The Statesman. — London, England, 1821-03-07 00:00:00

&unity of •indicating his claims to Viet which he justly deserved. Mr. 0. RENNET said, it was Mighty that the • It of Sir W. Adams's examination at the letter of the Duke of York, together other documents on this subject, should a Committee of that Honse, to enable to a correct judgment of the merits of SI concurred in the propriety of referring )ject to s Committee. )RANT, bad moved for iCoormittee two ith a view of investigating the u hole of and he was satisfied that, if that Com been granted, the country would have bees • expences which had since been incurred lalmic Institution. ItOUSSON raid, be believed the opinions lams were at variance with those of the ‘ry Staff of the Medical Department of the words in explanation, from Mr. F. Lewis, • was ordered. COMMERCIAL DISTRESS. :NETT presented a Petition from the Clo lothworkers in the Connties of Gloucester It complained of the universal adoption .ry, and prayed that fines might be im- Masters employing Machinery, or such afforded as :o the wisdom of the House meet.—Ordered to lie on the table and to AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS. • ';E presented a Petition from Occupiers of 'he Coonty of Hereford, complaining of Distress.—Ordered to he printed. ENNET gave notice, that he would move ttee to inquire into the state of the Op _ltution, to-morrow. GOOCH postponed his motion for a Committee ato the Agricultural Distress. NAPLES. 'ILSON wished to put a qnestion to the opposite, upon a subject of great national He could assure the Noble Lord and the t, in putting this question to the Noble , as actuated by no hostile feel all ings to the Naples. Ile begged c the Noble )tion to a paragraph in a Letter from Sir to the Duke de Gallo, dated Naples, Feb. had appeared in the public Papers. It the English Government would interfere with the affairs of Naples, unless such inter ould be rendered indispensable by any per , nor danger to which the Royal Family exposed. Such being the language of the inister's official note, he wished to ask the under what circumstances the neutrality was to be violated ; and whether, in the to Neapolitans deeming it necessary to take .rea against their Sovereign, that neutrality entirely broken, and this count. - r to become an active and zealous Ally of tlw Holy Fra- Stich was, certainly, the necessary inference dile Lord sanctioned the terms of the Letter. :ASTLEREAGH said, the only observation felt it necesaary to make on this occasion if the Hon. Member thought fit to call for metier of any documents, it was competent to love for them, and to state to the House the of his motion. WILSON declined making any motion. DE THE HOUSE AND WINDOW DCTIES. lABEItLY rose to bring forward the mo which he bad given notice, for the Repeal of ies on Inhabited Houses and Windows. He .aid, lie said, that in addition to the difficulty ,hject, he rose under some disadvantages, be might he supposed by some Gentlemen to in with another, the importance of which he was ly ready to admit. He could assure the Hon. 's for I . 4uffolk, Kent, and Surrey, that he had Isis motion with a view to the relief of the taral distresses, and be trusted lie should have mcnrreace in the measure which lie was about repose. It was not his intention to call upon his ;yes Ministers for the repeal of those or at y other , without offering a provision as an equivalent, it provision which, he contended, was capable ig successfully administered was economy. He lie should satisfy the House before lie sat down economy might be enforced to a much greater es than had been bithertoattempted, and that by a vi- Tons and practical application to it, the public expentli light he reduced to the amount of at 1ea5t3,00 0,990 . admitted on all hands, that Qte distresses which pressed upuu every class of society, called loudly for species of Parliamentary relief. It was alms itnpdssiltle that the people could continue to :he seine amount of taxes under the burthen of ch they were now suffering.—Both the agricults and the trading classes were now actually paying ,es and rent out of their capital, and not out of • pro fi t which they derived from th eir property ese le. Under such circninstances, the House was d to take into its most serious consisleratioes. titer, by the application of a system of ecostowir the public expenditure, some degree of relief might mot be afforded to the distresses of the people? "afore they could, however, be properly enabled le i • any general view on this part of the subject, it lid be important to advert to the actual state of finances, not only now, but at some former period. would appear that in the year 1792 the expense of war which preceded the late war, that Mr. Pitt ;n thought himself jnstitied in fixing our establish ents Gs a scale that bad no reference to a war ex penditure. lie then began actually to relieve the •ountry from a part of the debt contracted during the Ir. He (Mr. Maberly) would now state the revenue expenditure of 1792. He would in the first place, lieever, submit to the House a statement of the ways id means, as compared with the supplies of the year ,nt9, chiefly for the purpose of showing how easy it was to furnish such an account that should at once .onvey a clear view of the whole subject. The sup 'ire were estimated at— .eammoo Army Navy *.1111114110 (Misuser UNA , Miscell ane ous Services 19.113.11011 Right., Food es Esebeoset Sills 414,000 law..* as Bs *K tb %MAO e reoloitstio• Of t S oecosets drawn of is this that would be necessary, details contained in the finitiee report. Let them now look at the Income and charge, and then afthe ays and Means of the same year. The income frosthnt the sth of January , is the y ear 1820, to the of January, 1821, was 46,120,578/. Is. 10Id. The charge was 46,549,905/. 18s. sfd. leaving a defi ciency of 429,327/. 16s. V. The supplies estimated were what he had just enu merated. To meet these charges the following Ways and Means were provided Annual Malt Duty ................. • 13.000.000 E xc ise Duties.... • .. . .. ....... 300.000 Lottery ..... . .......... 20 2-1t1,9 000 00 Old Stores .............. t ........ , 0.0IX).0 00 . Deficiency ofWays anti Means to meet Supp li e s voted ................ 14.1'23,300 Here, then, was a net r-venue of six million to meet an expenditure of twenty millions. Now, it was to be observed here, that the nominal amount of the sinking fund was 16,864,763/. which, together with that of Ireland, 646,000/. made up a total of 17,511,763/. Deduct from this the deficiency of r_Nenne, and the only real sinking fund would he seen to amoun t to 2,558,125/. for the year la2o. Nownis , although the Cha ncellor of the Exchequer should prate the correctness of some of these accounts, the docnntent itself would still show with what ease and simplicity such a statement might he made out. lie should now proceed with his second statement, which related immediately to the ivil and million- government of the country. Its amo unt was 19,313,300/. IV ithont including any of the funded or unfunded debt, !wry was a fixed, permanent. and necessary charge, by re ducing which they hail at present the slightest prospect of lessening the public distress. In time account laid on the table of the reductions made in the Department of the Ordnance, credit was taken for 125,00t 1 1. for the sale of old stores, and annexed to the reductions. This ought not to he done, because the old stores were, in fact, public property, and the sale could 'lot render them more so. There were some other points with respect to which he could not affirm the accuracy of the ac count ; anti he thought the Irish life annuities and the Russian loan should hove been excepted :is incidental and uncertain charges. The charge for the Civil oo vernment of Ireland was estimated upon the anthoritY of the last accounts which were received, and amount ed to 576,215/. 13s. 4.1. The quarantine and pac ket ket establishment amounted to 114,163/. 175. 7!,41.; it was not clear whether this was paid out of time gross or net revenue, whether it remained in the Treasury of. went out again. The lion. Member then went through the other reduced heads of the expence of our civil and military government, showing, as he went along, the most advantageous manner in which they m ight be severally abstracted. He came then to refer to the establishment of 1792. In that year Mr. Pitt made an estimate of income and expenditure, includ ing permanent and animal duties upon an average of four years precediog. The income he estimAteil at 16,212,01 1 01.. and took the supplies in this form Supplies inteaost and management of funded debt 1),:k4.140 Civil List and charge; on consolidated (and 1,00,1 34 1,200,1100 Reduction of debt 15,719,u0 0 leaving a balance of 43,000/. for the further retitle• Lion of the debt. lie might here observe, that in estimating the amount of outstanding debt, it alway b e s appeared much less than it *tinnily was. When found it called 31,000,001 1 /. at present. he should say that he considered it rather as 46,1100,000/. It might be the one on the 4th of January, and the othcr on the Sib, when the divid ends were paid. !ii was therefore an omission, as it left sink •n the actual amount of the charg... An accetint of the change which this y-ar took place in the Sinking Fund was also omitted. The Funded Debt of tireat Hritain.avas sow 1301,500,600/. The fourth subject of comparison was that of the expense of the Civil and Military Go vernnient at the two periods. Ireland e was at that time separate ; but without including the charge of governing her as a separate kingdom, the whole e pense under this bead was, 4,12:1,000/4 1,500,0001. of which was derived from the annual taxes, and charged on the consolidated fund. The whole charge on account of Ireland was 1,200,0001. 'The joint charge now was 19,313,0001., which, after allowing for an increased charge of collection, and a variety of subsequent establishments, left the general charge 7,714,490/. Our expense was, therefore, doable its amount in 1792. But our army was also ildnbled it was true. The Right Hon. Hentleman would .say that \many fresh charges hail arisen, and that our establish ments hail been greatly increased. Onr whole chars;' was now 26,972,L0N., whilst in 1792 it was 7,714,491 V. What could justify an increased charge of 19,159,07/. .1f (with Ifiuk TO be kept with the public cretiitor.they must by tot* means reduce the public expenditure. That this was practicable he was convinced. Very great savings might be made in the collection of the Revenue. Some articles of Excise might be sub jected to a duty at a per centage which would cause a saving of 20/. percent. It was true a (i? , Ettaission hail been appointed, composed of persons of the highest inte grity ; but all the advantages which :night be realized had not sprung from their exertions. A Committee of that House would have carried more authority wigs it, and would have been less subject to influence than a cuoinsissiou appointed by the Crown. He mast now remark in the sixth view of this question, that the re port of the Finance Committee of lbl7, or rather the Right Honourable the Chancellor of the Exclieqtter himself, had then held forth the promise of very large reductions. That Committee might say that they al ways contemplated the maintenance of our full foreign and domestic security. They might guard themselves in this way against the reproach of haviug held out vain hope,: but it became that House nut so to guard itself.—(Cries of •6 Hear, hear, hear.") —It bad been promised by the Committee that, even with additional Ii viruses, a reduction on the total might be expected. By economy alone could relief be afforded to the revelry, or any effectual step taken to satisfy the Pe %Wooers who crowded to them from all classes in the kingdom. He thought the public were entitled to ex pect that the estimates should be reduced within 17,000,0001.—(Hear.) —The Right lion. Headman might to give the country credit tot the reduction in . trticles necessary the year 1817 .wo periods there ..... ..se prices of etortething like 30 per sent IL in forming his eitisuate,s, he did net sake into account this important differenee, and give the public the be nefit of it, he was, in fact, spending move than he ought.—(l-isear.)--He was aware that in estimating this difference, some consideration should be had to the circumstance that all the money was not laid out in stores ; but unquestionably a part was, and a large iptantite of thither, cordaee, hemp, and sail articles, m ust still be bought fo r the public.service. When the reduction in the prices was taken into se count,he thought the estimates n ow standing at 17,000, 000/. ought to be reduced within 16,000,000/. If to this were an nexed a saving of 2 per cent. in the collection of the revenue, another million would be saved to Cie coun try. He did not meats to specify with precision actual sums, but he thought that some essential saving ought to take,place, and he pointed out the departtaents in which it could be practically realised. He repeated it was to economy alone that he looked for any effec tual measure of national relief. He would put it in ano ther way how the present systetn of taxation bore upon the public. The property tax, it' he recollected right, was laid upon 150,000,000/., which he then assumed to have been the income of the country at the period of that tax. lie was of course aware that the national income must have been much reduced since that period : lie was therefore prepared to assume that it was now not 150,000,000/., but 120,000,000/. Ile intimated that the gross taxes of the country bore upon its gross income in the proportion of 45 and a half ia.r cent. Of that 45 and a half per cent. he estimated a 2 anti a half per cent. were fur the expenses o • the civil and military government of the country, land 23 per cent. to pay the interest upon the national debt. Of the latter he slid not contemplate any reduc tion ; so that it was out of the fortner--out of the ci vil and miltary government expenditure, that the re ducti in must be made. It was true that the consumer paid the general taxes, but he admitted that that was not the case in a g riculture. —(llear.) tie admitted it, because he knew that the price of the bushel of corn was the same in 1790 that it was in l2'o. In the month of December of each year the price was precisely the same. Agriculture was, therefore, placed in the situation of beinf obliged to sell its corn at a low price, and yet at the same time bear all the great increase of direct and indi rect taxation of the late years affecting it, with the advance of rent also incurred within the last 30 years —(bear, hear); so that agriculture had now to pay the %dole accumnlation of burdens imposed upon it sine,: 1792, out of its capital. That, he thought, could nut b.. denied. He knew it to be true in the county in which he chiefly resided ; for there the agriculturalist could not pay his rates and taxes ex cept out of his capital.—(Hear, hear.) —If it was in vain t, attempt alfordino any relief to one class by an ads:owe of price, without repressing another, he cou ld see no relief for the community, except the government tiere conducted upon principles of the most rigid eennomy.--(llear.)—lle was one of those who was ready to support the public credit at ail hawara• 1 thnt irrna n nntinss4l . bond to which they were bound to adhere, and the faith coy which nothing short of s convulsion ought to shake.--(hear, hear.) He had heard with great regret certain opinions now and then dropped in that House, which went to tolerate an interference with the national faith ; but he totally dissented from such opinions.—(Hear , 1 hear.) —Ile thought it a touch better security for the fithilholder to have the people satisfied, than to have an additional million added to the sinking find. In delivering these sentiments he was actuated by no pri vate feeling, for he wonlil not in the event of any ebange in a dministration seek office: be had, there fore, no personal interest in the result, and was alone induced to take the step he had taken by a sense of public duty. Ile had heard a rumour that a retrench- , went to the amount of one million was likely to he ef fected. lie thought that insufficient, and was of opi nion that if the present administration could not con. duct the affairs of the country at a more economical rate, they ought to resign their places to competent successors, who were ready, with every regard to the public security, to do the linsiness of the nation upon more advantageous terms for the people. He saw around him many agricultural gentlemen, whose votes he was entitled to expect if they were sincere in the wishes they expressed fur public relief. nilloped also to have the votes of such members as sincerely de sired to conciliate the people. He hoped alike, to bare the support of the advocates for maintaining in violable the public faith. He concluded by apologis lor; to the house for the time he had occ upied i n mak ing his statement, and by immuring them that Isis sole object was the lir( ))))) aim* of the public good. —(Loud cheers.) —Ile then inured the fullosting re -1 , siouti , ons : That the Finance Committee appointed by this house, having stated in their 4th report, on the sth of June, 1517, that the estimates for the supply of the year ISIS were as follow:—For the army, e,590,000/.; the navy 6,000,0001.; the ordnance I,lmmwo l . ; and the miscellaneous 1,700,0041/.; making a total of 17,350,00 W ., and that the supplies for the year Ib2o exceeded those for lelS by the sum of 1,963,300/. ; it is therefore expedient that the sup plies for IS2O should not exceed those fur the former years." The Honourable Member stated that it was his in tention to propose followin r ; up the resolution by a motion for a reduction of 50 per cent. upon all duties on inhabited houses and windows, front and after the sth of January next ; thus giving a year's intervention before the change could operate. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER rose, and said it appeared to !kiln very extraordinary that the Ilonourable Dentleutau should have closed his elaborate observations by proposing a reduction in duties upon which alone he did nut touch in the very ample details he bad given of the general taxation of the country. The Honourable Lieut. bad grounded his speech upon a comparison of the expenditure be tween the last year stud 1791. It would be lemon'. beret! that the expenditure of the year 1792 was the very lowest which bad beta estimated since the period of the Ansetioan war. Indeed so low had it bees framed at the beginning of the year, that before the close of it iir. Pitt found the estimate insullicient, an.i a larger stun became necessary. (it (as here ob served by several taembers on the °petition benches . I a ptr h era t ara an o g o use ns n f ta or ti w oLloh is p e la s ee dni i i n tre c ti onstei tha u t enna , e of the year some increased precaution ary sures were deemed desirable, and also some p r lions for armaments were consideted dth r oe e f al e pe xtipi r e: _ ase : The lion. Member had estimated the total ' year 1 f".lditelissa7wnidaesi4h7leopha'airdile"lnttalitklhTe for list d l9 ili 3 e r i e 3 nc 3 : o ll. l l; lecting the revenue of the country at the two I . Ic7rChtlamdstgaSlSlCaell,etdoisatavioeidthinagt,thwehgeren great e di a ff d erence d bet - ' „ it tr t eillasnwi o a u s u n t e o c f es c s o a l r l i e i c y ti o n e g es t s l i w on r e e a re b u v uea tht ,t g r re t t r h i a l e t a t e w is sum e ye l pe. l a l l o ta tile. t e i n o rt n ia: o ind f the san bo,s evo a em m t ph o na u rt t a t hho t : afi t yvh o eeteh h cest e auttraoc c uttu o thce l ika l e ,ic ih.no t i e nes tl tßwceia s f:rns t iiifi o pmoesi n : e il,:ast: l theed, o t f a t o„.. : 7:: a fallacy ; for he ought to have wen that ho ar t e l o te rre d; t :a he o s n h o ‘ u v l i t i l ic estimates that part of the expenditure whi c h was created by the war ; for instance, there was u i n . crease on that account of upwards of 5 tlae ever . , ~ upon the pension list, and 500,0 00 1. more, or t i irri . abouts; under similar heads, created in the amt 1 „, ncr. When these indispensable deiltictions ogee ura d a to correct the data, it was true there wonld remain 1 an expenditure of about double the amount of that I estimated in 1792. He had already explained the i e . practicable reduction attempted in the estimates if that year. When be bad to account for the esens since that period, need lie remind the thruserilde Uentleman that there were nineteen additiesil colonies to be defended now more than there we ts in 1792, and of course an increased charge at hone, arising out of colonial casualties ? It was qaite im possible to undertake the management of public affairs at so low an estimate as e.t.a attempted to be acted upon in 1792. The lion. Gentletaan had, alt o . gether overlooked the accumulated charge which hod becom: fixed and imperative he the half.par aid i pensiun list, as !tell as the increase of the public debt. The Hon. tientletuan had adverted to what he termed a rumour, that in the next year a saving of sheet 1,000,000!. was likely to take place in the emits! ,public expenditure of the country. Ile was happy is have it in his power to verify this rumour, and he had the satisfaction to state that the house woad pereein when the estimates for 1:421 were laid before them (which he hoped would le. very shortly,) that the e c . Iluction in this estimates for the public expenditure et Ib2l as compared with that of 1920, would ammo to considerably more than 1,00i 1 , 1 410!. sterlieg.— The Honourable lieutleuian had made a material erne When he assumed that the produce of Intent 14,000,0001. and 15,000, 1 00. property -tax had been estimated or collected from a national income of 150,000,000/. In that he was entirtly mistakes, for the returns upon which the amount of that tasted been assessed exceeded an income of 200,1100,010. As to the taxes which the Houourable °endorse pro- posed to reduce, he seemed to be sensible of their im portance, when, instead of a total repeal, he proposed merely a reduction of une half. Why was this pm .ticttlar tax selected ? It was the chief ready money tax upon which the government hail to rely, and the great produce of it was paid by the hither of.teri, and came directly into the public Treasury. lie could assure the house that the nt most pains wen now ta!sing to reduce the expense of coilecting the re. venue in all its branches to the lowest possible teak Already, in the management of the customs, it wise of 130,000/. a year had been e ff ected ;--(llear, hot.l and further redactions were in progress. The Hen Vent. had said that if the present °overtime* taste not prepared to conduct the affairs of the Omit! upon a lower scale, they ought to give way tolethen of more diligence, intelligence, and economy, eie would undertake the task upon chea p er terms • fir his own part he could not consent to retain m his eire upon the estimate o f 1792. That others ight se dertake it on those, or indeed any other terms, he ire no t prepared to deny. Political charlatans mall ever be wanting for supplying. e ffi cee 'l in this Neer! upon ;soy teems, high o r low.—(A laugh.)---111 W no doubt that when the lion. Gentleman put sp lii lk seals of o ffi ce at his D utch auction, he wo uld get ders enough to do the duties. Stich persons as Hof and Carlile would be found reads' enough to 611 Are on much cheaper terms than the duties weft it" charged at present. In his view it ties quite wei to Cullber to any resolution upon the subject at pretest. before the estimates were take, into consitienn w. is Hitherto melt had been said of deficiencies Ow revenue; but it was Row found that by moderate 5 minty it would greatly exceed the expenditsar (Hear, hear.) —allowing even a considerable redesign' of times, with all due care of the rights of the pelk creditor.—e(liear, bear.) ---He had Of le II been wawa of taking satiorulae views of the state of the reallisr! affairs of the.kingdoni; but he was MA SO sane * as to recommend all the redections the Hon. Mook l , Iheiadiosesughgwest;etl.w Aihogrodadvnaaalstailin:ioinuttihoen;ofbtilitceincredireeuld. He conch/dal by moving the previous (wi helavisg _ The reisolation and the amendment heel read front the chair, Mr. CALCRAFT expressed his thanks to the tio c y c :t i ro r : f ‘ i v i i7b E w ilc hit eti h tither things, he bad said that he and his friendlies" aet of wee 15 ' quit their o ffi ces the twouteul say -- - , _ ~ u h e e r b f a o d r . ittlete.tvedaritoitim: H p . I , e u a s v r a . st mase,tj e l e tt lowa mere competent, or possessing more ; ho w l ; deuce of the eseantrv. He (Mr. Calera° ap theft Hie life of that man must be a long illeirbsbie should live to see the Jay when the Right lielfse r ! () a t h n e a d a t i t ki t h h al a e t r t w h i e e n y r st e gnitidst cceinitipeeigroteusEistsocaa:lll:tht:inntbgel::soiciscia 5n5".600.1:: 4nleorabletfihernP"tlemPlean.-4hatill people . --.tim i Tt ettl l . P l e ' s o 'i r e lliltit : ld afi ltbal_ ti f: :; : ": l , leans striving among themselves who c , the country at the least possible e‘Pegme-4._astai cheaper rate than the Whiee. How 1• 0 11714 I l V lo h n l . gs ti b en et t o ? me li s e o ( C hl "rl.eitC% when the Chancellor of the Exchequer hinny f ' ' tratiosoffhoo very active secretary ander the alluonts ._ ~. ' l l c l b r a l e fO i i et (vemryr.lclfalskigrea--(foluletabr„adambdreslaszlitittit..nr,t)--ed :ton'bdireaseuinit:ol::hor— ble office under them, awl hail condesee rod 00 16.6" them the high favour of his E.' _ tr i i m leo . Whigs with political charlattn . .. ~ has . as now, thought most esemline (Cheers.) --He bad oover at O. . 4 1 1 .1 f t bw i 0 , e l: i s :10..c.iostr , ithat the result o' *War Office, a le i *with. sU the oti ) 11 be laid before a them to come the question. • Sir C. LONG ' the whole subje [ Mr. J. P. OR years ago, With this subject, at usittee had beet saved all the e: by the Oplitha 4 Sir R. PEW of Sir W. Mai f whole Military ii Amy. • After a few' the Account w C• Mr. RENE . I shiers and Cl. and Wills. I of Machinery 1 / posed upon I other relief a I ' might seem to be printed. Al Mr. PRICI Land in thi Agricoltural Mr. 0. BE fur a Commit thalmic Insti' Mr. 000( to inquire ini Sir R. WI Noble Lord a importance. IlAnne, that, Lord, he was i 5.- ' ritually of IN • L.all's :mem W. A'Court 1 11, which 1 s sited, that in no way u r i Urence Amu • .anal insult i ;I ' might be ex liiitish 31in Nol:le Lord, , 4 of England • e vent of the . .. any mea , itri 4 was to be e f .rthwith a 1 • ..; ; t..rnit!, 1: the Nubl iLord CI I 4 • which he f was, that i ` \ , « t!te praduc F m Lim to n grounds o Sir R. ' REPEAT, Mr. M A 1 ; ti'n, of 11 t! c Dutie i was afrai 1 •ef the sat t - cause it n - , tt.rfere w , 1, perfectly M:mhert .V fran•ed li , agricnitt 5 their cot I , ... (1 Majesty' I .I:ties, 11. 11 1 : the .i .Iti tr word ti-at ee tent the gUrOUS t•: •e ink 1 It was O s 1 i e set, I,ttrly ray th which ral an taxes any pi 1 . 1 i trade. bound li i i i 1 1 , .. :g.. " worth to th , snighl ,for take wont oar 6 It we ! the then menl pend coon It and • hour and lost was con 1 . %. 1 pl;e 1 ‘ ' !! ~ lll t: N ' r i' i \ A upnpowgEmm•—P--------------_ _ • ~ - • STAT NtAN. . --- it reputation form would give much facility to every Ilogourthble he prices ta lIT Member in getting at the entire charge on each year ditthre between lily desirable respectively. To refer to sash a document wa. all Between the tr • -,_. ~.....1,1 it* neeessarr4 Instead Of the voluminous those prices of - - -,-- ...... forming his es • .......... . for the public Otveti- tint aml the iltestit time. the 1 was a difference in close __ . imlo7l ll lona of it a& d i e lary e rg . PrePam —(Hear.) a for tile t yen afitlietts Ise of ed. F.& periods moiffilNid ~~.~'-_•y.~