The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1824-06-23 00:00:00

FRANKFORT PAPERS. Vetter*lay we received Frankfort Papers to the 15th inst. One of them contains a project for ameliorating the con dition of the Jews, which has been submitted to the Cham ber of Deputies at Smug:mit. It is but a few years ago that the Jews at Frankfort, ['tough forming a fifth part of the population, were petit up in a nook of the city, which bad but one place or egress, and even this was shut up at night ; and twit now, in Germany, they labour under teeny galling restrictions, which are a disgrace to an age that bmists of its civilization. 'f he following are extracts:- 4 F.TUTTGARDT. JUNE 8. The Chambers( Deputies, in its Sitting of the 4 h of June, re. eeived from It. Poe Schmidlin two pro i-ta of law, the first of which relates to the civil condition of the Jews, and has fur its ob ject, by a system of legislation adapted to our times, to make their condition harmonize with the general welfare, and likewise to faci. Mate as much M possible the means of &mating and qualifying the Israelites fur the enjoyment of their civil rights, on their tak. log upon them, on the other hand, all civil duties. In general, therefore, the Jews settled in the kingdom shall enjoy the rights of subjects of Wurtemburg, and be ,autject to all the civil lees, and bound to fulfil all the duties and obligation* of the other citizens. 'Every Jew settled in the kingdom must belong to one certain -committee, as citit.ei or proprietor. With respect to the right of acquiring real property , and rev din g in another commune. the Is raelite shall be placed on the same footing as the Christian ; but he is prohibited from acquiring real property tie the purpose of re selling it, and 'the necerary renlibitiotur are precrilied to prevent any trade of this kind. The Israelites *hall be allowed further to found separate colonies, with their own demarcation earl particular municipal constitution, with the obligations annexed to them, espe cially for the support of the poor, and may purchase the lend ne cessary for this purpose, in which the State will attired them mery reasonable facility. The Jew shall farther he entitled, as well as the Christian. to choose his preferion and trade at pleasure. and I qualify himself for it either at ho me or abroad. , But while the Jews are thus to be permitted to exercise every description uf trade ' and profession, the law contains the necessary regulations to pre- vent the inconveniences of the petty retail trade, &c. Particular regard is had to the 'improvement of the Jews, In a re., ligious, moral. and Intellectual view. Two chapters of the law treat of the churches and schools of the Jews. Parents and guerilla= are bound to have et& children and wards of both sexes, from the age of six to fourteen, instructed in public schools, for which purpose the necessary dispositions are made foe the establishment of Jewish elementary schools; and with veferesee to the liberty in the exercise af tmir religion allowed the Jews, various regulations are made, for :he purpose of so the of the Jewish church, without touching the = 1" 1 their religious woikliip as hitherto penctised, than an improved religious education may be gradually effected. SW:TZEILANT, JUNE 5. Charles Pfyffo, Captain of the Swiss Papal guard, has ban fur some days at I.nrerne, his native city. He is commissioned by the rope to renew the capitulation for the company of guards, which has subsisted for three centuries, due regard being paid to the alterations that allay he necessary on amount of the change of circumstances. Hellas already presented to the Council the Papal brief PO this ; and the emaciation', which can hardly meet *4th any difficulty, oil even he brought to • satisfactory termina tion by the Council. 4t said that 31. Pfeifer in likewise corn atiosicased to communicate the wish nf Holiness to take into his pay a corps of 2,000 Swim troops of and to enter into ne gotiations for the purpose. M. d'Oubril isen his way to Madrid, as Minister Pleni•-1 potentiary from the Ituasian Court. Th e Chevalier Moreno y Davie, the Spanish Minister at the Court of Denmark, died on the Ist of June, in the 40th fear of his holding that post. A letter front the frontiers of Catalonia, dated June 9, 'hews the diereses' state to which the inhabitants have been reduced by the failure of the harvest. The follow ing is an extract :—" A debarkation of corn being on the point of taking place at Arenys del Mar, against the laws of the State, which prohibits the importation of corn, the custom-house officers mustered all their force tor event it. The tocsin, however, was sounded, and the inhabitants rising ea matte, compelled thorn to retreat, and secured the discharge of the cargo." Advice from Grenada, dated January 26, state that the free coloured inhabitants of that colony, on hearing of some commotion in a neighbouring French colony, held a public meeting, at which they voted a patriotic address to Ida Britannic Majesty, and declared that for •whatever grievance they have to complain of, they will seek no other redress than that which may be procured by petition., A private letter from Zink!, dated May 14, in the Journal de 21.farseeller, unym that news had been received there of the defeat of the Elyptian fleet by a squadron of 14 Greek vessels off Sonde. It was added, however, that the news neededeonfirmation. Letters from Bahia, of the 28th of April state, that every thing was perfectly tranquil, but that the exhaustion ll and poverty caused by the late war were so great, that the natives hail not a shilling to lay out in trade. For a month previous to the date of this letter scarcely a sale had been r:ported. ADULTERATION Or WINE IN Panic—A correapon dent from Paris says—To such an alarming degree is this practice arrived among the retailers of wine in this me tropolis,and so dreadful its effects, that a day or two ago, a young man, 23 years of age, having drank a single bottle of wine at a wine-house, at the Barrier de la Villette, fell down on leaving the house, and lay as if dead ; assistance, being obtained, be was restored: and it was declared by a medical attendant that this paralytic attack proceeded from the noxious nature of the wine he bad taken. A similar event happened latt Monday in a wine-house, rue Nleslee ; a man fell dead in the tap-room after thinking a chopine of wine. It is to be hoped the Government will take this affair in hand. Dscistos or A GASTRONOMER.—The other day, in ' Paris, some friends of good cheer having met round a table covered with all the delicacies which money and the Palais Royal are capable of providing, a question was started to know which of the two nations, the French or the English, were the most civilized. An amateur of Gastronomy gave is his opinion, that the pre-eminence belonged to the Britons. "Their manlier of eating," said he, "is a proof of my assertion ; they calculate better than we. For in stance, the small fork, either of steel or silver, it irrevo cably attached with them to the left hand, and he knife to the right. 'flu: fork seizes, the knife cuts, and instantly carries the morsel to the mouth. The manceuvre is pre cise as well as quick ; Mere is so loss if time ; it is truly the Prussian tactics. In France the first motion is made much in the same manner; but as soon as the pieces are cut, we ground our arms, the knife lies motionless, on the right isle of our plate, and the fork passes from the left to the right band. First loss gr tiine.—The hand seizes it, carries it to the morsel previously cut, and a third motion raises it to the mouth. The English method is far superior in all respects. As the weld civilization signifies the science of living, which science consists in living well, that is to say, in good eating, I conclude that the English are a more civilized people than the French. SVith respect to, economy of time (says our Correspondent), I think our French Advocate is in the right, as very few of our City Aldermen would allow their turtle or N . nison to cool, while he amused the company with a discussion on the manual of the knife and fork. - - STEAM NAVIGATIOV.—(From a Correspondent.)—The advantages which steam navigation affords to travellers will be shortly extended in an extraordinary degree on ihe coast of Scotland. A steam boat, very superior in her size, con struction, and accommodations, will be established in the month or July between Loch Tauber., Isla Stalfa, lona, Lod even the Giant's Causeway, and thus, with but a trif im intermission, there will be a communication by steam between London and the above places, the route being as follows:—Prom London to Edinburgh per steam ; from Edinburgh to Glasgow 40 miles, by a good mid or a plea sant water conveyance in track boats ; from Glasgow to Loch Tarbert, per steam ; and from the latter place the new steam boat will convey passengers three tunes per' week to Isla Staffa and the Giant's Causeway. It is need less to point out the advantages which travellers in general, but more particularly the curious, will now enjoy, of being enabled, by means of this pleasant and expedi tious conveyance, to visit these parts of the North, so cele brated both for the remains of antiquity, and the wonders of nature there displayedin so remarkable a manner. The following letter is sad to have been written by a Noble Lord to the Secretary of a certain Bible Society, in answer to an application that lie would become its Prea dent : Sitt—l am both surprised and annoyed at the application con tained is your letter • surprised because my well-known character should have exempted me from any application of the sort, and an noyed. hermitic it compels me to communicate with you. I have been addicted to play; I have lately taken to the turf; I fear I frequently blaspheme, and I never ilistnbute religious tracts: all this was well known to you, and the society ; and in spit* of It you I were willing Kt ecnsider me a fit person to become its Presidem. Uud forgive your hypocrisy. I would rather live in a land of , sinners than ut saints. I am, yours, &e. POWhJ OF mrmonn The fullowiag sketch of a learned Italian, illustrates the extraordinary power of :Memory : Signor Antonio Magliallechi, librarian to the Grand Dukes of Tuscany, was born at Florence, October 29, in the year 1633. Such was the poverty of his parents, that they thought themselves happy is getting him into the service of a-man who sold herbs and fruit. Here he took every opportunity, though he could not tell one letter from another, to pore on the leaves of seine old books that served for waste paper, declaring that he loved it of all things. A neighbouring bookseller, who observed this, took him into his service. Young Maglialiedii soon learned to read, and his inclination for reading became his ruling pinion, and a prodigious memory his distinguished talent. Ile read every book that came into his hands, and retained not only the sense of what he read, but often all the words, and the very manner of spelling. if singular. To make trial of the force of his memory, a g,endeman lent him a manuscript he was going to print. Some time after it was returned, the gentleman came to hint with a melancholy taco, and pretended it was lost. Magliabechl being re quested to recollect what he remembered of it, wrote the whole, without missing a word, or varying • the spelling. He was consulted by all the learned who proposed to write on any subject. If a priest, for instance, wadi going to compose a panmyric on a saint, Magliabeehi would tell him every author, to the number of an hundred sometimes, who had said any thing of that saint, naming the book and the page, and the very words. Ile did this so often, and so re adily, that he came at last to be looked on as an oracle; and eosin°. 111. Grand Duke of Florence, made him his librarian, the most suitable office to Magliabeclu's genius. In the latter part of his life, when a book came into his hands, he would read the title page all over, dip bet e.and there in the preface, dedication, and prefatory ad versirements, if there were any ; and then cast his eyes on each• of the divisions, sections, or chapters. After tbis he could tell at any time what the book contained. Thour,t hlagliabechi must have lived a very sedentary life, yet lie attained to the age of 81. He died July 14, Hl4, In the midst of the public applause, after enjoying, during all the latter part of his life, such an affluence as very few persons have ever procured by their knowledge or learning. By his will lie left a very fine library, collected by himself, for the wee of the public, with a fund to mnintain it; and the ovcrplus of the fund to the poor. It had been usual for every author and printer to make him a present of a-copy of every thing they published. Though he was not an ecclesiastic, he would never marry. lie was quite slovenly in his dress. Ile received his friends, and those who came to consult him on any point of literature, in a civil and obliging manner; though in general he had -almost the air of 4 savage, and even affected it ; together with a cynical or contemptuous' smile. In his manner of living, he affected the character of Diogenes ; three hard eggs, and a &tight or two of water, were his usual repast. When any one went to see : him, they most usually found him lollingin a sort of fist -wooden cradle, in the middle of his study, with a multi tude of books, some thrown in heaps, and Others scattered about the floor, all around him ; and this his cradle or bed, was attached to the nearest piles of books by a number of cobwebs. At their entrance he commonly used to call out to them, " Not to hurt his spiders." [ADVERTISE]MENT.] ABSTRACT OF THE EQUITABLE LOAM lIANIC RILL, IN ITS PRESENT AMENDED FORM. Ist. Asa Joint Stock Company, it retains only the privilege o suing and being sited in the name of its Secretary. 2d. The objact of this Institution iv the immer;a!,. amelioration of the ystem of lending money to distressed persons on deposit. Thus, on smell pledges below the value of half.a.crown, the Com pany will lend to the poor surfboat any charge of interest whatever. :fd. On loans from half-a-crown to ten ponnds, the Company's charge ti,r interest is only 10 per cent. ; whereas the Pawnbroker, to the amount of 40s. chirges 21/ per cent., and 15 per cent. from two pounds to ten. 4:h. The Company limits itself to a division of only 7. per cent. dividend, appropriating all surplus profit above this dividend to a fund for the ultimate sail farther rednetion of Me rate of interest on its IJUNS. Ily this arrangement the Cornoeny calculate, that, in leis than 50 years, they will be thus enabled to lend four millions annually on pledge at 5 per cent. In addition to this they propose, from time to tint°, to distribute certain sums to *chock and hos. Rave now in caisson*, or hereafter to be endowed ; and yet some h3ve contended that the Equitable Loan Bank is not an Institution for public and beneiolent objects. sth. On all yeasts above the vale* of Ism pairado, the Rill limns the rate of interest charged to 5 percent. with an allowance of.. per cent for warehouse room, for insurance against fire, for risk of de teriovation of value, either by decay or In the market price—for risk of restitution as stolen property, or of loam by lending more than the real value; so that with all these rinks the Company will lend to any amount on deposit at 7l per cent.; whereas the Pawn. broker can, and does, under the present law, by dividing the pledge and duplicates into sums beloW ten pounds, exact from the bor. rower 15 per cent on loans to own comport—and It is in evidence before the Committee, that transactions of this description, to the extent offifly thousand "melds, have been earned on by one indi. vidusl with a charge of IS per cent.--oertainly by as evasion of the law, but by an evasion not tangible. The Company, therefore, seek only to do that legaLly and openly at 5 per cent with a fair commission, which the Pawnbroker can now, by an erasion, do with impanity at 15 per cent. to way extent. The benefit of this arrangement to the distressed of a higher class, especially in a mercantile community like that of England, • is self-evident; nor is it any infraction of the Usury lawn, to take, in addition to legal interest, a fair end usual charge, in no way more than adequate to the expenses and risk which it is to cover. 6th, As to the safeguards of the Pledger.—. The Bill provides the most summary and certain modes for the recovery of property pledged, supposing it to be lost or destroyed by 'um accident : a short form of information is inserted in the Bill, and the f'ompany, on the Magistrate's warrant, must pay the value of the article, with a fine of double that amount to the owner, recoverable by die. WWI. Surely this is a more certain and satisfactory remedy to the owner of the property than the commitment of the Pawnbroker, if he could obtain it ; but it is in evhlenre, from the most respectable Magistrates, that, for want of a form of information in the Pawn. broken' Act, wine times out of tea the information is quashed, and the poor man efts so remedy at all. 7th. As to the sa.frossards of Pablie Justier.--The servants of the Company are themselves compelled to sign the duplicates they issue, and they are thereby made personally liable, by a special clause in the Bill, to crimiaal prosecatios foe receiving stolen goods improperly. By this Bill, therefore, the principal' arc held in heavy pietwol. 1 ary liabilities, and the servants are made personally liable:- two. fold check. therefore, is thus established ; for if it could be sup- posed that the principals would give dishonest instructions to the servants, the savants being thus personally liable would not obey them ; whereas there is no such check in the case of the Pawn. broker--if he gives dishonest instructions, the servant, as is proved in Me evidence, will not hesitate: for what is it to him that his mas ter is liable while he himself is held harmless 1 11 :Is farther safe nark fbr the good emtdoct of the Company, the Bill provides, that all Sharehiaders shall be liable, not merely to the amount of the shares, but to the full extent of their for tunes: and that all Shareholders, for the time being, may be known, it is enacted, that all changes in the possessors shall be re gistered. In addition to this the t'ompany may be called upon by Parliament for a yearly statement of their accounts. It has been (thieved, that gentlemen could not be the Directors of such an Establishment, because they could not understand the practice? part of Pawnbroking. It might as well be said, that the Directors of a Coal Company must be Colliers, or that those of a Pearl Fishery should Ise DlOO7. The practicability of such an In stitution, conducted by proper servants duly resposisibk to their principals, and to the public, is sufficiently proved by the real ex istence of the Most dr Pieles of the Continent. No servant will be employed by the Equitable Loan Bank without limper *amity to the Company, and they are all personally responsible to the puitlic by a special enactment in the Bill. If diacritic such a Bill is not to pass, fraught as it is with such beneficent objects us the public, and with such security for its good conduct in every respect, municipally and individually, there is an end to all speculative institutions for the public good ! But, in truth, if ever a doubt were thrown upon the utility and importance of this Establishment, it has been by wilful misrepresentations, and from the want of due comprehension of its real objects. It is true, the plan has been brought forward in haste, from its having originated late in the Session ; but the only object of the promoters has been fairly and openly to meet the Legislature upon It. They might. with the exception of the power of suing and being sued, have proceeded equally well, and in some respects store anliseitrdly, without a Bill. The Bill is, in fact, In all re , speets, except this facility of transacting their business, a vo/un. tare tut of restriction, by which they have surrendered more than half the pros which they might have shared as Pawnbrokers without a Bill. To the wisdom of Par!inment, however, they have now submitted themselves, in the sincere desire of adopting all those regulations which the Legislature might choose to initiate upon them ; and having so done, they feel themselves rally en. titled to the unbounded confidence of the public. 22d June, ITN. A few days ago, at the Theatre of Itourdeaux, a piece,: called Ps,ifelie, was to have been represented, but the per former who should have acted the part of 7.ci6irus, having the misfortune to displease the autlieoce, he was distressed at the violent hissing from the pit, that he refused to con tinue his part ; the in rage increased, the actor remained obstinate, when a gendarme seized the unfortunate Zephir and led him off to prison ; his wings being deposited with , he goalcr. he was shut up iu a c.:11 to sigh at his case.— DiaLie FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF 'POLITICAL ECONOMISTS. TO TUE EDITOR 01 - 111 T; BRITISH PRESS. Cott—My father has frequently stated his conviction, that the world had attained a point in civilisation. where en important change in the institutions of society was equally desirable and Li mitable. A principal reason for this belief he has, in general terms, stated to be deduccable from the progress of scientific im provements. and, as it appear' to me, with much reason. If the following contiderations on this important subject, which my father's numerous engagements prevent him from explaining to the public as fully as he wishes, should place the matter in a novel or striking point of vLir before any of your readers, I shall have at tained the object which induced Me to commit them to paper. Let us suppose a country, the Inhabitants of which existed, in tolerable comfort, by the prodieetsftheit own unassisted labour, to have discovered a nation of 'dare*, who exi s ted in Tull heal th and vigour withiat toting or thinking, or likening, the end and aim of whose being with labour; who avoid work for any length of time, even at the most monotonous and disagreeable occuotitions, with out becoming either impatient or fatigued ; who always performed the allotted task with nntrearied punctuality and undeviating, steady uniformity and °memos, day by day, and week by week, 81111 year by yettr, vet without promise of hire or expectation of re ward, whose united efforts produced atigantie and overwhelming power, vet one which was never exert el but in their master's ser vice and a t his command, and which never injured him in any way but by the effect of accident only; amongki whom no combinations against their master could be formed. no opposition to his wishes be ever shewn, /rot his right of uncontrintled direction and a b so lute government be ever &Misted Of questioned ; with whom a touch was sufficient to es press his wislies, and to insure their fulfilment; for whom no treatthent Was crud, nor any demand* On their exer. lions unjust or ettorltitant ; 'befit iocitlental infirmities could he e as ily a nd cert a inly cured, and whose , bodies, when afloat man nut by age and incessant labour thete powers began to fail, mikht be taken for any purpose to atbkh the materials which mortised them were applicable i yet. withal, a race susceptible of inlinfte and increasing improvement, without prejudices, and capable of being moulded to any character which their masters required them to assume. Suppose, too, that millions of these dates could be bordered a o. noafly by the nation which haytethered them. Then, let me a k,Oat woe the 'nee of such in hnporta dot ? Would the discovery, itself,'be a fortuhate or an unfor tunate one ? I reply, it would be a most fortunate and valuable discovery in itself; yet capable, withost o eurrespotoling cheve in Me institu tions of the Ratio., of penduclug infinite misery and mischief. In this way.—The present institutions of all rivilized nations render each member of the working classes dependent for subsist. encc on the demand in the market for tht irticles, in the produce of which he may happen to be mid -yeti. Whatever, therefore. diminishes the tuattet demand, creates misery in the same pro-' portion. Now the infltr.s.nce which the importation of Such Slaves would produce is two-fold. Those who employ the working classes, and. by their labour, supply the market, would find themselves called upon to choose between them and the newly-imported workmen. Can we doubt what the derision must be ? Is not 'the answer, which they, ro men of business, must make to any of their former servants, who might remonstrate against a decision in favour of the slaves, evident and conclusive : "Can you exist without eating, or drinking, or sleeping ? Wilt you work without wages, and never exhibit a sign of impatience err fatigue, however long we may Wish to employ you ? Will you never complain of cruelty or injustice, in whatever manner you may he treated ? Even then you are in ferior, as work-people, to this new 'rate. How can we be assured that you will form no combination; against us to our injury, that you will never (moose our wishes, never dispute our authority. or question our right of government ? flow can we be assured. m fine, that you wili give up your wishes, your feelings, your min dices, and your interests, and become our willing slaves s's this in valuable nation is ? If these things are so, how can you expect to be preferred. as workmen, to them ? As superintendents, we are willing and desirous to employ some of yott, but in any other cape chy your labour is now useless to us." Thus, then, would the newly-imported slaves become the weak. people of the nation who imported them ; and the twofold influ ewe of their importation would constat, Ist, In a vast inerenee of market produce ; and idly, In a diminished necessity for the labour in the working classes. Now, certainly, in thernsehrs, these effect are not calculated to peoduce much misery. To hare too mach of retry thing that is deArste, end too tittle to di, is ahtaisinß it, if it be a miefortune, is ans. at heat . of which the working classesseldom complain, sod 'toe which bas tot seem necessarily allied to penury and starves liwiredly, in countries where the market demand regu lates the employment, and consequently the food which the labourer can obtain, superfluity of the objects of desire, and inctoued facility in producing them, do prove positive and lamentable evils. In • nation, therefore, whose commercial smingements were similar to ours, the importation of a multitude of slaves, possenabd of the qualities I have enumerated, would be calculated, by afford ing extreme facility of production and increasing its wealth pro portionably, to glut its markets, and to deprive its labourers of employment and of food, because they were producing too much of every thing. Now, believe that a stale of things, fit whirls an lacrosse width creates poverty, and in which the facility of pr means of sabssetence exposes to starvation, cannot ion= Is any sau na. Arai thieslebelleve to be thelwesent* state Ortbinis *hi Otlii Britain and Ireland. • /reit Britain has discovered an innianerabk nation of meelumicel and classical slaves ; and they are beginning to produce almost every thing she requires. Her working classes have become super intendones of mechanism, and her real wealth is inert:ming to an enormous extent. If pewee and wealth constitnte proiperity, her scientific disco veries have made her prosperous indeed. But if the effect of pros perity be to produce comfort and happiness, then has Great Britain's commercial system of arrangements (fbrmed in a period of comparative adversity, when an increase of production was the greatest blessing, and a famine the greatest evil that could befall), not only deprived her of all the benefits of Fosperity, but mined a blessing to a curse, and proved Itself totally unadapted to the pee. sent state of knowledge and of scientific power. As long to the supply a our Mania shall be made to depend on the artificial and fluctuating demand of the market, so long is prosperity a positive evil If our storehouses were empty, and our markets ill supplied, then trade would flourish, employment would be procured, the workmen would receive high wages, and the very expenditure of these wages would serve to increase the general demand, and with it the means of future employment for their labour—until, alas ! prosperity again approached us, until our storehouses became tilled, and our markets overflowed—and then our ferment would begin to starve, and our manufacturers to become bankrupt. Some new vent is, doubtless, omasionally found, either at bone or abroad, producing a temporary relief from the cvilseof abundance, but part of the immense amount of spare capital which at present inundates this country, is instantly employed to supply each in creasing demand, sad the subsequent revulsion in the market is only the more quickly anal painfully felt. If some malevolent being were to afford us the means of increas ing our production, instantaneouly, tenfold, on condition that the present commercial relation of demand and supply should remain unaltered, we should probably all die of want before the end of the year; for the glut on the market would he insupportable, nothing would sell for half its prime cost, and the nation would become bankrup.. Surely we cannot long remain blind to the fact, that increasing prosperity is but increasing misery, so long as our commercial system retains its present form I Sanely it need not rontinne to be a condition of enjoyment, that the means of enjoyment shall not superahomid ! ]"et this condition, useless as it Is at all times, and ruinous, as it has proved itself, in proportion as we approach to abundance and prosperity, is virtually imposed on the enjoyment of the world, so long as men continue to buy and sell in the market against each other; in other words, so lung as the existing system of individual commercial competition exists. Could a malignant spirit have im a restriction more ingeniously fraught with destructive in fluence ce to society ? The more rapidly we accumulate all the good things of this world around us, the more certainly do they elude our grasp ! Was Tantalus more severely punished then this ? And not to want and poverty alone are the effects of this in dividual competition confined. I, as a merchant, wish to buy cheap, and to sell dear t but all other merchints wish me to buy dear, and to sell cheap. Is not one man's hand against every man, and every man's hand against him la It not a proof of the ex cellence of human nature that honest men should be found in society with institutions such as this? If wealth, and honesty, and benevolence, and union, are desire.- able to be attained, do we art wise]. in surrounding ourselves by circumstances so pregnant with poverly, and disnonesty, and male volence, and dissension? Is it not possible to combine other cit.. CUMSIMICSS, under which abundance shall be indeed a blessing, and where it shall become our apparent. a. well as our real, inte rest, to practise honesty and benevolence towards our fellow-crea tures ? lily father proposes to combine these rircumatances in a commu nity of persons, who shall unite their intereqs, like one large fa mily, and produce, in the first place, fin. their own con , Nstption. They are thus entirely independent of any market, until their own wants are supplied, and scarcely any Inconvenience can arise from you-tier production, except that which results from want of store houses. In such establishments, the detailed managements of which shall be shortly submitted to the public, the evident effect of each new importation of mechanical power is to diminish the neces sity for labour on the part of the members, and thus to afford them a real and certain advantage. Iderbanical inventions have hitherto been brought into competition with the working classes ; may they not now be brought to their assistance ? We have learnt how to create almost any amount of produce ; can we not form arrange ments to distrilnde and to enjoy it True it is, that the leisure time which the employment of mrcha nical power would thus gradually afford to all cht.ties, might pro duce Injurious consequences to those whose nildit.s were unculn rated ; but this apparent disadtantage becomes the greatest of blessings, where education is made, as It will be in all the new establishments, the first and most important object of the society. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, ROBERT DALE OWEN. Pall-mall, June 24, 11121 Mon. a Captain of the French navy, who had retired with a fortune of 20,000 f. a year, at Toulouse, and a man highly respected, as a brave officer and amiable citi zen, the other day, after arrining the disposition of his property, with the greatest sang-froid and regularity, com muted suicide in his own apartment, without any appa rent cause fur so desperate an act.—Gazelle de Frauc,. FROM LAST NIGHTS GAZETTE. DEFEAT AND DEATH OF SIR C. M'CARTIIY. nolonior.-rlorf, Jane 16, 1621. A I:tter. of which the tAlowing is a copy, hot; been this day m eeived at Earl ilathurses office, from Major Chisholm, addressed to R. 11'itiiiit !b u tton, Esq. dated Cape Coast Castle, 23d Fe bruary, Sir.Llt is with infinite Morrow I acquaint you, for the informs. tern of Earl Witham, that since I had the honour of addressing you on the &I instant, on the subject of the engagement which took place near Awarnacow, in the Western Wassaw country, on the 21 vt ultimo, between a division of his Majesty's troops and native allies, under the immediate command of Sir Chavies Al'erhy, and an army of Asha.niees, I have ascertained that his Excellency was severely wounded, taken prisoner, and immediately put to death by the harbamus enemy. I am concerned to mate that, of eleven officers of the regulars and militia, who belonged to his Excellency's divinon, two only have re.urned here. Mr. J. 'l'. Secretary, and another gen tleman, are said to be prisoners, and it is understood that the other seven were killed, either in the action or after they were taken pri soners. It was my intention to have reported in detail by the prevent conveyan.T, but the state of toy health prevents .ray doing id. , l'tly medical tetendant gives toe reason to hoi:e that I sufficiently recovered in seven or eight days to write, and as I deem it of the utmost imporritnce to put his I,ordship In possession of a perfect knowledge of the state of affairs in this quarter, I purpose sending the Officer next in seniority to myself (Captain Laing, of the /loyal African Colonial Corps) with my official despatches. The extensive knowledge of the African character possessed by this gentleman, his uninterru(nal intercourse with our principal allies, since the 'Commencement of hostilities, together with his general experience, qualify him well to afford his Lordship any in formation which my letters may fail to convey. • . The Ashautess, said to be fifteen thousand strong, hare con tinued at A saamacow sinee the action of the 21st; but it is ru moured that thel ate making preparations foe advancing on Mon day next, 'the Ist of March. All the force I have been able to coked does not exceed six thou. wand muslteet, and as I do not consider it prudent to haxard a ge neral engagentent, I hale determined on taxing Up positions on the bank of the river lioctiorn-pra„ to dispute the passage of the enemy, and I am sanguine In my hopes that the measure will be attended with success. The natives of an extensive village in the vicinity of Surrondce, having fired on the boats of one of his Majesty); ships, disarmed several of our soldiers who we wounded in the late action, and were endeavouring to effect their eve, pe from the Ashantees ; and having moreover destroyed Succondee, it was thought necessary by the senior naval ofliccr and myself to attack it, and a force of one thousand two hendred men was accordingly embarked on board the squadron, and the place was taken possession of on thr 17th instant wittout any opposition, and immediately set on tire. I have, &c. (Signed) J. CHISHOLNI, Atimg. the Govt. and Major Coindg. the Troops. R. Wilmot Horton, Esq. &e. Ike. Ste. • nosier-strect. Jane 17 11124. Captain Laing, of the Royal African Co lo nial Corps, arrived this morning at Earl Bathurst 's ottice, with a despatch from Major Chisholm, addressed to R. Wilmot Horton, Esq. under date of Cape Coast Castle, the 16th of March, 1824, 'of which the follow ing is an extract : I have the nitwit' to acquaint you, foe the information of Earl Bathurst, since I addressed you on the _Yid ultimo, that the Ashantee army in the Western . Wassair country has remained stz tionary at Amainakew. In transmitting a Copy of a report of the particulars of the action of the 21st of January, made to me by Captain Ricketts, of the 2d West India regiment, and Brigade-Major to the Fortes, and second in command on that day, I deem it an act of justice to that officer to state, that the late Sir diaries M'Carthy entertained a very high opinion of his sea and merits, and that he had it in ran, templation to bring his services to the Tavonrable notice of his Lordship i and also, that foe the period of two years Captain Itieketts served under me (at the time commanding the 2d West India regiment) in the capacities of Adjutant and Caplaim, I have pleasure in *stems that I had ' , rely reason to be satisfini with his conduct: my protracted illness having Incapacitated me from at. tending to the public duties, the charge in a great measure tell upon him as second In command, of which he acquitted himself entirely to my satisfaction. As his report is confined to the operation% of that division of the force under the immediate commaml of the late Sir Charles 111*Carthy, I deem it necemary to my a few yowls upon the move manta of tbs others, and also to state, as far as came to my know ledge, the plans and intentions of his Eiceellency. The rapid approach of the enemy having been reported to Sir Charles M`Carthy, tome of the Allied Chiefs, about Christ mas, preparations were immediately made for concentrating the Regulars, the Cape Coast Militia, and the unorganized pan of the Inhabitants of the town, together with vane few of the neigh. booting Chiefs at Djuquan, distant from Cape Coast about eighteen miles. His Excellency proceeded there in person, leaving me for a few days at the Castle, to make some necessary arrangements preti oudy to my departure. A rotten( nearly two thousand men having been collected by 'the 4dt of Tibitiary, a movement to Ampenesatoo (the Ilced.quar ' tees Annimelli, the King of Wassaw), on the left bank of the river -pea, was dettemlned upon, and I was accordingly ordered to join by that day. The impossibility of prOcuring provisions and shelter fer the men on the route, rendered it neer-try to advance in small parties, which circumstance, and the impossibility of procuring carriers for lbe ammunition and provisions, retarded for some days the dew,' tare of his Kxcellency from the camp. On the Bth of January, accounts were received of the entrance of the enemy into Western Wassaw, and that the Allied forces were precipitate)., retreating before them ; this information decided the immediate departure of dir Charles for their camp, on the right bank of the river, with souk part of the forte as had not already marched for Ampensasoo, ail be directed me to proceed Co assume tile command of the latter Sate, signifying it to - tie his intention to send me instructions how to act on his ascertaining the state of links in Wassaw. I had daily communication from his Excellency from the time of his leaving Djuquah (viz. on the 11th), until the Bich, but the contents were chiefly comments upon the advance of his division, and the feelings of our allies towards us in the canonry passed through. I received on the TM two letters, one written at fire a.n. on the 21st, the other the 17th, the former arriving floc, at seven o'clock P.M., that of the 17th, about two haunt later; the contents were most pressing orders for ma to form an immediate junction. The letter of the 17th having been unfortunately entrusted to a man unacquainted with the country, was delayed three days longer on the way than necessary, from which delay, and the urgent na ture of his Excellency's command to join, I was induced to fear that our consequent non-arrival, according to his reasonable ex pectations, would seriously derange his plans. I was determined, therefore, to proceed by a shorter, but unfrequented and -owe quently bad path; and having to cross the river Itonaom.pra, at a distance of five miles from Ampensasoo (on the 23d), in a single canoe. the whole day was consumed in passing my party, and I was, therefore, under the necessity of halting for the night at a village on the opposite bank. I here received the first intimation of an engagement having taken place, but could ascertain nothing of the result. After prosecuting (on the Roth) a march of twenty-one miles, and having, at its termination, to cross the river again, without a single canoe, or any means fur conveyance over, we were obliged to construct rafts for such of the party that could not swim, and to float over the ammunition, &c., in consequence of which, from the trail materials used in their construction, I am sorry to any a great deal of ammunition was lost and damaged. On crossing the river we heard that Brigrle-Major Rickets was laying wounded in the adjoining village. On seeing and ascertain ing from him the disastrous issue of the action of Coe 21st, and also that the small party I commanded was totally unable to cope with the enemy, or abed any assistance to the party of the late Sir Charles ;11:Carthy, from their complete dispersal, and knowing the I hostile feeling entertained by the inhabitants of Elmina towards us, and being also apprehensive that the Ashantes-a, flushed with their recent victory, would advance upon Cape Coast Castle by ra pid marches, I determined upon retiring on it. I regret exceeding ly to stare, that Captain John L'Estrange, of the Royal African Colonial Corps, died on the march, from excessive fatigue, and that all the officers of the party and nearly the whole of the men, were laid up on their arrival at Cape Coast, from the efiects of the fatigue and privations undergone by them ; and I ant sorry to say of the former, all, except two, continue still invalids, and, of the latter, numbers have died. The most numerous body of our force was encamped at a place called Vancoomassie, in the Fiume country. It consisted of the men of that nation, of a few regulars, of the Annaniaboe militia, and of some unorganised natives of that town, the whole under the command of Captain Alexander Gordon Laing, of the Royal Af. dean Corps. Hit Excellency having famed orders to Captain Laing to ad vance and menace the Asian country, with a view of bringing them over to our cause, he had accordingly proceeded about thirty miles, when reports reached him from the officer in temporary command at Cape Coast, of the result of the engagement of the 21st January, and also of the unfavourable disposition of the Elminas ; in con sequence of which he made the best of his way to Cape Coast Castle, where I found him on my arrival, with a considerable por tion of his force. A fonnh division, under the command of Captain Blenkarne, of the Royal African Colonial Corps, was on its way to Akine, a coun try bordering on Aithantee, for the purpose of inducing the enemy to withdraw a part of their force from 11'estern Wassaw ; but an unfavourable disposition being shewn by the Chief of the Aqua- pim country, the native Chiefs, under Captain Iller.karne'a corn. inand, expressed their wishes for his return. Under these circum stances lie did not consider it prudent to endeavour to prosecute his Excellency's wishes, and fell back upon Accra. Being fully sensible that this communication falls very short of what might be expected from the importance of the subjects it embraces, I must, in excuse of its detects, beg leave to say, that it has been dictated from a sick bed. and in consequence entertain an earnest hope that its imperfections may be overlooked. As intimated in my letter of the 2:ld ultimo, 1 entrust Captain Laing with the conveyance of it, and I entertain the most confident hopes that the extensive information he will be able to afford of the present state of his Majesty's possessions here, will be considered a! sufficient justification for my sending an officer of his zeal, cape.' rience, and abilities front this steoon at so critical a period. When dispositions on the part of the Ashantees were made in August last year, for attacking our settlements at various noints, I deemed it necessary to dispatch Captain Laing into the Vented minter and requiring at the time (there being no mintsry offi ere cap able) another officer to take charge of the alumnae Dju q_ush, I was induced to acce pt th e preferred services of Lieutenant King, of his Majesty's sloop Driver, who, I understood, had free quentiv *erred ashore, and I have the saifiction so state, that aim theactive and determined movements of these two officer+, the enemy were deterred front promenting theivevqrinel intention*, and retired to Ashantee, since which period Captain Laing has been frequently in the command of large bodies of oar allies. and discharged his duties always to the reinfection of his Excellimeg the late Commander of the Nieces rd myself, and to the advantage of his Majesty's service. 1 have great satisfaction in acquainting you that our relations with }amine, end the other Dutch settkmente, have of late under gone a most favourable change, which Is solely to be attributed to the arrival from the N e th er l an d s of anew Governor, his Excellency Major last. I owe it to this gentleman to my, that he has evinced a mast anxious desire totally to eradicate a boodle feeling which was gene rated amongst the Dutch subjects on the coast towards all the ir. habitants of our settlement'', by the influence of the Ashantem, and the imbecile conduct of his predeccesors. To remove all doubts from the minds of the naives, respecting ' the part he is determined to act, he paid me • formal complimen tary visit on the 14th instant, and has also zealously entered into a negotiation with the enemy for the liberation of Mr. H'illiams . and other prison.rs in their hands. Ms Excellency Major de Richelieu. Governer-in-Chief of hie Danish Majesty's Settlements on the Coast, has %hewn his respect and friendship for our Corwrnment by actively taking a pert in the ear. Ile has sent all the force he could collect to our aid, and is now engaged collecting a strung forte to proceed through Akira towards Ashantee, with a view of diverting the enemy. The command of this body he will take In person. I cannot say too much in favour of the disinterested real end active ceertions of Captain Bowen, commanding his Majesty's sloop Driver. In the month of May last year this Officer, while under cruising orders 'in the Bight of Benin, with considerable prospects of making prises, received intimation that his Majesty's ship Bann, ordered here by the late Sir Robert Mends to coope rate with the land service, had suffered KO much from sickness that she was unable to render any effectual insistence. Ile instantly re paired to Cape Coast, and stated it to be his intention to remain until things wo-e a more pleasing aspect. While at anchor here, observing the sickly state of the Officers of the garrison, he voluuntarily lehded a party of his men. put the whole of the guns in the her possible order, and personally super- Mtended the exercise of the soldiers at the use of sonic skip guns worked with tackles. 1 also beg leave to bring under the notice of his Lordship the conduct of acting Captain Woolcombe, late of the Owen Glen dower, and now of the Itann, whose activity and cordial co-opera tion I an: intinced to think prevented the inhabitants of Donuts from taking a part In the war auainst us. His seal, and that of his Officers Ind men, cannot be too highly praised, from the cheerfulness with which they underwent the at temlant fatigues of intercepting supplies by day and night tor. warded by water to the enemy., in which labours Lieutenant semi" of his Majesty's brig Swinger, shared. Cape Coast, February 28, 1824. Era —ln compliance with tour direction, that I should detail, as nearly ae I posaibly can, all the patticulirs that may have occurred in the division of the army which marched from Djuquah, under the im nediste tom nand of le.; Excellency Air C. 11•Carthy , as well as such circumstance. eti Way have fallen under my obser vation, relative to the action which took place on the flat in the Wassaw country, between the said division and an army of Ashantees, i have the honour to state, that I matched front Djuquah at !even o'clock on the morning of the 9th, with one com pany of the Royal African Colonial Corps, eighty woof; one company of volunteers, sixty-eight strong; three companies of militia, one Inindred ard seventy strong, making a force of three hundred and eighteen; besides two hundred Commendu, two hundred of Appie's people, and • company of natives of Cape Como, about lone tenant, making a total of four hundred and forty, which were iirderld to felicity us ; this, with the troops which ninwhed under my command, made a force of seven hundred and fifty-eight strong. Bansoo, a village distant about seventeen mils from ear camp at Djuquah, was the place at which we were directed to halt. Hie Excellency having marched on by himself, we overtook him about half way ; the road, or rather tract, was excessively bad, in conse quence of which, we did not arrive till a late hour in the evening at Bansoo, much fatigued. We remained at Bansoo the whole of the next day, the 10th. waiting for the native force to join, which they did not do until late in the stay; the next morning, the 11th, his Excellency lurched off with the combined force of regulars and militia, and desired I would remain till every thing was set forward. This I found the geutest difficulty in accomplishing, as I could not get carriers, die people who had brought the things from Djuquah having run away. i wes, therefore, obliged to send a party of the wear gated to preba every person they could find. wows as well as Dien, and, after a considerable delay, we succeeded in settles a set ficient number of carriers, and proceeded; but erintraber of them, as they lqund opportunities, flung their loads into the woods and ran off. We arrived at a village on the bunks oldie Bemoan tailed Ihimin, late in the evening of that diu. baying tnasiad eighteen miles, where we remained till six o'*dt the neepe-, I log, the lath, when we marched for another village. shoat aisaattllg miles lower down on the banks of the Bonsorn-pra. nand Dm. booaaaie, which, from the extremely bed state of die petit; being frequently obliged tomtits swamps which took us wroth blether than • ebove our knees, we did not arrive at till very late in the day, every person excessively fatigued ; the native force at this time kept a considerable distance in our rear. About seven o'clock in the morning of the Llth, we eounmenowl crossing the river Boosum-prik about two hundred yards wide, in small canoes (eight in number), which could only carry two men at a time, besides the person who . paddled ; as eoon as the company of regulars, under the comman d of Ensign Erskine, crossed the river, his Excellency, who was one of the first that passed over. proceeded with them on the march, towards Assamcow, in the Wassaw country, distant about twenty miles from the river. To give a description of this road is beyond my ability, suffice It to say, that in my opinion 1 think it impossible that there can he any thing worse in the shape of a path ; we had to cross numerous small rivets, some of which, from their extreme depth, as well as the numerous swampy places we had to pass over, considerably delayed as, and we were only enabled to reach • small village called Gush that night, where we slept. The next morning, the 14th, his Excellency proceeded in advance with the company of the Royal African C..tonial Corps, and desired I would bring up the rear; we did not find this path so bad as we expected, and we arrived at Assamaeow about half-paw two in the afternoon, where we halted and remained five days, waiting for the native force to tonne tip : we found Mr. Brandon, the Acting Ordnance Storekeeper (Cape Coast), at this place, where he had arrived several days berme with ammunition, &c. h.sving come in the Colonial schooner, to Sue cornice, ten hours march, to Assamacow, which was truly welcome now to us, as our men (the regulars and militia), bad only twenty rounds each man, a great deal of which, from the badness of the paths, the crossing of riven, and the rain which tell ON ow march, was damaged, end which was immediately replaced: at this plate we found provisions very scarce. During our stay at Anstriacow, we were informed that the Wassaws and Dinkeras were retreating before the Aohantetw, and were in 'hewers for provisions; tier Charles, therefore, immediately on the arrival of part of our native force, dupe:rind Mr. Tanker Williams. the Colonial Focretary, and Adjutant General of Militia, with twelve volunteers,-to serum the Wassawe and I)inkeras that he would, in a day or two. march forward with the force under his command to join them, and that he expected the division of the army, under 11M or Chisholm, and numerous parties of natives, would won form a juneion with us, and then we should have sufficient force to meet the Ashantem: but Mr. Williams found them retreating, and it wait with the greatest difliculty he persuaded them (they having crowed the small river Adoomaniinoi. to halt on Its liank, and make some preparation I tor defence till Sir (*index should joie with his force ; this was on the 20th. on the morning of which I arrived with the company of the Itoyal .aftican Colonial Coma; the compacy of volunteers, and the three companies of militia, already alluded to. having, by di. rection of his Excellency, marched from Assamacow on the 19th. O n my was to the Wasaawn and Dinkeras, I met a very greet number of women and children, and, sorry am 1 tome. men ; 1 asked the men where they were going? they told me they were going to look for provisions, and would soon return. I arrived on the hordets of the aforesaid rivet Aden/name', on the morning of the 20:h, having been, from the extreme bad state of the paths, the mud in sonic places reaching to the middle of our Niches, obliged to sleep one night in the hush; from Asearnatow to this river, I should suppose, is distant about twenty-four Shortly after my arrival with the troops Mr. Williams., Adju tant-General of Militia, informed me that he could not get say of the people to cut the bush for the camp. I accordingly went to the Chiefs of the WatUlaWS and Dinkeraa, and told them the necessity there was for the hush about the place, intended for • camp, to be cleared, and which ought to be done immediately ; they promised to send people over to the opposite bank of the ever, where we ex. ported the Ashantees to attack us, and to have all the wood cleared Immediately ; shortly after this the WYSS'S mustered their force. and were moving or with evory thing they had. 1 inqnired where they weregoieg ? they said they were going toclear the wood on the other side of the river. I stopped where they had to crow over. for a considerable time, to see if they really intended to go over but at last I could plainly see their intention was to retreat: 1 therefore put a strong guard of militia to prevent their doing so, till Sir Charles should arrive. I then lien• for the Chiefs, or Head men, tied asked them what they intended to do, whether they in. tended to tight or not? They said they intended to fight. At this moment an alarm was given that the . Ashantces were advancing, and every one went to his station, where we remained for about Ave hours, exposed to a most tremendous shower of rain. It beilot this time nearly dark, and as it is a rule with the Ashmore* never to t i ght at night, we called in the troop' leaving sentries where necessary. Immediately on the alarm being given I deepatched a messenger to his Excellency, to request he would send all the assistance he could. At this time i• was surprised his Eleelleney was at a croon with two huts, about four or live miles from us. Both Officers and men slept this night without any covering, as there was not time to erect hum and the men were notch fat enied. Next morning, the 21st, his Excellency ernes' with about 2110 of Apple's people, and 40 of the natives of Cape Coast. The Cem anemias having halted on the way, I acquainted him with the manner the IVaasaws had behaved. After he had taken a little rest he sent for the Chiefs of the Wawa's and Dinkerse ; hut be fore he had got halt' through the palaver the alarm was given, and every person repaired to his station. His Excellency the* went round with time to see how the men were posted. About two o'clock the Ashantees. 10.000 in number. marcher up to the opposite bank of the river, when the mode. corn menced with determined vigour on both sides, and lasted • "itrmonavnt.m.—Coloniel Office, t7th dune.—lt NM been ascertained ; that the liberation of Mr. Waianas has been atl'ected. I 1 t L ie. id rns on the 'ley ica ind DUI in- übs the rest Vent d to e to d a y . teD. fo. that Ad- mete this pre. pets nity, nan. tl by after sub • the bile, fleet in a that abet ,unIC cter. lavid was i his !, Jr. his !pa's csse nicer AI r• rte' re. I' were le W ilfred \ +l I I l i I ,`