Star. — London, England, 1823-03-20 00:00:00

m)tlon 115i1ti1- )end::d e were XOO to take it nt h Alf rntinns 'lent of hid se- rriptita. Ihoogh arend-' he had 11,1. If he had till ti.e Linn tl:e c,l, not ;il4l he 5()e1. he Monti- reed to. 'or paying of Slaves. 'reasury. )ry's De- cnt. Trade. bilk. ills in die V.ireign Sc- t'.!! of the £9,040. Anrmons C'ity did :c called Coilrt ohhe.l— %chat s of the worthy mpers in shich he .arge Int • was this d of one irtsE7o." and his L! theicon I, E23r106. Ise of Coro. 1,500. otes of tits Commons, ns, £3,000. :.£l6,&u. ri ht Err 7. 6q. Bd. derel to he nittee to sit co say if the settled ? been fixed, account of wart of Mr. : Trade,till Importation .ad a secoml Report of were read a i ine t o-nior- CLOCK. St bhisineu cy °retied at Old 55, New 1)14 ti 50, OCK s 'lls. 20s. by some iinpresion ,urope is at kliniiters in as to act& which the of his MA' knation and ral line ri epe.ite y, verc gl ea: l f di:11."*" at an end—it is obvious that Ministers would not be j•istified in entering into any farther explanation of them than they have already given. We find that we were not singular in the feeling of surprise with which we read Sir FRANCIS BURDETT'S vehement oration for war—it is the subject of general remark ; and, we will venture to add, of very general reprobation and regret. Sir FHA NCIS is a party man, but certainly not in the same sense with other men who think it no reproach to make the Treasury Bench the guiding star of their political course. His semi• merits have therefore a chance of making an impression which there could be little reason to apprehend from the speeches of Members of a more thorough party cast, They will be read universally with a belief that, what ever may be their fervour, they are honest and since! e by most people with an inclination to catch his en• thusiasm; and by the wary and experienced only with a conviction of the necessity of questioning more strictly the judgment of one who speaks so sell. A Morning Paper, never at any time remarkable for its susceptibility of feeling, and which had before indicated a disposition towards peace, confesses to day that Sir FRANCIS Buttoerr's speech has " set the Public (and itself we presume as one of that Public) upon thinking more acutely than it had thought be fore, on the subject of the diabolical BoultliON ag gression." And the result of this more " acute thinking," is a conclusion not, we think, the most acute—that the Honourable Baronet is in the right— that " the BounuoNs pay us no manner of respect w hatever," and that we ought to use the power we possess to compel them to pay us all manner of re spect, and not to do those things, " the permission of which," saith the writer, " must overwhelm us with disgrace and shame." It has been sometimes made a question, whether eloquence has not been of more harm than good t) so ciety? Were it always to produce the sort of " acute thinking" we see here displayed, we should at once rank ourselves for the affirmative of the question. The BOURBONS of France, be it remembered, are censured for wishing to dictate to Spain ; for gc4ng on a Quist>. ticerrand, to amend what they have nothing to do with; for risking their own safety to aid certain views sup posed, perhaps erroneously, to be entertained by their Spanish relatives. England has remonstrated against ad this presumption and folly. But, this, say these proselytes to eloquence, is not enough,—England should have dictated to France that it shall not didale to Spain ; should invade, or, which is the same thing in principle, make war on France because she is about to invade Spain ; and should again impede, if not endanger, ber own independence and prosperity, from an idea (we believe a most erroneous one) that her aid is wanted to enable Spain to resist the foolish designs of France. We think we may safely leave' such " acute thinking" to speak for itself. The Quotidienne and other French Ultra Journals, are quite confident, we see, that the French armies will meet no resistance on their way to Madrid, and that a large part of the inhabitants of the Capital will be ready to receive them with open arms as the champions of religion and the protectors of the Bour bon King. It is an old truth, that we can only judge accurately from our own experience. s , What can we reason but from what we know r We have no doubt that the French Journalists remember particu larly well the facility with which the Allies marched to Paris—that so patriotic were the French peasantry that they never took up arms, never formed Gue rMas, and received the Allies rather as guests and friends than as invaders. They recollect that the citi- zens et that enlightened city, Paris, the gobe ',touches of all ranks crowded to the Boulevards to see, and welcome the spangled guards of the Emperors.— They added another spectacle to the many pretty theatrical flews . which are constantly got up for, the amusement of the sight-craving Parisians.—, Through the lung lines of well-dressed Ladies and Gentlemen, who came to see and admire the broad breasts cf the Prussians, the gold and green of the CZAR'S guards, and the pure syliite of the Austr ions, in their baize coats, who wondered and admired that the English soldiers should have a shirt attached to the frill, the only piece of linen the Austrian knows the use of, nothing was heard but expressions of plea sure at the fine dress, at the handsome appearance, at the martial louks of the invaders. Here and there a dishevelled inhabitant of the Fauxbourg St. An toine, or St. Marceau, growled out a curse, and en vied the soldiers the comfort of clothes and the free use of weapons of destruction ; but in general there Was nothing but satisfaction and delight. Nor was It only when the BOURBONS were restored that the same scene svas displayed. Who, in all France, took up arms for them when BONAPARI re returned ? and *ho fled with them to the frontiers ?—Net a man, but a kw old emigres afraid to stay. Of all the Europeans the French have the least Patriotism. They are in love with military shew and military glory ; and have no notion of resisting an invader but as the organized soldiers of tome despotic leader,nor of interfering with the concerns of Govern ment but as a mob eager and ready to destroy. Not so the Spani ar d s . If succum bi ng t o the power of that mighty arm which had subdued Europe, and betrayed by the heads of their Government, they did suffer the invaders to occupy Madrid, it was only to darken Its streets with their blood ; and at every point in their "art armed peasants, formed into bands of soldiers, s7,n.tlizod themselves by revenging the outrages which they could not prevent. The French journalists, in their anticipations; evi dently forget these scenes, and judge of the probable success of the French armies front the conduct of their own heartless countrymen. We trust they will be deceived. We do not conceal from ourselves that, the Spaniards are not at present a united people ; but they arc, in some measure, unadulterated. They are not crowded into cities teeming with gambling honset., Cafes, and Palais Royals. Their country may be over .run and devastated, but cannot be conquered ; and whatever may be the temporary result of the first onset, the final result, we are assured, must be suc cess to their just cause. An army may conquer an army, but it is incapable of subduing a high minded nation, resolved to be independent and free. It is well observed by the Morning Herald, that the unimpeded advance of the French upon Ma drid, and its occupation, though calculated to'give them a specious eclat of success, would yet leave the issue of the war, and even of the campaign, wholly undecided. The Spanish Government has made the abandonment of the capital part of its system; and it would appear that it will depend upon the French themselves, whether they will or will not advance, leaving the fortresses occupied by the Spaniards in their rear. • The mere occupation of Madrid was never looked upon as of military importance in the late war. BONAPARTE occupied it with many thou sand French troops, at the very time when, with their feeble and unpromising means, the first resistance of the Spanish Patriots was organised, in ISM" Paris Papers of Monday arrived this morning ; the following are extracts:— [FROM nig CONSTITUTIONNTI .1 STUTGARD, MARCII io. Letters from the Noz th announce, that since his re turn to Petersburgh, the Count de Nesselrode has had several important conferences with Sir Charles [fagot, Minister of England, in Russia—conferences which took place in consequence of a Note presented in the name of the English Cabinet. The contents of the Note were not known, but the rumour was generally spread that it !elated to the affairs of Spain and Por tugal. It appears that Sir Charles Bart had received very precise instructions on the part of his Court. PARIS, MARCH 17. • A Journal of Ilnuen, the Nacelle, announces— • That a subscription at ten cenatnes,ltas been opened in that city, with a view to offer to M. Mercier a fusil. ornamented with silver. We know from a good source, that this subscription, opened on the 14th in the morning, reckoned already in the evening nearly 600 subscriptions. Many persons offered more than ten centimes, but nothing beyond would be received, The list of subscribers will be published, and the gifts of those who wish to remain anonymous are refused: , The Duke d'Angouleme arrives at Orleans on Sa turday evening. The National Guard, on foot and horseback, as well as all the garrison, were under arms to receive him. The Prince got down at the Hotel de la Prefecture, where preparations had been made to receive him. He departed on the following morning after hearing Mass. Hamburg') Papers to the 15th instant reached us . this forenoon. Accounts from Petersbnrgh of the Ist instant state, that trade continues to be very dull, and that the Course of Exchange has been falling for some time past. The gold bars proceeding from the loan of Messrs. ROTHSCHILDS, had arrived by land. I fasisuscir, MARCH 14.—Exchange on London, 37 14, 37 41. Paris, 26. St. Pirrsnssusoii, Frs. 28.—Exchange on London, 9 19-32. Amsterdam, 94—Hamlsurgh, 8 13-18—Paris, tOt 4. RIGA, MARCH 3.—Exchange on London, 9 25-32. VIENNA, MARCH s.—Exchange on London, 2 Months, 10 23. llsaux, MARCH 11.—Exchange on London, 7 51. Litrzic, Maui 10.—Exchange on London, 3 Months, 6 22k. By private accounts from Madrid, of the 9th inst. we are informed that the Ministers have, against the wishes of the Cortes, laid violent hands on the Cassa de Publico Credito (being a kind of Sinking Fund), and that there was not a marevedo left in the coffers of the Treasury. This occurrence has caused . a con siderable sensation at Madrid. Fears were also en tertained that should the KING leave 'Madrid for Se ville, he will be rescued by some of the partizans of the French. I Madrid Papers to the 10th instant have been re ! ceived. Great preparations were making in the Ca- I pital for the removal of the Government to Seville, which was to take place between the 12th and the 115th. Dispatches from d'Arrisam. and his Officers, to the Bth instant, had been received, which state, that the bands of BESSIERES had been entirely dis persed. BALLASTEROB had arrived at Saragossa, where, as well as on his route, he was received with' the greatest enthusiasm. Private letters state, that Count d'Antsam , was expected in Madrid with a force of 2,500 men, with which he was to escort the ING to Seville. Several private individuals had pre sented Petitions to the Cortes to be permitted to join the Volunteer Militia, and accompany the Govern ment to Seville, among whom was Don RAFAEL CA• BEZAS, f3rmerly a secularized Monk. It is stated in private letters that Mequinenzt has been taken. The Espectador'of the 9th only states, that on the 28th nit. at seven in the morning, Colonel ASTURIAS' MANCIIA, with another Officer, proceeded to Me , quinenza to treat with ADA N Tatuat.to for the sur render of that fortress. The garrison ten: out • three of their Officers to our camp as hostaw,es. The fall of the Seo d'Urgel, and other defeats of the Army of the Faith, are said to have determined the garrison to treat of a surrender. The Officers of the Ist Regiment of Marine Infan try have addressed an energetic representation to the Government, stating their ardent desire to be allowed to assist in carrying into effect the Decree , for re m6ving his 141AJESTY'S person .and Government- to a place of security. The KING has resolved that the regiment. which , has hitherto been called the Imperial Alexander, shall in future be named the Regiment of the Union.' This regiment, to which the Emperor ALEXANDER pare his name, was formed of Spaniards in Russia. Previous to their leaving that country, they were made to take thepath of allegiance to the Spanish Constitu tion—the Constitution now warred against—and the' EMPRESS presented the regiment with a standard. A letter from Lisbon, in the French Papers, gated the Ist instant, states, " that an intrigue had been undertaken there, which appeared to be sufficiently strong to subvert the Mini s t r y. Th e S ecretary o f State for Foreign Affairs obtained an honourable pre ference in this plan of proscription, which was sup ported by some good patriots, who had fallen into the snares of the Holy Alliance. A list for a new Minis tr y was bronght to the King, but he firmly rejected it. The change of the Ministry was intended to be the first act in the counter-revolutionary drama._ The Conde de Amarante has sinca raised the standard of rebellion ; but the troops under Genei al Itego arc full of zeal for the Constitution, and the affair will soon be put down.", Accounts from Oporto to the 2d instant, received by another conveyance, also represent thee insurrection of the Conde d'AMARANTE as very insignificant. No disaffection appears to prevail in any part of the Pro vince of Traslos Montes, except at Villa Real, Chaves, and Pezo da Regoa. A letter from Braganza, dated the 25th ultimo, says—" The troops stationed there would not accede to the suggestions of the emissaries of the Conde d'Astaaasra. They have intercepted his correspondence, which included a proclamation." The Provinces of Minho and Beira are understood to be pei fectly tranquil. The Spanish Cortes were occupied in "some neces sary proceedings preparatory to the removal of the Government ; such as ascertaining the number of carriages requirod by each Deputy, the rewards or advantages to be given to the individuals who volun teered to join the KING'S escort, &c. In the sitting of the 7th, a communication was made, stating that his MAJESTY was still confined with the gout, but that the QUEEN was somewhat relieved. _ _ The Deputation charged to wait upon his MAJESTY with the Answer of the Cortes to his Speech o❑ the opening of the Session, appeared in the Cortes in the Sitting of the sth instant, when Senor SALVA, who headed it, said—ti The Deputation of the Cortes has put into the hands of the King the Answer to his Ma jesty's Speech which was read on the opening of the second period of the Legislature of the Cortes; and his Majesty received the same with his accustomed goodness. The Deputation made known to the King the regret of the Cortes for his Majesty's indisposition, and their anxious wishes for his convalescence." The Answer of the Cones to the KING's Speech was as follows: " Scxos—The great and noble sentiments which your Ma jesty has manifested to the Cortes on the opening of the Ordi nary Session of the Fourth Legislature, could not fail to excite in the breasts of the Representatives of this heroic Nation, not only those feelings of love and respect which are due to the au gust person of your Majesty, hut that degree of contidence and security which is necessary again to encounter dangers, to save the cdtintry, and for ever to consolidate, in an indefeasible man ner, the Throne of which usurpation would rob you, hut which the love of your subjects will preserve for yno. If the circum stances under which the sittings of this Legislature have com menced are extraordinary, and present, as your Majesty has de clared, a vast field to the patriotism of the Representatives of the Spanish People, they will not fail to elevate themselves to the magnitude of the occasion, and to respond worthily to your Majesty's invitation, by following the glorious footsteps of a Prince who, in union with the Representatives of his People, thus knows how to sustain justice, independence, the Throne, his authority, and the decorum and dignity of the Nation which is entrusted to his care. " This intimate and strict onion will happily resolve the great problem which occupies despots and nations; and a Monarch worthy of a land of freedom, combating the caprice and the ar rogance of ambition and pride, will have the singular glory of having, with his subjects, defended the rights of human nature, public liberty, and the independence of nations. The unheard of pretension of dictating laws to independent nations, would lead, were it not resisted, to the ruin and dissolution of all the States of Europe, and an interminable and exterminating war would reduce that civilized region to the condition of Asiatic bar barism. Your Majesty, fully convinced of the injustice and monstrous nature of such pretensions, bas given a suitable reply to the Notes of the Continental Powers of the 'Holy Alliance, shewing them by your firm resolution, that the nation you go vern possesses too much constancy, valour, and experience, to sub mit either to caprice or to force ; that it also possesses vigour, that it knows its rights, and will not permit them to be attacked with impunity. 4 " The Cortes, Senor, have nothing to add to the just reflec tions of your Majesty touching the conduct of the Most Christian King. Convinced with your Majesty that it would be an offence against reason to refute errors so anti-social, and that it would ill become the Constitutional King of the Spins to apologise for our just cause to malice and hypocrisy, we need say nothing more ; but we assure your Majesty, that if the best reply to the speech of the Most Christian Monarch he the energy, firmness, and constancy of 'your Cortes, those Cortes, respecting the wis dom and profound judgment of your Majesty, will prove to the whole world that not in vain has your Majesty placed your hopes in them ; and that, without deviating from the path of the law, and front what is due to your Majesty and to themselves, they will know how, as they hitherto have known, to prove themselves worry of the heroic nation which has confided to them its destinies. The Cortes, Senor, never will forget the profound observations which were made by your Majesty, and which they take a plea sure is repeating. Reason and justice will not thew less courage than the genius of oppression and slavery. The nation which capitulates with enemies whose bad frith is so notorious, is already subdued. To receive the law which is endeavoured to be imposed by force of arms, is the extreme of ignominy.' 0 These principles, Senor, form the rule by which the Corte, will direct their conduct ; and, like your Majesty, convinced of the firm and magnanimous character of a nation so punctilious of its honour, so incapable of compromising with injustice or in famy, so jealous of its rights, and so proud of the glory and the great actions which have always distinguished it, they do not doubt, that as it sustained with so much constancy and so many sacrifices, the Throne of your Mzjesty against the formidable lzgions, the chosen Captains, and the military genius of the sin gular man who for a time humbled all the rest of Europe; so will the nation in like manner defend, with the same courage and patriotism, the dignity of your Majesty and of your Throne, the independence, the rights, and the glory of the country. " If the nation performed so many prodigies when deprived of your Majesty's aid and co-operation, of what nray it . got bt ca pable when intimately united with us Monarch, supported by the Constitution of 1812, and when your Majesty is disposed to con tribute every effort to realise the hopes in.the fulfilment of which you place all your welfare and all your PromPerlrY? " 'fhe liberty of your Majesty, your security, and that of your Government, are above all things indispensable to this co operation. The Cortes have in anticipation adopted measures fur removing to the point which your Majesty and your Go vernment may consider most fit, and they do notaloubt that your' Majesty. convinced of the necessity of this measure, will carry it IMO effect with the decision which the importance of such a resolution requires. " The Cortes have heard with the greatest satisfaction all that your Majesty has communicated to t Lam on the zeal and activity with which your Government has executed the measures of the _ Cortes fur nrganiging and augmenting the army) and they trust, with your Maj est y, t h at t h e excellent saclike* stud victories which the army estey day,phtains over the factious, are, with out doubt, the hgrbingers of more important tritatnp6 over the foreign enemy. . - " rbe good spirit of the Provinces, the deception from which rodny de:uded persons have, by dear-bought experience, been freed, and the conviction of all, that the Constitution is the true anchor whereby the vessel of the State is to he saved from the threatening tempest, leave no doubt with the Cortes of the cer- • tainty of triumph ; and, like your Majesty, they are of opinion,. that neither the timid nor the perverse will be capable of altering the sentiments of this nation, which is not accustomed to coin pound with injustice. Finally, the Cortes eongratnlate your Ma jesty on the happy result which the different branches of the pub lic administtatiem present with regard to the future; and, closely united with yoar.Majesty, they will unceasingly labour, as well for the national defence as in the consolidation of the system on which depend at once the tranquillity, the glory, and the • prosperity of the country." VEILI CRUZ. The following extract of a letter, dated January 6, on board ship, off the island of S.tcrificios, three Eng miles from Vera Ct uz, gives some farther parti culars of the Revolution in that city : In the evening of the 18th of December we came to an an chor here. On my arrival in the city tke following morning, I found, ull fortunately, that, on the E'd of December, a Revolution , had broken out in the city, under the direction of General Santa Anna, and that the military had prod timed a Republic. " The inhabitants hardly' took any part in these events, and tnc:.. of them (at least the native Spani“rds) had emigrated with their property—some to Europe or Cuba, some to the Fort of Ulloa. Santa Anna, who was gradually joined by about 1,000 peasants, had on the 19th about ttlic.o or 2.-100 me n , _ and attacked with part of th em t h e I mper i a li sts , at Pian del Rio, 10 leagues from the City, and totally defeated them ; but he then advanced too tapidly, and incautiously, as far as Jalapa, where he was totally defeated by General Calderon, wko had just arrived front Mexico. Shire that time the Imperialists have repulsed him so that he is confined to the City with 6 or 700 men, where he is surrounded by 5,000 Imperialists; whom, it seems to me, he will hardly be able to resist, as the walls of the City are only 15 feet high, and have thither ditches nor out-works. MEETING A7' THE BANK, TIIIS DAY. A Meeting of the Court of Proprietors of Bank Stock was held this day, in what is called the Bank pars lour. All Reporters, we understoo I, were excluded, and some efforts were made to preserve secrecy.— It was said, however, that the Bank Directors had declared a dividend of only four per cent. instead of five, and Bank Stock immediately fell from 237 to 210. The Court, it was understood, was afterwards to take into consideration a proposal of the CHANCEL. LOR of the EXCIIEWAR, for the Bank to advance money on account of the half pay, and this proposal, it was expected, would be agreed to, with some mo difications as to time—the Bank being ageeable to take the'contract for a smiler number of years than forty five; and leaving it optional with ofTicers to extend or not their annuities for that period. BRIG Hl'ON, MARCH 19. The Dnice of CLARENCE, we find, has not yet ar rived. The grand saloon of the Palace was illumi nated on Monday night. The KtNo is mentioned as having been in excellent spirits. His MAJESTY'S pri vatd band was in attendance to nearly midnight. THE ARMY'. Saturslty his Majesty's .; d root, rir Buffs, gave a farewell din ner at 1)-inford, previously to their final embarkation for New South W.:1••s, Colonel Svewswr in the Chair. 'The party was attended by Allijor-General !hum?, their former old and distin guished Commander, Captain 'lot:NG of the Royal Navy, the Resident Agent for Transports, and other Gentlemen, friends of the Corps; who spent the evening with the highest cordiality and feeling. . _ _ Monday, the Ist division of the 66th Regiment of Foot ar rived at Liverpool, from hula, and embarked the following morning for Dublin. ____ _ __ The Vectis Yeomanry Cavalry, In the hie of Wight, had a muster-day on Monday. The state of discipline of this highly respectable corps is not inferbw te that cf regular Civalry, which reflects the highest possible credit on their worthy C,onunanjler, Sir L. T. \V. liocates, Bart. of Westover I'ark. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PLTMOCTH, MARCH IR.—Wind W.—Arrived the Cognac, BARTON, five weeks front Charente, with brandy ; passed a ves sel, bottom up, on Sunday night, near Scilly, supposed a brig or schooner, apparently about sixty or seventy feet keel, but could not ascertain what she was. Also arrived the Resolution, Ps 'miaow, twenty-two days front Longsound ; and the Harriet, Custmara, twenty-five days from Lisbon. The Two Brothers, which arrived two days since from the Western Islands, picked up, near the Lizard, a pipe of palm ail, damaged, the bung marked W W 259, which has been landed at the Custom-house. Powrastouvu, Maur' 19.—Wind N.—Soiled the General Palmer, TauseOrT, for Madras. Ilmtwicei, MARCH 19.— Wind N.—. Arrived the Princess Charlotte packet, from Cuxhaven. DEAL, MARCH 19.—Wind N.N.W.—Put back this morning, the Shaltspeare, Rommel, for the South Seas, with loss of au anchor and cable. Arrived and remain, the Earl Clancarty, Mowl.r., from Rotterdam; Lusitania, Gallows, from Oporto; and Hopewell, COULSON, from Honduras. Sailed this morning the whole of the otaward•beund, except the Madras, Crams, for Madras and Bengal ; Trial, H , for Jamaica; and the Niger, Wai.r.sa, for Grenada. The DUke of BEDFORD is again seriously indisposed. Lord WAII. GORDON IS dangerously ill at his house n the Green Park. The Court of Proprietors held yesterday, at the East India House, and noticed in the STAR, adjourned the discussion on the sugar question till Friday. We understand the forthcoming " Letters on Eng land," from the pen of a Foreign Nobleman, include, among a great variety of other subjects, an elaborate itical estimate of all our distinguished living Poets; and likewise a distinct notice 'o most (lour Painters, Sculptors, Actors, etc. 'ilsuar-LANs.—The Concert at this Theatre last night was attend.d by an overflowing audience. Kmo's Taitarax.—The absence of the fair* MERCANDOTTI, in the new lialiet of on Tuesday night, has dins been / tidally accounted for : CoPy.) Tuesd , • Mr. Rhers•has the honour to submit tricks, to the - Opetaand the Public, the following letter in mil i ng in gf, Lo f the absence of • Uladle. )lercandorti, whose tiller, for the prAiny, i n the - Pallet of Aped; will, be filled by Madan* Ilonal restris, and that of Mation-e; ROisti Veltris by MadUes Delliztennes : (Tmnshitioa.), • • . t. To 11r. fibers—`die-711cing catreasely,beas irse d.t•b ive consulted a physician, w 40114 adeised me to go in to thk reentry, amna4ypagnivesommyC time them..to has tenr penou. h3ealM.Yon, 'th at you theldloihitr to be, Sir, (Sighed) Maas* hissciureinet t Y The attentions of the 19• M Tian befit for same titne..re marked, and a hint which dropped from him on B,:turclay, con. firmed the suspicions entertained of his views.' It s ilklhat immediately after the Ballet on that night he'left town. viith Madlie. Mereandottl, accompanied by thatladykawaber.. j t y a expected that an immediate istarrLve • • • • .Ifr',7l#l ' ;,:. I, , 1 • ii 1 , ,„ •'• t ii 1 1 • i t 1 J :: to 1 L i I 1 ' 4 4 I! 1 1 , • 1 :4 1 .' s:' 1 • t ; I • t 1 1 1 i 1 ( i *1 i