The Statesman. — London, England, 1820-11-11 00:00:00

.I)OCTRINE OF POPULATION: Mr. Godwin has just published a work on Popsla lion, in which it is his object to show, that the' doc trines advanced by Mr. Malthus on this subject are al together unfounded. Mr. Malthus bad assumed, from some hypothetical; calculations of Sit William Petty, on the number of r il.lren which teeming women can bear,—some loose antions in the writings of Dr. Ntyles, &r.—a calettla-! Imo of Enler, %hewing the various periods of doubling, a cording to the rate of excess of births over the deaths, that the population of a country, if left on hecked, could double itself, by propagation alone, crew 25 years. The Censnses of North America were eentidently appealed to in support of this doctrine, which has been received by all the political econo v.,:sts of Europe. Many it silly declamation has been poured out against 'lr. bialtlias, but no one before Mr. Beduin thonght of examining the data on which Mr. Malthus's stru-ture rests, to see whether they really bore him o•u in bit conclusions. Mr. tloolwin has been at some pains to ascertain the ontent of female produetiveness. A variety of data on Vein subject art. to he found in the work of the laborious S. l •lsueulch, and the most arcurate Tables, containing all the information which a philosopher would wish to obtain respecting the progress of popula'ion in a coun try, have been kept in Sweden for more than half a century. The lists from every part of. Europe, town as well as country, give four children only to a near ri ire. Ise Sweden, in particular, as appears fr 't. lists, al t every female, on attaining the mat tinge al.tle age, changes her condition. If this is the rate of productiveness in Europe, what is it in North A merira? The returns (Junior.' fr that cannery, a s might be expected, exhibit precisely the same result : amt in America, as well as Europe, the muleteer of children to a marriage is four. The nest point to be ascertained Is, the law of enter- Oily. This is pretty well known in Europe, hut we p . few returns on this aubjeet from North America. It is known, however, that the talitv is greater there than in Europe. All nett ly settled c. 'entries arc more unleealthy than old countries; end North A nierica in particular, from all accounts, is much in re unhealthy than any country in Europe. In Suellen, which is a healthy runners% the excess of 1.: rtles over the deaths, is nearly that oleic!' Sosemelels Ls. signs as the average for whole provinces in ordinary., p•;irs. namely, as twelve or thirteen to ten. Sweden may be said to he cut off from the rest of Europe, send ing forth few ens:grants, ami receiving few emigrants. Prone this eireemistance, it hag hero found possible to compare the population as taken at a particular period, With what it ought to he, by adding to the preceding enuenera:iiin the births, and subtracting the deaths, .-1 the intervening period, in order to see whetlior the re.- 1 stelt approximates. to the most enumeration, which it floes to within a wonderful degree of nearness In 51 y e a r ., fruits 1751 to ISIIS, a period of internal transpeilit:, the population increased from 2,229,611 to 3,320.617, nearly one half. flow happens it then, that with no more births than those of Sweden, North .America, where thetleaths are lure numerous in proportion to the births, has increased its population between 1790 and I:s 111, from 3,929.326, to 7,239.903, while Sweden, in 61 years, only in ere.:sed its population one half Mr. Iloclwin, with the assistance of a friend. Mr. David Booth, has analysed the North American l'en mese., and cleared tip this mystery. The world believed too readily the assertion of Mr. blolthns, that the American increase was not owing to emigration. slr. llooth has prove-eh that it it on ing almost entirely to emigration. Ily table hr has .'own with what amaving rapidity population is in creased by theallllllllo influx lf a comparatively small number of picked propagators. Ile then analyses the Cettcuses, and thews, how materially they differ fr those of a regular society. When enumerations ate eaten every ten years, it is obvious, exclusive of im migration, that in any particular Census the persons ' living above 10 years of age must Lave all existed in the Census immediately precetling. In that of • It4lo, fJr instance, all above ten formed 'art of the poi illa tion of IMMO, and are in reality the same, except in a‘mneh as they are diminished by death. Now, the a bite popnlation of !SOO was 4,305,971. These in I , slo would, without immigration, leave been, by the rmst favourable law& that have hitherto heel' observed of human to rtality, diminished by n to fourth, leaving 3,200,000 alive. lint the actual Census above ten y-ars of age watt 3;845,309, giving a snrplns of 6 1N,3c 1 9. which can only be accounted for by Immi gration. 'f he (*pilaus of 1811/ contains also t,016,704 el:Hilt:en under ten years. Part of these, too, as pro ceeeing from itundgrants, shonlll hr added to the ; and. thetefore, of the 1,556,122 persons, trl-leh the Census of 1,10 exhibits beyond that of boll, it is clear that nearly one-half was melded by direct immigration. In an indigenous society there a I. yearly a fourth of its nuentr-rs above forty-the 'ears of age. Elvis the continued immigration into America, the higher area bear uo proportion to the rest. In none of the Lnited States is the number of persons above forty-See more than from 16 to 17 per cent. of the population, while in many of the newly aet:led districts they do not etceed seven or eight. Einelin;, therefore, that the number of children to a marriage is the sante in America as in Europe, and the the irortali:y is not leis in America than iu Europe, tb it the increase in America is clearly di.- e.lnsttated to have arisen chleilly from mulgrattoo, we must exclude America front all reasonings ou to: rate at which Wiakind can increase is uumber. The population returns of this country are of little use to th.' statistical inquirer. We into' , that our population has itiercused, but it certaialylas not in- . creased at the rate of that of &mien- 11 tears of 1631 is eridentli inaccurate , mad thoogii.loom 110U1 to 1611, there' been an increase, that increase has not been so great as stated iu gee retorts. If we take the nuu.ber of houses for a guide, and suppose I 4e mine number of people to a house in 1690 as in 1611, the population at, the former period was up wards of . 1 m illions, while at the Islam it was 19,4911.0011. Mr. Itiektnann's calculation from the Ilogissernd flaptisuas is not to be tierethil on. as Lary have evideutly beta very irregularly kept. The' kiet.ea certainly fall far *Wort of the trimysaseber. For THE STATESM N . instance, 61 maliona'of people, at the rate of the tisrediA tables, would pr oluee all the births of ISOI, 'while the return makes our population then 9,16 M,OOO. Taking all circumstances Into consideration, there is every reason for supposing with Mr, tiodwin, that the increase of the population of tivreden being nearly one half in 34 years, is the greatest that has yet taken place in any country where there has been no immigration. 1.111" INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF KING'S BENCH, Nay. 10. Tlw Cotirt was n.•rttpird the %bole day in hearing applications fur nen trials. iu castes tried on the cir cuits and at the late Sittings at lluildhall. Thou). 111 it had been matter of observation that the business on the rircitits was incon►ide-able in amount, yet we believe that a greater windier of applications fur new trials w:is tie% er made in any former Term. Mottium yet remain to be made in nearly seventy causes. Woo,, r. BuirrucavoN Ann tartlets—This was an aetion upon the case, tried before dl r. JuAtice Park at Lancaster. The defendants are proprietors of a stage - coach running fr Burn•, in Lancashire, to Bohm), in the same comity ; and the plaintiff, being All nut side passenger, was, with the coach, overturned by, the 11..gligence of the driver. The Jury found a ver. diet for the plaintiff. _ _ Mr. Sea I.eiT now moved for a rola to %hew came why the verdict should not be aside and a num.:nit entered. The declaration, lie ciiiitervileil, set wit a c.intract betwren the plaintiff and she defendants: and, in the case of Wheel r. Kiisg, whieli was an action upon the warra Ilf ry of ' , herr —4114 is the rase of Corals r. Greenland, an action upon the warrantry of a horse—it hail I. ern held Out, a here a r•intract formed thr basis of a ease, the contract most be suailr out as against all the contracting parties, if more than one. In the present ease the a..tion WaS brought against ten inilit dig, and eight only upon the trial, hail been fixed as proprietors. Thr Limn teitia-Jrscrice did not see Clearly that a contract was set out in the terms of the declaration. The objection %liken by Mr. Scariest creainly did not „u to the justice of th- rase. As a doubt existed, the fours %%until not interfere; but it was op e n to the def. iiilant to have the point discussed ni on the record. —Hide refii.eil. Lraro.ii li.ntleutan at the Bar, we understand, is iu•trurted to u o n•r fur a nen• tri.J, on behalf ut Ir. lwiiikots, who tt a. emilicte.l of a blasphemous hle.•l brf.re Mr. Ju,tiie Itest, at the Lite Sittings at liniluhall ; the t roniiil io i r that the defendant was improperly restrained iu the latitude of his defence, in riiits , iptenre of the numerous tines imposed upun hint prod, nit tile. VENT PEIO l'ltT.—Sur. 10. Inc TIM UV W3B. JlEßuu K. %X INPOLVFNT. This case excited great interest in Court during its itivrstigati oo , and it ocrupiett the attention of the Court a great part of the ti 'llse Insolvent was opposed by Mr. (71• R% non, nn behalf of most of the creditors names' in the Insolvent's sclirdtde, and was supported by 3lessrs. PohLot K and 11E.s.rn. mainell in any public-Louse, and they would unload the cart and bring it bark to him, but which he re fused. The insolvent, in order to avoid detection.' toak the house in the Uointaercial-road by the Hamel of Captain ; and soon after, to render a detec tion more difficult, he again removed to Bethnal green, where, with great difficulty, he was traced and asrested. The insolvent, in order to account for all] this property, steed in Isis schedule that Isis daughters, had beets robbed, during one Sunday whilst they were: at Church, of goods and money to the amount of 9001., no part of which had Is been able to trace; and that, upon his being arrested, Isis daughters :Tails removed near the King's Bench prison, where they were again sobbed of property of the value of 101. more. The ins sirs • , in defence, denied the representation swum to by lo s creditors, and called witnesses to prove this rub:oery hr bad stated had taken place. Mr. Po:lock, whip defended bins, said the best thing he could do in this man's case, would be to leave him to the mercy of the Court. The Court in passing its adjudication. severely ani madverted on the gross fraud practised by this insol vent, first by the fraud in contracting these debts, and secondly, by cross attempts to contra' his property a pretended robbery ; and what the more aggra vated thecase was, Lis conspiring with his daughters to rob hites•elf. of which the Court did not entertain the least doubt, and which he then attempted to sub stantiate by perjury; and to mark this case, the ad joolication of the Court was, that he should not be en titled to his discharge out of custody until he shall have been confined at the suit of several of his ere ditoors for the space of three years frotn the date of his petition. This adjudication was followed by the mediate appointment of an assignee, who nal have the poster of examining the insolvent in Court whets eser he can trace an: of the property, or any other pe. sou who usay he suspected of having it. I'ULICE. ntRINn Itotinene.—Weilnegilay a well known chararier, who called hisseielf 171,,m ,A .I,t+tara Crow, wa4 e!,Jege.l, at the Nlansion.lionse, I.y 2 reTertalile coontr gentleman with i 4 ring robbed him of his watch, gold .Lain and seals, of considerable value. _ _ Mr. T. fiat-rot. the prosecutor, who is an atleletie , and powerful urtn, ateti tlilt at sic o'c' % ock son 'Esser ol.ey eveoing he wa• ualkint; down nishoojetgate-sereet. when he was suddenly seized loy the arms by two men, who held him on each side so tightly, that be waif 1111Aille to el ewe, at the same time a person (runs be hind put his hands ter the prosecu•or's chin, and forced thick his head. Ile w..s held fur s • moments in this posture, during which time he felt his watch e . es pe if his foto, and his porkets were deliberately rails:lrked, but fortunately he hail nothing upon his iwrsou of any particular value, excepting his watch. After leaving investigated the contents of each of his pockets, the rohloers rt leased him As suddenly as they had seized biro, and decamped done tl e alleys near the place. Hefner they disappeared, however, the prosecutor had sufficient tune to rerog. vise the person of the prisoner, and to see him hand his watch and seals to an tther of the gang. The prosecutor pursued the prisoner with the cry of" Stop thieflt down Catherine-wheel-alley, when, fortes waiely, a lahonrinz 111211 passing eip the alley, beard the cry anal seized the prisoner as he was ruuning, and detained I until the prosecutor caner up, who woild nut otherwise, f the intricacy and darkness of duo place, have been able to have caught the rubber. Another gentleman who was present in the office ' recognised the prisoner as the man who had rubbed him only a few evenings before. The gentleman was walking down Ilishoopsgate-strect at an early hour in the etenieig, whets the prisoner ran against him vio letetlA' IL., however, begged ten thousand pardons for the aceielent, and whilst they were exchanging civilities contrived to steal the gentleman's imams . book /Mb his breast pocket. Fortunately the book contained only meneoranduuts and papers of no rause. It leas bee A practice lately in the crowded streets of t h e metropolis, for gangs of thieves to be in wait at ; the O.utls of seed; alleys as eatherine-wheel•alley; hitch is almost wholly inhabited by thieves and pro titates, and which is long, dark, and intricate, with twolneetlets at the bottom, leading Into other places equally Jark and intricate, and to pounce upon pas : severs in the manner described by the prosecutor, gig them, and after having stripped theses of every *beak to retreat as suddenly down these infamous Owe., in wairh some of their gang are generally ea *tied to otestreeet the pursuit, and down whirl' ten one, not excepting the Foulke, can venture after a rob ! !ref, without greet personal hazard. There are se vetsl places of this description in Holborn and in Iliphopsgate-atreet, where robberies are con iiii into! nigitly, Without a chance of detection. Amongst the most prominent are Angel-alley, Catherine-wheel alley, anal Half- 1111 l on-alley. which possess almost every facility for escape that a thief could desire_ The prisoner, Thomas James Urowt Nsilor, was fapy committed to take his trial, ;end the parties hound over to prosecute. Ihr Insolvent had been a gardener, and h a d, d o . ring the month of SrWernher, Is 19, isectirrcil debts to the amount of near 151111/. to various trailestiern, which, at tier time the Insolvent stated, was fur the. rur pose of setti ng up his two dangle:yrs as 'milliners sad , drapers, in Brent ford. At the time the I timarent run trailed these various debts, he described himself as a gardener and a 1/I.lllller ill gentleman's pleasure ruling!! ; that he' was employed hr Noblenwa end ient letter,' of the first rank, and more particularly by his /;rare tier Puke of Nterthumbrrlanil ; and a; on bring asked fur a reference., he gave the name of liraleaus, it lin resided iu Ca e den Town, to whence ap yliration wan smole by our or two of his creditors, who were informed Ice Mr. Graham he hail known the In !advent for sceptic. time, and was employe:l as a planner of gentlemen's pleasure crootids, and that lee ktirir the Insolvent to be possessed of 100/. per anntra, in dependent of lotsines.; upon which representation the traile.smen were satisfied, and drliveted him papas in the tieon:h of September to tier amount of nearly 1500/. which were sent to Brentfuril, the Insolvent promising to pay for the goods at the ensuing. Cl 4 ristniai wk. n his rents would her due, and *lassvarlAs hills to the 'anoint of near 711001. but which "Ts were clue from mete respeetalele anil eleiated characters that he dared nut ask fur his money before it was due ; and to one of leis creditors, who was not unite w well satisfied as the utter wills the reference given, and whit stated to the ite.olve nt that the rule of their house was, that the first parcel of goo d s must h.• paid fair, after which they should nut object giving credit in the usual way. This Mot being convenient, the Insolvent (who was on this occasion areou pp a nioil by both of his daughters. and who were affected so naueb by this ride, anal that the credit of their father should be doubted, as to shed tears) stated, it was a very unlucky circumstance, as he lead actually • paid 400/. for the lease of a larger hos , e for his daughters, the former one not being sitlficiently large enough for them to carry on their business; spots which the tradesmen were induced to deliver the goods upon the insolvent's promising to par cash fur lOU/. litiviv.vms, Nov. I.—Discos-Rev or a Nicenna.— in one mintle, ace! the balance at ( * he istmas. This ' 11 . 4. Nay(' collected from a liratlensan of this city, who was nearly the last delivery of goods, for in :he course obligingly called at our office on Thursday last, sonar of another fortnight, the insolvent decamped in the Interesting particulars connected nitle the thivelope. night with his too daughters, taLing the whole of weed of au atr.sTion. ease id murder perpetrated in the the goods they had defrauded their ere•litor a of. toasty Carlow. nearly seven years s:itce., and the airs post this a person a 4 etti pl o veil b y one o f the eausstanees of which hail been involved from that ties creditors to hum oat the iirmivent, and by mere 6 0 4. i n ittofonnd mystery. It appears that about accident. Le found out fl e e than who had been ,4"s* time alluded to, a person employed as a Proreeni . , employed with his bores aed cart in removing the "eget, had liven sent in that capacity, to the house or goods, And from 'whom it appeared that the in- . a f armer o f th e name o f Ed mun d Murphy, of rTolvent had applies' to him, and that he in cunse- ellantl, in the County of Curlew, sad lead de lisly queace assisted in the remota! of the insolvent's 'fleets, :twenties suddenly disappeared. AU iaquiry into tin which were removed from lirratford about four o'clock pro b a bl e eirrnMxslaac a „ f th i s h,,,,,, sots g asty rvesit in the morning: and the goods renl"" eur l l'lled t ptoved fruitless ; and it was not until withlh a fieffitt ahuost wholly of hales of linen-drapery and hosiery. Idays past, that the disclosures of a strvaat Mho kit and were k ta_eu by a circuitous route to a house in the • be es is the ou t pl o y moo t o f M o o rs l oes , eliaresisea l:unentereial-ro d; and it was deposed by the, carter thus priciest, to. the disappeireasse of the. pea its that the Insolvent of his sue. who both accord isost i,„ , b ros . : h ew tight go antsisty of hi, sera se offered 'O ill Os W. lloyd-FruAl. if he ra Ilk* by m or ph ? ! and Ms lisaberessoasidniernirs. As sew on of theta to tale the cart and goods wisila he re , vent, in resentmeat. we believe. of woe sdiesee re MR 1...1N11. - wired from his master, deposedhei or e m awintrait of the l'ounty, Ithiektiry, rsq. to the facts., this revolting crime, and described the plan, and peii. tion in which the body of th.• murdered min hail he m with his assistance, buried. A very diligent search was accordingly eiride im Slitrphy's garden, where, at length, the skeleton was found, placed in An nprielt posture. Jteasnres had been previously taken secure the person of Murphy, who, however, who e his house was so surrounded by a Police hirer, secreted himself in a loft, to which the entrance, hr a trap door, was sa indistinct us wholly to have eseap ei t„ 6 . serration. On the retiriouent of the pollee the effected kis escape. and has not yet been teen. Hi, brother, who is charged as an arconiplire, is now is ei.. toils. There is no doubt, we learn, that the 44., mation of Murphy's servant has iniplirat .1 when II this deed of blood. which the signal intervention a t Providence bar thus discovered.—(Moderator.) ArrE.vpr AT I.I'srItIO:CTIOX ix 1711 ISLA.VI) OF T'OBAGO. The following letter on this subject ids w r i tten to a medical gentleman to his friend in Elliiihnrgh:— Tonstio, Sere. s.—Knowing your aos‘ietr ahem all that concerns me, and fearing lest noreleasaat re- ports respecting this island may reach your ems 554 create alarm. 1 take an early opportunity of eons*. onleating a few particulars on our resent eriticalsitm• tion in this colony. " About ten days ago a lionise in the town of Sat. bre' was discovered to be on tire. Alarm was gives. assistance obtained, and the ravaging Naito, speedily extinguished. On examination into the cause, far. 1 . 1 this accident, matter. deeply itotere-tin, : •, as involving the property and even the lives of the inhabitants of Tobagoo, were discovered. A train was laid, rum. ums ,,..,ti og • with some canisters of gunpowder : Lout the windward situation of the II MINA*, and et h, r circumstances, there is Milt the shia•lutc of a dello :a hr tlo • diabolical intention of the a retches who laid the plot. ~ NI." dty sevrva l OntlijirlOTl, nezynes were taken up, and evidence proeared of a nature truly alarming. " lon most understand, that from the great Ira tif hoops by the late fryer, our garri Was retitled from nearly 201) to 30 men ; this poor, debilitated, and 'disheartened remnant was taken horn the hie, aila pi .1:.81 OH the north side of the island, to recovir and preserve •ir health. NI, amino,. a supply of black troops was brought from Trinidad, to do July at the fort in place of the other, who, finding our stn n,th so weak, and the inhabitants apparently •o thou:: la tlees and unguarded, made the horrid atteug l to set tire too the town that 1 have jest mentioned. lint thanks to the Failierof all Mercies, who as won derfully has pretervroll us from these di silly machina thins. In akw minutes longer the fury of the Banns tutist have been ustelonqueralole, and the whole tows been ronsunted. It is said that the town in games was to have been the signal for the esegroes, ire the i different estates, to tine and murder their whit s) masters, by which means an easy victory would is gained, and assistance to the loan rendered inapt* Ode. S circumstances within nor own obserm tint gave this report a foundation, yet I hope it is not true. Immediate and vigoroas nteasarrs wen taken, martial law was proclaimed, and every insa k for duty kept under arms day and night. We are all an siunsly looking for the llovernor, who has the con. m ml of the Leeward station, in room of L.sr.l Con• bermere ; he is expected with a reinforcement of a Gil troops momently. Si cc. 6,—We have just saluted the (taverns. who has brought a detachment of the 21st along, iiiti him. Every heart is light nest, for Sir Fred•-rick a nude soldier, and carries in his char:wet- and pre sesice the strength and eon!' knee of an army. No. thing further has transpired since yetee.day ; all Is quiet and orderly, except now and then n little siralo. b.ing among ourselves, from the want of experience and practice in the eta/mete nf .V.9CT1C.41, rNTRLLIGENCE. The Beata, Turner. from Ilottenburgh, for pnt into Porlvutot►th, on the !Ulu inst. ledkv, smut tnakttsp tw•o feet Water per hour. 'bloc, Nov. 4.—The indigo taken out of the brig Release, of London, iv all its good timer, hot swans hogvueailv of sugars, bags of coffee, and many shin'. are damag,etl. HUM It'll, Nov. 9.—A brig who.►t 20Q tons, num. unknown, %truck upon the West Rorke, and bilged: it is supposed she is loaded with grain, by her ►ellinz •It. Lookaott trevsela have been to her. lint (amid Ito& approach he► for the *ea. It is expected all krt. hands a►e lost ; and it is %apposed, front the isimeher of people *Cell its the tops, that she had p.isseageni us Iroarti. tr.ite 11.% t t V.—Onc day last week. a al"lit"., in a miserably forlorn condition and whose "lalltlig frame" was scarcely aide to support itle4ft wo e ' served by some morhineto near the Mill of Jolia' l6lP . in Annorlale. to dr..p dower upon the 1.i411-r..a:l. first hr was supposed to be dead, as no pulsitioe din overable; hut on being. removed t o the milier' house, he was played before a good lire, his b dr " 14 ch4erl. am.l :rs animation begun to re'urti. 3 61. spoonfuls of oat-areal and water were introduced den" his throat. In a short titer he was so snub rnia/ 4 . that he suddenly and eagerly seized the boon dot held the rural and water., and in the most raienom manner devoured the contents. In atom, an l?" 1 ‘ . ` time. he ii•A• rtilhiell to Wort:: his humane preservers• that he was a ealico-printer, who it as en hi• al!' from l're-toh thasgow, in sear.l of work : disamminted, ao.l tot Irk return to England, had ccruipelle•l him, to sell his great coat and elle Parts of his clothinz—his 1::rols at last failed kiss and he had not for three'ria‘s tasted any food came a turnip that he found nu the road. Such wail* simple but atE•eting store of this poor man: the fai lee and his (malty afforded Li:n every an 1:*;011, API st ;Darting the peat morning (he being snifi ,. ..ellyr ~ •su r ne his josir::4l,) r icy had collected for him, l e- carried aa to be &hie to r.i.tosie hip• joor:le,.) r wined Min with lid. that thee Ita4l collected kw hig • 400. fah Itlli grvb4, - ;:d i. 041.1.4 ofoi "lwatillissogimalisd "Tsa Comwelewsos." MAO Paper). Na. 194. 'n 11t. Lielwara bWARDILL. dna.. LLB.: to wham 'A Os Ordomlbo► aro requisite* ba be addreowl ~