The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1824-03-23 00:00:00

at in B Z NI.. le she 'he 'the m of I to read, o to otag It, at Mks, to es- Aber, who ala of es b e it my did to WM/ ; nifeit nschi ens is —you: innos armed say lief a rereir ands of eir 'nd phal Mari+ , firm , urge! c ontests, and disturbed by the dangerous ambition of indi viduals. Lobato's charges against the European Spaniards, were probably only pretexts to cover his own dangerous Tiro, backed by his adherents in arms. This state of t hings, however, will boon pass away in Mexico; the Far' • •ial storms that agitate that tine country will only clear 13 sky, and a universal calm succeed. Southern America, a fter the vassalage of centuries, could not hope to achieve its freedom without passing contests of this description in her provinces; but they will soon be heard of no mom. The Bill now before Parliament, brought in by Mr. Stuart Wortley, and amended in the Committee, puts the w hole system of the Game Laws on a different and more equitable footing. With some exceptions, Its different enactments are considerate and just, and very different from the present Marquis of Salisbury's (then Lord Cran- Lorne) abortion of last session. The preamble states, " That the laws how in being, prohibiting persons, under " a certain degree or rank, and not possessing estates of a " certain annual value, from killing game, and making it .• penal to buy cr sell game, have been found impolitic t• and inconvenient, and in many cases oppressive and " unjust ; and it is therefore expedient to repeal the same, and to establish other provisions in lieu thereof." 'flee preamble is a true and proper one. These laws are indeed most oppressive and unjust, more suited to the despotism of France under its ancient aristrocratical regime, thin to the spirit or institutions of this free country. The only wonder is, that they have been suffered to blot the Statute-book so long; but our Legislators are slow to any convictions that war in the slightest degree with their own monopoly. The first clause of the new Bill repeals those parts of former Acts which restrain persons, not of a cer tain degree or rank, and not possessing the estates in these Acts specified, from killing, or having in their possession game; and which impose a penalty upon persons, who, not being qualified in such manner as is prescribed by these Acts, pursue or destroy game, or who have game in their posse, scion or keep dogs, nets, or guns, for the destruction of game ; and also such parts of these Acts as prohibit the buying anti selling game, under penalties. The se cond clause vests the property in game in the owners of inclosed land, within which such game may be found ; and in Lords of Manors, in cases of game being found in unincloscd lands; and declares it lawful for such owners of land, Lord of Manors, &c., to demise and let the game to be found on same. The third enables these se veral patties to reserve to themselves, respectively, a pro perty in the game on any lands demised by them, with the right of killing same, and granting leave to others to do so, and to restrain in the same way, without their authority, i any persons from sporting on the lands demised. So far this clause is tolerably just and reasonable; but it con- chides with an enactment, not at all in the same spirit, de claring, that where the owners of any such lands have not, in the existing lease or demise made of same, re served the right of entering on these lands, or of autho rising others to do so, for the purpose of killing game, that every such lease shall be construed to have reserved to such owners or proprietors the right to, and property in, the game on such land, and the right of entering on same, and granting authority to other persons to do so. This clause concludes rather strangely, however, by what is in some degree a contradiction to what precedes it, that this reservation is not to extend to any lease for life or lives, or ler any term exceeding twenty-one years ; or to any ex istirg asreentent between Lords of Manors, and the own ers ur occupiers of inclosed lands; whereby a right is reserved to these Manor Lords, or any person author ised by them, to kill game on such inc los ed lands.— The justice of excepting tenures of lives, and for a lengthened term of years, from the clause in question, to which we have alluded, must be apparent. at once. Im provements are almost always made under such circum stances ; the whole value of the land is altered ; the tenant in the eye of the law acquires, by an increase of property, additional rights, and the very game may be brought to these lands by these improvements, in planting or other wise. Such tenants are, therefore, properly protected from this arbitrary clause, which should not have been intro duced at all. The next clause authorises Lords of Manors, &c. and persons entitled as owners, or in pos session of fifty acres of inclosed land, situated all together and adjoining, to permit others to sport and kill game on the same, both parties taking out game certificates for the year. Individuals, by a subsequent clause, are restrained as now, from sporting during certain seasons, and are ob liged to take out game certificates. A following clause imposes penalties on persons trespassing on lands for the purpose of sporting, without the owner's consent. These penalties may be imposed to an amount not less than twenty shillings, nor more than five pounds, at the discre tion of the Justices before whom the complaint shall be heard ; and the further sum of forty shillings is added for every hied of game taken or destroyed. On non-payment of such penalties, on conviction, the offender is to be com mitted to the gaol of the county, or House of Cor rection, there to be kept to hard labour, for a period not exceeding three months. This clause concludes by an exemption to persons on horseback, hunting or coursing with hounds or greyhounds. Why it should do so we can not see, but it is in the old spirit of aristocratic monopoly. Humble trespassers are denounced with the full vengeance of the law, but the fox-hunting squire, with a whole troop at his back, may break over fences into the grounds of the husbandman, and the " mighty hunter" is protected.— The next clause enacts that trespassers may be apprehended on refusing to quit the land : and the owners, or their ser vants and keepers, are authorised to demand the names and residences of such trespassers, and may require them to produce their game certificates. The clause that follows imposes a penalty of ten pounds on any parties refusing to give their names and residences, or to produce their certifi cates when called on to do so and found trespassing. Night poachers are proscribed by the next clause ; for the first offence three months imprisonment and hard labour are imposed, and that at the expiration the poacher must give security, himself in 101. and two sureties in 51. each, and in default of such sureties he is to be imprisoned at hard labour for a period of six months; for the second offence, be is to be committed to hard labour for six mouths, and at its expiration find security, himself in 201. and two sure ties in 101. each, and imprisoned one year if same are not found ; for the third offence, on conviction at the quar:er sessions or assizes, he is adjudged to be a felon, and liable to transportation for seven years, or to any other punish.. tnent the Court may think tit. The night is declared by the clause as commencing at the expiration of the first hour after sun-set, and concluding at the expiration of the first hour before sun-rise. The dealing iu game is forbidden to any persons without a licence, under a penalty of forty shillings. Justices are authorized to grant licences for that purpose to anv persons who are householders, except tavern keepers, innkeepers, dealers in wine or spirits, owners, drivers, or guards of any stage-coach or public conveyance; thelicenee to be signed‘by two Justices, authorizing the party to deal in game with any person who has the property in :t, possessing a game certificate, or licence to sell game by tide Act ; three shillings only to be paid for such licence to the Justice's clerk, and the party obtaining it to enter into recognizance' to the Crown, himself in the sum of 301. and two sureties in 101. each. Persons entitled to the property in game are authorized to sell it to licensed persons, and any person may purchase game of a party so licensed, who are to have the words "licensed tiscleal in game" put over theirahops or doors. These are the principal and material clauses of this Bill, se amended in the Committee. It has still some objec tionablematter; but it puts theseoppreasivelaws on infinitely a better footing than they have been for ages. Game is now made property, and the sale legalized, and temptation and crime must both diminish in consequence. On the whole, this Bill is most creditable to the good sense and feelings of Mr. Stuart 11'ortley, himself one of the largest land-owners in the country, and a leading member of the high aristo cracy, who defended these oppressive laws so long. FASHION.IRLE_IN7ELLIGENCE. —asts. Count Winona - ow entertained Ids F.xcellenry Baron Fagel and a distinguished party at dinner on Sunday, at his house in Welbeck street. The Marquis of Anglesey has issued cards of invitation for grand entertainment on t h e 3 t h A pr il, at h it h ouse in Oki Bur lington-vtrest. Earl %% . 11.1 worth and the Duchess of Dorset entertained the Duke and Duchess of Leeds and a distinguished party at dinner yester day, at their house in Grosvenor-square. Lord Alvanley had a grand dinner party yesterday, at his house in Park-place. Viscount Carleton has issued cards of invitation for a grand din ner party oa the 31st instant, at his house in George-street, Mao ver-tui Oar!. It'ilbrahati Egerton, Esq. M P. had another grand dinner party . on Sunday, at his house in St. Jaines's-squi.re, among whom were the t'ottntess of Athlone, Sir Win. J. Hope, Sir John, Lady, and Miss Stanley, Colonel Arden. Captain llotharn, Mr., Mrs., and Miss Wentworth, Mr. and Mrs. Trennayne, Mr. Lushington, Ste. Godfrey Wentworth, Esq. will haves large party at dinner on Sunday next, at his house in Hanover-square. Thomas Hope, Esq. has issued cards of invitation for a grand dinner party on Friday, the 2d April, at his house in Mansfield- Street. The god and Countess Morley and family hare arrived at Kent House, Knightsbridge, from their seat, Saltham, Devonshire. Colonel and Lady Elizabeth Steele have arrived at their house in Upkier Brook -street. from Worthing. 'I he Countess of Carhampton has left town for her seat in Kent. The Ladies Ashburnham have arrived at their house in Upper Grosvenor-strcet, from their arid in Surrey. Sir William Ilurrough, Bart. hasleft town for Brighton. Captain Owen, H.N. has left town for Portsmouth. Arrivals at the St. George Hotel, Albemarle-street:—Marquis Douglas, from the Isle of iVight Captain Moberly, from a tour. S. BsirJ,Esq. left the Waterloo lintel, Jermyn-street, yesterday, for his seat in Scotland. The Honourable Mr. and Mrs. Berkeley Noel, and Miss entree, have left Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square, for their new residence in Portland-place. Arrivals at Longs Hotel, Mond-street:—Colonel and Mil. O'Brien, from Ireland: Rev. Mr. Bale and 11011, from Surrey • Honourable Mr. Bingham, from Paris. Departures:—Mr. and Mrs. Crosby, 14 the Continent J. Goodenough, Esq. for Ame , rice; Captain Garnault, the Irel a nd ; Lowt her, Esq. for Rut , landsture ; Henry Shepherd, Esq. for Brighton. iPINDaOIt, MA RCII ‘2'2.-4)n account of the continued fall of rain, and the severity of the weather, his Majesty has not left the Castle this morning. A numerous party is expected to dine with the King to -day. Among the dis tinguished characters expected are, the Russian Ambassador, the Duke of Wellington, the Marquis of Anglesey, Lord F. Paget, Mr. Charles Paget, the Marquis of Graham, Lord and Lady Nlaryhorough, &c. Saturday the Duke of York honoured Sir Charles and Lady Long with his company at dinner. Sunday the Duke of York honoured Mr. and Mrs. Ar buthnot with his company at dinner, where there was a numerous party of distinguished characters to meet his Royal Highness. There was also a numerous party at tea. &c. in the evening. Yesterday morning the Earl of Clancarty, his family, and suite, arrived in town from his embassy to the Nether lands, which office the Noble Earl has filled since the re storation of the House of Orange, after the usurpation of the government by Bonaparte. The Noble Earl, &c. pro ceeded to the Clarendon Hotel, in Bond -street; nearly the whole of that Hotel had been previously engaged for the reception of his Lordship, so much of the roomy premises being wanted upon the occasion, that the Duke of Leeds very politely gave up his suite of rooms, and left the house for the accommodation of the Noble Earl. The Earl of Clancarty, soon after his arrival, proceeded to the Secretary of Stites Office for Foreign Affairs to transact business. Yesterday the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of Westmorland, and Earl Bathurst, transacted business at the Foreign Office. Mr. Goulburn retires, we understand, from the Secre . taryship of Ireland, as soon as his sessional labours are brought to a close. It would be difficult to divine by what interest, Parliamentary or otherwise, Mr. Goulburn ob tained his present situation ; or by what statesmanlike qua lities he is fitted for it.—Dshlin Evening Post. Tl:e Earl and Countess Harcourt are now residing at time Royal Hotel, for the benefit of his Lordship's health. Mr. Hanby, brother to the Countess, with his Lady, are on their way to join them.—Devonshire Freeholder. We bear that the Earl of Morley is recovering from his severe and protracted fit of the gout. It is expected that his lordship will leave Saltram for town in the course of a few days.—Plymouth Paper. Lord and Lady Rolle, Lord and Lady Clinton, Mr. and Mrs. Albany Saville, and other distinguished personages, are on a short visit with Sir Lawrence Palk, at his seat near Exeter. _ _ _ _ 4svlrtt Hossaas.—The intended petition from Cornet Battier to the House of Commons, on the subject of his treatment by this corps, so distinguished out of the field, is given up for the present, in cons: quenee of the institution of an inquiry into the affair by the Commander-in-Chief. Mr. Canning, we learn, has, in the most prompt and humane manner, taken steps for the immediate liberation of Mr. Matthews, the English Gentleman who was arrested in company with the gallant Riego, and thrown into' solitary confinement at Madrid. There is reason to believe that on this, as on other occasions, the British Government has met with sonie incivility from the Spanish Ministry, which is likely to become the subject of remonstrance. It is said, that in consequence of the frauds committed by persons connected with the Post Office establishment on Newspapers, Mr. Goulburn, at Sir E. Lee's suggestion, is determined to bring in an Act immediately, which will render similar offences for the future by law a misde meanour, punishable by fine and imprisonment.—Cork Sorthern Repot ter. Lisbon Gazettes reached us yesterday to the 9th inst. They contain no internal intelligence except some orders of the day relative to the army. Letters received yesterday morning from Gibraltar, dated the Ist instant, state that a British squadron, con sisting of the Glasgow, Tribune, and Phoebe frigates, and a sloop of war, saied on the 22th of February for Algiers. Official intelligence from the seat of Government at Colombia states, that accounts had been received of the reported Congress at Paris, relative to South America. It was surmised that an attack would be made on the inde- pendence of South America by the Allied Sovereigns. A levy of 50,000 men was in consequence ordered, and such was the enthusiasm in the cause of liberty, that the num bers are represented to be nearly completed. HAVANNAH, Fea. 7.—The Americans have found an excellent port and harbour between Vera Cruz and Alva rado, where a fleet of any class may lie at anchor in any weather, as safe as in any harbour or port in the world. AU the vessels in that quarter lately entered into it, and rode out the late heavy gales without the least danger. This is an important discavery.—Glasgow Courier. In the American papers, under the date of Caraccas, a most brutal act, if true, is related of Morales, previously to his final defeat. An Enghsh lad, conceiving himself ill used on board of the Colombian fleet, escaped, with an in tention of proceeding to Curacoa. lie, however, fell into the hands of Morales, and was imprisoned. He again at tempted to escape, and was unsuccessful ; for which offence ha was forced to run the gauntlet of the ship's crew, pierced with wounds, and was then hung up to the yard-arm, where his body was seen forty-eight hours after the execu tion by those who have furnished this statement. The Waterloo is arrived from Chins, in the short space of 103 days, but the letters are not delivered. It is under stood, however, that the trade was proceeding quietly, al though the Company will have to pay large sums to the Hong merchants fur the settlement of their differences. The population of the kingdom of Poland (says a l)utch Paper) amounted last year to .5,702,306 souls. This cal culation only includes that portion of Poland which is under the dominion of Russia. Warsaw has uow 117,284 inhabitants. SILK TRADE.—Ordcrs were yesterday received at our Custom-house to take immediate measures for receiving into ware:: fuses under the Crown's locks, such packages of raw or thrown silk and all goods wholly manufactured of silk, being new and uncut, and in quantities not less than 300 lbs. weight, as the owners at one and the same time may be desirous of warehousing, on or before the 25th of this instant (March) in respect of raw and thrown silk, and on or before the sth of April next in regard to silk manu factures, in order to enable the parties after those periods to avail themselves of such returns of duty, and of such allowances in the nature of bounty and drawback, as Par liament may be pleased to grant, subject to future regula tion. Parties sending silk to be warehoused are required to deliver with the same a specifleotion of the mark, number and contents of each package, signed at full and dated, and are liable to every expense for warehouse, rent, &c.— Gla4g9io Chronicle of Thursday. FRENCH PAPERS. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. Last night we received the Parish Journals of Saturday morning, from which we make the following extracts: — [From the Juisrusl des De6ats.l Ororssa, FEB. 25. Letters from Constantinople confirm what had been announced concerning the illness of Saida Effendi, the delays M. de Mineiacky had met with in his negociations„ and the:roaches which the tirand Vizier had addrassed to Lord Stran ord respecting the assistance the areeks receive from Engliu People are now anxious to know how Saida Effendi will receive M. de Minziacky,' whose conciliating character is well known in Constantinople. Saida Effendi is a cunning and well-informed Turk. It is passible that he may contrive some pretence for ',minting the evacuation of the principalities of Moldavia and IVallachia, which the Porte had refused to the Internuncio of Austria, in his note of the lith Novem. l bee IBZJ. It is even affirmed that Saida Effendi must have de clared to Lord Strangford, some time ago, that he considered th; evacution of these principalities as a satisfaction due to Russia. at The proclamation of the late Governor.Oeneral Alaitland, on tht event which took place at Ithaca, has not convinced the Divan th England did not favour the insurgents. The inteligence of the Senate of Hydra having at least acceded to the representations of the European Consuls at Smyrna, and promised to respect the Dull' of Smyrna out of respect to the European powers, has created great satisfaction. The Senate has presented the French Consul who candurted this negotiation with a sword, bearing the fireek motto, " Ood and the Faith." This sword is valued at 10,000 dollars. [From the COMllier Francais.] PARIS MARCH 19. . . - . The Session is on the point of opening, andifieliliM7itri,whith, since the elections, had been silent, revives its forces. The/ousel des Debuts, before proceeding to this enumeration, condescends to address some consolation to the Rovalists who have not been returned. " In the most decisive victories," it says, " brave nten fall; they are succeeded by other brave men ; the army is not weakened, but the triumph costs some regrets." It is doubtful whether M. Dela lot, who is amongst the brave men who have fallen in the contest, will think himself sufficiently indemnified by this short funeral oration. At all events, it will hardly be believed that his exclusion from the Chamber will be the cause of many regrets from the Mi nistry. One hundred and ninety-seven Presidents of Colleges have been elected in the amndisseinents. The Ministerial party consists of 413 members, while the Opposition only reckons 17. " This is," says the Journal des Debuts," the result of the disco. lotion of the Chamber. It was not," he adds, " courage that wan required to make this trial; it was cas:4dence in the monarchical sentiments of the French people." It was mucn more, in our opi nion : reliance in the circular letters, in the exclusions, in the injunctions, and in the intrigues of all sorts, which the Journal des Derbats does not notice, their evidence being too manifest foe attempting to deny them. To these only is to be attributed the triumph of Ministers. [From the C'oartitntionnell PARIS, 31 sacti 19. The trifling alterations which were to be made m the Chamber of Deputies have been terminated to-day. The two galleries, placed on the first rank behind the seats of the Deputies, have been raised several feet, by means of a partition, covered with cloth, so that it will not any longer be possible for strangers to have any communications with the Members of the house. Mahogany desks have been placed before the seats of the Ministers ; desks similar to those which existed already before the two first row of benches have been constructed before the last row. In short, the marble balustrades which line both entrances into the House, and upon which the Deputies used sometimes to sit, have been covered with mahogany. New carpets extend from the pulpit to the dif. ferent outlets, and produces a very fine effect. As to the gallery of the journalists, it remains as it was, and at the same place. DUTCH PAPERS. Dutch Journals to the 20th, and Hamburgh to the 17th, arrived yesterday. They contain nothing of political inte rest. The following are extracts.— ST. PETERSIIVRGH, MARCH 2. The day before yesterday we had the happiness of again seeing our beloved Emperor in public. Ills Majesty, who has entirely recovered from his slight indisposition, took a promenade through some of the principal streets of the capital. LEIPZIG, MARCH 12. The University of Leipzig has suffered by the deaths of its Pro. fesson in • degree almost unparalleled. Within a month it has lost three of its most distinguished men, viz. Professors Cramer, Spohn, and Gilbert. The latter had read his lecture, as usual, on the 6th, W and was suddenly carried off the 7th. Ile was between 50 and CO years of age. At this moment two other eminent Professors (Beck and bold) are dangerously iIL That the latter may not be disturbed in his rest, the street In which he lives is barricadoed during the night, and no carriage whatever allowed to pass—a measure which shows how highly his fellowaitizens honour this eminent lawyer, who it is however feared cannot recover. Professors Wieland and Weber, who have likewise been very ill, arc now recovering. Our trade is in a state of stagnation; but we hope it will be revived by • law just published, which considerably reduces the mercantile duties, and gives particular facilities to the transit trade. .fECOND REPORT FROU THE SELECT COM3IITTEE ON ARTISANS AND MACHINERY. The Select Committee appointed to inquire into the state of the Law in the United Kingdom, and its consequences, respecting Artisans leaving the Kingdom, and residing abroad also, into the state of the law, and its consequences, respecting the ex portation of Tools and Machinery; and into the state of the Law and its elreets, so far as relates to the comhinsion of Workinel, and others, to raise wages, or to regulate their wages and hours of working. (Continued from our Paper of yesterday.j This Second Report is equally valuable with the first, anti embraces the same important topics a investigation. The witnesses examined as to the operation of the Acts of Parliament which relate to the exportation of machinery, and the prohibition of artisans leaving the country, afronl evidence equally exp!ic.t as to their impoliey, and their utter inefficiency with a view to the objects for which they were intended. On the subject of the Conthination Laws, for the repeal of which petitions are daily presented to the House from the different manufacturing districts, the testimony is equally candid and conclusive, and is well cal culated to confirm those liberal sentiments with regard to the freedom of trade, which the Chancellor of the Ex chequer, with Mr. fluskisson and some others, have evinced so laudable a disposition to patronize and protect. ife. RICHARD TAYLOR, called in, and e.ramined. What line of business are you in ?—,l. printer. Have you been a long time engaged in business in London ? Yea; about twenty years. Have you turned your attention to the subject of the Combination Laws which now exist ?—lies. What is your opinion as to the einct of the laws against the com bination of workmen, so far as they prohibit their combining to raise their wages, to regulate them, or to regulate their hours of working?—My own opinion is, that they are of no service at all to the employers, and that they only creak greater difficulty of ar rangement bowers the emplmgrs and the men, so much so, that the last time when they struck for wages, and we had a difference for a little time, the masters unahistiously agreed that isothiag should battier them to avail themselves of the Combination Laws, considering thent us very unjust and epos (like, and that it would be disgraceful fa. them to avail themselves of thens, having found that they only protracted the diarences that had occurred on for mer occasions. Of what business do you speak ?—better-press printing, both with respect to the compositors and the pressmen ; they work by the piece generally, for the most part ; and they have had advances successively three times, I think, since the year 1793 or 1795; and upon the last occasion, when bread had very much fallen, it was thought requisite to have a small reduction, and for that purpose of course the masters had to meet together and to confer, as they had done upon former occasions when the men had required an ad vance. What was the result of that meeting of the masters ?—The re sult was that a reduction was made, hot so great a one as was a; tint proposed, but a compromise took place between the masters and the men. IM you mean to say that the masters, being desirous to reduce, made propositions to the men, with a determination not to avail themselves of the ltws Oita existing in respect of anything the men might do 7—Yes. What was the result ?—The result was, that we very soon came to a satisfactory determination, and have had no *4k:illy since. Were the wages reduced ?—They were. Do you not think those laws tend to disturb that harmony and good understanding which ought to exist between master and man 7 —Yes, I certainly think they do ' • for, upon former occasions, they were found to excite a great deal of ill blood between the masters ' and the men. There were some men who were imprisoned for combining, a great many years ago, and that created a great deal of Issisenderstandieg,for they were some of the most respectable of the workmen; those who had been entrusted by their fellow. workmen at large to negociate an advance of prices with the masters; and, of course, the inflicting of imprisonment on men who were generally respected was a thing which created a great deal of ill blood ; a deal of mischief was the consequence of it. Is not that the general principle on which the Combination Laws have been passed with a view to reducing wages, favouring the masters rather than tie men 4—Yes, I shotild conceive so. Are you able to state what has produced any combinations of the workmen, which have taken place within your knowledge 7—They have generally been to advance the prices when bread grew dear, or the wax, of living advanced. There have been, how time to time, efforts on the part of the men to obtain higher wages. You recollect instances where the mew were preset-Med do. Do you recollect any instances where the masters have been pro. steeled, fur agreeing or combining amongst each other ?-11 , 0, I do not. Do you know that the law applies equally against the masters as the men )—No, I did not suppose that it did; I always understood it applied only to the men. As far as I recollect, we always met together without any reserve or fear, as if we were exempt from any fear of that kind. As far as you remember, have the men ever combined at a time when their wages were not unreasonably low ?—Nu ; 1 think that it was always when there appeared to be an advance in the price of living. You think there was always reason for raising them, though not always to the extent they wished ?— The exception I should make was, when provisions fell, their wages were not reduced ; and then, when they rose again, they forget there had been no reduction ' and wanted another advance; that ens the case sometimes: baitl be lieve, upon the whole, generally, there has been a greater advance hest& curt of living than is the wages. They sometimes deniand ed more than appeared reasonable; but they agreed, at length, to take what appeared to the markt: to be reasonable. In your opinion, would the present general combination*, which take place amongst workmen, be gradually lessened in eaten if the laws were repealed e—l think that both parties would come to an understanding quite as soon, without the ham, and sooner ; but whether the men would not, if fluctuations were frequent, pro vide the means to make a demand for a rise of wages. I cannot soy. The masters would then be likely to yield to a reasonable ad vance, if they saw cause for it, if they were not armed with any power; and perhaps it would be right that they should yield : then, of course, the men would not have occasion to combine. If masters and men were left at perfect freedom to make their bargains, would not both parties be more reasonable then they now are, and more likely to agree I.—Yes, I think they would. Do you not apprehend, that the workmen would confer together respecting the advance of wages, and the masters confer together respecting the reduction of wages ?—Yes ; they always have dune, aitifways will do. Is it not perfectly just that they should do so 9—kinite just, and I think advantageous to both parties; indeed, sometime,' when an unreasonable demand has been made by . one workman, I have , referred it to those who bad more expennce among his fellow workomo. Is not that the only way in which they can secure a sufficiency of wages ?—Certainly. It might have been foreseen that to legislate in affairs of trade on principles so devoid of equity, must inevitably beget dissensions that would lead to the most ruinous re sult. However reasonable the claim of increased wages on the part of the workmen might be, any general conference had among themselves for the purpose of adjusting that claim, is punished under the name of combination, and is deemed the same offence as it' the demand was the most extortionate, and was enforced under the most dangerous spirit of confederacy. Les Angie Run pallier absurdum ; so says the maxim of our Constitution; but if the law of England is thus tenacious, still less forbearance should it have towards absurdity when mingled with injustice, and of to gross a kind as is contained in this specimen. The following questions to the same witness are well put, and are answered with great conscientiousness:— You have stated an instance of a fall of wages having once taken place : would it not be the natural consequence, if all the kw* were removed, and masters and workmen left at liberty to make their own bargains, that the wages would, by ms/sal weensent, rise and fall according to the alterations of the business gong on, sad other wise?—Yes, certainly. Would not that be much more easily effected in the absence of all tar, than it now is with the lawli—Certaia/y. You said that the masters in your trade had resolved not to en. force the Combination Laws: when was that P—When a reduction MEXICO. , .1 Governnrent having noticed that General Lobato MEITCO was in nodes. standing with Hernandez, in Cuensabacp, intended to arrest him last night; but he was apprised ofit, and assembled all his troops in the barracks, front libelee he gave notice to Congress that he wculd immediately quit Mexico, at the head of his regiment, if they did not dismiss and send out of the country Michilene and Domin guez, together with all the old Spaniards, and such public officers whose sentiments were known to be inimi cal' to the cause of inde pendence. At that, Congress replied with energy, and insisted on urrendering his arms ; but as he was finn, they began to treat with him, and yielded. Reports are very confused, so that we can learn nothing positive—the more so, as no one dare go out, and we are all obliged to guard our houses. It is said that all the old Spa niards shall leave the country with only one-third of their proper =other twovthirds to be applied to the benefit of the State. 's troops are now strongly patrolling our streets. No ex cesses have been committed. EXTRACT FROM ANOTHER LETTER, DATED '2OTH. On the 25th Janua another revolution had taken place In Mexico, beaded by a Brigadier S. J. Al. Lobito, and assisted by Brigadier Doe Antonio Lopez Park s there is little doubt that the Congress must succumb, and that Michilena and Dominguez, two of their Regents, must resign : the intention is to remove all the old Spaniards from their appointments. EXTRACT or ANOTHER LETTER, DATED FEB. 2. On the 234 of January a part of the troops were clamorous for money, and headed by a General Lobato, applied to Congress for payment of smear, , and the dismissal of the executive power. The Congress refused to listen to any such application, and told them that an answer to their application would be sent through the executive power. From the 23d to the 27th disturbances continued, when, by the resolute measures taken by Congress and the Executive Power, an end was put to them without bloodshed ; on the 27th, one of the ringleaders was shot, in pursuance of his sentence, and twenty two were appointed to be tried by a council of war. On the 31st of January every thing was tranquil, and the public was quite satis fied, from the firmness and courage evinced by the Congress and Executive Power, that the public tranquillity would not again be interrupted. The following very circumstantial narrative of the disturbances at Mexico was Inclosed in a letter, dated in Eakin, on the 31st of January, 1821, of which the following is an extract My Dear Friend,—The firmness of Congress and of the Go vernment On the days of the 24th to the 27th UHL has saved us from an alarming commotion. " Genera Lobito, a man in whom great confidence had been reposed for moderation and sound ideas, assembled in their bar racks a part of his regiment, No. 5, which was then at Mexico, united to a major part of the garrison, amounting to about one thousand men, on the 23d instant, at night, made known by means of a Proclamation, that he would not obey the Execu tive Power ; that his object was to support the Congress for the removal of the Executive, and that he would sot lay down his arms until that object was attained ; and also that of removing from public employments all European Spaniards resident in the country. " I have no time to enter into particulars, but the accompanying narrative, which was sent by expires's, reached this the night before last, and will inform you of the whole. We may hope now for a state of tranquillity for a length of time, and also for more union in future. " There are twenty-two officers under arrest implicated in the ~;e s last made, in 1016. commotion of the 27th. The chief of them, Stabolli t was to have Were the workmen perfectly satisfied that they had no fear from been awn on the 2 ndl, and a Council of War was sitting on the the Combination Laws ?—Yes, we stated that to them. others. What induced you to make that communication to them ? " It is to be regretted that the principal Chief, Lobate, by re. ceiving the benefit of the amnesty, has his life spared," &C. BMINSC we thomght the lease very abonvinabk and You thought it would be more for your silvan Wore* Pl. YMOUT H, MANCH 20. themi"—No, we thought the laws very Altera ; w h en The Thee* 46, Sir John Phillimos, arrived in the Sound on we were ourselves combining to reduce wages, that wi Pd have Thursday, in 112 days front the flavannah, and brought home own pat into prison jiff doing the very same thing that we were Mr. Ward, with despatches, with which he Pet off for London in a doing. chaise and four. The Thetis sailed from this port for Vera Cruz, Do you not believe that the men would be more reasonable, by where she landed Mr. Harvey, Mr. Ward, and Mr. O'Gorman being assured that you would not earn any authority you had over (Com.nissioners), Mr. Mackenzie (Consul), 1)r. Mair, and Mr. them? —]' es; we felt convinced that if we treated theta wile jos. Thompson, Secretary, who piocced c d to M ex i co . T he Thetis tier and generosity, we should sooner get to an end. sailed from Vera Cruz on the 4th of February for th e I l avanna h, a A n d you h ave found no effect produced on wages byour resolu few days previously to which an insurrection had broken out at tion, which was tantamount to a rep ea l o f t h e laws?- 4o; we have Mexico, headed by Brigadier-Gen. Lohato (formerly a shoemaker), had no difficulty since. but was moon quashed, and the ringleaders secured. On the ar- Then the Committee are to understand, that since you waived the rival of the Thetis at Vera Cruz, the town was nearly deserted by carrying into effect the Combination Laws, the masters and men the inhabitants, who had been driven from it by the continual firing have agreed much better '. 4 . —Yes. from the Castle of St. Juan d ' Ulloll, still in possession of the Spa- The foundation of all law is the general good of the Maids which had laid their houses in ruins; and being obliged to society whose interests they are framed to protect. The take shelter in huts, formed of palm leaves, in an unhealthy swamp, only nearly 3,000 had perished by diseases engendered by the unwhole- g r ound that can justify the interference of public au some situation. The principal inhabitants had, in consequence, thorny with private rights is the procuring to the com removed to Xalapa, about 70 miles from Vera Cruz, and the trade munity certain benefits, which, without it, could not be was transferred to Alvarado, a port about 40 miles to the south- effectually obtained. A law, then, which defeats this ward. Three weeks before the departure of the Thetis from Vera Cruz, the firing from the Castle had erased, and many of the inha- • • object, instead of promoting it, wants the essential prin cap e which alone can mak e va i . bitants had returned to their houses. The Thetis sailed from the lit l'd Power, in whomso liavannah seventeen days after the Glocester, 74, which arrived at ever vested, is a trust, and it is the use which is made of it Portsmouth on Saturday last. The Pyramus, 42, and Bustard, 10, by those to whom it is entrusted, that makes obedience to it had sailed for Jamaica, and no English ship of war was left at the a duty. These considerations should sink deep into the llavannah. The Thetis has brought home a freight o f 500 . 000 1 dollars, and IWO bags of cochineal, on merchants account. minds of all those to whom the political guardianship of a that th e Thetis spoke on the 3d. ;de , let. 36. 3. Inn. 59.33. the Hiram, of The State is eo_nfi t l e d, a nd it I. to such considerations Liverpool ; on the 9th, Ist. 41. h. long. 49. 37. the Jesse, of Bum.' public mind must be awakened, if that order of things fries, from Liverpool, for St. John's, N. B.—P/siounith Telegraph.. which seems now to be arising is to be productive of any real and lasting benefit. Sueh principles as those upon which the Acts of Parliament that engage the attention Gt this Committee are framed, must be exploded, and we trust a liberal system will be adopted, under which, in a few years, no trace of them will be left. It is with a view to contribute as much as lies in our power to this end. that we would extend, as much as possible, the contents of thew valuable Reports. When the true principles of legislation are well and widely understood, they will on every subac quent law be more closely adhered to, because the depar ture from them will be watched. They may be now and then forgotten—" N'aturam furea expellee. tamest usquc recurret ; ' but the public benefit will nevertheless be incal culable. The evidence before us clears away much ob. struction, and we shall continue our extracts from 'them as opportunity offers. MEETING O . F LICENSEbFICTUALERS. The Licensed Victuallers residing in and near London rev. by advertisement, requested to me-t yesterday, at the Crown and Anclatr. Tavern, eurand, ter take into consideration the petition pre sented to the House of Commons, on the Irish instant, by cerraiti rectifiers, praying to be allowed to convert rum into. gin, and for the adoption of some important measures for the pre•ention of the existing monopoly in British spirits ; and to consid er the propriety of petitioning Parliament to support the prayer of that petition, The. Chair was to have been token at twelve o'clock, but, owing to the shortness of the notice, the number of personit present were so few, that the meeting was adjourned to a future thy, Which will be announced by advertisement. - o Tome conversation took place respectift the object of the meet - iny, in the coarse of which it was stated, that in consequence to the present monopoly in British spirits, the public war giving, at kart, eighteen-pence a gallon more than they would do were • thetrade thrown open and perniitted.to ,be free. they the system it was impossible for any pervm to become P.. malt tri r s e t s ilrt unless be could co end a capital of nearly fifty thousand pounds ; the consequence wrap, that there were ma i; than twelve distillers in the kingdom, six of wh o m h a d their tilkries in or gear Lon. don. The Excise Laws prohibited the ' lers from being tech. . fiers, but, by various methods these laws wekevaded, and-it could he prer.l , l that no less. than four of the le•pdas distiller. rectify their own spirits the prices of which they fix at thilkpleasure ,• and hence the absorbing monopoly so seriously felt sod. tomplained of. The rectifier was compelled to maintain these prices on pain of be. ing refused a further stupory of the raw spirit frog/ ttbe distillery : Itere2 ll. the mischievous tendency of this system, t Wei ,to exact from the consumer No exorbitant a pelt:ether, ih ' the victualler could scarcely restate sufficient on the wrapmption spins in the course of the year to pay for his liceace. By the close monopoly that existed no ooe could be a t•ectifiet without the will and consent of the distillery. A person had been,koown to apply with mosey in hand to all the distillers in London for some •raw spirits, and was reefed by every one of then), their answer being, " We are so circumstanced that we cannot supply you.", .. • Another gentleman observed, that if the rectifiers *ere to be allowed to convert rum into gin, they could produce quite :..e good a spirit is was now produced, at 22 per cent. under the Present price. He regretted the absence of his brother victuallers, inasmuch as he was convinced, by calculations he had made, that lf tie prepared measure were to. be adopted by the Legislature, the Victuallers would not only be deriving a very great pecuniary benefit to them ' selves, but would, by promoting the measure, be.rendering a n essential service to the country i and he hoped that the Victuallers would be sufficiently alive to their own interests, to give their beet support to the object of the petition then before the House of C,oria mons, the allegations of which would soon be inquired into by i Committee of that Honourable House. , BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH r M. HEREDIA, PRIME o MINISTER TO FERDI NAND VII. KING OF SPAIN. [PROM • CORKESPONDENT.I Do NARCISSO DE lIEREDIA, now Count of OWL*, is the son of a respectable citizen of Almeria, in the kingdom of Granada. He distinguished himself sp much in his studies at the University of Granada, that the Rector took e great liking to him, and endeavoured to give him an educe cation superi ,r to that which was then given in the Uni versities of Spain. This Rector was the confessor of a rich Canoness, who having been forced by her parents to take the veil, was endeavouring to cause her vows to be annulled, as young Heredia had made a very deep impresb sion on her heart. After a protracted law-suit the boll of the Pope was granted, but as Heredia was too young to be yet married, the Canon's, by the influence of money, obtained for him the situation of S. cretary to the Spa nish Legation in the United States of America. In the year 1804 he set out for this destination, end returned about a year after, when he received, together with his lover's hand, a large fortune, Red was appointed one of the first Clerks in the Foreign Department. He distinguished himself in this new situation by his acquirements and ac tivity, and when the Government of the UNITED Braes/ and that of SPAIN were about to determine by a treaty the boundaries of their respective territories on the Cone intent of America, they embodied the plan proposed by M. Heredia, in a most luminous report, which was highly approved by ell the American statesmen. At the time of the invaston of Spain by the Fends troops, M. Heredia did not venture to follow the legitimate Government to Cadiz. He retired to Malage, and, when the French took possession of that town, he was compelled to take the oath of fidelity to King Joseph though he did not accept the employments whi c h were Offend to him. On the restoration of Ferdinand he was considered as an ilfrancesado, and excluded, of course, ' front all public em ployments. However, he returned to Madrid, where he made fruitless efforts to attract notice. At lasS be obtained, in 1819, the protection of M. UOARTZ, who directed the Spanish Cabinet, as Me secret egret er Me En reams or RUSSIA. M. Heredia was then appointed Councillor of War, and was about to be raised to higher functions, being entirely devoted to the Court of Russia, when the Revolution of 1820 broke out. The Council was then suppressed, end M. Heredia remained without employment, but always resided at Madrid, where he de clared himself openly against the new institutions. He was suspected of having secretly directed the plots which broke out during the Constitutional regime, contrived by Rus sian gold, through the agency of M. Ugarte. After the re-establishment of arbitrary power, he was recompensed for his services by the appointment to the Justice Department, and shortly after to that of Foreign Affairs. Heredia is a man of extensive information, but of un-. bounded ambition, and not at all scrupulous in the choice of the means most proper to gratify it. In fact, a man must have lost all dignity of mind to place him self under the protection of a UGARTE, a vulgar man. who has preset ved in his elevated situation all the manners of his former occupation, which was that of a porter. M. Heredia, far from blushing for this patron age, is proud of it, and seems proud to appear in public by the side of his Nlecrolas. However, everybody knows that, by making himself the instrument of despotism, and by prostituting his talents to Russian influence, M. Ileredia sacrifices his opinions ; for, on his return from America, be manifested the greatest admiration for popular institu tions, and was looked upon as a most ardent republican. Heredia, to his great discredit, has given appoint month to his whole family : all his relations, and even his servants, have obtained situations. One of the richest canonicals has been conferred on his uncle, an old roan verging to imbecility, who her never rendered, nor was capable of rendering any services either to the church or to the state. In the meanwhile, M. Heredia is goaded. with mortificstions the King, without consulting him, has lately dismissed Messrs. AROUWOSA and CASTIEL, intimate friends of the minister, whom he had placed u his bureau, and on whom he relied with the greas es' confidence. On the other hand, the clergy cannot behold, with indifference the fanatic Zees 's functions in tweeted in a ma* who is supposed to profess religions w timents quite opposed to those which prevail in the party which he serves. N. Heredia is known for an ardent supporter of expeditions against Spinish America and one of the conditions imposed upon him, on his entering the cabinet, was to use all his influence for the fitting out of a new expedition against Peru. As this conception is the basis of Russian polity with respect to Spain, it is probable that M. Heredia will effect this endeavour ; but fortunately there are numerous and insurmountable ob stacles, which render it impracticable. DISCOVERY OF A QUANTITY OF THE STOLEN NOTES or THE PORTSMOUTH HAEIL—On Saturday noon last, middle-aged man, who refuses to disclose his name, entered the Asp of Air. Tooth, linen-draper, Hastings, and made a purrhste of several articles, for the payment of which he tendered a 1414. noteof the Portsmouth Bank. Doubting tts being 'genuine, 7*, Tooth applied at the Hastings Bank, only • few Lows distant, and learnt it was one of the Portsmouth stolen notes; on ilia Ste_ T. stepping to the door beckoned the man in, who was waiting on the pavement, and who no sooner entered the bank than the key lei tamed upon him, and his person seturhed, when others of the sa bank, to considerable amount, were found • some in a pock et] book, and others wrapped round his legs beneath his stockiss" Information of the arcitni.tenee was received in town yes morning, and the parties interested have left town gaol, to which he is committed. I t toCi - C r .I . C. Down yeate r a foe liailielts