The Statesman. — London, England, 1821-03-01 00:00:00

e. e -:..- __ - fires Having thought it his duty to make farther' eaviries upon the subject, lie would lay the result of item before the House. His Lordship then read an retract of a letter to Sir W. A'Cuurt, in which that .Minister stated that no British agent was present upon '.e Council of War which was held to determine the 'ate of Murat, and that his death was the same exact :3; as that which lie had previously destined for the ad herents of King Ferdinand, as appeared by the pro clamation found on his person, so that the House would see that there *as a complete negative given to she assertion upon which the Hon. General had found ed his question. Sir It. WILSON said, that the explanation was sa tisfactory so far as it went; but the report to which he had adverted stated that a British agent was pre emie at the Council which sent Murat to a military trial and execution. His question, therefore, referred to the Council at Naples, nut to the Council of War. Lord CASTLEREAGH said, he could give a still more decisive negative to that assertion. fie had nu hesitation in declaring, that was utterly destitute of every colour of troth. CLAIMS OF THE RONIAN CATHOLICS OF litr.r. %\I). Mr. PLUNKETT said, he held in his it3:1 , 1 a Peti tion, which from the number of signature , , their re spectability, wealth, and talent, and hoot tit.• to , tAns they hal of being acquainted with the sentiewins of their countrymen at large, he thou lit himself entitle:l to consider as the petition of the great body of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, so Lir as it sought redress. A similar petition was, about a year and a half ago, hid before the House. It was presented by Isis la mented friend Mr. Grattan, and it carne before the House supported not only by the into ity of his great name, but hy the resistless fr.ree of his eloquence. It was not his design at that moment to attempt to ex press those feelings with which his heart was filled by elle name of that excellent man, or to trouble the House with the declaration of his sentiments to the tiiend by whose confidence he bad 'seen honoured—by whose wisdom he hail been enlightened, and hy whose example lie hail seen guiilcd. His eulogy was already pronotinceil;by lips whose eloquence he would not dis parage by attempting to rival it. These honours, which his sett hes to his native country had deserved were amply rendered to his tont; by the high and li beral of this country : and Iris death, like his life, was a bond of convention between the two countries. lie would not weaken these eulogiums, cr disturb the solemnity of his obsequies, by any feeble praise and una vailing sorrow of his. The subject to which he was haw diately about to call the attention of the House, was one in which that good man felt earnestly. It took early possession of his heart and feelings, and kept heel( in thew to the last moment of existence. Even at his latest hour, he would have willingly laid down his life in asser.in4 the rights and liberties of his native land. But deeply al he felt this question, as a friend to his native t wintry, yet be had always considered it in a more extended point of view: h felt that it was an imperial question—one on which the liberties and happiness of all the subjects of the British Empire were involved. Mr. Urattan was alive to wise—to that fame which attended upon virtuous conduct. It clung to him whilst on ear:l; ; yet if he felt "That last infirmity of noble minds," no eau ever more deeply despised that hollow and heartless popularity which was won by subserviency, and retained by a darelictirm of ptinciple.—(Cheers.)—lie would coun tenance no underhand mans fur obtaining suacess, and he felt that the question could never be carried, unless the Protestant mind was thorottelily reeoneileil t.) its justice and policy.—(Cheers.)---lot fellowing- the eteps of that great titan. at a humble and ineasareles , distance, he (Mr. P.) could only say thin he was actu ated by the same conviction. He conclitticii by :novice; that the Petition be brought up. Mr. JAMES BROWNE seconded the motion. •The Petition was then read, laid on the tobie, au l ordered to be printed. Similar petitions were presented by Mr. I's ys- PLITT from the Roaion Catholics of the paiis'oes of Andrew, St. Mark, it. Anne, and St. Peter's, Dublin ; avid another from the Homan Catholics of the County and City of Waterford, which were read, and ordered to be printed. CATHOLIC FATANCIPATION. Me. PLUNKETT said. that as one of tli 111. , :heq . . itolkinnst distinguished honors hail dcv.titt.i ni nal lai,A, it. tennined tor hint to discharge Lis duty as a Aic:t.h..: of that House, by bringing under its consiaLtrati.an the laws telating to the C.Aliolies of the Lad:y.l Kitp:tlr.:A , . 4:n behalf of Pr-testacts as well as Catia-iies, he called upon the !louse. as Close laws teere titmly dan gerous to the one party as to the other. ilis 05ject vas to attain the end of public goo-1, by an a:t of .;:ss t* cf.; anti if such was his object, it would he sur.• to Jar the foundation of concord ; beeattse coact r• 1 w.ts Cte consequence ofjustice. It would also pristine,. anse ftelinos which resulted from the warmth of grac. , .11.1, Acd Outlast inference was a matter of ca;:sitl,•r. %lough by HO means equal to the other iniptiallL i:e lAits to be expected. AI unit discontent upon getter:ll -a:abject' vs-oathd be allayed ; but the qtte,tioa was not a .:itated with that view. To believe that it was Lrought forward for the purpose of allaying any dis c,:ntent, or any irritated feelings which tni;lit prevail. uas to undervalue the motives of the p.trties jute:- es/ell in its success. That a most anxious desire of Lei:outing partakers of hritish freedom, hid exist on their parts, he shou tt be asha-ned to leny ; neither uould he say that there was not arsonal . st them a degree of feverish sickness. created by I. 1:0 ; ie alarm il," which had been the cause of great awl io iz continuc.l uneasiness. It was nut when tile wind of the tempest tirst ceased to blow that the waves would cease to roll. Aunt whether any discontent existed ur nut was not the question which claimed their attention. It was their duty to consider whether an injustice towards a large portion of the people had not been done, and if so, to atone for it. Whether laws injurious to them did not exist, and if so, to obliterate them. This was what he called upon the House to look at, and if they found these burthens pressing heavily and unneces sarily upon any, the smallest portion of the people, it was their duty to take uteastires fur their relief. Mt: if they found them weighing neon a most itnpulant and extensive branch of the population, they ought not --Anent in taking steps which sruuid release their situation. It had been objected from to that these individuals were not agreed as at or nature of the measure to be proposed or it their relief. lie tvuul,l take the liberty of ----. t tu lOU a alum shells frogs th 4 timr4o time I to thi cpstent c 4re rite t for t 4 THE STATESMAN, saying, that this was neither a fair nor a candid, not a manly way of meeting the question. Was it or was it not a measure which the House onglit to entertain ? Was it dangerous? Was it unconstitutional? If met on these grounds, he could understand the opposition to the measure he should propose. If ally one should meet him with the unmanly objections to which he had alluded, lie would ask, " why did you not come to lIIP, and assist me in framing a measure more consonant to your wishes. If you have that within you which would perfect my proposition, and render it u nexceptionable, why do you wrap yourself up in nentrality, and then object to the little ifitferences which may exist between the parties who seek relief." The question wits entitled to a more manly and candid reception. k tow did the Catholics cane forward ? Not to attack the Constitu tion. They came under the Con‘titution itself. They came as loyal subjects of the King, with their Petitions, humbly praying that they should exercise the rights and privileges of their ancestors. They came upon all the known, and tried um' proved principles of the Constitu tion. Under such circumstances, any measure pro posed, out;!.; not to he met io its detail, but upon its broad end general merits. What he meant to propose was, that the House should tzu into a Committee, to consider the details of the laws affectiliv. the Catholic subjects of the realm. It was iii` own most confident ex pertation,tha t the I lanse wool , ' consent to his proposition; avid that continence was not a Wile increased, when he remembered that lint more than ovo years ago,' a majority of that House conkented to the eppointment of a earlier Committee. At another pernill, numbers nearly amounting to a majority, agreed to measure* r•rommentled in that Committee; and if there had not b.: •n gross impropriety of routine on the part of so ne who called themselves friends of Catholic F.man cipation, these measures would have been carr'ed This tool.: place at a time w/en the country was reeling to its very centre in the heaviest storms ; and he wateld not believe that any one && ho given their euffetee for those me:mires in the hour of dan err, would be dirposed to refuse them at the pres•nt time. lie was sure it could nit be forgotten by the general mind. that proud as the exertions of the people had been in bringing the late mighty contest to a conclusion. none had more dietieguished themselves than the- Roman Catholics.—(llene, hear.)—lle was sure he a h unid have nothing of hostility to encounter in the nppe sition he ahonld meet. The general feelitse both in and out of that (louse, upon which the opposition was Cronopleil, was an idea of the 'lancer whi•ds might attend such a course. Therefore, not expre.ing to be enconntereil by any thing but that sense of danger, he wenld prneeeii to state his r7ews upon the Inestion. Ile would divide it into three dietinet propositions —namely, its bearings upon Relieion, upon the Constitution, and upon the policy of the country. He feared br should have to call too largely upon the patience of the Honfe.—((lear. hear, hear.)--ife should, however, only have to occupy a short portion of its time upon the first division of the question, merely as it affected because he was not called on to go into any great depth upon that sub ject. Great praise was due to a high pers 'nage for say ing in another place, that he had no objection to the Claims of the Catholics being granted, on the score of religion. It was only upon political grounds that ilaw,er ;night be apprehended. These doctrines had been declariel by the Right Rev. Personae, to whom he Minded, before the Rev. Bench whom he address ed, with no expressed dissent whatever on their parts. lie would make a few observations upon the Act of Charles 11. which reqvired certain pledees from per sons holding the ltonette Catholic faith, who entered into aity office of State. To say that this was pro vided with any reference to rtliginn, appeared to hint to be a course calculated in itself to tae away the very principles which coteeienteel religion. It was merely resorted to as a State affair, anti the pledge was consequently required when persons entered upon the offiere of State. If the interests of true reli gion required it, why was it confieed to this country? Why was: not an oath imposed upon all persons filling similar &lice• in other twions? Why was it not resorted at in Catholic, in 3lahometan, in Paean countries ? Nil man cash! maintain that in principle, the inter.atts of religion called for any such. ail or defence. If a contradic tion to what he then a•lvenred should lie at tempted,..why, he woe;:! :isle, was not a len itive d e . cloration required? Why was it not necessary fir a persan to declare that he helievell in the existrnre of a (lot! ? Why not call tipon !tins to acknowlelge his conviction of the true Ineleemer ? Why not expert him to declare that he believed in a future state? None of these things were required. he ntate acted as an electrif y ing power 111;on religion, but it was all negative electricity an:l positive.—(llnch cheer nog.) And why, he won'. 1 ask, were the Roman Ca :holies lo b • select:d as the ugly class to be de no.-teed ? Why dish they not denonnee the Mahoune tan, the Paean, and the Jew? A men might w••rsltip Jupiter, Osiris, a ereendile, the best of !leaven, or the ereeeing of the earth.— and the s. sly Ir%. Chi:ii.)ll to b • made was a l :anise Roman Cath:slies, whose faith merle- centaiued shades of difference front that of the Pratestant himself. These only were shut lint from the &dives of State, and only because they helieved something more in their Iteligiou than the Prtyte.tants ind. They were char:eel with super. sti:ioa and idolatry on areanat of then- men ice of the Mass. Now lie would ask tiratleto.n who made these ohjectione, what the service of the Mass was? and if ail would enira;e to support his proposition who could not ateover that qnestiou, lie was sure be should carey it with an overwisciming majority.—(A !Anglo tie would snake one or two observations upon this suhject as far as he understood it. Ti e• sacrament of the letters Supper was in commentoratiou of his sacrifice for the salvation of mankind, and was held by certain persons to be efficacious for their spiritual welfare. As far as this went, he found no diffienity. But then it was said that Roman Catholics believed in tie act nal presence of the body of Christ. If it were true that they he• tiered this, it would be a proposition so diametrically opposed to all natnril laws and principles. that he for one, should be ready to reject it. But the Roman Ca tholics themselves said they believed in no such. thing. 'I hey. indeed, declared that in a sense it was present. What this sense wos, be ronfersed he did not know.— But this was neither idolatry nor superstition. Such was reit tie conclusion of the great .an.l celebrated Queen Elilabath, although she slid not believe la it. 'llse wisdom which she diapLaved in the . ,disposal of this qnestion, might be .'traced in this ar . &jags of Bishep Burnet, in his , His,tory of the lleSeentatlon.r. It %vas the design of the Qnzett to Quite ...' 0 d,!IA . A il I '2• ~...„..,_,....,...--__ the nation in one faith. A great part • of the peril'''• continued to believe in the presence, therefore dial she allow it no remain a speculative opinion, upon which every man might be allowed the exercise of his free opinion." But Queen Eligabeth had the true art, or rather the genie` of governing her people fur their general good. Therefore it was, that although she did nut believe in these opinions, she altered the Li turgy as it had been established by Edward the Sixth for the purpose of accommodating the different faiths and intere:fta of her subjects. This was her object, as Bishop Burnet had said, and with such - views, the whole reformation was established. if this belief was cow to be charged on Roman Catholics as superstition and idolatry, it really became monstrous to consider, what hail been done. In Ireland, Roman Catholics were admitted to be Brand .furors and itlagistratea.— What then dial they do, accordingto the previous doc trine? Why, after making them take an oath that they were Catholics, anal consequently idolaters, they left them to tax, and to dispoae of the lives of Christians He next came to the Coustitutional bearing of the question. And what he meant to contend was this, that admission to all aelices of the state was the right • Patsy leige subject of the King. For th e establish tatiof that right he should n o t t ouch e p on the lie- U rination nor upon the Revolution. The causes of the receptions made against the Cathelies at the It?voln t4mn were only of a temporary nature, and had long fame ceased to exist. Time first plestion then was, e he titer the Roman Catholics were not the liege subjects of ' the king? He would ask what shut them out? There could be nothing hut their assertion of the spiritual supremacy of the Pope. Now let then examine to what this inference would teed. If the law, as it re garded the oath of Supremacy, could have this inter pretation, then there never was a liege suij..et in England before the reign of Henry VIII. because, up to tl; st period, this country bad always aeknowledged the spiritual supremacy of the Pope. Then they must determine that up to that period England b;iii hems a nation of outlaws—Magna Cherie had been ob tained by outlaws—and the Revolution of I 61":4 hail been accomplialied by outlaws.—(Laud Cheering.) — According to that doctrine, the,. nos not a Catholic nation of Europe whose Slonareb ruled over as much as one liege subject—(finch cheering.}—What was this supremacy ? The Roman Cat! " •ii admitted, that in all the states of the realm—.ll the coastitnted authorities, all the civil and ecclesiastical establish ments were without the jurisdiction of the. Pope, and that it was only in lairitu al affairs that be was held su preme. Ile could nut give a stronger illustration of the subject, than by supposing the case of a person who held conscieetions doubts upon nor part of his conduct or habits of life. Ile wauld then consider that a refasten .e to the Pope was necessary, and Isis de claims would regulate his mode of living. it was well known that ne held the rights of marriage within certain degrees of consanguinity, which a Roman Ca tholic w..ulal not consider lawful. Ile wonld declare such persons to be living in a state of sin, But he would not deny the rights of the children horn in such a marriage, nor any of her lawful rights connected with it : and if any ow should interfere with those rights, a Roman Catholic Priest would feel bound in duty to visit such interference with the spiritual censure.—Bet they slid not claim the exercise of that spiritual con ' aleinnation beyond their own sect. lie most own, therefore, that it was with some degree of regret that he heard the same Right Reverend i.erson to whont he had before alluded, lay down the principle that the oath of solariums affected the Consti tutional rights and privileges of th . nation. lie s dal Bra the Roman Catholic yielded that to the Pope which the Paotestaut would yield to no per •un. Therefore he deducted that a civil distinaliliea• Lion exisaed. Timis was what Locke had called "see ing a little, presuming a great deal, and then jumping to a conciusion." It really would become those per soh, who male such cslijertions us those he was then combating to demonstrate that lino of demarcation which shut out •individuals from the comassam protec tion of their country, on account of their degrees of rails. It was said, tisat the deficiency of the Scotch Church was not sufficiently great, hot that the defi ciency of the Roman I 'atholics arrived at that very ex act &zee, which waauld shut them out Prow the Con s:itteion. In metaphysics, this was entitled civil worth. Ile dial nut know what watmeant by this new fangled phrase of civil worth, n. less it was that all the grand immaterial attributes of truth, justice, wisdom. were to hr excluded from :he qualifies'. Cone of time hin,z's liege subjects. Because all pe-snua, however eminently possessing them, it' they held the doctrines 'if Supremos, were to be shut out, while others, who held neither the former nor the latter, were left to the enj .yinent of the full benefits of the Conatitutioa. 'I he security of the Constitution eonsi•tel in the power of the Monarch to select those who were :nest wte•thy to fill the utfiees of the State, ant to exclual • tho a. who were unworthy. How then were SJ loree a por:i an of the community as the lioulaus Catholics cutup ased, to be separated from the hoar of the nation, and tam he she: out frees the choice of the Monarch, in violation of these pi ineiplea, which he ailriumal to be the principica of the Constitntion ? Ile spoke in the presence of sound Constitutional Lawyers, mot men who were thoroughly acquainted with tar history of the country. and he was open to contradiction. In our free llonarchy every subject had the right of all the franchises of the State. If nut, we no longer lived under a free Monarchy. The Right lion. Member then read a long passage from the works of Lord Baron, which went to sup port his argument. There was nu part of our his tory so vulgarly abused as that which related to time Reformation. '1 1:2 Act of Amlnsoni:ion of Queen Elisabeth was introduced, for the purpose of 'cps. rating,those wiei were loyal front the unluyal; and be cause that Princeissayould not suffer the subjects of her ancestors to lie ruled by any foreign Sovereign. The sth of Eiisabeth was an explanation of the Act of Supremacy :—lt said that, la whereas the Queen is always aufficiently assured of the loyalty of all her subjrcta who were Barons in Parlianteut. this Act does nut extend to them. &sc." This proved that the Act of Supremacy was not considered as a fist of religion, but of loyalty, as the Act declared. Together with this legislative exposition. be would recommend to lientknnen not acquainted with it, also to look at the writings of Walsiagham, stko sleelsord that the tura s:oeurtresni.t. irve s t po ntiht p le t s ed vttri b ge s e - oi th owsi e .e.ies t v neen ttioaut he uwpereisionsietsuristsl7ll,letualplit: bet to • usument. arising fruits tar ---~~ iu enem ies and w i st i ont.aul causes. 'They ttt f l o ie rei r g es n m u e l n t e of es and other im me di ate applicable to the changes which were then taking ! fl aw. He confidently hoped that our present So rere i r „ would exercise his Royal wisdom in the same manner. His Majesty was not called upon to alter any priuci. pks upon which he had kith •rto acted, but to m en the changes and colmequent necessities which had arisen with the course of time. There was a remark. able case in the reign of Charles 11. .f Sir 3. Swale, who was a Roman Catholir, and was expelled from the I:onse of Commons in 1677. Ile was not expell4 for being a Roman Catholic, but for being. a p ap k i recusant convict. Therefore, 110%111 to that penal, the Reformation hail not excluded Rotnan Catholics I from sitting in the Parliament. At the time *b t u it s 13th of Charles the Second was passed, he was sip , peeted of being a Roman Catholic, and his presuinp. Cite successor notoriously professed that faith. Now, here there was danger, and therefore bad the Art bee. passed, not as a test, but for the purp..ses of exclusion, Ile might be asked, why was it not afterwardsrepeaw? lie would answer, because a recurrence of dangerwas ap. prehentled. The fear of Popish ascendancy was hangin g over the country for a considerab:e period, aml operat e d as Bishop Burnet said, to continue the restrictians upon the Boman Catholics. There were one or two facts, not, as he believed. generally known, which he would take the liberty to read. In the Gth of Anne, an Art was passed appointing certain Comm:ssioners, iu whidt a clause wits introduced. disabling them Irma giving their support to any measure for repealittg the Act of Uniformity. It was pro p osed also to introduce into that Act a clause far disabling them is a like wanner from c.susenting to a meal of the 13th of Charles 11. They next came down to the Cable, at which vine it was exiiressly agreed that that Act, to gether ss ith the Text Act, should remain in forested( Ilse Parliament of England should tske the subject into its cirisideration. Subsequently, at the Irish Union, the same stipulation was untie : and now he called upon the House m discharge its betesdest duty, by coming to that consideration. Ile railed upon it, upon all the principles which bad been ay.swell by Pie, fry Ei.x. by Sheridan, by IVindhani, and by all the great names whose spirits had buoyancy enough to bear them down the stream of time. lie appealed to theut whether lie had not triumphantly rebutted all the objections tehich had beets hitherto thrown wit against the measures which be proposed. When he saiiltriumpliantly, lie coalitisut imply a iyipersonal feeliags of triumph, for lie could not look round bins without thinking of the friends which be bad los+, sieee he last haul the honour of delivering his sentiments upon the present question. nese was alr. S. Whitbread, the steady sentinel if t .e ro k's rights—the ininaatured splendour whirls was bursting from the public and private virtues of Sirs. ttomilly—the lamented Mr. Pousitsby, the Mewl alike of the Crown and of the people—the drawing geniis of Mr. Homer—the sound constitutional doctrines of Sir Arthur Pigott, and that pattern of what aristocra cy should be, Mr. Elliott. When he considered that they were still as if walking in the funeral procession of those great men, be could not Mingle any thing like feelings of triumph with the solemn discharge A lull duty. He now came to a part of the sehjeet which would leave the whole imperfect if it were is .t toadied upon. There were many respectable people who thought there were 'measures dangerous to the Coati tutiou likely to grow out of the present proposal.. If he, for one, were of that opinion, he could ot.lr sae, that dear to his heart as was the subject now bike the (louse, he would abandon it at once. Therefore it was that he implored the house to consider the pre sent question coolly and dispassionately. When he recollected the oprosition which lie was prepared lowa from the. Right lion. Alemi,er for Oxford. Ile expected all those early prejudices which had bees im bibed by the Right Honourable (tenth-man. It might probably be said the Church was in danger; and really if he were asked the question, he could not cooseleoh onsly say the Church was not in danger.—(llear, bear. hear !)-llut time danger lay in the foundation; fa the narrowness of the basis. 'the people were not connect ed with the State.—(Cheets.)—lt might be asked, toe. that admitting the danger, where was the protection be alfordsel if they adopted this measure ? He world answer, that every safety would be ensured by its adop tion, which would be uncertain by its rejection. be would confidently affirm that there was no danger Let such as he had stated. There were &age's, he admitted; but some were unfounded, and many were exaggerated. large majority of the people of Ireland were of a religion different from the State, and )et that ma jority contributed to the *rapport of the Established Church. They were necessarily in rotetunsis with the Church of Rome, and therefore were not connected with the State. And yet, by an anomaly in the (t o me. went, many of those persons were substatiti:dly admitted into potter ; they were admitted un the serurity of r oaths imposed by the Government. lie great inajosity were rejected, not so much by the voce of reasons, by the arm of power ; while some of theist were in the pus.. ...ion of privileges held by oaths, laic% it was ar gned email not hind them. The Right lion. tientlemin argued, that if those persons were true to their they would attempt to subvert the present es.ablisiesece. and probably they would attempt it. What then aro the wisest course to be taken by the beeislatnre? They were bound to prevent sus it a subversion, by grin , . ing a just concession : and for this th e y were jo.- titled in precedent by the Scottish Cisme. aimlitawt a ti s ie tr a t i t i ti . :l: .r a s t io tl n ie olflotilstieanprCeasetlalie present est is a r id s b ound isiiness t .. it was their duty to attempt the destruction of his r eli g ion. If this subverts lye spark remained in his bosom, it was their duty to extinguish it; for the presieut prieri of intuleration rebounded upon enrich-es. Bet lie denied that they pearlised any such spirit. The IVO% lion. Gentleman opposite insist know that the Scoui- 1 . 3 precedent was an argument in favour of the Cat' Ole Claims; for it was a fundamental principle of the lags of the empire. And in truths, the Roman Cathislie taro inure thought of disturbing those laws than Ise thiroglil of depriving his neiehliour of Isis property; and lie wisely preferred Protestant ascendancy with s..enriirs to Catholic ascendancy with danger. lie would rsk upon what authority it was that this stigma had hero branded upon the Roman Catholic ? What had thr *mid Sr written, or done to warrant it ? But the Right Hoe. Member opposite said he was bound to exclude the Hu . of their lwi. l it man Catholics upon the princiul to all the feelings of human 1111. aro. He ( ['Hinkel could nut fitsii in the %ohmic of human nutette isny which railed upon the ltomnn Catholic to surrender Is'a conscience and his reason. merely that his priest might gain a mitre. Indeed the Right lion. I ientlemall cote much nsistouk the nature of man in niaLie.: such aq ae sertiosi ; far the Constitution was always us tile wo ear cure by being made generally beneficial to 'hose d liked under it. s lli s . h o wever, fie rem( in his nu, ce.tire: lie read ths? if a DM were fr 1111 l constitutional henelits, el% because lie entertained vertasaisrAi.ian't 7~ ... ..... .• • - . 4,................. -........... .1 0 P' .. f.... ' ... • . • t r - issmiggigool