The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1824-04-19 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICA. (From tho ihmepshire TekgropeLl FINE ARTS. THE FIRST EXHIBITION OF THE SOCIETY OF ENO 'ASH ARTISTS. SUFFOLK-ITIEKT, PALL-MALL, UST. The following is an inteiest'n! extract from a letter which we bare received from our Correspondent at Callao: -- it is six weeks later date than his communication contained! An inextinguishable emulation is the true characteristic i n our paper of the 22d ult. We need only add, that the of genius, and this emulation cannot be more effectively eatimenu of the letter are those of a navel officer em- milled forth than by giving it every means of contending; ployed on the station : fur the prize of public favour. It is under this conviction " Callao. Dec. 12,1023. : that we hail the present new Imititutioo—en Institution I send this by a mere chance opportunity--a vessel bound to not set on toot in the spirit of hostility, but arising out of I Ries i and as there is nothing new here of importance, I shall only circtunstancos which have lon g rer.dered it indis ble, ow e you a few hasty lino, just as the thoughts occur to me mind. Nail the different persons, during the protracted stroggle l'or nide. Ifni have at length led to its completion. The rooms at d e nce, that have been placed at the head of the Government of Somerset House have too long discredited o ur n a ti ona l ePru, his Excellency General Rohrer, the Libertador, is gene- • rank, and dishonoured our national taste. Foreigners ae on, acknowledged to be the best calculated to conduct the affairs I custained to the magnificent galleries which are the 1 if t h e r epublic. He possesses many advantsges over others, equally , denositcries of painting and sculpture abroad, have be is kis general acquaintance with the fundamental principles of a /ues Matinee] government, and his abilities as a military comma n d- ! held with astonishment a house-full /of paintings, form- er. His Excellency appears to be c hars c ee v iaA by a spirit of ever- ing an annual exhibition of the works of the first Artists I gland undeviating perseverance that will overcome evety obstacle.' in the first City in the world, and found themselves & a w es , there is a boldness in all his measures, and an integrity of ' obliged to follow the foremost visitors up a tedious stair- I coodact iti his proceedings, that cannot fail to subdue party feelings I case from t h e ground- fl our to the attics, and to con-1 an d prejudices, and perfecdy to unite the Peruvians of every clan • an d condition. ' Indeed , the Libertador (deliverer), I have every i template , in it -contrived and crowded rooms, all the I reroeto hope, will renve to be the deliverer of the Peruvian em- i specimens of British Art, to which, " cooped up and I pin, by ultimately establishing its independence upon a firm, wise, cebintsl in "as they were, the directors could afford admission. ad liberal ba...i.. The government of the republic is yet in a very I tt The Rov AI. Academy," from its very title, raises an ex imperfect, and, lam sorry to add, impure state. I have lately wit- I pectation which renders this disappointment snore intense. nessed an instaece that justifies me in the assertion ; and sonic time . if not magnificence, at least accommodation. must elapse before things can be so well organised as to lead to a' lit promises , detection of corrupt proceedings , and to check then, effectually is What must an admirer of the arts, fresh from the Louvas the cominamment. flowerer, upon the whole, affiits begin to! and the Le me m seseito, think of the half-dozen rooms, all eseume a consistency that will soon give them a very favourable as- of them of dwelling-house dimensions, assigned to the pee', and especially since the discovery of Riva Aguera's Jelin -I rA u. NGLISH SCHOOL or PAINTING and SCULPTIII(I.? What quency. lam two sufficiently acquainted with the circumstances I to ha with the guilt of Rive Agues to • po wi ve op t. , ardent love of fame , which generates Ti ri ANA and SAL connectedniaoupeo the subject in regard to the extent if his crime ; bat. as IvAT 0 as —what excitement can it receive, where so little far as my knowledge of the facts goes, I do not hesitate to say, 1 account is made of its exertions, and where the best per that he has committed a gross departure from duty, at a period formances of the best artist may be rejected from the want when the republic required his best exertions in its favour. Vari „„„,, lof patrona , v or excluded from the want of room ? All earn opinions are at present held as to his intentions, so far as to assert, that he had a design of secriffeing the sn ~,W , h ., '"e a j il this called loudly f lu r medy and " 7'he Soctevir or . e , the parkas to 'heavily. Hooch was his pu mose (and which I Buetrisu Aerial. . " have accordingly erected an extensive am Inclined to believe), he should certainly suffer lb. extreme p.- I Gallery, wsetby of themselves and creditable to the country. nishment 4 the forfeiture of bia life. My senedu lhe -giving ere. !It consists of a snit of six rooms, and is executed by Mr. dance to this report is, that, upon the elevation of Bolivar to the , Nash, from the designs of Mr. Elmes. The entrance is supreme authority, he manifested a strong disposition of jealousy, C and has since been guilty of treasonable practices by pursuing a by a handsome Doric file/tile ; the rooms are excellently correspondence with the Royalism We understand that he has adapted to their purpose ; the pictures are placed well be many adherents at Lima, who are firmly attached to him, as well fore the eye, and the extent of the walls admits of their as partisans in other parts of Peru ; but there is no apprehension being arranged to advantage • for, being well proportioned that he will be able to do fur th er mischief . His late disaffection throu g hout, the light is distributed with the best effect. has already done considerable injury to therepubßmin cause, by subverting the original plane that the illustrious park*, Bolivar, This Gallery is open to the reception of the works of all bad !vaned for the operation of the next campaign ; sod it will un. living artists, in the various branches of painting in deubtedly be the cause of protracting the war to a period beyoed oil and water colours, sculpture, architecture, and engrav that in which, a few weeks since, it was hoped it mold terminate. ing. This is as it should be. In an exhibition of the There are many pastes even now, who vainly expect that the fine arts the principle of exclusive preference is not illi- Spaniards will again gain the ascendancy ; but, I am permuted, t *at the time is not very remote when Peru will be completely bend oniy, but impolitic : it begets a spirit of hostile coni emancipated, and Great Britain will find it expedient to recognise petition, and creates a counteractive jealousy, in both this country as independent of European control, in order to secure to their progress and to their patronage. The arts are its commercial privtlmes. lam aware that, at present, sound poll- all of 0n..! family, and must flourish or full together. The tical mesons exist against the /brawl recognition; but I think it would not be wise to be too tardy in acknowledging it. improvement of the public taste occasions an increasing de " It is confidently reported that Admiral Guise (formerly a COM. mend for whatever attracts it ; and the more objects that are mender in the British service), who lately sailed from Arica with offered to its excitement, the greater will be the wealth ex. an expedition, had as intention of supporting the cause of Rica pendeel in obtaining them. The art of painting has ad-, Aguera ; but I presume that he must now abandon every hope of vanced with rapid strides in this country within these bat mating that General in accomplishing his designs. That Admi- twenty years. We need no stronger pool of this than is ral has declared the coast from 8 deg. to 23 deg. South, to be in a • state of blockade. Bolivar and his forces are on their march from contained in the works to be found in the present gallery. Truxillo i and I.ima is, in consequence, considered to be safe from We have many artists amongst them whose productions any incursions that the Royalists may be disposed to make on it, would not suff e r by a co m parison with the most celebrated although some time must elapse before his Excellency can bring his of any other country. In the department of historic paint troops up. It is likely that the ensuinryear will be the most eventful crisis during the whole Revolution ; for the Libenador seems de- "ft .. . i"^! we are inferior to the French school. This cannot be termined to surmount the common obstructions that have usually In ' d epartment alone •and 'f - denied. But it is this , our in e impeded the operations of the army. The late Supreme Director of riority here may be accounted for: the French students are Chili, O'Higgins, is raiding in the city of Lima ; an d I understand surrounded, in this branchief the art, with treasures which that be stilt r..xitins the rank of Captain-General of Peru, as well the world cannot equal. They have constant and ready as that of Chili. The General speaks the English language tole feebly well, and possesses all the manners and ideas of an English man.lest I could not fail to remark, that in his house the females museum of sculpture rich with the g!ef diravres of Greece (his mother and sister) were employed in the usual domestic occu- and Rome, and this with every faillffity of accommodation potions customary for females to do in England ; the only instance which the liberality of Clovarnment can bestow. The artist of the kind I have witnessed in Lima, (*indeed in any foreign may here exercise his genius perpetually, "en ineitard country. San Martin resides at 31endosa, but we seldom hear any thing of him. I should have mentioned that It is not improbable t he -ont.nent, l'alwille et faisust sos p g s de tort." On V i that O'Higgins may be again called to the head of the Government moreover, the art of dip... made auxiliary to the pur of Chili ; but I have heard him declare that he would acce pt o f n o poses of religion: the wag ng records of sacred his other authority than one in a military capacity ; and, on the tenni- tory are transferred to the Canvas, and appeal, in the deco ration of the contest, he would then retire to private life. The ration nof their chur to the devotional feelings of the Government of Buenos Ayres appears to hare acted an invi.. This* is t bat awakened all that enthusiasm dious part. They have requested permission for their troops to pass pro through Chili in their way home ; but the fact is , there are no of t he art which we • this country do not feel, and has i t troops here belonging to them. AU the boasted acts that that Go- called forth that se of conception which we cannot aronient is said to have afforded in the geseval struggle, have equal. When Eng - • shall follow the same example, it proved to be of the most trifling irnotte. will lead to the mine Magic. We Uwe pai n capable The Blossom 2U ' a l ,r is ha 4his ww " iwe iwitalle • o f eo nteulinc ter the prize with the best painters of modern fee Valpandio, Rio England. be had upwards of two mil- -, ' -, lions of dollars on beard when she sailed from Callao, sod it is ex- 1 1. 1 1, were tar" ta l ents emPloYea In do same field of ex- Fated she will get a considerable quantity at Valparaiso. The ertion, and their genius stimulated by the same prospect of Tartar, 48, Captain T. Brown teellies same I. the Pacific ), is ly- rewar d. fug at this pace. The Amen', 46, Captain H. Prescott, is at San England has now reached that advanced state of refine liks YID , e will not leave the Nettie before the end of July next. . The lB, Captain Alain. is stationed at Val • so, 8 , i t is meat in which the value of works of ca constantly necessary for a vessel of war to be there as well as here, ciated, and in which they will be coveted for their own to protect the commercial interests. The American line of battle sake, and not merely from the impulse of vanity or from ship. Franklin. Commodore Stewart, is on her way hither front motives of ostentation. Royal patronage has already done Valparaiso. It is said that she will be shortly relieved by another much, and we may venture to predict, from his Majesty's ship. There is an Amet.can schooner of war (the Hornet), always lying at Callao. The Partridge whaler, Thornton, master, left known love of the arts, will yetdo more. this about a furtnight ago, to pursue the business of her voyage. A devoted its attention to the subject, and its operative in few days since she took a very fine sperm whale, which yielded fluence begins already to be felt. Till now this protective eight tons of oil, without the head, and she had previously taken and liberal spirit has been rarely manifested on the part of about thirty-six tons." those in power; and we rejoice that the time is at length arrived, when those to whom the welfare of the state is intrusted can discern wherein the legitimate pride and real greatness of a nation consists. There is talent in the English school of painting that will amply repay the patriotic encouragement thus publicly extended to it. TABLE OF FEES UNDER LORD ALTHORP'S ACT. There shall be paid Fat every Plain: Foe every Plea For every Judg 'Forty Shillinl and under. men, For every Precept _ in Execution For ev---er;Ricog- There el For every Plaint For every Plea For every Order For every Jug• Went For every attested Cop For e y very Sum mons of Wit. Above Five Pounds. nag or Wit- For every Attach. meat, Precept, or Execution For taxing Conte Foe . every Reoog- nuance Fla receiving 310- ney. and enter ing it For searching Books The ii For serving s Plaint and the Return For servin the Order on Judg. mem Fur Execution 1 s. r shall receive, shall be pad, Is. Is. Id. I is. , fee reery to the Bailiffs Is. &I. lIIs. ad. in the L la td Z. Ili. U. is the L Is. in tbe L IL ed. Su la. 2i. 2s. 6d. Gd. ls. 3J. in the .C. 6d. in the .G. The Crier of the Court shall receive : For calling Plaintiff and Defendant, ..td. For rwcanng a Wiuieas, Prowkled alley., that no fee shall be denial dad for more than two seders in r.ny one cause. 2s. 6d. la. ia the Z. In Marylebone Pope went for a short time to school. Thera was a house and bowling-green there in his time, si milar to the one in Piccadilly, which I suppose it succeed ed. It was frequented by the best company, bowls at that time being a game justly held in estimation. Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham, was so constant a visitor that be was said to live there. Marylebone gardens afterwards be came celebrated for the same entertainments as the mo dern Vauxhall. They existed up to a late period. Chat tenon wrote a cantata for them; a burlesque (if I remem ber) of the quarrels and amoursof the Pagan heaven. The Thrales had a house in Hanover-square, where Johnson visited.—F.ramin,r. Aloes SeNs.—On the 7th May, 1522, when the sun's lower limb had just dipped the water's edge at the Cape of Good Hope, the Rev. Mr. Fallow, observed several par helia, viz. four on the left and three on the right hand of the sun, and all cut by the horizon, like the real sun. They had the same shape as the real sun, and were as high, but not so long. When the upper limb of the sun came in contact with the horizon, it and the mock suns appeared as bright spots upon the water's edge, end then one of them instantly vanished.—.lfechailie's Magazine. The piece of ground given by Earl Grosvenor, at Pim lieo, for building a church, has been lately inclosed with boards, and the foundation has been digging for several days past. The spot of ground is situated at the commence ment of the King's-road, on the right side of the entrance from Grosvenor-place. It is the vacant piece of ground between the houses and the enclosure for a new square. When the Church is built, application is to be made to Parliament to constitute Pitnlico, which has increased very touch within these few years, a separate and distinct parish, to be called the parish of Belgrave. At present it is at tached to the parish of Saint George, Hanover-square. !also 3116T110D OP FINDING A VLIWICT.—To bring about unanimity in a Jury at Wexford last Assizes, a stra tagem was resorted to. The evidence against Gribble (the revenue officer charged with the robbery of tobacco from the King's stores) appeared to be conclusive. Notwith standing the able detence of him by his Counsel (Mr. Smith), it was the general impression in Court that he could not escape conviction. Only one of the Jury, how ever, was under that impression. " Well, Gentlemen," said he to the others, " since you will not agree to adopt toy view of the case, a thought strikes me by which we can get over the difficulty. I'll write guilty,' and then I'll retire, and you can act as you think proper." The expe dient was approved of—the fearful word " guilty" was written dowy. Our readers, no doubt, picture in imagi nation the sword of justice, like that of Damocles, sus pended over the head of poor Gribble; but, as the proverb says, " all is not lost that's in danger :" the conscientious Juryman having stepped aside, his wotthy companions added " Not!" SCHEDULE OF DISTRICTS To which his Majesty is empowered to appoint Amman by Lord Althorp's Act. lit. Hundrogs of Middlesex. Id. County of Kent. 3d. Counties of Surrey and Sussex. Ith. Counties of Ilampshire, Berkshire, and Oxford. 4th. Counties of Wiltshire and Gloucester. oth. Counties of Somerset and Dorset. 7th. Counties of Devon and Cornwall. &h. Counties of '.ll.mmouth, Hereford, and Worcester. 9th. Counties of Stalfoed and Salop. 19th. Counties of Warwick, Leicester, and Rutland. 11th. Counties of Northampton, Buckingham, Bedford, and Hertford. 19th. Counties of Huntingdon, Cambridge, and Norf . ()11. 13th. Cqunties of Suffolk and Ease:. 14th. Counties of Lincoln and Nottingham. 13th. Counties of Derby and Chester. Dith. County of Loncastn. 17th. West Riding of Yorkshire. 18th. East and North ROlings of Yorkshire, County of Durham, and County of the Ci.y of York. 19th. 0111110 es of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmor- We understand that Mr. Robert Bennett, the solicitor to the el-decant Manchester oil gas project, is now in Lon don, endeavouring to obtain a Bill for the establishment of a " Benevolent loan society" in Manchester. Who are the learned gentleman's clients, or what is the real object he has in view, we are not informed. Judging from the title of the Bill, however, it may become the pawnbrokers to look about them.—.2llancliester l'aprr. land. 90th. North Wake. llst. South Waks. sd. in the C. &I. in the C. W. in the C. 3d. in the E. be paid to Gd. 61. 3j. to his 3lajesty : Five Pounds and above Forty Shillings. is. in the .E. le. in the £. 1 s. in the X. N. in the .C. U. 6d. Clerk of the ♦.. eg. Is. fa. la &L LITEILITLIRL POEMS, BY JAMES G. PERCIVAL, li.b.—MlLLsz. It was affirmed some twenty years age, in elusion is AP4 RIC A, that " literature is one of those fuser mainsfae tures which a new country will always find it easier im port than to raise. There must be a peat circulation of stock in a nation, and a great enbitivision of labour, before the arts of composition are brought to any degree of perfec tion. The great avenues to wealth must be filled, anti many left idle in hereditary opulence or mediocrity, before there he leisure enough among such a people to relish the beauties of poetry, or to creme an ejectual demod for the productions of genius." (Ed. /I , :e. v. ii. p. 447.) These •emarks arc well-founded ; if, hipiever, we may judge from I the works which have lotted of lite years from the Ameri can press, this de,.irable progress of wealth and leisure ap !pears to have made great advances: to this fact every de pertinent of literature bears testimony, in many of which they may vie with this side of the Atlantic. The country which gave birth to Fee seats may well justify the most !flattering anticipations. IVAIIIIINGTON lavtie has gone far to realise them. His productions have served to link the character of America mere strongly, if we may so ex press it, with the parent State, and to extend the inlet/re- Nal intercourse of the two counties. at the same time that they generate all those mutual feelings of respect by which it is liberalised. The NORTH AMERICAN itRVIEM, pub hlished at Boston, will enable us to form a judgment df the! ' various literature which issues from all quarters of the fe , derative Republic. This journal it itself executed with great ability, and with a devotion to its object, which, with us, might he imitated with advantage on both aides the Tweed. Till the appearance of the volumes before us, we had never seen any specimen of American poetry. Mr. Psact vat. has manifestly caught his enthusiasm from those bards whose works have made .Rugiatid immortal; possessing considerable originality %us himself, his powers have been not a hula mil' study- two only of the classic poets of our own time, t" of the old time before them." His smaller compost one are the bat; they are touched with greater feeling, and finished with greater taste. We would give as a specimen the sonnet entitled TIDE WANDERING SPIRIT. There's • voice that is heard in the depth of the sky, %Where nothing is seen bet the blue-tinted Heaven ; That voice with the wind Tolle its mellowness by. And a few notes alone to our fond OM are given : The spirit who sings it still hastens away, He ts doomed round the wide earth for ever to roam, Ile may settle a moment, but never will stay, Fee he never found, and never will Aod here • home. There is grief in the voice, as it come through the ilk bike the low.moaning wind in the calmness of Ewe, Or the tone, as we dream, of the angels, who bear The pare soul that riacs to mingle with Heaven It was clear, when it first caanq, but quickly afar It murmured and died like tie wave an the ahem When the mariner halls the benevolent star, That rises and smiles, sad the Nevem is o'er. 0 ! that voice is the dirge, *mike ever is sang O'er the wreck sad the ruin elf beauty end lore, But is ears that are deaf is its melody Bung, There are Done. who will been, but pure OHS ahem : 0 ! Earth is so place for the jEt i , no, who feels Every wound of the heart tbri pang of =r, He will mourn and be never at rill be s To the skies, and the bright world that walessees* there. To this specimen we might add many others of equal merit. Tie eked of the writer iv of a conteendative east, and the pester part of his effusions spea k strongly ill fa vour of his ertenbility. The lines ant Cmesemption," beginning— There is a sweetness in woman's decay, When the light of beauty is fading away, are elegant and pathetic; as ate the stanzas emtitld " RE TROSIPECTION; which open thee— There are moments in Mb which me never impt, Which Mightn't. and brighten, as time Stead away ; They give a new charm to dee happiest let. Asa they shim ea the &Dm of the *diem day t These easwieMs me begeimd by smiles had by time; The fee lesk of hem mid the LIU poking ONO; As the mu, la the dews of his glory, Asil the cloud weep and glows witar ilh eidabowis Has,... His longer and Mae elaborate poems polite many beauties which we might transcribe, did our spew permit. The Hos E. Petro sad 111,. Fox, Esq. ars appointed stewards fat Leeds contateLawnt faces. kisiaftrtliat in iv estminstse4ealVindee the late courts the Bridgewater Arm, Mancheslar, ea Wskeeday Week, of King's Bench and Chancery, there still remains a stone at which it was reeolved to establish a Mechanic's Institute, bench or table, and a stone chair, used by some of our an ' for the dissemination of useful knowledge amongst the la- cient Kings when they sat in Parliament, or for the ad bouring elegies. ministration of justice. James I. is also said to have ant Thomas Green, Esq. of Whittington Hall, late High in this court; the judges of which, however; told him Sheriff of Lancashire, commenced an active canvass for the that he could nut legally give an opinion upon any matter representation of the borough of Lancaster, which is va- brought before it. This court, though for centuries it has cant by the death of the late General Doveton. It is ex- been fixed at Westminster (and which of course is ex pected Mr. Green will be returned without opposition. tremely convenient for the despatch of business in these The election takes place to-morrow. civilised and enlightened times), yet it might he removed, A NTlQlllTlrs.—Yesterday sennight, as a person of the with the monarch of the realm, to any place in the king name of Cave was ploughing in a ground near to Chat- dots. Early after the establishment of the cour, in its tens Ferry, be ploughed up a pot : on examining the present turns, under Edward I. it sat at Roxburgh, the contents they appealed to be coins ; and, considering the monarch having removed it to Scotland on his conquest of number of years they must have lain in the earth, they that country. are in a state of uncommon preservation. Some of them The judges of this are four ; the chief and three puisne appear to have been coined during the reign of Constantine justices. We find, that during the greater part of the the Great, bearing his inscription; others have Constan- reign of Ja:nes I. there were five judges of the King's tinople on them ; they appear to be of a mixed metal ; Bench, and the same number in the Common Pleas. Lord the number of them is about 1000, bearing different in- Raymond says, the additional judge was appointed for the scriptions, and of different sixes : they weigh about three benefit of a casting vote in case of a difference of opinion, pounds. A sample of them may be seen at the George and that at all reasons the circuits might be fully supplied Inn, Chatteric—Contbridge Paper. with judges of the superior courts. In subsequent reigns, On Monday afternoon, about four o'clock, a decent- upon the permanent indisposition of a judge. a fifth has looking couple presented themselves, with great simplicity, been on several occasions arpointed. If this increase of before the officiating Minister at our parish church, for the the number of judges was found necessary in the reign of purpose of being married, neither having procured a licence, James I. it would seem to be far more requisite at the pre or even had the banns of marriage published. They had sent time, particularly when we observe that on several walked from Topcliff, a distance of nearly forty miles, of the last circuits, it has been found necessary to obtain having started at two o'clock in the morning. It is need- I the assistance of the senior counsel, in order to despatch less to add, that the disappointed pair was dismissed with the busi tees of the assize. an admonition to return home and get married in their own With regard to the emoluments of the judges, it cer parish.—l.erile Paper. tsinly cannot be said that they are over paid. Indeed, ATMOSrilear or Sews-M. Vogel, of Munich, after with the exception of the chief of each court, the ju4es, a number of researches, from which, judging by his from their high officer, are not in the receipt of so g an name (Bird), we should suppose him extremely well qua- I income as many second-rate practitioners at the bar. lifted, states, that, Ist, the air of the channel between By examining into the ancient constitution of our courts, Dieppe and Havre contains muriates; 2dly, the air of the and the method by which the law of the land is admi- Channel, as well as the air of the Baltic, contains less i nistered, it is curious ontl instructive to see how great a si carbonic acid than the air of the Continent ; 3dly, the milarity (as far as the learning and manners of the age will muriates do not disengage their acid at a temperature ca- admit) exists between the practice of the common law in Able of bringing them to ebullition, but the are partly the rude times of our Saxon ancestors, and that as it at volatilised with the vapours of the water ; 4thly, there is I present obtains. Of this branch of the law, Lord Hale ob no particular colouring principle in sea air, as has been j serves,—" the original of the common law is as undia supposed ; 6thly, all waters containing muriates acquire a coverable as the head of the Nile:" the fact is, it had he wine red colour , with nitres of silver, when exposed to the I beginning in those rude, unlettered days, when the ancient ton. —The Britons thought not of solemn deeds to prove their titles, LoNeow Sessioes.—Saturday the London adjourned lor of statute books to explain and record their laws.— Radon, took place in Ouildhall, before Alderman Sir J. Peering, I Trained to the chice and the field, they passed their days Sir Claudius Hunter, Messrs. Wood and Thorpe, the Common i ;thcers , w ild state of savage ignorance and brutal courage: and City O piste, and three were found guilty, and sentenced to when a few wee. ' " ewe of assaults and thus thus we have not a single document handed down to 'sheet confinement. The Court afterwards catered into appeals ,us by the ancient Britons. And, indeed, till the 49th Bast different parishes in the City. I year of the third Henry, we have scarcely any authenti- A fatal accident occurred at Storge-Hill Colliery, in cited records of Acts of Parliament. Our Saxon ancestors, Heebury. By some neglect the air reeds had not been kept open, from the time of Alfred, administered the laws of the the consequence was the accumulation of explosive gas. In this state of the works, Thomas Kitchen, one of the workmen, incau- • • country in a manner singularly calculated to dispense tiously permitted hie three children to go into the workings with a quick and impartial justice: the Kings held their courts lighted candle, which exploded the gas. The unhappy parent " before all their people, upon public notice." Thus writsa heard the explosion, and rushed to the assistance or his children, an ancient author ; and we find that King Edgar, not only but it was only to shwa their fate ; he was sußiicated, and was held a great assembly at Christmas time, which he called founen,d th ly ougingh on considera the body bly of h scorched, have is lifeless child. since been declared The other two diout d. Mea Curia, but also rode the circuit on horseback in tiff of danger. On Tuesday an inquest was held by Edward Brooke, spring and winter of every year, as an itinerant judge, end Esq on the dead bodies.—Verdict, Accidental Death. publicly watched over and inquired into the due adminisH HOAX EXTRAOII)INAIIy.—On Saturday week hand- oration of the lawn. Mat. Paris tells us, that in ancient bills were posted in Oldham and the neighbourhood, announcing times the judges were elected by the people at large, and that " Sigma. Francisco PUNtini, the celebrated Ihinau Atronaat, afterwards by their representatives in l'arliament. In the would ascend in a balloon from Bent Grange, Oldham, on Mon- reign of Henry 111. the judges (according to the same day, precisely at two o'clock in the afternoon ;" and (modestly writer) were elected by free vote, and were considered as enough) that he " would expect no remuneration but the voldn_ tarry contributions of the spectators." On the morning of Monday the conservators of the liberties of the people. The an the town and surrounding villages were almost emptied of inhabi- cient conservators of the peace were elected by the people tants. Even as early as eleven o'clock thousands were assembled till the reign of Edward 111., as were the shire-reeves, at the appointed place, anxiously awaiting the arrival of the sera- until the time of his royal father. In this manner the co nsist, and they continued to !MU in from Ashton-under-Line, Stayley-bridge, 'Middleton, saddlewonh, Rochdale, &c. during ronen. are still elected. The shire-reeve was anciently the the forenoon. That the l a tter had mute a di s t ance of six or seven governor of the shire, and his office was judicial as well as miles was no slight aggravation of the disappointment which they, ministerial. This principle of the popular election of in common with the others, Mt, when one, twn, and three o'clock judges distinguished those northern countries free were past without the appearance of " Signor Francisco." A long whence our Saxon establishments are supposed to have time elapsed before the assembled multitude could be convinced that the whole affair was a hoar ; and numbers lingered about the emanated. In the Cotton manuscripts we have recorded • pound till the approach of night put an end !T) their hopes. It is singular instance of the independence of the first law-ola supposed that atone time there were six thousand persons at the cer of the kingdom, the chancellor of Ilenry 111. Soon place and in the adjoining streets, and during the day not less than after the Kings marriage with Eleanor of Provence, Wil ms thousand. Happily but little mischief was done by the enraged ham de Savorie, bishop elect of Valence, the uncle of the populace. The printer was imposed upon by a man who peg ethated the aeronaut. but who, be believes, was an fristarist.l , ado came to England on occasion of the marriage The street leading to Bent Grange has since received the aryeepri.l with a train of three hundred horsemen, obtained much an ass same of " BagOOD.Wilit " ..-MOIICAtIIdfr Paper. seeendency at court that Henry managed all the airs of Tjli corm? OF MO•S BEATA: • drum the Literary Otteemer.l This la the supreme national court of common law ; its title, Bantus Regius, is derived from the Saxon liana, a form or bench, and this name was given to it because the King used, in ancient days, to sit in court in person. In the time of our Saxon kings, there was only one su perior court for the administration of justice in the kingdom. It was called the Wittena-grrnotr, or General Council, and assembled once a year, or oftener, if required, wherever the King kept his Easter, Christmas, or NVhitsontide, to ad minister private justice, and also to consult upon the public business of the nation. This great council had cognizance both of civil and spiritual causes. In the time of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors, we are told that the court was a sloping excavated field, or plain, in the centre of which was a bank, or seat ofjustice. Amongst the Greeks, in very early times, this form of courts was in fashion, as is evident by referring to the establishment (by Ceerops,) of the Areopagus ' or court of justice, at Athens, nearly three thousand four hundred years ago. 'rhis court was held in a spacious causeway, cut out of the earth, en Mar's-hill not far from the citadel ; and being formed on a hilly slope, all the people were enabled to observe its pro mtdings. There is something rude in this, but at the same time it tells us how jealous the peo i tle of the olden days were in watching over the administration of justice ; and it is fine to picture to our imagination the Areopagus of an eient Greece, and the Willenn-gemote of our own Saxon forefathers, with their astiembled thousands, coufirtniug 1 with their cries the justice of a decree or sentence. By looking at this subject historically, we find the origin of the form, which is still preserved in our courts, of ask ing a prisoner, " How he will be tried," to which, as a mat ter of course, he replies—" By God and my country." It may be truly said that, anciently, criminals were literally tried by their country. Tis Wittean-gentote de ' rseneral Council, continued up W awl pooled of the conquest; when, it mss, %Valium did not like these annual Parliaments, and accordingly contrived to separate their power -as judges from their deliberad character as councillom of the crown. The ecclesiastics' branch of the Wittena-gemote was naturally enough sepa rated from the other jurisdictions. The conqueror theta established as a substitute for the Saxon legislative and ju dicial assembly, the :Ida Regia, or Aula Regis. This wee a court held in the King's own hall, and was composed of the great officers of state, usually attached to the King% person. This court, as the old authors tell us, determined I suits by the rules of the military law, and the law of na tions. The great officers, above named, were assisted by persons learned in the law, who were named Justiciars; and all the greater Barouief l'arliament had a seat in the Adis Regis; over all these presithil one particular justice, who was called the Chief Justiciar of all England. This court, for some time, followed the King's household in all its ex peditions, which rendered the trial of causes particularly burthensome to the common people. To remedy this evil, King John, by the I lth chap. of Magni:Charm, fixed the bearing of common pleas to Westminster-hall, the place where the Asia Reels generally sat when the monarch was in London. The Common Pleas thus becoming sta tionary, the judges were also fixed ; and a chief, with other justices were appointed, whose jurisdiction extended to all pleas of land, and injuries merely civil. Edwd. I. having completely broken up the Aril Regia into distinct courts, (viz. the Chancery, Kng's Bench, Com mon Pleas, and Exchequer,) the king 's Bench assumed the shape which it now bears • it took the superintendence of the other courts by way of appeal, and the sole cogni sance of pleas of the crown, or causes of a criminal =- tyre. This court is the supreme court of common law, judges of which are, rirtute officii supreme coroners t ea the land. The style of the court is still curaat ipso rep., king being supposed to sit there in person. In the Regia the monarch certainly decided causes in per ils° ; and after the dissolution of that'great court, and the establishment of separate jurisdictions, Edward I. fro quently took his seat in the King's Bench. Henry 111. It is said, sat in person with the justices in Ranee Regis several times, being Nested on a high bench, and the judges on a lower one, at his feet. Edward IV. In the second year of his reign, sat three days in the King's Bench, wholly to see, as he was yet young, the form of administering ''.4l. la • workt.oasisied NAeligoilies eirashwisatar, ,_ _ the aitiott 1. 7 fafis dfreetian. Asteitpt tabu t.tips, V al W, unyalatableto the Englisli(who have ways reasedi• able for their hatred to foreign fatoatites), Blearlie pis waled the King to detaaad the seals of Bidpb-rit Sadie bishop of Chichester. This prelate had filled &reek* ef chancellor with the greatest seal and integrity, and was much beloved by the barons of the kingdom for hit lade pendent conduct. But no act of Nevilfs life wu mere rs tifying to the nation, than his positive refttsal to yield up the public seal when the king required him to do 104 Hti boldly replied, that as he had received his edict leota the Parliament, ha would resign it by the order of that as-. acmbly, and by that alone. This spirited and independent conduct (imps s etribisig contrast to the political carnage of thr Judges of bur. amts. The King's genc.b, during the time of Crotn*uL get gilled the Upper Bench ; and during the reign of a.lasees, ob. court is styled the Queen's Bs. AU that sere *lt tary and good of the jurisdiction of the Stag Clurrabse hor reverted to this court; and to set Joint its powers snore par ticularly, we may remark, that it is termed the Cat's Moran' of all the realm, foe, whenever it meett with an offence contrary to the first principles of justice, and of dats , gerona consluenee if not restrainnk it adapts a proper pu. nishment to ;t. PORT SMOUTII, Aram 11. The Barracouts, 10, Captain Vidal, has eapttirid the Spanish slave ship Virgin, or 14 gum, and 130 men, and having on board between 300 and 400 slaves. The VI:- gin had several men killed and Wousded ; she is strived at the Cape of Good Hope. On Sunday the Sparrowhawk, 15 4 Captain . the Hon. R. Saunders Dundas, twine in from a cruise. O* Idastla)o the William snit Mary yacht, Captain Charles Makdho came into harbour to reit. Remain at Spitbea&—Tweed: Sparrowhawk, Terror, Calliope, In Fiarbeutfietery, Queen Charlotte, Balstuk. Validity. Animal. +Neil , . Sasnarang, Medina, Cyrens, Arrow, Williams end Marl yacht. On Monday evening Admiral Malilwerge Mattin, f;.C.R. arrive.] from London. tlnd next morning a ssumed the tame mend of this port, whets his flag was bolded in the Vic tory, 100, Camai, n Charles Inglis, under the usual salutes. Lieutenant Charles Cottdu (son of the late Admiral Sir Charles Cotton, Bart.), is appointed Flag lieutenant, and Thomas 'friphook, Esq., Secretary to the Commander-W. Chief. On Tuesday morning Admiral Sir James nitride, Wbitshed, K.C.B. Lady iVhitshed and family, left the Admiralty House, fur the Admiral's seat, Holbrook, H.ra. ham, Sussex. Captain Fitmore, who sitcceedeil to the commend on thfr Coast of Africa, on the d !ad) of Sir Robert Mends ) is eon• finned in the rank of Post• Captain ; Lieut. George Wool corobe, in the rank of Commander ; and Mr. e. &mead, in the rank of Lieutanant. Lien enaut Chas.Grahant promoted to the rank of Commander ; Mr.Williqra Muter, is appoihteti to the William and Mary yacht ; Mr. Robert Dick, to be Assiiitant-Surgeon of the Britannia. The Tweed, 28, Capt. Fred. Bunn is expected to sail this day, to join the squadron on the South Annxiesa station. The Cato transport, Lieut. Meredith, agent, arrived on Sunday from St. Kitt's, with invalids, whence she sailed on the 4th ult. The Gang", Superb, and Eden, ware this lying at Barbadoes. Extract from a lean' Brom Rio Janeirtl, dated )Feb. I/ s " All is tranquillity here. The Briton, Sir Murray Max* well, has sailed for the Rio de la Plata; the Bruen, Capt. Mlles, sails to-day for Bahia, Pernambuco, Ma. ranham, and Para; the Wray, itt, Capt. Ferguson, is gone round Cape Horn, to reliete the Blossom, which ship we daily'expect on her way to England." Ptiwourn, Aram 16.—0 n Tuesday evening Admiral Sir James Sausnares, Bart. acit, strived here front Loudon, and next morning hoisted his Sag in the Ed. tennis, 120, Capt. P. Pipon. On Friday, the Partridge arrived from Lisbon ; left there the Windsor Castle and Primrose. On Sunday, his Maiesty's steam-vessel Light. ning, of 140 horse power, arrived, to be employed to to*. ing ships in and out of the harbour. Olat teem% is to embark toe Treleull ihs al to *ha ft 0. ... :3 'lltarrimn• Mr. etritat, ilaber- masse: embritite-yard, is appointed to this dsols.yard, in the room if Mr. Dodd, removed to Chatham. Mr. Charles Lang, is appointed is Pembroke (acting), eke Conch. We beg our readers win understand, that tJrs trill of sailing of the Adder cutter, lately launched at Cowes, was not with the Arrow cutter, built on Captain Hayes' new principle, but with a small cutter of thc wine name, sus. ployed as a tender, in the service of the Customs, os the Alderney station. The Atrow, Lieutmant Kinney. still retains the superiority for which she has been so assiii guished. The new sloops of war Champion, Py . ladet i Mid Orestes. which are building upon the several pnucipies of Capt. Hayes, Sir Robert Sepptngs, and Professor Inman, are expected to be launched and fitted ont, for experimen tal trials, in August. Two of the fastest sailing sloops or war, now in the service, will join in this competition for superior scientific ship-building, The ship-builders arc in such active employ, in moor parts of the west and south of Englona, that great into s. venience is sustained at several yards for wags of bands ; and the masters have in consequence been unable to fulfil their tams of contract for building vessels within a gives time. W AAAAA OID, Aran. In.—The public will leant with peculiar satisfaction, that the sit men who deprived Mr. Marum of life have been discovered, and are at preset* lodged in Kilkenny gaol. This gratifying isformalials rests upon most respectable and unquestioaalis macs*, One of them, of the name of C. Campion, was tried OMNI time ago for the murder of a man named Brophy. He has been repeatedly in gaol for flagrant offences. It apron; too, that they arc all old offenders. The country is ht debted for this happy result to the active and indefatigablia exertions of Colonial Lindsay, of the Mah Highlanders, a Magistrate who does honour to the power with which he is invested, by the mon faithful and unceasing performanir of his important duties. it has been supposed thee IlliA Marum had taken a different route to his hnratt 01./hlt fatal day, he would have escaped with life ; hat so maga. ranged was the conspiracy against him, that the tam tiny awaited him in the other direction which Intl ► house , . • ' —* COUNTY COURTS, ALIAS COURTS or CIIIIIIMOrger...c Every man (says a correspondent) whom milliseme lOW been to have had anything to do with the COM' 41 01116., eery, must admit that it is high time that the expenses, and delays of that Court should bs and reformed. The ruin and beggary of thrsossis of is,. tiocent victims, through the vicious and psiSishial Split* of that Court, attest the truth of this feet. laut dt Oft We the case with respect to the abuses of the highest Coatis the kingdom, it is pretty certain that the evils is the_psarsa classes of the community, from the pnctias at the County Courts, will, as far as they go, be • match for theca. Let any man, who wishes to form his own judgment et* practice, attend but for a single flay to the proecodings.of the Court in Kingsgate.street, Holborn ; and if be b made of " penetrable stuff'," be will require nothing mem to convince him of this truth. There be will see an mom. blage of the most mis..rable of hums creatures, brought together upon complaints the moat frivolous, and on charges the most trifling in amount; to be settled st an expense, in many cares, exceeding the amount of t!‹: claims ; and thereby inflicting, in numberless stances, an additional and intolerable punishment's* the crime of poverty. The most remarkable circum stance in the practice of this Court is, the frequency, we bad almost said the certainty, of the success of the plaintie Whether this he attributable to the general goodness of lip cause, or to any interested bias of the Court towards Ibis party bringing grist to the mill, will be best judged of by i those who will take the trouble to watch its Mr. Lenuard, we believe, much to his credit, some time since the task of reforming the obassaaf Sib Court. But from the opposition which he met 72 1 nothing we believe was done. That gentleman 0 render an essential *tyke to the poor, b reliving Olifoi subject at this perhaps more auspicious. mod. No <lavabo. he might calculate upon the cordial co-operation and so sistance of those dktingiuished patriots Burdett and HO- T house—Byng and Whitbread : and the Minima's agar selves, could no longer for shame oppose a reform of 111' mil-practices of these petty Courts, state tr e at Shaved.' At to unction the principle poppectiai thine bishorno Eraswiner. i