The Statesman. — London, England, 1814-09-13 00:00:00

F' • A Portsmouth letter states, that. , OA Ceplsaias, which arrived there on Saturday eight hest, confirms the account given of the action between the Arun sad the American ship. The Cep/tales bad spoken t►e Tartarus, Capt. Pascoe, off the coast of Ire. l ea d, who informed tier that the Avon, of 18 guns, ba d engage d an American ship of war, supposed to b e the Wasp, on the night of the 1.4 inst. and after a desperate battle (which was so closely fought that the muzzles of the guns of both ships frequently toadied, and prevented the rammers and sponges from being used), the Aron went down. Sne hid her mainmast shut away in the action. This account save, a few initiates before the tital event, Captain Arbuthnot called out that he had surrendered, as the ship was going down. The Americans, however, did not regard this. The Cmtilian, Capt. Braimer, saw the action, but Could not assist in it ; she got up to the wreck in time to take off the remaining part of the crew, amounting to about 40 persons ; and in passing the American she fired a broadside into her stern, which the enemy did not return, nor did the Castilian af terwards see her. T:le night was dark and bois terous. The Cartiliun proceeded to Cork. The Wasp (and there is'every reason to suppose that to hAve been the vessel) sunk the Reindeer sloop after a nstee similarly contested, and afterwards went to • L'Orieut to refit. Mr. WIJITIMAD came to town on Saturday, in she confident espeetition of finding Drury-lane Theatre comptete. He was, of course, greatly dis appointed ; but the important alterations that have taken place, and the magnificent appearance of the tool ensJorble (oven in the present state) came in aid of the architect, and we are assured he at length enr*i•ell himself satisfied of the impossibility of opening this evening, as it was orignally intended, still* Nat eJtraordinary eclat which is anticipated on Saturday nest, when it will assuredly open. • THE SIIIP'4 Cons A GREAT OfFlCEß.—According in au eIA Jt tAed form in the nary ; when a ship is paid otf, uo officer must quit the port or consider himself discharged, until the pennant is struck, which can be done only by the cook, as the last offi. ter, at sunset : and should he be absent, no other person can perform the °lce, however desirous the officers may be of taking their departure, and al though there may not be a single seaman or marine fistbuard. A c,urious instance of this took place last peek, at Plymouth, on the Caledonia's being paid o n: When the time arrived for hauling down the pennant, no cook could be found, from which cause the officers were under the necessity of waiting a day or two, until he made his appearance. • Amongst the last arrivals in this country from France is lieutenant. General the Honourable-We WC ILLAGUAY, of the 39th regiment, who d - guitihed himself in the late enricements asist S OUL T, near Bayonne, and on the banks of• he Adoar. This distinguished Officer was, for the last twenty years, fighting in all parts of the globe in de. fence of his King and Country. - Ile is brother to one illustrious countryman Vi'count 1 4 tsmotte, and wephew to that staunch patriot, the Right Boa. 6 MUMS POM01111111.—(DNI•1ik !Crewing Post-.) The new Birracks for the Life Guards are to be begun . upon immediately in the Regent's Park. It Is understood that henceforth the Captains of Troops will enjoy the rank of Lieutenant-Colonels in the tney, and the Lieutenants that of Captains, which Wll .place the Officers of Once regiments .on a foot tiiii 's*it the Officers of other household troops in his chantey, as well es with those of every other Court of Europe. _• As esowstous Foim!—A physefur, or spermaceti fish acne calod .a, or round-headed cachula species, pros killed between Baidnyle and Ilowth on Tuesday evening, by Mr. George Smith. This Gentleman, accompanied hb 4 boy, was engaged in fishing when It made its appearance. Bs. means of a gond musket be inflicted in a short time sn many wounds that the monster was quite disabled, and the falling, of the Side left it half usec..worell nu the strand. It measures 32 feet in length and 21 in breadth, which exceeds by Duch the dimensions of any fist' of this species, *lick UM yet appeared in thn'e Vas. i OA Sunday morning sesanight, a rick of hay, be itsagilog to Sir Wifil Hewshttote, of Mursley, ifatits, Ity over heating, Wok ire,:entredmtaunicated to three others arljoitti lig, *kith Were entirely consumed. The deneigeis estimated at'tensely MI. loll s., descoverv,• hitt/4,5611g to the geologist, was made en Monday by some workmen, employ 'enti'talting away part of Bunker's-hill, in the . 4.l4k,yerd at Plymouth. More than 20 feet below *Tie surface, they reined a laige ssumber.of petrified 'cockle and other sbella imtseddecfle the solid rock, Which must hive lain there.ever since the i)eluge, as no pert of the tlock.yard 'could hay* been subject to e influence of the sea, before its foundation, from e nature of the ground, which then consisted of *Us or high rocks, considerably above the level of li t e tide. i. BATH, SEPT. fl.-s-On Saturday night, is James Sent; a coal-carrier, of Clutton, was retorning from this city on the upper Bristol road, he was met, urban riding in his cart, and on the. wren side of (he road, by a young gentleman on horseback, who 'demounted his name; which the other, with violent dihnse,..refsned giving. The gentleman endeavour ing to read it on the front of the cart, was prevented by Hunt, who, then at the foot of the New-bridge "till, leaped yet of the cart,, and as he was striking fbe ether with his whip or a staff, be received a pis 'tot eloot, anti instantfy expired. A _Coroner's In quest was holden on Monday, at Mr. Lovenbury's (the Brass Millslen), and the Jury, after a long in- Testisition, in which a man who was riding in the cart with Hunt was the principal witness, brought in *Yentict of Manslaughter, against Mr. J. Wiltshire, of Bristol, who rode into Bath immediately after the fatal rencounter, dispatched medical gentlemen to • the spot where it took place, and then called on a )lagistrate to acknowledge what he feared had been the consequence of the act, which, on being as saulted, he had committed.—We understand, that Mr. W. o . l.l,Lettled an annuity on the widow Bunt sa lawny. St Do pos•tbee ew....... _ a higher rent?-.they 'mild be doubt. Mr. JOHN GLAREi Do not you think judge of the rent I good l a nd hn v eud e : r a y tanr m dteht a lle c ae h ceaah n i 7are: ldtr ; tin i not. I menu, that of an uncultivated i In the event of the itsferier on the principle of cold espensive clays, being relity of farmers. would there not bean absolute You have stated, has now beets applied to ' town or place where , b roug ht lands ?—Certainly. the rent bears no proportion the taxation ;is not 'i n a quant ity o f p oor l an d, though not worth cal- You have stated, In a the same effect to be expected, as to taxation, in the ti vat i on till w ithi n th a t t i me : th at p ro p ort i on i s very produce of the country event of a great decay of agriculture, by a great great. conceive, nearly one-sixth, number of the men being thrown oat of employ- D o you suppose it is one-fifth ?—lt might be about being forced out of tillage ; st. meet ?—Of course it would. one-fifth or one-sixth ; but I speak with great nu- 'lion of foreign corn to replace Upon what principle do you assume, that 10s. a i eertaisity. , you apprehend that the bushel is the lowest /rice at which corn can be ae. Do yon nee conceive that there are lands in this. same ?—Yes. forded by the English grower ?—Upon this prin- kingdom that were in cultivation es corn lands 20 or I If the supply from abroad chyle, that a man shall pay a fair and moderate rent ,25 years ago, which could not be maintained in ;by any cause, of course's 1 for his land ; that the taxation shall be nearly what ;cultivation under the present ezponces, if wheat was —No doubt, and even t it is in the agricultural parishes ; and that his pro- l it eight shillings, or below that ?—I think there it a ;great uncertainties ; there , duce shall be somewhere about twenty bushels to the • great deal of old land , r taking such a country es the skill will ensure a crop, as acre. 1 wilds of Susses, or the clayey part of Surrey. I ! If five resits are necessary And that the capital required for stocking a farm, 1 thiek that land would not pay at eight shillings a 1 afford the farmer a proper .. &c. should Se as great as it is?—Certainty the cal& bushel. :lis at 201. a load s does it 4 tat should be as great, for every thing is doulgedin' t That bred has been in cultivation from time im- was at 161. a load, the loss value that a farmer has to buy. memorialle equal to the present rent -Yes; and I think as little improved as 1 portion. The rent having doubled within twenty or five-and- any. . twenty years, as you have stated, do you apprehend . Therefore fir the growth of corn in this country t What would be the effect that all the charges incident to the cultivation of land was at the skint price of Bs. a bushel, the breadth i East Riding of Yorkshires have also doubled, including the capital necessary for of acres cultiSiOd would be less than it was five-and- :eight shillings a bushel ? that purpose ?—Certainly. twenty years ago ?—Yes. Idifference. Have they more than doubled ?—I think they have, 1 Supposing the lands reclaimed from a state of 1 Would they, if restored • and particularly upon corn farms, where they have waste within the last 20 or 25 years, and the cold in as useful condition as not the means of breeding horses, which is a very clay binds that were in cultivation within that period, their cultivation ?—Nn, material article. I might call to the attention of the to be put out of tillage, would they be as valuable that you would not get Committee Wiltshire, Berkshire, and the vale of either as pastor', or in any other state, as they were good many years to come. Gloucestershire, there they are not breeders of before they case under the plough ?—Not for many East Riding of Yorkshiie, horses; a cart horse which used to be bought for 25 years to come. Lincolnshire and of Glom I very considerable distlict, 1 guineas in my early time, cannot he bought ender Would notahe result therefore, of any great tran , waste lands of Norfor 50 or 6 0i guineas now. sitioo from tillage to pasturage, in all those lands be, Is it not a necessary effect of the doubling of the that the growth of corn would revert to the dimi- 1 Thetford quite up to H price of corn, that the price of horses should rise niched scale at which it stood five-and-twenty years four times the quantity nearly in an equal proportion ?—I think it has arisen ago, and that the pasturage would not he so valuable 1 collection. in a great measere 'nom the increased cultivation. as it then was?-According to that position it would ; ! Dees not their increased • You mean to say that the capital required now is no doubt about it. 1 ger of those lands being double what was required twenty or five-atid.twenty What would be the effect of a rapid diminution : They will not be throw years ago?—[ think it more than double, fur a farm in the tillage of the kingdom, upon the demand for upon the price of corn ii of the same extent. agricultural libour ?—An increase of the poors' for growing. % s - You have stated, that one of the ingredients which rates, of course. I What price would that b. 11 enabled you to judge that corn could not he afforded Would that increase of' the poors' rates take place Ibe satisfied with 10s. bushel at less than 10s. a bushel, was fair and moderate rents; et a period when the occupiers of land, being no Do you think a less price' do you mean to escrude from that calculation those longer abte to produce corn with a profit, would be throw out of cultivatio; lands that have been let in the manner you before re- less able to meet that increased charge ?—Yes. ' four-fold ?—There is the 1 fervid to, by tender ? Most certainly ; all those You have stated in a former answer, that the sob - with every acre of this lands that have been let by auct i on or by ti c ket, in sistence of the country has materially depended , land. ~ the ways lately used, I reprobate in the strongest open the improcentesit of egricultare?—Very much : When, lrthe eePe"' terms, and exclude them totally. indeed. brou g ht to a Atto of You do not think, that even excluding those rents, What do you conceive to be the difference in the times what it did is there corn could be afforded at less than tits. a bushel ? produce, between what is called high farming, and biz thrown out 44. cult: I do not. the 4•rslisiary old course of husbandry ?-1 should a bushel ?-1 thinic if a Do son think that a rent that has doubled within think more than as much again : in consequence of he expected for his taint the last twenty or five-and-twenty years, is a fair end modern husbandry, the produce in a parish, I should vale it. moderate rent ?—Yes; and likely to teasel ; I speak conceive, double the quantity, if the capital was suffi- With corn ae 134. a, blighei very strongly upon that point, from experience, be- cient to tin justice to it. that oat of celtirmiesi which cause I have no doubt that the propel t , which is D•i sou conceive that tote improvements Is Wes fPue hip's 'its Pelittilet' ?—ths vary considerable now in my hands, w' with- delis asisiassilifire t'fie eeect altogether of increased to pat; when a man had brought out any abatement. ----'e - - ---- caoital, employed in agriculture I—With the in- state, tie would be desirous of Having been employed so extensively in king netts .1 -ustrs of the country at large. The whole face of could. and letting lands, do you conceive that a landlord, the country is changed within my experience, by im-' Could he go on with it, ha. receiving upon an average rents double to those he prevenient in the great agricultural counties ; which pence, to bring it to four times its 'prod. .--, received twenty or five.and.twents year. ago. re- improvements I ascribe to the increased application was eight shillings a bushel ?—No ; I think ceises a greater prop irtion of the gres: profits of the of the intelligence, and capital and industry of the . would not wish to go on with it ; that considering farm, than he did at that period ?—1 think he may country. I the expeeces of the cultivation, be would lose by every receive nearly about the same proportion ; but then Do you think that in those farms where improve. acre. ~ • every thing is against him in point of Isis own even- meats have not been made, and where the produce I Are you of opinion, thatif wheat should be at or. diture. ! consequently is only one - half what it would be un- i near ten shillings a bushel, no land now in cullers. li e p u ts twice as much i n to his pocket of hard der the improved system of agriculture, the defici. tion would be thrown out ?—No ; I think there would money, as he did before, bating the increases, charge ciency is to be ascribed more to want of intelligence ; not. of repairs ?—Yes, as much again, 1 think he does. , than to want ,of capital in the occupiers of such 1 What would be the consequence, if wheat was only What is the increased charge of repairs ?-1 think ; lands ?—Perhaps to negligence. i Bs. a bushel ?—I think there would be very little the charge of repairs used to be calculated, in my i Do you not think, in many instances, it is owing grown upon those districts. early time, at %ix, or six and a half per cent. I,to a want of capital ?--It may be so. f What weed be grown ?—Barley and eats. think they are at least three per cent more; I think 1 Do you Oink that the improvements in agrical- Of a good quality ?—All the wheat grown epee tney are about ten per cent. now, but that is very un- : tore will stand still or fall back, if the inducement' those high countries is of inferior quality ; the qua certain. Ito employ and increase the capital, now vested in lity of sample depends upon the quality of lAA and So that, if the eepairs of a farm of 2001. a year, farming, should be diminished ?—No doubt about it. • climate, and the advantages it has in its growth by were lel. a-year twenty-five years ago, that farm 1 If the inducement should be continued, will not sun now letting for • 4001. the repairs would be 401 . ?—; that capital be increased, and the improved system of If wheat is at or near 101. a bushel, would any !of farming extend itself more generally ?--Ia the of the consequences result from Out which have Yes, I think they would. Do you conceive that all other expences of the most rapid way that it is possible, as it is going on : been alluded to, such as labourers being thrown out landlord, his general expenditure of his income, now. iof employment, capital withdrawn, and pours rates i have increased in the same proportion as his charge 1 You mesa to say , that w h ile c o r n is at ten shil- increased ?—No; I think not. of repairs ?—I think they have, in a greater propor- lines a bushel, that would be an inducement to go ' Would mot that afford an encouragement to per. tion. ; on ?—lf the rents are formed upon a p r i nc iple of, soits-to go on with new enclosures, as they have done Are you of opinion, the increased price of every calculation, not let, as I before stated, to be worked lately ?—Yes, I--think the improvements would t ie thing has not borne equally hard upon the annul- .up to what people choose - to:give. on at that price. • ettelheilliken cant, the stockholder ) or the manufacturer ?—I sop- Have you experience of any farm, upon which a Upon old enclosed estates, the strong ds pose it has. • tenant has gone to decay from want of adequate which formerly lay in a state of pasturagelegineat What do you think is generally, upon lands of ',capital to cultivate it ; where a succeeding tenant , I many, of course, have been broken op of 1M ; : 41 fair average fertility, the proportion of rent to the ; with an increased capital, has been able to pay an 1 the cultivation of those lands becomes ustprert t gross produce ?—I should think about one-fifth on 1 increased_an d do well rent, to ?— Man y, many , would it not -roods* a long course of pars to re . - re them to a pasturage of spial : ealoe to . that _ . arable. :scores. I have known tenants _ Supposing a farm not liable to any extra charges, talc Nieman paupers, upon rents one-third of those is that the proportion by which you would be go- upon *Nei a tenant with an adegoate capital for verned in fixing the rent ?—Yes, thereabouts. improved agriculture has been able to maintain him- Was that the proportion about twenty or fire-and- self and family with credit. twenty years ego ?-No, I think not. I What is vier opinion respecting leases in agricol •Was it -then greater or less ?—Fivtkomd-twenty tare ?....*My cpinion as to leases is favourable, under do better 'with calculat- - that I should expect something iss which they were preaious to thehrilkeing broken up? —No doubt. rtt In your extensive empirrynratokl--slaset price of wheat have you filed rents in the.. letting of., firms for the last five or six years?—Within the last five or six years my data has been aboditips. a bushel. Never higher ? —No ; nor less. that TUC 'stances, leal *he Corn years ago a farmer could ing a fourth, or even a third, than he can bow at a fifth. • A farmer could do better in calculating upon four, or even three rents, than he can uow at five ? —Yes ; I mean calculating upon the modern fann ing, which is by espence, in comparison with the old-fashioned husbandry. You have stated, that the growers of corn in Eng land could not pay a fair and moderate rent, and afford to sell at less than ten shillings a bushel ; what would be the effect of corn being upon an average years at eight shillings a busliel, upon the cold them circomstatines, . _ to be done, and the farm left in good condition the expiration if the lease*, otherwise I should not advise the granting of it; I oapict it should be an incentive for the tenant to lay out his money upon the land, to cultivate it, to band it down to my Andrew in excellent condition. • Then leases are highly beneficial to the increased produce of the kingdom ?—Yes. certainly. In cases of most large estates where leases are not granted, is there not a kind of coundenee on the part of the tenant, either that he shill not be romorevl without being allowed for improvrosent. ; or that he shall cooties! without his ront being raised for a 9 Do not yoo think it was to be expected, esiount of rent would, in many in: creased in proportion to the *increased price of ? :--Very likely ; a man would be glad to make the AIM interest he could. Can you state what the proportion of the price of labour now and twenty-five )enrs ago is ? —The price of labour encreased about the time of the scarcity in .1799 ; then came the riseio tabour. Can you star the average pt hoer ?—tt S 4 very slit. Pelt to say What is an average • in th e northern dis. trict, I think, it is about es. 6d. a day for aviciet. -; t think it na: not more than 1444:—. , nd Hampshire eighteen _ . . stiff class of poorer lands which now produce corn Ille , —I think that the incitements that there are now, certain period, generally adequate to she comn4 , 4 and the spirit of the country to cultivate the waste run of leases ?—Yes, certainly; he. expects what is and poor lands, would cease, and they would turn just and right. them into sheep-walks ' • they would not pay the ea- What do you think nosid he the effect upon the pence of cultivation, if wheat was at eight or seven facility of feeding the people of this country in the shillings, or to come back to the old price of five course of a few sears, if the inferior lands be thrown shillings a bushel. out of tillage ?—lt would create a greater difficulty Is there not a very considerable proportion of the than there is at pretest. wheat of this kingdom raised now opo , , strong cold Do you conceive it wadi, create a higher pike ? clap and poor laud I— . .fs great deal upon poor If there vas leo grove the price men be higher. turwl.lahoor Tite agricultural labour of Wiltahitra actreoly amount - to above sitteen or penile: now the consequence they ,are all upon inth.p.ots rates._ I disk, in al: the country about Marlborough, galisbury, Andover. and all that country, not -twice than that is paid; there are many pari.hes round that pseud thpcdootry where • labeeter'. family not on the 4. - #t- . •• • I' -' ir • : - 17'7" , ' l'" If w; -.. , i• . ~ . , . . . . , THE STATESII.M.: • CORN LAWS. . ~ • alt Jusltiratloai, leek at the flinty port of end. lialapilreelead all that within eI DO es.. Examination.—Contitteru _ i. the roaCitaflitiwai, why tfiey pt town dressings. What woelipo the effect upon the cold clays of ink in general the farmer is the best Susses, Kent, and Norfolk ?—I should think they t he can afford to pay ?—Certeibly malt be laid down in grass; that they would not at I look apron a farmer to be a man pay for cattiaatiaa. d mind; a man who does not go elf- What proportion of the grain of the kingdom of calculation; I speak of the gene- should you conceive is now produced upon land, of that description?—That is a very wide question in- ed, that in fixing rents near to any doled. I have already elated, that the incentives to sere there is a decayed mauatacture. agriculture within the last few years, have brought proportion to the taxation ; is not ' in a °timidly of Door land. thourh not worth cal. J. WM" , taimmEmmegicaEamial.... ey woad be mow tabsabbri moierment liet.ewpftail ibriag il.e intoned osterrar.unim a 'level th• I left in a . stete erifi elderet-Asigo itarer. •• he inferior htirds 4 particularly oe ys, being forced out of tillage s an absolute lass of capital which ed to the improvement of those , in a former answer, that the Hintry might be dimini.hed, yort lane-sixth, by the inferior lands tillage : supposing the inspotte. .n to replace that deficiency, dO at the prices would remain. the , • . • in abroad should be interrupted 'nurse 'the price would be higher! even the home growth is open to ; there is no human foresight or mop, as we have seen recently. necessary, es you *se stated, to proper reinunerstion v when wheat does it not follow, that if n heat the loss to the farmer *avid be it rent ?—it murk be-in that prt the effect upon the wolds je the rkshire, of the price of corn being label I—lt would ;mike a mange restored to a their former state, bii ition as they were previonsii to —No, I thi-k they would 4 illat; at get a sward on the wads Tor to come. The wold tends of the rorkshiie, and the wold lands of )f Gloucestershire, which form a district, and the commons and qorfiillt. taking the district from to Hrlkham, produce more than Wily that they did within my re. increased produce prevent any dan. being thrown out of cultivation?--- thrown out, unless the depression corn is such, that it would slut pay 11 0 tall that be ?—f think they would Os. a bushel. leseprice than 10s. a bushel would tivation lands that have iticreaiwd P is tire Mee trouble and expense; If this land that there is with good e expellee incurred, it bas fteiPa to of cultivation to produce four. ;,is there* danger of tear land he. I.cultiv:ition by corn beitrg at Si. Ilk if a flair did not get the relit* is capital, he would cease to reltlit ot , Bt. cbtothel, Irma) a man throw ciao which had. iiren-irstre4saed..to • ;* 7 Act —that is s very .trong rime man had brought them into that • ma desirous of going on with it if he in with it, haring incurred 'hi.; ex. a?. t to four times its produce, if corn I 'her; is ilia a single labeuser's Easily not on ism - pwur.' ratPc f U P Oll the average, you Mut the price of labwes / .