Star. — London, England, 1831-06-06 00:00:00

I dov w(0 ADMIRALTY OFFICE, MAY 14, 1831. NOTICE is hereby given, that a Session of Oyer and Terminer, and Gaol Delivery, for the Trial of Offences committed on the High Sea., within the j uriulietion of the Admiralty of England, will be held at M'STICE HALL, in the 01. D BAILEY, LONDON, 011 FRIDAY, the 17th of Juan nest, at Eight o'Clock in :he Morning. 11 ' ///: O " r " 1 " 111) 7b 1788. '~~~L' N°. 13,802. MONDAY EVENING, JUNE 6, 1831. PRICE SEVENPENCE. And all Sheriffs, Gaolers, and Keepers of Prisons, in whose custody any prisoners, charged with offences com mitted on the high seas, or within the said jurisdiction may be, are hereby required to transmit a copy of the commit ment of every such prisoner to Mr. CHARLES JONES, •he Solicitor of the Admiralty, at his Office, No. 10, Lan -aster-place, Strand, London, in order that the necessary measures may be taken for removing all such prisoners to his Majesty's Gaol of Newgate, for trial ■t the said in tended Sessions. And all Mayors, Justices, Coroners, and other Officers, before whom any inquisitions, informations, etaminations, or recognizances, may have been taken, touching any su h offences, are required to transmit the sane forthwith to Mr. JOHN CLARK, the Clerk of Arraigns of the High Court of Admiralty of England, at his Office, at the Sessions House, in the Old Bailey, London. GEORGE ELLIOT. MECHANICS' INSTITUTION, SOUTHAMPTON-BUILDINGS, HOLBORN. LA. A LECTURE ON RUPTURE will be DE LIVERED in the THEATRE of the above In. stitution, by Mr. 0. S. ACRET, of 39, Houndslimb, ou TUESDAY EVENING, the 14th of Jane. As this Lecture is intended to instruct those afflicted with Rupture. as to the nature of the complaint, and the proper application of the remedy, means will be adopted to render the same intelligible to a non-professional audience. Dora open at Half•past Seven, Lecture to commence at Eight o'Clock. rickets, One Shilling each, may be had at the Library 0 the institution, or at 39, Hounsditch. MR BEST AND MOST DURABLE HATS IN TILE KINGDOM. 110WDEN, Waterproof fiat Maker, 17, and 1/ 27, High Street, Iroomsbury, most respectfully in forms his numerous Customers and Friends he has opened the (louse (17) nearly opposite St. Giles's Church, partly la consequence of the increasing demand for Hats of his manufacture, and partly to counteract an opposition forming by some individuals known by the cognomen of Jews who have crept into the trade and dubbed themselves Hat Makers, vending an Article which the unsuspecting Purchaser might imagine, from a casual survey, to be intrinsically good, and thereby materially injuring the long-established fame he has enjoyed, from the circumstance of many occasional cus tomers rot being acquainted with the precise situation of ids houses. BOWDEN needs only to add, that from the extensive patronage he has already received, (and which be wish gra titude views daily extending) he is convinced that all articles purchased at his houses have given that satisfaction which it ever has and shall be his study to deserve ; asking as a favour from the public, and his more immediate friends, that they will please to observe his Establishments are only Two in that Street, viz. 17 and 27, which Houses he 1413 endeavoured to render conspicuous, thereby to avoid disappointment. _ _ (..} Old Hats covered with Silk from Gs. to Bs. N.ll.—Shopkeepers and Country Dealers supplied on the most advantageous terms. INDIGESTION, HEARTBURN, &e. BUTLER'S COOLING APERIENT POWDERS. rp H ESE Powders produce an effervescing A. draught extremely grateful to the palate, as well as at the same time a mild and cooling Aperient, peculiarly adapted to relieve Indigestion, Heartburn, and Nausea, and counteract acidity in the stomach. If frequently taken, they will obviate the necessity of having recourse to Calomel, Bap. torn Silit , and other strong aid nauseous medicines, which often debilitate the system without producing the desired ef feet. When taken after too free an indulgence in the luxuries of the table, particularly after too much wine, the usual dis agreeable effects are prevented. Sold in boxes at 2s. lld. by Messrs. Butler, Chemists, Cheapside, Coiner of St. Paul's, London, and the principal Druggists and Booksellers.—Of whom may he had, BUTLER'S IMPROVED DAFFY'S ELIXIR. This preparation (made with the finest Brand!), will be found much superior to any other. In half-pint bottles, at 24. lid. N.B. Ask for Butler's Cooling Aperient Powders. THE REAL PEARL MILK is the only Cosmetic In the World that prevents the face, neck, arms, and hands, becoming wrinkled; and what is more remarkable, if a Lady or Gentleman begins to be wrinkled through advance in years, or from illness, which is often the case, the real Pearl :Milk is so soothing and softening to the skin, that by a few times using it the wrinkles will disappear, and the skin will become level ; and is the only article that makes the complexion clear, beautiful, and healthy; is pleasant. cooling, refreshing, and so innocent, tbd it may be used with safety to infants. It clears all cutaneous eruptions, spots, pimples, redness, blotches, (and even actually clears itching pimples). Persons subject to L:prosy, King's Evil, and Scrofula, will find the real Pearl Ildk the finest remedy t and it nukes coarse, sallow, and sickly complexions • healthy Moons and radiant whiteness. Ladies who use the Pearl Milk will have no occasion to rouge, paint, Sec. as the best of them L un healthy, and injurisus to the skin ;—therefore Ladies ought to be particular what they use for the skin, as the skin is naturally thin and delicate. There are young as well as elderly Gentlemen who are subject to pimples, and pe titularly elderly Gentlemen, whose chins naturally get !Olt and begin to wrinkle, and shaving becomes difficult, and often cut themselves, but by washing their face with the Real Pearl Milk, or by putting some on the soap when shaving, Instead of water, it makes the chin hard and plump, clears all imperfections, and shaving will be comfortable. Several Lath.: have declared they have spent pounds fur articles I t h e skin that are so puffed in the Newspapers, but they round they have been defrauded, as it did more harm to the skin than good ; but after a few times using the Real Peal Milk, they were so pleased with it, as it began to beautify their complexion, and they found the oftener they used it the more it cleared away the red spots they had been subject to; bat they said it was a pity it is so dear or they would use it oftener. A Lady of Distinction, about forty-five, has declared to the Proprietor, about two years ago, after recovering front an illness, observed wrinkles under her eyes, that made her look years older : and had had the first medical advice, and used several French and English Cosmetics, yet found the wrinkles increased, but of .ate washing bar face With the Pearl Milk, her akin gradually became smooth at,d even, and made her complexion look healthy and youth. ful• And what makes the real Pearl Milk so valuable to young Ladies, as well as elderly, when washing with it the race, neck, hand., and arms, makes them look healthy, fir, and beatuiful. /Cr In short, if the Royal Family, Nobility, and Grotty, whohave not used the Real Pearl %Ink, will honour It with a trial, they will find it the most valuable article no co: toilet. There Ire some Utiles and Gentlemen. no ioub., who think it Impossible for the Real Pearl Milk to igissess the above remarkable virtues, but a trial will con .mee them of its efficacy. l'rice, a Sovereign per Bottle. ~r Six Bottles for Five Pounds ; and as several Ladies and Grutlcrnen applied to the Proprietor, and wished him to sell smaller Bottles for trial, the Proprietor has now prepared nail-Sovereign Bottles ; but a Sovereign Bottle contains nest three Half-Sovereign Bottles. sold by Prince, 9, Poland-street, Oxford -street; Sanger. Oxtord-street, opposite New liond-Areet ; Proof ; 246, Strand ; and Johnson, 68, Cornhill. The reason the Pearl Milk is so high a price, is through the principal ingredient being very rare and very expensive, hat a Bottle lasts a long time, and a little has great effect. A good price given for old discoloured and unshaped real Peark, unfit for Ladies' ornaments, as real Pearls Is the priocipal ingredient of the Real Pearl Milk ; and if a Lady 11.% each real Pearls to diapooe of, the Proprietor will either gis t a rod price, or exchange them for Pearl Milk. Forwarded to any part of the Country, or to the Con tinent, by sending a remittance.—Direct to the Proprietor, .11r. PRINCE, No. V, Poland Street, Oxford Street, London. R 11 1. re Ic at a. rt. b. at If* 11. T. at da up eo li- it to te ; b tat I l- ed re. sae be Alf vs la no e t ed at- mtp ten uld , bt,. it a tae tat. tuir ri lc • itu ttcl led ly' )11 ell .ud - I 761 ree AY Let 1 r. THE DISSOLVED CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES. PARIS, JUNE 2.—" Long look'd for—come at last!" This is what we all say this morning; and though we feel that the measure is late, " yet better late than never." At length the Chamber of De puties is dissolved. It was returned to accomplish an object, and to arrive at one result. It was re turned in the reign of Charles X. to convince Charles X. that the nation would not be governed by a Polignac administration, and that the electors required the honest interpretation and the honest fulfilment of the Charter of Louis the Eighteenth. But although thus returned by the nation as then represented by the then electors, the ill-advised Monarch would not permit the Deputies to as semble, and the revolution of last July inter vened, and gave a new character to the Re presentatives of France. M. Cormenin was quite right in the abstract, when be said that the Chamber of Deputies of 1830 was charged with no other mission than that of overthrowing the Po lignac Administration, either by an Address, or by refusing the Budget ; and le g ally speaking, when the revoluti o n a rr i ve d, t h e Ch amber of Deputies of 1830 ceased to exist. However we cannot blame, but must praise the Deputies who were then at Paris, who took any part in the month of last Au gust. Although the revolution had destroyed the corporate capacity—yet, as citizens of respecta bility, patriotism, property, and talent, they did well to meet in the Hall of the Hotel de Ville, and in the Chamber of the Representatives of the people—and they did well to declare Charles the Tenth banished-_to make a new Charter, and to offer the throne to Louis Philip, but surrounded by repub lican institutions . But here their functions should have ceased. From that moment they should not have acted until an appeal had been made to the country. The electors should in August last have been at once invited to return a new Chamber, and the Deputies who were returned by France to overthrow the Ministers of Charles X. ought never to have re mained in office to overthrow many of the principles of the Revolution ofJuly. In spite, however, of the protestations of the people—in spite of public opi nion—in spite of the efforts of the press--in spite of mobs and assemblies, and journals, pamphlets, and cries of " Down with the Chamber," repeated yet a thousand times over the whole of Fiance, the Chamber of Deputies, elected to overthrow the Polignac Administration, has remained till yester day undissolved ; and has laboured bard to pre vent the realization of the large and liberal pro mises of our last Revolution. Not, however, that our censure must be unlimited, or our dis approbation undefined. The Chamber has done much good, thergh it has done much harm. It has organized the Nc;ional Guards, established the trial of political offences by the Jury, and passed a law, though it was not accepted by the Chamber of Peers, for banishing Charles the Tenth and his posterity to the third , and fourth generations front the sha es of France. But, on the other hand, it has shackled the Press, crip pled the right of public meetings, neglected the introduction of a spit it of rigid economy in the public expenditure, encouraged the cries of the timid and illiberal against the liberal inter pretation of the revolution of July—supported the system of prosecutions for political opinions —aided the Minister in preventing the advan tages of the July revolution from being extend ed to foreign lands—left Poland unaided, Bel gium unprotected, and 'ltaly without a ftiend ; and was contented with the system of " I am clothed and I am fed," without desiring to clothe or to feed those who cried for liberty and eman cipation. To the Chamber of Deputies now dissolved we are indebted for a defective electoral system—for enormous taxes to support an army which is not to act—for hundreds of prosecutions which it bac en couraged against the press—for the rejection of multitudes of propositions made by the patriots of France in the interest of liberty, education, and hu man happiness—and for the difference whieh exists this day—an alarming and a lamentable difference —between the people and the government, the mil lions and the crown. To the votes of the majority of the Chamber, we owe the existence of a station ary government—the humiliation of France in Eu rope—the intestine divisions of Belgium—the failure of the efforts of the Italian patriots, and the present unexampled state of Poland labouring to contend against an enemy ten times more pow erful than herself. If the majority of the last Chamber of Deputies had understood the revolution of July, Belgium would now have been re-united to France—ltaly would have possessed an indepen dent Government, Portug al would have been free from the dominion of 'Miguel Spain would have enjoyed the blessings of a constitutional Go vernment—Poland would have been an indepen dent kingdom—Prussia would not have been longer tricked out of a Constitution—and the power of Austria and Russia would have resethled that ofa babe in swaddling clothes when opposed to the strength of a healthy and vigorous man. If the majority of the last Chamber of Deputies had un derstood the Revolution, Louis Philip would have been the popular Monarch of a happy and con tented people : trade and commerce, manufacturers and agriculture, would have been flourishing ; IFrance would have possessed a national system of representation; the Press would have been freed from vexatious persecutions, and from needless and oppressive imposts; the Budget would have been fixed at the amount which should have been expected by a Citizen King. A law for banish ing Charles X. and his descendants from France would have been unanimously passed—all the mobs and riots of ten months would have been avoided— La Vendee would not have been in a state of civil war—the Clergy would not have been in a state of revolt against the Civil Powers . --France would not have been without allies, and Europe would 'have made the progress of .a century in one little year. September last was the moment for action. By September a new Chamber of De puties could have been returned, prepared to march with and to follow up the revolution of Jtily. Kings were then stupifed and thunderstruck. They would have rejoiced to have made equi• table terms, and have granted wise and noble institutions. But the late Chamber of Deputies was aßoyalist Chamber ;of course I speak of the majority. It was not ultra royalist, like Polignac and Peyronnet, ' but it was royalist like Royer Collard and Baron Louis. It gave time to Kings to think, to enquire, to prepare, to threaten, and to arm; and what has followed all this ? Why France, forsooth! is le Igued in another Holy Alliance to destroy freedom in Belgium, and to compel Four Mil lions of individuals to adopt a system they reject, and to make sacrifices of principleslind of feelings, in order to preserve that peace which France has a right to demand, and ought not to be compelled to crave. The last Chamber of Deputies (I speak of the majority) lent itself to the fears of Louis Philip—to the commercial system of politics of M. Casimir I'erier- -to ant school which values the happiness, honour, and glory of a nation by the price of the Rentes—and to the Restoration party, which even ventures to deny that the events of July amounted to a Revolution. It might have conducttd the people of Europe to the goal they have so long desired to reach, and might have ensured to the millions peace, liberty, and independence. But it mistook its mis sion —mistook the French people—mistook the cha racter of the events of July, and was persuaded to go back to the men of the restoration for guides, ministers, and ambassadors. It feared the people, instead of adopting their cause, and made league with princes, instead of coalescing with the mil lions. It was afraid of following out the revela tion, and so it lent its aid to crush liberty, and re fetter those who had even broken their chains.— This is no partial statement ; these are no idle words of reproach or party recrimination. History, im partial history, must pronounce this judgment on the Chamber cf Deputies—" It «as born to be a giant, but it died a dwarf." MISERIES OF IRELAND. From the Dublin Freeman's Journal. TO THE RIGHT 110 N. THE EARL. GREY. BALLIMA, blvt. Whether distressed or prosperous, or exports must continue : nay, for want of any other branch of trade or industry whereby to meet the rents, tko exports of corn are generally in the inverse ratio of our prosperity. To such extent is the rage for exportatiou carried, that the tenantry are systematically left without seed for the future cul ture of the soil, until bought again at a usurious price ; and some landlords have adopted the sum mary process of the Indian who cuts down the tree b arrive at owe at all its produce. Is such it desolating system to be left without some legislative controul ? Are tenants not only to be abandoned to all the capricious exactions of a cruel landlord ; but, what is worse, must the neighbouring people continue to sustain the burden of that pauperism which they had no share in in flicting? In ►ain will it be advanced that the land lord has his rights, v.ith which the law cannot terfere. The tenant, too, has hie rights, derived from a higher and a holier source. " The labourer is worthy of his hire." Were the proprietor to farm his ow•a estate, he would surely be liable to all the inflictions of a bad season ; and were the present tenant to till his ground in the capacity of a hired labourer, or even of a slave, he would be', permitted to eat of the fruit of his labour, nor would his employer abandon him to starvation. Is the condition of the free tenant to be conti nued worse than that of the hired labourer or the slave ! Is a British subject to continue to live in a state of precarious existence, to which the negro would not be doomed by the Indian planter? Yes, a precarious existence, entirely depending on the degree of benevolence the proprietor may possess as well as on the bounty of the public. Even in the bad theology which sprung from oriental des potism, the malignant principle was not suffered to exert all his influence without the check of a bene ficent Being with which he was associated. It is not surely under a constitution that boasts the bles sings of freedom, the blighting principle is to find no corrective, and that poor people are to be thrown on the world without house, without food, without money. or means to procure it by any employment, merely because they could not controul the times and seasons, and multiply the harvest, or discover the art of making gold by the philosopher's stone. But cruelty recoils upon him who practises it, and the fields of some of those proprietors untenanted and untilled are now abandoned to desolation. In the present state of society any landlord who is cursed with a cruel heart and a head that cannot calulate its real interests, is restrained by no law from indulging his wasting propensities. Were he obliged to relieve, in some shape, the poverty of which his excesses mOat be productive, the avarice of the members of society would prove an antidote against the rapacity of the proprietor, and the con sciousness that he should support every pauper be would make would prove a salutary restraint to his desolating career. Then neighbouring parishes would out be ihundated as now with the flood of! wretched men that is sometimes let loose upon them by those whose hearts appeur to be steeled against every feeling of remorse, es well as every impulse of humanity. If the land were let and leased to the tenantry for an equitable rent—if they were relieved f rom the arrears accumulated in bad seasons—if the seed furnished by hindlords to preserve their land from waste, were, as it would in many cases ap pear to the public, a gratuitous donation, then it might bo hoped that the distress would pass away with the season that produced it, and that the te nantry, with the energy of their labour applied to a prolific soil, might soon be placed in a comforiab!e condition. But the reverse of all these suppositions would be a more exact description of their state. Many of the estates in this country are now subject to the same tents for which they were !et during the years immediately preceding the Lonclusion of the war. I need not advert to the immense depreciation in stock and produce between the two periods. I shall only remark, that if a proprietor knew then the value of his land, a knowledge in which it must be confessed whatever might be his other acquire meats, an Irish landlord is seldom found deficient, on what principle of equity or justice can be now demand for an article triple its real value ? If in the covenant between landlord and tenant, the latter was allowed but a fair remuneration for his labour, when cattle and produce bole a certain price, is it not clear that he is allowed no remuneration, if he is still charged the smile rent, whilst all the product of his industry has sunk more than three or four fold in the value ? The more familiar are these truths, the more they illustrate nay position, that while things continue in such a state as that no industry can meet the rent with its arrears, it is impossible that the people would not be at the mercy of the proprietors, and by consequence, when the proprietors are merciless, exposed even amidst plenty to starvation. I am well aware of the usual apology that is ad vanced for the proprietors. Their lands, it is said, are so encumbered by annuities, mortgages, and marriage settlements, that some of them cannot afford to lower their rents, or what is synonymous, to let their tenantry keep and eat of the fruit of their labour. In the first place, this apology for :ruelty and injustice is not near as extensive as it is assumed. Becausa it is applicable to some gen tlemen, it is taken up as a convenient defence by others, to shield their grinding extortions behind the plea of an imperious necessity. There are many considerable properties in this district free flout any heavy charges. Yet I know the condition of the tenantry to be but little affected by an exemption from such claims ; nay, some landlords who, in addition to a large unin cumbered rental possess a large share of funded property, are as oppressive as those whose estates are subject to encumbrances. And even during the last summer there were among the wealthiest of that class, and there may be this year, indivi duals who refused a shilling to mitigate the hor rors of a general famine. Some law must wring from the reluctant gripe of such persona what a heart incapable of pity forbids them to bestow. Instead of being like stagnant pools that swallow all the rains and dews of heaven, while the waste around them appears parched and sickly, they should be formed into useful reservoirs, with le gislative sluices and outlets, in order that in ma sons of drought they should discharge their redun dant waters to give health and fertility to the country. But supposing the settlements to which I have alluded, is it equitable that the few should not con sent to retrench any of the superfluities, in o:der that the many should be left something of the ne cessaries of life ? Must the people of whole vil lages starve, lest some foreign member of the pro ' prietor , s family should contract in the least the circle of his follies ; or lest a duo ager should pluck a feather from her head dress, or a jewel from those ornaments which the grave decorum of age should suggest to lay aside ? Are the I dissipation and extravagance of the war times like an original sin, to be entailed upon the pea santry alone, and their children, and to be expiated only by those who had no share in the guilt ! What then becomes of the moral axiom that those who partake of the benefit should also share in the burden ? These, my Lord, are serious considera tions. In spite of all that pride and selfishness may suggest to the contrary, the sales populi Su- I preme lea will remain an incontrovertible proposi tion Annuitants, mortgagees, and fundholders have, doubtless, their rights; not so extensive, how ever, as to supersede the existence of the labouring classes. Will it be asserted that they are like the sanguinary idols of old, whose appetites cannot be appeased but by the immolation of human sacri fices? While regard is had to all other interests, those of the agriculturist alone should not be ne glected. If the other officers of society are to be sup ported, surely the labouring classes alone are not to beconsigned to ruin, by whom you, I,and annuitants, mortgagees, and fundholders, and all other function - aries are ultimately supported ? Else we have nut been rightly taught that agriculture is the foutu!a tion of public prosperity : and the error of Ptolemy has misled the antients in political as well as astro nomical science in supposing the land to be the basis of the social system, while the moderns have discovered the funds to be the immoveable centre round which agriculture and its obedient interests must revolve. From this first position of being subject to rents which they ure unable to pay follows the second, namely, of arrears continually accumulating. A prosperous year might have hitherto enabled the tenant to liquidate a portion of the debt, but he has seldom been enabled to cancel it all. Hence in stead of receipts in full many of the acknowledg ments of the tenantry are eternally on account—a practice a hich,without any intentional fraud,exposes to mistakes prod ucti►•e of most serious inconveniences. The years 1817 and 1822 were such disastrous sea sons that, instead of being able to pay the rents, the tenantry contracted additional debts by pro visions furnished in some instances by their land !order. The intermediate seasons were employed in paying up some of the arrears ; so that, like the quarter's revenue with regard to the national debt, h e poor tenant estimate/ the passed half year, not by the quantity of wealth which it might have brought, but by the condition in which it placed him with regard to his arrears. Thus every yenr they hang over hint, discouraging his hopes, and depressing his energies. In a prow( roas season, he may strive wore frequently to steep his cares, unfortunately. in intoxicating b.)vetage, despair ing of his lot, or renew his tare-ed raiment, or, what may be deemed a mighty tff at of successful industry, to replace the mach cow tl at was seised and auctioned in the preceding season : but as for my increase in his fortune, or any add Lionel com fort in his home, or any accession to his house hold furniture, these are advantages to which he is forbidden - to aspire. A genial season may, lile the seventh year in Judea, crown his labours with a double havest, but he is not destined, like that happy people, to enjoy a jubilee which may give him any release from the arrears of rack rents, or any respite from his toils. This second misfortune that affects the tenantry naturally leads to the third, namely, that in their efforts to meet rents and arrears as well as taxes, to which their means are unequal, they are of late years generally left without seed to cultivate the soil. This last, an effect produced by the rents and arrears, becomes in ifs Vim an additional cause to aggravate their burden. To this fact too I ap. peal— a fact now too familiar and notorious to be controverted—as a standing proof of the total in equality between the rents of land and its produce. It may be well, however, to shows little Mare ml 'lately bow this cirametamee operates ee the poor tenant in diminishing his resources. In the course of last spring the tenantry of Tyrawley were for the most part without seed oats, being obliged to dispose of their entire crop the preceding winter, to meet rents and taxes. Many of them were then furnished by their landlords or their agents or sub -agents ; and sometimes by other corn factors with seed at ten shildngs a cwt. on credit until the next autumn or winter. When that time came, they were obliged to thrash and sell their oats at five shillings a cwt. so that for what ever quantity they got they were obliged to dispose of a double portion of their crop, which amounts to cent. per cent. of usury. Again, this very spring they were reduced to the same condition. In many cases the proprietors come to tbair relief, and in others the tenantry have not even that dear bought consolation. I call it dear, because next winter, should they survive this season, it will be exacted in many cases with a rigorous, nay, a cent. per cent. of usury. Some proprietors are praised for expending. sorn► thousand pounds on their tenantry. If it be a gra tuity, as the public is in some instances led to be lieve, the people owe much thankfulness. If it be all, according to the following plan, the pub lic will estimate the va tie of the obligation. An absentee, who draws many thousands from Mayo, relieves the tenantry on the estates, and makes use of the agents for that purpose. The agents purchase corn and potatoes—assemble the tenantry and put them through a long process of swearing regarding the extent and nature of their distress. They then give them corn at 10s. per cwt. on cre dit, until winter, though they were obliged to sell their own oats last winter at five, not however i.ntil they exact another oath t*.at. they ei;l nut sow that seed in any other soil ht t their own, and that the/ shall pay the price laid on it whatever day itsd.all be demanded. On hearing such a stateuteut, I was naturally incredulous, until, in the presence of two gentlemen, I questioned some 4 or .5 of the tenantry, who all affirmed that it was on such conditions they received the o.i.s and potatoes. Now this absentee is a p mon confessedly of great benevolence. Yet what is the value of. ties loan of seed conferred on the pe.)ple on the estates? To oblige them, probably as many have duos last winter, to sell two measures iti order to pay for one of seed which they bought. If this is dune without the knowledge of the kind-hearted sentee, it only demonstrates the evils which neces- sarily result front that system. If done with the knowledse of that person, it is no theme °rime gyric. Yet such is the wretchedness to which tae tenantry all over the country are reduced, that they are Old to get seed and provisions on any term., not from any want of forecast of the consequences.: they are well aware of it ; but, amidst the cravings of want, they become, like the savage, reckless of the future, provided they are rescued from the p. e sent necessity. Add, then, this additional burden of usurious contracts, now a matter of course, to the annual amount of arrears to which he is already subject, and it is not difficult to perceive how it must prep.* still more heavily upon him. The consequence is, no harvest can save him from starvation, provit'Ael the landlord pushes his claims to the exteut to which the law entitles him. Hitherto the rigo►►r of the law was seldom enforced regarding potatoee. There was a tacit covenant generally respected, that while the landlord had the oats for his rent, the tenant had the potatoes for his family. But that sacred covenant has been lately violated in various instances. Example is contagious when favourable to self-interest. As some then have commenced to seize the potatoes, what assurance have the tenantry that others will not follow their example ? If so, no abundance can shield the poor from starvation ; while they have to struggle against a load of rent, disproportioned to the produce, accumulated by arrears, and aggravated still more by yearly totes• stor►s from usurious contracts. Yon may, therefore, perceive, my lord, why I have stated that this evil was not temporary. Subscriptions may be raised for the relief of the poor. Committees may he formed, and provisions distributed. Far from un dervaluing, 1 must applaud and support such ben.- violent measures. They are, however, but tempo rary checks, which will not at all prevent the recurrence of the evil. Nay, what is this huckster ing of seed between landlord and tenants ? Under the guise of humanity, an usurious traffic Is exer cised on the labour of the latter, and the prolific seed of future calamity is perpetuated. JOHN MACHALR.. We are glad to perceive that, among the ncv Members, there are enow of practical men to•x plain the mischiefs of Peel's bill ; and also enow t explain the peculiar value of circulation originating on the spot where is is wanted. On these paints.. the three last Parliaittata ben been deplorably*. norant. It is nbt ea we* the rose quantity pf circulating medium to /14 41 be conaideted,lint the power of generating It ao as to meet the 1041 wants of trade and industry.