The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1819-09-08 00:00:00

PARLIAMENTARY PAPLR S . ON THE STATE OP DISEASE, ke. IN fRELAND. SECOND REPORT. The gekct Committee appointed to inquire into be state of Ire land, as to Disease, and Mow far the measures, reme dial and preventive, adopted by the Legislature or other wise during the last year, love been effective for its re moval or mitigation ; and also into the roudilinn of the L'lbustrioz: Poor of that part of the United Kingdom, with a v;ew to Cecilia:ale the application of the funds of individesals and associations, fur their employ ment in user's! and productive labour; and to report their observot Miss, together with elver opinion on these subjects, f time to time to the House ; have, pursuant to the order of the 'tome, further impaired Mu the matters to Owen referred, and have agreed to the following Report : Your Committee having spurted uu the 'abject of Coo ts:limn I', sec, that must calamitous indication of general di.ires• in Leland, have directed their attention to the other treat branch of the duty devolved uu then., viz, the Employ. mr . ar of she Prior. lit Coliwiering that must important topic, y ou r Committee find etwonsAves in a great measure controlled by the segues liw.ahlr yea. iplr, that kgistative interference, in the slope r2tiouis of loinuan industry, is we much as pontble to be avoid. ril, There are, nevertheless, ronsiderable exceptions to such a rale, either when injnrions artificial impediments are to he removed, or where any branch of national industry, which cannot in its commencement he without great 'la riat,' I-silica on by individual rxettion, and solely by private fonds, may lie emoursgrel and facilitated by Pardl3lllefliary Ilezn!ation. With such qualifications, yillir Committee h .lii.erfrel their at icor ion to the deficiency of employment itinon2st the people, and the remedies which suggest them e, Ives. The general distress and deficiency preemployment are so riofig as to render it unnecessary for your Committee to encemilier their Appendix with particular evidence to eat dde II t he vitro. awl variety of the evil. tt r special regard to the limits of the specified cm-cp. t• fawn the general role, your Committee have directed their inquiries particularly tee two most important depart ments of bilsour ier Ireland, that employed in agriculture, %Nal that of the fisheries; they are likewise those to which th- treatrst extension may be given without hazarding re- the extent to which internal improvement and qui eti!tural speculation may be pursued, wilhaconfdentex. pectaima of adiquate and permanent benefit in Ireland, sour t. ummittre serer slid' satisfaction to the able scientific .iii!euee contained ill tits Reports of the Commuisimiers of :.e. presented to the Horse; they prove the immense amoui.t of iawd iu Ireland, easily reclaimable awl convartibk to Ow production of grain, atm..' wi thout limit, fur 'spur. tatiou. The Appendixes to those Reports considerably abbriblci• the course shill, their duty would have pointed out to 'our Committee. They sucerst the subjects fur *view!. aural tAr shoos, the mode of execution ; and' the small client to which their recommendations have been acted upon. tb magistrates lamentably that want of capital which in !retain, gumtrees all effort for impeovement. Your have examined one of the must eminent ef •bee oscine's, employed under that Commission, and refer tic intieliaut es hie nee of that gertlrman (Mr. Nienmeo), and hi. valuable Observations on the drainages of Holland, Hantoet r. and England. It is avow's, that in any general plait of improvement, rot eh!) , mooch of the efficacy, but of the economy of earns must oloopeud on the degree uf skill and science with silo( Ti II is &aimed. In order to being the %object more eutovelo lenity within the knowledge of 11 Houses sour Committee have annexed is their Appendix, a selection from the Reports of the Commissioners uf Bugs, uf such ports not have general application, disencumbered of all matter merely of local impoortahre. Cooler the head of &Atelier, two different objects are pointr.l out in those Reports; first, clearing, lowering, sod embanking the different streams which have flooded so mush low grounds in all parts of that country, and eolith, in the 'minima of continent physicians, forms a fruit foot teeter of contagions fewer. Such troika commt there be 0;proof-A tooto!er separate Acts of Parliament, to the expense of' a hit lo those concerned are gut equal. aneirst practice of England by Commiesionem of smiler the 23,1 uf Henry t 111. cap. 5. seems appli cable too tate case, and which has titerr yet brew Mirueluced mks the Statute Law of Ireland, ur cousequesily acted us there; with such titer either the Grand Juries nay be wade (VT inim.itsuers, or separate jurisdictions may be established Ter the purpose; and If effected by 'imminent, the success as Ail b loos ntientkil the road system would promise a cots- for improvement. greettdly, draining and reclaiming the great hogs and Those uhjt.eis may properly be left to isilividuals ur asseciations, as a profitable adventure, and legal provi sions should be made fur their repayment, by a portion of the grvuud, tither fir fie sir tram. It was by such moms that she %teat iliainagts of England were effected, in the last to:d ti . ding centuries. The Acts already existing foe that rat pow >I Id be amended, fur the cases of individual pro toes, and a general Act passed, to facilitate and cu es erai , p nettle Acts, where their are a variety of interests. A ih:el and most important object recommended by the Comte ...muss, and to shit+ sour Committee will advert, 111 191:lit‘itill with the fishery, in a subsequent part of this Begot t, is the formatiuu of roads in the mouutaist parts of Ireland : those districts, whilst they are subject so their pro pertiuu of the expetise of coutsty woks, bare not had their • sloe share of the I. tiefit of the Grand J illy system. Is such district+ it is peculiarly necessary that hues of road sad other stooks should be planned and superistended by skilful persons. the importance of which has been exemplified its the execution of the Highland toads, sod the present North notes 13311, compared to the former imperfect and expen sive method. Anti:ova the pcsitive evils molting from the want of employ most and site impassable state of the luuralair dis tricts, is the facility, stutter the present circumstances of the vonutrs, of illicit distillation, with its cousiqueut deprava tion of ~,,, r3ll 311.1 loss to the etymon. Tae waist of capital in 'reload is athributabk to various rewire. Capital can accomodate nasty out of the satriago of indivi.leals. In hothead there are few persona who, either mai.UfatIMITS or agriculture, conduct their operations on sorb a as to admit of moth surplus for accomulatius. The manufacture which flourisbas, the lines, is spread abroad amongst a population whirs at the same time culti. gates the soil for their sustenance; and though such a ass. au facture may be mine conducive to health and morals Is I !re manufacturer, it is more incompatible with large savisgs. In lace manner is agriculture, the teadesey, from various caesett, to subdivision of farms, and the general practice of thruivi•g the expense of buildisigs and repairs on the teusat, euoutcrvail the accuminlation of profit is the bawds of the fermis, and the application thereof to beneficial enterprise its sL;rrullure. It is alerect impossible in theory to estimate the mischiefs Ottendaut-ou a redundant, a growing, and wormployed popu latiou, converting that which ought to be the strength into Or petit of a state. It is obvious, that the tendency rf such a population to gesteral misery must be rapid, is pro porliou to the fault!) of procuring brass, sustenance, leo& jug to the boom Jless mullipliratiou of buissu beings satisfied with the lowest cowilition of existence. That such a population, excessive Is proportion to the market far labour, exists mid Is growing is Ireland, is a fact I ism! demands the moat serious attention of the Legislature; a:,:!ov,ites it not merely a matter of hismasity bat of state to give every reasonable eucooragestest to iodostry is: that quarter of the empire. Ir: considering the causes which discourage isfintstry is Ireland, it is impussibk to ores look the Immutable circum &twice 111111051 peculiar to that country, a the ova-resi dence of a great proportion of the proprietors; and especi ally of that portion which could most coutribute, by their rank, their wealth, sad their moral ististmee, to *perste be oeficially on the habits and comforts of tin lower classes.— expenditure of mousse is Err/land, ssaulting therefrom, enimucers the claim of Ireland 1/11 the gowns evuoitlerotioo of Parliament. Oil the subject of agricultural improvement, your Com mittee (controlled by the permasent priociple d avoldieg }lat~l:rr. .... • . umweesmrily to tamper with so important a breath of is dusky, awl leaving it toils best encoaragement, the opera. non of • free market) neverthekss think it necessary to point. out the cutest to which Ireland may be Improved, and its power of production of humus food vastly extended. It appears fa evidence, that three are of reclaimable bog is Ireland two millions of Irish Beres, of a soil suited to the ; production of grails; that the measores suggested by the scieutilic permute employed ander the Dug CommissionerA, lunch facilitate the application of private speculatiou to such improvetsgpla ; and that in mike to give elficat y to those suggestions, u General Eseloi.ure awl Drainage Act, on the principle of that for England, would be highly ',a perient ; heyomid that, as the limas for particitlar local Arts, your Committee do not venture to go. save in recomound lug, that the powers given under the Act of l Ist Session be extended to exempting from interest such advances as may be made fur " Public Works," un due security for repay. wield of the principal within a limited her of years. A refcreoce to the Reports alluded to will evince the great source of employment whieh the improvement of the bog. of Ireland would offer to the population; and tlw facility of transport by canals through sock levet fines, would inert . ' to England supplies of grain at moderate brim, whirler might reader it wholly independent of foreign countries for the food of its nisaafatturing pupolation. The mountain districts of Ireland, at precut compare lively unpioductive, are capable of high improvement ; they consist of about one and a half millions of Irish acres, of which it appears that about one half is suitable fur agei. cohort, the remainder for much unproved pasturage, kit rearing or dairy perpuae.; and the entire eminently auita. hie fur planting, mach tie the worst of it Rasing been old forest land. The nature of the evidence relative to those mountain districts has led your Committee to coossider of their on. peovensent, in connexion with that of the fisheries, of whit!' the principal lie •hang &ernes,s of those districts. la whatever view it can be considered, whether as it source of natiostal wealth, as ■ means of employing, no overflowing population, or as a nursery of the best seantets, your Committee cannot ton strongly impress on the House the impottunce of the Irish fishery. its additiva to the evi iltaire on that *object, staled in the Appendix, your Corn. millet have referred to several Report's of the Irish House of Commons, from the year 1733 to 1799, all de monstrat. ing the highly advantageous situation of Ireland, ns a scat of the fisheries, which could alone have been resitherd un. profitable by a most perverse and injuslicioni system of laws. The revision and simplificatiou of those laws, and the direct application of encouragement under thus to the re sident fishermen of the roast, your Committee consider es setstial to any successful fishery in behold. The foliate of the exissisig system may be proved by the fact established its the public accounts, that while in the last year killings were Outmoded In the valise of 58,1371. the export trade, within the last three years, has fallen to a twestsetli part of its former amount. 'The actual condition of the fishermen on the coast ap pease to be miserable; and yet their general habits, shame ter, and qualifications, are highly deserving of liberal eu couragensesit: It appears from the whole current of evidence, not only that the western, northern, and southern roasts of Ireland, afford every advantage for ■ bay or coast fishery, but that NM M eminently suited for a deep sea cod fishery of great IstipseMner, calculated to afford permanent ensploymetit, in. dependent of that for she production of oil from the whale sad basking-shark, which almond in the contiguous seat. Without enlarging un the importance of this subject, your Committee refer to the evidence in their Appendix. as well as the voluminous testimony contained in the Irish Journals before refired to, and they particularly call the attention of the House to that of Mr. Telford, which has dished thew to take the benefit of experience from ■n improved system of fishery laws, and of parliamentary encouragement, wisely applied and eminently rucressfill in the tall! of Srotland. Tim inestimable benefits of the measure, which has opened through the Highlands of Scotland suitable lines of road into the seats of tbe.hsherits f the more improved dis tricts, form a strong contrast to the unmrrnus instances in which public mosey has bleu injudiciously applied to local rdsjects. The establishment of successful fisheries in come mince has materially augmented the national wealth, :Aid opened sources of the most valuable industry; mud it op. pears to your Committee, that so extensive a national bens fit was sever attained for so moderate an expenditure. In the case of Scotland, its 1802-3, the Treasury adopted the principle of applying She public mosey for die great ultimate public object of encouraging the fisheries; with that view, they ordered surveys to be made by skilful engineers, and approved a scheme for opening the High lands on a prospective estimate of 150.0001. so Ise met by as equal - levy tom the districts to be thereby improved ; of the signal success of that scheme your Committee hare the most satisfactory evidence. Os every grounit of policy as well as justice, your Com mittee earnestly recommend the application of the prece•- dent of Scotism, to the highland districts of Ireland. It appears in evidence, that the circumstances of the countries in question are remarkably similar; they are both moun tainous and uncultivated, and abound with an nom ployed population. The Irish soil is stated to be capable of higher cultivation, as better in itself, and equally aboanding with manures, which at present cannot be transferred fur its im provement beyond the mere precincts of the sea. It almonds with the best natural harbours fur safe anchorage and shelter, but is deprived of the Id ache of these from the want of piers ur lashog places, which it appears could be con structed at a ussidetate expense. These favourable Bahian stations are also, for want of roads and bridges, cut off Eros intercourse with the interior, from which capital may be ex• meted, and a market found for the coast fishery. To all these natural claims to similar encouragement, those districts of Ireland add the very anions sisse. that frost the noneesidence of a snalutity of the proprietors, they du sot possess within themselves She WIMP of effecting those objects by private exertion. Il appears moreover, that its the fait of Scotland, no coatbimlioli of private individuals. with equal funds, could have effected the same amount of good which has been wrought wader the Parliamentary (Sum. mission for Scothtual. And in any wiessures which the wisdom of Parliament may adopt, the power thnrugli which it is to be exercised should be removed from the influence of local lowest" and partiality in its applia►ion. It i.e no small reconsasesdatioe of n similar experiment in Ireland, that the amount of mosey requisite for its completion is sir small as not to present say obstacle, even in the present difficult situation of the Ihemaces of the State ; and that its apple. cation would moreover be justified and facilitated, by she power possessed wader the Grand Jury system of Ireland, of taming she brad to ►e improved in as motion. equal to any public grant, by which muds of the difficulties eucountered in the Scots system would he avoided. Jane 7, 1819, Just published, by T. HARVEY, of Blaekrriares road. a Pocket Manual. bring A few illinvict Admire .Pon the lfedient Board, in a Lecture on the Lacs Yawn' auJ Sexual Debilities, as IltlitereJ at Wood stuck Haase, and Charlotte Howe ' is alaieb last, a Pub li easiest highly interesting to young Practitioners, and of ire punitive to the vital niterests of society.— kur the accum modatiou of Patieuts, a Medical Board is established in Woodstock-street, Oxford-street, by Dr. COOTFR, of Char lune House, Greet Charlotte-street, Blackfrialtil-luasl. The Board is composed of Gentlemeisof the lino talent, of wally forty years' experiesor, all Menilwrs of die Royal Colleges of Leaden and Edinburgh, who are consulted daily by all reeks a people. Patients afflicted with • certain complaint. strictures, erratic pains, eruptions of the skin, islcernied throat, glandular swellings its the neck, die. are diereses which arise from improper treionwat—the •fflicted are ion. mediately relieved, and speedily cured, without confine. ment.--Mesars. Conowo sod Co. are ceosulted it M'uo,l - Hasse, from Eight I. elm Bromism until Eight at Night; sod at Palate Horse. Great Charlotte-street, op. petite the Her. Rowland Hill's Chapel, from Twelve till Eight (end we Wore elm is LensdoNJ. Mechanics have advice gratis ever, Eseniag, from Sin till Eight, at birth Homers; and at Sudsy Horologe until Twelve o'Clock 74.8. Masora of ae years standing, nail of 74 inches is cireunifereoes, radically awed, without surgical opt-ratios. o-- 0 .• Priests Reese foe twasellatiom NATIONAL M F.: AI LS. The British public are already acquaiateil with the cha racter and merit of the graud ae►ies of Nati 0000 al Medals pro duced under the superintendence of Mr. Muni,. and exe cuted by the ablest Artists of (ritual Britain and the Confl uent. 'Flsis was one of the greatest and most patriotic (and we would fain hope nos* saceessful) imilertsking ever aide by a single individual, to perpetuate, thimigh the medium of Art, the most elortima aurees.i 0000 of molts', and naval rests that vv. , adorned the annataofanynatioo its Europe. Mr. Munis has followed up this undertaking, which was so admirably condoeted in all its parts by the milted skill of British and Foreign Artists, by 'Mewing what the f,rtner Call Wooly execute in medallic are. %Vitt , !worms ing truth and propriety, he has selected for this porpoise a spew Medal of our venerable Sovereign, who as founder of the Royal .Iratlesny, and an she steadfast patrols of it. ohs iliugitishol President, Mr. WasTs Owned the ,ruse he e"- teriaitsed of the moral influence of Art upon society. and of the atiachniritt he hare 10 its most eininesit Professor. Mr. Mutates new Medal bears on the oh fine head of the /NG. executed by %Vann—the air is titan a n d dignified, with a peculiar and forcible expresinon in the lips and eye brows; the neck is finely formed, and the hair encircled by a wreath whirls is plain and simple; the curls of the hair are not (tittered away into email and trifitog parts, but formed in broad serpentine lilies, whir's flow at note natu rally and gracefully. (7 the likeness, which in Medals as Portraits must be strincinally camodered, we are p•epareil In anticipate n variety of opinions. Mr. Mutsit has, oe understand, taken this likeness from a model of hie MAJIIITY finished in the prime of life; and the Medal he has struck from it is -stimitted, by tlw oldest servants of the Royal llousehold, by those who station about his Nls.nalerv's persons have hail the Is•st and most coast:int opportunities of ClillTClitalla with the fell rharaetcr and expression of the Koval features, to be the most perfect medallic likeness of the Kt vin that has been .truck slowing the present reign. But is Mr. Mu DI aware that. ample as this testimony is In the few whom it sill reach in ordinary conversation in the circle which surrousols our venerable and alibied Sovereign, hs bait yet to CO. cutwier the previously fined elrarseter of the Royal which the public have imliihed firont the coot of the trains? Mr. Moots represents his Severeign's features, as Sir .110.11UA itrTNOLDS oh.; 11.0-e to his hest portraits which partook of au historic character—preserving the full con tour and characteristic ratites of lbw features of the original, ht• has nut obscured and overwhelmed them with !lie accidental deformities inilticeil by age. An histo- feral portrait painter will it, his, work, after she precept and example of Rewsoene, avoid as carefully the heavy Bedtimes, which age nod isitirmiliee emate in stone sislrjeris, as he will the ciptally culpable, though more palatable practice of Sir Too Mas Lewitt:Set (ollierwire the greatest portrait painter in emistence). whose portraits ill 'Nudity have all the bloom and freelmeer of truth The Maio** likeness us; this 31edal Is, we repeat, one of the few dignified reoreseniatimis of the origiaal which we have even; it has more of real character, and less of sicitleittal change Arising from age, than we have observed in any former 31.. There iv, perhaps, re greater length fsoin the nose to the chin than in the original. This may appear more striking. front the erect postote of the neck ; end, speaking merely from memory, we cattiest venture to pronounce it decisively a defect. Our readies meat judge, as we do, from their own recollection's. The emirs. of this M , dap is uncommonly heantifnl. The arms ate quartered Its the form of a reoss, us ton the %billings of the slat rout es pot of the Moose of PRENs. Wick, and their prialect-ssior of the STEARTS. Some tine soveillirtlS Id this arrangrunrtot of the Royal Anna are to he found its the best coins of CnAttt.r 4 11. and, if we mistake not, in ("Rom w If it Were toot originally ilt.i4nett by Slums, whose nudallic skill was so celebrated, it wit at least t hastened and finished by that Artist in a 5.11ps riot. degree. 31r. Meuse ha. in the slew Medal re ta.t, :VI it at r.', the style of the ornamental cross, which in some of our past coins dismayed the Royal Alllll4 and rendered it in and uncommonly beautiful. 'file arms of the cross arc formed of four shields; one with the 1111131 armorial 'mariners of three lions, a scrimsl with the lion rampant, a third wills the harp, the fourth with the horse, tile Hanoverian emblem; the shields of the glove hest in ostler esermounted by the Ilfiliab Crown, the fiftieth by the Crown of CtiAnerst %CM It. The centre of the field of the Medal is formed by n small a.il beautiful representelion ••f Ilse device wf Sf. George 3111111 W Dragon, eueircled by the Garter motto, from whirls spring four tasteful 1/I anch. that intereect the field of the Medal between the armorial bearings—the nose, the Rka•nrork, the ritalle, and the Horse of Hanover (the fore-part of which is, by the way, too choosy), rap earls of finite branches. The execution of the rersrse is beautiful in the extreme, and reflects. the highest credit upon Mr. Mtt.t.s,'a young artist, who has been patro. nised by Mr. WEsT (whose Medal he struck), by Mr. CnAn- TRY, the sculptor. and toasty other eminent Artists. — Mr. %Venn for healer, and Mr. Thum for pure and el/1431Cal ex. colitis of ',coigns, have wilewit in the series of 1 4 1Witoial Medals the powers of our own Artists. 'fhe former for forcible expressi ~,,, and the latter for pure and delicate marking, which was never sliew us in a higher degree of per fection than in Mr. glum el. new Medal, the Awl& on the Tfl*Pl. l l* of whirls equal slily thing we have ever seen in this branch t f Art for delicacy of execution, sand inimitable finishing. Ti.. raised prstiectisse edge is also skilfully coo. trivet, ; it presents a sulfa-mit protection by a raised and delicate threat', instead of a thick and heavy cording, anti answers every real purpose for sloth it is intended, without trespisaisig isps..o the fine polished field of the Medal, the , even surface 1,1 which affords such a dazzling relief to the ornamental pasts. We have hitherto spoken of thin as a Medal, ►hough, in feet, from its sire and design, it ou;lit rather to be described am a model for an English crown purer. It shews at least what Euglish Artists might Is me done at ass Entilisi Mint, if is were deemed insure seemly by the Genii. mass aho has 4.000/. a year for _lodging, and who is ..0 dusibt the brat judge, that au English Artist should have been tried before ass ifolina were introduces'. lint ne moot lake Ili.' business at w e fill., it—our Coin will go foals with Signor PISTRUCCeS liable to the world, and tine Medals will at the same time chew what our Artists ran do, and what they might have dime, if their efforts were uoi oh the patrunsige s.f the Mint. The public cast never he at a loss to make a tolerably fair estimme, when they have the Colo and lbe Medals Wort them :—the Low in its must essential parse fleshy, nn. seemly, and midi fined ; the other hearing the larvae marks of genstioe taste and proper discriminal' of eharaeter. Mr.:ill:DlE ought to take ewe tied the MASTER of the MINT dors nut louse ills new Medal within the .................. the Art which snakes it treason for a psis-ale isolivitloal to circulate a piece of metal bearing Ilia impress of the Royal head and Royal Arms, without the express authority. Hite shall ever be prosecuted under this Act{as WOLSET Wier war), it mount be al least fur insilatisfi the Coiss of realm, though it may he fur presenting the glint with a model entitled to their insitalson —to the patronage of the public—and which, whatever be the fate of the coinage, will preserve Ilse character of our Artists ( [wiser implicated Os the result, and anew the oat lows of Europe, that though medallic Art has not been cultivated w Otis country stutter the direct patronage of the State, it bag 'et attained a lea feeliou moiler the patriotic encouragement of litigate iisdivislisals, which bat not been surpassed hy the effect of the more munificent patronage uniformly held out to it in totter States, and which we fear had unfortunately induced a belief (by this lime Gann recent event■ pretty well dissipated) that on the Continent atone could Artists be found compete'', in superintend and tfe. cute the mew coinage for the use of Great Britain. HIGH WATER THIS DAY AT LONDON BRIDGE. Morning 35 after 4. &main 54 after 4. • C.IPE OF GOOD 110 Pg. A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CAFg or 000 g HOFF.; With (lamer krioss ON THE MEANS or 111PROviN0 THAT EXTENSIVE AETTLIESILIAT. [From The New Monthly Magazine.) Whether the ancients had aisy knowledge of the soothers extremity Of Afoot is a doubtful point : but tile first European navigator who had the honour of doubling that proinontiery was Bar. thiploinew Diaz, 411 officer in the service of John the Sec I, linig of Porto:o'. lie 'proceeded to tweinv-four degrees south, owe hundred and twenty Iragnes beyond the track of former naviga tors, and then stretching boldly out to sea, never apromi heel the coast again till lee was 40 leagues to the eastward eel the Cape, whirl, lee bed passed without seeing it. He then advanced as far as the river del Infinite, upwards of six degrees to the east ward of the Agulhas, winch is the most southern point of dent vast continent, and near a degree hey I the Cape of Good Hope. The occasion of his return is unknown, but twenty-five leagues short of the above liver he erected a cross on an islet or rock, which still bears the name of De la Cruz, in the hay of Algot., or Del Agree, an called from its having furnished a supply of water. 'tile grand promontory wined) Diaz saw on his return he named j C elm Tormention, from the tremendous storms I whirl, he lead to enconmer ill his passage ; but this appellation was afterwards changed by his Soverei , soi to that of Bona Esperanza, or Cape of I Goo' iinpe, as expressive of the prospect which the tliscevery held out of a sure path to ImIM. That path, howeve•, was not explored till ten yenta afterwards, when the same Diaz served with his brother under that great commander, Vasco de Games, who touched at the Cape, but with. out making any settlement there. Next to De Gain t was the Portuguese Admiral Rio d'lnfante, who -itroogly urgent his Government to establish a colony doe the southern coast of Africa, fixed upon a river for that purpose, to which was given his own name, but now called the Great Fish River. Some oilier attempts were made by different voyagers belonging to the lame nation to colonize the Cope, hut none of them proved successful, fur the waist of sufficient energy and management. lie 1620 the commander+ of two English ships in the East India trade, took formal possession of Saldanha flay, under the authority of the Company and the Crown, but nn further notice was taken of the Cape till the year 1650, when the Dutch East India Conipaiiy sent out Von Rieheck to form a settle ment there. That commercial body, however, never made any efforts to extend the colony, or to improve the local advantages which they possessed, coofieeing all their care to the Cape itself as a port for the refreshment of' their ships. Thus limited in their ideas, and fearful, perhaps, that a more flourishing colony would require an expensive military establishment, they threw every obstacle in the way of new settlers, allowed no trade to be carried on but what passed through their own servants, and made the Cape entirely de. pendant upon the Government of Batavia. The wretched mid jealous policy of the Dutch was strikingly displayed in the law which they passed, that the ;wettest distance from house to house in the interior should be three miles, thereby keeping the settlers apart from each other, and preventing as uniele as in them lay a thriving population. Thus, a country ethundaut in natural riches, and the means of subsistence, was neglected, the colonists became unsocial in their inauners, and the na tives either retired as they advanced, or if soy of them remained, it was only to be reduced to a miserable state of slavery, under the usurpers of their natal soil. Another proof of the selfishness, or sluggish indifference of the Dutch Govern ment is the fact, that no geographical survey of the Cape was ever made till the country fell into the haunts of the English, when a map was con structed by the order of Lord Macartney. From this 'purvey it appeared that the extent and dimensions of the territory composing the colony of the Cape, formed a parallelogram of 550 miles in length, and 933 iu breadth, comprehending an era of 128,150 equate miles. This great space of ground, recto ding the population of Cape Town, was peopled by shout 15,000 white inhabitants, so that each in dividual might be said to posse's eight and a half square miles of . ground. The whole territory is divided into four district.. viz.: that of the Cape ; of Stellenboscie and Drakensteiu ; of Zwellendam ; and of Graaf Reynet. The Cape district is chiefly composed of the mountainous part, which gives a general name to the whole peninsula. The Table Mountain, with the Devil's Hill on the east, and the Lion's Heed ou the west, forms the northern extremity of this peuin soh, being in length from north to south about thirty-six, and in breadth eight miles, connected with the continent by a low flat isthmus. False Bay and Table Bay, one washing the southern and the other the nortlwrii shore of this istlinius, are the usual places of resort for shipping. —This last affords secure shelter in the pleasant season, that is, from September till Nay. when the south-east wind* prevail, while Simon's Bay, 011 the western shore of False Bay, is safest for the rest of the year. when the northerly and north. westerly winds are strong est . The latitude of Table Bay is 33. 55. S.; long. 18. 30. E. Of Sim AU% I;ey the latitude is 34. 9. S., and kme tude 18. 32. E. Cape Town is situated at the head of Table Bay, 00 31 declivity, end consists of about eleven heir il:ed houses, regularly built, and disposed into straight and parallel streets, intersecting each other at right angles. Three or four squares give the town an open and airy appearance. In one is held the public market, another is resorted to by the peasants from the country with their waggons, and the third 'ems as a parade for the troops. 'The inhabitants are oboist sixteen thousand, of whom six thousand are whites, and a mixture between Europeans and Africans * sod the rest blacks. The vegetable produce of the Cape peninsula consists of grapes, with all the European and many of the tropical fruits, men. lents of every description. and barley for the use of hovers. lii other pints of this district s however, wheat is raised, and besides supplying the market with grapes and raisins. sheet 700 pipes of wine rre,inade every year. Of these use 100 pipe consist oils sweet, luscious able, called ONMIIOOIO. the produce of told Mins 15intenear the nuniiitsi s The -grape is the umscadel, mai though the r; quality of the wine is in pail owing to the situatita, there eau be little doubt but that en article riiaL: good might. with proper are, be mole in °tip:, quarters. The vineyards, gardens, and fruiter,., are diaitled into small squares, and enclosed ttr cut hedge, of oak., quince trees, or myrtles, as at I!!cte, rite from the souttreast winds, but toe grant it on open grounds. The stators, productions of the Cape pe n i n .„ are, ;whops. more instnerous and beautiful i„,,, in any spot of the same magnitude in the k i ,„„ . . world. Few countries. iside_ed, can boast so gene a satiety of bulhoiss.rooted !slants ; and at et c or the rainy season, the plains at the root or 1;,.. 'Fable Mountain, and on the west shore of T 4.1.. Hey, exhibit a rich appearance of flowers of colours. while the sides of the hills are finely pe nt ,' with the family of geraniums, in all their ditiereat species. The froeteeeent, or shrubby plants, row. log in wild luxuriant", furnish an endless V4flrly for the !atheists of the botanist. who never fails discover some species that have escaped the Cr. searches of former naturalists, (To 100 osotfootit) THE TURF. REDFORD RACES. 11101 MAT, AVOUPT 30. of lOp. tide. Two-mile heats —1 1 : Seb•cribers.) Mr. Dilly's b. f. F.it DOWN by Saito% 4 yrs old Mr. H. Edwards's h. on. Rhoda, IT yrs oil Capt Tboinsou'e M. b. Sidrupbel, 5 yrs old Mr. Pusses b. f. Misery, 4 yre old " Make of Grafton's b. f. Jingle, 3 yrs old . . Mr. Lushingiou's b. to. Escheats% 5 yrs old Seventy Pounds, fur three-year *Mesh% 801. 71b. and fi Bsl.3lb.—Hests, ore. round. Mr Smith's hr. c. Little Orville 3 Mr. Tibbitt's b. c. Philip 1). of Graham's Jingle TVENDAT. Fifty Peruids, fur all ages. Ftwee-sitr beam Lashiarue's Etattrostress, 5 yes told 11. Edwards's Rhoda yrs 014 .11. B. Edwards's lA. h:114:1) Roy, aged ....... .„. fAe Farmers Cep was Moll at two thrsowile IlrJl, . y iiiffunra di. a. Buff, Leming two other,. rEYENAGE MOUNT RACES, (011111 RVLISMISII DOWNS) WIDWRSDAY, SEPT. 1. A Plate of 501. Cue •ll •ve. Hathlievs. Mr. Lovell's ch. b. Forth Mr. Prince's br. Fanny Captain Kers's br. h. Tendsirr hlr. xun's Furl emote Yogi!' ••• —•--- - - Even un Teable', sad 3 to 1 agst the wuluer. Sweepstakes of Sp. each. Mr. Rugers's b. b. Grecian.. Mr. Hull's b. f. Charlotte Eight started, but only twu were placed. THUIUDAY. A Ladies' Plate of SOL for all egos. Captain Eeess's Tumbler Mr. Jores's Hospitable Mr. Wells's Sweep tl In 4on the winner. A flee rare. The Molders' Stakes did uut ♦YR RACES. Wit0111•011.1r, ORMXIIIIII 1. The lint year of the fourth reuewal of the GLIM C,,n Saboeriptiou of tote Hundred Guiana value, Ow re.l specie. Twelve subscribers. Tea .Goineas each p. p.— Two lades. Fur horses fooled is Seotlaad. The Earl of Egliatoes b. R. Iliooreith, by Stamford I Lord lielbones a. h. e. UMW; by Stamford Sir R. K. Dock's gr. S. by Stamford A Phle at SOL for all aces. • Saar smile bests. Sir W. Maxwell's gr. snare, Nell Aiello*. A yrs 01.1 I I T►e Earl of Eglialoses Ging/a:T. five yrs uld Woo easy. rweasoAT, sernimssa 2. A Male of SOL for all area. Lord [album'. ►. e.Chstiee, by Slassfurd,3 yn old 1 I T►e Earl of Egliasses Gleapry. b yrs old Sir W. Maxwell's Eberly S►sry, 4 yrs old Mr. Gaffitia's Carrick, aged i COURSE OP EXCRANG, Atnaterdsm,C.F. 11 19 Ditto at Sight 11 18 Rotterdam 12 Antwerp exmlo 12 Haaabergh 38 4 Altman 3B Paris 3ilay'adate 35 SO Ditto Rourdeaux do 25 58 Frankfort oa the , Tvaasay. Strrawata Gases 4lt Ve.iceltal.lrv l 6BO Malta I§444es .. 391 Palermo II7J per us. .... 53 Oporto 54 Rio iseeiro so _ . iDuilim..l 23 Maine 1514 Madrid .. 341 Cadiz Gilboa 36 Deiceloss Seville 36 Gibraltar 3l peghura .. 41! BULLION. Portugal Gold is C. • 4 Coils, per oz 3 17 lel Gold is Pars 0 0 I , New Doubloous g 14 #, New Dollars 0 II tt Silver in Bars 0 4 1 New Louis eseb 0 0 o BIRTH. Oa Moaday. the OM instant, at Warbliagion Hails, the Lady of William Padwielt, jou. E.N. ef a sum auJ MARRIAGES. On Moeda,. at St. George's, Haeovermyeare. how. Bradshaw, Esq. to Clearlotte, youngest solar et Sir Tyro kelt James, Bart. Oa Friday lasi, at Dushar-base, by Sir Beaty ?fluor. u tE Millwood, Bart. Edward Staaky, of Cross Hall, ill 11... musty of Lamaster, Esq. to Lady Mary ktaitlaud, ~t. daughter of the Earl of Lauderdale. Or Thursday. the SA iamant, at tit. Oswahr.. in C11..t , I. by the Rey. N. Hisile,tha Rea Thomas Blarkburor, of Crofton, Yorkshire, sad Vicar of Eccles. ascoad sea of J. Workhorse. Lai. M.P. for the collet% Lancaster, sad Chaplain is Ordinary to his Royal High.. she Prince Regetst,le Zama Lass, yowlers* diluents oi H. Hesketh, Esq. of Newton, ask Chester. DEATH& O• Friday last. at Hoddeados, Herts. aged 73. ilmrieti wife of Admiral William Fame Williams. Os the sth issiast. is Ladish Taws, Ass, relic: .r Theism Bodies, ism of Hearten liaise, is the East •f the coesty of York, Em. aged Vt. Os Mosiday. the 3Mh of Aerial. at nest Makers, an M illness easily shim deg% Lady Gm; rrik of fir haws .• Cert., Bart. LON DON : MNd ed Pablislood M tbs Vie% Pd. IV. Surd, where Aireadesseebi are received. eed LAW Clt) ask sieressa,—C. 111111TIV-Ike. IN. Prhisr—J. WRITE, No. Me ilf*" 10 PsOiske Mr. Mr. Mr. PRICE OF STOCKS YESTERDAY. 3 per Ct. C0n5..711 7 1 I 3 per Cent. 1715 .. 70.1 91 per Ex. Bills, 1.. 1 3 dis. 5 per Ct. N. An... 1041 i I °militant 3 hf Pr* Imp. 3 per Ct. Ann..7o I Cons. fur Aec...711111: New Annuities - 71 IN a .o Per Mei Tell Tor Con Clai Tra Mr. Doi Go , Tc C