The Statesman. — London, England, 1820-07-07 00:00:00

THE STATESMAN. 011101611 6 ser , Itigrewero if was dleeovered, was 11 several of the languages of Europe, an ac .l.7with which might have been necessary to the rtalo 1 the Commission, and therefore it was seers ' mg en make use of the interposition of an interpreter. trOMMieman was then added to the Omenussion, awl 118 did not know, nor did he ewe to know langh.)—This corps cr espionage proceeded to the aio c havge of their mission, and were employed for msse time, when the great commander himself, the 'Vice- Clancelior, thought it necessary to look after his little a rmy of observation. That gentleman did assuredly go to Milan, and returned to this country on the 19th of December, ism With respect to the expense of the Commission, he understood that it was very great. Whether or not the tribunal under the Commission was open or secret he did not know, but he was convinced that the existence of it was known to Ministers, and that it ens impossible it could go on without the knowledge also of the Austrian Uovernment. Again, he believed he cm correct in stating, that the Report of use COMlllission ers was received by Ministers a year ago. Here he begged to deity that the hostility against the whole proceeding was an idle clamour confined to a few persons. It was ao loch thing. The outcry against it extended from the Land's End to the Orkney Islands. The quest i on was sot whether or not theineen was guilty ; but whether or ant the highest subjett in the realm should have that justice which was not denied to the meanest. Was this justice extended to her? It was not. She was first teemed, by baring bee ease pre-judged, by th e 1:-Mtilievernment towards her; and oast by the I Bli t . INA any appeared from the Report on the table, wit t o ss e Lords. Retu rning aga i n to t h e ul t.:ore lit th e wage of the Commission, he understood it mamma to M less a sum than 33,91.10/., of which 11,011111. wssedemsoduring the first five months. Now be wood 'siege lisehalf Ibis sum, employed in buying up a la s ,* ammo one of the rascally people in Italy, to blacken St showmen of all the men and' women in geglend.—(Cbeers.)—The Uallant U a I then moved, that an Isamble Address be presented to his Majesty, praying that be 'mild be graciously pleased to give di rections to the proper officer, to lay before the House a cope of a tommisnoa, or l'ommissions of Instruction, or Instructions, issued by the command of his Majesty since the departure of her Majesty from the kingdom in 1511, for taking depositions, or making inquiries re specting her conduct, together with an acconnt of all mins of money expended by the said Commission, and by whom such sums were issued. Lord CASTLES/AVM could assure the Hon. Gentle- man, thst, as far as regarded the expence of this Cods. missi o n, the establishment of it, and the other circum stances connected with it, as far as he was concerned in them, he bad no wish for concealment, sides he was convinced they would well bear the light. But the Hon. Gentleman's motion did not finish here ; the mo tion called fur disclosures on the part of his Majesty at the commencement of proceedings in a manner never asked before. Upon this ground he must oppose the notion. as premature; and he should do so by moving the previons question. At the same time he had no hesitation in stating, that information of facts, fur- Dishing Hut ground-work of the Bill now in the other House, reached the Government through so many channels, that unless Government were bound to that their ears to the honour of the Crown and if the country, and to become negligent of the honour of their master, it was imperative in them to recommend to the King to institute inquiry.— The Comatirdea was therefore mut oat, bat It was 6 la a repair official established institution ; nor were the Goverment anxious to fish for, or obtain in formation in the manner intimated by the Gallant C-neral, or to endeavour, by the agency of corruption, to destroy the character of an illustrious individual ; nor were all the information drawn from Italy, it was derived from various parts of the Continent, and from various channels. The Government, when they found reports so strong, considered that it would be the pruperest coarse to be adopted, to send out per sons of irreproachable character, and undoubted in tegrity, to ascertain whether the reports, circulated against this illustrious female, were well founded or not. And, as regarded the part which the Vice-Chancel lor had taken is this inquiry, he could not consider the steps he had taken in 'defence of his master's character and honour, as any blemish on his own. And with respect to the Gentleman actually seat out, the purity of his character, the gravity of his man aers--(a laugh)—Uentlenten might laugh, but he entsidered the selection of such a porson preferable to sending out a young man, though the latter might probably have been more adroit in getting into family secrets.--{A laugh.}--/rho sending out a person who did not understand the language was aloe .a reef of the correctness of the motives which ope rated in the minds of those who appointed the Consission; and so precaution was neglected to hop the whole ingairy purely judicial. As to tie *pe k e, sad the modes employed, when the raitiss eee came he woul d he ready t o eater into it arealment. A t t h e same ties, the anode adsytsd by the /isle. OtieVii Mast be deprecated by him Ile panaking moritif political party than the real per mit el justice. lisiatlomen, in theft seal, went anxious to lisp at ow bap deo midst of this grave sad import. am impiry, whoa Is was mutely comaiescel lie bad Pleillthrly seaspinia of being thus forced into pew- • martial aggamodoo k tos t t e were. be piemi bs raebn o iresl, for the hpingrh aid posl4. H. declared hinree er l i f ° l ls pen to all :71: 14. 1 1 b i tal swe }tad itaimmipemjc, b e n e t it e fe m ee Ls i t ie p : ot e es ec t i nithseihm " No • by moving the previous maim • taaata iyWit* i@to of what bad been said um manna Loni. woo *opinion that the motion Og Nike Pdsod base iroey prope r one, and that the 11 to a ray peeper moment for making it. The of was Maw pursued by Bill in the Houle litialiffi li tteli shiste-. ealkd by the most la Priend had hereupon de mands, .s au t i tti this infernal Milan, or I ta all which these charges were foaled , L_ L mag lae Am Wets he the pease sad efiois of this '""" alfamelMor• It was a sew Wag for the King of ess. 7 l : Van bb Comesissloo is fallow his sub- • __, W• Pink a s l hpoine Him with spies, sad `"" pp • the charges thus eolleetad into a Bill In' Parliament. This Ile was the mere dasgermas.wh eu an irreepossible ar e d sf the Crews was at th e h ea d o f i t, fee it was to be re amp thal it was Der. Leach who had pet this system Into operation. It became Ilse more dan gerous hen it was an irrespoissibk sorram of the King tX i viudictire belies. of his master. He r. C.) salialsiwed. that this Vies-Chaseellor was a riledearbez ihro public pease.—(A haigh.)--PedintA IN tithes he mrpleised hisseelf, t= might not be es ta laugh.' lo the year ISI4 a ll the unhappy betwees the King sad tile Quota bad been fwd. There had been an arrangeie . est on all points —an arrangemeot as to money, recoinniended by the authority of his Majesty's Ministers — an &realignment as to residence, settl e d by the interference of one of than. After this it was impossible that his Majesty's Ministers cellist have sent a Commission after the Queen abroad. It was impossible that the Noble Lord (LorilCast lereagh), with the conduct he had followed,' or the Right Hon. Uentlenuin (Mr. Canning), with the sentiments he en tertained towards the Queen, could have recommended such a step. It was this Vice-Chancellor, Mr. Leach, then, who had kept alive all the •indictive feelings of , the King towards the Queen.—(Order !)—He repeated, it was Mr. Leach who had kept alive the vindictive feelings of the King towards the Queen.—(Order !) , He knew not what the term vindictive meant, if it was not applicable to this case. His Majesty had proceeded against the Queen several years ago, and though she had been then acquitted, the prosecution was now re newed. If this was not vindictive, he knew not what was. To the Vico-Chancellor and his Commission then was owing all the trouble in which the House and the country had been involved. It was all to be attributed to this Vice-Chancellor and his confederates, the Aus trian Emperor and the Italian spies, and the English lawyers and E ng li s h money. Th e Noble Lord would not deny that the evidence on which the proceedings against the Queen had now been founded had \ been in the iPOS• session of Ministers for twelve months. It was evident from this, that the Ministers did not consider the pro= secation a 'natter of State, or they must have prosecuted long ago. They negotiated also at St. Omer's, and they negotiated in this country : then there was a resolution from the House, stating that the affair was a family difference, and the offence of the Queen, for which she was proceeded against, was now confessed to be, that she would not consent that her name should be left out of the Liturgy, her offence before having been, that she had dared to land in England. Here then was another ground of charge against this Mr. Leach, that they were urged, in consequence of his measures, into proceedings utterly subversive of the Laws and Constitution of the kingdom. If, on the evidence of spies, which had lain by for a twelvemonth, submitted to a Secret Committee, without any opportunity for the examination or cross examination of witnesses, charges of adultery were to be preferred against the Queeu, and made the foundation of a Bill of Penalties, and if this Bill was carried, the Con stitution of this country was utterly subverted, and no person of any degree was safe. They had, therefore, a right to have this Mr. Leach before them, lie (Mr. Leach) had to answer too, in another shape. lie was the enemy of his Sovereign, fur no man could say what, lin consequence of the advice which had been given, would be the situation of his Majesty. It was evident the proceedings against the Queen was purely a private charge, it was the King wanting to get rid of the Queen.' The King was advised to come before them as an indi. I vidual, and he would be obliged, in justice, to submit to all the conditions of those who applied to Courts of ; Equity ; he must come into Court with clean bands— , (Order, order !)—lle maintained that he said nothing disorderly, and he should maintain that it was Mr.; Leach who had brought the King into this situation. If be had brought forward a woman taken in adultery.; they should remember that it was their duty to act on the precept of the gospel, " Let him that bath not sin-' tied cast the first stone."—(llear, hear !)—lt was the Vic e who had brought them to this. He knew the term recrimination could not be used, which properly applied only to a Court of Law, but it was necessary, when any person of any station applied for extraordinary relief, that he should do so nth clean bawls. Many of them were is possession of facts, which would have gone with them to their grays, het which, in this peinful ease, it became nesewry for them to state.. The Bill stated, that her Majesq had been living in a state of adultery. It would hecome their d u ty th en t o inquire whether, when the Princess of Branswick, the cousin of his Ma- ; jesty, came to this country to be married, his Majesty, ; then Prince of Wales, was not himself living in adul tery? What the result of that inquiry might be he knew rot; but he was sure that the necessity of such an l inquiry had been brought on them by the advisers of, the Crown. When the Message was first brought down to Parliament, he (Mr. C.), an humble individual as he was, warned the House of the consequences of such a proceeding. He saw with pain that the proceedings I were calculated to shake the sober, moral habits of the country; and be thought it absolutely necessary that the House should have this Milan Conimission before them, that they might see at once by whose authority these evils had been brought on the country. The previous 9uestion on Sir R. Fergusson's motipe, " that this trestion be how put," passed in the negative, without a division. ROLLS ESTATE.—Mr. Coustres iv obtained leave to bring in a Bill to appropriate the rent of the Rolls Estate to the Master of the Rolls. KINLI'S MESSAGE. Lord CAPTLIRIAGH, in rising to propose the ad journment of the debate on the King's Message re specting the Queen, said, he regretted that the Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Creerey) who had spoken on a former motion bad now left the House. '1 he obserratioss of the Hon. Member were a proof how far a Member might go within the bounds of the Orders of the I House. Ile (Lord C.) knew it was most unbecoming 1 for a Minister of the Crown to interrupt a Measlier i■ his observations on the conduct of the King, and cer- I tainly if the feeling of the Noose had made no iwpres i 1 sion on the Hon. Member, it was improbable•that any thing he (Lord C.) could have said would have bad any effect; but he protested solemnly in the face of the House and the country, that the terms which the Hon. Member , laad applied, and which no *se had applied ,before to the feeling of the King, were altogether am warranted by the fact; that nothing had been so laud able as the conduct of bis Majesty through the whole of this trying case, and above all, nothing so far re moved from any thing like a vindictive spirit. Those who spoke with any knowledge of the real state of the transactions, must bear witness that his Majesty had lent himself with the utmost forbearance to any mea sure which could protect the country against the disaster of this Inquiry. If the country wad sow to be aMieted with this inquiry, it was to the Ministers and not to the King that it was to be attributed.i. : It now became necessary to consider what was the na tural and becoming proceeding with respect to tie Message, the consideration of which wet at pewit axed for to-morrow. In reply to the Message of his I Majesty, the House had immediately afterwards re solved that they would take it late monsidtratima with out delay. The House, however, was of vial's that the disclosures that mast attoad the inquiry lato.the ' Message refereed to would better be avoided, and for that purpose, had voted an Address to tie Queea. By the answer of the Queen the House was plated la a sew situation, as she demanded a fall inquiry into her conduct. He ►ad thought it his duty to submit a proposition to the Peas; but. as Jumada 1 proceedings bad beta instituted is member Islam' sad I a Bin h a d been broiled is, the melee he had given I was rendered totally unoeeeitary, as the Aject of her I - Majesty, in desiring a fall invesdgadon, wield be at- tamed by the steps that were taking in the Upper House. In the House of Commune the question, be thought, should be kept open, and in a suspensive, not in a concluded state. But though the question was nut to be discussed in that House, still the House might choose to look at the information, with a view to forming an opinion on the conduct of Ministers. Though the House of Lords would probably send down a Bill to that House, yet, by possibility the Bill might be thrown out in the other House, and the House of Cumulous might choose to learn the grounds of such proceedings. lie should move, that the order of tu mor:tie, for resuming the adjourned debate, be post poned to the Isth of August, when, if the House was not sitting, as there was no likelihood, it would be come a lapsed order. Sir M. W. RIDLEY rose to move an amendment. He was not disposed to indulge in irrelevant observa tions on the present question, for he considered it not a private but a public one ; and according to his view, the parties were the public on the one hand, and the Queen on the other. He regretted that the Ad dress to the Queen had not been acted upon.—But had he been aware of what had since taken plate, be would not have joined in that Address. Ministers bad acted wrong in recommending a compromise if they thought the charges against the Queen well founded. He differed from the Noble Lord as to keeping the affairs in what he had called a suspensive state. The case had now assumed a different aspect atter the legislative proceedings that hail taken , place in the other House. Was it consistent with jus tice to keep a second Court of Inquiry hanging over the Quee■ should she he acquitted by the first. He wished to learn whether, in the event of the Bill being thrown out by the Lords, it was meant to institute any ,roceeilings in that House, or to found any measures upon the green bag that had been laid on the table. He must oppose whatever tended to keep the proceedings in a suspensive state, and should move that the first order be discharged. Lord Casvmtassait stated, that no criminal pro- ceedings could be founded on the green bag that had been laid on the table. Mr. HINNET stated, that the country would go along with the sentiments that had been delivered by ids Hots. Friend (Mr. l'reevey), and the Ministers were hound to stand up for the character of their master, as by their advice be had entered into a compromise with a woman against whom such odious accusations bad been brought; and in that compromise they had consented that she should be addressed and treated as Queen. One, how. ever, of the Ministers differed on this subject from his colleagues ; for the Right H on . ti ent l eman o pp os it e (Mr. Canning) had declared that his attachment to the Queen was still unabated, which could not possibly be the ease if he believed her guilty of the climes imputed to tier.--(Hear, hear !)--The intention of Ministers seem ed to be, that if a verdict could not be obtained in one wsy, it should be in another. In the Committee of the House of Lords there were four Cabinet Ministers, and no doubt could exist as to the Report that would be made. No man could see the end of the inquiry, and the boldest might shudder at the consequences. When the subject lint came before the House, no man could raw; spit with less of party feeling than himself. llis Hoe.' PAW (the Member for Wincheses) bad is his pommies a document by the late Mr. Whitbread, recommending to the Queen not to leave the country; but she bad preferred the advice of the Right Hon. ()po thole. (SIT-Centline), and that was the cause of all that had taken place. Her opponent was the King, who had a direct in/Genes in the other House by means of rib bons and garters. [Per the OPPlldlitiON of Debate see 'Next pawl PKIC3II or mums Tll Bask Stook 3 per Coat. Rod. en 3 per Ct. Coos. Nag 16 per Coot. 777 4 per Coots. 931 6 pre s et. Ni,. 101 1091 Long Ann. 171 13-10 lump. S par Coot. Ann. 6 D.IY AT ONE O'CLOCK. India Atoll Ditto Bonds Old Annuities 00 Es. Hills Id. Os. Os. pas. Ditto Cos. Ouches I plu. Con. for As. 7141 . Lott. Tickets i 0 10s. Cl)t ibtatrOmatt. TSB •UUTIN' STATIIIIIR' • 1. INC wrne " Tat ITILISSN Mt." LONDON; 111114112111, JVLY 7. Mt So many delectable stories are in circulation respect ing the amorous connexion which her MAJRSTT is SC. cased of baring indulged abroad, and the readiness and alacrity which the Wean has evinced to meet and rebut the charges so seriously preferred against her, lead the public to expect a most amusing and dramatic termina tion to the prosecution now instituted. That her MA JESTS has it in her power to remove all doubts of her in nocence, and satisfy inquiry, bvfore it covers her prose cutors with disgrace, we can firmly believe, from the eagerness she testifies to communicate information by her Counsel at the Bar of the House of Lords. After' the presentation of another Petition from the Quests to the Upper Deese last sight, both her Counsel appeared at the Bar. charged to communicate information which, I it was apprehended, would produce an important effect on the CAMINO of their Lordships'. Messrs. BROUGHAM and Denman IMO sot, however, allowed to enter into partieslan. They were desired to comfits* themselves merely to thp mode of procedure to be adopted in re geed Its tl progress of the MI t and thus the puffer. mem of the repudiating drama will be allowed to pro ceed, lib* all pod farces, until the various acts of folly bring ekthe crisis of discovery and universal laughter. By her anxiety to be heard, her Blantyre seems to say— , • If the sus of all the criminality you can impute to me is comprised In the charge relative to Busman, I can colonsetsicatit to you, even in this stage ed your pro ceedings, such Information se shall convince you further prosecution of the emmeares so Injwileisasly began, I weeld be aboard end unnecessary." The advocates of ' the degrading and Divorcing Bill seem, however, to have no stomach at pressat for Niels intensities. It will burst apes the. is a deed of lifibtt new 'BM has proved herself to be so simpleton. It is aeltiewledrd by' her eseades, that she is s roma of erase ad ability. Yet her ealardators raid 'spats . 5 * ler WM of which are bat ar parer• d the weaker ere erlehe guilty. Her NAJarte has set hen igreast that grey stop she has takes, ad every art of her life shoe* she Irk this terry. an bees watched by spies and lahoweers. It it roadster with reason, sad all that we bar herd I of her nevoid of nisi% tbai she Midd have the example of wilabed ttlld dbworobliblir paled to her. Ilse raosetabie hails. constantly been atteaded 4 'mild have Missed in her salt* had her conduct partaken of the flagrant character attributed. Should out that the paramour so kindly given unfortunate sod illustrious exile as a companion night aad by day, is a lonnteu in disguise, lees being whom report bas made the redoubled a powerful Monarch, and who now waits exatniaation, the situation in which the framers Pains and Penalties Hill will be placed by mess to catch at phantoms, and render the i orders a la (Eon treasonable, will equal meat of amusing confusion which the stage bited for a long time. Whatever may he the anticipations of the extraordinary affair in hand, and however disgraceful the final condition, of leer MAJESTV‘, series, it is impossible for any iinpardid mind to to the proceedings yesterday in Parlitinent ing seriously concerned fur the present sir Warts. Subjected as her case had been to tion of a Secret Tribunal at Milan, prejudged than a year upon the testimony of witnesses had had nu opportunity to contradict or con , now brought forward, on their nnaifted be submitted to tire complicated form of and jediciiii prorednre, we find it exposed merit which, were we diffident of the strer.gtl defence, would make us tremble for the priced of the advantage of an unbiassed pendent of each other, and of parties in and disposed as well as sworn to form their the charge according to the evidence they is subject to a tribunal in which Pier among bet judges, in which prejudice cam have prevailed, and where influences, inaduti: unknown in other Courts, must, from the human mind and the nature of things, produce , ter distinct and different from skat which males dicatures in general the admiration and the world. It would be inconsistent with the owe and feel to the constituted authorities to doubt the integrity or honour of any of but it would be inconsistent with the impressions have received if we did not lament the praceedin. yesterday. Paris Papers of the 4th inst. have this rived in town ; they are, as usual, detuid —lt is stated in them, that couriers are passing through that country front England —Presets Funds, Five per Goats., 7* f. 11 „ op -- A Paper of this morning says, that about . yesterday, Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt waited urn jesty with the Bill presented the evening ' the House of Lords, by command of tbei; - Her Majesty canoe into the room, and Bill, with great calmness and apparent trooper words which she used were not distinctly - or were not accurately conveyed. They however, to-be, in substance or sound like ing:—" I am easy that it conies so late, as years ago it might have been of some use jesty" (indicating, probably, that it might to set aside ber daughter's claim to the . What followed was more audible:—" But, as we not meet in this world, I hope we shall in the next (pointing her hand towards Heaven, and then with great emphasis), " where justice will' me." She requested Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt, opportunity, to convey these sentiments to . Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt is said to hare been . fected on delivering the Message to the Queen. had not seen her Majesty since she was ' King's how. Five of the persons who are to.gire evidence her Majesty are stated to have arrived in ' the care of a Messenger named Ansberger, not suffer any person to be on board the him on crossing from Calais. It is understood these persons have been under the care of Government for some time. Extract of a letter from Charlestown, dated of June :.•••••• We have received late accounts ' ratieas and IA %its to the Ist of May, statin "-, ., a serious commotion or revolutionary ephritli*iste4 among the natives, and General Meeillo . tdh sli measures for restoring sprier and obedience of arms, but with very little shame of ' 1 Provisions were in great abundaate, be!, to be bad to purchase them' in consequence _ several vessels had refereed in St.:TheMiles with, , cargoes on board. Bolivar's fore*, on the eliine)ee, were represented to be le a very4llleient state : 0-- wasted nothing but arms tow Into the blade • wise were daily joiaiag dm revulatimsaty * Operations ball been dobwod for kWh, tithe rains, bet as woe as the rainy season wis - mid roiminsace." 11. *Wrath, of toisseineaeo took plus yesterday at Tamorsall's in the binds* es -the 011•1111111ne:Sk . . . i lredas won the King's Hundred at Fib re heats, boating' • Hoopoe, brother. le Panes. • • ' ‘ • • _ ~... . Coan-fferissise. Jour I.—Modelliee UMW . IMMO at essehot this misiedni, prime siteld• of vill‘ je t ty= Mamboed Asil mo mesh as Ms Illeatlay, sod ' sets Musk brisker he Net .1 led . ." 11 . 11 * . titans us dull la salon ileg motes yir ie l . mit: L ai. . . . = w are is. per qualim doom* t he. " . .7.• ..7 '..,-. • ; limrss e amt fees. imestrao .. . . . • daffiliffellide•—Fereaffa imn i •- • Cre aims ~ • . . &M ail , • ' ealiVa er lk U .--- 'estrallisa. is. , J.' si Boases . . . . . . /o. OA le N. cotes . . . .. . O&M so th.llll. Ilbsep. es. . . . SLIM es tb. eh Pleb. • • • . NAT 'STRAW. • It les. ed. to M. NIL &Lie It. es. W. to • bow ekblisited indecency 10- *hem she hes ; Atsed to follow in any degree lbould it turn ;inn to the companion by e, orthe bane , oubted rival of at Celais for framers of the by their read!. institution of Si any predicts- stage has eshi• • he issue of the , , r ludicrous or • JESTS'S adver- " wird to attend , nt without be- ituation of the I the ittre.tigs- dged for more its whom she coal-out, and ' evidence, to • f a legislative sed to a treat- , rength of her result. He- -41 Jury, rode- in the State, cir verdict on hey hear, she • accusers are •annot I'4 to • idutissible and nature of the . duce a charac • - Ifla Les our J u- le model of th, tieferenre we • es of the State r its ntembers: apressions ae • noceedings of • s morning ar- id of interest re constantly sod and Italy.. 15 c. • • • ' ut one o'clock upon her Jla- iog before io , ir Lordships. received the temper. The v understood, ey were said, se the follow- 's twenty-live - se to his Ma- t hare tended the 'i lironc). ,t, ea we shall in tht u)•xt," thee adding, Il be rendered , if he had to t his Majesty. ere much at- Queen. Ile s living in tie dente against I town, under r, who wonl.l • vessel with derstood that the : Austrian .44 Aged the Ath • lets froth Ca . - ' "• stating, that . • • . 1 4Isted :4 • , . em its bed by bi leree ken • t if 'seems.-- sponey not • . nee of which • tote I's whit their • 0 0 1 0941 1 4 t • • • kail. • ; state iher. , • •••! • Abior • • ty iitaa44, • •,••-". • Haig by the.: Is my tbty . . 1.. • ' • • • • ' • rafardaY sett: - 6 Web. is . WI • • • k . itrsa -• I= a ritora- 11.1. J • • • • • igrarriti * . ' • • . : *ea ‘,.,. -t^ ' • • i • PA' s. , :•" • • • • • Ik i • • • • . M• • 411. MIL At: - u. AI OIL I