The Statesman. — London, England, 1821-03-29 00:00:00

. . a 4 1 4 a 4 Committee to consider of tin! heat means of assimilat. ing the currency of both countries. Mr. IRVING made some observations Which Were not distinctly audible in the Gallery. Mr. T. f,LIAS defended, at some length, the con-i duct of the Bank of Ireland. He said that in no sin gle instance did they refuse to discount where they were they were not horneout to the utmost extent of dis eretion. Of the 500,000/. granted by Government on the occasion of failures in the So u th of Ireland, not more than 100,000/. was demanded by the merchants of Ireland—a demonstrative proof of the liberality of the Bank. The Hon. Gentletnan said that the differ ence between the value of the Irish Bank note and the sovereign could not have been so easily corrected as an. Honourable Baronet seemed to imagine ; the difference aro,e principally from the rate of exchange—a rate of exchange principally caused by the great exports of corn front Ireland—the exports of that article for the last year exceeded by three times the quantity of any f :mei years. l'tlr. 'RICARDO said that the Right Hon. Members! for Oxford and Kerry had misunderstood the nature of I time procreilirgs of the Batilcsof Ireland. The Bank of Ir; laud had been placed in an unfavourable situatiov.,! and had acted with great Energy. .In consequence of the stoppage of the country banks there was a wsees.l city for an increase of currency of some kind. The Batik wade an effort to increase the currency, and they i had increv, d it to the amount of 50 per cent. and he had heard, in t onversation from the Governor of the I, Bank, that they would have issued more if they could have got the securities on which they usually saute the advances. Nowit would not have assisted the curren cy to take in sovereigns while they put forth their . , cotes, as it was obvious that such an operation would in no degree change the total amount in cireulatiel.—, 'rise word liberality, however, was very improperly used as applied to the Bank of Ireland. 'I hey mem: increased their notes' without reaping an advantage from it ; therefore, though he approved of, and prai,ed their conduct, he could not call it liberal. The c ii culation of Ireland had been reduced below what it inn-I t to have been, and it was only to be supplied by the process of coinage, or by au issue of paper, which Cie Bank bad effected. Mr. A BERCRO3IBY rose to speak on the qiinstion, bat— Sir J. NEWPORT observed, that as the Debate on the Catisolie Disabilities Bill had been fired for that night, he hoped the present discussion would not be Fraceeded with. The further consideration of the Bill, as well as of the I:ish Bank Pdynients Bill, was postponed to to-snor tow. CATHOLIC SECURITII •. The Order of the Day for a Committee of the whole House on the Komar Catholic Disability Removal Bill being read, Mr. HUTCHINSON said, that as the House had come to that stage when the enactments respecting the Roman Catholic Clergy were to he considered, it became his duty to speak his opinion respecting them. Though he alight offend some of the friends of the measure Ly the wain. expression of his feelitig, he as sured them that nothing Lould be more foreign to his intention than to change the tone of the debate. He had been surrounded by several friends. deprecating the line which he had intended to pursue ; imbed rem eivrd a*,onyinous letters, cautioning him as to the injury he might do to the measure; one even assuring him that lie would injure his individual interest in the great city (Cork) which he had the honour to represent. As to the lam r C.reat, he had always assured the Catholic% I tli it he had never conceived himself entitled to their peculiar thanks, and that in supporting their claims, he felt he was supporting the interests and strength of the Empire. Now, though he felt gratitude for the I temper in which the present measure bad been discos-, sLd by the opponents of the Catholics, especially by Owl Menifter for Oxford. and though be approved of the • Bill fur removing disabilities, and was anxious that it should be carried into a law, he must deprecate the enactments, which were called securities, with which it was now to be accompanied. He thought it right, that the House shonid not call for any securities ; was his firm conviction that they were not necessary ; but if they were .necessary, were there no others to be hand thau penal enactments against the. Catholic Clergy ? The friends of the measure agreed, indeed, that the 11111 gave no security if there was any real dancer ; they afreed that it was highly penal, and would offend the Catholic Clergy; but, said they, de not iii:the any opposition to it, for however penal it may be, jilt is now passed to satisfy some unfounded &piste hensions, an enlightened House of Commons will here after repeal it.(lfear from Mr. Peel.) Ilis objection to the first clause was, that it imposed a compulsory oath nu all Catholic Clergymen—not only those who might hereafter enter into orders, but those who were alreailv in orders. It was as to the reran Catholic Clergy, au ex post facto lan. What the punishment conse quent ou refusal was to be did nut appear. It might be transportation for life, or fourteen years, or impri simuent for life; or any other heavy penalty. Ile wished to know atiexample in which soy oath was in this cr pod foe° manner imposed to be taken. Pltamiy persons had great objections to take an oath ou any occasion—not only Quakers but often Protestants.; Had they a right to say to imam who had already entered into a attain profession, "you Shall- take a certain oath, in order that the - Duke of Norfolk mai. sit in the House of Lords and'his son iir the (louse of Commons?" The House was not aware in Wulf of how important a body of men he was speaking, when he rased his voice in behalf of the Catholic Clergy. There could not be a more reapectable or more power ful body, or one that exercised its power mere beneficially, and nothing could be so snischieveus . ns to offer theta such an insult, as to place them in thii invidious Silt ation, that justice should not be 'done to the Nobility and Gentry of their persuasion, unless they. (the Clergy) consented I. degrade themselves. There wire in Irelaud four Catholic Archbishops, twenty-five 10:. shops, 1200 Parish Priests, $OO Curates, and be tween 2 and 300 Regulars. They were the most ancient Clergy of either island.. The only parallel to the oath sow imposed upon them, was that imposed after die Revolution in Weaver, for the refusal to take which She Clergy were subjected to deportation, the-conse quence of which us, that they led tat ail pails of Europe. The Heaenrable Member for Drabber had strong impression that the establishment 011ie littler if Jesuits is liaglaad *raid bweedssed. ire gwald farm the Honourable Misehtrodaa that Oak, did • • • • /lb . not exist in England or Irelard Pope had objected to it'precisely nt it was oltieeterl to by the lie fish 4/L words of the Bull were—"Ordo irririeratis Jere noitest rrstourato in Asirlia quandoividrin gutergion Aw glicunt fins milt." lir should not urge his objection further. Ile had received no instructions from the Clergy of Dela trd,exr epr that letter which he haermsn• tionett front Dr. Murphy. The Bishops were, he un der.tood, call:ng together their Clergy in their several province.:. lie would ask the Noble Lord (LAM Castlereagh), who h..d displayed bis talents never so conspirtionsly is in these disco-sinus, what the effect, would be. if the Clergy sh o uld decide n o t to take tke oath. ? If the t atholic Clergy had deoiccdty app proved of the tneatare, he roirla have been silent, thoevgli he the principN., hut as what he had heard from them on the -object was disapprobation, he t ool,l not for any set of wen play a trick with his conscience, or with the people of Ireland ; and he ex- I pressed the disgust and abhorrence whicla he felt for THE STAT ca 1 ilonipelly. e r Nilln - PoNIVOLO Iis le the ground ibat COnfideces spot the llovfsrnenent. The lie had collected as t 4 ' i. these enactments. Lord CASTLEREAtiII said, nothing should in itiate him to _ire his consent to any thing which he thought tvoillil degrade the 'Catholic Clergy in their own eyes, or those df their Otis 13. • But thinking that these enArtments mould not bi's • ronsidered, ;sod as he canteiveil them uecessary to the common settlement betn semi l'rote , tants and Catholics, he should give them strersitoot: sopport.• The Clauses to which the !Honourable Member objected were not, in fact, to be regarded as penal Iowa& the Catholic Cler;y, but is mcas!irs s of itsdnlgessce and advantage fur that body ; for this wass..it shoot& be-recollected, the first time that .11 was proposed to legalize any intercourse be -tweets- the Catholic Clergy of this country and the Bge.of Rome; that intercourse having peen prohibited by acts of. legislating on the part of our aucestors. It ts add not, perhaps, be fair to find fault with our an cestors for such acts, as they, No doubt, did the best for the reentry that their judgment suggisted, amidst all the dangers wills which • they were surrounded. 1 But the Catholic Clergy were liable by the statues alluded to to certain penalties for holding any inter coarse with Rome, and the object of the proviaion adverted to by the Honourable Member was, at once to remove those penalties, and to regulate that . inter course. '1 his provision then was actually a measure of concession to the Catlstsliy' Clergy. It was to con sidered, he Lad no doubt, isrossug the highest and moat important persons connected with that respectable body. •1* he P... 5. Gent. his 4 not, indeed, quoted ally ' authority whit h should impede the judgment of the House, and certainly there bad appeared no autho rity before the public, which appeared to deserve any nsatetial attention. He had seen, indeed, a etrange perversion of judgment and versatility of mind on the part of Dr. Milner, whoseaathoritynt other tiuses taight easily be gaoled against himself. Mr. Hayes hail also stood fords on the side which Dr. Milner now took; and so had a ge utleman of souse distinction at the liar in Ireland ; but that gentleman (Mr. O'Connel) had not. by :ow t soy, so employed Isis talents and iathsence, to proumu:e the totritiosey or•roissolidate the peace of his country, as to entitle his jtelgusent to touch rousidera- I (ion. lie thought, indeed, • that such authorities as Ise hail übt atii.urri should wei A ls ssitla the House rather for I than against time measure whirls they stood. forward to depict:ale. 'I he lion. Gentleman, however, would have -tin, Bios. , sti•;pessil its functions until it souls' receive an authority Irons a certain meeting of Catholic Bishops in It e'a tid, o !lids was to prenelsece upon the merits of the e .csi t imse, proposed. But wombat nous... holding a supe r.or rrill: in the Constitutiln, disposed to yield its judg ment to tie decision of any meeting of Catholic Bishops? Would the House coo-emit to have its benevolessce amid mtistloso arrested until a merlin %of Catholic Bishops should please to . dettriiiine upon the merits of a great measure submitted to it, cousideration ? Would Pas lia- i meet agree to pestle's , . its *dons, in order to wait for instructions from an iastical l'arli .ausent in Ireland.—(Hearrisear, hear.) But upon what groond should time Ileumse-tesitate to decide upon a regulation , precisely the same as that which, with the sanction of I time highest authority in the einuch, at present existed ! between Rome and every other Catholic State ? This I country Was, indeed, the only one in Europe, either' Protestant or Catholic. ist whirls such a regulatiou of 1 intercourse between the Catbolietlergy and the Roman I Pontiff, did not prevail.. fie must say, then, that if I any part of the Catholic Clergy of Ireland could be se infatuated ds to helm fire • iritis the accomplishment of this great measure, for the good of their country, apinat the general practice of their Church and the : (Bedsit pretept . of their chief. Parliament should not allow its doision3 to he swayed by such interference ; 1 ' tut yet- he would' not be unties stood to mean that Par .. l i n liament should ietedere with, the conscientious scruples of any wan. The whimsical or national scruples of capricious individuals were not, however, to bias its , judgenseat ; for that was. a rase to which the maxim of the law might well apply. de minisele sense estride les It was in this Bill preposedits relieve the Catholic Clergy from the penalties attaching to them for any intercourse• with the See of Kum*, by legalising that ittlYtt'unrm's ;led aU that ems-required of them in return was to take ha oath. that they would not use curls inter course iii any way iujuriont to the State: He was at a -less to divine upon whit ground any oljection could be made to that oath, especially alter the welt known Bull insw of the Reroestiff,' upon the propositions in the Bull -et I/03; iii - illicis HMI, not only sn,eath of this nature 'was sanctioned, but the grant of a veto to the Crown, 9ott the appointment of any Bishop or Dean, and the 'right of revision as to stay runimotilgation between his r holiness and the Catholic Clergy- As theise regulations, however, existed nniversally silth the sanction of the Pepe, •to Ilse 0 any ItionawCatbolic.elergymen coming 4orward with a declaration of scruples, was really an insult to the understandin g of the Honer. The ar rangement now proposed had been very long before the country. It was, indeed, pretty much the same 'as that proposed in 4 13, anal yet no anthorised ob jection to it ii as made to that House on the part of any important body of the. C.atholic Clergy. and this fact justified - an opinion that the measure was not ungraciously regarded by that creep, Yet if the 'Honourable. ilember for Cork had any modification to ..anggest in the details of the Bill which might serve to satisfy any honest scruples', time House would. he was 'persuaded, gi re the snggestion :every degree of anew don, as honest scruples must always be deserving the regard of Parliament. Even after the measures in pro yeas should be passed into law, they should be found in any part'to operate against conscientious and radioed 4siiiples, Parliament would no doubt feel it a duty to Wept an Amendment.—(Hear, bear, beat.)—But qt 0.. carding to his new, it was impossible for the Catholic Clergy to feel any conscientious scruples agalut tit( • • • , i ••• f'.i,*•% • -~ ' ••••-• . Ala' measure ; and he spoke witic'sosie . subject, from the knowledge whisk to the nature and character of the Catholic religion, He spoke upon this point from tbb highest authority. lie felt, indeed, that he was legis lating on this subject with the Pope at his back.—(A load laugh,)-11t must be borne in mind, by all the friends of the Catholic cause especially, that the mea sures objected to by the Honourable Member were brought forward in order to reconcile a Protestant Par liament to the grant of the Concessions which were claimed for the Catholics, and that, if those measures of security for the PrOtestrint Establishment were not connected or embodied, as was intended, with the Bill of Concession, that Bill was likely to be lost; therefore, be hoped the Honourable lientleman would sot,. by pressing his objections, risk the production of an effect which he was Otte sure the Honourable Gentlenuin by ae means intended.. That some of the Catholic Clergy of Ireland alight entertain scruples as to some of ills provisions of this Bill be was quite ready to whnit ; but when, he would ask, was any great measure ever pro posed, for promoting the interests of that country, or for allaying the tainults with which unhappily it hail been so often distracted, that such a measure was not el, jected to, especially if it possessed the qualities necessary effectually to work out the. object in view. •With re spect to the proposed stipend for 'lie mainteuance of Ilse Catholic Clergy of Ireland, he recollected. that when lie brought forward a kindred measure, tor an allowance to the Presbyterian Clergy of that country. about 25 years ago, he found that although he pro ceeded upon the Authority of some of the most dis tinguished members of that body, the great mass of the clergy was against the proposition. But vet that propositiun was a dopted, and after long experience not oue Presbyterian Clergyman was found, as lie understood, to express ally ohjectiou to the measure. Ile auticipated the same result from an allowance to the Catholic Clergy. But he couidently expected. with regard to the Bill under consideration, that what ever objections might now he made to the provisions or that Bill, that particularly as they were sanctioned by the Chief Pontiff, the sound sense and gorel principles of the Catholic Clergy would soon be found to abandon such objection. Whatever alarms might, ,is the first instance, he excited in timid consciences by the provisions of this nira inn., he was sure that lits merits would etc long be iiiiiversally felt, and that the sukrior understanding and honest views of the Catholic Clergy would serve to dissipate every objec tion that might be made against it. That no part of this great measure was ever intended to degrade the character or disturb the conscience of the Catholic Clergy, he could most truly allege. lint he should regard himself as one of the basest of Ministers and of men, if he could have given his sanction to amy measure calculated for such unworthy purposes. — (Hear. hear.) Ik. PHI LLI MORE spoke in favour of the proposed securienfs for the Protestant Establishment, because among other reasons, he thouzlit that the faith of the House was pledged to enact those securieties in can• junction with the Bill of Concession ; therefore, if the one wets rejected, he should. however friendly to its principle: feel himself bound to vote against the latter. Mr. PEEL (who stood behind Lord Castiereaoi) expressed a hope, that when the Noble Lord said he was legislating with the Pope at his back, he did not mean to refer to the Gentlemen immediately be. hied bius—(cs laugh),—for lie was satisfied that none of these Gentleman had murk confidence or count., - lion with his Holiness. But he roes to advert to what was called the irritation and unpopularity ex cited among the Catholics, in consequence of the proposed securities or restrictions, as some described them; and he begged it to be understood, that no NC, of that irritation or unpopularity eotilel he ascribed to him or to those Gentlemen who hail sued with him upon this subject, as they had nothing to do in proposing Or (raining such provisions. Those provision., indeed, originated solely with the &deo , tales for corwession to the Catholic Claims. neither himself tour his Friends having expressed any desire whatever for such enactments. although that seemed to have been insinuated ; at the sane time, lie thought it right to say, that the party with whom I he had the honour to *et, was not at all disposed I to make cowmen cause with such objectifies as had been urged this night against the provisions alluded to, or to ob.truet the measure under consideration, , by contribeting to excite airy irritation or imp. linearity against it, spun such grounds as hid been stated. Mr. M. FITZGERALD declared, that lie could not concur with his Honourable Friend the Metbiser fur Cork in any attempt to deprecate the character of this measure; fur it was, in his opinion, of ae utmost ,on sequence. anti not espaliered to the nacre questioti whether a Catholic Nobleman should sit in the other House of Parliament, or his sou in that. Bet while he Arkviow hedged the great value of this measure to the Catholic Laity, he could not forbear from deprecating the re-, strietion which It meant to impose upon the Catholic c gs -, w hp der. in fast, 4ip derive no benefit 'from its 'Mitt:Dent. Upon this gross , ' be disapproved of the oath which it was proposed to call upon the. Who-. lie clergy to take, as well as of the nature of the commission to be appointed for facilitating comniunica don between the Pope and the Catholic clergy, as well as of the greet of a veto to the Crown upon the ap pointment of- Catholic Bishops and Deans ; fur he thought the ovation of such powers derogatory tip the character of the Catholic clergy of Ireland,. who wee, always among the most forward to promote the meals, to preserve the peace, to enforce the laws in that country. Why then throw out such an offensive and uujamt sus— picion upon their loyalty and good disposition at the present moment? But the establishment of a cotastia: sion of revision. with the veto would, he was persuaded, be a Meet mischievous measure ; for the Catholics, amid sever be reconciled to the grant of such powers tst .a Hiseernment essentially hostile to their religion. The Catholic peopWwoilld always apprehend the abuse of smelt audseritt, and It was much to be feared that its ex..., erase would *serve to withdraw the laity from that re- venue which et present they were known to fed weeds their teeny sn such a ressiarkable degree. These were not, he lir-Owed. the suggestions of any Cathy Bishops or lapses. bat the . tirm convictions of his Men stied, from the moment that lie had been able to pot his riot in possfasion of the merits of the ease. But still, as few saesahees tweak to concur acids hi. is oeNti =.l: aimed not -deem it aged** Is Wive 'any al la lit Mll.. Ur, C. HINTOHINSON, in esphinatiam,,t/haelainsmi Mf Inteagma.• to deprecate the . character ,of the pro- . 77.1r4111112Npir potted enneeosinns, as his Honourable Friend appea rs ,' to think, but upon the authority of an eminent lie Bishop, he felt it is duty to communicate to the Rouse the apprehension which existed that the Tomti t . tiona to which he had alluded would *erre to interfere with the acceptability of those coner‘sions. Mr. CAM\ ISO felt himself called upon t o & t i er ,: that unless the securities proposed were secede.; to, he could not reconcile it to his reuse of defy to• vote for the enactment of the coin mum's. 11,, Protestants, by agreeing to those concessi ons , i ti ,t ei . rrificed much of interest, as well as of p re j u di ce, sad was the House to be told that the Catholics wonld n ot in return factifice any thing? Rot it was clearly na. derstnod from the outset of those measures, that hntit should be adopted fur the purpose of satisfying th e Protestant's& well as the Catholic; and was it pa.. Bible to suppose that, after the measure of conees.:., had made such progress, it could he seriously ko o k or desired to violate that uwlerstanding by opm ,„ 4 the measure of securities ? If any man could meditate such, be was sure that failure must be his fate. for wbo could be found to sanctios any such attempt to depri ve the Protestant of that price which it was ag ree d he shOnld he paid for confetti:: to the n iun isl:e f s paro f tit h cie. Catholic. For his own part, he trusted the conduct which be had uniformly pursued with rega rd to this p t l h a e c e s t i l e t dg" sorb an a c t o f tress shorer cher r. Ile had done enotr.:li, 1w hoped, bi p ion t i e he was most sincerely desirons of rife, tie! the ex ,". .cipation of his eathrslie tellowsohjects tro ts a u o, e , restrictions ender which they laboured: hat & sw , cessful attempt should he made to detach front the bill tisOsi:clanses, which would have the effect of ereose ab l o g the Protestant part of the community to en 'Lea sure, from that moment, with the same hearty rity with which he had sacrificed every roosiderati.a to do justice to the Catholics, lie w.iuld altogethertt ject the which, passed in that mutilated state, would he a fraud upou the Peluestauts.—(lleas, hear.) Sir t.. WU, said, that if he were soally disponi to procure the rejertion of the measure, he' thouiht hr could not more effectually protnote sold. an object than by supporting the proposition of the Member/el Cork. With regard to the nececessity of enforria( the two main securities for the maintenance of Ike Protestant iuto rests, he heggrol to read to the Moor the rolls of a distinguished Statesman. "In grant. ing an extension of the civil rights of the Roman C s . tholic holly, due provision ninst hr made for the in %•iolable maintenance of the religions tool civil esta hlislantents of the 17nited Kingdom. Mitch mast be done for mutual conciliatiou, muck for comae* satety. Many contending interests moat be recon ciled, many jcaloneies tomtit be allayed, enemy long. cherished and mutually destructive prejudices mast be eradicated." Such were the sentiments of a distin guished Member of the other House, which, in hi , opinion, overbalanced all the arguments hr hal heard against the Imre:110y of securities. He -I,ired, loon-ever, that if the present Hill should pr., no mended in that House would be more auxins. du himself to reo: ale all parties to the measure. Mr. It. MARTIN (Oalway) said, that if there ow one county in Ireland more likely than another to tr turn a Catlootit: Represeutative to that Howse, he lie• lieved it was the °minty in which he had the bonner to represent. That consideration, however, ocelot not prevent him from supporting both the Wile, awl whether he were likely to have a Catholic competitor or Mr. not, h C. H e should vote for going into th obe Committee. CUTCHINSON begged to serve, that he had not stated that the Roman Catholic Clergy of Ire• Lend were against the Bill, for he bad Not hitherto ha I any r ;;;;; munication %title then/ on the subject. Mr. SHAW (as we understood) said, he had not heard of a single Catholic in the county which be had the honour to represent, who ball not spoken of the Bill in terms of the highest gratitude and natiefactioo. Mr. HAKIM: thought it would be better to impese the, oaths, not upon those who were now Catholic Priests, out on those who might be hereafter ordained. in' the Priests now in Holy Orders, some might be well dispose'', and others might object to taking the oaths, and it would be a verfinconyement and u.spleasaut opera. lion to ~.11 then. together for the purpose of imposing these oaths. This was an observation, however, which was better soitell to the Conmeitter than to the present mate of the House, ail he should therefore reserve himself for that stage of the Bill. Mr. S. RICH expressed his conviction that the feeling of all the well disposed Catholic population of behind was favourable to the Bill. The Hun. Member read t• the House a letter from a Catholic of the highest deg rader and authority in that part of I relayed is which be resided, in which the Catholics were stated Mite desalt tol to the Legislature for the kind concession which were extended to them. Hr (Mr. R.) declared that he should soprani the snore! Bill, not because he bended danger from the Catholics, but because he ving:a to remove the fears and apprehensions of the Pretest ants,.and. entirely concurred with the Right Homo . able Member for Liverpool (Mr. Canning), that to reject the securities world he a fraud upon the Protestant, aid a violation of the pledge which bad been given to wile lain them: •M r. N. MOORE said; be had been engaged ill a "1 eetennive aorreespondesee upon this subject ; and Ire believed 'bat it was in a great measure owing to his exertions that the Bill was this year brought before the douse— (Hear. bear and a langh.)--From the sip swers which had been returned to his inqniriees wig from all the infortdatioh which he had been abk tr collect, be could assure the Waite that a general unanimity prevailed among the Catholics with respect to this second Rill, though there might be some ardent spirita still at work, who would neither be reconciled to that norauy other INeaStSra. Colonel BAOIVRIL said, he was convinced that the measure would he gratefully received as a howl that the Catholics of Ireland its general, and that it weak prigesote the tranquillity and security of that celleltY• The question was th.w pet and agreed to, and the Speaker deaving left ihe Chair, of the dtireacaektri:i.itu.psaltoionoant'stiettilissolsecilisaabeialitiffeturterhsnirtmthetec.illtaita.tline'll: following e l persons in :tibahbrtroblieywnxigetohrtcreaaidniesers‘iixoliweftwahaaluierip:i • s titbaltri.olniA of-time !N o t: pop nnpearionwnnsolrnewha:, s ate d i so b % hereafter called wool to excretes any spiritual lane loh.ttni•" H*•diVin.riindi)entLienenUaiat. : I ' ;:e .'l, ad t eaptoel hat if , t r O tti ot e a c t ota ion ignin ef i t t l y ,e ; to s a d a 7.f t i e w en coa t* thieti•PrrissrestilluivasibdirtilaP:lailirreetthe • • I I .~~-~ :~ 4 (