The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1826-04-12 00:00:00

LISBON PAPERS. ((too the Lirben Ger-xitt or March 27.1 DIMAR7IIMX7 Or IMF. Alkwurst, Or THE INTERICIII. CIRCULAR. To Joao de Matto' e Vaseoneellas ilarbort de illagahara. Tits Oovern m ent of these king dom. crested by the Royal Decre e tba Fith March this yrs', of which live Szrene Highness the beats Donna Isabella t lain is President, considering the neeeti ,.yd regulating the forms for the despatch of business, ordains el follows That all laws. letters patent, sentence., anti all documents ghente . w hich ar usual'y despatched in the name of the Sove reign, shall be headed as follows : .. ten Pedro, be tie rrAre of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve. on this aide. snd herimd the pea in Africa, leol - d of Guinea s od of the Conquest. N,viia':on, and COUllliefee of Ethiopia, Arabia. Pasta, and I .di3..t.e. That the Alvaras shall run thus:l, the King, make known.' .• The Decrees .h4ll he in the form hitherto us ed. •• That the ~/vizos and Poi tariqs shall be issued as at present, e. • The Government of these kingdoms, created by Royal De. ceee of tith March this Year. of which the nrut Serene Senhoru In. fiats DOW% Maria Przaitlent, " The seals used' tor punter dog:101[111i to he as they were before the law of lath Dere^ther, Ittli. with the following inscription p etm iv. DA G ru tiu po.togaliie et A Igariiinrunt Res. '• JOSE J()A CIittQUIMA DE DE ALACLM Ell/A ERI)A.E ARANJO " March 20, 1826 This circular is addreesel to all the public offices. The Lisbon GazrVes LI the 29111 March contain nothing more relative to Portugal. BUENOS .11 It P.IPE RS. Banes Ayres parrs to ',a0.1 January reached one Office yesterday. Great efforts appear to be making by the Go vernmeht of Buenos .Ivr-s to equip a navy, in which they have succeeded to an extent Om( seems, according to these accounts, to have slartneil tlttir enemies. It is also as.. toted that the Braz:liaus have been defeated by the troops of the Banda Oriental. .I.ts.l3.—The last a; count) from Monte Video state that there are in that port only a Itrsaiiiim brigantine and schooner, and mer chantmen of difii-rent rations detained ; that Vice.Atimiral hobo sailed on the nth inst. with his squadron, cuosiating of two cor: vetoes, three brigantines, twa %C:10011[1111, three gun.boats. and two tra nsports, with the di sign of fortifying the island of Martin Oar. eta, and that on the sth of this month his Britannic Majesty's ship of the IMe, the Wellesley, of 112 guns, arrived there from Rio Janeiro. A boat belonging to the English frigate the Doris, anchored here yesterday, bringing despatches. from Monte Ytdco for Mr. Pariah. C.4onel William Brown has been incorporated with the era. tional marine, sod 'titivated with the command in chief of the squadron. • Jawe say I,l.—Despatches haves just been received from Ben. Inealleja, one of which details the vCtury gained over the Bra silia.* by Colonel Don Leonardo (Rivera, the result of which is orrery great importance, as it ha. given us possusioh of the I m portant place of Santa Theresa , and of the fort of San Mi. gt e , which are on the frontier of the enemy's territory, and are coo 4idere.l as the key of it. The report of Colonel Oliver* states, that he had taken the enemy by surprise, who ran out of the houses in their shirts, and escaped into the mountains, where they could not be pursued ; about 20 were killed or wounded. and 70 or 80 made prisoners. A considerable quantity of arms and ammunition were taken, and many horses. This affair took place in the morning of the 31st or December. Colonel Brown having taken the command of the squadron, sailed on the 13th to reconnoitre the enemy, and offered them bat tle; bat the enemy, rotwititstan.ding his superiority, was not to be Induced to light, anti retreated. JAN- 17.—The saili..g of our tuptadren, and the cowardice of the enemy, produced an extraordinary enthusiasm in the Multi tudes that crowded the barks of the river. Many offered to I enlist as volunteers ; some persons manned and aimed eight or ten boats, and followed the squadron. Oor principal merchants made a subscription of twelve thou sand piastres, to purchase the American schooner Grace Ann. but could not egyee with the proprietor, who asked ah exorbitant price. The Government has purchased the Upton and Mohawk brigs. and the Orate Ann schooner, and has changed their names to the followings—Republica Argentina, Congresso Censtimente, and Sarandi. Tire followiug otlicers were appointed to command them:—'Tau Congress° tonstrtuente, Csptaiu Robert. )loon ; Sub. Lieutenants William Corey and Jahn King. The Republica Argentina. Commander Lieutenant Robert G. Bentley; Ath-Lieutenant lama Welder. ?he Sarandi, Commander Lieut. Robert 11. Ford ; Sub• Lieutenant Hugh Campbell. JAN. 20.—We learn that the army of operation has already pasted into the Province Oriental ; though this news is not ofli. end, we belieie it to be certain. It is of great importance to the *Deem of the campaign, it being absolutely necessary to support Colonel (Rivera, who has occupied San Theresa. JAN. 24.—0 n the 21st our squadron gave new proofs of valour, and the enemy of cowardice. One of the enemy's gun-boats was taken. JAW. 27.—Tbe Congress continues to discuss the plan wanted by the Government for the establishment of a national bank. A project has been laid before the Congress for incorporating the dis count bank with the national bank. It was referred to the Com mittee of Finance, and the agents appointed by the General Hoard of the discount bank haring expressed their readiness to join in the plans of the Government, the Congress has decreed the proposed incorporation, each share of • 1,0131 dollars in the discount bank to be convertible into siz shares of 200 dollars in the national bank. Yesterday a ballot was taken at the East India House, on the following question. viz :-- "That the sevcrelow of property suwaincd by Mr. Buckingham, in consztmenee of tile . measures of the Bengal Government subse quently to his departure from India, having involved him in pent may difficulties, which it could never have been within the contemplation of the public Authorities to occasion, but against which no human foresight on his part could have provided ; and than difficulties having been greatly augmented by the obstacle* which prevented him from returning to Cdcutta for a short period, to wind up his affairs ; the Proprietors of East India stock, animated solely by a desire to relieve that gentleman from the embarrassments in which he is now unhappily plunged, earnestly recommend to their Honourable Directors, that there be granted to Mr. Buckingham, from the funds of the Company, for the pur pose of assisting him to surmount his present difficulties, the sum Eve thousand imam& sterling, being not more than ot-e-eiehth part of the estimated lose of actual properly occasioned by the proceedirga adverted to; assuring the Honourable Directors that they will meet with the cordial support of this Court, in helping to repair misfortunes and alleviate sufferin gs , no douut unwillingly witnessed, and unintentionally inflicted. At six o'clock the glasses were clotted and delivered to acrudneers, who repotted the question to be decided iu tit,. negative. We regret greatly to find that the firm of Messrs. Cole man, Morris, and Sons, of the Leominster bank, appear as, bankrupts in the Gazette of Tuesday. The whole of these parties are most wealthily committtd, and were reputed to be intlividual!y, as yr& ;-;i ;laity, opulent; and that their affairs should be in such a situation as to render a step like this necessary, will, we are sure, create general surprise.— G' , ,ocester Journal. On Saturday the packet-ship Pacific, for New York, was towed to Ira by bat less than three steam-boats ; and the packet-,Lip Mary Bibby, Whidburn, for Rio de Janeiro, was towed out by two ; the wind at the time blew strong from the westward. The Lord Bishop of Quebec is a Wswnger on board the Pacific. The packet-ship John ells, anti the packet-ship Tuscarora, for Philadelphia, remain wind-hound.—Line pool Albion. lierrca.—The best salt butter is now selling in Salis bury fur 7d. per lb. Three or four of the great gaocers (as they are called) purchased up nearly all that they could possibly obtain, under the • idea that it would never be lower than fourteen or fifteen pence. They, however, made a mistake ; their storehouses arc now filled, and they are compelled to sell at one half the price they originally expected. The parties will sustain a loss of from 5001. to uOO/. each, by their speculation. Frac AT COBIIAII.--4 From a Correspondent.)—About nine o'clock on Monday evening a fire broke out in the stables belonging to Admiral Sir Graham Moore, which for some time threatened destruction to the whole of that valuable and elegant mansion, for so many years in the occupation of the family, at Brook's-place, Cobham. After considerable exertions on the part of the inhabitants and neighbouring parishioners, the 'fire was most fortunately prevented from spreading beyond those buildings where it at first commenced, which we understand were completely razed to the ground. Three very valuable cart-horses were burnt to death, it being found impracticable to release them from their perilously fatal situation before the roof had fallen in. It is supposed that the fire was occasioned through some sparks from a candle falling upon a truss of straw placed near the stable door. There has becn only one person left for execution on the IVestern Circuit this LCitt Assizes; this unfortunate indi vidual is named Samuel Gilbert, tried at Taunton, for hi,thway robbery. We understand that Messrs. Ed. Elton and Co. of Newgate-street, have reflitcrd the prices of their teas in proportion to the fall which has just taken place in the East India Company's sale. EAST I NIMES. The following intelligence should have appeared in our Paper of yesterday ; hut owinz to an accident, just as we were going b press, e q ually unforeseen and unavoidable, its insertion was omitted : EXTRACT OF A LETTER. DATED BT. HELENA. PER. 26 The earn-bre& Castle has strived here, after an uncommon quick pasotice, haring left Calcutta on the lat ol*January. She brings intelligence ad Revere engagement having taken place between Sir A. Campbell and the Burmese, which hutted three days. Our loss • has been extremely heavy. Eleven King's officers killed and wounded, exclusive of those belonging to the Company's service ; and though the Burmese retires, from the field, it dues not appear Ow our troops howl made any advance. The Minerva Bast Indiaman is supposed to wait for the official accounts. General Morrison, commander of the Arracan division, died on board the Carmbrea Castle, on the passage to St. Helena. (From the Calcsolle Julia Bull of Dec. 261 Contrary to the expectations of many, Durjunt Sal has permitted active operations to commence against Bhuttpore, on the part of the besieging force. The morning of the 10do inst. saw the head. quarten of n British force cstablisfied once more under the walls of Bhurtpore, and the positinn of Lord fake, No celebrated in the his tory dour ;twee in India, again taken up by the division under Major-Oentra/ Nicolls. Our troops had succeeded in getting pus session of the shake which lets in the water of the Oheel to the wet ditch of the fort-2; success regarded as of considerable importance in expediting operations. The stopping up the Band. which had Ileen inetectually cut by the Bisurtporeans, had been intrusted so Captain Irvine of the Engineers, who accomplished it without any Lose upon our part. By the 12th it was expected that the whole field of artillery would be in position ; and from the admirable state of equipment of the whole force , and the spirit with which every corps is emitted, we May rely on soon having to communicate to our readers the fall. and, we hope, the final ettinetion of this once proud and formidable Mitres*. The energy and activity displayed by the Commander-in-Chief in reaching and taking into the tied the besieging army, 46 beyond praise. It was anticipated by no one that the force coed be m position sooner than the 15th, or even the 25th of Pecember ; but they who thought so calculated. it seems, without a knowledge of what an acthe commanding officer may thieve. Since writing the above, letters from the camp before Ilhurtpore, of the 11th, announce that the Devnin tad been sent out by Dur junt Sal, to plead ter peace, but nothing of the result wa. known. betters frum Agra state, that the Bhurtporeans were tiring away at everything that approached the place, front which we may gather that the Devran, if actually sent out on the 11th to supplicate peace, had been unsuccessful. _ . From the active operations now going forwatd at Bhurtpore. we naturally turn o'er attention to Prome, from which we still remain without any intelligence beyond the !lst ultimo. The enemy with whom we have to contend in that quarter, and the coutitry in which our warlike operations are conducted, preclude the pus,ibility of those active movements which seem so essential to lie character of our power as paramount in the Bast, and on this account, more perhaps than on any other, is the present war with Ave to be re gretted. However signal ultimate anemia may be, delay in arm ing at It must affect the very foundation of the power : and perhaps no object, whether of corluest, or security, or vindication of our authority, ought in good policy to be attempted where it cannot be promptly accomplished. A month has now elapsed since the Helen left Rangoon; and the non-appearance of any other vessel, when several were just about to snit, would seem to indicate that the ships had been de tained by Sir Archibald Campbell, until the result of the enemy's attack oxliiM should be seen. _ . . Our troops, as we have already mentioned, were anxiously ex. pectin and Inviting this attack, as they seemed to regard it as ' holding out the best choice of being able to proceed on their march to Umrapoora, if not also the only road to retreat open Rangoon, should retreat become unfortunately necessary. either Orono the im possibility of getting isuppliea„ or from the enemy opposing a force and persevering spirit which Sir Archibald may not have the means to overcome. From the period at which the boats with the 87th (King's) lef Rangoon, It is impossible that they could reach Prome before tlic attack of the Burmese, if, re expected, this atterk took place about the zd utt. ; nor could Air. Robertson, the commissioner, have reaches, bead-quarters before the event. IFront the Calcutta Gauen:meat azettc of Dec. 26.1 INTL RTPOR E—We have much satisfaction in publishing the following brief notice of the proceedings of the army before Bhurt- pore, oil the 12th instant : On the 10th instant his Excellency the Comm-ender-in-Chief proceeded with a detachment of Major. General Reynell's (the lot Division) towardit the toin of Blahrtpore„ moving on the Gheel, or lake, lying to the northward; while Major-General Nicoll', in command cf the 2d, Or Agra Division, tiering simian a force on the other side, the Bund or embankment of the Meet was taken pos ses:Me of without opposition. The gartison of Bhurtpore had cut the Bond during the early part of the preceding night; but it Was effectually repaired by our Engineers in the coarse of the day, and ireppeara bit tile repine of nwrkarrahs, that the quamity or water obtained for the Outer ditch of the town is very inconsider. able. During the operation of securing, posseasion of the Bund, the gone do he fort kept tip a pretty constant fire, and a few shells were thrown, which wee attended with very little effect. The infintq of the dceision under Major-General Nicolls having been prevented front proeeeding on the 10th to take up its assigned position before Bhurtpore, owing to the want of provisions, the Major.Genend detached the first brigade of Cavalry at tour o'clock in the morning of that day, under the command of Brigadier Moony, in order to tdke advantage of anY attack which might be made by order Of the Commander-in-Chief, on the force stationed on the northern • face of Bhurtpore for the protection M the Bund. This detachment consisted of four squadrons of his Majesty's 16th Lancers, under the command of Major Persse, four squadrons of 6th Light Cavalry, ender Lieutenant-Colonel Becher, Bth Light Cavalry, unocr Lieutenant-Colonel Gall, a troop of, Horse-artillery, with two 12 and tart &pounders, under Major Whish, and a de tachment of Skinner's hone, under Mr. Fraser, who led the ad vance. On arriving in the vicinity of the Bund, on the north. west aide of the fortress, an encampment of the Bhurtpore cavalry was discovered, while a village also was occupied by their pickets, and several patrols skirted the wood on our right flank ; Skinner's horse and the flankers of the column were directed to make a flank movement, by which they cut oil' about 90 hors ales before they could reach an outwork, where the greatest ropottion pf them, with the loin Of a Considerable number of their horses, took refuge. Two supporting squadrons, also, of his AI ajesty'a tith Lancers, and 3th Light Cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Becher, attacked a small village which Doorjunt Sal's troeps had occupied, and where several of his cavalry were cut up, after making a deter mined resistance. About this time the pins of the fort opened, but did not effect much mischief. Brigadier Murray speaks in hand. some terms of the zest and intelligence of Mr. Fraser, in command of the detachment of Skinner's horse, with whose behaviour he expresses his high gratifleatioh. The casualties were very few. Mr. Fraser received a slight wound on one side of his forehead, and Lieutenant Armstrong, of his Majesty's 16th Lancers, was bit by a spent ball on the right side. On the 12th instant the battering train began to arrive, and it was expected that on the following day the points of attack would be determined on. Since the above was In type, we have received the following pri vate intelligence from Bhurtpore, dated the 13th : On the 11th a grand reconnoissance Of Bhurtpore took place. Lord Combermere, accompanied by General Nicolls, went entirely round the fort. There was much cannonading ; ton or eight men were killed add wounded. As the artillery will all be up to-mor row, the batteries, which are to be commenced upon immediately, will soon be armed. The timely stopping up the sluice, cut too late by the Bhunpoteans, has had the best effect, leaving, it is supposed, only four or five feet water in the ditch, and thus depriving the fort of its chief defence. The Agra Derek of the 14th came in last night, but no letters from Head-quarters of that date have yet resclaed Calcutta. [From t(. Calcutta Government Gazelle of N0v.21.1 When the terms of the treaty arrived, and were laid befere the King (of Asa), he flew into a most violent passion, and instantly sent off orders for the war.to be carried on with the most vigorous exertions--demanding why time erasion in talking with the Eng. lish, and the reasons for it and the delay. The Kee Woonghee and General laid the blame on Menghee Ooznah, whom the King ordered to be put to death ; but this was counter-ordeted on the same day. It Is also said, that when the Kee Woonghee and Atta. woona received the terms which the English proposed as a basis of treaty, they lost their hearts and were downcast, but were obliged to send the information to Court, or their lives would be forfeited. The Burmese Generals daily receive orders to proceed to light. The general opinion now in the Burmese ranks is, that the English were making fools of' them in proposing terms. Tile desertions from the Burmese positions are very great--40 to 100 per day. Upon the news of a treaty of peace first reaching the King, he ordered the Europeans out of confinement, and placed them in an open garden of his own ; but when the particulars arrived, he ordered them again into close confinement. 1 From the Cal.ntla Government Gazet'e of Nor. 211.1 The last arrival from Renown has brought very little news from our army in Ara. His Majesty's ltoyal Regiment had embarked on board the boats of the flotilla, and prceeded to Veoundoon about the •22d of October. One of the gaides went to Me-a-dy by water, in the boat of s trader, and remained at that place sit dsys. Whilst he was there, he heard that at Mignon, under Amaibabon, there were only 4.000 men. At Pullo, on this side of Me-a-dv, 6,000, together with 30 guns of all sorts. Ile also heard that 6,000 men had been detached at Patto. On the right bank there were 3,000 men, and 4 ; 000 have gone inland towards Maindooti. BIBLE SoctsviEs.—There are 3,000 of these societies, great, small, and auxiliary, in existence, extending over various comtries. and founded in the course of the last twenty years. The receipts have exceeded a million ster ling, and more than 3,000,000 of copies of the Bible, in 140 of the different languages of the five parts of the world, have been printed and distributed. It is in con templation to send 40,000 Spanish Bibles to South America, where the people have testified an anxious desire to pos sess the holy writings—so much so, that 500 Bibles, and the same number of New Testaments, sent to one of their towns, were disposal of in three days' time.—Bulletin dr la Svc itic Proleturde d: l'u? is. THE BRITISH PRESS. FIVE QUES7IONV ON THE ACTUAL MERCAN TII.h DINT/I@!E. !Sr P. PEBYER. Effingham Willa" Royal Exchange, A pamphlet with the arithmetical title of Fire Questions Olt the Actual Mercantile Distress has just Made its apperance, in which the author has laboured to establish with a laudable zeal the follow_ log propositions:—l. That the scheme of floventment for the reduction of the National Debt was followed by a accessary soh. traction from the amount of interest which it guaranteed; and 2d. That those hollow , wild, and visionary speculations that have been of line entered into, are not chargeable against them. To the best of our belief, none have ever verdured to gainsay these truisms ; for, if the Stock Exchange has been in many in , stances converted into a theatre for gambling projects, surely the government of the country onght not to he chargeable with this result. Ply the reduction of the interest in the national tieht, they merely acted upon the abundance of capital consequent upon a peace, achieved by splendid national exertions ; and it that abundance generated a •pit it of speculation and adventure among oar merchants and capitali-ts, the culpability of Ministers rested on the same inundation as that of the Bagdad merchant, who was mi. cured because the sight of his gems had induced many induatrions traders to try new schemes of enriching themselves. So fsr, there fore, as the conclusions in this ephemeral treatise go, they are cur -1 reef, although they are just the same " thrice-told tale," 'which is ticily rung in our eats. ASTLUM FOIL THE DEAF AND DUMB. The Anniversary Dinner of the above valuable Institution was held yesterday at the City of London Tavern. At six o'clock up wards of one hundred gentlemen sat down to a very excellent enter tainment, his Royal HigIUICSS the Duke of GLOUCESTER in the Chair. As soon as the cloth was removed, ' Non nohis Domine' was sung in beautiful style by Messrs. Broadhurst, Leete, Taylor, and . _ His ROYAL HIGHNESS then gave " The King," with four times four, which was drunk with grad enthusiasm by the company. Song—' God save the King,".,-accompanied by a military band. " The Royal Family," with three, times three. Glee—• Hail smiling morn.' " The Army and Navy," with three times three. Song and Air--` Rule Britannia.' Sir W. ASHDERNIIAM then rose, and said that he had the permission of his Royal Highness, their chairman upon that occa sion, to propose a malt, and that roast he was sure they would all drink with enthusiasm, when he informed them that it wax the health of his Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester. (Oontinued cheers.) 'When he coasidered the extent of the obligations which that Institution was under to his Royal Highness, and when he re. Collected the anxiety which he had upon all occasions displayed for its welfare; and more than all, when he considered kik+ personal at tendance at their anniversary festivals, he could not help regretting that the toast bad not fallen into abler hands than his. When first his Royal Highness toak the Institution "der his care it was of slender growth ; but under the dew of his benign influence it flourished into a majestic tree, until every infant who supplicated its leaf found shelter beneath its branches. (Applause.) Who, he would ask, was the real friend of rational liberty ? Their Royal Chairman. Who aided in bursting the fetters of the Afri. can ? Their Royal Chairman. Who spread the lamp of reforma. tion through the sister island ? Who assisted in reforming the ju venile offender ? Who was the orphans' friend ? Who the pro tector of the destitute? Who but their Royal patron, who raised the speechless suppliant into comfort and happiness? (Applause.) If the friends of the Institution would only follow in his steps, lie should not despair of yet witnessing the day when every unfortu nate being who solicited the aid of the Institution might be admitted to share its blessings. (Cheers.) If those whom he had the honour of addressing had any esteem for exalted worth, or any zeal for the prosperity of the Institution, they would all unite with him in pay. ing a tribute justly due to its greatest benefactor. (Great applause.) The Hon. Baronet then promised " The health of the Duke of Gloucester, with three times three," which was drunk with great enthusiasm. The Duke of GLOUCESTER expressed his unfeigned thanks for the gratifying manner in which they had been pleased to drink his health ; but he believed that the chief portion of the merit which had been attributed to him more properly belonged to those by whom he had been assisted. lie had only done his duty. He re gretted that he did not see upon that occasion so Nil an attendance as usual, which he feared was owing to an idea that the Insti. tution was more prosperous than it really was. The fact was, how ever, that there were numerrue applicants. who could not be ad. mitted owing to the insufficiency of the funds, which he hoped, notwithstanding, might, ere long, enable them to receive every child that might apply to them for relief. Although there was a balance in hand, it was not swab as would enable them to enlarge the establishment. They hall. during the la..t year, admitted twenty children more than usual ; but even then they were com pelled to reject no less than fifty, who had equal claims on their compassion. He hoped, therefore, they would not relax in their support of an Institution which nit only provide d for the unfor- WORK Mattlrell ' , II P'" Then of Ft also eutibied them tu become use become • thy' iul . society, and to . suppress of their parents rather than a burthen, as they must otherwise infallibly have been, upon their industry. Ile would not trespass longer on their atten tion than to thank them for the Nattering manner in which they had drank his health. (Great applause.) Glee—" For, oh ! the best season to laugh and to sing." Sir WM. BLIZZARD, after a short eulogy upon the merits of her Royal Highness, proposed " The health of the Duchess of Glou cester." The Duke of GLOUCESTER returned thanks. " The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, the President of the Institution, with three times three." Song—Mr. Broadhurst, " The bonny blithe blink of my ain fire-side." " Sir William Ashburnhsm and the Vice-Presidents," with three times three. Sir WILLIAM ASIIBURNIIAM returned thanks. The TREASURER (Wm. Nottidge, Esq.) then read a list of donations, at the head of which was the name of his Royal High. ness the Duke of Gloucester for 2:/., and that of the Duchess also for 21/., and the produce of the Sermon preached by the Bishop of Chester in aid of the Funds of the Charity was 1641. 2s. The next toast, which was " Success to the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb," was drunk amidst continued cheers. Comic song by Mr. Taylor. The children educated at the school now entered the room, and displayed to the company specimens of their advancement in writ ing and arithmetic. Three boys, severally, recited the following verses in a manner tolerably clear and distinct, and so as to prove that :he Institution is calculated to bestow the most important be. nefits upon those who unfortunately need its assistance. " Misfortune's Children ever find In Christian Charity relief; Such once were we, and sorely pin'd, Till kind Compassion sooth'd our grief : Your doors of mercy open'd wide— Vour pity snaird, and cheer'd our gloom: Instruction then became our guide, To hope for joys beyond the tomb ! Dark ignorance had still prevail'd, Nor light of science shone for us— Our thoughts through words ne'er been detaird, Had not your bounty aided thus. Thanks to the friends who thus reliev'd Distresses such as once were our's_ Thanks to his menrry, who conceived A plan so generous as your's. Religion now illumes our feet, And points to mansions void of woe, Where pure and pious friends shalt meet, To taste delights none here can know " The Memory of the Founder of the Institution—the Revetend John Townshend." was then drunk in solemn silence. " The Lord Bishop of Cheater, with thanks for his excellent s'ermon," was then drunk with three times three. A variety of other toasts were also proposed from the Chair, and the harmony of the Meeting was kept up to a late hour. Many of the pitmen employed in the neighbourhood of Newcastle will be thrown out of work almost immediately. They have been heretofore hired by the year, entering into written engagements with the coal-owners for that purpose. These bonds will expire this week. It has always been the custom to enter into the new bonds just before the term of the old ones was completed. This has not been done on the present occasion, but, on the contrary, several of the men have received notice that their service will be no longer required. Their dismiszal is, we believe, in some degree attributable to their having been engaged in a union socie y.—Tyne 3fticary. _ _ The Magistrates of Glasgow are speedily redeeming their promise of creating work for the unemployed operatives. Three hundred operatives are engaged at the quarries, and, notwithstanding the sudden transition from sedentary ha bits to such a laborious employment, the men are appa rently cheerful ; their hands, however, have suffered severely, and it may be eight or ten days before they be properly prepared for the fatigue ; in consideration of this they are allowed for the first six days sixpence each, in addition to what they can make by piece work. Several who have applied themselves earnestly, have earned one shilling per day, being half a yard of metal, at the highest paying prices. Besides those who are employed in the quarries, and by several worthy gentlemen in the neigh bourhood, it is expected that the Magistrates will employ about 700 more in other works—so that the distress will for some time be greatly alleviated, and those who are toil ing at the loom will be induced to throw,up their work till better prices be obtalhed. Never, in the annals of misery and of weaving, was a web given• out at a halfpenny per ell, the weaver to pay the weft winding, till this awful pe riod ; and the manufacturer who gives it, and the poor wretch who accepts of it, arc orally to be pitied.—Glus rw Free Press. TO THE RDITOR Oh' THE BRITISH PRESS. 9t a,—The very useful and praiseworthy labours of Mr. PELL, in the consolidafkin of our penal laws, will natu rally have the effect of drawing the public attention to the principles upon which those laws have hitherto been framed, and of bringing about that effective revision of them, which they so urgently require. It is the prevailing complaint throughout the kingdom that crimes are multi plying—that every Assize of late years brings with it an increased calendar of enalefactots—and that, whether, the sentences pronounced are lenient or severe, the effect is the same; the gaols are not thinntd, and the mass of delin quency still goes on increasing. For this lamentable effect there must he some adequate Cause. In part, it may, no doubt, be aNcribeil to the greater temptations that arise out of the general diffusion of wealth —in part, too, it may be owir to the rapid increase of that class of the population that, born in poverty and bred up in idleness, are easily seditieil into all manner of vice, and will never seck to maintain themselves by labour while they can maintain theinaelves by any other meant; but these causes alone will nit account for the fact. If, in _ . spite of the numbers which annually suffer death, and the crowds of convicts sentenced to transportation, we find culprits of both kinds meet their fate with more indiffe rence than ever, it seems reasonable to suspect that there must he some fundamental error fn our penal code—that much of the evil so much deplored proceeds from some radical defect in our mode of dealing with offenders; since the pool:chloride we inflict, so far from operating as a warn ing, do just the reverse, and instead of exciting a dread of crimes, increase the numb:•r of offenders. Theft and robbery are come to rank among the trades; children are regularly brought up to them. Instances of early de pravity, which in former times were rare, are become-mat ter of every day (wenn( nee; and the houses of correction, to which the youthful delinquents are from time to titre sent, turns them again eac:i titnc updn the World, with their wits better sharpened and their bad propensities more confirmed than before. There is no branch of political economy so Important, or so worthy the attention of all who would promote the real good of the country, as that which has for its object the introduction of a more enlightened system of legisla tion into our busty of penal statutes. We owe greatly to that liberal spirit which is fast finding its way into. our mercantile intercourse, and which lias been advocated Nith so much ability anti enforced with 6d much firmness by Mr. flessissoty. Let the same philosophical survey be tak t n of our criminal as of out COMMERCIAL code. Mr. PeeL has done much to disentangle its perplexity, • and to rid it of what was obscure, siipeifluous,aftil obso- - lete ; but much yet remains to be done. •No person, awn sure, would be more truly anxious thin the Houle Secre tary would be, to give efltict to any reformation that could be introduced with safety and effect; but the subject is too large for the grasp of any single mind. There are, perhaps, few public writers whose works are more generally read than those of Archdeacon PALET. Ile is studied very much—and very profitably—by that class of readers who have their opinions yet to form, and this class includes the great majority of the teading,patt of the community. In his " PrinCiples of "fatal and Political Philosophy' he has a chapter " Crimes and Punishments." which I never could read without deeply regretting that so excellent an opportunity hail been lost of investigating this most important subject, and of confirming those great and invaluable axioms of criminal justice to which his extensive reputation as a moralist would have given currency, and which would, by this means, have been gradually moulded into the sentiments of the nation. Unfortunately there is no chapter in his work which contains so little that can de serve the name of " Political Philosophy," as that which relates to this very subject, which called so much for the illustration of its principles. PALLY begins by affirming that— " The proper end of human punishment is, not the satis faction of justice, but the prevention of crime. IV the satisfaction of justice I mean the revilantion of so much pain for so much guilt, which is the dispensation we ex pect at the hand of Cod, and which we ace accustomed to consider as the order of things that perfect justice dictates and requires. In what sense, or whether witfi truth lb any sense, justice may be said to demand the punishment of offenders, I do not now inquire ; but I assert that this demand is not the motive or occasion of human punish ment."—(Vol. 2. p. 98.) There are sentiments contained in the above passage which, coming from the pen of a professed theologian, are open to more objection than I feel inclined to make upon them. They are manifestly written with very little reflec tion. If the satisfaction of justice is not the proper ore Iff punishment, there seems no good ground for representing it as the principle on which we are to expect it will' e in. flicted by the Deity in a future world. It is making man' more equitable in the dispensation of punishment than his Maker, since the former alone is made to con- cult the proper end of punishment, while it requires no pains to prove that all punishment inflicted with out a view to that end, whatever it may be, is ini quitous and cruel. As little warranted by any principle of reason or utility is the doubt which is thrown out " in what sense, or whether in truth in any tense justice may be said to demand the punishment of offenders." On what other principle is punishment in any case to be regulated? Every crime is punishable either as it occasions an injury to the community at large, or to tome in dividual of that community. It is justice that in both cases requires that they should be protected by the laws, and the same principle enjoins that more suffering should not be inflicted than is necessary to deter the delinquent himself from the repetition of the offence, and at the same time to operate as a warning to others. Justice must, in fact, be the basin' of criminal laws as of all other jaws, and it is confounding all our sentiments of right and wrong to teach us otherwise. " The fear," it is added, " lest the escape of the crimi nal should encourage him, or others by his example, to repeat the same crime, or to commit different crimes, is the sole consideration which authorizes the infliction of punish ment by human laws. Now that, whatever it be, which is the cause and end of punishment, ought undoubtedly to regulate the measure of its severity. But this cause ap pears to be founded, not on the guilt of the offender, but on the necessity of preventing the repetition of the offence ; and front hence results the reason that crimes are not by any government punished in proportion to the guilt, nor in all cases ought to be so, but in proportion to the diffi culty and necessity of preventing them. Thus the stealing of goods privately out of a shop, may not, in its moral quality, be more criminal than the stealing them out of a house ; yet being equally necessary, and more difficult, to be prevented, the law, in certain circumstances, denounces against it a severer punishment." (I'. 289.) With respect to the principle which Paley here lays down, and which he afterward.; insists upon more strongly —that the 'severity of punishment ought not to be measured by the guilt of the offender, but to .the necessity of preventing the offence, as I shall examine it in a future letter, 1 shall not dwell upor it at present. As to the case quoted by way of illustration, that of privately stealing from a shy, it deserves a remark, that by the Bill brought ht by Mr. Peel, and now in pregress through the House, " for consolidating and amending the laws in Eng land relative to larceny, and certain other offences respect. ing property," the 10 and I I W. 111. c. 23, which made the privately stealing any goods, wares, or merchandise,' from any shop, ware-house, coach-house, or stable, is re pealed, and a shop is not deemed part of a dwelling-house, unlessadjoined to it by some internal communication,aud the word privately, used in the former Act, is untitled in the pre sent Bill. In the repealed statute, the punishment of death was unwarranted ; the feelings both of the Judges and of the Jury revolted against it, and it is curious to remark the subtle distinctions which were suggested from the Bench in mercy to the accused. Thus, in the case of Thomas Smith, indicted for stealing two cheeses, &c. the Court. stlecided that " the circumstance of taking goods privately in the shop makes it a capital offence, but if any one sees them taken, it is nut a capital offence." At the old Bailey in Ja nuary, 1782. In a case where the accused was not seen to take the goods, and the charge, therefore, of privately stealing could not he repelled, another refinement of con struction was stetted to get rid of the capital offence. Thus Mary Seddon, otherwise Field, was indicted for felo niously stealing a ham, Value Bs., the prokrty of Jain Davis, privately in his shop, when the Cour, r, on charging the Jury, said, " The construction , of this Stat u te is, that only one person can be guilty of the capital felony, and that is the hand which ac tually takes it; therefore, unless you beli-ve that Mir i• the woman that actually took the ham, you may acquit helot the capied part of the charge, which is that of stealing prirady."—Ohl Bailey Sessions, June, 178.1 • gum. roue other cans might he adduced to show Low constantly the legal acuteness of our Judges has been em ployed to combat the excessive severity of our penal sta tutes: and•why ? because the pudishment has been out of all proportion to the offence. I had intended to go more fully into an examination of the doctrine which Pa t E Y lays down upon this importipt subj. c: of cr inges and punishment, but I shall probably have occupied already as much apace as you can spare, and shall therefore defer it to a future lettet. ORANICITS. I '1 SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. (BY EXPRESS.) NEWMARKET, TUESDAY The company was by no means so numerous as yesterday, it con: stated wholly of the Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others, in the habit of visiting it, and interested in the event of the running. Tile thinness of company was attributed to the weather, it blowing a perfect hurricane, and the dust flying in an intolerable degree. The ground is very unfavourable for running, being hard btu es. ther loose at top. The horses were greatly annoyed while running by the dust, which nearly choked them; this inconvenience, how ever, was slightly ameliorated by the wind blowing the dust before them. A partial fall of gait, took place in the morning, but it did no good'. 'I he races yesterday being later than appointed C. Wilson, Vq. (hither of the Turf ), and one of the 8. e wards, attended the weigh. ing, and notified, that it time was rot kept, the regular tints shoiad be inflicted. This has hid the desired effect. The arrivals since our last list have been numerous; we shell give: complete list of them id our next. The running was as under:— The Breallast Stakes of 100 each , colts fist. 71b. D.M. Mr. Wortley's by Cervantes—Calypso ,- Mr. Rogers a Turban, by Selhn Mr. liaison's, by Orville—Pranks - . Lord Verulam's, by Abjer IS:tting 3 to I on Calypso. Calypso made very strong running all the way, was neser basal, add won very cleverly by a length. : i Sweepstakes of 200 mil. N. M. Mr. itogers's Monarch Mr. Greetlle's Bichsel . Mr. Bunter's c by Oreille—Canvas . Betting 3 to I on Monarch. A moat beantiftil race. l:omus took a slight lead, when Richest and Monarch came up together a little before the Bushes, and some One running followed. They kept head and head some time, when the filly got a little in front, bat could nut hold it. Near the cords Monarch ward het, And won s 'desperate race by half a length, rode by Buckle; Raebael r by Gooui.hou ; and the Canner Colt, 9y Conolly. - 1 - 2 - 4 • . _ The Oatland stakes, of 50 soy.. each, 1).1. The Dube of Portland's Mortgage, 3 yrs old, 7st. tilb. . 1 tiOrd.Anototes Shiro. 4 rill, Bst. 101 b. . - . 3 3tr. P. erayen's Triumph, 5 yrs, Bst. 131 b. - - U Mr. Wyndham's Stumps, 3 yrs. Bst. lib. . - . 0 Mr. Thomhill's Surprise, 3 yrs. 7st. 71b. - 0 General Grosvenor's .Winge, 3 yrs, 7.t. tilb. - - U Mr. Smith's Whipcord, ,8 yrs. 7.t. 61b. - - . 0 Three to I agst Triumph, .3 to 1 agat Stumps, 7 to *2 sg't the winner. It was a fine slashing well-contested race, and no true had I a decided lead till near ending, when Mortgage let loo.e closely followed be Sligo; Mortgage winning by half a length. Sligo, by Robinson; Stumps, by Anion; burprize, by elift; Mortgage, by R. Boyce; Triumph, by S. Day ; Wings, by Baroard 3 and Whipcord, by Cooolly. DENIM. 4} to 1 apt 9loaarti3, 6 to B app4 Pack, and 6 to 1 apt Notion. Qatro. I to 1 apt Racbial, 6 to 1 apt &gustily, and 8 to 1 apt Pawn. CITY BCSINESX The LOIn MAYOR held a Court of Aldermen Yes . terdoy at Ooildhall, for the general despatch of public business. The Thanks of the Cuurt were unanimously voted to the !(shop of Chichester , andifhe Rev. J. IV. Cunnineham, of Harrow, ti their Sermons preached before the Court, and the Go vernors o'ithe Royal Hospitals, et Christ's Church, Newastr-street, on Xastat Monday and Tuesday last. The Sheriffs presented accounta of the state of the seteral ' , tisane of the illy of London, and of t he hea.th of the prisoners. 11Zetwis. Gorst, Deputy Fisher, and Shearninn, were admitted and morn cot i meters, in trust for the City, for tour years; and Messrs. t retard, Frlder,mnd Kinn yarn irwoomay -Itottootelle daimon. ------- ol CounT agreed with a keport from a Committee for rant: log an inmase in the numb& of the Livery of the Clockmakers . Company. Commissioners of the Court of Requests, for the month of June next, were appointed. A Petition troin the inhabitants of Gracerhurch-street, for the removal of the towq carts allowed to stand In the upper part of that street, was presented to the C 04114 and referred to a Committee for' consideration. _ _ Upon affidavit, and motion by Counsel, precepts were ordered , to issued for impanelling Jade! to assert the value of sundry premibes required to be purchased under the Act for the removal of Fleet 31„aket. Jane Citter, n girl of Westminster, WU admitted into the Khali of Emanuel Hospital. TO TILE ED/TOR OF THE BRITISH PRESS. April 11, 1896. SIR —It is a well !mown saying that there le no good without its' coneomitafit evil. Never was that saying better illustrated than at the present period, when every one is agog (if I may be allowed that term) to relieve the silk weavers, and I perceive a correspon dent (B. L.) in this day's paphr recommends all the play-going folks to wear silk. Now, Sir, if this advice be taken, what is to become at' the cotton weavers, the boinbasio weavers, and others I Would Wish some more intelligent person than myself to re solve this question, I shall therefore feel obliged by your inarrang this. Your's, tle. A COTTON WEAVER. P.S. I would r.ot wish that any argument of mine should mill tate against the intetests of silk weevers; let there be subscrip tions; only d 0 not let every one leave off cotton to the ruin of the cotton weavers, in order to wear silk to the bettering of the silk weavers. SI XGULAR DlSCOtEitr.—(From a Cortespontlent.)— " Teo men, whilst lately employed in an adjoining plantation, ob served a mysterious character wandering on the margin of a lonely rivulet. His peculiar detneantrir forcibly concentrated their atten tion, and upon more minutely obsesving his movements, the ground apparently discovered a small aperture, and instantaneously abstracted the stranger from their Sight. After unsuccesfully inns tigating the development of this remarkable incident, they retired with no other consolation than a chaos of conjecturer. On the en suing day the same appearance occurred, which Induced a diligent examination, which, howeVer, was attended with no more satisfac tory disclosure than the one preceding. Involved in this dilemma, they resorted to stratagem, by secreting themsel►es in ambush to accomplish the detection of this subterraneous recess, which eventually terminated beyond their most sanguine expectations. Concealed by a contiguous fence, they marked the precise spot of his disappecrance. and upon removing the moss and sedges ingeniously adjusted on the surface, discovered a 000- fined passage, on entering which they ly.:held the object of their search, pale and motionless with terror, surrounded by a variety of implements and apparatus adapted for the use of a distillery ; a speculation he and his accomplices had evidently practised for some time. The importunity of further inquiry, however, was artfully evaded on his part by a precipitate retreat ; nor has any clue hi therto transpired for the apprehension of his ascsociates. The in terior of this excavated cavern presented a moat interesting appear ance—a solid rock, overlaid with interseced timber and turf, formed • spacious apartment, a narrow interstice allowed the smoke to es cape, and two collateral channels admitted water the contiguous stream, with every other requisite for the efficiency of their project. This exhumated cavern stands on the gentle acclivity of a retired vale, near Northallerton, peculiar for its romantic and picturesque scenery. We regret our inability to communicate at present a more circumstantial account, but trust to gratify our readers by a subsequent detail of authenticated facts, connected with this extra ordinary discovery."—Dirrhant County Advertlscr. On Wednesday last two partridges, in flying over Edin burgh, were so terrified by the noise and bustle below them, that they alightcd in a street, and would not rise again. The one ran into a common stair-case, the other into a shop, and were both taken without the least resistance. Thursday, a middle-aged female, on being sentenced by the Police Magistrate at Edinburgh to sixty days' confinement in Britlewell, for stealing a shift, said that she had committed the crime for the purpose of being sent to Bridewell, she being in bad health, and having no friends; in fact, that to her Bridewell was g comfortable dwelling.—Coledonlan Mercury, April IL lire understand that there arc at this time nearly seven hundred prisoners confined in the Kirkdale House of Cor rection, of which number upwards of two hundred are committed for felony, of whom one hundred and sixty-five are to be tried at the present sessions. besides many for minor offences. We regret to hear that a great portion are termed old offenders, having been before tried and con victed of felonies. It is confidently expected that a number of convicts will be sow to the Dock-yard, Plymouth, forthwith, for the purpose of working in the docks, &e. Such a measure has been we understand in ccntemplarion for many mouths pa.it, and is nor to be carried into execution. .1 I - *, . time.