Star. — London, England, 1821-07-05 00:00:00

1 I i ! . he • _ ' -.-•• " EVKNING STAR. (ONDON. lk 1.411 a 1 "‘. • * gir•-••• HURSDAY, JULY 5, 1821. CURRENT PRICES AT ONI O'CLOCK : Bank Stock 230231 1 ,4-3 per Ct. Redu. 76% % 77 3 per Cent. Cons. shut-3% per Cent. 87 4 per Cent. 94 1 7 / 3 -5 per Cent. Navy shut i Long Anns. 19 3-16 y 4 —lndia Stock 233% ex. div. 'Each. Bills. ss. 4s. pre.—Bank for Acct. 231 1 ,4 Consols for Account 77M 18. We announced yesterday the arrival of official ac counts of the death Of BONAPARTE. Those to the Admiralty were brought by Captain HENDRY, of the BOSARLD sloop of war, and those to the Colonial Office and East India House by Captain CROCKAT, who was the Officer in attendance on BONAPARTE at the time of his decease. The illness of the Ex- Emperor lasted, on the whole, six weeks. Our Readers may perhaps recollect that, not long ago, we mentioned the fact of his being dangerously ill ; and they will also do our contemporaries the justice of recollecting how studiously most of them endeavoured to discredit the intelligence. We bad the information from the most authentic source. The effects of this long illness on the frame of BONAPA RTE,aS described by an Officer who had frequent opportunities of seeing him during that period, were so powerful as nearly to reduce him to a skeleton, and to obliterate all traces of his former features. During the latter part of his illness, he frequently conversed with his medi cal attendants on its nature, of which he seemed to be perfectly aware. He declared that it was heredi tary, and that his father had died of the same dis , ease. IL is said that he gave directions about his affairs and papers till five or six hours before he died, ha►ing retained his senses till that period. He said he wished to be opened, in order that his son might be informed of the nature of his disease. The body was opened by his own Surgeon. On examination , the stomach was found in a state of extreme ulcera tion, so that it appealed in some places perforated in large openings. His medical attendants gave it as their decided opinion, in which the Physician who was called in coincided, that the disease was in curable, and that the climate had had no effect in prolucing it. One trait of character displayed itself in his last moments, which ma► ks the ruling passion, strong in death." As he found his end approach, he was habited, at his own request, in his uniform of Field Marshal, with boots and spurs, and placed on a camp-bed, on which he was accustomed to sleep when in health, and pre- ferred to every other. In this dress he expired. It has been asserted that the ROSA a ro,which brought the dispatches, also brought the bo-ly of IIoNAPA HTE t•) England; but this, we understand, is not the case, His attendants wished his body to be conveyed to Europe; but on opening his Will, it was fund that he had left a request that it should be interred in the island, and pointed out the spot where he wished his remains to rest, in a beautiful valley near his reA dence. Though BONAPARTE is supposed to have _ suffered much, his dissolution was so calm and serene that not a sigh escaped him, or any intimation to the by-standers that it was so near. At the departure of the RosA RIO, no day had been fixed for the funeral, but it was understood that it would be solemnized with the military honours due to his rank. A likeness of 130NAPARTE, after his decease, was skctched by an English Officer, and is brought to England. Count MoNxirotoN, we hear, arrived by the ship which brought the intelligence of this event, and immediately forwarded it by an extraordinary courier to the French Ambassador. Numerous ex presses left town yesterday morning to announce the death of BONAPA avu to the different-European Courts. The extracts from the different Papers of the morning, which we subjoin, will chew our Readers the manner in which the news of this event has been generally received in the British metropolis. The sentiments expressed respecting the departed Gene ral's character and end, are, upon the whole, credit able to the national feeling—a praise to which even those of our contemporaries who have been hitherto most opposed to the pretensions of the revolutionary leadds of France form no exception. That BONAPARTE was a great man, in the usual, though perhaps not the most genuine sense of the term, it were vain to deny. He filled not only a larger space in the history of the times in which he lived than any of his contemporaries, but a larger space, perhaps, than any one individual ever did, of the history of the world ; and in that light alone he stands among the greatest of the great. The first passion of BONAPARTE% soul was ambi tion, and the first quality of his mind audacity ; but the impossibility of remaining at rest was the main spring of his fortune and of his fate. When dis charged from the service, after the siege of Toulon, he dreamed of expeditions into Persia and Turkey, THE FUNDS. The news of the death of BONAPARTZ was expected bv many to have caused a depression in the Funds , e and in consequence the sales yesterday were to a very great extent ; one Broker sold upwards of a million, and many others followed his example to a large amount. Consols began yesterday at 77 3 / 4 , and left off at 773/4 ; they began this morning at the latter price, but shortly went to 77% 78, and the market looks brisk at that price. ~~~s and these dreams returned to his mind whenever it was not occupied by some newer insanity. di There has been nothing to do in Europe these two hundred years past," said he, in 1804, to M. DE PRADT, " it is only in the East that any thing great is to be done." When he became conqueror of Italy, and idol of Trance, he was still unsatisfied. Egypt conquered, he must attempt Syria; but the dull difficulties or sullen successes of the Desert wearied him, and he hastened back to France. New wars begun and ended gi with a flash of lightning.' First Consul—sole Con sul—Consul for ten years—fer life—Emperor—King of Italy—Protector of Germany—Mediator of Swit zerland—Sovereign of Holland, and arbiter of Eu rope—he could not rest. Then followed the Spanish paroxysm of his madness; and a new German war, and a Prussian war, and a Polish war, and a Russian war, and Moscow with all its consequences, Elba, Watehoo, and St. Helena. Extreme agitation was the basis of his existence— motion his repose—he " fattened," as he used him self to say, " on anxiety and care, ar.d throve when the rest of nature dwindled and perished." Ile was at the same time, as M. DE PRADT truly says, a man of extremes ; and of extremes absolutely contradictory ; a hero and a coward ; and it is doubt ful in which he was greater. Conqueror of Auster litz, Wagram, and Jena—at Egypt, Smorgonie, Leipsic, and Waterloo, he was an infamous deserter ; he audaciously invaded France with six hundred men, and fled from it in dismay when he might still have commanded a hundred thousand ; he had over turned Councils, Senates, and Directories; had curbed and manacled the whole French nation; had over thrown half the kingdoms of Europe ; yet he submit. ted, without an effort, to be ignominiously shackled and exiled by the 'single hand of General BECKER. —ln action he was a giant, but in suffering, a child; and he who had covered the world with mourning, was never known to shed a tear, till he cried, more for fear than vexation, when his toy sceptre was broken: M. DE BOEFFLERS long ago called him " Me night-mare of the world ;" but the Chevalier could not then have known the whole truth of his own expression, nor have foreseen that the world would, one day, shake it off, and wonder at the terror which it had inspired. In the virtues of the heart he showed, undoubtedly, a lamentable deficiency. His mother, when she wished to praise him, used to say that he had just feeling enough to wish that he had more. " Pour le cceur," said she, "NAPOLEON aurait hen voulu en , avoir r but NAPOLEON himself rejected this half' praise, and on more than one occasion honestly con fessed " avait le cccur ala tete." One of those sagacious doctors called craniologists—who, when they know a man's character by his actions, can afterwards discover it by the shape of his head.-2 found in BONAPARTE'S the organs of the tiger and the peacock—cruel and climbing; a judgment equally pronounced by the just and witty description that was given of him, as " Robespierre a cberal ." PROM THE MORNING CHRONICLE. " The eventful period during which he wielded at will the destinies of the Continent, when the most powerful Sovereigns of Europe vied with each other in the abjectness of their sub mission to him, and when even ire, protected as we are by our Navy, and our situation, saw so much cause for apprehension from his power, is yet too fresh in our recollection, to allow us to receive the account of his death as we would that of one of the mob of Monarchs. Fallen from his power, the miserable victim of a cheerless and rigorous captivity, the people remem bered that he was a Sovereign by nature; and willingly paid to hint the homage to which his extraordinary genius and energy entitled him. The reproof which an individual received from the Meeting of East India Proprietors for alluding to NA rocroN in a harsh and unbecoming manner, may be considered a fair test of the general feeling. " The history of the close of his life is everything but honour able to those who are at the helm of affairs in this country, and even to the nation itself. If his detention was necessary to the repose of Europe—if it was impossible that the Sovereign of Ea lass could receive him as another Tucstts•roct.es—it was not surely necessary that his captivity should have been embit tered by such an incessant display of petty tyranny as made his life a burden to him, and could not fail to bring it to a rapid close. But we will not dwell on this painful subject. " He belongs now to History ; and while envy itself will be forced to allow him the possession of the highest talents, his in difference to everything but his own personal exaltation must also be admitted. Wielding, as he did, the power of the new order of things, he might have conferred the greatest and most lasting benefits on mankind. If he had bad the good of the hu man race at heart, he would never have sought to ally himself with those Dynasties which the Resiolution and himself had nude so ridiculous and contemptible in the eyes of the world nor have attempted with's() much eagerness to foster and revive the aristocratical prejudices to which the Revolution had given such a shock, in order to surround himself with a pageantry which he of all rulers least required. " He might easily have extended to other countries the bene fits which France had by her struggle succeeded in obtaining, and destroyed the reign of feudalism and privilege in Europe. But the benefits which foreign nations received from France, as a compensation for the loss of their independence, were received by them before his accession to power. At a very early period of his career, he distinguished himself brills hatred of free insti tutions, and he carefully preserved the vicious governments, and most of the vicious institutions of the countries which he whits gated. The free institutions of France which he inherited from the Republic he either destroyed or greatly corrupted, and the most important of all, namely, Jury Trials, was converted into a complete State engine. The noble plan of instruction which the great men of the Revolution formed, but were unable to carry into complete execution, and which would soon have freed France from the reproach which still attaches to her, of a great want of kaowledge in the mass of the population, soon dwindled down to a petty object in his bands. One can understand why the Ultras should openly avow their hostility to the instruction of the people in rea ling, writing, and accounts, :s a nation• evil; but that selfishness should so warp and blind a mind of such singular power as that of 141.trosaox is, indeed, a sin gular phenomenon. " But his selfishness proved the cause of his downfal. The people of the Continent feared liim, but bated him as their op pressor, and they seized the very first favourable moment to join those whom they hated only less than himself, in order to put an end to his power. Gratitude for benefits would have rendered the population either friendly to him or neutral, and the snows of Russia, which annihilated his army, would still have left his power almost intact. The confidence of the world, when once hist, cannot easily be regained. Hence the incre dulity with which the pledges of BONATAILIT, on his return from Elba, were generally received. This we can understand. But the fear of the friends of liberty continued to invest him with all his former power, when circumstances bad rendered it almost impossible for him ever to regain it ; and the population of Ger many, once more mused by the strains of liberty, poured itself out ea France, and aided our gallant countrymen at Waterloo to destroy the independence of the fairest part of Europe, and to rivet the chains of the nations." PROM THE TIMES. " Upou the whole, Boxarwatz will go down to posterity as a man who, having more good at his disposal than any other Po tentate of any former age, had actually applied his immense means in the production of a greater share of mischief and mi sery to his fellow-creatures—one who, on the basis of French liberty, might have founded that of every other State in Europe; hut who carried on./ series of aggressions against foreign States, to divert the minds of his own subjects from the sense of their domestic slavery ; thus imposing on foreign Nations a necessity for arming, to shake off his yoke, and affording to foreign Des pots a pretext fur following his example." PROM THE MORNING POST. " F.arth was too little for his ambition. Worthless as it is, he coveted a larger field for the exercise of his talents, and the gratification of his rapacity. But when his pretensions exceeded the bounds of human daring—when be attempted to contend not only with men and their strength, but with the untried strength of elements—when, amidst the smoking ruins of Mos cow, be challenged the slumbering energies of a polar winter, he was smitten in his pride, and the vigour of the giant was turned into infant weakness. How he fell and rose again, only to fall with deadlier violence, it is unnecessary for us to relate. Suffice it to say, that the prisoner of St. Helena was still the terror of an emancipated world. As long as he breathed no Continental Monarch could feel his diadem fixed and steady on his brow. The Magician who trampled upon Crowns and States had lost his wand ; but_one moment, one accident, might still have restored it. The danger is now passed—the spirit of towering ambition is for ever quelled. He has how rendered up an account of hii mortal deeds to that Goo, before whom human glory is but pollution and "abomination." Hostile as we were to our enemy during' life, may be be forgiven after &eh. This is a prayer'in which every Briton, or at least every Christian, will unite. The conquered is turned into dust—shall the conqueror tit proud and exult, because he may survive one hour or one day?" PROM TUE MORNING HERALD. " He has done much in his time, and France and Europe will long retain the impress of hit genius and character. The great object of hi. life was power—direct, positive power. Ile srike his will as if he wished that ' his words were blows: Even glory. separate from the acquisition of power, had no attraction for him. And shall it be said that be was wroug? Does not the history of his own life and death justify the bent and object of his ambition? His fall from potter excited a sensation like a great shock. Ills descent from life into the grave, an event much more awful, has hardly caused the slightest emotion. A leading feature in his mind was his contempt of men, and his disdaining to conceal It. The latter was an imprudence. He was naturally austere, and he had disciplined his heart to an utter Impenetrability. Yet the softness of nature in him was net wholly dune away. Ile had the sentiment of friendship, and more personal friends than most Monarchs. His attach. merit and kindness to his family were remarkable. Ills mother preserved great sway over him in private, and be possessed/he affections of both his wives. his religion was a kind of fatalism, which constantly appeared in his speeches and bulletins. Speak ing of the death of General 1111.111 EUR, in Egypt, he says, in a dispatch to the Directory,' General Munutua, in spite of all re monstrance, and by a fatality which I hare elan remarked in men arrived at their last hour, went out alone, and was assassinated by two Bedouins.' On the eve of a battle, he says to the army of Italy, Death overtakes the coward, but never strikes the brave till his hour is come.'" FROM THE PUBLIC LEDGER. " Whatever shall be said of him henceforth, will not be marked by vindictive feelings; an exception may occur here and there: hut the generous and high-minded will mark it with in dignation. The towering height to which he ascended ; the self possession which he displayed during his meteor-like ascent; the humble level from which he darted ; and the presence of mind, or rather perfect ease, which he displayed, when he alighted on that narrow and giddy summit, evidently proved that his genius was of the eagle kind. He rose by the natural strength of his wings; and when he soared at a vast distance above the ordinary• region of humanity—in that keen air, where mortals can scarcely breathe, it was plain that he was in a con genial element. • • it • • • • • It was in his capacity of Ruler, that the hardness of his character displayed itself chiefly. There his solitary nature was most con spicuous. With a capacity for Government of the highest order; with a command over the vast resources of the Empire which he had formed, greater than Sovereign ever possessed ; with an activity that never reposed; yet be did nothing for the happiness of France ; and even the monuments of his reign, which are solely erected to his own pride, do not at all cor respond with the resources which he had at his disposaL— The Nation, instead of being raised by him, was depressed by his genius; the lofty sentiment was crushed; the pride of indi viduality was extinguished ; and the spirit, though not the harsh ness of Eastern Despotism, was displayed in his Government. From his elevated throne he looked down only upon crouching slaves. He conferred upon them titles, and honours, and dig nities; ►ut they were badges of servitude, or the rewards of havitg ministered to his glory, but they conferred no real dig nity of mind, they imparted no conscious pride, and they served only by their decorations and wealth to swell the pomp of his Court. In this respect Bonaraars has net the least claim to human respect. The principle of his Government was selfish ness; and we are compelled to say, whilst we are disposed to do ample justice to his extra•rdiaary genius, that he did not make use of It in such a manner as ouiht to give him a title to the respect and gratitude of mankind." FROM THE BRITISH TRESS. " The character of Nasozzon BONAPASTIN and the influence which his fame and fortune have so long exercised upon the po- Utical condition of Europe, or rather, we should say, of the civi lized portion of the globe, have been too frequently and too re cently discussed, both in writings and conversation, to become now sutuble Topic. fur further remarks. The memory of hip .ashievements is still ton fresh not to be issoclated stumi:l% the •public mind with an energetic sense either of ailinir a c,,,, r of hatred, and until this personal bias be wholly obattnerl, will not be possible to sketch his character with candou r am impartiality. But whatever may be the judgment of pcst er i ty respecting the motives and the means that regulated and alar..t a the exercise of his talents, whether he shall be considered as the scourge or the benefactor of any portion of Europ e , t h ere eee be no second opinion with regard to the magnificence of his dw signs, and the imposing greatness of his talents. Hi s • must ever stand as prominent epncbs in the history of o and his name must in times far distant distinguish th e azeie which he lived." • - PROM THE NEW TIMES. " Sic transit Gloria Mardi ! —lt was but a few years am% this man saw himself at the head of the moot formidehl e the world ever furnished, with nations for his treasury int Kings and Emperors for his attendants. It seemed titsissuits could withstand his power, and that his prosperity was as b ow. less as his wishes. Pride compassed him about as a *m ow violence covered him as a garment.' But his greatness is u nu l a dream when one awaketh is removed from the face of h e earth; and we scarcely mark the hour of his departure. II" are striking and awful lessons to mankind,and especially tothau who have received talents, and weulth, and power above thei r cotemporaries, and who turn these gifts to their own um.k aggrandisement, instead of directing them to the benefit of their fellow men, to the maintenance of order and true liberty, n d the promotion of religion and virtue, the sure and only :n ad a to temporal and eternal happiness. •' It Is difficult to say how far BONAFAITE may have decrired himself into the belief that he had done good to othcrsin t a e course of his career; but he too palpably betrayed anutt et regard of every principle which stood in the way of his own a g . grandi,tment. When we look back on the vain and prepon trous claims which he openly advanced to universal admiration: Ar t blush that this ' enlightened' age, as it is called, could be a t dupe of such empty ostentation. Even now, the weak and tie discontented think of him only as a great man unfottunatt! Ica getting that his nthfortunes were the genuine, natural, and n t l / 4 cessary results of his vices." The following is a hasty outline of the eventful history of this extraordinary man: IiONAPARTZ was born on the 15th of August, 1769, at Ajae t b, in the Island of Corsica. Ile was the eldest son of CAR LO NAPARTZ, a lawyer, of Italian extraction, by ;:is wife, Lines Rearsotnn. General PAOLI was his godfather, and General Maasatur his early patron. It is remarkable that Nantes and his illustrious conqueror, the Duke of Wzrzatc-ros, web born in the same year—his Grace having been bona is May, 1769. He was brought up in the Royal Military School France, as an Engineer, and first distinguished himself as rack at the siege of Toulon, when that place was in the pourssioe of the British. He afterwards became the instrument of the Di. rector 13 , by whose interest he was appointed to the command of the French Army of Italy, in which aimed= he , ran a most glorious career of victory, and ultimately &coda peace with Austria. Shortly after, he projected the memorabk Expedition to Egypt; but on experiencing reverses in thug - au. ter, he returned to France. Availing himself of tls: then dis tracted state of the country (the war with Austria being a. neared in his absence), he contrived by violence to overthrow the Executive Directory, and under the Constitution which Sr. ceeded, was appointed First Consul, or Chief of the Repel:li; for a limited term, but afterwards for life, in consequence d his having, by extraordinary exertions in the field, again ton. pelted Austria to accept of peace. His ambition, howere, aspired to the Throne, and in 1804 he assumed the title of La. peror of the FRENCH, and was crowned by the Pore. Afters long course of victory, he experienced his first reverse in Spa, from the brilliant courage of the British Army, ander theca. nand of the illustrious WELLINGTON; and soon afterwards the fatal campaign in Russia put an end to his power, and he RN compelled to abdicate the French Throne in the year 1814. His abdication was followed by banishment to the Isle of Elba, where every attention and splendour, consistent with security, was provided: Nrirm.rox, however, escaped from Elba on the 26th of February, 1814, at night, on board a brig, with a far hundred followers, and landed on the Ist of March, at five is the afternoon, in the Gulf of Juan. Being well received, he proceeded onwards, entered Paris triumphantly on the 206, and immediately resumed the reins of government. The Kite had sent an army to oppose him, headed by Marshal Nee, ohs betrayed his Sovereign, and joined NAPOLEON. The success of Boxaratset did not, however, long remain without a severe check. The fortified line of the Netherlands towards France, which was occupied by strong garrisons, chiefly in British pay, were greatly reinforced under the Duke of WELLINGTON, and a Prussian army trader Prince Execute. To oppose this force, Narotoom left Paris on the 12th of June, 1815, and gained se veral partial advantages till the 18th, when he was totally de feated near Waterloo, and fled back to Paris, where he declared his political life to be terminated, and withdrew in privacy. The conquering armies entered Paris on the 3d of July, and on the Bth Loins rc.entered the Capital, followed by the Allied Sove reigns. Naroxiox reached Rochefort, where he endeavoured to escape by sea; but finding the attempt vain, he surrendered himself to a British man of war, which sailed immediately far England, and soon anchored in Torbay. He there remained m board until another ship was prepared for his reception, which carried bins to St. Helena, the place of his exile and death. The Paris Papers of Monday arrived this forenoon. The Censtitutionnel contains a paragraph which, if true, may be considered as declaratory of war be tween Russia and Turkey. It says, that " the Diva having refused to reply categorically to the note d the Russian Ambassador, the latter has quitted Cos stantinople."=An article from Lisbon of the 16th June confirms the account of a destructive confla gration in that capital contained in the private letter, which we have given in another part of our Paper- Charleston. Papers arrived this morning to the of May. The following is an extract : " BUENOS AYRES, MARCH es. " Ramires, who has collected a considerable force al Fo re Rio, with which it is reported he intends to attack the province of Santa Fe, has caused great alarm here; and all the adzes le well as strangers have been called upon to take up arms. Co rera, at the head of a small force, composed of Indians ad di affected citizens, from different quarters, had invaded the pro" vince of Cordova, the Government of which had taken the fril to oppose him. In the meantime, Deputies had been appointed by the different Provinces to a General Congress, about to se, semble at Cordova, for the purpose of adjusting their difference* , and establishing a union; but it is doubtful whether their la bours will have the desired effect." The Kixn returned to town on Tuesday evening rum H.t n xi.ou Court.