The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1825-09-27 00:00:00

FASMONABLE INTRLLIGENCE. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Stanhope left town yesterday for Windsor Cude, on a visit to his Majestg. Arrivals at Gordon's Hotel, Alben.arle-strut :—Dr. and Mrs. Lase from Warwickshire; and Alf. and Mrs. Wilson trom Windsor. Lord Nugent arrived in town yesterday from his soot, Bucks. B. Richardson, Esq. arrived yesterday at the Blenheim Hotel, Bond-street, from Bath. Mrs. Rice arrived yesterday at the l'olteney Hotel. Albemarle street, from her seat, near Dover. Captain .kusrin lett ditto fur Brighton. he Countess of Onnonde hits arrived at tlio.lltirlington Hotel, OLI Burlington-street, from Peru; hlr. and 31. as IVilmot have left ditto for Brighton. The Duke and Dochess of Rutland and fam ly jitive arrived at their teat, Cheerier Park, Cambridgeshire, iron), Relroir Castle. The Valle of Grafton has united at his start, Luton Hall, Thet ford, front a tour. The Earl and Criontess of Darnley, who arrived in town on Thursday from a tour through Ireland and Scotland, have left fur their seat Cobham Hall. Kent. The End of Powis left town yesterday for Suffolk. The Marquis of Chandos arrived iu town yesterday, from his tut. Wutton, Bucks. The Earl and Countess Cowper have left town for their seat, Pans ,n,o.r. Herts. 'Georg.: Bpi", Mn. Byng and family, have arrived at their seat, Wrothem Park, from I rt.latiti. Gmeral Count Noreaskie arrived yesterday in Dover-street, am Doncaster. John Taylor, Esq. arrived yesterday at Jordan'. Hotel, St. James's-street, front Brighton. The lion. Agar and Lady Georg:na Ellice left town yesterday oh a nut to the 3larqo is and Maretnooess of Lansdown, at their seat. Bow and Park, %Villa. The Earl and Countess of Hardwick and family have left town I for their seat, Wimpole, Cambridgeshire. Mrs Countuterusined a ulna party to dinoci yesterday. at her house is Straleon.street, Piccadilly among whom were the Duke of ht. Alban's, Lard Frederick NIB die Ladieii Charlotte and Maria Ilenaclerk. Arrivals at Kirkham'sllotel, Low r y Brook-erect i_v gae g Li nton from the Contineht • Lord VV. Paget, from ditto. Departures:— Lord bilfind and his brother the lion. H. Powis, for Paris. Departures fr6m Vl'arrenl Hotel, Mgent-street:—The Rev. Henry Sibthorpr for Lineola ; Mr, and Mrs. Bagge and family for their seat in Norfolk. Arrivals at the Royal Hotel. St—Tamer's-street :—The lion. T. Fines from Oxfordshite ; Cape. Fitsclarence, R.N. from Don. cater; Capt. Heavens, RN. from ditto. Deo:wore, :—Lady tilibia Kent anti son for their seat. Grantham, Lineolushire ; J. Mills, Esq. on a tour ; Tickle, Esq. tor Ireland. CHELTE NHAM, Scr•r. 23. The Duke of Buckingham and family are the constant attendants at the King's Old Well Promenade every morn ing, from nine till ten o'clock. The Duke and Duchess are expected to leave us to-morrow for Abingdon, the Duke being much improved in his health. The Earl of Clare and Lord Kendlesham attend the Montpellier Spa. The Promenade is very numerously at tended, particularly from half-past eight till ten o'clock. Duriv the time a band performs occasionally in an or chestra in the pump rocm. Colontl Berkeley has purchased a share in the Sherburne S; a. and some land attached to it. Report says he gave 12,0001. for it. The other share is said to be bortztit by Mr. Morris, the banker. On Wednesday tl c workmen began pulling down a house in High-street, the corner of Portland-passage; the house at the othi r corner is shortly to follow, and the whole of the houses in the passage are to come down, to make an entrance from High-street to the road leading to the new projected Spa by .Ir. Pitt, to be called Pittsville Spa. The purchase of the houses forming Portland-passage has cost Mr. Pitt 10,000/. ; the Commissioners of the town have agreed to pay 3,000/. of it, as it is considered an improve ment to the town. Colonel Bakeley. his brother, and a gentleman of the name of Banks, have been acting for several players' lime fits ; the novelty attracted full houies. Sir Charles Cockerel, Mr. Sergeant Onslow, and other Members of the House of Commons, continue with us, al though the report of a speedy dissolution of Parliament is so very general. Mr.. Mitchell, the principal Clerk in the Vote Office of the House of Commons. who has been here for some time, left us unexpectedly yesterday morning for London. COVENT-048DEAf v .THEATRE. This Theatre opened for the season last night with Sbakspeare's Tragedy cf Janus Casar and the French Curtonatiun—the novelties of the evening consisting in the new decorations and the new actor. Of the former we can say little, being but poor judges of the properties of a colour or a cushion, and of the latter it might be prema ture at present to say much. We will, therefore, even adopt the advice of our friend " ancient Pistol," and pared ver/Ni shill be the word. It is enough for us that the in terior of the house looked sprightly and sparkling, and for the managers that it was full. The upholsterers have got up a new and veritable green curtain " o' the right starff;" a thing to which we are partial, from old recollections ; and the painters have clubbed to produce anew drop scene, rather Chinese, - for our fancy, and we therefore set it down as a drip . timP much Mr. %i attle. who has attained considerable celebri►y on the Bath and Dublin stages, and whom our readers may recollect as having played at the Haymarket some seasons ago, made his debut as Brutus, a character in itself difficult, and doubly so from our re collections of John Kemble, .in " the noblest Roman of thetn all." The new actor has a good person, and " fair proportions," and his formes, without being very strongly marked, are pleasing and expressive. His voice is sleep, bat deficient in varied modulation, a circumstance, however, which may have resulted last night from timidity rather than organic defect. Along with which Mr. Warde has yet to accustom himself and adapt his tones to the size of our metrorolitan theatres. He is greatly deficient in energy, and on the whole his con ception appears to be superior to his execution ; both which circumstances we would gladly attribute to the chill and embarrassment inaeparable from a first appearance on the boatels of a winter theatre. With the physical advan tages possessed by Mr. Wattle, and the good taste for which we are willing to give him'credit, we think he might do much. Whether lie will . be able to supply the absence of Young at this theatre time alone can determine ; and it might be unfair, from-the performance of a single evening, to Mind a conjecture. John Kemble -himself grew into his greatness by painful and almost imperceptible advances. Mr. Wank was heard with great fairness by the - autheuce ; and announced to play Realea Glertruy on Friday, and repeat the character of Brutus on Monday, amid general applause. IVe look forward to his 'appearance on those ntgles as likely to enable us to form a proper estimate of his powers, on which at present there scarcely exist sufficient data to decide. The Duke of York arrived at Andley House on Sunday, f:orn Sudburn, the seat of the Marquis of Hertford, where his Royal Highness had been staying on a shooting ex cursion. Her Siffetie Highness the Duchess of Six. Coburg left Claymont yesterdsy, on her return to the Continent. The Eati of IVestmorland transacted business yesterday afternoon at the Foreign and Colonial Offices. Mr. Hume is expected in Glasgow in the beenning of October; and the l'reses of the Delegates of the Operatives has called a meeting for the week after next, in order to r the propriety of presenting him with a testimony of their est. em.—.Frofrli Paper. O'Keefe's farce of The Son in Late is to be brought out at Drury-lane Theatre. Oil its tirst representation some Years ago, Charles Baunister, as Arianelli, gave imitations of fenduei, a popular singer of that period. Its revival at this juncture is to afford J. Russell, who austains the "le past, a similar opportunity with regard to Velluti. A new Opera is in preparation, the music by Bishop. The interior of Covent-garaen Theatre has been psinteJ if* the style of the Marquis of Hertford's Great Room, Piccadilly. TLc works from the new building for the Board of Trade, with its Corinthian columns, next to the Treasurv, t• - > the corner of Dovrning-street, advance rapidly. An l'ntnense number of workmen are employed. The stone work is raised nearly first-floor high in many parts, and' 11 4ff'olding is fixed almost to the contemplated height of tIJeS tew buildings, which are for Council Chaff'bees, ll .1:I.:. and other Government offices. The Treasury is to h•new fronted. Pugi'i.in was never at a much lower ebb. In six an. rwunal fl .hts the whole stakes amounted to only 11+01. LITERARY GLEANINGS. No. XXXVI. Law ax LAVITIRIL—Dr. Burnet, in his entertaining " Life of Sir Matthew Hale," tells us that Mr. Hale, the banister and father of Sir Matthew, was a man of that strictness of conscience, that he gave over the practice of the law because he could not understand the reasons of giving colour in pleadings, which seemed to him contrary to that exactness of truth and justice which became a Christian ; so that he withdrew himself from the Inns of Court to live on hir estate in the country. In the rolls of Parliament, 1443, is a petition from the Commons of two counties, showing that the nun.ber of Attorneys had lately increased from six or eight to twenty- four, whereby the peace of those counties had been greatly interrupted by suits. The Commons therefore petition, that it may be ordained, that there shall be no more than air Common Attorneys for A'ne:fidk, six for sisuk, and two for the city of Neeteich. The King granted the peti tion, provided it were thought reasonable by the Judges. George Alexander Stevens drolly satirises the prolixity of our laws, by one Couttaellor at the Bar referring to the 984 page of the 120th folio volume of the abridgement of the statues. The laws of China (Mr. Barrow tells us) are but sixteen small volumes; and probably they have l as t e d f or thou sands of years , for a population whi c h i s equa l CO t h at of one-third of ie universe. The Code Napoleon, wo believe, is in a single volume octavo. The pictures of the Twelve Judges in Guildhall, are those of the virtuous .%ir Matthew Irate ' and his eleven contemporaries, who, after t h e dreadful fire in Lohdon„ 1666, regulated the re-building of the city by stich wise rules, as to prevent thggialless train of vexatious law suits which might have ensued. These Judges sat in Ctirmtls Inn, to compose all differences between landlord and tenant. Richard Watts, who was a Member of Parliament in the days of Queen Eliza!). th, being taken suddenly ill, he employed a Proctor to make his will ' • and, on his re covery, found that he had constituted himself heir to all his estates. Ile gave a lasting testimony of his remern hrtnce of this, by building an alms-house at Rochester, with this notice over the door—" Six poor travelling men, not contageously diseased, room. es, nor Pt - o dors may have lodging here one night freely, and every one ' four-pence every morning." This inscription may be seen to this day. Voltaire records a law-suit that lasted above sixty years, in France, and if not at last ccmptotnircd, would have ruined the parties. One of the longest law-suits is to be found recorded in " Camden's Britannia.' It was commenced between the heirs of Sir Thomas Falb: t, Viscount Lisle, on the one part, and the heirs of Lerd Re, keley on the other, about certain possessions lying in Gloucestershire, not far from Wotton-under-edge ; which suit began in the.end of the reign of King Edward IV., and was depending until the beginning of King James, when it was filially com promised. Sesest•ae Jurricr.—The Prime Minister at Mahratta himself perambulates the bazaars, or market placer : and if he happens to detect a trad e sman s e lling g oo d s by false weight or measure, this great officer breaks the cul prit s head with a large wooden ,fillet, kept especially for that purpose.—lironghtes's Letters from a Mahrulta Camp. &LLCM versus Boa/est.—That most inimitably face tious law case, fashioned by Gziortos ALEXANDEII STE• TENS, in his Lecture on Heads • seems to be founded on an anecdote to be found in a work, in 2 vols. called " luquia Facetin, Luthcri, Franefort, Mt." It runs thus, "A law rase. CHIIIITOVHORUS GROSS used to re late the following doubtful case. A miller's ass wanting to drink, stepped into a fisherman's boat, which was loosely floating on the water ; and being thus put in motion, car ried the beast down the stream. A law suit was instituted between the parties. The fisherman complained that the milk.'s ass had stolen his boat. The miller replied to the accusation, by saying that the fisherman's boat had run away with his ass. Here issue was joined. Msaris Lurit ea decided this point of dispute by saying. that each piny was to blame, being both equally guilty of caretesstreas, iu the 'first instance." M. Plunk , . r., the author of a volume of Poems, was in dicted at Paris in the month of May, 1822, and found guilty, and sentenced to six months imprisonment, for flee stows, said to be directed against the throne, religion, and public morals. The singularity of the trial was, that the defendant, after his counsel had been heard, pleaded his own cause in verse, which excited the enthusiastic plaudits of the numerous audience that filled the Court. The following most equitable decision of a celebrated cause, may be found in a 4to. work, printed 1396, called " The Orator, handling several Discourses in form of [Ac clamations, by L•ZAIIVI PIOT." Cale 47. "Of him that fallinge dolma from the top of his house, killed another man. against whom the Amine of Me shrine man deniandethjastice." It happened that in the countrie of the Switzer', a certaine countrieman being got upon the top of his house, to see what reparation was wanting, fell down° by mischance upon another man who happened to walk under the same house, and with his fall he lulled him, but himself escaped. The son of the dead man caused the other to be im prisoned, and required that he might he put to death ac cording to the law which said', that every man-killer ought to die, and he would not take any other amends or satis faction. The Judge of that place seeing his most cruel ob atinacie, gave sentence that the said plaintilp should ascend up to the lop of the house, and throwing himself downe wpm the defendant, should kill him if he co7dd." . . The laws of Cos discountenance in a very singular man ner any cruelty in females towards their admirers. An in stance occurnd while Dr. CLARKE and his companions were in the island, in which the unhappy termination of a love affair occasioned a trial for what the' Mahommedan lawyers casuistically &snit e as "homicide by an inter mediate cause." The following was the case. " A young man desperately in love with a girl of Stanchio, eagerly sought to many her ; but his proposals were rejectial. In consequence he destroyed himself by risme. The Turkish police arrested the . father of the ohdurate . fair, and tried him for culpable homicide. "If the accused," argued they, with becoming gravity, " had not had a daughter, the de ceased would not have fallen in love, con.vrquently he would not have been disappointed, consequently lie would not have swallowed poison, consequently he would not have died : hut he (the accused) had a daughter, and the de ceased had fallen in love, &c. Sze. Upon all these counts, be was called upon to pay the price qf the young man's life; and this being fixed at the sum of eighty piastres, was accordingly exackd.—(elarke's Trarels,p. 33'i. vol. 3.) Loan ERININC—The eloquence of this remark. able man was an era at the bar. His addresses to juries have not been equalled ; they alike capti vated their understandings, their imaginations, and their passions. He often rose to the highest oratory ; hut it was always simple; and even in his sublimes' flights, there was much that was very familiar; but this rather set off than clouded their splendor, rather increased than diminished their general effect. Ilia skill in the conduct of a cause, and in the examination of witnesses, has never been surpassed; his discretion never forsook him, even in his highest forensic enthusiasm; his manners were always most gentlemanly ; at the bar he was uniformly loved and admired ; and, what he accepted the seals, no one, as Lord &vow justly remarked of him, could have a greater wish to discharge properly the office which was conferred on him, or greater talents to qualify him for a proper dis charge of it. A true friend to constitutional liberty, he was its constant and animated advocate; but he never failed in respect to the crown, or sacrificed to the preju dices or vagaries of the populace. It is highly to the credit of the two noble lords, that though the difference of their politics repeatedly placed them in a state of forensic con flict, neither ever said that to the other, or of the other, which it was impleasing to him to hear. This circum stance Lord Erskine himself noticed to the Reminiscent.— Badkr's Reminiscences. The story about the opening of the chamber in which Voltaire died, in l'aris, has been for several years peat annually dished up in the London and Paris newspapers. The original story is, that the Poet, on his dvath-betl, ex pressed a wish tb , tt the rootn should be closed until that day twenty years. The period has long cxpiretl, and if there were any valuable manuscript; d.:pusited there, eloy Lary, no doubt, b. THE BRITISH PRESS. THE LONDON CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY. The London Co-operative Society for the formation of Commu nities of Mutual Co-operation and Equal Distribution, held their first public meeting last evening, at the Rooms of the Mechanics' Institution, Southampton-buildings. It being announced that Robert Owen, Esq. would be present, great anxiety was shown among the middling and operative classes to obtain admission ; and long before the appointed hour arrived for opening the business of the meeting, the whole theatre of the In stitution was crowded by peraons principally of the above classes, antang whom we observed several highly respectable females. Dr. TUCKER having been called to the ('hair, read the follow_ hug Report of the Committee appointed to organise and super intend the arrangements of the society : '• Those who are sincerely desirous of improving the condition of mankind in general, and those especially who suffer the most from the innumerable and complicated evils, which must continue to exist while society remains as at present constituted, are ear nestly invited, by the London Co-operative C.iteiety, to investigate tile merits of their new system of social arrangements. " The basis of the present state of society is competition. Every one seeks his individual interest, anti endeavours to acquire as much wealth as possible for his own exclusive benefit; but as all are pursuing the same end by similar means, their eftbrts necessa rily counteract each other; life is rendered a continual struggle— the discoveries anti improvements of science, and the energies of human nature are frequently not merely wasted, but become greatly injurious in their operations—great inequalities are produced—and, whiles few succeed in realizing immense fortunes, the great body of the people is reduced to a state of penury, and of unceasing, un.. requited tail, and even the few are not rendered happy. " The fundamental principles of the new system, on the con trary, are, mutual co-operation in the production, and perfect equality in the distribution, of all the means of enjoyment ; prin. ciplea that, by uniting the individual and social interests of man kind (which ought never to have been separated), will lead to the highest possible state of human happiness, and remove all the ob stacles, physical and moral, by which its attainment has been hitherto retarded. " To exhibit the effects of the new system, under circumstances the moat favourable to its complete adoption, it i. proposed— . " First—That Ansefations be foruherk, to becnlied Conocounities of Mutual Co-operation and Equal Distribution; nch Association or Community to consist ultimately of about two thousand indivi duals, or any other number that may hereafter be found most con ducive to happiness. " Second—That a plot of good land be purchased by each Com mnnit•, the extent in the proportion of one acre to each individual, loun)t nr " fitird—That suitable dwellings be erected for the healthful and agreeable accommodation of the members, together with store houses, workshops, outhouses, and such public buildings as may be required for the various purposes of science, religion, and edu cation. " Fourth—That every individual employ a stated portion of his or her time in lame branch of manufacture and of agriculture, can. der the auperintendance of those who may be the best skilled in each department ; it being of essential importance that the Commu nity should produce within itself all the necessaries of life, but es pecially the the article of food. " Fifth—That arrangements be adopted on a large economical scale, fur cooking, washing, heating apartments, &c. to supersede the domestic drudgery now devolving on those who are called ser vants or menials ; a nd re all kinds of unpleasant labour, of indis penalble utility, shall be lightened as much as possible by the aid of mechanical and scientific improvements. " Sixth—That the most ample provision be made for the aged and infirm members, and that such as suffer from Meknes, or acci dents, shall receive the assistance of the most able professors of me dicine and surgery, and have every attention paid them that can possibly alk v in te their condition. "Seventh—That the children of parents dying within the commu nity shall be protected, educated, and placed in every respect upon an equal footing with those of the living Members, " Eighth—That the greatest facilities be given for intellectual improvement by lectures, public libraries, philosophical apparatus, &c.; and that all the children receive equally an education founded on true knowletlge, calculated to give their propensities the best direction, and to inculcate the principles of utility and universal benevolence. " Ninth.--That the members !hall be equally furnished with such means (pecuniary or other) for visiting distant pans, and for carrying on a general intercourse with society, as may be com patible with the interests of all. . . •• Tenth.—That the community be essentially self-governed; that all the adults, men and women, be equally eligible, by election, to those offices for which, by natural capacity or acquirements, they may be the best fitted; and that individuals be at liberty to with draw, with whatever property they may have vested in the com munity. Inien these arrangements shall be fully effected, the members of the community will be enabled to use the whole produce of their labour for their own benefit ; or, in other words, they will save those immense sums which are now taken from the labouring dunes (the only real producers of wealth) in the shape of profit, on goods sold by wholesale and retail, of rent, and of interest of money. They will also save nearly the whole of the expense of conveying goods to and from distant parts, by raising on the spur the principal articles of consumption. By their ability to hold their superfluous produce as long as necessary, they will not be subject to any serious lons or inconvenience from fluctuating I markets; and a large class of persons, whose skill and industry are new of no real utility to society, will be engaged in productive em ployments. It will therefore necessarily follow, that a degree of labour, or physical exertion, never exceeding eight, and ultimately not more, and probably less, than four hours in the day, will be amply sufficient to surround each individual with an abundance of all things essential to a state of pleasurable existence. " It is also anticipated that these arrangements will remove the greatest part of the causes of that enmity which subsists between man and man ; that individuals will cease to view each other with suspicion and distrust; that union of interests will necessarily lead to the highest state of friendly intercourse ; that every one will consider his own happiness as identified with that of the whole body; and that unbounded confidence and harmony will prevail. " All friends to social improvement will be glad to learn that, while the new system is rapidly proceeding at Orbiston, in Scot. land; at Harmony, in Indiana, under the direction of Mr. Owen; and in other parts of the United States, under that of Societies, a plan is now in progress for establishing a community of mutual co-operation and equal distribution, within fifty miles of London. " The proposed capital for the Community near London is 200,000/., to be raised by shares of 100/., 401., and 101. each ; on which deposits of 31., 2/., and It., respectively, are received by Messrs. Courts and Co.. bankers, Strand. No part of which depo. site to be used by the London Co-operative Society, or by any other persons but the future Community itself, for any purpose whatever. The deposit money on any number of shares, by one person, need not exceed 10/. " Those subscribing 1001. each will not be called on to enter the Community till all the buildihgs and arrangements are completed. For a child under ten years of age half this sum, or 301. will be re ceived. " Capitalists advancing many shares, and not occupying more than two rooms, will be entitled to interest at 11 per cent. on all shares above one, until paid off by the Community ; but the inte rest will cease on any shares transferred to new members, or to boarders in the Community. Any subscriber of 1001. not wishing to join in the occupations of the Community, may (by a yearly payment, to be hereafter fixed by the Community), partake of all the benefits thereof. except voting at the public meetings; or, by paying half the sum so fixed, he may be exempted from half the daily occupations. " Those subscribing 401. each will not be called on to join the Community till the first year's crop is raised, and a bed-room pro vided for each. Children under ten years of age, 201. each. " Those subscribing 101. each are to join the Community as soon as the land is purchased and ready to receive, them : they engage, with the aid of appropriate committees and scientific members of the Community, toprepare the tirst crops and build the first houses, receiving merely food and dwelling for the first six or eight months, till the produce of their own labour, under the proposed arrange ments, affords them additional comfort.. " As won as 20,000/. are subscribed, a public meeting of the subscribers will be called by advertisement, by the London Co- Operative Society • and this nucleus of the Community will take into its own hande'the regulation of its affairs." Mr. Owen now entered the morn. He was received with im mense cheers, which continued for a considerable time. These having at length subsided, that gentleman came forward to address the meeting, when the cheers again commenced, more vehemently if possible than before. As ROM ite silence was restored, Mr. OwEN spoke as follows:—`• Ladies and Gentlemen,--1 must apologise to the meeting for reading a part of those observa tions which I wish to express to them. I am not sufficiently in the habit of speaking in public to trust myself on this occasion without the assistance of the memorandum which 1 have row before me. But we are net met here to-night for effect and display, it is, 1 trust, on a subject of a very different character : we came here to state facts and Investigate principles, and those of the utmost int portance to the happiness anti well-being of society in general. It is, I believe, generally known, that I advocate a social sys tem of equality in preference to the individual system of inequality. The time is arrived when it becomes necessary that all classes should be accurately informed upon what ground I recommend this change to be now made in society. Tie reasons which have pro duced in my mind an irresistible conviction in favour of the social over the individual system, are-1. That the individual system ne cessarily creates and perpetuates, in the mass of the people. poverty and Ignorance, with all the vice, crime, and misery, which those evils must ever generate. 2. That it necessarily creates and perpe tuates anxiety, competition. disunion, and discord, throughout so ciety. 3. That it necessarily creates and perpetuates unkindness, irritation, and anger, among all classes. 4. That it is opposed tut and afraid of the most simple yet important truths derived from the most unchanging and obvious facts, whence alone real knowledg, can be obtained. 5. That it necessarily creates and perpetuates hatred, revenge, and all uncharitablenew, between all parties, sects. classes, and nations, throughout tho world. 6. Thrt it ne cessarily creates and perpetuates in all. insincerity and its thousand nameless evils. 7. That, in short, while the individual system ex ists, the human mind must continue to be a chins of confusion, and the practice of the world to be a real counteraction of all the objects of every class, even from the sovereign to the pauper.—ln preference to this system of error and of evil, I advocat2 tho social system of equality. 1. recause it will at once remove all the evils which the individual system of inequality has introduced among mankind. 2. Because, after its general' iatroduction it will become impossible to find one of our fellow-creatures either poor, ignorant or vicious. 3. liccaus: it will lay a sure Nundltion for ace and good will, and for charity among the human race, 4. Because it will devolope the cause of the evils which now per vadesociety, and create the mewls of, removing them. 5. Because, as man, to a great extent, ever has been, and ever must be, the creature of the circumstances by which he is surrounded ; the so cial system of equality is alone adapted toad mit the union of those circumstances which are absolutely necessary. to draw forth the highest physical, moral, anti intellectual, powers of our nature, and thus place man in a state of independence, virtue and happiness. And lastly, I advocate the social system of equality in nreterence to the individual system of inequality, because the latter is opposite to, while the former is congenial with all our natural feelings. These are the general grounds which compel me to give the moat decided preference to the soviet over the individual system. Lenny be useful, however, to state sonic of the reasons which render the change from the individual to the racial system absolutely neces sary in this stage of improvement in society. Yon are all aware that the progress in mechanical and chysnical science within the last forty or fifty years, Its. added greatly to the power of creating wealth its the country ; but you, perhapte.do nut know that this new power Is of such a magnitude as to prevent any parties, under present circumstances, from venturing to look the eubject fairly in the face, or to attempt to grapple with its momentous consequences. To give you some correct notion of its power, it is only necessary for me to remind you, that in the spinning of cotton thread only, modern mechanical improvements enable a mixed population, not exceeding 250,000, of men, women, and children, but chiefly children, to produce as, much as previous to those discoveries, would have required the working part of a population of upwards of 80 millions, and now the mechanical improvernente which hove been applied to the spinning of cotton thread, form but a small part of the mechanical and chyntical improvements which have been introduced to supersede manual labour in almost every breach of our manufactures, and in all the arts of life. Their inctease has been such within my memory, that I am within bounds when I say that the population of the British Islands, can now, with the aid thus derived front science, pro duce more wealth than twice the whole population of the world could create betbre these improvements were discovered, and brought into practice. Yet, with this aid to the manual labour of this country—with this overwhelming addition to our 'matte of creating wealth—what, I ask, is now the condition of the producing classes? Are their numbers diminished? No. Are their hours of labour diminished? No. Are their anxieties diminished alike ' Is their condition changed. for the better in any degree, in proper. tion to these stupendous means which have been acquired to ame. borate their condition, as well as the condition of the whole popu lation of these islands, and of the inhabitants of all other countries? All know this has not been done, nor can it ever be done under the individual system of inequality, and this is the real cause why statesmen and political economists have been afraid to encounter this subject, and why they have been unable to explain the cause of the distress among the working classes here and in Ireland. Men of the present day have not been placed under cir cumstances to enable them to grasp such a subject anti to compre hend its multiplied workings and extensive ramifications through out society. Another generation, very differe itly trained and placed, will be required for this task; but the measures in progress will ere long produce such a generation. They will cleatly under stand the incalculable advantages to be derived frosts the social system of equality, over the individual system of inequality, and know how how to apply all the powers of science directly to their advantage; but it will be said, and said too, most truly, that Whitt ever may be the pecuniary, or other advantages of the social system of equality, men have not yet been trained to lire in such society, for all their notions, habits, and feelings have been individualiaerl, they have not in fact been formed by the circumstances which have surrounded them to live in harmony together, on the contrary, they have been formed to acquire feelings which produce disunion and discord pepetually. Thus hitherto insurmountable evil will be overcome by a steady attention to facts—unerring facts—fact s which never deviate, which when attended to and acted upon, will always lead us a ri g ht, an d never permit us to go astray. I mean facts relative to our own nature, which, when attended to and acted , upon, will secure union throughout society, and enable all with Perfect case to enjoy the advantages of the social system of equality. to be partakers if the benefit of the new arrangements before you. For the right understanding of the subject it may Le useful for me to explain what the facts are to which t allude. I am sorry to say, 1 that in conseeuence of being obliged to take my departute very early from this country I have not had time to prepare myself for the duties of this evening so an to he ableto address you as I wished, I therefore must request your utmost indulgence on the present cc castor. (Cheers.) You sea here a model before you of a society existing under circumstances altogether rev in the history of man- kind. I must now entleavouito explain to you the few steps which , have led ro the form a ti on o f t h ose c i rcums t ances . V er y ear l y In lif e the reflections, combined with the observations I was able to make of all that was around me, convinced me that there was something wrong—fundamentally wrong—in the present constitution of society. I read much and reflected much, but, from all my reading, I could derive nothing satisfactory. I therefore changed my course, and directed my cereals and attention to the investigation of those.facts which are within the range of the human mind in this stage of existence. After reflecting maturely and for some time I must confess was most astonished and delighted to find all the facts and circum stances which are necessary for our happiness, so simple, so obvious, and socomplete. What were these facts, do you suppose ? They really areso simple that I am almost ashamed to stand before you, to take up your time in explaining tnem to you. I saw a helpless creature coming into being; he was ignorant of his own nature and coodi tion, and knew not what was the cause, nor what the end and de sign of his creation. 1 observed that no two of these beings were alike ; there was a marked and decided difference between them all ; yet it was as obvious that, without their knowing how that differ. ence existed, the difference was not made by themselves. Then I observed such was the plastic nature of these beings, that, whatever circumstances they were placed in, those circumstances formed and influenced all their habits and feelings, and essentially constituted their character. If they were placed in the north, they took the character of those who inhabit the north ; if they were placed in in the south, they became, without distinction, conformable to tho people of the south. If they were born amoag can nibals, they became cannibals; if their birth took place in Hindoostan, they, like the llindoos, disliked the sheddingor blood, and in all other respects bore the stamp and character of that peo. pie. What, then, was the obvious conclusion to be drnwn ? by, that the whole of society, from the beginning of time down to the present hour, has been founded upon principles diametrically op posed to the knowledge of these simple facts. If such has been the case, can we expect any thing right in society ? Anything other than chaos in the world ? Hew long have we been toiling for our bread, and all the other things necessary to our existence, and that without intermission ? Would such a state of things have existed if we had acted front a knowledge of those facts which I have just mentioned ? Is it not matter of astonishment that in the nineteenth century society should still be carried on in direct opposition to those most important facts? It was from discovering not only that the character of man was thus formed by the circum stances surrounding him, but that the full knowledgeof this fact was eesential to the well governing of society. that I felt onr duty was to make ourselves actually acquainted with the circumstances which existed all over the earth, and to see if any of them were founded upon the knowledge of the simple facts which I have , stated. The whole history of mankind declares, that no govern. meat, no people, ever understood these simple facts, or ever acted upon them. Where shall we go to look for any state founded upon any of these facts ? Where shall we discover a society founded upon principles of mutual good will, a people possessing habits of high feeling, and acting upon the best charities of the human heart to all that are around them ? There are no such to be found either in this country or in any other, in times present or times that are past. Ply friends, at this hour you are living in the midst of the most irrational circumstances that ran possibly exist. You wish to promote your happiness, but you are living in circum. stances which are alike pernicious both to the highest anti the lowest individual in the country. Will you always remain thus? Have you no desire to alter this state of things, and to promote yotir own happiness--if you have, it is very easy to accomplish. 'You have little more than to will it, to surround yourselves with circum stances the most desirable that can be wished? It may be said, that to create these circumstances will require considerable labour, and an immense capital. No such thing, my friends ; these cir cumstances will require less capital to create them then the state of things now surrounding you demand, and will require considerably less exertion; while they will most abundantly compensate you for both. I la nes that this model betbre you is not upon a larger scale. It is fur too small for those who are at a distance to see at all, and considerably no for those who are near to have a correct idea of the place itself. Here is an arrangement before you Intended to contain all that is requisite for domestic life or social happiness. The area of this square is at least double the area of Orosvenor.square. Each side of the building is to be one thousand feet in length. All the domestic operations for one side will be performed in the building that is situate in the centre of that side ; and there will be only one chimney in each range or side of the square. In this combination the best and moat improved principles have been applied : anti the object of the combination is intended to be such, that each individual 'hall, with their owe la. hour, anti that very moderately exerted, be supplied with every. thing that is necessary for themselves and their families. You well know that the real object of society is, in the first place, to train the rising generation in the best possiblemanner, so as to turn to the best account their physical anti intellectual powers. . This combination is formed tor that purpose. In the corner of the square there are a nuniber of public buildings, one of which is to rear and educate the children of those who belong to the Society, from their infancy to the age of ten years. But they are not to be educated as infants have been, by others. Hitherto people thought it enough for them to be mule familiar with words and ignorant of ideas. They on to he taught as much as much us possible by sensible signs, in most cases by presenting to them the real objects themselves; but where that cannot be done, then by the most correct painting of the objects. Ina second corner of the square there will be conducted the education of children front the age of ten to fifteen years. I shall be very much disappointed indeed if, under this arrangement, the children who leave the first corner at ten years of age are not, in rest knowledge, suresior to those who now leave the first Universities is Europe, or in any other part of the world (Cheers). But when they leave the second career. they will leave with an increased ratio of real knowledge. and that of the most useful kind, both to themselves and others. I do not know whether it will be necessary in all cases to go on to the third corner of this square, the buildings of which are intended for the cultivation of the very highest branches of Itnewletl e re m which the humeri mind can teach. Indiv duals of the first talent. erten all parts of the world, will be obtained to teach in them, far it Is in tended that education shall be there more complete, than has h , - then° been in any part of the world.—(llear, hear.) You tLcr fore see before you a complete university in every species of know: ledee, and yet the children will have no occasion to leave el f dwellings of their parents. (Cheers.) Wily the buildings are 0. this particular extent ls.owing to a number of important deewlin stances which will always sernaln permanent in society. Amon.; ' them-is tit* feet that them We a certain numbetiof persons who ca l be best educated together.. Theshildren of this Soeipty will just form that number. They will have the advantages both of a public and of a private education, Without being either me . one or the other. There.is also another reason why the building ha this extent.. It is intended that in this country the susterealhallorom. priee 1000 acres, which shall be cultivated 'and laid out hr weills and g ardens. Contrary to the present manner of building.sluarca; the circumstance's!, which being well understood, would be do, covered to be vicious. she arrangement here proposed is, that the sitting-rooms are looking ter she front, and not into the area, the parties will have the benefits of the counter,. both before and behind them. They will not be destroyed by the emote in which we now see them enveloped in the city ; nor by any other circumstance which all great cities are peculiarly subject to. Just imagine to yourselves such a public building as this, which . will be superior to all that you hare heard of. There is no palace in Europe, situate as this will be, ear rounding a garden of a thousand acres. The persons residing in it will be able to go from one house to the other without being any way inconvenienced by rain or cold, or any kind of weather, and they may also walk on terraces, and have the benefit of the open air at all seasons, The buildings which you see in the model to be on a smaller scale than the rest are intended for warm and cold bathe, and there will be separate ones for men and mitten. The other buildings which are placed. in this corner are intended for gymnastic and other exercises both toe males and females ; for It is intended that the physical, the moral, and the intellectual powers, shall be all educated equally, day by day alternately. We have, I believe, a very incorrect notice) of what we may become, physi cally, morally, and intellectually, by a proper application of the means afforded us. (Cheers.) In the third cornet there will be lecture rooms of every description ; and . they will be furnished with the most complete apparatus that castle proured. There will be chapels for pieces of worship; there will also be ball rooms and concert.rooros for amusement and recreation ; in short, whatever can contribute to the well-being, the health, the enjoy ment, and the rational recreation of the rational species will be found in this Society. In the fourth part of the building/ there will he apartments ter the sick, so contrived as to be emulated with whatever degree of temperature will suit the health of the patient ; h air.d this will be dune in each apartment as far as it is practicable ; so that to warm weather they mil y enjoy the cool, and in cold wea cher the warmth ; light at night, and every other convenience.. They will at all times be able to pay under the arcades, and will have exercises under cover, the whole length of the equates being more than 400 feet. It is intended that.the whole square shall be laid out superior, I hope, to either Hrostenor.aquare, Portman square, or any of those squares at the west end of this metropolis_ There will else be the heat library that can be collected. (Cheers.) In short it is intended that nothing shall I. wanted to contributes to the real well-being and happiness of all who live within it. Ard why should it be otherwise ? Yoti . possess in this age of improve ment and science twenty.fold more power than would be acquired to moJuce all thii. Af'hen this shall be well understood by you and the public, I consider it impossible that any of you can be cdotent to remain as you are now ; no ! riot even the Sovereign himself! (Immense cheering.) What I mean, my friends, is, that there is no private fortune which can command those combined favourable c ecuinstances, the benefits of which will be given by this Co-opera tive Society to every individual who enters it. It requim, in order to obtain those advantages, the SoCiety which these circumstances elm and will alone be able to form. What Prince can possess those ? What Prince can have his eSil dren educated as those will be who are trained in this Society ? What is of so great an importance to us as the education and tvell being of our children, and what Prince in the world is there from whose children so many unfavourable circumstances will ordhntio renicwed ? Ilere is every thing that can contribute to health. en joyment, and almost every kind ofeaceilence. It may be said that a great dead of time will be required to enable pe sons to learn how to act, and accustom themselves% to those circurnstaaces. My friends, there is nothing so easily acquired as truth. The Only difficulties that stand in our way are, the ignorance and error which we all possess from past times. Let these be but once removal, and the knowledge requisite 'to enter this society may be given in one month. Nay, I will say that a sincle week will be quite as much as will enable you to obtain this valuable know ledge. It is not that we are now in want of the advantages of more science or more knowledge, in order to put us itt rthe possession of it. We have at present as much science, wherever it shall be properly ditected, as will be auffieleut to over supply with this increase for two hundred years to come. It is not then so much the acquisition of new science or new im provement as to know how to apply that which we altestly possess. My friends, this subject has been long familiar to rne. I have given it as much consideration as my !lowers will permit. I have most cautiously avoided bringing it before the productive classes. I devoted many a long year for the purpose and wale purpose of making the higher classes of society acquainted with the prin ciples on which 1 was about to act. It became of the greatest im portance that parties should be thorough Iv acquainted with what I an-4 about. This system is one of union, anti I have waited to see the time when proper attention would be given to the lower orders, a n at • earnest endeavour made to give real and proper information to the mechanics and working classes. Until they had acquired ill:, knowledge, I think it would have been premature in me to have addressed myself to • them. I think I may say, that all parties Ore now sufficiently acquainted pith the nature ef society to make my addressing you at this time quite proper. I r i marentiy neglected the producers in society—but why have I done so ? Because I knew that what I was preparing was so essential for their benefit, that at any time, whenever their attention was called to it, I was sure they would have seized it with avidity. But if tbis had been done sooner, it would have been premature. It was absolutely ne cessary that there should have been a good feelhig created in so ciety before this proposition and exposition should be made known to the productive classes. I have the happiness to live In a period when, I verily believe, that good feeling exists everywhere, and throughout all classes. But it hi absolutely requisite that that good feeling should go on and increase without any limit, for we shall find ourselves in a short time placed under circumstances so very different from any we hitherto have known, that unless we have good feel , hogs amongst us, we shall be apt to err in our progress. I sec no possible mode of arneliotating the condition or promoting the good of the common race, except we place all substantial power hi the producing classes. But I trust that wherever the producing elassea shall discover this power and begin to act upon ft, that the first resolution as to the use they will make of it will be, that no indiv i., dual, of any class, sect, or party, shall be injured in mind, body, tae estate. (Cheers.) Such, I twit, is the course you will adopt.. There will be no occasion to act upon any other principle ; yott will discover that you have in yourselves such a mine of wealth and power, that you will by yourselves severally have obtained much. more to give freely away than what is now wrung from you by error and mistake. (Cheers.) if lam not mistaken in the view of the subject which is now before me, I may venture to advance, what, perhaps, may appear very strange to many of you ; but I ant quite sure that with all your exertions and talent, you are not pro , ducing one-tenth of the wealth that you may otherwise creole under other and better circumstances ;—under these circumstance which I now recommend to you. lam also quite sure that the working classes do not receive now one-tenth of that which they t'o at present create. There is, therefore, a tremendous misapplication of the power of society, and there is no class benefiued by the mis application of it. Here are we in the city, labouring from morning to night in accumulating what we call wealth or money. Whet, we have obtained it we are in a Worse state than we were befn::. (Cheers.) I have had an opportunity to view society behind than scenes, and I ant now cure that if 1 had a chance to leave any children one hundred thousand pounds each, and was to decide whether I would do so or leave them upon their own exertions. I would not hesitate one moment, because I am quite certain that their happiness would be :'neater by leaving them dependent than independent on their own labour. The producing classes have tio reason to complain of the advantages cos_ sensed by the higher claim over them. I conceive (list under the change of circumstances which I now recommend, and which, would be produced by the adoption of the mutual co-operative society, that all ranks will be anxious to become members et the producing chases ; and then, my friends, we shall bare that state of society which for forty years 1 have been contending for. Bat this is an equality quite contrary to all that we have hitherto been tatight. This is an equality that will be permanent, and such as we shall be able to leave to our children. ' and can never be disturbed. Hitherto we hare heard much or liberty anal equality, but I never could yet understand how there could lie any equality where there were inequality of cur cumstances. It would be merely a name to catch the unthilikeig and untaught. Not do I see how we are likely to have any per_ manent liberty in any country, es long as there shall be any ine quality of wealth. Ido not know what sort of liberty that can be called, where one man peewees a complete coniroul over the La bour ofanother. Relative to this subject I have had resolutions put into nay hands, and which, with your permission, I will now read I. Resolved. That under the present general system of society. the great majority of the population of even this most wealthy or countries are suffering under an inadequacy of the comforts, and vast numbers under that of the absolute necessaries of life, while even the few who aro possessed of splendour and superfluity, stet far, probably farther than the poorer classes, front enjoyii.g that happiness which a very moderate competence is capable of affording. 2. Resolved, That the increase of misery, vice, and crime, not withstanding the increasing ac:emulation of wealth, and dittwoori of education in this country, is an afflicting evidence that a better I general social system titan the present is necessary. 1 S. Resolved, That the permanence of some small societies, such 1 as those of the Friends or Quakers, the Moravian', the Shaker, the Humanists, and others, under system, of social atrangctuentq, differing i/3 various degrees from that of general society, and the great comparative absence of misery, elite, and crime in them, appear to demonstrate not only the possibility, but the perfect practicability of a better general social spout. 4. Resolved, That the nearer the system et these email societies approaches to that comneratinn and community of property, die , less misery, vice. and crime, and the more concord, morality. and happiness exist in them. S. itctolvcd, That with regard to thole of the working elssars and others, who do not experience the actual pressure of War.t.dim quantum of crumble, enjoyment, and security for themselves and . timiliea, at present wiiftM th••ir reach, is very much less thwt • would be afforded by the cu-operative system ; and, that as the m eta ative Humours the only predators of wealth, it is obvious that whets theis exertions are tailed upon principles of superior • botial arrangement, there run ha no impediment to a given number of individuals prodecing thr themselves not only an an ample tut - fioiency. but a eonsiderable superabundance. ik G. Resolved. That it is dn'.rable that an expetintatlf So•+ty, . . n. ■t OR TO Ee )y ly r- in td re le Dr if e, I ill d. rt, • DE lil th t; e; in .1 1 rig re of IP ted