The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1807-09-24 00:00:00

MALT. EIr,SICC (rota P: pets pressatel t,t the Hail af CallaOM, relatiag tot' &Was a Walt on tne.Fleti.de. Ain. s I lonses. St as--In obedience to your Honors' ci der of the 30th November, to report very folly on the facia ariong out of the evidence giv-n before a Coin miiiee at the Knipe of Como:rms. to whom the seve ral petitioos relative to the making of malt were re felted, tai slat-d in ton printed report which accom panied the said order; I hays 'manly to ouserve. that 1 ha veKe • n several year detached from the ,to yes ing nl malt, hit knottily me experience in tiv i r bosom of the 'avenue wasenisiderablo. having beer Sni veyor at Nochen and HaLlotk. and also in Suf folk. Hampshire. DetonO.i•e. in • • I.4neashire ; and officer in Watwirk. Woe•ter. old StAflordslairre, and at of these clices I was in th • habit of surveying vter. malt I have likewis , since re,:eiving your H..note order, employed my mind very closely os the ilthjee, and finally. having by order rat toe firmed •ssite • all the principal malting pil 'cgs to the North and Wrgr n' London. where th process of Mal' ieq f. carried on under a very differeci system of ptactsee ; II humbly think myself now ettahled to .peak very f u lly an d clearly on the case. an. I have humbly to submit thivfollowing report as theresult of the whol. of nay experience and inquiry. rehire is prohahly .so branch of revenue wherein such dissimilar pr letizes and discordant notions prevail as [.tat of malting, and this in a great de gree arises from the omission to trace the natural causes of the Cale up to its true source. Hence is that the two different modes of watering and not w a tering the corn upon the floors, appear in the evi dence to be supported by pudica' taa s , which a r e in dire.'[ opposition, and by a contruiety of opinion, whet) leaves mull of tSe operations of practice to a stAte et contradictory confusion. l'o appreciate il• • mai io of the.e, and to rescue the Cato nu: of that svithArii:ty wiih which it appears suirounded in the rimed Report of the evidence, I huoiloy conceive it will be proper to go pretty distinctly into the theoretical and philosophical principles of the subjee John Reynoldson, Esq. one of the agents for the watering party, is the only person who has altempt• ed an explanation of the mineral philosophy of indoor. tut his account, I humbly think, is ton defective in science, and ton a:missed in itself, i s aff just and satiifaeory conception of the case ; and, without At all intending any impeach ment o• his veracity, there doustless are several parts of Ida evidence which do exit hit very apparent sympt 'me of leaning wit': no inconsiderahie bias to that side of the question Ochich he appeared so solicitous to support. Nevertheless he has made two or three very strong cnooessions to the oppo site party. desk; mg the: restrictions against 'watering on the . Altos have no stronger advocate • than himself; and that he WC convinced & judicious lint[sti,.o of diste wiruld &pirate to Increase the vain • .st milt tea recent. throughout the king. dqm. and in another Sas:* be :adores his belief. that, consider if icientilicially. malting and brewing are vet its a sta•e If infant' , 'fine itelouss,,a which olr. Ray: oldsisa's evidence appeals to have made on the L matittat. was pece. bably much tai led by Om appeal-does of scientific research, with which et was a, companted ; but, as I humbly ihiok, his poilo.ophical views of the subject are neither sufficiently founded in nature or the real ciicomstiocei of the ca.*, and conceiving that corre.l and comprehensive knowledge of that part ;utter. of mai ing, wherein nature is so • large -.rot-r'ously employed, is the only true foundation for reasoning on the subject ; I will begin by stating what I consider as the true THKORY or MALTING. The interior of a barley grain consists of two dis• tine parts. a m hure germ, destined to elongate into the future plant, and a portion of farinaceous and mucilaginous matter, stdred up expressly for its future conversion into saccharine, as the pabulum of thelferrn in the earliest stage of ifs vegetative exist. MCC The germ itself consists of two very different . parts. the plumula (acrospire in malting) and the radicle or root, both are united at the same end of the grain ; but in germinating, the radicle very soon pierces the husk, and separating into several fibres, eloogatesdownards. while the acrospire, but much more slowly, advances though the body of the rain, and piercing the opposite end, soon shoots up into a green blade, leaving the hu.k of tile corn empty, and perfectly exhausted of its former con ts cis. The radicle is much more rapid in its formation and growth than the acrospire, because, as it is des tined to prepare and transmit to the stem nearly all . its psbula. it isnecessary that it should be sufficiently matured to perform this office by toe time the acros pire bas consumed the store which provident nature had laid up for it iw ebograin. Their is no difficulty in comprehending the first dawning' of vegetative life is the germination of barley ; the grata, placed tinder favourable circum stances of moisture and warnals, imbibes both, and slugs much t the radicle lying mares: to the exte rior. is the most susceptible of these, it swells most and first, and ord. r its new combination of moisture *Noires an attrainion for the oxygen of the Annus. phere. The oxygen, as it becomes fixed, produces two powerful effects, it give. op that portion of latent beat which held it in te gaseous state, and by its lianas eaters into a new cosoianatun with the farina of the grain, convertvag it into an made, or in other words into &saccharine. The stem put of the germ, previously swelled by the moisture, and sow invigorated by the heat produced from the fixation of the oxygen, acquires an attratiiun, lot the newly-formed saecnaiiiie as simulates to itself. and in the ehenncal atom of amps which ensues. vegetative life is devil •ped. hoc( simply is the natural process of Manny species cf seed, though bare sestricted M barley ; and it is important to reniark, that the beat arising frum the fixation of this oxygen is the •-• the couch, and * • dig. rent de ig-floors. ant elation of this ut the menu- tlie grais is slow and progressive as the actospire requires it, and hence it may easily be eoncrived that between it. first fbrmation and final consumption, there must 6 • a period of tune when the largest proportion abounds in the grain, and this is the proper time for throwing the corn upon the kiln. sir. keynoldson, in his evidence, states that the saccharine previously exists in the barley, and that the process of malting only developer a substance which was already present in the grain ; but this, like several ocher of his philosophical as.ertioits, so c mtiary to the natural fad as obvious/I to refute itself. The chemical and natural eh traeiers of milt differ sn essentially from those ot . bar!ey. Ai Cle.it IT to prove that there has been not a mere develniie. mrnt of a ming present, but an entire c iangr. of the original substance into another. PRACTICE oF NfALTING Malting then is nothing more than the promotion of a healthy germination of the barley, tad to that period when the largest proportion ot saccharine has been formed, nor ClIl any thing be more ob vious, than that in a variety of modes to accom phi!' this, one must be superior to ail the rest, and that no: locally, but every where, because nature is every where the same. In every natural proce s, a varying of the means will necessarily produce a difference in the end, and in the two modes of milting, by watering on the floors, or omitting to Jo s o, there is so material a difference, not merely in the use or disuse of thewater, but in the time, management, and other circumstances, that the one cannot but be superior to the other in the qua lity of its respefliiie commodity. A single instance, I believe, cannot be produced of any natural process whatsoever, wherein nature permits the employment of two differ.nt means to produce precisely the same end. The application of ,ais to toe question of malting will, l humbly pre sume, be sufficiently obvious, by wpa'ately con sidering the different branches of the case. same whit; first becomes sensible in the s' 'el - wards continues to thew itself in greet ant .ng.t the corn on the workini so the nice soljostment and due repel heat consists the most important part t ptletions of malting. tits incaution. et the saccharin* is THE RADICLE. This. is by much the most important ingan in ; without is root the grain will never ger minate, and worn too much, tile substance at the corn wit' be exhausted, and the malt on that ac count will be light and unproduCtive. Ints has :n7 nerto, I believe, either not heen sufficiently known or att mided to ; in thus, as 11 every ma r natural piocess, nature heiseit amts the best es i danation. —O.l the richest and best lands the roots uur oariey are short, and the plant large and strun i ; ; but o loose and poor soils the routs are and toe stem Midland weak. In the one case tiie root, hay.. ing readily tosthi what it was in stare. 7 or, stops ; but in the other, nature is cnmpeileit to ex h iend much ot the pabulum on the more ignoble part tat hes productsou. U.. we Ilsor of a asalt-bouse the grain is worse situated than on the loosest and poor est land, for it contains aosoitat all; and it permitted, the root there would ran out to sum: inches is length, and almost wh thy etianst the suostance ot she curd. Co prevent this is one of the principal objets in the mentalist:hue of malt, and hence too a just criterion is afforded tar witimating the merit ot different mahods at working; tor that method which will accomplish toe lull malting of the bailey, with the least possible root, is so tat unequivocally the best, because such malt will have expended the least portion of it,elf en an object *nu: ely unproductive. Now diem is perhaps no one circumstance wherein the Hertford shire nie.knd ot malting differs so distiudly from the watering system, as in its short and comparatively small radicle. 'Chit may be very clearly colleted from leanyparts of the evideace.forthe watering party even seem to have made a merit of it, by endeavouring to shew that their own steepings, from the larger quantity of root which they contained, approached and even ran into door charges far beyond the Hertfordshire steepings ; and they thence endea voured to infer that a larger opening was left in the latter for fraud, by the introduelien and mixing of elm privately steeped. It is indeed certainly true ' that the Hertfordshire mode of working gives the fluor gauges low, and the other high ; but with this the question of fraud has very little to do, for mixing is seldom, it ever, praltised in whole floors; but the short and small radicle of the one, and long bushy toot of the other, am decisive charaderistics which are admitted by themselves, and which would, in my humble judgment, stamp a decided superiority on the Hertfordshire malt. That the radicle is adually famed from the body of the barley is too obvious to require any proof, And indeed it is universally admitted to be so ; and as it is afterwards burnt off on the kiln, and be comes mere waste, every particle of matter which it unnecessarily takes from the substance of the corn is just so much loss, and though this has not been at all adverted to in the inquiry belore the Comnsittee, it does in tad constitute one of the most important patio's& of the subjed, for it Asian) , is the expenditure of the substance of the barley on the root, by working it too much out, which is the chief cause why malt manufadured under the Wrung systems at watering the floors is lighter and less pro datti ve than the malt made by the Hertfordshire mode, without watering. THE AC ROSPI RE. In the malting trade a great diversity of opinion prevails as to how far the vegetation at the acros pire should be carried. 'Phis arises from a notion, very general anions maltsters, that just so far as the acrospire penetrates the grain, it becomes malted, and that the impenetrated part remains unchanged barley. I trust, however, that I shall soon shew there is nothing either of truth or nature in this no tion. The evidence of Messrs. King and Clough sufficiently establishes, that the best malt is made when the acrospite proceeds only two-thirds through the grain; and it is my present purpose to prove, that their opinion and pradsce ate supported by the natural reason of the case. I have already stated, that it is thexadicle which first acquires an attratlion for the oxygen of the at. mosphs re, communicating it progressively to the in terior substance of the barley, and forming by its fixation and union with the farina, the first 14cch4- rise, and that afterwards the plumula, or infant stem, requires an attraoltion for the newly-formed sa:cha;ine, and by its chemical action is pushed into vegetable life. . 'in this statement a solution is given of the ques tion of the aerospire, and the truth really is, that the radicle is the only natural organ which melts the holey. er in other words, oxidites the intelicir irobstante, sal forms the whale of the sacchnine, , while the acrospire is simply employed in feeding upon it, and from thence acquiring its growth and bulk. This obvious, and I trust just and natural dis tinSion in the offices which nature assigns to each of those different members of the plant, sufficiently explains woy the bailey miy be, and aftually is, perteCtly milted by the Hertfordshire method, though the acrospire has proceeded only two-thirds through the grain; because in the more slow and natural growth of the acrospire, the root has had time to malt the interior substance beyond it, and even to the es rens... end of the corn, whereas in the ni unnatural forcing of the watering mode, the acrospire is driven forward as rapidly, though without having any immediate connexion with the osydation ; and ocius an ac , :idental occurrence has been erroneously mounted up into a cause. It is mistrial to remark, that in brewing, the acrospire is insoluble, and always appears so among the spent ' grains, hence the lager it grows, the more it con tributes to waste. The preceding accnuqt of the radide and acro spire so tar simplifies the question of malting. as to concentrate it to this limited lute, {hat that mosil of working will necessarily be the best whic:i can ac complish the full malting of the barley with the smallest radicle and acrospire ; for both, as 1 have already .hewn, are supported irons the interior sub stance, and just in proportion as they are advanced in hulk, that portion of the malt which yields the fermentative extras will be diminished. On page 40 of the printed evidence, Mr. Delafield stattc, that h.• has found malt, made by sprink ling, to yield from 15 to '2O pounds weight in four hu,hels less th in an equal quantity of malt which had ii it b, en watered ; and on page 43, Mr. Mar tirrena declar. s, that sprinkled malt,affords only 61 pounds of extract, when a like quan•iry of nowt tered malt gave as high as Mr put:nds ; other pas-- sages of the evidence also prove, that watered malt is lighter, and, on the: ac-ount,:c.s 7roduelive than the clertfoidshire malt; buc 1.0 explanation of the immediate cause of so material a ditfelei.cz I. any where attempted here; however. I would hurally summit the true cause to he in the c.imparative smallness bash of t.se root and acrospire io the Fleet r .rdshire malt, whereby less of the suostance of tie grain I, consumed, aid that it is the long and bunchy root aid 1 age acrosinre of watered matt mat lender it so 'opt and unproductive. TKMPERAI UAL OF THE FLOURS IN MALTING. There is no one circuinsiance in the manutattur , lag of good malt that merits so constant and careful , an attention to the working floors, as this tempera ture. Theis is a certain maximum of heat mat is , the hest adapted to malting, and with which the vegetation will promd is tie safest an! most natu ral carder; either above or below this temperature is ait sadvantage. ►ut an eleess and Lluauation of heat are highly injurious in a malt-house. In what-- ewer way the floors are worked, the temperance will continue to rise in proportion to the time they lie undisturbed, and the only method of checking the rise is by turning them. Mamie is the remote cause of all heat in Vega. table substances. heaped together, and containing a farinaceous or starchy matter. This matter passes into a state of fermentation, enemas oaygen from the atmosphere, which. in it; fixation, parts with the latent heat it was before combined with, and this accumulating in the heap, will frequently rise to in dairmation. The beat of a dunghill, moist hay rick, wet barley, and all other shutter heaps of wet vegetable matter. originate in one and use same natural cause. Is floors of malt the heat is always in proportion to the quantum of moisture and re pose of the floor. The chief ebjedk in a well-regulated malt.hoase is not only to preserve the Yours in one equable state of temperature from the cistern to the kiln, but more especially to preserve every part of the same floor in an equal warmth. A departure from this produces an unequal vegetation. In the Hert fordshire method ot working. as there never is any increase of moisture after the corn leaves the cistern, an equable and steady temperature in both of the preceding Cases can be preserved with much cer tainty ; but under the practice of watering the floors it is not piaeticable to maintain the same equal degrei. of temperature either in the progress of the floors to Cie kiln, er in the different parts of the same floor, and the consequence is, that a toned, a fluetuatiog, and an unequal vegetation, is induced in the same steeping, and the malt thereby becomes greatly injured. It is beat in the first instance that dissipates the water which the grain had imbibed in the cistern, and renders subsequent watering ne cessary. The doors cannot be heated without an expenditure of moisture. for the warmth sweats tne water out dale corn, and when the door is turned, the moisture on the husk flies off by evaporation; hence, though the water is at first the cause of the beat, the heat again renders more water indispen ' sable. The flaws in Henfordshire are never wa tered, simply because they are never heated ; and it is the cool state is which they are kept in the early stage of malting that preserves the original moisture, and induces that slue and natural vegeta tion so necessary to prevent the substance ot the ' grain from being run out. Mr. Reynoldson, in his evidence, states that the water imbibed in the cistern is employed in forming the root, and that the root afterwards us employe) la supplying the grain, and hence he infers that ',este water is neress try on the floors. This description is tolerably just, when applied to the watering prac tice, but by no means so in that of the I terttoi dshire. In the former, the cistern water, as I have ahead; stated, is nearly all expended in tie fir,t five or six days. by the employment of heat to drive out a ra pid vegetation of the rout, but in tLic latter, seven or eight days are employed to veietAte a lea. root. It is in this that the .wo practices differ must from each other. Mr. Reynol.t,on also states, that the water re ceived i n to the grain becomes decompose!, acid after such decompootion,eaudes from grain 111 a state unfit for vegetation, and hence be 441413 inters the • fly of fresh water by sprinkling. This II Another of that gentleman's unpliilosophical asser tions which is without foundation ; in the chemicA. An4lysil oh water, only two produds are obLained, viz. hydrrigen and oxygen; and there, when sip., rated, have miter yet appeart-1 in any other form than that apse.. Tr:• dwomp;,ed water 0! Mr Circe is th. , ! Paster/4 Spen4ll schooner letter of maretv, cd t o guts, And 0 setniJeom Ltilbna , b urui to Afmrica, cAptured by the Nare,ssas frt. g.tte ; Dins gslhor Vries, Burlin, detained by the Anriliyet ; rud eie Drili‘h brig Hiaavunii, da tellied by the Seel/de. LM CLLNLLS. SLPT. 11. Sailed from the core, this morning. His Ma jesty's ship Grouter, with the trade under convoy, for the Baltic, with a fine breeze at S.W. IMATISItfORD, It !PT 19 Yesterday morning the lictart, pocket, Capt Stephings. arrived here from ; she board the remains of the Lady of the Archbishop of loam. _______......... m . :7,-7—:••••••,.... 7 ,-.,,,,,,,,.... p ,,,„,„, Reynoldson is nothing more OM 16 pope wat t , imbibed in the cistern. mid injoistlaosly *maw ON On the surface o. oho vein. andMtuhceh aigseastdofirnthUlinnepailistill4llo.ll4l:ww.antabolltimmtingimillitprztee74: .. watering the core no this I have, however, much-mom •ag the c.,r,. trary. Flint is allowed In ' fry ; .original t h. a , L.. iiginal substance of die me e ar 4491611101 in the malt is thetelov* -: It esast o ei of little hard knob. • . . ....... J ..... .1 . A., , tido al insoluble, and so f . ~ . natural cause, I a . A 6, the heat improper! _ f la la . ~ especially of waterer/ t ri the glwinnus mucila g s,.. 11, to rais ime a II clammy substance, so pl , ing part of the farina, a lupe tie 7 working floors and of rd ou 'be into that substance ea •iu the. 2 . 4 N heating the young I ware is a .. - 4 1 i i the watering party, and Milk - 4 ; tord,hire from the see. it is . , ... sorely reasonable to c• • r system, amongst its other ' d m = source of flinty malt. (To be ' ~) . .. . NAVAL INTN 16.111101 r. 1 to Ob i 011ie n. S ba This afternoon the ron!, ' gess , as t i,wi rAlt from the Mediterranean ; t h e being to AI Westward, and a lee tide, sh e ' am go Mille I Mother Bank, hut brought to at ypane( Spithead. The Custom-House co l le t it alongside. and will bring ashore any dispatchm she may bay. brought. in the clime of the evening. I Sailed the Sprightfy cutter, fur the Downs, wi t h r a convoy. A Sir Isaac Coffin has shifted his lag to Spithead s a on board the Roost Willits, Admiral Montage. being away on leave, eivrecorrn, seer. 21. Arrived His M(ksty's ship /Mende, I It) guar, Capt. Corm, from the Channel Fleet, and the H. tad sloop, 14 gain. Capt. Ditkes, after a cruise of a it weeks off lt•Asefort ; Arr..•:..1 Also a Spanis't a pi ivatm brig, pwrcecl for IS guns, IA only mount. i fed, a ler z to tl.e Pinning, frigate. Came i:i the Pastwria Spaniji schooner litter of =tram., of I 0 go , i,, And 4 . ..3 01 - flgrfonl Balm. b and 1,. A ~,,I, A, , ,,. r;e, , l I•.tre.rl Ist• 0,.. /—.......... I.: FROM LLoYD'S LIST. Oa n , Sarr . gg —vamect by the Mary, Webatv, from Archangel; said the Emanuel, Lorange, (me Namely baled—the Ilan net and Martha, Twy,rws, tor the Cape Mt Verty; Robert, ropplewell ; and the Flanders, Mete.sell, 4 ,a Riga; Atlmia, Raton, for Revel; Ifog.lant, flearne; Led, Smith; Mesmer., Nrcholls ; and the Syedwall, hymit, furl' terebvret. •lll,cs. At Southampton—the Aioloo, Highborn'. (ma Petersbaryih. A t verpreol--the Favourite Sally,nrowo,, do. ; and the bust, Wright, Imo Rip. At Cork—tlie Pedesia, —, From Lisbon ; sod the Hop► well, Williams, from Luinloii. At Sievaruaall.—ilse Unlatch, Holland, frost Limpool. CORN-f XCIid.NGA, Siertmega 23. There are 03t many fresh imports of lifbest tins day, but a tolerable supply at hand, waiting the a•rirals of new, causes but slow nu:cusses to be made at the present prices. barley and \ills support last currency ; Wode FM/ Weems*. buss ad each descrycon arc rather lower. Craw are le siddliug supply, fully equal to the demand, and this trade is sionotrwlsat clisaper In Flour but little vr.:ation—fine American from 31s. to ads per barrel. CURRENT PRICE OF GRAIN. Whest 45*. 5%. 65a. Tick Segos .... 41% 411 i N. Pine 71. Od 0at5..... 01. lye (N.w) e t:6 445. Od. Poland. s4* S% Rule, Slls 44s Od. Potato, ditt0...... 375. N. bta,t 68. 75t. Cd Rape Seed 151.171 White Peas.. Ilo*. 1341 Di. I Fine Flout 555. 583 66.. Grey Peas 5Ss 64.. ad. Seconds DO* 553.04 bolus Mk. 57. Od COAL-MARKET, Sam 43. Ships at Market. Sul4. Price. 13 ..I.4awca+tle I ..Sunderisnd .... 0 O.l a Od 1 ..Stone Coal U Od a—a tid ..Cmden. 0 Od a —s Od PRICE OF STOCKS, YESTERDAY. 3 per Cont. Consols itti N f 3 per Cont. Nary O Imp. • per Cent .... . .. . Yak Ditto Annuities Oinniunt for payment India Bonds . par I die. Exelteqoor Rills I loom. I die. Regli•h Lottery Tickets Cons.,ll for T. NISH, Sturloarnket. No. 4, Coraltill. aad 9, ettating-Cry.. MARRIAGES. WhaMarried,nf the Inner Temple. t 0. , fr0?,7,1E Whatnot Married,R.,. Dr. MNT•lur, Cotrilltate, 1.• v.? .terslt.re, In Seine Anne, wily dinghies. of the late Rev. Fill:KIWI Adams. ieMor of 11111-osts, Aeot. Kinsale, he the Rey 'Thomas Urn& Itosisiier,Eni 1.1,0411130 t in the trt.yaiTy Mae to Sf I L 1 ,1.6114.0. I or the late Ruiph L,aureition. Quo n'sEbuutT, koq. end S.stee to Vlfdliao Frank% of Carrick, Esq. X3l YIP- an. 164 s afs 6d. 375. 61. .!31.271 se;. .1111: 563. W. Cr. l. 551 3d 6 - dod - fid ft —s Od Y. . 6 tlll 9 6 14 T 66! 11.16 141101• r I did. . 1 dis. 6: 4. He. 6. 6211 r ? ernple.i Or , 4 ce.tertlt.re, urbert Adler. la J , 94. Gab n i. 4: la, to Sf I e n'st-buatT, .. q . letter al:ket• fu of Benet cuts Cl FlallBl, k sill 4ewson, Lol , II ill be " unscrew len- MI IN. lihl p after ... • • 6 th se:=G — lst 14 Ir. Vogt Japed at I , r I. Sar:nd. Lor.g• A (1"" k ; r... - F:AlliS. the ['rotas last, at I.intno, the Rev. E. Fishier, Teeter Des• ford St. listen, Caosbrulgeshire, foment, Fellow u( b•ne't Ng!, in "'home gift II she above 1;s4 1 1. I. .t.-Iv, asPeterhorough„ aged Se, 140%011111115 Fisher, hintlw is rho SighOp of Exeter. lately, at C•srk, after ■ paittfal illness of 3 weakt daratios. win.•ii be bore *kb wrignation and piety, Mr.. Newtons, I L. , 1 of John G. Newsom, Esq. of Cole. Nor loss • ill be ser , r - 1 felt by her tz rally, and is deeply regretted by bee numerous rein' tires and aeluaiota HIGH wATt..k. THIS Dl'l, A r Main.... 18m.n. after . 61 Even.. 57 irvn altar ...••6 LusuuN.—r 11 , ? G DAVIDSON. Nu 1 1 . U"" c.ourt, lisw.treet, Covont.gerAtn, sod poblowd at Iris Office. N. IS,t Sack of St Clement's Choral, W STUCK, of No. 7, New Be.ton-ftwei, Los g.A 0-dere, Se. Um this Paper, toot to as lilfbct, (poet 1.71 1 . Ul.l bedo4 attended W. 4.