The Statesman. — London, England, 1820-02-14 00:00:00

t o Tie", the most unequivocal proob of the ,pie . 3 res pect, veneration, and grief, at his de ore l'hcse demonstrations, and their accom -0.4 re ak e ti O NS, will, no doubt, duly and bene illy touch the breast of his successor, to whom do n b e glad to see the epithet of AUGUST Iv, s od Dot merely flatteringly, applied. )0. HosnousE proceeds to shew the impro wry gid the unconstitutionality of the House of aw es taking upon itself more authority than b ur l of Judicature in the world, viz. impri ;4 without hearing the accused. " What a 0 a Justice is that (he asks) whose punish ne s ie measured, not by the enormity of a be by the time of year at which they are m od !" We do hope the age of absurdity , ever. It is high time that the Honourable o r should be swept clean from such filthy, oy cobwebs, which, while they put ns, as tin ,biedlt they do, in mind of antiquity, disgust us t h their offensiveness. Well and truly may it be repeated, that " the ii sot always to the swift, nor the battle to the " The funeral obsequies of a Prince of the of England, taken away in the prime of the vigour of health, and of habits the most te, preceding but a few days,'tis true,those f i resered father, whose alienation or indisposi • or mind at intervals, for more than thirty years, l eeward a belief that his existence could not mi ably be expected but for a short time. These . Asa which tend to humiliate the prowl of di, and the haughty in authority ; we trust they met lose their effect in this once great country. teezeite of Saturday night exhibits a sombre dome on more than one account. The rela • it has to the sad mortality of the ROYAL WILT, brats a strong part of the picture; and 'distressed condition of our commerce tills a up portion of the back ground. T'sreisirfeur aripis at one time is a most frightful arcane we! Two of the Ministerial papers, neverthe- Is appear to exult at the promising omens of ring trade. Whether they are themselves de nied. or designedly deceive others, we will not r but to those who wish to ascertain the truth, i advise them to go to the London Dock, with leinusiornza WREN'a motto on St. Paul's Mel in their hands, viz. " Circeintapiee."— iv they will see a cause for the report as to the Dock up altogether. ft has been very properly and unanimously re ap, by the members of the Stock Exchange, oniraittce, that on the day of the funeral of his Majesty, (Wednesday, 16th instant), the Stock see shall be shut. Sir 1101 CRT Wlcaom, it is said, has had a letter 1100 She celebrated M. LAVALETTI, from Paris, grateful expressions for the humane, the ge , and the intrepid interest that General took (*veer in tbe hour of dame!. • committal of I .llr. Hobhouse, without allow , him to appear in extenuation or defence of the libel, is a pretty illustreatien of that dignity ran make a virtue of ascessity. It would be a • le worthy the dines we lire in, to behold the poli• h • and moral philosophers, historians, and poets, have written there judgment of the House of Com summoned to answer for the same before the . To see Benham, Ensor, Haslitt, Bentham, Byron, Moore, Millar, and Hobbouse, arraigned diitid and Copley, supported by Brugge Bathurst Ryder, Canning and iastlereapli received as credi rituesses, to listen to the opening speech of imbed. ,ad ignorance, and the closing defence o, patriotism truth. Bat the Honourable Members know their ; the arena where truth and falsehood contest, rs dare mot enter. Huirr's application to the Court of King's , for the removal of the trial against him and from the seat of prejudice to one of impar ;ty, is looked upon by every dispassionate man reasonable and laudable, and his persevering and .ken spirit forces many to think better of his and principles than they were wont to en of . him before. 7111gMelless d'Angottleme has just had built a grilt private carriage of very superior taste ivhich is shortly to be sent to Paris. h li the general opinion in Germany . that Sandt not be executed; they dread too much, in Meseta fermentation of the public mind, the tioe it would he likely to create. The birth-day of the King of dues Netherlands kept with great solemnity in the lisle of Greet on the '2lst of August. r Ile Blacas; the French Ambiaselbritrainei, • . immediately at Paris. 7 Doke de Laval Montmorency, .the Anakas bem the Court of Prance to dtadrid, was to !Strom Paris on Saturday to return to the capital. chased Gourgaud has not yet received his Pass sod it is said that ho is to be removed 11'0111 " lodgings to the house of arrest, called the °Merriam's, because he refuses to pay the subal . altars who kept guard over him. IMO all Humboldt, after his recent dismissal • Allics• was offered a yearly pension of 6000 • n dollars (about 1,2001. sterling). The key Baron declined it, and observed to the ,_ 4ll l. that having no longer his Majesty's cone t. be did not think himself entitled to any re !lit What an example to other Ministers when wal retire fr om o ffi ce ! Is consequence of a leaned sarong some of the members of •,sinrees's Committee at the late meeting at Morel -111.1, we are informed, that one of General D'Ecerese's Msdsasr sent a message to a member of the Committee, lilt day the whole members of the Committee veer meted by the police, and honed to keep the peace, ▪ inception of Mr. O'Connell. 2 11, trial of Gilbert M'Cleod, for sedition, is to ..11111". Weetlay, the 14th instant (this day.) The niduent Counsel, we understand, have aader• • a r, agetite froth :--Mr. J. P. (trent, Mr. Jeffrey. _l:smers.—(Glaegew Chronicle.) ammeemed that the accumulated Presecu ghsiTir Wroe, the printer of the Miarliester • dad his family, have indented him to dean. ''t publication of his paper. which THE STATIFMA N. ELkCTIONESRINO. Hall glorious time! Fit subject for Am*. That every distinction eon level, When the gentleman greets Each blackguard he meets, And Pride must descend to be civil. • The Thike and the Peer Mutt gurgle strong beer With Freemen to gaio their protection, And all who *split To be Knights of the Shire Get drunk to meuretheir Election. flow fervent the seal I That Candidata feel, The friendship they •ow, how shwas; Rut %is easy to ire's', When seem seal they profess, That the time of Election draws near. CITY or DVSLIN.—We regret to find that a third Candidate has not offered for the Representa tion of this city, and we must confess the eirctun stance is very little creditable to the assurhed pa triotism of what is called the independent iuterest. --(Addl . ,' Everting Poet.) A third Candidate, it is said, will offer for the representation of the city of Cork. A smart electioneering canvass has already can menced in Tamworth. Mr. BARCLAY has formally declined the invite lion to offer himself for the Borough of Southwark, at the ensuing election. We stated in our Paper of Saturday last, that Mr. Alderman Heygate had an intention of be coming a candidate for representing the City of London ' • we have, however, been assured, by a correspondent, that this opinion, su generally adopted in the City, is erroneous, the worthy Al derman purposing to offer himself for another place. _ _ Twelve Gentlemen, in Sir Wm. Curtia's interest, commenced a very active canvass in the Tower Ward on Friday morning, and met with great :sue cots. 1113 .11.4.1337'r'S Saturday, at one o'clock, his Majesty held a apart at his Palace, in Pall-wall, which was attended by the Archbishop of Canterhury, the Lord Chancellor, the First Lord of the Treasury, the Lord President of the Council, the Lord Privy !eal, the Chancellor of the Ex chequer, the three Secretaries of State, the First Lord of the Admiralty, the Master 0 I of the Ordnance, the President of the Board of (moron), the President of the Board of Trade, the Master of the Mint, the Earl of Mulgrave, the Lord Steward, the Broom of the Stole. The King held a Privy Council, and pricked the Sheriffs for England and Wales for the year ensuing. His Majesty gave audiences to the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Liverpool, Viscount Sideuoutb, and Viscount Castlereagh. Lord Heston and Colonel Whatley were the Lord and Groom in Waiting. TM CAWS .kakespLaboat four. Yesterday the Duke of York and Prime Leopold vi site I his arajesty. The rumour is contradicted that it is the Intention of her Royal Highness Princess Augusta te quit Windsor. We understand that preparations are making to enable her Royal Highness to take immediate possession of Irruption', which she inherits from the will of her late Majesty. Her Royal Highness's household establishment is already arranged. The inhabitants of Mediate have so long had opportunities of estimating the besevolence of her Royal Highness's nature, exerted as it has ever been i o the most liberal and extensive relief of distress and poverty, that no circumstance could give them greater pain than the removal of her Royal flightless ; and no assurance ran be more gratifying than that of her continued rest• deuce amongst them. It is, we understand, the intention of her Royal High ness the Princess Sophia to leave the Castle Immediately after the funeral of her late revered father. His Royal Highness's establishment will be transferred to the house of the Doke of Cambridge, in London. The Princesses Augusta and Sophia, and the Duchess of Gloucester, will remain at the Castle till the day after the funeral. The Journal de Marseilles of the 2d instant, states, that the Queen of England. travelling under the title of the Cotintess Oteli, set out from that city some days presiously, with the intention of proceeding to Leghorn. In the Gezette of Saturday it will he noticed, that the order regarding the Liturgy of the Church of Blighted. directs, as might naturally be expected, the omission its the Prayers fur the Royal Family, ads, words, " Their Royal Highnesses Georer Prince of Wales, the Prisms,' of Wales, and"—now for a sehstitetier for that eases don we leaked, as we doubt nut many of out readers will. in yak'. The Prayer, then, sow is, for" his Admit Remo Oconee IF. and all the Royal. FAMILT." Ae may, therefore. fairly infer that this alteratio, and a to what was expected, owassiow, will excite vetted opt., aloes and dissimilar sentiments. The regular Clergy, so fki as the Coeocil's order might be supposed to extant / as to distance and time, conformed to it pretty generally. but s very great majority, almost' a totality , of the Dissenters, prayed for Qua's Cssointa. A few of the Clergymen of the Establishment, however. could not leave out their Inesful Queen. The Clergyman of Clerkinwell church left the matter much as the oracles of old left their answeol to certain querim. He men tioned sonehody, in such a manner that it would be difficult for the listening congregation to assign what he said of ena4ody distloctly. doubt native loyalty on the One hand, and ecclesiastical discipline on the other, occasioned this diffidence and hesitation. Minix, Fan. 10.—It is rnmonred that Mr. Young; the celebrated Tragedian; Mr. Johnsen, better known by the appellation of Jack Joissson t with lie. Phillips, of voral celebrity', hare proposed for the Patent, to open oar theatre, in this city, jointly, atter the inter ment of war late beloved Sovereign. We ape informed.' immediate steps will be taken to have some place of ra tional arnasement for the recreation of the citisens of Dublin. A curious circumstance °warred on Sunday Se . IP night, at Market &Aviary*, Wilts. A person named Jane Webb attended Divine Service, attired precisely in the same suit of mourning for our late .*lnvereign uswige 111. as was wore by her for King pear,' 11. The singularity' of its make attracted tooth notice. This venerable and (regal spinster has attained her 76th year. There are at Oashaven l'io rt 4141111 *tido, till the Elbe free from ice to proored to iliambergb. Naommeememil _ WI LONDOY SE&SIONS.-(Thu D 4):) The Sessions commenced this morning before the RN consita, the Luau AlAvon, and Aldermen. After the Grand Jury were sworn, the Recommit de livered his charge. lie observed that the calendar did not contain any offences upon which it was necessary fur Lot particularly , to animadvert. There was, bow ever, one case of perjnry, and it was necessary for him to intorno them that it was essential to the proof of this Alum that more than one witness should appear. lie esecluded by ohserving, that is Gentlemen so well as Stith the nature and the duties of their eats, farther remarks would hr unnecessary. obes Dare, a city officer, stood indicted for an as sadlt on the person of William Birch, on the 29th of September last. The prosecutor stated, that on the day in question, he attended a Common Hall in the. City, and was thus &coasted by the defendant. -4 D—n you, you are sot a Liveryman, and you shall go out." The defendant then laid hold of bim, and dragged him against Mr. Dixon, to Whom the complainant appealed for protecting. Mr. Dixon ascertained that he was a Liveryman, and then the defendant desisted. w Joseph Thompson. who was with the prosecutor at the dote, corroborated the account shove given. The detbtolaut in defence, stated, that on the day in question be acted ass city of fi cer, and had found great diffitailty in preserving order. The defehdant was-fore (nattla the riot, andite bad laid hold of him peaceably, to pritosent Mist from rushing upon the busting*. The Jury found the defendant thailty of the assault; bet thought him justified in Acting so, as he had dose it in discharge of his duty. The liscoaora informed them that this verdict could not he received, and, after a moment's re-consideration, they pronounced the defendant Not Onilty. Wigistos Henson was indicted for as assault upon Thomas Fenner. A cross-indictment had been preferred by Hanson against Fenner, for the same offence, but it was understood that Hanson should first stand as defend• ant, and the result of his case determine who should be determined the aggressor. William Fenner, the prosecutor, stated that he resifts at Peekbain, and that on the 29th of No*ember last, he was walking along Fencinireh-street, in company with a friend, when, upon turning the corner, a muffin-hey, who- wia cooing in an opposite directlos, ran against him. and is consequence the muffins which the boy was carrying were overturned. The boy complained bitterly of his loss, and the defendant cause out of his shop and laid hold of the prosecutor's collar. The prosecator knocked him down, sod pursued his way. Ile we., fol lowed by the defendant, who had armed himself with a boot -tree, and was then violently assanlted by the de fendant. In parrring a blow which the defendant aimed at his head, the it . one of his arm was broken, and being then incapahle of further defence, was given in charge to a constable by the deft ad tnt. He was confined two hours, and was then liberated upon hail. Daniel Tye. who was in company with the prosecutor at the time, deposed to the above circumstances. John Censer prodaced the instrument with which the hlo* had been stench. The surgeon who had set the arm of the proseautori I was eallerfro prove the circumstance of the fracture. The defetidant here expressed a wish to be examined, and was aecoedingly placed in the box for that purpose. He stated, that oil the day in question, he was sitting at tee With his family, when be heard an outcry from the boy' who had lost his muffins. He went to ascertain the cease, esti upon interesting himself is behalf of the, bur, the prosecutor termed round and midi — J 4 Ilaset &Ammo...p i lAN Stogie's, is is tows e l .-tie, attrevilso the ptoseentor repeated, aid struck him several times. Being determined to apprehend the pro secutor, he prorated the boot-tree, for the purpose of de fending himself. When he again came out, the prose-I ester had crossed the road, aid was challenging any a l the crowd to fight. The moment the prosecutor saw him he approached, swearing that defendant should fight him. He, defeutiaat, desired hint to keep off, or he would strike him with the hoot-tree. This warning he repeated three times, when the prosecutor struck at him, and in the scuffle the blow complained of was given. Some one then pinioned his arms, and he was beaten most tin. mercifully by the prosecutor and his friend. Defendant with difficulty gained his own shop, and procured as officer to apprehend the prosecutor. The defendant then called four witnesses, whose evi- thence went strongly to fix the prosecutor as the persdo who Int committed the assault. The fteconorn summed top the evidence on both sides, smithy Jury found Hanson, the defendant, Not Utility, and the prosecutor, Fenner, tinilty of assault: MIR/UNWELL SESSIONS.-(THIS DA►.) --.4.-- These Sessions commenced this morning before Mr. Costs?, mad a foil bench of Magistrates. /Pillions Wallis was put to the bar, charged with assootting and beating Elisabeth Richardson. There was also a counter proserutioa by Wallis agalnst Rick ardson, for assaulting and abusing him. It appeared that the prosecutrix Richardson, kept coal-shed, in Rases-street, Strand. On the day in ques tion, a castor bee's was standing opposite her door, when Wallis came up and desired her to move it. She said she wink! if he woeld wait a few minutes. He swore he wookl sot, and took hold of the horse's head ; upon het attaining to stop him, he 4t ruck het so violently with his whi,-that she was confined to her bed, and, ..krortling to ,tbs,Sildentte of a Weikel mass, the blows she remittal ware the kanse of a miscarriage to her. The son of the pro socatili coosiag to hel his mother, Wallis also struck itinssaboat the loins; t he boy codld not stoop for above I said, that as he was backing Richardson's cart, her son attarked him, and he wits obliged to Miarill Lis own defeat,. He denied ever beating her dolesily, - he oily retaliated; Mr. Lento numsed stp„ ind the Jury brought in Richardson Net Guilty. and Willis Guilty. 11' was seotencal to two menthe imprisonment in the Haase of Correction. Yfttetdily an Intentsting trial was brought tri issue in the Sopreme Cauri, in thi , Cal!' of W. N. tllascock, Esq. captain of his Majesty's sloop Drake, r. Donald Lee. the primer and publisher of rho Meresaatile Journal, for a libel en the character of the plaintiff. contained in a couseionication in that paper last Thursday. signed '" A Dreamer !" The damages were laid at tSW. The defendant admitted the libel, soil put its a plea of Instill. cation, on the ground that Captain lllascock had caused to be published. in The &raised, a certain article under the signature of " Malaprop," tending to tiring the family of the defendant into ridicule. Evidence was produced to skew that the plaintiff bad been accessary to the publication complained of br the defendant, and therefore the latter thought himself` entitled to a versHcf, or at least to a mitigation of damages. The Judge, in asionssiog ap, stated the law on the question t that Ow article which fanned the preient canse of action was libellous., he entertained no elonht i but it would rennin with the Jury to determine how far it bad been pro. milked br the previons condiret of the plaintiff.—The retired for a short tittle, end returned into Conti/ gilding to! the plaintiff, da mages lOW.—The Court was excessively crowded till the close of the trial, at five o'clock is the ersaing.-4.Kerfeeselload Hord Gas.) ;•I • I_ L- 'mi.-- _•• NAVAL LAlTEtuglitiGE. Pest., Fen. l3.—Arrived, yesterday, the Catharine, Knox, from Madras, sailed the Wth of Ortolwr; from the Cape die 2341 of November; and - from St. Helena the 6th Of December; Kingston, Forrest, from Newcastle; and from Hull, for Jamaica; Clue Grovti Thoinpson, from Whitt}', for St. Vineepta ; and Rising Sun, Stiles; from Landon. for New Orleans.—Sailed the whole of the outward-hound, except the Rising Sur.— Came down from the River, and sailed, the Washington, Mount, for New York.—Arrived to-day, and sailed, thi Britannia, Sharp, front Shields, fur St. Helena; mired, and remains, the Isabella, Wallis, from Calcuttll. PORTSMOUTH, Faa. 13.—Arrived veatetdav, tit* art elan schooner, from a cruise; and Wellington, Laws, from London.—Arrived to-day the Fawn, Alen, from London for the South Seas; Mary, Haskell ; Fly, Has kell ; and Albion, Chandler, front London. Passed by for the South Seas, the Per, rrrrr nre, Clark, from the Downs. Sailed the Prince Leopold, for Constantioople. • PLYMOUTH, Fag. 12.—Sailed, yesterday, the Ajax, Clark; and (lorothy, Millers, for Calcutta; and Nep tune, Ilarrick, for the ('ape of (loud Hope. ArAted to day the Marshal Blucher, Davis, front Terceira. Ifisassot-rn, Fon. IL—Arrived the Raby, Robinson. *Ss St. John's; Neptune, Herrick, from London, for sip Cape of Deed Hope; Three Brothers. Spurcell, from ditto, for Lisbon ; and London, M4Kootie, from ditto, ,for Bahia.—Sailed the Duke of Marlborough puke', nit). a mail for Lisbon ; his Majesty's ship Sparton; on a emit.; geonoiny, Waddon, for Pernambuco; United Friends, Dale, for Havannah ; Harmony, Creams-ell, for Trieste; Maria, Bibbins, for Charente; Liberty, Ala ridge, for St. Michael's; Diamond, Beckforti, for Ham bro' ; and Rocca Tigris, Comerford, for Havre. LtcsoessoL, Fos. 11.—Arrived the Trafalgar, Coulson. from Maranhant ; Christian, Goss, front Terceira, sailed Ist February ; the Concord, of Bridport, and Sea Flower, of Plymosth, were wrecked at Terceira. The Union, Kirby, from Quebec, put into Terceira in diatress, and was condemned. Also arrived the Trannsetpi COok, from Buenos Ayres, sailed 24th November; oif the 17th December, is lat. 22. 20. S., long. 27. 50. W. spoke the Melpomene, Watt, from London, Botav;- The Andromache, from Leith, fur N. gent, was spoken with 13th Jan. Kith loss of boats and bulwai 'ions, by the Philip, Tab, from than with provisions awl water. MARKe CORY•EXCU 4'4:GE, Fell. 14.—. sopisly of Wheat this morning Suffolk, yet the demand was ft. vats, and fine runs from the 'thin sale at an advance of 2s. per quartet prices.—llaving but little fine Bath , of the morning. a few select saw tet higher than on this day creasing comldarably *butt ten Oho! boor t bosoms howsy, sad he obtained. so that our prices Friday. which may he quotqd thaw oa last Monday.—New dearer.—flats are Is. per quatter ' arrival Of that article.—ln Poreip Wheat OO 04 Piss Ditto 0 0 Eaglkh Wheat Rime Ditto .. 0 U New Ditto Rye ti 10 Barlett 4O Floe bate 0 0 Grey New Lek/ Befall Nod r►tatoe Dino lobed Ditto 25 26 Malt Fine Ditto White Peas (bailers) 44 SO Reeved@ u V New Ditto SMITHFIELD: Soweartzth Mt stiter.—Thls morning the TIMA4II4 watt better supplied, thsh for these last three woes, in ai kind of rattle; and the prices are rather lower than last week's ufarket. In Mutton there was also a good supply, and pried lowei. Teal and Pork much the same as per last market day. (To sink this Walt per stone of Albs.) Beef . . 4s. ed. to as. 4d. CATTLE AT imam. mutioa 4s. ed. to is. N. Bows ... . . pig Veal . . 4s. ed. to 11.0 d. Calla. . • Port . p Id. to 7s Od. Sheep, In. . . •4 4 1150 Laub . Os. Od. to Os. ud. Pigs • 4 NAT AND MAW. Ilse MANIOC? —This saaritet remodel al *sod is • pm:O. Straw sod CilrVer ria 111111Orial 'Decode% in their prices. Day . .. a . is a a. 19d. 04. to di. 10d. 01. Elova , t • . I; 06. 04i. to el. ed. Mimi • • • . t. 1 ; I • . 11. Bs, lid. to 11. ilk. et AW*S* 1111,CLANO Aid . *liar From the Reads' resolved to the *rot eliding February 1910.-11 Float, GM. IAL-sitya, 49a. lalo—Ses4ey, Ns. It —Oats, NI: 4d.—Dus, 4l*, 941.—Peal, 411 s. 74.—Oat mud, Ms. N. The krevere Price of Prove or Meseovadoliamo, too peted ROO Ilse Retires made is *be Week .. Fsb. 9, WOO, is WI. did. per ewt. OD Toeeday last, a heating took plate id tier Pearl !loose, before a .odorous*rick of Magistrate!, information lodged again; tiatfuns Taylor's peer ititrw old man, late a musician ie the Leeds Voloosen, g il d how residing io a cottage at Swiseguta, for *ling imi tation coffee, contrary to the Statute of the 4811 George 111. etp. 129. The eircuenstaittes of the ease, as rated to the Court, were shottly these :—lo the mein of No. umber last, an Officer of Excise, *employed for the por poise, called at Taylor's hots*, and asked if they ref's tleforiner's coffee 7" to which his wife teplied, tha they hail no coffee for tale, but they sold buret pees. 11, then inquired the price, and said that 101 uo a Nihon beeper at (Dewsbury, and should west two of throe ban tired weight. This was, however, a quantity toe lore. for Taylor's dealings, but he wat told that ii be wets) call again, they would let him hare half a taste. th this occasion a conyersatio• took place, oat wkiels Mr- Taylor obsereed, that if the powder wee is water, it would make " good coffee." ' fi the atorsina shoot eleven o'clock, the inforuser ease again, MS while he was pteparing to pay his hate skilllogre for eight podnds of breakfast beverage§ tire reefs 1 Merril entered and seized, and carried away.Teelow,- whole stock-is-trade, which consisted et use poir!ti Wasted peas ! is addition to the eight pars care.. fee this Wholesale customer. The alapstrates beard all the dreamscape's of the easee etaseicteal et. l 4 bet stitioated the penalty Imes I.wl. to alsatge.--(teede Attrootry.) •Pr t 2 • .l .r«'~. 4 ~ , 'dun, for Batavia. The New York, with pewit- 'an. in lat. 3s. long. 68, irks, and short of provi- n Norfolk, who supplied .r. !Th. • -Although we hasi a good Ar t ' • r from Essex, Kent, and rally adequate to the arri- lbove counties were ready quitter on last Slooday a ! Barley in the early part d samples sold 2s. per quer- week ; but the supply in- • .n ON trade, from thmossolpiesto oess:id mos - s left off - the same as ott A IS. perAttarter dearer 1 leans are Is. per quartet I ter lower, havutg a large we articles no alteration. Irey 's. 4.1! lew Ditto 64 tl . 80e05.....d.. 4d Ditto 96 u wall Ditto • ad el eed Oats • • 60 16 'Statoe Ditto 96 SO t , t 'I ~1 ~~