The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1824-01-21 00:00:00

•Apt. OF GOOD MOPE AND SOUTH AFRICA.; v a rious accounts have appeared at different times of the e u fforinga of the Emigrant Settlers in South Africa, but irc hare not seen, until now, any account in an official f o rm to warrant entire belief in the melancholy statements t h a t bare Insn given. We have just received a Revert of t he Committee for the relief of the distressed settlers in South Afries, and an account of the proceeding', at a pub- lie meeting held in Cape Town On lb.' I Ith of Sept. which place beyond doubt the wretched condition of our unfortunate countrymen, at least of the few who survive the failure of crops, the pestilence and .wool. We shall subjoin extracts, from the Appendix to this R e port, of knee front eye-witnesses to the miseries our countrymen are now suffeing at Grahamstown and other pl a ces in South Africa, and we hope the philanthropists w h o profess to feel so strongly for the sufferings of the uproot in the West bulks, whose situations appear to be enviable when compared to the emigrants iu South Africa, will not lends deaf ear to the cries of our fellow whites in that quarter. It will be recollected that a publication, lour years ago, under the sanction of the Colonial I Act% elesenbed the South of Africa as possessing a rich soil, healthy climate, and every thing capable of rendering a colony there happy. Upwards of 3,nou of our country men, allured by AWN favourable, but false accounts, were induced, in consequence of the temporary pet asure at the time in this country, to proceed to the Cape, assisted by the public money, to form the new Colony of Grahame town. It was soon seen by some of the letters that they bail been deceived, and that they hail a failure of crops from the uncertainty of the seasons, disease, and the at tacks of the Conies to contend with ; and almost all those who hail the means to remove (but the nmuls r was few) left tl.e country, and either settled more to the South, twarer the Cape, or came home. Various repttewntatieus were made to the lievansout, of the miserable situation of theso co lonists, and petition after petition was alit, raving for re. lief, and that they might he rernored from South Africa to New South IVales, or any other plus% The Government have. it is trua, from time to time, afforded supplies, at a greater expense than would have transported all who wished to remove from ouch inhospitable districts ; but they have net agreed to do the only thing useful —11 . 1111)Vt • the whole colonists. The following accounts will shew the ntiscry to which our wretched countrymen arc reduced ; and, we should Lupe they will receive the attention of the Govern ment, u well its of all the humane part of the nation. The two following lettais were written by g e ntlemen who are both hauls of respectable parties. and who bail loved in genteel sad comfortable circumstances in their native country I irahanes Town, I hr. 2.3,.1.1L11. " I received your letter, and sin glad that sOnte one thinks it worth while to inquire after ant wretched a Icing as myself. I ant sorry to tell you, OUT dear little Nlittilila is no more. She was with me while reaping sortie Maley, when I told her to gum the house to bring sue write water to drink ; she ran off, and fell on nate of those vele reptiles that abitund in this part of the globe, 111111 was stung. I attended my sweet babe for seven days and nights, during which she will in the greatest : gamy, until mortification took place. She then recovered bet senses- .pray i.ll her her poor mamma and papa, and expired quite easy, on Tuesday, at 'nor o'clock. She was a lovely child, only tour p..rs old : all my misfortunes arc nothing compared to this; she was our last and only child. " You ask me for an account of our situation ; which I will giyr you, and I believe it is applicable to all the settlers, as regards our crops and pro apect of food for the ensuing year. My wheat, two months ago the most promising I ever saw in sty country, in now eat down, and in Imps for burning, before we plough the ground again. The rust Iw utterly destrorsl it ; not n grails have we saved. My harky, from the drovght, anti a grub which attacks tile blade just under the surface, produced little snore titan I sowed. My Indian corn, very much itrjured by the caterpillar ; cabbages ilestrovt 41 by the lice ; the beans all scorched with die hot winds; and cereals run to se ed t the potatoes are good, but I have but a small quantity. 4 )ur cows ate all dry for want of grass : not the least appearance of verdure as tar as the eye can noels. Nothing but one great entitlement of faded grass, something resembling a touchy fallow in Enghtnil. IM Saturday, whilst wa•ulting by the sick bed of my skit little girl, I was startled by the cry of will dots. I rat so the window, and saw about thirty ofthase terminus Sninlals : before I amid drive dam off they killed twenty of rot which consisted of twenty-seven in all„ I mogul for a n i o_ meat thinking of my misery —my ilying child—my blasted crops._ nty •cultert4l and ruined Hoek. Cod's will be done ! I have netil I of hinitude to bear up against such acciumilatal misery. Fare-1 well." " Graham's Town, t Ith Jan. 1823. " We are all here struggling it, the saute way in which you left W. or rather *one a our pmeprets being still more gloomy, as the mops have agaln very generally failed in this part of the vountry. We have also this season been troubled with a new coma • the miettillara and Manes Jim been so aunmeoua s that our ganleima atelntalty deeenmed. I took the greatest late of mine, and the peoeyeet of its producing something elleixed us a little ; but this ocevpected visitation has thrown a completedatop on nor exertions. The bream has been to dry, that it any farmer, in the tiraaff key. rt district have been obliged to leave duir places for want of met Several whom I know here are forced to send three miles for what water they use for dOISICSIie ilUll , olla R. 'WWI IMO I,OW quite r. of the question • the scanty allosance of half a pound of rice h all we get. We feel touch the want of vegetables, sometime., being Whitt the nevem'', of living several days on meat alone. Tits Callers are very troublesome ; they lately stole iv: N o v .6 w head of oven from me; but mistOrtune has MI long Iwrn III) rOlll - that we begin to be reconciled to cads other." The rest two estrsets are ateleeted from letters now before the ommlttee, and are written by • gentleman whet formerly held a is cosoniission in his Majesty's service. They arc ad. to a private friend, who had collected a small subscrip. him in Cape Town I-- " Feb. 17. l a 2t. my friend., and the friend. of husnanitr, 1 ant indebted, I , low the existence of myself and (Aridly, for really, but lond Interference, we must hare perished. C.. 11,11 MIN sea any kind of bread of toy own g r ow i ng , I e harpy. "fill now neatly three months since we had any eat. anal indessl, very little rice. If I could any way get wookl bets great relief. I very sorry to bit so troublesome : however, necessity ate to do shat my nature so mewhat recoils at. We arc ly oil for lireakfast, which mot, usually nitssists of a bit of uge, or pompkin stewed. If we once again get bread we 'y it strictly.' Afar 23, 111•23. very neer•s3ry is so extravagant in limit:mt . :. Town, that it Wide to com e at clothing. Illy ikons and myself are very and the weather is mow excessively told. If I could but prier of a pair of new wheels for my waggon, I would put J— on the mad, and he would earn a little by drawing iee the shomkee wrs in tiraham's Town. The calico will prat relic when it arrives. A whole shirt will now be a are at preterit as badly off as ever. The four tows that m ilk , whirls wais a great part of oar support, are dest.owlnd disease now prerailing musing the clinic throughout the ollowing intf.resting passage* are extracted from the MS. nal bare et lir. (• gentleman well known to several at the Committee), who travelled through the English locations in March and April lest, and personally witnessed many •he tarts Irbil he relates " 31. ord seaman'spnriy.—Thtee are only th ree M fa uch mflies R. here, out of seven of which it originally The, but one, shotitski arid might have illquancd 1111131, resent unong the millers. Weft It atl dint Mire Iv inr one la rho has now money sufficient to purchswe a rair d shoes the seAcra an. generally found without them. Thews • mill a few eartle, but have lost many by the Catlin. and pumpkins arc their only tinalucc." " Aril I. Mandy inf o r me d me that mane in his neighb p authonsl the gr.titimt dooreas, and that Imam tad killed their last c'w 's Pariv.--Mr..kitants, who of one division of informal me. diat there were ot•ly thirteen or (minima remaining on the liwatton, out of the whole of this went• Ile Wiled. that thee was moth IlistfM4 IM101•!: 'h " roolliffol and instanced one prom of the name of vihu hag kfrosittly been in good etreumstanees, but who, f t very miter resource, had that day hem foteed iwihasiev Town, to sell NOW of the sirall remaining part thew, to keep Ii ttscl( and his family front starving. fur Rut." " Ap 3. Isinki !tallith and rcelt's Panics.—Three pcnona bri ril onging lan pant• hod motor ulna, grown thi• rat . ; and if one of I ate the tint and last bread th a t I net with in ""at tram , r in , it grown by any *oiler. .1 few of the ithnhi 'v Imuitist acre of Ilia wheal he seed, at two okil. Mend, ! 4 ftldioreiiing to see the husband and wife, with Frarcely IsCOTtT Mein. and their children in the same condition, he pwu.d on the orptside of their miserable huts, mewls* *4 d Indigo curl), probably the only food they have. : id iet Le lashing hut umpkins. I hie family, of the name of 14.40 Inucher's meat, nor believe Wend., fur 7 -1144 'lhs; susd tlsco children were running about with .ll. li.f Nh.h.ll to stockings, they are seldom to be seen ell ar young. '''"*l in he ohli rd to remark, that all that tone's bold. '41k1 "• 0 em‘meuotta in the yeonien and labourers of goon to hate hr. those wretched emigrants ; and they * no nseit the desapp,sintioents and misfortunes with an 'r hews': g on despair. nt! rorcl's party are in a truly miserable plight, with thing to int but a few cegetehlea I hats saw an n almost a starriv condition. On going into their th e poor woman little pumpkin soup which was mical with some milk. She said this was the only food they had; and their wretched dwelling was neither wind nor water tight. " At a little distanee I met, what had once been, u t was told, a line hearty-Woking Trams woman, but now miserably emaciated —apparently shat twenty-four or twenty line years of age. She was leading one child, another was following, and n third was on her arm. They were all sitliout shoes or stockings's. The woinan's Mess (if such it could be called) consisted of the remains of an old tent tied about her; the children were dad in the suite manner; at..l tile van vast, appeared so rotten, that it would scarcely bang on them." " April .1. • " On reaching Wilson's party, we met with many persons who had formerly been in a reripectai4e situation or lire in England, and hail brought out some property with them This is the description of people who hare suffered the greatest privations and calamities. I spoke ni one or two respectable women, who Rave me a nom lively idea of their melancholy situation, by replying to ine in a manner that immediately evinced that they had been well educated, and brought up in good society ; though they now appeared to be half starred, and almost broken hearted, with their pertains ne glected and in rags. At this place their gardens had generally failed, and the corn altogether." " April R. ' " Captain and his two tons were without %hoes or stockingt, anal actually without sufficient clothing of any kind to corer their naked limbs. Their corn bad totally failol from blight. and their garden had sentrely produced any thing, in consequence of drought and caterpillars." " Mrs. Currie (who has • shop at Itathurst) told me, that' though almost every settler was in the greatest distress for want of the common neceawaries of life, and tNaigh the articles she sells ars chiefly of this description, ye , there was almost no demand ; ' &manioc not ome in fitly had ari a-dollar to spool. Such, however, she added, was the distreas of &mac, that she could not help (giving credit, though with little or no prospect of ever being repaid. ' The remaining selections have ii en furnished to the Secretary from different most respectsiple quarters. The tiro is extracted from a letter addressed to Mr. T. Pringle, by it gains& Officer on the Coffer Frontier, and dated Au gust Al, HUI " During my 110124 t MIT at had opportunieles of see. ing a goad - deal of the setual vtate of. the se t t l ers to Albany and I can truly declare. I never witnessed so touch !poverty and mi sery before. 11 . 1111 st your litends on the Ilavian s Rune are re ported to Inc in comparative comfort and 'prosperity, our countrymen in the Zuureveldt are Without lilt necessaries of life.* I hst ase too ems amongst thew, and some families presented a deplorable picture. The neat is alas taken from a private letter addressed to a gentle man now ir. Cape Town. It is written by an individual nigh character and essoneetiima, and who has honourably held the of fice of Justice of the Peace in England, and that of lleetnrand in South Afnca. " Sept. I, 1 8 21. " My family are this day without bread, and I can procure none in Graham's Town, et any price. Mice is also very dear and scarce. Now, in our fours h year, our privations are greater than ever. The spring -bucks are increasing au ankh, that all my own awn and my nearest neighbour's on the plain has bees entire!) eaten down. My people err obliged to tali:: their turns in watch ing them all night. Harker and Rigger have severally loaf thirty and forty head of cattle last week, by the Callers: finally, all his yesterday." The sone gentleman, nn the Bth Sept. sans— •• Before our present crop is ripe, much distress will be felt • fop want of fool. It is really lamentable to hear of and witness the distress that now prevails from this cause. A poor Irishman odd me to-day, that many families, bonds his own, were living, • like the soldier's horses, ou the green forage ;' for he had eaten no thing during the last two days, but lettuces and leeks ! Times are so hard that we cannot employ labourers." In a communieationdatetl Sept. 27, we intve the following state- mere from the same correspotalent : " I was yesterday asked to join in a twthion to Government to and down Indian corn for seed to the settlers, as it cannot be pro runst here I have been this week at the koswie with my WIWI(On. in get flour and rice front the little vessel, t h e flood Intent, which c a m e in a day or two before. 1 was fortionoe in getting one bag of brown tic? Mr my share. for which I paid 211 rols. The whole of her cargo was flour and rice, and was deposed of in the boat as 11 was landed ; and numbers went away without a morsel, declaring that their families at home were without grain of any kind. It wo, irdeeol, most pitiable to witness the disappointment of those who Mel boarded up • kw dollars for this arrival, and returned empty. I saw some of Thornhill's, Smith's, Cock's, the Notting hum, Wilson'., IlladSlllllW'll, Southey's, and Ilulder's parties, se all of whom I put the question, IVIICIIICT they could spare me half a niuld or so of looolian corn? The universal reply was, "Wo have none for our own use—we have not even enough for a seed:" •• The rust or blight is very prevalent both in tie rye and stolid straw wheat, bet I sincerely hope they will not be materially hurt the other forward wheats have suffered as usual—nothing we mains of them." We shall shortly lay before the public the speech of De. Philip on moviii& that the " It e po r t o f thOCoweinitteo of the SoOisty for the relief of the distressed settlers in South .Ifrica, be received," with the Resolutions passed, and speechcallelivered at the General ',fleeting held at ('ape 'town, 17th September, Ire2:l. The subject is of deep in terest, and cannot fail to excite the public sympathy in be half of these unfortunate suftiiers. • The Scotch party are located far up In the interior, on one of the sources of the Great Fish River. parallel with the Shettwberg ; and loose suffered lees trout the blight than any other settlers. he heat two in &Matinee, at Captain's tom dimmed to a pr lion ter hint it " To my frien a 7 say, toe the ► fot thew kind In " If I could should be happy. bread ir eat. anti s bast of inesl, ti " 1 ant vets t compels me to th tete badly hien cabbage, Of s , shell trjoy a sot Etere neve. • ta Intpossittle to naked. and the f . get the once of . Puy son Lids for the at • be a lime rtlisi at lUlll.y. " We art. at 64 pre us milk, vet in a dis ease nu 1. 1. country," • The (Attiring ld Inlnval of • members of tit et locations in M nl of the tails r ad " Visited tea Re tying here, I o were all, but or a employment &n many wbo has H 111 foci, Illt hate still ▪ tan Cern and • " lir. Mandy tte in the gr.lio 0 nt " l 4 11..'s Pat 6.4 A,. party. infes t 11 -11tes now sen • vge hewn'. h. 4. m h o meat *au luta Iho 14 11111 r I I to I imhasai. An „ solute •ant." o af " int.,. Nutt e d :A.7 filo isn' t "'intl. I ail "• made ft 4111 efi mama hat ' • : a inert aa . L 111.111 ire nits le its 't h " , Botha, the k row I, g , t IM• ta %, ti • I Inl4 yo " to th4 ICICT, • iCI S '•,(1 7 11 , 1 ti. WO , mat an t —wire burdtr 'DJ " an.! a •tetl of thin, milk hi th,aim I kid THE SILK WEAVERS. The Manufactures and Committee of Journeymen En gine Weavers met again at the King's Head 'I avers, iu the Poultry, on Nlonday night, for the purpose of cmleavour ing to ethet an amicable adjustment of prices. A letter sent by John Thorp, Esq. to the Secretary of the C ' tee, naturally induced an expeetation of accomplishing the de sired arrangement, and which, we are happy to say, bids fair to be speedily attained. The greatest diffi rencerxisted in the prices named by the two parties for the manu facture of galloons, doubles, and hands ; on these much discussion took place, Mr. Thorp having been previously called to the Chair. They were considered seriatim, MO in each ease, after great but fair contention on either side, both parties receded from their original terms, and at length compromised at about half-way of the differences of price asked and ofhred. The Committee, however, not having been vested with full powers, nothing could be de finitely arranged until they had laid before the general body of the trade the result of last uight's meeting. A con viction that it would have their unanimous and speedy as sent, watt hewever expressed, and a de termination come to. to call a meeting of their constituents without has of time. A most important suggestion was made, and elicited the unanimous approbation of the meeting ; it related to a generalization of prices among the trade, by an understanding that the Alagi grates of the different districts Avoid he applied to, at one and the same time, to sanction a list of prices to be previously agreed upon at a public meeting of the two parties concerned in the silk trade. The proceedings of Monday night reflected peat credit upon both rides, for the temperance and the forbear ance with which each advocated the interests of the body they represented • and so general was this feeling, that at the conclusion of the business, thanks were unanimously voted to Mr. Tborp for his impartial conduct in the /hair, and for the diapcsit ttttt he hail evinced to effect an amitable adjustment of the differences which hare of late existed in the trade. lIIGIILIND SOCIETY OF SCOT!-IND. The Anniversary (Several Meeting of this Society was held on Tuesday sentught, in the llall of the Royal College of Physi cians at Edinburgh. There were shove 130 Noblemen and (len denten in the room won after one o'clock, the hour of meeting. On the motion of the Right I lon. Sir John Sinclair, one of the li'le,-Presidents, the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, senior Vice- President in office, was unanimously culled to the Chair, and after • ballot, as prescribed by the Society's charter, the seventy No blemen and 11entlemen %ere duly admitted members of the Society, aniong‘t whom were : Ills t Irsice John I htke of Redford. Hight Hon. Lord John May. The lion. At' t ;union, ( 'Aptain R.N.. 31. r. for Aberdeen shire. rice..ttlnairal the lion. Charles I:lphinnon Fleming, of Bigger ant! l'utobrrneultl. The !lon. Colonel John Ramsay, of Drum. The Hon. James Sinclair, of Itraclanorell, and The Ilea. John Stuart. In the afternoon above 101 l of the Sotlety's members attended the anniveriary dionner, at the Ilriti‘h Hotel. Quien-strect, the Right lion. Sir John Sinclair, one of the Piro-!'resident., in the Chair, supported by the Lord Chief Ilaron, lord eringletie, Sir William Farber, Sir John Hay, Adniiral Sir P. Ihniuitti. ke. The IHreetoni, Ordinary and Hatranrdiguiry, , acted us Stewards, and di, Treasurer Croupier. rho day was spent most pleasantly TniNrry Sti.enan.—The eastern dial of die clock of this chapel is now brilliantly illuminated with gas, by means of which the hour may be distinguished by persona at the distance of the old bridge. The lighting corn inenet4 on Tuesday last, and we understand that 7fr. Ap pleby, the proprietor of the SaltOril gas-works, has liberally I wombed the public with this accommodation, at his own private expense. TRE MURDER (PP MR. WPAIRE. RF:SPITE OF lIUNT. This wretched crimibal, it Will be remembered, received sentence of e. cad' at the sane time with ha companion in guth, John Thurtell; but nu day wu named by the Lear:Jed Judge for the ex.-elation of time sentence, as far at ?swanks! him t and the low t • allows to persons convicted only is accessaries to a murder, the Imam lap.c or tutor betweetm the sentence and the execution, which ' i. allotted to all capital convicts cescept prinr!palt in alunkr), tried at county assizes, namely, Id slays. This ( Wednesday) thereinto is the day upon which Hunt would haveauffered death, had no order I to the contrary been received from Government, and tip to Mon day morning tin such o•earr had }ruched the persons in :authority at ; Iferthard. Mr. Nicholsm, UnderSherilt, under dies/circumstances, felt it his d u ty to tiller the preparations amenity ter an evecution, and at time same time wrote to Robert Sutton, Y.sq., the Illgh Sim i rid, acquainting him with the steps IM had taken, and stating that the total silence observed in the higher quarters upon the subjtcs of the unhappy man's fate, bad kept hint (Mr. Nicholson) in a must painful state of suspense, after the impression which had been left upon his mind, subscapient to the execution of Thurtell, r that pardon would be esti-naiad,. to the accessary. The High Shertif, with his accustomed prompt humanity. determined to wait immediately upon the Under Secretary of State, for he (Mr. Sut ton) had somehow or other conceived that Thursday, and not IVednettiay, would be the day 14 execution, and he thought it possible that a similar mistake kliglit4utve prevailed elsewhere. Ile accordingly attended at the UMW, infice yesterday morning. where he saw M r . C a pper (Mr. lbabhative being out of town In consequence of the death of a near Mutton, who informed hint that Government hail determined to grant a respite for one week to Ilunt, and that he (Mr. Capper) hod transmitted the order to the Gaoler of Hertford, and had remised an acknowledgment from hint of the receipt of It. This ackhowkilipnent he showed to the High Sheriff. Thus is would seem thahVovernment have not yet finally determined upewebe be premed with TotPeet to Ilunt. and the fate of the wretchai teak will remains in doubt. Mr. Harmer had an interview with Hunt on Sunday last. He found bim sunk in the lowest depths of despair, and entertaining, to all appearance, no hope whatever of i favour.ble consideration of his case by the higher authorities. Mr. Harmer told him that ho had but very slight brim of a commutation of the sentence, and left hint in the most pitiable state of mind that can be con. cared. JOHN THURTELL. Robert Sutton, Esq.. the Weir of flertfm.dshire, waited utem Mr. 51inshull. the Sitting Dle,gistrate at Bow street, yester. day,to make inquiries respecting the, ah‘ipin belonging to John Thuilell, which the latter individual had before his execution de sired to be given to Mr. Wilson, the liovernor at the gaol. The High Sheriff had applied to Mr. Al inshull on a former da when be produced a letter written by John Titurtzil, authoris ing the oflicet who had the gun, to give it lip to the hearer ; and Upon that occasion the worthy Magistrate said be should have no hesitation in ordering the officer to give up the gun to hint (the High Me ' riff). The order, we believe, was given as soon am the officer (l'psna) could be found ; but, in the interim, lie had been served with a matice from the .tssignees under John Thurtell's bank. ruptcy, not to give ttp the gun to any but themselves, as they con sidered it their property on behalf of the creditors generally. The object of the Iligla Slierift's visit of yesterday, was to ask Mr. 31inalitall, whether he was inclined •ct enforce the older which he had made on Ma former occasion, for the delivery of the gun to him in compliance with the desire of Thurtell ? Mr.e !Bimini!' said, he understood that his ogkee had received a formal notice front Thurtell's reignites sot to deliver up the gull, and he feared that he could not order the officer to give it out of his possession, unless the High Sheriff' wet prepared to give hint an Indemnity against any action that might be brought for its sotovery. The High Sheriff said, he thought he should be inclined to do so, but lie should not feel himself justified in determining on th. Instant, and he should therefore take time to consider of it. Mr. Sutton, in the course of this interview with Mr. 3linshult, handed him two letters which he had just received from Norfolk, relating to John 'l'hurtelL The hint, of which the following is a acpy, was front Mr. Alderman Thomas Thurell, the heat-riven father of the dem:sits! : " Lakenhatn, Jan. la, It " Sir,—The purport of th 6 letter to you is, to apologise for the publication of your very hand some an d h umane l etter to we . De. heavy, I know, would have prevented your consenting to it. had I replevied it. My object fur doing au was this ;—the tide of public opinion had so forcibly operated against my poor unfortunate son, and receiving so consolatory a letter titan auch high authority as yours, I felt would alleviate that feeling; and I have again to oiler you my sincere thanks mid prayers, for the kindiuss and feeling you evinced towards him throughout his wretched confine. memo, and which never can be obliterated from the memory of myself and faintly. The Editor ist th jVpewle4 Mercury will forward you a paper by thbi es niil u you will observe a letterto my excellent friend, Alderman Bolingbroke, from Mr. Franklin,* to wbom also I shall ever feel greatly indebted. for his attentions towards the spiritual welfare of the unfortunate de. ceased. " Begging your excuses for the tmuble I !wee thus given you, I subscribe myself your truly afflicted servant, T11031.1S " Addressed to Robert Sutton, Est, High Sinner of the comity of Hertford. The following is the substance of the second let. -'r, which was received by Mr. Sutton, from Mr. Bolingbroke, an AWerwan of Norwich, by the same poet embrace the opportunity which Mr. ThurtrU has given me to repeat the assurance of the great consolation which your let ter ha. afliwiled to him arid his family, sr aid one aulthesad to him ny Mr. Franklin. You, Sir, must probably know nothing of Mr. Thurtrll but from report, and, although the public pros is, not always to be relied on, in their reports of his character they lure been just. I have known Mr. Thurtrfl intimately fur many years, and during that time I never knew him guilty of a dish°. nournble act or a mean one. To many, such an assertion may ap peal doubtful, but I can assure you, Sir, that he possesses the highest nations of honour and integrity, and it affords me great ea- tisfactiou in addressing you at this time, that you might know that you had not bestowed your humane attention on a worthless object.. - - - •• Mr. Thiartell does not know of my •riting; perhaps it is un necessary that he should. lie lives a mile and a halt 'ruin this city, and his letter was sent to me to be franked. This has given I me an opportunity of doing an act of grateful justice. lie has re ceived letters anti visits of condolence from persons of the first re spectability as to rank and character." I Here the names of several of those who have condoled with the mpectable Alderman upon his dreadful misfortune were inserted, hut It is unnecessary to repeat them here—it is sufficient to say that they are persons of high rank and consideration in the county o f, Norfolk.] It may have appeared to some that he has not acted with suf ficient kindness and feeling towards his unhappy son, but you may he assured, Sir, that there was no part of his conduct which could not be satisfactorily explained. Ile has generally acted under the 'advice of Mr. Unthank, a respectable solicitor of this city—my own and others. Th e r e arc many actions In a 111111 . 3 life of which no correct opinion can be formed without a knowledge of the ism tires by which they hare been influenced. " I am, Sir, kr. N. 1101.1Nti01tOKE." " To Hobert Sutton, EN., hc. " Norwich, Jan. l* &" • Mr. Franklin is die rhaplaln of Hertford (hot. MR. PIERCE OF BRISTOL. A statement has appeared In Streral papas respecting the sup pired_ discovery of this (knifeman, which b materially incorrect. Mesas. Clarke, It ichanls, stud idle eslf , Solicitors, of Chancery-lane, give the following contradiction, in order to counteract any unau thorised anticipatioas which Ow friends of Mr. l'ic.ree may thence have entertaineiL Hares, the shoc.black's belief that he had discovered Mr. Pierce, arose Inert the simple fart of the servant of the family re. siding in Buckinghani-street having given him a pair of boots to clean, in which the name of the nankin., and hia residence at Bristol, were pasted. In consequence of this intOmiati O n. a gent l e . man in the office tto whom the person of Mr. Pierce was known, he being the son of his late partner,) repaired to tie lodging. house, where he learned that the (Mint` Of the boots was a Mr. Yams, of Bristol, and who hail taken lodgings in the house as a temporary convenience. until he could procure cliantlicrs. Mr. Yates, by a singular coincidence, beans a strung resemblance, in general ap ) earmice, t o M r . Pierce. Mr. Yates still resides in fluckinghana.street. The report that Mr. Pierce had bon seen walking with Mr. Palnitw, loth in theapside, was a day or two since Drought to Messrs. H. and M., who, on Inquiry of Mr. Palmer, ascer tained tha t lie hail only been in company with a gentleman of the name of Yates, of Bristol. who hail just arrived in La:akin from that city. We believe that Mr. Palmer. jun., and Mr. Yates, served their clerkships in the same office, that of a must romeciable, Solicitor at Bristol. Yesterday morning Hare saw Mr. V., and now admits that he hed never seen Mr. Yates bother, soil that his suspicion of his, being Mr. Pierce arose front his hoots having been node by a Bristol nitumfacturer. Mr. Y. was tnr some time a resident of Clifton his family, we believe, still reside there. He had seen Mr. Pierre at Bristol. and therefore knew lino by sight, but had no, acquaint:ince with him. Three months since h e str i ve d i n t h e y metropolis, to serve his Terms es a Student of the Inner Temple, and took chambers temporarily in the Adelphi, where he still re sides. lle has never seen Alr. Pierce in London, and has not the , slightest knowledge of any circumstance connected with the mys- terious and atHieting disappearance of that m gentlesru; neither has Mr. V. seen either of the 3l es srs. Primer since he letl ' 31r. Protherue, of Park-etteet, Bristol, with whom Mr. Piller dined on the 3d inst. has. we 'inclement!, made a deposition before a:Magistrate of that gentleman having let his house at about mid. night, not under the influence of liquor in the sliAtest degree. Not the least clue, we regret to add, has yet been discovered, that might by any possibility clear up the awful mystery with which the disappearance of Mr. P. is enveloped. He has not receired his dividends on the Hook stock which were due previous to his being missed. tHE ARMY. By the death of GeueranTa — ncia Dunila:, which re oludy took piaci! in Scotland, the Colo:racy of die 71st (Highland Light Infantry), anti the Governorship of Dumbarton Gawk, have b . come vacant. Detachintms belonging to the tuth and 47th Rc: - .:.l:etits of Foot, embarked, in rursuaneeof previous orders, on the instant, on board the Castle flutit:ey East India man, for Bombay. Ih...iachinents belonging to the 1 ith Light Dracmons. and the It Lancers, and the I:stli, :Nth, and ri7th merits of Infantry, einharktil on the 17th instant, on 4nl the Duchess of Athol, Indianan, for Bengal. CAPVIRES OF SPANI.SII PEIV.ITEERS. The following hu bcen cmmunicated to us from Lloyd's:— BOVA DE•UX, JAN. 13. " Si a—The following information has been communicated to us from the best authority, and may be tidied on as atheist, viz.:— That the french 110vernmeat have decided upon indemnifying the merchants fur the limits that lime been summed by the raptor,* of the Spanish privateer* during the late war, not only the amounts insured in trance, but ulai thmic in England. amounting together to eight nidlions franc:. of *hie', five millions went insured in France, and three in Etigland. we are. &c. (.44,-teti) " anal WILSON. " Agents to Lloyd's. " To John Bennett, Egi. Secrcia-y to lA.,d's." SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. CUSTOM HOC SE, JAN. 20. EXTF.RED rN wAnl)7l. Vrouw Djenwke, Tipp's= ( Hainan, broker). from ‘Vwreum. Prince of Orange illake (.Symonds, tanker;, from Rotterdam. Hugh (Westford, Wilson (CastrnMeek, broker), from. Valluktais o . Onyx, Laughton (Wilkinson, broker), from Honduras. Champion of Wales, Morton (Spier', broken, Ban Dankirk. - PROM LIMN' Ir; UST. POnTSMOUTII. JAW. 19.—Remain the Lord Iltmgerford, fur In 'is.. JAx. Ilk—Remain the lion. Company's ships 3facqueen and I'astle Huntley, for China. The Thomas Coutts, for China, is expected in the Downs this evening. Sailed, the Ann, %'hitinore, for Cape Coast Castle ; Mary, fur I /porn); Tuscan, for the South Sims; York Merchant, for C.:iatente ; and Allalvina, for Zante. Arrived the Fame, Trickey, from Lisbon. (7ante down from the River and sailed for Plymouth, the Portsmouth transport. fln•vanit:sw, Jaw. I9.—Arrived the Rotterdam, Laming, and Prince of Grange, Make, front Itotterdam; Champion, Martin, from Dunkirk. Sailed the Margaret, Ilan, for Rotterdam. flwat: al An Ja x. 18.—The !lawn, from Liverpool to Dub lin, which sunk neat Prlesthohn Island, has been brought into this harbour this morainic, Where she now lies in safety, and will commence discharging her cargo to-morrow morning. lite aFt'lol., J AN. 18.— A rrivcd the Tuscarora, Sewell, from Philadclphia; sailed Ike. 22. PORT 131.AifiGOW, JAN. 17.—Sailed the Guiana, M•Arthur, for !Demerara; and the Pilgrim, Wilson, for Jamaica. Coma, JAN. tel.—Arrived, the Susanna, Newman, and the Dor cheater, Scootridge,trom London. The Elizabeth, Jones fmm Quebec to London, was totally lost on the 30th of Noveutbe;, off St. Hoch, In the Rivet St. Lawrence; crew saved. [From the / — i777t Puliadiert.l Bata Cosssc •.—A letter has been received from Captain John Dix, late of the brig Cossack, of Boston, dated London,lktober 11. The Cossack sailed from iVoatioo in October last, fur Lima, but had occasion to touch at the Society Islands, where she was infa mously taken in the night by I•iptain Kent, of the Mermaid cutter belonging to Port Jackson), assisted by a large party of natives. The ( °wick was carried to Port Jackson, where she was imme diately released by the tiovernor, and told to go about her businets, but no redress aMeJed for the detention, &c. After the ruin of the voyage, and being detained tour or five months, the cargo, which consisted of wheat and bread, was in a perishing condition, and was necessarily sold, at • great sacrifice, to pay for the repairs and out fits of the vessel, and she was obliged to go to New Zealand for pork, potatoes, &c.. for her new voyage. After procuring a supply, and just as she was leaving the river, she was driven on shore by the sea, and went to pieces, and Capt. 1). and the crew very nar rowly escaped drowning. Some saved themselves by swimming, and others on pieces of the wreck. Nothing of consequence was saved from the vessel. Sarin did not save as much as • suit of clothes ; others were a little more for tunate. After this unfortunate circumstance, Captain B. was under the necessity of travelling overland to the Ilay of Islands, where there we missionaries, and where he found two English whalers, and on board of one, called the Sarah, lie took passage for London. It was Captain D.'s intention to represent the Fair to the British Government, and endeavour to obtain indemnity fur his losses. Captain Die has since arrived at New York ; but we are un certain whether his reasonable demand on the Uothruhant was suesesslitl MEAD-MI LL. TO TIIE EDITOR OF TILE BRITISH PRESS. Si u—l am fully authorised to state, that that part of the account of a visit made to Brixton gaol on Saturday, the 10th instant, by a physician. in company with a s urre y Magistrate, which asserts that " leading questions" were put to the prisoners by this physi. elan, and expressions were us e d by him in their presence calculated to emit(' insubordination, is totally and unequivocally untrue. No leading questions whatever were put to the prisoners, nor one syl lable, culculated to excite insubordination, made use of—l am, Ike. Jan. 20, 11121 . VERAX. _ Ls NC4A N.—This candidate for ta me did not appear at Belcher's on Monday night, as was ex pected. It ap pears that he can reap a better harvest in the country , therefore his stay will be continued for a short time. Monday next was named as the probable day of his appearance for the Pint time amongst the Ancy in the me tropolis. It affords us real plewture in being enabled to state, from the inquiries we have made, that the sufferers by the falling of the hustings at the late conflict upon our race...bum areng on as favourably as can be expected from the nature of their inju goi ries, and that, so far from several deaths having been the consequence of the unbirturuste catastrophe, as has been reported, the medical attend ants now entertain the most sanguine hopiaof the ultimate recovery of their patients, even in the most serious cases. The fractured limbs have, we believe, nearly all been reduced with success, and, it is hoped, that in no instance will the painful alternative of atiipu tation he Mood necessary.— ll'orrcskr Herald. Probert has addressed the following letter to the Editor of a contonporary print : tar,.—Since my liberation from the county gaol at Ilertfonl, you, as well as many others, have not failed to impeach me with every crime which you think will tend to destroy my character or peace of mind ; but let me teU you, that the day is at hand when that just Almighty, who has mercifully saved an innocent man from an ignominious death, will show my actions in a very ditlerent light but to Le brief, I have only to add, that if you defame my charac ter after this notice, legal means will be the redress which I shall consider myself justified In taking. Yours respectfully. 9, Gravel-lane, Southwark. PRODERT. His Majesty's schooner Hornet, ('apt. Wigley, arrived j here last night, from the Irish station, for the purpose of receiving repairs, baring experienced some injury during the late gales. We are sorry that fears are entertained for the safety of the Sappho sloop of war, belonging to the same station, nu accounts having been hcanl of her there since' the :31st of Decernber.--Greenock Advertiser. 1•1 VAC or A SIII!Col; Lk R.—The Clinton schooner, attached to his Majesty's ship Semiramis, espied on Mon day evening (12th instant), a suspicious sail oil the 1/Id Head of Kinsale, and having bore down, found her to he the Lark, of and from Itliddleburgh, 90 tons burthen, 17 men, with a cargo consisting of 56.1 bales of tobacco, 30 chests tea, and some linkers spirits, which is expected to be landed and placed in the King'sstores.—Curk Advertiser. Roust. or Comuseriox.—The election of a Chaplain for the above Prison, under the provisions of a recent Act of l'Arliament, took place on Thursday last. Eleven can didates contested for the election; but the choice at length fell on the Rev. Mr. Anal, he having gained a majority of upwards of fifty above his competitors. The salary is 3991. per annum. John Lay, a native of Tipperary, was apprehended near Black Chinch, charged with the murder of John Fitz gerald, who was found with his throat cut in his bed. The description of Lay was given by one of Major Taudy's police to some workmen employed on the road, who appre hended him. They were &aimed in escorting him to Naas Gaol by a gentleman travelling in his carriage.—lr irh Timer. Scare or CRII4 r.—ln 'h.: list of sentences at the Somer set Quarter Sessions, we find the following among othcas To twelve mouths' imprisonment—John Adam, for poaching. One month ; homes White, for stealing three shawla ; George Andrews, for leaving his wife and family chargeable to the parish of IVestbury ; J. Windmill. for stealing potatoes. Poaching we suppose is twelve time s as: criminal u stealing shawls or potatoes. To TARE INK SI'OTR our or si OR MAIIOGANV.— Add to any quantity of water (say a small phial full) as much of the ask of sorrel as it will dissolve ; then wash the ink-spot with the solution, and it will quickly disap pear. Iron-moulds, which are rather more refractory, may be readily removed by previously dropping on them a little ink, and then washing the ink out with the solutien.- 3/n4a/tic's -Visozine. Li IT INTELLIGENCE: COURT OF CHANC} TUMID. tr, :AY. 11L .7. ct ittrattsp!, I?q. m.r.v. MANlttit())l. Mr. Loy Ayr resumed theargument in shim castes at the sitting et the Court. He vindicated the chum-ter of Mr. Leigh, who mud as thecontidendal eject of Mr. Claughton. lie h;xl remained in Os : capacity fora year and • half, and opmedn, and raised in else time more than 10,0t1lli. fort he use a Mr. I laiightnet. As to she alleged fraud of no fair considenetient having been given lty Min foe the bill, the conel.lcrition given fur it was set forth to eke answer, and would be found to be ample and satisfactcry. In tfile answer, the defendant deposed that he was not aware of my fear dulent coodurt on the part of either Leigh Of Liiivart ; and forth r. that he did not believe that soy fraud Vail been committed in the negoeiation or timbal. The sofa't- . proceeded to aver, that if deterelant knew that any fraud had been practised, he would rot have taken it. The banned Gentleman recapitulated dip proceed ings in this cause, which had been hirfore the (*curt &And it/w ham four seals. He complained of the tithe at which thin case vne now brought before the (hart, as notice of this motion was arta put in the paper the very day before the defendant's claim to the an,uunt of the bill was to be tricti at 'Westminster. He uuderatrust4 that it was to orate on there this marring as an tintleferdn,l cause. I The Solicitor on the other side intimated dist-rat ; it was to he In conclusion, the barnfri Gentlemar eontendcd that tint e..ly was there no ground for prayed' injunction to say ebb trrt there was not any ground to stay execution after trial, and should his client be awarded a verdict at law, he would lr. eotiticd forele diately to recover the aggregate :m..u3t, 13,e0ei., either on the bills, or on Mr. Clauglutic'slW.VitiCS. Mr. Anna repled. The boar 11.11 A /WEL Loa reminded Mr. Agar, that the ow. was thin on tte paper f or trial dais II If .srainiat Ws-quarts:sr. ft was either now bee'. ying, or had be trial. it were now tryirig. It would probably ha over by-arte-)ye. If it had been tried, and a verdict given iti favour of 3lr. Lianghton, then the basins, lasi at an end ; if, however, the vcnlitt went the other way, he (the Lord Chancel lor) proposed to grant the injunrinn on oraditirri that the :hooey should he paid into Court, so abide any order the Court might make, and that t h e pl a i nt iff at law should be paid all his costs, he, plaintililf should give an undertaking to sign jade meat. and not to Ming a rent e. error. Mr. Aueu readily assented to whatever proposal his Lordship might think proper to make. To a question from Counsel, r.quiring what day his bardship would require the money to he paid— The LORD en•NCE.I.I.OII-- ttit, the Cape of ciond Hope Company, in any of those other companies of which we have heard so much. will easily supply that cow." His Lordship finally ap , pointed Monday fur the payment of the money into Court. scssi t. camel('. Mr. Lov.tvi appl:ed to the Court for the discharge of the Order which his Lordship had made in this cause. Tele gtoued un which he knight ta have the wider discharged, was that the Court directed an answer to be put in, which directing had not been complied with. Little argument. but much pleasantry' had been evinced in excuse fordelay. It au said indeed that equity. draughting was unpleasant in the dog days. Pour months hid beet permitted to elapse since the order was made, and his divot had incurred a very heavy experts,. in building six house's, hi re pairing others, and in other expensive improvements. As no Tea. monable ground for delay could be alleged, he prayed that the order might be discharged. on the opposite side replied, that the time for putting in the answer had not yet transpired. Mr. 31osTani.F. was unwilling to interrupt the proceedings. but a very iinpurtant case, that of flrinotead is rc Howard and Gibbs, was fixed fisr this day, cul he found that die diseurision of this case might protract it. On this suggestion the diactuntion of the cue ceased. GRIMATEATI IR RE HOWARD AND Gills. The SOLICITOR-Iit:WI:RAI. appeared on behalf of the peti tioner in this cause. The petitioner first prayed that he might be heard by Counsel, for although a discussion took place elsewhere upon the subject, a matter which he was now shout to submit, yet from the nature of that discussion, the petitioner complained that Counsel had not been heard in his behalf. The second prayer of the petition was that the petitioner should be permitted to prove his debt under the commission. The sum sought to be proved was :12,00t11. and upwards, and the petitioner hoped that his Lord ship would decide the Isiint at issue himself, without directing a new trial, or if he should direst a trial, it might be a trial of auch a nature as would insure a full, fair, and satisfactory engagement- The petitioner asserts that Howard and Gibbs art his debtors to the &ninon( of 32,0001., which in the balance of the sum of SO,lene. which he deposited in their hand*, as annuity brokers, for invest• meet. The ground on which the assignees resisted the adruiraimi of his debt, was that his claim was tainted with usury, and unless he could remove that charge, he must lose the whole of that sum. ilesides this large debt, Howard and Gibbs were also indebted to. Mr. Grinstead in the sum of twenty-five thousand pounds for acanntoodadon acceptances. Mr. firinatead was now in pri son at the suit of the several holders of these bills. Mr. Onin stead w'ts anxious that the singular and complicated eircunfooneu of his dealings with Howard and (libber should be reviewed by the Conimiaaioners of Bankroll's, and he (the Solicitor-General) boP''d to convince his Lordshie that this case should be hood to tont ruptey jarladletion. It becarne h date 'en Nibs to his Lordship the h of the acquaintance between Howard and Gibbs and and gu through the narrative of their deal4ni. Mr. Grinstead was a gendanan residing in Surrey : at the disith Obis father, in 1777. he inherited real and perusal property to the amount of MAUI. From the commencement of Isis acquastar.ce with Howard and Gibbs, he had placed the fullest and resat im plicit confidence in them, and to this entire confidence does le: trace his miafortunes. At the trial in this cuoc, whie_ took plie.e in the Commit' fleas, it was sought not only to defraud hhn of 32,0001., but to inflict the more deadly sound of blasting his el 1. ratter for honour, honesty, and integrity. It was =desecrated to seal the death-warrant of all moral qualities in him, sod to make en equal shipwreck of his fortune and his fame. Mr. Orimaisid states, that he isnot, and was not, at the time of his becoming ac quainted with Howard and Gibbs, a man of business. He lived on the interest of his nosney in the funds, which he continued in the same stock in which lie inherited it from his father. The twat. &knee which Mr. Otimstead placed in Howard and Gibbs was a material consideration ; for it would appear that his confidence in them was no implicit and complete, and his ignorance of business so great, that hr might be regarded as an automaton the tool in the hands of Howard and Gibbs. Their first acquaintance occurred in the year ISIS. Mr. Grimatead was introduced to them by Alr. ll'alshe, who was the unclear petitioner's wife, and who assured i him that he might increase hisincome by transferring his money us them, fur the purpose of vesting it in annuitica. Mr. firm:stead at tended to the recountiendation of Mr. llfahhe, and accordingly transferred his money to Howard and Gibbs for the purpose of pur chasing annuities. The relation in which they therefore stood to wards 31r. Grimaced was that of stewards and agents, and it' was important that this relation should be kept strictly in view and dis tinguished from that of borrowers, in which it was now attempted to be set up was, that in which they stood. Mr. Grinstead did not look at any of the deeds or documents, nor did it appear indeed that he even looked at the hanker,' books. This was a proof of the implicit confidence which he reposed in Howard and Gibbs. The next allegation of the petition was, that on the 7th of August, 11121, 31r.tirlmstend made his will, assigning his property in trust to Howard and Gibbs, for his wife and family, which was another eirrunistrusce marking the ascendancy and dominion which they possessed over his mind. Subsequent to this period Howard and Gibbs intimated to Mr. Otinistead that they warier:4;l;2 i and requested he would oblige them with his signature. ingly 31r.thinoiteed signed a bill for 7,110111. at ten days dec. V this bill and others Mr. Grimaced was now in prison. In oder still further to she,/ the influence which Jloward and (Jib= exer cised over the mind of this ductile country gentleman, it appeared that the only document that passed between them was a pissaboosi recording the transactions between them. The peddnner Otafestied ignorance of the contents of this book. Ile did not even look at from the unreserved confidence he reposed in Howard and Gibbs. He (the Solicitor-Gen.) contended, however, that on a fair inspiv don of this very pass-book, 'lnward and Gibtim would be found debtors to the petitioner to the sum of 36,0001. In making out charge of usury against Mr. Grinistead, his learned friends would select one part of the loss-book which they supposed to sustain such a charge, but would exclude from their comideration that part of the book which would exculpate him from sects us imputation. There were to he (mind many entries in this book avowedly false. which justified the inference that the other items, charging usary upon 31r. Grinisteati, were not to be ruffed upon and taken as !rt.. Independent of the large investment which hail been made in the hands of these annuity brokers, 'here was also a debt of 2.i.uditi. for accommodation acceptances. These bills bore dare Novemn , 1810, and the following receipt was given for the money upon ch. ;.I by the bankrupts • I acknowledge to have received of --- Grimstead 3 :4”11 , for which he has received no consideration, and which 1 proxis, to , replace before the bill becomes due." 'Stoehr acknowledgments were given for the anlcrant of the triter bilks On the 21s' of .January 31r. tirimstead was ancstei! on r•rc of those bills fir 7.11110 L of which Mr. Derry was the holder. A compromise, however, took place on the payment of the : thousand pounds, and two bills being given for the remainder of the Run. Whitt those hills were out, th; bankruptcy of tiered and Ifibba tank place. Mr. ifiriunstetid heard of it on the ;11st of February. Immediately on hearing it. he waited on Mr. the solicitor, who advised him to quit England. Accordingly ita loft England and, on the nth of March, arrived at Dover. SOWa persons were di.powed to infer, from his speedy departure ins t!:•s country, that he was actuated by an intention of wing is to•ittsl /.1 with !Inward and Dibbs ; but, when the whole ens: was laid he'," his Lowdship. the t!eurt would tee that he only left this ecarit,v from reasor.able ant! prudential motives, to avoid arrest, on bonitot of the acconmindation acceptance, to which he had made hith.• ti* liable. lichee he left England, he left directions with 11r. TV :- ton, his solicitor, to communicate with various anruaitants ^r n 17 subject of their alleged annuities. Mr. Wilton obeyed :he intitn•-- tionst and, in obedience to them, waited on several gimlets: ~, certainly of very Sigh estimation in the county, and moving es s 'ohm of site which must neurally induce Mr. tirimsteatl to Owl; that payment by them would be certain. The Hon. Mr. tin•v net was described to be all annuitant for 11l MAI., Mr. ig. PAxet !Ur ?JUNO., Mr.tirosventw for 4.0091., and Me FO her and other genus. men ior several simian( smaller aniount. Theme gentlemen he...ret tnc onto** with great astonishment; they denied all liability to seq. ment ; and, ill .horn, it turned out eventually that not one of thbe nlictt.d graiinirx was 60/1.1 fide an annuitant. The whole was an impnsuion 01 Itoward and I;ilrint ; it wan their inverwion—th^ir ftsuil--by which they lid Mr. tirinisteaul, in their accounts. to be. Ilene that they haul laid out that mime! in the purchase of W. ntiiries, which they had appropriated to their own and other per_ ps,cs. It was true the some of the persons whose naints were i I' ' '1 I t . \, I I I I i ? i ... . . ' 1 '