The British Press; or, Morning Literary Advertiser. — London, England, 1825-04-02 00:00:00

GERMAN PAPERS. TRIF.II??, MARCH 15. Ity a vessel which has arrived here from Smyrna we have letters h am Syra to the 2.3 th of February, which. among other news. state that criminal proceedings had hem commenced, ar Napoli di Romania, against both Colocotroni and Delegani Miaulis had taken :he command of the squadron blockading Parris. CONBT•NTINOPLE, FEB. 25. The state of the capital is still alarming. The military preps. rations in the arsenal are still continued, and the Sultan has pro. raised encouragement in order to procure seamen for the visiting campaign. Rewards had at the same time been conferred on the officers who distinguished themselra in the last campaign ; but it will be difficult to procure able seamen. It is reported here that the Stetaa is highly incensed against the retvoy of Egypt, because he is supposed to have secretly tiwmed insurrection in Syria, in tae. tier to make use of it as a pretext for not furnishing any sore troops against the Greeks. His conduct hitherto, =el, above all, the in. eonccivable operations of his son last year, really seem to authorise the supposition. It is said that the Pore had received news thorn the Peloponneaus, that the Greeks had made 'themselves masters of the outworks of Patru.—Allgenieine Zeitunc of March 25. INLINDATIONS IN HANOVER. 1 EITIACT OF Ar TETTE% FROM A MEMBER or THT RAmo. VEIIAB COMMITTICE TO DZ. KtITTR Hanover, March 11, 1823. You will receive from his Royal Highness the Duke of Cam. bridges letter of thanks from our Committee to his Royal Highness the Duke of 'fork, and the Committee in London, for the hand some grant of 3,0001., which has tilled all our hearts with joy and hope. Much Indeed has been done here also for the relief of the suffers lng districts ; and I have no doubt that the example given us by the generous British public will make a good impression. But whatever iv and may be done to soften the effects of this great calamity, it will be telt for years to come. The first tears have been tined, and the momentary wants of more than 100,000 people are providing for: but how necessary will it be for them to assist these suffeters, when they can begin to cleanse their fields, to restore their ruined habitations, and to replace their cattle, as far as will be required for their support. Indeed it Is a disheartening thought to compare the extent of misery that is to be alleviated with the means which are yet at our disposal. Time goes on—the daily wants of the sufferers must be provided for, while the sympathy felt for the m in th e first instance will by ' degree die away, and the source of charity become exhausted. Many, perhaps, now begin to think that enough has be n done, wild! the chief object, that of securing the further subsistence of these unfortunate thousands, remains yet to be realised. ZIT RAFT OF A LETTER FROM A NEMBFII OF TUE CENTRAL COMMITTEE AT MANOVEZ, TO DR. RUPEE. Hanover, March 13. • You will easily imagine the grateful delight which your letter announcing the vote of 3,0001 from the Hon. London Committee 1 has given to me, and to all the Members of your Committee, and how heartily this new proof of British sympathy and liberality will be acknowledged by all the inhabitants of this country. D iv i ne Providence mercifully favours these noble exertions to alleviate the misery in the inundated provinces ; the weather continues fine, and enables the people to work with success at the temporary repairs of the dykes, to secure them from the next floods. Thus, with the help of Gad, peace and cor.fidenee begins to return into the minds of the distressed. Every possible attention Is paid to their immediate wants by us and the Provisional Committees, and measures arc taking everywhere to provide for the future support of the suffercts, and to ascertain the best means to enable them to restore or to re pair their houses, and to return to their former industry. But ini. mense aunts will be yet required for this p ur p ose , while the ruined dykes claim still greater sacrifices from the Ghsvernment and the people. EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM A MEMBER OP THE OLDEN. BURGH COMMITTEE TO DR, PER. Oldenburgh, March 12. I had the pleasure of receiving your letter of the 4th 31arch, with the resolution of the Honourable London Committee to grant the sum of 3001. for the relief of the sufferers lry the dreadful thou. dations on tire 3d and 4th February last, and I have not faded to communicate the same immediately to his Serene Highness the Duke, who has commanded me to express his grateful acknow. letigments to the London Committee for this generous donation, and to direct our Committee here to fulfil, in the most conscientious manner, the wishes of the generous donors. His Excellency Count Brandenstein, Minister of St.ta, who is President of our Coin. mines, intends himself to write to you to describe the calamity with which our country is visited, and which, though thank God not so great as in the neighbouring countries, is lamentable enough, and to express the lively thanks, not only of the distressed, but of all those who exert themselves it. their behalf. May the source of the heavenly blessing, the conviction of having done a good work, flow richly nn the hearts of our benefactors, who hare so nobly united to evince their sympathy on behalf of those who suffer at a distance from them. INDIA. Extract of letter front a Civil Officer in the French service, dated Tranqutbar, 2.Stli September:— Tte English, in their expedition against the Burmese, hare not as vet obtained that success upon which they calculated. The inhabitants of Pegu have adopted a plafi of defence which entirely dtsconcerts their adversaries. They burn all the country thee leave behind them, so that the English are obliged to draw all the pro. visions necessary for the army from Madras and Bengal, which exposes them to great privations, and occasions an enormous expense. The Peguriana fight with great intrepidity, and greatly depend en their barricades, in the construction of which they are wonder fully expert; they rai.e them in the course of a night at short distances, and thus uprose continual obstacles to their enemies, who can only overcome them with great loss of men, and particu larly of officers. It is said that this war was undertaken by the Governor-General of Bengal, Lord Amherst, against the op inion of his Council, who particularly pointed out that the present was not • favourable opportunity, not only in a poli.ical point of view, but also with regard to the season of the year. The English army happen to be at Rangoon at the height of the rainy season ; this circumstance has been felt In a melancholy manner, by the break irg out among the English army of epidemic diseases, which have already carried off many victims, and among them Commodore Grant. the commander of the naval part of the expedition. 1 he English, harassed by an enemy, and barricades which are SI daily renewed—by rontiuual rains and the uncertainty of procuring provisions,feer to depart front the coast,and have fallen back on Ran. goon, awaiting the return of the fire weather. The Emperor of Ave t.as not...in the mean time, been inactive; he has assembled an army ce 40.000 men, of which he has cantoned a part in the upper pro vinces, and despatched 20.000 men, under the command of Prince Lanawatly, against the English at Rangoon. When one sees the insolence and severity with which the English exercise their saperiority in India, it is easy to calculate the probe bilaies that may lead to a different order of things, however distant it may be. I read with pleasure In the Madras Gazelle that the researches the English have made in the interior of the Pagodas at Rangoon, to dig up the treasures that were supposed to have been buried, have bees fruideas.—Joitenal des Debate. Vega the Bombay Papers.l Be Admits very lately received, we are given to understand that the Lahore Chief, Runoff Sing, has concentrated his force on the banks of the Sutlege, and that he has promised them an oppor tunity if distinguishing themselves at an early period. His preps. rations for war are of an extensive nature, and if the accounts of the Acbars are not exaggerated, of which there can be little doubt, would lead us to suppose that something of importance was , meditated. The army is well equipped, provided with a train of artillery uniter the superintendence of French officer', who have been some time in his arryice. and to which his personal attention has been incessantly devoted for a considerable time. The most peremptory orders have been issued to his Sirdars to be in readiness for active service, and to the Commandants of forts and fastnesses to be vigilant in their ditty. Whaiever may be the ultimate destination of the force, it can not be looked upon without considerable interest. It is reported that the disaffected Zernindars have caused all this preparation, and which is not improbable, as they are known to istdd a large portion of the southern districts in the alaharagab's dominions, and hare always giver. him much annoyance. It is worthy of remark, that the movements of our forces, every change in nor corns, and all the details of our operations to the eastward, are kn . rwri to a degree of minuteness that would lead to a ceis viction of his having good informers amongst the natives in our territories, if not to his being in constant correspondence with the Burmese. letters from Poona announce the gratifying intelligence that a sulfleient quantity of rain has fallen to save a greet portion of the crops on the ground, and to erable the Ryots to save their crops of iowarree, wheat, and eharme; and hopes are entertained that all apprehensions of a famine in the Deckan are at an end. The price of grain in the Bazar had in consequence fallen nearly one hilt'. We trust that the northern provinces have also experienced the benefits of the after-rain, which cannot fail to mitigate the ap preitensions entertained of a famine in that quarter. Official reports from Broach and Kairah, announce the gratifying intelligence that there was a heavy fall of rain at both these ma hone on the 7th and Bth instant, and private letters give an equally phasing account from Surat and Kattiwar. At Kairah, it is stated that the price of bejaree, the chief food of the lower orders, fell on the 7th to one.lialf the price at which it was sold a fortnight before : at .d we may now indulge the hope that nothing like a serious scarcity of food will be felt in any of the districts, during the en. ing dry season. It has ham apprehended that nor cotton produce to the north ward must have suffered severely from the drought; but notwith vending the scarcity of rain, we learn that the crops this year are very rich, and by the hat accounts, only required a few showers of rats to bring them to perfection, in winch care they are miFecteel to yield 23 per cent. above last year's produce. But should no rein till, our informant (a respectable native,. whose testimony may be relied on) confidently assumes that suffsocat cotton will be produced to supply the wants of the market on this side of India, though at a rate of 25 per cent. less than that of his year. From the same source we learn that Bownagina, Dhollera, Broach, • Jemboasecr, Porebunder, Mandevee, and Kattywar, have not less than 70.000 bales in the markets, of last year's crop, 50,000 of which have been purchased by the merchant'. of Bombay, and on ac, aunt of the Honourable Company, and which may be expected. I t give at the Presidium in all next month. .. ~~- _~ MR. HUSRISSOAr. A subscription hes been opened at Liverpool for a piece of plate, to be presented to the Right Hon. Gentleman, in testimony of the high sense entertained by the subscribers of the eminent services he has rendered to the country at large by his liberal and enlightened policy, in removing op pressive restrictions from trade and commerce. The sub scriptions ate from individuals, not from firms, and no per son la to subscribe more than 51. This testimonial to the important servici.s of Mr. Huskisson will be highly ho nourable to the character of the merchants of Liverpool, and will be the more acceptable to the Right Hon. Gentle man, since the names of the contributors comprise the most respectable individuals of all parties. Upwards of 1000/. were subscribed before the intention of the parties who ori ginated the testimonial became publicly known; and on Thursday evening the list bad increased to upwards of 1,300 L Ch RIS7' CHURek, OXFORD. The affair which led to the rustication, among others' of the son of a certain Noble Duke from the Univeerity , was one to which nothing of an immoral nature attaches* and which, but for the reverence due to authority, might have been overlooked as (me of those youthful frolics which we are likely to witness as long as the world lasts, and which, if we witness nothing worse, the world would be much better than it is. The DEAN OF CIIRIST CHURCH, it appears, had no objec:ion to hunting, but he objected to the scarlet jacket. That a gownsman should mount his hide-bound steed, and scour the country like the King of Terrors, on his pale horse—though even this might be a step " Bernn '. the tied and settled rules 01 vice and virtue in the sch,iels," was, he thought, an indecorum that might be winked at ; but that he shou:d come forth from his quadrangle like a Red-cross Knight, or like a brother to the Scarlet Laity of Ikbylon, was a stretch beyond endurance, and accord ingly the worthy Vicegerent issued his express prohibi tion against any students appearing in the equipment of the eltace within the precincts of " the mighty Tom." In revenge, some mischievous Nim RODS of die College— " °nine sacrum rapiente dextra,” took a secret opportunity, tiering the midnight hour, of painting the outside shutters oh' the DEAN'S dwelling with a red of so deep a hue that they teemed as if, like slfacbetlt's hands, they " Would the multitudinous sea inearnadine." Had the Dean, when waking, found a pack of bounds under his pillow, he could not have surveyed them with more surprise than he beheld the metamorphose in ques. tion : strict orders were instantly issued to search the dif ferent rooms throughout the College, if peradventure any paint 'pots might be discovered ; but alas ! none were to be found. Another edict went forth to examine the ward robes, if perchance a pair or besmeared gloves might " betray the hands which had done the deed of darkness ; they were scanned thoroughly,but without success. Atiength the uten sils of which no trace could be discovered " on the earth be neath" were at length found in "the waters under theeartb." The criminal pipkins were espied, glaring with red, or, as a late Judge once said, on another occasion, in " the cestame of their crime," lying quietly by the side of their brushes in the bed of the Isis! After some time, as is usual in such frolics, the secret escaped, suspicion lighted, or rather fell heavy on the son of the Noble Duke, who is now suffer ing under the sentence of rustication. While the GRAND SULI AN, in this age of reformation, has deemed it proper to limit the fringes of the ladies' petticoats, and the SOVEREIGN PonTtrr has thundered his edicts from the Vatican against tight-laced stays, and wearing caps in church, the DEAN or CHRIST CHURCH may surely he permitted to issue his anathema against scarlet jackets, and to be mindful of the reverence due to the sanctuaries of learning.. ANTIQUITIES. A few months ago, as some workmen were digging the foundations of a malt-kiln about to be erected at Grimsby, by Lord Yarborough, for Mr. Win. Gooseman, they found in a good state of preservation an ivory figure of St. James, amongst a considerable quantity of squared stones, which appeared to have been the foundation of some ancient building. - And last week, near the same place, amongst some similar old foundations, was found another piece of antiquity, representing a half figure of our Saviour, as he hung dead upon the cress, the lower part ha v i ng been evi dently broken Off. The ribs of hes naked body are perfect, and the upper surface of the bead has been perforated all round, to Imitate, it shookl seem, the punctures occasioned by the crown of thorns.—From the antiquarian investi gation recently made by the Reverend George Oliver, at Grimsby, we learn that on this spot in ancient times stood the mansion of John Empringham, Esq. who purchased it in the year 1408 of the Prioress of St. Leonard's nunnery. This gentleman was a very opulent resident at Grimsby, and being charitably disposed, contributed liberally to toe churches and religious houses in that place. In conjunc tion with John Kingston, Esq. he erected the present tower of St. James's Church; on the highest turret of which the following inspription still remains Prie for ye. sautle of Jhop Hen.peryoga'. It is uncertain at what precise period this noble mansion was entirely desolated. In the reign of King Henry the Eighth, the property of the two above-named families be came united by the marriage of John Kingston, Esq. with the only daughter and heiress of the Empringham family. and it is probable that the house was then left un occupied. At the visit of that monarch to Grimsby in 1341, the building was in ruins, and a precept was issued ' by the command of Henry for its re-edification. The de sign, however, was never accomplished, for in the time of Gervarc Holler, the Grimsby antiquary, (in whom the pro perty was vested as the son and heir-at-law of Sir Fretch ville Rolle; who married the only daughter of John King ston, Esq.) it had been taken down, and the materials ap plied to other purposes. It may be therefore concluded with much probabi•ity that this antique building fill to de cay immediately subsequent to the dissolution of the mo nasteries, and that these curious relics of papistical super stition have been hidden beneath the surface of the earth during the period of 300 years. Yesterday being Good Friday, the Princess Augusta attended Divine Service at the Chapel Royal, St. James's. Yesterday the Duchess of Gloucester and the Princess Sophia visited the l'rincess Augusta. The Earl of Craven is seriously indisposed at his house in Charles-street. It was the Honourable Mr. Spencer that arrived a few days since at the Foreign Office, Downing-street, from the British Embassy at the Court of Vienna. The Duke of Northumberland's state liveries, prepared expressly for his numerous servants, who are to attend his Grace at the coronation of the King of France, are finished, sod ate very splendid indeed. The dress intended to be worn by the Nbble Duke on this occasion is so costly and superb, that it is said to eclipse the celebrated ancient Hungarian jacket worn by the elder Prince Esterhazy at the coronation of his present Majesty. The Marquis of Anglesey has presented the Reverend Charles Bowle to the Vicarage of Alilhorne Port, vacant by the resignation of the Bishop of Hereford. The Hon. General Stephen Mahon has signified his in tention to contest the county of Roscommon at the next election, as long as there is a freeholder to be brought for- Ward. Visa Foote set of for Liverpool en Thursday, to sing on Monday end Tuesday next, at Wilson's Concert Rooms, which are then to be opened for the first time. She was accompanied by her mother. The 'f riennial Meeting of the three Choir!, of Hereford, Worcester, and Qloncester, being appointed to take place at Hereford this year, the following were appointed Stew ard.. for the Meeting in September next :—The Honour able R. A. Clive, M.P. Oakley Park ; T. H. Symons, Esq. Wynde Part ; John Bansehy, Fsg. Brockhampton ' • the Lord Bishop of Chichester, Dean of Hereford ; the Rev. H. Huntingford, Prebendary of Hereford; and the Rev. H. Wetherell, Rector of Thruxton. EARLY RISING CLVL—A society has been formed at Montreal under this title, whose professed object is the preservation of health. Members indulging in bed beyond a certain hour, not being able to assign good cause for so doing, arc subjected to severe tines sud forfeitures. THE BRITISH PRESS. PROGRESS OF DISCOVFRY IN THE AFRICAN CO NIIENT. (From the Asiatic Journal.] It is the intention of Government that another attempt shall be made to explore the termination of the Niger ; and Major Laing, who has already travelled in the interior of Africa, is selected for that purpose. He sets out for Tripoli, attended only by his black servant, whence it is understood he will accompany a caravan to Timbuctoo. A statement of what remains to tie discovered of this vast portion of the globe will probably be acceptable at this juncture: this statement is furnished in a paper by NI. Jomard, read at a general meeting of the Geographical Society of Paris, 26th November last:— The whole of the southern border, if we except the an cient Cyreniac. is aufEciently described and known for geography to direct its researches to another quarter. At. a short distance from this border is the known line which leads from Egypt to Syouah, into the country of A.llllllOll. Browne and llornemann have the reputation of being the' first visitors of Syouah. Our countryman Calliaud and the' Chevalier Drovetti subsequently visited it, and others have succeeded them ; but Hornemann is the only one who has prolonged this line to Fezzan, and into those remote parts where lie met his death. But his fate has not been unserviceable to the cause of discovery. Niourzotik, better known by means of his account, has been the great object of travellers, as the true gate of Central Africa. Young Ritchie pressed thither with that ardour of which we have all been witnesses, and which coat hint his life. Hia more fortunate fellow-traveller, Capt. Lyon, went still further, and prepared the war for the English expedition. Hnrnemann made Nlouttouk known ; Ritchie and Lyon found out the shertent bray to reach It; the three English travellers arrived there without obstacle; and al:hough far inland, it was for them only a station for set ting off upon a more distant journey. It. is thus that dis coveries reciprocally aid each other ; and it is therefore that the smallest conquests are valuable to science. Happy those to whom we are indebted for them, since, for their whole reward, they are not paid by the ingratitude which, if we believe our divine labulist, 4 is the attribute of our species. Let us then eagerly transfer to Frederic llornemann, a portion of that glory which sheds a lustre at the present day upon the names of Dr. Oudney and his fellow-travellers. It is well known that these persons quitted Feszan towards the end of 1822, and cut across the great desert to the north of the Soudan. About the 14th parallel north. they reached the confines of the empire of Bornou, and soon after the capital itself, placed by geographers, till then, 600 miles+ more to the north-east, than it should have been ; which, by the way, is a standard of the credit due to the accounts of the negroes in geographical matters. One of them (Major Denham), with a courage .which borders upon temerity, continued his route 300 miles further, and en gaged in an adventurous expedition, in hunting the black mountaineers. To extend the area of discovery, he fought in a cause which was not his own; havock reigned around him ; the whole army was destroyed. He escaped, how ever, and more lucky than wise, rejoined his companions in Bornou, to whom he revealed the existence of a vast transversal chain, between 9th and loth northern parallel, situated precisely as that of Kong, and from whence flows, towards the north, a river of immense breadth : at the ex tremity of its course, it was not more than 430 miles from the bottom of the Atlantic. Our discoveries, therefore, to the northward of the Equator, have been extended to the 10th degree of latitude upon three different points ; to the east, between the two Niles, by M. Cailliaud ; to the west, towards the sources of the Senegal and the Niger, by M. Mollien and Major Laing; and in the centre of Africa by Major Denham; and everywhere they have been stopped by steep impas sable mountains, occupied by savage tribes, who have never submitted to the Mussulman yoke ; mountains which offer, at the present day, a barrier to the progress of Eu ropean civilization, as formerly against Mussulman law. We are aware what a scene presented l itself to the obser vation of the English travellers city of a completely warlike aspect, situated upon the (Fonder of the country ; a anunerous cavalry, man and horsain asairasses ; a profu sion of gold and iron, worked in a manner not known ; flourishing and populous towns built a few miles apart from each other; an immense traffic, of which our idea is extremely faint; periodical markets, where hundreds of thousands of individuals assembled weekly ! What a har vest for geography ! What a recompense for the toils and dangers encountered by the three travellers! They beheld the vast central lake, of which almost all the native accounts speak, but winch the world could not believe ; and they con vinced themselves that it receives the streams which come from the north ; the Niger, or at least a river which descends from the quarter of Timbuctoo and Houssa, runs into it, in the month of July, as a moderate stream. This lake is known to be WO miles long, but its breadth is not ascer tained : neither is it determined whether it has an issue; whether evaporation, as in the case of the Caspian, balances the quantity of water which flows into it ; and lastly, whe • they, when it swells, its effiux is towards the basin of the Nile: a question perpetually agitated, and still involved in doubt, in spite of all these great discoveries. Hence with what impatience do we wait for further news of this expe l i - dition ! Can a more fortunate opportunity offer of resolving the problems which Central Africa furnishes in abun danco, where all was, till lately, absolutely unknown : the nature of the soil ; the curves and courses of the streams ; the height and direction of the mountains; vegetable pro ductions, animals, temperature ; in short its whole phy sical geography? The same degree of ignorance prevailed as to the manners, language, faces, customs, population, and degree of civilization of the Mediterranean countries. But at the very moment when the scientific world in Europe expects new fruits of the English expedition, we learn that our hopes are half demolished by an irreparable loss. Doctor Oudney fell a sacrifice, in a few days, to the fatal climate. Young Toole, who left Tripoli later, joined the expedi tion and perished upon his arrival. All our hopes now rest upon the intrepid Denham, Lieutenant Clipperton, and Mr. Tyrrhwitt. The rare devotion of Dr. Ouilney, and the milooked-for circumstances attending his tragical end, deserve that we should devote to them a brief considers tint): it will enable us to appreciate the whole extent of the loss we have sustained in him. Leaving Bornou in December 1823 (one year after his journey across the great desert), he directed his course to the west, towards Kano, accompanied by Mr. Clapperton, and he arrived at the confines of that kingdom. There, suddenly and unex pectedly, cold of extreme rigour seised the caravan. The water froze on all sides of the travellers; the bladders on the camels were frozen ; and the Doctor became seriously ill. He continued, nevertheless, during seventeen days journey, to fulfil his laborious career. On the 12th January, he still essayed, as usual, to begin navelling at day-break. The camels were already loaded ; but his strength forsook him, and, in a few moments after, he ex pired in the arms of his companion, regretting less to die, than not to have done more for his country. It has been supposed that beneath the 12th northern parallel, where the English travellers were, water could only freeze on mountains elevated four or five thousand metres above the ocean. This conjecture is strangely ex aggerated. Those who have formed it appear to be igno rant that it freezes sometimes in the deserts of Libya, some hundred metres only above the sea ; a few degrees more to the north, it is true; but still very near the torrid zone*. Particular circumstances here may have con siderably reduced the temperature; and it is better wait, previous to fixing our opinion, till the elevation of the place be publish e d: knowledge very dearly bought, since it has cost the life of the most learned individual of the expedition. In other respects, if the mountains 100 leagues west of Bornou are really very elevated (which we do not dispute) as on another side, the source of the Niger is only five hundred metres high, according to Major Laing, the sagacious conjecture of M. IValek enser will be com pletely confirmed ; namely, the progressively increasing height of the transversal chain, in the direction from west • La Fontaine, liv. x. fab. 1. t And not 300 miles, as at first said, according to a false longitude of Moor-souk. The mare is equal to 39; English inches, nearly. M. CMHisitil found ice in the desert of Syouah ; and the Com. mission of Egypt observed the thermometer at zero in Lower Egypt. in January, 1798. The conditions of the temperature in the great deserts of Africa must necessarily differ from those ob i ree d in other tropical regi t nu. it would require too much time to I deduce the causes. -, to east, to the knot of the principal chain, which appears placed under tl.e 22d meridian, and the Bth northern parallel. The same philosopher has judiciously placed Tiro tinetop ci degrees farther to the west than M ajor R enne t! had , done, following the observations of Mungo Park.° But the position of Sills from the Niger is fixed upon the chart; still too much to the east; and it is possible that the for mer city has likewise a more western longitude, singe Mel and Fort St Joseph, according to the must recent observations of French officers, transmitted by the Go vernor of Senegal, Baron Roger, should be carried about two degreea,more to the west than Mungo Park imagined. Every thing &incurs to show that the towns of Central Africa are too near the Atlantic, which is by no means of trifling moment, in respect to the intercourse we hope to establish. One hundred leagues less to traverse, in so difficult a country; is:a species of conquest for geography. If we had not prescribed to ourselves the rule of exclud ing the reports of natives of Africa, we might cite those of two of them who were sepsirately interrogatei by M. Roger, and who concurred in stating that njetin6 is on the rig -hi hank of the Joliba (or Niger), that it is the same in respect to Sego, and that thii royal residence is composed of four distinct and isolated towns. Mungo Park was acquainted with these four towns ; but it atheists that he arrived on the left hank of the river, and did not enter them. It is very near the Joliba (itay these same men) that the great city of Timbuctoo is built, at only two leagues distance from its left bank, and even much nearer, according to M. Adricn Parterrieu. Habra is its port, as Boulac is that of Grand Cairo ; and the carriers of inerehandize perform the voyage twice, and even thrice a day. Finally, mention is made of a single river, the Joliba, and none of the Gambarou, ex cept that there flows a river of this name far to the N.N.E. Other observations of M. Parterrieu coincide with those of the French officers, and of Mr. Beaufort, no far as to induce us to believe that the longitudes of Park are too much to the eastward : and it is even probable that there is a serious error of latitude in his place of departure on the Gambia. Such is the latest state of the discoveries of Eutopeans in Interior Africa—that is of ocular witnesses. What an immense void is found on a map bounded by these dis coveries ! What solution is there of the continuity of the Itwenty, or fire and twenty, principal lines which the tra vellers have followed? We have computed the total ex tent of these lines, traversed during forty years, and have estimated it at 22,000 geographical miles, comprehending therein even the excursions of Poncet in 1698 ; and those of Bruce in 1768 and 1773. Admitting that each observer has constantly surveyed with his eye an horizon of three leagues diameter (and this is a good deal), we have then hut a surface of 29,000 square leagues: what is this super flcies compared with that of Africa, estimated at 1,400,000 square leagues? Thus Europe scarcely knows a fiftieth part of Interior Africa. Beyond that, all is confusion and doubt, as every candid geographer will admit. It is in the south of the continent that these lines approximate nearest; and it is to the eastward of the central meridian (la degrees E. from Paris) to 10 degrees on each side of the equator, that they are farthest apart. From the point where Mungo Park perished, to that where Dr. Oudney died, there is but an interval of 12 degrees to get over ; but from Bornou to the nearest shore of the Indian ocean, we reckon more than 30. It is probable that, in this vast space, a lofty chain may be discovered, forming a continuation of those which Mr. Burchell saw in the 26th degree of south latitude—moun tains which contain the sources of streams flowing in con trary directions, and which appear more distant from this ocean than has till now been supposed. In concluding this rapid sketch, we must regret our in ability to conceal the dryness of the subject, by painting the moral and physical condition of Interior Africa—a vast and interesting subject. It is thither that the efforts of Christian, scientific, and commercial Europe chiefly tend; at well as the discoveries of geography. But we are still farther remote from that object than from the knowledge of the geometrical description of this vaat con tinent. • Accordir,g to Major ftennell. 1113. E. from Greenwich ; and according to M: Welekenaer, 2.38.50. W. of Paris. Many con jectures of the learned naturalist, M. Larreille, are likewise con firmed by the later obaervat ions. AGRICULTURE, Sic. MONTHiN REPORT FOR MARCH. We have had latterly seasonable dry weather, and have fortunately gathered a peck of March dust, which, we trust, sill ransom our .crops. This change has had a visibly good effect on the strong and low lands. With respect to the crops on the ground, and the spring culture, little at present can be added to fonrer reports. A con siderable breadth of wheat was sown in February ; too great a portion of the seed of inferior quality, as are also the grass seeds. The difficulties of the season considered, the lands for the spring crops have been well worked ; high prices and growing prosperity acting as a stimulus and encouragement to the farmers. Bean-sowing has been completed, excepting in the distant northern counties, and with extensive improvement, since the abomination of broad-casting this pulse has been relinquished, in all dis tricts where the common sense of husbandry prevails, and in some others, where that sense is at length nascent. Beans, however, have been very generally dibbled ; few bean-lands, in this moist season, being sufficiently friable for the drill. The pea and oat-sowing will soon be finished, and indeed all the spring crops, should the present favour able weather continue. The stock of wheat on hand is now found to be greater than hitherto stated ; and the Barley, beyond expectation, will be fully equal to the de mand. Oats, Peas, and Beans, are in great plenty. The hopgrowers are on the alert, and the culture extending. A moist and variable winter is not the most advantageous for grazing ; but the high prices obtained for fat stock, more particularly sheep, have compensated for all difficulties. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. CAMBRIDGE, Filla•Y, Await I, 1825. At • congregation on Friday last, the following degrees were conferred : BACHELOR or ARTS.—Henry Peter Daniel, Trinity College; William Hopwood,Trinity ; Rev. Ferdinand Faithful, St. John's; Rev. Benjamin Muddy. St. John's; Charles Jolland, St. John's Thomas llulton, esius ; Thomas Fielding Baker, Cahn ; Abra ham Thomas Rogers Jews. The Rev. Samuel Lee, M.A. of Qneen's College. and Pro. relator of Arabic, has been przsentecl to the curacy of Bilton with Harrogate, vacant by the death of the Rev. Ruben 31iltoa.. Captain William Buchanan, R.N. has at present grow ing in his garden at Grahainston, near Falkirk, in the open air, cherries full formed, and of the size of a garden pea. Mr. Scott, who escaped from the King's Bench last week, has been retaken at Petersfleld, Hants, and com mitted by the Marshal to close confinement in the strong room of the prison. The Assizes of Maryborough and Carlow proved maiden. On IS cdneaday last, Patrick and William Tracey were hanged at the drop of the gaol of this county, for the mur der of Connor Brennan. Their demeanour was penitent and edifying ; they acknowledged the justice of their scn tence.-01,amcl Advequiser. William Holmes, the under butler of the Marquis of Exeter, was on Wednesday committed to the gaol of this borough, for trial at the ensuing Sessions, charged with stealing wax candles, the property of his Lordship.— Sta rep.rd News. A very singular case was witnessed at Dover a short time since. A lady of that town was safely delivered of a tine child, and soon after his birth, the nurse was, as is customary, rubbing its limbs, when she felt something prick her hand, which, on examination, proved to be a needle projecting from the child's arm. A surgeon at tended, and endeavouring to extract the needle, broke it in twain; the remaining part was afterwards got out, with a piece of thread actually attached through the eye.—Kentish Chronicle. Sunday morning last, about half-past ten o'clock, a party of men, in a state of intoxication, were observed to take water in a small boat, on the New Cut, near Hills bridge, Bristol ; several persons cautioned them of their danger, which was spurned at with the grossest abuse; they had not proceeded far, b e f ore t h e b oat upset , an d t h whole (eight or ten persons) were thrown into the water; one man, named Abbot, was drowned, and the rest escaped with difficulty. • • .• ; •••••••• ' & LIVERPOOL, MITI/DAY EVEN! VC.. • Wind E.N.E. High Water at 30 min. past 8. • Arrived last night. the Liffey., Bibby, from Dublin ; Mae y, Spalding, front Dund e e ; and Princess Royal, podding, (rem Newry.. Arrived this day, the James Watt. Lindsay, from Olsrsow ; Elizabetti front Limerick; Meteor, Bruns. from Hull, James, Kay. from Lindooderri ; Stat. Aberdeen, from Belfast; Bangor, (Mika. from Newry ; Hope, Thompson, from Olasgew ; and Duke of Richmond, -.hum Portarerry. This day the Cotton Market has recovered itself, and prices are about what they were, the early in of yesterday. About 42 thin sand bags have changed bends in the week. SHIPPING IN7ELLIGENCE. BRISTOL, Meant 31.—Arnred the Henry, We*Walt, from St Michaels . ; William Henry, 'fl'arwell, from Faro. Sailed the Edward Colston, Forster, for Trinidad ; Ontario, Itrells ; Merl Ann, Lsidley ; Centurion, Sontiier ; General Wolfe, Hanworth, for Quebec ; ll'ilberforee, Money, fot Newfoundland ; Amity, Johnron ; Mary, Jones, for Prjnee Edward's Island ; ISiddletoo, Garbutt ; Chilton, Older ; Fathead, Claph—for New Brunswick I Vretle, Grecvens, for Rotterdam. KENT INIHAIWAN. In addition to the many gratifying acts of liberality shown toward.; the parties who distinguished themselves so much in rescuing the unfortunate abfferers from the shlp, we have the pleasure of recording the following letter, fur nished us by 31 tssrs. Dobson and Flake's i— }Var-Office, March SO. Sta,-The Secret ire at War having taken into consideratLin the Kiwi!Mimi passed at •he Board of the Anglo-Mesican Association on the fah insiitur„ relative to the important services rendered by, Captain Cook and the crew of the Cambria to the Kent East India.. man, whereby five hundred and fifty.seven persons were saved from the wreck of the latter vessel, I am directed to acquaint yea, aim his Lordship will stithoriAe the sum of five hundred and eighty poupds to he granted to the metfaf, Mates, and other persons an board the Cambria, in the undermentioned proportions, on Capt. Cook stating to this utliec to whom he would wish thi same to be issued. I am at the same time to state, that Lord Palmerston feels the greatest satisfaction in offering to the Captain and his crew this ac knowledgment for their humane and meritorious exertions in rescu ing so many persons from the fate, which, without the assistance 4 the Cambria, would have been inevitable. To the Master - Mate - Acting Second Mate Crew, nine men, each 101. Miners, 28 men, each IW. . £ 150 50 30 90 - 260 4. 650 i am, Sir, your most obedient humble servant. 31ERnY. We have deo the pleasure to state that the Royal Ex. change Assurance have, in the handsomest manner, paid td Messrs. Dobson and Baker fifty pounds as a present to Captain Cook, and fifty pounds to be divided amongst his officers and crew. The Royal Iltimane Society have awarded to Captain Cook an honorary medallion. E Alt 31 . Detachments belonging to tI7Mt, 13th, 231, 44th, 47th, 48th, 57th, 50th, 77th, 83d, 85th, 87th, and 09th regiments of Font, em barked on the 19th ult. under the command of Lance-Sergeant Dater, at Cork, for Bristol, on route to the Depots of their re.. spectre Battalions. Detachments belonging to the 13th Regiment of Light Des. goons, the 2d, 13th, 30th, 36th, 38th. 41st, 44th, 45th, 46. h, 48th, 59th, 89th and 97th Regiments of Foot, the Royal Staff Corps, the East India Compsny's Artillery and Infantry, embarked on the 23d OIL, under the command of Lancc.Sergesnt Brazen, at Dublin, fur Bristol, on route to the Depots of thetr respective Corps. The 3d (the King's Own) Regiment of Light Dragoons. will, on being replaced at Coventry by the 12th (the Prince of Wales's Royal Lancer') from Brighton, march to Newcastle, for the purpose of relieving the let (the King s) Regiment of Dragoon Guards., which is at present stationed there. • (Cl/Itrrra.) War. Office, Feb. 1825. Stn.—Referring to the Circular Letter of the ?Id August, 1821, En. 456, relative to Militia men enlisting into his Majesty's Re gular Forces, contrary to the Statute, I sin directed by the Secre. tary N'ar to acquaint you, that in future the expense. incurred upon the route by escorts furnished from the Regiments of Cavalry. Infantry, or front Recruiting Districts, are to be charged against the public in the Regimental or District Accounts, in the following manner, viz. t— , When men. supposed to belong to the JailUia, are to Iv, eg o moved from Ireland to this country, the expenses to the embark. ing station there are to be charged in the accounts of the Regiment or District from which the last Escort shall have been furnished, supported by the Route granted by order of his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant : and upon the receipt or • notification of their arrival at either of the debarkation stations, in Oreat Britain. other Routes will be granted to conduct the prisoners to their final destination. The expenses incurred thereon, including pay. sage money, are in like manner to become charges in the ac counts of the Regiment or District (as the case may be) in this country. I am further to add, that when it shallfbe deemed expedient to remove men of this description from one part of Great Britain' to another, the expenses incurred upon the march are, upon tatty same principle, to be charged in the accounts of the Regiment or District from s high the last Escort shall have been furnished. _ ------- The charges are invariably to be supported by the Route, and 4 reference to this communication. I am, &e. (Signed) LAU. SULIVAN. Paymaster of the (CIRCULAR.) Vat-Office, Feb. 1826. Stst,-1 am directed by the Secretary at War to enclose herewith the copy of a Circular Letter, which has been addressed to Pay masters of Regiments of Cavalry, Inf►ntry, and Recruiting Dis tricts, relative to the mode of charging the expenses incurred upon the route, by escorts ever men, who being supposed to belong to the Militia, enlist into Majesty's Regular Forces, or into Use service of the East India Company, contrary to the Statutes sped. tied in the margin*. I am further directed to acquaint you, that in future the only ex.. penses liable to be defrayed by the Paymasters of Regiments or 31 antis, will be the usual marching allowances to the Non.com. missioned Officer or drummer, who may be sent to identify the men so escorted, at the rate of fifteen pence per day, reckoning ten miles for each day's march, and the teen upon the commitment of such offender,' to orisoo, confirmed by the signature of the Ma. titivate before whom they may be convicted and sent to prison ; but no charge whatever is to be made until his Lordship's sanction 'WI hate beets obtained. I am, he. (Signed) LAU. SULIVAN. Paymaster of the Regiment of Militia. • England. 421 Geo. 111. e. 90, a. M. Scotland, 42ii Geo. lIL c. 91, s. MI. East India Company, 67th Geo. 111. c. 67, s. 8. CIRCULAR.) nr-Office. Fel. 28. 1825. 8111,—i am directed by the Secretary at War to inform you, that front the 95th September next, the Levy Money for Rermite en-. Gated in Ireland, will only be allowed in frith currency. I have, ie. (Signed) L. SULIVAN. Officer commanding Regimcht of SiNt.:tma a ('N•RO6.—I'Le following extraordinary letter appeared in the DuLlin Morning Port of Wednesday last : TO Tilt 110 N. 311 ST ICE TOZRIENS. Mr LORD—Although I have ever manifested a taste for bring ing delinquent public officers before the proper authorities, my bitterest enemies, lam satisfied, never prognosticated that this pro pensity would bring me to the gallows. But so it is I have to complain, my Lord, that the city hangman is in the habit of bowing, that an unfortunate person to whom he had to administer the last rites, and to whom lie had a grudge, he had ample satisfaction of in his awful momenta, by adjusting the rope so as to give him a slow though violent march on his loaj 40 eternity. The fiend's own expressive words are--" I mad am smell hell." 'Your Lordship, no dottlot, will consider each a misrleant u dia graccful tie the scaffold as was Jeffries to the bench. I hare the honour to be, die. Cork. March 22, 1825. JOHN ZIOYLE. PolsoNixo.-011 Friday last an inquest was held at Raguall, near East Retfurd, before John Holmes, Gent., Coroner, on the body of Ann Herostock, single stomas. It appeared in evidence, that the deceased had been the mother of thrsr illegitimate children, the last of which was born only a few w eekr previous. A short time before the death of the unfortunate woman she went to Toxford, and purchased at Mrs. Naylor. who keeps a druggist's shop at that place, a quantity of arsenic, toe U.S purpose. IN d'• deceased observed at the urn*, of destroying verrnih However, on her return home she took a pertaxi of tbia pawn consequence of which, it is supposed, the infant to wbich she gm:* suck at the time came to its death : an inquest was held oo its body on the Friday previous to soother being held on its unfortucta:s parent, but as the evidence then offered dud rot s° to prove that tt.: child came to its sicish by any unlawlial Mt." , the Jury PT* the,: verdict, that a came to its end in a natosal wai. The ill.fate4 mother lingered until Thursday. the 24 th alt., when death put • period to her miserable exilaenee. After the CUIMILIitiOn of several , witneases the Coroner recapitulated the evidence to the Jury, who,' after morosely considering all the facts, married a verdict of Ala de et t in consequence of stitch she was interred at midnight, *ab out " a bell being beard or a funeral note, while her corpse to the cold grave eru hurtie.'," .noformaltily with the lam Act of Pm pant ens. -r~l V ~ ,`~ t _, sl i .I