The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1825-09-01 00:00:00

TEE WEST INDIES. NYTTING Of TOSS iNNANITANTS Of TOIL CITY Of ZING ATO% (JAMAICA) TO Lowsitifil OF THE NEST alAire Or lilt:TU(0 ADDITIONAL PLACES Of PUBLIC woasote. From the Jamaica Carafe.' ?avant to the requisition.of his Honour the Mayor, a Meeting wee beki aCthe Court-house, on Wedresday. for the purpose of! in ning a fund by public subscription, to be appropriated to the, enn inar of one nr more new places of uninniy, under the govern. mart of the Episcopal establishment. At about eleven o'clock, the Hon. Joseph Barnes being called to the dur, The Bishop addressed the Meeting, which wan numerous and NI/respectaide. Hie Lordship .puke at Nome considerable . He stated that it had devolved on him. in the discharge of the i mportant duties which his Sovereign hail intrusted in hint, to "o o ze !equines imp the moral sad religious wants of the nen & of this extensive end important Colony, and to pen. PIC g o al ures of instruction cosnmensumte to their wants. Those , ' t unnies had been particularly directed to that part of the impute. two. oboes coalition had, of late, been an object of especial solien.' tide to the Executive and the Legialature of England : be alluded • ales gllVll.Popsilatiou. It was with eery conaiderable gratification, l oad Lee Umlaute. that lie waa mailed 4t so early a penal of his tena ntry, as the Ecclesiastical Head of titis Diocese, to bear teen. ✓oof to the circumstance, that since the abolition of the Slave- T rno great intellectual changes had exhibited themselves In the Negro blue. Viewing this gondol' in its political aspect. he eon. aeleted it act which should call forth the attention of all classes of his fellow.citntans It was entitled to tegani no less from the Dom ningial thin Minn the Ecclesiastical °Memo( the State. With the onsciousnese of this fact, he made a confident appeal to their. nberalue on this oecadon—a liberality that wu the more demanded Iran theta. inn Stu uch as the importnut changes in the sec ial and moral state of the Negro were the moult of those gradual ineatures which had, men time to time. been adopted by them. asa corresponding disposi. Doti evinced Itself on the part of the SlarePopulation to render every ennuis productive of is anticipated benefit. If he were required to state particularly in whet respects the intellectual change, to which he ahuded. had manifested inielf, he telt assured that the experience of every one would yield a ready concurrence in his owe senclusions—that it was reniarkably demo/nitrated in the decline. end he hoped rapid extinction, of the popular superstitions nfl Atilt*. The horrid influence of that ignorance, whose source dif. ' Lased its poisonous stream from their African progenitor*, was! ilyiag tan: ally. And he doubted rut that a taw years. aided by I tumbled means of Christian instruction. would produce all those happy results which had been anticipated by the people of Eng. land. lie, however, felt himself' bound to declare publicly (and to him it was a source of heartfelt pleasure, to make this poblie ac knowledgr.nent of the sincerity of those sentiments, with which he had been received b' them on his nest arrival to take upon bias. *elf the function, of his oilice)—that all his inquiries hail confirmed him that that the decrease of crime—chat the diminution of a ll t h e elide &thew from a disregard to the obligations of *racial life, (and they were obligations whose beneficial effects were seen in the rapid mire:tees now made in the civilized Society of Europe)—were to be ascribed to thou improved systems of tr.anagement, and to that ex terded voiection. which, he was sure, had emanated front their unconstrained collections on their own interest and their own tau rty. He felt fully assured, by his own short 'experience in the ietumuniiy, that t :!.y would cheerfully redeem the pledges of sup port which they had given him in their several addresses: that they would concede thi propriety of extending their munificence to the claims which he matte upon them for Christian instruction to the Negro; that they would fit him and prepare him for extending Chase opportunities of utility to himself and them ; that they would see that they did nut render their own meliorating concessions abor tive, by withholding themselves from assisting in drawing the Slave fate • respect for religion and a love of good order ; effects which were preceptibly operating on the Negro's habits in hie own volun.l toy relinquishment of the Sunday traffic, and his own desire to' render the Sabbath a day of rest and of Christian instruction. His Lordship here read a communication front his Honour the Mayor of Kinrnon, relative to the tart of this change in the Negro habits mice the growth of dine and of gradual melioration : not forced by express legislative enactment, but bring the result of an in creased religious feeling on the part of the Negroes themselves. The advancement of the Negro mind from barbarism to civilize. tine, said his Lordship, under the benign spitit of Christianity, had ample testimony borne to it by several Ministers well known to the community hr. was then addressing : The names of Mr. Trete. Mr. Sinasby, and others of the Island Clergy, in the Report of the Society fur promoting the Gomel in Foreign Parts (a report which his Lordship bad only recently received from England). had added 'night to the conclusions formed by his own experience. The 'lnfusion was so Interesting and so apposite to the purposes of the meeting, so calculated to stimulate their zeal, ti a. his Lordship said tin should request permission to read an extract to them. Ile then re. stoned. Now, said his Lotilehip. that I have (as a necessary part in the expaaition of an object in calling this Meeting) touched on the Stilijcct of gradual melioration, I ant tempted to make my unequi. vocal declaration that it is the only means which experience holds out as an tfleetual remedy for the moral evils in the condition of the Slave. All violent measures, or rather measures that have no t, received &corresponding enlargement of reflection in the mind of the Negro. will infallibly defeat the beneficent object of a bene. Tolent spirit. lie alluded, he said, to measures designed, if he might use the obectration, to change him, at it were per sallow, and not with a due regard to the general unfolding of his moral perceptions. All human experience bears testimony to this mo mentous truth. Ile who would scorn its precept is an injudicious friend of humanity. If we advert only, said the Rev. Prelate, to the growth of the human body, with whose growth perceive the intellectual expansion of man to be intimately connected, we see it arching at maturity by the gradual and simultaneous eaten. sioa of all its tunctiuns, both mental and cornoreal ; and such it was In the social habitude of man ; we must teach him habits of utility; we must instruct him in the advantages which those will bring about, before we shall rouse his attention to redouble his exer. nom to attain them. This must be the work of noun Sr. Paul, in il lustrating mite gradual progress of religion in the mut, represents, by a similar figure, the newly admitted Christian. as receiving the bene. fits of the doctrines of the Holy Faith by differently modified cir cumstances 4 the milk first u must accordant to the slow develope. vent of the economy of animal nature, till we become fitted for the reception of substantial food by the robust action of the system. It Is, however, with you, said his Lordship, to accelerate or retard the operations of this law of our a Kiel as well as animal nature. He then declared his confidence in their liberality and benevolence. and concluded by assuring them that feeling that this cause with the Laity, trout die claims of intercom, was the same as with the Clergy ; that the propagation of the Gospel was the best means of securing the integrity of the Colonial Empire, and thin Christia nity, by dinlming a conciliatory spirit, was the extending of hap. pitons to one antfall—be sat down nader the conviction, that as irixilieries, they would, by their resolutions of that day, be found powtrful and unwearied, and evince themselves the judicious friends of the human race. To a question put to his Lordship relative to it grant of 20,1)001., "filch was said by an English official paper (the COnrici) to be placed la the hands of the Colonial Bishops by the British Govern. nient, and that fur die erection of Places of Worship—his Lord. shit) answered that no such sum hail been so deposited ; if it had, so interesting a fact would not have been withheld from the Meet ing. In regard to his instructions, he would avow thus much, that he was board to report on the want of places of public instructinn throughout the cruntry generally ; that having from local advan tages made himself acquainted with the great and overpowering clams of Kingston, he had fully remitted that fact in his earliest 10 nolunicatiois to Lord Bathurst. The design,of the report was to ascertain the extent to which conic such kind of pecuniary aid as that mentioned in the Caroler would he required from the Ott venom*. If as he had reason to believe he might) he should receive by thiamine pocket any grant far Kingston in particular, he would communicate it immediately to the Trustees designed to be appo ate I under the preseut resolutions, that they might extend the appropriation of the hinds to the erection of another Place of Worship—for the wants of Kingston would not enable them to coefiiie then munificence to the resolutions of that day alone. He, however, uid not expect that any grant would be made until he ri.i ported on the general deficiencies of the Colony—then of course! the sum* would be apportioned by hint to the respective wants of ! all parts of the island. Those of Kingston were immediate and imperative; ft. by a law of the island, or a resolution of the Le gislature, it win very recently determined that the Governor should appoint no Curate on the island fund, until it hail been first shown by the parish applying, that they were prepared to render his labours efficient by the previous erection of a separate Plate of' Worship, that he might exercise his Amnions distinct from those of the Hector. In the ease of Kingston, the present Citrate could twit have been appointed at this Drue, but for an accommodation of the Corporation by the loan of Wohner's Free School as a tempo. nary Chapel. Thu accommodation, however, could not extend to any protracted rieriod ; the Chapel, therefore. now designed to be erected wao rendered imperiously requisite. His Lordship said he believed that most of the parishes Laboured under the same kind of disqualification, should a vacancy unit by thedea: h of any of the pre sent Curates. It was only by such Meetings se the present, in which all had opportunities to stare their opinions, and to make their sug gesUons, that the weans of the island could be fully known and tally estimated. All further questions and discussion related to the sums which should be inserted In the Resolutions. These were agreed upon, and sundry Resolutions were then car. reed without dissent. Fifteen hundred pounds* were almost immediately entered on Vie subscription List by the gentlemen present. Above MON. by subsequent lists. Yesterday forenoon the Rev. A. Fletcher, of London, preached " by thrine permirsion" (as he announced in his 1411,) in the old church of North Leith pariah, to &crowded audience; and in the afternoon ' the assemblage appearing to b e more t h an d ou bl e w h at the dwelt would hold, he adjourned the congregation to Leith Links, where he • Waled froto an open ouriar. The object of his visit is to make collections, to enable his faithful adherents to' build a new c h a p e l for him in London ; but his appeals i l psterday appeared to produce little. To show, however, that his visit was nut altogether of a selfish nature (he ob served) it was his intention, although he had not been Aired to do so, to preach next Sunday in the same place, the collections to be appropriated to some of the charities of Leitb. He preached again in the evening, at half-past fise.—Fdiebargit Pape r of Monday. Aeolioavo.—At present there are so many houses in like course of erection here, that the demand for masons is unprecalsotett; per wea. - RECSPTIOVjnp rttit aISEMP OF 8;1111.100E3 Ar sr. R STO HER • ' (From the Jarnoicette of June 181 ST. ('linlsToPtiCien, MAT 31, Mrs Ilia Ala,esty's ship Eden, 9f 2d guns. Capt. J. arrived here on Saturday afternoon last, from Nevis, with the Hon. and Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Barbarities and the Leeward Islands, accunipa•ted by Mr. Coleridge, his Lrrdship's Secretary, the Rev. doh,' H. Pinder. A.M. of Barbadoes, and the Rev. Daniel Gatevard Dacia, A.M. of Nevi', his Lordship's Chap. loins. Soon after theship came M anchor. Lieut.. Colonel the Hon. James Airmen. of the Colonial Staf. a Committee of the two Houses of Legialeture„and the Rte. J. B. Pemberton, oflieiating Ali: inter •f thts parish. waited on his Lordship mi board, to wel. come his arrival in this part of his diocese ; when his Lir..ahip sig., aided his pleasure to laud on the following morning. Prepare.: Lions for his reeepdon were ac .ssrdingly made, and on Sunday morning the Windward lieglinent of 51ditia assembled in Paiir mall-square, and marched from thence, under the command of liieut..Coleetel Thompson, to Fort -street, through which his" Lord. ship was to pass, and litcd the street on either side, the Light Company occupying the avenue Irvin the western gam of the Chutch.)ard to the door of the Church. At eleven o'clock a salute of fifteen guns item the Eden announced his Lord. ship's leaving the ship ; ana his Excellency the Csptain.General, attended by the Colonial Staff, and Captain Dowse of the Royal Artillery, and Lieutenar.t Vi'oribam of the !loyal Engineers, with his Honour the Chief' Justice, the lion. Speaker of the Assembly, and othes public characters, the Rev. J. J. Ketie„ Rector of Christ Church and St. John • the Rev. Wm. Hendri c k son , R ector o f St. Thomas ; and th e ger. J. B. Pemberton, repaired to the land: ing-place, where they recetved his Lordship, who proceeded in his Excellency's carriage direct to the church, which was noon wen. pied by an immense congregation. The Lord Bishop !taring taken a seat on the nght of site altar, the Rev. J. B. P e mb er t on read the Novice of the . lity ; after which his Lordship perform e d th e C on . munion Service, his solemn and impressive manner commanding the deep attention . of everyaudimr, the epistle being re a d w ith ex . cellent effect by the Rev. J. 11. tinder. The Rev. J. B. Pent.] drum then delivered a sermon trout the sth chapter of St. John's i let Epistle, v. 7, applicable to the day (Trinity Sunday.) The e Holy Sacrament was afterwards admini stere d by his Lordship. assisted by hit chaplains, and other clergynieh present. His Lord ship shortly attar Inc the church, and accompanied his Excellency the Captain-Geueral to Government House, when he was enter tained with a party at dinner ' • and in the evening proceeded t o the camp, the residence prep a r e d for him. • Early yesterday morning his Lordship, with his Chaplains and Secretary, visited Cayon and St. Peter's, inspected the Churches and Parsonages of tooth parishes, and returned to town about nine o'clock ; he subsequently visited die Church of his parish, and the Charitable Institution. Ilia Lordship also dined yesterday at Go- vernment House. T:ois morni:: ; .; his Lordship, accompaniettia abnve. set out on a tour round the island. for the purpose of visiting the Cinical Esta blishments in the other parishes. A meeting of the Legislature is appointed to take place to-mor raw ; when his Lordshi we understand, will be sworn in as a Member of his Majesty's Council of this island ; after which, he will embark on board the Eden for Anguilla, whence he proceeds to Antii,ua. At Nevis (where he arrived on Thursday ev.ning) his Lordship landed on Friday morning, and was received with every becoming mark of respect and attention. After visiting the Church of Sr. Paul. Charles:own, his Lordship proceeded with his Chaplain and Seeretary, to the Churches cfSt. Thomas. Lowland, and St. James, iVindward • and also visited the Chapels Intel? erected by Mr. Cottle and . 31r. P. Huggins for the benefit of their slaves. His Lordship dined at the Government House wiqt a select party. On the following day he visited the churches of St. John, Fig-Tree ; and St. George, Gingerland ,• and returned to town, when he was sworn in as a member of his Majesty's Council ; be then embarked for dis island. This visit of our venerated diocesan has been hailed by till classes of the community with the utmost satisfaction ; and although his Lordship's stay will be necessarily short, timing to the duties which he has elsewhere to perform, there is every reason to believe that the attention he h:is bestowed on the variouesub3ects connected with sacred office. and the suggestions he biz offered, will tend to the promotion of the hest interests of the Island. The Eden, 26, Captain J. Lawrence, C. 13., having on board Lord Bishop Coleridge and suite, whom she had conveyed on a visit to those islands of ills 'diocese, situate to leeward of liar badoes, returned thither on the 27th of June.--J amulet; Gazette, July V. ATROCIOUS MURDER IN JAMAICA. A most atrocious murder was committed by some ne groes or. Saturday night last, in St. Andrews, on a negro slave, named Sandy Smellie, belonging to 'Dublin Castle estate, in the parish . of St. Mary. An inquisition was held on view of the body on Monday, and the depositions of several prisons taken, which, to further the ends of public jrustice, are for the present suppressed; but the following brief statement of part of the evidence of one respectable witness will show the shocking cruelty with which this horrid deed was perpetrated.—He stares, that just as the moon was rising, he heard a noise of people coming along the public road, close in front of the house where he was, and on looking out of the window he saw two black men walking with two mules linked to each other, and another black man with his bands tied up to the pack-saddle of the hinder mule: of the two former men, one was beating and driving at the front mule, to make it go fast, and the other man remained behind, and was beating the person who was tied to the pack-saddle, and who was then calling out " murder," and " for water ;" that the person so tied was treated very badly by the others, and the sound of the blows made deponent believe that it was a stick that they were beating him with on the head, and before they got out of sight the man that was tied lost his footing, and was hanging by the hands, and was so dragged along the road till they disappeared ; and on Sunday, about ten o'clock, he heard that there was a dead body by the road-side, about a quarter of a mile off in the way they went, and he verily believes the deceased, Sandy &twine r was the man ihe saw so tied and beaten and ill-treated. The Jury returned the following verdict:—" That the said Sandy. Sinellie was barbarously, maliciously, and wickedly maltreated, beaten, tied, and dragged along the highway by certain black persons, who had tied deceased by the hands to the pack-saddle on a mule ; and that, from such treatment by these persons, yet unknown, the said Sandy Sine Hie was killed and murdered, on Saturday the 21 of July instant." We need hardly state, that measures have been adopted for discovering and apprehending the perpetrator; of this horrid murder. —Jamaica Gazelle, July 9. HORRID MURDER. (From the American Norg Jicrald, July 27.) A friend near Ketnpsville has communicated to us the following particulars of one of the most daring and atro cious acts of homicide within our remembrance : On Monday last an Inquest was Lad on the body of John Rudder, who was murdered in his bed by some un known ruffian between seven and eight o'clock on the pre ceding evening. The evidence given to the Jury by the family of the deceased was, that Mr. Rudder immediately after eating his supper, retired to bed and soon fell asleep. The rest of his family, consisting of his wife, two daughters, (grown) and two sons, (one about ten and the other eight years old) were sitting in the room in which they supped, and which is separated from the bed-chamber by a passage, the doors of the two rooms facing each other, and both left open, when they beard the footsteps of same person, who entered the room where the deceased slept, and were immediately after startled by the sound of blows and a violent struggling. Mrs. Rudder, in great alarm, ran into the room, and there beheld a stout coloured man in the act of murdering her husband ! She seized the assassin's arm, and implored him to spare the life of his victim ; but the sanguinary monster dashing her from him, bade her be gone, or he would kill her too. Terrified almost out of her senses, she caught her youngest son by the hand and fled to a neighbour's for assistance—her other children, equally panic-struck, rushed from the scene of butchery and fled in different directions, scarcely knowing whither they went, and rending the air with screams of " murder !"—the murder of their father! A number of persons were soon collected at the house, but too late to stay the murderer's arm ; he had completed his bloody work and tied. On ex amining the body of the deceased, it appearasi that a blow Dad been given upon the left temple, with a lathing hatchet, and another on the crown of the head, which fractured the skull in a shocking manner; there were two other wounds about the face, which appeared to have been Inflicted with the edge of the instrument. Mrs. Rudder sow unable to identify the person of the murderer, it being yearly dark, and all that she could discover of him was that he was a coloured man. The Jury, therefore, could only return a verdict of " Murder, committed by some parson unknown." We learn further, that a free coloured man (whose namc It would be improper to mention at present) is strongly i suspected, and that a warrant has been issued to apprehend Y ~~~.ary. RUSSIAN TR.IVRI.I.ING SKETCHES. [From the Neu 4fluetthly Magazine.l Piarorr.—Piaton I well known to the world as a man who raj:o4 himself, by his talents, to the first dignity in the RuMian. hierarshy, who was preceptor to the late Eat reaCta Nut., who writ(' on a correspondence with Mon sieur Dorsals, in which he endeavoured to show that the Pepe was Antichrist, and who cotnposed an excellent sum mary Of the Russo-Greek Faith, which has been trans. hated into English by Dr. Pis* snrotc. In the last ivolk it is impossible not to be struck with the industry, the erudition, sod the liberality or the author, though almost every page be tinctured with the sttperstitions of his creed, and though many overstrainings be remarked in the illustration of its tenets. He assuredly wits the most li bem:-mincled divine in the Russo-Greek chili-ch. and might be regarded as a phenomenon in the eMpiie 'of the North. Though his knowledge was pretty general, it was, I however, only in theology lie was eminent. Neither he, nor indeed.any miniver of the Russian church, was elver celebrated for his knowledge in the sciences, or generally known to the world by any philosophical work. It is thought requisite in Russia that a parish priest should de vote himself, almost exclusively, to his holy avocations; and the education of monks, who afterward% fill the highest dignities of the church, is not well calcnlated to inspire the love of general knowledge, or to call forth the desire of excelling. The account of the conversation of PLATO" and Dr. Ci.snat is extremely amusing (vide Clarke's Travels), and speaks volumes of thought in a few words—for many words are dangerous in the north---and even the few re quire to be very guarded. Platon had remarked the free.' dom which some English divines show in their writings, when Dr. Clarke told him that " we had once a prelate, who, preaching before his Sovereign, felt 'aimseif at liberty to dimmable conduct to his face." "/ wrsh (said PLATON) we had arch a fellow here 7 but aware of the interpreta tion which might be put upon his words, and perhaps not daring to end with them, he added, after a pause, " we would rend him to enjoy the /'ell tiLerty of preaching in the free air of Siberia." Piston was a remarkably agreeable person in society ; he was equally ready to receive and to communicate intorma don, and he was a friend of toleration. As a proof of the last statement it is sufficient to state, that he communi cated much intelligence to the late Rev. Dr. KING, which was afterwards embodied in that author's work, on the " Rits and Ceremonies of the Greek Church ; and that he was equally obliging to the Rev. Mr. Toozz. A late author says, that PLATON was rather a bon vivant, and in confirmation* of this relates the following anecdote. The divine frequently dined with the military governor of Moscow, who, aware - that his guest did not much relish the diet prescribed for the ckrgy during the fasts, by a very simple process, converted Ash into fuh, and relieved, or rather prevented, all the metropolitan's scruples. " The servant having placed a dish of good animal sour before the old man, the governor said, this is fah soup. The divine crossed himself, said Amen, anti immediately partook of it. In the same manner, when delicate veal was served up, the governor said, this is stur geon, or stales ; the Amen was repeated, and the contents of the plate disappeared.". The monastery of Bethany was founded in the year 1797, at the expense, and under the care of Platon. It was at first not reckoned among the monasteries of the crown, but merely a pnstiny4, or hermitage. In 1797, wh en th e Emperor Paul, after his coronation at Moscow, made a visit with his family to the Troitskoi Monastery, or Convent of the Trinity, to do reverence to the relics of St. Serge, he also went to Bethany, which was then constituted a monastery of the second class, with a seminary, and granted the sum of 4,000 roubles annually for its support. The archimandrite of the Troitskoi monastery was also made the archimandrite of Bethany. The monastery and seminary were finished in ISM The Church of the Transfiguration stands in the - centre, of an oval form, with Cothic windows and turrets, and is built of brick unplastered. It surprises all by its unusual internal arangement. Below this church, i. r.. in the hill, is a very small chapel, dedicated to the Resurrection of 'Lazarus ; with a small nave before the ikonareas, a still smaller altar behind it, and a !little sombre compartment on each side of the nave. In the left compartment is preserved the wooden coffin in which had been placed the relics of the famous St. Serge, so: often mentioned in the Russian rubrick. Here is also raised the tomb of Natoli, about two and a half feet high, built of brick mid stuccoed, and. -!ntirely covered by a brass plate, on- which is a representation of a large cross, and an inscription recording the divine's his .tory. This tomb seems stunt, but Piston was of a low stature. The hill, our guides told us, was called Mount Tabor. So preposterous an arrangement of a church I have never witnessed; and the absurdity of the whole is crowned by the shocking taste which has added a stn fed hare, issuing from a small cavity in the bottom of the hill, right forward into the church, as a part of the natural, or rather unna tural, scenery. This church can only demand attention from it! contain ing the relics of PLATON ; a name justly revered in Russia, and which will ever make Bethany distinguished in the annals of that empire; but the plan and execution of the church, in my opinion, do him no credit. A monument near the house in whica Piston lived attracts the notice of the traveller. It is a very small py ramid, placed under a wooden canopy, surrounded by a low railing, and with an inscription on the pedestal, indi cating that it was elevated in memory of the visit of the Emperor Paul, in 1787. The monument and the painting behind it, with Latin inscriptions, are alike paltry. Bethany contains only eight monks, who reside in small wooden houses raised on stone foundations, on the right and left of the central entrance to the court. Platon's house is now occup i ed by the rector of the seminary. M ll42di ei tt4 SAILING MATCH-SECOND CONTEST. isslity, 4111= knowletlre 41 • • ous sir ! May At a late hour on Tuesday evening, it was resolved that the bolls which sailed that day for a superb silver cup and cover, should again compete for the prize yesterday. In the British Press yes terday we gave the names of the vessels, consequently we have now only to state what took place yesterday, and when we say that a finer or more varied contest never took p la ce above bridge, we are convinced we shall be borne out by the following authentic and particular account : At a few minutes before three o'clock the vessels stated, and the Fortitude took the lead. At %Vestininster Bridge, the Venus linseed through first, followed closely by the Fortitude, Sylph, and Royal Eagle, leaving theothers at snipe distance. On arriving at Vaux hall,, the Venus was first ; the Eagle ;hot a-head of the Fortitude, followed by the Sylph, St. George, and Lady Louisa, leaving the Spitfire a considerable distance behind. The scene was now truly beautiful, and wagers ran very high. On getting into the Heads, a strong trial of nautical skill was made between the Venus and Eagle ; the latter tried to get on the larboard of the former, but could not sticieed. At the lied House the tour hindmost boats, the Venus, Fortitude, Sylph, and Lady Louisa, were dale toge ther, thathree latter boats being abreast of each other. They were here saluted by a volley as they passed, and betting changed iu favour of the Eagle's passing Battersea Brid in tint. In going up the Surrey shore, the Venus got by mancetivra some distance for. ward, and again the Eagle stied to luff her rip, but in vain, While this was going on, the Lady Louisa gut taltead of the Fortitude, whets the Eagle made play, and now the Lady Lonna and Eagle, by trying to out-admiral each other, suffered the Venue to regain her station, which she maintained pith superlative skill. By the time the vessels had arrived at Battersea, the wind had dropped.. At this time the Spitfire was last. The batty Louisa drew on the Neste, having the Sylph between them. The Eagle, however, get through first. The Sylph came athwarth the bridge, and for some moments could not get her mast and sails up. The situation of the vessels now was as follows—the Venue, Eagle, Lady Louisa, Fortitude, St. George, Spitfire. The Venue again made play, and the Eagle closely pressed the Lady Louisa. The Fortitude kept in the current, and the manner in Which she crawled up was I the admiration of the ablest judges or aquatic sports. On arriving at the boat inoorcif off the Powdeahouse, the Venus got round first, closely ionised by the Sylph, followed by the St. George, Spitfire, Eagle, and Fortitude. The title was not at its tall, and all were of course placed on an equality, as at the moment I there was scarcely a breath of air stirring. In Is few minutes a breeze sprung up. and awny the vessels went. The Lady Louisa) got the lend, followed by the Sylph and Spitfire, and now in ha', turn the Venus became sixth boat. On coming down the Wends.' worth Reach, the Lady Louisa got on shore, and the scene now presented one of the finest specimens of determined courage ; het boom and cutwater ropes were immediately .manned to awe her, bat she remained firm. One of her new new juniped or fell overb oard, 'and loud cries of " Foul, foul I" " Fair. nit!" were heard. At length her anchor was thrown ont, and by dint of exertion ohs was 'he 'Sella ' bird be 'engin ner anenor was tnrown OUT, arm us tont or exertion ran was suspected, and that a warrant has been issued to apprehend bim. , got off, amidst loud cneers. . The 'Sylph had by this time drawn We had but few fresh arrivals of any Grain thus morning. Ni, much on her, and the Spitfire bole bald on n. La uer. .rht point Wheat wAs very heavy sale , and rather cheaper, and the inquiry _s ....• r. now was, ho . ti. e tptatim tros id be deciika , and the so m e for old Was very trifling. Harley, Beans, and Pease heavy sale. 1 The Hindoos haves great respect for anything fat, which having go a.bead of she sylph, ass beats ens ue d es k ee p in h er Oct sold putty readily on much the same terms as on )londay. they consider a peculiar blessing of Providence. A native say. . writing to a collector, who was rather tun-bellied, and , On theenirol of the Lek, bobiho tbejon Ikea, sad aloes Per- A labourer in the employ of Mr. Wm. Saul, of Sibsey_,_ wishing to convey, in the usual servile style, hie saw e pitome whets& see Wowed the Mil* Of the wow felt convinced sus tained a eer i ous injury on Saturday last, b y f a lli ng ( fr - *slabs hat wen- Thietseerawn wha tiet theises, Wa sh• tame at this fine totality,. surnasajed a dictionary to kap out No ",,,d, t ed . a - ute woe a corn stack, and alighting on the &intent a fork, which imperfect knowledge at. ieh, and negnion knee ante: 'slengsidetheitannseasankopilangsdnite jeasse i ensisitsdnearly nine inches into his body. Ilia recovery " Enormous Sir ! May it please your Boormity r 092 • 004 ID th is lie-air PIPINIIIOerfnaIIP Oil 010 WiSetb. • 0 noel very doubtful.—Bceron Gautte. ... .• PAVIS RA Es. The roar for the priz w of the errontliseinent look place on Monday-last, to the Champ-de-Mar% in the presence of Count Chalon!, ricfect of the SAue. %lie four prizza of 1,200 franca were *pa in the following manner.:— line? 1401. For horses of the yew t age and either sin, of the French breed: • • This race was run by M. Desgrand's Ls Gillette *nil 11. Per rier's La Juliette. The 'sums, in consideration of their age, ran bet once round the course. In Juliette ran the ths:once in tyro minutes and thirty seconds, and 'won the race. THE agenrrrt Muni: Far batf-blood huraws or theucond age, Wu run by PI. Wavers Its Clartaro and M. Grimwood's latter horse won. He went twice round the Champ-4e-31ars in rive minutes thirty-two seconds and two-fitths. TOR TUE TI/IRD RACE, For young horses of the yonisgrat ale , and foreign breed, Thee& was no competition, and M. Drate's I. Macaroni ran mod the course in two minutes and thirty seconds alone. TILE LAST RACE Wuinit b Casalot'a Tikresi and M. Dtakes Distribution, Disartbutitia gained the prize, having run twice round tho'clauese in 114 e minute', treaty second& ilcid two-fifthr. Between the races there was a contest by geldings of seven hands high and under, rode by boys from twelve to fifteen years old. La Pomponnette, belorging to M. Crentieux, rail the distance very airily in two minutes and forty-six seconds, and woo the OW. which was a silver cup given by the amateurs.—Josirnal thugs. . TM E COSSACS. (From the 4sintic Journal.i The origin ar.d early history of this remarkable race of people, like that of most other nations, are enveloped in total darkness. Karamsin tin his History of the Russian Em pite) endeavours to throw sot light on this subject ; and as this author's grat work is but little known in England, we shall extract the whole of his observations:— " We observe that the annals of the times of Wassily I the Dark, in the year 1444, mention the Rjasan Cossacs, a peculiar kind of light troops. who have rendered them selves so famous in modern times. Thus we find that the Comics were not exclusively in the Ukraine, where their name occurs in history about the year 1507 ; but it is pro bable that their name is older in Russia than Ilatu's irruption (1441-4), and belonged to the Torks or Thren tieji, who dwelt on the banks oi the Dnieper, below Kiev. There we also find the habitations of the Cossacs of Little Russia. The Torks and Beredeji were called Cherkeasi ; so were the Comes. If we call to mind the Cassogi, who, according to our annals, dwelt between the Caspian and Black Seas, it will naturally bring us to the Kaesaciiie, placed in that country by the Emperor Porphyrogenita. The Osacts still call the elietkessi Kassachs : all which circumstances lead us to conclude, that the Torks and Be rendeji, who called themselves Cherkessi, were also called Cossacs; that some of them lived, protected by their rocks, red', and marshes, on the islands of the Dnieper, inde pendent of the yoke of both Tartars and Lithuanians ; that many Russians, flying from their oppressors, joined them there, and, together, formed the nation of the Cossacs, which the more readily became Russian, as their forefathers, w Ito had lived in the territory of Kiev since the tenth century, had themselves nearly become Russians. Increasing in num bers, and nourishing a spirit of fraternity and love of inde pendence, they formed a republic of Christian warriors in the southern parts of the Dnieper, where they built villages [ and towns in a country laid waste by the Tartars, and be came the defenders of Lithuania against the Crimeans and Turks: For these services they obtained many privileges ' and immunities by Sigismund . I, who also granted them lands above the falls of the Dnieper, where they gave their name to the town of Cherkassy. They divided themselves into hundreds and regiments, whose chiefs, or Hettnans, obtained front the polish King, Stephen Bathory, as a mark of particular esteem, a royal standard, a bc:se's tail, a emu inander'a staff and seal. 1 t was these warriors, burning fur liberty and the Greek church, who, daring the first half of the 17th century, freed Little Russia from its foreign oppres sors, and restored the province to its lawful sovereigns. The Cossaca called Saporogi (dwelling below the waterfalls) formed a part of those of Little Russia: their ssjetsha (mud forts) were originally the rendezvousjof unmarried Cossacs, who had Ito other trade but war and plunder ; but subsequently they settled in theta. It was probably from the example of the Ukraine Como, who were constantly armed and prepared to receive the enemy, that the northern cities caught the idea of forming a similar militia. The territory of Iljasan, which was most exposed to the attacks of the nomade robbers, wanted this kind of defenders more than any other; and the immunities offered, and the pro apect of booty, induced many young men without property to enlist themselves as Cossacs. In the history of subse quent periods, we find horde-Cossaca, Assovian,and Nogaian Comes : the name at that time implied volunteers, par tisans, or adventurers, but not robbers, as some pretend, referring us to the sense which the word bears in the Turkish language. It cannot be a term of insult--since warriors, who died for their liberty, country, and religion, called themselves thereby." • . By this short sketch, it appears evident that the Cossacs have not only originated in different tribes, but that many of them are a mixture of different races, of which the real Russians form no small proportion ; a supposition rendered the more probable from their great conformity with that nation in features, language, religion, and habits. But still there is a difference in their capacities and feelings, which is perhaps more owing to the peculiar mode of life they have been pursuing for several centuries past, than to a natural difference of disposition. They are by far more active, intelligent, and enterprising than the other Russians in private life, as much as in war; :.nd although fierce towards an enemy, they are of a gentle and tractable disposition, and candid, upright, and hospitable to the stranger who sojourns in their land. What distinguishes them above all from the rest of their countrymen, is their spirit of independence and love of liberty. They have proved of incalculable service to the Russian government, not only in actual warfare, but also in guard ing its extensive frontiers, in the south and east; against the predatory tribes which hover around them—in protecting mercantile caravans and political missions over Mount Caucasus, and through the steppes of the Kirghis—in con veying government orders, escorting prisoners, Fire. ; their activity and strength, courage, vigilance, and fidelity being proof against the severest trials. Armed with his pistols and lance, tend seated on a pony as nimble and as indefati gable as himself, the Cossac will travel for hundreds of miles with scanty food, and without any other rest than a few short snatches of sleep taken on the hard ground, and under the canopy of heaven, while his faithful animal is grazing near. him ; and never he satisfied till his commis sion, whether it he the simple conveyance of a letter, or the intercepting of a convoi, be fulfilled. There is still another circumstance in which they have been very useful to Russia, and under which they arc least known in this country, viz. as discoverers. The vast! countries of Northern Asia, situated between the Ural'` mountains and the Eastern Ocean, the Arctic Sea anti the I river Amoor, now known by the general name of Siueria, were all discovered and rendered tributary to Russia by Cossacs ; and that at a period, when the monarchy itself (during the 17th century), struggling against the imbecility" of its rulers and the rude attacks of foreign invaders, was on ii the point of being dissolved. A few of tht se adventurers:, encouraged by some Russian merchants, and followed by some hundreds of vagabonds from all parts of the country, [ conquered the country as far as Tobolsk, before they re . r coved any aid from government. A few hundred of them even effected a settlement on the banks of the Amoor, 1 bearding the power of tkonsands of Chinese and Tartars, and would perhaps have extended their conquests far into Mongolia, had they been properly assisted. In short, we may say---as Providence bestows on every country that which its climate and situation seem most to require, so it gave to Russia her Cossacs, without whom she would have remained a prey to the Tartars, and could even now scarcely subsist as an empire. CORN EXCHANGE, WED;EBDAT, Ave. 31. ==M GRNEK PIRE.—COXCIREIrIs' ROCKETS. The inventing o. Congreve rockets, or file art of' throw ing exploding projeetilm Ly means of fusers, pasty for a r•iivelty t but this is a complete error. The soldiers of the 'tower Empire. carried within their shields light tube*, nr hand-siphons, filled with *racial fiie, which mallet through the air with extreme velocity. The Binperor Lee, the philosopher, himself gave directions for the preparation of these siphons ; an operation which the Greeks con stantly labcurtil .to keep secrit. • It is obvious on trio dm-slink! of the inquiry, that a firework tioitsuay trair mitred through the air must naturally, by force of re action, have carried its vehicle with it whenever chant caused its escape from the soldier's band. Hence thet4 must have been a species of Congreve rockets from the entl of the ninth century. Leo, the philosopher, mounter] the throne in 886. It is not certain that lie invented bend-Siphons ; but there IA no trace of them feund in the Byzantine history , previons to his reign. The great siphon first described by Thuci dides and Apollodorus, the use of which was revived in 672, was a kind of stranner pump, which launched naphtlic, pitch, and other liquid and in substances: Thence the name of Median fire and liquid f re. Tie fireworks which burnt in the water, and to which the name of Roman or Greek fire was given, were . in the first in • stance employed by the Assyrians, the Chinese, the Chal deans, the Persians, the Hebrews, the Medes, &c. They were subsequently transmitted to the Phatitians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Alexsndrians, the Byeantines, the Vandals, the Arabs, the Franks, &c. The artificial fire in question has not only been employed in very distant epochs, but it has never been entirely out cf use. The mode of composing anal using it is to be found in a great number of ancient and modern work: , . Certain distinc tions, however, in the ingredients, the preparations, and especially the name, have caused the various mistakes into which great numbers of distinguished writers have fallen ; such as Theophanes, Cedrenus, *Melancthop, La Porte, &c. & Ducange, Moreri, Montesquieu, Grose . , Watson, Gibbon, c. , • In the celebrated-MS. of Mircus Greens is to be found, at the same- time, the mode bf 'snaking gunpowder, Greek tire, and destrisetive rockets. The same information was revived in a work of the thirteenth century, attributed to Albert the Great. Roger Bacon appears to have been ac- quainted with something of the same kind, but like Marcu G'riecus and Albert, he is silent on the subject of cannon. and all other hinds of fire-armi ;-"so that the rockets called Congreve, which are now-a-days regarded as the most re• cent invention of artillery, constitute, on the contrary, one of the most ancient. The proofs of this proposition are Front tithe inttrietnorial the Chinese have possessed fire arms,, artil more especially fireworks ; but they never made any remarkable use of them' in war till towards the com mencement-of the thirteenth century. At shut epoch, that is ro say, about the yettr, - 123i, they defended themselves against the Tartars by the use of bombs, fire-projectiles, anti eying fusees or rockets, The hitter, as we shall end, were already known Europe; but after the most vigorous search, there are no proofs of :heir use till 1379 or 1380. The Paduans em • played them to burn the city of M es t re , an d t h e V enet i an s to burn the tower De!le &be, which appertained to it‘• outworks of Chiogia. 'These facts occurred almost uncle. the eye of the historians who relate them. 1n'1449, Dunois threw rockets into the square of Port Audemor, and while the besieged exerted themselves to extinguish the fire they caused, the Perch scaled the walls. In a MS. which passed for very ancient in 1561, de structive fire-rockets are described with minute particu larity. It is recommended that the wrappers should be made of iron-plates, and varnished to prevent their rusting. Louis Collado, the chief engineer to Charles the FiftL, informs us, that at the period when he cotnposed his Artil lery Maitre (in 1586) fusses were employed in order to throw light on the environs of besieged places, and for the ' purpose of routing ctvalry He recommends that petards should be added to them, in order . to render them more dangerous, and that they should' be thrown by means of t. long tube, in order to augment their projectile force. Furttembach describes a kind of buckler, surmounted by a tube, for the purpose of throwing hand-grenades and fusers. This author informs us that the Moors, and other Mnssulmans, made great use of them in their sea-fights. He adds, Ist, that the head of the rocket ought to be shod with barbed iron : 4 2:1, that sometimes the wrapper. was coated with inflammable matter, in order to prevent the enemy front seizing and throwing it back: and 21_ that iron and leaden halls were introduced into the petard. which, on its bursting, composed a destructive initraille. Towards the end of the seventeenth century, and during: the eighteenth, fusee' were disused in Europe, except fur naval signals andieuz doie. But in Asia they Were still continued to be employ ed in war. In different districts of this part of the world feu: de joie have been long employed as well as in China. The Jew, Benjamin de Tudela, who visited Persia about 1173, saw a great number of fireworks, called " suns." which ere nothing but rotatory fusee:. When the Portu— guese, for the first time, landed at Melinda,. in 1498, the Indiana never ceased, during the night,.iiring of rockets and cannon, as a sign of rejoicing. The soldiers of Tippoo Saib threw a great number o' rockets among the British besieging force at Seringapatan. Julienne de Bellair, who had previously witnessed their efficacy, uselessly attempted to cause their adoption it France towards 1791. General. Liriboissiere, Marescot, Eble, and several other individuals of loss note; were not more successful. At length Sir William Congreve was more fortunate ; having succeeded, in 1803, in prevailing upon the Britial. Government to employ them.—Ariatic Journal. CLOCK AND WATCH-MAKERS' PENSION SOCIETY. On Tuesday the COmmittee and Friends of this eteellett In • stitution held its Seventh Anniversary, at flighbury Barn Tavern, where upwards of 200 persons sat down to dinner. J. WALKER. - Esq. the Treasurer of the Society, petalled. After the cloth was removed, and Non Nebis Dania, sung I fine style by Mr. T. Smith and other vocal performers, who wets engaged for the occasion, the customary loyal toasts were 'lrani. with enthusiasm, cash being succeeded by appropriate songs. The CHAIRMAN then rose to address the Assembly, and served, that he felt it incumbent on him to adopt that mode of pet.- ceeding which these who had tilled the Chair on past occasion. ha.; uurstal, namely, to state the nature of the institution, and the on. sects which it embraced. Übe did this's/Ith less perspicuity thi: his predecessors had done, the lack would be supplied by the pr;.. sonal knowledge of those he had the honour to address. (Applause.) The Clock and Watchmakers Pension society was established the year 1817, at a time when at least one-third of the workme. were out of employ,.apd it was gratifying to observe that ha pro. aperity and improvement had increased with every succeeding year , I(Loud applause.) The object which this Society had in view et“.. well knowm . and it only required to be known in order to be appts • i elated ; yet it beearne him as Chairman to advett fo it. It was te administer aid to aged and decayed members of the several branches of the trade and their WitISWS. The worthy Chairman Men de. scanted upon the benefits which the Society hid already admi. nistered to those sho, by the • ....isitititcs fire, hatl fallen Noe the station they once held in the trade with which they were eat , . fleeted, and not only to them, but their aid had 'been extended •t 'the bereaved owners of ott.ers, and ibe " widow's- heart wuv caused to sing for joy." (Applause.) The Chairmakthen an appeal to his auditors, and exhorted them to ruttier benevolent c in language which did honour to his head arid his heart. He in, . pada* largely upon the blesssings whirls the conaibutor periented as well as the recipient, and the consolation it wool.: yield at the clove of life, to reflect that they had nut withheld tii hand of Charity from him that had need. (Applause.) Th .- worthy Chairman would, in conelution, propose a toast, which I was sure would be in unison with every heart ProsPeritY t the Clock and Watch Makers' Persian fiociety." (Appleuse.li The report of the proceedings during the past year was reatiky Mr. Wit. LOVOILAY, one of the Secretaries, which, together wit:, the Treasurer's eroounts, were of a most gratifying canoe. It ap pears that the annual receipts average about 880/., which arc de• rived principally from subscriptions and do-tenons, to which are added, an annual benefit at sadler's Wells Theatre, and the protire derived from an excursion to the:Wove and a ball. The health of the Lerd Mayor and Corporation °I-Lculda° was drank with loud applause. • • • Mr. Ilt.g.anow said that on preceding occasions they had bes!! one oe the corporate body to preside tim chair, which Ca, not the ease in this instance, notwithstanding up. lineation had been made in the properquarter. Be (Mr. B.) eon. sideretVatiat it was the duty of that great body to s an c t io n and foss honoured by having ter thilfirbterfant branch or commerce. (Loud applause.) The -neektie of the Trustees, Treasurer, Honorary Seetetaties s and rtig Caemittee (whose isbours are gratuitous) were severally pretoihrl and drank with loud applause, which mark of distinct:us WAS gratefully acknowledged try 'it officers of the hweiety. The health. of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman (Mr. C. Leta) were aloo drank amidst rapturous plaudits. Thee; gentle men repreesed their patitudit IX honour doe, them, and, pledgiai them/elves to 'redouble *Worts to remote the ben.. I yeleht obioete eeetroced by the i As als holy hour the rettet loiter the hompotty adlarhod. .. -~ r ~:. r. 1 1."_~ • . .. i