The Statesman. — London, England, 1821-03-19 00:00:00

.....y r - .- 4 - .. - -------------------------- Piooo ootd es! of Downi e piece sarn Waited per lb• N ois ing value. Troy. ' ....----.....----- _ carats.; Ise; 4 gr. Do. Ooi Pts 45 grains. 20 RtrrlinW. or Silver Prattles : but a fterw ards24 SILVER. COMPARATIVE ESTI Value la Nominal Noodati Fine- welight per :resold i l i f b al:n n f Value of new lb • Tr° ,l, °f Sliver in Gold to lib. of hs of tes. la ale. poem& weeds Silver. Polhiu Sterliog. Sterliag. Minding. .4T ; 5i114" 411 fi tiet the first Ooli lavi 13t31 The FLouvace or FLuatv. The I.4eirie 144151 Do. Do. Du. Do. Do. Do. The RTAL Of RS*L. The Among.. The novversex or doable Rya]. 108 gruing. M. Do. The C roues Nougat. The C mows. V 5-Bth grains. HS gr. the Nob. 190 gr. the Nob. Do. the Ryal. v. theAert4. 40v. the Soy. •Edw. V 1.13191 The Sove►eign •nd the Angel. Do. M. IS.* Do. The Sovereign and the Angel. Do. Do. 71, 14Ith gr. the Q. Noh. 61.21-07th gr. 1,00 the Crown. gr. the So'• filo Sr. the Ang. lin gr. the Sot. ►lsr. ....l. gii5......1 Do. Jamas 1. Do. The Angel. The Sovereign. The Angel. Do. tharlei I. 101:6' enmmon Weilth as,. 11. 11 .ITe.stitillarl I efti l;porge 1.1717 - (leo. 111.141 Do. Do. The Sovereign. 80 gr. lb. Aug. 101), 2-flth gr. th sow. 174.6-9th irr. tli Sof. Do. The Ibem; the double Crown. le. The RCN RTAL the SPUR RTM, &C. Do. Do. 171, s4lth gr. I4ov. Do. The Angel. The Unite treble Unite. &c. I 2os. 104. and Ai. Pieees. 90s. Pieces. mown sine. ■ er th. &nor nation of Gulseas. Do. 171, 7-81 h th. Sot. 6 Sold:. or !Shilling•. r. Bd. or half a Mart. Do. Do. lib. Os. &I. O. or U. The 1 6 first piece of 11. valeta coined in England. ..yd. the G .Not ISt. thr Sot. St. the Awe% ?$4. the Sot. 141. 7.411 it the Unite. and after. wards 1404 gr. 11131 the Rosati , as afterwards MO gr. Do. Do. oe. 04-nth r. the As el. 140. 90-411 t the Valk.. ili o 9. 3-Sth gr. Guinea. Do. 9s. the Angel Ile.ll. SIC Efell OE THE ENG L ISII COINAGE. r1:011 THE CONQI:rOT T 0 THZ raitsvcr TIME. 414. the Sow, 30a. the SOT, QO. the Roc 3. the SOT say'. the Sot. tee. the Sos. Do. 10s. the Angel. SC the Sot. Do. 10s. the Rose R. l 15 4 . the Arse R. The Sotereign Do. 104. the Angel. h.Dirts.Ur. l 6 0 10 $ 0 Z s. d. 2 Is 11 2 12 b 1 7 1 3 3, o 13 1% • 9 3 9 9 04 1 0 Do. thP Unite. 1011. the Goini•a: when first issuril.l but passed often for •ills. anderenl Mt. At length' fixed at Os. Do. 1 0 I. 114-111 i I, 8-37th 141.24.1000 gr. the Sot. Do. Do. 00%. tie Hoy. ►, 10-37 w 4-sth T, I -Mk 7, 1-Bth 14, 11-3tk IS. 67-1111! 1-11th I 0 8 111, 16.1 ts, 45-1 AN HISTO, I 0 0 Do. Do. '. Mid In 9-ilth r, 1-llth 141-1911 36-1911 6.11 th 'l644th 6.11dt —.....m.--- As snow as the inconvenience of barter was experi enced. it was an object with society to substitute some portable article that could not easily he c ounterfeited. and would be readily reeocnised as a conve ntional nie- II•oni of exchange. Bold and silver from their sensible properties. as well as rarity, and the difficulty of their • e:alwiration soon became the circulating niedinni of commerce and at an early age the precious metals were entrodstresi into Itritain by the merchants of Plitenicia, wits vixited its south western promontory for the par cf:a..e of its tin. tiold not being known to be a native product of the island, and silver being capable of en traction from its and to tin and lead, the silver coinage was en tee tiro in use preserve. the character nf its on excellence, a regulation of the most important con acquence was, at an early period , established. 'fill the time of theTonquest. the Crown rents. or fiesnes. had hero answered in victuals ; and there havinlia m g been even them. falsifiers and dippers of money , Wil • the First, for the better pay of his troops, ordered these r ents to be converted into venetiant nonec etertion, or, in modern language. specie. The whole of this money, from etery county. was charged up on the Sheriff. in be by him brought into the Exchequer. and it was ordered, in addition, that the Sheriff:4)oldd make the payment ad ' on/em, hot est. as tiervaise of Tabery expounds it , sof sweet presto . lienslibet nstnecratast /sw ans se: devearios ; and tit. money afterwards becoming worse, it WAS or . mined dim the Firmer of manors should be paid not orlvpret mein*, according to a certain rate of additional' son. ill pieces. in proportion to its supposed drib iency, but ii.so ad prams., which was the payment of so much sil ver nionel for a pound sterling. as weighed 12 trances Troy. A pound, de ortnerts, that denoted twenty shit-' , Jingo ;ad et-glans, twenty shilling s and. 'direst?: and ad presram. so much as should weigh 12 ounces. or a Troy pound ; from which denomination of weight the ernonon name of pound sterling, or pound of sterling , is derived. The first time this term appears let have been officially empl a oyed in its present well-known sense, is in the Sta. tt.te the 25th of Edward 111. in the year 1351. when the orostirst SeraLtno, or silver penny-piece (whirls was ti.en about three times as heavy as the pieces of the same iienomination at present.) is referred to. as what we we old now call the STANDASD COM, or as containing in it the proportion that the tine silver, is the composition of coin, ought to bear to the alloy . ; and in a short inn:, the same word manse to signify the purity et gold. Concerning the derivation of the wont St'snrateu, about which no little difference. el °pi 'lion among antiquaries has prevailid, 31r. lavarles. whose judgment was so tench respected by Mr. Locke, seems to have had no doubt that it is derived from the that had been given to tit% foreigners, who t i thed t workers of a .errtaio celebrated coin in t his kingdom. They had bees called Essitnl.lsas, as congas from the coadaett to the eastward of England ;1 107-110 107-110 I 0 0 est after taimed. 4 • P14;111.1.11111...111111. 11111r , * t•• • • • t • !A VAS AA *II 2. - . ..-- •• -.-... _ Of TOO PRINCI PAL VARIATIONS THAT HAVE TAKEN PL ACE IN THE COINAGE OF ENGLAND, _ . IRZLATITZ TO Tl. e Fineness of lAs : Meld . Gle slenonainetion of the Pieces, the Weight per lb. Troy, the Notnined rege. sad the Derires of She Gold" COI i eld to the Fineness of the Silver, the Weight ptr lb. Troy of G. • ..."- . wed the Value in Present Money .f the Posed Sterling in the Silver Coin,frons the Content to the Pretest Time ; together with the Noising! Value of lA. of Fine Sitter. •SO To sad of 114. of Fine Gold ix Pomade Sterling. sad the trre Fiske of Fine Gold, or the proportion of Five Sher to Fine Gold. Sae (b a it s , the Pa/W. ties o f b, Silve r % s a . Gold. 11.1.1.6 It. Mog i 11, 11141116 111. isAla 9-I IM, 111. 140 n lii. 11.19111 I. 1-11Ith 1. I•IOA ite, 6111441 lit 11164711 1:1, th•Trai I A s.'- Is. mill Is, !SL•Iw not New Wood. 10 0 0 9 0 0 3 0 6 3 0 0 0 0 ♦ 0 0 $ 17 10 0-31 fl C.aiiVist I Web. 111. 1457 w.lll. 134 •, Do. 134 1:1 lien. Vi. 1470 Do. 1 Hon T 111.13001 Do. M carats Ina: 9 do. alloy. 23 earats tine I do. alloy. 22 citrate Rae: 2 do. alloy 20 carats floe ; • do. alloy. 22 carats fine 2 do. alio% . carats, Si gr., e; &fr. alloy 93 earata Aar ; d do. alloy. ?111 carats. 34 T. doe; kr. allo) 9? eirat. Aar; 2 do. alloy. 2; eangs, . dna; gr. al loy tg carats One; ' 2 carats alloy. 1.13 carats, 31t gr. floe;, gr. a loy 99 carats One ; carets alloy $3 emits. 34 gr. tine ; gr. alloy Do. etrIVIN Sae 9 do. allo. /tints. Si nt. tine Sr. 6") 31/ rents floe ; I de. alloy Do. Do. DEVICF.I4 OF PIECES. and as coins in general have bad their appellation from some popular associations of ideas, the COlllilisill appel lation by which these foreigners was known, was 'lolly transferred to the coins the y fabricated. These c oins were the SILVER PENNIES. The term Pussy, the ra dical denomination from which the English coin has come lobe nettsbereil. has come into use to this country front the Sevens. Camden would fancifully trace its derivation from the Latin itecersiss. perhaps,' because it , seemed originally to have been a generic term, synony mous with 310,11 a, anti applied to the first gold pieces 'that were coined AS well as to the silver previously in circulation. The am lent silver PCNN I had the lignre of the Cross so deeply impressed upon it, that it could easily be broken into halves and quarters. and its pieces t hen could be empl rayed in currenc y; hence, the use of 1 the terms WAI.F.PINN T. Unit FOl'll THINGS, Olr VAR-TIMIS. The silver penny price. moreover, soon became a howl and precise kind of weight, and the weight, when ales `ally recognized, received its name from the coin ; beam f PEN N%•VitIGIIT : while the weight of the silver Litself was detirmined lw the weight of 2.1 grains of w 1 from the middle of the ear. well dried ; and hence !I grains are said, in mercantile actotapts, to make one reNstv-wetorr. The ponnd of stertini.of silver is on derstood, as has been stated, to Mee . bees originally Nina) to a pound weight. This. however, as am} be ob served it the preceding Table. is not enart/y tree re. latieely to the ponnd Troy ; it really was as to the Sem* patina, which was the weight in commonase previous to' the Conquest. and continued to be employed till the rery , of Henry VI. A certain qnantity of baser metal. though very small.' had been found roirrenient to be mined with gad anti silver when ntamsfactured into coin. The proportion used, required to be definite and regular, in order to pre- vent advantage front being taken by the falsifiers ot coin, or inconvenience or in j nry bein g done to the fo-1 seise merchant ; and the properties so employed requi red also to be established he the authority of goverts. meat. and made adequately' known to all concerned. A I:a o liar term was, therefore , neces saril y inttodneed„ to l e that definite degree of frames which was re telnial in the respective coins- and ism ot only still em foe its proper purpose.b . nt app occestonally, sad tedletellvery contumely, to objects that have no connection with its original tneaatng. The term alluded to is that which we have already explained. the word 511111143111. Accenting to the ancient *rename. or Staadent. as ap plied to gold. it appears from the oldest istdeattwest of 'the Mint that, if a pound weight.of Tray. was divided into 24 carats. and every carat into feat grains, a pound weight of the old STERLIXO. or right standard of Eng- 1 land - , would consist of M carats and 34 grains of free gold, and half* grain of alloy. eitber of silver eat cop per; and as applied to silver, it eansisted then. al it der* 1 'at present. of II ounces and 2 pennyweightso lint. and IS pennyweights alloy. For the verbalisms that have taken plsre is the fineness of gold the reader is referred to the talshe above. The filet geld noised in England appears to hate been by Henry 111., in the year 1457. As relating tea mattry On the obverse is the Ling in his robes. sitting on a throne. with * sceptre is his right' hind. and en orb in his left. On the reverse is a long cross with a rose between rat' interstice. The obv. displays the Royal lieleset. with s Lion gardant ; the reverse, a rose. with al cross in its centre. Oa the obverse is the King in armour. in a ship. with a sword in this right band, and in his left a shield. with the anus of Fresco and England on the reverse a trots. its denomination. Oa snore Nobles a sag. with a cross on a ip'sst. P The ship continued to be thet yp e of the Noble even after that coin changed The obverse representi St. Michael essabating the dragon. Obverse. the King on his throne. Reverse, a fell blown rase ; onits centre mown. a shield, with the quartered anon otrratrabaod England, sarasounted with a large Imperial i Do. k~• This Noble beer the name of the Greece, from that of the Saint whom it represented, on horseback comb/Mae the &agog . rose. The obverse eihibited gully a large doable se. surmoented with a crown ;the reverse. a shield of arms as before, of preceding pieces at the twee 41enomination ; the reverse in some dis- The obree4e as that Browned ; in others the letter It, on one side of the shield. aad the plays the Ro% el shield. letter R. on the other, ia the place of what are called the supporter of the arras. On the obverse of tee Angel is St. Michael, with a spear in one hand. any a shield of arms in the other on the reverse a ship• A profile of the King, half bodied in armour. with a sword in hir right hand, awl in his left lan orb. On the reverse of die whole TheeSevs is a shield. with the Royal Arens. crowned \and 4upported by a Lion and a Dragon. rofile form. which has been since continued, appears copied from some of the silver coins of Drury Till. On the Sorrows lb. Queen is represented on a throne ; on the Nom., in a ship, bolding an escutcheon of arms. In the first coinage. the IleStartG% eslalhits the Queen in state. but in all the others he profile occupies the obverse. arrayed in armour aad ref and crowned with the Imperial crown of En gland. The Rs AL represents the royal figure in a ship ; and In this coinage the ship has a large rose oit its side. sad has a bred mare decorated than in any preceding pieces. 'Most of the coins of this reign present no other desire Oft the merse than that of a shbeidob ith !the Royal Arms. sanalamatad with a wawa. The deviees Introdered into the coinages of James I. were ov rrtrionv is the names of the pieces. The UNITS asbibits on one side a hell length ',vire of the King in profile. crowned, and on the other the arms of Scotland and Ireland quartered with those of England. On the Cnows piece. called the Tuurrs.r. emoting. on one side 14 the Thistle surmounted with a crown. and on the otherthrrose. adorned with the saw? distinction. On o figuresther pieces tbe best is Inurested, not crowned; and tbe vales of thews in shillings marked with . On that sioheol the Anna& which ethibits the Gime of Rt. Michael. is She letter IL for tenf 'stilling.. ft wltieh t sine the piers Wes boned. la this reign the figu last represented.re of the ship. which sp irritrs to here been the favourite &visitor Seg pc lish gold coin. was 1 The obverse displays the shield. with the nom of M. George. with as words Comma llirroltla of limylgarl; the Protector. dimpin)s lite bust. On the obverse of*, "Qs. pieee or Germs. the bast of the King it iserested. as in more l ouden' coins. Ii some, the letters XX. for les. appear behind the head. On the reverse the Iloysl Ars. on a 'tingle shield. crowned. Tbe Guises., node af African gold. have an gleplinat m , the armorial bearing of the Africa n Com p an y . under the King's best. During the life of the Queen, bee bust 1V VI impressed, with that of the King. on the obverse of the claim The obverse presents the King's bust, as in preceding reigns ; the reverie, the Royal Arms, of sided' are those of Meuse irk. lc. Its the eoinake of Me, the area of Frame were rawhide(' from the shield ; the title of Rem F relisqiishOd. and this inscription introduced on the coins, °mosaics 111, Uri ORATI a. t BRIT tSNIA i IIIM Rcz Finn, DrfTS4Oll. In 1141:. in the coinage of the SormssioNi. the Genre ofAit. (Imams striking the DtagOlb was revived upon the reverse. 102.0* I II II 10 0 6 0 ♦ 0 5 0 10 S 60 o 0 0 O 0 0 8 0 $ 6 16 so IL I I I II 11 2 of supreme importance. and in which the exercise ot Royal authority was immediately engaged. the gold piece was impressed with the figure of the King, and an inscription of bit name, which wit li numerons variations, of winch the Tatar states the principal, has continued to be tine practice through succeeding reigns. Besides the pieces described above there were several others, priaci pally of a fractional kind. such as the ANc.v.Lay, or half Angel, the half Cnowat of gold. kr. The olenominstions anddeviees of the pieces, were also too often varied to ailtnit of illuatratice or remark. The gold money in general," 'say. Snelling, who had made the coinage of the King dom his partielilar atudy, " received their mune front their type; the Royal (often called Ityal and Riall) be ing thus ratted front their repreaenting the Kieft its his R o yal ro b e ., the Alasse. (i. e. the Mace) from the SCCPTZII in his lianil Z the (111114 E from the Comte, and the same of the Asi:ct.,Sat.rwe,SovEßElGS.kr." Proceeding wy more alui i a l,te i i n tl it a t s e t w l t y ho isrd w e i t oi h ni n rc- hrie., 'pert to the N mats. of which he is treating in the ass sage from tillich this extract is taken, awl which load the impression of a " Ship," wherein the King, Edward i ll: i t: a n , dsit,i..ak,se the e i strain ol a ii i I l t oi i t i a t:: a :n l ‘ arm ou r i i n t g is ' tritest its name on the same account ; its type being re presaive of the King's N ants resolution to maintain the sovereignty of the sea, and at the same time commenter Praire of die "mime victory which he haul obtained over leis eased s. some time hedare en that element; and this atipears to leave lora an opinion of an ancient anther, in M. S. in the Cottonian Library. who mays— ' For four this our NoolLE %hear' to me. ' King. ship and sword, salt POWs/LS or tile sats.' Respecting the derivation of the appellation Sore netox, as applied t. English gold coins, and which is fit to be noticed aa applicable to the invent resumption of the name, Mr. Snelling happen' incidentally to he still more explicit. "This word Soviet:toe" says he, %t hen deareihing the 'lmitate Royal or Sovereign of Henry the m's, ." thi" word Sovereign appears to be of English origin, and to leave bad its birth here, bring derived from the type of the king. or Sorter:les, who is exhibited on it. sitting in state; which, with some little difference, had been in use two centuries before." As the lieteas. afterward' in the reign of Charles 11. obtained its name antoeg the people, breanse the African Company at that time broisaht from the Coast of Gitiosen the pre cious metal of which the coin was made, so the appella tion of Sovereign was probably given to the catboat pre- 1 sent referred to, from a similar association of p opolee ideas. Then C a nnwes.L's large gold reins were similar ly called ittavas Broads, the coins of James, Jac°. nt.'sses. kr. And what warrant' this o pinion of the origin of the names both of the SOTentiON and of the fluters is, that the aypellationsoliol not obtain the stamp of official authoritx is. the Mist Indentures till a consi derable time after the respective pieces hail been coined. Shillings appear to have been first coined in England in 1068, and gold and silver money only wes coined till 1800. when tappet coin was introduced to put an pod to the use of leaden tokens. Prom the table above, the capricious anti arbitrary rariatioas that have 2 IL S II 6 6 II 14 17 3).001hs taken place place in the weight. purity. and value o f the r m and silver coins will abundantly appear. At ink the twenty entu.tuns or pound sterbng of silver ing equal to more than 21. ISs. lid. of our present wavy in the reign of Edward VI. it fell to 4s. ail. Wile embarrassments and injury arising thence to Como" • i it is sonecessary to speak.—Maell more iniscldef magi conselnenee be oreesioned to time community time bree fit to the Royal Eicheyner by any of the atteratioas OM took place. • It is with co/mem we add that any charP could be erected or eoneemplased in coinage at the regill period ; yet it is prope r to add that by the Act of lieorge 111.. the miser cein. which lusi cort'" 4 steady from the reign of Klisabitth was made te en to • an alterad which *gnid oe. The lb. trov of silv er wh rt . " wishy to beret into 62 shilling. was then erden l' 3 14 cut into 66. REIVI,UTIO.V AT P.4RA. The following is an Retract of a let ter from * Eaton Hall. of Para, to Mr . John nab, of Liverlto' . dated 4th Jan. 1t521. On the Ist January, 1911. «;1s Colonel Velsw,l brave oMecr, was reviewing the I st Regiment, is dr Palace Nnare (all the rest of the Foot soldiers IwO4 on duty in different parts of the town) !oar for'eit dividuals approaches/ him, el% iug oat, • le Co stitation,' ' /Ire is Corks," and desired him a " the same. Tbeir nitnibets increa sin g , Colima I.'- 13910 e ordered the a larm drum to be beams, 'Aid' 'brought the oilier troops. 'llse people (at deg : 0 41 or 34$ in untidier) reiterated their shouts; Aril 1" the palace. i n whkli the tiovertiors were roceeded, flee t s eonsnlted together , s ittiot , 1114 and then p thra to the Jail (or Camera) where, in cognattw° with the old Onvernors and a number of tellol d ' hfr men, thry deliberated, and finally resolved m shale" the old, mod estaWish a new Conslitution, neekl4 alter those of Spa& ;MA PortetTal• " The oil lisevornser, and other pnblie ant": 'n- 1 were dismissed, and n ew ones appointed; *la 1 whole was arcouiplished in shoat four hones. btu' "The town has been illo m inated every nig, and on lousiness has been clone at the lastork until to-day hut e‘ety thing is q uiet, and eget! WI -- At contented." The props rt e is thi‘ Borough , which b v Sir T. DI. -4•thlatialgr, Bart , has brew Add tit cfrofe il ' 1 Hainlet, the °patrol Altera:Atli of Lontloo.-41.1"°1 Ce•Nrirr.) Exit** ittoN.—Philip Baynes, ova 37. an d °3r Clark, age. l 3.0. were exerut.eti at Northampthon 004- terolay, for ike noirtier o f John Clerk, a t a rm kir: longhand of the latter. Their balks were sarong's gi‘ en to Ott surgeons for dissettiott. . _ lii