 41,065,014 64.194 itil 31,1110.42. 11.56.1,6 - 2i I ,9 , 12.3:A 70.7011,5 q 21543,500 8,501,732 31,351.775 18,123,4T2 313,071.671 22,758,611 181.?15,90:: 6,774.C91 60.5'M 897 6,201,229 73.R47.213 4.5.725,068 1,401,923 A. 716,274 SAM2 I- P , 1,21;7,323 111,416,6116 1M12,530 • 1389,7: 551.549,112 321 1 ,545,317 118,5:4,1311 c 5,716 522 45,472.661 17.81 S 952 300.2X1,22:1 123.1111.6211 4!1,9117.122 21 1151,7111 i 11,11:W1.23'.1 6.217.39. i •• 176,017,02 d I 151,929,107 • 5,322,1 - 00' I : I 1 . 7 1-1 4:118: . . L. 311 .172 81.303,786 Tons—Foreign ditto, 20.372,23.1 Tons.—Diffacnno in tchequer of the Duties of Customs, 41V,1 3,98•11. ire Iron, Hemp, Flax, Tow, Firs, Hogs' Bristles, Linieeil, ogles, and Bees Wax, and Corn in time of scarcity t and from %rabic, Opium, Seeds, Flax • (I Linseed, Senna, Vafonla, Yellow Indic., Grist Britain, re-exportcd to Foreign Countries, are Coffee, ke. Ste. for a considerable Amount. aIITWEIN Tilt aItISTOL AND LNOLISII CIIANNZLI. SHIP CA,VAL The vast importance of this project must, at a single glance, be apparent to every one connected with the trade of South Wales, Ireland, and the West of England. Each district will, of course, consider it with reference to its own local interests; some of the old established ports, which have reposed in the ease of a secure monopoly, will no doubt be alarmed into fo r ebearance favourable to general trade and the usual consequences of competition must ensue to the public at large. It is not our intention to advoette this or that particular interest, but if we can contribute to the circulation of useful information, or elicit, by dis cussion, valuable opinions bearing upon this peat public question, we believe our readers will not consider the space thus occupied in our columns misapplied ; nor shall we d salsa the probability or improbability of the successful accomplishment of the undertaking: it is enough for us to sac that it is now fairly before the public, sanctioned by very high authority, with the prospect of success. We shall therefore pass at once to tf:e consideration of that state of things which would exist On the Opening of a free and safe navigation for ships across the Western Peninsula of Great Britain, from the neighbourhood Watchett on the Bristol Channel, to Beer on the English Flannel. Of all the countries to be affected by this great national work, none can be more deeply interested than 2,reansea, Neath, and the vicinity. It is now universalli felt and admitted, that coal is the main spring, not only of that decided supe riority which this country maintains over surrounding na tions, but also of the extraordinary head prosperity of those particular parts of our own Island in which this grand moving power has been properly brought into action by the energies of the inhabitants. This truth has not yet had its due influence over the general trade, of which Swansea, from its local position and physical advantages, ought lung ago to have been the centre ; hut every well wisher to the port must be highly gratified, if he compare our recent lists of ship arrivals with those of former years. It is no longer a question of theary, whether this port is or is not capable of great improvement by the judicious application of a moderate capita!: the experirknt has been already made to an extent sufficient ta verify the fact. Let any man, with the map of England before him, after weighing the growing prosperity of Swansea and Neat'', contemplate the future prospects of this district (which may be denominated the British storehouse fur coal of all sorts) on the opening of this new channel for trade ; let him exali.ine its mountains of stone-coal and culm (the peculiar qualities of which, appear to be now for the first time known and duly appreciated in London), and the let him conceive the effect of the passage for ships now con templated, across the Western Peninsula of Great Britain; but the better to appreciate those advantages, be may con sult the Meteorological Tables of any past year, and it' he considers the large portion of time during which winds have prevailed unfavourable to the passage of ships from Swansea round the Land's End, he may form some idea of the saving of time, and cons.quently of money, which the proposed navigation would effect in the trade of this part of the country. We shall sul t juin the results of the Me teorulogic% I Table of 18:23, as published in the Annual Register, and it would be at, amusing task for any skilful nautical man to favour us, for the use of our readers, with computations, spewing from these figures (or if practicable, from actual experieuee,) the probable average of delay which a vessel constantly employed between Swe.lisca and ',cordon must experience by the present navigation. Ile may then compute that which it would prohabl:. cape rience by using the inland navigation now under contem plation: in other words, the annual saving of every such ship in time and money.—The Csnabriam. E IT lt : 4 ORD! NARY PHENOMENON ON THE 80111)::RS or YORKSHIRE •xD iaik4!LnißE. Our correspondent at Leeds has forwarded to us the fol lowing account of one of the 'cost exiraonlinary phenomena of which we remember to see an account in England:— `• Thursday last, the 2d instant. at Haworth, five miles south of Keighley, in the West Ridi , g of the county of York, and on the borders of Lancashire, about six o'clock in the evening, a part of the high-lands on the kitathu.y.rnoor opened into a chasm, and sunk to the depth of six yards, in some places exhibiting a ragged appearance. nod forming two principal cavities—the one was about two hundred yards., and the other not less than six hundred yards in circumference. From these hollows issued two immense volunies of muddy water, and uniting at a distance of upwards of lOt) yards from their maims, constituted, fur about two hours, an overwhelm ing flood from forty to fifty (soinetimesserent)) yards In width, and seldom less than four yards in depth. This dark slimy mixture of mud and water followed the course of the rivulet, overflowing is banks for twenty or thirty yards on each side, and to the distance of seven or eight nines front the immediate irruption; all this way there hi deposited a black moorish *.uhrance, varying fiten eight to thirty-six inches in depth, and 'nixed occasionally with sand and rocky fragments, pieces of timber, and uprooted trees, whkt had been borne along by the impetuous torrent. This heavy andpotier. NI stream broke down one solid stone bridge. 'static breaches in two others, clogged up and stopped several mills, Lid fiat and destroy ed several whole fields of corn, and overthrew to the foundation several hedges and walls. In its COZITFe it catered the hotuust, i:ig the furniture about, to the astotsishtrent and tenor of the inha bitlrts. At the time of the irruption the clouds were cemper-co loured, and Lwerine ; the atmosphere was strongly theme, and unusually chete and sultry. There was at the same time loud and frequent thunder, with much zigzag lighming, peculiarly flaring anti vivid. An hour before there was scarcely a breath of air stir. ring,htit the wind quickly rage to a hurricane, and after blowing hard front six to eight o'clock. sunk again into a profound calm, at which time the heavy rain, whi h hail continued all the while, ceased, and, a ith the exception of a few floating clouds, the sky was very serene. The whole is conjectured by the neighlwinet to be caused by some subterraneous commotion, the most considerable as to its results that has taken place in this kingdom ler many generations. The river Aire, at 1....ed5, presented the cfreets of this , ihenonienon last Friday afternoon ; the water that comedown th e riv e r was in such a polluted state as to have poisoned great quantities of fish I istri the water, continuing in much the same turbid state, has be come entirely useless for culinary purposes as well as fur dyers, dtc. The Coinniissioners of the water.worka have given public votive to the intialiitar.ts of Leeds, that they will at present suspend the sup. ply p: water, so totally useless to them, u-tti the Slte4llll 11111Pidal into .1 ptuptr state."—hoes'.- Parr. 3911.7 CM 35,63f,4311 40.701.303 10,450,612 fi311,t2 1,591 211.01 R.4ST INDIA SHIPPING. The Courier. Mainwanng, from New South Wales, has arrived in the Downy, having sailed from Sydney the itOth April. The Philotuse, —, from Batavia, has arrived 1J: the Downs, having mailed from Batavia on the Btll April, and from St. Helena the 9th July. The Medina, Brown, was loading at Batavia for Lot,dsr., on the Bth April. • ARRIVAL Al BAIIIA.—The Deveron, Wilson, frog.' London, on the ath July, with loss of fore-mast aud main top-aunt, on the 25th June. 8•ILIN6 FROII BUEN(.I AVREf.—The L'ird 1101 , - dath, Clapperton, cn the I lth Jfitie, for the Mauritiu— ALRIV•La AT MAI:EI:IA.—The ti3Orge ' euZilv:, Haat! the Tiimmilra, Wray, on the yin July, front Loodo:3, bound to India. Pafnengers per Lady Flora McDonald, from Calcut:A. -- Mr. The- apson and three children, Mr. Fieldwick Pope, from Calcutta; Dr. Imlach, from lieniandeo, formerly a passenger in the Fame. SAILING ritou New SOUTII WA the February, the Dragon, Waller, for the Saudi Sea Islandu. March 4, the Castle Forbes, On!, for the Mauritius ; and Caroline, Taylor, for the M•Quarriii Inland 4. On the Ilth March, die Grenada, Richmond ; Godfrey Web— ster,. Renoldson ; and Asia, Lindsey ; end 921 March, Triton, Crear, 1;:r nobart's Town, Madrag, and thlngiel. with his Maj , sty's , Neli regiment. On the :al Maras, La Coquille, Deperne (French ship), oil discovery. On the ituth March, the William Shashi, Kenn, for RatiOis• 'ln the tuft April, his Majesty's ship Tees, Cue, for Ici.or Zealand. AIIVALS AT New SOUTH Wacts.—On the 16th 01 February, the Mermaid, Benson, from llobart's Towo nod London , on the '23d, the Belinda, Coverdale, from ditto ; on the 21th, the Triton, Clear , from Ilobareq Town and Leith. On the 13th M a rch, the William Shand, Kenb, front Bohai; s Town and London ; on the sth, the Guih!- ford, Johnson, front Loudon and Rio Janeiro : and hi.; Majesty's ship Tees, from the Derw,nt and New Zealand : on the 2.5 th the Minerva, Forbes, from the nahery ; on the 29111, the Medway, Wright, from 1131 4 .raiso ; mn the 30th, the Elizabeth, Grimes. Oit April Ist, the Samuel. Dawson ; on the 34, the ‘Vellington, DI, from di.: what.: fishery ; and on the Stli, the Hibernia, Oinks ; from the Dement and London. ARRIVAL. AT 110 8AR7 . 3 Tow N—The Uribb , RC) zu from Bengal to Lima, on . the 13th Febru:.ry ; Captain Watson, of the Aguilar, botight the schooner eavernor Sorrell at Van D:entait's Land, and sailed the I 1 th April on a sealing voyage.—Ships spoken with: the Upton Castle. Thacker, from London to Bombay, on the 3d July, in lat. 29. S. long. 2/. W.; the Philotuxe was boarded on the 4th August, off the Cap.: de Vcrds, by the brig Cong ress, of 18 guns, which st attd sh e w as p ar t o f Commodore lirniell*s squadron ; sho lea her next morning, chLaing a large ship steeling to the south-west. ARRIVAL AT Sr. lI►LANA. —The Amelia,lLn, from the South Sem. The Lady Nugent, Boon, from Bengal, wits offS:. Helena the 9th July, bound to Gibraltar and London. As iti v I. AT MLitt co.—The Lady Captain Jehrt Hay; at San Bias, Gurdaxa, on the Slit May, lasing sailed from Bengal the ‘.2ht .rantiary. The Colonial brig Elizabeth Henrietta. Kent, got on shore on Goulburn Island, to the south of New Zealand, oil the V.Sth Februrry. The Elizabeth: and Mary, with 3.t00 seal skins, and br tons of oil ; and the Wellitthunt, with a cargo of skins, had arrival at Sydney. SHIPPING INTELLIGEAVE. FALMOUTH. SEPT. ft—Arrived oft the Port, the Manchester Brown, front Quebec in 33 dare; Zephyr. Piuldon, f Ben . carlo in 35 days; puke(, from New York and Halifax, sailed sth oh., and front the latter place en the Inch. PLYMOUTH. SEPT. E.—Arrived the Crown, Wilson, from Zante; Sarah Merrell, Freeman, from Porershurgh. Sailed the Norfolk, Anderson. for Riga. Ili, 3ta,esty's ship Meteor, tract Algiers, and the 31.togroye Bay. Ritchie, from Cbtazi, were rs. leased from quarantine thts Iforrn„ :SEPT. 7.—Arivcd 91f the Port the Edw.. Brown, frem• Montserrat ; 11:ruld, Sopentoth, from —; and the Wefixaro, Litilewood. from Oporto. Hat., SEPT. 7.—This morning, at day-lien, the Africa. • ref ton, front Jamaica, tire Russian brig Caten, diem St. Chia. cell sloitp,iwere discovered on shore upon the fioisi win. The whole Save beet got MI; the Africa lost. Anchors and cables , and pr0ce.,!....i wards Margate Roads; the Caren lost anchors are cable', an.! is gone to itanisgaic, the name of the sloop not reported. A the Hero, Cummins, from Jamaica ; Slut. Filmic, from St. Is - mingo; Courier. hlainwaring, from Nen south ; ton, Couthard, from Portendeck. Arrived from the River, and remain, the Lively, Rudman, for Sierra Leone. Stiff:o4TE. SEPT. sloop. laid to belong to Aberdeen. under quarantine, got entangled with the (loodwin Sand, but 'us extricated with assistance, and proceeded for the ItiTet enemies damage. I I KVVESEXD.SEPT.7.—Arrived the Triton. Carter, from Fars: (flaphyra, Rowe, from Antigua ; Baxelay, Ferrier, from Jamates Percy, Sayer, from St. Vincent's; Albion, Jack, from Antigua : Prudence, Ilavard from the South Seas; Friends, Hattinian. from Bilbria ; Jubilee. Cooper, front Oporto; Danube, Stephen. sna, front St. John's, N. B. ; Anna, Scott. from Lixbon ; Brothers. Kier, from ditto; and Peter Proctor. Brown, from Porninie.x. Sailed the Samuel and Ann, Ilowe, fur Tenerifti• ; and Barbarities /packet. Law, for 'labial. YatimotrYti, SEPT. G.—Arrived the ‘rrourr Aleda. from Oidenbitrgh„ with oil-cakes ; Sally, Itichardion ; Thartire. Nicholls; and SLary, Ottey, from I,ondt;n, with goods t Lowther steam vessel, Matthcwn;an, (rout Si.lbv, with goods and passe:. gen ; I I laden colliers. Sailed, die Edward, Folkman, for Memel; Vrouw .Margins, Boer, for Rotterdam ; St. Augustine, 3latorez, for Gray:lines ; all in ballast ; IVaveney, Bond, for Liverp-ol ; British Queen, Ditcham, tOr Grangemouth ; both with corn ; ll,pe, Mansfield ; Windham, Elgate ; D!ligercv, Crow ; Thomas, Sinanionds ; and Cyrus, Halt, fur London ; Happy Rs. turn, Figgins ; and Norwich Merchant, Lark, fur Hull ; all with torn and goods ; Pegging, Tiodell, for Lynn, with iron ; Lowtter. hlsttliewman, with paxsengets t John and Mary, Rowley. titfii goods; both fur Selby ; 52 light ef.lbers. LYNN. SEPT. It—Arrived, the Parallel Motion, Harlirg, with stone; Two Cousins, Bonbon, with dells; Oak and Standard, Asquith, with plaster ; Telegraph. Mitchell ; and Messenger. Fish. with goods ; all front Hull. Ann. Wells; Mary and Mara. Twydale, with goods ; Catherine, Lambert, with deals ; all inrin London. Vine, Mallory, with oil cakes; and Jacobs, *wader man. with oil.exk.s and seed ; both from Rotterdam, and twelve loaded colliers. Sailed, the Ann. Howard ; JameS and Elizabeth, Lakey. for Newcastle. with fruit. Friends, Austwiek ; Apollus, Temple; Britannia, Howard; Faith, Parrot; and Ilime. Frear, foe Hull ; Long.:ill, for London r all with corn. Qum:, Hunt; Thomas and WM./on, Floodinvi, for Hull, with woe!. Missionarv, Sanderson, lit Memel ; Carolina Fredericka. Ballot. for Dantrie ; Sodarkin, Lawson, for Christiania ; it; bathes-- 23_1MM colliers. %Visaged, SEPT.cr.I, the Jane, ll ißrins, from Hod. with goods. John and George, Inud ; Thuibonne, How:raft ; and Clertientina, Horn, from ; Economy, Hamer ; Foru. natus, Cherry ; Lord Nelson, Blair; and Elizabeth, Watterworth. from Smultvlantl ; all with coals. Sailed. the Endeavour Croft. fur Sunderland ; Hope. Kewurth ; and Alliance, Wilson, for Hall; and Liberal, !laity, for Londo; all with corn. LIVERPOOL, SEPT. B.—Arrived the Henry. Hart, from Ma ranhant; Marquis 11'ellington, Baxter, from Montreal; Wad,. drake; Euphrates. Splagne ; and yew York, Ithswell. from New York; and the Havanna packe . , Custom, from Hasa: na $ the Jason, Carat, arrived at Mathison. from this port, was boat's!. on the sth of July, in lat. long. 33. by an Her. inophrodite brig, and plundered. The passengers anti crew were plundered of clothes, watches. he. The brig showed Buenos A yrean colours, had two carriage guns and one on a circle, antis a crew of forty or fifty men. apparently all Spaniards. 111 'trouts. SEPT. a.—The Heiner. Hughes, hum Smyrna. bound to Li ..crpool, put in here. She is not furtdshed with a clew, bill of lwalth, in consequence of plague having manifested itself on board an Austrian ship at Sat) rna, front Alexandria, in Egypt, where two of her . tow stied, and another ill of the plagux was landed on the 26th of June, at the Austrian iltspital at Smyrna. CAZTAGEXA DE C01.014111.k. JOLT a.—The Lightfoot. frai Lirerpool. has goer to gams !tiaras' to twin; and the lirs , ughtsm. Forlorn'. from Liverpool to Say.usills, to load cotton and Etrope. • - I'iin.You, Aro. 7.—Arrived the Atalanta, Black. front 31a tanzas, in twelve days. I.eti there the Weary. or this vitt, fur flambuilh, discharg ing . haying :‘prung a leak aticralie was Insetted. The schooner Ihilphin. Hessen. from hence to the Spanish Mak.. upset in a squall a few days alley sailing; crew caved. Ptithst•rt.rtria, AVG. 3. By the 'Ana, flubbell, from Havanna, in eleven days. we learn that a Ilaniburgli ship. with a valuable cirgo for ALA:co, with a tlaniiiiirith brig and French ship, bu.a bound to Havanna. had been 'miming,. their masts cut away yawl crews disposed of, and their car gam mtr.iLice.l into 3latanvis.. }Extract of a letter from the Arent to Lloyd's, at Mexico. dared Mel June:—•• Ills Majesty's ship Parthian has taken a paatical %choosier olrgissl. supposed to be the same that took the Frew% brig WAntience, from Marseilles. The Captxia and Supetrarges of the brig were put on shore for.y kaitues from Alvarado. The American schooner Racer is Liu on the Bar of Tarnow.% Hu Majesty's %hip Fort• is to sail from Vera Crux for Troy ice :Ail England, the be;,•icinrg of next month. The Elitabinli and Mary. ('orbitt, arrived in th , Pons% from Jamaica. was boarded cif the Isle of Pines on the 2Dth of July. by his Majesty's ship Irr ion. which desired to be reported. harirg on bond sixteen most desperate pitstes a born he hill taken. and was then proceeding to Captain l'orbitt experienced eery bait wcather ilia pat.:sage home; r , entbLyt sashed 41. his dais. 4, Itl . : `i j. 4 0 1