The Statesman. — London, England, 1821-08-31 00:00:00

AMBRICAN PAPERS. Nsw-Yosta, Jtt.v 16.--Capt. Farrin, of the schooner Rampart of Baltimore, arrived yesterday, reports that his vessel was sent into Buenos Ayres by the ship heroine, David Jewitt, commander ; her cargo taken ont ; ves 'rel phndered of every thing that could be taken away, and detained three and an half months; and then rivcvs up, leaving Captain r. to pay all port charges. The cargo underwent no trial, but was partly disposed of from on board, and the residues kept In the custom boese a n bile, and then taken away without the know ledge of Captnin F. and probably sold. James Ito- . hingon, Esq. was appointed vice consul of the United State, previous to the Rampart's sailing. Putt. nattitt A, JULY 7. —Extract of a letter from Messrs. Stanley. Black and Co. dated Montevideo, 31st March, )821. In February the dirties on the several articles enume rated as follows, were established at the rates respec- lively affixed to each. Foreign wheat at sl 4 pbr fanega of about 31 bushels. Do. flour at s 3 per bushel, of 2001bs.'Spaniih. Do. wines at 555 per pipe of common measure. Do. do. in bottles at s 2 per dozen. On. spirits at 562 4 per pipe common measure. Do. liquors in bottles at s 3 per dozen, and foreign spirits imported in flasks and demijohns at the same ditty, which in proportion would correspond to a pipe. Portuguese trines and liquors, and foreign oil and vinegar being admitted to the old duties. Uhairs, cordage, Canton silks, naval stores, soap, tea, spirits and wines have come in this year in large quantities. 'floe stock of flour on band is estimated to be equal to about six or seven months, and trine to about ' four or five months consumption. As the greater part of these two articles arrived before the new duties were laid in, the whole or nearly so, must be run off err any advance in price can talie place. tln the 29th inst. an order was issued, which took effect the same day, sulijocting all the productions of Pzirtngal aio.l her islands in Europe imported in fo rei n res;ela, to one half more duty, than that to wl.iclo ewe wunld be liable on being introduced in na tional b ,hums.--(Ceatiad ) renal TI!E It A RtiA :.S raorus, JUNE 91 Too F: 'f:3l Es tx BARB %Doi:B.—Property of every kind is sal.; to be daily sinking in value. The crops lave gPnerally been reduced in an astonishing degree ,Wu successive unfavourable years—and what little produce is reaped lies on bawl for want of pnrchasers. are crowded with insolvents, and general min, lie .C.ltef. seems to he list approaching. Amongst the causes which hare contributed to produce the tliffi crlties and distress to which they are exposed, he es pecially tak:i notice of the baneful system which for s.stnr tine has been pursued, of altering the relative ya'ne of the coins, and thereby depreciating the cur rency. The battering of doubloons for dollars in De merara, an,l ' rice versa,' produces a profit of nine per unt. awl the temptation being so great, the island is thereby ilraine I of its circulating medium. N iv- I i %t - EN, Jr i.v 14.---SovTIII,IIITON.-.—A year or tic.. since a large rock on the summit of the flanging hill klanntain was discovered to be considerably de tacheil from that elevated mass of green stone. Seve ral unavailing attempts hail been made to roll it off. On the Ith of July inst. a large party from Southing ton and the licit ity of that place, assembled at the mountain, and, under the direction of skilful engi neers. by means of a 30 feet lever, ropes, and blocks, sitcreedeal is tumbling off the rock. The mass tlins removed was an oblong square of solid mountain rn k. and by accurate calculation could nut be of less weight than six hundred and fifty thousand potinds. The first motion was a perpendicular descent of an fr,!ntlred and forty feet. A view of its fall was truly grand and sublime. After the first tremendous crash the falling rock had to traverse an extent of loose meat and stones a distance of sixty rods, lying upon a descent of fifty degrees. Here a terrible tumult en stsed—the principal mass led the van, prostrating large trees, removing every obstacle, anti closely lot loreil up by an incalculable number of loose rocks am! stones of almost every form and size. Theptivry of the rock was well timed, being ac companied by the roar of cannon at New Haven and Hutton', which could be distinctly heard from the srountain.—(Regisfer.) S:NouLatt etacustsTaNcE.—PAßts, (KENTUCKY) Jr.:Nt 11.—A negro boy, about I 1 years of age, eloped from his master, a gentleman living in Clerke county, Kentucky, some time in the fall of lt4:10. Every ex ertion was made to regain him, but all proved allot'. tlvr. After the 1 ire of about right months the boy feel:nx serum in the asylum he had procured, being in a certain family near Dayton, Ohio, in order to rent 1 is resentment to his master, by the aid of a girl of the family, wrote a most abusive and scurrilous letter to 1111. wig bout place or date to it, being ignorant that it w unlil receive the post mark of the office where it would he deposited. Fortunately it was written on t!,e sheet of an old copy book, which hail on it the name of the girl that wrote the letter. It was put into the post office at Dayton. received the post mark and soon readied the boy's master. A messenger was dispatched intine4iately to Dayton, the girl's residence ii ..ertAinutl, the boy discovered, taken, and brought sAfely home to his master. Extracts from Chief Justice Hale's Pleas of the Crown, vol. 2. p. 60.: It bath been held, that if a person be killed by an miler person, and it be certainly known that he killed the Jury mew hear evidence only for the Kiug ; and whether the killing were by malice, or without ma nav, though it were such a killing as is justifiable, as an qfierr killing one that assaults him in doing his tlEce. Vet the Inquest must hind it murder, because the party shall be put to answer ? . and upon Not Guilty pleailed, the w hole matter shall come to be tried by the Petit Jury, when the eridenre on both sides ought to be beard in Conrt ; and such a direction given as the na ture of the fact requires, viz. to bemstrder, manslaughter, or per inforluxissm, and thus it bath been commonly practised of latter years!!! The same authority, Chief Justice Hale, says, " The Coroner is to pnt into writing the effect of the evidence given to the Jury, before him, it being material, without confining it to so much as is material, but the whole evidence given, whether to prove, or disprove the felony, and all this evidence is to be on oath, before the Coroner's Inquest, whether it make for or against the prisoner." We stated in our last that a witness 105 years of age was examined at Worcester Assizes ; we have since heard that a brother of this man died very re cently at the age of one hundred and serer.—{Here ford Paper.) - ----.- - - w-- Tarr STATES At LIVEITTAHhE CONSF:QUENCES OF THE FUNDING SYSTEM. Noir Ylnat:the existence of great distress, and im minent danger to the country, are too apparent to he denied, there is amongst anise who think little or su perficially on the subject, a general expression of sur prise that these things should be so, and a difficulty in accounting for the grounds of such distress and danger consistently with the app .arances of prosperity still maintained amongst the higher classes of soriety— the known wealth of many individuals, and the im mense accumulation of riches in the hands of great capitalists, whose extent of property, and number, are both greater than ever. Snell persons are n aware that these things which possesses tine glare, the splendor, and the appearance of prosperity, arc only symptoms of thatdisease which afflicts tine country. They do not reflect su:fieiently to perceive that a county luny it self be rich, and yet the community at large be poor, and the commonwealth be endangered. But besides this, the surprise of the many, anti the still continued disbelief of a few, argues a total inattention to the experience of the past, as well as to the warnings of the future. — Our readers will be at no loss to remember the time, when those who, from principles unerring, demon strated that the system of government pursued in this country must, if persisted in, issue in those evils, which all now begin to feel, were facetiously denomi nated croakers by some, and malignantly designated as disaffected by others. On the part of those thus unjustly stig:natised, the publication of unpleasant truth was therefore the more meritorious, in proportion as the taunting, of in credulity anti the rage of party spirit rendered it a duty disagreeable in all cases, and do/Igo-nes in. s‘nne.— Yet, in the estimation of the disinterested, the consci entious, and the reflecting, these thins were not to be put in competition with considerations of higher impost ; with a regard to the real happiness and tran quillity of tine country, or with real, unpretentled, anti genuine loyalty to the Constitution, and to the King, as an integral part of that Constitution. They could never forget, and all who presumed to give an opinion on the subject ought to have known, that th_• system so long pursued by Ministers outraged every principle of political justice, every dictate of sound po lity, and the, bite unrestrained indulgence in riotous and licentious courses, and unbounded ex pense, in private life, it must sooner or M.or ac cumulate difficulties and distresses on the nation.-- Ministers themselves mast have known this, or they must have been the most ivzorant as well as the most calpa;le of pretending statesmen. Without refer ence to party politics, the celebrated Isis:ori-n, !hone, (hiosself a tort',) long ago said, frith a knowledge of the subject and a warning voice which ought not to have been neglected, " I t the abuses of treasures be dangerous, either by engaging the state in rash enterprises, or making it neglect military discipline in confidence of its riches ; the abuses of mortgaging are more certain, and INEVITABLE ; port . ..lg, impottive, and so Vectioa to j;,- reign porrers. According . to modern policy seer is cc. tended wit:s erery destractiz.e cirrumatibtee ; 'loss? cf arca, increase of taxes, decay of endmscree, dissipit 7, n et money, decathlon by sea awl his icohtitittes he) very tempting to a Minister to employ site an ex pedient as enables him to make a rt figure tiering his administration without ever burdening the people with taxes, or exciting any immediate clamours against himself. The practice, therefore, of contracting debt, will almost infallibly he abused in every government. It would scarcely he mere iiisprodeat to DIVE A pRODIOAL SoN A CREDIT rx Ernnt li.txtiit's sit:re IN LONDON THAN TO EMPoWEI: a Sr AT woo ‘N To sinew LILL% IN Tuts MANNER t; P.'S Posits:rev." .1 nil tine late Arthur Young, (himself a spectator of what was passing) says in his travels, "It appears that France, under tine old goverment pursue:l the ruinous system of mortgaging its revenues as regularly as any other country. This syste.a, however, almost unaided by any other cause, lox nrrterned 1l It gm.era meet by means of the most extraordinary revolntion upon record. After this memorable example to other countries, it remains a subject of infinite curiosity to see how far the infatuated atol blind spirit of fending will now be pursued. Every hour after the great event in France, will snake it metre anti more c(itiers!, and will INEVITABLY involve in its train nem re , ot , tio.ls, PER HAPS OF A COMPI.ViIoN MORE DANGE::OI•S TO ESTA BLISHED PAMILIES, THAN ANY WE HAvE PEEN IN FRANCE." This was written and published in the year 1;92, forming of itself a most impressive commentary on the writings of Muse, Smith, and Price, who demonstrated that tine same system had involved in ruin every state in Europe which lad been insane enough to adopt it. Thus were Mr. Pitt, his colleagues, and disciples, forewarned—but precept anti practice, theory and experience, were alike presumptuously disregarded, and the consequences are such as the country is snow doomed to suffer and to de- , plore. If the true principles of political economy had I been more generally understood, the career of ignorance and profligate expenditure had been sooner stopped ; even now, the tine want of their knowledge is affording an unfair advantage to error and knavery ; and we shall therefore endeavour to demonstrate in a fen , words, what are the principles anti necessary effects of THE punue EEBTS AI)N T.l \E$. When a laene is advanced to Government, in itself it neither increases nor diminishes the public wealth; it is a value which passer from the hands a indivi duals to the hands of tiovernmeet—a simple transfer; and, if the transaction ended here. all might be well : hut. as the principal of the loan, or capital advanced, is generally consumed in consequence of this transfer, public loans produce an improductier consumption, a destruction of capital. If this capital had not been advanced to Government, it would liars. been lent to these wino would have made use of it, or they would hare employed it themselves ; thus the capital would have been consumed reproductively instead of Unpro ductively. It may be said that this capital is not im productive, since the party who entranced it receives interest front the Oorernment to which it was advanced. 'if his is true; but it is also true, that the tiorernment is obliged to lery taxes in order to jay this interest or dividend; and, without the produce of these taxes le vied on the country, the person advancing the loan could be repaid nothing. He knows that his capital is consumed, spent, gone; and, in proof of the fact, if proof were wanting, he also knows that if taxes were nut levied to pay him interest or dividend, as k is called, or if the taxes so levied should fail in theft produce, Inc must go without kis interest also. Hence it follows that those who lose, whilsrthe interest con tinues to be paid to the Loan Jobber, are the peons, who are called upon to pay the taxes wisereseith it is paid. Instead, therefore, of two Incotnes, which there was originally, namely, that of the money advanced to Uovernment, and that of private funds, from which time same amount is paid in taxes, there remains bat one, that is, the last, which is in fact transferred from the payer thereof, in taxes. to 114 public creditor, through lie medium of Government. From this it will be clearly seen, in the first place, that what Go vernment borrows must, for the most part, be entirely lost to the country—loans substituting a nominal for real capital; and, secondly, that the interest of the debt paid to the public creditor, even though that cre ditor was uniformly a native and lived in the country, is of no advantage whatever to the community, be cause That interest is first wrung from the pockets of the Community at large, in order to he paid over to the public creditor. Nay, instead of a benefit, the operation caused thereby is positively injurious; in asmuch as the public pays the expences of collecting the taxes, as well as the taxes themselves, whereas only suck a portiJn as is necesury, is paid over to the public creditor; and it, is now well known, that the expense of collecting the revenue at present amounts to several millions of ,none.,—to wore than the whole Government of the country cost at the period of the Revolution!! ! From these dais, which we defy any one to invalidate, the following important con clusion, amongst others, may he drawn, viz.—That the two thousand millions of money, taken from the pockets of the people, and expended by the Pitt fac tion in wars, and other costly gratifications to that monstrous system, have been, for the most part lost, totally lost, to the country. For if this money had remained in the hands of contributors, it would either directly Or indirectly, have put in activity an equal ' quantity of industry. It is therefore for this reason, that a realty good governwnt makes no expenditure which has not a vsrful result : and it may be consi dered as an unerring maxim, that " TUB HcoNosty or NATIONA Ii EXACTLY TUE BASIS WITII THAT OF INRI- VIDLALS. " THE OBJECT OF 'I:IIE_ALVITS MIT TO IitEG.IND. The King is now engaged in an interesting and it portant experiment upon the affections of a sensitive and warm-hearted people, and believing as we sincere ly do, that a live:e.-:1 monarchy is the form of govern ment which ably and honestly administered, best con ilnces to the happiness of the people, we rejoice to see how snecessfillly the experiment proceeds. The tran qnillixation of Ireland, if it can be effected by visiting his Irish subjects, is indeed an effort worthy the Royal mind, and the people of that country have entered into his Majesty's views with a vivacity and warmth that accord with their natural temperament. Thus far the business is fortunately begun on both sides—but let not the world deceive themselves upon this head. The useful part is besiae.v.e, not p:easnre—not a proces-ion through the streets of Dublin, nor a series of well-de vised entertainments and illuminati:ms. These still do very well to furnish forth a newspaper description --*o amuse thereat and little personages engaged in then, and as they give an impulse to trade, they will also be so far beneficial. But the grand end must be compassed by very different steams ; and whatever of congratulation or of triumph there is in the magnifi cent spectacle of a whole people surrendering their pre judices to pay the tine homage to the person and the re ception of their Sovereign, (and surely there was never a more affecting demonstration of loyalty) the solid por tion of the snperstractiwe remains to be erected, by measures of benefit to the country. By such only can the King or the elopiie be permanently advantaged. Ireland will naturally expect a retur► for the vast dis play of grateful feeling she is now engaged in making, and unless much is done for lif-r,t he ardour of the pre sent intercourse between the King and his Irish sub jects will be followed I►y a corresponding bitterness. Ireland, to be advantaged at all, (mint, if we under stand its condition) be, as it were, renovated. The character of its internal policy m•tst he almost entirely changed. Its proprietors must be allured to a resi dence upon thair estates, and to an interest in their own affairs and their own dependants. The wild sys tem of life, now lint too prevalent, must be reduced to an orderly prosecution of steady plans fur the ame lioration of the moral spirit and co"tlition of the lower classes, by the introduction of regular industry amongst them. Religions persecution, and that inferior spe cies of clan-ship, which frequently leads to such hor rible crimes, must be softer.ed don n. Information, useful information must be diffused, habits of fruga lity inculcated, and general order recommended by example. These are the benntits which Ireland has a right to expect from an enlightened liovernment ; and unless the Royal visit be followed up by such political measures as may tend to the establishment of these principles, as well as by uthers, which the admitted nefarious and corrupt state of the administration of her affairs imperatively demands, these thews of attach ment to his Majesty's person will be as momentary as they are vivid and full of delight to the Monarch. — Every man who knows any thing of the temperament of the Irish would have anticipated exactly such a re ception of their King as their King has experienced. But the grand question remains, will his Majesty's pre sent servants be prepared to follow up the personal triumph of the Sovereign over the affections of his peo ple of Ireland by wise and salutary provision? PRINCE ESTERHAZI AND SUITE. Early on Sunday morning last (the 25th inst.), his Excellency Prince Paul Esterhazy, Micister Extra ordinary from the Emperor of Austria to compliment his Majesty on his Coronation, accompanied by the Prince Nicholas Esterhazy, Count Metternich (son to the Prime Minister of Austria), the Baron Fiord, and a medical Gentleman, arrived at the Tontine Hotel, his Excellency and snite having crossed the Irish Chan nel from Donaghadee to Port Patrick in a steam-boat. At ten o'clock in the morning the Prince was waited upon by the Lord Provost and Mr. Cleland, when bib Excellency expressed a desire to visit the manufac tories, and some of the public institutions. Open car riages were then ordered, and the distinguished strangers visited and examined the principal manu factories, &c. till four o'clock, when the Magistrates and the Professors of the University had the honour of being introduced to his Excellency. in the Town hall, where an elegant collation was laid out. The Lord Provost and Mr. Cleland, who accompanied the Prince and his suite to the several manufactories, bad the honour of dining with them in the evening. His Excellency (who wore the rich orders of the Golden Fleece and the Oulph) was cheered by great crowds of people wherever he went. After assisting at Mass yesterday (Sudsy, 26th inst.) in the embolic N. 0 Chapel in Clyde -street, the Prince Rad his suite kf: this place for Buchanan house, un a ♦isit to her Grace the Pncliesi of Montrose. We undentand that the illustrious party are then to visit Edinburgh by the way of Stirling. _ _ The following are some of the principal mannfacto. ries and institutions which his Excellency visited : Mr. Inglis's machine for singing Muslin, by red-hot ey. hinders; the gasometer and gas-works; Messrs. Mit clielks manufactory for tatnbouring muslins by multi nery ; Messrs. liticbanan's callender, and chemical bleaching ; Mr. Humphrey's fire-proof cotton-mill ; Mr. Todd's mill, for weaving muslins by mochinery; Thompson' mill, ball-thread, and cotton carpet manger tory ; a nutaber of steam-engines, steam-boats, &c.; and Messrs. Henry Monteith and Co.'s B indana Works at Barrowfielti-htidge ; the College, Puhhic Library, and Hunterian Museum; the collection of medals, the lA. natic Asylum, 1.1 . . His Excellency and suite expressed their high approbation of what they saw, and we r e greatly delighted with the chemical experiments of di.. charging, bleaching, and printing, at Messrs. Montei.b and Co.'s works, and with the immense pressure of 240 tuns, invented anti improved by the ingenious manager. Mr. Oeorge Rogers, whose description of the whole am rest gave great pleasnre to Prince Esterhazy. Mists. eellency condescended to examine the apparatns fat burning the smoke in one of Messrs. Monteith's furna ces, and was quite delighted with the results which are likely to arise from the invention. lie was also pleased to express his marked approbation of the Pultiic Park, and the general appearance of the town.—(Glasgow Herald.) PRICE OF STOCKS TIM Bank Stock 23) 6 S per Cent. Red 761776 it S per Cent. Con. TOIL 0 SI per Cent. 971 4 per Cents. 90 3jl per Ct.Nety 1091 91 3 per Cent. Loa; Ara 19 13-16311-16 It.tp. 3 MK Cent 731 Irish 6 per Cent. DAY AT ONE O'CLOCIL India Steak •_ 9 3'3} Ditto Bondi tiOs pm South-Sea Stock South Sea Ohl riknn. E 11i11,2t1. S. 44.'24.34. pia. Omnitun for Money pa Rank for Account India for ditto Con. for Acet Lott. Tickets 191. 14. --a RIM, WATER .*.T LORen!t-ntlNß■ TO-NORROW. Morning 29 min, otter 4.—Eireeing 43 alio after 4, elm Astattgittatt. TEE IMITISIS STATISM lAN" IS INCORPOEATED MITI " STATESMAN." LONDON: raIDAT EVENINU, IVOCST 31, 1S:11. STOCK EXCHANGE, TIVELI'M O'CLOCK. Consols opened this morning . at and 7t;', fur llonev, and remain steady at the above price. The news received yesterday of the differences being set. tied wi:h the Turks and Russians is fully creslitel. intelligence of great importance, nearly decisive et the continuance of peace in Europe, arrived yesterday from Constantinople. Despatches reached t!:e Lwant Colup,:ny, communicating the favourable result of the negociation between the Russian and Ottoman tie vernments. They were brought by Ex; Tess from Vienna, from whence they were transmitted by regular post, and are dated the 30th of July. The substance of these despatches is, that the Porte had acceded to the terms proposed by Russia ; but a curious eines stance, as appears from the detail subjoined, hail oc curred to prevent the answer of the Porte being offi cially received by Baron Stror,onoff. With respect to these two powers, we may therefore confidently anti cipate that no hostilities will take place, but as to the security in which their arrangement still place the Greeks our expectation is much less sanguine. The privilege, as will appear from the terms agreed on, still allowed the Porte of determining what individaals among them may be thought fit to be spared or pa nisherl on account of the late disturbances, is one which can hardly fail to be perverted and abused. — Such, however, will be the case as long as Greece re• mains under the dominion of Turkey ; or as long as the Sovereign accounts himself not the father of all his people, but treats the one portion as his favourite, and the other as his slaves.—The folios . ; tail to which we referred above Despatches have arrived this day from pie, dated the 31st vit., which colonic portant intelligence. Our last advice. were of the 2:itli, on which day the Diva bled in consultation upon the proposii Russia. The following is the substance connot be denied that they are conceived moderate spirit. They begin by callir in the name of all the Christian Power put a speedy end to proceedings whicl religion and humanity ; to effect which 1. " That all the Christian Churches destroyed or pillaged shall be rebuilt at of service fur their holy destinations, Europe may be consoled for the death of Constantinople, and the profanations that deplorable event. 2. " That distinction shall be made between of the existing troubles, or those Greeks led to take part in them, and between innocence should protect them from the Divan. 3. " That the door of peace shall he who may have remained tranquil. and in a limited period return to submission. 4. That Russia shall be enabled. in th istin t r eaties, to assist in the pacitication and Walachia; to place order and trans ,- a permanent footing, to the end that the provinces may be such as to recall to( who sincerely love their country." it was understood, that if the Porte the propositions contained in the Russian bassador was authorised to make arrange' rving them into effect, or at least should some period within which the Tr should evince, by some decisive step, determination. These are undoubtedly the tenon: of made by Russia to the Porte, though, tailed free' memory, they may not be letter. The instructions to the Russian by which they were accompanied. were answer front the Divan is eight dabs. gonotf seems to hare adopted the deterui: to adhere to them. Os the 26th July, last day allowed for the answer of the he sent fir their reply. lie was informed the Porte bad determined on compliance 'proposition, bet that on account of ' Russian note, and the necessary time following is the di. VIENNA, Avc. 17. from Constantino- imunicate most int- !ices from that city • Divan were a4sets- :ipositions made by ince of them, and it 4 veil in anestremely ailing on the Turks, utters of &trope, to , hich have outraged hick it is required- - hes which have been hand put into a gam ins, by which steam path of the Patrisvek ions which folleeet !between the authors velis who have been itween those whose the severity of the 11 be opened to thew to those who wide sion. 1. in the spirit of el* itic.ation of Moldavia tranquillity thereon t the example °libel , obedience all Oahe urte shonld accede to lussian note, the Any rranovensents for car- iv should stipulate for Turkish tiovernmest qs, the sincerity of its I: of the propositions igh, as they are de- be correct to the Russian Asibvsaltr. , were to reqaire se lays, and flame Sue- determination strictly July, which was the the Turkish Dire. alarmed verbally. all sp li a nce with all his of the 'togas of lie lose that sushi be eoll' „ .