The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1818-07-11 00:00:00

volonies a repreaentive system, not having establish ed it in her European possessions. Sim did not cuticeite herself required to do more for her colonies than to acknowledge them as integral parts of the nation, giving them a code of laws as mild as they there protecting, proper for securing their ham& beim mid for procuring them advantages which Oren those observed in European Spain could not offer them. Nn wode►n nation undoubtedly will beast of basing been more Kew-rows. more jest. more moderate in its colonial system Om Spain kits bten. Iu praise of the Indian code, it is sofficieut to lay, that the most judicious of the Insurgents are un willing to adopt in their civil letslation other laws than those which existed befllcre the insurrection. The European Spaniard was Diver considered more free in the eye of the 6w ilau the American Spa niard. If a private whirideal in Spain possesses 110 influence over the (mining of lawny he enjnya at least a greater personal liberty than moat tither nations. This species of liberty was even more extrusive iu America. Never have the Ame ricans, like the Europeans, been 'object to mi litary service, never have they been compelled to serve at sea, with the exception of vsgrauts and some malefactors condemned by the laws. The bystem of fiefs and oresmieradate, so justly censured, was established by the piety of the Kings in favour of the.lndient, but time has discovered ifs abuses, and ft has been abolished. The rutdiewees were insti tuted in America in favour of the Indians, on ac count of the dntertee of the Viceroys sea's. and although some despotic decrees May he cited, it is no less certain that they were habitually the organs of justice. The tribute so much condemned, which the Indians paid, was really less burdensome than the impost. paid by the other classes of the State. Ica name, indeed, rendered it odious, therefore the Government abolished it. together with the inhu man system of tulles, or statute work. The Indian Noble is as favourably treated as the Spanish. What more could be expected from the munificence of Kings ? Egotism exclaims. • The Governors have evaded the lams, their administration has been ar bitrary, the natives have been oppressed.' But in what colony has not this happened ? Have Kings always the power to prevent oppression •` If we cast our eyes on the distinctions created by the Kings to reward virtue and merit. we shall find thus they have been lavished upon the natives. On them have been conferred employments and charges of the highest importance; we see Ame ricans Viceroy., Captains General r: Provinces, Counsellors, Ministers, and Ambassadors to the most important Courts. This deference has been pushed so far, that almost all the Ame►icans who frequented the Court were covered with favours, even those who were not distinguished by their per sonal merit. With regard to commerce, sines it forms the most specious pretext fur the rebels, policy, before it forms an opinion, should consider the constant tendency of other tuitions to frustrate Spain in the peaceable enjoyment of a species of conquest which all have regarded as the fruitful source of the pros. 'verity of European nations. Whoever weighs this motive will be forced to acknowledge, that Spain could not act as the abstract philanthopy of her blustering censors would have dictated!. •• It is certain that the Spanish Government, giving more Latitude to its principle*, would have imposed fewer restraints upon the progress of American' industry, but never at any time was th e prohibitive system with which it has been reproach ed extended to every branch of agriculture and in dainty, but only to a sitisll number of determined objects, of which even the greater part were exempt ed Cum duties iu halter tidies. The Havannah. Porta-111W, and Sint Do• bingo, have obtained the liberty of commerce te quired by their position. But the great tontinental provinces are not in the same situation. They art sufficient for their own maiutenanct; and should not de►ire to have any commerce with foreign tui tions beyond what would be sufficient fur the vessels of the national marine. Prudence and the trim in terests of Spain require, if she would grant a direct communication with foreign ports to the inhabitants of the American Continent, that it should be on principles calculated to secure her own prosperity and that of the colonies. to establish fur the future a just equilibrium, and to maintain the honour and integrity of the nation. It would be as unjust as impolitic to pretend to decide upon interests so im portant with the levity and thoughtlessness of those who have nothing to love ; dnd Spain, of all the mations possessing colonies, would giit the first ex ample of a disinterestedness fatal td her owd con stitution. There are some people who ptetedd that id America the salad was prepared for Seim!Aron, mud that a favourable oppoitanity was glow warding ft , r it to burst forth. " Our author assures as that this assertion is alto. gether false. Politics, religion, a►►d nature suite to prevent America from separating herself from Spain, with so much precipitation mud violence as the Chiefs of the insurgents have displa)ell in their .undoes. The influence of religion is all power. tot lu tiust port of the world. The America► would koliCriVie it a crime to separate from the Spanish Church. The clergy, who are numerous, raid in gene's' faithful to Sp.tin, exert themselves to insiii. Loin thew u i ,it►ioas, auJ have succeeded almost t very !where. " Among the oversights committed by-tlie insure gents of Venetnele, the *mils copyists of the French }leenlittinn, tint ore has been so impolitic or e.t fool to their come es the liberty of worship granted to a people who regard with horror every thing th di is not Catholic. ' l ' At Mexico the revolution aOMP success *mots t the populace, not only from the live of pillage, but from the insinuations of the Curate Hidalgo, who contrived to clothe his revolt in the semblance of • religion% war. Chul per suaded the populace that their religion ran great danger iu the event of Spain ceding to Napoleon her American colonies. " At Buenos Apes the people were disgusted with the persecutions exercised by the Chiefs upon the Bishops. and every honest sod considerate man of the country foresaw that the want of communica tion with Spain and the Holy See would cause an explosion of popular discontent. The Throne of Siarin still finds a firm support in the Nobility. the holders of ulfire. the merchants. and proprietors of America, whose interests are all affected by the revolution. 1 hits is it very rara that an individual. distinguished by his rook or merit. Wks ail active part in those affairs; and should they be drawn by circumstances. or in- duced by the levity of character to enter into them, they are 'melon in testifying their ►egret and in res turning to themselves.. 111 general the insurgen t Chiefrore daring adventurers, who pursue that fur. tune and power which such wars naturally offer, ur sonic individuals of the lowest Orders of the Clergy, who from the same motives are desirous of with draiving from the authority of thrir superior.. 4 ' If the city of Mexico was reels with only 4,000 troops chase from its territory the numeroui army of Hidalgo, who was already exulting in his easy conquest, it war because the upper clakses of soc.ely and the great proprietors bad united, and by their ninolser, tesourcer, and courage, were enabled to overt-ogee the audacity of the populace. " If we cart our eyes on the city of Litivi, we shill see her firm as. a reek, encounter by the some means es Mexico all the efFistr of the inaltrgesits, and drive them from her frontiers. Ilueutis Ayres approached more to a derithcrucy. It carried on a very rich commerce, but it wanted nobler, great proprietors, and cupitalirts; thus the unquiet spirits, Men who to taleuts united an ill-tegalated ambition, found the means of engaging in public affairs, sod of overturning the racial edifice. *, Venezuela, which in various respects may be compared to Buenos Ayres. lid particular motives to drive it to revolt. Its communicationi with the Antilles, its population partly of African its proximity to the Uwited States. the adventure's who flock to it—all these causes have. Concurred to seduce the inhabitants, mild to bind them obsti nately to the car of Revolution. Not wit listanding all these facilities. the traitors have not succeeded in the execution of their designs so promptly as might hove been expected. " The inhabitants have generally preserved • Spanish heart. We have seen the checks which the iusurgents have successively experienced, and the necessity they were under of reducing to a forced independence some people who had remain ed faithful. Corot, Puerto Calello. Santa-Marta, have constantly braved dinar efforts. It may be easily imagined that these provinces would have been reduced to °Witmer, were it not that the Spanish troops had to contend against the ohstacles opposed to them by the avidity of forrigia turns, who had arrived to renew the bands of the iiisnrgetits. The Governments of Europe ought to prevent this disorder, by adopting in.asoires cal culated In inert the artifices of alt esuigr.t:•ot whirl' compromises the honour of nations, and the very principle of legitimate order. " r But how,' it will be asked, could a resit tOtion be effected in the lst of a people who did not desire it, and who even oo idea of it ?' This is eiplaintal by our American. " When Bonaparte ►esalved to subjugate Spain, the nalsub then dl organised, and having uo sup port but its despair, adopted the 'student course of creating Prolducial Juntas, for the purpose of for centres of resistance. This measure, as wise as it was necessary, in the situation of the Peuiusula at that period, furnished a pretest to the discontented A melicans for a•sertiug that similir measure was necessary among them : and it was thus that they surprised the good faith of a number of persons, who not being on their guard against the perfidy of these intliguants, agreed iii the formation of Juntas. These assemblies, al though composed for the greater part of the better classes, became the f. cos of the Revolution. Mexico, the Harannali, Lima, and se►eral other tities that lefused to adopt s:, hazardous a measure, have temained faithful to their monarch, and have preserved their ioternal traisqlsillity. " The leaders of these Juntas avoided announcing the project of a separation from the mother. coati try. They were not ignorant that they would have to combat the opinions of the powerful classes, and the fidelity of a people sincerely attached to their Sovereign. They dissembled tltei► real object, iu speaking only of the Metre of their country against the French. It was thus that, louder the name of Ferdinand VII. and by memos of his a.utho►ity, they succeeded in successively overturning all the an cient ivatitatioa■, and in platen% the colonies in opposition to the Coles of Spaiu. It was also in the name of Ferdinand VII. that they proclaimed their sew constitution•, all of which sere, iu the . \ \ I N 1 . I, .. .1,.•01%, .1 \ , # % commencenteut, founded Lpee monirchical " The distention. between the rolobial Mreht blies and dust of Cadiz, joined to the prolonged cuntivity of the King, at length furnished the trai tors with the opportunity so long des.red of pro claiming independence and the republic. They presented to the people, wearied and harassed, the system of federative republics ...the tinly'pert re twining; for them to take, since they would not submit to the Cortes of Cadet, mid regarded King Ferdinand es a prisoner for life to the usurper. " The fall of Napoleon, the deliverance of Fer dinand, and the re-establishment of the Spanish Monarchy, would have terminated this revolution, unsupported be opinion, and these republics, of which the very founders themselves could not con ceal the inaignificsuce. The Chiefs, terrified at this universal joy manifested by the people on re ceiving the intelligence of Fe►dinand'. deliverance, elodeavunred to reconcile themselves with the Irgi lignite Government. They sent agents to the Court of hissing', whose instructions did tint ac cord with those of the agents they had sent to In reidoo Courts. In awaiting their return they de luded the people with vain hopes; the Spanish Rag floated on the citadel or humus Ayres. " The Monarch could only repot with mi!dnrss his misled subjects, promise them his Royal pro- Intones, sold remedies suited to the evil• complained of. But the Chiefs did not desire an annorsty, they sought to preserve their power add their places. They made sin reply to the offers of the Court of Madrid. A whole year ;wised without one measure that could give hope or peace. It was not until then, after a big Mill generous at tempt, thst the King of Spain caused the squadron to sail frosts Cadiz, that carried Mo:illo and ht- gallant army." We bh.sll rekiime the examination of thew im portant Considerations upon Spanish Arotruca in autftlwr Nutathrr. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. G[:RMAV PAPERS. The fairs of Frankfort and Leipsic have 'hewn what a pre-eminence the u►unufactur►s of Germany and Switzerland have attained over England during the time of the continental prohibition. With respect to primed cotton goods, the manufacture of the Continent had this time the first rank, and the Eng lish ►hewed themselves inferior us well in the choice of the patterns, as to the taste and beauty of the work. The English themselves who were at these fairs, could not conceal their adn►in►tiou, and many articles were bought by them, which they have sent to England to setae as patterns. The English mer chants had not yet produced in our market the Merino articles, with coloured designs (rove d'Adrianopk) which are so much in vogue, nor double Merinos, of two different reds, and with coloured branch of industry which, for some years past, and teen at present, belongs ex clusively to the Confluent. The stuffs of the fol lowing colours, six. crimson, poticests, soul pur ple, in particular, were extremely beautiful, and writ all bought up during the first week of the fair. Other new productions ut a sorted nature obtained good prices, mid were ►oon entirely bought up. The carpets or the first manufactories of Switzer land and Germ:my wire fir superior to the English carpets, both iu the elegance of the patterns and the brilliancy of the colours. The continental goods rioted on the cylinder of the best u►suufac tories, rivalled those of Esigland, and the latter were in part sold at low pliers. The English goods of superior quality m+tintaiued their prices, whereas ordinary goods fell in large quantities into the bands of several speculators, who hawked them about ; the Lime thing happened to German piloted good* of ordinary quality. In general, smee articles of good quality were sought after, and liberally paid fur. The German public u►ust be every clay more and more conviticed, that when the prices are equal, the English goods are always in ferior in quality to those of Germany, and that the solid productions of the latter are always cheaper than those of England.— ( AI/gelatine %tilting.) lITUTGA ED, JUNE Q 7. Our enlightened Government throw', no obstacles in the way of the emigrations. which have hitherto been mold iu Wirteinherg almost every year, and which were permitted also by the ancient Constitu tiou of Wirtemberg ; but it at the same tune takes wise incisor's that those desirous of emigrating may not be deceived by impostors, who try to take advantage of the natural thoughtlessness and the ignorance of the common Swat Lien pea!aut•. Cure is taken, by means of publications adapted to the people, that those who nave a mind to emigrate should be better informed respecting the nature of the count ries to which they propose to remove, and the situation of the settler* of the Wirtetubergen, who, confiding in the vain promises of rapacious specu lators, emigrated to Poland. Russia, and the Cri mea, many have returned, whose accounts of what happened to them are the best antidote to the desire of en.igration in the ttt i t selm of thei► country. men. A publication has been 'united which paints iu the most striking colours the mid fute that awaits the Germans ill thin" countries. The in-comas from the many Wit tembergers who event last yea► to North America, •re nuked more egrer•blr, es a considerable number of them wire so fortunate as lo hod an estalulisliment ANA Si they wished ; but single instances sisaciently prove how useful it is here also to have a previous knowledge or the country to which people mean to go, • very useful guide to emigrants to North Ame ,rica, lies therefore been published at Tubem gen, under the title of a' North America, or the Newest Accounts of the North American Re publics, by a Wirtemberger settled in that coon. try, dedicated to Iris countrymen, With a View of Philadelphia." This publication, on account Of its great utility, is greatly approved and extensively circulated in the country. Those, however, are but little acquainted with Wirtemberg, and are in a great error who ascribe the annual emigrations, which are, in fact, often numerous in comparison with the countries, to any other cause than excess of population and the stagnation of various branches of employment—l Nuremberg Correspon dent. June 30 ) SWITZERLAND. JUNE 'id._ Private accounts from St. Maurice say. i• The lake is entirely drained ; the torrent carried away fifty-two houses of the tillage of Champsal, with all the soil, all the barns, and a fine wood. the inhabitants are obliged to seek elsewhere au abode and subsistence; We houses of Have, and some at St. Branchier, have also disappeared, at the latter place five meadows have been washed away down to the very rocks near St. Bratichier to Moistened). The torrent drove before it the forest which accumulated to the height of • high bill, and every thing that was in its course. The wire manofuetory of M. Kolb, of Geneva, con sisting of silt buildings, which lay fifty feet above the level of the Menu, were carried away in an instant ; five persona perished. At Mastenach, the stream rose to the first floor of the houses ; se. veral houses, trees, and many barns are carried away ; numbers of people and cattle perished. On the 21 it, the positive details were not known. The country for three leagues round is covered with slime and wood. On the 20th, the overseer of the Convent of St. Maurice, attempted to go to Mosteitach, but he perished in the Dranu. On the 21st large quantities of provisions arrived at St. Maurice, from the Canton of Vaud, for the unhappy persons, who, cut off from all communi cations, are in danger of perishing by famine (their cries of distress are said to have been heard from afar), bait they could not be conveyed to them— (Aran Gazette, June 97.) THE BRITISH PRESS. HA MBEIRGH MAIL. JIM 29. DEATH OF TIIE QUEEN DOWAGER OF SWEDEN. The Queen Dowager has survived her late con sort only four umiak' . •od • half. Her Majesty, Ilidewig Elizabeth Charlotte, Queen of Swaden and Norway, born Duchess of Sleswiek Holstein, Ste. &rt. died here in the Royal Palace, on the eveuing of Saturday, the Ruth of June, after a long indisposition, which terminated in a violent Attack of spasms, to the great affliction of his Majesty our most gracious King, of her Majesty the Quern, of their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prince and the Princess Royal, of the now.inisembled Estates of the Kingdom, and of all his Majesty's faithful subjects. The King, who seldom suffered a day to paps witl t seeing the Queen, and who generally spent the evening with her, and on every occasion 'hewed a truly filial attachment to her, seems deeply sen sible of this new loss. Ger Majesty was niece by tl►e father's side to King Adolphus Frederick of Sweden, daughter to Frederick Augustus, Duke of Holstein Oalenhurg, Prince of l.ubeck, who was married to Ulrica Frederica of Hesse Cassel, niece by the fatl►vr's sitle to King Frederick I. of Sweden. She was born March 32, 1759, sod married at Wismar, January e 2, 1774. Since the year lel I, foreign travellers have been prohibited from coming into the kingdom, without having first obtained a Royal license. Orders are now gimp, that foreign mechanics also, after hav ing been examined in the nearest frontier town, shall wait for a Royal license before they proceed into the interior; and that, in general, every Co o-riper must be provided with a passport from the Swedish Ambassador. Consul. or Agent, in his country ; which Ordinance shall begin to be en forced three months after the publication. American vessels are now taking in large quan tities of iron at Gottenburg. At the beginning of this month immense masses of snow still lay in the woods of Eldlecarlia, and against most of the fences drifted snow of a great depth. The waters were so swelled by the melting of this snow. that, for example, • dam raised a month ago, half an elI above the usual highest watermark, has been washed away. WILNA. JUNIN 12. Ills Majesty the King of Prussia arrivrd here on the loth, under the name of Count Ruppin. and alighted at the Royal Palace. His Majesty viewed several of the churches mid other public buildings. The city was illuminated in the evening. His Ma. jesty proceeded next moruing on his journey to Moscow. WARSAW, JUKI 22. The funeral service for General Dombrowski was performed byre ou the 17th with great pomp. The vestries dok►ris, adorned with trophies and stand ard*, veils composed of signs and armour. and upon LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 11, ISIS. The Paris Papers of the 7th (Tuesday) arrived last night. The follovviug are extracts : PARIS, JULY 7. The King transacted business yesterday after breakfast with the Duke of Richelieu, Iris M - Mater fur Foreign Affairs, and after mass with the Minister of the Interior and General Police. At three o'clock he took a ride in an open chaise in the forest of Manly. Their Excellencies the Duke of Richelieu, the Minister Plenipotentiary of Austria, and Count Palmela, the Ambassador of Portugal to the Court of London, had • conference with the Duke of Wellington. Their Excellencies, accompanied by the Noble Duke, afterwards visited the English► Ambassador. The Five per Cent. Consols were yesterday 75 f. Bauk Actions 1.6371. A Hemsburgh Mail arrived last night, with Papers of recent date. The Continental' Sove-; reigns have been, since the end of the war, in c on . 'taut motion. The Emperor of RUsSIOA was eX. peCtPd at Moscow, on the 10th last. Time KiuK of I'aUssll had arrived at Wilna, for the .awe • destination. German Papers have arrived at our Office. The Allgenseine Zell's% contains a long article, to which we beg leave to direct the notice of our ina nufacturing friends, in which the superiority of the German and Swiss tuininfactures is positively as serted over those of Great Britain. %V shall not presume to express an opinion upon this point, hot shall merely remark, that if such be really the case, there no longer exists any pretence for manifesting so strong a jealousy against British manufactures as the Continentslists have displayed since the termi nation of the war. Our merchants may now be ad mitted to their markets, and to engage in a compe tition with the manufacturers of Switzerland and Germany, when their articles of commerce are so decidedly inferior to those of their rivals. An article from Stutgard mentions. that the Government of Wirtemberg never adopted any coercive measures to restrain the spirit of einigra. tion from that country, and it is well known that Wirtembergers formed a large proportion of the Europeans, who, during the two or three last years. sought in such large bodies the shores of North. America. It appears that many of them had also been induced to exchange their comparatively free Constitution, for the slavery of Poland, Russia, and the Crimea. Emigration isseltioin resorted to by any man possessing in his own country themeaus of livelihood ; it therefuic must happen that the great majority of those who seek after the imaginary wealth of distant lands are, on their arrival in the country of their adoption, wholly incapable of making eiiy exertion, nod finding themselves in greater than before, they direct their wearied st e ps 11,,na wards, and return to their native scene* with the accumulated misery of a double emigration. Such must be the results to the generality of the lower classes of the people, who depend upon their daily labour for subsistence; and though we think they should not be prevented by strong measures (mar what they would call " seeking their fortunes; we hold it that he is neither their friend, nor the. - V 4 \ ‘‘ ' .~,~ it Will the coal'', supported by four Polish' eaglet, The portrait of the deceased was crowned with lau rel ■nd cypress. The whole church was finely illu minated. A regiment of car.dry •as drawn up in front of the church. On the 15th was laid with all due ceremony the first stone of St. Alexander's church, in memory of the entry of the Emperor into the capital of the kingdom of Poland, because leis Majesty would not allow the erection of a triumphal arch, for theexpense Of which voluntary contribution• had already hero made by the inhabitants. The church is to he in the (*Orin of the Pantheon at Rome. The atioliver-. sorry of the proclamation of the kingdom of Pulsod was solemnized the day before yesterday. ST. PETS/AMNON, JUNE 10. According to accounts from Moscow, it was ex pected that his Majesty the Emperor would return to that city to-day. On the 25th of June his Majesty will arrive here from Moscow, and in a few diys the Imperial Court and the Count Ruppiti, and thus we shall hare the happiness to see the Im perial Family among us again, after an absence of nearly nine months. His Majesty was on the Bth nt . Mak at t'erekop, on the 91h at Simpheropol, in the Crimea, on the 10th at Kertach and Jenikale, and departed on the following day to the south coast of the Crimea. The return of the Cotirt will much increase the splendour of the capital. The improvements that hare been completed during its absence, as wrll as those that have been commenced, excite the 'mini", of every one who has been only a short time absent from St. Petersburgh. All diligence is used to have every thing in the most perfect ordrr before the ar rival of the Court.