Star. — London, England, 1823-01-04 00:00:00

I Treasury, during the same period, have exceeded 12,279,000 dollars, leaving in the Treasury, on the 30th day of September last (including • 168,592 dol lars and el cents, which were in the Treasury on the Ist day of January last), a sum exceeding 4,123,060 dollars. . 46 Besides discharging all demands for the current service . of the year, including the interest and reim bursement of the Public Debt, the Six per Cent. Stoc k of 1796, amounting to 80,000 dollars, has been re• deemed. It is estimated that, after defraying the current expenses of the pt esent quarter, and redeem ing the two millions of Six per Cent. Stock of 1820, there will remain in the Treasury, on the Ist day of January next, nearly 3,000,000 of dollars. It is estimated that the gross amount of duties which• have been secured, from the fit of January to the 30th of September last, has exceeded 19,500,000 dollars, and the amount for the whole year will probably not fall short of 23,000,000 of dollars. " Of the actual force in service under the present military establishment, the posts at which it is sta. tioned, and the condition of each post, a Report from the Secretary of War, which is now corn- Municated, will give a distinct . idea: By like Re ports, the state of the Academy at West Point will be seen, as well as the progress which has been made in the fortifications along the coast, and at the na tional armories and arsenals. " The position on the Red River, and that at the Sault of St. Marie, are the only new posts that have been taken. These posts, with those already occupied in the interior, are thought to be well adapted to the protection of our frontiers. All the force not placed in the garrisons along the coast, and in the ordnance depots, and indispensably necessary there, is placed on the frontiers. 64 The organization of the several corps com posing the army is such as to admit its expansion to a great extent, in case of emergency, the officers car rying with them all the light which they possess to the new corps to which they might be appointed. 44 With the organization of the Staff there is equal cause to be satisfied. By the concentration of every branch, with its chief in this city, in the pre sence of the department, and with a grade in the chief military station, to keep alive and cherish a mi litary spirit, the greatest promptitude in the execu tion of orders, with the greatest economy and effi- . Ciency, are secured. The same view is taken of the Military Academy. Good order is preserved in it, and the. youth are well instructed in every science connected with the great objects of the institution. They are also well trained and disciplined in the practical parts of the profession. It has always been found difficult to controul the ardour inseparable from that early age, in such manner as to give it a proper direction. The rights of manhood are too often claimed prematurely; in pressing which too far, the respect which is due to age, and the obe dience necessary to a course of study and instruc tion, in every' such institution, are sometimes lost sight of. T. e great object to be accomplished - is the restraint of that ardour, by such wise regulations and igaVernMent, as, by directing all the energies of the youthful. mind to the attainment of useful know. ledge, will keep' it within a just subor.lination, and at the same time elevate it to the highest purposes. This abject seems to be essentially obtained inthis insti tution, and with great advantage to the Union. 64 The Military Academy forms • the basis in re tard to science, on which the military establishment • rests. It furnishes annually, after the examination, and On the report of the academic staff, many well informed youths, to fill.the vacancies which occur in the - several corps of the army ; while others, who re tire to private life carry with them such attainments as, under the right reserved to the several States to appoint the Officers and to train the Militia, will enable them, by affording a wider field for selection, to promote the great object of the power vested in Congress, of providing for the organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia. Thus, by the mutual' and harmonious co-operation of the two Govern ments in the execution of a power divided between them, an object always to be cherished, the attain ment of a great result on which our liberties may depend, cannot fail to be secured. I have to add, that in proportion as our regular force is small, should the instruction and discipline of the Militia, the great resource on which we rely, be pushed to the 'lnmost extent that circumstances will adniit. .4 A report from the Secretary of the Navy will Communicate the progress which has been made in the construction of vessels of war, with other in teresting details, respecting the actual state of the affairs of that department. It has been found neces-, - sary for the protection of our commerce to maintain •the usual squadrons on the Mediterranean, the Pad fic, and along the Atlantic coast, extending the cruises of the latter into the West Indies, where pi racy, organised into a system, has preyed on the com merce of every country trading thither. A cruise 'has also been maintained on the coast of Africa, when the season• would permit, for the suppression of the Slave Trade; and orders have been given to the ComManders of an our public ships to seize our own vessels, should they find any engaged in that trade, and to bring them in for adjudication. " In the West Indies piracy is of recent date, which may explain the cause why other Powers have not combined against it. By the documents commu nicated, it will be seen that the efforts of the United States to suppress it have had a very salutary effect. The benevolent provision of . the Act, under which the protection has been extended alike to the commerce of other nations, cannot fail to be duly appreciated by them. In compliance with the Act of 'the last Session, entitled • An Act to abolish the United ;States' Trading Establishments,' agents were imme diately appointed aud instructed under. the direction of the Secretary of the 'freasury, to close the busi ness of the 'trading-houses among the Indian tribes, and . to settle the accounts of the factors and sub-lac ' tors engaged in that trade, and to execute, in all ;Other respects, the injunctions of that Act, in the naoje . Preicrilsed therein. A final report of their pro ceedings VIA be cOinmunicated to Congress as soon •!sis it is received. - 4 4 ft is with great regret I have to state that a seri ous malady hatileprived us of many valuable citi- Ilimeius4l Pensacola, and checked the progress of some arrangements which are important to the • territory. This effett has been sensibly 'felt with respect to the Indians who inhabit that territory, con sitting of the remnants of soverid tribes, who.o4opy the middle grounckbetween !It. Augustine and Pen-1 satirla, with extensile claims, but undcfroei! bounda ries. Although peate is reserved with those Indians, yet their position and claims tend essentialltto inter rupt the intercourse between the eastern and western parts of the territory on which our inhabitants are principally settled. It is essential to the growth and prosperity of the territory, as well as to the inter ccurse of the union, that these Indians should be re moved, by special compact with them, to some other position, or concentrated within narrower limits where they are. With the limited means in the power of the Executive, instructions were given to the Governor to accomplish this object, so far as it mi, ; lit be prac ticable, which is as prevented by the distressing ma lady referied to. To carry it fully into effect in either mode, additional funds will be necessary, to the pro vision of which the powers of Congress alone are competent. With a view of such provision as may be deemed proper, the subject is submitted to your consideration, and in the interim further proceed ings are suspended. . " It appeared that so much of the Act, entitled An Act for regulating the Staff of the Army,' which passed on the 14th of April, 1818, as 'relate; to the Commissariat, will expire in April next, and the prac tical operation of that. department having evinced its great utility, the propriety of its renewal is submitted to your consideration. ". The view which has been taken of the probable productiveness of the lead mines, connected with the importance of the material to the public defence, makes it expedient that they should be managed with peculiar care. It is therefore suggested whether it • will not comport with the public interest to provide by law for the appointment of an agent skilled in mineralogy to superintend them, under the direction of the proper department. " It is understood that the Cumberland Road, which was:constructed at a great expense, has already suffered from the want of that regular superintend ence, and 'of those repairs which arc indispensable to the preservation of such a work. This road i; of in calculable advantage in facilitating the intercourse between the Western and Atlantic States. Through ' it the whole country, from the northern extremity ofl Lake Erie to the Mississippi, and from all the waters, which empty into each, finds an easy and direct com munication to the seat of Government, and thence to the Atlantic. The facility which it affords to all mi litary and commercial operations, and also to those of the post-office department, cannot be estimated too highly. This great work is likewisi an ornament, and an honour to the nation. Believing that a com petent power to adopt and execute a system of in ternal improvement has not been granted to Con gress, .but that such a power, confined to great na tional purposes, and with proper limitatipns, would be productive of eminent advantage to our Union, I have thought it advisable that an amendment of the Constitution, to that effect, should be recommended to the several States. A Bill which assumed the right to adopt and execute such a system having • been presented for my signature, at the last Session, I was compelled," from the view which I had taken of the pOwerS of the General Government, to negative it, on which occasion I thought it proper to commu nicate the sentiments which I had formed, on mature consideration, on the whole subject. To that corn. munication, in all the views in which the great inte rest to which it relates way be supposed to merit your attention, I have now to refer. Should Con gress, however, deem it improper to recommend such an amendment, they have, according to my judg ment, the right to keep the road in repair, by provid ing for the superintendence of it, and appropriating the money necessary for repairs. Surely, if they had the-right to apropi late money to make the road, they have a right to appropriate it to preserve the road from ruin. From the exercise of this power no dan ger is to be apprehended. " Under our happy system, the People are the sole and exclusive fountain of power. Each Government originates trom them, and to them alone, each to its proper Constituents, are they respectively and solely responsible, for the fgithful discharge of their duties, within their constitutional limits,: and that the People will confine their public agents, of every station, to the strict line of their constitutional duties, there is no cause to doubt. .Having,lowever, communicated my sentiments to Congress, at the last Session, fully, in the document to which I have referred, respecting the right of appropriation as distinct from the right of jurisdiction and sovereignty over the territory in. question, I deem it:improper to enlarge on the subject here. • " From the best information that I have been able to obtain, it appears that our manufactures, though depressed immediately after the peace, have consi derably increased, and are still increasing, under the encouragement given them by the Tariff of 1816, and by subsequent laws. Satisfied I am, whatever may be the abstract doctrine in favour of unrestricted commerce, provided all nations would concur in it, and it was not liable to be interrupted by war, which has never occurred, and cannot be expected, and there are other strong reasons applicable to our situa tion and relations with other countries, which impose on us the obligation to cherish and sustain our manu factures. • Satisfied, hc'wever, I likewise am, that the interest of every part of_ our Union, even of those most benefitted by manufactures, requires that this subject should be touched with the greatest caution, and a critical knowledge of the effect to be produced by the slightest change. On full consideration of the subject, in all its relations, I .am persuaded, that a further augmentation may now -be made of the' duties on certain foreign articles, in favour of our own, and without affecting, hijuriously, any other interest. Fur more precise details, I refer you to the communications which were made to Congress during the last Session. • " So great was the amount of accounts for nioniee advanced during the late war, in addition to others of a previous date, which, in the regular operations of the Government necessarily rema i ned unsettled, that it required a considerable length of time for their ad." justment. By a report from the First Comptroller of the Treasury, it appears that, on the 4th of March, 1817, the accounts then unsettled amounted to 105,068,876 dollars 41 cents. of which, on the 80th of September, of the present year, 95,175496 dollars and 56 cents. had been settled . ; leaving on that day a *balance unsettled of 91#93,479 dollars 85 -cents. That there have been drawn from the Treasury, in ' Goarpn- meat in all its dpervions and di Aidts'ethente, isinde paying thee - public debt, and sustaining tbe the 4th of March, 1817, 157,199;430 and end , 96 cents. the accounts for which havf been the amount 1,451 do l lar s of 137,50 settled tO It cents. leaving a balance unsettled of 19,697.929 dollars and 84 cents. For precise details respecting each of these balances, I refer to the report of the Comptroller, and the documents which accompany it. " From this view it appears that our commercial differences with France and Great Britain have been placed in a train of amicable arrangement, on con , ditions fair and honourable, in both instances, to each' party ; that our finances are in a very is; oductiva state, our revenue being at present fully competent to all the demands upon it ; that our military force is well organized in all its branches , and capable of rendering the most impertant service, in case of emergency, that its number will admit of; that due progress has been made, under existing appropria tions, in the construction of fortifications, and in the operation of the ordnance department ; that due pro. greys has, in like manner, been made in the - constt sic don of ships of war ; that our navy is in the best condition, felt and respected in every sea in which it is employed for the protection of our commerce ; that our manufactures have augmented in amount, and improved in quality ; that great .progress has been made in the settlement of accounts, and in re covery of the balances due - to indieiduals; and that the utmost economy is secured and observed in every department of the administration. " Other objects will likewise claim your attention because, from the station which the United States hold, as a member oldie greatcommunity of -nations, they have rights to' maintain, duties, to perterm, and dangers to encounter. ~,,. -.. . . . " A strong hope was entertained that peace would, ere this, have been concluded between Spain and the Independent Governments south of the United States in this hemisphere. Long experience having evinced the competency of those Governments to maintain the independence which they had declared, it was presumed that the considerations whic.4 induced their recognition by the United 'States would have had equal weight with other Powers, and that Spain her self, yielding to those magnanimous feelings of Which her history furnishes so many examples, would have terminated, on that basis, a controversy so un availing, and at the same time so destructive. We still cherish the hope that the result will not long be postponed. . " Sustaining our neutral position, and allowing to each party, while the war continues, equal rights, it is incumbent on the United States to claim of each with equal rigour the faithful observance of our rights, according to the well-known law of nations. From each, therefore, a like co-operation is expected in the suppression of the piratical practice which has grown out of this war, and of blockades of extensive coasts on both seas, which, considering the small force employed to sustain them, have not the slightest foundation to rest on. " Europe is still unsettled; and although the war long menaced between Russia and Turkey has not broken out, there is no certainty that the differences 'between-those Powers will be amicably adjusted. It is impossible to look to the oppressions of the coun try respecting which those differences arose, without being deeply affected... The mention of Greece fills the mind with the most exalted sentiments, and arouses in our bosoms the best feelings of which ou r nature is susceptible. Superior skill and - refinement in the Arts, heroic gallantry in actias, disinterested patriotism, enthusiastic zest! and devotion in favour of public and personal liberty, 'are associated with our recollections f. - Ii ancient Greece. " That such a country should have been over whelmed, and so long hidden, as it were, from the World, under a gloomy despotism, has been a cause of unceasing and deep regret to generous minds for ages past. It was natural, therefore, that the re-ap pearance of those people in their original character, contending in favour of their liberties, should pro duce that great excitement and sympathy in their fa vour, which have been so signally displayed through. out the United States. A strong hope is entertained that these people will recover their independence, and resume their equal station among the nations of the earth. " A great effort has been made in Spain and Por tugal to improve the condition of the people, and it must be very consoling to all benevolent minds to see the extraordinary moderation with which it has been conducted. That it may promote the happi ness of both nations, is the ardent wish of this whole people, to the expression of which we confine our selves; for, whatever may be the feelings or senti ments which every individual under our Government has a right to indulge and express 4 it is nevertheless a sacred maxim, equally with the Government -and 'People, that the destiny of every independent na tion, in what relates to such improvements, of right belongs, and ought to be left, exclusively to themsel ves t " Whether we reason from the late wars, or from those menacing symptoms which now appear in Eu rope, it is manifest that, if a convulsion should take place in any of those countries, it will proceed from causes which have no existence, -and are utterly un known in these States, in which there is but one order, that of the People, to whom the Sovereignty exclusively belongs. Should war break out in any of those countries, who can forethll the event to which it may be carried, or the desolation which it may spread? Exempt as we are from these causes, ourinternal tranquillity is secure; and distant as we are {tom the troubled scene, and faithful to just prin.' ciples in regard to other Powers, we might i easonably presume that we should not be molested by them.— This, however, ought not to be calculated on as cerz taiu. Unprovoked injuries ate often inflicted, and' even the peculiar felicity of our situation might, With some,. - be a cause for excitement and aggression. The history of the late wars in Europe furnishes a com plete demonstratiOn: that no system of conduct, how ever correct in pi inciple, can protect neutral Porkers from injury, froufany party ;• that a defenceless rosi tion, and distinguished love of peace, are the surest invitations to wars, and that there is - no way to avoid it, other than alsrais being prepared and willing, for just cause, to meet it. If there be a People on earth ;:more especial duty it is to be at 01l times pre `r 'to defend therights with which they are blessed, in sustaining the necessary audio surpass all ethers but dens, and in sabiiiitting to sacrifices to make such preparations, it isalndoibtedly the lbople of. these, Mattes. When we see that a 6,11 war of the ntastriOt— till character rages from the Adriatic to the Black Sea; that strong syniptoms of war appear in other parts, proceeding from causes which, should it hire* out, may become general, and be of long dorationi. that the war still "contintres between Spain Arid the Ineeoendent Governments, her late Provinces, in t hi g , hemisphere; that it is likewise menaced betssees h p , tugal and : Brazil, in consequence of the .itterept aft the latter to dismember itself froths the former agt that a system of piracy, of great extent, is mainteiner in the neighbouring seas, which will require evil& vigilance and decision to suppress it, the reasons - km sustaining the attitude which we now hold, and fee pushing forward all our measures of defence with eh* utmost vigour, appear to me to acquire new force. A 4 , The United States owe•to the world a great spy ample, and, by means thereof, to the cause of liLerty: and humanity a generous support. They have so far succeeded, to the satisfaction of the virtuous and es.: lightened of every country. There is no reason doubt that their whole movement will be regulate& by a sacred regard to principle, all .our institutioak being founded on that basis. The ability to suppner our.own cause, under any trial to which it may ii, etposed, is the gre tt point on which public solicitude rests. It has been often charged against free Go.' vernments, that they have neither the foresight nni• the virtue to provide, at the proper season, for g r eat emergencies ; that their course is improvident and ex pensive; that war will always find them unprepared; and, whatever may be its calamities, that its terrible. warnings will be disregarded and forgotten as soon as peace returns. I have full confidence that thit• charge, so far as relates to the United States, %sillier shewn to be utterly destitute of truth. • "JAMES MONTIOL " Washirgton, December 3, Ise2." EPIPHANY, OR TWELFTH DAY. The rites of this clay, the name of which signifies an appearance of light, or a manifestation, are dire ferent in various places, but all in honour of the Eastern Magi. In the ancient calendar of the Romish Church, there is an observation on the sth day of January, the eve or vigil of the Epiphany: " Kings created or elected by beans." The sixth is called " The Festival of Kings," with this additional remark, " that the ceremony c f electing Kings was cont:naed with feasting for many days." In the cities and act• demies of Germany, the students and citizens chase* one of their own number for King, p r ,,vi e fin g a w l! magnificent banquet on the otcasii.n. In Franey duting the aticien regime, one of the Courtiers was chosen King, and the Nobles attended on this day* an entertainment. With the French, " Le Roi de la Five" signifies.* Twelfth Night King ; and they have a proverb, IP n a trouve la Poe au gateau," signifying, " he is 1a luck," Ate. but. literally, 14 he has found the bean is ' the cake." The_evenink and early - part of the night of the ; 'Epiphany in Home is a feast particularly dear tochll-. dren. Not that they draw King and Queen al, do, but there are cakes and-sneetmeats 7 :-„i6 u i t, 4 in short all good things, sold : wil d q i von • awar upoil the occasion. The r.eeta della Rotonlla is partica& lady distinell'..s . red by the gay appearanceof thefruit and c.?.'fie stalls, ornamented with flowers, and lighted %mh . paper lanterns. Pers ons dressed up to re,enille the pictures of Mother Bunch or Mother Goose, and called Beffana, are led about thestrects, and a great deal of popular 'wit is displayed. But these visible Beffanas are nothing in importance to the invisible. When the children go to bed, each child hangs ape stocking near the pillow. If the child has beengoes4 the stocking is filled with sweetmeats and cake, • be fore morning ; but if naughty, the Beffana puts no. thing but stones and dirt into it; and we have seen (says Mrs. Graham) many a smile and many a tea occasioned by the impartial gifts of the &Irani The Carnival commences On Twelfth-day, and usually holds till Lent. During this festival at Paris, the grand annual procession of a Fat Ox, with all it. motley accompaniments of buffoonery, the glory of Paris, and the pride and joy of the Boulevards, fast for three whole days together. • A curious species of carnival spectacle was pi pared and executed by Pietro di Cosimo, a Fiore*. tine painter, who flourished shortly after ;Leonardo' da Viaci. It consisted of processions of three or foal hundred persons, dressed to represent partien lir stork'', with much splendour and whimsicality. On one oc casion he got up, with great secresy, the Triinal Death, .which WAS performed by torch-light: a WI car was drawn by black buffaloes, and painted with skulls and crosses; Death sat triumphant on his due* surrounded by yawning sepulchres, from which; at every halt, the dead arose, and sung dolorous mimic. —Several men on horseback, painted to' nepreietit skeletons, were the escort, with stsff:eri, dresiedili the mutes at funerals, bearing black torches:. The black standard of death, with skulls and cross-bone!, was borne aloft, while a ffrourning band thundered forth the iniserere. The terrified people at first /led in horror; but, struck with the novelty, soon-re• turned, and Pietro, as Vaiari tells, was loaded with praises (summamente todato). -Andrea del Sato, his pupil, assisted'in the execution of-this triumph, which was supposed to allude to the return of the Media, then banished. from Florence. it was the bad (auk. of the day thus to mingle sacred and p:ofatie sionsi in the Midst of this Carnival festival thei bit the 10th Psattn.—Time's Telescope. • - DIED. Thursday evening, in Lower Grosvenor-street, Mrs. B Watson, aged 86, relict of the late John Watson, F. slot* of Jlumphry Hanmer, of Hanmer-Hall, = Fog. which he left to her . idow dating his life, and devolves to Sir Thomas tialimer, Karr. • _,* At Creep .Lane, in.the ari hof Balaton, Cumberland* 4 0 01 74, Mrs. Elizaist.h Crosier, a maiden Lady ? sister of Drs,Cfr,„. ler, who sailed round t'..e world with: Cdptiun Cook.. fibee.. • • in the possession of hnmense wealth. • o -Ai lol4- 0 MAILS.. ,•an. nu a. •1116 4 1 Dublin 1 , 0 France 1 lip Waterf9o, 1 1 Haqibuigit 0 Guettisey . and Jersey . 0 0 Flanders • al . I .i.tvon - -* • 1. Malta' .. 0 -Ai Hoillan& ; 0 • 1 Gnstenhistgls 4tii-4.• Amoriea .: . 0 44 Stull - „ _:iiii;44:wAtita., LONDON iIIUDGC TO-la • . Itturnmaii - - ... - ao "Ma rna 4402 . 4 neenoun. ~,... ... . ~ • 10 minute' 0 4111 . .49,/,, r r oZ4 an a totkha 11 torn 14•41', . '. • 7 '' :- .." - "": ttija Ttosple.Sat. ...., ..x.- ,; A. ..•