The Statesman. — London, England, 1822-06-12 00:00:00

'‘t O.A - 1‘; . : . Ptr Cent. (KII_Kg ) ( -.7 2 0,...,4 - 5 itit li 4t - , t - - 1 1 (k_,A.LZ '.-_' :,' x ilp z .. 45 61 4 9 7 •-• . -' 2 t , f• .....- 4 ... Timm. r • " Qi • Zb C M 0 1 LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 1822. I DER 5396 FOL • nil 111 NO at No. 25. New Bood-street. la. MOWN spieedld lIINTORICAL PAlNT tosetiag the INN MUTANTS of !ARO A twain D. with 'Prevail ether palathigs. Achalitaaes. Is.--Uretsteirec )00111.RTri ANNUAL nsounira. ANNUAL REGISTIM or a View of the Dry, Polities, sad Liftwiteee edge year Printed foe Baldwis. &N. and Joy °Woe am ; 1. WWI ; Lowe*. NW* Item Orire. ; R. Jo_lhey sad nee t Latilagese and Co.; J. Treed sad Joan ; R. lioneders; W. Muerldn wed Niersball. usiweeelleied to seralty of events. laralia sad So. deb Milliffed la ibe year RNA beter ea ==2 l lZ a sinsoribe prawn 'slaws ; earl ea at a smaller type der ream ilownwile. It Ins ilsoprostble to wonsprias tbe while la leo .. Thin !flew. amp set ewer liana 1 Sad the era worseedsll Alit. who. Se &wawa ano ex. lay will be *owl to mashy so Woolen nor tire direeapy. sod *et It Wee lesposelble se do of Illaerribe eawareasenallenalar new : 11 W ,... 1: 1 :111 61 ; hl ee kl eel. etwelellwas.. in&llWeb tire wespass of aa eridlesry ve , . r prone **we funnies $ series@ Wee. wkielt led ***law serneelly : sails Gamest lades to *ries Nee Mete 1910 is la forwardiases. VOLUME OF CATECHISMS. gas puldiehed.priee7s.lioued.illestrated with above Pula. at the steel remarkable objects la Moire U▪ NIVEILEMA CATECHIST. or TEXT IL et the Wei amebas of Hess's Inewledgr, is mid Answeir,lpr the use of Schools sad Students. ily JAMBI MITCHELL, H. A. dose la otir to the Schoolmaeters mid Osiers * United Rfiticions, Si a mutilate and perfect ten& oimprelhessis the @Meal stairs of know dinelsdple Ass Ileisagee. perspicaciously ex it ht. mineenver. missed ia on entirely yew, and weailneas, lhr 4410•001111 being in Red, asd the sling. obi& sealer on It a Owns of unequalled meddiggense. Ns strisool-hook is the language is stkairoariebed with so great a variety of Corns e llradirs dais. r aide( ere subjects smeeesslvely treated of la le, is distinct and complete Catechisms : ICTURS limner or Otters ear Rota ICS HTOOOTTATICI Immotoor • • TOT MICILASICS ILOGT lltsactuscr rAW hirtmoicor 4L Law NAT/COAL PXYLOOOPIIIT 11C1TT Orracs 'woe* Onurrnot.ocii ITNT PIITSIOLOOT 1/11 OF h Pint:matins • PUT POLITICAL A 'muerte T OW R Zootocv flatirons , several Catechisms. with Two Hundred Ss -1 for Sir Itlebeal PWllips end Co.. Bridge-street; had of J. Cumming, Dublin; Iltirllon sod Blade. h; 11401007. norbkai ts t i r es. (all Booksellers. Akio. Jest irresßioemeratcmi.Ci.mse Bssa. 79. eon's ltatonmsuinispb Ts. BC p's 0 ems soma or Ctmssiemi. Linamaromm. 9s. , • TINOS New Ceadb threseli Tsebetike. THE DEPENDENT, sorry's' ev4 Poor Wide*. Dow I'S 01lee, the Black Bear Coils& at the 'brow of • Arcade, Piccadilly. every morning, at half-past I Ball Inn. Aldgate, at • quarter before aloe, to the ad, Hastings. The Proprietors beg most respect aim the attention of Ladles awl Gentlemen travel their families Into Sussex, to the great Improve * new Coaches they have jest pat upon the road ; o remarkably low and safe, it is almost Impossible • them. IAMPTON New Coach, in nine boars. through sr, from the Bill pap. Aid's**. every morning, at id Nelson's Office, Black Bear Cellar, corner of n Arcade. Piccadilly, at half-past seven. This dimes to Lymingto• sad Lyndhurst. and also com et Southampton with the isle of Wight, Guernsey, asre de Gram and St. Maloes Pnckets. 3012 and ETON Telegraph Coach daily, from the late, at half-pest one; end Black Beer Cellar, • gore titres. _ . NESTER very cheap Coach he twenty-four hours, Derby, Leicester, and North- Raves the Hull lon, Aldrate, every evening, at it, to the Alhlos Hotel. Nlancliet.ter, front whence et out for Llv..rpool mid all parts of the North. L FLOOR CLOTHS AND CARPETS, SELLING UNDER PRIME COST, I ass tIITASLISTIED •al au• RARCROUSS. No. 11:9, LONG ACRE, LONDON. PHOPHIETOH. begs to interns the Nubility his Friends in general that he has now to offer to icalarnotlee above FIVE. THOUSAND YARDS sisoned FLOOR CLOTH, of the most fashionable and cut to any dimensions for rooms, balls. pai d stairs; and four times that quantity of very an tassels, Venetian, and Kicisietminster Carpeting. th Rugs and Druggets of every description, which it under very peculiar circutustances, and will be tle core than half price. Also, a few whole Pieces rcelicnt Floor Cloth for Exportation, SO yards by st 4s. V. per square yard. the Warehouse for having Henrth Rtl4l made to particular pattern of Carpeting at a few hours Wit(' E DENTIFILICE, uni Ily ae. Pwledeed to be the ninst elegant and efficacious pre ill.fit rto nsed as a TOOTH POWDER. It has the of whitening the teeth it an eminent degree. and ete an appearance of extreme elegance. It imme- As en and decompyses the tarter, bat on the en 11$ no 'cline whatever. 'fits nits been derided by pediment, and is the prin-fimi merit to which the lays chiles for his preparation. Being pertertlY data sot se ilOirononth. and is particularly leasant The Wbitglifinti(rier is prepared only by J. FA it '"l e l- 1 1 'rea1. flit. Aentiee'r- ay u a re. •e i Ni t: :regit% ftjarimilog tit* pup, (or illflaatly Ih ut d" i veer beverage, the Ellorvesecnt • le, is preps . al. . TOOTH- .11 1 1 CI EAR-ACHE. Ityli Ems - ' has Terrier.' the seer s and 4, ltport orthe most distinguished . personares acilom, to.cther with the united teoi.nony of 1t... ale ins in Europe. and metro's i favouratile coin ' highly respectable Me Heal Joe rlitill, W I:Vf t it i.lll Ared to he the .• Seta THING area OD , COVISHAD C ToOTll•Atilt AND ZAR-Ach lc" II 1104talllan 0- rlie. es hie DAM eacrutiatio c pain, pus , • ses the on/ nil firm, prevents further eecay, er. c ually t score), in t4e Gums. Osumi; loose 'real, and now Ares and 'enterable to tbt latest period. add iv prevents the Tooth-actie. ie nettles, et Is. q.t. and 211. Dl. by Butler .i • Clic. 1 0. 4. Cheap%ide, St. Paul's, RV. Rove'. •Stro:tv Argyle ii , cims.) London ; 2tJ, Water,ou Pia.'. '4"L. 9 " 31. hackvilie-street. Dubin; and by icii Li Medicine Venders thrcinatiutit the Coiled u. " The Crum fir which HAMPDIIN All is the Fifift, 044 syDNET Ji s l „ eh , &g rad r INVIINTRD PATIINT GUNS ts load at L. 11 the Br hi.—Nobles and Gentlemen en respoetfal ly lathed to Inspect the above limeades, whir& for safety, simplicity, and facility in loading, will be foued impeder to any proditetion of the Mad yet offered to the Public. By this invention the rapidity of ismelsi ant arias a Fowling pleas or Rile, is Mohamed In $. proportioa of et least three to oae. Illaseasserai by A. Y. BIVBN, Onemaker, No. lb, Rogeot-etrelli. Sir 11. W. RI DLRY thought the takiag of of • tax would be as beneficial if proposed by any Member, as it west, be if proposed by the Right Hots. Gentleman.— The tat ea salt would have a considerable effect en these engaged is the manufacturing of glass bottles. They woold hive to pay 51. a too for their alkali, leaved of Ale. ea heretofore. Sir HUSSt!i VIVIAN said, be thought a Mal re- 1 peal of the tax was most desirable ; but be had no wish ti disturb the general satisfaction which prevailed is the House when the Right Hon. Gent. brought the sale jest forward; and he hail therefore abstained from re marking epee it. Mr. BRIGHT spoke is favour of the total repoiL— He was satisfied the repeal would not affect the Rowe- Imo ; and he therefore hoped the Hon. Member, (Mr. D. Gilbert), would be induced to vote for the repeal, even though it should be proposed from his (Sir. IL's) We of the House. Lord A. HAMILTON said, that when the (MU CM. regularly before the •Isouse, he should be prepared to thew the affect of the Tax upon Scotland. Ho under. stood that that part of the country was not to be be oefitted by the repeal, thouali it would is it. wow qnences be injurious to Scotland. He looked at the ques- tion as one effecting the general welfare of the empire. —(Hear, hear.) TheCHANCELLOR of the RXCHEQUER said, it was his intention to propose a clause exempting Scotch salt from the duty. At the Tax would fall heavily open Ireland, he purposed also proposing a measure fir the relief of that part of the kingdom. Upon the question respecting the fisherits, he confessed he bad not yet been able to maim up his mind. It was an important sebjeet ; and he was not vet prepared to give ape° coosiderable a portion of the Revenue as that arising from Salt eon slanted in the fisheries. He thought, however, that these points of detail should be reserved until t he vacation came before the hoes* in a regular shape. Mr. CALCRAFT agreed that the diseassios should net be anticipated ; but it was an advantage for the Rt. Hon. Gentleman to hear the sentiments of those whose local situations gave them opportunities of jodgiagof the effect of the Tax. It was evident that the more the Right Hon. Gentleman proceeded in his measure, retaining a part of the duties, Ike more he was surrounded by di& caltv. The retentloh of the Tax was in fact patting a new Tax upon another class of the people. It would be bettor to give up the paltry remnant of the Tax; and he trusted the Right Hon. tleatleman would nail' himself the credit of doing so before the end of the Session. He (Mr. C.) understood from the Salt Shippers of Liverpool, that it woald be impossible for them to collect their debts from the retail dealers if the Tax were retained. Mr. HUME said the bleachers. who were mach In terested in this tax, would not be able to carryon their trade, if the tax were continued in the shape proposed by the Right Hon. Gemalemen. Mr. WODBHOUSE said that the present tax was in all respects a new tax. He implored the Right Hon. Gent. to remit the tax altogether, end!be might be assured that his doing so woeld be considered the most accept able boon he could offer to the people. Sir JOHN NEWPORT said the reeinaut of the tax would operate as se addidonal burden upon Ire land. Mr. PARIMILIG/IT suggested &lathe repeal Liisiter Tax should ese suspended for the present. a that the whole of the Salt Tax should be taken of Mr. C. HUTCHINSON assured the Right Hoooara hie Gentleman he had received communications from Ire- land expressing the greatest alarm at the tax as it was now proposed to retain it. He trusted the Right Hon. Oeetleman would give it up. Sir I. COFFIN said, the fishermen would by this tax be deprived of the means of living altogether. He hoped the Right Hon. Gentleman mould not forget that the fish eries were the nurseries for British seamen, who had se often deserved and received the thanks of the country. Mr. CURWEN trusted the Right Hon. Gentleman would not persevere and force the house to compel him to give up the tax. Mr. W. SMITH said, that the fisheries bad long been a losing trade in consequence of the heavy pressure of this tax. The proposed drawback on exportation would be of no assistance to them, for they could not defray the expence attending the tax u it affected home con sumption. Mr. T. WILSON was notone of those who thought the salt tax should be wholly taken off, unless measures were suggested for making op the deficiency in the revenue which such a measure would occasion. _ _ _ BURGESS'S NEW SAUCE for geaeral purposes, hiring given nett great approbation. anti the demo/ for it continuing to Increase. JOIN BURGEISS pd SON beg most reipertfully to allipr this their bait eslowsw lodgments to the Mile for tie* yetresegas at the same; Its utility sad great eeeveeliteee 1a aSeSIIIIOII4. .bas reseammooded the neat dlsllagelsbed Melo eessweloes, The bare all wiles IssaleresenoweAMlgs.—lt is rse by thaw wear t led osr preveadeg lleogpsietoset to flise, all posslblo twee beibese syseibid es by UM: bottle beteg emoted epee tbe seat with *dr Sea wad ed. dress, as wail es mull Jabot haelag thole slisetere, whitest wide') it eegeggieemeseiss. 301111111.1111111111141 SOTS long estiddlibsd sid sob mewled RIMIENCIS of ANCIIOVIEO eeelleeas to be re paird by this after the sane wanner lbst bits gives the greatest sallelltetlee for away years. • Ntfareboase, 107, STRAND; 00tRif of the Savorslispa, Loadims. W IR.) (TV. ORIGINAL INPHRIAL PAILIAMS,Nr. INIOVSE OF LORDS.—Tessimv. Joss It. The LORD CHANCELLOR ?repeated a Petition from Sudbury stalest the Catholic Peen' Bill.—Laid on the table. Lord CARRINGTON promoted • Petition from Chipping Wycombe. in the cossty to of Rockingham, pray ing r the revision of the Criltinal Code . — Ltd on the tale. Yaw nit.'. Mr. BROGDZX and 'theta brought up from the GM moss the Aansitles Memorial Bill, the Colonial Teed, BEL aad the American Trade Bill, which were read a The Earl of SHAFTESBURY, is the abuses of his Eoble ['need (the Berl of Liverpool), gave **dm that it was the intrudes of that Noble Earl to move the se ated reading of the Colmial tad American Trade Bilk on Monday seat. Hie Lordship then postponed the se cond reading of the Ms amascted with the Navigation Laws to that day. Sir 0. Htu. and others brought up a Message from the Commons, requesting that the Marquess of Down sums he allowed to aimed their Committee now suing the trade of hilted. The LORD CHANCELLOR replied that their Lord shi_Es would send an stayer by Messengers of their own. The question was the* pat that the Marquess of Dowseuitshe allowed to attend, and leave was granted. Viscount SIDMOUTH presented a Petition from the Borough of Devises against the Catholic Peers' Bill.— Laid on the table.—Adjearted. HOUSE OF COMMONS. ..car ntistssvc Mr. WESTERN mamma a Min his the Yam Ow aad Farmers of Rosford &pima ohs Am of 1819, he resamisg Cash Payments; aad anodise So the same diet hots Roehford.—Ordered to lie on the table, and :hp ',rioted. 4 Mr. WILLIAMS (of Liscola) presented a Potato* his several Inhabitants of that City, complaining of the %jury done to their trade by hawkers aad pedlars.— O►dered to lie on the table. -Lord STANLEY presented a Petition frees Eccles, Ilkilmlowashire. &pima the Licensiag Bill.—Ordered to tin oa the table. Mr. CREEVEY postpooed to the 27th lastest, his motion respecting the Ponies Act. He should, on that mansion, submit to the House a string of Resolatloos, one of which would refer to the pension granted to Lord Sidmouth. Sir JOHN NEWPORT moved for as Account of all Sams of Money received by public Officers in Ireland for Fees, on occasion of the death of his late, and the acces sion of his present Majesty.—Ordered. Mr. HUME moved for. a Return of the Lends and Hereditament" of his Majesty, in right of the Crows of Ireland, which have been sold under Acts of the Irish Parliament, authorising their sale; and of the appro. priation of the stuns received from these sales. Sir G. HILL said a few words; after which the mo tion was agreed to. Mr. HUME then moved for a Morn of the present income of the lands and hereditament' not sold. _ Sir 0. HILL thought the motion was too general and extensive. He had so objection to any particular re turn for any object in the contemplation of the Hon. Member. Sir J. NEWPORT thought the return moved for. woold be unnecessarily volnminons. Mr. HUME then withdrew his notice, and said he would consult wit► the Right Hoo. Ova. as to the best mode of obtaining the information necessary for his par ticular purpose. Sir J. NEWPORT brought up the Second Report of the Committee on Orand Jury Presentments; and said he should move for leave to bring in elfin on the subject to-morrow. The Report was reed cod ordered to be printed. FAL? TAX. Sir W. LESION presented a Petition from persons engaged in the Fish.curing Trade of Cornwall, complaining of thetas upon salt. They considered that the proposed modification of the present ditty would operate as a new taz. lie thought nothing but the total abandonment of the tax would be productive of any be nefit. Mr. RUMROLD supported the Petition. Sir It. FEIRIUSON said, that the statement of the Petitioners applied in every respect to the Fisheries of Scotland. They would be rinsed if the present Tax were persisted in. Mr. D. GILBERT also spoke in favonrof the Petition. He fully agreed that the distress occasioned by the tax was not of a 10C41 nature. He acknowledged the good which bad been done by his Majesty's Ministers in the way of reduction but he thought a partial reservation of the present Tax was impolitic soil oppressive. If, however, the Government thought it necessary to retails the Tie, he would oppose any motion for its reduction. —(Hear, hear, from the Opposition.)—He had no ob jection to repeat the sentiment cheered by the lion. Members. Ile should be happy to find the Tax repeal ed ; but he would not wish to have it repealed at the expense of public credit. Mr. TREMAYNE said, he had no doubt the Chan cellor of the Exchequer was not aware of the severity with which this Tax pressed upon the fisheries. One individual engaged in that branch of trade would have to pay ti,ooo/. for duties, is J y next. He saw no chance of relief bat in the total repeal of the tax. Mr. LESTER supported the prayer of the petition. Mr. V. FITZGERALD described the injanous conse quences which retaining the proposed amount of duty would have on the trade of Ireland, which was already so distressed that it could hardly sustain the burdens al ready imposed on it. He would be the last man to start unnecessary objections to the plans of his Right Hon. Friend, but in the present case he felt that he should fail in his duty if he were not to state that to the Chancellor of the Exchequer which he knew most speedily be press ed on his attention from other quarters. Sir R. FERGUSON .hewed that the duty proposed to attach to the Fisheries, though it would be felt ly by the parties, would contribute bet a very small sum to the revenue. The petition was then read and ordered to be printed. On the motion of Mr. BINNET, the recommittal of the Ale•hoeses Licenses Bill was postponed till to morrow. _ -- Mr. MANNING presented a petition from Brichtwell Hospital, axsinst the Prisons Consolidation Bill—Or dered to !icon the table, Mr. RUM BOLD presented a petition from the Catch. era and Curers of Herrings of Great Yarmouth, in the county of Norfolk, praying for the total repeal of the Salt duty.—Ordered to lie on the table. Mr. HUME presented a petition on the same subject, from certain Bleachers of Yarn, in the town and neigh bourhood of Arlmath. Mr. PHILLIPS animadverted on the conduct of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was so accustomed to impose hnrdens on the people, that be could not do a gracious thing towards the peo ple _ without coupling it with something ungracious. This he instanced in the course pursued by the Right Hon. Gentleman, when he introduced the hill respecting spoiled Stamps, which he made the vehicle for iasposing a heavy tax on the trans fer of agricultora property, and this was the way in which he had thought it right to show his regard fur the agricultural interest.—The petition was ordered to lie on the table. Sir A. bON presented a petition from the Skinners, Tanners, Carriers, and others concerned in the Leather Trade, in the county of Kelso, praying the repeal of the Leather Tax.—Ordered to lie on the table. CLOCK AND WATCM•MAKCKS. Mr. Alderman BRYDGES presented a petition from the Master, Wardens. and Fellowship of the art and mystery of Clock msking. The petitioners set forth that a very great lead• we. formerly carried on by the manu facturers of clocks and watches beta late years, from the amber of foreign clock, gad watc hes inti malty. their trade hod fellege/4 those it reduced to great distress, sad seamy be of pauperism. The retitiollefil now co provides* esiataioed in a hill lately ion authorised the warehousing if foreign and watch glum. as they were appreh. articles so warehboaed would either filNi the hems, or being altered in ap.farti to foreign markets as ardeles of British They therefore prayed that that part of tl they alluded might sot pass into a law. After a few wends Irons Mr. Thrampoo was brought up and reed . Mr. Alderman WOOD said. for tie las bad been in the habit of receiving repeat Distressed state of the aumerose elan sleeted with the watch sad clock trade. bialy bet all their foreign trade, sad it that Brill agaiast which they sow peal take.fedes them the keno market. to die they were Now rosette& Ho thought were fairly padded to ban their case ti &ration. Mr. WALLACE said, this was not the upon the saltiest of the pstitios. Whoa a contains* the p rope r opportunity was taking it taut sorwotratios. The pandas was ordered to lia es thus I sir F. BURDETT presented a pantos agricalturiata in the parish of Bradiag, I Wight, complaining of dimness which II the alteration of Oa carroacy. 2 -Ordered Mr. BIRCH preastai wpotition firm and other Ishabitanteorthe town of Not piaining of the ildStiell sustained by t Mock Aaadons sal travelling Pedlars— printed. CVIRINCY OP TOR cousTar. Mr. WESTERN, pursuant to the notice a had given, nee to perform • duty which he as *nerd great importance. He thought it rig thesis his opinion, the pretest calansitoul sit the comatry ought to beueribod to that gamut which his motion would be directed, and with big, under a* possible circumstances, would he that duty which he now took upon himself to ft felt that it would be necessary for him to drat on the attention of the house, and as be had ne l won nor wit to requite that attention, he MI himself on their indulgence, while be procee.ll before them the result of a very laborious lois minced and prosecuted with • sincere desire I the real troth. At the outset then, be took s self to arraign the wisdom, justice and policy measure, which bad bees adopted by the lie years ago—the measure under which the coo returned to the old standard of our currency. the authors of that measure there were men opinions be looked up with great deference. not mean to treat it as one which had been e: framed-b his Majesty's Insisters. He knew t with the concentric* of the most dist pureed Members of that House; and therefore, in brit • this e:411141 ye did not nesajAhaahrali sti "It: sad still lose did he mese to censor their opponents who bad given it the sanctio approbation. He considered their authority 1 great weights but still, as he could not regal of men as infallible, he must boll that it mss for them at times to be egregiously in error. I to which be Dow wished to direct the elliptic House, he was of opinion that at no period ha of Statesmen in this or in any other country col more fatal error than had been coMmitted by the the Act for returning to the ancient standard ofo ey. Whets be spoke thus be did not mean to col self merely to the Act of 1819, but be spol together with the concurrent measures of the mediately preceding. He had at the outset I the wisdom, policy, and justice of the tomtir felt justified in going further, and saying, tit all the present lamentable distress, and all th ties with which the country had to contend n ascribed. He did not deny that there wer stances which, without this, wool! press beavi eonntry. The taxation under which it law laws respecting British agriculture, and the pc were sufficient to cause a considerable pressuri the currency, but with these the (wintry ha and prospered, and with these it had still coo thrive and prosper but for the adoption of th ons and fatal measure, to which he now caller tention. He would undertake to prove that thi d severely on all classes with the except Fundholder and the annuitant. and if he fillet out this he would give up the subject altogei could also shew that the severe distress at p perieneed in Ireland was to be ascribed to this He begged to call the attention of the house t ral anti political effects of lowering or raising of money. He accordingly 'hewed the effe each operation mast produce on the situation son possessing WOOL per annum, whom he sill owe 5001. out of the 10001. and 'hewed that tion of the two citing s would go to strip h whole property.--(Hear, hear.) This, it shewn, was the cite, or nearly the case, in I of instances where mortgages had been a obligations contracted under the altered cu Though it was obviously desirable to avoid the value of money below the regular state this would not, morally speaking, produce the tent of injury, nor did it physically produce degree of evil, as raising it would not fail to cic latter case it affected all classes down to the m bearer. The difference between raising and the value of money ought never to have leit c contemplation of those who decided on givit standards by which the concerns of the colt been regulated for a quarter of a century. Tit, had enormously inc el all the burdens of I try. Though he did not wish to call the at , the house to an essay on the theory of money, necessary to suhruit to them some general pt.( to which he thought no one would object on functions, and nature of money. By all mode rities it was agreed that money wits only int; a medium of exchange and a measure of value. Adam Smith' it was sail to he valuable, as a instrument of commerce, but it formed no pa revenue of a State. One essential quality in to this, that it should be as invariable as possible. account the precious metals had been preferret common consent of mankind, but these were n from variations. The state of the mines bei or less protium tive, or the discovery of ne might cause their value to vary. Other calm affect their value, such as an increase, or off in the demand, or the adoption of substi then. As soon es a cre Hied currency had b blithest, as was the cape here, and in other pa world, as part of the aggregate currency, the I