The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1803-06-25 00:00:00

V .. II PRIYME eattl2.lloo)thlkCE. • • .- ' • PARIS, rent IS. Yesterday nonaparte delivered into the hands of the Great Officers of State, to be deposited in the Se nate, his Will and Testament appointing a succes sor. The cmstitntional, but disagreeable, task to re mind the immortal man that he is mortal, belongs to the Grand Judge, who, with ail the cunning of consummate revolutionary courtier, has not been able to avoid hurting the nice feelings of his virtuous sovereign on this delicate occasion, and is not, there fore, as was first intended, to be of the journey to brussels, which it is expelled will take place in 48 hours, should no new obstacle present itself. Report says, one of the reasons why this journey has been retarded, is the disobedience of some Ge nerals, who were ordered to quit Paris, and to re side above 30 leagues from it ; but who not only re fused to obey, but threatened to .ptiblish these or ders, and their reasons for not obeying them. Fondle has been as,ociated with Duroc to negotiate this af fair, which is now so far settled, that the Generals have given their parer d'hoi:ntur to reside on their estates, and not to return to Paris before the Consul. Moreau, Massena, Angcrcau, and Macdonald, with ten other Generals, are mentioned as the Consular exiles. Taller aml has told some of the Foreign Amba". sailors here, that their presence at Brussels would not be disagreeable to the First Consul; to others he has hinted that their presence might be dispensed v:ith. None of the Diplomatic Corps, however, are yet making any preparations for this journey. Couriers and conferences, intrigues and negotia tions, continue their usual train ; and it restlessness constitutes happiness, the usurper, his ministers, fa vourites, and courtiers, are the most happy beings upon earth. THEJIRE. the anr of Mr HAY-MARI•ZET. ELT. iTON's first „castor. pearance in the arduous charaEler of Ri.:hard for Third, attraded last night a brilliant audience. • The piece itself, if not one of the first-rate of Suaeserant's productions, is, at least, one of the most interesting ; and the late frequent display of the rival powers of the two great Richard', - CooKis and Kest arr, have qualified even school-boys to judge how far its Hero is justly rspresented. Mr. Li...Livros, last night, in his delineation of this arduous charafter, has justified the early patron. age of the public, and done himself the highest cre dit. In his opening soliloquy, his emphasis and manner were striking, without being forced or strained—and his wooing scene with Lady .11m, was peculiarly happy—his sudden transitions and change of voice, very judicious—and the raw touches of flattery were so delicately given, as to steer clear of shocking probability and offending the judgment of the audience. There was none of the overstrained grinning sarcasm which has been' objelEted to one great ACtor of that fort; nor the ex treme stiffness of constrained courtship which has been noticed in another. Mr. ELtisroN's figure is not by nature commanding; but he made irso. Nor did his voice, which is full and powerful, ever desert him; in short, it was a most respectable and mas terly exhibition of dramatic ability, and sound clas sic conception of his, author. Having said thus much (and 'tic but justice) it may be permitted to remark some very minute points, which wore the remblance of a fault. In the scene immediately before his meeting with Richm7n4 where he calls on his soldiers to - follow him, his ' voice should uniformly rise, till he rushes' off the stage- and not sink; his breaks and pauses, in his last soliloquy, were rather too long ; and his irre solution. in presence of Norfolk, in the eve of the bat tle, rather to studied. His terror and recovery after his dream, were well executed. But no aCtor should introduce expletive. of his own into the text of SitAese EA RE. SH A KSPEA RI: wrote—” Richard's himself again"—but not, " Cvaw f—Richard's him self again." The fight or duel between Richord and Rigmond . was warmly applauded, and yet, strictly speAking, it wits neither broad-sword fighting, nor vet accord ing to the more modern rules of carte and terce. If .the play is repeated, nc dcubt this manceuvre can be arranged. In point of costume, Mr. Ettasrou -.vas truly .grand in his regal suit : but why never once appear in mourning for his brother's death, when the Queen, Duchess of York, young Princes, and every person about the Coart, wear black ? but this is a breach of decorum which even the accurate Mr. tremble has never correCted. The merchants of Bourdeaux expel the arrival of 150 sad of merchantmen, but they are um!er the grcate,t apprehensions least they shotild fall into the Lands of the English. The commerce of that city is now at a stand, and from seventy to eighty houses are exp Med to become insolvent. • . r. Yesterday Cie Lord Mayor, attended by the • Sheriffs, went to Guildhall and held a Court of Common Council for the eledion of two Sheriffs for the ensuing year. The names of the Aldermen who had not served as Sheriffs were read over, as was a list of many names who had been nomina:ei to serve as Sheriffs. • At a Common-Hall held yesterday at Guildhall, for the eleaion of, Officers for the year ensuing, the Aldermen who have not served the office of Sheriff, with several others, were put in nomination for that office, and, on the shew of hands, the present She . riffs doubting whether the eledion had fallen upon AhLrman Su w and Sir WILLI AM LElcttroN, Knight, or Mr: Alderman SHAW and WI I.LI Am Row, Esq. (an opulent coal owner ituthe North of England) Sir WILLIAM La f onroK, Knight, and IVI 1, t, fA m Row, Esq. were put up a second time, . and the eledion was declared in favour of Mr. Al derman SHAW and Sir WILLIAM LI.IGHTON, Knt.; and it is supposed that WILLIAM Row, Esq. will be brought forward next year. RICHARD CLARK, Esq. was unanimously eleded Chamberlain. The Bridge-Masters and Ale-Conners for the last Year, were eleted for the year ensuing. A Court of Aldermen was held after the Com ' Mon-Hall—when Sir MATTHEW kkoxitAst, Knt. .. Alderman of the Ward of Bridge, in the room of GEORGE HIBSERT, Esq. resigned, and the Cham berlain and Bridge-Masters (according to annua custom) were sworn in.. - .; •. : . •: • • •' s • .* dliMms.. 116t7SE OF BARNDENBURGX. Thi following If istoilearZAccount trill evince that Chia tii:icllynasiy his, It no tithe, been inattentive to tts - dual interest, even at the expellee of delicacy. Frederick tht.;. Vlth, Burgrave of Nnrenberg, put._ thased the Electorate of Brandenburgh, abotit th. middle . of the 1 /tl . t century, from the Emperor Si• gismund, and paid ready money fir it, which he borrowed from his good city of Nurenberg. That the said sum was borrowed is generally ac knowledged, but history is silent as to its having beet. returned. A century after, /Wert of Blandenbut* who had . been chosen Grand Master of the Teutonic Or4:ei by the Knights, who had subdued the idolatrous :Inn cruel inhabitants of Eastern Prussia ; feeling uneasy under the idea of possessing the Principality, as a spiri :mat !rnurt, quieted his consciei:ce, by al , juring both his religion and the order ; thus transmitting by his recantation, a teva-al Sovereignty to his House. So much zeal in the mice of rehg . ion: reform did not pass unrewarded even in this nether world ; for it was in consequence of such piour motives, that the Principalities of Magdeburgh and of Halberstadt became, in process of time, subjeet to the Tamil! . Nor did the House ef 'Brandenburgh lose any thing by reversion: ; for it was by sw:cession, that, at various periods, the Dutchy of Pomerania, and the Principality of East Erin, fell into its hands, no doubt, because the Sovereigns of those died without isue—it is true, however, that sume objeaions were made at the time, against the aet of seizure, on ac count of the want of reciprocity in the state of ,he contraBinZ parties ; several political casuists even in sisted, that, when fiefs of the empire became vacant, through failure of issue, the investiture devolved de jure on 'the Emperor—such, at least at that time, was the acknowled.rd law of Europe in general, and of the empire in particular; but then every ruk bears an exception, and in that case probably the charge was only specious. _ . The ancestors the Great . Fredfri,h held several possessions in Silesia, in right of vassalage, and had claims on many others. The minority of Ma ria Thema was deemed an opportune moment to decide such pretensions, and every thing was ac cordingly adjusted, agreeably to the most sanguine wishes of Fi-etlerki, who, from being the vassal Duke or an inconsiderable portion of Silesia, became the Sovereign Prince, and paramount of the whole • territory. On the first partition of Poland, the abbey of Oliva fell into the hands of tht King of Prussia. Now it happened, that the Abbot of Oliva possessed some claims on the city of Dantzic—these claims, which could be only feebly urged by an Abbot, acquired considerable energy When defended by a King, and thus did Dantzic, which was a free and Hans city, while under the dominion of Poland, become the individual property of the new Abbot of Oliva—thus also was all the trade of Poland transferred to Prus sia —thus again did the North of Europe lose its chief mart for corn, and, from that period, down to the present, the South has experienced very frequent and very disastrous dearths. The second partition of Poland is as well known, as the definitive robbery is scandalously notorious. The Pules complained to universal Europe that they had been compelled to alter the form of Go vernment, in which they had acquiesced under the guarantee of Prussia, and in consequence of:plc/did premises, the result of whiCh was to expose them to the assaults of a power, too mighty for them to make head against, but which they had highly of f:aded—Prussia coalesced with that power, in order 1 to put an end to agonizing Poland, which soon dis- appeared from the list of nations. This series of acquisitions (which had been very considerably augmented by the bfrs.::d system of In demnities) are ftu . ther strengthened by others in va rious dire Lions ; towards Russia, for instance, by the means of Memel; in the Ele.aorate of Saxony, by the bound.rries of Colbus, Mansfield, and Erfurt ; towards Ilesse, by Paderborr. and Eiciisfeldt ; in Hanover, by Hildesheim ; in Westphalia, which is become a Prussian province; and in Franconia, which the Court of Berlin shares with the Lleetor of Ba varia. Theforesight of the Prussian Cabir.et has been carried even as far as Svahia, in the hope of one or two Abbeys, in rtverzion, which have been cedeal t( the St/at/war! . The Loan MAYOR has appointed a Commoa Hall to be held on Wednesday next, to consider the propriety of instruCting the Representatives for this City to oppose a Lill now pending in Parliament for laying a Tax upon Income, in consequence of a requisition made to him by several of the Livery for that purpose. On Saturday se'nnight, the Earl of MANSFIELD arrived at Scone. His Lordship has assumed the corsimand of his regiment, the Perthshire Militia, which is already in a very excellent state of military The South• Down Flock, which Mr. Cuawtt4 brought to Windermere about two years ago, and which have been pastured on the mountains above Lake, are likely to answer every purpose ex acsired from the experiment. bBSER VATIO A'S ON A It'ECt 7 fAIi‘tTANDIND ARNre; AND A MILITIA; titireACTEb PROW A brtElittATED AVI4/OR, AND SUBMITTiD• Ti) CM.: AVTENTION DE PAELAA, iIifNTAaY AND MILITARY MEN L Atin ALL GLASSES OF TUE COMI46I.tIFY." • When the art of war has gradually grown up to ie a vent intricate and complicated science, when he event of war ceased to be determined, as in the irst stage of sactey,ipt a singfe irreguhle skirmish r battle, it. becomes universally necessary that the riblic should maintain those who serve the public • war ; at least while they are. employtd in that . ervice. Whatever in time of peace might be the refnery occupation of those who go to war, so very edious and expensive a service would otherwise .e by fir too heavy a burthcn upon them. In all the different Reptilrlics of :Indere Greece, o learn his military exercises, was a necessary part , f education imposed by the State upon every free wane. itizen. In every city there seems to have been a of desert, •üblic field, in which, under the prnteaion of the and even aa, eithlic Magistrate, the young - periele were law and Corsicai. !heir di:fcrert exercises by differeet masters._ In this This measure is 0,. very simple institutien, consisted the whole expence those disagreeable to t. which any Grecian State seems ever to have been at etaising its chief in addles-:e.. in preparieg its cities for War. In ancient Rome, the are suspaled of inclinations te exercises of the Campus M.ertius answered the same times it is an invention of the Prefer., purpose with those of the Gymnasium in ancient mender ' or the Police Agent, when th e , (7; recce. ne y to lay individuals, of whole distriEts In the Republics of ancient Greece and Rome, indirect contribution. during the whole period of their existence, and un- Any requisition made by the civil or der the feudal Governments, fee a considerable time power, either of men or of property, if r after their first establishment, the trade of a soldier neglected, Is followed by Garniseires, qua' was not a separate, distina•trade, which constituted on the principal citizens, and afterwar the sole or principal occupation of a particular class inhabitant of the city, town, or village of citizens. Every subjeCt of the State, whatever In Corsican France, no tax-gat ] might be the ordinary trade or occupation by which ploycd. The direetor of the cot:tribe he gained his livelihood, considered himself, upon all triet sends the list of the taxes, wie ordinary occasions, as fit likewise to exercise the to each citizen, mentioning whey trade of a soldier, and upon many extraordinary cc- at his office, and that to.negle casions as bound to exercise it. by the quartering of Clarnisa 7 It is the wisdom of the State only which can ren- he receives one or more der the state of a soldier a particular trade, separate what is due, and after th and distima from Al others. A private citizen, who, code, the number is dr in time of profouod peace, and without any parti- third decade ;if not r cular encouragement from the public, should spend cution on his propert the greater part of his time in military exercises, The regulated ye might, no doubt, both improve himself very much liv r e s , o r 'half a et in them, and amuse himself very Well, but he cer- ing ; ,and severa' tainly could not promote his own interest. It is the office of police wisdom of the State only which can render it for his rally employ , interest to give up the greater part of his time to distria is de this particular occupation ; and States have not al- then near,- ways bad this wisdom, even when their circum- quired. stsvices had become such, that the preservation of It of their existence required that they should have it. misce Military exercises came to be as much negleSted the by the inhabitants of the country as by those of the pe" town, and the great body of the people became al- f together unwarlike. That wealth, lt the same time, which alsvays follows the improvements of agriculture and.reanufallui es, and which, in redity, is no tnore than the accumulated produce of those improvements, eiovo'ees _the invasion of all their neighbours. An industrious, and upon that ac count a wealthy nation, is of all nations the most likely to be attacked ; and unless the State takes some measures for the public defence, the natural habits of the people render them altogether incapa ble of defending themselves. Regularity, order, and prompt obedience to com mand, are qualities which, in modern .armies, arc of more importance towards determining the fate of battles, than the dexterity and skill of the soldiers in the use of their arms. A Militia, in whatever manner it may be either disciplined or exercised, must always be niuch in ferior to a wall-disciplined and well-exercised Stand- - ing Army. The soldiers who are exercised only once a week, or once a month; can never he so expert in the Use of their arhis, as those who are exercised every day, or every other day ; and though this ci rc umstan c e muliNr AT la RBICE. may not be of so much consequence in modern as it WAS in ancient times, .yet the acknowledged superi- NEW YORlt y MAY (20. Deity of the Prussian troops, owing, it is s a id, ve r y By the brig Franklin, Capt. Newell, arrived here ranch to their superior expertness in their exerci s e, may satisfy us that it is, even at this day, of very yesterday, we learn, that on the 13th of April a mu tiny broke out among the soldiers at the fort of thie considerable consequence.• A Militia cif any kind, it must be observed, how- place ; they put every commissioned officer under ever, which has served for several successive cam- arrest, and of them. armed, with se cant and took possession of th.c fort end magazire. tj paigns in the field, become s hi every re s pe& a Stand- n Fourat ing Army. The soldiers are every day exercised in their head, marehed to the town, crossing the river the use of their arms, and being constant] under the same under the Cany e, before an alarm .could be green. They sat.!, command of their officers, are habituatedt they did not wish to disturb the inhabitants in the least, but would defeud them. They were then met prompt obedience which takes place in Standing by the inhabitants and officers in the town, and two Armies. companies got under arms and prepared for tear they were before they took the field is of little imnortance. The,: nece s sarily become in attack ; the Colonel, by fair promises, put them off every respeet a Standing Army, after they have until mernies, and they returned to the fort, but no passed a leve campaigns in it, 0 satefaCtion being given to them, they mustered, and fire soldiers of a Standi Army, though they ner began firing at an armed schooner tieatsla,y in the may never have seen an enemy, yet have frequently liver Canye e the schooner returned a - fire of grape shot, which killed two and wounded several others ; appeared to possess all the courage of veteran troops, the mutineers then retreated. A company from tf!e and the very moment that they took the field, to have been ht to hive the hardiest and most cape- town commanded by the colonel's son, crossed the rienced veterans, river, and advanced towards the back of the fort, A well-regulated Standing Army is superior to where they exchanged several-shots with a patrol every Militia. Such an army as it c an n ot be main- ing party, and were at last forced to retreat into the rained by an opulent nod civilized nation, so it can town. The Mutineers sent.their officers, to the Govern alone defend such a nation against the in vas ion of a ment House, accompaniedr.by their 'ITV* Comman poor and barbarous nation. Men of Republican principles have been jealous der and several others. They demanded satisfaCtion of a Standing Army, as dangerous to Liberty. It a second time; the Govern e or arts' Council ininct!i certainly is so, wherever the intere s t of the General, ately assembled, and agreed. to make papee . reo e cs that should pass current and pa -yeehem off, and give andthat of the principal Officers, are no t n ec e ssar ily connected with the support of the Constitution of them provisions according to the promise made i n •the State. The Standing Army of Czsar destroyed Holland. Upon these conditions they stibmittea, the Roman Republic—the Standiag Army of Crom- and order was'restored. well turned the Long Parliament ont of doors; but . - where the Sovereign is himself the General, the 'S '• . • principal Nobility and Gentry o f th e coun t r y t h e F 12 0 .1 LLOYD UP. .. • chief Officers of the Army—where the military force is placed under the command of those who' The Brothers, Hall, from New Yore, tan fotilW Volt" have the gteatest interest in the support of the civil privateer, and sunk her going Irina LitcrinidK" " - authority, because they have themselves the great- mump s . est share of that authority, a Standing Army can In the Downer-the Lord Nelson, Smith; from Jamaica. 't, never be dangerous to I.iberty ;on the contrary, it At Portsmouth--the Nysns, Samitand, from Dominica. / may, in some cases, be favourable to Liberty. '1 o At Exeter—the ]sea, - hiker, from Seville. • • , a Sovereign, on the contra r y, - who feels himself At LnerpOol—vtlie 'Brothers, Bail; and , Francis Henrietta, from New York • Wirodrup Sims Hodgson 'from Plata- • I supported, not only by the na t ura l A r i stocracy • Tre ptie ; Jamaiia, Gle ' gg ; Swift, Taite; ' Janies, ' Redinayno; of the country, but by a well-regulated Stand- and eenson, Peale's, front Jamaica, ing Army, the rudest, the most groundless, At Chdcthe Pomona, Ramsay, from Grenada. and the most licentious remonstrances, can give At New P:ovidence--the Cotton Planter, f little disturbance. He can s af e ly p ar d on or nego Afr ei. At Havannah—the Anna Baia , Cowen from ditto. lect them; and his consciousness of his own su- At Jainaica--the Lime, Cadenheask,inkLemloni, and ti).43 periority, naturally dispo,s es hi m to do so . Keirie, from Africa. . - '• Luc,_ qua. on his parents, relaLives, or friends, until he is front:, or they can prove themselves ignorant of his : - etripat. Bribvs to the Police Commissary are the most and generally the only proofs.. When any young conscripts conceal theniselsee or desert o Garnisaires are sent in the same maii:o.r to their parents, relations, and friends, and remain with them until they bring foreoeed the persona wanted, or others in their plat' ; when the number of deserters is great, a whole city, town, or villuge, and even a ivhole department, is put under military law and Corsican excommunication. This measure is often employed as a revenge on those disagreeable to Government, either by not raising its chief in addresses of adulation, or who are suspeaesi of inclinations to royalty ; at other times it is an invention of the Prefed, of the Com mander, or the Police Agent, when they wart mo ney to lay individuals, of whole distrkts under an indired contribution. • Any requisition made by the civil or military power, either of men or of property, if refused or negleCted, Is followed by Garniseires, quartered first on the principal citizens, and afterwards on every inhabitant of the city, town, or village. In Corsican France, no tax-gatherers are em ployed. The director of the contributions of each dish • trid sends the list of the taxes, with a letter of advice to each citizen, mentioning when they are to be paid at his office, and that to.neglect it, will be followed by the quartering of Garnisaires; the term expired, he receives one or more soldiers in proportion to what is due, and after the expiration of the first de cade, the number is doubled, and so on until the third decade ; if not paid in three decades, an vie. cution on his property takes place in t 3 hours. • The regulated pay of each Garnisaire is three livres, or' half a crown a day. besides board and lodg ing ; .and several young invalids are attached to each office of police and of contribution, who are gene rally employed as Garnisaires; brit when a whole distrid is declared to be under the military banns, the then nearest brigade furnish the number of men re. quired. It often happens that those letters of advice either miscarry, or are negleded to be sent ; but the day the Garnisaires present themselves, they must be paid what is demanded, besides half a crown fur each, and something four bare, if they only remain five minutes. It is looked upon as a dishonour to have Garnisaires for taxes in one's house, but it hap pens to the most wealthy of the citizens, if the direce tor of the contributions, or his subalterns, have any grudge against them; because, by negleCting to send the notice of what is to be paid, it is only known by the arrival of the Garsisaires ; besides, that as the ' Garnisairts are frequently the relatives ef.ilete differ ent officers of the contribution, they wilfultrproeure • them opportunities to• gain money and to plUroler their fellow citizens. Certain of impunity, every mi litary and civil officer is by turn a • tyrant and - al slave. Since the Corsican usurped the throne' of . France, there has been no example - of a person being punished for abuse of power, or for tyranny ; bait' several public fundionaries have been disgraced for • not using their power as tyrants ; and the sword and the bayonet of the Garnisaires, are therefore made use of on many occasions, both cruel and ri diculous, to settle differences, to praelice oppression. to intlid punishment, and to procure plunder. . r 44[1~ IMl' ff r ;* , • P 1 r 1~ AiIIIIIMNIIIIIIIIIIIW . 4 1 .1414 1 10 10'i NI OARNISAIRESo rf proof was wanting of the military despot. isfil under which France groans, the use its Govern. metlt makes of Garnisaires, affords an evident and undeniable one. This revolutionary oppression was invented by Robespierre, improved by the Direct- tory, and organized b y Bonaparte; and frer French- men are so accustomed to all sorts of tyranny, that t they 4 look upon this as a 'Sart of their constitutional laws, which arc however entirely silent on this sub- jea. When nny nerased or stupefied person has et;eapeti the search of the_l'olice, Garnisaires arc quarteresi I i t 11 • • .• • . 1 • \ • 1 1 ft • 1; A 4