The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1820-08-04 00:00:00

'ARP .1 I #-b . t ad ' . " , • )‘" /IC/ • (../ / 14(f j/4 Q ( 11111 -,4 111 . :.,.1: belo w,. 4.. e....e.k .... i _ / •., • ....,.. 5.3 . iimit - 0 ..-- I ' 11l -:. / • . . k ' . . , a ••••• ...0.• i • / ,••• .1- . " •"'l. 44 ~ ;. , AV If ". .. ' . i • i 1 * - . _ it• . i b . . rt . . ~.,.. .... 1 • • I 1 \ • ' '‘ • U . ' , , . • • 4 . I I Ilif .. 7 le` • k -...1 ....i. - 411, 41 It i tilSo A t • . ....-• I .... I. • • • .•. . .. ...,. . . . . .. ..,.. . . • „ *l.- •11 e— . - / 1 . /.. ------ • LON DON, FRI DAY, 'A UG vsT 4, 1820. :-.-- - - tbfallee VAUXHALL goory, examination, or disconness of the Cora Lein, would , REVIEW OF -THE EDINBURGH REVIEW"' limy Tin' EVENING, FRIDAY, August 4. should disteeb sad degree the coon*, ; bet why th a t distraction . OF lob' a GRAND GALA, comprising a Concert o r Miscel.is by no tortatmenyllained, sow can it be enplaim CIIIII Illt 4. Isneows Mink. At the end of the lest Art Madame and ed, except by the pretraleare of • disposition to evade sod MR. OWEN'S PLAN ' beer called Mademoiselle frampoi. with Itlndentoiselk Adelle, will exhibit Put oil the evil day WI etnithirtasaiment, by which the die. FOR RELIEVING THE NATIONAL DISTRESS. re. their admired Performances; tutdt 01 the ( That'll's) or the !oily is weedy lerresse4, sod tie public Interest deeply in. thy 1 ... ~/. Ali. 11111().111(1 • I , r.•,a NUMBER 5511. .:n Pooilively the last Night of Madame Vestite appearance this Seamus. TIIRATRIB-HOYAL, HAYMARKET. THIS EVENING. FR lIM V. August will he performed the popular Comic sketch - PRICE 7d. _ emillortemelent„ . or greatly brereased, aa4 politic rearrest deeply in jurei.l. It was raid that the agrieuhurists were suffering less than any other aim of IM people; but ibis is the as. serliors of persons utterly iseelequisinted with the subject, whu perhaps are more retirement erith harsiuess on the Es. change. The agticulturiets See more loaded taus, tither, poor.ratee, sod arsessereets, Hein any description of the people, at the Miele time list they pay all other taxes and assessments in emersion with the rest of the community. To these, however, they swaireldobly and patiently submit; but, as to the interference of foreign grain and foreign wool, they pray that the remedy which is is uor power may be granted. That remedy *woad trot raise the pries of bleed, as is suggested, bat eedoubtedly is the mod would lower it. The quest iota, Istrwever, Is sot merely whether they are more oppressed, hat 'whether the •grieullere of the mutt try, the subsistence of the people, is likely to be dimioished, which will be the tennis comsequeece if tillage is nut eu. couraged surd protected. Tu return, killteerolle r le eee4elle Ilieseetelt end einem, some have sleeted the 'slower, of the dm. tress amon g the agriculturists, others have admitted it, bat as tribute.l its origin mid enure to high tad extrevagsni revs. It is to be wi.hed, though certainly nut to be expected, that those who have so great • facility is making such observe. lions, end reeormstrudmg fiat we should abandon o ur equi- THE ACTOR OF ALL-WORK; Or, FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR. Vrliusperk, Mr. Connor; Multiple, Mr. J. Russell; Ales r, M iss G. Carr. Characters—Matthew Shay, Mr. J. Russell! T,sgedmos, Mr. J. Roswell!! Rubin Sersuky, Mr J. I'.. -.11!!! Andrew MseSillergrip, Mr. J. Russell!"! Mrs. MA. SW. 'grip, Mr. J. Russell Fat Coachella*, Mr. J. liusell "" '" ..; mid, at , eo•clusiar of oho C.•cert, will succeed • brilliant display of Fireworks, by Signori!' Header, when blailsone Saqui, cumplesely rave. loped in • 'oblate of ere, will achieve her surprising Evolo. tient on the Tight Rope, at an elevation of sixty fret from the ground. Admission 3 2. 6 .1—D00rs open at Seven, the Concert to begin at Eight o'Clock. *r which, THE BEGGAR'S OPERA. Capt. Mtcheath, Madame Vestrit (brr ; appearance its lbw Character, and on this Stare); Penchant, Mr. Terry ; Lockit, Mr. Williams; Filch, Mr. J. Rummell. Polly Peachuns, Miss K. Corri (her 12th appearance upon the English Mace); Mrs. Penchant, 'Mrs. Pearce; Lucy Loekit, 51ca.C. Kentble. SECOND EDITION-NEW ROMANCE. Tbis day is published, THE ASTROLOGER; or, the Eve of San Srbniiar . ■ Romance, in three volumes. " A black presaging sorrow fills my heart; What email a day like this produce but woe ?" Printed for W. Fearsome, Library, 170, Net, Band-street. IVlirre may be bad, The NEW TALES, containing PONTEFRACT CAS TLE, 3 vols. To easel's& with she Comedy of THREE WEEKS AFTER MARRIAGE. Si► Charles Racket, Mr. Joon; Dragires, Mr. Williams; Woodley, Mr. HiusisnonsL Lady Racket, Mrs C. Kentish's; Mrs. Dragger, Mrs. Pearce; Dirsisy, Mr.. Baker; Nancy, Man Leigh. Plates for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. klassiogbam, at the Theatre. • BRIDGER, MAYOR. A COMMON COUNCIL, holden io the CHAMBER of the GUILDHALL of the CITY of LONDON, too THURSDAY, the 3d day A viva, 1840; • Rtiot.Tab, To-sorrow, The Jealous iTite, wills Rosins. A sew Comedy is is separation, sod will be speedily produced. WHAT this COURT feel it to be the norlonht. ed right of the Subject to Petition upon any matter of grievance; and that such right ought not to be impeded en account arse, technical informality. That this Court have therefore heard, with deep concern , that the House of Lords have refused to receive their Peti tion, presented meatiest the Bill of Pains and Penalties, now pending in Parliament, for the purpose of degrading her Majesty the Queen, on the ground that the Petitioners pen. fussed to be acquainted with facts as to the origin of the Bill, which could only be Iceman by Members of their Lord. ships' Secret Committee. • That this Court, disclaiming any intestine of offering to their Lordships matter which, by the forms of their Lord. ships' House, cannot be received, feel it nevertheless in he due to themselves, and iu accuribtoce with their birthright, as Englishmen, to persevere in respectfully pelitiouing their Lordships, in their legislative diameter, against the pro posed Hill of Pains mid Penalties, as contrary to the Con. mitutional Jurisprudence of England, calculated to lower the dignity of the Crown, and le prove detrimental to the Liberties, the Peace, soil the Security of the Country. That a Petition be therefore presented to the House of Lords, conformable to the above Regulations. WOODTHORPE. pages and ■ low luzusisa , world airy recumtnend the red-He lien of the interest of enmity, especially of the funds, and thus place land sled money more •early on a level. They perhaps are nut aware of she very considerable reduction of rent sod retrenchment of expense which have taken place in the greater part of Great Britain sad Irelaud. THEATRE ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE, STRAND, THIS EVEN:NG. FRIDAY. August 4, will be performed the Musical Drama called THE PURSE. The Baron, Mr. Rowbot barn ; Edmeud, Mr. Broadhurst Will Steady, Mr. Bartley. Sally, Alms I. St eeeee uu. After which, 1211 i time, an entirely new Operatic Drama, in three acts called WOMAN'S RIDDLE! Duke of Maas, Mr. llowl;thain ; Count Vitahli, Mr. Bartley ; Cavorio, Mr. Pearruau ; Corwin'', Mr. Harley. Pri Clementine, Miss Kelly ; Duchess of Mantua, Mrs. Chotterley; Isabel, Miss Carew. 1 he Epilogue, is character, by Mips Kelly. To which will be added, the Musical Farce called W ALK FOR A WAGER! Or, A BAILIFF'S BET. Merrier:lam, Mr. Rowbothom ; Bob Lovelock, Mr. Har ley; Huukey Walker, Mr. Wahiawa; Kimble'', Me. T. P. Cooke. Ewan, Miss I. Sievempos ; Mrs. Kilileary, Mrs. Grove. The spacions Saloon bu been again tastefully filed up with a new design, ►epresenting an Iltnneinated Oriental Garden, and will be opened as usual at Eight o'clock, for the admittance of the &coati Price, which commences at Nine. REPORT OF THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD TO THF. MEETING AT LEWES WOOL FAIR, ON THE 26Ta JULY. To-morrow, The Blind Boy—Belles without Beaux—and Amateurs and Acton. OS Monday next will be produced an entirely new Ro- mantic Melo-drama, founded on the celebrated Tale called The Vampire! (Concluded from Tat Barium Pans of Wednesday last) SURREY THEATRE. r HIS EVES(6I6, FHIL/AY, August 4, _1 and TO-MORROW, SATURDAY, will be presented an entirely new Cumic Markus, with new and selected Music, called WHEELS WITHIN WHEELS. rol. Saietrille, Mr. Payee; M►. Belford, Mr. Between; Lafleur, Mr. Wyatt ; Cabriel, Mr. Fitawilliam. Mita Bel. lord, Miss Poole; Maria ► Miss Copeland. After which (I lilt time these two Seasons) a grand Legendary Melo.drame, in three short Acts, under the title of RICHARD THE FIRST. To eouclude with a Nibtic Reading of Mr. T. Dibdia's fa. yourile Puniomitnie Extravaganzatic Burled'', with alte rations aud addiiiows, called HARLEQUIN HOAX; OR, A PANTOMIME PROPOSED. Ruxes,46.—Pd, Ir. Doors open at Half-past Five, begin at Haltpast Six. nalf.priee at Half-past Eight. . Next Tuesday will be rerived the Melo•draroe called The Abbot of Sa• Marilee. A new grand Serious iltlo•drame will be produced the week after nett. A Comic Barletta Spectacle is in forward preparation. y r ilE ESSENCE of PEARL and PEARL Jll DENTIFRICE, invented by the late Jacob Hemet, Dentist to the Royal Family, have been proved by long ex perience to really excel, both in elegance and efficacy, every other preparation for the Teeth and Gams; they et. fectually preserve the Teeth iii a cored slate e y e , ' to o ld age , moles. them white and beautiful without impairing the enamel, fasten such as are louse, and keep such as are de cayed from becoming won*. They likewise reticle!' the breath delicately sweet, prevent the Tooth-Ache, perfectly curs the Scurvy in the Gams, and make them grow firm cud close to the Teeth.—The Essence is particularly recum trended to Parents and Persons who, have the care of Children as the greatest penetrative of young and leather Teeth. Nose are genuine but what have the words, "J. Hemet, Bayley and Blew, Cocksper-street," engraved in the Stamp. Price Ss. ed. each. BAYLEY's TRUE ESSENTIAL SALT of LEMONS, for taking lab Spots and Stains out of Lace and Linen. The genuine is signed " W. Bayley" os the Box and Wrapper. Also bin SCOURING DROPS, fur taking Grease out of Stlk, Staff, Wasik. Cloth, ice. price Is. each. VERITABLE POMSIADE DIVINE, price 3s. ed. the 011111111. Stol4, Wholesale and Retail, by Bayley sod Blew, Per fumers, Cockspar.strest, London. `te NO TIME TO LOSE, IF YOU WANT FAVOURITE OR PARTICULAR ISCIIBERS. TBISt -I, aide C settle. Int. the I,oltrry. begs e leave must reoper troll', to "invalid his heed Friends, the Public, that the New Lottery runsiste of only b,NOO Tickets, the whole of which are on sale, a. T. SISII does not intend to reserve any. And as the Lottery is not to be drawn in Chigoes, Adventurers may baireany prirticeln or favourite Number', from No. 1 to 5,600, inclusive; bal./row the another al Tartlets leing so limited, anti the Sachets* appear. ieg to he generally approred, their i• nut any time to he lint ; for aith.aatzb sane 31 I any anniher may ha bad, yet v.' a stkortly, swiey Si, an steamed In Tamar, and the acres ,/ n of *applying Irelaad, nail the Ayeate is the Counts*, the Numbers wanted may be iii.powerd of. An early spoleca -1:01., theirtort, to prevent disappotalinent, is strongly re. commended to be made to the Connector's Offices, Nu. 4, eninhil!, or No. 9, Charitopeross ; or to any other (lice Ike I'n,rhessrrr way //du proper lo fi tour with AM Cortemsands. The Weenie contains Two &Nisei. of £lO,OllO, And various ulbrr Capitals, all 111 Sterling Money! Al to be drawn is One Day, 30th of this Mouth, AUGUST. There are €11,2110 extra in Muses! In all whirl every poschirwr will portietpaie, (whether he ourrheme at the Contractor's I.lllsere, or at tames of any other Oftice.koeper. flas Lottery every Tided will be yet isle leo Wiwi, and each nUI Beside Hs OWN fats, ♦ND NO OTHER. Ticket* and Shares ere telling by 11ISH, Sok Contractor, N't 4, Carotid!, and 9, awing -crass. '.• 11* prices of Stock• are paired, tinnily, aga i not I"`Il'4 Oftiec in Corubill, by which the Politic eau ere the ON( luetiew. The preceding statement might have been thought unne cessary, if it had nut evid►ntly appeared that the attempt to !scine the repeal of the deity on wool would be repeated ; therefore we must be prepared to resist these unreasonable attacks, and by no means repose under the idea that the question is at rest. This is nut the case ; nor is this the only poiut orewhich we should be on our gourd. It seems incumbent on me to take advantage of the present occasion to Notice a still mere important and alarming rittaet that bas beau lately made on the loaded unmet, that is, the swa m and occupiers of land, by the petitions, speeches, sail publications of the merehants'and others, respecting the restrictions on foreign commerce. Their applications to Parliament are a string of mere abstract propositions, con tained in plausible, sophistic's!, and artfully constructed ma.tences, calculated to delnde suit mislead those who, through ignorance of such subjects, are incapable of compe tent discrimination. These Petitions, and some secumpa. vying speeches of extraordinary flippancy, denounce our Corn and our Navigation Law., the severed and • 11 prin ciples of which have justly been considered, the one as our great pr live against famine, the other as the guardian uf our naval prosperity. It must out be supposed that these observations are intruded to apply to the British merchants generally, than whom a more respectable body does not exist, iir men of more liberality and good sense, but to the reforming theorists, who would risk the bet interests of the state to gratify their speculations. The object seems to be to charge every tostitutiou, mei hill tttt and system that has been sanctioned by the experience of ages. Freedom (rum restriction might indeed beutfit and increase the profits of the individual merchant, but it will he at the ex pense of the country at large. Whenever the importation from other countries depresses the value, and there fore checks the produce of our own country, it is must injurious to our resources and to the sistion. Foreign commerce is beneficial, when it respects these arlicl, a which cannot be raised at home, anti promotes the ex portation of such produce and manufacture as this country can furnish to advantage. Neither diplomatic negociation, nor treaty, can secure the admittion of our experts into other memories, whet, those countries can obtain t►em cheaper or better elsewhere. Tie presumption of sculling delegates to oppose the de clarations of hostility against the revisal of the Corn Laws, sod the opinions offered to the Legislature, were must ex traordinary. Is it out evident that some me is neces sary is support of the agriculture of the coantry? Is it not known from the accounts laid before Parliament, that in 1817 and 1818, grid., nod flour, to Ibe amount in value of 21,03,5241., were imported into Great Britain; and that io 1800 sud 1801 an equal sum went to the encouragement of foreign agriculture, and consequently to the depression of our ewe ? Thus upwards of 40 millions weldor were thrown into the lodinate of trade against this country, in the course of four years, for an article, every grain of u bich might have been grown In the United Kingdom, if better policy had existed, and due eticourageinesd had been given to the cal tivetiow of our waste lands, whereby the whole of one people would have been profitably occupied, and those who are now considered all the greatest Indite,' to the state, and sent to distant regions, would have beru beueficially employed at borne. le • fernier Report I slated, that if tillage should fail, or our harvest be deficient, so far that we should want sinnetbing snore than two months' consumption, all our wealth, and all the measures which it is possilile So adopt, would out secure to um ■ s•flicieut supply. The public is, perhaps, riot fully aware of the callosity that may arise from • drerease of tillage and increase of populati .... . To explain the above assent it is necessary to observe, that the quaiitity of wheat that came from sb.nail in the year 1796 amounted to *20,391 quarters, and 295,960 cwt. of flour, one-third more than hail ever been imported before, yet there was only a sufficieucy for She rowdiest'. hou of law-f/irds of the people for tAir/,•wise dugs 1 , . And of that quantity 753,356 quarters came from the Plunk of Europe. The impursatiou of wheat and fluor into Great Britain fur the year litult (the flour being reilsired iulu quarters) was 1,976,108 gunnels, w►tch was 369,015 quarter• inure Man had been imported iu 1796, math the largest importation that bad ever taken place, mid Wee only a sufficiency fu► fifty eight days subsistence fur eight mil. liens people; although every practicable mesas hot lwet, reed by bometteosaid oillterwisw to racism the Mint sup ply possible. It has beau artfully sod unfairly proclaimed, that airy if • • Alle*iig siseAbird 1. feed Ns bariejer.l owes ►reed, rotative% Ike. Os the rents of lands depend a thousand engagements and established distribution of labour and comfor►, whieb must give way with the rents thems..ltes. And us far as the prier of grabs is concerned, the difference between what is dressiest a high and moderate rest goes but little way so the expense of tillage. The object of the agriculteral yeti tioes was merely to obtain protection from an overflow of foreign goats'. They did nut propose any thing that would raise the price of corn, but they prayed fur ■u examination whether she law answers the iuteudrst pur pose, .or atwitter the limitation on the admission of grain is sufficiently high or not ; and whether, ust inquiry mad examinants,,, any alteration would be hound nereasary. A more respectable body of petitioners never applied to Parliament on any occasion. The petitlues canoe from every county and district in England; from almost the whole of the agricultural population of the kingdom; yet these Peliiiimers, thus 1141111(11.11111 sad Hies respectable, hare been subjected to a severe degree of inurtificatioa ; they have just cease to be dirg•sted by the tiesinsent of their Petitions, by the frivolous and trifling manner in which they have brew dismissed. The disgraceful mode of over ruh•g • decision of the House by the weight of influence, which, if it did not encourage sureties to the prayer of the Petitions, should at least have been neutral, will nut be fur. gotten We cannot conceive a more injudicious policy than that of thus. disgusting the landowner and occupier, who have at no time deviated from the paths of true loyalty and patriotism. The House decided generally that the Com mittee 666111 d inquire into the allegations; but the next day, the Committee was instructed not to attend to the prayer of the Petitions, nor even permitted to make an twittery into the general question of the averages as applied to the kingdom at large, boot were restricted to an examination of abuses in the mode of taking the ave. rages its the sansiffese dW►ict,' may, • rosined** which could not satisfy the prayer of say ea• of the Petitions. Sods was Ilse fatal opposition our Petitions have experieue eel ; sod that opposition is in • great measur e to be attribut eti to the notion, that the agricultural question is not tom. pletely distinct from the commercial. It is attempted to mix the complaints respecting foreign commerce with the case of the akculei oo ioo s, with which they have **thing to do, unless those who wish to promote a revolution of all our ancient principles and establishment mean to propose an absolutely free trade he carat —Such • . would soulonbiedly soon reduce the growth of that ar ticle in this rummy its a degree frightful to emblem. plate, and greatly below what mere theorists imagine, de priving a large proportion of oar most useful population of employment, rendering its completely drpendsnt on oilier tou•tries for our subsistence, and that dependence liable to all the vicissitudes of seassolos, of war, of caprice, of niterest eol projects and political views of other countries., the result of which ion.vitahly sunlit be a liability to the extreme of fa mine. A secure am) primmert protecting duty in all rases, •g:unst an overwhelming import:ltems of fon riga gram and fo- reign woof, is the encouragement the agriculturists require. Confidence should by all means be restored to them. Their Valise is so good, and the Intel est of the country is so deeply concerned, that they should not be dispirited ; un the con trary, they should be encouraged by the gement feeling of the country and the neceosity of the case, with firmness to reale rale their applications, which, when the object of thew is properly understood, will have their dee effect. At present their prospects are must unpromising. The y are diseuaroged from a due expenditure of capital, not only for the permit. netst improvement of land, but even fur the ordinary course of husbandry, by apprehensions arising from the totmeorse importations of gram and wool. Unless the warehousing of corn is relinquished, it will be impossible to prevent our markets from being 'Julie') with that article from abroad. Nor will the measures adopted respecting the averages, pro duce any very essential and important beurtits. At present foreigners suet tenders are allowed to enroch themselves to the injury of the Britten farmers, and the country in general. Those who have not already wasted their capital i• milieu- Stable cultivation of the soil, are withdrawing, or preparing to withdraw it. 'Floc expense of tillage has su greatly in creased, that if the lend console be turned to pasinro., by which many thousands would he throwu one of employ. meet, they will find it much more prudent its suffer the in ferior soils to lie waste, rather than incur the heavy load of tithes", taxes, pour.rates, snit assesentents, owl 11111 the ri►k of as inadequate price fur their unprotected produce. The Report was received with meth approbation by the seeming, who expressed themselves faHy mestble of the obligations they were louder to Lord Sheffield. fur his (Ins tiller., •ttentum to their Interest, end his exertions in the cause of agriculture, and of the country in general. The brain' of Mr. Webb /tall. proposed by Mr Ellman, jnn. was drunk with mush emigrate fur his zeal and see- vices in the Willie stn ar. As usual, very lints bushiera was done at the fair, but since...sera, pare. Is have sold from 171 d. to 18d. pre pound, and there is ICIII4III to expect that moue will be SOW Sllll lather. The account is coadirosed that several wool•Rrowers in Norfolk knee sold South Wino wool Alice Thetford fair at 1..9d. per pound ; mud some cross breed between the Lei crater and South Dawn have been sold at la. lid. per pound. It is supposed ,bare prices are gives by the Norwich f Commercial amen might have ample employment on the subject of the embarrasalestiate in Auriga trade; and in that it is MOP( ointerey hoped Orel may be autemarel, with um any mcrilice of the lauded inbound to eimmearesol epo. esll4li;4. . . to the Conestoga, American *hip, jolt arrived at' Gyremirk, Irwu Philadelphia, upwards uV darn, petals's have returned home, nhu had ettaighttet to the United States buts siMrt,titae ago. Oft sit ut the Niter dater*. • Me. Rieerdo is certainly much indebted to the Reviewers for the clear, implicit, and courts' (causer I's which they here detail hi• priuctp!es of political economy; but be would have beets still more indebted to them, had they ac• k•owledged these principles to he his, and nut attempted to psis them on the reader foi. their own. Is the recent and existinc preamble fur power tsetse?* the Whigs and the Teri's, the former have gewevally inosopolieeil nearly the whole science which has brio dis played in Parliament, while the latter are sot only deplor ably ignorant, but are eves coneeioes of • total west of information ton many subject*, on which, as Ministers, it is sircessary for their leaders to decide. On no our subject has this modest asosteioussieis of ignorance beets more cosispien• wilily displayed. than on that of Political Ecossissap, on whirl, these er Miristcr► have, with the most perfect array. seen themselves impelled from side to side, like a polities! aberitisoesek, ►y that mote losnred oppearotal sled it may be skurbied, whether they have bees wired to the adoption of the most mignon measures with • view to create, or rather to augment, their own isupopularily, or whether their prompters have really themselves been de ceived. The Reviewers must accurately state, that "In all the ',times, eneept those which relate to number sad quan tity, • principle is nothing more than a general rule, ascer tained by the process of induction, from as exaniisstion of particular cases. To lay down • principle, therefore, is merely to assert that some one all, sbute ur circumstance is common to a whole class of phenomena ; and if upon aristal observation, or experiment, this attribute is found •ot to be common to the class, the assumed principle must necessarily be ei 44444 eous " By this just aid well-defined rule we shall proceed to examine some of the principles laid down by the Reviewers. "In old and advanced countries (say they), the great obstacle to the farther isereaseof wealth and population is the reduced effective power of agricul. !oral industry, loos:hi on by the oecessity or resorting to in. ferior soils fur additional supplies of raw produce." We scald sill the Reviewers, to what countries they alluded by the terms " old and ad d?" France is older in civilization than England; lent the latter has made the most rapid advisee in wealth, and is undoubtedly the country, the present situa tion of which the Reviewers intend to elucidate. That the is recur of population causes recourse to be hail to isiferior soil., and that the cultivation of oar.ior soils leads directly lo re dnee the profile of stock, we most readily admit; but that the present general distress its the British islands arises prissei pally from this cause, we most pointedly dewy. Denim the greater part of the wars of the French Revolution, these islands were reduced to dep►nd for subsistence on their own production, in • much greater degree than they boil been for the period previous to the war, or fur that since the peace took pincer During the war the population increased with a rapidity unprecedented in these islands, a sure proof that wealth «as not then on the decline ; n•d iu no equal period of our history was such a rapid advance made in the culti vation of our soil, both by the increased application of ca pital on the more fertile lands, and by recurrence to soils very inferior to what have been cultivated since the peace. For it seems to have escaped Ilse Reviewer"? consideration that the first breaking up of inferior soda g Ily resisters them very far superior to what they were before, and that continued cultivation often changes them into land of good quality. If therefore during • period of twenty Vetere of our most extraordinary recurrence from bad to worse soils for our subsistence, this gesseal distress was not felt, bat commenced at a period who supplies of food horn fnreigst countries, made it both nosteessary mad unprofitable to knee further remorse to iaferior soils, and continued gradually increasing through five years, dur ing shich some of the worst lands were annually thrown out of cultivation, we must look to some other cause or causes for the present prevalent distress, " than the neces sity of resorting to inferior soils for addir 1 supplies of raw produce."—" From the year 1813 to this of 1820, our climate has ant changed ; our sun is as warm ; our admi rable machinery fur the alsridgment and perfectiag of la bour has in no way deteriorated; our working classes have as yet Io•t nothing of their wonted industry, comfy, and skill," and we certaiely do not sow cultivate such inferior souls as we did commons was at the height; yet in these *even years the country has sank from prosperity to a state of unprece dented misery, sod we conceive that a very adequate and coincident cause may be pointed out as producing this ef fect, and one which would not have escaped the sagacity of Ilse Reviewers, hail it not beer called into adios at the ur gent instance of that political party which the Reviewers have embraced. All political economists have admitted that taxes laid on I:annul-vs moat ultimately fall on the capital which employs these labourers, because the wages of labour consist is she necessaries which the labourer receives in recompense fur Iris toil, rather this in the money with which he frequeutly boys these Necessaries ; whatever therefore teuda to enhance the price of those commodities which the labourer con sumes, tends at she same lime to diminish the profit on the stock which employs the labourer. It is also nearly self. evident, that the higher the rate of taxation affecting income is carried, the lowe► the rate of profit mast become. All toms, therefore, which are paid, either by the labourer, ur by thr agriculturist, manufacturer, ur me►chant, become ultimately diminutions to the profit of stock; and there fore, as taxes affecting the lower and middle classes alveoli oriented, so in proportion the profits on stock must fall, and the eneoeragement to vest it in the employment of labour, must consequently diatioish. This is exactly what has taken place through the urgent instance of the political party with which the Reviewers act. Its 1813, the circulation was altogether paper, which, from the time of the restriction 011 the Bank of Eagland, hail gradually become depreciated till two pounds money of Ilse Mint, would exchange fur about three pounds of the tie claiming paper; but as the public burdens (lazes, tithes, and pour rates), mounting to about ninety millions, were then payable in this depreciated paper, so is fact our public bur dens for that year did in reality amoral only so about sixty millions of Mint money. la the propels ' however, of our return to a metallic currency of the old Mint standard, a regard to its own interest, obliged the Bask of England to narrow its discomfits, till its piper should be brought to an equal value with the metal, which might be demanded i• exchange for it; and thus iu 1820 the public burdens (taxes, tithes, and poor•rates), amountiug to about thirty millions is reality, as well as nominally, are in fact about nue-third score consideralide thaw they were in 1813. The proportion also of the taxes which fall on the lower and middle classes is at pettiest much greater than it was in 1813, so that we may probably mot be far distant from the troth, inestimatiog the proportion of the income derived from capital employed in industry, which is at present absorbed by the payment of public burdens, at about double what it was is 1813. This we conceive in be • much more probable *Wallies' of the cause of the present distress, !bail the , reconcile to the culti vation of inferior soils, which have sot in fact been had re- CIotSCH to, during the last Ave years of this progressive distress. Although we perfectly join the Reviewers is thinking that nothing mkt be More fallacious then Mr. °sees idea, that die waist of employinest originalsx in our abesidost me. ebeaary; being convinced, that until the desire of enjoyment i obeli become halted in the harm sled, weal of employ. mem can natty be eaceteaseed either by went of capital. IN rf esSeient iseleemeat to nark" capital in industry by the sae greet reduction of tbe petrel peals of stock : yet we eve by no wafts es eatadeat that lead, sioesber good we Legi t cement be caltivaled ea the plea et Mr. Owea's nib • lags, with advantage both to MO iidlvoloals add to the :potent at large. We ha.. Veal dm** *better W 4141 1 ,01 car be PO trained as to exert therseelbee in imllllslrY fit lb. 'brisefit of a common stuck; hot if such exertion elan be generally inelneed, we should then enteitei• little JasM of thr puree.. of Mr. Owet.'s plies; having witnessed tie eery 'commies! ni is which a no wears. **tie 17 ran le ft; clothed, and Weed, in comparison of what the ntainitc.:l•••e of the same number of people eroehl cost twists detarlosl • separate fasiihrs. The Reviewers very tileriesp'•er,`} mirk, that " Nle. Owen jailer I 'modes he can one all those difficulties by the ad..ption of spade eultiimion ; but we tell him, waitrons fear of row rasletiori, that spade eelti vaill)ll, all far from being capable of etre miracles he steppers, is less profitelde than rnhitaiiou by the Wolter. Why, in the improved husbandry of this enontry, has it spade been in so great a degree sopplamed hy the phenyl. Only bersure experience has conameed the farmer that lean plough is the cheapest instrument of prodricirn, n 8.4 by mnployiiic it he obtains a greater eel misdate." lie Cos question and answer, the•ltentiewers seen. to 'Melt 164 tb, subj. el is .11.1 at rest. We, !warmer, have here the tuft* to differ very widely floor them. In a thinly roh.stoird country, such a• America, there ilo• wage. of human tabour •re high, and where the prier and ealteisterree of elution p.e you may perhaps sometimes proem., the lationr of hall n-dorin lowers, fur as little money 114 rots would he id.1.y. : 4 to pay for that of out man ; wick In the 0n....1 popots provinces of China the Ishotir of men con b. pr..ro,.•f, not only at the prier of that of one horse, but es. n it !1- . • price of that of our strong workeng holm. lc. The riaini•l and NIT rrrrr e conseepritres fanner , io these too .I.ffirr,t stairs socioy. In America man is reset,- employed sly work, winch can he performs& by horses, and w 16! wood populous parts of China she plough is fit %el - 110...1. That the experience of the firitish farmers has prov.il to there Shut the plough was superior to the 1/11110 ! 1 11411111 1 1%. in one stage of populat 44444 we have not the einellrst rloistri ; and we Can have just as Wile doubt, that If Ilse popularvo of this country. should continue in i , • le 1104 141 . 1 maitre when their experomee will squally prove to them That the epode re superior to the plough fill all soils. Ns vertheless, this lesson will ilia Ile illngl.l 1111.111 y soon on all deveripl of land: brokers, rawly, deep how; soils, will be adtranineeetisly collimated write the •pade loot before the plumb rag be ,protilahly givsn up on more lev. 1. &Inn°. andel. y lands. Wliethrr we have ysi err lard at ill:II rim., Of population when the pp Or ran with propriety he a..opit 4 on any soil for general cultivation, we wet out prr,iume fr„. sitively in any ; at the same time we canuot but Mink, th it if other employment rearmost he proctored fur a large propo.- lion of the people, it would he better so locale moor of Otto% in Mr. Otreres proposed villages, slime they would as t earn part, if not the whole, of their subsistsnee, than to let theist either remain in absolet• idleness, or to em nine then., according to toed Castlereagh'. digging holes and filling them up again —by neither of which roods• they would contribute, iu any degree, so their own support. The Itsviewers observe, " we would mayn't to his (Me. Owen's) auher-minded consideration, whether the dividiair the country into districts or farms of • thousand seers earl., could improve the quality of those inferior role, Jo who we are obliged to resort for the supply of food." Ts. whom we most unequivocally reply, that a few years of smirk la bour would must Certainly convert many of our eery good and productive soils, while it could scarcity he applied to Roy of them, without greatly impr..viiie their yea. lily. Hut Ikt spirit in which the Reviewers have written, may be gathered from Ore following paragraph: it We wouli entreat him to explain in what way the erection of villagss, in the form of parallelogram", could repeal those reset. meals against foreign trade, which use • disgrace to Opiate we live is." It halo seldom tallest to our lot to remark on a more flippant or a more misplaced starer than this; is there any thing ridiculous in ills form chosen by Mr. Owen for his projected villages? or has he had any part in enacting the statutes complained of !—Stalutee, God knows! many of them highly absurd, and seriously injurious to the country, bat must of them adopted at the special instance and ea treaty of our mere boots and manufacturer.. 1 " For ourselves, we du not despair of our coontry." lay the Reviewers; "and we have no objection to 11111 C 1011, in our opinion, world restore the kingdom to its overt fkm rishimt couditios. Give freedom to commerce, and tighten the pressure of taxation, and we shall have MP comp( R iu our streets. As commerce is always an eschewer of et... Talents, • nation that will nest bay cannot sell, sad f?1 , 111 , •- lions upon import are prohibitory dents upon export ; ten the contrary, the more we admit the productions of (mews countries, the more extensive become their demand for o u r commodities. Let the absurd eyed'm of our Corn I.a•s he cautiously and gradually abolished, and allow the rhesp agricultural produce of the North of Europe, and of the Coutiorats of America and Afeica to be freely introduced, and we shall obiaiu so unlimited vent fur our inanufseieres ; the profits of stock will be restored to their level to other cowries, and the consequent accumulatiou of capital will ease, the increasing dentaud for labour to bear s newer proportion to the increasing supply of labourers " W. a. little despair of our country as the Reviewers possibly eve do. We coercive there is requisite only a little commie . sense, aud a little common honesty, in lnciiieg the sitsie• of this mighty kiugdoen, in order to rarry it to a degree Li port r mod of prosperity which it has ne see yet approached. But, although we consider • FIRS ECTLY Filen TRADE: accompanied by its necessary •tseieelneis, a totAl eleslitioir of the Exton mid Customs, with their oilmen's'. officers, us • neceacaly step toweleds its ultimate pro , pertly, yet we (Yo nder it as use which ought to follow, but by no mesas 1 , 3 precede, a total change its oar system of mention. The commercial petitions, whist's() Nearly advocate the principle,' of the Edie.burgh Heiieners as to make it not improbsblw that they originated with 'bens, hold out as the grand lianas Cell against all our evils—A /RR; TRADC IX CORN; bet they would nut disturb the existing duties, because they would not cripple the revenue. Yet we,on the contrary, ctn.! crier, that corn is the very last article to which this free nadir ought to be extended; because the wages of labour, sad the profits of industry, are so heavily taxed io this country, that, if our flamers had their lands free of reed, still they could by no means Centrally compete with the foreign corn, even iw our writ minket; those only who occupied the superior quali ties of land,cou Id in such case continue their cultivation ; noel the inferior qual i t its, &meowing to petioles half our territory, must be redeemed to grass. But what most be the unworn. ahle consequence of our coming to depend for a large pro portion of our subsistence on foreigners? That the first year of g I scarcity in those countries, f,om which we commonly draw our most considerable supplies, steroid shot their exportation against us. and we must be sobjeried Is. famine instead of scarcity. This is not a casualty ants Igo ly to happen ; seldom have seen'', years passed away w shout producing more than one ',sena of general t•y over Europe, which has out itufrequeoily extended to North Ame rica. Whence then are we to draw our supplies? Ftont Africa, is its present stale, is too abased a proptnitiou 1..• merit a single 'owl venue. But this is sot the only risk ' we should run in adopting such au insprontkol System : we have had recent experience that evert " a Heaves-hurt Moister" could nut keep a small proportion of the ports of Europa open to our commerce, not that hie suctworties were equally uosoccenfid with regard to those of America. Hof our Government attained tom ninth wisdom. as IWO , Opus . to be exposed Its fully ? ire has Hee Holy Alliance settered as agate., a possibility of recurrence to tbe sword? The atweeat of ear standing army resold sot abdicate *Kb it be. We have hitherto bet toe much cultiested foreius tom unereevwhich, though sometimes a rapid, has hoes always as usetable road to wealth; which has beta the *tilde of moot of aid went, sod the priseirel cause uf tier peewee overwheltaieyi debt. Altheihrb palliwileee may be humid.. Owed to our sorsaral distress, yet we limb believe am" t serious permanent improvement its tier coed Woo, will . . 1 lede-d, said we procures Legislature whose littlish". Rigid 4/ 1 Uff -