The Statesman. — London, England, 1815-05-24 00:00:00

i i :• • 1111°P , w; • 4 , 11 .-~.- ~"' ': ATESMAN. Ji: THE ST, ~~ • was master of almost all the great military pnsitioes difficelt to reconcile the Proclamation of the Allies, narcher e • frithis s positive express provision *xi in in Europe ; and, therefore, bad any sudden calamity lin which Itoneparte wasedeclared, an outlaw,' and seteroede that the Dauphin should e eenounte his title to hnppetted to the Allied A rm y, he w o uld' bane had , the general 'object of 'vetigiance, however draws' - the thne of Spain, on 'the deeth tell Charles IL But rei possession of the wh o l e o f the western part of ". (brain, with such statitenttis: , anti the reports or the on his demise the Deice of Anjou succeeded by the rope again; and he w ou ld thus have been enabled Ipublic prints, that vessels C o n v eyi ng munition to will of the deceased,.and gave a right toall the parties . to carry on his own operations in France, Flanders, I that Geversiment against which we were about to of the former Treaty to interfere for his deteroue. and in Italy . . It was fur these reasons that the I. wagO*llest i ttities; were bronght into our ports, and meat. But•those cases differ materially from the pre-i math. the Treaty with Bonaparte. As to r eubseessiiisly r el eafte e. What, then, was the state sent. The probable union of two great States the conduct which ought...nnweto be .parsoedeethetti.! of the country, and what was the Mouse called on threatened a.serious calamity ; but, even than, the was rin chance, no probability or our ever seeingee-lVitaniliiiirf . "—Wal It to place a power in the heeds Powers interested did not declare war until they had stronger or more sunlit:4 ,teufaderauy .than that J.ef qtweetwomat,. which they may exercise at discre- preciously demanded certain guarantees to eastire which at present existed, and such an opportunity ition ?—But the House was required to sanction a their safety ; such as cautionary towns for the Dwell, ought not to be Inst. But he bad taken every !Treaty beco — rt; the Austrian ratification had arrived. and such others as prudence or fear suggested. Foil pains to ascertain all the chances in our faveuri It is true - the Noble Kari bad asserted that the Treaty big in this, they declared their resolution of dethron. and the sentiments of the people of France, a n d, wanted nothing bat the stamp of refire, and that ing Philip, mid both Houses of Parliament addressed• although ultimate success must ever be in the no doubt •exiated et die fival agreement of Austria, Queen Anne, praying her not to conclude a peace. hands of Providence, yet it oils his opinion, and ; audio proof of this asierliqu quoted the dispatch of until the attainment of that object ; but in the event, that of all others capable of Judging, that se had Lord 01,,,,ty: ne was - wirfog to repose with when unsuccessful, they found their apprehensions to the means fully in Our power, anti that ee had i OinfeCl faith on tho correctness of this representa- be imaginary, and actually enjoyed afterwards a every prospect of success. If we were stet to enter I thin ;. Oct tlie Treaty was not . as yet testified ; - and longer peace than they had eves expected. The into war, what would be the consequence ?—a.' state ;If by any unforeseen accident, arising either from . Treaty concluded , at Paris on a late occasion, when of alarm, a state of feveri s h anxiety, a state financial difficulties arrange ments , Aus- the marriag e between the Princess Charlotte and the of military preparation ; and, he asked, would rosy tria' any pessibility desire to withdraw Prince of Otauste was in contemplation, for the pur man say, that an armed peace would he a tle. herself front ; the teatition, there was tto engagement pose of preventing the same :leetsarch from possessing sirable thing ? He admitted, that under certniu which entitdepreveut her'. lib; said possibility, not, the Government both of Eitglatel and Holland, was tumsttnees, an armed peace would be better than u . - probalsitity, for 06d - kaireays the probability of such founded on the same pritsciples, to prevent an ac war. It would be so, if Europe was in 'nn con- i lit *reef eetild net lie CAniemplated. This neght, cumulating of power its one person. But this was ! dition to enter intoactive war ; but the question now 'then, theirLordships'Were required to pledge them. essentially different from the ',resent case; in width t . was, not whether we should prefer an armed peace 'selves toe war (Miler this peculint ciresoustince e but the danger Was represented as Wing merely. personal, I to war with unprepared means ; hut- whether a front lid* part of the Cave he would torte, not t goirsi e and arising• front , the pelsoisal character of an heti.' war in which we could strike the blow with toter./ dering it sollicieetlf important 'to' •occueeyilheir victual.. Much at history has !teen of•lstedisligeeted *seeped of success, was not preferable to an arineif Lordships' attention any farther,"' and prone to. by the sectemulatints of false pretences of wet, one 'peace? We now had the means in our power, and examine the arguments advanCed its support est the similar to the present never was advanced. lit dial were we to forego them, .and lose the power whicleineasure. • The fit4t point to which the igdbv; tart not cntsceire•see ptessonal character fa Ire of the least hereafter some great ercestily might call for ? (Liverponl) Mit/deur, was the consideration of the consi•iesetion ; for, supposing the swoon of France •we had any prospect 'of the coutionance of peace, 'general right of engaging in war. This restion, and Spain to be n cause of interference in this anon- , we should not en the ground of ecoiromy go - to' however, it was thought immeteriel to isiboui; t hut try,.happening even under the reign of to imam- I war; bet the expellee would be nearly the same , what etas said on it did not Satisfy Itkat, It wls 'bilious Monarch, he would take theconverse of that, vow if we remained at peace, as it would be if we :asserted, and the principlewas7 . ttriefly just, dell the sod !pert that the existence of ass ambitious 'Mo- entered lute the war. Ile bad stated on a former only proper ground for engaging' in war, wee eel& taarch e _witli limited- power, would not justify out in- ! occasion, that it was not the wish of the Prince lie. defence. Self-defence utidouleedlY gave a rust ; terference. A Moe-arch was but mortal, liable, like gent to goad the Allies into a war, but to wait until but to this mutt Oe added a powerful necessity. The all others, to sickness and death, whose personal cha. ' it was - seen how they felt•inclim d towards war.--- terms were never to Ire hsed tfiejtieteively e for the racier was not therefore to be insister' on. As to the The prindple on which hit Royal Highness washed war that was strictly just, most afse be absolutely alleged violation of the Treaty of , Fontainbleau by to act was, that the war should spring out of their necessary. B u t whe n he spoke of necessity, be did Bonaparte, it had been allowed thekeuch breaches . 'own sentiments, on the very first impressions made not con fi ne himself to that stale of iueviteble` war • w ere committed by the Allies as would justify his roe- ' upon them by the events which called for the war.— wh?ch precludes all possibility of receding—ohick, , duct. His pension never paid—his property con- Ministers gave macient time to the Allies, and by direct and open aggression, prevents chance , fiacated—the rights of hie son curepromised, by de .iraited for, their determination, and the determine- of an alternative- Natives *Ore Often celled open . ; priving him of the Duchies of Parse, Placentia, and thee they came to was, to cuter into the war with to oppose remure and eivitlngent w‘en:'a i Guastalla. It has been held by tit writers on the i eigner - this was the result of their own well- prudent foresight ipprehended eventualingery e but I,Lsw of Nations, the one condition violated abrogates fitundeti opinion. On this occasion he had this satfs- this apprehemeau most be manife s t even to Ordinarylan entire Treaty. So it was with Bonaparte; and tali 'faction of feeling on the part of, all the Powers, 'observers, or at least must he sincerely felt,' and such he was justified in attempting to regain his otrej that they had no interest at stake, but the security not merely used as a pretext .for plunging a eat on 1110147. He next referred to the influence of 'the ! -- Friarcare , to-France itself, they did not wish to into the m i s e r ie s o f ear , to appease revenge °sera.' Treaty on the state of France, and how tar it'. ember territories .any portion of her of) . ambition. 'This appreheesion he could not better was bound, to preserve it, The right of choosing' independence taken away ; they h a d e ..... es e e h to dim'. designate than by using the tent applied in our come, its Government was sacred its exercise could not I nigh the power or greatness of Freuce; no, _mon law to that specios of terror which justifies destroy the peace, and particular exemptions should ' object was, to see a settled, solid, and peaceful eleet e je e nsese be "a real apprehension," ; have been laid down in sptkifiC terms ; but no such Gorernment - in that country, which would promote and not the mere suspicionit'iT're thine-appeared in any freisty, nor was any particular the security and happiness of Europe.—He had said this right of arming to .auticipate danger, is attain- j forte of Government denied to 'Franco: she may last s ear, that there was no manifestation of liostili. palsied by a necessity equally imperitive, which is Ihave had a urilitary despotism, or a republic, ty to the existing Government of France, nor w ee a previous de.nend of .right. If any danger he and Ney or Messetta may have beta heads of one, the league either then or now at 'anent* with the threatened, if- ally power be assumed siscorapatible ,or Sieyes or Carnot senators of the other. But it real interests of that' kingdom. But he was fully with the 6-mired security, if any possession be seieed has been said, that its. consequence of the Dour. persuaded, and he had the hest rowans and the best contrary to the spirit of juttiee—a demand for pro. bow Government, France obtained terms which authority for what he was saying, that three-fourths per'guartueres, or fee intinediate reetitutione tele.: were formerly reluctantly withheld from ,Bonaparte, at least of the people of France were desirous to be quired; b e for e ee r an be kistifted In commeeeind and that therefore Froice eels affected by the vista relieved from the present 'Government. No right hostilities. This principle . may perhaps OMR _of , POPO oithea:reaty. Our claims then on IPrence ex was advanced or pretended, or had ever been set up exception in certain cases, where the &ingot was so; lead: no &Alter than to demand the restitution of on the part of the Allies, to dictate any particular imMitiesit as not to afford issflitient opportunity fir' those terms thus granted. This must he their extent ; form of Government. But there was a right inherent fulfilling the forms prescribed •br the laws of no- for if we proceed further, and require -every thiue, and acknowledged by reason, and by the authority fiesta! equity. This principle of *et had been al- authorised by the Treaty, we claim- too mach, even of the best political writers, to interfere forpreveast. reedit laid down by the Noble Ear) (Liverpool), but the restoration of the Bourbons. He next adverted ;mg the establishment of a Government dangerous to hot in 'a mariner sufficiently explicit. Ile hoped to the character of the war, and remarked on the the peace and welfare of surrounding States. The their Lordships would pardon him for proceeding tendency of the Declaration of the 13th of March. ohattrvance of treaties and solemn agreements was over the same grounds on a principle so very simple. This Ind been called perfectly legitimate, and as its essential in the social order of nations as well as of in- How On) should he apply this? Iles any danger spirit was recognised in the subsequent Treaty of the disidoals; hot the whole or fundamental parts of the been threatened by France, or any act of aggression ' 25th, he would conclude that the war haul been de.' treaties with the late and present Ruler of France committed? And was our demand of reparation dared, never to 'cease, until either the death of Na had been violated. In a dispatch which had recent- neglected ? N' such thing. e -Was that state of war. pnlenii or his complete triumph. Their Lordships iy been transmitted from Vienna by a Noble Lord, like preparation undertaken, .which would make should consider to Whet an alternative they would OP views and proceeding' of the Allies had been set one nation jealous of the _designs of another.? No reduce the country, when they exasperate a matt of forth in a clear and perspicuous manner. That state. such thing occurred. On what, then, was the right lioneperte's talents, at the head of so powerful a mew was before the House, nuld the plaits question of the war fonteled ? On the contra rearm' of some country as France, and agitated by such haul passions, was, whether peace with the existing Government of, treaty ? This was the reason given by the Noble usareimputed to bine Whet hope could this country France be maintained or not ? If net, he would lord. it %UP; said, by him, (hunt the Treaty of have s if .conquered, to receive favourable ternie?-- ask were the means of seekiere a security for peace role was cuitclatted; by which those terms that were fit; 44 'came to the question of expediency. The which were in our hinds to be abandoned, and were formerly relticiuntly withheld from France, during Noble Karl (Liverpool) was of (pinion, that the we by such abandonment 10 forego all hopes of ob. the geverninetit of Napoleon, were given , to her in • success of the war rested upon two grounds—first, tattling either future peace or security ? The npi. consequence of tier return to the Bourbon authority. upon the lutenist' state of France, and next, upon nien of that House was of deep importance. Their lie expressed his satisfaction that Ministers haul . the power of . the Confederacy. First, then, with' Lordships certainly would not countenance tiny men. (*ken that ground, because, by placing the questims respect to the intermit state of France—he appre. sere which they were not convinced was right ; but they there, it no lottger involved the tight' of every coun- i fiended that the Members of hie Majesty's Govern_ would recollect the serious responsibility they would try to choose its own form of goterement. Ne . niew' tent were pot better informed upon this subject incur, which the notices would incur, if they sheald held snore sacred than he did the righta of eiety hi than other persona; and from the channels - through' be the only authority in Europe opposed to (liege. dependeet nastiest ; but he Saw- no advantage in die. which information was received, he could not but neral feeling with respect ta France. It was a feel. cussingethstract questions, which•were always MOM- think that it would be ditlicult to come to a •satis iug of humaiiity and common sense throughout Eu.. keenly retinue circumstances. Every %Metres had an" factory conclusion, either on the one side or the' rope, no part of whicts would be safe, not Prance undoubted right to choose that govertinseut beet unites' wirer. It was impossible to consider that all iti. herself, who by the voice of tier best inhabitants . to their situation and feelings; anti all weitOei on fornettiots respecting France was disinterested, cried out for a change of that Government with Natioutil Lew deprecato the interference, emistroul,. came from interested sources; nod, therefore, the! which she was afflicted. Provklessce united us with or eutroechateut of other Powers ; teat he Wits not flattering hopes which were raised. 'by the statements . potent, great, and *Agent Allies, by a firm and one to held the genertil extehsious of thi s p t i t i c iele; of the Royalists, of risines its various parts of Francs vigorous onion with whom the rescue of Europe had --[Hear, hrac —Ha agreed lit freely with the. wisest the power of Bonaparte, could not be che. been once achieved, and lay a cordial and unabated Noble Lord, that the exercise of theeetteitt;lf• Wee dished with any very implicit enaiitlence. And the , co-operation with whom the peace and security of genius to _other nations, was liable to cantroul; but accounts which were received through the medium nations was likely to be finally and permanently Csis principle likewise should he received with Mai ! . of proclamations, of the existing Government, issued established. His Lordship concluded with moving,. tation, for, if carried to extremes, it would operate for purposes of ostentation, with a view of giving a that the Menage of the Prince Regent be read.— a general injury, and destroy 'the most sacred rights colour of vigour to acts of a trifling nature, were to The Message being read aocordingly, his Lordship of 'the people. The interference then by Foreign be viewed with equal jealousy. It was only by a • moved, that au humble Address be pseseteed to the Powers did not depend on every remote or possible cotnparisma of circumstances aid of Ruch facts :se! Prince Regent, thanking his Royal Highness far Isis danger. Ile was conlideut the Noble Earl was i l oo come to our knowledge from authentic sources, that I most gracious Message, and proceeding in the usual correct, too great a friend to the general principle a just estimate of the real state of things could be I mode, as an echo to the Speech. jof national right, to found it on t h at species of danger formed. 'rite Noble Earl was old enough to recol. Earl GREY rose, and commenced by observing, connected with the right itself. The brit way then led, that at the beginning of the French Itevolu.l that the Noble Earl (Liverpool) had delivered a to examine it was to look to the cases Where the ea. ;lon we were constantly buoyed up by hopes of a t speech abounding with gratuitous assumption, but . ercise was controlled. These were uniformly con- amilarele4cription to those now endeavoured to bel deveid of every principle of sound policy, such as fined to the apprelsossions of unions between great inculcated by the Noble Earl—namely, (lint three• ought to influence a British House of Parliament ; Powers, which would, of course , be dangerous to fourths of the people of Franc e were inimical tol confident likewise of success, with ou t regarding' the others . I n the case of the Pragmatic Seamiest, the existing Government. But what had beet' act the opposite side of the case, or considering the pose effected by Charles VI. in 1721, to pres'erve inviolate result of these hopes? Ile would appeal to :he sibility of failure. An Address had been proposed, the Austsiets dontiatiosts, and to support the interests perience of the House, . whether, at the time echoing the Message, and sanctioning the 'Treaties of the payee, in contemplation of the weak reign of these hopes were tricot sanguine, those eerieds laid before the House, but by which it was difficult a female, we mere called in as parties, sold, as such. had not uniformly proved to be periods of Ilse to know what was the real state of the country. If would be justified its subsequently interfering in case greatest military exertion, and of the greatest force he looked merely to the Address, the Message, and of a violatio n s. This 'whinny occurred. 'ln the war and energy. The cirruktion of steel reperts had, the Treaties, he would conclude, that we were sc. for the Succession, its which we were involved, to in fact, only called into action the ettergies of the tunny - at war; but when lie remembered what had prevent Philip of atm.jou, the second salt of the Government in a more vigorous manner. Speaking been said by his Majesty's Ministers on a former Dauphin ,of fiance, succeeding 'to the Crown of on this subject, it was impossible not to call to mind evening, in answer to a question proposed by him- Spain, consequences were appr henffed dangerous to. the experience of the republics of Rome and self, that no act of positive hostility had occurred, ! the general liberty. Kieg William hattengegedin a G reece—of which, it was allsseed, that the period , and that no letters of marque and reprisal wet e as ! Treaty of Partition, unjust in its principle, arid ity). when they were most disturbed at home, were the yet issued by our Government, he was compelled ' politic iii its nljectoogivlttpaHrtte Charles of Austris periods o f their greatest epletelour abroad. 're to entertain a contrary opinion. It was, however, land to partition the other dominions of that me. apply this case here, he conceived that at this mo- ment, so far was the Government of France .from affording any hopes of success from the resist. knee which was opposed to it, that the only e fi eet produced by that resistance was a eeeater portie e of eeertion, and a more determined perserm e " in the plans which had l l i r a e e e ig f( czn t i h rns of eticethcle. tlbreachthe Noble Earl had said, three-four t hs eeei e e , %sere against the Goveittmeet e of & nee parte, i.e conceived that the very 'system of s e . eressiee, 'which was cow proposed, weold predoc e , instead of advantaee, the neee iecalculeble n e e , chiefs. Bat ho %could ask, -teem whet foutet e ri el this settement of the Nc,ble Earl tette!? Alt aic information v, hick he had had an opperetreivy of obtaining, had induced him to come to the come t _ sion that the Gower:meet of the lieu-dente:swat an poplar, not only among the milettre,leit A men the 'note refitted .pert of eilrepepwlation.orfra ree ; and that, if it had been tontiougel,•in all probability it he* Reiolution would have' beekie reitlit *that reentry. Rot twerp thee. owstutery mita eit retie_ flee of this conclusitet ? In a pamphlet money pub. lisie;tl by a French - Noblemen, which foe intended to have brought distill ,packet, n lagniiie r e rev i ew was taken of Ihe state of Frence, from the period of ! the KinesacCessioteto his flight. The s t ates, !' the t these in*favnur of the ftttig were I he Clereyethe old Noblesse, and those r ef s•Ils eho were &win. Iguishetl at Come—bet these denies he remarked, were of leapt weight iet the ceeeral melee of the ne. lion. Vutswbe had he'teaVed p gunnery toe lung First, the whole of the ery ; then, all who had acquired national prope rty, not, 'with reason or eithout. This Li tt r e h tese e e , observed, were apprehensive- tittl e dideeeelie neer system, their property nac insecure, utev)tet t ce tey t;tecatite enemies to the Geweritwewi e • elie strouisi•etere advert to the argument of the Nettie Lard ettistite4 i s. wede that this Was military reso)okett, and ate. trary to the ,wisher_ oftheeeeepte e . fr epptstred: to him that there was not sufficient festodatien for such -a conclusion—and; as illestrative of -kit amertion e he would call uponehe • kites, to say, 'tether thet-ie. lieved that ilthepeople ef 'France seem teteily hostile to • Bonaparte, that ixtrabrilinary Melt Rabid' have proceeded with the rapidity of the• pOstvfeem, the time of his landing to his eptrance lute 't i e Wilk licarce a handful of twee, soihetimes before gear& 'sad .sometimes .after them, 'without. meeting tips slightest opposition, or encountering .any other feeling than that of pleasure wherever he went?.— Throughout the whole of theextent s tif country ever which he travelled-be was invariably received with acclamations—end this being the case, he would ask, whether there was •not a general, and not simply a military disposition ln his favour ?- IThere was another reason, however, for inher it' this to be the case. Ue had always heard that nue I peculiar excellence accompanied the French army, ' which did not belong to the troops of other countries, ' and that was that since the French Revointioo. feint the effects of the Conscript Lows, and the diflicahy of obtaining substitutes, pereot . is of higher rank and supetior qualities thau previously, were'en. relied iii the ranks; ;eel hence so far was the tot. litary from being a styarate claw, distinct from the general disposition of the people, that thisy might he considered as' a pretty srceneate speciera of the feeling. of the people as And wliat tended more clearly to emliflo tits confidence of the present Gplielatnellt its the general feeling of the people, was the fact of their arming the whole mile population, from the age of twenty to sixty, who,' th4t well knee e,' if they' ere dissatisfied with the restoration of Bonaparte, might easily tarn their arms egcrinst him. This, at least proved., whatever might be the sentiments anrerraieed' by the Noble Lord, that there was net the least &trait felt on the part of the French Government. 'I he Noble Earl, to point out' the eiPediency of adopting rather a course of: moderation thou of. aggression tn. *wide Fiance; conceivi4,• as he dirt,' from all past itperieoce, that the laqgoair(Sifeilaree ; would tend to disavow, while .acte -of 'trir'ettre Un4 wiciletice would only lend to Retaken the ptide e 'aced give impetus CO the energies of the French people. ilavin'eutaken a j view of the internal state of France, which he: ap preheeded weedd be considered not quiteso favour. able as had beep represented, by the Noble Lord, be wctuld neat advert to the strength of the Conte. &mei, The first consideration which offered itself was, how far. the prospects' ef the:Allied Powers were•better than at the commencement of the last year. It would be recollected that in the Runes* campeign of 1812, the Freed, army were almost-all. nihilated; but notwithstanding this, early in the spring of 1513,, Ronaparie again . took, the field at the head of a new army. This : army, like the fet ter, was broken and deft reyed,: but the Cnentnefre" metteof the, Year 1814 ogon presepted: Ogniaparte with a cdrps of 150;000 men, indepetteent-!'f thi n garrisons on the Rhine, the array under the Viceroy of Italy, and the other' tretipse of whose assistance he could tint avail himielf the,ff.ltl. In opeosi• lion to this limited• foreveAo presented a combined army 10,000.... It..might he said, that this was an exaggerated statement of the force newel!y is thofield, but he thought he vinght fairly state the tiennber of mete opposed to 14otiaparre at 340,000--eand yet, whoever .reoefleetie the events of that campaign; musteeelt to rebid that the success of the Allies depended upon, the narrowest accideol• —With-this circumstance in view, who could look witho appreheesinn to aereuewal of the war mare especially when it 'Wes recollected' that Franey had, since dint period; concentrated those forces•. which bad previously been dispersed, added to her resources at least 100,000 men, who had been pri soners of war, end by her lows of conscription, called into action almost the who;st of her'nelle 'gelation ? Tice Noble Eari• then took a r eview of the prolethlo extetit of Pie ermy of the Allies, Ore which so much 'reliance had been placed. served, that from Senn) and Portugal little or il6 as sistance creed he expert, il. With respect to the German States, nn aresceement had as . yet fiPen mad' , as to the farce white) t!tey were to filing into the ti:ed, en:lough it ass pretty clear aliditieeat subsidies must he granted to secure their assieanc'e The army, lie ceetended, was no luneer i" that S'aln r ef (lisrip;it,e in which it was lei! VII 10 tic tore by the Del,e ef Wellington, the flow"' of rants havine, been scat to perish ingloriously in Aim e e . rica. The' Saute troops, from the ieeraetude Ws . which they had been treated, could not again ;' France ' resist. 1 f Vrioct portinn VP , 4nce If, as Preach gOtia. of , g _ rodocela mic it,ts t fi,„ l 0 .? nit; of cousin.. sae WI.. tifllOng 'Met; Nubility JO *that II r t y pub. lidea to review ariod of r states, ri;,„the narked, the fn. &Mg