The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1809-05-05 00:00:00

I,I . II"ERtIL P.IRLLI3IENT. um's,: nG LARt)S, TIMISDAT, MAT 4. I.'i (earwigs took sloes& ad kis seat A.ai hies. • a • Upon the Order of the Day being read • Tie Earl of Slti.lttßE ruse, pursuant to the no tire which lie had given on a former day, and bt• oboerving, diet such hail been the conduct as far so it was manifested. of His 'Majes ty's !Moister% iii the affair of the Chesapeake. that he hosted their Lordships would super with him in ilie propriety of !nuking lois present motiori. lie leboured ender consideteble disadvantages, in the present subject before the /louse, be cause those pipers and public documents, which were alsorilutely necessary to give the House com plete and satefactory information on the subject now limit had been altogether refused. Still milking use of oil the notoriety of this trans action, he thought there was ample ground to draw certain conclusions. sufficient to convince his mind upon the suhject. He should take up it part of their Lordsiiiits tinw, iu detailing those proceediugs relating to the mutiny and desertion of our ni it. Mill the subsequent behaviour of officers under the American Government, It appeured e l ver , wh et , Jeuki is }toren', and others, inutonied against their Commanding Officers on board an English ship, and afterwards deserted, 111111 went oil shore, where they enlisted untie, the American tioverament, mild proceeded to the Chesapeake; that the American Officers who were neer:miry to their tieing so employed, actually kuew the truth of this iritosaetiom awl were pnCy to their tieing natives of Englund. liis Lordship Isere read the tretimoity of several of the witnesses oil the trial of Jenkins Itetford, for mutiny, friiin which it seem ed that Commodore Barron, and other American Officers were. informal by the torn themselves, flint they hail deserted ; to *lnch the others replied, that they should be protected in that desertion. Now. it might be said, all this was possibly traits retell witout the knowledge or coonwance of the Government itself. But be should be able to *flew the Got ernineut were afterwards appri se d of the conduct of their inferior officers, anti yet Ito entice whatever Last been taken. nor any inquiry to this day instituted, coma. • g that conduct. It was also inalsifest that a deser.ption, and a eery reined'. able fide, of the persons of these men, lisil been trainitnitted to Mr. Erskine. wherein the height, the age, rani other circumstances, attending Jen kins Belford, were pointed out. One mark was particularly enticed, that he hull his own 1141111 s im pressed upon Ms left uric. It . liether Mr. F:takine prevented this constituitiesition to the Anitrican Goveruotent, hr was nut authorized to determine ; but the* could be on doubt, and their Lordship. would, be well satisfied, that Mr. Erskine did hi, - duty( marl that the American Goverionent were made aerie:tinted with every particular. Upou these grounds lie trusted the House. trnul.f ct,:tettr with Min. there was greet necessity Ipr that Co vernment making reparation fur the slat!, of this hostile ausl utqnstitiable proceeilitig. If ae gate way to the itarrewsomible demands of the .l lust ham% it would be attended with 'enema injory to the beet interests of this country. Some degree. of credit be slid allow was due to the preseut Admiuis tratiomi, when had not so far marl riled as former Oilso heal dude, to the Irtxpient and mireasonalde delirium's of America. It was rather extraordinary that France had oil many rweasioostiejed in the most hostile am' tyraustiral I:fanner to the United States ; vet no reparation had been made be the furiner'i nor had it bent earnestly deinautied by the lather Gnvernment. He consider rd the. times of the irtirld to Its conipletely ithanged, and that whet bad been laid down by Grotiue and Puftendorf relative to the rum: • tights of na tion*, did 1101 ap p ly to the present state of Greet Entaito. Ile sliimh" ever contend that the rape riority of this country obi the iwas was a Inmate! leiitul sovereignty; that Great Britain, was milkiest to this sovereignty ; and that she had a right to Insistent it, and, hire others, it WI% founded on the principles of allegiance and lirotectinti. In these (ones, when a gigantic and lawless tyrant was pros feeding in his unliounded course tower& univer se' empire, the only cheek which troth' he opposed to his ambition, .vas the navy of Ii gland ; and the Americans ought of all other instincts to be thankful we powwow, such maritime greatness. From the year 1717 to trio, Fissure had tactual oat of the must tyrannical acts towards the United States which email possibly be ciniceireile—She sky,' their inereltaist ships, and if there was the property of English growth Or inatiufac titre en !ward the some, contrary to all laws of tedious, she determined to lie lawful prizes --and maltreated both ship mod cargo. Within ales* pe. r'rwl than two yearn!, she thus uiiiiiitly took from .tie. American*. property worth linen twenty to thirty millions of dollars, for.in tisat time upwards of tliecc handrail ships wire mozeil and tonfisCated. There mold lo• tin doing., if it ‘, n• net for tl:e iiiternatt - of the naval power of l';reat Fr owe %timid have still cut bb iaa used to Moult and ruin the ttttt mercer), the roiled State*. lie could wish to see the minty of this country sopported iu no great sin oeritnity, upon priticiples of justice to wards all natioos--yet live wadi! VlRlllllldit that SU- I.Wrtordy, by obliging all inuritime kiagdoins to take cognizniice of our sovereignty on floe Pelts, which would tend to the ttttt total 'mere./ of a ll, a mi d he trusted that our maritime right being duly Hs *erted, would produce a nv:intitWw cuoredengti tttt t shich would preserve the, indepetelenes of other nu and cheek the cnottiirlitul greatness of the arbiter. of France. The Noble Earl comluileil hie *perch by nioving " That sin 11111%114 Ailidrt•4 INC ibr.t.iviited if, /114 Mtkil..stl, stating that it is tilt a';tiniai o f t ku during hileplMlNlll9( iiego elation het Weerl flit Nlajestt stud the United Suites ref .kiiiersiss, couceritilig the difference. suleistilog tortweeo the tor countries. that the Government of the Canted :4tlste% Attaht in Hittite dint reparation tin. 1:e•eoli I. •tail' the ILAivs rs nos4r.r nod Govern. Ul at, spirited. certain num, tastitr.s sit Great sin ttttt service to Oise eel-vire or the I...tited States, on Ismail the if:beet:sew:le. ' • The Enid of fav ;meet°, mid, he die' not ri-e for the purpme of eioidir a 1 Irsogllo in'u all the lir giediedin the Nobln Earl lobo IlusoUgid foe's: iii the &.n. -sent atieiiri. Ile should is. py a small per- • tion of their Lordship; time, itemise the wine rea son Which he lied assigned Tot refuring, the papers moved fur by the Noble Earl, particularly applied upon the present ocimion. The feet a as, tertian dideretices did exist between s esti GOVVIIi• went and the United States, and a negotiation had been commenced fur the purpose of their adjust ment, which was not yet brought to its filial issue. Now the motion of the Noble Earl called ovum that House to interpose cud give advice to Ilia Ala jesty, pending the negotiation, and they were cull cut upon to do this. without k iug all the cir cumstances, or even the state in winch the itegoci igloo exists. 'Phis was a particular province and deportment of the Royal Prerogative, nod lie would submit it to the consideration of the House, how far they would act properly or judiciously, thus ititerposing their advice, without any clear know ledge upon the subject. Ile Was ton a little stir. prised that a motion of iMs nature should have Iran brought forward by any Noble Lord—for if. any interposition whatever ought to have been moved tor, it should rather have hero that His Majesty would inform the House with respect to Ow progress and state of the negotiation. Un known to the Noble Earl (Selkirk). His Majesty's Ministers had acted in the very manlier which he thought proper to point out ; that they had oracle elitists:action to the Amu rival's, by declaring the conduct of the English 011ieer unjustifiable, but under certain conditions, that the American Go vernment should also make reparation foe the con duct of their Otti..ers. It was his ditty not to say how the utfair cxactly stood—nor was he disposed lo go mere at Length into time merits of the question. With respect to what the Noble Earl had stated contenting our maritime rights, he should also de cline einlinicing the do:elitism), because it was a field of considerable extent ; itt the same time, he could not retrain from reworking, that the doc trine laid down was hes, and a great part of it very strange to Ills mind. He lead only to observe, that the situation of the United States and this country was such as justly precluded Ilia Majesty from making any collluluitiration, iii the present state of the ne g ociation ; mid he was induced to believe their Lordships would agrek with Imo in oppoanig the motion. Viscount SIDNOUTH thought it hie duty to troo lite the !louse with a kw observations no the ques tion wider their cousidevation ; and iu soy he should take tip a very small portion of their time. !le certainly concurred with mu great part of what had been stated by the Noble Secretary, butt lw could not stem(' with the proposition that it was tttttt owl or unprecedented for that !louse or the other !louse of Parliament to iuterpose their ad vice. to His ;Majesty pending a negotiation. lie could :Odom 'event: instance., where such haul been the conduct of Parliament. instances occurred in the reigns of Willem and Mary, Quo en Anne, George the First, and George the Second.-- In t 707 such sun interposition had been made to Queen AMU', desiring liar Majesty nit to wake peace nukes the Spanish ;Monarchy and dominions in the Indies &Wild be restored to tl: House of Austria. fore he was well comiliced it was iigieeilliao to 11,41.0m5/41,60n, to give advice to Ilis Majesty peeding negotiation, and in doing so they did hot the prerogative itself. lent ouhy their mince that it unglit be dole vier. timed. rill regard to the prescist motion, fie did not concur with the Noble Fair' (Selkirk.) that the nature of circousstawriat tolled for or required that Hume to interpose its advice on the present oc casiots. That Noble Rail had apult.m lit considera ble length spun the maritime of Great Primal. and the opinions which he eaten' t . I an doubt procrederi from a comprehensive awl enlightened mind;' but they did not warrant him in giving them his apPrehatitm. He was nut disposed to raise one naval superiority into a sovereignty of the seas ; he thought it was sufficient for us to maintain that anperiority. by recognizing the marititne rights of other nations. 1 hat superiority would be best strengthened mid the longest untiutained, by exer cising it spas) Oritiriplea of justice mud equity; Ivy attending strictly to which, we .r ld be the best enabled to increase our own prosperity. The Ravi' of I.tvitte.tot wished to explain. that he had out meant to say, it was imprecedeisted for Pariimqeset tw iuterpese its advice needing a no. geciatiou, hut that it was unprecedented so to inter pose its advice, until the House had arrived at a knowledge of the progress sod state of the negotia tion. Viscount SIIIMOUTU COntiouttl to 1)0 of opinion, that there were iwtances where Parliatnerit bed interpmed its udriee without knowing the state of the stegocintion. Alter r few nora4 from the FAT., of STLKIIIIK in reply, the motion wai pat by the Lord Cliancillor, and negatived witli.mit a division.—Adjourned. hiOVSE .OF OM OONS. • .thk•munt Cassias: enured for, nioltabtsined laser to bring its, • Ball to iudr•rtnit'y certain Prudes. mud Books? .s ‘eurird, arusuirrtartstly,, arsons! Poldiedtions, w ithoot Ike printed SMIIIC •liked, as reqnared by Art of Parliso.vot. the third Benablog A tbr Glasgow Port loosproveineust ➢ill, as AIII4II4IIIAIM urns' proposed by Lord Alt eIIIPA LD N•nt.rov, RN mask int: the l'•oasinissiosievi made,. toe (111 Art (u trusters with Ike t't.rlw.rstio• of Glasgow for carry lot this %et *tato c•. coleus. This was fipp,..oc , l by the S07.1(11 011-CYN Fa A I. of Sent- Ilsod ; when a !Aleutian took plum , sod the CLAUS( WWI alma tired 31—Nuts 1 . 11, kill was the.. read a third time, and passed. On the Order of the !hey fur goiiig into the Coasideration of the Report of the Committee sin the Purismunth and Poet - ...ft w,,,,,r.lVorks' Mr 11111..1 St , /I 31 en, ahlion7h, as Chairman of the Com mittee. to nloon the Hilt had hetes referred, he had reported that the reguirtions of the House resp►cting Psis •.e had hotn complied with, yet ►e did not therefore feel ►itu .. It IJ ml to sti Import it.—On the contrary, he considered the on insure would he iajrtriouf, mud therefor.. Frl that the consideration of the Krpott pas.rmed to this MI six mouths. • Sir THost•s \ltt.t.►x reported t►e Hill as tending to milord a great public MARC.? to time MI/Admits of Ports month. !kw 1 RONA • TraTeal orroa , rl the Bill, Dad took an Ca- Ceplien is point ot form, that vender the ri zuktioto tltt Ilon•r, certain oreurit a ul land' t:sruitgli w loth t lir water was to pave, hod not had r. guhur flUtire, glt ihrir roloirot iii tliftrd to the Illooor. .4diairni MARKO, A'l *trilled, slant for rogul4r notice bad not beret green, but that thr partioi had ag. i wa r eJ be. fort. thr Commit tre, mid airtified Ilu it coti%"^l. . r. R that in Oriel f,,rus, lin Bill meet he ern! e., tirc C..rwrithr but anCgr 4 ted whether SLttt atoi a ...tilt %%bar, *bun the t oioutt was in fat vt,lituird, thuosti out so stated. the ITotiat divided on go* iditiiitie for pooponiug dui ei s . aider.ition of the Report, which was oegatied. Ayes IStov 31rjut it y The Report of the Cymwiu,e was obeli agreed to. Lord rol.Ksrrou r inured," l'hat there be basil before the Mose a Copy of a Letter 1 . 11.1113 Mr. Merry, dated the ath Octuher, with respect to Ogler L.vy."—Agreed to. A motion was wade fui. a Iteiero uf the Polite of PARLIA NI F.NTARY REFORM. Mr. Cuawee said, that lie inse in consequence of a notice lie lied 'Oen, to ',lupine line of the mod important motions that et.l.• was submitted to the nousa—whether they cuinuldercil the feel ing of the country, or 11.0 ditlienit situation in which it was placed, its isuporiame was unclean able. If it was possolfe fur hint to choose Ins time, the rearm was not the is and lie would prefer ; bid as the trcl in seas there was is necessity for submitting in some degree to that feeling, and he considered it under lola cir cumstance* to be the duty of Parliament to give energy cud effect to every measure, which, without injuriug the public cause, was likely to conciliate public opinion. if lie did not conceive that thi re was more danger in not discusaing, than in dis cussing the question at the prearut moment, he would not insist on the motion. lie thought it wise and becoming in them to take into their con sideration th; evil* thin - were so loudly com plained of ; and es there wus an anpression abroad, that the mode in. which emeriti Mem bers 'mind their way into the House, was the original cause aid foundatmn out of which such evils arose, he thought that if there wus rio ground for the opinion, they ought to make it clear to the public ; and • it' there was, they ought to in- stitute Behan,. If the Gentlemen opposite lied attended to the torpor which for some time pre. !Hall with respu et to public measures, and public men, they would have sewn that there wits something amag (hear ! low !) Ile ti tasted thin the Right Ilmi. Gentleman would riot attribute to him any jacobillical plot ; if he did, he mold in his (Mr. ('.'s) opinion pronounce a libel on the people. The vote of the blouse might possibly be hastened. the necessity of the eneastire could tun be created lay their anxiety. For his own pert he bad always acted in Poeliumentaccordieg to CUIIIICIeIIce. arid with those-views which principle appeared to him to dictate. The people had hitherto slumbered, but they were now awake, and they turned their eyes to the House of Commons us the legitimate soiree hum which Reform should originete. lie world tiek the Right •lon. Centlriiunr whether the public rabid felt any thing hostile to 111.111, whe ther they telt uuiy thing lei,:ile to himself, (Mr. C.) or those below him, with a lion, be acted : be. thought they did not ; bethought they were of °M aims that Reform was necessary, and to Reform they looked without any view to party. Looking to the eitnation of the country, lie wialied the Right Gent. to contrast tbe ',region feeling with that which had manifested itself at other periods of its history. At the conelmsiou of the American war, many wished, or seemed to wish, for Parliametitary re form ; sieve that time, It appeared that tcany who .exprinniod the wish were ant simeere in that expres . shin ; he deprecated any support from any i p .orter which was not sincere, mid be conceived that the Gumtletnen who voted with him upon that night were pledged to the support of some specific mea sure grounded on the principle. lie allowed that it wriiild be deceiving the people to tell them that any Atheinistration could obtain peace tinder the present cireunistaitees.—(llear ties, quieseitig in the measure, uould lint We giv ing Ivey to ',Odic clamour ; it rould be grunting a boon which the public would cintaiiily feel and ackuowledge. Those who called for the meastire, visited to regulate. but not to over throw; lie agreed it was net right to take a stone from the bind ling. hut that was 1114 what was iiiineetat, either by him or by the country ; their object was to establish the edifice by streugthening the foundation ; he %viand pass front minor attempts to those whirl. took plare at the period of the Revolution of Frituce ; though many Gentlemen of great abilities and of air inteotions joined in the cry of reform art that time. perhaps it was not entirely consistent with wisdom to have done so.— fie was one of those who wished tar and terom mendedl it ; however, from a review of the sceires that were passing in France, he owned that he looked back to that period with regret : as lie had cause to regret having attended to public feeling, the Rigid lion. Gentlemen ought to be (-ireful haw lie would expose himself to the ',mai bility of regretting what would he far Inure serious, resisting that. feeling. There WWI a good sense in I the people of Englioul which would prevent them from being long deluded. The measure which /11t had to propose would come for better from tLe Right float. Gentleman. Ile was willing to re 'Tien it into his hoods, if be oriuW undertake the I task. His Majesty's Ministers were those from witrim reform would most properly, if not more int- Neatly proceed. lie did nut wish to vilify the House of Commons. but he believed that there did exist practices mid modes of getting into that House which furnished a fair ground for complaint.. It stands recorded. that there are suck things as speculatious for seats. lie was told that the Right lion. Gentleman intended to intro. sluice a clause into his bill to prevent such occur renceo; that however not being the ease, he thought the House was bound to go into the Committee which would be proposed to-itioriow ; for either they should assume the fact that such reform was not necessary. at they should go i n to a Cum nitttee to ascertain it. With respect to the judges, he believed thin no person* were raised to such situations, without being duly qualified and adapted to the high office. He haul Block stone's authority il. his fusions. Ike proposed to change nothing ; he only wished them to do, what Parliament had alwaisya done, to meet t h e cor ruptions complained of. He entertiiiiied a high opinion of Mr. Grenville's Act. It was riot his ...ot to utultiplk oaths in general s hut he del not think that the Constitotiou of that House was such, that the Meiabeni who counter/surd it were of such a fit •erlpflOti, us to resider the • Itiplieatime in the present hemmer, attended with slit danger ; ht, dill suppose that the public morals were so sap ; that the sense of reelltill, 111.11 die tor honour acre so effectually extinguished. he . would mei, that the country was gone; for 10 those morals, to that feeling, mid that principle, flowed all its greatness. L I o th er countr i es, where e people were degtatled to slavery, those qtailitiot s e r e extinct, but wherever they existed, shivery had a stoats cempention. No 'Alma could contend that an oath would not be biudiug upon that assembly, An oath therefore he would propose, disavowin g the purchase of a scat ; he ointlel also tinewst a penalty upon the person who meld it. It would be necessary to hold out a strong temptation to per sons who would inform in such eases; and what ever temptation was considered itevessary„ he 1., 44 1,1 be wslliug to hold out to then,. Mill 1.11 , 34114 some Littler to prevent ha ibery lifter elections, WI Well . ms before. lie iiiiderstatal, it ..,es objected, that if Itefortn took place, end purchase ens ex cluded, the country would liee the assistatire of many able turn ; lie did lint thick so. Nlr. was broo‘lit 100 the llamse by tabu. influence—the reputation of his abilities ; iltva e was an instance of a lady who ous offered I°,oool. for a seat, but she said site hail never dene so, wt.; now too old to begin. Ile thmaght tout tho: same feeliag which directed church prefertuests, to which - incompetent meal wire itot• istlvarced, would regulate the people in tiler choice of repre aeotutives., No rasa was *more attached that Le to the prerogative of the Crown, hr tbotight it at cesiairy to the liberty of the people; but at the same time thud he was attached to the true t•onsti tutioual prerogative, be was averse to the influence and patronage which had 11011 malt towel, eNt c,,; it had eh-rail: appeared upon the Journals, that .ugh influence lea etiereaseel, was increasing, and ought to be diminished ; and so far from suffering City I e duction vice that time, it had been an a Mete of progressive advancement. He (114./ far ?rots depre- fat leg am ttttt eree, but the great prevailing iiiterest iii this country ought, in his opinion, to be the lanti ed interest. 'ln. very letting of u Peer alit ditierCl,t from th:•st of a Commoner : Peers louktug opus' the Crown at the sourer of their existence, WWI, C,.trl moners looked upon the people. He world Kayo., to exclude a great portion of the monied interest ; be suust say. that they had a iliterent feeling freiu the landed interest: they were mare to e a r. brought with at contracts, interests, &c. by which the monied interest profited, but it brou g ht with it tuxes Which fell upon the landed intere.t, who were tbererare averse to it. Public Lu cius often 'lid a lost private indivaluals would he ashamed of. This was senitigly elucidated% lien peat e was annouticed at the Exchange, amid was IC lTired with evident syutpt of olisopi4)llllment and regret. If they ngreed in perolittint his motion, and in adopting it alien propowil, there would int lie 'suet) an tort after the mono poly of trade ; there would not be such a struggle to maintain it at the expense of tenet and a u nity with the wo u ld. It would restore the churacter of the Hume, it would put at end to places, I,enisiolis, and sinecures ; it' it did not remove the public burthens, it would give rise to confidence soil enii tent. He did not agree with those who thought that public men were corrupt ; but while the Bo rough mongering system coutittutd, public men were degraded and the coutirieuce of the people lust ; those who would contend for the corruption of Finlike men, he mould refer to the reign of James 11. when they would find that many who 'slid. r f min could do nothing, proved themselves to lw lititioui able end well-iuteliding men under another gc verinuent. It was u misfortune indeed, if that House could not distiuguish between *runless and obstinacy. At ibis intiment it was mole particularly uecessery that they should mete, tied in uniting carry the people with tli-mo. Ile would say, that though' they night not succeed in put ting an end to jobs; though they might r:ot soc cerd in lightening the public ),t thews, yet they would ucquire the public citiffidetice. He wus faeourobie to the principle of immediate taxation ; it wus that which was most consistent with true po licy. The present Alinisters, however, shrunk Irmo it, as too difficult; they bad a ileg-tin rid a b room tax, which produced nothitig its point of rev e nue, but ass well calinilated to produce discontent...-. Some time ago Mr. Pitt promised to alter the salt tax, which bore heavy on the prior, but hie pronnse was not acted on. Such were the real abuses, such were the crimes, that led to the alittudians of the confidence of the people, so tit cessary et this mu. ment to our preservation. lie regretted 111,1 t a reu sure tnoved against a Noble Lord had not oreceerl ed ; it was due to public opinion. lie was happy to bear it said, that it was in the contemplatuni of Government to grant a pension to the reiations of a late Commander: lie approved of it highly ; it would soothe them under their loss, to receive en acknowledgment of the merit of the departed in that tribute of public gratitude. He asked whether the Parliament s which was elected by the cry of the Church is in dattger," was likely to posses* the confeleuce of the conii tr) The cry thiut ens now abroaii, should be met directly; it assout to be answered liy spCeiel pleading; by inciting it as it ought to be met, they• would multiply the • resource. of the rouutry ; they would not have to de pend tuerely upon the army and navy, but upon the w hole people ; then the Throne and Consti tution aoand have their foundation in the hearts of all ; they would lie cherished and protected as the sourcesof prosperity amid independence. Ile cot,- eluded with ',sovie t ; lot leave to bring in a Lill for .4 the further prevention of bribery cud mieruptiun at elections, and truffieking for seats in Parliament." Mr. WINDHAM said, that it was not necessatv at 'mill times to inquire the precise grounds upon which any lIICASUre Wish recuseired in the first inatance ; the preview, however, wits wile which farmed a kind of exception to this rule; the principal leading Fround upon which it was rctiontrieudeil, ought to br nuderOttoil: and hr must erodes*, that from his opinion of the ground., it ought to be as it were ton-suited, as nut entitled to a hearing. The pro position of Parliamentary Reform tient not only to produce great ult.-iations. but gnat changes in the coustitutiou of t loicrittnrist,*time-tetiths of the lieforiners would wish reformation tit this extent; they go upon premiiiptimet, they get an thew! ; ow , •insterid rf iir,t skeane; the esil, cud then tarring the. remedy, Ow% wools! lipid ) to it ; thee lower.' a ith nut kir oilier C ttttt 146401441 111:01 01:11 of It would itt well tutiu,nsilts whistiet any olter3non nu Ilse present op,lemg3 lis4 liwhlii,a greafrt aids thee it could cotrect. 6.4 yi tIA 4.01 pato. AnrIPII .~- tvl Hit li.~ At • IC . Wei WI co of a. , th Ph tri an t•i, • 1.1, 1141 V:II 1111 tI.I gii •r: br tb tit '4