The Statesman. — London, England, 1815-09-02 00:00:00

• sTATEBMAN. To rirs EDIWR OF rut; STATESMAN. PkiISINT'S LOCW. Sta,—When the Emperor ALExANbER of Russia With a collection of new publications which *e en t er ed Paris, in April, 1814, with the rest of the have just obtained from France, we have a Pamphlet, intituletl 44 A Letter fr om a Peasant to a !Lydia," Allies, it will be recollected that amongst other dig in which we find the following interrogatories and A n d passages in his energitic address to the Senate' assumptions, that we shall leave to others to answer be pointed out the importance of framing a Consti- , and refute. t a ttoo for the French people, 64 applicable to the ; You are desirous that our peasants should consider i deal state and progress of knowledge." A more ' that 600,000 Russians, Germans, and English, have w phil o sophical sentence, or one conveying a finer lessen entered the country as deliverers, hen the country to Sovereigns and nations, does not, in my humble asks for no deliverance. This is a matter which they will never understand. op i n i o n, grace the page of history. This one ex- i The peasants believe, that the Allied Powers came, pois ion is worth half the Proclamations and State not for the interest of the. Bourbons, not simply p, per, of the last 10 years, enhanced as it is by against Bonaparte, but that they march against the t om lug from a brave Prince, flushed with victory and ; nation, and against France. con quest. While reflecting on the sublimity of this The Allied Powers do not propose as their ulti sentiment, I could hardly refrain from considering it rate object, the re-establishment of the Bourbons. lhey will nhandon the family as soon as their designs, ' , co nveying an important truth, by which all modern ' with, regard. to France, are accomplished, that is, sys tems of government might be so conducted as to as s oo n as they shall have redueed this glorious sia ,,nl many of the greatest evils that have latterly be- country to a state of degradation and nullity, which alone can secure to them the supe r i or ity they con f, 'en them. Nor am I very singular in my ideas, w nen I say that more danger and inconvenience arise template. ore n t o every civilized community, from blindly perse- , Before the Coalition of 1813, Napoleon was ac to every ckilized community, from blindly perse- knowled the Coalition of 1813, Napoleo ged by all the Powers, and none was ac of them vetiog in ancient customs, or laws, which an in- wasted a thought upon Look. c reased degree of knowledge has rendered totally in- The Coalition of 1813, to the last moment, pro applicable, than it is possible to calculate. If this fessed to treat with Napoleon. _ . obseivation be true, it applies with equal force to ptod•s of discipline, as it does to systems of legisla tion. It required the experience of many centuries to cetaluct our infant naval power, the success of which d'prildea on so many circumstances, to its present high stare of advancement. Innumerable difficul ties generally thwart the progress of early iiistitu tints, and retard their prosperity ; the military or naval power of any coon' ry seldom attaining its high. est state of perfection, before the nation to which they belong has become distinguished in all the other branches of civilization ; for, besides a hardy race of people, men of information, gallantry, and talents, are necessary to command ; the qualities required to fulfil its. duties properly can only be acquired by The coalition of 1813, iii replacing I Bourbon on the throne, acceded to the remonstrance of a French man, but acted ender floe obligation of no anterior promise to Louis XVII!. • The Allies, in plarin.; the Crown on the head of a Bourbon, are disposed to pillage this Crown of its and power, and of its influence over Europe: Is this conduct of the Allies iii favour of the Bour bons or of them e lves ? The foreign Sovereigns have adopted the Boor lions under the persuasion of their extreme inabilit y , and not from any interest in their misfortunes, or regard for their rights. It is their policy that the Throne of France should be occupied by a family, which can resist them no where, and refuse them . nothing. MI has proceeded according to their wishes. and France appeared at the Congress only to sanction her own spoliation. The Aries thus requiring for the sceptre of France previous study and tuition, and can in no one way be produced by degradation and terror! In the early stages of society the limited state of civilization, and consequent barbarity of the lower classes, rendered measures of severe punishment and coercion absolutely necessary, which at this more advanced period of our history, would be calculated to produce an effect directly contrary to what it might have on former occasions. It is from considerations of this kind that we are best enabled to attribute the a feeble Prince, incapable of suppressing the discords, and wha►ever ruins a state; the Coalition of 1815 may now find it wiser than it was in 1813, to placeat the head of the Government a Russian, Austrian, or English Prince, and the Congress, that supreme tri bunal of Monarchs, may dispose of the kingdom of France, as it has done of the kingdom of Satony. The legitimacy of the King of France, of which they bluster so much, like the legitimacy tighe King of Saxony, is a soft piece of s al, which they compress and mould in their fingers into the shape their caprices or their interests dictate. abolition of many cruelties practised in the early part of our naval history, such as keel-hauling, running the gauntlet, arming a certain number of men in each ship with canes, which they are allowed to use on the backs of ►he seamen, with the discretion of vulgar minds. By these rude and uncouth practices the Nary was justly regarded with horror ; so much so, that together with the difficulty of obtaining leave to go on shore, the most extraordinary efforts were made to avoid being obliged to serve in a ship of war. Fortunately for the nation and the service, many of those terrors have passed away, and given place to an infinitely milder sway, which, if not so perfect as it might be, fairly promises to reconcile in a great degree the interests of the country with those of individuals. It could answer no very good pur pose were the many instances related in which an abuse of the privilege of flogging has been grossly violated ; may " the recordi►'g angel drop a tear" on the catalegue of human sufferings which such a statement would exhibit, and, were 'lt posAhle, " blot them out fur ever." It is now for those who are more anxious to heal than irritate, to banish their recollection► in that bright dawn of a better day, which, thanks to an increase of humor knowledge, hes already opened an era of increased happiness to society, and amongst others the British seamen. The measures of the Admiralty, sine the peace, Dud more particularly their order of the 2.2 d Decem ber, for the remuneration of services, &c. prove that they are not insensible to the importance of the subject ; and although perfection in any thing is not It is for France to consider if she will be erased from the list of nations, and if she will submit to the treatment familiar to !Mots and slaves !—lf the tyres of the faction of Orleans and its com petitors were to be revived, the philanthropy of the Iligh Confedevates would discover, in such a situa tion, the best security for their own authority and power. Will the historian seriously speak of this En ropean crusade as directed against one man, which . diverges to a contest with twenty-five millions of people, and destroys the most beautiful empire in the j world ? What right have the Allies to prescribe to us a So vereign ? What right to elevate. or depress at their pleasure, the rulers of an independent notion ? Are the people, then, nothing ? Do all the rights of the earth reside in the will of seven r.r eight Autocrats ? Is it to be said of our present state, that it• Is not France which is at peace w ith Russia, Prussia, and ! England, but only Lands XVIII. with Alexander, Frederick, ar4 George ? The Allies resist the spirit of encroachment in one man, and )et thee parcel out to themselves Saxony, Poland, Italy, Genoa, Belgium, and the spoils of France. ! The soi-dbont Peasant, after adverting to the con duct of the Diplomatists at Vienna, which he describes as a general market both for countries and their po pulation, concludes thus : " Beloved Compatriots, whatever may be our dif. ference of opinion as to matters of interior Govern ment, let us have no difference as to the foreigner.— , Soyons unis, Francais, et la France est souree." I DUEL.— •Yesterday morning a meeting took, place at Chalk Farm, between Mr. R-- L--, a est i tleman residing at the west end of the town, and Mr. M--- D ---s, of the Royal Navy. The parties had passed the preceding evening at the house of a friend, jet Hatton-garden, where a dispute arose be. tween them respecting a lady. They each exchanged a brace of pistols, when Mr. L's second shot struck Mr. D. on the bridge of the nose; fortunately, bow. ever, he received but a slight injury ; the seconds then interfered, and an explanation Issuing takes place, the parties shook hands, and returned to • town together good friends. FEMALIt SAir.oa.—Amongst the crew of the Q':een Charlotte, of 110 gum, recently paid out', it is now 'gained without great exertion, every step towards sf.curing the affections and rewarding the past services ._ - • of our seamen ought to he hailed by every friend of hi. country as a substantial blessing; and it is, be asvarrd, of the last importance conviction should be carried home to the nation, that it is by the most studious and persevering efforts to avoid the repeti tion of past errors (generally speaking) iii our naval system, se can done hope to secure political power, 11 national prosperity. I am ) Sir, your's ) &c. Aug. 1813. NAVALIS. discovered, was a female African, who has served as a seaman in the Royal Navy for upwards of eleven years, several of which she has been rated able on i the books of the above ship by the name of William Brown, and has served for some time as the captain : of the fore-top; highly to the satisfaction of the offi cers. She is a smart well-formed figure, about five feet four inches in height, possessed of consido►able strength and great activity ; her features are rather handsome for a black, and she appears to be about 26 years of age. Her shave of prize•money is said to be considerable, respecting which she has been several times within the last few days at Somerset . place. In her wanner she eiltiltitv all the traits of a Thlnt.tk, Attn. 29.—CATnotic ATIPAIIM—There has been an Aggregate Meeing to-day, and Resolu tions were passed of Thanks to the Bishops, and against a Veto, in whatever shape it may present it ,elf. Indeed every ordinary man must regard this question es derided. The establishment of the Marines, during the war, amounted to upwards of thirty-Ave thousand men : — fifteen thousand were disbanded last year, and fifteen thousand more are to he discharged ander the present reduction—leaving fire thousand picked men for the four divisions, at Woolwich, Chatham, Ports mouth and Plymouth, British tar, and takes her grog with her late mess. orates with the greatest gaiety. She says she is a married woman, and went to sea in consequence of la quarrel with her husband, who, it is said, has en tered a caveat against her receiving her prize -money. She declares her intention of again entering the ler vice as a volunteer. Preparations are maklng for lighting the whole of the exterior and par! of the interior, the passages, 4c. of Covent-pi-den Theatre Rith ges. IV.IPAL INTELLIGENCE. • POPITSMOVTII, SEPT. I.—Arrived his Majesty's ship Martha, front h cruise; and Severn, from Ply. Month; Eriel transport, from Colk.--Sailed the Oceein, for New South Wales. DaAL, her. I.—Came down from the River the 7'hantet, Mobte, for St. Domingo; Limerick • Trader, for Gibraltar; and Biafra:, Franklin, for Barbadoee; and Sailed With the Admiral Gambier, for Batavia ; Patine, for Guadeloupe; Fife, for Jamaica; and Rli;a Martinique. PLYMOUTH, Atn. 31.—Arrived the Ranger, Wood, from St. Petersbuigh ; the Prussian brig General Blucher, from Beeniii Ayiei. - - - - DRIGIITON, 31. 1 A serious accident occurred in Castle-square this evening. A coach, called the Comet, had set down passengers at the Office there, from London, and had to proceed with others to the Old Ship Tavern. In turning, however, for the latter purpose, the carriage ' upset, and inflicted injuries on various persons. Mr. John Walker, the steward of the Prince Regent packet, vitt) had merely ascended the vehicle, with the intent of accompanying some gentlemen to - the' Old Ship, who had booked their names to sail in his vessel for Dieppe, had Elie misforCune to break his leg In such a manlier that the bone protruded through the skin. The coachman was dreadfully cut abotit the head. and was bootie away in a helpless state. The bake ref licltingtvn packet landed about twenty pasSeilgers here from D:eppe yesterday. The Prince Regent will soil with about forty this evening. The intelligenCe from France is far from being of an inspiriting description: new commotions, if we are to believe hut a ty the of what is 'aid, may shortly be eaPected in that distracted country. The Libraries last night, is usual, were cheerfully croeded. At Walker's, nrs. CcAts was one of the fortunate votaries in the Lou pastime. Pam awarded to her (stip of litP most elegant i:ik-stands that ever graced the study of wool' or beauty. Though the Libraries were so numerously attended last night, the Theatre was the reveese of neglected. The Cabinet, and Mrs. Dickons as Fluretta, were the chief attractions there ; the boxes, con.equently, were fashionably filled, and the pit and gallery pretty well occupied. Mrs. Dickens was in charming voice, and warbled the airs in a style of sweetness and skill peculiar to herself. The plaudits she received were loud, reiterated, and general, and the Opera, through out was well very received. Funiainblean is the piece announced for to-morrow evening, in which she will support the character of Rosa ; and, on Saturday, Olivia, iii the Peasant Boy, for her own benefit, and which closes her present engagement. The Ball at the Castle Rooms, on Monday, was but very thinly attended. The proprietors of these rooms not relishieg their weekly losses, in music, lights, &r. have announced their intention to close them sine die. The balls here of late hare, iudeed, been but indifferently visited. In the late Master of the Ceremonies' time, the respected Mr. Wade, cir• cumstances were different, though even in the latter part of his career, age—deprived him of ability for suitable efforts, the ball assemblages, in number, had !argon to diminish. It Is now currently reported, that the Prince Re. gent will not be at the Pavilion before October, in order to give time for the irrprovertents there to be ' brought nearer to a conclusion. A description of the present afterations and appearance of this sapaib palace, we shall give in our next letter. One of the letters from Park states, that a ruffian had had the audacity to discharge a pistol at the Duke of WELLINGTON, but fortunately his Grace escaped the danger, the ball passing through the rim of his hat. GIBRALTAR, AUG. 6.—Gibraltar is most perfectly healthy, and it is expected to contiutie so, as Gen. WIDDRINGTON is prosecuting, at a General Court- Martial, some of the Surgeons fur a disgraceful mis management of their Hospitals and the concerns of • the sick. The Court has been sitting six weeks, and the first prisoner, Mr. Barker, comes upon his de fence on Wednesday next. Xlr. Dtantx and Mr. RAE are actively employed in preparing novelties for the ensuing season at Drury-lane Theatre, which commences on this day se•nnight. Mr. RAE is now in Paris procuring no velties. Letter from an Officer, 21st Regiment (Scots' Fu. sneers), dated Paris, Aug. 11 :—" We sailed from the Cove of Cork on Sunday the 9th, and, after en easy passage, landed at Ostend, on the 17th of July.— From that place we came, via Bruges, by the canal, to Ghent, and then marched straight to Paris, our route being for St. Denis, by Oudenatde, Mons, Cau teau, Peronne, and Senlis. On the 26th the regi ment entered France, at the village of Bavai, and arrived safe at its destination on the sth inst. It rained Incessantly for several days, end we were badly ofd', during the march, from the want of our baggage, which was generally far in the rear, owing to the roads being greatly broken up—whilst, from the vast number of troops who bad preceded us, we were but sparingly supplied with provisions. The country appeared to have suffered severely, many magnificent chateaus being nearly destroyed, and every where the vestiges of a destroyer's hand were observable. The major part of the English army, as well as those of its• Allies, are under canvass; but the 21st regiment is in cantonments, and doing duty on the heights of Montmartre, where strong fortifica tions were raised by NAPOLEON, for the protection of POI is." _ _ _ . Ily R ves , el which has reached the coast from New ()deans, after an expeditions pnasago, letters have been received to the begi ui l mg of July. they state, that ships, to the number of 150, were riding nt the Melia' of the Nlississ;ppi, waiting to take goods on board, and that, in consequence, freights %sere very much reduced. A letter from Havre, dated Tuesday, states the arrival of a British frigate, with SAYARY and ',tux. svaxn on board. She hnd the white and British Gaga flying, and was received will' a salute from the fortress ; but they were not permitted to laud until instructions bed been received from Paris. I MR. ON HIS --A.— LETTlitt IV. Inte.ided to Shoe; that so ex •. MI .e is the. griiwiti of airierirme Wool, Mit some of tha Wool is esprit-led to bigiatid, and that, though the importation of Wool is great 10 pruportiuti In She whale quantity used; to impose it tai upon hoputta• , Min would be injurious to the entintry: My Loaci,—ln proceeding to apply to the slit): ject before us the Matter contained ifs thy loot Let: ter, I matt beg your Lordship to observe; that it ii not Only proved, that almost every tort of mania; factory was going on in America during the war; but, that, as appears from the date of many of the advertisements; if not from all of them, they were neither dropped, nor likely to be either disconti.; Slued, or, apparently, to be rendered less smite, by file peace; all the advertisements being silted after the peace was proclaimed in America, and many of them in the month of May. You see, in No. 33, that sugar and indigo are pro.: ;doced on the binks of the M ssissippi and in the ter.: ! ritory of the United States; you know that cotton it 1 .. one of the great staple coniniorliles of Caroline and Georgia; that tobacco is the native of Virginia ; you see that hemp and flu are largely cultivated anti manufactured; you know that Indian corn, the cal.. tivation of which chaaaciarizea the fairett And richest ! part of Europe, and is the criterion of fertile and good climate, is produced in abundance, throughout the whole country, fourteen hundred toilet itx length ; you know that timber is every where in ' abundance; you see that Batt, iron, leddi copper., and' coal mines, are there, and stone and marble arid ' slate quarries ; you see, that machinery of every sort, acid worked by every kind of power, it in motion; and, have you still the expecta'ion; or the hope, that America is dependent on England for the [ i smeatis of tilling her land, cl;;thing her people, of Ifurnishing her dwellings, or fighting her enemies ? Bit, the objects more immediately before be are WOOL and WOOLLEN:4.-1 h.ve thriwti ; I 'think, pretty clearly, that there is siO retain' td ' expect your hoped-for extraordinary demard for Engl. lish Wool from the change of affairs Its Europe,—... And, on what does that hope rest when you Wok at , . America ?—No. 11. shows you that Merino Sheep are, its flocks in America. And, obser*e, that Penn: ' ' sylvania, a very few years ago, had scarcely Kul ' sheep of any sort. The States to the Northward, ' according to Mr. Livingstone's account, abound much mote its sheep of all sorts. No. XIV. shows you that Wool, in all its tarieliei, is a great article of commerce; and, No. XVI. shows you, net only that Wool is a great article of commerce, bat that it is sent from America to be sold in England ! Yost ' see here, that there are Merchants, who take con sienments of Wool with orders to ship to England; ' and this is at Boston ; not at New York, which State Mr. Livingstone belongs to and resides hi. I know, that several cargoes of American fine Wool were sent to England more than four years agog I saw the samples Myself. But, this advertiserMint o which proves the frequency of the thing, is worth the personal observation and testimony of a hundred i witnesses sworn upon the Chapels. Now, my Lord, when I come to treat of the et: • lent to which American manefactures will be car ried in peace, and which will depend, perhaps, in a great measure, upon the laws that shall be paa.ed t. em p, I , hall speak with great diffidence; because the sahjeci, on the score of foreign policy, as well es on the reo,e of internal prosperity, demands art ' extent of knots:edge as to the w hide of the interests of o.er c siel-aniiiy, which it would be presumption in me, or iii oily matt tit;t 'Ton the, spot, to pretend to possess. But, with regard to the capacity of ; America to grow Wool, and export it to Erglititd, I can speak with nearly as much confidence as JE should upon her capacity to semi us Cotton or To. bacco. That the soil of America is fertile is Well known; and, it has now been proved, that it is well adapted to the breeding and keepitig of sheep. It has been proved, because such numerous flocks already exist. The only question, then is, whether the Ansericaa farmer cats grow wool cheaper than the English far mer, and, from that cause, can afford to sell it at a lower price. Lower it must he sold, in order to open a market for it here, because it mast come ' loaded with the charges of freight, a,rl other Or. peaces, from which our wool is exempted. The • price at which the American farmer dues sell wool, I hate nothing to prove; hut, I know, that the price of wheat is the criterion, whereby to judge of the price, at which he can afford to sell wool. Now. we see from No. XXXVIII., that the price of wheat is one dollar and twenty cents a bushel.— ' That is to say, a dollar and a fifth. Call it six shit . ling; of our money. This is at Pittsburgh ; but, it must be a pretty fair average. If, then, our far mers are sinking into ruin with wheat at nine shit. lings a bushel, it is clear that the produce of the earth can be raised one-third cheaper there titan it can here. A third, or 33 1.3 per centum, will, I should suppose, amply meet all charges on a raw material like wool. So that, at this moment, wills our low prices, our ruinous prices, the American farmer can meet us in our own market, even in the iufancy of his flocks. But, we must not stop here. We cannot stop here. Produce must rite in England, or the taxes cannot be paid. Wheat cannot stand at 9s. a bushel. Upon an average of the last ten years, it has been 12,. a bushel ; •iiiirl, to enable us to pay the taxes, it must go even higher than that. Wool, however, must keep an even pace with the wheat, or wool will not he grown ; and, how is it to keep that pace, if importations of " untaxed" wnoi be permitted, without a lax imposed on it here? " Well," you will say, " and do I pot recoils. mend the lasing of foreign vreol ?" Yes ; but, what would that effect? Why, just as much evil to the manufacturers of cloth, as pod to growers of wool? Indeed, in the end, it would be an evil to the for mer es well to the Miter. But, before I proceed to show to what exteat your proposed measure would affect the mosaic-. tarn, it is necessary to make a few obserntioas as , • , . • . COBB ETT'S lATTP, R.; TO LORD • SIiEFFIRLD, 1 1 SPEECH AT LEWES WOOL FAHt, JULY 26, ISO. 1 1 . , V. ! , , . .. . t i • :! . . ..‘ -t'' ONIt sPti reo te.. 'eh le is- ch