The Statesman. — London, England, 1812-01-08 00:00:00

THE STATESMAN. d o what in as lay to reconcile their irritated feelinge s lsien c remarked, and must now, with mach additional and to render them truly our allies, in feeling and in care, repeat, if such a punishment was suffered to interest In the Speech, which he must again consi- exist, we could not complain of being called—a flog der as the Speech of the Right Hon. Gentleman op- I god nation ! No exertions of his, the Honourable l osite, there were several other omissions, and there Baronet pledged himself, should be wanting to wipe were observations which would receive the sanction off this stigma from the country. Some people were of that House, if, as they were supposed to be, they pleased to say, that this was a punishment which were really the representatives of the people. could not be entirely dispensed with, and that it was The SPEAKER here called the lion. Baronet to only inflicted in a few instances. Let the offences, order, this net being language in which the House however, for which it was to be inflicted, be defined, O ught to be addressed. so that it might not be an arbitrary punishment ; or Sir F.BURDETT declared, that nothing couldgive let a substitute, whatever it might be, be found for him greater pleasure than to be called to order on it : Officers were exempt from such a punishment ; such a subject ; because he was now from thence to I and why should the soldier be exposed to it. This understand that it was to insult the House to say, was another complain under the, head of grievances that they were not the Representatives of the Peo- to which he wished to call the Prince Regent's atten vie. If this doctrine had been held precious to the tion. Amongst other grievances, to which he felt it year 1808, he (Sir F. Burdett) should not have been to be his duty now to call the attention of the House, much surprised • but really, after what he had a n d of th e rriuce Regent, was one which operated then heard within t he ' walls of that House ; after it both in the nature of a tax, and of a grievance and was not only boldly asserted, and offered to be imposition on the liberty of the subject. A power vroved, that seats were, publicly bought and sold in had been lodeed of late years in the Attorney open day ; when this was not only not denied, but General, by which the law of the land was set aside ; 'Ministers even admitted the fact and justified the ,and he was invested with an authority of filing cri traffic, on the ground of its notoriety, and being of , minal informatians, as they are technically called. every day's practice, he should have expected that This was a power of a novel and most dangerous such delicacy of expression as that which it seemed kind—one wit* could not safely be for a moment to be supposed he ought, on the present occasion, to entrusted to any' man. The exercise of such a power, observe, would not have been insisted on ; and that could on no principle be reconciled to the ideas of the House would not have been otfrnded, though he law, of justice, or of common sense or feeling. It did not regard them as to all intents and purposes depended on the humour, caprice, or stomach of the therm repretrotatives of the nation at large.— ' person with whom the power was entrusted. It This defect in the representative system was one" wevildbe ebsortt to oteetst the illegality of -soo pro great object to which lie (sir F. Burdett) was anx- • ceedings. Nothing could be legatwhich was lot de ious to call the attention of the Prince Regent, after fined. How this power had been used, he should be should be free fro m the shackles with which he was net now in q ire. It was sufficient for him at present at present loaded, and which, as au encroachment on to say, that more informations of this kind had been the just prerogatives of the Throne, he (Sir F. B.) filed within the last two or three years than in all the was of opinion ought never to have been imposed.— period before, since the Revolution. It was impossible The Hou. Baronet looked forward with confidence not to see, that, in the exercise of this arbitrary dis to the period when his Royal Highness should be cretlon, great partiality must take place—that some freed from the fetters with which he was at present persons were called up forjudgment and others not. In bound, assured from the principles Otitis Royal High- one recent case, he alluded to that o f White, for a li nes*, and from those decl arations to which he had bel, even the Judge had gone the legth of anticipating pledged himself, that he would redress the complaints condemnation before the Jury had given their ver of the people in this important point, on which the diet. When the House saw these things—when they salvation of ate country in a great measure depended. saw that in virtue of these criminal informations many The Worthy Baronet had seen persons who stood up persons had in the most arbitrary and unjust manner in defence of an Absolute Government ; hE had seen been sent to distant jails, must they not be convinced others who preferred an Aristocracy ; and a third that the liberty of the press, one of the grandest bul party who would rather chuse a Democracy ; and ' warks of the freedom of these kingdoms, was in the he had perused well-written articles iu defence of utmost danger of being annihilated? When they saw each of these systems. But a man who would' the conductors of the press held to bail, time after recommend an Oligarchy--and that too not of time, at the pleasure of the person entrusted with great mete but of rotten borough-mongers—persons the power of filing these criminal informations, must not to he found in any other cou ntr y hut our own— the y not be surprized that the press was at all free ? was one whom he had never yet met with. That This the Worthy Baronet conceived was another was thed root of all the evils under which the country i great grievance ; and he felt surprized that the perms now groaned; and to this grand and fundamental ! sons connected with the press were not terrified into grievance he (Sir Francis Burdett) had felt it his duty complete silence, after the terrible examples they thus early to call the attention of the house, and of bad seen. Even in case of acquittal, the punish. the Prince Regent. But what had been the effects ment in the way of costs was severe. For though produced, by the system under which we now acted ? 'by law they would have been free from any farther Those Sings who had been persuaded to become : expence, in the event of the bill not being found, our Allies, had been compelled either to abdicate yeti by this mode .of proceeding by criminal in their Thrones, or to content themselves with scanty formation, they were obliged to give bail, to renew pittances of the dominions they had once possessed, it from to time, and to proceed till they Wantl and to bold even these at the will of their Conqueror. ed a verdict of acquittal: so much so, that the costs This bad not befallen one, /mean of oar /Wee; yet we 'of obtaining the verdict al acquittal ateouased of calmly looked on, calling ourselves wise and free, and theraselvee to a most severe punishment. From the did not think of changing a system from winch such Crown no costs could be obtained. He confessed he evils resulted. If we turned our eyes from the Conti. I saw no ground for any such rule ; but, if the Crown sent of Europe to the state of ourcountryat home, we I would carry on unjust prosecutions, particularly if would there see nothing consolitary, and which could , the Attetrntsy-General would file groundless ex officio relieve the gloom of the other part of the picture. We informations, he thought the party accused was well should there see taxation carried almost to an itnprac- I entitled to his costs. If such an Office,/ was at all mi neable height; we should see oppression on every cessary as an ex officio filer of informations, he was hand, aggravated to the unfortunate sufferers by pe- also of opinion that there was more, or at least equal, - culation, waste, and profusion, without bounds, and ' ground for making his art office for life, as that a unrepressed. We had heard, in former times, of Judge should be for life. Some of the sentences re the extortions of Empson and Dudley ; but these i cently imposed too, operated most unjustly ; as for were now hardly worth thinking of. Formerly it instance, in the case of White and Hart, where Hart had been thought, that even the enactments of an was sentenced to the same period of imprisonment Act of Parliament were ineffectual to justify extor- with White, although Hart was only the servant.— tion. Now, we had only to look to our surveyors There was this additional hardship too, in Hart's case, and our surchargers, and we would see that even to sas he undo-stood it—that he was even deprived the pay our taxes, burdensome as they must be felt, was ; use of small beer, and was confined to the common not sufficient. We had now Empsons and Dudley! , jail allowance of water. The Worthy Baronet cone in every district, and not only were we deprived of tended that the unnecessary severity of a Gezernment the right of Trial by Jury, but it was even-provided, never failed to produce the brutality of the people; by special Act of Parliament, that when a person and when that was produced, it would be found a never came before one of those physical tribunals, he was:Lining observation, that the conduct of the Govern denied the benefit of Counsel or Attorney, so that ment was at the bottom of it. The education of a' it became more advisable to acquiesce in an un- oration consisted not in teaching the people to read and just surcharge, than to seek redress by complaint. write,though those were advantages which he was far Then came another subject of complaint in the mill- from undervaluing, and which he heartily wished to see tary force of the country : and, as if it was not suf- afforded to all ; but still he must say, in them did ficieta that the military should be in possession of not consist the essential education of a people.—' the country, to our own soldiers were added a great These, indeed, were calculated to produce great ad number of foreign mercenaries, Germans and vantages, but the real education of a nation was others—as if England was incapable of her own produced and matured by the fairness , justice, and defence. If there was any thing more than another mildness of its government. By all the various requiring immediate redress, this was a thing grievances which he had enumerated, more particu levity d ee , ' v ing of tin s attruticm of iris Royal lady by extending the military character to all, and Highness. If we reverted to the time of Charles I. by the sufferings and burdens under which we la we should find, so jealous were our ancestors on boured, was this education greatly checked, if not this important point, that an Address was presented annihilated • and sympathy and feeling were almost to that Sovereign on the subject, in consequence of extinguished from the breasts of our oppressed cowl- Ins having 1000 foreign soldiers iu the kingdom, and try men. On these various topics he should move, in his pay. Really the feelings of Gentlemen were . That an humble Address be presented to- his Royal so altered, that one must almost be inclined to doubt I Highness the Prince Regeut. He had framed ids whether it was the same country. But even our own Address with all respect to the Illustrious Person to soldiers, it would seem, were not thought efficient whom it was meant to be presented ; and at the same unless they were transformed into foreigners in ap- timacmbracing every point which his own sense al pearance. Had the French taught the people of this , duty to his contituents, and to the country in general, country, or the Government at least, to believe that pointed out to him as essential. The great and imports:- German or oth e r foreign soldiers were more efficient ant point, he conceived to he, a full and fair repro than British soldiers, that we found it neCtitintry to sentation of the people in that House. To the want ef disguise our own soldiers, and to adopt the rough that full and fair representation of the people in Par: chin of the German instead of the smooth chin of an liament, he, with full confidence that his assertion: Englishman. Such folly he was almost ashamed to was correct s attributed the debt' of the hundreds of think of, and was satisfied more real advantage arose millions sterling with which we were now loaded; from the plain dress of the English cavalry than from and the numerous other calamities which bad been the cumbersome and useless accoutrements with which daily accumulating on the country. He was happy in imitatien of the dress of the Germans, they had, to think that his Royal Highness the Prince Regent been invested. There was another topic, however, had a short interval before he should be entirely connected with the military to which he was also happy freed from the shackles with which he war now load: to have this early opportunity of alluding, and that ed, during which he might have leisure t 4 reflect on was --the punishment of the lash--a subject which he the different topics to which he bad felt it his duty to r hoped to see discusselat length in an early period of allude in the Address, which he ndw held In his hands the Session. This wa at all times a question of the He had the fullest confidence in his Royal Hightmee, highest importance, but it was rendered so, now, in that they would receive his serious consideration ; an infinitely greater degree, In consequence of almost and, on a mind so constituted as that which his every man in England being forced to become in ' Royal Wgitness was known to possess, he enter: some respects a soldier. He had, on a former ores- Woad sot a doubt that the grievances of a fro`' snd suffering people could not fail of making an im pression corresponding with their weight and import ance; satisfied as he (Sir Francis Burdett) trusted his Royal Highness would be, that on a due atten tion to, and on the redressing of those grievances, depended the lasting glory of his Royal Highness's throne, and that of his family. " His ego gratiora dictu alia esse acio, and me Vera pro gratis loqui, etsi meow ingenium Noe moneret, uecessites cugit." The Worthy Baronet then read his proposed Ad dress, which Wag as follows: . " We, his Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Conine/us of the United Kingdom of Great Britaiii, in Par -1 ament assembled, return your Royal Highness. the bumble thanks of this House, for the most graciumi Speech delivered by the Lords Commissioners, by your Royal Highuess's tome band. is We assure your Royal Highness that we 'shall, without delay, take into our serious consideration all the 'natters to which your Royal Highisess has been pleased to direct our at. tentiun, and endeavour to adopt such measures as are best V calculated to meet the exigencies of She times. 4 4 But we should deem it a failure in oar - duty, were we, on 'this solemn occasion, to omit expressing to your Royal High ness the remedy, which, in our opinion, is called for by the evil already experienced, and by the dangers which appear to be impending. " We always hear with great satisfaction, though not with surprise, that our countrymen, whether by land or sea, main ' tain the character of their ancestors; hnt we cannot, at the same time, dismiss from oar miuda all consideration of the little effect with which their valour has been exerted. 0' We lament to we nothing, characteristic of that love of Freedom for which this nation has been so highly renowned in the world. In looking through the history of the last eighteen years of war, we find the valour and resources of our ' emeetegin 110 instance employed in the defeuce or restoration 'of ffessoition, ihioXsilloost eolleterstly is mideavours to prevent the oppressed from becoming free, or tweelotstage them into , slavery, to reharden the grasp of despotism, and to sharpen the lief-blunted fangs of persecution, so that the British flag, formerly the dread of tyranny, appears, through this long and disgraceful period, to have waved only in hostilities to the li berties and happiness of mankind. . " From a line of conduct so repugnant to justice, to the common sense, and common feeling of men, the natural re sults have ensued. In those distant regions, where ignorance mud feebleness have rendered the people an easy prey to suc cessive ueurpation, we have uniformly been conquerors, and in overturning one despotism, have fur the purposes uecessary for the maiateoance of cerruption at home, uniformly erected ' soother in its stead ; while iii all those countries, where Ines have obtiined a knowledge of their rights, curd have possessed courage to avenge themselves on their oppressors, we have found few sad treacherous friends, and many and implacable Cos. " The Sovereigns, our Allies, subdued not less by that abase of their power, %Stitch we have endeavoured to support, than by the arms of ilea'• and our enemy, have either been chives) from their thrones, or have abandoned their cause, anti dis. claimed our connection, as the only means of retaining even a woolly portion of their former dominions, so that after having stirred up, in hostility to freedom, almost every Sovereign of 'he Continent of Europe,af:erhating expeadeelliundreds of mil lions in the support of that formidable and unprincipled league, we were, at Ito, reduced to a contest alone with the Conqueror of lb it Continent, upon a spot, which we have only assisted to desolate and ravage, defending Sovereigns, who, not being able to rely on the ffoct lobs of their subjects:have sought their personal safety in abdication or flight. "To the regret of having seen the national resources ex hausted in the prosecution of measures, so fraught at once with wickedness and fully, we have not, however, to add the shame of having seen the people of this kiugdom voluntarily lend their aid to those measures--their sense of justice and love of freedom revolted at so inhuman a crusade, which at the outset they condemned, and against atrial many bad the virtue openly to protest, well knowing that a war in other countries against Freedom, was in reality a war against the People of England themselves To couuterart the effect of an opinion so obviously just, a system of terror was molted to, false eOsesne were Incited, spies and itifonewtsweraideedivemsetruee live tremens were revived, and new-bugled treasosa enacted, the safeguards of personal liberty were reniowed,furtresses, wi der the name of barracks, were established throughout the land, and the fame, and the person of every man, were placed at the absolute disposal of those who, calling themselves the servants of the King, were, in fact, the agents of that rapt. cious and haughty Oligarchy, who had long fattened on the miseries of the country, and who, in thr progress of the via ciples of Liberty, saw the seeds of a destruction of .their gotten power. " Under the operation of this system we have beheld meek that remained of our liberties wholly swept away ; we have seen practised, under the name of collecting a revenue, audio the guise of legal proceedings, acts of oppression and insult, which our forefathers would have perished rather then eli ding. The dwellings, the books, the most private recesses and concerns of Englishmen, once so sacred, now are expo sed to the intrusion and inquisitorial scrutiny of nev.viiere lees mercenary agents, appointed and removeable at the plea sure of the Crown. Financial rapacity breaks in between landlord and »neat, and in violation of every principle of property, the Crown is become co-proprietor, in every man's estate, having a prior claim upon his tenant; under the name of redeeming the land.tax, there is • general confiscation of landed property, while in the form' of a stamp duty, it seises the {bequests of the dead in their passage to the heists; SO that at last there is no man in England who can be said to be the owner or proprietor of any thing, the Government having assumed a controul and mastership over property of every description. "There was a time iu English History, when the exertions of an limpsuu and a Dooley, though under the sanction of an Act of Parliament, brought the principals to the block, and consigned their subaltern agents to public vengeance in the pillory. But now we have many Empsuns and Mtleys, in every county, ;visit, under the name of aerchargers, supervi sors, he. inflict aesercements and fines at their pl , the parties so amerced being denied not only an appeal to a Jury, but even the aid of Counsel or Attorney' to speak in their de fence before thou &cut Trihuoals, which, to the terror of the people, are established in every corner of the land. " Is net piroportiow le the James' of. these exertions have ape saga the inereitee ache military force, and the 111 Di - tipliesi ion of means calculated to,divest the soldier of all fel low.ferlinge with the citizen ' Cooped up is barracks and depots, !lowa for the must trifling vertices, he loses, by de grees, all regard for those rights of which be i s depri ved, all attachment for that Constitution out of the pale of which lie is placed, and becomes the passive and unconscious instrn tnent of tyrannical coercion, mistrustful Of the effect of Eug- - itsh feeling, which it seems to have been feared English sol diers rook{ still retain ; many thous in& of German and other foseign mercenaries have been introduced said placed on o u r military establishment, with privileges not possessed by the troops of our own country ; whole districts of England and . large portieres of the English army have been put under the c•mmand of German Office», and the more eff.vetually to estrange the people from the native soldiers, the latter have, in many instances, been compelled to assume a German garb ; the Militia, heretofore regarded as the sole coustitutional force of the country, upon the principle, that as men had most interest so they would be most stout in defending their pet's. ties and properties, the Militia having been luny perverted from its legitimate purpose, has at last, by the interchange of the English and Irish Militias, been converted, with reels:vet to the two countries, into the too convenient instrument of re ciprocal oppression; and especially with regard to Ire! .nd, where the Jest remonstrances and complaints of a generqw., a gallant, and 100 suffering people, have uniformly been m et with repulsion an d disdain " In the Institutime of the Local Militia, we behold all the severities of a military imwript imt, 'without its impartielits, sod without a chance of its rewards; and in the assumed pie. rogative of calling upon the people' to perform militety duty under that system of discipline which is now in practice, ere ace every mail in gugraad, when commanded to, tolee so arms in what is termed the defence of his country, liable to cape fleece the degradation suit torture of the lash. " flat a people formerly so prowl of their liberties would be silent ender such ao accumulation' °flipper-slime and *hat late commuoication of Wilmot feelings would not, in t'ic rr I pro dace *Wane, Was lb* Asa for uses an insolent an aadu- 4 rate Oligarcay to expect—therefore the Press, never the last to safer %then freedom is assailed, has become, in proportion to the augmentation of thew oppressions, more and more an object of j.ftlinasy and vengeance. Ana after having seen the use that has been made of the unconstitutional a.ssuciption of power of the Attorney-General to file Ea-Officio 'ammo:vines, to acco , e, to arraign, to amerce, to bold to bail, to ruin, or to pardon, whom sever he pleases; after having seen that h,s accuser, an Of ficer of the Crown, removable at its pleasure, has also the ' power of demanding a Jury', nut taken out of an impartial panne!, but selected ny another Officer of the Crown ; having seen a Jude, so eager to convict, as openly to anticipate guilt before hearing the evidence in defence; after having seen the sentences in cases of political libel, gradually become more and more severe, till they have far surpassed in severity thosa for , the greater part of felonies, including long imprisonment, heavy fines, banislinient to distant jails, and confinement in solitary cells, going to the almost certain ruin, and the probable death of the persecuted _parties ; having seen all this, add taking a view of the number of persons now suffering, we cannot, we con fess, see n,uch room for repeating the congratulation of our forefathers upon Use abolition of the cruel and accurs?d Court of Star Chamber, which did a ithout Jury, that which is now done by a Jurylchosea by au Officer of Lee Crown; an alteration which only serves to screen a corrupt politicA Judge irons his due share of public odium, and to deprive the victim of • hat public compawiou, which is always called forth in behalf of those who suffer from undisguised tyranny. " To particularize the fatal effects of this course of misrule, would, of it were possible, he uselne, they being too visible in the multiplied embarrassments and abject state of /he countr y , whether in its affairs at home or abroad • but, to the great cause of all these evils we cannot, without a ; shameful neglect of our duty, refrain from beseeching the attention of your Royal Hilh aess, who will at once perceive that we allude to the wdat of a real representation of the people in the Commons House of Parliament. With a fair representation the people are never in danger, because from whatever quarter they feel grievance ap proaching, here is their Court of Appeal, here their means of immediate redress: without such a representation the people can I never be safe ; they have no Court of Appeal, no friend in Go vernment, no means of redress or protection. " 70 the want of such a Representation, to the want of a House of Unmans emanating from the people's choice sod making their sentiments, we owe the eighteen years of war Craw, lest the example should &undue a Rlissaset corruption and abuies at home. • " To tie want of such a Representation We ewe the isainiant of millions of debt, which have debased our eurreacy, sapped. j the foundations of covenants, annihilated confidence, and added ass: - crimes to our already sanguinary criminal code. " To the waat of such a Fttpresentatioa we owe the unpu nished rapacity of prize courts; the ruin of commerce and ma ' nufacture • the collude* uumber of paupers, whose state, when contrasted with the luxury proceeding-from public money kt vished on placemen and pensioners, would be beyond human en. durance, without the overawing aspeef of military force. s• If any thing be yet wanting to work conviction of those truths, we-implore your Ria. al Highness to cast your eyes over the Continent of Europe. Not a Sovereign has there been de throned--not a State has there been overthrown, where the way of the Conqueror was not paved by corruption in the Govern ment, and by the tyranny which corruption never falls sooner or later to call to its support. " And when we see the same causes at work amongst our selves—when w e hear the wont sort of corruption not only not denied, but unblushingly avowed and vindicated, upon the ground of its being as notorious as the sun at noon-day, it were presumption unparalleled to hope that similar effects will not foliose. 14 To put an end, therefore, to comiption and abuses, by a Constitutional Reformation of the Commora House of Parlia ment, appears to us to be the only means of reconciling nun to their Garernmen , , of rekindling their zeal, of invigorating their exertions, and of ensuring the independence of the country, and the safety and statility of the throne." Lord COCHRANE rose, and seconded the Ad dress of the Honourable Baronet. He perfectly concurred with his Hon. Fiiend in all the sentiments which that Address expressed, and more especially in that part of it which related to the progress of the war in the Peninsula. It was no less evident to him than to his lion. Friend, that our exertions were misdi rected, and that we only sought to perpetuate a des potisin in the rulers, and a subjection in the people, which a free nation should abhor. lie would allow, indeed, and it must be allowed by all parties, that our treaps had behaved with kgallaistry which might delight but could not astonish us, and that they were ably conducted by Lord Wellington ; but the forces of Great Britain alone were inadequate to contend with those of France ; and there was no cor dial co-operation between them and the Portuguese. —lle spoke from facts that had occurred within his own observation, and therefore he spoke decided ly. Nor was it possible they could cordially co operate in a cause which they were compelled to up hold under the pressure of a military system that was horrible. He had seen, both in Sicily and Portugal, the men driven like slaves, in chains. He had seen them dying in the highways and fields like dogslwith out medical attendance, and without assistance of any sort—he had beheld them without the covering of clothes, and without the shelter of a house. And he would ask, if men thus raised, thus treated, could have the feelings of soldiers or of patriots? or if a war thus carried on can boexpected to terminate suc cessfully ? But these were not the only evils of which that people had to complain—that people to whom it is our boast that we have given freedom. The jails and the dungeons of the Inquisition were filled with unhappy wretches who pined there in hopeless cap tivity, unvisited even by the cheering hope of a trial; and so little influence have we in effect in that coun try, that a British Minister at Lisbon was forced to make his escape to England that he might not share, even by implication, the guilt of such proceedings. — He would add also, from his own personal observa tion, that there is not an individual, either in Sicily or Portugal, who does not thoroughly abhor the British name; and that our army En the former place has been sent out, not to keep the French from in vading it, but merely to perpetuate a most detestable and insupportable oppression of the people. If the Ministers had any doubt of these facts, he wished a party. of them might be exported every year to Por tugal and Sicily, that they might see and know them. In referring to the internal state of the country; it was his firm opinion, that if the present system was per severed in, England must inevitably be ruined. Our situation, indeed, was truly alarming—our bank paper depreciated—our taxes increased .ind increasing—the lower class of people in danger of starving, and the necessary consequences of this, a number of needy and vicious individuals let loose upon society. to adverting to that part of the Price Regent's speech f which related to the war in the Peninsula (which war he believed it would, be impossible f• r us to carry on without the revival of our former commerce), he could not consider our army there in any other light than an army of observation; it was incompetent to the defence of ",:pain ; it might indeed defend Portu gal, till the French collect sufficient supplies, and then it must fall back to Portalegre. Was this I de. fence of Portugal ? It could not be called We can remain there no longer than the French choose to let us. After going through several of tie particulars of the Hen. Baronet's Address, and ...eh , - ing its sentiments wi• h regard tehe state of the prtmi tix waste of public money. the 'axes, and their mbdo of being levied, by whiA no traisi 7 s house etas ',..ny longer sacred, the Hats. Ls l .e.-ni)ar adverted tir,v . ar tural fitness fear cundmiring a *arid me -.eps;•litteK re• ferred the MhiLstera tn:ll,:;.Cantion . s.t . Deffitisthel4s, :~ , • ~' ,i , i i . T . 1 0 , , . , ,:•, i , . ~ ,i 1 . • i‘, I .1 I I !I' I ojl '%sll s F L, L ` I I 11 ~ i~ sal . : ,11 6~~ 1'