The Statesman. — London, England, 1814-08-25 00:00:00

~~ l I At4i - r .;. :~_~ . JUDGE FLETCHER'S CHARGE TO THE GRAND JURY OF THE COUNTY OF WEX FORD, Al' THE SUMMER ASSIZES, Itll4. REPORT ON 7'IIE CORN TRADE. In Northumberland, the farmers were equal td any the county gaol upon a Green Wax Process. _...../...- , he ever saw. If the prices of farm produce were di. after long confinement s he is fitfully di tereSTSSIVED.I minimed, the farmer would immediately withhold the assizes, pursuant to the statute ; and ; W. Turnbull, a farmer, at South Belton, in PAst his capital, on which the agriculture would itomeili. duatrious cottier, he Is degraded , s front thenceft Lothian, nea r Dunbar, stated, that he had pursued ately decline.-There were lands, in East Lothiait, [CONCLUDED FROM ova rArtit OF FEsflotoAy.] Mtn a beggar and a vagraut, his pre;ent occupation ten years, and rented 354 let at 11. an acre o r l o wer-th e s e poo re r soils would Gentlemen,-1 will tell you what those Absentees Other Magistrates presume fo matte out Vague Scotch acres , which was about one-fifth more than first feel the depression of prices, as it was only ought particularly to d o -th e y oug ht t o pr omot e th e committals, without specifying the day of the °ileums* t h e same ye t tlitity of English acres. The free im- from high Prices that the firmer was enabled to col- i establishment of Houses of ftefu g e, H ou s es of i n . charged, the place, or any other particelar, from porta e on of foreign grain would, he thought, be the tivate them. The prices he had mentioned would en- dustry, School.houses, and set th e ex a m pl e , u p on Which the unfortunate prisoner could have notice to ru i n of t h e ag riculturists, from the great expense able the farmer, he conceived, to go on OA at present.l their Own estates, of building decent comps,. se prepte hit defences :rills suppression Is highly in.; !Ant she Peasant miry have, at least, thecom . they were at in the cultivation of their land. He . Mr. B. on a subsequent day delivered in a state- . ' decorous, unfeeling, and uisjostattd it deserves; t h oug ht a proper price for corn, taking rents, as he ment of the capital required to cultivate a farm ofi forts of an " E ng lish S ow :" f or in E ng li s h f a i nter upon etery ()tension, a severe reprobetion of the Mae; believed they were on the average, was Os, for , 420 Scotch acres, va l ue 61. per acre. It appeared ; would refuse to eat the flesh of a hog, so lodged and gistrefes Who.thus deßrites his tellow-stibjetts of his Wheat, 40a. Tor barley, 365. for oats. Not but florins that the capital required was 51631. iss. The pro- I fed las an Irish pessaut is.-Are the farms of an Eng- rightful opporibility of,defehce. - • had been taken at rents so high, that this price . beide average produce was 57641. 10s. (wheat being 1 lisp Lindholder out of lease, or his cottage in a There are parts of Ireland, where, front the ah.; would not remunerate the occupiers ; so much as taken at 425. the boll, or about 10s. the bushei.i.t.twattald-Alapirlation? he rebuilds eveiy one of them sence of the Gentlemen 'of the dottitty, a race of Ma. 71. 10s. a Scotch acre had been given fo r a l ar ge 1 The yearly expellee of labour, &c. was 23131.-ei !for his tenants, or he covenants to Pup* them with. gistrates hatt - sprung up, %sho otieht neiir have borne f arm o f p er haps .100 English acres in hit neighbour.` seeds, 3861. 155.-rent, 25201. which made together materials for the purpose. But, bow ar e mete rs the King's Commission. The vast iibwera entrusted hood. There were no tithes in Scotland ; there 52191. which, deducted from the annual prorittee,'conducted in this country ? Why, if there is a house to those Officers, call for en uptigttf; adieus, aad were poors' rates ; he paid to them for his farm left 5141. 15s. a s the interest of capital..:!Thpithik =likely to fall into ruins, upon an expiring lease, the conscientious discharge of their dely4 . 101. aid was liable to pay as much as was called ,of bad debts, or of damaged grain, was - CIIOI4IOC new rack-rent tenant mast rebuild it himself ; and Gentlimen s -As to tithes, they sifil.. generally' or , .He paid for his, own . farm 12001. a year, , ed, to cover which would take from 1001. t 0511191... I can you wonder, if your plantations are visited for coteplained of as a great grievance. hi' t it : times in si r es were always under the plough, and the 1 Mr. Thomas Dale, farmer at Tottenham, iiiitpd, ! the purpose, or if your young trees are turned into .which We lives they are a tax upon intlaitl s upon nu rmained'in grass., The average price of wheat, : that he had had the same farm in that parish for 22 I plough.handles, spade-handles, or roofs fo r their lenterprize, and upon agricultural skill. Is a mats Intelligent and industrious-does he, by egtieideure s in his farm, for the last eight years, was nine I years. He wa s i n th e h a bit o f b r i ng i ng his corn and : cabins? They are no more than Egyptian task.l b o ns and a half, or thirty-eight bushels per acre, , Straw to the London market. lie thought at the i masters, who call for bricks without furnishing a reclaim a tract of land, and make It productlte of a nd . t he average price bad been its. 9d. a bushel. I present prices of grain the farmers could hardly cal- !supply of straw .- Again ., I stay,, that th o s e ° c a l. I corn, he is visited and harassed by the Tithe Prettor ; He used a rotation of six for his strong lands; and tivate their farms so as to get a living. Last year ; &banal Absentees ought to come home, and not re- ; does his neighbour, through want of inclination or a smatl proportion of turoip laud, which he had, ,he did not conceive he got any profit; the expenses i main abroad, resting upon the local manager, a spe- of skill, keep his farm in pasture and unimproved *as ge nerally in a rotation of four. The rotation Y rather exceeded the produce, as there had been a bad aids of " locum la They lawns" upon the Grand Jury. he is exonerated from the burden of tithes, and from of six was a clean fallow, wheat, grass, oats, beans, ! hay year. The. charge of cultivating an 'ere .t. -spiuld reside upon their estates, and come fo r wa r d • the visitations of any Clergy, not belonging to his and wheat. The rotation of four was, turnips, I wheat at 41. rent, was 171. 14s. The Produce, sup- with every possible improvement for the country. I own Church. Far be it front me to say, that tithes barley, grass, and oats, and sometimes spring wheat, i posing four quarters of wheat at 80s.'a quarter,, and Ido not propose that you should expect any . are not due to the Clergy. By the law of thalami, instead of barley. The value of turnips, per acre, taki ng the straw at 41. was 201: The expense of Immediate amendment or public benefit from the . they hate as good a title to their tithes as any of you in S c otland,. to be fed on by sheep, was 81. an acre I oats was 121. lls. an acre, and supposi:l the land ' plans suggested for the Education of the Poor. It. have e d your estates ; Ind s Inm convinced , that the on the average ; Swedish turnips would let for two Ito produce six quarters, at 30s. per quarter, the pro- iis in vain to flatter yourselves that you can improve : Cler gy man does not, In an y instance, enact what he guineas more. Sown grass was let to mow by the • duce was 131. lie conceived 90s. a quarter to be a! their minds, if you neglect their bodies. Where :Lt strictly entitled to. gut this ,rode. of assessment ac r e ; he had got 121. an acre for a few acres. He ! fair price for wheat. Oats and barley would soon ; hate you ever heard of a people desirous of educe. has been much complained of ; and it is particularly did not k stow, but that his farm would produce as seldom pay near Lond o n ; he sowed ver y little of . lion, who had not clothes to cover them, or bread .felt in this country, because the Catholic receives no Much as tnat which was let at 71. 10s. an acre • he ; either. Beans and wheat paid better than any thing I to eat ?-I have never known that any people, urt. ' spiritual Comfort from his Protestant Rector i het 4ul not know at what rate the farmer calculated his ; else. Last year beans paid better than wheat, for he ! tier such circumstances, had any appetite for moral I knows him only through the Tithe Proctor, and be Produce in taking that farm ; it was beyond any cal. l then grew six quarters of beans an acre. The crop : instruction. i has, moreover, his own Pastor to pay. This le the culatlon witness could make, that such rents would i of l a s t se ason was not, as far as his knowled g e ex. I i So much, Gentlemen, for landlords, permanent ;reason why he thinks it a grievance; and, I mast ad. pay. The high rents arose from the mode of letting I tended, sufficiently plentiful to remunerate the farmer and occasionil Absentees. You should begin the mit, that, although the Clergyman does not *five in Scotland by private offers on the part of the coin.; for the reduced price of corn. The wages of labour necessary reformation. You now enjoy comforts all that he is entitled to, and although it may not he petitors, who were very numerous for each farm, bad not beets reduced since last year; they bad been and tranquillity, after seasons of storms, and fever, a grievance in another eetiqtrys yet the tithe system and would bid very high, as they did not know how I gradu al ly risin g for the last 22 y ears. He had found , and disturbance. The com p arative blessin g s of .is a painful system for Ireland. much 1.3 s to be bid against them. ihe superior culw ;no difference in years of scarcity and dearth. He: this contrast should make you anxious to keep your Gentlemen,-Non have its your powet another re. fivatiot. e nabled the tenants to pay such high rents. ; now paid his carters 18s. a week, and their market • county tranquil. If your farms fell out of lease, medy for public conwhotions-I allude to the assess.: The rent of recently-let farms, in East Lothian, was f intpences s amounting to 21s. or 245. a week, and his set them not up to be let by public auction- ment of the Presentment money - upon year comity: generally more than 51. the Scotch acre. The whole 1 common labourers 3s. or 3s. 6d. a day. When ,he !.encourage your tenantry to build comfortable dwell- It seefiss, that the sum of 90001. is now, demanded expenses of cultivation, on witness's fame,' in ism, I began farming he paid his carters MS. a week, and .lugs for themselves-give them a property in their to,be levied ; whether this last is, or is nor, an 'i on 334 acres , was 22201. 3s. Bd.-average per acre his common labourers 2s. a day. The very last time farms, and an interest in the peace of the coun t y .- orhitant one for this eonit y , I know not. it is a 61. 13s. 6d. of which 13s. 6d. per acre was for lime. !he hoed beans and potatoes the men struck, and These are the remedies for the discontents of the tax, of which you will impose the greater part s or :-..The • farm extremes, for the crop Of 1813, was l wanted 16s. an acre; he had never before given but people-they will be found much better than the cord perhaps, the whole s , epee your county, and It falls 14091. 10‘.2d.-average per acre 51. ss. 6d. whereof , 125.; lie had not complied with their demand. The and the gibbet. wholly upon the occupying tenants or farmers; pray the expense of lime was 11. ls. 2d. per acre. The : poors' rates bad not fallen; they were always rather There may be other causes of discontent in other keep this circumstance deestan t ly in your founds:--- difference of the two years arose from the greater low in his p a ri sh ; he paid but 35. i n the pound. ; counties. Those I have mentioned may not apply to the benefit of this tax Is your ewe. liy its orris. quautity of corn demanded in one year than in [To be continued] your county. If they did apply, I would not shrink tion, you have your farms Well divided and improved another by the horses, as the second crop of grass from ex p osin g them-I would not now, when ad- -good roads made round yiie ilibites, ut9eftti sooner. failed. The prices he had mentioned, as LAW INTELLIGENCE. . vanced in We, and uninfluenced by any hopes. or bridges and walls erected ; indeed, I have knows proper remunerating prices, were deemed so in the _. me ,_ fears;' for, whilst I was young, I was equally care- counties which have beet. parcelled out to under.' general estimation of the country. The crop of 1813, COURT OF CRANCEn, Ann. 2C ,„ _ ors et tWentiles end frowns of men in power. takers by baronies, and where no man could get a • • • , 4 1 .. • ' b i l-sig en Wits particularty abundant. He bad not threshed out !Posts.* • • " ... I had an opportunity of urging job without the contest of the baronial undertaker, 4 , 1. • - . .pit4Virs-mykanousa.... , ~,,,, • , . •• , , but he believe* ft' would exceed the ' ' - rains et &mete topics upon the attention of a distin- they met and commuted, and it was thus agreed • - • - • - 66 I N he, end ' --•• iob give you your job are, at you give me my jot,, there." I may be asked,. why do I mentiOn those things ? the Grand Jury know thent very well, but then they ought to be concealed. Miserible, infe tooted notion ! These things .1111 , 114.tobcosTed there is not a Grand Jury job in the ersontry, which is not known and commented epon by the peasantry. Every mischief, and every enormity I have this day stated, is as thoroughly well known to the peasantry as to the gentry, throughout Ireland. The effected apprehension of exciting and exasperating them, by a reprobation of those enormities, is puerile and contemptible. It cannot do mischief, it cannot add to the poignancy of their feelings, it may allay or soothe them—alteady those exactions are the sub ject of discussion, and of minute steetiny, in every cabin : what are the consequences? Dreadfuk heart. burnings and deep 11101111011, the visit of the consta ble who collects the cess, is a day of general mourn.. ing, and diftress, and tribulation. I spoke freely of these things to the Grand Jury of the county of Tipperary ; what was the beneficial result ? The foreman (Mr. &Knell) came forward soon after wards from the Grand Jury-room, and stated pub' tidy in Court, that, in' consequence of my charge, he, and his Fellow-Jurors, had thrown out applica4 tions for presentments to the amount of 96001. i These may be presumed to be jobs, under pretence of building walls and bridges, filling hollows, lower• ing hills, &c. Here, indeed, was some good done by this sudden impulse of economy ; here were the fruits of a free and candid exhortatiots.hefore the public eye. * .1 Gentlemen,—The Judge, whose duty it is to pase., 6 the Presentments, can be of little service towards. detecting a " Job"—he has no local knowledge.+ he, knows not the distances—the rates—the state of repairs—or the views of the parties. He may, in deed, suspect the job, and tear the sospected pre sentment ; but he may tear, inadiertently„ that which is useful, and let the job pass. Therefore, far the sake of the county, do as Mr. Bagwell did at Clon mel.—Begin the reformation ; and discotuttenaoce ) firmly, all parcelling of " jobs". .411 1 oft Gentlemen,—when I visited, the Hopei - if Indus try at Clonmel (which is liberally and conscien- • tiously conducted by en association, consisting of persons of every religious persuasion, with the Pro.. testant . Oarson and the Catholic Priest at their head) never did ray eyes witness a .sivore blessed sight-4 immediately asked, " whaedo you pay to the ma, tron;and to the manager?"—The sum was men tioned—it WAN stnally.—" I suppose, " said "it is no ohjeceof a county job."—Mr. rubb--the be nevolent:Mr. Grairls smiled, and said, " You have hit it; my liiird-4144 is the fact." But there ii ens remedy, that would, in my esti mation, more than sny,other;especially contribute to soothe the minds of the discontented peasantry, and, therehyjnlisabte them patiently to suffer the Fes sure of thosetturdens, which cannot, wide! aiming circumstatteei, be effectually removed-4 wan tNe cc Equal and impartial ketbiuistration of lostice;" 'of that justice which the' rich can patine, until it t k o 'led; but which,' his twit crop, EX-PARTE LIMDREY. ! . average crop about eight bushels iii the Scotch :Sere. guished Personage—l mean Lord Redesdale who Sir SAMUEL it °SULLY stated that Mr. Limbrey Witness had resided in America from 1784 to 1797. Ailed the high office of Lord Chancellor here ' some was in attendance, according to the Habeas Corpus Grain was them very cheap, and labour much higher years ago. I was then at the bar. His Lordship did issued by his Lordship. It wad a case of extreme than in England. Wheat was from three-fourths of hardship ; this gentleman was dragged fromk-his me the honour of a visit, after I had returned from _ a dollar to a dollar a bushel. home,although in his perfect Sepses, tied confined in., Circuit—at a time when many alarms, of one kind or Mr. J. Brodie stated, that he was a farmer at common madhouse at Islington, known by the name another, floated in this country. Me was pleased Scifierellalt, iii`Eist Lothian, of which he ;las pro- to require my opinion of the country; I averred, I of Fisher's House, without any physician's certifi• prietor. He occupied 1900 Scotch acres, for which that I thought it was as tranquil. as ever it had beenj; l cats of his insanity. The Act of Parliament re be paid 60001. a year, including his own property, but I didask his permission to suggest certain meii. quired, before any person was received into one of which he held subject to a life-interest. According those houses, that the proprietor should receive with , sures, which, in my opinion, would go very far to his experience, he thought a proper remunerat- towards allaying the discontents of the people.— the person admitted, a certificate, signed by two ing price to the farmer would be. two guineas a boll . One of those measures was, a reform of the Ma professional men, stating the nature of his malady.— for wheat ;. thirty to `thirty-two shillings a boll forgistracy of Ireland—another was, a commutation of The O ffi cer of the Court had been a. k e d to pro- • Turley ; • and twenty-five shillings for oats, peas, tithes, if it could be satisfactorily effected—a third duce such certificate, which he refused ; but be and beans , The boll of wheat, peas, and beads , j was, the suppression of the home consumption of , (the Learned Counsel) supposed even if he had, Visas somewhat above facie per cent. more than four Whi . ei,' and the institution of a wholesome malt it, he would not produce it without his Lordship's Winchester leashels of. barley and oats, three e'i tt- 1 liqu in Its stead. I requested his Lordship to re ! order. There was a certificate, or a pretended one, cheater quarters would make pretty near four bolls.) coil: , that H o grab ' s print of " Gin.alley" is an i prodoced, signed by a Dr. Leach, but that was no .;---In thitt statement he went on the supposition that witness to testify what the English peopli , authority ; for however respectable that Gentleman.,,, a . a g the farmer should receive something better than ten i might 40 , 041 now be, if they had nothtng but a pernicious , be, he had not practised as a medical man per Cent. on his capital. The expeuce , in Lothian, (. tor liquor to drink. A man who drinks to i. a number of years, so his certificate could be • spirituous on the best lands --lands that were paying from siito but :_ltscess of a malt liquor, becomes only stapified, and no authority. There could be no doubt, then, seven pounds rent, was about Elva ate; guineas per was at th i s Mein it off ; but he, whose intoxication grins' J le. exclusive of seed, but including all taxes. The Pro.. hi was originally improperly confined; moment a proper person to b whether -fitiee set at "from those spirituous liquors (which, we know, are petty Tax was ls. the pound ; all the other taxes Lords too often adulterated by the most poisonous ingre- ' hip to determine. He about IRd. an acre, excluding horse and house tax.ilibertY' it was for his adds only fever to his strength. Thus the '. had asi affidavit of Dr. Thornton, that the unfortii- 4 441 ' 40 ; and direct taxes. The rotation used on his best land, ' ; unfortunate. peasant in Ireland is maddened, instead , nate Gentleman was not insane ; and one of his first tornips ; next half wheat half barley ;next :of being invigorated ; and be starts out into acts of was ; keepers had sworn to the same effect, and also that glasses ; text half wheat half oats; next beans, pa- r i otpnd disturbance, like' a furious wild beast, let . - I 1 -110 had been most cruelly treated at Fisher's (louse. • Woes, peas, or tam.; and, lastly, wheat. There the community—f took the freedom to • I : The question for his - Lordship to determine was, 11:).88 : 11 ,P" was souse land that was let even above 71. on which ' Reform the Magistracy of Ireland, my Lord.' whether lie was first impropeily confined ? If he was, ' add * 6 was a rotation—three times wheat in six years. I Yoo have the power to do this ; and, until you do', there it was no consequence what his present state of ' In hie statement of 51. per 'acre, .as tile eapence of i it, in vain Will you expect tranquillity or content In mind was, for if he was not a proper person to go cultivation, lie did not include the experts of lice; I the coantry."-z-His Lordship was pleased to lend a be might be regularly confined. His Ant he considered. as Mock laid out, for which the at large, co eau' attention to these opinions—end Ido be. Lordship had the right of visiting all houses of this taunt should reap 15 per cent • yearly, to be sea I. lie that his own natural judgment and good incli- 1 description by the Act of Parliament, and he was ' unteerated doling his lease. He had Nal of a very sorry , nail i would have prompted him to measures, beue- sorry to be of opinion the oftener they were risited:i different quality Isom that for which he paid 51. or 61. Hot teal to Ireland, and honourable to his fame. would tend to the good of the community. an acre. On such inferior land, he took turnips, bar- 'Gentlemen , — This subject brings me to a cons'. i when he mentioned the word visitingo ley, offificial grasses, which remained two years, and I was aware witbol4o &ration of the Magistracy of the country. Of that it was not his Lordship's duty to do so, then oats, which formed a rotation of five. Ott that i these' I must say, that some are over zealous ethers an application being made to him. From all these l which *its not fit for turnips, he made a clean fallow, : distracted Into parties, they are too circumstances, he trusted his Lordship woulisitder i t4;:u Pi" and followed it by wheat and grass, for two years, governed by their private passions, to the dis- *mbrey to be discharged. . ~.... and then oats. The quantities of wheat, which he Mr. Li grace of public justice, and the frequent disturbance i Mr. HART, on the other side, said the eicierition averaged that land which paid a rent of Cl. an of the country. I was, whether this gentleman was a fit person to be . acre, ought to produce, was ten bolls, or forty Here let me solicit your particular attention to set at large ? ) Ile con te n ded that the meaning of i bushels. The largest quantities he ever got from ! some of the grievous mischiefs, flowing from the mss- I the Act of I arliatneut had been complied with.— • any farni of his wus, in 1805, when the average wascon uct of certain Magistrates. One is occasioned sii The best answer to the sanity of this Gentleman, ) b y fourteen bolls, or rather better than fi fty- .an excessive eagerness to crowd the goals with would be a letter written by himself (which was noti bushels. The quantity of barley produced on the i prisoners, and to swell the calendars with crimes.—z, read). .a‘erage, from land, was nearly the same nomber of; If .t'he LORD CHANCELLOR observed, be would read h er amazing disproportion between the num bolls as of wheat, viz. ten bolls of barley , or about . er o th e committals , and of the convictions, between .over the affidavits before he conversed with Mr. 60 bushels. The average quantity of oats was'' 2 • Limbrey. He could not act upon the certificate of accusation and evidence between hasty suspic i on i d t Doctors Munroe and Powell, as there were affidavits l an lia aal Olt. Committals have been too fre. bushels. The usual price, for letting tur ni p s to be fed off, was about 81. per acre. The hay crop was •on the other side as to. his sanity. His Lordship r quently made eat (in other counties) upon light and generally used on the farm—he calculated about 61.1 su g gested that the a f f i davits of those professional trivial groends, without reflecting upon the evil con. gall acre, for about two-thirds of it, which was de- ' l . su— • sequences of wresting a peasant (probably innocent) • gentlemen might be got in the course of . the day ;and f . pastured. There had been a great increase of pro -; • • •• In case they were obtained, Mr. Limbrev might be from the bosom. of his family—immuring him for time in Scotland of late years; and, by a liberal ap- ' brought - • . " - up to-morrow . morning at nine o'clock. weeks ,or months in a noisome gaol, amongst vicious . Oration of capithl, iu all parts of that country, he I Further consideration postponed. companions,. He is tifterwards acquitted, or not pro. l i eught it might be still increased very g reatl y . The! l . . secuted ; end reterns•a lost man, in health and morals, e rent, which he paid for one farm , T hornton Loch, i to his ruined .and beggared family. This is a hideous, was '29001. which consisted of 600 acres, 400 acres I FATAL COINCIDENCE — ID New Orleans ,. A m e rica, bat c ommo n p i ct ur e . . on the 4th of April last, died Mr. Berthe Gyrme, Again ,. fines and forfeited reco ni ul ' g lances are m - • of which he valued at six pounds an acre, a great ' merchant, aged• 74 years, and one of the oldest - *it'd, throagh tal e , of uraite.- . proportion of the remainder was not arable. Ile had . tive inhabitants of that city. Finding himself Heliintlii been but little in England—there might be great im- , aposed in the middle of the night , he sent f or provements inaafi iiimany places he had seen here, oningo • Fleytas, who, in two - minutes after .. but some parts were eltreinely well cultivated. The 'OI D the pulse of his friend, fell down, when both s , perior rents, in Scotland , he attributed to the pees ; wired at the same instant ! Awe of tithes th e and poors' rates on the English farmer; • r. Berthe Gyrme, Again, fines and forfeited recognizances are mtu- •or coat justice wancu INC ..$ll Ir." of the oldest na- tiptied, through the misconduct of a Magistrate.— attained; but which, that it may bessefit thspots e g er, tiding himself in- lir e •Notla over a prosecutor, under a heavy recesnl should be brought home to his door. Such nu it, he sent for Dr. zance, to attend at a distant assizes, where, it is pro= administration of justice would recutwite inotes after feeling liable that, the man's poverty or private necessities the tower orders of the people, with rum qt i s when both ex- must prevent his attending. The mutt makes default under which they live; and, steno Tety 4isy sit ' • - —his recognisance is forfeited—he is committed to period, I bope, attach them to the law ) ky has . n. • —lie: .., • • f :# . - r isclißrVid at from itts in- treficefutthi • 1 N.., grrArr