The Statesman. — London, England, 1823-07-30 00:00:00

11117 p DIPROiEMENT OF Tillk ~, CITY 01 LONDON TAYCRN. Yesterday a Meeting was bold at the City of London Tavern, pursuant to public advertisement, addressed by Mr. Owen, of New Lanark, to the Nobility, Gentry, Professions, Bankers, Merchants, and Master Menefee , turers, for the purpose of taking into consideration the p re sent state of Ireland. The Meeting was numerous • and highly respectable. Amongst the distinguished persons present, we noticed the Duke of Leinstsr, the Honourable Leicestee Stanhope, Mr. Hamilton, of Delval, Sir John Doyle, and others. A number , of Ladies sat next the Chair, and added their countenance to the bate- volrnt object of Mr. ()wen. Atsbout half pest 12 Mr. Owen made bis appearance. and immediately after toots the Chair; be was received with loud and general marks of applause; when silence was restored. Mr. Owen, rose and addressed the Meeting to the fol lowing effect:— IV* have met here this day to consider what remedy ears be found for the distresses of Ireland ; and it is a subject possessing claims to our serious attention too powerful and too generally aeknowledged,to render it necessary that I should occupy the time of this Meeting with any introduc tory observations. ' It will be admitted that no effectual remedy can be ex pected to be applied until the nature and cause of those dis tresses shall be ascertained. The evil is twofold ; It consists in the waist of productive employment, and in the existence of religious differences; and so long is these causes continue in operstipn, it is impossible that the condition of Ireland can be late iterated. We have therefore to ascertain, in the Ant place, why productive employment cannot be found for the Irish pea ' sant end labourer. Productive employment is, either natural or artificial. Natural productive employment is, that tbroogh which the individual by his labour produces more than he consumes, and whatever the excess may be, in the same propoetion it is a gain to one or more individuals, a gain to the world. Artificial productive employment is that which. under the present commercial system of society, renders it oecessary that a trading profit should be left to the producers. These two kinds of employment have no connection with each other. The first, or natural productive employment, may be given to all, until poverty shall be removed from society, and the world be saturated with real wealth; but no arrangements have yet been made to admit of the intro due ion of this employment in practice. The other, or sr productive employment, is the mode to which the industry of man has here hitherto restricted, in the creation of wealth. It is a system most defective In principle, and calculated to continue only until a certain stage civilization is attained, beyond which period it will create poverty, and not wealth. The period referred to is, that when science may be made to supersede, in a general degree, the work of ordinary men, and when in consequence, manual labour ceases to be of sellicient value to support human existence in adequate com fort, compared with the progress of civilisation. That pe riod is now arrived; the inventions sod discoveries in the sciences of mechanism and chemistry in particelir, have crested a new power at the disposal of society, which Is, even now. in the infancy of these improaerneuns,' far more . than sufficient to over-simply every want of life, and If pro perly directed, to remove all want, or the fear of want, front the whole of society, although the population of the world were to be increased twenty, thirty. or fifty fold. The time is therefore come when the system of artificial productive employment must cease to exist, and when it must give place to another; to one • which will better fulfil the purposes of mankind; e ne, that will immediately enable society to saturate itself with real wealth, that is, with a full supply of all those productions which can contribute to the well bring and happiness of humeri life. Under a se••••em of natural productive employment, arrangements rs• y be formed in which a due proportion of the useful -sciences, and of manual labour may he so combined, as Voet every portion of the working classes may with ease, c.onfert, and pleasure, create an abundant supply for them se tea. and also a large and more valuable surplus for the use of others, then the industrious part of society has ever set ' , melded for the higher cl . The late rapid progress which has been made in the useful sciences, has gradually.produeed such changes as render it r.seessary that this system should be now introduced, in or der that ignorance and poverty may be withdrawn from so ciety ; and it is the direct interest of every one that these sconrgea of the human race should be withdrawn, as soon es the means of extirpating them are is our power. That it is not necessary that poverty should longer exist any where, may be deduced from the knowledge of one single feet, which is. that, in leas than half a century, Great 110- lain alone has acquired a new power from science, which vary much exceeds the whole manual poder of the world, sal with that power, and her present population of td mil o:!s, if she knew how to direct them, Great Britain might amply supply knit' of Europe with fond, and the whole of E 'rope and the Americas with ail their other wants.—This, more than this, were there any necessity or utility In the measure. could be accomplished, under a system of na te ral productive employment, by means of the soil, science, and manuni power at present possessed by Great Britain it , !d [relent Tile Government of Ireland; however, is re q,i-ed to provide for • population of 7 millions only, from a soil and a power scientific and manual, more than suffi cient to maintain four times that number, in a state of greater comfort than is experienced at present, by any poe tic n of those 7 millions. It is probah'm that not more than " one-seventh " of the inhabitants and proprietors of Ireland can be considered to be above the rank of the working class; It which ease, there is a population of six millions to provide for them selves, and for one million more. The system which at pre sent prevails in Iceland is evidently incompetent to enable those six millions to support this one million lied them ariVen, although they shout.: be content to exist under the deprivation of 'tiniest all the comforts of human life. As • a remedy for this state of things, Mr. Goillburn, the Chief :Secret ery for lieland, recommends "encouragement to emigration. and a replier system of coercion." This is the' essence of his practical knowledge respecting the best mode of governing Ireland ; and, while so governed, It would be • 'looter of surprise, indeed, If Ireland presented a different a ppearithett from that of her present condition. There ne . • ver has been but ours ratioael.mode of ameliorating the eon- chtion of any people, namely, by the adoption of measures wriclt produce an improvement in the character of the Wi n:deals; sod by which they can, in the best manner, create wealth and enjoy it ;„and the Government most to be de sired is, that whin/ill/tactically seeks to accomplish these edsi eels . ••mt . Mr. Secretes, Itlealbern, is consequence of hie own valuableemetifeeee, will, perbilimi, now admit that these ob joe's are not very likely to be attained, either by emigration or, coercion, or by making speeches in Parliament which do nst convey any ides. of practical utility. Ireland is now in a condition so miserable, that it would be essentially benefited, In many of its districts, by the in troduction, in its lowest state, of the system of natural pro ductive employment. I have already stated; that, by this syNtetn, I mean arrangements welch will admit of an indivi dual, either male or female, being employed, whenever by their industry they can produce more in the year than they cuusuoir. If, indeed, these individuals, are to be supporW in any kind of existence, it is obvious to practical - sat they had far better be employed than remain idle, skim* their labour did not return a half, a fourth, or an eighth of their consumption. or.this truth, obvious !mall intelligent practical men, statesmen and men of theory, seem to have little or no knowledge. For, bad they possessed any, they would have adopted measures long ago to employ the pea santry of fret/pd, rather than allowed so many of there in omen generation to remain in idleness, to be taught habits the most injurious to themselves and others, and to be breed to acquire feelings of discontent with their wretched condition. I wish now to direct the attention of the public to a very different system from that which bas been hitherto pursued ; to one, which shall provide productive employment for an the working elasses. The modern political economists, or men of mere theory, will say, no • for it is contrary to their not.on of the vastly profound sc ience of political economy, that the working classes should have employment . found for thew. No; these GOWICSIM of mere words without ideas, .THE STATESMAI say, "men. if left to themselves, wiit do the best for them selves." I challenge them to bring forward one fast in We history of one sprites, which &matte shadow of 'new to this theory. As wail may they say, "do not adapts " halms beings, for, if loft to themselves, they will acquire " the most correct principles. and adoptthe best and most " surd practice." Ititse Oentlemen. whose natural powers of mind ere mita above mediocrity, whose intentions are good, and fbr 'mayor whom I feel sentiments of great regard and friend ship, have been deceived by the past ; they have 'mown the world governed only under false and mistakes notions, sad have perceived that, in proportion at those notions have been forced into practice. poverty, vice, misery. and, mae sequent discontent, have been found to prevail; and no where has their influence been more evident then in the past system of govern's' 'retold. It Is very tree that It is better to govern as Unless possi• isle. than to be active to governing on erroneous principles ; so far I cordially agree with theme/ere politicateconomists. There is, however. a wide tilliereewe between governing on mourns principles, or remalliglesetile,—and govern ing on principles whi sk sepses's', has •proved to be true, consistent, and beneficial. Tbe is of the world have hitherto, from error, ps fret of these modes. In consequence of the *llium Wad of access which has attended all legbiathis megisuni, *oder* political econo mists now recommend the eseified, ir the abstaining from all attempts, on the part of sitsktfycolleetively,to direct the proceedings of mankind ; in other words, they seem to have a notion of some mysterious pteciple of self-adjustment in, the affairs of life, which, if asie Interfered with, would in fallibly bring all things to Mgr proper level in society. Allowing, however, the minhiserous sleets on the general economy of life which erroneous legislation, or the absencg of all direction, must neemiserily produce. I recommend VI! third mode of proceeding, as being the best calcuiated to form, conduct, and preserve, a healthy, active, intelligent, wealthy, moral, and happy society: Ilfr.Owsisthen proceeded to recommend toOovernments to commence an active legislation,as soon as tbey bad dis covered the vinciple on which alone mankind ought to be governed. That principle bad been stated to be " the direction of circumstances, and the practice to consist in withdrawing those which experience bad proved to be injurious to mankind, and in introducing others which, on the same authority, were known to be benefits. At the present hour, every portion of mankind was sur rounded with 6ml:trances, the greater part of which were of an immoral character; and the great majority of mankind were forced to exist amidst circumstabres b almost all. if not the whole of whirl', were directly de trimental to them. To take an instance from among his fellow subjects, was there a single virtuous circumstance prepared for the indictee of infants who came into the world in idea cabins? It was impossible that Ireland could much longer remain in its present miserable con dition. Every one now felt the pernicious effects, if they did not understand the cause, of the errors of the present system; and the only consideration which remained was —would the change which he (Mr. Owen) proposed he an essential improvement or not: for he would readily admit that no fundamental alteration ought to be at tempted unless it appeared probable that the condition of mankind would be greatly ameliorated by it. (Hear, hear.) Under the system which he recommended the forming of the character of the rising population of Ire land would no longer be left to accident. Measures would be adopted to prepare for them such new circumstances as were calculated to ensure them a good constitution, proper treatment in infancy, an education from which they would derive good dispositions and manners, Was. trious habits, and useful intelligence, the means of pro ductive employment, and of an advantageous exchange of the surplus products of their labours, as well as the means of maintaining a beneficial intercourse with ge neral- society. By such arrangements there would be no waste °flab° , r,aod the result of each person's exertions would be much more than . fourfold in produce, colnpared with their result under the existing system; and a hun dredfold greater in reference to comfort and all the real objects of human life. It was in the power of the Go vernment to effect these desirable objects without any pecuniary sacrifice. Pecuniary charities could no longer be considered as virtues, but as crimes, since they tended to degrade and render dependent those who were the objects of them—who, if treated with common juitice, would• be •in a condition to bestow favours upon their fellow creatures, rather than to be receivers of a miser able pittance—a smelt portion of that affluence which by their . previous exertions they bad actually created for those very persons who made a merit of such misnamed charities.—(Applause.) How erroneous, then, was the system which rendered it necessary to assign poor rate and pecuniary charities, as they were called, to those who produced all the wealth in society? It was in consider ation of these and many other grievous errors, that he came prepared to advocate this advantages that would result from an entire change of the present syytern. lie would now proceed to the consideration of the means by which the inhabitants of Ireland could be united and induced to Ike together as one people having the same interest. He believed that the primary and substantial cans of the divisions among the people of Ireland was the matinee in which religion was taught them. Expe rience demonstrated that men in any part of the world might be forced to believe any thing to be true, ' however irrational and contrary to the truth it might be. It was a pridciple in unison with all• known facts, that the will of the individual had no power over his belief; that his belief or conviction was in all cases forced upon him, and very generally by the geographi. cal circumstances of his birth. Notwithstanding this, however, the people of Ireland, divided into two power ful parties, had been taught, for many centuries, to be liere that there was merit in one particular belief, and great demerit in every other, on the sus jest of religion. Why should any part of society not desire that this pes tilential doctrine should be wholly withdrawn from the moral code of the world? lie asked those who had deeply reflected upon the ways of mesh whether young minds would is the absence of this doctrine imbibe feel ings towards their fellow creatures which would impel them in manhood to torture, burn, and massacre them, because, being differently taught from themselves, they could not b. live the same truths or falsehood which - the others had fioin their infancy been compelled to enter ; tain ? He had now placed the subject fully before the meeting, and he also wished it to be placed without de lay befiwe world, in order that the reel nature of the change which lie proposed might be an,:).-stood. It was a change which would be accompanied by no evil in its progress : it bad no hostile feeling •tcra single child of wan. Its object was to do good, and in spite of every adverse circumstance to extend that good continually.— He understood. that many individuals were extremely anxious that experiments should be commenced to show the practical results of the system which he advocated. It was proposed in the prospectus which he held in bit band, and which had been printed and circulated, that the first instalments of capital to be called fur for the purpose of commencing the first or parent establish ment, should be,paid on the Ist of Sept. next. Ile was convinced that if practi , al men would torn their atten tion to thi subject, they would find that they would ob tain great pecuniary advantages by employing, their ca-, pital to the communities which were about to be esta blished. The introduction of his system into I relaod would speedily relieve it from the miseries and dissensions which, under the present system, must eontioue and incresse.— He had a right to ask why Uoyernment dill not afford pecaoiary means for giving the plan a fair trial ? At a time when British revenue and capital were squandered in every part of the globe, was there none to spare, not even in the shape of a loan well secured, to aid in giving the means of support through incluatrimis and temperate habits to so many millions of our unemployed, starving, and hopeless s fellow subjects, who are but two days' jour ney removed from us ?—(Applause.) A loan of from dee to eight millioes, well inweeed en had anti boon, and on the industry of those who would prefer employ liest to idleness; would resale Iteland from its miseries, and Goverment from its disgrace. (Applause.) The loan s too t' alight easily be repaid with interest. by means of ambit* fond In eu than silbee yams. So vitally 'important to Irelancididlie consider such aid at the pre root juncture, and so safe did be consider the sorority which the landed proprietors and others had to offer if the loan were granted them at the three and a half per cent., that he was ready to commence a Hat, if other in dividuals would follow his example, to give additional security to Government for the repayment of the loan, I shii trivet his name down for SPOOL (Applause.) it )*doing so, be felt that he should bat half perform Eris duty towards the millions of his suffering fellow ;countrymen in Ireland, Were those in themselves utterly helpless beings to be seen by many of the Lich and benevolent persons of either sex with whom this country abounded, and seen as he had beheld them in the most wretched cabins, emaciated from the want of a sufficiency of wholesome food, their children lying in the litter of swine, and often, in the depth of winter, without foel enough to cook their daily meal of potatoes, • they would fee), that if Government would not lend a helping hand, they themselves could no longer allow such things to be, and suffer themselves to be called good, pious, and charitable. (Applause.) Rut, what ever others might do, he felt that he should be impelled, whilst health and means remained to him, to centime without ceasing, to call upon the Government and the people to wipe away the deep stein which attached to our national character. And it was also his determitra tion, forced upon him by the circumstances s the times, to proceed without delay to prepare a full exatnple in Scotland of the practical measures from which the world,. ere long, must derive permanent and enhstantial advan tages to an extent of which, at present, it could form no adequate estimate. lie wished is, however, to be under stood, that frownone of the loans or experiments did he expect directly or indirectly to derive any,other advan tage than would belong to any other contributer to such loans, or coannoo member of society. The only return he sought, or had ever sought, for his exertions, was to know that some day his fellow beings would be in the full enjoyment which his life had been de voted to secure for them: and as lie felt assured that the time was not far distant when that desired object would be e t t- Word, he already possessed a rich reward for his s.rrices,*.ed deemed them amply repaid. (Great approbation.) The wor thy gentleman then read time Resolutions, which lie said lie would ultimately propose 'should be adopted by the Meeting. These Resolutions embodied the fact of the distress prevalent in Ireland, with Mr.. Owen's own con clusions as to their cause and remedy. The Resolutions were seconded by a Scotch Gentle man, who delivered his sentiments from a manuscript be held in his band, and which he real in so low a tone as to be scarcely intelligible. The Assembly shew ing considerable impatience, lie gave way to Mr. Mauna, an Irish Gentleman, and a Member of the Middle Temple, who opposed Mr. Owen's plan.— He gave full credit to that Gentleman for the sincerity of his motives ; he screed with him as to the exist nee of the evils which afflicted Ireland, but be objected to • the plan as visionary aqd impracticable ; it was peculi arly so when proposed for a country the inhabitants of whirl)* were torn by contending parties. He objected also to the manner in which Mr. Owen li id treated reli gious subjects. Hale. Owen could be instrumental in relieving Ireland from her present system of tithes; in restoring to her time absentees. the loss of whose reve nues now impoverished her, and in removing the oppres sion of the middle men, he would confer a real benefit upon that country:. But Mr. Owen's present plan could never he carried into effect unless human nature were first altered in all itq feelings and all its passions. He did not think it could eradicate the evils which accumu lated for years from a system of misgovernment, clerical rapacity, absentees, tithes, and religious exclusion,which bore down the peasantry. He considered the proposal of Mr. Owen would produce no other effect than that of drawing the attention of the friends of Ireland from the only certain remedies for the cure of the evil, and of giving those in Parliament who did net mean fairly to. wards Ireland, a pretext for resisting any other measure of improvement. He again repeated' that Mr. Owen's plan was impracticable ; and that the present feelings and extraordinary exertions of Mr. Owen, would, if di rected in other channelo, be productive of more benefit to Ireland. Mr. YOUNG said, that be was inclined to think, judg ing from what bad fallen from the gentlemen who had just sat down, and who had spoken with so much elo quence, that lie, in fact altpgether misunderstood the plan of M Owen. He particularly misunderstood that gentleman as to what had fallen from him respecting re ligion. Mr. Owen did ssot arraign the Catholic religion, nor the Protestant religion either ; but lie might have said with truth, that mach of the wretchedness and mi sery of that country 'night be traced to that system of religious persecution which had so long kept alive there the worst passions of hanian nature. Mr. Owen had said that the opinion of man was not in his own power, and who could doubt the fact ? Man could not avoid entertaining a certain opinion, he wis not to be punished for opinion ; but he was to be rewarded and honoured for good works—for his endeavours to reclaim, to in. struct, and to Improve the state of his fellow-creatures— (Applause.)—He (Mr. Young) would have been indeed glad that the plan of Mr. Owen bad been more definite ; bat as it was, it would have his support, because it was intended for the benefit of Ireland—a country whose fate alai whose wrongs were a disgrace to the empire. Mr. MUDIE said, be could not avoid expressing his approbation of the plan of benevolence proposed by Mr. Owen. For six years be had paid unremitting attention to it, be had examined all the objections, and he'was every day wore and more convinced that it was founded on principles which could not be shaken. The only ar gainent be heard against it that day was, that it had not yet been adopted , in this country. The same objec.ion might be made to.many useful improvements which took considerable time before they were generally adopted. They all remember what a time elapsed before gas was generally used, and what difficulties It had to encounter. Nothing would be more obvious than Mr. Owen's plea. It was perfectly tangible. The object eves to employ the poor, to enable them to enjoy more of their own pro duce, and to ailbrd them the benefits of education. Mr. OOURLAY said, he had devoted his time for twenty two years to the improvement of the condition of the people. He formed the resolution of devoting his whole life to it, and the consequence was that he was now a pauper himself, a completely rained man. In conse quence of -his exertions in the cause, be was at that 1 moment living on the clothes he hid pawned. He had plans of his own, which lie would Act upon, if Mr. Owen joined him; but that Gentleman's scheme had no chance of success; if acted upon. ,it would not fail to have the ' worst effects. Of this he had no doubt from societies lie saw in America established upon the mine principle of a community of goods. Until the human mind was much snore improved, men would he utterly unfit fur associating on such a principle. lie had no doubt, how ever, that it was decreed., that mankind, through a beg course of suffering, woultLp_urify themselves so as to be come angels upon earth. He went to Canada td carry hi s plans into effect,And tried in 'vide for nearly four yeah to prevail on Parliament to adopt his views.. He could not succeed, and sunk under the effort. air CROOK said he did ant think Mr. Owea's plan was adverse to•the Bible... Ills object wits the ume u that • . . , levitated in Scripture, "to train up children in the w • in which they should go, that when they were old th. y might not depart from it." There was nothior adverse 'to religion in the scheme proposed. The object was. that men holding di;ferent opinions should live togethei without mutual persecution. Though all the beneficial result* which Mr. Owen in the benevolence of his heart anticipated might not follow, it was no reason why at. tempts should not be made to produce partial rood. 'There were societies now established both in Prance and the Netherlands on neatly the same principles. There was one at Fredericksburg. The establishment at Lanark itself proved that the thing was quite prime ; cable. Mr. Owes said there was a Gentleman, a Mr. Heater. 'in the room, who hs4 been made a prisoner by savages in infsncy, and as brought up etthtnx them. Ile lived 11 years with a people whose manners and customs di'.; ' fered in aim .t every respect from those of the pk- would state the result upon his feelirrgs when he wltnessel societies io America established upon the principles now proposed. • Mr. Marta came forward, and in a short speech, re. •markahle for modesty and intelligence, said, that its Ame rica he bad witnessed the effects of combined operations those. operations were always sure to be more productive than the single handed efforts of individuals. So tulle inspreemd were the NW.: of Asn.rica of the truth of this, that there were various instances of individuals of large, fortunes who bad thrown those fortunes into a common stock with persons of very inferior means. merely for the benefit rspecte,l to be derived train com bined operations. lie instanced the cues of Mr. ltapps, Mr. Durrow, and Me. Euston. ,After some conversation as to the question of adjourn. meat, Mr. Himuitasom proposed that the Meeting slionl be adjontned to a further day, that the public might have trrne to consider the subject. Mr. Oottx said, as he must return to. Scotland,"it would not be in his power to attend another mecting,— The public, however, would through the:medium of the papers become sufficiently axquaiuted , with the objects he ~...oposed. They were consivent, not mercly with existing facts, but with what they knew from history.— However the world might oppose him now, the day was not far distant when they woold.support 11:01; until that day came he would pursue the course he had commenc e d. He was firmly convinced of the practicability of hi s pl a p, and they who thought otherwise were Witten:ell be vague report of partial views. IL tried experiments frit. twenty years, before he uttered a word . Fur ten years more lie listened to vqectious from every quarter, And found there was nothing in ti w is right, and he knew it from hating made the experimen% —(Applanse ) The meeting was then:adjourned until Friday next. The following are :he Resolutions which were propose:l. and which are to be decided on nt the adjournedineeting : •• I. That ft is the opinion of this Meetiug the the on ofthe popaludon of Ireland, gearrally requires aim - lioration. " That the causes of their poverty and suffei lags are the want of productive employment, and the existence of religious differences. • 3.. That both these evils proceed from fun.lamental er cora in the present consiitution of society ; the forMertroni the continuance of an artili ial system of productive em ployment, which is now highly disadvantageous to all parties ; the hitter from the notion that there is merit or de merit in opinions, which in all cases ore the effects of geo graphical circumstances. 4. That as circumstances in r.:l cases essentially form the charecter, the only course thht can be rationally pursued with a view to the amelioratioamf the condition Of society. is to endeavour to acquire, in the first iistance, on accurate knowledge of the circumstances which are favourable, and those which are unfavourable. "S. That Mr. Owen hes devoted a long end active life to this object, sod by deep study and retleetion, by exten sive personal communication with the most intelligent of all ciasses, sects and parties, and by valuable practical ex perience, has succeeded in devising a combination of cir cumstances, wi.telt, in their application to society, he thinks will tend materially to improve the human character. and condition. _ " 6. That it does not appear that be could have sny pri vate or Individual interest, separate from the general good, in pursuing this mode of conduct. " 7. That he appears to he fully convinced, that the sys tem which he proposes to the world, when carried int, exe cution, will produce the most benacial, moral, and pecu niary results. " S. That he off, rs his services to the public in patting this plan into immediate practice. in Englanti, In laud. and Scotland, or to institute an experiment to prove its efficacy in all or any of these countries." DREADFUL ACCIDENT.—On Saturday evening last, abont six unlock, as Air. Edmunds, the surveyor of the road between Ki lburn and Edgeware, and superintend ent of the extensive imprevemeats in that part of the country, after paying his worLium at the Harp public house, near the hve-mile stone, set off in his cluOse for his house at Edgeuare, when unfortunately, after pro ceeding a few yard-i, Le got between two teams, and It is supposed, in whipping his own horse for the pur pose of getting out of the way, he touched the leader of one of the tearns, which caused the horse to make a and den spring, awl the cart coming in contact with .Mr. Edmunds's chaise, he was thrown out. and one of the wheels passed over him. He was placed in a return post-chaise, which was accidentally passing at the tinny but before he reached his house, which is only distant 3 miles from the spot, the vital spark had fled. CORONER'S INQUEST.-Lut night an inquisition was taken at the Tort sap, back of St. lleorge's Ilospital, before Mr. Gent., Coroner for London, on the body of Joseph Hillyer, of Islewortli, who, it app-ared from the evidence of bis father, was on last Sunday week robbing a bird's next in the Duke of Northumberland's garden, when he fell from a very high tree upon his head. His scull was fractured, and he was carried to the hospital in a state of insensibility, where he lingered till Sunday last, when he expired. Verdict.—Accidental Death.. COURSE OF EXCHANGE.—Tuassay. Amsterdam a f.. 19 10 Gibraltar •....31 8 Ditto at Sight ~I 9 8 Leghorn 401 U Rotterdam. ' ......19 11 Genoa . .•... 43 0 Antwerp. ...19 9 Venice ltallaa Llv 98 19 Hambergh. ..........38 I Ma1ta...... 46 0 Altona 3B 3 Naples 99 9 Paris, 8 days' sight... 93 80 Palermo Ditto , . .....98 8 Li5b0n....... ba 0 80rdeaux....... ....90 8 Oporto 69 0 Frankfort on the Main 139 i Rio Janeiro - 60 0 Petersburg Sus p rble 8 1 Bahia Berlin ...Cur Dolls 7d I lgr. Dublin - 91 U Vienna, Ef.9 m....f10 10 30 Cork Ol 0 Trieste ditto.... ..... .10 30 BULLION. per oz. Madrid 381 0 Portugal goldincoln.ol.o3.od Cadiz ........36. 0 Foreign gold in bars3l.l7sBd Bilboa ~...351 0 New D0ub100n5....3 13 0 Barcelona —36 0 New Dollars 0 4St f)t ille 33 0 Silverinbars.standardo 0 0 BIRTHS.—On thenth hat. at Stokelake House, Devoe, the Lady of the Hon. P. B. Pelle.r, M. P. of a sot,. On the 29th Inst., at floldernesse House, Park-lane, the Marchioness of Londonderry, of a daughter. DIED.—On Sunday, the 27th lust., at &them, in the 17th year of her age, Mary, second daughter of M. Gilbertson, of Hartford, Esq. On the 2Sth inst., when on a visit to bit son, at Reading. the Rev. James Hinton, of Oxford, A.M., after a few hours' tiloess. On the SlSth July, at Twickenham, in the 10th year of her lige, Sarah Hodge-s, relict of J. Hodges, Eq., late of Boulney Court, In the County of Ozon. London : Printed and Published at the Ofilee. --- No. .2 a 7 . 1 Str.od, by R. WARDELL, LLD. Proprietor. .. • . , C ?el A. li ord Coe thr Pr) Gar ma Ilo! hti J. brf the Hri Ihn Mu jilt 1' sus sus