The Statesman. — London, England, 1823-05-28 00:00:00

4' ~' t r I . Mr, LITTLETON presented a petition fro:n Cie Ma nufacturers in the parish of Burelem, in fitelfordel.ire, praying for en equalization of the Dude.; on East and West India Suirle.—Laid on the table. Mr. LITTLETON presented another petition, from , Dudley and other towns in Staffordshire, against the Big repealing the Combination Acts, and raid that he would opium it on its second reading. . Mr. P. MOORE said that the Bill had been printed fire weeks, and in the hands of Members, thongh he did r-t ask the opinions of-any of them. He had, -however, collected a great deal of inbrmation on the subject from thoeer.t• concerned. Ile could find a million petition ing for his !till for the hundred who were against it. He bad every reliance on the principle of the Bill. He thought if the labouring classes were well paid, there would he no complaints of the etcessive pressare of poor rates. There were about five million mannfactureet, and if only a farthing a day were added to their wAges, that small addition would make 2,040,0001. a-year, which would diminish the poor . tetra by so much. He hoped' the Crouse would allow the Bill to go before a Committee sip stairs, after a second reading, which was fixed for Wednesday. Mr. STUART WORTLEY gave the Hcia. Member credit fpr the trouble he had taken with the Bill. He was convinced from his own experience, that those Combina tion Acts did no good. It would be always better to let the master and workmen settle those matters among themselves. He would, however, rather see the Honour able Member's Bill repeal those Acts simply than enact any new regulations.—lle wished after the Bill was con sidered in the Committee np stairs, it might be let lie over till next Session, in order that the manufacturers might have the opportunity of expressing their opinions on it. Lord STANLEY approved of the suggestion of letting the Sill lie over till next Session. • Mr. HUSKISSON concurred in the Lion that much praise was due to the Hon. Member for the trouble he had taken in preparing the Bill. He considered that the Hill rontained regulations so minute and impossible to be carried into execution, that instead of resorting to ferty.four Acts of Parliament, they could find in one all that could emits nd pnzzle them. He recommend iel the Hon. Member not to press his Bill this Session, but in the early part of the following Session to move f.r an appointment of a Committee on the subject. it was quite evident that under the pressure of public business at present, a Committee op stairs could have no effect. Mr. DUGDALE concurred in the postponement. The petition was then bet:sight up, an I after a few words from Mr. PETER MOORE, Mr. LITI'LETON, Mr. PHILIPS, and Mr. HUSKISSON, was laid on the table, and ordered to be printed. Mr. BROUGHAM said, with reference to a question he asked.a few days since relative to the houses in New street, Spring-gardens, be wished now to ask whether the Treasury had received an estimate of the propose., ex pencilrf 5,0001. to erect those buildings; and also the tl value° fi e land before the houses he erected. Mr SHINGTON said be would submit the Papers to-morrow (this day). Mr. BROUGHAM hoped the Honourable Gentleman would ascertain, at the same time, if there were soy offices belonging to the Vietuall:ng Board or to the Admiralty, unoccupied, which might have answered the p a rpose. Sir H. SHAW presented a petition from the Coroners of tho County of Dublin against the Irish Coroners' Bill. Mr. SPRING RICE said, that the objection to the law which he hail predicte I, was no: found to have been real ize I by the complaint of the petitioners. After a few words from Mr. R. MARTIN, Mr. HUTCH INSON, Sir JOHN NEWPORT?, Mr. 00IMBURN, and Mr. Dace, the petition was brought up and laid on the table. Mr. LINDSEY presented a petition from the Weavers of Cupar, against any alteration to the Linen Laws. Mr. R. COLBORNE presented a petition from Blythe against the continuance of slavery in the West I ndies.— Lsid on the table. Mr. BROWNLOW presented a petition of George . Ness, of Dublin, complaining of the conduct of the Guild of Merchants. He could not refuse to present the peti tion, thOugh be was averse to vouch for the truth of its al:egations. Alter some words in support, the petition was laid upon the table. Mr. HUME inquired from the Hon. Secretary for the Colonial Department, if Sir Thomas Maitland was to re turn from Corfu. sit.. WIL3IOT said, that arrangements were made to that effect. Mr. LENNARD, pursuant to notice, moved for lean to bring in a Bill to alter and amend the laws relating to the burial cf persons who have been adjudged jelo de se. As t' ere was not any opposition to his motion intended, he would sot occupy the time, but merely explain the nature of his Bill. 'i here were, by the law, three classes of persons excluded from Christian burial; those against whom felo de se was adjudged ; those dying without having received baptism -, and persons excommunicated. With the two latter lie would not interfere, and he proposed in the case of persons felo de se, to do away with the dig gusting forms of running a stake through the body, and the public exhibition of that custom. His view was, that the Coroner shoUld be instructed to order a private inter ment of the body by night.—Leave was granted to bring in the Bill. Mr. HUME rose to bring on his motion oo the pro priety of discontinaiwg the office of Lord Lieutenant in Ireland; but on the suggestion of Mr. Peel that the Se cretary for Irish affairs was not in the House, be consent ed, to postpone his motion. Mr. wiLmor hoped the House would allow him to take precedence of the Order of the MY on the Irish la qiiiry, to more for leave to bring in a Bill, all explanation on which, nith the leave of the House, he would defer till the second matting. Mr. A BERCRO al BY suggested that the House should either go on with the inquiry, or give it up altogether. If a courtsey were granted to one blember, nmuy others might expect the same. Mr. WILMOT then moved for leave to bring in a Bill for the better administration of justice in the colonies of New South Wales ; a nd for a similar 818 for the Colony of Honduras. —Leave granted. Mr. PEEL moved fur leave to bring in certain Bills relative to the Criminal Lases. On the discussion on these I a!vs, be declared that it was his intention to move for the repeal of the punishment of death in certain cases. In the course of his inquiries, since he discovered that there were two crimes which he was not then aware were liable to the charge of felony—that of stealing woollen cloths from tenter-hooks, and the cutting hop-tines. He had in-, chided both these in his Bills; sad proposed the altera tion for either to transportation. He then moved leave to bring in several Bills. LORD LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND. Mr. HUME postponed his motion respecting the pro priety of continuing the Lord Lieutenant and Court In Ireland, which stood for this day to the 17th of Juni.. SHERIFF OF bUBLIN- .. The House then resalved itself into a Committee, to in quire into the conduct of the Sheriff of Dublin.—Sir Kober' Heron in the Chair. Mr. Plunkett was then examined in his place by Mr. CALCRAFT. Is it the practice of the Law Officers of the Crown in Ireland, to give any orders to Magistrates with respect to committals ?—1 never understood that any such prac tice did exist. to the ease of Forbes did the Law Officers order Slrr, the Magistrate, to commit capitally f—Certainly not. An opi nion was expressed that the offence charged was a capital +'~r' `s THE_ STATESMAN, one, but no orders were given to commit. It is a judicial act on the part of the Magistrate, who mast act upon his own discretion, and rest upon his own responsibility. I should think it a great violation of the Magistrate's duty, if he relinquished his judgment to any other person, and I think it would be most improper to ask him to do so. Thee the Law Officers merely expressed an opinion upon the Law of the case ?—Merely so- Would the Attorney-General think a Magistrate acted improperly in cammitting upon evidence taken before the Law Officers of the Crown, end which lie Monett had not seen?-1 think he would act most irregular and indiscreetly in doing so. Did Major Slrr state any opinion against that expressed by the Law Officers of the Crown?—l never heard that he did, except whet fell from him at the bar of this House. I never heard that he dissented from the opinion given by the Law Officers. By Colonel BARRY—It appeared by Mr. Oreaves's evi dence that the depositions were taken in the absence of the Magistrate, I beg of the Right Honourable Gent, to explain that f—There certainly were several examinations taken after the witnesses had been sworn by the Magistrates, who then withdrew. It would seem that the Magistrates were desired to withdraw ?—I do not recollect that that appeared in evi dence. I beg pardon, it does not. But I wish to ask whether the examioations taken in the absence of the Magistrates were afterwards shown to them, before they made out the coin mkment?—From the evidence of Mr. Greyed, I gather that they were not ; but that is the first notice I had of It. Were the Magistrates advised to commit capitally In the cases of Forbes and others?—Thb only Magistrate that I communicated with was Major Simand I certainly told him, it was my opinion that the prisoners should be committed for a (*OM' offence—namely, a conspiracy to murder the Lard Lieetenant. I wish to add, that where examinations• were taken in the absence of the Magistrates, it was merely I in form the Law Officers of the Crown, and not with a view of laying. the foundation for a criminal charge. I am clearly of opinion that before the Magistrate committed a prisoner, he should have the examinations reduced to informations in the regular way, as he was entirely responsible for the steps whicb lie took. By Mr. JAMES D tLY—What then was the object of filling up the informations if they were only intended to in form the Law Officers of the Crown I—l cannot say why Major Sirr did so. The circumstance was not communi cated to me, for I think I had but one conversation with him upon the subject. By a MEMBER—Were the Magistrates ordered to with drew after they had sworn the witnesses /—I have no recol lection on the subject. I believe they were neither ordered to retire or to remain. By Mr. BRIGHT—Was the capital charge ever substan listed ?—Never. Was not George Graben committed first only for a mis demeanour I—He was. Was he afterwards committed for a conspiracy to murder the Lord Lieutenalitt—He was, by Mr. Gabbett. Had you any conversation wan Mr. Gabbett respecting this capital commitment ?—1 gather from his evidence that he understood the opinion of the Law Officers was to that effect. Did you, as one of those officers, give such an °pintos'/ I did, but not directly to Mr. Gabbett. Do you recollect what passed between you and Msjer Sirr on the occasion to which you allude ?—I think he came into the Secretary's room at the Castle, in which the Solici tor-General, Mr. Goulburo, and I were. This was os Sa turday evening, but the commitments were not made out till the Monday following. Did yon see Mr. Sirr more than once T—Mr. Goulburn seems to think I did, but I do not myself recollect having seen aim more than once. I wish to add, that the communi cation of our opinions, as to the law of the case, was made to Major Sirr, because be happened to be upon the spot, for helices in the Castle. Had Major SW applied to you for information upon the subject I—l hoard that the Magistrates generally bad, but I did not hear that Major Sirr had in particular. Was the information which they had gathered laid before Government?—lt was. Was the opinion of the Law Officers of the Crowo founded then upon that information, as well as what they had learned in the absence of the Magistrate?—Their opinion was founded upon a view of the whole cue. Did you signify to the Magistrates that von had infor mation, of which they were ignorant?—Not in express terms ; but Major Sirr was aware that examinations had been going on in his absence, and, besides, the deposi tions were in the hands of the Crown Solicitor, so that be might have access to them. Major Sirr ought to have had the examinations reduced to regular informa tions, as Mr. Gabbett bld done before be committed upon them. Was Forbes held to bail the night of the riot?—l do not know whether bail was asked ; 1 believe he was dis charged. Was he committed for conspiring to murder the Lord Lieutenant on the 231 of September ?—He was; that was his final commitment. Is the published copy of the trial authentic?—Yes. Can you state what witnesses were examined on the trial ?.;-1 cannot tax my memory.—(Hear.) Is the report acourate enough to be made use of ?—1 have no power to give it any authority. Were the prisoners tried on two informations ?—They were. In Ireland it is the practice to file ten informa tions for the same offence. although, in this country, the practice is different. By Mr. BENNE f—Do the Police Magistrates of Dab lin hold their situations at the pleasure of the Crown ? Some of them do. Major Sirr does not. Theo his is a patent place ?-.-By the Police Act, sours of the Magistrates are removeable at the pleasure of the Crown, but there are others who are appointed by the city, sod can only be removed by it. Of this latter number is Major Sirr. . By Colonel BARRY—Mr Gahbett says he was not shown all the informations, and that Übe bad seen them, be would not commit capitally ?—1 thought till this time, that they had been shown to him. By Sir JOHN NEWPORT—Were applications ever made by country Magistrates for advice how to proceed in difficult cases ?—Applications have been made to me, but I always refused to interfere. By Colonel BARRY—Did the Right Hon. Gentle,. man say that Forbes should be held to bail until he pre ferred an es officio information again* him ?—Forbes himself offered to give bail in 1,0001. ' By Mr. CALCRAFT—Was any additional informa tion offered between the preferring of the two charges against Forbes ?—There must have been, for he was ca pitally committed on the 231 of December, whereas the examinations closed on the 21st. rM. UOIJLBURN here explained that the tenure by which the Dublin Magistrates under the Police Act hid their situations, was cuamdiii se beise gesserint. By Mr. T. ELLIS.—Does the Attorney-General think he has a right to call upon any one to give bail to an in formation which lie had not filed ?—That was not my act, it was that of the Court. Forbes offered bail. Were any of them kept for two days after the Bills had been ignored by the Grand Jury?-1 cannot spe.k to that of my own knowledge. But does the Right Hon. Gent. think that he has a right to detain men under such circumstances?—That is a question of law, which I decline to answer.—(Hear.) The Right lion. Gentleman here sat down. Mr. CALCRAFT now wished to ask the Right Hon. Gentleman, who conducted this case, whether be had any more evidence to offer • for it was his intention to move the dissolution of the Committee. Col. BARRY said he certainly bad intended to exa mine another witness, who bad not rtt arrived; he, however, felt the inconvenience to which this inquiry put the House, and he could not shut his eyes against the distaste which was shown to continue it. He had, therefore, no objection. to rest the Sheriff's e Ise here, and to give over consuming the time of the Hulse, in a way which did not seem very vadsfactory to the ends of justice. He should nut therefore oppose the 'notion, for the Hon. Chairman discontinuing the painful situation which he bad held so long. Mr. DEN:IAN.—I cannot suffer tLis inquiry to close here, under an imputation that we are disposed to go on farther with it. It is no improper use of our time to be employed in such a way, for I know no duty of this House more sacred or important than watching over and protecting the admiListration of justice.—(Hear.) Let not the Right Hon. Gent. therefore say, that it is to spare the time of the House that he gives over ; but if be will stop here, let it be placed to the account of his hest discretion for the accused party, and not in the way of a compromise of an inconvenience. —(Hear.) Last night I beard with some surprise that the inquiry was come to a close, because one class of witnesses had con tradicted wharanother advanced; but that is the very time that the judicial power begins—when there is room to form a judgment from the collision of evidence. Let it be distinctly understood, then, that the case is closed, as it was intended to follow it up by proposing Resolutions. For I repeat, that we could not be better employed than in such an inquiry, although it should prolong the session another month.—(Hear, bear.) Mr. CALCRAFT then moved, " that the Chairman do leave the chair, and report the evidence to the House," which was agreed to. The House then resumed. The CHAIRMAN then left the Chair and reported ac cordingly. Mr. PEEL said he could not avoid taking the oppor tunity to express what he believed to be the sense of the House, his thanks to the Hon. Baronet for his able and impartial manner in which he discharged the duties of Chairman in the late inquiry. —(Hear.) Mr. WYNN moved that the minutes of the evidence be laid before the House. —Agreed to. It was likewise ordered that the witnesses should be discharged from further attendance. JOINT TENAN MY BILL (IRELAND.) Mr. DALY moved that the Joint Tensotcy Bill be re committed. _ _ Mr. R. MARTIN opposed the Bill, on the ground that it would have the effect of disfranchising Roman Catholics. He thought, at least, that the people of Ireland should be allowed time to express their opinions OD the propriety of the measure. Colonel TRENCH said be could not agree in the ob jeethses urged by the Hon. Member for Galway. The abuse which this Bill sought to remove was one of a moat unreasonable nature. In his opinion the Bill did not go far enough. Sir J. NEWPORT said he would most willingly give his supportttnny measure which would prevent that minute subillMon of lands which was the great curse of the p eepl . t of Ireliknd. The Wits of the prop!. led to this abuse. It was the custom there to divide the I land among the younger branches of the family to such an extent, that the land, so far from yielding rent to the landlord, did not afford food to those wh6 resided on it. l►ir. LUKE WHITE spoke, we believe, against the Bill. Mr. ELLIS supported the Bill. Mr. DALY explained the evils of the system of joint tenantcy in Ireland, and denied that it would have the effect of disfranchising the Roman Catholics Mr. C. HUTCHINSON said he .vas as much as any man an enemy to fictitious votes. But he considered this Bill as calculated to limit the elective franchise. He thought the present a very unfavourable time for deciding on this Bill. He wished that the Bill should be held over for further consideration. He warned his Hon. Friend who introduced this measure how lie tampered with the feelings of the people of Ireland at this juncture. Sir G. HILL agreed in approving the principle of the Bill, but was desirous of giving the Irish public an op. portunitv of considering it. Mr. GRATTAN said it was a great misconception to suppose that this Bill was intended to disfranchise No. ma n Catholics. . . . _ . • . . The House then divided—For the Bill, 54—Against it, 0. This occurred in consequence of Mr. R. MARTIN, the only opponent of the Bill, having, as we suppose, been appointed one of the tellers. On our re-admission to the gallery, we found the House in Committee, and Mr. Martin on his legs. proposing to the Hon. Member for Galway, to limit the &traits:to of the Bill to three years, which would be the termination of the present Parliament. It would be then seen if the Bill was caleuleted to do good or nnt. If it were calcu lated to do good, it could be revived, if not, it might be let fall to the ground. Mr. DALY said, he could not accede to the proposi tion. Mr. C. HUTCHINSON protested against the Bill, and if the Hon. Member should pen in it, while so many Irish Members were absent from London, he gave him notice that he would oppose it in every stage. After some farther consultat►on between Sir John New port, Mr. Daly, Mr. Msrtin, and Mr. C. Hutchinson, the Hon , e resumed, and the Chairman brought up the Re port, which was ordered to be further considered to-mor row. CHIEF BARON O'GRADY. Mr. S. RICE said, that as he understood it was not convenient that be should proceed to-sight with the mo tion of which he had given notice, relative to the Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, he would postpone it till to-morrow, and thee, perhaps, he could learn on that day when it would most snit public convenience to bring it forward. At the same time he wished to be understood ,s placing himself under the direction of the House, as to the propriety of bringing it on or postponing it as they pleased. The other Orders of the Day were then disposed of, and the House adjourned at half-past nine o'clock. COUNT ABISBAL. COUNT SIONTIJO TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE COUNT ABISBAL.. " In the name of our afflicted country, I have recourse to your Excellency. the only person who can save her, and en treat you to consider Spain, divided and dismembered br her own children, as in the same situation in which she was in MOS, raising the voice of common distress, and soliciting all her offspring for a deliverer. At that period, as at the present, the disorder of her Government debilitated her to such a degree, as to leave her without defence, and make it appear Chit it Was easy to conquer her. At that time, as now, the nation which is our neighbour offered to remedy the evils which were felt by all, took possession of our fortresses, and introduced its armies, with a view thereby to ensure the happiness which it tendered, and which was the greatest possib:e soy people can enjoy—Monarchy, a just and mode rate Government. At that time, as now the Spauiards, driven to despair by the calamities they suffered, opened their houses and their arms to the stranger, receiving him and car rying hint as it were in triumph through the northern pro vinces up the capitol. The latter resounded with shouts of joy at the entry of the French troops, and of the General who led them. Every evil was looked upon as trifling, and pre ferable to the continuation of disorder and despotism, inso much that people invoked the despotism of Buonsparte to get rid of that of 0 odoy. Even so now the public are clamorous for the absolute King, in order to free thernvelv•st from anarchy sr d from the despotism:of the many. Finally, Vim as now, two powers disputed the ascendant, because neither of them possessed this general good-will. The people in si lence and uisasayed,viewed with bitter smiles,and almost with complacently, the fall of their Government and even of their King ; forgetting the mischiefs they brought on themselves, and the dangers which they incurred. But all at once an undwintel voice called out at Aranjnez, " Long live Spain, down with the despot!" And sr soon as the latter had disappeared, all Spaniards i.nited. Li vision was at an end ; patriotism and valour wer e ed, and the conqueror of Europe in the end deplored h:s imprudence. It was at Aranjuez that Bonaparte lost his power, for without the 19th of March the Spaniards would have made no resistance. But now the French are once more near the capital. The general will can not be mistaken ; the injustice and perverseness of the exist ing Government are well known. Still we do not bear the shout which all are hoping for, of Spain for ever ! Independence forever!' The armed force, the warrior, of Spain, are into parties, outdoing each other in acts of injustice, because none of tt,ein is sanctioned by the general will. The soldier is loth to incur useless dangers; be deserts his ranks, and will ultimately aban don his Generals. who find it impossible to support any cause. Let, therefore, your Excellency come to a decision, and stretch forth your jiancl to save yourself and to save I us—that is, the country. Her welfare is the fi rs t l aw.-- Your Excellency knows, and has declared that the sove reignty of the people being once recognized, it becomes a duty to obey the general will', which amounts to this-- that the Constitution of 1812 ought not to be retained, because it does not guarantee individual safety, nor pre serve the dignity of the Spanish monarchy. Proclaim, therefore, what all desire, and act in concert with the o:her Generals who entertain the same sentiments. D r . dare yourself independent, %Intl the King shall be rr leased. Collect your army, and hasten to destroy the • origin of discord ; so that the factious, the royalists, and the foreigners, being deprived of every pretext, may bare r their designs frustrated, if they wish to rob us of the glc ry to deliver the King, and their plans totally defeated, if, under this pretext, they conceal some other wish. " Your Excellency ought to consider, that no party can be sustained without strength; and you may a.- ready have perceived, that the latter cannot be acquired without public confidence : to obtain which, it is neces sary to act in conformity with the general will. " Were I not well assured that your Excellency loves Spain and glory, I should not apply to you ttvavail youi self of the grandest opportunity which has ever occurred of becoming the deliverer not only of Spain, but of all Europe. It would be an insult to your penetration to dwell upon the melancholy consequences, and above all upon the uselessness of taking any other resolution ; far to attempt the defence of any cause with few forces, when more numerous forces are at hand, is to enfeeble the cause which we desire to uphold. To sum up the whole, I am certain that it is as impossible to establish despotism in Spain, as it is to sustain the Constitution of 1512 ' with this difference only, tificLat the expense of blood, and with numerous forces, the former might he kept up for swine time; but to put in practice the Con stitution of the year 1512 is physically and mor.clly im possible, and consequently it has failed in Spain and every where else t for it is contradictory in itself, and contains the principles of its own destruction; it could ' prevail no where, becanse it is out of the power of man to create beings with qualities essentially contra dictory. " Let your Excellency consider these truths which the love of his country has suggested to him, who prays God to preserve your Excellency many years. (Signed) " The CONDIL DLL BIONTIJO. ")Madrid, May 11, 1823." HIS EXCELLEVCY THE COUNT DEL ADISBAL TO COUNT MONTIJO. " Most Excellent Sir, —This day was delivered to me by the Chief of the Etat-Major the letter of your Excel lency, dated the 11th instant ; and in reply to it, it is my duty to observe to you, that as the chief of this district, and the commander of the army, it is incumbent on we to comply with the orders of the Government, at the head of i hi •h is his Majesty, and that I am resolved to pursue this line of conduct, though I am fully convinced I that, unfortunately for the nation, the Ministry which governs it is incapable of rescuing it ham the dangers to which it is reduced by tue unskilfulness of the pre ceding Ministers, and by the unpardonable imprudence of the last, who have provoked the present war without displaying the energy necessary for upholding the dig nity of the nation, or proposing those conciliatory means that might have united the minds of Spaniards, and have prevented foreigners from the daring attemet to it terfere in the private disputes of Spain, by violating the territory of the nation, without any previous declaration of war. _ _ . . " I have observed already, and I now repeat, that in the capacity of General, I moist now obey the orders of the Government, and not set the exampli of a pernicious dis obedience, which would authorise that of those Spaniards whom the law places under my orders, and would open a vast field to private ambition ; but, as a Spanish cititee, who may, without transgressing the laws, indulge his own thoughts respectilig the situation of the country, and the Evans which might be taken to rescue her from the ruin prepared for her by the discord, by fanaticism and by the interests of the individual heads of party, who; disguise their ambitious views with the sacred name of love for their country, and also of a nun.erous class of men who have nothing to lose, and who are inflamed with the love of plunder and distraction alone, which woold contribute to the prosperity of those pere.ms who can make a figure in society only when the barriers of subordination and respect to the laws are removed ; l am of opinion, that the majority of the nation is not solicit ous to continue the Constitution of the year 18s2, though itis not for me to investigate the causes which may have produced the very notorious dislike espressed in regard to the laws emanating from it. " That the decided majority of intelligent persons, distributed among the different parties which unfortu nately divide the nation, abhors both despotism and fa naticism, and wishes for a liberal constitution, which may facilitate as much as possible all classes of the state, unite the will of the Spaniards by . insuring the dignity and ioviolability of the Constitutional Throne, and do away the pretext that may be pleaded by foreigners fur intermeddliug in our domestic concerns, to the u anitest infraction ado law of nations, so as to compel them to desist from their enterprise, on perceiving that Spanish wisdom knows how to curb the fury of parties, and force them to retire; because the Spaniards themselves, is concert with their Monarch, discuss like bra thren the questions which divided their opinions. " That a considerable portion of the lower classes, un- accustomed to think for themselves, have no opinion whatever, act on the rooted habit of respecting as most just that which is most ancient, and desire pillage and li centiousness, which, at the expense of people of prope tv, supply them with some conveniences which they meet tOrego in times of tranquillity ; and that the means which might he employed to re-establish peace and ill ioa,woull be, first, to notify to the invading army, that the nation, in concurrence with the King, proposed to make in its present Constitution snrh alterations as experience has taught it to he necessary to unite the minds of tits Spaniards, and ensure their happiness as well as the di, nity of the Consti!u.ion al Throne; and that, consequeno ly, it ought to tetire from the Spanish territory, and iO.ll. bne'itself to amicable elision by means of its Ala bassador. Secondly, that his Majesty- and his Govern ment should again he estaY,i;tlira at Madrid, as the capi tal of the Mormici.,. ; lest it should be said that be ao ji-urns at Seville against his inciinat'on. Thirdly, that iu order to make in the Constitution such reforms as ars deemed requisite, a new Cortes should be convened,whosd Deputies should present themselves with the powers specified b y the Constitution. Fourthly, that it be pto posed to his Majesty, that he wool be pleased tu choo,e • Ministry which simuld be wedded to no party, a.l-1 .huuld IL-serve the confidence of all, as well as gist of e'oreign rowers. Autl liaLhv, that a geueral aa, es; 4 4