The Statesman. — London, England, 1820-12-25 00:00:00

44111 RICAN PAPERS. The New York paper,. lately received contain the prt•ceedings of Congress to the 26th ult. A Resolu tion has been submitted to the House of Representatives for reducing the compensation to Members of Congress, and Officers under Ouvernment, and snottier for re f:ll6n" the military peace establishment. To the fur-. Eier of three it was tibjected that it did not go far enough—that it should be more general and compre hensive. It was accordingly ordered to :ie on the table for further consideration and receiving amendments. The layer, which is in unison with a Resolution of the Senate in the last Session, was carried without division or debate. A Resolution had been carried for ob taiuin4 information trim the Executive, respecting the progress made by the British and American Cum trissiotters, in settling the boundary line between the rnited States and Canada, and the expenees incurred. It is reported that a disagreement has taken place be tween the Commissioners as to certain points of the line, and that the umpirage of a third party mutt he resorted to. The Committee of Commerce has been in structed to inquire into the expediency of admitting Bri fish vessels arriving from the Capeoftlood Hope and the M ouritius, into the ports of theUnitedStates,on the sane conditions as if they had sailed from a port in Brest Britain, so long as those ports are open to the vessels of the United States, on the sante terms and conditions as to British vessels. The Committee of Ways and Means bad reported, that it was inexpedient to grant the prayer of a Memorial front the inhabitants of Salem, for exempting from duty all imported books in the learned and foreign languages, and all works of science in the English language, not re-printed in the United S ates within one year from the period of their original publication. The Senate had passed a resolution for admitting the Missouri territory into the Union as a t!istinct State. The accounts in these Journals from ruenos Ayres and Chili are not so recent as those pee s iotudy received ; and from the Si anish Main they pre *. nt us only with a repetition of the reports which lave already reached us of the re-occupation of Santa re by the Royalists, anti of Bolivar having beer. in dared, by a series of reverses, to open a negociation with Morillo. Boys.' with his army, consisting of 20,000 men, enteled the Cape on the day after this Proclamation amid general rejoicing. CO.IST OF AFRICA. Advice, to to the 3cl of September have been received f.ma our Settlements on the African coast. It will be recollected that the inhabitants of Cape Coast had engaged to pay to the King of Ashantce a contribu- Con of 500 ounces of gold, in return for a stipulation on his part to abstain from disturbing the tranquillity 'of their territory. This engagement was entered into sr:th the permission of the Governor and Council of the Bristol Calory, who, at the same time, annexed a rondition to the Treaty, that the King of Ashantee should recognise the inhabitants of Cape Coast as Bri tish subjects. The 'deices from Cape Coast Castle ►trte, that the Treaty is in a course of fulfilment. The satires have been assisted by the Council, tinder the sanction of the African Company, with a grant of 2114) ounces of gold, and they had made sush progress in collecting the remainder of the tribute, for the re ceipt of which an Ambassador from the King of Ashautee was waiting at Cape Coast Castle. For this assistance rendered to the natives, they hare engaged to keep the country round Cape Coast clear of under wood, which, it is supposed, will render the climate much less detrimental to the health of the settlers. This expence will be defrayed out of the funds for re pairing the roads and for the general improvement of ' Africa. A letter from Fort Accra, dated August 29th, eJntains a sho t narrative, characteristic of the firmness and vigilance of the Commanders of the British ships of war anointed for that purpose, in checking, by every mess, in their power, the disgraceful traffic in slaves. His Majesty's ship Pheasant, Captain Kelly, having anchored in the Danish roads on the 25th, received information that the captain of a Spanish schooner had sent on shore, at Dutch Towo, ,number of slaves, and placed thee► in the custody of one of his agents, to be detained there for hint till his return from a voy age to windward. Captain Kelly sent on shore to demand the surrender of the slaves,allowingonly a few Lours Cw compliance; at the expiration of which, haviug learned by a signal, previously agreed on, from the fort at Accra, that nu slaves had arrived, lie com menced a caiiiionaole on the town. The c hi e f men of the place became alarmed for their safety, and sent to annoatice their intention to deliver up the slaves, if a stop nas put to the firing. They shortly after sent in 20 slaves ; but Captain Kelly, relying on the infor mation he had received that the actual number was 53, recommenced firing, upon which the remainder were sent over.—Care had been taken to point the guns .above the roofs of the houses, so that little or no da mage was done to the town, and the inhabitants were more frightened titan hurt. They were, lion ever, pro perly .admottisionl for their conduct, and threatened with the utmost severity in future if they presumed to repeat it. - - - NEAPOLITAN AFFAIRS. We received yesterday Naples Journals to the 6th inst.; the following are extracts:— Nketax, Dec. I.—" News having arrived in the Abruzzi) that the Congress of Trofipau had iletermine e t to violate our rights, end that force united with pelitical sophistry was to trample justice and reason untier foot, all the population of those three provinces, considering the bulwark of the liberties of the king. dom, flew to arms. Nut only the militia, the legions, 'hut every WO/ that could wield a sword, hrandishedit in defence of the country. , •'Yesterday lieneral Pepe passed in review 7,000 leeionary troops, composed of that class of ci wit° recently Were the terror of all gisoil subjects, anti, threatened the destruction of civil order, but who now„.i animated by the sacred love of country, pant stillmorni than the rest of their fellow citizens for the moment of encountering the enemy. " At six in the evening of the 24th alt., about 250 soldiers of the new levy of the 3d regiment of Hight ' infantry, who weve in quarters near the britlsk..al 'biaddalina, deserted with their arms and bag*: Whether pro.npted ty their vivo tree will to *tins, .etc,t, ... of wickedness. or by the insidious arts of some internal enemies, is unknown. The cavalry followed on their traces, and overtook ab .ut 70 of then., who, intimidat edanti trpeutaut, retie led to their quarters. Others.: who attempted resistance, were taken prisoners. Some stragglers were arrested in the streets by the city patrol, and the residue, who took refuge in the pro-1 since of Salerno, were ail taken or killed by the tia of the district. Only one of them escaped the re ward of his perfidy. Dec. .).—" On the subject of the desertions which took place on the evening of the 24th ult., we have ascertained that no symptoms of a similar disposition appeared in the regiment while stationed in the pro tince, and must theiefore exprem, with much regret, our conviction tkat secret enemies, dispersed and con founded with t!.e population of this immense ca pital, have produced those desertions by their ass . chi:milting." The fullun lug is an extract of a letter dated Naples, Dec. s:— We are happy to state that France has offered her mediation between this country and Austria, and that it has been accepted by our Government. It is hoped that this will prevent a war, and that we shall shortly see the country revive from its present dis tressed state ; for to proceed lung in the way we have been in for the last few weeks, is impossible." In connexion with this intelligence, we may men tion that a letter, dated Dec. 9, from Genoa, states that little oouhr was entertained there that a few posts would bring the news of the breaking up of the Aus trian army in Italy. SPF:RDY, EFFil7lll4L,etsul PERMAIVEAT RE LIEF fur the DISTRESSES Va. CULINTRI. The press of temporary matter prevented the inser tion of the following letter at the time it was original- I ly intended. 'l Le object, however, at which it aims, will always make its topics interesting ; and the cele brity which its author has deservedly acquired, will se cure a reliectfill and candid consideration, whatever may be the objections it may raise. The publication aFpears the e seasonable at the present peril d, not only from the distresses which threaten the country, but on account of the attention which Mr. Owen's plans have recently olstained from the gentlemen of the county of Lanark, who, of course, are peculiarly com petent to ap;ireeilte th , ir merits:-- A LETTER FROM MR„ OWEN TO TIIE EARL OF • LIVERPOOL. TO THE SIGHT 110. TOE EARL 07 Lir Lamm, VIIIST LORD ur TOR TIMM:RV , &4. &C. 4cr. New Lanark, ISO. MY Loan—Unwilling as I have been to come to this decision, wv duty to my fellow-creatures, to our common native, which is mot. su grievously oppress.' ed, compels me thus publicly to enter the lists in direct ', opposition to those measures of political economy upon which you have declared it to be your intention to act, under the mcumulated and accumulating distresses, Which threaten to overwhelm this and many other countries. For your private chareter, my Lord, I entertain feel ings 9f respect and kindness; but the beat intentioueil individual in the world, in your situation, may, by his errors, commit such mistakes, as to plunge an empire into an abyss of misery, and then coolly say, as you dill on the Marquis of Lammlowu's late naution, that you knew of no remedy, except time and pa tience." My Lord, the subject is too urgent and important to permit the waste of time on useless ceremony ; fur a conflict has now publicly c menced betsieen the mea sures which have produced the existing evils, and one intended to remove them and prevent their recurrence in future ; and which conflict, for the sake of the poor and distressed, and the well being of all, oaght to be speedily decided. '1 he measures now supported by your administration are right sir wrung ; if the for mer, then must starving thousands either immediately emigrate, or submit, uncomplaining, to their doom, and die. But if these measures proceed from princi ples of mistaken political economy, and I can satisfac torily prove them to be wrong, then is there hope of better times at hand, that our population may again smile in pit:say, anti that our prosperity may grow, side by vide, with the prosperity of other nations ; and this task I me..o to perform. The individual who thus addresses your Lordship is insignifiraist —owe who sets no value upon himself, who claims no merit, who never will claim or accept reward for any thing lie may do; although, if he cuss succeed iii the devolopement of a few simple principles derived from the laws of nature, he must essentially and permanently benefit his fellow-creatures. Hum ble, however, us he is, he has been engaged for many year, in acqoiring actual experience in the art of go verning ; and lie has, during the same period, ac curately and eloscly watched the progress of your Lordship's .I•llniuistration ; and be concludes that his . proceetiings smelt:arty as familiar to your Lordship. Tbe results of the measures of your avlesinistratiam &aE Is, if von will forgive the comparison; are widely aiElltent. The one, with every imaginable mirac les... has infii, ted misery over a once prosPirous Em- 1 ot 1 te g ; h a . n .n d ! h i :p o i t i l t i l e e r s , s u to nd a e r t n o va io n n y y pec w ti l l i i i a c r h disad s va a nt s ag e e n s ; I l of poverty and misery—a Colony which it was more Idifficult to create at firm, in the midst of the prejnili- ces which surrounded it, than it would be flow to go- I vern a posy eratil nation upon the same principles, pro vided those prejudices were removed. Administration,' of which you are the acknowledged head, has had the most ample means ever put into the hands of men, ,to attain any great and good politic objet—means created ty the extesordinary exertions of millions il your fellow-creatures, abounding in wealth, and aided by wonderful scientific improvements ; your adnsinis trktion, too, has had the willing mind of the most psliverfisl modern Empire to assist, you, when's*: v(iu required its servieeeound, with these, what .4ve von done ? In one word, my •Lord, through t4e errors of the system on which you bare been turtles! to act, you have admirably succeeded in 1 rallsing industry ; in diminishing wealth ; in ~posing. the interest of manufacture* to agriculture, loud of agricnltare to nranuf..cture*, without konWibg Istow to reconcile them; in impoverishing and degra ding the working classes; in generating universal Idirstuuteut; in soultielying the most frightful crimes, and in the adoption of mesenres which pat the Empire to imminent hazard. These are the results of the measures ro long pur sued by your Administration, and in which you have publicly declared it to he your intention to persevere. While your Lordship's Administration has been thus employed, the person who addresses you has been very dilf•rently situated and occupied. From the most thorough conviction of the error and evil arising from old established prejudices, he has had to contend against them ; and, to aid hint in this Herculean task, he possessed no resources dilly kind, except a settled determination to remove the miseries which he dis covered those errors were hourly proslecing through out society. He had to acquire, by his industry alone, unaided even by the common learnin:T of others, all the. means necessary to attain this important end ; and, under such circumstances, " time and patience" were indeed truly necessary to enable bins to secure the object so near to his heart. By these, however, he gradually acquired a knowledge of the science of the influence of circumstances over human nature, with the means of controuling them ; and, by the ap plication of this sci"•nce to practice, he hopes speedily to save civilised society from the misery which it now unnecessarily inflicts upon itself. lie has already, in part, applied this science to influence the character, conduct, and proceedings of a population the least likely to heroine, u it now is, a striking example to this and to other nations. In the midst of the misery which the measures of your Administration has in flicted on this country in particular, he has been per mitted, through a knowledge of this new science, to raise up a people, who, solely through the means of their own labour, are in the actual enjoyment of more substantial advantages, and more solid happiness, than you and your Lordship's colleagues, without personal inspection, after all that has been said on the subject, can suppose it possible to give to human beings ; and yet this is but a were preliminary step to the superior benefits which this science can easily bestow on every one. Stich is the individual who addresses your Lordship, and these are his claims to the attention of the public. The usual candour of your Lordship will admit that the facts whirl' I have stated, if they really exist, are of no ordinary nature; and as their troth or falsehood can t.e easily known, it, is surely, in the peseta state of the country, a duty incumbent un your Lordship's Administration to ascertain whether this statement be a fallacy or a fact. Experience, derived from long practice, has de veloped to me tile knowledge of an invaluable moral science, through which, when gradually and judi ciously applied to the business of life, the immediate distresses of the country will be easily removed, an abundance of vainable employment will be found, anal a state of prosperity will be permanently secured, such as, without a knowledge of this science, must be deemed visionary and impracticable. On the experience of nearly thirty years of successful exten sive practice, guided by this science, I now claim from your Lordship a fair and full public investi gation of these measures, which, after great cost and toil, and much mental exertion, have bees devised solely with a view to give bread to the hungry, and relieve the wretched f the miseries whicb now they most wanceeasurilg suffer. I offer to submit these measures for euminatioti under circumstances, if they contain errors, the most trying for the individual who bas to support and defend them. I offer to he fully examjneti at the liar of both Houses of Patlliament, respelling the science on which they are foUnded—the detail of the separate practical parts of which they are composed —the immediate and remote results which are likely to arise from them—and on every point connected in any way with my proceedings, or with the mea sures which I have to propose. Under these circum stances, my Lord, if I am mistaken, the acuteness, eloquence, learning, and practical knowledge of both Houses, must put an end to my errors of theory and practice for ever. Yet, my Lord, for the benefit of my fellow crea tures, in a full consciousness of the rectitude of my intentions, on a conviction, the strength of which no words can convey, in the truth anal righteousness of the cause to be defended, I willingly oiler myself, opposed to all the prejudices of society, to this fiery or teal. I have the honour to be, my Lord, very respectfully, your Lordship's most obedient servant, ROBERT OWEN. TO THE EDITOR OF THE STATESMAN. quillity, may perhaps withhold him from offering him self as a candidate. As the more riolers.a man pox messes is sometimes seen to create an app cti.e for more, it might be ridiculous to affirm his political integrity is ineorraptiVe; but those who have known him nearly half a retorter affirm, that if he were returned, no infiteeme rod:: be found powerful enough to ineho e bin. to give a corrupt vote. Mr. Leyland began life in an humble capacity; and he has hied two lifts by high prises in the lottery. But as his demeanour has always been marked as respectable and unassum ing, he is much less exposed to reproaches on that head, than some others whose overwhelming pride and arrogance are sure, wh rrrrrr conspicuously din played, to call forth the reminiscences of those who knew them when poor, and living •in obscurity. Amongst the local politicians, Mr. Leyland is classed as a moderate reformer. Of course, he is not an advo cate for gannet: parliaments nor vole/crud sterege. Amongst the ablest and hest informed men in Liver pool, i have found a great number attached to the latter principles. Without condemning their motives, I may be allowed to qnestiun the accuracy of their judgment. What might have been the case in Liver• pool lit) years since, I know not; but I am decidedly of opinion, that the range of poverty is so widely extended, that if Mr. Uobbett's system were tried here, it would throw so many venal votes into the market, that the atcnasr MAN who would descend to bribe the corrupt and demoralized, might be returned by plu rality of votes, with greater facility, than at present. I do nut presume to question the ferrate of the prin ciple, best alone its expediency. I am aware, what powerful arguments might be thrown into the oppo- I site seek ; but I am still sincerely of opinion, if an election were to take place in Liverpool, and every *adult male was to have a vote, that the reselt would exclude the middle class from its proper weight and infinence, and the members would still be returned s hy the least respectable portion of the inhabitants. What Mr. Layland'sopiuions are on these topics,l cannot state, but I should suppose he would not support any greeter change than triennial parliaments, and every tax paying householder to have a vote, though I think he would go thus far in his march with the refor mists. Those who know Liverpool, know also bow very dangerous the streets and lanes in the most close and crowded parts of the town are, from the vast number of cellars inhabited by families. The Mayor has endeavoured to abridge that dangt r by ordering covers to be laid down at dark : he is also very rigid with those who expose their wares for sale on the foot-ways. By those regulations, be cannot avoid of fending those whom he incommodes by fines and restric tions ; but be has the praise of being perfectly im partial, never winking at any kind of irregularity in a rich person, which he would popish if committed by the poor. It may, therefore, be.justly said of the pre sent Mayor of Liverpool, that be is an upright and Independent Magistrate, and a firm supporter of popular rights. • • • s • NR! " taw THE STATESMAN. • €be btattfitnati. " Tin IRITIU STATISSIAII" IS tmeni STATSAVAII." LONDON: MONDAY ITZNING, DICIIIIIIII !3. A copy of a letter is stated to be in circulation from Mr. CANNING to one of his political friends, exhorting him and those to whom he refers, to continue firm in their support of Ministers, notwithstanding his relin quishment of office. His retirement, it is said, he ascribes nut to any hostility to the general system of the present tiovernment, but to his aversion to that pal ticular line they pursued against the Quaay. It would be more to the credit Mr. CANtstrio, we conceive, if he withheld his countenance entirely from adminis tration, at the same time that he withdrew his per sonal support. There is nothing that we can perceive In any of their proceedings that is likely to obtain a character, n Mull a Ktatesinan would regret to lose. Independent of the proceedings proposed against the Queen, the general neglect of the interests of the country, and the ill-fated measures adopted respect ing it, afford abwodant cause fur reprobation. Com pared with the state of our great rivals, as set forth in the speech of the President to the Congress of America, or of that of the King of France, on opening the Legislative Chambers, what a contrast does the condition of E 'gland present Liverpool, Dec. 21. IWO. Sta,—l perceived with regret a material error in the Liverpool article in Tuesday's:paper. The Mayor is too firm a 'loyalist, in the honoerahle acceptation of that too often hacknied and prostituted phrase, to have objected to call a matte utaytNo to address the lii,g; and the constitutional friends of the Throne EXTILICT 01 • LITTS• ItICEIVID 1111031 430PUIVIS, Wished nothing more ardently than fur the desperate OCTOBER 11 sack of ultras who managed the King's Arius soiretlag, 's All business has been suspended . in consequence of ;b-tinge velltated on that measure. It was a private, the entry of President Boyer. He took posseesion of ' or rather a whet meeting which the Mayor most pro- the place on the 20th, with a force that defies opposi perly declined to sanction. And here it may not be don, and none was in. i,i . e. His flag is now flying on the amiss to give yon a brief character 4:f the Chief Magi- I forts Le. Ile last night started for the Cape with the strafe himself. He is strongly attached to the coasts - , ' determination of taking possession of, and holding all lotion in Church. and State. He has ever appeared i 'this part of the island. Ills advanced guard I under age a consistent and modest °lnserter of the motto , " Fear God cad hamoar the rimy, :" In other words. stand met with some resistance aloeit eight miles from h e i s w h a t i s termed in thi s b oroug h is 4 thug an d ' this place, and I presume there will he Aghtiag before cherch" man ; but at the same time, unlike John the north will snhinit to his government. Several co d---e, he is. also attached to the constitutional limns of Boyer's troops are a4vancing into vigil part of eights and privilege% of tile people. It may therefore the country in various directions, and their strength, if be readily sopposed that if so truly-loyal a magistrate correctly reported, will he slifinient to carry his views bad considered that the faeious nitres who met at the i n to e x e cution against the disaffected forces of the late Bing's Arms Inn, had been actuated by public and Chrisioplie. As•nmeli rejoiced as most of the people in 1 loninurable motives regarding the safety of 1: e uio this part of the island wort at the termination of Chris- Fillarch EA the stability of the throne, that be wo uld toplie's tyranny—still many of them do not appear very base acted is that Junta wished. Mr. Leyland is cordially disposed to he governed hy.Boyer. They wish mensidered as one o f the richest nusechants in Great to haveracblef of their o •n, and the latePrinee or lAtni•e Britain; and ii bile he lives. as a gentleman, is sup (Oen. Iteiny) is said to hats a large party in Isis favor. posed nut to espend the ioterest sloe Waren of his . The old_ prejudices between Marks and Mulattoes are 'Maple revenues, lie is married, but hai no children. 'His two nephews, if they outlive him . will probably reviving anew, and it is n unlikely bat that the old scenes of bloodshed and 4.assaere are again to be acted. ishe.it . tbt bulk othis tact fortune . lie is very gene- : . In ibis phase the paraded war and quietness iI realised 'gaily respected as an upright and impartial magistrate. If he p l ease d . t h em i s "d au n t b ut h e a m id racism his Sine* the President's trn•p• eau* In, thieve has been no return as a member fur thisßorougb. His conduct on the disturbers., or violation of good order. Tin Money is . present occasion will, and toostdeservedly, add mach to pouring in in also i • Dee: and is beginning to pass his popularity. But his advanced age and love of tran- tolerably current." . • 2 -..