The Statesman. — London, England, 1809-08-15 00:00:00

INN STATESMAN. Ist Light DragenaCK ing's German Pomo, severely; Citart Teen, Mewl/. Royal Eogiaeers --Lieet lai Sta t zt i , Koval Brit. Artillery_-- -Colonel Ftamtningham, slightly; Captains Tay Or and Baynes, ditto. Ravel Star Corps—•Lapt. Todd, slightly; Lieut. Sham:ham, ditto. lit Batt. Coldstream attants—Liestt.-Col. Stihbert, and Sir William Sh. , ridan, severely, bat not dangrroady ; Cap tains Millman and Christie, ditto ; Captains Collier and Wood, lightly; Capt. Jenkintoo, severely ; Easlgn San dilards, ditto bat not Illtagentody. Ist Batt. 3d Giartl4--Liesit.-Col. fiords, slightly ; Major Fotheringham, ditto; Capt. Geils, dime ; Ensigns Atche son Towels, sod Stott. ditto. Ist 1301. 3d reel, or Bell.—Lieut.-Col. Mater, severely-, since dead. Major Drummond, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, slightly. Id Ball. 7th Foot ...-t.leatennats Kerwan and Muter, severely ; Adlutant Page, slightly. 2d Batt. 34th (rod—Lteuteannt-Colesarl Drummond, severs- F; Major Popham. ditto; Captain ditto; Captain VIIIM. ditto, snore dead ; Lieutenant Vartly, slightly ; Ensigns Moil, Stein. and Johnson, severely. SI Batt. 411h Foot...Ensign Jes.amin, severely; Adjutant Tope, slightly. 49th root--Captain nanntlett, severely; Stains, Leslie, &minor, ditto; Lieutenant Nicholsori f slightly ; Captain newhall. ditto. 34 Batt. 310 root---Captain Nicholls, slightly t !Antra - int thr.liestam, -lightly ; Lieutenant A. lieuntisb. severely. Ist RAIL Qin Foot—Captain Colwilloun. slightly. Its Batt. I:ith Fuot--Mujor Go)°, slightly; Lieutenant Cole, ditto. bt Battalion fifth Font —Lierlnannt-Colonel 11.mellni. se serriv ; Brevet-Major \lentos. %lightly ; Capt.oos %Valid and French. ditto; Lieutenants Drought. Page, and Cites lye, severely ; Lieutenants Giles and Cutlibcrums, slightly; EasWs VaiMerovesslen, severely. Id Hatt. 41ttli Font—Lieutenant Johnson, slightly; Ensign Kenny, -evereir. 2d Batt. 91 Fo , it—Major Eingscote, ; C aptain 5. 1 1 ;:tah root—Captain Garlif, B. 'Major, slightly ; Caftan Andrew, ditto ; Lieutenants Zolke, Ritter, and Mitchell, severely; F.n lgu Altesetein, Kt Ratt. 614 Foot—Captains Femme, Laing, (landsman, ast Hanley, slightly; Lieutenants Nl` Lean and Teneh, ditto; Lieutenant Culliw. severely; Lieutenant Gwan, slightls t Ensign Braekenhurg, ditto; Adjutant l)rese, severely. Si Balt. drills root—Captain Kelly, slightly 6 Captain Stu art, severely Captain Adam-, Brevet I.ieuteuynt-Colo gel, ditto; I.ieutenatits Morris;, Dudgeon, Dumbly. nod Steel, severely Lieutenant S'oenbritler. slightly ; In-o -melet Morgan. severely ; Ensign Cutter, ditto; Lmign Dl trar • hy, slightly. SI Batt. hid Foot—Captain Summerfield, slightly ; Captain Reynolds, leg amputated ; Lieutenant ; lieutenants Baldnin man Johnson, sli g htly ; Unite ion( .bell. severely ; Lieutenant Psoe, slig: 111 ‘ Emig* , Boggle and Uarey, severcl ; Lteigil Letoll.4, *lightly ; Adjutant Brabant, ditto. Batt. Nan Coot---Major Gou g h,,eseeely; Li eu t. m iters , slightly; Ensign Pepper, ditto. Seth Font---Capt. Brns.n, seve,ely ; Lieut. IVhittle, ditto; Ensign Wkitelaw. ditto. Itt Batt. Detachnsents--Major Ross, 18th Reg. severely; Cap . . IliPherseo, 3.5 th, ditto, ditto; Capt. Bradley, Alt Ail .; slightly ; Capt. Ch;uweller, Skit ditto, ditto • Lie u /. Gi.bert, lath ditto,•severely ; Lieut. Ni`itetS, Lit ditto, ditto; Lieut. Fullerton, 38th ditto, slightly . ; LieisL Man. ate 4*l ditto, ditto; Lieut. Brown, 434 ditto, ditto. Ist Halt. Line, King's Genius Legiine—Major Bodeker. se- Melt; Capt. Marshall, ditto; OTC Safe, slightly ; Capt. Petersderf, ditto; Liestentusts Gurheii, Senior, I,s -amt Holetv.erg. and Fred. Hodetsberg. severely, Lit-lite -111141 Safe, aid Settlings's, Sealer, *lightly ; Lair Alien, ditto. SI Line BAH. Csernimi Leginw--Licut.-Col. Braun', severely ; Major &Basil*, ylighily Capt. Bergman. se verely; Capt. Heldrith, slightly; Capt. Shasulio-A, se verely. Id Line BYtt. King's German Legion--Lientenants Renee man, Winkstern. Wessell, Week, lioNe, severels ; Lie sip Tine's, severely; Designs SebtaiJt, Billeb, Blumen bagen„ IllWele V. ittr•Ratt. Line Si 'it Owasso hegion--Capt. Ilarnelherg, severely; Capt. fieeßer, slightly ; [Avant-limits Limingru and Dor*, severely ; Lteigu Brantles, sligntly ; Ensign Kohler. severely. tl Batt. Kong's German Legion---Major Berger, sliglitly ; Wt . . Voice, ditto; Lieut. Vre.tag, severely; Ersign ditto. lad.Dritgoon---Captains Allen and Drake, wounded mid attain; Liet.t. %edema, ditto. Minh Foot—Captain Lei key, Brigade-Nl:Oar, missing. kstli fisot. 3d lii t. stoic. Reeve , . mitosog. Nth foot—Lieutemuu Shipley, ditto. Baum oftlis Numbers of kilted, theiverkd minks, of the army ander the committed of Lieutenant-General Ste Ar thur trelksiey, K. B. broadtail wit 4 the Prone* .tese4, ram mended ky Joarph 1 Aeapds te, M Me Wl* aid Ai* INid MAJ 7. 470 Jury. IBt►9. illed-7 ~finer.,4,erje+uw.l rank aaJ Gle. Wooded—it utkers, li trrjeatm, 1 dronnuser, 133 rank and tile. ai*K-3.L''ers, 1 serkant. 2 drummer., 232 rank and Me. 48th July, Iso9. Killed-27 oaken, 25 berjeants, 4 drummers, 613 rank and kle. V.'s •facers. 118 serjearts, 15 drummers, 5j rank mid tile. ilic.ing-6 officers, 14 ser;eants, 7 drummers, 418 rank and • Total. Grown! StalL4 Lieutenant-Coloneli, I 'Major, 7 Capiairn, la Lieutesusnis, 3 Cartier! or I:nsijtie, 1 Adjutant, '2s Serjetwts, 1 °warners, 7'35 Rank and I Ile. 4timer.il Stair, 10 Lieutenant-Colisisel%, 12. Ma .Pri• z .ll Csty'ain!, 71 Lieutenants, :11 Cornet, or Hangar', 6 Adjutant!, its Merkantil, lfi Drummers, 3537 it ask aml File. Mk ---b Captain., Lieuternuits, 1 Corm. Emign, li nerjeants„ 9 1/ruuliners, tkAt Hank and File. Total--5367. Rrturn of liortir Xitisl, rfroanded. and Missing, fa the 2ith of .lotip 1609. 11,11 Light Dragoons-9 miss*. rid 11 . 1!10- - 3 w coded. let Ditto, kiag s German Le4iou-7 kilted-6 wounded. Tietal.—lri killed —0 wou.ideil—'3 missing. Return of 110.... s Wouorl.d. and Massing, on the 5.11 th .f Jab,. 1609. 3.1 Dragoon Guard!—'l killed--4 wounded-i 3 ii .. 4th Ditto-9101rd —I wounded.. 11th Light Oragnine.---`2l killed —3 wounded-1.1 tairsing. frith dittn-11 killed-1 %sounded-2 11115.104. 93i1 ditts-70 wounded-1 nil • siug. Ist dont, King's tiernian Legion-31 killed—`27 wounded WI% al Artillery-40 killed. Total. —lO5 wounded-157 sui.4ine. Return of Ule Horses Killed, if - otlnde 1, and .11naing, on the Itith sari ISM Jody, 1140`.t. YTtlt July, 16 killed-9 wounded tuie•ing. I*ol July, 195 lulled-65 wounded-1.57 sui,iny. Gestral utal, 211 killed— i 4 ‘i °weird —1 J 9 so i.--ing. Linrart of a Lester Mon Lieutenant-General the Right Ifo- soulAhle Sir Arthur Wellesley, K. B. to Lord V.count Gamiest.%lt, dated 'falavent, Aug. 1, 1809. Since I had the bower of addressinp, you on the 29th of July, the enemy have continued to keep a rear guard of about ten thousand uses' on the heights on the left of the Alherche. The extreme fatigue of the tro.ips, the want of provisions, and the 'umbers of %founded to be taken care of, have pretested Inc from musing from my position. Brigadier-General Craufard arrircil lilt his brigade on the2gth is the m o rning, her marched twelve Spanish leagues in little more than to cotty iqur hours. Extract of Vetter fres Lieutenant... Genera le l Sir Arthur Wel ey Vises's* Gameletasigh, doted Totaiera, Ist Annan, 1 When 1 addressed you this morning ; I had not received the report from the outposts. it appears that the enemy withdrew the rearguard, which was posted on the height, en the I.:ft of the Al. berche last eight at cite,* o'clock, and the whole army marched toward, !tat Olalta ; I conclude with an intention of Aoki% op a position Ms the ncollbosiSood of Goodson& , Arrival. Nubs. Dee 2 Dublin .. 0 3 U Conlceberg; .... .2.' 1 l b • i1241111 /. • •...i 1 1 . PRICE OF STficKn 1016 ITiIY A'[' aIMAJICK. 3 pereent.Cnk 67; 8 es. div. 0ninium...*.....11 prem. .3 per Cent. Red. WI Limz. Atta.....114 13-16 {per Cent Mte Exch. Bills M. 146. prem. Nary .98 } 1 India Boridt4, 115.225. prem. Congo!. fur Acr SRI Lottery Ticket., ?IL 11.. THE STATESMAN. puiipo•lTl TLNAZ. LONDON: TUESWAY, AUGUST 15. F n ITTLF or TALAVERA has afforded* fresh instance, !het whatever be the superiority of French tactics and impetuosity user the Continen tal armies of Europe, there is one nation to which even the Vetcronv of France, must however painful to their vanity, concede the vial of su periority—that 'MITA IN is Mid Nation, it were. almost superfluous to add. The numerous population over which ISfarot.eux holds despotic gway, and whose efficient strength he draws forth by the iron measure of conscription, with as little ceremony, or difficulty, as he would select the Oaks of the forest for his navy—has enabled the French armies in. variably to attack with a force so numerically powerful, as in most cases to insure success.-01 the numbers actually engaged on both sides at this memorable battle, we have nut any accurate ac.', count—but frum all that can be collected, the French achy, headed by King June's, the Duke of 13m.: uso'Olarslial Victor), Marshal Jove. DA - General Sxsasttatst, exceeded consider. ably .10,000 men—long.tried soldiers, who had served so the campaigns of Germany and I'uland. 'ft • Briti , h army, against which the efforts of 0 Fiettrh were exclusively directed, did uut greatly exceed twenty thousand--the Spaniards, under Cuesra, were present—and some few battalions were engaged—but by far the most considerable portion were so placed as not to have fired a shut ;—the service however which they rendered was. perhaps, not less important than if they had been actively engaged—fur they protected the right flank of thu British army, which, but for the position maintained by the Spaniards, had inevitably been turned by the French--whore; so. periorty of numbers would unquestionably have enabled them to perform that manieuvre. Capt. Lord Ft rzaoy SOKROSLT ..as the bearer of the dispatches (ruin Sir ARTHUR WELLESLEY, by which the intelligence of this important battle was received. lie arrived in town in the forenoots, of yesterday, amid the news very soon spread, like wild.fire, throughout the metropolis—but as all the Ministers %tete out of town, it was two o'clock before the Park and Tower guns were fired—and near five before the Louo MAYOR received the following official communication on the subject : " Downing-street, 11th August, 1809. MT Loan,---I Live the boaour to informs your Lord s:iip, that the enemy having assembled on the Alberche all his forces in that part of Spain, cousisiing of the corps of V 'ATOM, of SBBA VELA NI, and of 7 or WOO troops from Ntadrid, the whole ander the personal command of J osarat BON PARTS, assisted by Marshals JOURDAN and VICTOR, and General SEBASTIAN!, attacked the combined armies posted at Talavera, tat the 21th and 48th ultimo. The efforts of the enemy were chiefly directed against the British troops, and 1 have the satisfaction to acquaint sour Lordship, that on both days he was defeated with the most di:tinguisbed gallantry. and compelled to retire over the Albercbe, with the Ins. of not less than 10,04 J men, pieces of cannon, and ',ta:Klards. A victory so glorious to his Majesty's artns, has not been purchased without a severe loss on oar part. We have to lament the loss of Major-General MACKIISZ It. Brtgadier-General LA NGWORTY, and many other gallant Officers who have fallen on this occasion. The total lomat Isiah days is ►tated to be is kilka, 1101; wounded, 9913; missing, The French Generals Larissa and Moat..? are kilted; Generals SaassetAUJ and 1301.11.11 T warded. " I have the humour to be, &c. &c. " CASTL LAG/I." The Right lion. the Lord Mayor. This morning a Gazette Extraordinary was published, contawing tne dispatches of Sir Am TAM& Wit:LLtsczy, unuutely deuiling the uperatiuus of botk arui ies. TALAVERA DE LA REYNA, where the battle was fought, is in New Castile, in the Province of To ledu—and stands ou the North side of the Tagus, a little below the junction of the river Alberch with that river. It will be rowenibered, that the last dispatch of Sir A. WatausLay (which ap.. pearcrl iu the Gazette of Saturday) was dated the 24th July. la that he states, that " the enemy 4 . had retired at about one is the morning to Santa " Olalla, and Cheat* towards Torrijos, I con. " elude to form a junction with the corps under " Gen. SzaarriAnt. la that cosselsuion be was correct, and the ene my, between the 21th and 26th had effected a .‘l . llnCtitall ' 6 of ell his forces in that part of " Spain." The advanced guard of General CUISTA, who had followed the enemy, was at tached on the 2Gth ; and in consequence of the junction of the eilein)'s forces, was directed to fall back, and he " consented" to take up a position in conjunction with the British Army near to Talaver.a, there to wait the at. tack, which. it 7as obvious, the enemy meditated. Sir ROBERT WILSON KU stationed, with his corps, at ESC4IOIII4 It/hick Is considivably higher up the Alberti* in a direct line between Talavera and Madrid, and consequently had us share in the battle. The corps of VA NEirt As was also at a distance. At two o'clock, in the morn ing of the 27th, the French began the attack, and the British advanced corps retreated, oln good order, upon the main body, " bad with tome loss." It was not until the dusk of the evening that the principal attack was made, whin the ene my's cavalry attempted to penetrate the Spanish infantry on the right, in which he was repulsed. —Daring the sight, the enemy gained possession of a height, from which he was driven by Major_ General HILL. The attack was repeated in the night, and the enemy again repulsed, and repeated in the morning, when be was finally driven back by Major-General HILL's division. Our loss at that point was considerable. At noon on the 28th, a general attack was made upon our army, which commenced by an attempt to gaits the same height that had been so repeatedly contested—but a charge of the British cavalry " prevented Me execution of that part of the enemy's.plan."—The attack of the enemy was then extended to our whole line ; but being finally rvpulsed, he com mencecl his retreat across the Alberclic'., which " vas conducted in the must regular order ) and " r,as effected during the night." The result of this battle, so glorious to the mi. litary character of Eii4land, is '2O pieces of can. non, ammunition, tumbrils, and some prisoners. The loss of the enemy is computed, iu killed and wounded, at 10,000 men. Amongst the killed are Generals I.4eisse and MOKLOT ; and amongst the wounded Generals Sem ‘srlit,ll and BOULET. It is with the must painful sensations that we are now obliged to record the great amount of loss sustained by our brave army. The numbers of tile killed are 31 Commissioned, and 32 Non eomt..issioned Officers and Mummers, and 735 rank and file; wounded, 193 Commissioned, and 181 Nun-commissioned Officers and Drummers, Anil 3537 rank and file; miss:rig, nine Commis. sinned, and 21 Nun-commissioned Officers and drummers, a id G2O rank and file ; making a me lancholy diminution of more than 5000 electives of the British army. An action more sanguinary than this has rarely occurred, for if the British army did not exceed 22,000 men, every fifth man was killed ur wounded. The loss of the Spaniards is not emmerated. That the Fronk have, in the battle of Tale. rera, sustained* GUAT DEFLAT ) the loss of their cannoti t and their ultimate retreat renders incon. trovertible, let them say what they please in their own narrative. But it is at the same time clear, that the British army was in no corWition to fol low them. This victory reflects the most brilliant lustre on the British character, and so far as the moral effect of such an event extends, it cannot but he highly advantageous—but u to the expulsion of the French (ruin the Peninsula—the defeat of an army, yet in strength sufficient to make so vigorous and sanguinary au attack, io which every Nth man in our army was killed or wounded, affords but a very insecure hope of that cent. If the French armies, 11:1 T .2l' the adverse telt. cumstances that they are staccit to have lung been, have (ire(' to attack Me united armies of Great Britain and Spain, what will be their efforts-when reinforcements cross the Pyrenet ?—Our opinion respecting the issue of the contest, is nut al. tared in the slightest degree by this event, so glorious to the British arms—but by which nothing but glory will be obtained. The conduct of our army in this battle—as in Sat at Vimiera, Maids, and in every other action that has been fought, only Wink to shell what might have been effected in Spain by the concen. trated efforts of 100,000 British troops, had such a force been landed in the neighbourhood of the Pyrennees in the summer of 1808. If, instead of frittering away our strength in partial owe ditiuns—it bad been concentrated either in Spain or in Germany—some successful and grand result might have beets anticipated. If, instead of lingering at the Mouths of the Scheldt, that Bri. tish army were even now in Catalonia or in Bis cay, something might bate been done fur Spain, late as it is. But, had one hundred thousand British troops been in Spain in August last, there nould then have been something like a diversion in favour of Austria.-.. From the dissipation of: our force in various points, we are, in truth, for., mid4ble to NAIPOLZOX at no point. THE surrender of Flushing is again reported, but tio official advice has been received of that event. 'The reduction of this place is found to be more dijficult than was apprehended. l'us Doke of Bauxswrca Ott.' is arrived in London. ' ... .... 1 ..... SpANISIII Papers to the slat July, and Portu. guese to the Bth iustant, arriv e d this morn i ng ; they contain details of the battle-ord a report that the Spaniards souk: id.vi.o4s- had ranleired Madrid. Lord Gamma and Sir Jouro TROIKAS Dick. WORTH kayo struck their dais on Loard the age. doffs and Saus Joni; at Spittscad. '. • PAPEKS. • Virsns&, Jur.t Q9.— '%e understand that the Minister of State, C.uut Stadiou, has given in his resignetion. , Ills Majesty the Ernpetsyr of Ativria has re. paired from Buda In ate turf frog of Canipsin. in I order to accelerate the ettottesien of iht• lions for 'imam Count Dietrit 'mein is also It peeled at Schoenbratin. A Collitrilittiliti sr ti•.y millions of francs has been imposed on L ler Austria, which it seems absolutely impossible to rake. The Anslrian dominions are to pay two hoirolred millions, with the exception of the city of Trieste, on which a separato contribution has been inn !Hoed. Report states, that a Congress u ill be hold its • Predburgh, to settle the terms of peace. Auossuautt, JULY 27.—Very considerable movement% have lately taken place among the Freud' troops in oar neighbourhood. A force, amounting to at least 20,000 men, is advancing from this side against the Tyrol, while General Demi is marching in the same direction from Salt burgh with a very considerable corps ; and kt would seem that the attack of the Tyrol has al ready coniniencell, is a very heavy cannonade was yest..rday heard on the neighbouring heights ) awl in particular iu the Guggenberg. FRANKFORT ON TOL MAIN, JULY 29.—0 n the 27th instant, three Officers who were attached to the French Embassy in Persia, arrived here un their return from that country. They left Tehe reti the 13th Februar►. General Gardanne is also expected to return to France. NAPLE4, JULY 16.—A1l the intelligence we re. ceive from the civil and military authorities in Ca. lahria, wove,' that the corps of English troops, Bich made a descent near Scylla, was preredixl 19, a horde of banditti lauded from on board Eng. lisp ships. These wretches committed the most atrocinua robberies and murders, under the very eyes of the English, who look. mpon them with indifference. His Majesty has issued an order, bearing date the 11th instant, enacting that uu English flag of truce should be aduittte:l into the kingdom. HANOVER, AUGUST 2.—The following intelli. gene has been remitted here of the most recent movements of the corps of the .Duke of Bruns. wick Oe . " Monday, July 31, the Duke tittered Brans. wick at ten o'clock at isiorbt, with about 3000 men, consisting of .I.teck hussar ;, Uitlans , Wan. try, and artillety, after be had previously had an arta...• near lialintrittadt. Immediately *fir• b." entry, he ordered the gates to be 4 1 **.t 4 " strongly guarded. Thetast of his troops lay on their arms in the ratnparl, where the Duke also passed the night on A bundle of straw, wrapped op in his dusk. " Gen. Von. Nelving the , Goversior of Brans. wick, arrived here last Monday. , " A decisive action was every moment expected to take place between Brunswick awl Olvolf, Gen. it eu b e il haying assembled in the latter place about 400 U Westphalian troupt:• It is also said that troop.; are on thvir march from Cassel to pursue the Duke, and that thepare to be reinforced by a corps of Dutch tromps, wader the orders of Gen. Gelato'. All the bridges in Brunswick havelbeem broken down,' with the exception of the fine As. gustin. bridge." PCTIC% (between Brunswick' and Hanover), , Avo.kern this moment, that a severe ac. thin was fought this morning between the corps of the Duke of Brunswick' Oelt and that of General Reuben, the particelars of which have not trans. pirel. WARSAW, Jury el.—The ceremony of ho. mage and placing thp French Eagles was perform. ed at Lublin -on the Bth instant with great pomp. A magnificent throne was erected in the hall of the Council.house, on which was placed the par. trait of Ids Majesty the Emperor Napoleon. M. the President of the district of Goblin, made a speech to the Assembly, after which all the Authorities here took the oath of fidelity, in the presence of Gen. Hubdowski, the successor of es War Minister, and Commandant of both Galli.- cias. The Austrian Eagles were every where to.. ken down, slid the French pet op in their stead. On this occasion, the general shout was, " Long live the Emperor Napoleoe, our avenger and de.. liverer." Immediately after the entrance of the Polish troops into Cracow, Prince Ponlatowski put up the French Eagles there, and administered the • oath of fiillarlify to the public authorities there.—. lie published a Proclamation, to signify that he took possession of the city and district in the name of his Majesty the Emperor of the French and King of Italy. The Russian General in Chief,. Prince Galitzyn, has sent a Courier to St. Peters. burgh fur further orders. TURIEFT, Joni 30.—According to aetounts from Moldavia, the Russian army, in conjunc. Lion with the Scrvian insurgents, has made groat progress on the right bank of the Danube, and already taken possession of the greater part of Bulgaria. They find, as usual, great support from the Greeks. A decisive battle with the Turkish army is expected nett Adrianople. The Porte, according to its usual custom, has declare,' against Itthsi.i a war of religion ; the holy green standard of Mehemet has been raised at Coastantinople by the Mufti, and all true Mus. admen required to take up arms. But the fall of the active Mustapha ‘ Balmier, the suppression of the Seymens (soldiers exercised in the European manner), which Was effectod by tin: mutinous Jaw aissatirs, theenarchy which pressers throuLlsout all the province?, the mutual jealousies of Ilse Pa. char, and other evils under . which .the Turkish Empire IsiOon g groaned, threaten to Wog on it a great caul ru p he. • - The Stutter arid %Altos of the Bakers' Con.. pasty this c.ty waited on the Lord Mayor to settle, the price sil Uresd—whon his laariligsipoitier to: specting the Mcalweighers' Mince, extlikMilt advance Ide in the peek isof, t I 'I I I 1 I~ i . c r , ; I j