The Statesman. — London, England, 1818-12-03 00:00:00

~„ F. • i i ~ ~• ~'. [ f 1 • ; x ..- - - " • STATE or FRAME. f ,. -. ; '. :‘,.• c. If tili O xll tsfz DUMAN EVENING 1 1 0ST.] , t• Cops , of a Letter heat .a Gentleman in the lottilv of France, •reletive to the condition of that coutery t and .be contrast wish our own. This let ter,-. we think, will he. peroted by roar Readers with we much interest as we-confess MP Mt on its perusal. —lt is the production of a man of great experience mid accurate obsertratinn, who has been in France ewer since the first return of the Bourbons :- ‘‘ BOortnt:Atllt. Nov. 13, 1818.—The present state of France strongly contrasts with that of her or , cient enemy. The vanquished•are, 1 can assure you, much more happy than the vanquishers ; but they are far from being contented. Expressions of hostility apinst England are In be heard on evity side. The People, like the Romans, after the Force Canditoe, breathe nothing but revenge. In this motiment the Bonapartist', the Republicans, no Inconsiderable number, and the Royaliste—(l do not wean the Ultras), seem all to write. Were war to &peed on the general feeling, I am persuaded you would not have peace for another year" And tan it be d obted that when the inflammable mate. vial exists in such abundance and force, the excuse will long be wanted ? " They are less indignant at their reverses than at the ides of having been doped This last, as it comPlaes their lamentation, sets them mnd—in or. der.let .rircover their own esteem they would pet every thing again to the hazard." This Letter, it Will lie observed, is written in the South of Franey, the chosen seat of loyalty; and the great hot-house of royalism and the Bourbons.—But the material part of the Letter comes on. " If France," continaeS our friend, " could target what is passed, she would he completely happy."—This happiness, by the way, such as it is she awes to the Revolution, and her Great Emperor. What we are going to vet ract, will, perhaps. he read with astonishment. But we have such entire and im plicit faith in the Integrity end gond sense of our Cnrrresporeleet, that we cannot for a moment doubt the troth of what he assert:. Speaking of France, ht , says—" S,e certainly possesses at present more real liberty than any oth.r nation in Europe tier Public Institutions 110 0 )(relent, and in the present system, if it continue, they are likely to obtain all the melioration of which they are a .sceptible. All the different orders of her Peopl are in a state of ease and coalf rt not equallcri elsewhere. From e, considered as to the mass of her inhabitants, is a nation, beyond ionnetrison, richer than England. There is no doubt, great weei'h concentrated in the hands of In. tlividuals, but as far us respects the People, it might as well be buried in the earth. They derive as little benefit from it is the slaves that labnor in the gold end silver mines of South America. Its England son biee• Landed Prriptietors, who possess immense tenures, end the revenues of Princes: you have Mer- i chants and Manufacturers who are gorged with 1 enormous gains, hot et the same tine, toe greet body of the People, a natural consequence, are In ostaje of almost naked poverty, a poverty that is hopeless, be- l cause it is the interest, end therefor* the policy of she system that it should continue. Hence it is, we find it always making common cause with the rich against the poor—against the inferior and labouring classes. AVI , t!Pli% what lately took place at Man.; cheater * • * * • *. In that country all is mono poly." * * • *—We ceise to copy a few of the succeeding setitinveyte. The Arts and Manufactures have been usurped by a few wealthy individuals, in constqueece of which the Labouring Classes, en gaged in the exercise of these arts, and who,perhaps, fr.rm 'he 'greatest part of the population of Englend, have been reduced to a state of daily labour and the most absolute dependence upon emplosers, who, Solely governed by a love of gain, do not allow them more for their utmost ezertiens and industry, than what is barely sufficient to maintain a miserable ex istence. " In France, property is divided, and the means of acquiring it open to all. tier la we and Insti. tutions favour this division. Here the Arts and Manufactures are free. Fortunately for her People, she cannot coutend for the possession of the mar kets of Europe, which England is under the neces• sity of doing, because, with her present burtheos, she would be ruined, were she not able to retain an universal monopoly of Commerce. In England the exercise of the Arts is emu:reared—in France it is stilfitscd. Fur example : there is hardly a town in France in w-ich you will riot find a number of fa milies living independent and at their ease, on the dif ferent branches of manufactures, while in England, a few great manufactories not only supply the in habitants, but half Europe —The French menu, factures, generally speaking, are dealer, inferior, and : the quantity wrought infinitely less ; but, at the same time, the number of families ;who live independent and comfortably upon the produce of those arts are infinitely more numerous then in England. In this last, the rich possess every thing. They occupy the lowest and must humble walks of industry, the en. trance to which is defended by a sense of pride, er roneous and unphilosaphical, perhaps, in every country where a predominant love of gain has not stifled every other principle. There are dairymen &beat London, who possess !Mall, tbeusands a. year. 4 distinguished Member of the House of Peers sells brooms in the streets. 2.. Our friend, of course, is not to be understood litetelly. Lord. Er sk'ne employs basket-boys to cry out and vend "the' native heather of his hills." , , - i I " * * * * * * In tholouse I reckoned no lest'. . than 12 breweries, where the number of the inha - -hitatits is not great, and where beer is very little . ' i osed. In London, where it is the common drink, . *nd where the population is more then 40 times that _ .sraterit, there are no more than five or six ; so that . this suet of production, which is'so little used, con ,. tributes, in France, to give the means of a comfort. able and independent livelihood in a centuple degree to what it does in England. . "This blighting monopoly, so productive of misery in the other arts has latte'rly extended its banefel effects to agriculture. In England, at the 'rues (lay, a farmer hardly ever occupies less than k# hunched acres, many of them possess much more less than this, however, the great proprietors will sot set. This system, first recommended by Dr. Young, has, nu deulit, greatly incressyd thrtetenues of the i ! l . THE STATESMAN; landlords, but, at the same time, it has universally , reduced ,the small tenantry to poverty, and broken down the yeomanry of the country into the mass of common labourers. In France, day labourers, whot i have no other means of support, are hardly to be found. The peasant at one time occupies and cul. tivetes the soil. The lands are divided into small portions, arid the time which he can spare from his own spot he gives to his landlord, or to a more ex tensive possessor. The peasant is often himself the proprietor of a few acres ; this is almost universally the case in the heart of the Pyrenees, and the bordering country, which extends from Bayonne to Perpignan, end which, for its fertility and beauty may be called the Lombardy of France.-- The whole of this fine country is very thickly inha bited, and, in no part of the world of the same ex. tent, are there so many proprietors. In fact, you would think that the population were formed of no other description of people, and poverty is hardly -known amongst them. At St. Seuveur, whilst get. ting my shoes cleaned in the street, I asked a boy obo was lookmg on, and whose appearance did not much differ from the Decrotteur (obsorre, however, that the French artist is very different from the same personage with us) why he had not his basket, he answered, with some appearance of wounded pride. that he was hot a shoe-boy. How then do you earn your bread ; you are a proprietor I suppose ? ' Oui, Monsieur, je suisproprieteum,' was his reply. My father has eight purnees, or abort, six acres; him. self end my brothers cultivate them, and when I am strong enough to work I will assist them.' I will give you another anecdote, which is not, perhapti altogether nut of place. When leaving St. Seuveur, whither I had gone in company with some others, one of the party who had won a Napoleon was de• termined to give it to the poor, the intended diatribe. Lion was made known the evening before our depart ' lure, but no more than two persons presented them• selves at ten o'clock the nest morning, an old wo. man and a paralytic man, both incapable of earning their bread. We were not a little surprised, but, on enquiry, we found that there were ne other poor in the town, yet St. Saovear contains, I should think, 1 from five to six hundred inhabitants, and during, the season for the waters is crowded with strangers. The benevolent work of Henry IV. has been more thee accomplished, at least in this part of the country, for there is hardly a peasant who is not only able to have his pullet in the pot on Sundae, but on every day of the week if he pleases. But, it is said, that the minute division of land nbst reefs the cultivation, the face of the country is sufficient to show the fallacy of the ob-1 servation. There is no part of France more floarish. IN; or in a higher state of improvement. Even the most barren parts of the mountains were accessible to beaten labour, or at ell capable of making a return, have been rendered productive. So much for en objectors Invented by the'rich to give colour to a sys te- precaant with calamity to the poor. But even the large proprietor, for there are happily no great proprietors here, finds his advantage in the diffusion Of llielley to seliell this riftlll6li.eireis titer' likallsees. ere like so mary debentures, productive whilst in ids pos'essinn, and capable, whenever he pleases, of being converted into cash, at their full value. 16 is only necessary to have it mentioned in his neigh. hourhond, that he has three, four, or more acres to dispose of, and in a few days he is surrounded with competitors for the purchase. In consequence of this order of things, and the taus of succession, which are calculated to ertieud and maintain it, every one has something. The artisan or little trader sel dom depends exclusively upon his profession for a livelihood, and even the servant girls are commonly 'llble to tring in marriage from eight, ten, or fifteen hundred francs es a dowry. What a different pic ture does the rural population of England exhibit. — There, not only agriculture, but the arts, the manu factures, the professions, all ere engrossed by the rich, so that the great mass of the People, through all its classes, have been reduced to a state in which they find it difficult to exist, and are in fact, et this I moment, placed beneath the ordinary' condition of *laves, Ishich in effect they are, and of the worst kind, although they do not bear the name. If to the wretched price of labour, and this general limi. Minn of the ordinary means of subsistence, you take into consideration the consequences of age, debility, sickness, the additional encumherance of children, circumstances, by-the-by. under which the African finds an alleviation from his master, which the Eng lishman does not, cars you be surprised that the fourth or fifth part of the population of England are obliged to have recourse to public alms for relief, and that the Poor Rates amount to more t twelve millions a year. In France there are no Poor Laws, and yet there is very little mendicity ; woke those laws which seem rather framed to aparellte feelings 'of the rich, than to relieve the poor, suspended in 'England, the view would be shocked with the ap. pearance of a People, in which every fourth man would be a beggar. Here the human animal is not broken down by excessive and uninterrupted labour; his utmost exertions are not extorted; his labour is neither burdensome nor forced, and whilst engaged at his work he appears more cheerful than the sitter. nine Englishman in the midst of his most exhilirating amusements. The French have their fetes, their hours, and their days of recreation. The English have abolished their festivals ; with them the god `Mammon challenges an exclusive worship, and the *evil Avarice, for ever crying out 6 work ! work !' ,hardly allows hit wretched slaves a moment of re. ose of body or mind. They have Abolished the `Willits ip"order to increase their gains; and now, Weider to live, theY are often obliged to add the libtiiiih . to their ether dais of labour. "Mc% le the realitate of England, at a moment wiesi t 'illie dictates to the nations of Europe, and' WhttiVt i beiwbrid Is filled with astonishment and env* seib4 l fePetation of her great prosperity and power.= Bet bow can a country be calleffgreat andProspernus . where are people are in want and starving ? That ' France, as a nation, is richer—that she is Infinitely happier cannot admit a question—and "thew fit -to ' Chartafifitsd !neither', how great is the diffeience ? s ,.. :r ring for this difference, whilst, on one side, i ' hirrtinuch is doe to the superior liberality of 411 ' feilljust, on the other, make great allow inceltse the song continuance of a debasing end bro.. (taliziog system ; hut, however, vie may divide' the e reficlehcy of those two causes, the fact is, that the French of the present dry arts ) in every thing Oaf- lit a i we' Vai an( respects civilization and the qualities of social life, as'tnach superior to the English as one nation can be to another. I was going to say, and, perhaps. it would not he going lon far, as the English themselves are to the Hottentots." Whatever opinion may be formed by our reader as to this statement-whether some may consider it high coloured or prejudiced, there are' others, we know, who will peruse it with attention. It is evi dently the work of a man well •killed in the affairs of both countries. and who looks at the prospects of England and France with the eye of a Politician and Philosopher. That he is too partial to the French character, we believe; bat that he over states the condition of the Labouring Poor of England, after what is universalty known and stated by Legislative Authority, it would, we think, be ridiculous to pre tend. LAW INTELLIGEATE. ADMI tee. 1. IN THE CA' .A J EANNE. This was a clait ip end cargo, the particulars of I stated by Dr. ADAMS, on behal The vessel be- longed to Dunkir tt into Falmouth by the Hind rev been found et see, floating, wit rds, and two or three casks of IN r cargo, washed out of her. By severe exertion, the cutter's crew, ler men, amount. ing in mil to 131 in righting her, and broight her into Falmouth on the 13th of last February. The valise of the cargo, which consisted of wine and brandy, was 30001 and the expences already incurred. entotritell to 4281., which sum was, of COUIRP, to be deducted from the net amount to be allotted for salvage. One cask or barrel of brandy was afterwards foetid in a barn near the coast, cod another was also discovered on shore: Dr. Aftxor.o, for the owners, a3mitted that this was a case of " derelict," but one that did not come before the Court under very special circumstances; and in this view of the case, he thought an allowance of one-third would be ample. The Learned Counsel for the salvors entreated the Court to remember, that the boll and property were picked op in the tern pestoons month of February, and at a distance of 24 miles off the Lizard Point : these circumstances, added to the eery laborious efforts of the salvors, entitled them, he contended, to more than a moiety of the value; and when the neavy eepencts incurred were taken into consideration, and the great number sarong whom salvage was to be distributed, it was evident that even such an allotment would be, in fact, less than a moiety. Dr. ADAM lt ob.erved, that between the opposite Counsel and himself there was no diference es to facts ; the only question at issue bet ween them was the amount of remuneretien to be made to the sal vors. He must at once declare his conviction, that Abtfratioled etssr shittier abd-obito.fauca was by ow media to An adequate allowance. The vessel was Ethan dotted on the flth, and not discovered until the 13th of February ; at that time she was riding with her keel upwards, and a pert of her cargo floated out ; she had, therefore, been at sea four days in this deg- Mote' condition : Red, no doubt, in twelve hours more the whole of her cargo would have been dis. persed on the sea. The salvage effected by his party was, therefore, proportionably great. It ought also to be remembered, that among the salvors were a King's officer,(laieot. Little, commander of the llind, and his crew of 40 men,) besides the others employed, viz. 90 additional bands, for the purpose of raising her, and towing her into port, which was not achieved but with We/edible labour. On the whole, he should coucinde with observing, that the Court would not exceed the ardent rote of its practice, if it even de creed 141v9rs a moiety. Dr. ARNOLD felt that this was a case visibly dis. tinguished fr. in wets of the highest merits, in which the Court hat' rewarded salvors for the absolute risk of their live*, as well ao for their exertions. With its permission, he would refer to two or three cases In point. In that of the Trictrac', a Portuguese slap (adjudged in 1803), that had been run foul uf br %al other vessel, and abandoned by her crew, end, .44 days afterwards, was fallen in with by two of oar frigates, whom it occupied four days to bring her in; the valor of the cargo was about 16,0001., and the Court held that a third was a sufficient salvage. The Two Brothers, Fortson, 1808. was found at see, driving before the wind towards the enems's coast (Jutland); the salvors were eight men and two boys; the Court gave 7001., w hi c h . was only one-fourth.— _ _ lln the case of the Francis, Passnore, 1809, where the Woe was 20001. the Court allowed salvors only 6001., which was less than a third. The Eglantine, in February, 181.2, was found at sea. derelict, by the Cumberland West Indiaman ; the Court did not conaider that there was any danger to the salvors arising from the weather at that time; but that great merit was doe to' them for. embarking in • vessel, to bring her into port, that was in so unprotected a state : the salvors were employed 29 days in working her to a port: the value of the property on board was 9,5001. ; the Court decreed only a third, how ever. Dr. ADAMS replied, that the peril in any of the eases just adduced was not equal to that incurred in the present instance. Sir WILLIAM SCOTT remarked, that, in adjudging all these cases, the Court did not feel itself strictly bound to adhere to the grant of a moiety in cases of " derelict." The Court had a right to advert to all the circumstances under which the salvage had been effected in giving thoseremuneraiions,and had thought •proper to abandon the ancient practice. The pre: sent case was one of " derelict" of an ettretn6 l nature, and of imminent peril. The vessel was found in en inverted state, her keel upwards, a portion of her cargo already watched not, and the remainder, on the point of following. She was fallen in 1,141'1 by a revenue-cutler, ender a complication of pesv+l oui circumstances, to the month of February, in slimy . stormy o i/tether, the sea running, very high, and off a coast of extreme peril, not merely from its natural difficulties,' bet from the inhospitable character of its itthabitaitte. It had appeared that one barrel of brandy *was fend in a barn ;•it ;night he matter of woollier that a greater part of the cargo had not travelled the same read. In every voist of view the peril wee mime, and the exertions of the salvors were at:isthmu s Even after the hull bad being laid up in dock for te. pairs, there was great !anger of ha falling to piace at and destroying the workmen employed on its repara. Lion. Every merit, therefore, was clearly due i• ;ha .aallors ; and under all the circumstattees before the Court, it did not feel disposed to diminish the remit. aeration anciently assigned in these ca-e% : he, th ere . fore, decreed a moiety of the property to the salvors, es it now stood, i. e. after doductiau of the 4281. expellees from the false of that prcperty ; for as to the other expenses, the parties had not given their appearances as soon at they might have done, an d their amount had become considerable. As to the cask, of course salvage would follow in the same proportion. Costa- on all sides to be deducted f rom moiety. .• POLICE. MARLBOROUGH STREET.—The inhabitants of Pict cadilly, resolved to prevent in route the intolerable nuisance occasioned by the stage-coaches WOK fee passengers at the Waite Horse Cellar and the GIOSi cester Coffee-house, have applied to the parish offirera of St. James's fcrrassistanc.. The proprietors of one of the Richmond stages, and also of the Wimblednn stage-coach, were summuned before the Magistrates, and appeared thereto yesterday. The complaint al. leged was, that these catches had severally remain+ ed on the road in Piccadilly a longer time that► was necessary to unload the Itqlsge, fitc.; and that a scene of tint had been thereby ocwionell among the barkers. The Megistrates convicted eack of the par. ties in the penalty of 40s. and costs. 13ow•STREET.—Yesterday two girls, named Field, one 16 and the other 13 years asp, daughters o f si man in , respectable circumstances, in Duke.street, Adelphi l %ere charged with robbing their father of wearing apparel. ft appeared that these unhappy girls were the daughters of Mr. Field by a forme, wife, who died in January last, and about sus weds ago he had married another. The eldest left het father's house the evening of her mother's loners!, and went to live with her suet, from whom she eloped; and became a prostitute. The yoongest sister went too another aunt, from whoe.she went away also, and turned to the same muse of life. She was ' e ke d back, in consequence of a letter she wrote lier father, when she robbed his house, and lied to the house of} infamy where her sister was, in Swan-yard. The younger sister was remanded, and the elder ordered to be provided for by her father. lIATTON•GARDEN.—Aan Walker was brought up, charged on sespicion of stealing a 51. Bank-noter from her master, Emanuel [fortis, a Jew, residing at No. 18, Penningtoe.place, Pentonville. The charge could not be made out and the Prisoner was discharged; when her mistress preferred a fresh charge, which was, that when the Prisoner was starched, • pen-knife of her master's, and a smell *trip of calico, 'slam six-pence, were f..nd in her pocket. On this cherge she as committed fog trial. On Towle) , night, about nine o'clock, the family of M. ((pates, in Hampstead, were thrown into the greatest alarm, throcigh the absence of Mi.s Kenos, and her servant. The whole house was searched to no puirpose, and enquiry was levitated in tine neigh. bourhood, which proved equally frultlemx it 'filth one of the servant men, in passing thremtirth. gar. den, thought he heard a feint cry lasaing from the: . privy, situated at the end of the gardeo, s coasidet.. able.dittance -from the howse, • h a p, tened to the door, and enquired if there was any one there ?' Ile was answered by the maid—" For G , .(l's 'IAN let us out." It appeared that some- Tillaina had tied a rope to the handle of the door outside, made it fast, awl so left them, where they were obliged to remain between three and four Mis s Keates was nearly perished to death from the cold. The maid servant's sides and arms were quit* black, by her efforts to force open the door. Mist Keates is extremely ill, in consequence of it. The perpetrators of the - unfeeling deed are known. A pardon bat been received from the Regent for Wm. Colcomb an Wog. Robsox, condemned to death at the last Romney Marsh Sessions, for sheep stealing, on condition of their being traesported for life; end they hare been removed to the' Retribution hulk, at Sheerness, till their sentencps are carried into execution. • Tomlay eweniog two boys stole a gold seal nut of the shop window of Mr. Mierh jeaeller, •in the Strand. They were disturbed by a Gentleman pass ing by, when they ran off. The robbery teas effeit ed hy "breaking the corner of a square of plate glass, notwithstanding the whole window is well lighted with gcs. An elopement which hes occasioned considerable . chagrin to the near relatives of the parties, took -place near Carmarthen, shoot nine o'clock on Thwee.. day evesing,while the mother of the young Lady was entertaining a party of friends. This circumstance was not discovered till two howl after it had occorred, when the mother, accompanied by a Gentleman, a' friend of the family, set off its pursuit of the fugitives ;, but mistook their route.. SUlClDE.—Suitclay a young man, named. Edward Bell, who resided in Paternoster-row, opposite the watch-house, pet aw etsd to•bis existence, by laangitig himself. Ue bad been dead 'MO time when he watt discovered. • The honest of 'Mr. James Mason, at Stepney, woe broke into on Monday night, mud robbed *fa great quantity of wearing apparel. Fits.—lt should be known, that these' are often .supposed to proceed from disorders of the stomach, or the nerves, when in fact they are occasioned by an excess of the glutinous part of the blood, whirl, gradually obstrecta the finer passages io the head. — In this'ease a &nail perpetual blister at the bark.of thapeck i as near es may be to the head, is a sure remedy, and the only one. There eras Lately taken up, in a field on the estate of Sir It.. Lurie, Bari. of .Manwettow, a common turnip, which measured loneitudinalty three feet five Welles, and in drconsfereocit thtee feet one inch, and weighed no lese4han 34 pounds. This extraordinary turnip was the produte of e, seed (bopped Ly occi dent in a field of rota loge, and *ben purled hod probably not attained ire full growth. •i. / LONDON I .IPrilmed ur4 Plibilphed Ayl9. - Lov ~ ,4e SI ATIOn Oevics, No. 4,Vialilittry-tcvn. • IRALTY COURT, DE OE OF SHIP LA im for of shit. whi briefly alf ofwite irk, rtisilinught Tittle Osit4 having ith here "upWrirt 'randy !of her dint dint I r, assist y9O ntht I bands, socreeded i n • , ~~ k 7 I 1