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LI TE RA TURF. REFLECTION: 4 I'voN TIIE LATE REVOLUTIONS IN Ellllol 3 /1. By the Martio;s de Salvo. This work contains a calm at , ! temperate review of the! actual condition of Europe, and the consequences which I have followed the late revolutionary movements in Italy and the Peninsula. The Noble Writer also communicates! a good deal of useful political information, which he has in great part, we Irelieve, gathered front his own observation. Ile is the creature of no party, but equally the friend of social order and public liberty. .defter al l i 11l adve rfng on the weakness and inefficiency of the Government of the Spa nish Cortes, lie makes the following remarks with respect to their feeble struggle with the French : The affairs of Spain terminated in a manner that was to he ex pected. Tne extent of resistance had been inilculateil from the first moment. In every direction was found a party which, so far from swelling the constiti ll ill nal foyers, was effectual in paralysing, and perhaps destroying them. 'fhere was en longer to be seen that na tional enthusiasm which bore a stamp of feria iousness during the war of 10011, when independence front, a foreign power was the ob ject of the content; and the cause of the Cortes now reined foe its defence upon a mere party, and not upon the malts of the nation. After a lapse of nearly three years, the people had yet to discover the advantage to them of a representative assembly formed into one body, and of the undue power of its members. 'I hey had attended with cagertiesa to the speechea end the arguments of many leaders who were very far front sharing the obstinacy evinced by the repre sentative in the ('.,rtes ; and the evident Indifference and apathy of the nation aliiirited to the French armies a sore pledge of success. The Cortes, by their conduct. hail sunk in public opinion; their obstinacy, and their ?clonal to come to terms. In from creat ing imitation against the aggressors, had displeased their warmest adherents. The people, unable to comprehend the ad vantage of a cause winch they were called upon to defend, remained quiet 'p stators of patsing events ; and the most distinguished mili tary eharactera, unwilling to lend their aid to ideas of an exaggerat ed nature, anticipated the public feeling, and prevented the conse quences of an unavailing rests:once, which would have had no other effect than to swell the number of the victims, and reduce the nation to a state of complete anarchy and disorder. The autlior rt tlections on the state of Portugal are rendered interititig by the recent agitations of that coun try, and the applica:ion to the British Government for military aid, to uphold the King's authority. The fac tious rage for innovation which chatacterised the proceed ings of the Portuguese Cortes is well described ; and justice is done to the admirable forbearance by which the policy of the British Government has been distinguished in relation to that country. The l'ortugucse, in the absence of their court, hail followed the generous impulse" deco by the Spanish nation in repelling a foreign power; not only load they taken a share in the campaigns of 180th and 1810, they hail even gathered some of the first laurels. After five years of military achievements and of patriotism, the Poetuguye nation had secured for their King the possession of his dominions, which hid become as it were an appendage to the Brasile. A political improvement was perhaps meditated by the people, and by those who had done so much for the national inde penitence; hut they always looked forward to the monarch's re. tun : fur it ought Lot to be disguised, that the l'ortuguese were discontented at h :ding that the court should continue to fix its residence in a completed country, and. notwithstanding the resto ration of order in 11111, should prefer Rio Janeiro to the banks of the Tagus. The de:ire for a change was not lessened by thin kind of jealousy :—but instead of endeavouring to consult the interests of the country, or the wiahes of everyday, and concerting with the ruling authorities the best means of submitting to the supreme power a respectful demand for reform, the course of sin insurrec tion was adopted in preference, and, in imitation of Spain, the armed force was resorted to. The lashon Regency was taken by surprise—it stttanpted to resist ; main- a protest, but was compelled to give way ; and the name of Pinto, which is ever connected with great events in that kingdom, war Wen conspicuous in the early part of the struggle ; though its b fluence was not of sufficient avail to elect a change iii the rev direction which affairs had assumed in its country. By borrowing the constitution of the Cortes, the existing powers, the habits Om much an "laic t importance with religious people), the influence of the nobility and clergy, every thing wan about to disappear at a moment when the different bodies of the state were kept to alarm, and were dismissed, if we may so express ourselves, by • single class, that of persons holding no property, and by au. thoritics suddenly created. Never did a more favourable opportunity present itself fur ob taining salutary changes than the existing one. The court, which was absent and far removed, would hare been willing to grant reasonable concesnions, as the reward due to a nation for having supported the crown by every kind of sacrifice. The necessity of flattering a generous people, when it la intended to govern them from a great distance, rendered it almost imperative upon the King of Portugal to espouse the interests of his subjects with sincerity, if they were founded upon a solid, a rational, and a prudent basis. Portugal neither knew how to profit by the absence of the court, by the advantage which its sacrifices might have afforded to it, nor by the claims which it hail upon the generosity of its Sovereign. By adopting an absurd constitution it hail to encounter the same obstacles, and would derive the same results as were expericnc.al by those from ahem it had been borrowed. The discontent of the nobility wm only exceeded by that 44 the religious corporations ; those two powerful bellies pledged themselves to conquer in the struggle. and 'meccas crowned their efforts. The King received in the Brazils the news of the revolution of Portugal, and foresaw the consequer.ces of it, and the effete which it would produce over his Antillean dominions ; he, perhaps, re gretted his absence as one of the causes to which the change was to be ascribed, a change that would infallibly occasion the heaviest calamities, although it had been effected without dia. oiler. The Portuguese possessed evert menus of averting the evils which were-likely to molt fee-) the vices of the constitution ; it was in their power, in some measure, to make the limeade &mow. Ile for any devution in their fealty, as no obstacles were offerer! to their political Labours. The English Government exemplified on thus oce.asion how much they respected the principle of indepen dence asserted by other nations, and conducted itself with a re markable degree of moderation ; but moderation was a virtue to 'bleb the government of the Portuguese (tortes were insensible. They began to quarrel upon words, as is the case in all tumultuous mer.ithes ; they waged open war against religious corporations, and attacked the absolute veto of the King, reserving • conditional vents the executive power ; they thus presented the shadow of an authority without any reality. The King discovered, upon his return, that he could not 'vent, st the nionnent, a system winch had sprung out of the exaggerated Ideas of a people who hail erred, hr attempting to adopt the errors d its neighbours : he yielded to the force of necessity. The Por. taguese fancying o,n:wives secured, by their geographical poen. tioa,frnm the reach of all foreign ir.Nuence, disregarded the opposi tuna which were naturally fonning in the interior. Thus the edi fice was no sooner erected, titan it threatened to give way for want of a more solid foundation. Instead of obstinately proscribing the Queen in the most diere speetful anus inc miiilerate manner, instead of irritating the feelings of those whose at tachtitent might to have been secured, the Cortes eiliattugal should have derived a lesson front the discontent which &enema of Spain had given to foreign cabinets, and have presented &salutary reform that would have had the effect of baffling all the tram of the approaching opposition. The Portuguese Govern. meet could not object, as • reason, that • foreign power was threatening to elictatelaws to them ; and they would have had the double adtantage of acting with Independence, and of setting an eaten; le of nioferation and of wisdom ; the opportunity was fa reurahle for repairing the evils produced by political disunion, and they were already threatened with a storm which, however con cealed, was ready to burst upon them at • moment. But such writhe blindness of men, who, because they were the partial re. posenutures of the people, fancied themselves stronger than the united stetiment of Europe, despise,! all advice, and disdaining Istr messier that moduation pointed out, compromised their own patty %stria of tuning it. What wits the result of this helpless security of th e Portuguese Cortes ? The same army which took lead in the insurrection of August, IMO, and had so hastily taken upon itself to represent the nation, row thought proper to act sdlirtitelt instead of protecting the institutions which It had re:Lnetetf. it c uric forw.ird to overturn them ; and those who had km coot died to obey the will of the army, had gained authority I' t h at torn, and commanded it with a view to exact their revenge. he of the revolution of Portugal, like that of Naples, and of Spain, gives rise to the same reflections upon tine of a constitution without • balance of power, Aptcm, at defective as it is unlawful and absurd, of destroy institutions without knowing how to raise a upon their ruins. Revolutions ars the medium the ambition of a few individuals works upon the ....num of the people, in order to obtain a power thsolute titan any winch preceded it. its then proceeds to discuss the present state after chewing that the accusations brought 4 patties against each other are either nbso- Alai or greatly exaggerated, he goes on to assertion, that the final object of the French in undertaking the Spanish war, was to free institutions of France. lie begins by dis- Ictween the origin of the Spanish constitution eh charter. C0114414i00 was announces' by an Insurrection of obliged the King to accept it. The French charter the Ring, • ••l the nation was invited to the enjoy therefore, fee the very reason that the recognition of , efused, the sectrui, which guarantees the principles and the privikges of the crown, will always be te nanted. llas any one an interest to abolish the 4 the King. the 31inistry, or any party such a wish? be the King's interest in preferring an absolute audio. national representation renders him more powerful', Inn " "'limed, giving him greater weight, greater re. I without responsibility attaching to him ? I ask, it Hi d" her Kuir, before t:te revolution, or during the hem, paid to the State and to the Crown so coned nue as at the present? Acid it any Minister, in the thwilute monarchy, would ever have dared to demand lies of t.ie nation as under the representative govern ':iifyed in France? Lastly. I ask, ii the King of enabled to exercise all the rights of the !'town responsibility for the acts of Gov vcrinnent, is not i s 7mr ataatmphe on in 61. Piedmont, an l utiou the vicious nail's al upon the sya 'tgeggirelaw to dc, AV? ti l uPofolfurtnre u Nle* which he lato "d'HoV of the s r o t o acme ahaol The Afarqui or France, and „o o a b! the political romo l• lately mi f oun , w•• dis Prove th •w, •o a s government, i the fret o n • vrintio a ti n rr g b et Rupn and the Frencl T:l4. • HWY iloorp, w h o 1 ‘f4lll e 11 , ';' l tac rift of d In• • n ; ' h e u ld, • • 47g WM rift k i ti l imaew, al t, T . ' r e 1 1oz4r wh e ,;.„ uh la b t e • v .- s'ts if sh e nazi fyllow . and su m , s f* and will e Moe ands • Na d o 'to?? a ar ena, ' of th e abanl m ob' , 7, 41, 11 t 4outatidis pfOCC' ;, 1 ! n on:lo "Petak'n4et, a state preferable to every other mode of etioying power, which, in exchange for the single advantage, that the King should not be cramped by . a national representation, makes him take upon him. self the entire harshen of the fate of his people ? flow is it pos sible toe a King not to become more powerful with the voice of the deputies of his people, and the Peers or his kingdom, than with lan absolute will ? For if any burthen oppresses his subjects, they 'nn complain only of their representatives or of the Ministers. So that the King of France can have no interest in preferring a kind or powcr which cannot be so extensive or so solid as that which he now enjoy!. Any undertaking may be entered upon which has the consent of a legislative body ; and it is quite astonishing to behold the enormous sacrifices a state is capable of bearing, •w hen the sanction of a constituted body renders legal the demand of such sacrifices. But when this public voice in wanting, the Minister of a legislating monarch remains Continually watchful and fearfully anxious re sperting the result of many measures he may think proper to adopt. A few measures taken to direct public instruction, the writings and the speeches ut some members belonging to the religious orders, have created an outcry respecting a pretended plan of caus ing the French nation to go back, and of enslaving it under a yoke of ignorance and of superstition ; but these fears are no better founded than the former ones; for, in the first place, it would be required for us to believe that the Government saw a great advan tage, not only in approving, but in Mitering the plan of those fra trinities. under a supposition that their plan could really embody a great influence, which is an absurdity: Governments understand better than the people do their true interests ; and it, on some oc casions, they have been mistaken, they have in the end corrected their own faults by the exertion of their pow. r ; Which could with difficulty be effected by the people themselves, who never know how to retrace a wrong course but after the event has proved in contradiction to their object. Vet, setting aside this consideration, let us inquire if m he possible for ignorance and superstition to take real hold of the public mind. If the great changes in society are motely to be attributed to the effects of the pros and commerce, how is it .0 be believed that any barrier or Colin e can be applied in opposition to the pdwe t ful influence of those two great springs, winch act upon every elan and all nations, from 1 era Crux to Archangel ? 11 . ere you to sup. press all the journal, close the ports, destroy the canals, bum every bock, shut up all the theatres, prevent the communica tions of commerce and correspondence by letter, impose silence on enlightened preachers, forbid travels and communication with nil vellets, then might you begin to have reasonable fears as to the in fluence of superstition and ignorance. At the very time that the au:ltority of the fraternitin, which have been so virulently assailed, was almost nnqueitioned ; at a time when the first &mates made a part of these congregations, which. should hot at any rate be de prived of the merit of the great diseoverieti in the sciences, the great works in literature, and the great services rendered to the chief Universities ; at tire time, I say again, when every thing coun tenanced their power, what was the result of their extraordinary influence? They assisted the impetus given to the huaian mind rather than they subdued it. It may be declared, the• the eighteenth century has been their work ; fur all the great men whom farts pus' crowned, whether in literature oe polities, were taught in their schools and it must not be forgotten, that their fall did not take n, late b•fore they had spread their doctrine throughout all the col. legei of youth, and had tutored by its rule each man's conscience; nor until those corporations had become possessed of the largest properties in Europe. FRENCH MANNERS-" MV NEIGHBOURHOOD." BE M. DE JOEY. The following is from the number of the European Re view published this morning. The paper is addressed by M. de Jouy to his " Descendants." " Paris, to which you have given again its ancient name of Lutwtia, has extended itself towards the west, and the Wood of Boulogne is enclosed within its walls. This ' i street planted with trees, which runs from the Louvre to the Bridge of Neuilly, has preserved the name of those Champ Elyma, where, in my youth, the students of our colleges used to assemble to play at bars, and toss the ball. You wish me to conduct you to the very spot where I for merly dwelt ; to point out to you, at least, the site of that hermitage, where the latter half of my life was spent, in the midst of the polititical troubles with which France, in my time, was agitated : but before conducting you to the thous& (Fitton), which you now call the New Athens, let us examine, first this ancient Paris, which exhibits, at present, nothing else but rubbish : let us follow the course of the river, commencing from this magnificent Garden of Plants, which yin have so astonishingly augmented. " In that place formerly existed the Latin Country: such was the name that your ancestors gave to the neigh bourhood in which almost all the establishments fur public instruction were to be found, and in which scarcely any thing else was taught but the Latin tongue. You have not only done away with the schools, but you have changed likewise the object of the studies, and the method of in. struction : this reform, which is one of the most fortunate you have made, shall be the particular object of one of my future letters. " Upon that vast extent of ground where you have esta blished your Lyceums and your Gymnasia, there existed, in toy time, a colotly descended front the Germans. I per ceive bLre and there some of th e ir dwellings ; but froin the silence which posterity observes respecting this small, but haughty and slothful people, I see that the splendour it threw forth has not been much more lasting than the shining traces of that insect which is at present crawling over the ruins of its palaces. "We are crossing the Seine at the spot where, in my time, the Pont Neuf was situate. The only monument which still eldblS at the point of the Isle of the Palace, which you have baptiz..el by the name of the Isle of the Good King, is the statue of hienry IV. I observe, with surprise, that it is become, in the course of time, much handsomer and snore picturesque than when it came out of the hands of the artist: the inclemency of the seasons ;hiring six centuries has most happily and skilfully worn away the bronze, the thick lineaments of the clumsy Nor man horse arc become airy and light; the rider sits less heavily upon his steel : for the first time, perhaps, since the creation of the world, time has bethought itself of em bellishing. "is it an enchantment? What—the Palace of the Louvre more fresh and brilliant than when it was first con structed! It is there that you place, as it were in a kind of terrestrial Elysium, nien eminently useful to their coun try, who have neglected their own fortunes; the learned, and artists, whose genius has opened out new paths ; and poets, whose independent voice has sung of liberty, glory, and virtue. " By a fortunate alliance of genius and its productions, you have placed within the same precincts your Institute, au everlasting focus of knowledge, and that national library, the most complete collection of human wisdom that has ever been funned. " But, pray, what is the meaning of that dismal drapery hanging above one of windows of that pavilion? You shudder on pronouncing the name of the third son of Mtdicis. You were in the right, my children, to preserve that dreadful remembrance. But let us draw near; I wish to examine closer that bas-relief wrought in Carrara mar ble, which ornaments the lower part of the fatal balcony : —Charts IX. perishing by the same death as Sylla, as Philip 11. The spectres of slaughtered Protestants rise up on all rides about him. Wretched King !—He raises himself half up on his bloody couch ! In vain door he turn away his head with terror, and his hair stand on end ; in vain dots he endeavour with his fleshless arm to re move those spectres armed with daggers. All of them strike him at once ; his blood gushes out on all sides; he falls again—he struggles for a moment, and expires in the convulsions of despair !—What a sublime thought ! What admirable execution ! May you be happy, any dear chil dren ! you, who have learned in your perfected civiliza tion, to intermingle the great lessons of philosophy with the masterpieces of the arts. " Do you observe at the end of that closed passage a common sewer heaped over with ruins? Your antiqua rians are puzzling themselves with researches, in order to guess what may have been formerly the destination of the monuments, the ruins of which are now lying before our eyes: I can inform you of it—in my time there existed here a kind of subaltern inquisition, a true sink of base ness, of corruption, and of cowardice. This establishment was founded upon the frightful principle of bestowing upon vice the superintendence of vice, erecting an office for the hiring of informers, and keeping up an army of t agents, of whom the name alone was a cruel outrage. " After having followed, within the space of a short league, the winding course of the Seine d we arc now arrived before that imperishable column formed out of the brass of battles, and which, after the lapse of six centuries, still recalls to your mind the military glory of your ancestors. This ancient testimony of so many prodigies well deserved to occupy the centre of this inapriticent square of your fore fathers, each edifice of which is a kind of temple rai , ed to the memory of men who have conferred the greatest lustre upon their country, at all perioßs of our history. " You have kept up, by embellishing them, those Boule vards, which form, as in my time, a verdant circle round this immense capital. They arc undoubtedly still fru queatod by industry on foot, and by insolence in its car riage: there are certain traits of character inherent in the nature of man in society, which never undergo any change. " I now feel myself upon my own ground, and can therefore venture to act as vour guide: let us ascend to the left; this long avenue will lead us to Montmartre, and thence we may contemplate the double view, so new to me, of old and new Paris. " On one side, the bustle and noise o f a l arge c i ty ; on the other, the dead silence of ruins! What a contrast! But there is another still more worthy of the attention of the spectator : On that spot there formerly existed a people absolutely fickle in affairs of importance, and obstinate in trifles ; a vain nation, but without national pride; anx ious for change, without loving liberty ; endowed with - the finest gifts of nature, but incapable of baking use of them. At each step was to be seen the beggaf In rags, supplicat ing 11.7 alms at the door of the hard-hearted rich man : the weak oppressed by the powerful ; genius struggling with want ; and talent constrained to submit to degradation by ' accepting the wages of opulence. " Ilere there exists a new nation ; every subject bears the impression of grandeur, strength, and security. I no longer hear the watch-word of the sentinels, the supplies lion of misery, nor the a c c e nts of menace.—May it not be I an illusion ? I sec a nation free and tranquil, victorious 1 and prudent, laborious and rich, cultivating the sciences through taste, and the arts from affection ! the nobles sim ple and modest ; a nation mild and proud ; gai et y w i t h out riot, justice without law-suits, and laws without scaffolds!' Happy Parisians of the city of the west, *by has destiny, which disposes of the fate of mankind, interposed six cen turies between your birth and mine ? " You are in a hurry to descend this hill; and you make me recollect that we took our walk with the intention of discovering the spot where I dwelt. I see by the inscrip tion on this military column that you now call the North-! ern Hill, that spot which your ancestors used emphatically to call Montmartre, without knowing, after having dis- 1 puttsl about it for fifteen centuries, whether this name, not very euphonic, derived its origin front the Hod Mars, She Martyrs, or the Virgin Mary. " I am delighted, my dear children, at par having preserved to this beautiful avenue of tr ees , i n t erm i ng l e d with some habitations of the most agreeable uniformity, the chinning name of Larochefoucault. The memory of the benefactors of mankind is adored by you: you deserve that they should have innumerable imitators among you. " You have realised to its utmost extent the project that was formed some hundred years ago, of establishing on this spot a new Athens ; and it brings to my mind the most! agreeable recollections. The greatest dramatic actor of former centuries built these elegant porticoes: near him, the rival of the Clairol], the Dumenil breathed forth her tragic griefs—this small house was constructed after the model of that inhabited by a painter, who united in him self the brilliant renown of his father and grandfather. I think lan perceive under this very peristyle, respected by time itself, a female whom nature seems to have created to represent upon the stage of Moliere the image and idea of perfection. Preserve these honourable recollections; meh, Whose talents have elevated the soul, and exalted the mind, by inspiring their fellow-creatures with warm and noble emotions, well deserve the homage of posterity. " Arrived at the foot of the hill, we leave on the right Ia magnificent palace : another time you shall give me an account of its new owner; in the Ttean while, may God, in his merciful coinpession grant peace to the soul of that detestable minister whom t hesel places recall to my mind ! 1 You have destroyed that edifice of bad taste which he had constructed, upon this spot out of the money which his venal eloquence extracted from the public treasury : fear not to trample beneath your feet the last vestiges of a pea -1 tiecrons sod merciless being, who oppressed the people, overturned the laws, founded his policy upon corruption, and obtained his power by every degree of infamy. " Let us stop a moment in this kind of park, formed upon the model of one I recollect having seen at Brussels. Do you perceive that little chapel in the Grecian style co vered with ivy, and shaded over by an old, wild, laurel tree ? Draw near to it with sacred respect : put aside the branch which conceals the pediment of that little monu ment, and read—VoLTAIRE• " I.et us proceed a few steps farther : we are now upon the very arot where I built my small house. Purchase a few yards of this ground ; exeavate it—l deposited here, in a vase of Sevres, medals of the most celebrated men of all ages, am! all Countries. Should you meet with those of Voltaire, Washington, Franklin, Newton, and Rous seau, you will less regret the want of the rest. All the powers of genius. talent, and virtue, united together in the formatiot. of these five individuals: the excellence of human nature could go no farther._ _ _ " It was here, my dear grandchildren, that, after having spent nty . youth upon the seas, among distant nations, and in the midst of camps—after having been tossed about through all the tempests of a dreadful revolution—l ex pected to find, in the peaceable cultivation of philosophy and the belles-lettres, a repose purchased with so many fa tigues and vicissitudes. " That house which is opposite to us, and where we can see a crowd of children abandoning themselvis in a large play-ground, to the noisy games of their age, is a school. I might probably wake you laugh at your ancestors were I to tell you, that education in the 19th century was con fined, with respect to a boy born in Gaul, to the study of the human Language, dead for 15 or 16 hundred years; and that the Same young man, who, upon the faith of Quintus Curtius, recited with a placid countenance, the history, or rather the romance, of Alexander, was ignorant whether the Seine flowed as far as Rouen, or whether the Lys was not a river of Egypt. However, it is but right to inform you, that in this respect our revolution had brought about wonderful im provements: the necessity of developing the moral and physical strength of children, and of educating them to become men and citizens, began to be felt. l'erbapio 1 may another time have an opportunity_ of informing you what concurrence of circumstances suddenly put a stop to their 1 1 I progress, and caused instruction to retrograde to its former collegiate system. " The wonderful influence of the epoch in which I lived over your future destinies, is a sum guarantee to me of the interest with which those men inspire you, who have illus.' traded it by their characters, actions, and talents; there fore you will not be sorry to be informed, that beyond that gravelly plat, where the young scholars are assembled to gether, to the extremity of that alley of trees now shoot ing forth their leaves to those of the trees of my garden, stands the modest abode where, for many years, dwelt the cursor. I dinary man who governed France, subjtmated the throne. and as tonished the world not less by his misfortunes titan by his pros. pretty. issuing from this cradle of his glory, to ascend a throne, this conqueror was precipitated from it, as it were by a tlinnderbolt, after having tired victory and fortune for the space of fifteen years. The vengeance of his enemies banished him to a rock is the In dian (keen, where death soon put an end to the most glorious and moat fatal career that ever man was destined to ierform. Tome generous friends accompanied him in his exile: one of them, eqally celebrated for his science in the military art as fur his sublime de votion, now inhabits that pavilion, where all the objects by which he is surrouaded, must, at every step, recall to his remembrance his august friend. " Fically, to make yon fully acquainted with my neighbours. I have now only . to mention • friend of the gre a t M a l es h er b es , a philosophic writer, with whom I am connected by esteem and friend. ship. He is the elder of two brothers—he will leave everlasting memorials behind him; time preserves the names of those only who have laboured for the happiness of mankind. My illustrious neigh. bour,unatrected but discerning, venerable and sincere, eloquent and simple, easy of intercourse, indulgent towards the failings of others, but severe to himself, presents the most honourable remains of the noble age in which he was educated. The storms of the revolution, the brilliant allurements of the empire, the hopes of an order of things more conformable to his wishes, never could induce him to deviate, for one moment, from that line of steady principles which he had traced out for himself. Ever circumspect, ever independent, and always the citizen, he was, if I may so expr,!ss myself, lie representative and the model of the man of lettera in ell its dignity, at • time when the learned and literary crowd had her. nessed itself so basely to the ear of power and of fortune." FINE AIITS.—The jury appointed to examine the paint ings to be admitted into the Ilallery of the Louvre, for public exposition this year, which opens on the 25tli inst. have rejected 390 out of 780. This severe scrutiny promises the amateurs a choice selection.—Ten paintings have been exposed at the Palais des Beaux Arts, as coin imitors for the prize granted by the A mdciny ; the subject is the Death of Alcibiades. The subject is beautiful, but perhaps above the powers of young artists ; and not one of the paintings have met the expectations of the public. The lifeless corpse of Mr. Francis ifFlaherty, eldest son of Mr. I i'llaberty, of Garomue was found in his room a few days since, to which h e had previously retired in perfect health and spirits. The contents of a fowling piece, which lay upon the table, and which it is siippms,ll lie was preparing fur sport, were found discharged into his body. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF CHANCERY, MONDAY, Auo. IL The Loan CHAIM ELLon was occupied in disposing of bank. rupt petition*. His Lordship will to-morrow (this day) entertain !notions and lunatic petitions. VICE•CUANCELLOR'S COURT, MONDAY, Alta. 16. Lord Giwrostri Sate to.day for the purpose of heari , g bankrupt petitions (by consent). Some oldie casts were of no public interest, and others were struck out of the list, as the Counsel were only ver bally instructed ; they had not received their briefs. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, Afoittur, AUGUST 10. Charles linatchbull came up to be heard on his petition, but wit oppostl by Mr. Cook, on behalf of Mr. Tho ma s U'orrall, proprietor of a corree.house in Park-street, Grosvenor.anuare, and of Mews. Stonehousc and Nockells, wine and brandy merchants, of Mincing. lane. i The inalrent described himself formerly his British Majesty's Consul at Nantes, in France; then Lieutenant of the I4tl Dra goons ; then Captain in the ltOth regiment of Foot; then Captain in the .* 3d Dragoons, in India; and now reduced Captain in the '2OOl Light Dragoons. Mr. HEATH, Counsel for the insolvent, put it to Mr. Cook whe. then he required that the insolvent should be further imprisoned, even if his opposition were made out. Ile hal already been con fined within the walls three years and four months. Mr. Coos felt it his duty to examine the insolvent under the 18th section of the Act, for contracting a debt fraudulently with 11r.Worrall. The insolvent, in his examination by Mr. Coos, stated that he resided at Mr.Worrall's house in 11120, and gave hint two bills, one for 1231. and the other for 1311.; these two bills were paid over to Messrs. Stonehouse and Norkella, hut when due were dishonoured. lie then assigned over to the latter gentlemen a legacy of 31a/f from his late father to cover the bills ; the deed was dated March 23, 11121. Mr. Coos—Did you not say you had a claim to one-eighth of 24,11001.! Mr. liraxn objected to the question, and said as the whole of what was then agreed to was reduced to the deed of assignment, that instrument would speak fur Mr. Cot( persisted, as he was about to show that al the time the insolvent executed this deed, lie had received and converted to his own use the :":301. Mr. licarn—Carain Knatchbull has been indicted for that which my Learned If nend now charges him with--selling a legacy which he had revived, and he has been acquitted : therefore it can not now be the subject of examiusti m. Mr. Commissioner Haan ta said that everything. according to the practice of this Cuurt, must be considered as settled up to the date of a deed of assignment. Mr. Conic to the insolvent—lied you any claim to the 300!. at the time you assigned it over to Messrs. Stonehouse and Nock ells? firArn objected to this question. The rouRT ordered the deed to be read. It recited, that as the late Sir E. litiatehbull, the iosolvent's father, had by his will, bear- Ing date December, 18111, bequeathed to each of lits sons (except the eldest) the sum of 3001. each, and as the insolvent was largely indebted to Messrs. Stonehouse and Nockells for two bills of ex change, he agreed to assign all his claim to those gentlemen, to pay off those bills. Mr. COOK lied he wished to show that the insolvent had long been speaking of this legacy, and at length made it over to the creditors, although he had himself received it twelve months before. Insolvent further examined—Had no property b u t w h a t w as p stated in his schedule. He had three horses and a tilbury, but they were sold. Had 7s. 6d. per diem, ha/f.pay u a Captain of dragoons. Mr. Coo, then begged that a small portion of the half.pay be granted for the benefit of the creditors, and that Mr.Worrall ought be appointed assignee. Mr. llEs, it hoped that none of the half-pay would be taken from him ; 7s. 6d. a day waS in itself but littl e for a gentleman of his rank in liM. The Collin' ordered 251. per annum to be paid out of the half pay, and appointed 31cWorrall assignee. As there was one service incomplete, the Insolvent was remanded to perfect it, when he will be declared entitled to his discharge. NORTHERN CIRCUIT. DURHAM ASSIZES, SATURDAY, Avo. 14. On Friday, about half-pant one o'clock, Mr. Baron If utioet left the city of York. and proceeded to his country seat, Barnard Castle. where be slept. This day his Lordithip proceeded on his way to Durham. About a mile and a half from this place, at a spot called " Farewell-all," his Lnedship was met by the Hon. Wm. JKeppel Banington, High Sherif, Lord Darlington, and the Bishop's Chaplain (Dr. Philpoti. His Lordship arrived in his travelling carriageand four, and was re iceived by the High Sheriff; &c. After the salutation was over, his Loreship got into the Ili :h Sheriff's carriage, and was imme diately followed by the Sheriff and Chaplain, when the procession proceeded as follows : The Bailif and several attendants before the High Sheriff's carriage and four, which was drawn by a beautiful set of bay horses, richly harnessed with brass ornaments, and ridden by two postillions in blue jackets, with festoons behind. The Sheriffs motto is, " Honest» quam splendida." Then followed a second carriage, belonging to the High Sheriff; drawn by four hones, in which was contained, we believe, the Under Sheriff and 3lember fur the county; and. lastly, Lord Darlitigton, in an open landau with four horses and postillions in blue liveries. The rear was brought up by the. Bailiff's attendants, with white wands. In this way the retinue proceeded to the different C^urts, where his Majesty's Commission was opened and read, to hold the Assizes in the usual manner. After which, his Lordship, aCCOIIIII. psnied by the High Sheriff; lord Dar:ington, the Bishop's Chap lain, &c., proceeded to Durham Castle. On Sunday his hardship will attend divine service, and on Mon day morning, at nine o'clock, the Judges will proceed to their re spective Courts and commence business. Mr. Justice Itayley will preside at the Nisi Prins side, and Mr. Baron Bullock on the Crown side. There are not many causes on the Civil side, and only one of real interest. On the Crown side the calendar is consi dered heavy, and the catalogue of crimes is frightful ; we give the most prominent, viz._ Thomas Atchison, aged 22, late of Clemenson's-row, in the county of Durham, charged by an inquisition takim before 3lichael Hall, Esq. Coroner for the 'ii ard of Chester. iruhe county of Dur ham, on the 12th day of April, with the wilful murder of Henry Curry. Alexander Fanidge, aged 20. late of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, !o bi-purer, charged by the Coroner's inquest with killing and slaying one Wrn. Johnson. Anthony Alkti, aged 211, charged upon the oath of Mary O'Con- Dor, of Gateshead, with having assaulted and ravished the said Mary O'Connor against her will. David Reay, aged 13, late of Sunderland, labourer, charged upon the oath of Charlton Longstaff with having, on the 13th of March last, wilfully and maliciously cut or stabbed Mary Ann Cowder, of Sunderland, with an intent to do her some bodily harm. Joists ficalisen. aged 21, late of Rankin 31oor, in the county of Durham, labourer, charged with having wilfully and nialiciously cut and maimed a horse, the property of Robert T'houtas, by which it died. Mary Tait, aged 28, late of Beal, in the county of Durham, single woman, charged with suspicion of having, at the parish of Kyloe, feloniously killed and murdered her bastard child. Joseph William Hodgson. aged 26, late of Sunderland, surgeon, chargatt upon the oath of Charlotte Hodgioa (wife of the said William Hodgson), 'Elizabeth Allison. and others, with having. on the 6th day of June, wilfully, maliciously, and unlawfully ad ministered a deadly poison to the said Charlotte flothpion, with in. tent to murder. George Robeson, aged P. 3, late of Berwick-upon-Tweed, butcher, charged upon the oath of William (leghorn, of Daddo, farmer, with feloniously stealing and taking away 16 sheep, 6a. 3tr. Justice Bayley had not arrived in Durham when our He porter sent OE llis Lordship, we understand, was left sittinr at the Nisi Prius side when Mr. Baron Bullock left the city of lark on Friday for Barnard Castle. Kr N 0 .4 Be NCH Pitt SON.—A circumstance occurred this last week, which has caused a great stir amongst the Rulers of Bunco Reg*. Mr. W. I, 1t tlliams, the proprietor of the Surrey and a...tiler's 11'ells Toestres, who has, since the last term, been in execution at the snit of Mr. Woodrow. fin upwards of 5001. but accommodated with the privilege of residing with his family in the rules, presided on 'Thursday at a public dinner, at Nat. tfreaves's Room, which being a separate building, situated in the yard detached front Richardson's dwelling, the Wawa public- house, has heretofore always been considered as strictly within the Rules, and publicly resorted to by all the dainties to meet their friends, either for the purposes of pleasure or business. Benton, attorney fur the plaintiff IVoodrow, aware of the Rule of Court of the 3inh of ticorge the Third, witch orders, " That all tavern, victualling-houses, ale-houses, wine vaults, houses or places licensed to sell gin or other spirituous liquors, and all places licensed for public entertainments, shall be excluded out of, and deemed no part of, the said Rules," sent two of hie clerks as guests to the dinner, one of whom, pretending urgent business, requested leave to retire for a short time, soon after the cloth was removed, nod proceeded immediately to the Crown Of fi ce, tiled the necessary a ffi davit, returned speedily to the company, by whom be wis received with cheers, and his health proposed by the Ciairman. Early in the evening the 3 teethe!, Win. Jones, I;sq. was served with the notice of an ESCAPE, and instantly dispatched one of his officers for Mr. IVillianis, who found the Manager in high glee, listening to Vie melodious strains of some of his performers, triton) he hail invited to do honour to the feast, and entertain his friends with some vocal harmony. The 'latent' was doubtful how to act ; but ultimately consigned Mr. Williams to the interior of the prison. On Saturday Mr. „loner summoned the parties before him, when a nunt,•.e of persons declared that Mr. IVillianis had never left the Rulers room ; and it was decided that he s! Id again be allowed the Roles, on paying the costs of the Ker.:Wing. CO A CII A C CIL EST.-Oil N1011(lily twitting last the Rovers gn coach upset, when nearly at the bottom of the hill at Moteonibeslake, a short distance from llridpurt. Fire of the passengers were much lute:. and are now at the Bull Inn. The 'accident happened in consequence of the m ired escaping front the shoe-drag. at:tithe horse- het Iteit , g adequate to the weight.—Dorset Paler. IRISH CIRCUITS. WATERFORD ASSIZES, Avo. 11. IMPORTANT CAUSE. 031101111 V v. rOWER 0 . 141E1E. The whole of this day was occupied in investigating an action of ejectment on the title, brought in the name of the infant daughter and heiress of the late Sir Thomas Osborne, Dirt. against Richard l'ower O'Shee, Esq. bf (iardensnorria, county M'ezford, and his brother, Major Arnold O'Shee, to dispossess them of certain land, containing about 1,100 acres, held by them, at a rent of 1141. per annum, under a reversionary lease executed by an ancestor of the plaintiff: Much interest was excited respecting this case, on ac count of the respectability of the parties, the importance of the property in question (estimated at 1,11611/. td 1,6011/. per annum), and the circumstance of t wo em i nent C ounse l hating beer) brought down specially from Dublin to condnct it. Mr. E. Pt:HM*447IIER fur plaintiff, and Mr. O'CowatEr.t. fur dofendanto. The complexity of the case, the length of the obi, and die late ness of the hour to which it was protracted, have obliged us to ab stain, for the pecrent, from stating any yarticulars. Orest legal ability was displayed on both sides, and the Jury, which wns special, and composed of gentlemen of the first respectability la the county, found (after nearly three boars delebtatlon) a verdict for tile plaintiff. ENNISKILLEN ASSIZEg, AUGUST 9. (Before the lion. dlr. dustier Mower.) rnr rum AT THE estoarcor 101 t Or JOHN WYE •IrtD ANNE STEWART, ARMES'S* DENIS ROONEY, REDMOND ROONEY, AND OTHERS. They were indicted for the murder of William !('Creepy, at Innishmore, on the 17th May, 11124. The prisoners having refused to join in their challenges, it was agreed between their Counsel and the Counsel for the Crown, that they should be allowed font' peremptory challenges. They were then given in charge. Previous to the Jurors being sworn, the following singular occurrence took place:— The persons summoned, and called by the 'Mar of the Court from the panel returned by the Sheriff, were exclusively Orange men. Of this objtctio:i the prisoners could not, In point of law, avail themselves ; but another, and if possible a stronger °Wee. tion occurred ; namely, that several of the Jurors, who Were to decide on the lives of the nine prisoners, were summoned from the town and neighbourhood of Lisbellai, where not °ally the re lations and connections of the deceased, but of the prMecutors resided. Another singular fact =lured. It appeared in evidence, that the proseciturrs and witnesses (with the exception of ADele Stewart and Sl illiam Armstrong. Earl.) were amps* of persons eharged themselves as parties to the riot, but set Op the Menke t wtl wee. ral of whom were held to bail to take desk trills at di= Assizes, but whose trials are postpone d ft for this county, to be held at Enniskillen, ea Tburaisr, the 1111di instant. Another singular occurrence attended the progreds of fhb twieL When the prisoners had exhausted the number ut their challenges, and were necessarily obliged to resort to their chal*iges for cause," a number of persons were called to the book aid set aside, on the ground of their not being freeholders. It that some of them were peniinners, scarcely poesseling a~~ti local habitation." (Inc of them, who seemed most maker for the honour of a place in the Jury- h ot, contested his 4lat of appoint. ment with the Counsel for the prisoners. He said be had a free hold (he believed) in the right a his wife; but, OW a long in. vestigation, it turned oat that the right of the property (amounting to 21. a year), as well as that in his poutesaitro, was teased in an other. Not a single C a th o li c was em p ane ll e d on the Jury Very nearly two hours were consumed In swearing the Jury. The prisoners were acquitted of the murder, and Convicted of manslaughter, The trial lasted the entire day, and until eleven o'clock at night. EDERNY RIOT. James Al - Cur. Thomas Sanest, James Ketm, Johs Muldoon : Pat. APDonagh, Jolla .If.Dnols irk, We ,, . Aflarighlbs, Tassel Corsican, Michael Culhon, Ilesery Errors. Itryan Jeaarrom, Pat. Kiernan, Oxen liPDonagh, Thomas Durkin, and Edward Dolan, were indicted for the murder of Robert Ingram, at Edgerly, on ,the let of March last. 'This important trial came on on Monday last, it eleven o'clock, and occupied the Court till half-past one next meeihaw Samuel Johnson sworn.—Was at the fair of Morey in March last; went there about eight or nine o'clock in the nreins saw a riot between ten and eleven o'clock; saw Johnsen(gf ['Mips heat by ten or eleven persons in the townland of Ehmiatindlehlthg the village; saw them return into the village, sad ewe seri f whom he did not know, throw stones at Tiernan 's bins& ream is an innkeeper there; there were near lOU peruses *.era[, about ha house rioting. Owen and Pat. M•Donagh were of tbe party (iden tifies them); they made a great noise, which be ON% describe; they were vapouring their cudgels about their bode I saw others; rioting in Canore; they were beating one lebodee I there sere about 200; Johnston escaped into a friend's bowel MIMI. Net I'd saw persona throwing stones at Tiernan's house, bat lOW TM person ,wounded. Ingram sworn.—ls brother to Robert. the deceased. and David Ingrain. Was in Edemy fair on the day of the riot ; went to buy ram and sell a heifer t there was rioting in the street : at half-past three o'clock was standing at Tiernan's door; a person was bent in; he went in and saw Robert there, and wend others* the windows of the house were broken short!, after he went in, and stones thrown at the door; saw no person in the house stniek with the stones; saw his brother bleeding from the head, but did not examine the wound; it was on 3londay evening. and he limit till one o'clock on Wednesday; he was in good health before that; Francis Dolly (not on trial) was there, but knows no other person who was in the riot; aguard arrived there lbr their own protection and that of others; at :he time the guard arrived there was rioting in the street, and persons beating others ; saw the persons frtm the door beating people for a good distance; saw a man named Knox, that had been beaten. Robert 2111zwell sworn—Was at Erlemy fair in March last went after breakfast, and remained till after sumatt ; saw crowds 'of people in the fair at different times, assembled in different places; they were the same party going backward and forward; they had no weapons but sticks. The rioting continued a long time, till towards evening. Saw James Conolly struck about twelve or one o'clock ; did not see any with arms until the guard came in; they went down the street to an open space below H. Tiernan's house, and turned up to it ; they were followed by the mob damn. ing them, where were they going with the arms; the guard had not molested any one at the time. Th e y went to Tiernan's house and stopped there; the mob faced the guard with sticks and stones, and were told several times to keep back ; saw stones and sticks going together ; was not there at the beginning, but saw atone s thrown through the windows of Tiernan's house; the mob were striking at the guard, who were giving back ; they stood as long as they could, and then retreated, the guard still desiring the mob to keep back. Witness was going into the house, and saw Robert Ingram standing at the door till he was forced back into Tiernan's house ; saw hint bleed in the house about three minutes after; saw James M'Cue at the jamb of the door, with a stone iu each hand under the skirts of his coat ; heard him say to deceased. " Bob, don't shoot us I" deceased had a gun in his hand at the time, but witness had neither a gun, stick, nor stone. A shot was fired, but not by deceased ; it was fired about four or five minutes before he saw deceased bleeding; stones were coming into the house through the window, so thick that witness had to hide under .he chimney brace. M'Cue was standing with stones in his hat :d before the shots were fired ; the windows were broken ; the door had got several strokes before it, and there were some shouts from the mob. Knows a person named Knox ; saw biro struck. and pulled in at the wit ow. It was an old house, and had no glared windows; can't identify any of the attacking party; there was a great number of them. The serail witnesses were very ably eroes.examined. The last witness, in answer to a question from one of the prisoners' Coin se'. said, the mob followed them when they were going down the street; 'the mob retreated ratherprreord. For the defence, Roger Monaghan etamined by Mr. Dontnrw. —laves at Edinseligh ; was in the last March fair at Edemy; wet t middling fiesidi in the morning; can't tell the hour ; saw some armed men come Into the fair middling late in the evening; witness was on horseback, and was about leaving the fair when he met the armed men, who passed him by, and went down the street in the direction of Henry Tiernan's. After the party passed him beard some of them say--" Here's the Coopers where s there any rascal dare oppose them." Can't say that he heard any other expression used by said party. The party on coming into the town lowered their emir, like charged bayonets. (Witness described the manner of lowering.) This was previous to their going to Harry Tiernan's house. The ranged themselves outside of his house, and imme diately after heard a shot fired, and, on looking round, he saw the I armed party (or guard) go in; the guard first pawed down by Tiernan's house, and It was on their return that they went in. Saw people running away when the shot was fired. The shot was fired by a man inside the door. Witness, on recollection, thinks it might have been fired by a person entering the house and turning round. ...... Peter Began, examined by Mr. Mart r IN.—Swears he was ker all day out of the Court-house. Remembers the fast March fair of Ederny ; was there; about sun.set, or a little before it. Saw the armed party come into the fair. Saw among the armed party James Conolly. William Cooper, and a man from Aughaleague (does not mind his name); about a score of them in all, with guns and bayonets screwed on, over their shoulders. They nerd tfor. the street in the direction of Ham Tiernan's. They did not theta go into Tiernan's; they appeaied to be stopped. Saw a man named Sam. Johnston come forward to the g uar d, and wrest a gun from one of them. Heard Sam. Johnston swear by his mortal S--v—r he'd run them through. He ran at Owen llPllunagh %hit the appearance of sticking hint, but Sam. did not stick him. Your; Hugh Johnston was with the guard ; lie had a flail in his hand. The guard muted upwards, then saw them go to Tiernan's door. I William Cooper had • gun and bayonet; heard hint bid some of the people outside to stand off, when a man said to hin: (Cooper) to take care of what he was about. Heard a shot fired; suppows it proceeded from Tiernan's hall-door. Several other witnesses were examined for the defence. After a luminous explanation of laic, as affeettsg the case, and a general review of the evidence, by the Learned Jslge ' The Jury retired for about twenty minutes, and brought in a verdict of Acquittal for all the prisoners. 1 The trial lasted fifteen hours. I ~j * V, 1 i i l ' -r 1 4 1iie ~; i‘ . l 1 •) . 1 41 i 1 1. i f 1 1 r i - ,. f 1 i I' I ii Barnard Duttkil convicted at the Nloneghan Assize, of ' .." 1 • et die the murder of his wife, was executed pursuant to hit sentence 011 hill at Thursday week. A t two o'clock on that day he was conveyed to • of the the drop in front of the ne w gao l, at t e nd e d by two R omen Cathoiic II . The Clergymen, and after a short time spent in devotional exercises, the out the fatal signal WAS given—the drop fell—and in a minut.' his soul was .1) into launched ut eternity. lie died declaring his in::ocence of the clinic for w hich lie suffered. • i. j,