The Statesman. — London, England, 1821-01-26 00:00:00

41 I i 1 ' i . 1 I I • 1 i i 1 l '. • ; ib i ( . I 1 , 1 1 I ' v . r I I o i ; i I ' I .. . 11 1 11 : : . 1 • 1 .: , • 1 ) 1 i ~, ,Ia cessful on a late occasion. The Noble Earl must be aware that a certain Declaration had appeared in the Public Journals, purporting to be a declaration of the Allied Sovereigns at Troppau, addressed to the different Powers of Europe ; and among other places to which the document had been sent, the Senate of Hambnrgh was particularly mentioned. The paper mated, " That the overthrow of the order of things in Spain, Portugal and Naples, had necessarily excited the cares and uneasiness of the Powers who com bated the Revolution, and convinced them of the ne cessity of putting a check on the new calamities with which Europe was threatened. That the same prin ciples which united the great powers of the Continent to deliver the world from the military despotism of an individual lensing from the Revolution, ought to be set against the revolutionary power which had just de veloped Itself. The Sovereigns assembled at Tropp's' ventured to hope, that they would attain their object, and they would take for their guides, in this great enterprise, the Treatise which restored peace to Eu rope, and have united its nations together." The Paper further stated, that, "As the system to be fol lowed had no'other foundation than Treaties already existing they had no doubt of the assent of the Courts ci Paris and London." How far the conclusion of this Paper was consistent with the other parts of it, it was net his intention to discuss, any more than the principles upon which the Declaration was founded. The Allied Sovereigns assumed the right of interfering with the affairs of others nations, as founded upon ex isting Treaties, to which the Courts of Paris and Lou don were parties, and upon that assumption was founded a confident expectation that the measures now adopted by the Allies would have the assent of those Courts. He wished to know from the Noble Earl whether that paper bad been communicated to him, and whether the expected concurrence of the Court cf London in the measures of the Allied Sovereigns was authorised by any conduct on the part of this Uovernnient ? _ The Earl of Li VERPOOL said, he had not the least difficulty in answering the question of the Noble Earl. The piper to which he referred was, he believed, an incorrect copy of a real paper which did exist. How ever, he had no difficulty in stating, in the first F:sce, that there were no treaties of the nature alluded to in that paper. In the next place, he was able to aa'ure the Noble Earl, that the Court of London was EL) party to any proceedings now in progress with re- Urence to Naples. In consequence of a paper, similar to that referred to by the Noble Earl, a paper had been addressed by this Government to the different Powers of Europe, which he should have no objection to lay before the Hoare. That paper would explain the whole policy punned by this Oorernmeat with refer ence to the affairs of Naples. He repeated, that he had not the slightest objection to the production of that document, though lie could wish, as a matter of con venience, that the Noble Earl would not move for it that evening. Earl fi RE Y expressed himself perfectly satisfied with t!.;.- answer of the Noble Rarl. He certainly should rot move for the production of the paper to-night, after what bad fallen from the Noble Earl, but be hoped that it would be speedily laid before the House ; and be confidently expected, from the sourer of the Noble Earl, that that paper would contradict the in ferences drawn by the Courts of Petersborgh, Berlin, and Vienna ; and show that they bad no right what ever to count upon the co-operation or assistance of this Government. The Earl of LIVERPOOL bad no difficulty in as swing the Noble Earl. that the paper he had referred to would give a complete contradiction to any in ferences, calculating upon the assistance of this Government. There were some arrangements which prevented its immediate production; but he should be ready to lay it before the House in the course of the next week. Til E QUEEN. The Duke of BEDFORD presented a petition from the County of Bedford, praying for the restoration of her Majesty's name to the Liturgy, and the resti t:ttion of all her rights and dignities, and al.•i for a complete change in the system of Government. In presenting this petition to the House, he wished to s.►y a few words in explanation of what was meant by a complete change in the system of Government. They wished for • system of rigid economy and re trenchment, instead of a system of prodigality and corruption, for a reform of the various abuses which had crept into the Government, and fur a system of justice, kindness, and conciliation, towards all classes of his Majesty's subjects. The Meeting was one of the moat numerous which had ever been held in the county, and the petition was carried with only two dissentient voices. Two most respectable individuals had entered their protest against it, and they were beard with that respect and attention which their manly conduct deserved, The Petition was ordered to He on the Table. Visconut ANSON presented a similar Petition from the City of Litchfield. He had received a Protest against it, which had been framed at a Secret Meet ing ; and be could nut but express his regret at ob s:•rving the names of nine Clergymen, at the head of whom teas the Deau of Litchfield, subscribed to a Pro test, of which the object was to exclude her Majesty from the prayers of the people. He was sorry to be compelled to say, that the conduct of the Clergy throughout the country had exposed that body to me rited reprobation. He had no hesitation in declaring that the Petition contained the real sentiments, and almost unanimous opinions of the inhabitants of the city of Litchfield. The Petition was ordered to lie on the Table. The Earl of CAKNARVON presented similar Peti tions from the Parishes of St. Maurice and St. Peter Colbach, in the City of Winchester. Ordered to lie on the Table. Adjourned till Wednesday next. HOCSE OF COMMONS. THE ADDRESS. The House met at a quarter before two o'clock, end the Speaker took the Chair woo alter. There was a large attendance of. Members; those who were in the Military or Naval Service were in, fall uniform, to attend the Speakatr to the King's Palace with the Ad dress. SUPPLY. On the voodoo of the CHANCELLOR of the EX• CHEQUER, It wM ordered that the Hesse do resolve TLIR STATFMAN. itself into a Committee of Supply to-nsoerow, ti eon- , eider his Majesty's Speech from the Throne. Lord George Beresford appeared at the Mir, lad informed the House, that be was commanded by his Majesty to acquaint the House, that he would be graciously pleased to receive their Address at half-past two o'clock. On the motion of the CHANCELLOR of the EX CHEQUER, the House then adjourned until to mor row (this day.) The Speaker left the House at ten minutes past two o'clock, and proceeded in his state-coach to Carlton Palace, to present the Address to the King, followed by Lord Castlereagh, the Cabinet Ministers, the Mover and Seconder of the Address, Le. The following is a List of the Majority on Mr. Wetberell's motion for Papers relative to the omission of her Majesty's name from the Liturgy : Hon. J. Abercromby, J. H. Allen, Wm. Astell, Vise. Belgrave, T. W. Reaumont, Jos. F. Barham, Henry Bar ing, Ales. Baring, J. M. Barrett, Hon. 11. G. Biomet, Ralph Bernal, Joseph Birch, Henry Brougham, Dom. Browne, Henry Bright, Sir F. Bori!ett. Visconnt Bury, T. F. Burton;Jos. Butterworth, John llaillie,John Be nett, Sr F. Bloke, W.F. B. Boikyhton, Sir). F. Bonghlty Lord W. BeNtinek, J. Balfour, J. H. Calcraft, John craft, Charles Calvert, Nic. Calvert, Hon. J. caii4el4 R. S. Carew, John Carter, Henry Cavendish, Capt. Clif ford, Viscount Clifton, Joseph Cripps, T. W. Coke, jun.' Sir I. Coen), N. R. Colborne, Lusius Concannon, O. Conssmaker, J. C. Cnnven, Thomas Creevey, Rob. CU loner, C. Dum's, T. H. Davies, W. Dickinson, Viscount Dencannon, I lou. T. fhintlas, Thomas Denman, William Dennison, Viscount Ebrington, Edw. Ellice, Hon. G. A. Ellis A. Farquharson, Sir R. C. Ferguson, Right Hon. M. Fitzgerald, Lord J. Fitzroy, Lord C. Fitzroy. Vise. ' Folkestone, Robert Farrow', Ben. Gasket', Hitilsoa Gur ney, Robert Gordon, J. R. O. Graham, Sandford Gra ham, Pascoe Orenfell, J. W. Griffiths, W. Holdintand, Lord A. 'Hamilton, Sir H. D. Hamilton, Hon. E. Har herd, Sir G. Heathcote, J. 0. Heathcote, Sir Robert He ron, Lord A. Hill, J. C. Hoblionse, Edw. Hamby, W. P- Honywood, Jos. Hume, Rt. Hu rot, J. P. Jervoise, Si r J. D. King, J. F. Kennedy, J. 0. Laisibton, J. H. La ngstose, T. B. Lennard, Sir. WI Lemon, S. M. Lloyd, Stephen Lush ington, Sir. J. Mackintosh, J. Macdonald, John Martin, Viscount Milton, J. B. Monk, Peter Moore, Abraham Moore, S. Marjorihanks. J. M.turyat. John Maberly, W. L. Maberly, Hon. S. Mahon, R. W. Newman, Right Hoo. Sir J. Newport, Lord Nugent, Arthur Onslow, Standish O'Grady, J. O'Callaghan. Win. Ord, Lord Ossulston, Colonel Palmer, C. F. Palmer, Sir henry Parnels, Henry Pierce, G R. Phillips, George Phillips, Wm. 'lamer, - lion. F. C. Ponsonby, Richard Power, Robert Price, Pryse Pryse, Hon. F. A. Prittie, Francis Prat, T. S. Rice, Sir A. Ramsey, Wm. Riskford, David Ricardo, Sir. M. W. Ridley, Abraham Roberts, Sir Geo. Robinson. Sir IV. Rowley, Charles Iturnhold, Lord John Russell, Surd Wm. Russell, R. O. Russell. J. C. RAMO den, Hon. Robert Smith, Simnel Smith, George Smith, Wm. Smith, Sir John S ebright, W. H. Scourfreld, James Scott, James Searlett, K. P. Scoilaniore. Earl of Sefton, Lord Stanley, Lord J. Stuart, Daniel Sykes, Sir John Shelley, R. W. Talbot, C. K. Tynte, Townshend, Marquis of Tavistock, M. A. Taylor, Right Hon. 0 Tierney, C. Tennyson, J. A. Warn-, Like White, C. C. Western, John IVliarton, W. 11. Whitbread, S.C. Whit bread, W. Wilkins, Win. Williams, Sir It. Wilson, M. Wood and M. Wyvill. Tellers—J. P. Grant, and Chas. Wetherell. NEETI4YO dr 011SNWICIL ... —.01.--. VIOLATIoN Or Tilt MOUT or IPETITIoN, •ND Tae RIOT ACT DEAD AT A rcoLic iItETIND WIT IN Dooms. Yesterday evening, pursuant to an advertisement very extensively circulated throughout the Hundreds of Oreenwich, Blackheath, Little and Lessem, the Inha bitant Hotneholders assembled at the Breen Man, for the purpose of addressing the Queen on her triumph over her unrelenting persecutors, and of Petitioning the House of Commons or her restoration to all her Con stitutional rights. As early as fire o'clock the great room was filled. True to the .lacohirrical principle. that the end sanctified the means, the enemies of the Queen had taken every preliminary step to :-..ture the success of the cause or social order and exclusive loy alty, by outrage, violence, and bloodshed. An anonymous letter was, daring the former day, circulated through the Hun dreds, denontwiug the ob ject of the Meeting. As an illustration of its virulent spirit, we insert the following paragraphs:— " Sir Thomas Wilson, of Charlton, and the Rev. Mr. Chamberlaytte, the Rector of the same place, are the avowed patrons of time treasure, and this alooe will be suffwieot to stamp the character and object of the measure. " It is possible that the neighbourhood may be insulted by the treasonable effusions of many who have neither property to risk, nor property to lose." In purmnance of this invitation. a knot of Platemen and Placehrmters, reinforced front the Hospital by men who did not appear to relish that kind of service, en tered the room at an early hour. They immediately raised a cry that the Chair should be taken by Mr. Wilson, the Magistrate who presided at the " exclu sively Ultra-Loyal Meeting." Shouts of dissent met this proposition from various parts of the room. Mr. Wilson himself declared that he would not take the Chair, as he was decidedly opposed tothe object of the Meeting. Mr. Wntrrut was called to the Choir by the ite'qui•' 'Monists. This respectable tradesman has been in debted, we understood, to the early patronage of her Majesty, for his prosperity in life, and with trtießtritish gratitude, by his manly conduct, proved that bet/Royal beneficence was not ill bestowed. Mr. 'Whittle said. he sought not the honour, but sooner than an neat should preside, he would obey the call. Mr. vine Clark. a Placentas), proposed Mr. lite East India Proprietor. Mr. Lowndesrefup to e the Chair, unless duly called to it by the ntajetity "-of the meeting. Mr. Clark then placed a chair or the table, and Mr. Whittle, called by time majority, immediately took, possession of it. The dogs of war were now unloosed, the chair was dragged from under Mr. Whittle; cries of " King, King, "Queen, Queen," resounded through the meeting, tables, not kingdoms. were subverted - - stools and Allies supplied the hostile armies; for ten' minutes the din of war prevailed—Rohen's laws were imperative. as every man either gave oe received a wound. The victory was, however, most decisive, as the rip motors of the outrage sad the euenalts of the Queen *ere driven in sad and disgraceful note from the teens. The Magistrate (Mr. William's) at length took an ele vated position in the 43aUery, and from thence read the Riot Act. The meeting, in the course of some done, se parated, but not until SO of the persons were takes into custody. MEETING OF ST. °mama, SQL"41111. HANOViII ADDRESS To TM* •NO PIITITI*II 10 Ilia NOM Of COMMONS. Yesterda a Public Meedag of s o fallibitsaito of the above Psti sn was held is the Urges 248111, Nipaoh of Vealsoa-yard, Lower Brook-street. to take lab mad decades the propriety of presenting a Coagratalatory . Address to her Majeisi ea the Mare of the DIU of Painsand Penalties, and to Petition the House of Com mons to discountenance any further proceedings against her Royal Peruses also for a Reform in Parliament. A flew militates after one o'clock, J. C. Hobhonse Esq., M.P., Peter Moore, Esq., M.P., and several Gentle men, entered the room, when the Chair was immediately taken by J. C. Hobhonse, Esq., amidst the acclamations of the crowd that had assembled in considerable num bers in the yard below, and whom the speakers ad dressed from the window of the room. The CHAIMMAN stated the object of the meeting in a brief speech, in the course of which he adverted to the late proceedings against her Majestr, and expatiated on the necessity of Parliamentary Reform. The Honour , able Member concluded, by entreating a patient bearing I for those gentlemen who inteaded to address them. Mr. P. Moons came forward, and after some abler ; rations moved a series of resolations, which, on bring seconded, were carried unanimously. An Address to her Majesty was next moved, when Mr. Nicholson pro posed, as an amendment, another &Woos, which, after a long discussion, was rejected, anti the original one carried. The Petition to the House of Commons was also agreed to; and thanks having been voted to the Chairman, the meeting broke up. NORTHAMPTON PUBLIC MEETIXO. A numerous and respectable Meeting of the inhabit ants of the tout of Northampton, was held on Tuesday the 16 h of January, at the Ram Ina, (in consequence of the Mayor having declined calling a public meet ing), for the purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of petitioning the House of Common•, to oppose all further proceedings against her Majesty the Queen. Gsonot PZACIi. Esq. in the Chair. A spirited resolution was neanimously agreed to, not only on the expediency of putting a stop to any further proceedings against her Majesty that might be proposed, but on the propriety of investing her Majesty with those dignities which are suited to her exalted rank in the State. and of instituting a rigorous in quiry into the Milan Commission. A Petition founded on this Resolution was also unanimously voted to be presented to the House of Commons; as was an other Resolution that it was expedient to address the King, praying him that he would be graciously pleased to dismiss his present Ministers from his Counsels. An Address to that effect was also carried, together with a request that Sir George Robinson, Bart. and William Leader Maberley Esq., the Mem bers in P..rliament for the Borough, to whom the thanks of the Meeting were voted for their Parlia mentary conduct daring the last Session. should pre sent the Petition and Address adopted. Thanks were also voted to the Editors of the Journals who had sup ported her Majesty's cause, to the Uentlernen who had signed the Requisition to the Mayor. and to the Chair man of the Meeting. The meeting was so crowded that hundreds who ap plied for admission u•culd not get into the room. The Address and Petition lay seven days for signatures, and obtained 1660 respectable names; while t►e mock loyal Address obtained, not 560, as was lately stated, by a typograpical error, but only 360. WEST INDIA DOCK COMPANY. ........,-. A meeting of the merchants, ship-owners. and traders of the metropolis took place yesterday at the City of London Tavern, fur the purpose of taking such steps as might be best calculated to avert the renewal of the charter of the West India Dock Com pany, at present under the consideration of his Ma jesty's ministers—" a amasser," as described by the requisition, "se injurious to the commercial pros perity of the port of London," and also `4 to secure those advantages which dm public are entitled to ex- pest at the expiration of the ' , silting charters of the several dock companies, from the establishment of a principle of fair and open competition, instead of the present system of monopoly and exclusive privilege." The meeting was very numerous, and highly respect able. On the 'maims ..f Mr. T. Wilson, M. P., Mr. Marryat, 111. P. took the Chair. The CUAIIIMAN then proceeded to state the objects of the Meeting, and the results of the different confe rences which bad taken place aids his Majesty's Mi ■isters respecting them. The question which the Meeting had to consider was, he said, most important, for if this charter were renewed to the West India Dock Company. the Charter of the Dock Companies must also be renewed ; and then the question would be whether they should go on with a fair and open competition, which was the spirit and lifrof commerce, or have to struggle against a system of monopolies which were only calculated to fetter the enterprise of the greatest commercial city in the world.--(Hear.)— He did not mean, for a moment, to deny that great advantages bail arisen from the establishment of such large companies as those to which be alluded, which could swot be expected under other circumstances. They did encourage the warehousing system by the increased security they gave to commerce. This was one of the advantages they proposed ; but as to an other that was promised, the lowering of the rate of shipping charges. they hall effected the reverse. The duties they imposed were so high as to prove intole rable in a time of peace, and in the circumstances in which the country is placed. As so instance, he referred to a case in which be himself was concerned. 1n 1810 he imported a cargo of 4,000 chests of sugar. Not finding a ready market for them, he kept them two years and a gleaner, in the warehouses of the Com pany, and for this warehousing be was charged a sank not less than from 1,40 W. to 1.400/.—(Hear, hear.)— • seta which would not be charged ia the wareboases of any other country of Europe; fur be was certain that for warehousing the same goods, for the same time, in any other country, the *large would not have exceeded 3001.; and if he were to have placed thee• la any of the up-town warehouses, the expense roald not have amounted to more than 4001.—(Hear, bear.) was impossible to carry on trade with such re strictions. His own trade. therefore la this respect, very considerably declined. And be Imew those who need to ship large quantities of British gouda ie British vessels to British ports, or of them was now settled is Prance, and now shipped the same goods in foreign vessels to fore* ports, Ibe having been deterred from lading to ibis Iport by the very high dock sad 'embossed's**. The same drawees* was visible is a great pare of oar trade with the Brasile. In fact, we saw our ships pass by oar awn ports and sarry their cargoes In ethers. Let the meeting look Io the private trade with India. of which so mach had beta salt s and from which as mach was very naturally expected at the time it w as opened, and they would find an immense decrease, e n , ed, be had no doubt, in a great degree by the I sra hk dock and warehouse duties the year 1918, th en , were engaged in the trade 192,000 tons of whipping, Is 1819 it was reduced to 61,000, and is 1920 14143 A" tons. In the American trade,also, we had to regret ar ea considerable decline ; and as to that carried on is ild e j fruit, the vessels land their cargoes as Soutt eaurilt rather than London. After stating the unfair 6 1. vantages thug obtained by the West India hock Co li . piny, to the injury of the trade and userchant s of L aw don, and the expediency of promoting the spirit at competition rather than of monopoly, th e H e Chairman proceeded to abew that this c0mp.3 1 6 was the more necessary now when there was moth s considerable falling off in our imports audexpatet In the year 1820, as compared with the precediai ltat there had been a falling off in our exports o f um h a : than ten millions,.and in our imports of not 1. 4 4 six millions. This of course showed a decline h ew manufactured goods: for be might say that-thsa r h our exports consisted of nine millions • eel t o ten of British manufactured good!, it 113$ p v . rally admitted that the increase on the mart& turgid article, as compared with the r ew in v er id . was as nee or eight to one ; se that shim increase on our export of ten millions was spe eet t aa 4 divided among different branches of our domestic U. dustry. Now, be would say, that if by a reda t it ea of the rates of dock duties the experts onold tie brought back to what they were in 1819, it wait cause an increase of about eight Wiliam away etr several manufacturing branches; and as near', . 4 fourth in value of what every mean consames falba way into the treasury in taxes of some kind or smoker, this would prove an increase of about 2,000,0001 a the revenue. This would he incalculably a ap t certain and colicarioas way of aiding the st e l a than that of advances to secure mottopoftes. fa t Honour.able Gentleman concluded a long aW luminous speech by expressing hit; hopes that his Is. jesty's Ministers would not comings such Winslow. sures, that if they were determined la do sa, Is gi u s e t be said, that they would be foiled in the NM* ity that the public spirit of the House of Comma tslllll give them a most effectual opoositioo —f- Mr. Wicson, M. P., moved the first reselnk which was seconded by Mr. J. Hackle. The= was proposed by Mr. Forbes Mitchell, aid by Mr. 'tures*: and the other resolutions were Ned and supported by several other gendensekvba dressed the meeting in a similar strain. Among the speakers were Mr. Riceards, JILL Hall, Aldermen Atkins and Brydges, Mr. F. X.. Mr. Frampton, Sir Charles Price, Hart.,Mr. Lyal, Holland, Mr. Larpent, Mr. H. Shaw, Mr. Benson, si Mr. Hawes. The resbitions were in substance ale duration of the evil effects of such monopolissla .he trade of London, and were all unanimously au Tied. A Petition founded upon them was also qui to. Thanks were afterwards voted to the amines 'offer which the meeting brake sp. , -- FUR ?H1 X 144 ?M' TO CENSOR. Sta—Altbeagh au answer may vat be alussisolt required to your letter (of the ISth), I will yet, is courtesy, condescend to reply. A vindicatios sf asp letter to Mr. Bathurst. may probably be deemed*. accessary by the public, hut I trust the ability yo have evinced, will plead an ample apology for aryls* duct. You have pronounced use to be amity would be diegracefol if it were true, and volt ass., knowledge you have been grossly libellous, sheold I prove your assertion to be false. Scurrility is fit accusation you lodge against guy character, sail di now eooHy examine with what truth it is 'appall& la the first place, yon most ao'y tax the pry of the signature I have selected, as though I bad* tacked the godfathers of Mr. Brugge Bathurst, the gsseenading pronunciation of his name ; ell equal consistency as yourself i codes* I alight bot done so. You commence this spirited awagllOS the following remarks :--" I am at a loss to eon/ " from what analogy of circumstances you bee " adopted the signature you assume. is it that fir " name of Virginias is intended to denote a eigh " performance? If so you are entitled to Goose lan " genre, and I will therefore not toe severely emir " the rod you have sortie for your own back, is air " take fur that of Mr. Bathurst." I here feel bound to thank you, Sir, for so leek* relinquishing the rod ; excuse say ingratitude, wheel question Sour opportunity to apply it. 1 shall merle liely dispute your acquaintance with the history @Shot' though of necessity I must doubt the correctness sl your memory, or question the - you have perused. You at* kindly indulgest.bet performance, and would almost that iadvigeses and severity pensions. A virgin perforguaace, led to conceive was a chaste have some iatentios to alter gauge. You would afterwards' stress dootrine, that power spectable, for being she reward shall laaw the publia es decide of your thoughts. Yea her you say. I have ,psuiled the private , Badman* g the idea. Sir, originates is the fertility you: brads. and la no inconsiderahle apecimea ✓ichness of the soil. As 1 never Indauated Rey thisf contrary to the private respectability of the 1 0 Honorable President, I 'doll pass ever this isle* tional calumny. with the lenient remark, that low ability is defamed by the dander of your pea. is Oa next place, Sir, you are pleased to consider ase is jest, whoa conferring a aseritea encomium a Mr. Cattalo'. whose conduct you describe Is " t h at of the villain who stands sentinel " ris committing. and after tangs !P . " demo aphid his associates ; one, who in fact. 0 " aesthete of that honour which is said to be sass! " Thie language. Sir, is awes!, seed 14 : Cratspert 'g ility is Dow aolioebtottly yew Po . bort tot y the router of the unseals sse Sat by the evidence of the fact. Mr. Cassias' Lame be folly entitled to the &doodler of do " rn tl Ws, urn he has impeached Isis assoristess foe 00 7 1 deotiooreo of which you insinuate Ile tras h erine&sis. Hem Sir, is et tolerably Wog: • the accuracy of the Alio, i .1/Oconee It soy kuttogii ghost Induce me to belief 1 it, were synonymies 0 nuance, Sir, I iras slop , 1 a one, you probably O 1 e the standard of oar las 1 0 wards iosinnate iM 1 0 r is nothing the note it ward of private rider. l lecide upon the corrector. , ire attacked me. berm le private character of Nu 711 P1 I ~'~ I