The Statesman. — London, England, 1823-04-01 00:00:00

; le i - it NEW BEER BILL TO THE EDITOR OP THE STATESMAN. S,*,--fio far as 1 am able to comprehend the bearings of this Bill, I am led to think that it will he an injurious measure. lam not of the opinion that the duty should lay upon Beer; but if any duty at all is proper, it should lay upon the Malt. In that case, all consumers wonid pay; but it is quite clear that the levying a duty upon Beer, is levying so much upon the poor. Beer is a thing that the rich have ver little to do with. Such personii as 'lse Beer are the poor who labour, who cannot *ell do w itbout it ; and as to persons brewing fur themselves, that is impracticable in large towns. Thousands of per sons are lodgers, and cannot possibly brew ; and as to housekeepers, it is a rare case to find sufficient conve nience for them. 1f it be proper to levy a duty at all, it' ought to Tall upon all consumers; therefore let it lay upon Malt. But, generally speaking, it is better for the Legislature to let the necessary articles in the eating and drinking way alone.—lt is clearly wrong for us to pay a tax upon a thing produced in. our own country. If the Chancellor of the Exchequer be a wise man he will see very aeon that it is best to let the multi tude have the means of living and lodging well, by their labour; he will find tha', he had better not al ways be dabbling in the pockets of the poor. 'Dear Beer, has in a great measure, been the cause of so many of the poor ri sorting to Tea. Let the people have the means of getting good Beer, they will not use so much of that debilitating liquor. It is the licensing system that re quires the attention of the Legislature, lied not what port of Beer persons may drirlt, when they shall have paid so much to the Sinecuriste' & e. for the privilege of so doing. I a ssure you, Sir, that I do most sincerely, and not only s incerely, but earnestly pray, that the Chancellor will keep as much out of my pocket as possible ; for 1, have a family to slipped, and every penny kb takes from me, unnecessarily, seems no other to me than a genteel sort of way of " extracting" from my pocket, against my consent- 21 trust, Mr. Editor, that we shall have the benefit of your talent, upon the bearings of this Beer B 1 am, most respectfully, March 2Gth, 1823. MAILS. ARR. DUE. ARR. DUX. I.... Dublin 0 L.—Holland 0 2.... Waterford.. • .. 0 o....liambro 0 0.... G & Jersey. • . .0 I.... France 0 o.... Lisbon 0 o....Flandris . • • ••• .0 o....dottenburg. • I 0....Ma1ta ---- EA. ern TOSS DA r.—Holidayat the Bank. tt *tatcotan. TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 1, 1323. INVASION OF SPAIN. In spite of all the predictions of our newspapers ; in spite of the vnspiracies which they hhie hatched in the French Army, the Duke D'Angouleme arrived at Per pignan en the 22d of March. Thus, then, he is gone to the army, after all. The Morning Chronicle,l using the language of Lord Byron, now bids the French advance, and wi n,' not Spain, hut the freedom of their own cows tr ! It is surprising how obstinate these people are upon this subject. 'They will insist upon it , that the French people are to a state of slavery. No evidence do they produce of this, except it be to be found in the sen tences passed on persons called seditious libellers, not treaty of whose punishments amounts to the sin gle punishment of Mary Ann Carlisle. We read, eat, the other day some men for libelling the Chamber of Deputies were sentenced, finee to three mon ths imprisonment. an.) to ,pay w nof three thousand francs ; another to three months imprisonment, and to pay two thousand franca,. Three thousand francs is a hundred and twenty pounds, or thereabouts. Mary Atm Carlile has bad a year or a year and a half impri sonment, and is to pay (without having a single penny to pay Stith) fiat hundred pounds fine before she comes out of prison ! She has petitioned the Parliament ; and what is the redress that she has received ?—Some men tried for rioting have been imprisoned, some for a few months ;_some fur a few days, with like trifling tines of a few pounds or a few shillings. Punishments which are a mere nothing compared with those which our Justices of the Peace have the power to inflict without any trial at all! Will these babbling newspapers then cease to talk about the slavery of the French? No : they will not cease to talk about it; and their besotted readers will continue to think that whipping and hard labour, without trial by Jury ; and that even transportation without trial by Jury. are things that a nation ought to be proud of.--These babblers form their judgment, orthat , ra ther, found their lies, ou the tales of the gossips ply between London and Paris, and who know nothing Omit the state of the people of France; which state is by far the most happy of that of any nation in Europe; and, with the exception of a part of the United States of America, the most happy of any nation in the world. There is a struggle going on between the old Roy alists and the Buonapartists; bat this is a war of . words, in which the people of that great agri cultural kingdom take no part. Property is widely distributed ; the farmers and proprietors are in a state of unparalleled ease and prosperity, without any of the false glare occasioned by paper money. There are no haughty tyrants to trample whole districts under foot. There are none of those laws and regulations which ren der men slaves while they call themselves free. In short, all is solid in France. Taxation is next to nothing.— The Parson is now known by his Ministry, and not by his powers, as Tithe owner and as Justice of the Peace. What then does Lord Byron ox the Morning Chronicle want? When they hear of men being brought before an Alderman, as was the case the other day in London, to pay Tithes to a parson, who was performing no duty in the parish ! when they hear of things like this in France, then let them begin to talk; but until they do, et them bold their tongues.. Infinite pains have been ta ken to make us believe that the French people are in a state of slavery. The tendency of this is manifest enough. The truth ought to be known; and we will take care that it shall be known before this day week. THE MARKETS. All nve4 the country soother fall has taken place ; end upon an average the wheat is within three pencea bushel as low as it was before the late rise. The last average in the London Gazette wakes it 745. a quarter, but that average applies to three weeks back; beoanse it takes cep•iderable time to get In all the returns. The average of three weeks hence will tell us what it is. We think bi- _ _ - THE STATESMAN. that the average price of wheat throughout England is at this time rather less than five shillings the bushel ; auJ, as nearly as we can ascertain, the average price of wheat in France is about a fourth less than our price. France is so large a country; its climate differs so materially ; its products and even its mate rials of consumption differ so much, that it would not be easy to make even an estimate of the aver ageprice of whist ; but we have ascertained; and pledge ourselves for the fact, that in Normandy, the wheat is now, on an average, atless than the price of four English shillings for, fifty-eight English pounds weight; and fifty-eight pounds is a pretty fair average of the Win chester bushel—Curious enough it is, that the price of wheat has not risen in France in consequence of the scar.—Our readers may be assured, that, if we continue to pay in gold, the English price trust come down to the Fratch price; and that all the Quakers, and all the Corn Law men in resistance cannot , prevent this consequence. • Paris papers to the 31st ult. have arrived. The Ultra Journals deny the movement said to have been made by Mina, and its results, and assert that in posting detach ments on the frontier, that Commander " did not violate the French territory." The Duke of Conegliano (Mar shal Moncey) reached Perpignan at nine o'clock in the evening of the 224 ult., and on the 23d issued an Order of the day to the troops stationed in that neighbourhood, in which he invited them, not only to distinguish them selves by their tourage in the field, but by their disci pline wherever they should be placed. The accounts which state these facts are totally silent respecting the arrival of the Duke of Angouleme at Perpignan on the afternoon of the 224, as mentioned in a private letter from thence. It is admitted that some movement had taken place among the troops in that quarter, in consequence of the demonstrations of Mina on the frontiers; but they are re presented as having been rendered unnecessary by the for besrance of the Spanish Constitutional General. Whilst the intelligence contained in these Journsls is so scanty and unsatisfactory, private accounts received yesterday from a respectable qnarter, confidently assert that the French army of the Pyrenees was to break up on Satur. day and Sunday last, and to commence passing the Fron tier yesterday and this day. In that case the news we may soon expect will become very highly interesting, though communications with Madrid, by way of France, would probably be interrupted, and we shall be obliged to wait for their arrival by sea from Corinna. FRENCH Ft:NOS.—Five per cents. dividend from March 22, 1823, opened 781. SOc.--closa at 7Sf- 50c- (for mo ney.) Bank shares, 14751. Neapolitan Stock, (p 67i, 68, 671. Exchange on London , one month, 251.70 c• aper) 25f. 65c. for money. The following is the private letter referred to above:— " PERPIGNAN, MARCH 22.—The Duke of Angouleme ar rived here this afternoon at four o'clock. At five, he dined at the Hotel de la Prefecture ; among the persons who dined with him were Marshal Moncey (Duke de Cornegliano) and Baron d'Ereles. A grand review is to take place to-mor row. The town is illuminated this evening in honour of his Royal Ilighness. At nine o'clock he received the Civil and Military Authorities The Prince leaves this town on Mon day (the 2ttti) for Bayonne. Romagosa arrived here yester day. The town is so full that the famous`tosurgent Chief, Mosen Anton, was unablp to get a bed. The ISth regiment of the line, which left this town precipitately on the 17th, in +consequence of the false alarm of Miutes having entered the French territory, has returned, and acts as a guard of ho nour to the Duke of Angouleme." By the Bayonne papers, which have been 'receis. this morning to the 21th, we learn that no mail had lately arrived there from Madrid ; the intelligence, therefore, brought by these papers, relate only, to the frontiers. — The Duke of Angouleme was expected at Bayonne on the 31st of this month. All the preparations to receive him are made, an.l it is still believed that, as soon as b e arrives, the divisions of the vanguard of the Ist, 2d, and 3d corps, will enter the Peninsula by lrun, St. Jean Pied de Port, and Oleron. According to these accounts, vhich have an evident leaning to the side of the Spanish Royalists, Zabala bad appeared before Bilbao, on the 16th, and was on the point of getting posse Won of it, having an under standing with a great number of the inhabitants. • How ever, the National Guard immediately took arms, and a very bea4 rain falling, the Royalists, to the number of t,OO, retired into the villages about the city, which makes it supposed that they have not given up the idea of another attack, unless the Constitutionalists should receive reinforcements. On the 16th in the evening, several persons were arrested at Bilbao, which all the richer people are leaving front fear of the ven geance of. the Royalists. It is added, that Quesada has sent orders to his troops to persist in a second attack upon Bilbao, in order to make themselves masters of it before the French enter Spain, and it was supposed that he will attain his object. The Constitutionalists are stated to have only a co lumn of 1,200 men, besides the garrison of St. Sebastian; consisting of 800 men, in that part of the cotmtry. Crie lonel O'Donnell arrived on the 19th at Iran, with 400 men of his regiment, to watch the motions of the French army on the Bidassoa. Gorostidi, the Royalist Chief, with 1000 men, is at Goizueta, four leagues from that river, and receives all kind of assistance from General Quesatia, who is still at St. Jean de Luz The Coast'. tutionalists still hold Lambieres, a mountain of Navarre. On the 18th, forty of their cavalry attacked 150 Royalists, tjho were going to France, and rut them to pieces, not one having been able to escape. The constitutional au. thorities, continually make requisition of provisions, which are conveyed to Pampelnna, St. Sebastian, Tolosa, Vitori, and Logrono. So that it may be affirmed, that the French will . fiod but few resources in the Province s on the side of the Ebro. Frankfort papers have also come to band this morning, but they contain nothing more than an account of the ceremonies that took place ht Stuttgard on the baptism of the Prince Royal of Wurtemberg.. CITY, TWELTE O'CLOCK.—Both the Stock Exchange, and Bank are shut this morning ; but the Foreign Alarket is open for business. In the earlier part of the day, some purchases were made of Spanish Bonds, which opened at %.91iii to at which price they remain steady. On 'Change some few bargains have been made in Consols, at 711 ; but very little is doing in any of the funds. Private letters from Paris state that Nina has positive ly under his command from twenty-five to thirty thou sand men, and the moment the French enter Spain, his intention is to attack Perpanign. We are informed that another vessel will sail in a few days for Spain, with several French officers on board. Chili, 70—New Spanish, 292—01 d, 35—New Prussia, 79i —Old, 82—Russia, 712—Colombia, SI. There is a report of press warrants being to be issued this evening, but we cannot trace it to any authentic source. We understand a great revolution has taken place in the New Foreign Market, owing to the charge of eight guineas to persons belonging to that establishment. An Opposition Meeting is to take place this evening, at the George and Vulture Tavern, in consequence of the Sub scribers of the Stock Exchange only paying ten guineas per annum, and having a free entrance to both houses. Sunday moaning Mr. Ruff, the King's Messenger, ar rived in Downing-street, with despatches from Madrid and Paris. Sunday evening Mr. Vick, the King's Messenger, ar rived in Downing-street; with despatches from the same places. A Courier is stated to have arrived on Sunday from Vienna with dispatches for the Austrian Ambassador, containing intelligence of the march of a Russian Army for the French frontier. Whether this statement be cor rect to its full extent, it is yet too early to ascertain; hilt if the event should take place, although it might be at thet most important consequences to the peace of whole world, it would, we believe, create but little surprise.—(Morning paper.) Accounts from Rome state, the English who reside there to be very unhealthy. Mr. Portman, aI.P. wh o died there lately, never had a day's illness till he got to that city. A private letter from St. Petersburg, dated the 11th March, has been received in the city; it does not men , tioa any thing of the reported march of the Russian army. It states that the exchange at St. Petersburg had fallen between fire and six per cent.• it also states that I, there was a considerable ad vance in ;he price of hemp, in consequence of the large demands of the English mer chants for that article. According to the statement of an Ultra Paris paper, Mina was attended on his excursion to the French fron tier not only by General Llobera, but by the French Uolonel Fabvier, who displayed an eagle to the French troops, as a talisman to incite them to mutiny or deser tion. It is added, however, that the loyalty of the troops was incorruptible, awl that they shouted Viva. le Kul ! Judging, by the Proclamation of the Prefect of the Department of Landes, the troops are in more dan ger of being seduced from their duty within the French territory than by agents or emissaries acting across the frontier. This public:functionary denounces the attempts of malevolent intriguers to corrupt the loyalty of the troops on their passage through the department to their destination on their frontier—attempts, however, which the Prefect says proved wholly fruitless. On Saturday despatches were received from Constantino ple and from Vienna by Government, the contents of which have not transpired. Private letters, however, from the Turkish capital, da'ed on the 2Sth Feb. and received by this conveyance, strengthen the idea that they relate to the negotiations betwixt Russia and Turkey, because they affirm that every dispute has been settled amicably betwixt these two civilized and legitimate empires. To wards the latter end of Feb. there was much agitation at Constantinople, and the Franks, as usual, bad been I robbed and plundered by 'their constituted au thorities and legal oppressors. Poe Frenchman we's killed, and little respect was paid to Christians to what ever nation they might belong. Tbei letters of the 2tith Feb. forwarded by the regular mail, and which have not yet come to hand, contain the causes which have pro duced a renewal of these barbarities. It is not improba t ble that the fitting out of the fleet, and the impressment of men to navigate it may be the reason, for the Janissa ries have always shown the greatest reluctance to leave theluxuries and crimes of the capital, and to embark on active service. Several Pachas bad refused to obey the orders of the Sublime Porte, and the one of St. Jean d'Acre had even allied himself with the Greeks, and was assisting in lilting out their ships. This Empire is ra pidly approaching to its decay, affording another melan choly example of the fall of empires , and a certain p roof that bigotry and oppression cannot exist in the neigh bourhood of liberal opinions, of knowledge, and of civil freedom. The ready compliance with demands of [Lassie on the part of the Ottoman Empire is stated to have been occasioned by an act of superstition so outrageaus, that it is difficult to reconcile its occurrence even with Turkish ignorance. It is said that a messenger had ar rived in the Sublime Capital from the Kaba at .Mecca, especially charged with a communication from the Pro phet to the Brother of the Sun and Maon, in which this legitimate is accused of the murder of betwixt 70 and SO thousand Christians, of whom only 47 had been admitted into Paradise, and wanting him that some great calamity, such as had happened lately to Syria, would overwhelm his Empire, if' a thorough change did not immediately take place in his system of government. Hence, may be attributed the immediate peace uith Ras sia; and the story itself is certainly not more inc redible than are the ein . hroiderings of petticoa's, and soveral other acts of superstition by eqnallylegiiimate)Monarths. When the Messenger left Vienua, information had just been received there that the . Greeks had obtained a great' victory over the Turks in the Mores, but the particulars had not then transpired. It plashably is a confirmation, or a repetition of the reports lately current of the storm inoof Patms. . A corps of Royalists was surprised on the Gal at Estesa de Scare, by the militiamen of Cervera ; several were and the rest dispersed. It is reported that the Porteguese ship, called the Ca. tonna, which arrived at Manilla the 2.1 November, spoke the Company's ship Regent, on the Palawan Coast (date not mentioned); that the Regent had lost her rudder, by striking on one of the shoals its the Palawan Passage; and that it was the intention of Captain Norfor to proceed to Manilla, to repair. Advices from New York of the 9th instant, mention that a vessel, artived at Mobile, had been boarded by an Officer from his Majesty's ship Active, who stated that Vera Cruz was besieged by a military force, and that Iturbide had been assassinated. • Advices from Havannah of the 19th Feb., have arrived. Regular convoy was afforded by his Majesty's ships to and from that port to all parts ttf the West Indies. His Majesty's slAp Falmouth touched there on the 17th with a numerous convoy (ruin Jamaica, and a very large Spa nish fleet had sailed a few days previously. A report pre-. railed very generally of the island being ceded to this country, and that an entirely new order of Government would be established, Beaux, Matteis 15.—Our readers may remember, that in the course of last year criminal proceedings were in stituted against two clergymen at hrentznach ; the Rev. Mr. Schneegans, Superintendant, and the Rev. M. Evers, for the forgery of a will ; in consequence of which they were suspended by the Tribunal in their functions, but on the passage of his Majesty through Frankfort, they were provisionally reinstated till the affair should he de cided. This remarkable cause is now decided, and the two cl-rgyinen, together with Mr. Born, notary-public, and Dr. Grimitel, have been all four declared guilty of deliberate forgery, by the Royal Tribunal of Cohlentz, and that unanimously after the examination of witnesses. • I DEPARTURE OF :110..KINU OP SPAIN TO SEVILLE. Extract of a letter from Madrid, Thursday, March 'V. _Al t h oug h it was generally known that the King would set out on his journey to Seville this morning, at eight o'clock, yet the concourse of spectators in the square of the Palace was inconsiderable, not exceeding , at the utmost, three hundred persons. But there was a vast crowd at the gate of Toledo, through which it was generally understood the cavalcade would pass, and this belief was confirmed by the guards, who attended at the gate from an early hour. Amongst this crowd theiv were, of course, persons of a thousand different senti ments, but all seemed depressed, dejected, and inspired with a wish that some 'circumstance might occur to pre vent the departure of the King. There were mostly of the class of artists, tradesmen, shopkeepers, lodging house keepers, and of those citizens who are likely to snarrr severely in their different individual interests by the removal of the Government. Several, also, of the fa mily of those of the Local Militia, who volunteered to go with the King to Seville, were present to take a final farewell of their husbands, fathers, and other r-latires, as they passed through the gate to join the escort who were stationed at some distance 'on the road. It was un derstood, that there were also in the crowd parties who intended to create confusion, and who counted, not with out good apparent grounds, on the co-operation of num bers of the Ultra inhabitants. A body of two or three thousand men, infantry an cavalry, was stationed in the Piazza de a Constimcion, in order to repress any disorder which might arise, and they had with them two pieces of artillery. The report here we', that the cavalcade would pass through the Gate of Toledo, which opens to the road of Andalusia, was circulated purposely, for the purpose of drawing attention of the public to that quarter. It was intended that the King shoulshleave the Palace by a dif ferent road. In the front of the Palace, there is, about a league or two distant in the country, a villa belonging to the King, to which a private road leads from the Pa lace. This private crosses the high road, from which it is shot in on both sides by two gates. The Royal car riages were rent round to wait where the private road opens on the public way, and to this gate the King. Queen. and lnfantes were conducted in sedan-chairs. They left the Palace about a quarter before eight, and were in their respective carriages at eight o'clock. They then drove rapidly round to the Andalusian road, attend ed by the great Officers of State, and a small escort of cavalry, and ovsrtook the main body of the escort some distance on the road. They thus avoided passing through the Gate of Toledo, and the crowd waited until nine o'clock, when orders arrived for the guard at the gate to return to their barracks. The people were informed that the King had left Madrid an hour before, and thoy dispersed quietly, though evidently disappointed. The Cortes still remain here a few days, and when they go. Madrid will be quite desolate. The Factious are again at Guadalajara. Yesterday morning.an advanced guard of seventy cavalry arrived in Alcala, to reconnoitre the town, and, after some skir mishing In the streets and neighbourhood with the Constitutionalists, they retired again towards Guadala jara. Troops have gone out from Madrid in pursuit of them It now five &clock in the afternoon, and every thing continues quite tranquil. It was yesterday reported that press warrants were ex reed to be issued in a few days. The election for a Foreign - Associate, in the room of the deceased Dr. Jenner, of the French Institute, took, place on Monday. 'T he following gentlemen were pr,.. posed:—Dr. Wollaston, Dr. Young, Mr. Gibers, M. Scemering,. M. Von Bach, Mr. Lambron, Mr. Brown, Mr. Dalton, and M. Wester!. The number of Members who voted was 44, and the ballot was as follows :—Dr. Wol laston, 3S ; Olbers, 5 ; Von Bach, I.—lt is highly ho nourable to the English nation, that out of nine per sons proposed by the Institute, amongst all the learned and talented men of the civilized world, five should be • Englishmen. The eery extensive and beautiful spinning-manufactory of M. Mourgue, in the department of Somme, in France, was lately burnt to the ground. The proprietor sustains a loss of 400,000 francs (10,0001. sterling); but the heavier distress is-400 families e t workmen ere at,oace plunged into a state of mendicity. Extract of a letter from Bahia, Feb. 9.—" The general opinion here is, that the pending struggle is nearly at sit end. The Europeans have not, since the commencement gained any advantage whatever ; but, on the contrary from a foe which they affected to despisC, they have sus tamed severe losses. they up here, they are perfectly f e. duced to defensive tactics. Their reverses hare entirely broken their spirit, and we think that were they pressed bard, they would oppose but a feeble resistance. Con stant hard service under a vertical sun has knocked up about one-thbd of their numbers, now in the hospitals. The soldiers are in consequence disgusted and very re fractory. The treasury is drained, the army in arrears of pay, and provisMns are becoming scarce—they have long been very bad. The Commanders throw blante out one another, and aroadaily quarrelling among themselves. Such is the g eneral outline of our situation at present. and even if 45.100 men should arrive from Lisbon, un der our present circumstances, they would prove very harmless." The New York Commercial thluertiar:r, announcing the death of Thomas Scott, Esq. Paymaster of his Ma j• sty's 70111 regiment, and brother to Sir Welter Scott, observes, " It has been stated frequen tl y that some of the novels ascribed to Sir Walter Scott were written by this gentleman. We have often heard it *asserted in Ca nada, that Mrs. Scett was entitled to a share of the lite- . racy honour atmched to the author of the Waverley No vels, but not her husband the Paymaster. It is so well ascertained, however, thit Sir Walter is the author, that even his enemies have mostly given up the point." FIRE IN WITH STREET, TESTERDLY MORNING. FURTHER PARTIULA..S.--It is seldom that a calamity confined to such a t contracted space as that in w hich tne tire happened yesterday morning, has bereft unfortunate sufferers, more suddenly or completely, of all the necessaries of life, or plunged them into more severe distress. Mr. Noyes, at 1 whose house the tire originated, had, we learn by report, fortunately, a short time ago, insured his goods, but lest a , I eonsidsrable sum of money he had collected for his rent. Two I lodgers in bishouse. however , of the n ame of Ahrams,fatheri 1 son, journeymen tailors, lost every thing they possessed, ea- I apt their shirts, it; which they escaped from their beds. I Mr. Lindsay, Glazier, who held the lease of both the 1 houses destroy ed,and occupied the one with his family that o ltoi w ide t a r d e nad th mh e ea c np a os a s m e , i t h y e d c ; o a m n m d en cled,Wagnoltoisnt s e u v r e e r d y . I t h p i h n i l the street in a state of nudity , and lost ever y article they bad in the world. Mrs. Coaxley , a lod g er in the house of the name of Huddrll , wi th a wife I I ew b boas ct s e t' end four children. These poor ereatirrs also &A into of Mr. Kilpatrick, contiguous to that of Mr. Noyes, being in the family wey, %las prematurely brought to bed, yesterday, in consequence of fright, and is in great I distress, with four other children, and a husband out of employ. To the list of sufferers we must add the names of ,ilr. Tuck, broker, and his lodger, Powell. Tuck's house adjoined that of Mr. Lindsay, and. has been coo si•lrrably damaged. He and his lodger bare lost arta little by removing their goods. and were neither of them insured. We are happy to subjoin that the case of these unfortunate sufferers have been laid before the officers of the parish (St. CI ement's Doges) in which they resided, and that some relief is likely to he immediately adminis tered from a fond, that had. been previously c illectell for eliarimble pnrposcs, to those whose distresses are was: setere and urgent. I. ' ~, ~.. ...