The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1819-01-06 00:00:00

the frostier. for fear of desertions: focr deserters have already come iii." (From the Churkston Courier of the 48th.) NASSA 4 .I. OCT. 26. By late arrivals from the ►'oast of Florida, in fArtnation has been received here, that a brig named she Eliza, of Kass, had been found on the shore there. in, 'person bring on board, and having serer rii •pprarattee!a of blood oat the deck. Not far ..nut the brig were serf► several persons ill 11 ?Mid, 'Mho, on the apprtt•clt of • boa from our of the w;r.•kers, snide off in a boat which they had w►tl► k it ting their 'bedding, &c. lit the lent. There to mason to suspect this'sesse: io the 1 !ha. or Hali fax, Murphy, master, which sailed from► Kingston, .ca, 011 the 111th ta:t. hum fl..ht'dx, sad that the sew had destroyed the master oilier, and malt off with w►me money supposed to, hair hero m► board : the br;g had no cargo when found. The crew of the wreckers being kw its nember, and haynig tur arms, did Hot !Humor the hoot; 'but on going to the - tent, found the fellows had kit behind some bed ding and clothes, as above stated. V l i i HASIBURGH PAPERS. COPENHAGEN, DECEMBER (2 2 . The tranhitoit "that itas arrived here with the crews of the Russian Shops Of wow 'rot to Spain will winter here. The atop of the line Loaisa "glum is moored in the WAS. to 'write the crew during the ..hour as a room, barrack. The crew of the traiwiitirt 'bawled off Skagen 'vrt.bhbly be alto) troll:lit here. _ A singular :atonic made mom ra Jeva iu leis count ing-hisuse excites univer,al attent►on here. A watchmaker, who went to him In the evening to puirhs-e a tall (or obligation) of I . attacked bin] with it knife while lie was writing, with the in tention to cut his throat awl ride him, and in fact wounded hini in the neck ; the. Jew, however, re coveted I ell, struck the knife out of his hand, and called for help. Thy other endeavoured to s tun away. but was stopped by the persons who came in, and conveyed to prison. BERLIN, bEcrsIBER 2G. The day before yesterday her Majesty the Em press Dowager of Russia made her entry into this city with great pomp, in a state rotu•b drawn by right Mines, followed hy several others drawn by six horses. In the tirrt drtwo by tight horses richly caparisoned, was the Empress, w,th the hereditary Grand Duchess of Weimar at her side, and 01/pOSIte her the Fritters:. Vt'illiaat and the Counter!. Lieweo. On the ('hanger of Cliarlottetiburg. Prince Blucher, the Generals, &c. at the head of the gsrriston, were on horseback wady to rectise the Empress, while. Its %Hest'', with the hereditary Grand Duke of S ormontime on horseback, surrounded by the Princes of the Royal Family, opened the prourt.t‘imi; wlitii the Empress hail passed the artil lei.) it a salute of 101 gum. All the bells Net. and the Eutpress afterwards viewed from a V%1114.4UW ill the. Palace the troops as thty marched by, lilt ny Prince Blucher. At six o'clo.:ii there was a dimmer el 120 eneriti, to which all tr.- persons iii the t ity bearing the title Exectleitev. tooth Lathes and Gentliatten, were lli• YU, it I 1 is Majesty tile Kiug, !mpg boos hi' seat, ordered alms all the c 0.,• laity, drank the healtlss ni the Empress Dogrog.r mid of !iic Emperor Alex ander, as un his birth-day, a salute of 50 guns being tired at lie wine time, and some r,rses, imitable to the occasion, rung by the perfoiniers of the Royal band. Aiming the pencns of divtioet.rni who loner ar rived here are the Grand Duke of Mecklenloirg- Streit's soil the Doke of Cursolterlatoti ; also Baron Blouse, Lieutenatit-General In the Danish service, soil Munster Plenipotentiary to the Court of Russia. Thee Universal Prussian Gazette, which from the begi 1111 l tog of next year is to appear twice a week, namely, l'oesday awl Saturday. will contain an official and a oun-offi.ial part. This Gazette will not be subjected to the censiire, but will be, however. published under the superoo velodrome of persoos iu authority. A liew Ordinance hay herrn published in the EloCturAte of HOWe respecting the Uoliver:ities, ac cording to which only the sums of Counsellors, and others who are of equal rank its the Stole, 'hull iu futoore he allowed to frequent them. Battles these, the Clergy alone hate the right to solid the eldest uo their 11.111% to the Academy ; but all the }lounger rims err prohibited Irma reeroviog is learned e.luca tow. A Convention for an exchange of territory has been concluded betwren Buva.ia and Coburg, ac voiing to which the Principality of St. Wendel. beyond the Minor, belonging to Cohuig, is ceded to Bavaria, Its an exchange for all indemnity conti guous to Coburg. Slnillar COUVCIIIIOIO are nego tiating with Oldenburg and Hesse H burg, the concha...oh of which will be very ailvaniageinis to the country on the Rhine.—( Homburg/A Papas, tketem4er Exch;nie on London—:l2. 6.-32. 10. PARIS PAPERS. PARIS, JANUARY 2. ORDINANCE OF THE KING. Lot" by the Greer of God, &e. On the Rep►t of ear Mini-ter Secretary of State for the bliertor, The Stew Mirbel (Charko-Francis), Master of Regorges, Member of the }motile', Chevalier of the Orders of the Le gion of Himont and of Saint Michael, is noosed Stccetury. Gsi.eral to the Mihistry of the Interior. (biped) LOUIS. The Coma de CAZES. Yesterday morning, at ten o'clock, the King re ceived the coogratulistions of blousieur, the PIIIICCIA red Princesses of the Royal Fruitly, the Ministers, the itliarshale, Peers, rod Deputies of rfilliCe, he. us. the occasion of the new year. The Marshal Duke of fiction°, at noon, in pre sence of the bullshit's and squad s of lertice, ,sinned the commend of the Rayed (;nord, which was resigned e. him by the Marshal Duke of Ka goose. When his trlghisells the Duke of Gloucester passed through Verdun, ON the :13s1 of Deceniber, the civil and military authorities waited on him. The Prince conversed fur a long time with the Sub. Prefect acid the Mayor of Verdun. He spoke much of the mi.fortunes suffered by the town in 1792, land of the English hostages who we►e detained there. It is thonght that the opportunity might have been seized to solicit the benevolence of the Prince, in favour of the numerous creditors whom there strangers had not satistied.—(Gazelle de tiumee.) Prussia has colicluded military Conventions with the Ducal flutist. of Size. of Ault:sit, and of Schariztruara.—The new tarif of the Prussian customs has been in full vigour since the flirt of January in the old provinces as well vs in the new ; the reduction of the duties on merchandise is so considernhle,_that it is thought it will give • great blow to the sinugglers. The state of the Duke of Richelieu's health becomes every day wore satisfactory. PARIS, JANUARY 2. The following Review of the poltticsl aspect of Europe, during the year 1818, is extracted from the Jounod des Debais, and bears the signature of M. M ilte.Bruii " During three consecutive years peace has reigned over Europe, but with regard to France it was still an armed peace; foreign banners floated on our frontiers, as one might see sparks still glis ten round an extinguished fire. This measure of precaution, sit length deemed superfluous, has ceased to afflict us. The Monarchs united in the Council of the European family have received the wishes of the King of France, presented by the interpreter most calculated to insure their triumph; the chivalrous frankness and noble simplicity of the French Ambits.ailor, by tracing the surest road to the hearts of the Sovereigns, would have overcome all the resources of diplomacy, had any disputes eritam ; and even in the absence of all controversy on the general principle of the measure, these personal qualities of the illustrious negociator at Aix-la-Chapelle, by facilitating the progress of the discussions, have hastened the moment of the emancipation of France. " That moment has not been less tranquillizing for the rest of Europe than for France. It marked the commencement of sp epoch wherein Justice, equity, love of peace, preside in all public Court. cils ; wherein the Powers publicly disavow that policy of interest and convenience which rendered so frail the bonds of treaties the most solemn, and which, by rendering disorders more frequent, anni hilated national sentiment. To respect the inde pendence of nations, is to confirm the thrones of Kings, for thrones exist only for nations, and the legitimacy of Sovereigns flows from that of the rople, the possessors from genenitiou to generation of their patrimonial soil. " The complete triumph of these principles would constitute of Christian Europe a federation of Governments, united internally by inviolable Cou►titutimn, and externall♦ by the mutual duty of ■ubtaitting their differences to a tribunal of or bitterns; and to a cede of public law. The Holy Alliance had clearly indicated this object, to which the European Societies incessantly tend; but a grand project, to he feasible, requires to become fa- Hillier to evety mind, and to give rise to other thoughts, which are its necessary conditions. The Congress has taken sufficieut care of the wants of the moment, by establishing the principle of the mediation of the five great Powers for all those which will have the wisdom to submit to it. The premature attempt or an alliance still closer would have beeii injurious to the fairest hopes of humanity. " Already the acknowledgment of these princi ples has permitted a small State to offer resistance to greater Powers, winch required the fulfilment of burdensome Treaties, consented to through neces sity or through leer. The Grand Duchy of Baden had engaged itself to Austria in 1814 to make some indeterminate sacrifices. Austria had promised to the kingdom of Bavaria a just indemnity for some important cessions, and assigned to Bavaria the cessions due by the Grand Duchy of Baden. The rigorous right could not be doubtful, according to the text of actual Treaties, but a regard to the poli tical existence of s very weak State, induced Con. great to propose terms that tended to reconcile all parties. " A question much more important remains en veloped in darkness. Has Spain obtained any as sistance against that portion of her Colonies which re mains in a state of insurrection ? No doubt the Go. vernmeots have the right, as it is their duty, to afford mutual assistance against rebels. But there is a scale of duties; those due to their own subjects are paramount to every thing, and no Government will proceed to sacrifice its strength and treasure without a suitable indemnity. Perhaps, also, policy hus distinguished in Spanish America two spirits essen tially different, and which cannot be combated by the same arms. The buccaneers and the brigands, who infest certain districts, may racily be overpowered by Spain, however little the effort she may make. The Independents, who at first did nut rise against their lawful King, but in his name against usurpers, appear more easy to conquer by persuasion than force. A constitu tional charter would confer peace, happiness, and prosperity to all America ; while the eternal expe dition of Cadiz, even if it sails, even if takes Vilma, Ayres, will not re-establish true tranquil lity, nor extinguish the ides, of independence dd. fused even through the vest provinces where the loyal majority preserves the Royal standard. Force can master the present; social institutious alone can master the futon.. " It is, nevertheless, a matter of great interest to Europe, to see the troubles of Spiritist' America cease, in order that the produce of the inexhausti ble mines of Mexico and of Peru may be again regularly turned into the channels of commerce. The 'cessiitiou of labour in several mines of Mexico and Of Peru, has perhaps already caused a dim - trim of a thousand millions in the specie, which, were it not for this circumstance, would be in circulation in Europa•. If we add, that we must value at a thou sand millions at least the excess of specie inquired by the prodigious increase of the commerce of the East Indies, and exported from Europe, it will be perceiv ed that neither the activity of commerce, nor the address of merchants, can balance the consequences of such • derangement of equilibrium. " The principles of public right to which Europe is conducted back by a happy tendency in events, appeared to be compromised by the conduct which the United States and Portugal pursued in occupy ing, the one Pensacola, the other Monte Video, under pretexts of precaution, difficult to appreciate at so great a distance. But these two points beiog reserved for negociation, will exercise the address of diplomatists, and not the valour of warriors. " Thus Europe, with her Colonies, offers no cause to apprehend the renewal of those great wars which have agitated, and almost exhausted her; further, the germs of discord which might spring up will be stifled by the common interest of five great mili tary Powers, who, between them, have more than a million of soldiers at their disposal : these Powers united cannot encounter any obstacles, and they can with difficulty be disunited, provided they can always find a majority against that one which would be inclined to break the peace; by consequence, ambition would have little success to hope for, scarcely one perspective of aggraudisement. War, then, has lost its charms; for in order that it should again become an habitual state, it must happen that one of the great Powers shall colossally augment its strength and internal resources, or that another shall fall into decline and rapid ruin ; or. lastly, that one among them, by uniting under her colours • great number of secondary States, should at the same time destroy the alliance and the equilibrium. None of these conditions will easily be fulfilled, and be sides, every thing tending to such an end will be immediately perceived, denounced to general opi nion, and counterbalanced by measures dictated by the common interest. The political world has been so profoundly shaken, that there no longer exists any secret in the mutual relations of States; that which had been concealed in the cabinets of diplo macy has circulated over public places. Let us hope that this great change will henceforth resider impossible that dream of an ignorant and uothiuk ing diplomacy, which in the eighteenth century permitted invasions and divisions so fatal to the ba lance of Europe. " A singular circumstance, and how consoling to humanity ! none of these Powers phews itself dis posed to augment its military force; it is precisely by the opposite measure, it is by reducing its power by land and .iea, that one of them threatens to advance its relative strength too much. Eng land, in dimiuishiug her military state by one half within two years, has improved. by the economy thence resulting. her financial resources. The King of the Low Countries has followed this ex ample. Doubtless the Continental Powers also aspire to lessen a burden which exhausts their real power; but the contiguity of their territories im poses on their prudence the obligation of not adopting such a ►tep, but by common consent, and conformably to proportionable bases. 1. Such is the progress of the constitutional,which must, by little and little, repress the excess of the military spirit. Europe has received new guaran tees of the respect of the Sovereigns for true liberty. The Emperor Alexander has marked the corn mencemeirt of the operation of the Constitution which he has given to Poland, by a solemn dies course; he there announces his intention to esta blish representative Constitutions in the other parts of his vast empire : but he was at pains to recal the liberal ideas of the age to that purity, to that wisdom, which the passions have generally stripped them of. These words of the great Mo teach of the North directly associate themselves with that memorable phrase by which the King of France put his people on their guard against b per nicious principles whi c h lead through anarchy to despotism.' The spirit of faction alone can be in sensible to the sincere love which these Monarchs have vowed to the true principles of political li berty. if Prussia bus declared, in the mouth of February last, that ►he had need of • delay of • year to complete the Constitution promised to her proviuces this wise tardiness can only surprise these inferior minds for whom abstractions mud uni versality are every thing. while they disdain to con sider localities, manners, differnet interests, and all those circumstances that must modify the general laws of a monarchy composed of parts so hetero geneous as the Prussoasi States. "The Clairter of Bonne is one of the moot im portant events of the year 1818. This Charter has immersed and rokihined all the interests which exi.t in the bosom of this kingdom ; the hereditary Nobility having preserved at Lice all its property arid all its pnliticAl rights, and, Moreover, its point of support in public opinion, it would have been absurd to seek any where hot in that Nobility the aristocratical elements necessary to moderate 'no. narchies. The King of Bavaria has given to the third estate every thing which that estate asked of ll.ippy the country where democracy is wise enough not to desire to absorb every thing ! With out dooln, in sillier commies, where a very ad- Sauced civil's:lrani and a universal revolution has colifouieleil all classes, it is wise, it is iierc.siiry to admit 101 other political aristocracy than the here ditary inagistriCy of the country ; but there would be still more ignorance than presumption in Con demning the constitutional system of the King of Bavaria, because the system is ant a servile appli cation of a theory. " The Bavarian Constitution presented to the nation the incalculable eilvamtege of including a complete body of organic fundamental laws ; every thing respecting elections, religion,' worship, pit vilettes, national defence, is there provided for and regulated. l'hus are avoided those dati 4 erons dts cussious where the spirit of party seizes 1.81 general questions, the most arduous sod the most deli cote. Accordingly, the electioor which have taken place in Bavaria announce that the spirit of the most happy union will preside over the deliberations of the tuitional representation of this inteseating kingdom. " The paternal administration of some absolute Sovereigns consoles their subjects for the ab sence of political liberty. Our readers have found iu the daily news of this Paper, numerous proofs of this tender benevolence, with which the Sove reigns of Russia, of Austria, and of Prussia, w a t c h over the interests of the inferior classes, the equal distribution of justice, the propagatiota of useful knowledge. It is a liberal dictatorship which pre sides over the political education of nations, yet a stranger to our lights and our vices. " 6 Clemency, that noble attribute of supreme power, reigns almost universally in the councils of Kings. The rectal of the exiles at Naples, that of many of the French exiles, the grace extended to the Roman Carbonari, concur to confound those who always accuse sovereign power of a tendency to severity. Kings know very well that the illusions of our age have been too powerful, the circum stances too imperious, the defections too universal, that indulgence should not be the first want of Suites. Europe ought to regret us a moral cala mity, to see saute of the defenders of Saragossa and of Cadiz in opposition to the legitimate Govern ment of their country ; but as we are little ac quainted with the events which led on this misfor tune, and which prolong it, let us beware of form ing a rash judgment. " in the administrative official reports of states, the superintendence of education and public in struction hold a prominent rank. Thi• year has seen the eta prorisoire of the University of France prolonged, and the contest betweeti the two me thods of instruction, on which every thing is said. A moment of disorder in a German University has caused a renewal of the cries which have been fres quently raised against the inteiior organization of these great establishments. There is a great deal of exaggeration in the fears that the license of the German academical youth inspires ; this inconve nience is more than compensated by the fine moral ideas, and the pt.:found religious sentiments which reign in Germany. It would without doubt be de sirable that one could lop away certain useless branches of this majestic tree ; but ill befal the imprudent hand which, in carrying thither the sacrilegious knife, would wound it to the heart " Religious peace has been happily maintained through all Europe; but the Concordats, which ought to guarantee the duration of it, have encoun tered obstacles, either in their execution or in their definitive digesting. Frasier, ‘Virtemberg, Ha nover, and Switzerland, find tliemsei vet in both these situations ; but the necessity of religious principle fur the maintenance of political society, is so univer sally acknowledged, the declamations of impiety are so generally despised. even by weak minds, all hearts are so sensibly affected by the visible in terference of a remunerating Providence. that the agreement between vtatesmen and religious prisons would not be difficult to conclude and consolidate, while certain unpleasant recollections and minute disputes will have disappeared before the power of time. " Such has been the general aspect of Europe end of the European n :es during the year that, has just closed. But the relations howerti she European stations and the other pe o pl e a h o i nh a bit the globe, have also prevented tome reinaikable timbre. .4 The Mossolaiun people, mailers of the finest parts of Asia and Africa, preserve still their rutier in the classic soil of Greece. But whilst En r from the ramparts of Malta and Corfu, enininunds the Mediterranean, the Russian eagle extends its wings over the ancient Colchis, where no golden fleece is longer to be found, but which the Otto man Porte still regards as ass important military pcwition. It appears that the difference thence arising will be the subject or en amicable discus lion. A recent event, the capture of the Chief of the N'echahites, appeared at first a great advantage fur the Ottontau Empire. It is Europe, perhaps, that ought must to congratulate itself. A new sect, travail/ImM, mihla hare restored to the Mussulmens that moral energy in which t! - ,ey are Goat 11etivie and the want or which trient• to oiler to the 1 fortunate victor the lovely province+ that liar the Eastern Mediterranean. All that real m' , the warlike ardour of the ;inch-art : 1 '64 , 111.'14 0 the unusable piracy of the liarltitty. Power.. S Philanthropic Knights have Insisted upon the ceartity of destroying that disorder, whir t r . in tug to them, is tine disgrace of Europe. Tiler li filled the journals with platot of theNe Northing is snore chimerical than the hope id it ing Europe for such 14 cause, for the Patrer• hare a maritie compel the Barbarians in ft..l their dais, and those who, snot Insvi.ig a no n ir., exposed to the itibults of the A right to expect that other peans should grin touNly undertake to protect !brill. " Build ships of war, and defend yolirs.:,, The ltahau Powers possess oil the means for followin this advice; and Europe would the advantsge of seeing the fleet of Venice, G e ,, and Plea, levive. " Enterprising and intelligent travel'«r. ar, this moment endeavouring to penetrate once m into the regions of Africa, the giiives of their decessurr. France, mistress of the Senegal, ,1,0 ardently desire to establish commercial rel.ti with the interior of Africa. " ludia being now altogether subject t o British arms, the other European nations be.~in turn a more attentive eye to the volt regio n: ludo-Chins, Chian, and Japan, where NV4 I'l and ambition m.glit open for themselves a brill' ctoreer, "It would he desirable that all the w h o claim so ridiculously against the British Ito would rather imitate those patriotic efforts to wl that Power owes her daily acquisitions—acquisit laic:tie and honourable, of which humanity cause to felicitate itself. In the course of the last years the English missions have caused morality of the Gospel to triumph in those I of the guest ocean, where nature the most SUM was unable to soften the ferocity of man. f heite is no longer the new Cythera ; it is a CIS tian colony, that reminds us of the early ug , , , the church. Other missionaries have African tribes; others are desirous of penetrai to those tribes recently discovered to the :lord Baffin's Bay. " Thus is it noble to conquer the worll ! It longs to Europe to reign over the globe as we., benefits as by arms. The weakest nation may I sue the track of the Pileiliciaos. To fuunil power, it would hive sufficed to direct to point the thousands of Scotch, Germans, Swiss, who in the last year, as in that precediiii emigrated to the United States." MADRID, DECEMBER I The details contained in the official reports 01 military operations in Mexico, which are di June, might have caused saute uneasiness, [ruin character that the insurrection had taken; but If that epoch. tranquillity has been entircly to-c blislied in the Viceroyalty. In one of the re ' matte by Colond Linares, commanding the titmice of Gunn:laird°, we remark that Petit r res had collected about 1,400 men, and tint this force he had attacked Colonel Ilustaina who nevertheless had succeeded in putting the bets to the route, causing thent a loss of more i 200 men. The same dispatches inform ut, tin the province of 'reinascaltessec the inhabitants coming iii in crowds to the Spanish authorities, asking to enjoy the benefits of an amnesty. A letter from the Commander of the coast of South Sea, dated Msy 31, confirms the not the capture of Zacatula, situated bid that cous military point extremely important, and whicl, rebels had destined fur the custody of the prig that they had made from theitoyal strmies. A new notice from the Comiiiii4ioner of Public Debt. invites the bearers of the H vales to present them to obtain the consolidatit the third of their amount, confortnubly to the aces pronounced on this subject. MADRID, DI'C. We lear►► by the English Journals. successively translated by those of other natioio, Spain is the theatre of great agitation ; whi!e, ru capitol, as in the provinces, there prevails a r that nothing is capable of disturbing. The s nation of tuitimerce, the fall of the Royal V the oblivion of the debt in arrear, do not exciti least inquietude. IVe know not what can be the jest of these alarming accounts, for which our perturbable tranquillity, as well as the sewn our Ministry, do not give even the shadow pretext. It betrays an absence of all ;slierledge of state of the public mind and aftirirs to suppose there exists in Spain the most trivial ii clncatic insurrection for a political purpose. Some foci characters, such as Mina, Posher, Lucy, Ilidiartl, have been so entitled by their vii:ws dare to attempt an attack upon the Governm they have been denounced by thwe of whose port they thought thernor!vts socure. 11, Cl other baud, an administrator of finance was sirous of reforms and innovation., his fall was a warning to his succesoors ; and the exile of Min/stern s misled by M. de Garay, has cited no regret. Let os cease then to tip in any other light than that in which we di It only remains to be observed, that it hut Eng I -1 1. I $. i