The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1825-04-14 00:00:00

CORN LAWS. Yesterday a very full Meeting Of the Bankers, 3letehanrs, and Traders of this metropolis, was h:ld at the City of lA-Won Ta. Tern, to take into ennaideratinn the propriety of petitioning Per. liiment to revise and alter the Corn Laws. --- The Meeting was convened pursuant to the following requisition so the Lord 3layor t— '• We, the undersigned, do hereby request that your Lordship will be plmed to convene a Public Me e tin g o f the Merchants, Bankers, Shipowners, 31anufacturets, and Traders of the City of London, to consider the expediency of petitioning Parliament for a revision of the Corn Laws." The above requisition was signed by the members of the leatling mercantile houses of the metropolis. At a few minutes after one o'clock the Lord Mayor entered the large room of the City of London Tavern. accompanied by Mr. Wilson, M.P., Mr. Alderman Wood, M.P., Mr. Alderman Thompson. M.P., Mr. Hume, M.P., Mr. Robert Grant, Mr. Gall, and the other Members of the Committee. The LORD MATOR, on the motion of Mr. Ald. Wood. having been called to the Chair, addressed the Meeting. He had been in. drieel to comply with the requisition for conven ir.g the present Meet. ing, in consideration of the numbers and therespectabilityof the sig. natures to it. The requisition was one of the Nlerchants, Bankers, and Traders of this metropolis, calling upon him to convene a Meet. ing. to consider the expediency of petitioning Parliament to revise the Corn Laws. With such a requisition he felt it his ditty to Com ply. as he would to any other in which it should appear to hint that he might be useful to his fellow-citizens. He was at the same time 1 ' swam that the reason of requesting him to preside at the Meeting that (ley, arose out of the circumstance of his being Chief Melee. trete of this city. In many respects he felt his untittingnes s . for ouch a situation : it would not devolve on him, itt his capacity of Chairman, to enter into a discussion of the various interests con nected with this question that would be the duty of those at whose request this Meeting had been convened. Besides, the ques tion was one of vital importance, end he would not hesitate or blush to avow that he was not so perfectly acquainted with the question in all its details as to be prepared to go fully into it, or give a decided opinion upon it. One tiling, however, he would say, that the present time was particularly favourafle for some. thing being done towards the revision of those laws. (Hear, hear.) els the Legislature was now pursuing liberal and enlightened prin ciples in commerce, by the removal of the restrictive and protecting duties on foreign manufactures, he was desirous that the same principles should be extended to the agriculture of the country, and that the manufacturing interests might thereby be in some degree relieved, without materially depressing the agricultural interests. (Beer, hear.) The Secretary (Mr. Hall) would now read the pro positions which would be submitted to them, in order that the Bleetin • might be previously apprized of the Resoluttocs rectum. mended by the Committee to their adoption. The Secretary here read the Resolutions in detail (for which see Advertisement). ller. WlesoN, M.P. in proposing the first Resolution. felt him self placed under somewhat awkward circumstances. He did not expect to have been called to propose a Resolution at the present meeting; he attended rather for the purpose of receiving the in. structions of his constituents, to support in Parliament whatever petition they might resolve upon, and, as their servant, to discharge that public duty towards them from which he never had, and hoped he never would, flinch. (Hear, hear.) As the Resolution, however, had been entrusted to him, he would occupy but a very small por tion of their time in the observations with which he should preface it. The first part of the Resolution stated, and the proposition was an obvious and self-evident one, " that the high price of grain is injurious to the commercial interests of the nation.' Such it had been found was the effect of' the present prices. It had been said, indeed, that these prices would at some future time be reduced to a low degree ; it might be so, but that would rot he an available remedy for the evils of which the present system had beer and conti nued to be productive. As far as the present question related to the wealth of nations, it was manifeat that the high prices of corn retarded the wealth of a nation in the fame proportion that they affected and retarded the pr.:epees of manufactures. (Hen.) The na tural and necessary effect of the depression of our rnanufac urea must be the increase of those abroad, and the laying out of aug mented capital in the manufactories of foreign countries. The pre. sent restrictive laws raised corn to an artificial twice: it was artifi cial price which obliged M., and moge than 20s. per quarter, to be paid fer corn more than that for which it might be had. This might be a partial benefit, but it was a general evil ; and it was not an advantage to these who enjoyed the partial benefit, in the same proportion that it was an inconvenience to the community at large. High prices were at all times to be avoided, particularly of this very necessary article ; it was therefore he submitted the present Resolution, which he thought might, with advantage to the general intercom of the country, and with perfect safety to them all, be en. tertained. Mr. ',Aare/iv seconded the motion. He fully agreed with the sentiments of the lion. Moyer. and particularly approved of the latter par dths Resolution, which stated, " that the loss arising to the public trom nigh prices is rot compensated by corresponding advantages accruing to any class of society. Mr. tioLwes was desirous of directing the attention of the meeting to a particular pump: in the Resolution ; it was that which stated the present price of grain to be unnecessarily high. Now, they should always bear in mind that the commercial and agricultural interests of this country were one and the same, and that they were inseparably united, and should not on any account be made separate or distinct. (Hear, hear.) lie did not think it fair to Cast a stigma on so influential a portion of the community as the agricultural interest. Besides, it should be censitierol that although the price of corn was hig h, yet the burdens which the people of this country bore were greater titan those borne by the people of any other country, and therefore the present high price might be unavoidable. It was not therefore fair to say that the present price was unnecessary, when it might so happen that it was unavoidable. (Hear, hear.) Whatever measures they might' now resolve upon, they ought at least, in his opinion, to keep clear of casting retiectionsun any class of persons, especially on that class which was most likely to be afferied by whatever Resolutions they might adopt. Ile would therefore move as an amendment, that the wind " unnecessary" be expunged from the first Resolution. Mr. WILSON, in explanation, said, that the epithet was by no means intended to cast a reflection or stigma on any class of the <amenity ; indeed the very terms of the Resolution could not, with fairness, be said to convey such a meaning. However, as the word less unimportant to the Resolution, and to preserve the most complete unammity..he would consent to its being espunged. 31r. Hot stEII.--I thank you. The word " unneceesery" was accordingly expunged from the Resolution, which, in its amended state, was put to the meeting, and unanimously carried. Mr. TOOKE proposed the second Resolution. He would occupy the attention of the meeting but a very short time. There was no sentiment which he was more anxious to have disclaimed, thsn that there was any intention of casting a stigma or imputation upon tiny class of persons. The only object of those who were en gaged in bringing forward the business of this day was, to adopt such Resolutions as were most ermeistent, and best adapted to the interests of the country. Ile would now beg to call the attention of the meeting to the Corn Laws which hail been enacted in the year 1815. and to their subsequent modification in Ited. The object aimed at (et least the professed one was to prevent the fluctuation ref mires, and to reduce them to a permanent and established stand tied. This was impossible to be accurately established, in the first instance from the variations in the seasons, which would necessa rily affect the prices ; but there was also another consideration, which did not appear at that time to have been taken luily into account -Ist, an increasing population; and nifty. that MIN was but a limited territory, anti that it was already fully eudivated. It was mani?est then that in the pregrese of time we could only be relieved by importation. To facilitate importation no considerable relief was :aerated by the Corn Bill of 1315; but ty the subsequent altera tions in that 1131 in 1822. it was enacted, that whets the price of corn went so high as seventy shillings per quarter, our ports should be man to the recaetion of threign corn, at the duty of seventeen shining,. Our ports were also freely to be thrown open whenever the price of grain reached so high a price' as ciehty shillings per quarter; bat this was an event not reasonably to tie expected, ex. ceps at a period of some very Brent pressure, and thereto:a. could not be regarded as one of frequent or probable occurrence. He would nut enter into the consideration of leverage prices, as that was one witheut the scope of the pre, at Resolution, b u t would call the attention of the Meeting to the pc triple on which it was aileged the present restrictive system of 1, ro Laws was rend:l:shed. Itraa to obviate the inconvenience that might arise to this country on the possible event of a war, by our inability in such an event to pro:ure the importation of foreign corn. Now the probable con tingency of a remote war was not, he would contend, a satisfactory t,r sa:fic:ent !; round of legislation. At all events it was not within Cie wipe of 'a reasonable probability, even to expect such another ! ,- .17 as that in which we bad been recently engaged; and although stet a wee (an occurrence not within the range of probable mine) arise, yet it would not warnent the adoption of the principle iel which it was alleged that these laws had been founded; for it should be remembered, that in the very height of the war--in the year 1140--1.1 that very year in which the greatest struggle was made with our then powerful enemy, we Ited imported large quan :lnes of agrirultural produce from the Continent, subject only to tt,•• picot:vedette: of the risk we incurred. atal to the extra ex :, • . s of conveyance. We then imported from the Continent t temp, and corn, and this too at the very time that there se,.• a ninun a the Powers of Curope arrayed against us. I t . was 1 flaiaZkat);e alto, that the greatest importation en cum ;eta 11.3 claally was 1,:i00,009 quartets, or about a-million and a I) . a-. 1 lot too at a period when we were at war with France. ,ts ia n. ;re. the largest proportion of the quantity imported was I ••• I rush poets, or from the ports of the Netherlands which e nen utser the dominion of France. Vet during this period 5.5 e e wt•-e rut practical sufferers beyond the ordinary times. -!•,. otia: was occasioned by the variation of the seasons, and • r• .. •„.••••ar ; y en:reused expense of conveyance. Reverting to the • ),•ty. and to the wars whirl, then prevailed, end more parti-1 • to the air of 1745 with Frame, it would be found that in' • ,a there had inert an iniporta•ron of 500,000 quarters of ..••0 this tountry, whirls would Lot surely have been per ii;:.) lie France, if they supposed that by withhoidirg that .; • ; ••:;e t' onerations of the war em our port would have ; .;•• • I, or that they could hays starred us. From these ~cateit,enN, which might eseily be niultiplied, this ••• es: ..snit 1132 anived at, that wher.ver there was a super .• • *IN ly hot told the wants of the market for whieh it was .• • ' of withhold it from expertation was a greaf. inconvenl e, • he country which had it to export than to the itnpotting • It was only upon such a principle that the importation • • tht I•nehice of one country into another with which it was Sli W 1... accounted tor. He ( Mr. 'took.) had gone i.to ells • • . ination, to show the unr.;ssatiableness of the ptinciple . •• • • 't • aa zy 01 a war—on which the present laws had been founded. At present, if an emergency, arising from the' distress of this country, were to arrive front en unsuee.ssful season here, it was not to he expected that our wants could be immedi ately supplied, or if supplied, that supply would be at a great pecuniary loss to this country, beyond what it would be if we. were to encourage the growth of such a supply by . the removal of the existing restrictions on the importation of foreign corn. The lion. Gentleman, after baying adverted to the deficiency of returns from foreign ports to the manufactures of this country, which he consi dered attributable to the present operation of the existing Corn Lima, begged to conclude,he observations he had offered hr reading a Protest of certain ..oble 31embers of the house of Lords, who then laid down the principles which ought, in his opinion, to gp rent the Legislature in enacting laws on this subject. He would read (with the permission of the Meeting) that protest, which wu, indeed, prophetic of the consequence, of the Bill that wu then I adopted and passed into a law. He a ttrib u t e d i t to th e p en o f L or d Grenville, whose name was affixed to it, and from whom prin ciples so luminous, and so appropriate to the interests of the court try, might, from the part he then took, most naturally be ex- P ec "' - " In the House of Lords, March 20, 1818. "On the third reading of the Corn Bill it MRS moved, that this Bill be rjected e which motion having, on a di% ision, been nega. dyed, the following protest was entered : o " TIOTEST. " Drags NTIEWT.-1. Because we are adverse in principle to all new restraints on commerce. We think it certain that public pros perity is best promoted by leaving uncontrolled the free current r,f national industry ; and we wish rather, by wtill-con.lderell steps, to bring back our commercial l e gi s l a ti on to the straight and simple line of wisdom, than to increase the deviation, by subjecting addl. tional and e‘tenalve branches of the public interest to fresh systems of artificial and injurious restriction. " 2. Because we think that the great practical rule of leaving all commerce unfettered, applies more peculiarly, and on still stronger grounds of justice, us well as policy, to the Corn Trade than to any other. Irresistible, indeed, m us t be that necessity which could, in our judgment, authorise the Legislature to tamper with the suste nance of the people, and to impec the free purchase and sale of that article MI which depends the existence of so large a portion of the community. " 3. Because we think that the expectations of ultimate benefit from this measure are founded on a delusive theory. We cannot persuade ourselves that this law will ever contribute to produce, plenty, cheapness, or steadiness of price. So bog as it operates it all, its effects must be the opposite of these. Monop oly a the parent of sscnriiy, of dearness, and of ucctrtaint7. J'o scarcity, cut off any of the sourcts of supply can only tend to lessen its abundance; to close against ourselves the ....hespest market for any commodity. must enha.lce the price at which we purchase it ; anti to confine the consumer of corn to the produce cf his own country, is to refuse to ourselves the benefit of that frorision which Providence itself has made for equalizing to man the variations of season anti of climate. '• 4. Bat whatever may be the future consequences of this law, at sonieidistant and uncertain period, we see, with pain, that these hops must be purchat.l at the expense of a great and preseit esti. To compel the consumer to purchase corn dearer at home than it might be imported from abroad, is the immediate practical effect of this law. In this say alone can it operate. Its present protection, its promised extension of agriculture, must result (if at all) from the profits which it creates by keeping up the price of corn to an artificial level. These future benehts are the conse quences expected, but, as we confidently believe, erroneously ex pected, from giving a bounty to the grower of corn, by a tax levied on its consumer. " S. Because we think tint the adoption of any permanent law, for such a purpose, required the fullest and most laborious investi gation. Nat: would it have been sufficient for our satisfaction could we have been convinced of the general policy of so hazardous an experiment. A still further inquiry would have been necessary to persuade us that the present moment was fit for its adoption. In such an inquiry we must have had the means of satisfying ourselves what its immediate operation will be, as connected with the various and pressing circumstances of public difficulty and distress with which the country is now surrounded ; with the sate of our circu. lation and currency ; of our agriculture and manufactures; of our internal and external commerce; and, above all, with the condi tion and reward of the industrious and labouring classes of our corn munity. On all these particulars, as they respect this question, we think that Parliament is almost wholly uninformed ; on all we see reason for the unmet anxiety and alarm front the operation of :his law. " Lastly, Because if we could approve of the principle and put. pose of this law, we think that no sufficient foundation has been laid for its details. The evidence before us, unsatisfactory and imperfect as it is, seems to us rather to disprove than to support the propriety of the high price adopted as the standard of portation, and the fallacious tr.ode by which that pike is to be ascertained. s " And on all these grounds we are anxious to record our dissent from a measure so precipitate in its course, and, as we fear, so in juzious in its consequenecs. (Slimed) •• A cot:weirs FREI/ERICK (Duke of Sussex), •• WILLIAM FREDERICE (Duke of Glooester), " GRENVILLE, " WELLESLEY, " Essex, " TORRINGTON, " Du'rrost (Marquis of Douglash " CU/AMOS BUCILINONAY, " NIONTYORD, "KING, " CARLISLE." Mr. W. WARD Aecoolled the Resolution. He approved highly of the free and liberal principles in trade and camirerce which were adopted and recommended by the present inisters of his Majesty, but thought that their measures would be incomplete, unless oceompanied with a revision of the Corn Laws. As to the expenditure of it large quantity of bullion : • a particular period, he only obleeted ton so far, that instead of a sudden and extraor dinary outlay in one year, there should be an established and re gular standarcl of expenditure, which would ha equal in each year, and not exorbitant in any. In the years 1822,'_.3, and il4, large quantities of corn kad been exported from this country, yet the country felt no inconvenience from it arising from the dilference of currency of the two countries. He bad equal exi,iectatiens that the importation from the Centinent would be attended with as little inconvenience. That the change might be attended with some inconvenience and difficulties it was impossible to deny, but those difficulties hail, in his opinion, been greatly exaggerated • the in convenience in the present instance would be slight—the advan tages great however, he would prefer to tense it to the Legislature, who had fully proved themselves competent to the task, to determine the particular alterations, which, on a revision of the Corn Laws, ought to be adopted. Mr. SOLLY rose to propose the third Resolution. He wished to call the attention of the Meeting to a recorded fact—that the greatest quantity of corn ever imported into this country within the period of twelve months, was only sufficient to supply the con. sumption of six weeks. Taking this to be the accumulated quan tity of the surplus produce of four preceding years, it would not amount to more than the supply of the aonsumption of a week and a half per annum. The supply was therefore but inconsiderable front foreign nations; but he thought the present restrictive system should be altered, in order to give a spur to the industry of our manufacturers, by increasing the consumption of the manufactures, and thereoy, in dof exporting our population, we should have means of emplaiiient for them, which w.o:Itl enable them to re main at home, anti to work for that corn which the increased op iasrtunities of labour would enable them to procure. Mr. IloastEs regretted that he should feel obliged to trespass again noon the attention of the 3leetiog, to express a difference of opinion from the sentiments of his Worthy Friend who last ad Are s.ed them. He stated the supply from foreign countries to be very in cossiderable ; it it was so small as he stated it to bo,he thought there was no occasion or necessity for alteration in the existing laws, Ile, however, thought the supply would be greater than was contem plated, and as foreign supply was encouraged, in the same praror um would our native growth decrease. Th:,4 would necessarily plare a great portion of our land out of cultivation, and materially injure and affect the agriculturist, whom it was their bounden ditty to protect and uphold. (Rear, hear.) Ile was far from widen's lido; the advantages which this country derived fruit machinery, or detracting from the importance of its cutntnercial and ma nufacturing importance, but he could not at the same time but feu I that the strength of the country ley In its agricultural resources. In the hour of danger—in every emergency, they were most to be relied upon, and the Meeting should be exem:dingly cautious in adopting arty mmisures which should detract from their importance or interfere imperiously with their interests. (Wear, hear, hear.) Mr. Alderman Warr it MAN agreed with the Honourable Gen tleman who spoke last, Is the sentiment that the manufacturing and agricultural interests of this cautery were ene and the same—that they were inseparably united, and that they should go hand in hand together. There was no intention on this occasion of injurious intarierenee with the agricultural interests; it was only sought that justice should be done to those of the manufacturer. t Ilea:. hear.) Hu was glad to see sh many gentlemen of intittenee route forward Ott the present occasion, and he rejoiced at it :he inure, as, when in the ytaar 1815, he took a very active and laborious part in this ques. tion, he did not see individuals then, of equal importance, come forward to co-operate with hint. la the sentiments of the protest read by au Honourable Gentleman It t fully concurred ,• he remem bered the discussions on this important question in tire House of Lords; he remembered the good principles—the right and just max ims stated net that occasion by Lord Grenvill e, and embodied into that protest, which lie believed tube the composition of that Noble Lord, than whom he considered no person more calmlde of forming rational and enlightened views oo so important a sulocet of legislation. At that time it was said that commerce and manufactures had the Ise_ refit of protecting duties, and that the agriculturist should Ise pro. tested also. When they held this language, and adopted it in legis. Wive enactments, he felt that they were only selling another statute to their errors. (Ilea, bear.) flowerer, all pretexts for holding such an argument had now vanished, and, by the late alter ttions in the ragniat :one of male and commerce, we found GUI/NiVel approach. iqg a new oats of things. As mention of the war had been made, he would ask on whom did the burdens of the war principally fall Certainly on the trailing interests ; and in the some proportion that rents rose did the manufacturing interests decline ; landed property even docile:l, and the protecting duty in farm, of the agricul. turista doubled for no other reason than that it had so doubled. Tbe manufsetoung Interests suffired great depreciation !hen, but they bore it patiently. Even recently reductions had been made froom sixty and Btu per cent. to ten per cent. 011 various maid as of manufacture and commerce. This was reit with peculiar hardship by the trading part of the cooununity, yet rot one murmured against the recent alteraiiolll.-11Ot one attempted to clog the wheels o ,,, mpent b y 01 , 20 0ti00 er exiiplunt—they wore contented THE BRITISH to suffer, hoping in confident* thatthat suffering would be but tem porary. All that was ;ought for by proposing the revision of the Corn Laws, was that the agricultural and commercial interests should march in the same mein, that they should Jieve the same wren, and that the burden might fall equally upon all. The Ministers had made a beginning, in acting • upon titinei plea which it would have been well if they had earlier adopted. But it is well they have at last begun t and as they hive commenced, he could not for a moment suppose but it was their intention to proceed in them. He had every confidence that they would do so. fie would go farther and Matte, that if they did not proceed, they would act unjustly towards the trading part of the community, who did not complain because they were satisfied Ministers would continue in the course they had cu. tered upon, but in which course, if they did not mean to continue. they should not at all have entered. (Applaase.) They should not have taken off the restrictions.° trade it they did not intend also to take off restri:nions en the articles of food, by which manufac turers were to live, and which would alone enable them to cocoon. ter foreign nations with which they had been placed irttoumetition. At the same time they should boar in mird that they were not alto. gether impartial judges of this question • for they were, for the I most part, composed of manufacturing an d trading members of the community. We may perhaps be disposed to look to oar own rather than .ha general interest, from our particular occupation; but he was satisfied that they were all impressed with this conviction, that both interests shoUld be raised or depressed together. On a former occasion lie had been instructed to prepare the Resolutions, and a Petition founded upon them, which in a few days had ob taMtd 600,000 signatures at the Mansion-House. If the same duty wile entrueted to him again, he would act precisely the tan e part, and:adorn the , same petition.. without the alteration of a single word.. That petition was founded upon the protest which had been that day read to them by an Hon. Gentleman. They contained the same maxims and enforced the same principles. It Mal satis factory to him to see these maxims revived. and to see that nu. nitrous and respectable Meeting recommer.d our getting to those principles from which we had made too long a departure, and to which the sooner we got back the better. A Gentleman, whose tame we understood to be HARVEY, next briefly addressed the Chair. He stated himself to be a plain prac tical farmer, and °beelike!, that the agricultural classes had been long suffering front the low prises of agricultural produce, and that they had now only just rccovered.; this year had certainly conferred a aenelit on theai. cientlemettgboairl not forget Or Agricultural Report of the Committee in IBM. Mr. flusKoton then stated that the importation of only 760,1100 quarter; had reduced the vi tee of oats nearly 60 per ecat., and what ought to be expected when two millions of quarters should be imported annually ? How could the British farmer exist, if a proporoonate reduction should take place upon this importation ? The British fanners do not want extra vagant prices. but they desire such prices as will enable them to live and to pay their labourers. The agricultural labourer is not now paid above half as well as the manufacturing labourer; and should the protection be removed which is now afforded by the Corn Lawe, thousands, in all probability, will be thrown upon their parishes, Even if it should be admitted that it was expedient to alter the Corn haws, he did not think the present the proper moment.— There is a surplus on the Continent; it is well known that there has been no importation for the last six years. What might have been importediremains in the countries where it has grown • and if the protection is now taken o ff , the whole surplus will suddenly be imported ; and not only will the poor lands be thrown out of culti vation, but the poor labourers must be reduced to a lamentable state of distress. Mr. if oxiitx, of Colchester, said, that if any . gentleman who opposed the present system had stated that the price of corn was now too high, and ought to be reduced, such an assertion would bring the Agriculturalist fairly before the Meeting, and he should then be bound to come forward and show that he could not grow it at a lower price. No such statement, however, had been made ; the objections to the present system were general, and by no means sufficiently definite. If injury should be brought upon the agris culturalists by a reduction of the price of corn, it would not a ff ect the agricultural interest only ; th e agricultur alists consumed the produce of the manufacturers, and therefore the manufacturers would suffer also. The p roposed alteration was equally im portant to both interests, and it was equally important to both that the farmer should get a fair remuneration. Mr. Hoskieson, who is an authority that all must respect, had stated a a perm which he brought forward some yearn ago, that ft urallihs of our manufactures were consumed at home. Why, then, should we vtack the consumers of a principal part of our manufactures, for the sake of those by whom only a small part is consumed? But why is the present time chosen ? Does any man contend that our manufacturers are now affected by the high price of corn, or that because of this high price they are unable to compete with the manufacturers of any other omens ? It should be remem bered too, that there are still restricting duties upon impetration in all foreign countries ; and by taking off those restrictions in this country, we give a bounty to foreign countries, at an expense of the ruin of the British farmer. The *ay in which the averages were taken was unjust. Hs knew the way in which the average was taken. (Hear, hear, sod cries of "So do we.") The high price and the low price was taken. and an average struck from it, without taking into consideration the quality or the quantity sold. Therefore, when it was stated that the average was C. the rerun nerving price to the farmer probably did not exceed us. It via admitted that if the Corn Laws were altered, some of the poor lands would go out of cultivation. It was intended perhaps that the poor people should go out of cultivation too. (A laugh.) But this was a matter which did wet appear to excite much foirg. The duties on manufactured produce were reduced, and should not the farmer, whose produce arose almost entirely from manual labour, get a share of those advantages? When the farmer now got a little breathing time,—for this has'been the Mat year for some time past in which he could be said to live,—is this the proper moment to crush him ? The duties on wines were taken off for the benefit of the agriculturists of Portugal and Spain. He confessed he would rather base heard that the duties on malt and hops, which were direct taxes upon agriculture, had been reduced. Such a re duction would have added considerably to the comforts of the lower classes. (Ileac, hear.) Silty should we encourage the agriculutrists of other countries at the moment when we contem plate an oppression of the agriculturists of our own ? The agricul turists were subject to tithes and highway tolls, and many other heavy imposts which did not affect other classes. lie did not think it becoming of the merchants of this great metropolis to ask for the revision of laws which protect the British farmer. The supply of corn front America and other countries, upon the abolition of the protecting duties, would bring ruin upon the British fanner, without affording any adequate advantage to any other interest. ' Mr. D. W. HAI vKY said, he would not have troubled the Meet ing, but for what had fallen from the Gentleman who had just sat down. He (Mr. II.) hail once the honour of haring that Gentle man for his constituent, and he hoped that r.o difference of opinion which might anise, would prevent him from being honoured with a continuance of his good feeling. That Gentleman had uttered a sweeping anathema against the Resolutions which were submitted to the Meeting, without establishing that plenty, and the advantages arising from it, is a positive miL It was necessary to establish such a principle before he condemned those Resolutions, which do not enter into detail ; but, recognising a general principle, leave the ap plication to a Committee of the ?louse of Comma's, by whom it can be most properly arranged. There was great advantage at a public meeting, in confining attention to general principles ; for if every man present, who agreed with the Resolutions, was called upon to support, each person would endeavour to find illustrations as various as the individuals would be numerous. The principle upon which the Resolutions were founded, was altogether a general one, and he fully agreed with the Committee upon the propriety of leaving the application to a deliberate assembly. He thought the distinction between the commercial and trading and agricultural in- . terests was altogether uofounded. Any thing prejudicial to tute class must prove equally so to tile other. However, on this parti cular 9:Ratio:l.—the revision of the Corn Laws--the larded interest seemed to consider themselves peculiarly concerned; anti to add strength to their numbers. they endeavoured to mix and confound their interest with that of the occupiers of the soil. If Ton touch our rent-roll, said they, you trench upon the comforts of the farmers anti agric..!,urnl labourers. By this ruse, they man adroitly array a huge army to divest the legislature and country from the insignificance of their numbers, and their want of importance, compared ..ith the other classes of the community. (Hear, hear.) With this view, they deeply sympathised with the distresses of the agricultural labourers, and feel the most intents anxiety to preserve their comforts. The (hen. tlenian said, it was incumbent upon those who supported the Reso lutions to prove that the price of bread was too high. It was by no means incumber.t upon the supporters of the resolutions to prove this. It was only necessary fur them to prove that it might be got cheaper elsewhere. But besides the landlord and tenants, the landed interest bring up the poor ; they say, you will reduce the poor to starvation if you re pore the restrictions on the importation j of corn. The effect of these restrictious, it is said, is to keep up the high price of corn. But did the high price of corn confer any ad. vantages on the poor ? By no means: on the contrary, when corn was at the highest, the poor rates were at the highest, sod the poor were in the greatest (UStie33. ( fleet, hear.) The poor man, by the existing laws of England, is entitled to bread—he can get no thing more by Ins wages : these arc ton low to suffer him to procure any thing else but bread :he can get bread by the poor rates. Now if the price of bread was low, the poor man, foam his wages, might be enabled to enjoy some of the comforts of I:fe. lie would love his own home better than the parish workhouse, sad the poor rates would be ultimately diminished. as well as the evils which spring front them. But there was another objection. Poor lands, it was said. wood be thrown out of cultivation—this fertile kingdom would be like a desert region, a wit lerncss unfit for a human eye to rest upon. But was there no other produce from the land but corn ? Were not high prices obtained for meat, and milk, and butter? Why were the dater-farms of Suffolk tiiminished in number ? Why were the rosy-chitekcd maidens, with their milking-pails, no longer seen in those counties where they formerly met the eye at every turning (Hear, hear. and a laugh.) Why was there much corn and little puttirc ? Because tt,e rum laws gave a high price to the tanner. he tore up his green fields to sow corn ; and if the price fell, he would again turn, for the Isomers are keen-scented (a laugh) to that which should produce the greatestlprofit ; and the poor labourer. who now gets only bread, could procure beef and butter, and other comfort, at s hicti those who now symytkised - with them so feel ingly would assuredly rejoice. (Cheers.) A Gentleman, whose narna we could not lea-n, rase MI war about to enter into some financial statements respecting the prices of corn. He spoke in a low tone, and the impatience of the meet. ing WrISSO strongly manifested, that he was induced abruptly to conclude. _ Mr. CRAWFORD Mit tO propose the fourth revolotion. He Uhl the pmpositimi which it involved was so obvious, that he would eonfi•te himself to readieg it. It was seconded by Mr. I.IOLLAND.Snd agreed to. Alertuan TuoKTSO X, M.P. tese to trip., tbo fifth resole. - "4 ' lion. He declared his conviction of the impolicy of the Corn laws. and the necessity of an alteration in them. The meeting had heard the opinion of gentlemen connected with the agricultural into. rest in various courties. Though disqualified by the language of the requisition from addressing the meeting, he was glad to find that the Lord Mayor had. in this instance, permitted them to be heard. (Hear, hear.) They anticipated the molt calamitous re. sults from the revision of the Cerra Laws, an anticipation which he considered to be by no means well founded. It was evident that the interest of the public called for arevision of the present system. In the short period of three yens there had been a variation of nearly 51 per tent. Such a variation in an article of prime necessity was a great evil. The farmer did :tot know what tent he ought to tin dertake to pay his landlord; the manufacturer wield not regulate the wages of his labourer until some revision took place ; and then the interest of the landlord and l.is tenant, and of the, manufac turn and his labourer, may no longer he bronght into ollision at every variation of price. The sock of English corn was now so low, it was the opinion of many persona well qualified to judge, that before the conclusion of the year the ports should be opened, and the corn of foreign countries would be brought in at once; whereas, in case of a revision, it would be let in gradually. It I was said that restrictions existed in other countries, and that the liberal commercial system which we now pursued, would not be ItUowed by other countries. He (Alderman Thompson) only knew that foreign countries followed our bad system, and there fore a pricii they should follow our example when we recognised sound principles. At all events, whether foreign countries fol lowed our example or not, England herself must be benefited by the adoption of liberal principles. As to throwing poor lands out of cultivation, and producing great distress and famine amongst the lower classes, he would only say, in the words of a great writer, that " thermions of the earth never need throw dice to see which should submit to the evils of famine, es there is abundance of food in the world, and it is only necessary for mankind to do away with unwise restrictions, and cease to contravene the benevolent inten tions of Providence." (Cheers.) Sir. HODGSON seconded the Resolution, which was unanimously agreed to. Mr. Banc LAY rose to move, that the Resolutions should be cm. bodied in a petition to be presented to Parliament. Ile slid, that at so late an hour he would not have considered himself called spoil to offer any observations, but that it happened he was one of the few who, in 1815, in the House Of Couirstons, had from night to night opposed the present Corn Bill. He, in common with others, had then ventured to predict much which had since followed from this Bill. But principles where then urged in support of it which are now exploded. An appeal from such an extensive and respectable assembly as that which he addressed must be received with respect. (Hear.) The opinion of the inexpediency of Corn Laws was not confined to this assembly ; in the farming county where he lived, many of the farmers seemed convinced that the Corn Laws were injurious to their interests. It was well known that by a manoeuvre between some of the corn-dealers .d Londep, corn was admitted when there was a plentiful stock in the country, and oats were prevented from being imported at another period by a similar manoeuvre. At the public meetings which were held in 1015 on the subject of the Corn Laws, very violent feelings prevailed. He was happy to observe that those feelings had now Subsided. It scented as if all parties had come to a point, that some alteration wad eypedient, but this alteration could be most advantageously discussed by the Legislature. As an indi vidual he thcnight that the agriculturists should have highly protect. ing duties at tie..., which should be annually diminished, in such a manner as should leave them a fair income to support their share of the public burthens. Mr. GRANT seconded the motion. He was anxious to have it impressed upon the Sleeting, that there was no contest between the manufacturing and the agricultural interests. Those interests sup. ported each other, and itt case of injury both must suffer. The question would undergo an enlightened and impartial investigation in the House of Commons. and lie had no doubt that the result would be satisfactory. The revision of the Corn Laws would re duce the Poor Rates, which would be an eminent advantage. In conclusion, he hoped it was the object of every man who attended the meeting to go upon the homely but just principle, " to live and let live." The seventh Resolution was proposed by Mr. COMBAULD, se conded by Mr. tiotTacr, and passed unanimo••4ly. Thanks were then voted to Dlr. Hall, who had been mainly in strumental in convoking the Meeting. Mr. HALL returned thanks. This was not the first time he was called on in the service of the public, and he hoped it would not be the last. (Hear, hear ) Upon the motion of Mr. RtcgastDs, seconded by Mr. Alderman VENABLES. thanks were voted to the Lord Mayor, lot his proper and dignified conduct in the Chair. The LORD MAYOR returned thanks. The Meeting seperated at four o'clock. LIVERPOOL, TULBD•Y EVINING• Wind N.W.--Highwater, 20 min. p. 7. Arrived last night the Stag, Drysdale, from Glasgow ; Albion, Ritchie, from Loudon; Hope, Herbert, from ditto; Cordelia. Ro berta, from Limerick; Endeavour, Price, from Cork; Julien, Gibson, front St. Vincent's; Joseph Hume, Crosatield, from St. John's, New Brunswick; Harriett, Thornton, from Campeachy ; Constance, from Antwerp ; Ouderneuning, Roodukerk, from Rot terdam • Eclipse, from Belfast ; Castle, Pearce, from Newry ; Snetherd, De Jonfe, from Dublin ; Three Sisters, Gibbons, from Cork ; Lattice, Edgar, from Donegal Jane, from Holyhead ; Elizabeth, Griffith, from Newport Volhardirig, Turner, from Newry ; Friend, Bell, from Drogheda ; and Henry, Jlilkr, from ditto. Arrived this day the Corsair, Petrie, from Charlston ; Tallyho. Glover, from New York; Rocket, Stanley, from Pernambuco; Eleanor, Lawrence, from Demerara; Eliza, Dick, from Para; Bee, M`Bride, from Paraiba; Jane, from Leghorn, in 210 days; Meridian, Salisbury, from Trieste; Mayflower, from Messina; Defiance, Whiteside, from Catania; fleoricus, Hoddart, from Limerick; Cherub, Winder, from ditto; Governor Brooks, Bi shop, from Charleston ; Washington, Jones, from Lisbon ; Ranger, Wilkinson, from Tralee; Jean and Bell, itarkin, from Cork; Mary, Curdy, from iVezford; James and Ann, Lamb. from Dundalk; Shamrock, Montgomery, from Belfast; Emerald Isle, Langland, from Dublin; Mary Frances, Owen. from Wog- ' beds; Arrow, Nisbett„ from Glasgow; Maz.arine, Falcon, from Belfast; St. Patrick, Seed, from Newry; Blossom, Williamson, from Leghorn, in 32 days ; Loyal Sam, from Slaranham; Joe, Grimby, from Leghorn; Harriett, from Jamaica; British Tar, from Demerara; Catherina Louise, front Marseilles; Clarissa Ann, from Charlston ; Craigte, Miller, from Seville; Aisthape, Jones, from 31aranhain; Favourite, Billings, front Charlston ; Dorothy, Garmoull, from Bombay; and fligginson, from Bar. tiadocs. The Jubilee, Luccock, from Museum, foundered at sea. The Captain and crew arrived here in the Clarissa Ann from Charlton, but particulars not known. In consequence of the numerous arrivals this day and yesterday our Cotton Market is extremely dull. aid prices lover about id. a 4d. About 4,900 bags have been sold in the last three days, in cluding to this evening. CORN MARKET, TUESDAY, APRIL 12. More buslneu has been done at our Corn 31arket this day than has occurred for several days past, and the reduction of 2d. a 3d. of Saturday has been recovered. The quotations are therefore the same as Int. More inquiry for Flour in hood, principally for ea port to Gibraltar. GRAIN. a. d. s. d. Wheat per Bushel 701b.—Euglish . 9 1 a 10 0 Scotch 9 0 a 9 4 Irish - 8 7 a 910 Dantzic• - 3 9 a 7 3 Pumcranian• . t 9 a 7 3 Pete-stroll/1i and Rigat 1 it a B 3 Oats per Bushel of 451b.—Irish Potato . 3 I a 3 4 Englisti.Seotch&W•lsli 3 3 a 3 6 Common 2d. a 31. lower. Barley per 601b.—Engiisli - - 5 0 a 6 3 Disk - - - 4 V a 5 0 Malt per 9 galls. (old) . . - 9U a b 3 Ditto (new) - - 9 6 a 10 0 Oatmeal per 2401.—EngUsh - - 30 0a32 U Irish . - - 23 0 a 31 0 Flour per 260114—English (Stir) - 50 0 a 52 C Irish (fine) - - 50 0 a 51 V American per lablb. (in bond) 24 U a 2G 0 J )antzic . 0 0 a 0 U Foreign. free 0 0• 0 0 ! Beans per Quarter—Englibli - - 4/1 0a43 0 Irish - - 40 U a 42 0 Foreign - - U 0 a 0 0 Peas per Quarter— English, White . 0 0 a 0 9 Ditto Grey - - 00 a 0 U Foreign - - U 0 a 0 U ISPORTED PROM THE 4TH APRIL TO THE 11TH APnIL. Vbeat - Oats - Barley Beans - 133 qrs. • - 4.436 - 14175 loads INCLUSIVE. . 8,581 qrs. Peas 22,823 Flour oa.tueal 1,403 Ea 00 n't I'D—Flour. 2.789 barrels. • Kiraly! bet . ..we May. 1822. I- Ditto, subsequently. An Aggregate Nlee:iie , of the Catholics of Ireland has been determined on. It rill take place in this Litt' on 'fitursilav next.—Babi;n Meethigs have been held at llarnstiple and at Torring ton, to petition against further concessions to tle2 Roman Catholics. The large timber ship now building at Qut bee is to be launched in May ; her adnterturement is .I,uno tons, or about a third inure than tile Columbus. BREACH OF PRO3(I4E OF MARILIAGE.—A cause which has excited great inttrest at l'artland (Maine) was decided on Wednesday last. It was for a breach of promise of marriage. The plaintiff was Mary Pease, the defendant Lewis Stetson. Tne trial lasted two days, during which time the Court noon was crowded to overtlawiug. The Jury gave a TerAlec for the plaint 4 damages 3.500 dollars, which pv.e great satisfaction to the asaemWei crowd.— A , vseriean Paper. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF CHANCERY. WEDNESDAY. APRIL 13. THE LATE H. FAUNTLEROV. EXPARTE STONE IN THE MATTER or )1A1?).., STItACEVi AND CO., aItNERUPTS. At the sitting cf the Court at a quarter past ten. t`'s matter was called on. Mr. MON l'Aat7 did not confider it n to occupy the time of the I. curt a: let.eth. upon a e a s e clerearesnoesr.-atioo. The question upon which the whole superstrubture had been raised was, whether any in bt could be proved against the separate estate of the late Henry Fauntleroy? That was the foundation of the whole; and it was clear beyond all doubt that the Court could not order it. This was denied, and upon that denial issue had been joined. The issue was settled in one moment; the present claimants were not diunnitied ; they had nothing to do but to go to the flank of Eng land and get paid. As for himself (Mr. Montagu). he considered the ease had been conducted by the other aide Chore as a matter of curiosity, than as a case in w;iielt points of law were to be argued. The case of Davis and Co., decided by the Court of Common Pleas, was clear sad distinct against the present case. although the Learned Solicitor-General, with the playfulness which generally attends his arguments, considered that that case was composed of aortal things, of that of which dreams are composed, and that it ought not to be considered as a precedent. He would suppose that the Learned Solicitor had at his bankers a very considerable sum, and there happened that which would be impossible, that hit clerk were to forge his name, and thereby remove a great part of that SUR!— ' Mr. SOLICIITOR-OZStald—...4o he did once. (A laugh.) Mr. MONTAIIII-AVell, notwithstandieg the clerk did that, ha apprehended Sir Charles Wetherell would go to the bankers, and desire them to honour his eh.cks to the amount of money he had in their hands before the fertiery was mainlined. He ( Mr. Mon taco) had been anxious to see the affidavit on which the present petitioners attempted to prove under the Commission. He held in his hand at this moment the affidavit,. which he would beg to hand up to the Court; and from which it appeared that in trerti it was really the application of the Flank of England: it was Out the application of the petitioners; they stood on velvet; they had the Bank of England to resort to, and therefore the petitioner' were not damnified. But even thaugh they were iiarrindied, theta they would have to claim through a forgery ; and file. Sergeant Bosanquer. when addressing the Court, said, he d!d not know whether this point was meant to be relied upon. The Bar knew very well shat was meant by such statements, particularly when those points, if taken. would be very formidable. His Loa 133111 T P—Those expressions are what you cosy call Jude forgeries. Mr. MoNTwoil—Forgeries both etpressed and committed. His Loaoattrr here requested the date of the Commission or Bankruptcy, and the date of the conviction of Fauntleroy. Mr. Moirranu said, the date of the commission against Mr. Fauntleroy was the "2:Jth, and the date of the conviction the 39ei of October. Mr. Sergeant 11os/on:wry had referred to a considerable nom. her of black cases in the second volume of Term Reports, from all of which it was clear that a f e l on ' s p ro p erty was forfeited to his Majesty, although it was true that, as an indulgence to the person who prosecuted, he was allowed by a proceeding in the notate of an appeal, or by an action, to recover the property. He submitted that thy claimants here bad not been injured, and even if they hod beep injured, that they must claim through a felony, and if they did elaint through a felony they could not show any contract ' , thick would enable them to prove against the estate of Fauntlemy. and unqac-stionably if there could be no proof against the estate of flenty Fauntleme, there could be none against tie estate of the firm ; indeed, if he were put to it he would say there could be no proof made against the joint estate, even if there had been no for.. gery ; and surely, there having been a forgery, there could not pos. sibly be a proof. The Loan Cuaseet.LOß said, one question in this erne Would be putting forgeries out of the case entirely, and supposing onlir the money to have been got possession of by some undue means, who became indebted for the receipt of it ? And upon that it will be said, he who first got it became liable for it ; but wish respect to all the rest of the partners of Messrs. Marsh and Co.'s house, it must be proved that the money was not only carried to their ac count, but carried to their account with their knowledge, and that they acquiesced in it; and therefore the result is, whether that question should not be tried elsewhere; or whether I can decide it on the present evidence ? I have no difficulty in saying at present, that if I had not accustomed myself to a habit, whltb if I have been wrong in, I cannot help it now, I mean of deciding all these eases is bankruptcy in this Court if possible, that when this case was first opened. I had a very strong impression (which has only increased by all I have heard since), that it is a ease which I cannot decide in bankruptcy without some further information. I wish just to ask Mr. Githspn, who has made au extremely proper affidavit. stating that two ladies are the (mai Ise oasis—whether those ladies are entitled absolutely, or only as tenants for life ? Mr. GAHAGAM—OnIy as tenants for life. His Lonnsare—Then there is another consideration to be no. tired. which is, that Mr. Gehegen, who less made an affidavit that does credit to himself, states that he is informed, and he believes the Sank of England are liable to him, but he does riot even ven ture a belief that Marsh and Co. are liable to him, but ord.) that he has been informed they ate liable to him. Mr. MOM TAW: concluded, by expressing an carocat ials this question might not be sent to a Court of Law. The : 1 / 4 1LICITOR-GENERAI. replied. They did not want any quotations from the elementary treatise of Blackstone, to show that a felony would effect the claim of a creditor. But in this case there was no proof that the means by which Strecey and the pert. ners got possession of these monies were felonious. They were the innocent and unoffending hands by which it passed, not to the till of Marsh, but to the till of the banking-house in Lombard-street. And he contended, that the fact of the powers of attorney being forged could not be proved after the death of Fauntleroy, because, although they might make out the fact, they could not make out the legal proposition with its secompaniments- He admitted the proposition advanced by Mr. Montagu, that Fauntleroy used this seventeen thousand four hundred pthinds for himself ; end that therefore it could not be claimed against the firm ; there would be, he apprehended, au end to all partnership property ; but it was only necessary to advert to the receipt signed by Strecey and Graham, and to the half brokerage allowed the House in Beres's street by Martin and Co. upon the sale of that stock—e practice which, by the way, he believed was quite usual in the metropolis, to show that they completely recognised that sum et 17,0001. as partnership property. And u his Lordship had thrown out some doubts upon that subject, he (the Solicitor-Get:era') was suite wil l' ng to p upon that point to a Jury. He therefore maintained that the selling constituted that sum to be partnership property, unless, by some serial reasoning, founded upon the case of Davis, they would prove the paramount legal fact that it never was Paid, Into Leenbard.street. He had no fear of that law in the case of Davis. The Learned Gentleman then argued strongly against the position that the felony supposed to be committed by Feuntle roy vitiated the claim of the trustees against the partnership estate, end contended that even admitting the fact—a fact which they knew morally but not legally, still, by paying the dividends after the forgery, and by subseiment proceedings, the firm had made them selves liable fur a sum equivalent to that which bad been withdrarn in the nettle of the ti antes. l The Loan CHANCELLOR said. that he bad given way to the present application in exclusion of the regular business of the Court, because he understood it was of ins to the great body of the creditors that an immediate diria on of the effects of the bankrupts shady take place ; and therefore it turned out, upon hearing the petition, that an inquiry in anothet place would be ne cessary. The soancr the investigation into the merits of that yeti lion took place, so notch the better it would (e for the advanoe me nt of the end proposed. Ile (the Chancellor) had to apologise to the suitors of the Court for delays which he could assure them it was not possible to avoid, f o: when he looked at the great increase of the applicatioroi f t injunctions, a kind of business reculiar ru that Court, slid vomtotint over all others--when k looked at the gr'..t increase of lott•iness arisirg rut of our complicated commer cial relations. the rests Joint Stock Companies and others, he could safely say, that he Itsil not been idle, although not regularly en. PluYed iii a time noire important in the extent and variety of its Cites, than any other which could be named since that Court firs: existed. In the pres:ni case, he conceived the question was cot whether the Hank of England had any right to prose against or sue the house of Mat sit and Co., or whether others had a right to prove or sue, but whether they had aright to prove or sue under this corn miesion of bankruptcy. The jurisdiction in eases of back - ruptcy, though not ortguially vested in that Court, bad, however, be thottett, very wig. been transferred to it, because while it possessed a power of law an d equity, it may deal also with fact; and he apprehended that when the Legislature made the judgment of that ('.tort final, it intended that it should in the first place understan't the doctrine of law and equity, and other matters condected with a fair investigation into the merits of the cases brought before it ; and in the next place that it might, by the possession of such powers, ;rscure the speediest distribution of the effects to tI. creditors ; and he would say be thought it better that the Jude • in Clattery should have the power to inquire into and judge the facts at the basarti of being occasionally wrong, provided suet; a distribution might be speedily brought about, than that proper:; should, from the want of his hating such a power, be '.tear.. down and frittered away in legal proceedings, to the ruin of Or expecting creditors. Ile had considered, with great atzation an. care, whether he coold decide the question now beforitn, yid the information he at present possessed, anti he sas bk , 11.4 t say that he thought he mild not. his Lordship a.l es enticed at some length Ilia allegations of Mr. fialtaga::'s adi davit, anti repeated his former assertion, that although it W 2, provol that Strawy had received the divAends, ansl that %Aim had taken the amount of the transfer, yet that there was not. in to, mind, sufficient evidence that they acre aware of its beinr•l3l:W.: to the partnership account. Advil:trig to what had full. the case of Davis a k ,-nitts: the Hank of England, ht. hot.'-htp e! served that he was called upon to go ditectly contrJr? to a sden. judgment of the Court of Common Pleas. ‘rha•c:cr he migt. think of that jude.nteut, And he did not now say what was tr./ opinion, he would con•it!..r that at any time a eery bitil step ; but t: would be a bolder step still, when he was informer , that a vow at esite T [O. na a we , m err il o o r o w in as ow nez et re d n,.:i t t tr ig r t i. ol ja a t ri;: i t ,, e •••• • • - 1 betcontradi cted n for a quest ionthle to t. the e k rr: et n i e -i xt ;l t 'r er . ü b i c (th e CT i c s liable to re play i awi t wa i s be oz ek. low another that it Amid called upon from the rotweeet eftleriabase t ( hi urt th of e o mr f res "m t k itu n n : E i ' : i n ' :, ng l i i t ' a h a: i p a re w a a:: Amt. when the l'haocilior had, 3114 j• . at at • - nity of' knew -C•a: a case ewer d b rt e et r e ern a t :l p bo in a &l::, ic he i h e m cw i t n e t :Le7r ;r i erma, ce th:t va i r tr , n twi wit .04‘, ' 16. f • 9 ti • Cl / T