The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1818-12-25 00:00:00

4)W Nose. Job's Q Secreißry of Berle. md.**esl, agreeably to Ihe desire of Mr. Grahams who , on V. prrc.r....4 .016111 i .111IW additional 1•1 . 19 oratr pap,•r For Ili,. poi pose, IWO of flit. Itoritteirola •^fr,r..l ♦t, trneain iu hi* poiar....ion--Dr. of ilrt [ ' wird Wet %, mare and shr Maaikato of ludrp,udrnte loy the Caugreas at r„r,1111a,1. I h.strr the h.•noor to he. with great respert, Yosir must obedirot Servant, C. A. RODNET. 317. i I, 4 ,sem to she seeresqty ty . Mole. hare nor, iloehonnar to melpitut to !our coneillese. 1 ^•.•. use Repo-, on Ih. subj , ct .4 the late rsto.ion to South rlrl. Inn Is ihr osformat his derived from 11w van -4.0.• ••711 1411 1 1 . 111 u.ypo f-tr IS. I 111.11 an opportunity he nn ..... t Ili.. ads:11111W. %VII', 111. Inoory of the pnulnr.l of the Swinish posies shins in Atli , vet eon .....nt be fusilier. They roar. pi mei pally, if lint reciiv.ivrly, achieved by private navesointcre. Il hen completed, a moo usprersire uyatein of go, renown!, rasheror d. putrvm , wa.. catablislitod by the Parent Cuautry. •1' err tilt. u•ir. motor were strvitally swayer , by Iwo ,into,* 'l•he ohillll.lollll of Sprit.. to Nt.rth Aloft ten. wr•te nod• the r *w.•rt'ua oil of lIIC Viceroy a 'lexlco and all hr► prom• vi...•, to Soot it Americo were sal j el t•, She control of she Vu•rruy of Peru. Talr r erne.% of PIMP parts or the ewouiry riOnl the res .truer of ll.e Vseerwr *1 Lilian, WTIIOOII4 11, ail 1718, lilt elolllllll4aiaßrill of ;mother Viertormlty or Simla Fe de liugoto, in 11w kterth.sw or rirm hr. took. lu 1731, Nt.tr Pr.•wada Wu% •.,Vadell, an I a 111111111/er of lOW provhtcrs ertinp.otiez 11141 I:log.l.mi were Rtraterl firm il. These were pot tottler the .111. 1 -. ll elt of (*.plain General DA Presistelii, *hum watt of trovr..owit to wog et Cameras. lie IMO. Chili stag ereciril into a separate Ciptaiii•Gene ritlvhass; us 1778, • neer Vire-royalty sins established ;It Beeson Ayres, c.iinuseleviiititig all the possess:loos to the rnsl of 111 r tlraleru Cordilleras, sod to the south of the river Mai 9111111. - . ......- ...... Thi. it ..... mom empire sPI.IIII, acenroling to the lards of the littli.., io 114 V• hers. VIM% 111.1111C1 1000.111 Of 11. gill, I 1./ SI/ . and loot to the remelt of Coolie. 1.. obi. light is I. viewed by Baron Humboldt, iu Its. Feats ow Nets Spoilt. W.lll v...... • •litho Aviles nf different, in the rev:illations establiidell in Its. @ tV.1111111 , 1114, 11w r. dames ue their potlii ICA • - I tun. 1(111hII a stroking resemblance, as g. weral ss... no was Ilse vasite Tit..rt, tree was tied to the partial rountry, and to S:iatto.ll vets. eselusiri Iv. They w. reprnhilitled, molt r the p. 110 trade with fon misers. The nabs,. of SPA menu posed lowly of llw•or merchants Though this pa•l of the system h d, pre ly to the revolitt ..... Nero ri boort. m 'astir diver, partirularls by tin' statute of free commerce. as at is styled, the relief WIIi partial, and the re.tricti..ns rwiltloosoeil severe and oppressive. All ;111TC/111 to the Sosiiish settlesto sot. was closed to foreign- Vrvi, and even the inliabitaida of different provinces were rt•slishittel from !ffiercuitrise atilt one another, uultas noisier the .irictest ri w;olatouns. Thr Vll4lllll ussouraetures, that might interfere with those of t4n tin, were not permitted. 'they were prevented, tinder be'V.' ,4 : p mattes, from raisin@ fl ix. hemp, or saffron. 19 climatt a most congenial 111 them, the culture of the grape and the olive was pt..hiltite.l. Ots account of the distance IX P. ra and Chili, and the difficulty of transporting oil and wine In these rt node region*, th..v were peropittil to plant vines and olive., lost were psubibited the minute id 1,... bare°. AI Kelo.llos Ayres, by special indulgence of Ilse Vire lusys. tio. , v were Allowed to contrite grapes and olives, 'overly fu. the s, of the table. 1'1.. 1 er r . essmpelled to proerre from lire Mother Counts y albite* of 11w hr.t wet essay Rod were thus rendered dr. pe ottani on her for the conveuireiceis of life, as well as luau. rtes. 'lle Crown possessed the monopoly of tobacco, salt, and gusipnwder. To these• oppressive recislatious null restriction* was 01.1.1 t II an Minns system of taxation. From the Indians was everted a tribute in the shape of a prdl•lnx, or a certain servitude in rb. I'll' penance of esiltivaiesl tutus was takes, under 111, deism atom of fobs. The atcavala, a tax varying fr two and milt to five per cent on every sale and male of all things movrahls , was rigidly exacted—though, w snide eases, a cuinnintation was allowed. Royal mid Jostle. were laid nu imports, and tin the tonnage, entrance, and clearance of vessels, u.iiler the different appellations of uleni".triNgto, sea, aleatfillit, reran, cossonlado, •rmatla, and arina.li'la. Tn these may lie edited the royal fifths of the p r ecious 'rota's, the most important tax ruin ing Is Besides nil these, there were staiisp lazes, tavern 14'6.1164"N sod sums paid fur the sale of officer, of titles of noh•luty, papal Lnll., tie composition and confirmation of lauds, with a smasher of Mktg* of ast inferior grade. Under the Spanish Issesurchs, who had early obtained from the Pope the ecclesiastical dominion. and thou hail sissinal in 'beer royal persons all civil and relit sae thorny, a must nom s site hierarchy was establi.hesl. with Oil numerous trans 010ffiert And olden, succeeded by the lurpnisifon, The posts of honour and profit, foam the highest to the Wrist, were filled, almost exclusively, by natives of 01.1 Sp ,in. 'l'h.• principal rode of law, thus maintaining the supra. "v., flame distant regions, almost lurked up Amos the rest of the ivoi Id, emanated from the Council of the I .dies, establish' 41 by ilw King, in which 1w was sop. pss., dbp be always ',regent. The Royal Reset toe. tlie receipt. L0b0.... of the Iwbr., and the pettish's., firrnishid Ili. grew. ✓al inks of ; soil risen these wese silent or slutibt tol. r. elltlrAe wan had to the opinions of professousnl men. the- s ) stris was genes:illy executed by the Vie. eaptoilis Grua►•^.l, tend by the Tribunals of Jo.tier, with a Ipirit esorespooding with th.• rigorous policy that produced it To this farm of Government the country had for test. t news sup lid wills ism-lira istwilitncr, and piohably would love commie ii in submit nitwit longer but for the, emits in esinsilly, awl the changes. isi Europe. The ongaciona moots of many able a I less, penetrating inks the Netter., had al &staid stair, a revolution in ?moth America bt fore that at North I lust r•urawenred. h.,. the pe wool of Ilse socve.ofo I termination of our own Messick fur tiolgarnifenre, that of the testi .bitaisto of Ike hoods has be a wilt more confidence foretold ; snd there is reason to bi Isere it has Ist. n hastened by this fortunate event. The coadoet of Spain (baring the war of our revolittiou seas to male a lusting impassion on her colonies. T▪ hil• resin was Ilwie forestial by intelligent politicians ; massy were *lurked that else could be Ms blind to her own interest:. ah. r she tied Mb one sometime manifested the etlrce.zrsl ossapieleile of Paraguay; for b. her acropolis'' , jea. lousy of this power the expulsion of• tbe Jesuits from tires& iroootry, in 1750, is to br nttribu •fh.• nuts Ilval arose Irons the French Revolution, have produced tot Enrope changes of the greatest maguitmle s which b ire had ass immense infligente on 'let alro;rs of South Attie, tea. When Spam joined I sicsimt tlw c t une d Princes, she exposed her distant porssessions to British lion. unsure. •I'he guest naval poem. of England gave her ready .runs to she Allirrlf nit Cololliff Cogssued in an 141 , 111. , 1111 Central, cL • was prompted by her feelings and interest to re•. lobate on Spain the condoct she ettperienced femn her dm. lox the war of our independence. Eneosirsge.l, lwrhrp. , by the commies of her resolute., the first *your). ttttt sof insurree. fun yes the Cosidowntal peosessiums of Spain, were eXhilelltd to Ile year 1707, at Item zisela. These were surceeskil by Orr alb mph, or Miranda isi the mune 'miter, which were a• r..iniviislCll or were rollovers!, Bluer the vasrillating slate of h. Swamis monarchy, by re volutionary n i o r ei n ial i a in Ms-xito.Gr nisi,, Pero, Chili. and Rumour Ayres; and from which mairrely any omit of M. Spanish ilosniurerna iu Awse niea he, entirely rienipi. rfo.re.freo abei ihr "Puy le alio aubstaqiiret in.- fora mal revisal. au alsp pruvlr.rra f La PIMP, Wife she balm pouta "f ilooluala, uttalra- Popham, and lieerdecrol, cco IM Ithana;„ and ala it rt.l•rbtua, a few lasusaabe 'afterwards, by .55, rival (urn, of Mr turn:►). awls► to•utrrta anal Th a w hula. •15. furiumata ty lave to 11w people ..• i.l. a of 'twit M• ff of ...nit§ I and rh• y der, u a loan n ler. is. and Ma wata-tty *lola 111,1 lb. au great leneteenr, IL. $ e sss mit .61.• aUnrk the Unbolt ream fi.•o. White:. tit. The. •.•.• lira d•lr hi ohm* ripases *is rr.loord. by el.e p•itry, thr porter, d 11w sea . f Nap% um. Ihr r wrn•huu art t'u...1.• S. , F.. 11 1 .1 ..1 V. nit :md ti. Scv.s.th i • Kt the rara.elAwt of balm sat firma of Napaeum. were N productive of the moil important results. They threw the king•lom tido the greatest confoision. The alternate sac rr,-••s amid disasters of the French armies produced a new eta an Sprint The people, generally, revolted at the idea of geivrtieil by the brother of Nerd. MI. In WiIOIN he had trmusfrr►ed the crown Juntas ue re redslelesised w h o acted ire the Milne of Ferdinand, thins ronfitied in Frasier. These were: sub-iituted fur the allele-tot Cortes, and the molar council of the nation, to which, in tttt i t ganger, litre • aught to have recurred aerecably to their usages. Cute. flirting authorities produced a distracted state of affairs. In the seems dial emoted, the proper atteut ion was that paid to the American piovtioces. Their conduct to diens was ver satile and inconsistent elwy were lost sight of or eteglecied, until it was tun bite. Conceiving thee were alrenelemeil by the parent silty, they thought it just i;i:ahle to act for ilwmerlirra. It aa► out see) , long lief., the inhabitants of Buenos Ayres, embracing the example of shear breibieu iu Sp Me, established a joints, which assistned the reins of Ge verment, and finally. in the year 1810, sent off the Viceroy Cneee•rrrs, and Ilia pa tocipal adherents. For a summary of i'VESIOI • übseritirut tee this period, omit the Of my ste p:offset, I b.•p leave to re•frr be Ihr °Ohne subjoined (Ap pendix A ), from flee pen of Dr. Fenn e, Juan op, OS at my reiver.t. Watlitiot vouching fur the p. e f.rt accuracy of the <slob, I think, flout dee information re reit...lll, it will probably be fouled to contain, in general, a correct mud ini rlrtial 'belch of tlw prominent Itammclions and occur rences. In vermin:: this interesting, document, I hare to 13 ment , thst its paws are marked with some cases of severity soil cruelly, which seem al I tooletrable fruni great revolit twos. It Isust , however, he consoling to oloirive, that limy apprise to have passes' Ihr„agb the state which might pos sibly have rendered 'memoir's steerssary, and 1.. have an pu•rhsps, at that stage, when, the 1111110;:4111,1 lat.C..llllll‘ less turbots -Ist, soul the people more culiglitene a milder system nosy be tap:tied to prevail. Their dissent have isrodored must of their calamities Ise such seasons they were naturally to he expeeteul. litut their disputes have been principally healed by the prodemt soul etsertt-lic °season , of the Couvess, whirls cvisinsessetsl its sittings in Toenail:us in the year Isls, and adjourn...l in the ye:is Billowing from thence to Ho.uas Ayres, *hue it re m:se:col il, Pnl•••of ~,,, occupies' a Olt the task of forming a per marmot l'onsiitutiosi. This respectable body, besides as a COUVCiIIi ~,,, ur a Constituent Assembly, exercises tem porarily legislative powers. Their sittings are public., wilts a gallery of audience, for riturros and strangers. The dr. hates a,e frequently inters cos:, sibs' tire conducted with abi lity and deco/ton; they are published every month for the isiformri ion of the people.. The dispute with Ariigas, the Chief of the Orientals, has not Ise, n adjusied. This, with a cesl3llll jealousy of the su periornee a the yof Buenos Ayres on the general slims, of the Provinces; the conduct of the G ,vernment of Hurons Ayres towards the Poringese, and the high tarif f of duties, whirls I nod. sal a 11.1 have been since reduced, 'tr iteness' to coosiititte the p,iucipal causes of disafTeciion at the time of my departure. The I.lerlaration by Congress of that independence which they had fur many yeass previously mrissiaosesl, us fact, was s sue ssure of the highest important..., and has been produc tive of an unanimity Loot derision before urknown. This summit of their wishes was only to lie reached by slow sod gradual progress. The politic niiiid had to he dismissed on the subject by their pulpits, their presses, soul their polutir orations. The people. wese to be prepared for the evs it. Mom the season arrived, they tut the knot which could not be untied The IN:daemon, of Independence MAP adopt. est in the Direttorship of Slr. Prieysreeluir, on the 9th slay of /illy, 11416. It was succeeded by an able expositiou of the e.ssises that extorted it, to justify, in their fellow-citizens awl to the world, the measure they had deliberately voted to sums.. i with their follow.. and their lives, _ Believing the latter paper might he thought worthy of p►rusal, a trims! ha. been annexed (Appendix 11.) The -alii ary influence of this bold ■nd derisive step, was ■t oisre telt shrosighout the comitry. It give new life and strength to the patriotic came, and stability Si, the Govern iit. The ♦ictories of Chas-Amos and \1:u1 n, achieved by the arms of Chili and Bunllll. Ayres. have produced aisil colitis mei! a similar declaim ti of independence by the peo ple of chili, whirl, is also annexed (Appendix I • ), and re intuited the coo dial ,,,,, existing bet wetii the Confederate States The consequence has been, that, within these ex trusive ts enemies, there is scam ly the vemige of a royal arsny to be Mond, except on the borders of Ps ru. Having in connexion with the succinct accurint riven by Dr. Eons, traced the !officinal events, siucr the Km Mourn in Butanes Ayres, I shall proceed to slate the re sult of the inhumation seemed, acnmrdinr to the best opi nion I could form of the extent, population, Goverullirnt and risourres ut the roiled Provinces, with their pruduc tinon, imports and exports, trade and ro:nmerre. The lair Vier-royalty of Risenos Ayres, of which that city was Ile• metropolis, was by massy conridereil the largest, as well as the mum valuable of all the Spanish dominions in South America. tXll.ll.llllg 111 a direct line, hum its north to sin soush b lacy. a distance of more than two ihousaisd miles; and from its eastern to its western not less Mau ele ven hundred. It USr compwed„ at the commencement of the Rom lion, of the mile pros litres, ur intendencies iug : Buenos Ayres, Paraguay, Cordova, Salta, Potosi, La Plata, COCII3INIIHII, Li Pas, and Pim°. AVatere,l by the great riser Is Plata awl its numerona Sri_ hiatus v ,•breams, which afford au easy communication with emintries of our i 11111 l tome extent, mail famishing an easy LC.. CeSS le the t of Sunlit America, is has always been regarded by Spain as one of her t per ' acquisitions. Enjoying every vainly of Cll/1131C Its he found Itetween V. r. nt and distant Iltitioles, and bless►d with a large portion of fertile met, it is capable of producing all that IS 11l be found in the Tetuptrale or Torrid Zones, Immense herds of cattle istasi horses graze tin Its extcs,ssve plains, mot consti tute at this lime their pfiUCIIISISMISTe 01 wealth. The mines of Potosi are ales i/111111.1ell ailhin its boundaries. There are too woods for a eery ruoside table di►tance Cr I:orlon Ayres. No fur. st trees are tu tar seen on Ilse a idely•exteuiled Pam pas, exi rid at intervals a solitary imbue. After passing the s daub blo, in a belly direction , the winos begin, and prow. 1,11117. 111 11.4, 1 111011. provinces, the bills appear, soul tains rise iu success 1111 l , iuleispe►uesl with wallies. Ois the rail aisle of the s leers La Plata and Parana, the country is amil to ht very foie The Eatre Hies is repres,iiteil MO Cs. pehle of helot ittaile a garden spot ; and the Salida Oriental pre relit Mill. audda lea, rich bottoms, doe streams of sod et a distance from the great river, on the hanks of the smaller streau.l. some excellent stroillaml. Between Mal &finds sad Mende Video, the east ridge of the Cordilleras Nvminatra ant the river 1.. Plata. Siwee the Revolntiou, live wore provinces have been erected, soaking in all ti within the limit. of she ancient Vice royalty, via. Turanian, taken from Salta ; Mendoza o r Cum taken how Condos; Cos Writes. Notre Rion, cons in 'nog the country between the Ca ninny and the Pa►ana, and the &lAA (borstal, ur collects shore of the river la Plats. The tau last were taken front the province of Buenos Ayres, which was tins orsloseed to the territory un the south side of that river. The subordinate divisions of the tossertry, with the principal town., sill be Count in the Ap pendix to Shia Wrote, with an amount of she produce or atarinfortures of the difi rent dislriti..—(.4ppendis D.) Of Sh► Netnews provinces into which the ancient vice. novelty is now dishiest, eve were, at my derails:re, • ocrupird by the rnysl fortes which, in consequence of she victory of Dlaytu , wore PXII4 coed won to retrial to Lower Peru), or partialiy ander sheii iothience, sir. Potosi, IA • Coehabantha, la Pas, and Pilaw ; the line follow leg independent de Ado of Spain, acre in the possession of the Pats luta, viz HIII 111. A yr..% Paraguray, nentlusa, Salta, Corients 4, Entre l4om, clot Banda Oriental. But Paraguay sad Vse city uf Santa re act indeiwudent of Piteous Ayres, Omagh Paraguay is not on unfriendly term, with than. and it is hoped by some will before Nog join the Ulli4lll. Entre Rips awl she Banda (►ri. mat. timkT general Anises, in the character of the thief's"( the °rictus's, are in a state of hos tility with Ruvuma A pm Monte Video, the capital of the Eastern shore, as, area pies! by a Poringrotae army, and a ►quarlrutt of •hips of war fount Itriril blockaded the ports of and Matthias, and prohibled the eritrauce of neutral veserlv, urlesr they pail them the saint dillies un their eargurgr tbat thr y were charct.l tor the importat►uu of the goods when lamb d in the cuuntly I Tiw . territugut the United Proviuees is computed to eon. , fain one hundred and fifty thousand square !eaglets', tlionol ' it probably exceeds that q u antity. ''be lands occupied in the country, remote from the cities, arc Crilernlly converted by their ineuers into eutitiiisis,ur large grazing forma for Cal . tie, and Cliatl'4ll or growing grain. The small farms or mein ' lea, in the neighboorliewil of cities, are in fine order. Those oriented Pornies Ayres, whirls fornish their market aOh all ample supply of ft nit tend vegetables, ale, by irrigatiole, :is die highest stew of culture The popolatioes, exclusive of the 'wham., is now valets latest at l one enellem s three hundred II iiiii sand ; Ina, addl.:: the civilized Indians seedy, who are of great 'input tiowe, it ovoid in all probaleelity steered two methanol. 'Flee whole popolan iiii cousins of natives of 014 Spain, and their ileaceiwiiiits, lions in the country, etc, as they at y-le I Inemselves, South Americans; of Indians civilized, or on. reclainit..l, wish defiers-in " casts," Or mixed blood ;of A fii cans, and 'hew descestilasits, or negroes cud enitlanues. I could nest ascertain, with t•allSraell iii i the population iii the different pi 'WI tires: the province of Keeton At sa-.4 con. tains about mac hundred and twenty thousand, whilst the I,OIIIIIAI 44444 of Enter Rios and Banda Oriental is computed at filly amino.' Tlw city of humus Ayres contains n population of aisty 'twosome!. 'Fite inhabitant• of this place appear to lee amiable, and au interesting people. ''hey are conaidered brave and liiimasee ; possessing intelligence, capable of great exertions and reseverniece, and manifesting a elicit - fill devotion to the mese of freetleem and independence. 'There is also a eel-tans mediocrity and equality of foctune prevailing among them, extremely favourable to • union of the popular at test ment iii support of air commis weal.— Ala ny industrious mechanic,. and i sileeprising merchants are, however, isocceasing their estates, and adding to the dock of capital in the country. Tlie people of she nominee of Buenos Ayres, ',Siding out of the city, art', generally speaking, pour, sod rather nicks. • lent ; though it hardy race, acid when excised to action, ) hey become x' dews d fenders , if the liberties of thew coo ry. They are cipahle of greet improvement, and, under n the in fioece of a good exampl e . wh en a c h ange l a k es pl ace in their !whits mid enanner of living, they bid fair to become upefut and inthistrion. iii izens. The itiliabitants of Cordova are said to be more stipelxli thin., and inure iiitlievecions, but leas patriotic. This is principally ancilosteil to the loss of the trade with Peru, oc.. cast 1111 l al by the revolutionary war. • Tucuman, I wall informed, possessed an excellent pepu. eat gun. The people of Mendoza, or Cupo, are moral, indult:lona and patriotic. They have sacrificed largely at do- shrene of independence nvo' nog ash zee' and confidence the cans, of their COMMIE"; whilst the r tizetio ot Santa Fr are reieceseni.d, as immoral and losiipordiaate, awl manifest. lug, On must occasions, on extreme jealousy of their neigh bour,. The population of Entre Rios and Rands Well I Is per haps not inferior to valour to that of li.legios Ay Nor is it d !enrol sic seeilitars : kill, part:roils-1y in cart ag on a part ass, warfare, for *Snell its trout. are admirably adapted. 'floor other good quatties have twee, pi coati!). Sallit't hat im paired by the system puestied in that qii.i . ler, elects they have been compelled to give up every thine ; like civil Moira limio, and to coot issue sic:bout airy regular kiitti of Govern ment, Ulla!" the absolute control of a Chief, who, whatever nay be his political principle% or professions, iu practice concentrates all power, legislative, judicial, and executive, ill himself. 'Flee General Congress of the United Peuviinses, assembled at Purists Ayres, ices the 3.1 of December, ref 1517, establish ed, by a iiri.visiiiiii4l motor, a temporary form of Govern. meal, witch will lee found in Appendix marked F.. This Congress is comps ised of deputies fcain die different ppivinces. It actually vuusists of twenty-six mainivers. But, as a representative is allowed fur every fifteen thousand eitizena, it would be numerous,, if all the proviuces had sent delegates in that ratio of population. With some exceptions, and particularly of that pallidium of our rights, which is unknown to the civil law, the trial ley jury, the pro% metal cunt:motion will be found, vu an attentive perusal, to contain 14 distinct recto:lntim' of many of the vital principles of free government A church esta blishment Aso, lbat of the Catholic faith, is contrary 1111 our ideas of religious fiseedoni; il gls a measure, adopted from necessity, perhaps, by them. It declares, that all power, legislative, judicial, and ex ecutive, resides in the nation. The Congress are to he chosen by electors, who are to be voted for by the people in I the primary assemblies. The cabibloa, or municipalities, are to be elected immediately by the citizens. It recognizes the independence of the judiciary, and declares the tenure of office, wills respect to the superior judges, to be during good behaviour. It provides fur dee election of a Chief Ma , gistrate by Congress, removeshle when they choose to ap. point a successor, and responsible fur the executiou of the ditties of his office, which are defined and limited. In the oath of office, he is owuni to preserve the iiitegrity mud nide pendenee of the country. The three peat departments of State, of the Trrasnry, and of War, air distinctly marked out, and their respective powers and duties ',signed. On some subje, Is it eaters more into detail than is usual with us, particularly sic those of their army, navy, and militia. But this, perhaps, its their situation, was nee ovary. It provides that nu citizen shall accept a title of nobility, without forfeiting the character of citizenship. It provides, also, against general warranta, and the arrest of individuals, unless on probable proof of guilt. It contains a salutary provision, that a Judge leaving ori ginal jurisdicti 111 l , before taking cognizance Of the cause, shall use all possible means of reconciling the parties. This c.oustitiitiou is but temporary. The Congress are engaged in the task of forming a permanent .. Its the meats time, no alteration ran lie mode in the present, unless with the con. sent of two-thirds of the !Members. In this manner IMAM •Iterations have been adopted. The subject of a permanent Constitution was bells , e a Committee of sixteen Alenebeis of Congress. There was a difference of opinion prevailing among them on the point of a confederated or a consolidated Government• lithe, should adopt ilea former, they will frame the Constantion in all probability, nearly after the model of that of the United States. Sleonlil they decide on the latter, it is highly pro bable they WIN Illttlfralfall• the lending &attires of our Ilyalani into their form of Government. 'they stein to colicur in the propte.ition to have a Chief MagiStflir elected for a lrrm of yeses, and a Representative Legislature, to consist of two branches. A Senate, to coustituts the most permanent hotly, sad a House of Represeolatives, whose term of service shall be of 'hotter duration Perhaps it would he better for them to delay the corn pie lion of this all-importaui task, after else example of the Unlit." States, until a period of peace. Their pretest pro visional statute is au improvement -.1" thine wheel, peter, rd it ; avid we may expect their proposed Constitution will he still more perfect, as they advance in the knowledge of those principles on vrhich Republican (.overnnaeots are consti tuted. Rut, however free 'in theory this provisional statute may be, it is undoubtedly tine, that oldest' administered agree ably to its letter and @pint, it will not afford security to she citizen. Whether any infractions heave occurred since she dose of its existence, I cannot pretend to determine., nut be. iag in full possession of the facts. Wisest we recollect that they have the benefit of our example, it may reasonably be txpeeted that they will its general, adhere to die Celestite:in 0000 . They have also Idle fatal result of the French Itevuluti 1111 l wattling them of die dangers of its ewe... ev, of wheels they appear to be sensible. The product' and the Inn on fact tires of the di friTelll Inn- Wil/ITS, will be li.und in Appendix I); Ind I was Illettill. i.e procure any satisfactory e neonates of the probable valor or amount in etch prorincy. There 1., however. tunaidernlile in teriml trade corried on in the ititerchallgeof various articles between thr several provinces ; conic, horses, and mules, furnish a considerable source of barter; wills the latter, Peru is supplied; the Paraguay tea is a great sinew of trade tbronghwit dictionary. The !wooly, oracle, rai.iii,, mot figs of Nlendt.z.l. and Snit Joan, urn be-comiteg insportasa : the bides of oat 11, file Ain, of the vacrion and glalEten, Irlds a iiiiiiibee of fine fuer, iiliorel valuable orioles of exci.ange. These, wish die fin rig', goods I ragi.p..tro to every direr felon Buenos Ayres, very tapitily, by oxen and molt s, which also fitruidi she means ot eal quo( their native- po..itictions to their sea.poris, f.,, ITI a Lonneh c• trash of git-os Illil4lllll.ldC, cuil.ndrill., Ilit ilo•lalk,Ilin Of ast 1,1141111 Their extorts are caktilotitl, it itle b...1•C degree of atty. ▪ at tell of J u lia n , Their conet.i, principally. ui ux links, ju k beer , and 11111011, Ihe preurni greet Hari, 4 ur the c nuiln. A clio:g.ly of Gin and pi: ll, Jc% pun" . +alp. 1111.4 i ly bniuelri Alms Chili, with bilrrr to Im . lll et,,l , 0111, I lmtly hone 11w mime. ipf. The losiirtirl• air culnpNWd kr be &bunt MINA I. their ea- INi.la. 8.8.11ii1l iii:tins(ai . lyrra form lbe principal. In:IAN they are in In. 1,41 in nhu nJwni v. They cOOl4Oll uP 1100111i1 Anil COI Wit rood* i.t . err) alcpriiplius.sinne ui them wrought to initiate the miititaarteireo .( the cusiniiy—insiienourery, etillei Y. hardware, a id.lli 17. hits, putter, ale, sail rberiie, are union_ 'Tn. mein: in skiff. Fr its. I ' 'Well state' the" riveire lumber of all kinds, and lora:taw of every demtriptiou , _coach.% tool rarriati, of all .ore.; 1111 AO, MaCkere, 1.16.141. *WI hi . nring ; 11 . 0 fil.f, t e h , ) , 114 all , ' ii, ~, : der and sonstition . Gli a sr. and ....11 store,, shin-, and 1., particularly ilium. eats 01i4.10' fur navy or for p Sieves. I' Brazils the terree ',tzar, cud Tee, collosi, and rani. Flout the north Forope th ey restive t drid stud iron; and funin Fla 111 ea I inlier of alludes of its insealefaitiore. Then for. INN OJT/A.l re k pi itsciplly earned stn by Ilri fiAls rainfall...lk though these sure *MI* Ainerirao,.. a few French and Wilier foreign merchants, alto 'wet!. .1 :ii Buenos Ayers ; they ant all placed, I believe, iiii the saute I,luting of equality. Vt. Rudotyje Report to beentlineted FROM OUR CORREarONDENT. Washington, November It. 11Tei.srs. Lawn anti HALI.-11 ii tausivistuoil that ihe Pre. pj,lo-10 1,4., offlitiert the Spanish Government, that Pelisses& mail uther oath. of Ea , ' Florida will In now 11.1•101 ed; that it is expected 16i r will•ubserve Ili. Treaty, 111t.i present injury to os from the Isidi• yo in their teiritory; end ilirt, in cot se Sr. obliged, in arlf 1 eel ion, t o le t a k e oily Pall or th e a h o l e of Florid:3,ot will n againrestorril Iti I bat Governistrisl. If is also said, that tigress trill hr sake., to protride by law i ttw t'uv this stair of ti iga It germs to be time that our relay limo atilt Spain 0 1 . 41 hr pot 4.H11 s. 11:, cromid tending to a pointy From the n restlessur as of Stir Indians, and the imiwgility of the tiaras, our military nom may expert emtelluty at nutat nt period. ''t 1 ..... ' .'!, niEIG TELLIGEIVCE. • ARIS • PARIS, DECEMBER The King is pelt hotter this day. After Mass, which his NJ • , rd in his apartment•, he trout acted busiu 4 Duke of C lusted by the Chuinher of 1• Petqlo re . rojoi:t of an Aildrew• to ti,,. K lug coot ' sours yesterday. They us!! p rest s,4 it tus • .ber in the next Sitting, which is 61144 for t. A .11. CH A Or rwrunrs. rils 'CY OF M. RAVI 7. SI 14411‘ OF 01..CESIIIER 19. Ai the follow. the lffectiori of we vanquished oil' the world, more to desire : security of the efforts therie final Sew the legiti motif wows poi. spirit ill the public re:his, with firmness , shunld never ties, and, I shall explaiiiiii: my inspired or with - . kith the Knit preside at your deli- The Pretitlent of the sitting with itig Speech ' • " Gle.'4ll, Wlsiltirri of the King, It big peopl he Chambers, hay, ... , . the in' , fi• be 'e ry. In peace wi Fn ..... f her pa pi , has nothing n lima , ' .- . •oii of se, sod the f i is , ftss6 . 4 iserrileet• s , nommon effor wf saki, , 'ir• , - To confir ronc, - -vi 4 . pert the ins by I . C ' . . . . dispositions for the . lability of our 1 11, 4 fiibe enainteist , rtent e lillathiles; to place ' Ind caniraggi:lllo , owls which licentiousness he permitted irit,..—.ocl. are our duties ea such asiltur oughts, such our wishes. " You wit rretriki me, Gentlemen, in thus e sentiments by yonis. Your suffrages hate ism; Ibis confidence. They prepared the honour wl has conferred on me, by calling me to preside beralions. " I do not conceal from myself, Gentlemen, the difficulty of an undertaking so ably performed by the Honourable Colleage whom I succeed, and who, treadin7, in the steps of his illustrious predecessors, has pointed out models for me to imitate, iu a career wherein, tl gh not inheriting their talents, I shall at least collect lessons from their experience. " Already have they apprised me that to cause the inter nal laws to be observed, which the Chamber has imposed, I should in myself give an example of the snhu;ission those laws exact.to maintain with impartiality the order that dis tinguishessta r discussions, and that liberty of opinion whit in respecting persons secures the triumph of triith " Faithful tu these principles, I shall seek the other rules of my conduct in the wishes of the Chamber, and I dare hope that its kindness, and my exertions to &serer it, will be the first bond of that perfect union which should trigu swung ■s fur the happiness of Frenchmen." This Address was ordered to he printed, and the Thanks of the Chamber were coted to M. Angles, Dean of the Chamber. who, previous to the *lec ture' of M. Ravez, performed the duty of President d'age. DECEIII3ER The King heard MRSa yesterday in his apart ment. The pains he experienced some days in his knees are alleviated. Last night was better than the preceding, and his Majesty's sleet► web quite unbroken. Yr-literary afternoon him Excellency Salieh-Gon. lora Minden, an !whim Prime, Veltil or Delegate of hi. Highness the Nabob of Beditore, appeared at the bour of Madame the Duchess of Seritit and of NI. the Duke de I),ittiae. Public trosiipiillity is etlectuidly restored ot Con stinititiople, Where thert retilitlll Ito trares o f II le agi tation that previiileil daring the entire autumn among the Jaiwaries. The wo:e ott-toturrs rig I o ii t r d by Int Growl Seignior. mot tile iii . tl:tt principal cotntmenders of these troops, have exer. cooed% beneficial influence un the toditartoott'e of public order. incFme:::a I. The fnllowing is an account it !lir ships ofX.sr now armed for the expedition to A mesicii. They Nre wider the mina and ul Brig.ofter I)on Francisco Moirllo, N good officer, who jowl to the experience an 1 wisdom of old age, all the energy of a young mon : MON te wer of 74 !tots—The Ferdinand VII. the F.itgle of the North, the t stheck, she Aletand.r. These f.ittr ..hips (wne.. part of the ignailron purchased ‘14.111 ROISPiA. Frigeler--I.a Preterit, Le Mercurio, a.. I I Idgens, 44 tees each i u Protits, l.a Vies,.it 3 gm... Emil. Thy twit ta.t or thew triptr, tiny (vine from Correllet—l.a Fattta, 24 elms ; Le I) ianothi, 20 gums. ilrigehaitie—La ILrna, la 'flaw lieet tell be augnielittil by FOIIIC !kir* and Wig:it:fitter, and by 24-grn trains. I'o l ruives will be ruulUlru d r d by Cie Spam Doti JtAr Prim:, Riven,. As for the espethemarry moor, it is still 'y r I Bolt it still be composed of IS,Uiui neo, of at. It sill be coomiatitirti by Could Ile l'Ainslist, •1 4 , > is spisolutecf Viceroy of Buenos Ayres, sod %h.', at IV said, will preserve the Govcronsettt Cd.: Nfl A i1d4111642. It is impossible t.. sentiun tilt , no, for the departure of the eikpeiliiion—sitialiy ohettele4 , end to retard 'the troika, of which the want of motley is out the legit. MADRID, DRCSMIIFIt It appears that the escort of the galleyoloirs %11 , 1 were led in chains to Girlie. and ceute,, of which We hn►ee. already epithets, did Lot consist of ,nacre than twenty infantry cud s , xteen cavalry. II 14i attacked by fifty mew on horseback, and is iv .1' not 'mid after 011 aetto►t, in whin', soveril soldier* of be escort were slain, that some of thr 46.44-e slates were rescued. It is dungeos* h► troy. i without a goord in La blat►chn a n d Antl4ltioio, in this hitter province it is neee•sary to re cto the couriers by thirty men. A numerous party of banditti 'presented threavelves s o me days •••1 five .at the Irmo of °citrus, *bout ten leagues from iledsid, where they exacted contributios, end communed many cameleer. A .Royal notice of the Conneil of Finance, is.. sued on the 10th ult. submits the pampurts of all isulividuals, whether natives or foreigners. who enter or depart Spun', to e tax of 40 realm (S•. 414, — Foreigners way travel in• Spain, mud trove lice kingdom with paroports from their Ainbotsethirs or Coesule-General ; but they will lie liable t.. ply the el►uve tax for the rises of she Minister of St Besides tlw ilidicatimis which have hitherto h•reu mentioned in their pw*pu►ts, they Inuit stow co tato the motives of their journey. CIMIPTVAS DAY,—iiutioiay at all the rehlic Ilt6ct• I'lll4. Bit iTI S 1 ;. Pkt 14... S S. LONDON, FRIDAY, DEcnisart 25, JBlB. We have received New York Papers to the 9.801 last. They contain the Report of Mr. Roost:v. oue of the (7ommissioners•appointed to repair to Buenos Aires, and examine the condition of that Gorertitnent, with a view to cletersuiiieng what rela tions should be established between it and the (hilted States. This Report is the first of the series of documents accompanying the PREtiIDEST . S Message to Congress. We give the gre..ter pint of this interesting and extrusive article this day. It commences with the first acquisition of South America by Spain, and represents the present Revolution as the necessary consequence, long since predicted, or her unjust, oppttssive, and devout: Co•ieriiment, but facilitated and ex pedited by the recent events in Europe, uml the variable and inconsistent conduct of Spain towards the American Provinces, whose interests were neglected or lost sight of until too lay. It recommends no specific policy to he pursued by the United States nod Govrionient, but goes nu to inesition, that the British Government had, through its official agent, entered into commercial teguls tions with General A RTIGSS Oit the stihject of trade with the Enstrrn shore. A copy of the official iii strument is referred to us forming pout of the Ap pendix. It adds, " has a Consul who, with her Naval Commander oil that station, appears it to conduct the confidential alfoirs of the British Cabinet with the Government of Buenos Ayres." The New Yurk Papers contain the proceedings in Congress up to the relating chiefly to the dispatch of routine bushiess, and the oppointaient of Committees, to which ditlereid parts of the PRES,. DENT'S Speech ate referred. A Bill had been reported, to estahli , h a uniform systein of bankruptcy throughout the United States. A Resolution, also, had bean carried, rrquesiii:er the PRESIDENT to communicate such information as might be in his possession, touching the execution of so much of the first Article of the late Treaty of Pei.ce between Ins BRITANNIC MAJESTY seal the United States Government, as related to the restitution of slaves. The persons employed to survey and fia the northern boundary Of thi United Stater, have finished their labours on the St. Lawrence and its Islands, and have nriiiard at Lewistown for the pur pose of surveying the Niagara River. In our last number we prevented to our reader► a summary view of the PRESIDENT'S Alr,sige to the Congress of the United States of America, hut a complete copy of it will be found in another part of this Paper. Tie picture it offers of the increasing power and magnitude of th .t great Is: an eminently flattering proof of the wis dom in which the political institutions that hind tilt . Slates ill one body were originally conceived. and cf the vigour and moderation with which they have been uniforualy administered. Another State, that of the Illinois, has been nailed to the Union, ine, if we mistake not, the entire number of the States to twenty-one. This new State contains s o area of 33,000 square miles, being cousidtrub:y or. v•