Star. — London, England, 1831-02-25 00:00:00

I FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRANCE AND BELGIUM. Front the Mena .er des Chambray, dated Feb. 23. general subject of conversation is a new regiment of H uss ars which is to be shortly formed, by the name of the Tricoloured] Hussars :" the formation of this regiment to bay by a national subscription. It is a happy ides, and we conirratillate the patriots with whom it originated. The plan ha; twee presented by its authors to his Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans, who, after having minutely examined it,was plc . • I.el to express to those gentlemen the great interest he felt their scheme. The principal basis obtained the approba tion of his Royal Highness; and the uniform, which is, per haps, the handsomest in the whole army, appeared to him to merit the approbation of those who are the most difficult to be pleased in such matters. His Royal Highness has sent tile plan to the Minister of War, and we have this moment ! , arned that General Preval is ordered to report upon it. It said that the regiment of Tricoloured Hussars is to consist of 1,440 men, equipped and paid by a subscription, and to be presented to the whole nation in the person of its King. Tim formation of this regiment would be a good opportunity to recall to active service many officers of the old army, who have hitherto remained without employment, notwith standing the good intentions of Marshal Souk. The Moniteur contains a royal ordinance, fixing the number of the members of the Commission for conducting the business formerly entrusted to the Board of Commerce and Colonies at nine ' and nominating M. Odier and M. Cunin Gridaine, both Deputies, to be members of the Com mission. By another ordinance, the exhibition of the pro ductions of the manufactories of France, which was to take pace this year, is postponed, and the Chambers of Com merce and Manufactures are directed to consider and report their opinion as to the most desirable period for the open =of the next exhibition, and whether it should continue ro be renewed every fourth year, or at any other stated i•ericals. The Courrier Francais says—" In the deliberation which took place in the council for the removal of M. Odillon Bar rot, M. Montalivet, who bad sent in his resignation, abstained from taking a part as a party concerned. It is asserted that on the first day there was an equal division between the six other members of the cabinet, and that on the second four ;eras against two pronounced for the removal. It was only ,fier this decision that the minister of the interior consented to resume his office. We hear that M. Odillon Barrot de clined the embassy at Constantinople, offered him by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, and the presidency of the ComitC des Contentieux of the council of state, proposed to hint by the minister of public instruction." " It is asserted," says the Journal de Paris, " that a ma -1 tority of the Belgian Congress is determined to maintain the , lection of the Duke de Nemours, and to appoint a Regency until he attains his full age, and may make known his own ,y,11. - -The Berlin State Gazette asserts that the history of the Belgians is without one single brilliant point. The Berlin State Gazette expresses its satisfaction at the resolution of the King of the French to refuse the crown of Belgium for the Duke de Nemours in the following terms:— This refusal proves that Louis Philip by no means wishes t.. make conquests, but prefers to lead on his people in the career of peace and civilization. His refusal has gained for Fiance more friends than a victory. The communal law, which is preparing, will produce more communes than would i.ave been conquered in many campaigns. History will re cord the King's resolution as one of his most remarkable vic tories—a victory gained over himself. " It is asserted," says the Avenir, " that a warrant of ar rest has been issued against a celebrated financier, (ex-con tractor) who kept up a correspondence with Holyrood. Hav ing received a hint of it, he is said to have taken to flight, ac companied by an Englishman. His sudden departure has left several large amounts unsettled on 'Change." The surveillance and defence of the entire coast of France is, at this moment, under the consideration of the Minister of War and the Minister of the Interior. It is asserted that 50 companies of coast artillery are to be formed from the National Guards of the maritime departments, for the purpose of con structing new batteries and manuing the field artillery. We learn from Brest that the brig Le Lizard sailed from that port on the 15th instant, for Bourbon, with arms. The Melpomene, a 60 gun frigate, and the Algesiras, an 80 gun ;sip of the line, quitted that port on the 16th. CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES.—Srrytmo or FIB. 23. At a quarter to two o'clock, the President entered the Chamber again to.d,ty : the Vice-President M. Dupin Ain* occupied the chair of 'I. C. Perier, whose late exercising has entirely exhausted all his •iringth, sod he is now obliged to keep his room. At two o'clock the ':wing commenced, when M. Palsy ascended the tribune to communi cate a report of commission relating to 2,000,000 of francs. demanded tor the pensions of officers in the army, &c. The Chamber was very attended by the Deputies : the few who were there were perfectly Awn ive to the report. The :I!inister of Foreign Affairs, Sebastiani, announced the follow trg communication from Government. He said that the Government ::cognized the necessity of laying before the nation, from time to time, I •ne steps they had taken, and the motives whi c h had actuated those : ~ cps ; that they now thought proper to expose to the Chamber what had ten finally done with respect to Belgium. It had been the business of !lelgium to chooses monarch for herself; and her chief point, that which I vas necessary to render a stable and datable nation of herself, was the :h rise of a monarch who would be well received and recognized by the ther powers of Europe. They (the Belgians) had triumphed over adoc tr.ne that had existed in Europe, and was conflimed against her in 1814. France had done the same in July. but she had likewise triumphed by lie steps she immediately took in obtaining the recognition of other :rem Powers, and establishing her own strength and independence: :oat was not yet the case with Belgium : she bad it yet to do. And France, he continued, had, while she perfectly observed the system of ' .ton-intervention, co-operated with other nations, so as to establish the .ndependence of Belgium. It had been endeavoured to name a Prince, who would be favoured by all Europe. There had been at tempts made for the Prince of Orange and his son ; unfortunata those had tailed, in c o n sequence o f t h e resentment w hi c h t h e gians still entertained towards the Nausea, for the violence committed by them in the late revolution. Prince Othon, of Bavaria, Had been suggested by the Belgians, to whom France would willingly have consented ; but while the negotiations wete going on, on this head, the Belgians roused by former remembrances. and triendly wishes to wards France, changed their first thoughts of this Prince to propose the union with France ; but France had to consult the opinion of other fla ttens, to avoid an appearance of ambition, as the means of avoiding a oar of jealousy with all Europe. It was a principle well known, that country could not aggrandize her limits without a war, for which reason France would have refused the Union if it had been officially offered. He continued that the Duke of Nemours i:ad then become, with the Duke of Leuchteeburg, candidates of ''tat throne. Notwithstanding, he said, that the Duke of Leuehten. burg was the adopted son of the great man to whom France owed much and such high glory (and entering into great eulogia on Napoleon); he said that she would maintain her principle of amity Into the other Powers, and would not recognise him as sting of Belgium. He a ft e rw a rd s expressed the great satisfaction of the King !ti hearing that the Duke de Nemours was named, but was obliged to refuse it for the grounds already stated. He added, that all the Cabinets of the ()teat Powers of Europe were united to preserve the General peace General Lamarque was left at the tribune, speaking against the treasure of the Government, for their refusal, at four o'clock. ITALY. BoLoa A , FEB. 1 I. The Prolegate has been escorted , u the frontiers of Rome, his native place. Some public functionaries, who were obnoxious, have been removed, and their places filled by others who enjoy the general esteem.— here is to be a convocation for the election of a constituent , issembly ; it appears that the republican form will be adopted, and that the country will be divided into confederate states. The five legations will form one of these states, the Marches with the Duchy of Urbino another, the Duchy of Mudena a third, and so on in proportion as they become free. I he Duke of Modena took with him 37 carriages, contain ing his treasure and all his valuables. Ferrara is also free, th , ,i:gh the fortress is held by an Austrian garrison, which I , i, remained a mere spectator of the events that have passed, without taking any part in them. It is impossible to form an idea of the enthusiasm that prevails here; the streets and high roads are as safe at night as in the day-time. Since the revolution, there has been neither robbery uor act of aggression. Gifts of horses, money, arms, &c. are made to the Government. A counter-revolutionary attempt at Modena has been frus trated. Some partisans of the ex-duke, assuming the mask • of the most violent liberalism, endeavoured to sow dissention among the patriots by pretending in a patriotic club that it was necessary to throw off the yoke of the Provisional Go vernment of Bologna. They were, however, arrested on the 13th, and sent off to Reggio. The authorities of Milan have officially announced the determination of the Cabinet of Vienna to interfere in the affairs of central Italy. General Nugent has arrived by forced marches at Laybach, with 50,000 men, and the same number of Hungarians, who were to form the camp of observation in Gallicia, have also been directed to move towards Italy. It appears to be decided that the Aus trians are to enter Piedmont. M. de Barante, tho French Ambassador, had not been able to obtain from the Austrian General Paolucci any explanation beyond a declaration that " his Sardinian Majesty is master in his own territories, and does not hold himself bound to account for his conduct to any one." The following is the population of the Italian states that have risen and proclaimed the Italian confederation : The Modenese, Duchy of Massa, and Principality of Carrara 473,505 The Legation of Bologna ... 170,600 The Legation of Ferrara 135,600 The Romagna The States of Parma and Placentia 230,000 The March of Ancona The Duchy of Urbino The Principality of Lucca ... 56,000 Total 1,061,705 All these states can put under arms about 120,000 patriots between 20 and 30 years of age ; and it is said that, in case of need, 250,000 citizens will be ready to march against the foreign enemy. The Augsburgh Gazette contains the following, of the 11th inst. from Milan:—" We enjoy perfect tranquillity here. According to accounts from Placentia, of the 10th inst. every thing was quiet there; but a report was current that Austrian troops were expected. The new government formed at Bologna has assumed the title of Federazione Ita lica. It has been asserted that blood has been shed at Forli and Ancona. A report is prevalent of the King of Naples being on the point of giving a new Constitution to his states." The same paper communicates the following in telligence, dated frontiers of Italy, Feb. 15 :—" In conse quence of the alarming accounts which have been received from Italy, several Austrian regiments have received orders from Gen. Frimont to hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment's notice. We learn that 30,000 men from Styria will be added to the Austrian army in Lombardy.— Gen. Frimont is to employ the troops under his command according to circumstances, and to send them, at the re quest of the different Italian princes, wherever their pre sence may be necessary for the preservation or restoration of order. The treaties entered into with most of the Italian Governments compel the Austrian Cabinet to assist them with a certain number of troops to preserve their rights. The events which have occurred at Modena, Bologna, and Ferrara, appear to have called for the execution of these treaties, and to have led to the march of four Austrian re giments, under the command of the Prince (le Bentheirn, who, however, has halted, and written for further orders. It is said that the A ustrian Government is firmly re solved to restore tranquillity in Italy, and maintain it by every means." The same paper, of the 18th, contains the following from Warsaw, dated the 10th inst.- -" Every thing here has been in extreme activity since the first arrival of the news of the invasion. The Russians occupy three waywodies, and have 7,000 men at Auguatowa: they had advanced as far as Seidlec, but a reconnoitring party of the Poles compelled them to retire. The corps of General Geismar, which entered by Lublin, scarcely amounts to 8,000 men, and the soldiers are fatigued with their march ; the horses are also in very bad condition. Prince Radziwill is with his Staff at Stanislalow, five miles from Warsaw ; and as the Russians are concentrat ing their forces at Ostralenka, a decisive battle may be expected in a few days." SPIRIT OF THE JOURNALS. HERALD.-•-it is not in the nature of things probable that, In the case of population and labour, the supply and the demand can always accommodate themselves to each other. There must be, from tempor. ary and local causes, frequent excesses and wants, both of the one and of the other. Brat that, speaking generally, either England or Ireland is over-peopled is untrue, and a mistake which those only fall into whose view is limited to partial inconveniences, without embracing (as the eye of a Statesman ought to do) the situation and the interests of the whole community. We have two parties in this country, who have taken up the opposite sides of this question with a more than ordinary degree of seal, not to say of rancour, — the over-population emigrationists, with Mr. Wilmot Horton at their head, who think that nothing but expatriation can remedy the re dundancy which they assume : and those who, under the lead of Mr. Sadler, look upon its people as a nation's strength, and who would, therefore, by a better distribution of our population, retain it at home, as the source of our own wealth and strength. Though we incline de-' cidedly towards this latter clam of political economists, we do not ace why the views of each might not to a certain degree be met ; that is, why both horns colonization and emigration might not be encouraged and practised at one and the saute time, as remedies for the pressing local evils under which some parts of the kingdom are now suffering. Possessing, as we do, extensive and fertile foreign possessions, they present a natural outlet for such parts of our own people to whom a new country may become desirable. We say desirable, be. eause,lunleas emigration be entirely a free and vountary act, we know I not how it differs front that whieh, under another name, we inflict upon the wont of criminals. But the plan propounded by Lord Howick goes still farther than this. It not only proposes to compel men to leave their country whether they will or nor, but actually taxes the rest of the community, in the shape of a new species of national debt, with thecost of their transportation and location. Now this, we trust, Is what Parlia ment will have tke good sense to set its face against. Turning to the other party, we should say, " It was time that you did some thing more titan write and talk. Your principles have been sufficiently discussed. Ii they are of any value, the times call for their practical adoption." While to the government we should say, that, instead of taking up the extreme views of either branch of these political theorists, their policy and their duty is to cull the best and most practical parts from each ; to hold out to voluntary emigrants every reasonable induce ment and advantage which our colonies present ; and open still more widely those mines of native wealth and cultivation, which, both in England and Ireland, present the means of supply of labour, which, if rightly applied, are capable, if we mistake not, of silencing the over populationists for at bast another century. Clisowieea.—The Revolution seems to have been everywhere in Italy effected with the greatest ease. A thorough conviction of the necessity of this change has long been entertained by all well-informed persons in the Peninsula; and it is well known to every one who has visited Italy, that the Italians have been prepared for the first favoura ble contingency. It would appear from the last accounts, that the prevailing opinion at present is to form a federal Republic. In this resolution we are inclined to think there is much wisdom. Italy has long been divided into a number of States, the people of which differ from each other equally in character and civilization, and it would be as well to limit the functions of a general Government to the concerns of the whole Peninsula, while each little Republic attends to its own se parate affairs. In general, front the division of property, the residence of the landowners in towns, &c. the habits derived from these old re. publican institutions, the Italians are generally democratically disposed. In all these changes which are taking place throughout Europe, the less that we interfere, either directly or indirectly, the better will it be both for the people of the countries affected by the changes, and for ourselves. It Is not for us to make ourselves the chant. pion of every King who is driven from his throne, or of every peo ple who wish to improve their institutions. Our insular situ ation places us beyond danger from any conceivable result ; and theme who are entruated with the disposal of tbe resources of the nation, are not warranted in wasting them in the quarrels of other States, on any vague principle of sympathy or liberality. In this respect the French and ourselves are very differently circumstanced. The French cannot, if they would, isolate themselves. Their language and literature are the language and literature of Europe. Whatever takes place in Paris is felt in every country from the Straits of Gibraltar to the frozen ocean. The revolution of July was the commencement of an European revolu don ; and nothing but the inability to chastise the Parisians prevented the Russians, Austrians, and Prussians, from advancing instantly to Paris. POl?.—The late government was too long silent in making known its own good deeds, and we cannot but empress astonishment at its forbear ance. The consequence of this absurd and mischievous proceeding 1111..1 been a complete distrust on the part of the public in the honesty of of those to whom the management or their affairs was entrusted, and the desire of a change of men for others from whom better things might bees, peeted ? But what has been the result for these men ? In opening his never.to-be•forgotten Budget to the House, Lord Althorp, in order to propitiate his audience, placed in the van of his Statement the reduc tilons of office which he had effected ; and in mentioning the number, he calmed its amount as a proof that his Government was zealous in its p r omises of retrenchment, and what proved a nobler motive, that he and h a Colleagues gave it as an earnest that they were determined to carry on their Government by the force of public opinion, and by the sacrifice of all patronage. And what was this saerifie.: ? Two hunched and ten offices, the salaries of which Lord Althorp was ashamed to name—two hundred and ten offices ! 1 Trines.—ln the course of the present seek two or three very im portant decisions have taken place in the two select committ ees of the House of Commons ;—we allude to those on salaries and the civil list. Thle committee on salaries came to a resolution on Mon day morning ast, that in future no new superannuation or allow. ance ought to be made to retired public servants, who had filled high offices, without a special vote of the House of Commons on each individual case,—a very proper resolution, as it seems to us, considering the abuses *inch have grown up under the existing law. A division is understood to have taken place in the com mittee on this question, the numbers being seven and seven,— and ;the chairman, Mr. Baring, carrying it by his casting voice This committee have also recommended a reduction of 1,0001. from the salaries of the Ministers, making the Secretary of State, First Lord of the Admiralty, &c. 5,0001. a-year ; the Secretaries of the Treasury arc reduced from 4,0001. to 2.5001.: and, as all salaries are in lure to he net money, this is not au unfair remuneration. The coin mittee on the civil list on Wednesday came to a resolution that the sala -1 ries of the Lord President and Lord Privy Seal should be considerably re duced, or rather entirely abolished. The first (and we may say reasonable) proposal was to reduce them to 1,5001. a-year. It was suggested by the leader of the severer sect, that 1,0001. was sufficient for those non-efficient officers, without departments and without labour. This proposal appears to have been considered so preposterous or so radical by the Tory mem ; bens of the committee, that lard Stormont proposed to take away all sa. lary whatever from those two offices; and, strange to say, he was taken at his word, end this ultra-proposition of the Tory party (probably made in a pet) was thus adopted by the committee. The same committee has recommended a reduction of one-third from the salaries of the great state officers of the household : they think..-and the public agree with them— that 1,5001. or 1,0001. would be quite sufficient for a Lord Steward or a Lord Chamberlain, or a Master of the Horse, these places being always conferred on distinguished members of the aristocracy, who, of course, value the honour of being in immediate contact with the sovereign more titan any salary nr emolument. They are amply re warded by the importance of the office—by the pomp and circumstance thereof—by the tuss, if we may so call it, of the situation—by the oc cupation and the patronage which it gives them. We are sorry, how ever, to learn, that the sum total of the reduction proposed in the civil list does not amount to more than 10.0001. Indeed, much reduction cannot be expected from a committee formed under very particular cir cumstances—it was named under a Tory administration, and, of course, the friends of good salaries were fully represented ; and those who were then the Opposition being now the actual Ministers, the committee is composed in great part of the Ministers who are is and the Tories who are out, and must, therefore, from its very composition, be as little disposed as may be to the use of the pruning knife. Mr. Ewart, the member for Liverpool, having noticed in the House of Commons, on the 15th inst. the first importa tion of raw silk from the United States, a few particulars respecting it may interest our numerous readers. This silk was produced in Pennsylvania, and reeled from the cocoons in Mr. Duponceau's filature, at Philadelphia, under the direction of Mr. D'Homergue, formerly of Nismes, in France. Only a small quantity is now sent as a sample, but its culture, if it meets with encouragement, can be ex tended to any amount. The present specimen has been sub mitted to some of the best judges in London, and they think it a very fair beginning. The texture of it is finer than the Italian silk, and produces a larger return from the same quantity of cocoons. Some silk from the same filature has been boiled, dyed, and woven into very fine stuff, in America ; although not thrown, as they have no throwing-mills at present there. Should the production of silk increase as rapidly in Ame rica as cotton has done in the last 30 years, it will become an article of great consequence in our trade with that coun try : they sending the raw material, and taking back the manufactured article in return, as is now the case with cotton. The white mulberry and silk-worm are said to succeed in almost all the stutes of the Union, and the latter can be brought forward at the time the former is in leaf. A committee of Congress have taken up the subject, and recommend it strongly to the attention of the Government and country, as well as Mr. Duponceau, who is the President of the American Philosophical Society. One of the subscribers to the Salisbury Volunteer Infan try describes himself as a " friend to the maintenance of peace and order without bloodshed." Amongst the numerous petitions for a general fast, there is one which Mr. Hunt, we presume, could have bad no objection to support—it is that from the " Minister and in habitants of Gutticton !" AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURAL COSIPANY.—A Meet ting of the proprietors took place yesterday, at the Com pany's house, in the Ring's Arms-yard, Coleman-street ; John Smith, Esq. M.P. the Governor, in the Chair. It appeared from the Reports, that the examination of lands was going on with a view to exchange a part of the location, but that no further selections had yet been made. In the coal-field at Newcastle, a fine seam of coals had been discovered within thirty feet of the surface. Very voluminous accounts were supplied of the Company's stock, &c. in Australia. The num ber of fine sheep was 4,150 and 17,205 improved colonial sheep, from which were expected a vast increase. There were 245 horses, and 2,227 head of cattle. The produce on hand from the estate consisted of 5,351 bushels of wheat, 2,000 of maize, 15 tons of hay, &c. After some observa tions from the Governor as to the future prospects of the Company, the Report was adopted, and John Lock, Esq. elected Deputy Governor. Mr llast Davis, M.P. alluded to the value of wools in Australia, which must rapidly increase, as the demand for wools here became more active. The Governor, in answer to a question, stated, that it would be too expensive to send out to the Colony any of the men who had been convicted under the Special Commissions, but that on their arrival at Australia, a selection would be made, and some taken into the service of the Company. Thanks having been given to the Directors, &c. the Meeting adjourned. CORN-EXCHANGE-THIS DAY. We continue to he very largely sopplied with Barley at d Oats, though but moderately with Wheat: the present and expected fur. thcr reduction of the duty has a tendency to keep the Wheat trade dull, and business, in general, is very heavy, with prices nominal:y as on Monday. ARRIVALS. Wheat, English (qrs.) - 3.G10 Batley, Foreign - Iri`h - - Oats, English - 5:141 23.650 Foreign . . . IMO Irish . Barley. F.oglish . . 16.400 Foreign Irish . . Floor (mks) 3,485 - 240 9,415 SMITHFIELD-THIS DAY. CAITLS ♦T WA IT: Beasts, GOO—Sheep, 120--Calvos, 130. Beef ....... 4s Rd to la 84 Pork ...... 4s 84 be 4d Mutton .... bs Od be 44 Lamb ..... Os 04 Os Od Veal . be 0,1 Ss Od Hay (per load), £2 10s. to £4 Os. Clover, £3 10s. to £5 10a.— Straw, 41 14a. COAL EXCHANGE—This DAY. Thirty-five new ships were ensered for sale tacky, and the total sup ply at market was 3004 ships. There was no business doing, as the ships now in the river, that do not break bulk previous to the lit of Mar ch , are not to pay the duty : it is not likely that much will be done previous to that period. LITERATURE. Conslitutional Charter of the Kinyd •Irt of Poland. in the Te:.s. 1810. teitA s.osis Ilenturks on the Manner in which the C torte , , and the Stipulations in the Treaties relating to PeLtid, haw been ob. served. Sold for the Benefit of Ile Military Hospita:s in Poland. This work ought to be batight for the sake of tile find which it is intended to promote. and for the sake of the facts which it developes The first thirty- three pages con tain the Charter of Liberty and Independence pledged to Poland by Russia and the allies ; and the subsequent part is a relation of instances, in which the several clauses have been grossly, cruelly, and insoltingly violated. In proof' we will cite a few Articles, and then some of the outrages on national feeling. 4. The Constitutional Charter determines the manner the prineh e le, and the exercise of the sovereign authority. 16. The liberty of the press is guaranteed. The law shall determine the method of restraining its abuses. 19. No man shall be arrested except with the forms, and in the cases preecrihed by the law. 20. Every man shall be informed immediately and by writing, of the cause of his being arrested. 23. No man shall be punished except in conformity with t le existing laws, and by the decree of the competent Magistrate. 23 Every condemned criminal shall undergo the penalty pre-crihed by law, in his own country ; and nobody shall be carried out of the country except in the case of banishment decreed by law. 29. All public offices, civil and military, shall be filled by Poles only. The presidents of tribunals for the first hearing of causes. pre sidents of palatinate commissions, of tribunals of appeals, the nuncios and deputies of the diet, and the senators shall be, without exception, landed proprietors. 31. The PAW' Nation shall have for ever a national representation ; and this representation shall consist of the diet, composed of the Kiii 4 mid of the two chambers; the senate shall constitute one chamber, ar the nuncios and deputies of t he Commons, the other. 39. The king disposes of the revenue of the state, conft 'ratably ti the budget, which is to be drawn up anti submitted to his approbation. GS. The legislative power resides in the person of the king, and ii the two chambers of the diet, conformably with the regulations iu de 31. 87. The diet in ordinary shall meet once in every two years at War saw, at the time prescribed by the king in his act of convocation. Tice session shall last for 30 days. 89. No member of the diet can be arrested or tried for a erhninel offence, while the diet is sitting, unless with the consent of the chemist r to which he belongs. 91. The diet shall deliberate upon the increase or diminution of it: . posts, contributions, taxes, and political expenses of all kinds, on the alterations which they may require, on the best and most equitab e method of distribution, on the formation of the budget of receipts and expenditure, on the regulation of the coinage and on the levy of re cruits ; the material" for such d e l i ber at ion being furnished by the go. vernment. It shall deliberate also upon all other subjects which may he referred to it by the sovereign. 119. The whole kirgdom is divided, for the purposes of national representation and election, into seventy-seven districts. It shall also be divided into fifty-one communes ; eight in the town of Warsaw, and forty-three in the rest of the coun.ry. 138. The judieial order is constitutionally independent. 141. The judges nominated by the King are for life, and cannot be removed. The judges who hold theit seals by election are also Weeps ble of !..eing removed during the term for which they were elected. 163. Every thing not determined by an administrative statute or code, and not included In the o ffi ces and powers of the diet shall be de cided by the King's decree, or by a government order. The statutes and codes can only be medilied or changed by the Sovereign and the two chambers of the diet. Given at our Royal Palace at Warsaw, the 27th Nov. 1813. (Signed) ALEXANDZII• VIOLATIONS. Whenever new regulations were to be made, the recollections, the wishes, and the local necessities of the nation were set aside, and every thing was to be modelled ut,osn what existed in Russia, or to be referral to the grand duke or to the Russian commissioner, Mr. Nowoaylsoir, a man notorious for his hatred towards every thing Polish. At the accession of the emperor Nicholas, the power of the grand duke yet farther developed ; and from all this, there resulted a state of things truly tremendous. The constitutional power of the lieutenant and of the council of administration was set in motion by an authority modelhol on the despotic forms of the Russian government. The introduction of Russian troops was only to be admitted in parti cular cases ; instead of which a body of 10,1100 Russian troops was per manently settled in the country. The greater part of this force was quartered at Warsaw, and served to support the encroachments upon Polish liberty. The liberty of the press, so distinctly guaranteed by the constitu tional charter, was suppressed by a rigorous censorship introduced by a royal decree. It extended to every species of publication which was printed throughout the kingdom, and its strictness surpassed even that of St Peteraburgh ; so that what was published at Petersburg!' was forbidden at Warsaw. This censorship was more especially ex erted upon every thing that was foreign. The director of public edu cation was at the head of the censorship, and might be said to deters mine the precise quantum of information and wisdom which the Poles were to be allowed to imbibe from tireign publications. During the fifteen years which have elapsed since the birth of the modern kingdom of Poland, in all which time a restless police—a pos lice paid for the express purpose of hatching amspinicies—has never ceased to bring forward its political accusations—in all this time not one man liar been tried by the regular tribunals; they have all been tried and sentenced by the grand duke. Never shall we forget the un fortunate Lukasinski, condemned to degradation and perpetual impri sonment by a commission nominated by the grand duke. Long shall we remember the persecution of the nuncio, Vincent Niemoiewski, confined for years to hie own estate, for having freely expressed in the diet, opinions which were not contrary to the state of things established by the charter. Krsysanowski and 3lajewski, condemned by the High National Court, to suffer imprisonment in their own country, were aftersards carried off into Russia, and it is unknown at the present hour, what has become of them. The royal authority was every day gaining ground over the legi►la tive authority, by the promulgation of decrees which ought only to have been is►ued with the consent of tie two Chembene. Th e fun damental laws of the kingdom were (banged and modified perpetually, under pretence of interpretation. Royal ordinance. decided the most important affairs', and the Diet was soon confined to the discussion of • few projected laws of secondary importance. A man was responsible for his obedience or disobedience to the orders of his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke, and never for dim. obeying the laws. The Diet which in all countries, where there is a natior al representa. Lion at all, should he considered as a permanent body, was viewed by the Government in the light of a fever or an illness ; when a Diet was assembled precautions were doubled, and every possible means of in. fiuencing its deliberations was sought and adopted; its proceedings, even to the most trifling details, were all ordained by the Emperor. From this state of things, accompanied as it was by the slavery of the press, resulted a frightful disorder in every branch of the admini• titration ; every thing was done without a plan, and without a spirit of order. During the fifteen years which the kingdom had subsisted, nor a sin. ele budget has been submitted to the diet; and every thing relating to the subject has been dove arbitrarily and by royal decrees. No constitutionel budget was btought forward between the lest diet in the Emperor's Alexander's reign, and the first which was held after the accession of Nicholas. More than four years had elapsed in the interim, but the tuxes were levied and executed as before. Every day brought forth royal ordinances professing to interpret the laws; the judges were compelled to adhere to these interpretations, which were often uirtc•ly contrary to the spirit of the laws. The tribunals were never established on the fonung which the consti. lotion prescribes; there were ce tteaquently no judges elected by the ci. duns, but all were of tic king's nomination. Such are the principal violations of the Charter, for it would be im. possible to enumerate them all. The Poles have employed all laveul means efforded them by the Charter to obtain redress ; me. mortals, petitions, nothing has been omitted, and these measures have Leen repeated at every diet ; seed only when a disdainful si. knee. and a persevering continuance in despotirm convinced them that these means were unavailing, have they had recourse to imam ction. It the Poles have been duped by the cabinet of St. Petersburgh, Ergland, Austria, France, and indeed all Europe. have been equally duped. The barrier which the Polish provinces, although dependent, were to oppose to the colossal power of the Russian empire, has been destroyed. The danger to which Eutope is exposed from the Russians is increased since the last war, with Ttrkey, and sires the last resi dence of Marshal Diebits at Berlin. It is well known that the inane. rection in Warsaw was a temporary interruption to operations which threatened the liberty of nativism, and which will be immediately re. seamed, should Poland be subdued. The receipts of the corporation of London amounted, in 1827, to 133,1761. Os. 10*d. The bridge estates pro duced an addition of 36,5431. From the year 1780 to 1828, a period of forty-eight years, this corporation ex pended the sum of 60,2611. 51. for charitable purposes; 28,6621. 3s. 7d. for public purposes (including the expense of 35 swords and 31 gold snuff boxes bestowed on distin guished characters), and the sum of 55,5561. 18s. 9d, for improvements.