The National Register. — London, England, 1817-06-02 00:00:00

.TUNE 2, LITERAIVRE. THE HISTORY OT THE 3EICS.-11v fl tNN %11 ADAMS. (Concluded from our lust.) AFTFR the Jews had been banished from France in 1330, by Philip the Tall, they took rethge in Lom bards., and gave to the fbreign mexhants' hills of ex change, drawn upon those to whom they entrusted their effects at parting, and those bills were accepted. Thus " commerce wan seen to arise from the bosun' of vexation and despair," 2 Monte* (ht. It was reserv ed for an oppressed people to invent a method by which merchants, in regions the most remote from each other, could procure the velue of their commodities, without the inconvenience of transporting gold and silver. In this way the Jews often eluded the violence and ra pacity of their enemies; the richest among them fre quently having none but invisible effects, which they could convey imperceptibly wherever they pleased. Thus they accelerated their return ; for though the Princes were willing to banish their persons, they wished to retain their wealth. Sec French Enevel. and Gregoire ()bser. sur des Juifs. Hannah Adams, id,. 29(. The Jews have long been numerous in the Otto- I man Empire, particularly at Constantinople ; they in- ?whited a suburb in Galata, which was called the Jewry, in the time of the Crusades. Though hated anti des pised by the Turks, they rendered themselves so useful I by their skill in pecuniary transactions, that they ear- I tied on the greatest part of the commerce of the coon try; and Christians, as well as Turks, employed a Jew ish broker in all their negotiations. Among other privileges, they obtained that of selling wine, and it was supposed, that which they prepared was of the : p u rest kind, because they are prohibited by their law I from nuttingg any mixtures. Basnage, 718. Gregoire, 131. 2 Adams, 16. They afterwards settled in Thessalonica, now called 1 Saloniehi, where they have remained since the time of St. Paul. They have for ages possessed a considerable •catlemy, and in later times a printing office has been established. 2 Adams, 18. The author's researches have enabled her to give a succinct representation of the impostor Zuhathai Tzevi, who, to avoid the Turkish ordeal of impalement, re nounced his pretensions to the holy office of Messiah, and became a Mahometan, in 1675. Of the Jews in Ethiopia, a curious but brief sum mary of their peaceful state is mentioned, and also of the Falasha in Abys'inia, who claim their descent from a colony of Jews in the time of Soloaton ; their ambitious attempts to usurp the throne, and their de feat and retirement to the mountains of Lumen ; where Mr. Bruce found them in their capital, named the Rock, v. 2, 114. They claim to be of the tribe of Ju dah, and he fistula them to consist of 100,000 effective men. Their Old Testament is in the Greek language, which they speak, having lost the Hebrew, and do not possess either Hebrew or Samaritan copies—they maintain, that the scepter has not departed from Judah, and apply the prophecy of the gathering of the Gentiles to the flttore appearance of the Messiah. It is remark able, that in this latter point, all Jews, wherever they are scattered, agree—that they still expect a Messiah, as a temporal prince. The Jews in Cairo are very numerous and opulent, they take the farm of the custom house every two years, which is let to them for the Grand Seignor—they are Pharisees or Talmudists ; they have several syna gogues, and shut the customs on their Sabbath, so that no goods can pass on that clay. They are also very numerous in Morocco ; and spread over the face of the whole country since their expulsion from Spain and rortugal. Yet they have never acquired any perma nent settlement or security ; and while they suffer per secution, their superior knowledge to the Moors renders them useful agents, and thus they find consolation in enriching themselves by their arts, which sometimes leads them to renounce Judaism for the Koran. Al though their numbers at .Algiers are greet, yet they do not appear to have been noticed in the late assault by Lord Exmouth. Gregoire relates, that at Fez a day is appointed fur the dews' payment and tribute, and when they have laid it down they receive a blow on the feet, they then make profound obeisance and retire— Thus no persecution or indignity scent ever to induce them to leave the place where they have settled ; and we are told by Mr. Park, that even out African Moor deduced, that though he were a Christian, he should be better than a Jew. As our historian approaches nearer to modern times, she becomes more eircianstantial and devotes much of her attention to the different parts of Europe, where the efihrts for and against the house of Israel, have been as ingenious as severe.—The reformation, which has D'Levi's grateful thanks, in great measure freed the Jews from the persecutions to which they had been sertainly exposed in the middle ages ; but they entertain ed a hatred against Luther for having deterred some Christian Princes from receiving them into their domi nions. The author is every where careful to preserve the name and title of most of the Jewish works of any note which have appeared, and also the origin or tradi tion of the Jews first settling in any country ; both which THE NATIONAL REGISTER. services will be gratefully felt by all fitture historians; as their numbers in Poland arose from the same religi ous zeal which banished the reihrmation, the .lews were allowed un entire liberty of cons , ience, and which aliind ed more to their learned men there than in any other place in Europe. Ilumburgh has been styled the lesser Jerusalem from their numbers and commerce. Passing thence into I lungary, we are treated with a short recapitulation of the grand Jewish Council in (i5O, On the plain of Ageda, about leagues from Buda, for a complete investigation whether, after 16 centuries, "the Messiah was already come"—and the majority held that his delay arose from their sins and impenitence. They next proceeded to enquire into the pretensions of Jesus of Nazareth. They admitted or some Roman Catholic priests to explain the grounds o_ their fitith ; who, not content to prove him to be the Messiah, began to extol the worship, ceremonies, and authority of their church, in which they were inter rupted by the agitation of the offended Council, who cast dust upon their heads, crying out, Blasphemy tke. They were persuaded not to consult any Protestant Divines, and then the meeting was dissolved. The first conscientious convert recorded throughout these annals of ages, is one Mordecai Ben Moses, of Germany, who, utter having written against the New Testament, restudied it, renounced his errors, and in 1701 was baptised. If in these times other Jews could be induced to search as he did, they would most proba bly attain the same result. Three similiar instances are subjoined, alter their study of the 58d, of Isaiah. In the afiltirs of the Jews at Rome, we find their fate fir better than in other countries; although some of the Popes have been very rigid masters over them, yet, in general, they seem to have met with more lenity from that church than front any other potentate.—ln 1.595, Avignon was added to the cities of refuge, and they have ever since been settled there with entire li berty to exercise their religion. David Bomberg, in 1511, is mentioned with great respect as the first printer of Hebrew bibles—and cardinal Huge's division of the Scriptures into chapters, in 1240 ; their division into verses by Mordecai Nathan, in 1445. Towards the close of the sixteenth century, there were 800 of this nation at Padua, who had three synagogues. They had a very handsome ghetto or quarter assipted them, with three gates, which were shut every night ; the inscrip tion over one of them begins with these words— " That the people, heirs to the kingdom of Heaven, may have no communication with those who are disin herited." _ _ 1 he terrors of the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal, had the effect of converting, in appearance, many Jews —but when at length they could nut endure the mask, they tied to England and other countries: some, how ever, remained to avail themselves of the dissimulation said to be known by the Talmud, and actually in this disguise, attained some of the departments of the Catho lic priesthood, and many Franciscans, Dominicans, and Jesuits, went continually to the synagogue at Amster dam, to confess and esoiate their dissimulation, and many inquisitors and bishops were of the Hebrew ori gin. Mod. Univer. Hist. 13, 357. Gisborne's Christian Religion, 210—So lately as 22d July, 1800, the King of Spain ordered his ministers not to deliver any pass ports to Jews to enter his dominions.—The Spanish and Portuguese Jews pretend to derive their origin from the two tribes of Judah and Benjamin, who were sent into Spain at the Babylonish Captivity, and they are so proud of this origin, that they have separate syna gogues, and deny any communion with the German Jews. A Jew in Berlin married the daughter of a Portuguese Jew physieian.--her parents went into mounting, us for her death. Gregoire. The author very judiciously notices the chief of the learned men who have flourished in each country through which she tracts the Jewish history, and which fills up a chasm otherwise very wide in their an nals. Among those who acquired great influence in Holland, we are treated with an interesting memoir of Menasses Ben Israel, who, among his many other writings, published " The Hope of Israel," in which it is only said that he attempted to prove that the Ameri can natives are the descendants of the Ten Tribes—pro bably Dr. Boudinot was led to his elaborate research on the same subject by this work. Joseph Athites, a Spa niard by birth, published, in i 661, an elegant Hebrew bible, in which, fin the first time, the verses were num bered, and fiar which lie received front the States a mold chain and medallion. We are next furnished with an ample abstract of the life of the vacillating Acosta, whose doubts and indecision led him to infidelity, and in 161.7 finished in suicide !—Spinoza is shortly men tioned, who was a Jew by birth, a Christian through policy, and an Atheist by principle—which he reduced to a system. Notwithstanding these writers, the Jews in Holland arc stated to be the m o at enlightened part of the community. We bear willing testimony to the author's accuracy in describing the conduct of Oliver Cromwell to the .Jews, anti to his rejection of their vain flattery its offer ing him the title of Messiah, as also to the subsequent bill for the repeal of the act of Queen Anne, authoris inm their re-establis7iment in England; but from that period, there is too rapid a step to their present condi,- 1 ' : thin, to the death of Messrs. Goldsoti.l, t t:i literary merit of J. Van Oven, Esq.-on ail of *lb..: the reader wishes for more ample detail. From this point the author takes a succinct view of the Jews in all the states of Elirope, and last of all their history in America—and concludes her very able compilation by their general character, moral and literary—their pre sent numbers—and some very appropriate and pious re tleetion.—adopting die fiireible simile of St. Paul, limn. 11, 2.5. The natural branches of the Olive Tree, though now broken off by unbelief; will be grafted in again, and participate with the Gentiles in the blessings resulting from faith in the Messiah."—We take leave of our author with regret, we have cherished her work as Cowis2r eheriihee llomerand we sin cerely hope, that an English edition of it, will place it in the first libraries of our country. From the LONDON GAZETTE, Tuesday, Slay 27. BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED. COLLINS. W. St. George in the East. scavenger. N K RC PTS. WATSON, .1. Ilidwiek, Yorkshire, horse dealer, Tune 11,12, July 8, at the King's Head Inn, Appleby. Attomies. Mowisey and Fisher, Staple•inn. WEsT, G. K ing,ion-upon-Hull. draper, June 16, 17, .Tnly 8, at the Palace Inn, Manchester. Attorneys, Milne and Co. Temple. Bf./131CIIENNV. 1.. I)oVet.itreet, Pie. adilly, merchant,. May 51. Junc I. July 8, at Guildhall. Attorney, Walton, Warnford. court, Throginorton-strut. Marll Ewa, T. Porchesur, Southampton. miller, June 11, 12, July 8, at the Crown Inn, Portsmouth. Attorney, Shelton. Sessions House, London. WIIITCOMR, E. Worcester, baker, June 26. 27, July A. Pt the flop-pole Inn, Worcester. Attomies, Cardale and Young, Gray's-inn. EvEtraan, B. H. London, merchant, June 20, 23, July R. at the George Inn, Liverpool. Attorney, Windle, John -street, Balford-row. Bnoostast, .1. Margate, brewer. May 28, June C, July 8, at the Royal Hotel, Mitigate. Attorney Taylor, John-st. B2dford-row. ARROWSMITH, W. Stoke, Sraffit;lshire. earthenwaresnianufac turer, June 16, 17, July 8, at the Star and Garter Tavern, Li verpool. Attornies, Amon and Co. Castle-street, Ilolborn. JEFF Ensom. T. Wigton, Ctunberland, draper, May no, 31,July a. at the King's Arms Inn, Wigton. Attorney, Williams, Bed I.ion-square I.IOIITFOOT, It. Carlisle, iron-merchant. June 11, 12, July P. at the Crown and Mitre Inn, Carlisle. Attorney, Addison, Staple:- Inn, Ilolborn. Hasidim, J. and OLDHAM. 3. H. Manchester. liquor.merchants. June 23, 24, July 8. at the Dug Tavern, Manchester. Actor. nies. Iluel and Co. Temple. Bow Lim, J. Wilmslow, Cheshire. cotton-spinner, June 27, 24, July 8, at the Dog Inn, Manchester. Attorneys, Willis, Clarke and Co. Temple. DOUBLEDAY, W. Nottingham, lace-manufacturer.. June 16, 17. .luly 8, at the Bell Inn, Warminster, Wiltshire. Attorney. Lowden, Clentent's.inn. Davits, W. and 1.. Liverpool, timber-merchants. June 16. 17. July 8, at the George Inn, Liverpool. Attorney, Chester, Ste ph.-inn, Holborn. Sat cr must, W. Woodhouse, West Riding, Yorkshire, miller, June 13, 14, July 8, at the Manchester Arms 11bralberbee. Attornies, Hurd, Shaw, and Johnenn. Temple. DIVIDENDS. J. Kelly, Willa - A-street, Finsbury-square. merchant, June 17. Fever. Nether Compton, Dorset, linen-manufacturer,June 17. J. Blow, Ware, Herefordshire, malt-factor, June 17 .1. Perkins. Reading, Berkshire, haberdasher, June 17. W. Dunliar, IVonnwood-street, merchant. June 17. R. Cashed. Liverpool, watch-maker, June 27. B. Willoughby, Plymouth, and U. Tbonras, Cheapaide, hat ma. null:auras. July 5. K. Turner, Hertford. merchant, June 28. W. Barber, Bishop Suntfonl, Hertfordshire, butcher, June 21. T. Hugh, Bishop Stortford, money-scrivener, June 21. J. Knott and W. Smith. Duke-strixt. Southwark, hatters, Jane 21. A. Keating, Strand, silt ersmith. June 21. W. Winsor, Plymouth, tavern keeper, June 18. S. Hyman, Plymouth Dock, jeweller, June 30. J. Pilgrim, Great Wilbraham. Cambridge, victualler, June 19. T. Russell, Beverley, Yorkshire, victuaUer, June J. Par l:„ IValerit. Somersershire, carpenter, June 23. I'. Odell. Sloane-square, bricklayer. June 17. T. Allimttoti, Fenny Stratford, Buckinghamshire, grocer, .Tune 21. G. Brsaii, Southampton-street, ('event-garden, surgeon, Junt 17. E. Curtis. Chiswick, surgeon. June 21. C. C. Doorman. tiellelosc-square, sugar refiner, June 21. S. Minton, Minorics, woollen-draper. June 21. W. Miller, Mitre-court, Fleet-street, merchant, June 21. W. Leggin, New .street. linen draper, June 24. W. Flower and J. Mainwaring, Chichester-rents, Chancery-Lae, jewellers. June 17. W. S. Robb, Illackfriar's.road. merchant. June 21. B. Abraham, Lotlibury. merchant, June 24. 11. Ilechy, Cockennoudi, Cumberland, merchant, June 18. M. A. Collier, Rumford. baker, June 17. T. Bradnock, %Vahan, Stafford, saddlers ironmonger, June 23. CERTIFICATES--Joam 17. J. Jordan, Hounditch. spirit dealer.-11. Cooper, Gloucester. cheese factor.-G. Arundcll, Totnoss, Devonshire, biewer.--J. Mural, 'routers, Devonshire, ironmonger-J. Tunstall, Huvton Lancashire, butcher-J. Humphries, Birmingham, merchant-T. Bunn, Fenchurch-buildings. merchantr-.J. Glover. Knatrep, Yorkshire, woolstapler-G. Savage. Huddersfield, watchmaker-. 1. Bell. Thrildon, Yorkshire. worsted sniff manufacturer-W. Connie, North Shields, ship owner-W. lloldsworth, Bradford, Yorkshire, woolstapler-Nl. and ti. 'rain. Leamington. Warverkshire, milli ners-W.(1(11)rd, Stow-on the-Wold, Gloucestershire, stone mason R. Dixon, Purtsat, taylor-U. Leaning, Wray, Lancashire, shopkeeper. SINGVL %R. WAGER.—A respectable termer of Kirton Lind sey, Lincolnshire for a wager of a few pounds. midertooh, short time since, to tide i pony lip two pair of stairs into the chamber of the George 11111. :111t1 down again ; which lie actu ally performed. to the astion-hotelit of a numerous company. What makes the performonve more viondritill ir, that the farmer weighs nu nerds of eleven stone, mud the pony upon which he rode, twiny, afterwards weighed to decide other wa; ; er., did nut weigh quite thirty steno. Cock FIGHTING— ACCOrdille 10 111111111141 custom, a main of cocks was fought daring the Races at Choister. Early in the morning of the fiist day's orsri, the following instly satirical invitatiom was fuaud posted on the eitironve to the cock pit :--•• This is to give 111/lief' to all lovers 4.f cruelty and promoters of misery, that this day will be provided for their diversion, Um, Slik niniisement of cock lighting. which cannot fail to git e great delight to every breast divested of toms u s ; and doubtiess this pastime must lie vi-va‘ly approved of by those also have neither reverence for the Deity or benevolence fur his crcistures."