The Statesman. — London, England, 1813-03-23 00:00:00

" ......... to „ ; ht him to know, and appre ciate their me ri ts .— confer upon the ie,, 4 m en were more complete men of Wetness than the' lag elm* for W years ,ervittits of the Company ; and as to the Court of i vernment of the P: i ectors, be,ides being men of the highestcharacter; Aoped that the (I t h e , a e re distinguished for their gener al knowled g e of I timply on the norm a os ines, •• -, an d particularly of the a ff airs or Indite— The Company had, v , r..-e were also men among them,—men of such ders a greater burden 1 :,; der as would do credit to any Government, and They' had been obliged ~,,(1141 he highly usefulin the councils ofany nation. trade, and charge ' e„,a, ,vs; his general opinion of the Company, and , were too mighty I the system of government which they bad adoptede Tar t e & a great pa l and although he had the misfortune now to :lifer I otherwise be afore • e :di those Gentlemen, on many points which ap. o i h i the arrangement to him of great importance, yet he hopedp oured , facility to private . •t:ar Ito one would run away with the idea, that he I tentiage. and. freight, A . 6.11ed to subvert a system of government which of near half a mill' had produced such beneficial effects, and which ;by the restrictions had accomplished so well the objects for which !the private trade, _ it was instituted. If, then, he now found it his i Indeed, It - . Was evident, bounden duty to suggest some alterations to the ,of then to, give tic present system, he trusted that the House wield ; gesatity of, tonnage. set., that he was not travelling out of his way .to . ships were atterwar make any innovaiions, nor attacking the char. destioations, it was tered rights of the Company. . If, while their i Issue -"Slick would Charter was in - existence,_ he . had proposed those 1 It would be unfair alterations on any alleged grounds of State neces . - I confess that they , ---- - - . .- ---- (fatal- lid si , v, then, indeed, the Company would have a just power to uphold th e many a nd great i n t eres t s Com .. in volui than any other , goods from that elarket. •be mere manly for ihe Court of Directors td . right to comolain• As the Charter was now. on 'flitted to their care ; and they . done so with ; The intend part of the question, and the groat point , refine' ail • •concostion, than thus to make - a grant • very considerable incoovemence to themselies. :of controversy was, under what regulations tioseenved Matt they kneW could 'never be beneficial to the' the point of expiring, it was not a matter of choice, but of necessity, t o p r ovide for the future Govern- i They bad shown a disposition to resider what un- posed itmourse trith India should etsbaist.. Be ! patties. Aitothaquestion of altering th as y s t emo r g o, went of India. His Majes t y' s Ministers being, - l iicaz they could to the co untr y ; b ut fr o m the impose - did eh! 1 tate to say, that throughout tbnerhole 1 vernsmint; he lenketinpon it with too much.reverenge then tinder the absolute necessity of Proposing WO ; sibility of nstendiog ' their India . beads, led Irallt -lett* elf. 'the Sett, so Plat* littrolabit excepted ICO IN& to MOW se wile Ind ingenious an knelt'. messy ' re on the subject, for the consideration of Pare- : the difficulty of getting specie in the money market' but a, and no article but teao Alt other articles i tion. •• But inirety the fear of coloniaation, et bicil• liament at the present time, had resolved, after very of - thi s coun t ry , they often f e lt t h emse l ve s, f rom from ill other places should be liable to importation ; had been started, was a chimera, founded on a mite serious consideration, to propose those measures, the necessity 'of making investments, obliged .te : into thb . crialtry, The restrictions, under which this take of . the 'first principles. All whom he.had the w hi c h h e s h ou ld h av e the honour to submit; and if I have recourse to the money - market of India" , i commerce was to be conducted were, in the first I honour to address must know, that there cote(' be no. their views should be ceasidered erroneous, they !and pay an interest of from test to twelve per cent. ',place, that' it. shouldAsnly.be carried on by British I temptations to ernigrate where the country was so would cheerfully submit to what should a pp ear, in I He was convinced that if it were not for the many a sobiettaiu British ships of A given tonnage, and this I distant, and the price of labour so low: above all, the judgment of Parliament, to be better. He must, 1 other interests the Company had to maintain, they! tonnage "shottid not be lees than 330 tons,. or what, 1 where there existed a regulation which prevented however, distinctly sav, that in bringing forward* the I might eteploxelieirital much more profitably In generally tiPeaing,'was eitimated at 400 tons. The any Eltropean from acquiring property in the soil, present proposition, iiis Majesty's Ministers bed no cot - amerce, kud particularly in commerce with 'second iimitaVon _lglu, that- the- expert commerce i and restricted his residence to occasional and tem- • view of courting any existing interests. The -view which Chi n a. Wh ets it was considered h ow grea t a p a rt of 4 should be opened to all the, orts. of the empire gee' : pond purposes: thus taking away all. inducement to . they had taken of the subject, w, a one which would the habitable globe came, within the limits a She• I ..nerallY,' and the homeward commerce should be :go to India, except on. considerations entirely (Bs , not be the most likely to flatter or g ain the support , C om p an y's charter, he thOught it most evident than ; opened to such . oo,rte as 'Milan inspection, be found I tinct from the soil.' "While, therefore , there existed of any particular interests ; but lie b, lieved that it j they could not at the semetime - sopped so many ins.; 'lto be provided wlthdocarsand warehouses, to fur- I such a rule under the authority of the bompany-ean was calculated for securing the common interests of all ! portant Interests, and afford a sufficient part of their - 18'0h the greatest ficilities for importation , and the . aithority which it war:not ids-intention to Shake by classes of the petitioners. With respe ct t o the. capital foiaarryng on hotrods to the degree- thiti t strongest : trod 'most effectual guards against smug. ; any measure which he - should propose,—be could Charter, it was evident that if it were not renewed, ; otherwise might bees pushed to., ~He _thought that - Ming. Hie - resolution would not, in the first in-tnot augur much dread of colonization : nor,- at the ' it would be necessary for Parliament to provide tome I when the Company's capital failed,. , if the. national• istont* taint the porta: there should :be a survey I same time, could hese; !Icing with those who thought o the r system for the future government of India. one was introduced ,' - there could be no doubt bat Ahrotel are hetti the kingdoms, ma selection made In 1 the Etiglislitliaractet in:di f f ent from that of other He should certainly much prefer the continuance of ' that the trade could be carried Much farther. Goat consitinencg of auchiursey: •As much responsibi- 1 nations, that their intercoursewas more to be sp. a se .t em of government in India, which had been ; advantages had been gained by the altetationi pro- Bey arePassibie should be attached • to the. persons I pretended than that eirfßigners. [Hear; *earn— • I f ou nd to pniwer all the purposes of its iustitutlon, I posed in 1793, and 1802, but he thought that , conientedin.the itesestigation: it sbouldbe performed He' thought such *n • litTirrnixture would be more than be compelled to devise some other mode of go- greatat advantages then those ought' now to be 'by 'a Special Com Mission, acting. under the controul- favourable to the Mirafacof the. people than the mule verning it. He thought, that whether he considered secured to the country. He hoped, that .they :of the Treasury Board: an Order in Council should 1 tifarious associations 'te';avtich they. were at present it on the ground of tlr general good of the empire, I would not now be driven to' the extreme alternative ;be fruited, and laid hefore each Reuse of Parliament I subject: [Wear, hinri/e4nother view of this sub. or the particulat good of India, the present system l of either adhering rigidly to the regulations now i The nextarrangmeut, and the only exception to the ! ject was, that the commerce of the Company des its ought not' unnecessarily to be departed from. Con- ; existing,:or of refusing to renew the Charter, and thus . general importation of India goods, . was theexcep. i only Method of the remittance of. Its finances ; and sidering the mighty interests which had been corn- ! dissolving that happy anion of commerce and govern- I tion .of.. piece-goods. The reasops for this, were therefore, if the 'commerce Aid not reach the extent u-,:ttecl to the charge of the East India Company, and meet by which the affairs 'of India were no* admie `not only because there was no !peeler of goods on of its financesieir should be put into less confidential e Lich had been so well administered by them, he . ni3tered. Ile should still cherish the idea that' this 'which it was so difficult to fix a proper price, eieept hands, most serious mischief would ensue. Surely, it certainly thought that - alterations in the system ought : dissolution would net be necessary, until he should .. ) by auction ; but also because, they. formed an article could not be'sald that their finances were so different not to be made too frequently. He should be happy !be compelled by circumstances to despair of preserv- l of commerce which. conflicted. with our home mann- •In their nature'from those of other large trading or if the East India Company would be of opinion, that ' ing it any longer. If the alternative, however, should' facturesi for if they should come illicitly into. the political bodies, that no other medium, except that of they might again undertake, conformably to their : arrive, he did not doubt but that the deliberative wis- market, and be sold at cheap prices, they.might mt.i consmerce,, could be 'devised for the transaction of • own interests, the government .of India under the dom of Parliament could provide the means for the cite a competition dangerous to the avian( domes. them. It was evident that the system, as hitherto regulations he should have the honour to propose . ' future good government of India. Ile hoped, how- tic iiiiltufacture; Those piece.goods„ - boweverd transacted, could not be persevered in ' • for they --If they should think that they might venture to ' ever, that no class of men would soconceive their in-1 would' be taloned to be sent to the out-ports far the i were evident losers in the commercial affairs of fete undertake it, he should not propose a shorter d ine : difidual interests bound up in that particular system I purpose of re-exportation, which was,itt compliance I years. It would appear, from an inspection of the for the duration of their Charter, than had been * hieb they happened to prefer, is to refuse the adop- I 'with a revenue regulation already existing. The I accounts of the Company, that the profits of the given on the former renewals of it. He should ,tion of these measures which could best reconcile the I great question, however, as relating to this part of • trade for the last 19 years left only a balance of not then propose less than a renewal for twenty . interests of the'ceuntry with those of the Company. i the subject, was the question of smuggling : and here 8,200,0001. Even on this theta was, a difference of years. At the same time that he wished the go-' He thought it the more fair and manly way for Mi- the interests of all parties were equally involved.— opinion; and he should, in a future stage of the dis. Ternment of India still to remain in those hands [hat' nisters to declareat once that they would not conceive It was' peculiarly satisfactory to him, entering cession, detail some circumstances which appeared had hitherto so ably administered it, yet he could by themselves justified in recommending the renewal of upon this stage of the argument, to feel 'that all 'to him to reduce this amount. At present, he should no means consent to tying up. for: that perioe the ! the - Charter, unless upon terms that they conceived persons must be aware, that here, at least, Govern- I only state; thet as far as there was profit, the China. commerce of one halt of the habitable globe. He i reasonable for the country. As to the danger to the I mvnt must be a distiuterested party: it was impossi- i trade was profitable in a proportion of 1 3 to 2 ; yet could not consent,. that during all this period Co. i empire in a constitutional point of view, he admitted, I ble to injure the Company, or any part of the State, the capital' employed in the India trade was much reigners of all .descriptions , and of eiery nation , , that the transfer of the whole patronage of India to I without, at the same time, injuring the Government. greater than the employed in the Chinese. All this were to trade freely in those seas, from which Bri. I the Government, might be attended with very serious Government mast suffer by defalcations of the reve- proved that they incurred great sacrifices in &dwelt's fish subjects only were to be excluded. - This was a ' danger. It would therefore be necessary, in case the nue, at least as muck as the Directors of East India tering the whole trade of India. Viewing, there proposition so untenable, and so contrary to nature Company should refuse again to undertake the go- Affairs. He would,,, fully and fairly, enter upon fore, the disadvantages and inexpediency of this and to natural justice, that he could by 'no' means vernment of India, under the regulations proposed, this branch of the question. The whole revenue re- I trade, was it fit that it should be suffered to exist '2O admit of it. Neither could he believe that the cam- i for Parliament to:make sufficient regulations to pre. suiting from Indian imports was about 4,400,0001.: I years longer under the same principles, and confined merce of India must ever remain stationary,and was . vent' that danger: If, however, that unfortunate of this four millions were collected on the article oil by the same trammels which had produced these very utterly incapable of being pushed further by British.' alternative should arrive, when Parliament would be tea alone, and all the other articles together supplied ; disadvantages? He must say, therefore, that the Com capital and British enterprise. He Would allow that ! called on *to provide another system of government only 400,0001. The article of tea was one which patsy had not faculty to administer the trade, nor to if the trade were opened l that it was not improbable I for India, be would only meet to on tee grounds of ` had always been under the strictest regulations of the' take charge of the extended transactions to which it but that, in the beginning, the spirit of speculation 1 that patronage not being added to the' governments I Company : it was one to whic h the State w ould, at would lead. He meant no •reflection when he said, and adventure • might be-carried beyond the bounds I and he thought it very possible to devise such e vs- all times; apply its energies to prevent its fraudulent that interests Might spring up and accumulate which of prudence, and the first adventurers, instead of tem. He hoped, however, that this necessity would introduction into this country. Has did not mean to . the Directors might not be able to control, and which gain, might suffer considereble loss. It was oat s I not occur; and that the prudence and discretion of i deny, that there was no article more valuable, nor might painfully interfere with the conscientions dis. however, upon any apprehensions of temporary I the different classes of persons interested, would ' more easy to-be sniuggled , than tea. The duties on charge of the i r duties. It . was the nature of mast, loss, or any principles •of • that sort, that c u m. T., show them the propriety of submitting to some sys. this article were high, because it was, found to be that separate interests should seek their own advan merce, on a great scale, was ever regulated.— t tern more conducive to thewell-g rounded good of all, than the system able to bear them: if there were any tages to the exclusion of others, and the vast body From temporary and partial evil great good 1 which now exists- He thought, that if Parliament apprehensions' of smuggling, the duty . would vary; of the Proprietors of India Stock, not merely mer was often ' derived. As in war, although in bold ; were driven to it, they could easily find means Of But what were the increased dangers of smuggling,. — ' chants , but. traders of all sorts, would form an enter Prizes many individuals were wady. to throw ! providing for the future government of India, with- i what the presumable g r ound for additional appear agglomeration 'of influence which might be too for- - away their lives iii the cause of their country, yet I out.incen'ing the danger to the Constitution which hensious ? He did not deny that entetprise was to be midable for the Directors. He was sure that s there from that very loss and sacrifice the country derived : bad been held forth in a light which appeared to him let loess, as it cm& to be e. fptele was Au-apomaly 'was one Hon. Director who would hem enter into advantage. So it was In commerce, although limbo , to be much exaggerated. He was perfectly eon- that other ceuotries should be allOWed to trade with-, his feelings, because he had formerly made a props adventurers Often met Atli heavy loss, yet from those vinced, that when the subject should come to be con- out restrictions where the Englishlnnst not go. He. sition.to put the-shipping Interest of London on the • losses others derived experience ; and pursuing the sidered, the House would not consent to the renewal I did . net deny that the Pacific Ocean was crowded with I same footing of competition with other interests. .. same trade with more improved judgment, acquired of the Charter; 'Wiese' under very large modifica- ; innumerable small islands, whielt afforded facilities . He -wished to be understood as not being sanguine as profit. The first adventurers might be considered in : tions of the principles of the existing system. The ito illicit trade ;. yet it should - be remembered, that Ito the first effects of opening the trade to India; the the nature of pioneers; but the.main army followed t East India Company themselves were ready. .tO .ad- 1 the legions of the Pacific Ocean were not the only I consequences would probably be theaame as resulted in safety in the road that they bad cleared. He was . mit of some modifications, although not to the .ea. I ports which furnished such 'opportinities.. It could : from the fait opening of the trade, with . SouthAine- e ~: • • not prepared to admit that the comm erce of India! tent that his Majesty's Ministers thought that the I not, therefore, In &hien be said, 'that trade was ! mica ; but that did not discourage him: lfts - thitugh , ..., ~ . had been stationary duri n g th e last period. The pri- . country was entitled. lie could hardly think, how. perfectly . id now, but w o uld . he pis, longer so, if llt unwise for the Legislature to. Mutate .cotrutterci- s: s ev,z . ' . vete trade had increased considerably, and had ever, that, as a corporate bodY, ,the East India Com- I the subjects of Great Britain were admitted to a freel.conamerce would best regulate iteelf; • The third r te. ,_.-• amounted to a third of th e t r ad e of the Company ;it i pany would refuse again to undertake . the govern. intercourse with India. What was and bad been 1 solution would go to regulate the territorial and corn. 'ic.__, '!, had been about 33 Millions, when the trade of the ;' meri t of India, 'under the regu liticens which he felt I the fact on this point? In time of war ,, there was I martial funds, and to appropriate the surplus . B ut • ; - 110 1e .-, Company had been 100 millions. If the private trade it his duty to propose. The first resolution which !no difficulty to any. person choosing to incur the ihe would remark, that the affairs ; of the Company :.. *az . Lad increased so onech of l a t e , it was qu it e o b v i ous , h e i n t en d e d t o move , wo uld be a general o ne, and I risk, in finding teas In America which .might be par- could . could not be cenducie& without an "Asked iitincipitre - 'r that upon commercial p r i nc ipl es it mus t con ti nue t o !d ec l aratory o f th e p r i nc iple, that the whole sy s te m I chased at a cheap price ; and id• time of peace, of economy; and although there wss.nothing.in the • -•• i• ....: 1 increase, when many existing impediments were re- `of the Company should remain in full force except. Sweden, Ostend,and Denim& Were open to any in- ; affairi-of the Company that was twtaftosperellsy--- . • • moved. In fact, the trade to I n di a , an d a ll th e I n di an , i ng i nasmuc h as it should ' be reg u lated and ' modified I dividual who , a comparition of the danger With I nothitig that gave any cause for despoedenceottllt' seas, was too large to be confiued to the limits of the by the resolutions which should follow. He thought ' the profit, were inclined to engage in this illegal I the war wasineidtictive of heavy expeeemyand greet • 4 ' Company and their capital, and h a d a l wa y s b e e n t oo that the Legislature should recognize their system of commerce ; and all the ports of the Empire were - then I retrenchments. mast take place ; in.tbe foseignexpeft ,. large for them. lie thought, that it was quite iucou- government in India, under those regulations and : open to their reception : whereas, by the new are 1 ditures.. Since tlieCo mmittee,,appainterpmentitd ' re, '' •* 1 sistent with the duty of Parliam en t t o su b m it th a t mo difi c ati ons w hich th e c o untry had a ' right to ex- rangement the ports would onEy'le pirtially opened. , trile trade. 'hich !hf be -- - -- • - • - .Such attempts had, indeed, heel . made some ' . _.. , _. : ltiefaetor .• . with ;. which might expected to extend itself gradeally, to all the trammels which a chartered pect.—The two next resolutions which he ehoold move, regarded the trade : there were some who the been successful, and others had ended in ceufisca. the of seisai did not r " Company - would have the power of imposing on it.- 11 hen he considered the magnitude of the present question, in which the nation was so particularly concerned, he thought it was better for him, upon the present occasion, to confine himself chiefly to the general principles on which his resolutions were pounded, and to reserve questions of details until sotne future stage of the deliberations upon this sub ject. Ile hoped, however, that the Ilouse would not presume, from his now avoiding the details of ' 1 . ,. question, that be was unprepared to meet those vjets. If the Blouse, however ; were prepared to • thought trade of China should be opened, and tion ; yet number __ila . others who contended only for the , free trade to India. means prove, that smuggling had been carried on ilis object had been to answer both parties. The any alarming eitent. Ile could not see that second resolution declared, that the restrictions, as facilities of smuggling in the Pacific Octet to China, would continue to exist in the manner as greater than those which already existed' nearer now by law established : that the Empire of China home ; because, though it might be urged by the should be visited only by the Company's servants ; Company, that more reliance unfold be placed and that they should be the only persons employed on their own Captains, 'than the.. who tudght in the importation of the China goods to England. be employed; yet there was no tracks* favourable . —As this would be one great branch of. future die.. smuggling u the preset cobras, up the Chased, ' cushion, he should not argue it now ; but be had.oo .then to Illackwall. Looking, therefor% at Of hesitation in now stating what he weak' den jest on all'sid4 2 —it the proposed reitrictions) ,500,0001. '• the PM. t 0,.. , . interest 4 11 M 4 rare . - . ", • '• • . . . • . ..... ~ .. • . ... .. Ttig •ST• TZIKA,II, - ... ..,-_,.!,. ‘ . . .., .. • ... .• •_, • " - ._. • . Company too peat boon bf &Seto& Video' of lir c r ag wes falai- Alarinaiseeed risk, - for * itholejthip iveuld she tor • years longer , to, administer the go= t i rli g 4l 4 ,2Ytt the papaw e: m r igel i iv ias t s r mitad i ; huh ea to. shy par t o f o a r soragis—he could not I extended territories in lodie, he and fhatiPtiffientot A s t i , itsik ao stbe a t om. testkohde n y 'hermits of danger foroni seuscglingt 4 t- gliestion-weeld - stmt be considered est tildeellin itat hider,. ,to en botetenuy ether or- 'awn was another branch of the-questibni is to. the rrow .grounds, of eammercial policy. tent in Of Eke present.. He had no kidisposition eitaking duties: and . certainly the fi rst n ew id, in fact, take% (spins their shoal- : toa d j et Abe vety:outeel, that be thought there ,it struck him there would.benverioni Rica than they lees auto beer.-4. ! were, edriohtina; *flint* gionalle w wish* made it . I n taking the &tit*, if)..iet at the tales of obliged to• eatilsilih breaches of Ittitatllit leers:Hie ttenssetia - ri, oft Owen ma. ' eiseCoetleop- Bet the tiookil totes proved that ;e themselves iith ontweriss which . Metre Ought lobe iMsfided to` the 44*ot . the Coen- eldest alt the articles subject, to Aroeloreet duties r for their capitol, :and whtch di- , panyt that it oight.tp I}e.eouneeted with the Adral.l tiara. *wry small in amount,antlid not ektied part of that pleltet: wohicli might • ntsrm a. tion of the Empire, ne boo, loompsimOost s i 4000011 a year. So that in • chisieng the duty to a re profitablieMpipyea In commerce. i of tit/flosses fci which that Administratime*Mtetthisleti ;linty on the declared 'value of the importer s there ants which they had made fat g i v ing ' The public Weida beheoelitted, by..the application of 'would not be fi ve per cent. lost,—a loss which was e trade, they hid, ln.tbe article' of a joint fund towards the liquidation of a debt, with i tiot - ef a very *totaling nature': and the Company i g ht, incurreda loss to themselves . whin lt• *Nast, in. aiiy.ither. ease l; be itself, encum.. would not find it &Omit to employ persons at the m illi o n ; while, at the 'saline time, bereft: . and he knew of no, other. means .by which different parts to inspect the declared values, and ex• one and dlificolties imposed ; upon • this 06* could be so advantageously preserved to amine into their accuracy' and justice. r' As to the 4 the adventurers 'were losers also.. i the public - , as by the continuation of. the China trade rated dales, to which the great articles of indigo and evident,. that when it was required . utideilts present regulations. fla..wouid clot new ' cotton were subject ,he should thin!' it an estreMe notice for Many months of the ' enter* to the question, how flk .far greet body was. harlishimend hsock' e ry on the pritite Merchant, if he na ge. they wanted { • and • when the ! able administer commercial assimerps mith.,sha at.' should: be forced to send his large and `valuable good* cards liab le • to be di v erted to other ' caniett.,ailmitenets• and scOPPlnft.ito be :espected.7 to London Merely to be weighed, and then to be sent was east to see :that them might be : frourthe,L . individual . merchant ; . but •Ite. :tbooghe l back again et immense risk and'expence : this would a s td not otherwise time. Occurred. I the , olettitin - less applicable to Ake : Okla*, brae*, betoclogtbis pretended new privilege of trading with ,fair towards, the Companynot to than,* any other portion of the Indian trade.; sa~! dlilicultiti and delay.. which' would render it nu= .• ey had, done oil that , was in their the trails" of commerce were kola holhand greater ' gamy. •. It was so irepotterous, that it *milk' -..,... . ... . . . ;0;i1.1 , into'the affairs of the Com p any had as& , thhlr - re. tad j port ' , the accounts (Mm ingia .werlrery.aatisfaetetY, ascii.] The Cornmi*Eo4l. not Wettish) on * sloplos re. • any 1 venue of moraitko:t 00001. for:the .years iStl'aoll )n to I 4011 iyhot the 4 surplus rerepue of 1,50(1,0001. t the 1 old& left i'lluip)os . of. .t 1 1 X0 1 1:9Qt. 'above Oat • tht werei Perentfttee `eatcut e telr a i r lit. . The charges of the ; en: Serer suing year *re' $ ;bad „lord. tfintoe in hit r .40 i *t ate tattersolatad . staipitts would be a million . ; tais ollifb Laced j bat in his' 04101 . soiled it 50*00 1 ., now r i nd in this al, 0 11111 . SW& Tor expects**, to ale to the antontit or T. and j tlf thn loan moder tbs letetity efGeveratatiet i sub.*, .1130,0001.; theistßititisijirtfuld not beteg...than (A and ' nation to be* 'et against lbat as ; it was thereon .1 • ! -4: ••••• e... 54 i 1 ; I 41 ; II 1 • . H al. • . 0 r(p tcl