The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1824-01-20 00:00:00

lei yo% he first "Peet. colony ith the t it th e TY into r not to hat hi, Ilia ins. nt sash at p re . n for Mere to r iil n ot irectitig enable )f ever, lition of ccesaity len and pal con. si tate to may b e in they I by th e elfsrre rfully to ting this met ot► hr the rat:oloLn Sabbaly labour, the time he mart obably, !yen, and r, to tits inarken ibtruction vcrn went pecs. ions eau. Sandy • for that iinary to ti of the if Justice. yes must for tbeir all slaves Trance in oilies, too Iv be eon lent of tin In., that, tloptcd by tleclarOg all txcapt, i I'ourt . to LI either of religious to instruct itntas has ion as, is to tinder -1Y: cos :r of the as would preventing ry to keep potency to •n certifiel 1 in such' , and * such ccr.• ifk sties ss 164 as rair M ei:mown; e such ilia ge of Est bc founds. c system rt iscratior to canigial carrot be his institir , niers whici Clic prised .nts another Lv, it will litre with I nv, or ens ith any Fr. dy takes of ;Laudon; a as pow sine estate!, lits is mane h moreover of the 'We .art of this r exemptirg Firm nnw.. 'al the nth- I l e innisatiss risers miiMt engaged to s where the :nplanil era• liken that 111 the riri 4 nsent of the tile "astel i• *lieulll te is resistartc Patties )ur attentiof ;; obescle .ttri from the co!ony, hie l earn tbst pre, ; no ; ;; y the cet". nril rim' u• al reef wifiell mire peeill" freer he owncr. den of mu , - would be is* to be nittiv' Secretary •istcring tEe he slave Ir.'i age. and .ti , .':e! or intro years of agr. in those eto^ mired, bef . _ . owners VO.' V should, tg. !could, n in the ease Lit Own 1142 b. w ens to tr li" , 1 urg ed tilt' tc, cannot k" his own fr ee. /. form DO II & r course. of the 8111° n m ight k !night be Po: e in the mt' 'es to ; L: 111 bi b r ought to enforce the performance of it: A third, and ch more rious obstacle to manumission, arises out of t l w legal limitations under which slaves are frequently held. Thus , f o r e oainple, a slave and his issue may have been o de the so'O.ct of entails, cr of family settlements, or may be held under two or more successive mortgages, &c.; s od his mautermission cannot be effected without the con currence of a series of reversioners, remainder-men, mon gooses, or en vogagors, some of whom may be infants, and others, who may not even be in existence during the life of the stove. A ilidieulty analogous to this arises from the case of doubt Oil or disputable titles, and from the circum stance of a slave being regarded as assets for the payment of the debts o' a dicta.`: l owner ; since in either of these e e l, it is inotossihle for the individual prepared to eman cipate such s'ave, to know in whom the legal right to the s lave is vested. The p oteleney of a suit or action, involv ing the question of the title of the two litigant parties to a slave, imposes on the latter the necessity of waiting the determination of the controversy, before he can safely pay to either the prier of his freedom. To remove all the pr colitis; obstacles to manumission. l i you will thervOmre propose to the lootgislature of •---- to 1 , 0,51 a law to the following effect :—Permanent I C o mmissioners should be appointed, who (on applicati o n is ing made by. or on the behalf of any slave, with his master's consent) should ascertain the names and places of , abode of every loosen having ally interest, or probable in terest in him, either as tenant fur years or for life, as re versioner, remainder-man. mortgagee, mortgagor, trustee, executor, receiver, or creditor of any deceased owners, or their agenm, all these persons should he anemone el, by personal notice if possible ; and if not, then by public ad vertisement, to att. nil at the time and place of time ap- Praisement of the alive. The appraisement should take place at the time and place to be thus appointed, in the presence of at least cne t'oinenissiener, and by at least one sworn Appraiser; and the Cononisaioners should have au thority, on application made within one month, by any of the parties ins rested, to direct a new spin:flacon tit, in MC there should s seta reason to dispute the justice of the original volute:tom The second appraiscment should he Anal. The aopraiaid value should then be paid into the Colonial Tr, asnry. The Treasurer should invest the amount in good sseutity ; and every right which formerly existed in the slave, should thenceforward exist, not in him, but on the food to be thus purchased by the ap praised price of his freedom. The lost teeOc relating to manumission, to which I think It necessary at present to advert, is the loss of the deed of roanumissi . on. It will be expolicnt that provision should be made for the registration of all manumissions ; and that to s. curt punctuality in this respect, a simple form of Icanutbission should be prescribed by legislative autho rity, and that the appearance of the party before the Re gistrar, or cue of his d, pieties, should he an essential part of every act of manumission. I have 'lost to advert to the subject of the sale of slaves, in satisfaction of the debts of tleir owners. Among the whole rang? of projected improvements in the Colonial systenn, there is, perhaps, none which, on an attentive consideration, will be found to present more difficulties than this. As far as the rules of Colonial law, respecting the sale of slaves, arc to los collected from the documents in this office, they may. I conceive, be stated, without any ma terial inaccuracy. as followa : First— It appears to be a general maxim in our Colonial jurisprudence, that the whole property of the debtor, whe ther real or personal, and all his interest in real estates, whether legal or equitable, may be taken in execution, and I sold in satisfaction of any judgment against him. I fur -1 tha collect, that in the order of sale, the executive officer of the Court,. (the Sheriff or Provost Marshal) is bound to seize a n d sell such property in the following order: that is—lie ia first to take tie severed crops, then the moveable wde, then the debts due to the defendant, then his plantation utensils, then his slaves, and lastly his land; resorting to the two latter descriptions of property only, in res. , of a deficiency in the former. It also seems, that in every one of the Colonies, a judgment has the effect of a mortgne upon all the immoveable property, and upon all the interests in such property, which were vested in the debtor, when judgment was entered against him. Lastly—lt soma that an earlier judgment will, in the wider of payment, take precedence of a later mortgage. A judgment, having sea much greater effect in the COIO. Ties than in England, the number entered in the West Indies bears a most unusual proportion to the numb! r of the free inhabitants, and to the extent of their pecuniary transactions. Another result has been, that morteagies have usually taken judgments as a collateral security for the advances they have made. There is, therefore. a large laxly of persons toiling charges on the slaves throughout the Colonies, which they have acquired upon the faith of laws loosed by the Assemblies, and subsequently approved by the Croon. Now, if a law were introduced by which the sale of slaves under legal process, in satisfaction of time debts of the proprietor ' were prohibited absolutely and without qualification, the rights thus acquired Under acts of assembly would be subverted, and I tun not prepared to reoinmen( a measure trenching so largely on the tights of pirate property. Supposing that the prohibition were prospeetive only, and that it therefore should aff ct neer, ly done debts which might subsequintly be contracted, still the provost Marshal might put up the utensils, and the land itself to sale ; and it is obviously immaterial to the present question. whether the slaves ate sold without time land, or time land without the slaves. Suppesirg further, that both time land, the slaves, and the utensils, were with drawn from legal process, if the proprietor still retained the ?toyer of voluntary sale, the practical result would be this, that men would then relieve their necessities by sell their siesta, as they could find purchasers, instead of rowing motley on the credit of them as at present. It seems then, to foliose, that the absolute prohibition of the sale of saves in satisfmmetion of the dchts of the proprietor, would not have the effect of preventing time forced separa tion of the slave from his leoeue, tudess the right of volun tary sale were siva taken away. But a prohibition thus extensive is a more coosiderable innovation on the law than I ant prepared to recommend. It is cat:sfactory, however, to remark that although the theory of the law allows the sale of slaves to payoler debts of the owner, yet, in practice, such sales can only take place where the owner has the fee simple of the land and slaves fwh:ch, from the practice of strict entails, in the West 'rites, is, in m a ny o f th e Colonies, unusual), and has also not contracted any mortgage debt, which ( I am afraid) is, in most of them, 51:11 more move Th • 1 and the dates teeing nimm. I dilf ong almost woversally as one onsolidated property, settled, or mortgaged the rights of the reversiouer, or remaimterotian in the one ca w —' n • of the mortoagee in the other, necesoirily prey cot illou•eFi t he re foreditir from se ll ing the slaves apart fro m th e l an d. infer that th e great maierity o f s l aves who are d b i r ' o P°ft ugh d t to o sale for the pay:of:tit of their Illab!Cr'S debts, whether under tile out Enelialm writ o f " seadoooti eaponoe” in Jamaica,or under the g eneral ex a co r u e ti s o o r i e: l direc tot by the Court ft:lS of time smaller islands, with the land, and suffer to other alteration ' from the tran faction than that of a close: of masters.. The stav e s w ho are sol d at parately are, t'o'rear in all oi pr i ehalility (fur the returoslive no acme whs I this t prom') for the great e r part, thow re lost habitually worked upon the plantations, toed are in general the elotiootiserv ants e • • toriuy,mi by ,bt, .ow o f 1 it LAY ners, or are er clas ses o t free men in various menial C.C4 011, 1:4 . 5 a 05 . for the pr o fi t o f t h e i r masters . Sl aves t h us , ioli Leo are not, perhaps, materially injured by a ,tl. ' , 7 µ .n t , ioiry sale, sinc e th e i r emp l oyments are no t suc h as s stru n g local attachments. I...,,sitteiii ernes to derree the removal of cloves from to satisfy the debts of their owners may It is obviously fit that it should, if possible, be pre m'cer;.."!. and that p recaut i on s h ou ld b e taken against the - If . s.metit occurrence of such removals Imereafte.r. I L ore, with ref e r e n ce t o th e preceding remarks, to e . „ L tan the attention of' the Legislature of the i t to the following amendments of ,91'''n this subject. Without infeinging on the 1„ 4 „ ivy kids:meta creditors who may at present 1.4 i ! N neti . aivil judgm e nt s , provision might be trade al to,. t toing the keeping of such judgments alive os for which they may have been obtained. been really satisfied. A time should aiso icy oteel wh o re no existing jeoloome. tet should , of btirg riVorced. With re ferenee t ( which may be hereafter obtained, the cow -1 n i s sue on them nifght perhaps be. both 1 d, a sequestration rather than a sale ; that . • creditor might he p.. millet! to take possession of the estate, slaves, and ufenigla, and to bold them toge ther until his claims were satisfied by the proceeds; or the rents and profits of the land, slaves, and utensils, might he put up to sale as one entire lot, without 'removing the one from the other. lf, however, the substitution of a seques tration for a sale should not be practicable,. the only other plan which I can suggest is that of directing that the land, slaves, and plantation utensils, shall always be sold toge ther in one entire lot. It may be also expedient to provide that slaves shall not in future be considered as separate assets for the payment of debts of the deceased owner, bill that the land, and slaves, and plantation stock, shall always be sold together. With regard to all slaves, whether attached to estates or not, you will propose an enactment prohibiting their being sold apart from their husbands or wives, or apart from any child who may be under the age of fourteen. As, unhap pily, the disuse of marriage has prevented the growth of soy legal relationship between the slaves, the prohibition must extend to th. case of repOrd husban ds, wives, or children. I have also to suggest, that if the debtor should not be the proprietor, both of the husband and wife, or of the parents and children, an appraisement should be made of the va lue of such members of a family as are the property of the debtor, and they should be offered at something below such appraised value to the proprietor of the other members of the family. On the subject of the punishment of slaves, I have al ready in some degree anticipated the object of the presen: despatch, by directing that legislative measures should be proposed for preventing the punishment of flogging in every case where the offender is a woman ; I also pointed out the necessity of prohibiting the use of the whip in the field. I have now, in addition to those instructions, to di rect that you will cause some effectual law to be submitted to the legislature, for preventing any domestic punishment whatever, until the day following that on which the of fence may have been committed, and even then, except in the presence of one free person, besides the person under whose authority the punishment may be inflicted. If the punishment shOuld exceed three lashes, it should be provided that a regular entry should be made in a plantation book to be kept for that purpose : first, of the nature of the QM nee ; secondly, of the time when, and of the place where it was committed; thirdly, of the names of the free persons pre sent at the punishment; and fourthly, of the number of lashes received. The accuracy of the entries in this bock should be certified quarterly, by an oath to be taken by the owner, manager, or overseer, before a tnagistra:e. As the offence of punishing a slave in the absence of any free per son would not be susceptible of direct proof, if it should happen that the slaves themselves were not among that class whcse evidence it is proposed to admit, to insure as tar as possible the detection of any such counteraction of the law, it mould be enacted, that if the person of a slave should exhibit masks of recent flozging or mutilation, which lie or any other slave should state to be the traces of punishment not duly registered, such appearances should be considered sufficient to raise a presumption of the law having been broken, sod the manager or overseer should he condemned to suffer a given penalty to be enacted, unless be could repel that provamption by sufli cit nt evidence. The last subject to which i propose at present to advert is, the necessity of insuring to the slave the enjoyment of whatever proptrty lie may be able to acquire. For this purpose Savings Banks should be established under legis lative authority, upon the model of those in Ergland, but with this alteration, via. that the depositor should at the. time of first becoming a subscriber, state to whom, in the event of his own death, the fund is to devolve. An entry of this declaration being duly registered at the Bank, should be declared equivalent to a will in the absence of any other. In conclusion, I have mast earnestly to impress upon you the necessity of proceeding to tarry these improve ments into effect, not only with all possible despatch. but in the spirit of perfect and cordial co-operation with the efforts of his Majesty's Government. More particularlY, yen will be attentive to have the necessary laws frattu'l with such precaution and 1 oresight, as. it pessille, to provide an cff.ctual security for the faithful observance of them. To this end you will consult with the legal advisers of the Crown on the frame of the necessary bills, and you will from time to time communicate with toe upon the pro gress you make in this won►, or upon the ilifacultits which may obstruct its completion, and if (what I ant unwilling to imagine) yen should meet with any serious opposition, you will lore no time in transmitting to me the ueemary communication, in order that 1 may take the earliest oppor tunity of laying the matter before Parliament, and submit ting for their consideration such ineaLures as it may be fit to adopt in cons:•quence. I have the honour to be, Your obedient servant, SHIPPING I.I"PECI,IGENCE. CUSTO3I tUSE. J. 19. ENTERED I).W•NDS. Smolensko, Witt (Bremer. Lruker),frum Memel. live:, Aston (PAldcr, broker). from Bordeaux. diary, Wood (Pugh, broker), from Demerara. Aline, Grentzbcck tile:lllam, broker), frori Palau. Rotterdam, Laming (Hall, bmker), from Rotterdam. JANUARY 17. ENTERED INWARDS.—TheVeDUS, for Demerara; and Mar garet, fur Rotterdam. FROM LLOYD'S LIST. FALNOCTII, JAN. U.—Sailed the Duke of Kent packet, far PLYMOUTH, JAN.I7.-01F the pnn, the fleneral Harris, WeistCad ; and Ilerwiekshire, Shepherd, from London for PORTSMOUTH. JAN. 18.—Arrival the Lord IlunFrertOrd, Far quharson, from the I)owns for Madras. Os London, and Erin, for London. _ _ . 11e . A 1., JAN. 18.—No arrivals orsailings. An East Indiaman is in sight, coining from the River, supposed to IT the Macqueen. Itastsr, ATE, J cargo of the Cornelius, of Sunder land, has all washed out. and the vessel a total i:reck. . - Gases:sr:an, JAN. M.—Arrived, the Onyx, Latir.,hton„ from Honduras ; Mary, Wood, from Miner:int ; Mary, Howard, from Dublin. Sailed, the Ann, Whitmo7e, for Cane Coast Castle ; Tuscan, Stever, for South Seas ; Enitidut ' Hunt, for Bahia ; Fanny, Guild, for ; Duchess of Athol, Daniel, for China ; Thomas rout's, Chryst;e, for t ; 31alvina, Watt, for Seville; Mary, Tucker, for Oporto; Actif, Ilay.art, fur Havre; Brothers. Richards, for Cadiz ; Arundel, White, for Trinidad ; Cho, Cum mings, for St. Vincent ; John, Poppkwell. for Madeira, Neptune, Stiruiack. for Osc nil ; Sirenne, Fsillsnt, for Calais. 1.1 v ttroot., Jaw. 16.—Sailed the General Phipps, Owen; and Transit, Ferguson. for Bahia; Francis, Paulson, for Rio Janeiro; Laurel, Barber, for Pars ; Dryad, Fell, for Tobago Nestor, Lee, for New York ; Thetis, Tunbridge, for Genoa Waterloo, eritchell ; and Eliza arid Mary, Congdon, fur Gib raltar. PENZANCE, JAN. 16.-21 bottle was picked up on the 10th inst. close to St. 3lichaers Mount Pier, containing tollowing: " Perseverance, from Calcutta to Liverpool, in Ist. 48. N. 14.311. W. November 8 , 11;23. Wind S.S. E. Thomas 'tout." BEI FAST. JAN. 15.—The flizabeth, Newman, from Dublin to Delimit, struck on Plaildy Lug, at the entrance of Strangford Ray, I ilth inst., floated off' the mat tide, and put into Portatt ere. It is feared part of the cargo in damaged, the vesstl having made a good deal of water. DILBOA, JAN. B.—The Love. IVells, from Newfoundland, which was strand:ll this side of the liar, has 11 , .en got eft: DOTTY:SIit 11611, JAN. 5 —Tlie Carl Johan, Potrtellv, from hence for New Orleans, has put bick, with loss in rudder, and :cake, and must discharge to repair. DEC. 29.—The cargo of the hate. AVebb, from flat atmah, i. nearly all damaged, having met w it h very ttnipeatuous weather during the voyage. astt. an, 1/1:c. 2C—The Marie Anne, Anderson, of ar.d for Bergen fruit Ilamburgh, has been abandon.tl at sta, amid carried into Taunangee. i is Said that the present Naval t'ommander at Partstnnoth. Ad miral sir -J. liitt , hcd, will vacate hia conimaA the . 30 , h March, and he immediately nteceeded by Sir Geo. Martin, 6.1.11. why a ‘ made a!i Admiral of the lilac in 11121, _ Captain David l)nnn took the command of the Jupiter, fitting et Portsmouth fur the Hag of Rear-Adisatral Willoughby Lake, C. 11. on Friday. (done! Tomll, Military Secretory at the Island of Jersey, and the lion. Captain Trefusis. of the Redwing, arrived at Portsinotith on Thurday. from London, and embarked on board the Jasper, lll un sloop, Capt. A. D. Y. Arbuthnot, to proceed to Jersey the vim.: (lay. The Lively frigate, Capt. W. Elliott. (!.11. for the West India station (to relieve the Hyperion. ('opt. li. I'. Rich); the Tamar, 211, Capt. J. li. ltrenter ; and the Mt , nni, Capt. 11. Stewart, for the North Ann :icon station (to relieve the Niemen and Athol), will shortly sail from Portsmouth. It is expected that all the wtardships nt Pertamouth will pu on rruisss of exercise in the ensuing summer. '1 he Victory, 1041, will he commissioned in about a fortnight. as the tiny;-ship at the above named port, In the room of the Qiii.ett harlotte, which ship beii:g in a ttet,ctive state, will be paid off. The Surly, Isieutrnsat Richardson (from Dublin). sailed front Plymouth on Wednesday, fur the sliianies, Living • quantity of old Irish (vilv, r) roin, so board, fla the Alin.. The Shamrock and I surveying vrsselv. are ttt be puitt oft' and recommissioned. . 0 complete their surveys , 1.. the 1:1,!1 Arrived th Dwarf, Li:ut. Gould, with volunteer 'MIMI), fruit: Litt:rpwl. WESLEYAN MISSIONARY' MEETING. THE WEST INDIA COLONIES. Yesterday evening, at 7 o'clock, a highly numerous and respect able meeting of the Wesleyan Missionary Satiety, for the support of the missions to the K est India Colonies, Continental India, Ceylon, South Africa, West Africa, and New South Walks, took place at the Chapel, Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields, for the purpose of receiving the Annual Report of the proceedings of the Home Branch of the Society, and also for the consideration of other matters connected with the general welfare and existence of the Society. The Item. Adam Clarke, LL. D., F.A.S., in the chair. After the prayer, The CHAIRMAN opened the business of the Meeting by observ ing on the progress of Christianity, from its first establishment by our Saviour, to its subsequent advancement in Palestine and final progress into Europe, through .I'4 Minor, Greece, and Italy. In the great struggle in advancing the sublime doctrine of religion in past times, the exercise of 11l tseions had a more bettefiert REM than the application of the sword ; but although on the plains of a country as remarkable for the igrorance of its natives ad for the grandeur of us scenery, the Christian vitriol* had planted their banner, yet the experience of other ages chewed that the wars bed only an effect while the misery arising from them was felt, and by d:grecs the sublime truths were forgot; and now was the time, when people had become more enlightened, that the rude, uncultivated savage would, by the use of missions, hays the word of Almighty God revcaliti to him, and be arowiod frail the barbarism in which he had slept with his fo7ffathers for ages. The establishment of missions throughout the world was a task of labour almost incalculable; but it would be seen that obstacles, almost insurmountable ' had been surmounted, and in the remotest extremes of the earth, the Wesleyan mission could be found (cheers). He would assure them that only a little exertion indivi dually, would be conducive, in the aggregate, of establishing the Scriptures in every . part of the globe; and he foiand it necessary to rally them to exertion, to establish thisgrest object, and to achieve j the sublime words of the prophecy of the Saviour of Mankind— " The word of Hod shall be known to every kingdom of the earth."—(hear, hear.) The Chairman then proceeded to enforce the necessity of a co-operation, in order to promulgate the doctrines of Christianity throughout the universe; remarking, !n the me morable words of the great Commander—" England expects ever, man to do his duty,' . in this great cause (loud cheers). The ye , nerable Chairman, after observing on the facility which the ex. tension of commerce a ff orded to the Society, sat down amidst loud cheers. The Secretary then read the •annisal Report of the proceeding► of the Hume Branch of the Society, which presented very gratify. ing results from the unuessing seettiens ails, Missionaries, in propagating the Scriptures : and it appeared that in this branch of the Society 1.14 missions had been established, and 179 schools for the religious instruction of about I I,bUl scholars. The fund, of the Sueie•), had increased considerably, and a balance was left in hand, but the Report recommended very forcibly the necessity of a larger supply, in order the more extensively to carry on the great undertaking. The Report was received with much applause. JOsErit Bur TErtwOlt ru, Esq., in au eloquent speech, recom mended its adoption by the meeting; and in the course of his address observed on the late unfortunate differences in the Wert India Colonies, which, he raid, had existed only in the opposition of certain persons to the Missionaries, upon whom the most desperate outrages had been committed. This conspiracy in its ramifications was not very general, although extremely de ' Prot:tire to good order, and did not at all influence the opulent planters, who, in the security of their persons and property, felt Iniucli the advantage of the Missions. Those outrage, had been much telked of, but they only existed among certain parties, and were not encourai;ed by those in whom the property of the colo nies was vested. Missions were now rapidly extending through out the colonies, and much benefit would result front their general t L.tonsion ; the march of religious co•solation was not confined, but in limits extending throughout the world, and a Jlis►io::ary was on his way to the classic sores of Jerusalem (cheers). He concluded by proposing the first Resolution, recommending the adoption of the report. The Rev. 171. CLovon, late Missionary to Ceylon, seconded the Resolution in a very able speech, in which he related many affectingl instances of the converted natives, and of individuals in propagat ing the Scriptures. rhe Rev. Mr. Batons proposed the second Resolution, " That this meeting do recognise the solemn obligation of evangelising the whole world." The Rev. Hentleinan, in enforcing this reso lution, called energetically upon the juvenile part of the Meeting to do their duty, in advancing she Society, and not let their past success relax their future exertions; fur as yet much was to be done in disseminating the Scriptures. The Rev. 1. Steadman, late Missionary to the South of Africa, seconded this Roe:it:ion. . . TheellAllM AN, in putting this Resolution to the Meeting, recommended every person to consider well before he acquiesced in (he adoption of the Resolution, as he did not wish to bind per -1 sons to any thing which they did not consider well. He fervently hoped that Jerusalem—that land which was once the seat id Christianity—would be again rescued from the Infidels, and Fe -1 stored to the rank it once held in the universe; he was the more anxious on this point, as it was the land where the Apostles first reared the mighty efforts to promulgate religion, and the revela tions of Almighty God (cheers). II; then alluded forcibly to the great struggle 01 Greece for its liberty against the basest oppres sion that ever disgraced the annals of Christianity. The Greeks he hoped would soon shake off the trammels of the Infidel tyranny, and be speedily enabled to reccite the sublime consolations of the Christen Religion, through the agistanca Um Missions of this Society (loud Cheers). The Rev.Mr.ScoxT, in proposing the third Resolution, entreated a Ilwould assist in the great effort cf civilising the savage of the remotest extremes of the earth; and, in alluding to the general ex tension of 31 issions, said, supposing the turbulence of the West India colonies was subdued, and the natives converted to t.'h • •- arity, as well as Ccyliin, &c. there would still remain the entire coasts of Africa, Persia, Turkey, China, and other parts of the world, which as yet were to be converted. This Resolution was also adopted without a dissentient voice by the meeting; and after the usual rotes of thanks to the Chairman, Committee, &c., a liberal subscription was enteredinto, and the meeting dispersed. . _ A number of elegantly dressrd and beautiful ladies wero prevent It was expected ihat the subject of the late insurrection in the colo nies would be entered into more at large ; but we understand that ►ubjret could not then be discussed, but at a general meeting, which will be held in • ahurt time, the question will be fully entered into. TILE ARMY. The 27th (Enniskillen) regiment of foot, which was re lieved at Gibraltar on the 21th of November, by the 12th (East Suffolk) regiment of infantry, and which :ailed from that garrison on the 30th of November, for the West ludits, has been ordered to touch at Barbadocs, to report to Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Wardc, K.C.B. and Commander of the Forcts in the Wcst indica, and to await that officer's further orders. The command of the Ist battalion of the royal artillery, which became vacant by the death of General Sir Anthony Farrington, Bart. has not yet been tilkrt up. REstEnv rot( lioortNn Couott.—A correspondent states to us, that a plaster of gum galbanum applied to the chest will, in all cases, give relief, and in many com plete cure. " This 'amide remcdy," he observes, " has been used for many years by the mother of a large fatuity, without a single failure." We ourselves think it a good application to aasist in the cure; and we think, as a warn) and gently stimulating plaster, would be attended with ben:tit in most species of cough.—Medico! Adriscr, A ntral!, 17. CULIOVIIIVAGEII.—In the early part of last November, • a wager was made between a medical gentleman of this city and a Mr. D., that the former would not bathe every day till the tat of January, which he accepted. The bet was, that every day the medical gentleman bathed, Mr. D. was to give him is. and vice versa. Mr. D. finding that the other still continual to immerse himself in the "cold abiss," ran from his wager, and we understand that an action will shortly be brought to recover the amount that would have been due from him to the party who accepted it. The meilical gentleman still continu:s to bathe whe ther wet or dry, and :tays he finds no ill effect from so doing; on the contrary, that it is bracing to the nerves, and gives him a most excellent nil tile. S:•ven o'clock is the hour he in general leaves !tame, and returns about Winchester Paper. DUEAPFUL EXPLOSION AT POLOOOTII MINE. —On Thurs day evening (15th inst.) a most nielancholv accident happened r.t the above mine, occasioned by the bursting of the boiler of the en gine. The explosion was so terrific, that one man, named Phillip Rowe, was thrown over the engine house to the distance of 130 feet, and killed, and another, named :Martin, dreadfully hurt. since dead. l'ieces of the boiler of IWO weight were carried to the dis tance of six hundred feet, and tore down whole houses. Not u ves tige of the house which contained the boiler remains: and two ad joining houses were literally dashed in pieces by the explosion. In the midst of this distressing relation, one providential circumstance merits attention. Captain Reed having occasion for men to assist at the capstan, in order to secure them, went into the boiler.bouse and took away the clothes belonging to those who were expected to come from under gatund. To this cirrioustance they owe their preservation ; for on corning up, several ran home in their under ground clothes; had they staid to change, they must inevitably have shared the fate of their must unfortunate companions. No thing could exceed the consternation of the inhabitants in the neigh. bourhodd of the accident t some fancied the end of all things was come, others that an earthquake had happened, and the explosion tec.• heard at the distance of full two miles.—RoLmi zettf. A irelanrholy accident occurred at Brayton. near Selby. on the 13th inst. 31m runny Barber, skier to Pepper, of the above pare, was killed by a stack ahoy falling upon bcr whilst she was searching for eggs iird:rnenth it ; her neck was broken by the wrig;tt of the hey, and sbe was not rouna tor two bows after-- Le: dr Jlercu , y. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF CIIA.STATTSIospAr,JALIII. ootraLAY V. TIM DUNK or lOU Tha Loan(;;;;I: C Court this morning, inquired if the Solicitors engaged in the eau* of Uourlay v. the Duke of Somerset," were present. Neither of the Solicitor appearing in Court, his Lordship animadverted severely on their absence, and said, it would seem as if they thought they had no duty to perform to the Court. In the course of the day, the Solicitors and Mr. Gourley ap peared in Court The Loa° Crtatreet.coa said, that, on Saturday la*, he had ordered that he should be furnished with affidavits verifying the plans. Eiiher Solicitors were acquainted with his order, or they were not. If they knew of it, it was their duty to have complied with it ; if they did not know it was their duty not to have been ignorant of it. These observations he threw out, less with a view of inculpating any person in the present suit, than of impressing on the iiihids of Solicitots generally, that it was their province and business to furnish every information to the Court, which night enable it to come to a clear and correct judgment. 'rite Solicit°, of the Duke of Somerset was proceeding to state the anxiety which the Duke felt for an early decision In this cause, when _ _ nz Loan CN•NCELLott said, that he did not speak of the Duke of Somenitt-- this rase had been pei.ding for a considerable time; and he (the Lord Chancellor) was desirous of bringing it to • conelu.iim. The Solicitor said, be would endeavour to be ready on Saturday he‘t. Tice LORD CUAIICELLOR said, that he would give adginctit in thi. ewe on Saturday next, with the materials which tie at present possessed. Mr. Cowls, was present during the discussion : ha evinced great anxiety, w d inquired the day on which judgment was to be given, appearing not to have caught the expression of the Lord Chancellor appointing the day. Oa having received this information, be barred respectfully, and retired. IA THE iIATTLE or Tommy:s, ♦ '►T. The WOLICITOK-GENER•L applied to the Coon for the div *barge of the bankrupt who had been imprisoned by the Commis sioners for having given unsatisfactory answers at his examination. The ground of the present application was, that the warrant of commitment, on the authority of which the bankrupt had been imprisoned, did not contain the subject matter, all the questions and answer , . and the full detail of all the proceedinp from which that_ awsimitment resulted. Mr. :Box TAG V e followed nn the same side. Mr. Twins opposed the discharge of the bankrupt It was not necesdary that all the questions and answers should be set forth in such a proceeding as the present. It might in happen that a bank rupt would have certain transactions with A and with B. In an investigation into the business of A it was rot necessary that all the 'uankrupt's affairs with B should be mentioned and discussed, and rice versa. It was sufficient that the leading points should be in traluced, and that the material part of the transactions between the parties should be omitted. The Learned Counsel insisted that everything which it was material to state had been stated on the face of the proceedings, and it was unnecessary to go into superflu ous statements. The Loan Citaxcet.t.oa did not consider himself authorised to suppose that all the questions asked and oniittad were necessarily unconnected wi.h the ',mini of the commitment. The late deci sions it the Court of King's Bench induced him to be more cau tious in cases of this kind. Fonnerly it was deemed sufficient for the bankrupt togive any answer, whether it was in the affirma tive or negative ; and, provided it was direct, it was sufficient. Now, however, it was necessary that he should not only give a di rect answer, but that it should be full, correct. and conveying every information of his affairs which it was requisite to obtain. In the present case he saw no rtatement setting forth that any material in formation had been withheld. Either the questions were relevant or irrelevant. If they were relevant, they should be set forth ; and it was not for him to suppose that the Commissioners had asked questions irrelevant and foreign to the subject of inquiry before them ; he was the less disposed to entertain this opinion on a sub ject so important as one *Wetting the liberty of the subject ; be would therefore order the discharge of the bantrupt. DELAYSIN CHANCERY. . _ _ Mr. A oaa was desirous of CfrawiaglthestTentlein of the Court to an order which had been made in November last, directing that all the adjourned causes which stood in the registry book without the cause of adjournment appearing, should be struck out. The operation of this order would be very vexatious and unjust in many instances, if carried into effect literally. Fur instance, a cause ad journed for goat reason might be struck out, al:hough no reason would appear in the books which might be nevertheless the fault of the register. Ile begged that to exception to the order of the Chancellor might be made in the case of the Attorney-General v. Holland, which had been abated in consequence of the death of one of the parties, and which was revived by one of the living par ties. As no cause was stated for the adjournment, it must be struck out accuril;ng to the order. The LORD CIIANCELLOR said that the cider was made in con sequence of a complaint fur neglect coming from all branches of the Court. It appeared that ninety-three causes had been struck out, as no cause whatever had been assigned fur their continuance. It therefore became necessary that such causes as stood in the registry without the reason for adjournment being weed before a certain time, should be struck out of the registry. There could be no hardship in the case, as the order itself was sufficient notice to the parties who were concerned in it. Mr. AGAR said, that parties in the country would not be aware of the order. _ _ _ _ . The LORD CHANCELLOR sail that the publication of the order took Mace in November, and copies were placed publicly in the various public offices. It was hir the credit and chasacttr of the Court, that such an order should be made because, strange as it might appear, these very causes, and the time which they were allowed to remain in the registry book, were Larded in elsewhere, as proofs that this Court did nothins., and that it was a nuisance. Solicitors, and persons whose duty it was to act, created this de lay by their negligence. An application was afterwards made for an appeal, to be fired for a particular day. 31r. HART objected, that it would be an undue preference, and injustice to the suitors, who attended in consequence of their cases tieing appointed for particular days. lie therefore opposed the application. The Loin CHANCELLOR said, that 31r.'Hart's objection was perfectly justifiable, and that in future he should not listen to any application to name a day for any specific cause, unless Counsel at the Bar consulted, and without prejudice to cases which had been previously appointed for hearing. lA/RD PORTS3IOCTII. Mr. PEPTS begged to remind his Lordship that there were two petitions in the ease of this lunacy, which stood over from& former day. They were of considerable importance, and it was necessary that they should be expedited. As his Lordship would be en gaged in hearing petitions on Wednesday, he begged that the pe. tinons in the ease of this lunatic might stand at the head of the ' petitions for that day. Leave granted. T. CLAVOIITOIT, ESQ. 11. P. V. GARRISON. This case excited considerable public interest, and though it came on towards the close of the day, created a very lively atten tion and curiosity during its hearing. Mr. AGAR begged the attention of the Court to a motion in this case. It was necessary that he ',lipoid make it now, for it re fciiired to a trial which, it' not inhibited by this Court, would take place to-morrow, and therefore render any other application melees or unavailing. The object of his present motion was, that pro ceedings at law for the recovery of the amount of certain bills of exchange should be stayed, and that the money should be paid into Court until an alleged fraud in the circulation of the bills should be tried in the Courts below. An Ail had been made by the defendant's Counsel, before, to permit the money to be paid into Court until such action wax determined at law. Ile was now ready to accede to that proposal : and if the defendant's Counsel were still disposed to accede to it, it would supersede the necessity of his entering into a detail of the circumstances of the case. Mr. llonwe was not disposed to assent to such a proposal. His [seamed Friend was too wise to accept the O'er when it was formerly made, and he (Mr. II.) was too wise to accept it now. Mr. AG•B then proceeded to the detail of the circumstances on which the present motion was grounded. It appeared that the plaintiff, Mr. I Illuighton, employed a Mr. Leigh, in the year 1820, as the confidential agent of the Orrel and Pemberton C'oal Com pany, of which firm he ( Mr. ('laugliton) was a member. So great was the confidence placed in this person, that he was furnished with a set of printed bills of exchange, on which the name of the plaintiff was indorsed, in order that Mr. Leigh might fill them up, and discount as the exigencies of the firm might require. Mr. Leigh ceased to be the confidential agent of the plaintiff in Febru ary, Ith22. But, before his connexion with the (nrel and Pember ton foal Company terminated, he procured two of the blank form.. of the above description, which had been previously indorsed by the plaintiff. without the knowledge or privity of the plaintiff, and convened them into ncgociable hills of exchange. Each of the bills was drawn for seven hundred and fifty pounds. These bills were drawn by a person of the moue of 'I hooks Farquhar son, who described himself as Sferciary of the Pape of Good Hope Company. They were drawn On the 2 - ith of June, 1321, and were mode p tyable on the 30th of Dreenther, 11192. 1 ht the 3d of May, 11122, Leigh was committed to the kin,2's Bench prison, for debt, and became a bankrupt. Whilst in prison he retained these two bills, and there he formed an acquaintance with a person of the name of Govatt, who was also confined as an insolvent in the King's Bench prison. liovatt and Leigh fonned a partnership, and agreed to continence businesss as leather-tellers. f hese bills were to constitute the principal part of the property by s hich the part nership was to be sustained. The Learned Comm' here entered into a statement of the form of the bills, and of the mode in which Mr. llittighttm usually !money upon such hills. Moreland and Co. were the bankers who diseourted them. It was teenaged be- tween (iovatt and Leigh that these two bills the 7301. each wee! transferred to the p resent defendant, Mr. Harrison. Mr. Harrison was introduced to Leigh in the King's Bench prison. Leigh was then a bankrupt; and 51r. Harrison, it was contended, should not have re ceived the bills, as he knew that Leigh could by law have no property. These bilk therefore belonged to his assignees and not to hint. It did not appear that Harrison had even given any equitable consult.. ration for these bills, which gave rise to a strung suspicion that they were transferred to him for the !unpile of aiding the designs of Leigh and Govan, and in defrauding Mr. l'laughton of the amount. This suspicion was strongly confirmed by the circum stance of two other bills having been sent to Mr. Harrison by lio vett and Leigh without his proving them, in order that he might have the appointment of an assignee in the case of his bankruptcy. l'here were a variety of other cireuntstanceainto the detail of which the Learned Counsel entered, corroborative of an alleged collusive siningentent between Harrison and Leigh and Govan. The great }hardship of which the plaintiff complained in this cause was, tha if the defendant recovered at action at law the amount el the bills' It Wadi beef no Mail for hint afteeweede to dm femetHh the eimuistice of the MA as the dellrodaed was he would be spent, and he. would have no redrew, although he I fully substantiate the Meek that had been premised ape im. Mr. Hon itt„ on the pail if the defendant, opposed the motion. Ile had bawd that Ha client was insolvent. and L . it 110 wonder that such a calamity should befit him if be hd t. deal with persons who resisted the payment of bilis, m which they had affixed their signatures. The bills came to hen is the course of huskies., and no imputation of fraud bad hem r T4 to have been practised by him in the obtainment of them. It maw necemary that a plaintiff should come into Court wide cies. handy but to what point of view did Mr. I laughton stand in the psis ref instance. On the first application that was made to hint hie die payment of those bills, he wrote the following letter, in which he affected a total ignorance of the existence of such a body as dio, Cape of (lood Hope C,oitpany, although their name, and that of the Secretary, were nientionbl on the face of the bill, ow which Mice also to be found his own stintiiare. "January 4, 1103. " Sta.—l have this morning received the letter announciag obi return of two bills of 714 L each, drawn by the Orrel and Pember ton Cosl Company, paid to you by M. John Leigh. He had se authority whatever to mete such bills, his army for me Ambit ceased before he did so, and a commission of baokntptcy tieing in prosecution against him ; nor lur.e I, in point of fact, nee any idiot person, unless et be Job° Leigh Wang, received a sixpence The Cape of flood Hope Company never existed at all but its Johtr Leigh's brain, siho issued preipectuses without authority Or PIK. Lion. Be this as it may, however, nhatever consideration you hem paid, I presume you will have a right to recover. If you will per mit me to call upon any friend of yin*. in London, Metre I am going next week, and will authorise him to set for you, /Aid ern deavonr to pat the matter into a train of amicable arid semi/ se =gement. A line in answer will oblige " Yours, &e. _______._ T. CL,AUORTON." Mr. Leigh, of whom he thus spoke, was a I;ighl;ria;;;itthitt merchant, and had been employed by Mr. ilaufrtoll in. raisin` money for him for furthering his mercantile transactions. Mr. Iforatt, it was true, was imprisoned for debt, but he was not a bankrupt. His imprisonment was occasioned by his resistance to the payment of a debt which he bad previously arranged. He de nied the existence of any fraud, sod particularly vindicated Mr. Harriett' from such an imputation. Mr. LMreTT followed on the same aide. He procreate" to' detail further ciratmstanees of the Casa, when The LORD CHANCELLOR interrupted him, and said he 1;601 hear the ease argued to • conclusion to-money. It was evident that there was no pretence fee delaying the trial on any groind that Md been oidated. He would beer the awe: however, further dis cussed, in order that he might lino* what course to take in teethe* of a verdict beim found for the defendant, and application oak to him to stay the execution of it. VIOE-CHANCELLOR'S COURT, MOWDAi, JAL 1.. LEIGIi T. CLAYTON. In this case a bill of exchange for 3.3001. hail bees seeepeed•by the defendant, and lodged in the hands of Sir P. Pool sad Co. by a person named Cher, who had ',COOL advanced upon it. A gen. deman named Thornhill speed to discount the bill, if k wai en. trusted to hint, and he gave an en ent to return it to the bankers' in seven days, or make the 1,600/. When the bill came into his hands, an attorney of the name of Wallin` said be would have the bill discounted by a Mr. Sweennan, and be intro duced this gentlemen to Mr. Thornhill for this purpose. Sweet. man agreed to discount it, if the bill was genuine, and to ascertain this point, the parties proceeded to the bank of Coutta and. Co. The bill was submitted to tht inspection of Mr. Antrobus for his opinion. At this moment Sweetmais asked to see it, and when be got posseseion of it he refused to return it It thenappeated to be a trick between Sweetman and Walker to get peraesmon of the bill. Thornhill brought an action of wirer so recover the bill. and "the opposite party . applied for and obtained an injunction to gay-theme proceedings o it was now moved to dissolve she Injunction had un der these circumstances. The VICE-CHANCELLOR thought that in either case, whether the party was ccinsidereu as the agent of Sir P. Pool, or If he was re be considered under the responsibility of the =gagman ba.gave to Sir P. Pool for the return of the bill, he was cadged te.bring his action. The bill was wrongfully detained from him, end. the Court was called on tel assist him in recovering it. He therefor* considered in any situation the action ought to be brought. H. would therefore chsseve the Injunction. LITERARY PIRACY. SAITILLD v. NICUOLSON •XD EEE L.. Mr. HEALD moved that Mr. Kelly, one of the defendants in this case, be committed to the Fleet, for a violation of the &lama of the Court, and for a breach of covenant protected by that de erce. Mr. Nicholson, it seems, was the author of a book called The eirel•itertoral Bailie,. • Mr. Barfield was at that time in part. nership with him, and he became the porchmer of the whole co , pyright, and bound down Nicholson by covenant not to publish any work which might interfere with the sale or circulation of the one he sold ; but a short time only had elapsed when he published Arehitertreal Dictiouney, resembling the other in every re , spect, , in copy, letter-press, &c. Here, therefore , a work. was pub. , limed, interfering with and detrimental to the book first publisd, to the manifest violation of the covenant. The defendant, Kelly, wishing to escape from the awkward situation in which the motion for committal had placed him, now says that he was no partner to the revenant, that the injunction was improperly granted against him, and that he might violate it when he pleased. The offence of the violation of the order of the Court was much aggravated by the trick of the parties. The course of these parties was plain a the order of the to junction was oot conclusive; the nee might be re-heard, but Kelly thought proper out of Court to p . elibear the duties of the (hurt; and declaring the injunctioo to be improperly granted as to hint, he endeavoured to get rid of it by mere trick. lie styes by affidavit that he jgave notice of motion for the dissolu tion of the Injunction before the notice of motion for committal was served upon him. But how did this appear? He served it oo the solicitor of the plaintiff instead of the proper officer of the Court; he made his motion on the 111th of December, and he served the notice on the 20th, the day on which it ought to be tried. His ob. ject in this was to have the advantage of the sale of this work dur. ing the holidays, by which 13 or 20.0110 were sold. They had also advertised the work in the newspapers and Avangelical sad Impe rial Magazines. Vie i:Citestcr t.t.on—What part of the injunction is broken by the publication referred to ? Mr. HEALD said that part of it retaking the publication of any work interfering with the sale or circulation of the book pur chased by his client. This fact was sworn to. The evidence of many booksellers would prove that the sale was grievously injured by the publication. There was, he was aware, a great minprti. tion in the market, and Mr. Kelly would be no doubt glad to get the most valuable articles as cheaply as possible. In the mean time, the public stood by to sec if this piracy should be let Imre on the world. His client had expended 1 1,0001. or 12,60111. on the caries, and was particularly entitled to the protection of the Court. tie thought the conduct of Mr. Kt Ily such as he could not justify, and in his opinion the violation of the injuncti o n was aggravated by the sham notice which he had /liven the Vice-Chancellor. Mr. Kelly does not speak of withdrawing from Nicholson. nor does he use ator expression respecting any 'mum they might have. When the injunction was originally granted, it might hare been qtmliticd to meet the case of Mr. Kelly, and if violated it might tall upon Nicholson; but when the order was applied for, Kelly appeared as Nicholson, and there was no distinction taken between them. T he Colonic!, he presumed, had rot been instructed upon that point. If the distinction were made, the injunction might have b een qualified, but so as rot to allow him to commit an act of piracy, or to violate the orders of the Court. Mr. SoLICITOIL•GENERAL said, he would not trouble the Court witb many observations. The injunction was obteined before (Arianism the application for its dissolution could not be made in tune f why, he could not say, not was it material kle would complain of the words 6 ' trick and piracy," which were used by his learned friend Ile would not use the same expreseionsof the opposite party, but he would maintain some parts of his conduct were not alien front piracy. He had published variety, he and notices respecting the works in question. lie had even take the title page of Nicholson's book when it was in dispute. He hail also taken the frontispiece, which was a temple supported by splen did pillars of the lon c Order. lie had also published an advertise. relent, stating that the Architectural "lectionary was discontinued by order of the l'ourt of Chancery, and he called upon the public nut to be misled by any person whatever, as his work would be published each month with improvements, and he invited those who had purchased the numbers of the Architectural Dictionary to bring them to him, and he wou'd allow half-prise for them, re. riled his own publication was taken. The Vice.t'llANCLi.i.oa.—The question is. if Mr. Derfield did not draw the adverdsernants, and other publications of which he complains, upon himself by his hand-bills. The e.o L I IT Oa-ti EN Ea AL raid, Mr. Kelly was first Attlaell, and his conduct was merely delendrim. The ‘'ICE•CIIANCELLOR said that Mr. Nicholson was some time since the author of a certain work, and, as it was stated in the plesilinits, the plaintiff was in partnership wish hint. Shortly after, the plaintiff purchased the whole copyright, and thus he Le conte the side proprietor. But he wns not in the trans action sad.. tied with the protection which the law afforded to literary progeny ; and perhaps conceiving Nicholson to be a person likely to publish works of a similar ili.ssetipt.on, be bound him by otverawit nut to publish any such work, or abridgement, or any work whatever. that might prejudice the sale, or directly or Indirectly interfere with or impede the circulation of the work he hail sold. l'iton the publication of the iseconel work, a bill was filed, not alone for the purpose of restraining the allewsl piracy, but also for the breach of covenant. Upon this occa.sto.l lie had read passages of the two works. some of which bare a strong cesembla• ce um each other; the object of both was sio.t. *faunally the same. 'l'he title pages agreed, and nary parts wry fikrirtiai et verbatim the same. And when the inju»clion cuss sought Mr, both the defendants appeared by the sutm.e ( * .WNW! ; and there was no attempt smirk to show that Mr. Kilh wts rot an agent acting for, in a partner with. the outer tide ; for if be were not in either of these situations, an injtzt.c!on could issue against Lim fora breath o )the covenant. to the htoti. bill which was circulated by the defendant, stati•sg ilia• he an iht apply for a dissolution of the injunction, and that hr was Cd• A dvil of success, and telling the public that his work would be publ;shed in au improved state, it could cot be denied ilia: I , iim was intei:ded to i2terbre with and prejudice the sale of Lie work just publish, But whilst it was aJ t., cud that thus ws tlicetizmliti he cstofritteilcle .4y.thte ehpl Court. aintit lieeotal h d u ; u ,d t •rim-miraw Gin own c•+n det 1111111ffe ,, Sed by the and d o ne clues, rs who wished to eseltange thins tuu,tlxrs id a work Y. Web j would never be continued, would be allowed lode prim if they sunk !his, the plaintiff'. publication. It was., in his opeiiirt, to i.e COMO. ' demi that Kelly had published his advertise...lns with tue intro nun ot giving time woad a .air.cc; and Vi4Vdeclarstaiin, and that ho t 1 4 ;1 I 1 I i i' : • 1 i . 1 1 ll 1 1 ' 1 r ' I •1. . . 1 . = 1 ~ , i , ' 4 ? , 7 1 l i I .#' 'I ' 1 7 i • li' o • t• .1 4 , N / 4 4' 4 1 . I ' ' 0 : ! i l i i i I , il •4 ' 4 :# 1 ,•p r 1 •11 /' • . 1 1 .11 i i . I 1 . . 1 . 1 . / /fi l • , * :1 iVI ~ . 1 I'l • i ii I i ' 1• , ' . I i • 1 1 1 I I I • , 1, I i, • 1 i I . 11 11 1 1 . ' 1 .. ~ i ll ' i .. 0 t , s*' • .. . i 1 P; 1 • ,t '. .' I e O. 1 11 t ; llk i f r ; 1 • • 11 1 ; 1 ; i 1 . 4 IP 1 4 , 1 Ti ; i . 0 1 . i ' ... i I , 1 . 1 1 1 .. , , 5 •