The National Register. — London, England, 1816-01-07 00:00:00

THE NATIONAL REGISTER. SAN. 7. a as adapted to the ordinary periods of repose.—As fruits of a this ex perienoe, and of the reputat ion ac q uired by the American on the land Mid on the water, the nation finds itself possessed of a growing respect abroad, and of a just confidence in itself, which are among the best pledges for its peaceful career. " Under other aspects of our country, the strongest features of its flourishing condition are seen in a population rapidly increasing, on a territory as productive as it is extensive ; in a general indus try, and fertile ingenuity, which find their ample rewards ; and in an affluent revenue, which admits a reduction of the public burthens without withdrawing the means of sustaining the public credit, of gradually discharging the public debt, of providing for the neces sary defensive and precautionary establishments, and of patronis ing, in every authortsed mode, undertakings conducive to the ag gregate wealth and individual comfort of our citizens. 4‘ It remains for the guardians of the public welfare, to persevere itt that justice and good-will towards other nations, which invite a return of these sentiments towards the United States; to cherish institutions which guarantee their safety, and their liberties, civil and religious ; and to combine with a liberal system of foreign commerce, an improvement of the natural advantages, and a pro tection and extension of the independent resources of our highly favoured and happy country. " In all measures, having such objects, my faithful co-operation w:11 be afforded. Washington, Dec. 5, ISIS. " JAMES MADISON." FROM 'THE SYDNEY GAZETTE; Ott NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. • GOVERNMENT AND GENERAL ORDERS. Government House, Sydney, June 10, 1815. The Governor desires to communicate, for the information of the Public, the result of his late tour over the Western, or Blue Mountains, undertaken for the purpose of being, enabled personally to appreciate the importance of the tract of' country lying Westward of them, which had been explored in the latter end of the year 1813, and the beginning of 1814, by Mr. G. W. Evans, Deputy Surveyor of Lands. To those who know how ver limited a tract of count r y has been hitherto occupied by the Colonists of New South Wales, extending along the Eastern Coast to the North and South of Port Jackson, only . 80 miles, and Westward about 40 miles to the foot of that chain of mountains in the interior which forms its western boundary, it must be a subject of astonishment and regret, that, amongst so large a population, no one appeared within the first 25 years of the establishment of this Settlement possessed of sufficient energy of mind to induce him fully to ' explore a passage over these mountains :—But, when it is con sidered, that for the greater part of that time, even this circum scribed portion of country afforded sufficient produce for the wants of the people; whilst, on the other hand, the whole sur face of the c.)untry beyond those limits was a thick, and in many place:, nearly an Impenetrable forest, the surprise at the want of effort to surmount such difficulties must abate very cons;derably. The records of the Colony only afford two instances of any bold attempt having been made to.discover the country to the westward of the Blue Mountains. The first was by Mr. Bass, and the other by Mr. Caley, and both ended iH disappointment —a circu PAS tance which will not be much wondered at by those who have lately crsosed those mountains. To G Blaxland and W. Wentworth, Esqrs. and Lieut. Law son, of the Royal Veteran Company, the merit is due of having, with extraordinary patience and much fatigue, effected the first passage over the most rugged and difficult part of the Blue Mountains The Governor being strongly impressed with the importance of the object, had, early after his arrival in this Colony, formed the roolution of encouraging the attempt to find a passage to the Western Country, and willingly availed himself of the fa cilities whch the discoveries of these three Gentlemen afforded him. Accordingly, on the 20th of November 1813, he en trusted the accomplishment of this object to Mr. G. W. Evans, Deputy Surveyor of Lands; the result of whose j our ney was laid before the Public,_ through the medium of the sadnes Gazette, on the 12th of February, 1814. 85S_ The favourable account given by Mr. Evans of the country he had explored, induced the Governor to cause a road to be, constructed for the passage and c onveyance of cattle and pr', visions to the interior ; and men of good c haracter, frojth amongst a nnmber of convicts who had volunteered th?ir vices, were selected to perform this arduous work, on conditasistat of being fed and cloathed during the continuance of theip,ral bour, and being granted emancipation, as their final reward, oar the completion of the woi k. ,11 The- direction and superintendence of this great work wail entrusted to W. Cox, Esq. the Chief Nla , 4 istrate at Windsor ; and, to the astonishment of every one who knows what was to en countered, and sees what has been done, he effected its .:ompletion in six months from the time of its commencement, happily, without the loss of a man, or any serious accident. The Governor is at a loss to appreciate fully the services rendered by Mr. Cox to this Colony, in the execution of the ilal du ous work, which promises to be of the greatest pub!ic utity, by opening a new source of wealth to the industrious and enters prizing. When it is considered that Mr. Cox voluntarily re linquished the comforts of his own house, and the society of his numerous family, and exposed himself to much personal fatigue, with only such temporary covering as a bark hut could atr)rd from the inclemency of the season, it is to express the sentiments of approbation to which such privations and services are entitled. Mr. Cox having reported the road as completed on the 21st of January, the Governor, accompanied by Mrs. Macquarie, and that Gentleman, commenced his tour on the 25th of April, over the Blue Mountains, and was joined by Sir J. Jamieson at the Nepean, who accompanied him during the entire tour. The following Gentlemen composed the Governor's suite : Mr. Campbell, Secretary ; Captain Antill, Major of Brigade Lieut. Watts, Aide-de-camp ; Mr. Redfern, Assistant Surgeon ; Mr. Oxley, Surveyor General ; Meehan, Deputy Surveyor General; Mr. Lewin, Painter and Naturalist ; and Mr. G. W. Evans, Deputy Surveyor of Lands, who had been sent forward for the purpose of making fu Bathurst, and rejoined the ~party on the day of arrival at Plains. The commencement of the ascent from E mu Plains Spy to the first depot, and the nce to a resting place, now called " a very ing Wood," distant 1,2 m iles from Emu Ford, was through handsome open forest of lofty trees, and much o morethe pr ascentacticabfle mid easy than wa s expected. The facility f or this distance exciteasurprise, and is certainly not he,ell calculated to give the traveller just idea of the difficulties has{ to encounter At a further d ea is tanceceo o f the timber and f four miles a sudden change is perceive d in the app ren quality of the soil—stile former becoming stunted, and the latter barren and rocky. At this place the fatigues of the journey H e re the country bec ame alto may be said to com mence. gether mountainous and e xtremely rugged. Near to the i ncsth mile-mark (it is to be observed, that the commees from Emu Ford), a pile of' stones attracted attention : it is close to the line of road, on the top of a rugged and abrupt ascent, and is supposed to have been pla there by Mr. Caley, as the extrem e limit of his tour ;hence t d he Governor gave that part of the Mountain t o he name of " Cal's Repulse.'l'o have penetra t e d even s far, was at that time an e ilbrt of no small difficulty.—From hence, forward to the 26th mile, is a succes sion of steep and rugged hills, some of which are almost so abrupt as to deny a passage altogether ; butwhi► at this place a con-• siderabl3 , exten sive p lain is arrived at, c summit of the Western Mountains ; and from thence a most extensive and beautiful prospect presents itself on all sides to the eye, The Town of Windsor, the River Hawkesbury, Pros pect Hiil, and other objects within that part of the Colony now inhabited, of equal interest, are distinctly seen from hence. — The majestic grandeur of the situation, combined with the various objects to be seen from this place, ialuced the Gov el nor to give it the appellation of .4 The King's 'Fable Land.”—Ork the S. W. side of the King's 'Fable Land, the mountain termi nates iik ahrupt pl•ecipices of immense depth, at the bottom o which is seen a glen, as romantically beautiful as can be ima.. gined, bounded on the further side by mountains of eat m .uitudet tenitirlating; e qually ahruptly as the others, and tn, •