The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1825-12-08 00:00:00

LITERARY GLEANINGS. Ne. ._ ._.. ___ .... __ . FOOTE. Got ss were the mimic powers of Poore, they were i n ferior in attractron to the charms of his conversation l er k ton eess of his wit. The latter were so potent as F olt fCrlle even the predeterinivation of Dr. J oIIN SON 9 , o b e pleased with them. Strong as his prejudice was, P ai m not bear up against she broad humour of the s " - h i b Aristophanes. The account of their first inter ,, i s .;iven by Boswell. Dr. Johnson related it himself. 9, first time I was in company with Foote was at cisserbert's. Having no good opinion of the fellow, I *Nen lved not to be pleased, and it is very difficult to Jo a man against his will. I went on eating my dinner , l ey sullenly, affecting not to mind him ; but thc dog was wry co mical, that I was obliged to lay don n my knife lf o k, throw myself back in my chair, and fairly laugh o i. Sir, it was irresistible." Pours never spared any one whose were r at the same time „Tandy distinguished by station or character to make 3 . 0 p,jralar subjects of ridicule. is w e rear 1116, lie wrote an Afterpieee, entitled " The I w o to (*alas," in which he pourtrayed certain peculiar attars in the character of the Duchess or KINGSTON, (oat that tune was a topic of very general conversation i karats. The Duchess, when the report reached her, 1 I d her utmost influence against it, and finally pre -I,l;ed o n e as to prevent its representation. The follow s c opy of the letter which FOOTE addressed to the 4 , 3 C AAA is, on learning that an order nos ~4IP ' hued f or its suppression. It has all that poignancy of do ing, and archness of rebuke which characterised his ms, .g . Lonl-1 did intend troubling our y Lordship with f a n address ; bat the day after I received your pro digery misdate, 1 had the honour of a visit from Lord gosirorrsav, to whose interposition, I find, I am in- A mi d for our first commands, relative to the ' Trip to wag' by Mr. Cllctwynd, and your final rejection of it i f Odoael Keen. ekes' Mountatuart has, I presume, told your Lord ' that he read with me those scenes to which your objected ; that he found them collected from . na ture, and applicable to none but those who, Lord that iousness, were compelled ro a self-applica nts. Ts such minds, my Lord, The Whole Deily of Man, et to the Semi ‘Vritiego, is the severest satire that ever • wrote ; and if Comedy directs not her aim to the apasadt, her arrows are shot in the air ; for by what N ebel no man, no man will be mended. Lord Mount ingessired that I would suffer him to take the play with lie, led let hint leave it with the Duchess or KINGS.. too: he had my consent, my Lord, and at the same time a ssiurauce, that I was willing to make any alteration iit ber Grace would suggest. Her Grace saw the play, pd, in consequence, I saw her Grace ; with the result of Mt interview, I shall not, at this time, trouble your Lord nip. It may pee Naps be necessary to observe, that her time could not di,ceru, which your Lordship, I dare say, ell readily believe, a single trait in the character of Lady LIM CIOCODILe, that resembled herself. • After this representation, your Lordship will, I doubt art, permit me to enjoy the fruits of my labour ; nor will pstbink it reasonable because a capricious individual has she it into her bead that I have pinned her ruffles awry, art I should be punished by a poniard stuck deep in my bet: your Lordship has too much candour and justice to lid* instrumentof so violent and ill-directed a blow. "Tour Lordship's determination is not only of the reatest importance to me now, but must inevitably decide of fate for the future, as, after this defeat, it will be im possible for me to muster up courage enough to face Folly :gam: between the Muse and the Magistrate there is a raters! confederacy ; what the last cannot punish the first often eim-cts ; but when she finds herself not only de sated by der indent ally, but sees him armed in the de face of her foe, she has nothing left but a speedy retreat ; *Aim then, my Lord, to the Stage. Vakat rev ludicra ; to which, I hope, I may with justice add Plaudite ; as, Vag my continuance in the sere ice of the public, I never Titod by flattering their passions, or falling in with their ravers ; as, upon all occasions, I have exerted my little "ors (as, indeed, I thntight it my duty), in exposing !",liev, how much soever the favourites of the day; and r-ecious prejudices, however protxted and popular. Z.-s, my Lord, has been done, if those may be believed rsebare the best eight to know, sometimes with success ; Oise add ton, that in doing this I never lost my credit rth the public, because they knew that I proceeded upon ;r-eiple, that I disdained being either the echo or the in swum of any man, however exrdted his station, and 'sit I Never received reward or protection from any other will titan their own. " 1 have the honour to be, &c. " SAUCES. room'. 1.1511104 V A NLR INTALLJGBNCL Du Right Honourable John aid Lady Ann Beckett entertained :4 Dales or York and a disiingui,hed party to dinner, yesterday, sum holm in Drwoing-airett. o..ntln 'ha, Esq., had a dinner racy yesierday, at his house sCassa.strett. is Duke or Norfolk left town on 'Monday for his scut, Arundel Wt. Sow:. . _—.. p r aod — Lady Montague have left woo for their seat, Dittoo T Ilesnmsnt, Esq., M.P., arrived yesterday at the Claren lislerl. fern Paris. Tie Honourable 11 dliani llerrell arrived in town yesterda7, ha Dover. ' l '4 Earl of Beshwrough has left town for his scat. Voehampton. Vor.ant Bernard has arrived at his seat, in Ireland, item a 1/42. Inrd Salley has anived at his seat, Next Dean, Sussex, from a Ur. Mr. sad Mrs. Lawrence have left Miller's Hotel, Jermyn.street, art lir Item toks. Lady. and Miss Campbell arrived yesterday at the a'►:edoo Hotel; Jennyn•►treet. from Cheltenham. Departures f.un ditts:—lit and ohs Aliases Spurting for their seat. Nor. bey Park. t Captain Spurting, un a to , ll' 3 T. and G. Ala -14a.„ Este.. eel ilias Alamo, for their seat in Yorkshire ; and the I'M J. ►:. iiisarmr, Sot Berkshire. -- The Doke and Duchess of Clarence arrived at their re iirlice in Charles -street, Berkeley-square, yesterday morn- Nn Bushy. Their Royal Highiiiisses dined with o ..:hes.s of Kent in the afternoon, at her apartments "lit Ling's Palace, Kensington. The Duke and Duchess siCatilCe afterwards returned to Rushy. Chancellor of the Exchequer left town on Tuesday "flnaefor Beckenham. iLertatzrer.—lt is this week our painful duty to re aril soy a/ . tin most cruel Cain of sedection and elope- Left that ever came ander our notice, and we trust, for zen'er of human nature, such instances of depravity are ter occurrence. The individual who has crmmitted `+ outrage is a husband, and the father of a nume sa;initly—a man moving in a decent and reepeetaile ?err of life—a schoolmaster, encouraged for his learning el talents, aril looked up to as a teacher of mor ility. 11 . nee is itobzon, and the city of Durham is the scene He came to that town, it seems, about `•'ilytirs ago. its indifferent eirennistaaces. and from his Ability and the so ivity of his manners, his school soon '4.7.e the principal academy in the neight:•iurhoori. Ills courted, and he gained the colitidence of the citizens, with many of whom he lived on terms of - j''T The astonishment then which was f‘lt in the !. : 1 °I Durham on Pi clay morning last, when it was known he hal duped the night before, with a genteel and ac °pr`',4: 914 esi young lady, about twenty years of age one of pupil s , the daughter of a respectable tra:lesman, Ihe easily conce i ve d . H e h as absconded, leaving a si t distress and difficulties, with six small childr e n, 4 sith out t h e means of supporting them. He is deeply •.' ( '''4 in de t, and by eleven o'clock on Saturday morn :re were not less that 10 writs issued ont of the f• of Pleas in Durham aeainst his goods. This un person alipears to be abot 43 years of age, and 4... tweed that he has gone with the unfortunate victim Y'eduction, toAmecica, having with him, it is supposed ; -Ikrit—Ti yMercury. , e u4Y a Court of Directors was held at the East too 1 nous-, when the following Captains were sworn in lift!..earemand of their respective clips, viz.: Captain ~_"",-..-ntrie Hamilton, Dunks, and Captain Peter Came ' lof Batumi, consigned to Bengal and China. ng of ▪ :—. by Olt eltett Erptst mane, e and Ilinu - heads ce, at e said le net losgly est to mita, e the after. >rmj 0 the . sad omi t ham t sty ter% 111 e, made ti the unp 'fl of ly * al gr es. a O Ina CM(' I are tutA, year. I the pe.i c a k rbieta shall hick d thi Stitt. those stir!. kiple from 'CT Of land, fthe fie. those :Loa and, stale, r tbe lota. 121S8 ti of also the the The tun- arcla rave rung seas Y to p rtt • eso Neef• r 1 t the 't s of , force bath tlron e of .l coo- a lir arily , ties, turn from I of • and alng 4 ,vie• 11/011 sing ekes, Ito. 1 103• S ; PO 1. the hick t the satt welt WS- I bee 4. t Oa lhef eel! ad a the • MI • to Irt hat th rad 7 01 c• a Itee col ten rd • ref a wit 1 !it's Ind - its 1. wit fort f tlt t: the. :1 • an. sto ge i I. a th to 0 rat t ,b o u I Fo THE SILK TRADE. TO THE EDITOR OF THB BRITISH PRESS. Sta,—From the very able manner in which the most important subjects connected with the general intern: are discussed in your columns, I shall offer no apology for submitting to the public, through the medium of the BRITISH Parse, such observations on the present most critical situation of the silk trade, as may serve to etplain certain views of the subj ect w hi c h have not hitherto been sufficiently adverted to, and which, I trust, when fairly developed and fully understood, will be found not unde serving of attention. His Majesty's Ministers, I am satisfied, are aincerely desirous of promoting the best interests of the British silk trade, by authorising the importation of foreign wrought after the sth July next, at an ad valorem duty of 30 per cent. The British silk manufacturers, on the other hand, urgently appeal against this measure, as favouring the foreign manufacturer at their expense, and opening a channel of utter ruin to their trade. On this question both parties are at issue. If it be true that we cannot compete with the French manufacturer after the new law shall have come into operation, and that this can be proved to the satisfaction of Government, that law ought no doubt to be rescinded ; and the known liberality of Go vernment justifies the belief that it would be rescinded. But if this be not true—or, being true, cannot be proved to be so—it must in fairness be admitted that Ministers are well warranted in persisting in that line of policy which they have iodinated their determination to pursue. The parties whose interests are the most deeply involved in the result of this step, are two—the Silk TitanwserkS, and the Silk MA NUFACIT az its. They are therefore the parties who have the strongest claim to be heard. The silk throwsters aver that if an adequate protecting duty is not levied on the importation of foreign thrown silk, their mills must stop, anti they must either abandon their works or be ruined. But the question here occurs, Xi'hat is an ade quate protecting duty? This question is not easily an swered. The throwsters vary greatly, among themselves, as to the cost price of throwing organzine in this country. Some few of their number—they are, however, but few— admit that ss. per pound would afford them a remune rating price; and therefore that a duty of Ss. per pound would be protection sufficient; and it was probably in consequence of this admission, and the arguments grounded upon it, that, by an Order in Council of the 15th ult., the duty was reduced to ss. per pound on all undyed foreign thrown silks. Now I affirm, without hesitation, that if Ministers persevere in imposing this duty, the British silk manufacturers will be wholly excluded from all com petition with those of the Continent ; the latter being able to come into the market at a cheaper rate, which will be better explained by comparing the situation of the manufacturer of the two countries. The manufacturer in France pays on the foreign thrown silks only a duty of 10d. per pound, whereas the English must pay 55., therefore the former has an advantage over the latter of 4s. 241. per pound on the prime cost of all foreign thrown silks. Now taking the value of these to he 90s. per pound on the ave rage, it will be seen that the French manufacturer can pro duce his wrought silks at about 14 per cent. cheaper than the English, as far as it regards the cost of the first material. If, therefore, the French manufacturer, in addition to the above indisputable advanta g e o ver t h e English, possesses, as it is reasonably assumed, others of considerable import ance, such as superiority and cheapness in dying—greater skill in manufacturing, and lower price of labour—how can he expect to contend with success against such rivals? All this requires great consideration, and either the legislature must place him upon at least an equal footing as far as re gards the cost of the raw material, or the exertions of the British manufacturer will be hopeless. The import duty in France upon thrown silk being, as I have just stated, nut quite toil. per pound, and the ex pense of throwing averaging from 2s. 6d. to 4s. per pound, supposing the home manufacture to be freed from ail dis couragement, and to prosper accordingly, could the throwsters furnish all that could be required ? I answer, without fear of contradiction, they could not. The demand under such circumstances would exceed (at least for the present) their means of supply. llow, moreover, can the English mills compete with those of Italy? I will admit that in point of skill the English throwsters may be supe rior to the Italians, but how materially is that skill coun tervailed by the many advantages possessed by the Italian throwsters; advantages so peculiar and to considerable that even with a duty of ss. per pound they would be enabled to undersell the English in their own market. One most important—perhaps the principal—advantage possessed by the Italian throwster, is the having choice of the best silks, and the being able to procure them in the same good condition as they come from the Filanda. In addition to this, not only has he no duty to pay upon his raw silk, but he has that which, to him, operates as a pro tecting duty, viz. the export duty in Lombardy of Is. 2d. per lb. English. To this is to be added the present duty offish pew lb. paid on the importation of raw silk into Eng. land, snaking together 15..5d. ; and if from this be deducted the duty of Td. per lb. paid by the Italian in the thrown silk exported, there will remain 1011. per lb. extra duty, which the English throwster must have paid on the sill thrown by him. Thus the duty of .sa. per lb. is, in fact, reduced to 4s. While I am upon the foreign duties, it may be matter of information to add, that the export duty of raw silk, from all the States of Lonsaanv, is equal to Is. 2d. per lb. English. From the States of PIEDMONT the exportation is prohibited. From the ROMAN States, it is equal to Sid. per lb. English ; and from the NE•POLITAN States the exportation is free of duty. he export duty upon thrown silk, from the States of Loassaany, is equal to 7d. per lb. ; from the States of PIEDMONT is equal to Is. 2d. per lb. Now the question which next requires to be considered is, at what price can the Italians throw their silk ? It is pretty well ascertained that, at an ample estimate, the cost to them is about 3s. per lb. The English cannot, they say, produce thrown silk at a less expense than ss. per lb.; here, then, is 2s. more, at least, thrown into the scale in fa vour of the Italian throwster, which added to the former iod. gives him *preponderant advantage of 2s. 10d. per lb. Let us now pause, and examine the result. To the Eng lish throwster it is this—the duty of .ss. per lb., on foreign thrown silk, becomes to him a real protecting duty of only 2s. 2t1.. To the British silk manufacturer it is this,—that he is burthenecl with a duty of 4s. 2d. per lb. more than is paid by the French manufacturer. Thus, while the throwster in England is insufficiently protected, the manu facturer is inevitably ruined. 1 would here ask—and it is a question which deserves the most serious consideration of the Government—of what avail is it to encourage the throwsters, if you ruin those who are to consume the produce of their industry, and without whom their material cannot find a market ? The manufacturers may exist and flourish, though the number of throwsters should be diminished, but if the former are compelled to abandon their trade, the occupation of the lat ter is gone. _ _ _ Let it not be inferred, from what I have here said, that I am wanting in consideration for the many individuals that have embarked their capital in this branch of industry; or that I speak unfeelingly of their intetests. It is not so. If the fostering attention of Government could be extended equally, and with equal good effect, to th e thro ws t ers and the manufacturers, it would be will ; but if this cannot he, and if both interests cannot, in the present state of the trade, be combined, the former must, to a certain extent, give way, and the more definitively this result is made known the better, that the parties may he the better prepared either to yield to the necessity, or to provide against it. Thus much is certain : if the prohibition is to be discon tinued, the English manufacturers must be enabled to meet their rivals in the foreign market on equal terms, or their export trade is at an end. 1 would, therefore, strongly recommend that the duty upon orgarrine silk should be reduced to the same duty as is payable in France, that is 10d. per lb.: and, that the duty upon raw silk should be reduced to one penny. The result of this measure would he, that the demand for thrown silk would immediately in crease, and the price of throwing would every where ad vance. At present, the Continental manufacturers have an advantage, approaching to monopoly, in the foreign mar kets ; but this reduction would bring the English manu facturers to the same level, and, both paying the same price the fonner would no longer be able to produce goods; I. much below those manufactured in Engiatul. From the great augmentation of demand which would be thus created, the English throwsten would be materially be nefited; as they would be enabled to continue working their mills with much more activity and with greater suc cess than they would be in a condition to do under the I duty of 65., coupled with the importation of foreign wrough silks. • -.pa,: - This subject, an important at this moment, from the cri tical situation of the silk trade, is susceptible of much farther developement ; but the length to which I hare already extended this letter forbids me at present from trespassing further on your columns. A CALM OBSERVER. PERKLV.S"S STEAM-GUN. The neighbourhood of Mr. Perkins'. safety steam-engine manufactory, near the Regent's-park, was on Tuesday morning thrown into great consternation by some tre mendous reports arising from the discharge of his steam gun. Since the fatal accident, which occurred several months ago, where a lady threw herself from a gig in con sequence, as it was at the time incorrectly supposed, of her home having taken fright at the prodigious uoise made by the steam-gun, that terrific engine of destruction hail not been permitted to be discharged by the respectable indi viduals belonging to Messrs. Perkins's concern. On Tues day morning, however, soon after ei g ht o ' c l oc k, patro l s were observ ed stationed on all the roads leading tuwatds the manufactory, accompanied by men with placards on boards, warning all passengers on horseback or in carriages to go through' the Regent's-park, instead of proceeding by the high-road leading in front of the manufactory. Soon after nine, numbers of military officers, in carriages and on horseback, alighted at the manufactory. They were soon followed by the Duke of Wellington, and immediately afterwards the discharges of steam, which had been pre viously occasional and of' comparatively slight force, com menced with a continued roar, resetnbling . the loudest thunder we ever heard. The group of eminent persons then assembled consisted of his Grace the Master-General of the Ordnance, and his Staff; the Marquis of Salisbury ; Mr. Peel, the Secretary of State ; Sir 11. Ilardinge, Lord Fitzroy Somerset, the Judge-Advocate-General, and many other military officers of the highest rank; together with a Committee of Engineer and Artillery Officers, who, it appeared, had been officially appointed by the Duke of Wellington to examine into the merits of this wonderful specimen of human ingenuity and destruc tive power. The discharges of steam now became almost incessant for two hours, during which, its incalculable force and astonishing rapidity in discharging balls excited amazement and admiration in all present. At first the balls were dis- , charged at short intervals, in imitation of artillery firing, against an iron target, at the distance of thirty-five yards. Such was the force with which they were driven, that they were completely shattered to atoms. In the next ex periment the balls were discharged at a frame of wood, and they actually passed through eleven one-inch planks of the hardest deal, placed at a distance of an inch from each other. Afterwards they were propelled against an iron plate one-fourth of an inch thick, and at the very first trial the ball passed through it. On all hands this was declared to be the utmost effort of force that gun powder could exert. Indeed we understand that this plate had been brought specially from Woolwich, for the purpose of ascertaining the comparative force of steam and gun powder. The pressure of steam employed to effect this wonderfnl force, we learnt, on inquiry, did not at first exceed 65 at mospheres, or 900 Ib4. to the square inch ; and it was re peatedly stated by Mr. Perkins that the pressure might be carried even to 200 atmospheres with perfect safety. All present being fully satisfied with respect to the power of the steam, Mr. Perkins then proceeded to demonstrate the rapidity with which musket balls might be projected by its agency. To effect this he screwed on to the gun barrel a tube filled with balls, which, falling down by their own gravity into the barrel, were projected, one by one, with such extraordinary velocity as to demonstrate that, by means of a succession of tubes, filled with balls, fixed in a wheel (a model of which was exhibited), nearly one thousand balls per minute might be discharged. In subsequent discharges or volleys, the barrel, to which is attached a moveable joint, was given a lateral direction, and the balls perforated a plank nearly twelve feet in length. Thus, if opposed to a regiment in line, the steam gun might be made to act from one of its extremities to the other. A similar plank was afterwards placed in a perpendicular position, and, in like manner, there was a stream of shot-holes from the top to the bottom. It is thus proved that the steam-gun has not only the force of gun powder, but also admits of any direction being given to it. But what seemed to create most surprise was the effects of a volley of balls discharged against the brick wall by the aide of the target. They absolutely dug a hole of con siderable dimensions in the wall, and penetrated almost one half through its thickness. We heard several officers declare their belief, that, had the balls been made of iron instead of lead, th.: would have actually made a breach through it—the wall was eighteen inches thick. We confess that we were more gratified with the exhibition than with any thing we have ever before witnessed, not only because Mr. Perkins's gun opens a new era as regards warfare, which, we conscientiously believe, will ultimately lead to universal peace, (for how could any population supply the loss occasioned by such destructive instruments as that exhibited on Tuesday ?) but because we contemplated with delight the immense advan tages this high-pressure steam will produce in working steam engines, as compared with the present low-pressure steam. It is generated with much less fuel and water, and is entirely exempt from all danger. On this account, it is, I we understand, that the firm have g i ven i t t h e name o f t h e " Safety Engine." We have looked forward with confidence to the success of Mr. Perkins'snew principle for generating steam, but there are some, we know, who, forgetting the difficulties unavoidably attendant on bringing an invention of such vast magnitude and importance to perfection, have fancied that it ought to be completed, and the system esta blished off hand, and who have supposed that, from the de lay, the difficulties in bringing it into practical operation would prove insurmountable. Those gentlemen will doubt less be gratified on learning that this delay will not be much longer protracted, as Mr. Perkins has now very nearly completed a 70 horse engine, to be worked by his " gun-powder steam," and subjected to public experiment. I He is now digging a well upon his premises for that pur pose, and pumps of very large dimensions have been al ready put into it. IVe shall revert to this most interesting subject as soon as we can obtain fuolier it:formation upon which reliance may be placed. That which we have now stated we personally witnessed. ---- LIVERPOOL CORN-EXCHANGE, TOESDAT, DEc.6. The imports of Grain and Flour this week have been very snail, notwithstanding this market has continued dull. and sales effected in a limited extent at a reduction of about 3d. per 701bs. on IVhcat. The stock of old Outs and Wheut is getting into antall compass. Malt and malting Barley remain. steady at former prices ; but grinding Barley is lower, 2d. a 3tl. per 601bs. This day there was a thin attendance, and very limited sales; Wheat and Barley at • reduction, and other articles remain as per last. The unsettled state of the money market in London last week has, no doubt, extended its influence to this market also. GRAIN. Wheat per Bushel 701 b. Oats per Bushel of 431 h. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. English - - V oalo 4 Irish Potato . 34 a 3 6 Ditto (new) - 9 4a 10 4 Vitro (new) - 3 7 a 3 V Scotch - - 8 0 a 9 3 English, Scotch, Irish . 7 0 a 3 6 and Welsh - 3 7 s 3 9 Ditto (new) - 9 2a 10 0 Common 2(1.a 3d. lower. Foreign. free - 8 0 a 8 9 Flour per 20018. Ditto (in bond) . 4 0 a 4 6 English . -52 oab4 • Canadian - 6 9a 8 V Irish - -50 0a 53 0 Oatmeal per 2401 b. American (per English - 30 0a32 0 1901b.)new -240 a 26 0 Irish - 25 0a27 0 Beans per Quarter. Ditto (new) -29 0a32 0 English . -50 0a62 0 Halt per 9 galls. 8 ti alO G Irish . -46 oa6o 0 SINGULAR DIRECTION:A letter, bearing the follow ing curious superscription, was put into the post-office in this town o❑ Wednesday, the 30th ult. :—" For Mr. Col well that Keeps the Shop in Back Anderton-st. to Ike Gave to Jack Timlcn that Keeps the pigs in his own &liar in Back Anderson-st. the Irish man that has the Large fa mily that bgr the mail front Mr. Colwell and milk to Bol ton."—Afandiester Paper. CO.lll M RACE? OF LrrERPooL. (frown the Liverpool iiiikor.l It lo eoturriou ler persons who live in distant parts of the cousitry to talk of the rank which Liverpool holds among the great seaports of the world. Few of these individuals have, however, more than vague notions of the extent of the trade of the post, or of the commercial transactions which take place on the Liverpool Exchange. The title of " second seaport in Europe ' has been universally be stowed upon Liverpool ; her fame has penetrated to the farthest verge of the green earth ;" and her name is as celebrated in the modern as that of Tyre was in the ancient world. There are, however, is we have already stated, thou sands who, whilst they apply the usual high-sounding epithets to the port, are ignorant of some things which are ' peculiar to Liverpool, or in which she claims undisputed pre-eminence over the other seaports of Europe. We al lude more paiticularly to the Mercantile Packet Establish ments, which either belong to the port, or which are so closely connected with it that they may almost he said to belong it. London has only one of these establishments ; and it is insignificant compared with those connected with Liverpool. It may not be unnseful, therefore, to many of our distant readers, if we should give, in this, the first of a series of articles which we intend occasionally to publish on the trade and comtnerce of the port, sonic account of the unrivalled facilities which it affords for communication with all parts of the Western World, either by means of vessels that are called packet-ships, which sail on appointedi days, or by transient traders, which; although not quite so' regular as the former, yet sail in general with considerable regularity. The most prominent Packet Establishments are the lines of ships which carry on periodical communications between Liverpool and the United States of America. The first line to New York commenced in the year 1818. It was considered at the time one of the boldest experiments which had ever been tried by commercial men, and few I were of opinion that it would answer the expectations of its spirited projectors. At that period, days were occa sionally fixed for the sailing of vessels for distant places, and the periods were, in some instances, pretty closely ad- hered to by the owners. When, however, it was announced, that a ship would sail for New York on the first of every month, full or not full, considerable surprise was expressed by many well-informed persons in the mercantile circles. But so complete was the success of the first line, that in the 'I course of a short period a second was established, to sail on the 16th of every month, full or not full. The establist.- ment of this second line excited much less surprise among commercial men than was felt when the first line com menced. The practicability of filling merchant ships that were to sail on a certain day had been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the commercial community; and the mani fold advantages, both political and commercial, which had resulted front the establishment were universally felt and acknowledged. All commercial transactions between the two countries were, by means of the line, carried on with great regularity ; and gave to the mercantile world all the benefitsof apost-office packet, without the expense which ge nerally attends communicationsreceived by thatinedium. The success of the second line was as complete as that which had attended the first ; and in a short time a third and a fourth were added to the establishment, which now consists of 16 ships. These vessels are of the first class, trod carry a large tonnage; they are coppered and copper-fastened, abun dantly found in stores, and commanded by skilful and ex perienced Captains. They almost uniformly make uncom monly quick passages between the respective ports, and afford unrivalled facilities for communication between the two Continents of Europe and America. Their internal accommodations for the comfort and convenieuee of pus sengers are splendid, and almost as complete and as various as in a hotel on shore. There is a regular culinary esta blishment on board ; and the cabin passengers'injoy even. the luxury of fresh milk and cream every morning, obtain ed from a cow which each ship carries on deck. The total charge for all these accommodations, including the choicest wines, is only thirty-five guineas to a passenger between Liverpool and New York. The first and the second line of packets, which sail on the Ist and 16th of every month ; ' consist of the following vessels:—The New York, the Manchester, the Pacific, the Florida, the William 'Thomp son, son the Canada. the J ames C ropper , a n d ths olikrob;ai; and are conducted by Messrs. Cropper, Benson, niid Co. The next line sails on the Bth of every month, and consists of the John Wells, the Manhattan, the Pantbea, and the Meteor. It is conducted, conjointly, by Messrs. Cropper, Benson, and Co. and Mr. Edward Cearns, jun. The fourth line, which sails on the 24th of every month, consists of the Silas Richards, the Leeds, the Cortes, and the Corin thian, and is conducted, conjointly, b y M essrs. R at hb one, Brothers, and Co. and Mr. Edward Cearns, jun. The success which had attended the first lines to Ncw York soon induced the establishment of a similar line to Philadelphia. The ships composing this line are the Al gonquin, the Montezuma, the Alexander, and the Tusca rora. They are conducted by Messrs. William and James Brown and Co., and sail, full or not full, punctually on the eighth of every month. They are in every respect equal to the New York packet ships, are commanded by skilful and experienced seamen, and make remarkably quick passages between the two ports. In the year 1824 second line of packets to Philadelphia was established, consisting of several first-rate vessels, namely the Dale ware, the Minerva, the Courier, the Colossus, &e. This line is conducted by Messrs. Rathbone Brothers and Co., and the vessels sail on the 20th of every month, full or not full. To Boston there are packet ships, but they do not sail at regular and stated periods like those to New York and Phi ladelphia. They are conducted by several houses. There are two lines of packets to Lisbon. The first line, consisting of the Lancashire Witch, the Bootle, the Hard ware, and the Ellen Jenkinsor., sails on the first of every month, full or not full, and is conducted by Messrs. John Bibby and Co., the owners, and Messrs. Vianna and Jones. The second line comprises the Belem Castle, the Arcturus, the Washington, and the Tagus, and sails on the 16th of every month. This line is conducted by Messrs. Vianna and Jones and Messrs. John Bibby and Co. All the ves sels comprising these lines are coppered and copper-fas tened ; their accommodations for passengers are excellent, and they make very quick passages. The above is a correct list of all the mercantile packet vessels which sail hence for foreign ports at stated periods. They have been of great benefit to all persona connected with trade and commerce. The passages which they make are always good, and some times astonishingly quick. The average time occupied in the passage from Liverpool to New York it about thirty-two days, and from New York to Liverpool, about twenty-one. In one instance, the pas sage to Liverpool was made in fifteen days and a half ; and recently it has been twice made under seventeen. These examples are sufficient to show the average pas sages made by the vessels composing the New York and Philadelphia lines. The quick sailing of the Lisbon line is well known. But, though there arc not any other places than the above to which vessels sail at specific periods, there are al ways a great number of first-rate vessels on the birth, whose times of sailing may be pretty accurately ascertained on ap plication to the merchants and ship-brokers of the port. To all parts of the West Indies, to Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Buenos Ayres, Chili, and Peru, vessels are con stantly sailing ; and passengers and shippers need never be at a loss far the means of conveyance. The Liverpool traders are celebrated for their quick passages, and many instances might be enumerated of their outstripping, even when deeply laden, the post-office packets themselves. It is worthy of remark, that, since the establishment of packet vessels, a greater degree of exactness has been ob served, than was formerly the case, in adhering to the an bounced periods for the sailing of what are called transient ships. Much delay and expense is thus aveided. The shipper knows, from experience, that he must have his goods ready about the period stated in the advertisement ; and the owmr saves expense by his vessel receiving quirk despatch. Thus . the attarvement is mututlly beneficial, and tenets, by giving facilities to trade, to increase the com merce of the port. Dr. Brady has erected a shot factory, at Ballyeorris, over one of the shafts of the Mining Company of It% .and. The inanntlettire, which is much approved of, will save the country, for this article, between thirty and forty thousand pli4A43 Chronicit. THE L'o7l'ON TRADE. ----reagass.:-- • laereroot.,lDre. p. The period is now rapidly appitraching *ben we eh have tin opportunity of ascertaining, With a considetelift degree of exactness, the result of the. gigantic °pentane which were carried on in the cotton market during the early months of the present year. The annual statearralle of the stock and import of the staple will be made up 411111 r, the 31st inst. It will be a document of great interest, only to the merchant and the spinner, but to every who, however unconnected with the pursuits of row yet pays attention to the events which are daily transpiring.; in the commercial world. In the meantime, however, wet are enabled, by the account of the stock and import of cotton rublishe.l by the brokers; to state what has beep the total import in the course of the current year, as well, as the stock which remained in the port of Liverpool on the _. 30th of November. From this document it appears this the total, import of cotton into thie port, during the first eleven months of 18E4 and 18E5, was as follows: — Import in 1825 - 674,387 bags Import in 1824 . 432,386 Difference between the Import during 241941 • the two periods -- - , • • , Thus, it appears, that the total import i n to t he port at , Liverpool, during the first eleven months of the present:. year, exceeded the total import in the corresponding path.: of the last by 241,911 bags; an increase of above half of the total import during the first eleven monthsW . 1821. This increase, however, great as it undoubtedly fi, can surprise no man who has paid the slightest attention-if the extraordinary transactions which took place in the market during the early months of the present year. DO • the most important point for consideration is, the stock of Cotton in the port on the 30th November, compared with ' the stock at the same period last year. The stock at the respective periods stood thus:— • Stock ou the Mb November, 1825 . 269,200 bags Stock on the 30th November, 1824 - - 166,500 Difference between the stock at the two periods 102,700 From this statement we find, that the stock, on the 30th November, 1825, exceeded the stock on the 30th Noma ber, 1824, by 102,700 bags only; a quantity smaller ; we believe, than the most sanguine speculators on the state of the Cotton market had expected to remain in the port at the end of November. Lxtraordinatily great, therefore, as has been the import of Cotton into the port of Liver. pool during the present year, the outgoings must have been very great also; or clue stock could not have been now re duced so much as it has been, by the conjoint operation of two causrs,—Home Consumption and Foreign Export. BANKRUPTCY of Messrs. CHAMBERS and SON. Yesterday a Meeting was held at the Bankrupts' Court, Basing hall-street, before the Commissioners of the estate of Mom. Chambers and Son, the bankers, to receive the usual proof st claims. to elect assignees, and to trensact such other business as • might be deemed necessary. The Coinmissioners were occulted receiving affidavits of Undls,.. puted debts during several hound of the day ; none of those de mends basing been disputed, they gave rise to no discussion what ever. The claim of Mr. Frere upon the bankrupts to thramount of 30451. was deferred. as Mr. Frere was not deeded whether to make the demand upon Mr. Chambere's persons] estate, or upon that of the bankrupts , conjointly. It having, in sotne degree. accumulated in a . frirmer partnership of Birch, Chambers, and Hobbs, this bd.% ginal names of the bank.__ Mr. AI ox TAO u, the Cifiihterf Barrilter, here enteted the mom, and said hi was instrutted to stste aerie reiidifs which would est aside this commission ; the first of which was, that the petitioning crectitor's,debt was net sufficiently is existence to warrant the Wits ing of a cemmiesion. Mr.sl . a - tient% an 'afforney, *did Mr: Pellodk bid been instritedd:: to attend,-to combat thtveohjectioes, hot was abeam, be knew tan t , ; , avoidably. Mr. COMMisilitAerboiririiite sad ft*atilt would wait, IV then want any chabectrf ; . to argue the questions duegkh=eCl. Pre4sed 1114414" lir.'s'ilitextr. the petitioning ttadilie‘leiti he could very teas., dily,proirt theexisteacypf • , • Mr. Cotheilssioner flttmwtrit's stddlfilt biker coarse would be to ekanthis him 's* to that point. - • Mr. a'aiecket being worn, was asked by Me. .310 W TAM.; if he . had executed theddfd &license for the framers to the estate.—flea • in return, asked the Learned Counsel if hedrad any doubt of it. . afiles4, l o4l.,TisOl3 Sreeated himpitestioo, anti was answered in the rmadve • Mr. 'Becket ex - pressing i desire, before he repliedlo anv fberbertaternigaterierk-to see the deed. . Mr. 3lox Tann asked if the aignatureon the deed was his. ' Mr. a'Becket replied it was; gait begged the eced might be read. .1• • M t in e 'n d t lz he T A C 4 O II M - IM S t s n/IP lOner i t "d the I rel d ea es s i e re w t h h ic e h p i a t r c t o ic n u ta la i r ni a d t" ' your demand. This commission has been too hastily issued. •• Mr. Hamilton read the deed, which was, a license from that,. Messrs. chambers, investing in certain trustees therein named se perfect control over all theft property, With full powets to mangle, the same for the general benefit of the creditors, until the deed was properly reveaed, with a proviso that the powers of the COSEI... mittee or trustees reared to a certain or great extent when the, • had not the concurrence of the bankrupts in any of their &cur. , as to the disposed of the estates of other property belonging to them. Mr. Monvilou then submitted, that the deed was completely revoked upon any of the provisos it contained. as the trustees or committee had for some time ceased to have the concurrence if the Means. Chambers in any of their acts. Mr. a'BEcatT denied that shy such power was expressed in the deed, and begged that the terms of the reteerittion might be read. Mr. AIONTAInr faid, it ails very clear that the bankrupts' not having concurred in an, of 4 theesca of the committee as trustees, it was a perfect telease to Oa*. consequent revocation of th e deed. • Mr. Commissioner TREBLEI asked, if it was meant to be said that the clause of revocation *as a release of the claim of tic Trustees. _ . Mr. Meiwraou contended, that under the words of the dal there was a direct revocation. The deed ran thus--" Shall give him, the said Mr. Chambers, a full release, both in law and equity, and the said trustees ate not to encumber, arrest, prosecute, attach, detain, put in exectidon. or molest him, in currying into effect the full terms of the deed." Now they had, by the hasty course whith. they had puntued,completely revoked the deed or letter of license. Mr. allaotiET said he could prove the letter of license waa revolted op the 120 of November, and read the notice of Mr. Fletcher, Secretary to the Committee, dated the oth ult. directed to him, saving the letter of license had been revoked, and he was at full liberty to adopt any measure he thought proper for the recovery of his demands ; which notice, be said, had been mot circular to all the creditors. A long desultory conversation arose precisely to the Berne effect as already stated, which was ended by the Commissioner deciding that the objection was invalid. Mr. MONTAGU said, that his second reason arose out of the first. If this committee was duly constituted, had they a risht to revoke the deed when their body did not cqnslst of the original members ? Ile fourd that some had retired, and others had 1)••• chosen in their stead. Mr. a'f3sexaT said there was a clause in the deed allowing the Committee, in cave of death or retirement, to replace the member. Mr. MOXTAGU urged his objection to the commission, eon. tending, at very considerable length, that they had no power, undue the deed of license, to issue any proem. This gave rise to another colloquy, which was ended as before, without any drfinitive decision. Mr. filloteraott also urged that the provision wet not com • plied with, Inas:nuch as fourteen druid notice had not been given between the election of the members of the committee and his ap proval by a general meeting; therefore his nomination most as suredly could not be legal. Mr. MaTittw said the minutes of the committee ware always read and confirmed by the general meeting within eke fourteenth day. A very clamorous discussion was here commenced, which con tinned for above half an hour, when One of the COSIRISSIONERS insisted upon the restoration of order, and pronounced his total disapproval of a line of proceed. ing which entirely prevented anything like a clear understandicg of the subject. Finally, the minutes of the committee were ordered go be read ; and it appearing they heel been regularly confirmed at each genera meeting, within the rime required by Act of Parliament, the Cele missioners over -ruled the objection, and ordered Mr. Allecket to be sworn to his debt. Moore conversation arose as to the choice of assisting, Audi' was appointed for the 234 instant, and at four o'clock the meeting broke up. SPANISH COTTON BuvEßS.—lt is pretty genera/Iy, known, that the importation of B:•itish manufactured cot tons into Spain is prohibited by law ; we understand, how-. cver, that there are at present in this town some SpaMide buyers, who are purchasing pretty largely for ready money. under a Lett.r of liceuse from Ferdinand, for the ictrodiic- Lion of their purchases into the Polinsula.—MascAeitiO• Mercury. The Captain of a vend from Portugal which putihte. Vigo Bay states, that he sailed fro n Vigo eight days ago, and that the English adventurers hail been suceessfstL. severs: silver vases had been exhibited, taken from Ore vessels in the barbour, and they werein a toleraLle state or preservation. - i. . ! t ').. , : I . ..: • ~. '.i 1 • 4, 1 I .. 1 10, 1 i I . , . 1 ' 44 . ~ . . ' . . . 4 ; 4 1 . 4 1 . , 1 • f ; i 1 ' 4 .• ; . ~ . . , ...,, , 1 . , 1 . 0 • ( , - 4 , , , • ; i t . 1 ~ I' ; ~. 1 I / 1 A 1• • ' N.. 0