Star. — London, England, 1831-01-10 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. NOT From the Moniteur of Friday, Jansuify 7. PARTS, JAW. S. Hi s Majesty has appointed the Duke de Mortemart, Ambassador Extraordinary to his Majesty the Emperor of ail the Russias, and has intrusted him with a special mission. This nomination does not revoke that of the Marshal Duke do Treviso. Count Pozzo di Borgo has received his credentials as Ambassador from his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, t) his Majesty the King of the French. From the Gazette de France, dated Saturday. PARIS, .7aar. 7. Count Pomo di Borgo received yesterday an express frem St. Petersburgh with despatches, dated the 20th December. At the departure of the courier, the Emperor Nicholas 11 . 11•3 Still at St. Petersburgh. _ It is said that the courier brought an answer from the Emperor to a new letter of his Majesty the King of the French, in which an explanation was required respecting the ovements of the Russian troops before the troubles in Po- Ind. The answer is in very pacific terms. At the same time, the Emperor Nicholas has accredited Count Poem di Borgo as ambassador ordinary and extraor dinary. In consequence the Count had this morning a con ference with General Sebastiani, who is to announce a day for the presentation of the new credentials to his Majesty the King of the French. It is supposed that the presentation will take place to morrow. General Sebastiani has announced this diplomatic intelligence to the Chambers. The resolution of the Belgian Congress on the choice of 3 head of the State is expected to-morrow. It appears that the choice will fall on Prince Otho, second son of the King of Bavaria, who is in his 16th year, being born the Ist of June, 1815. This choice, which at first sight would appear unfavourable to France, is said to be connected with a plan 9f alliance between our Cabinet and that of Munich, which would embrace all the intermediate States. An affray has taken place, as it seems, not far from 'lent de Marsan, between the Basques and the Bearnais, who composed the last detachment of the young conscripts that left the city. The Bearnais were the most numerous. The standard-bearer of the Basques, a young man of athletic stature, was killed ; others are more or less severely wound ed. This event gives rise to the most serious reflections. The destination of this detachment, above 600 strong, is Vnienciennes, and yet it had, to conduct it, only three sub altern officers, and one officer who had not even a uniform. There was no drum, no arms, nor any sort of military or ganisation. (From the Messayer des Chambres, dated Saturday, Jac. 8.) PARIS, Jaw• 7. It is announced that the ordinance for the re-organization of the artillery of the National Guard of Paris is ready, and ill be shortly published. ALGIERS, Dzc. 20. Colonel Douvre has been sent on a mission to Tangier, to require of the government of Morocco an explanation of the strange conduct of its subjects relatively to the movements which took place in the principality of Oran. It is believed that English emissaries at Tangier are concerned in these movements. TO THE EDITOR, or THE NATIONAL. " When I entered upon my political career, I delivered my life to the public, and was quite prepared to find, in the organs of the press, contradictors or approvers. Both the one and the other are in the exercise of their right, and I have neither to thank nor to blame them : for it was not my person but the principles which I defend or the opinions I represent, uhich they either blame or approve. However, I cannot re fuse myself the pleasure of testifying to you, Sir, and in your person to the other editors of your journal, how much I am 'le of the very kind manner in which my feeble efforts cause have been appreciated in it. And I have been larly struck with the article inserted in your number Saturday. You have perfectly understood my views, shall have no better answer to make to those who may .. explanations from me, upon my actual position, than refer them to your article. I could not retire before infamous accusations ; that would , been to have given satisfaction to all that coterie of in who cherish a ith reason a great antipathy for me. .1 not retire for the sole reason that Lafayette and Du de l'Eure had retired, because the motives which deter ' them were not taken in an estrangement of political 1, but under circumstances which were personal to . Ives. I felt, nevertheless, the necessity, after jus , myself to the public, to put the Ministry in a sites of pronouncing between me and my accusing coterie. King and the Ministers have refused to accept my ',- ion ; they did not wish to give that satisfaction to my ere ; they did not wish to break with the opinions and .iples which I represent. To insist, under such circnas es, that my resignation should be accepted, would have in my judgment a political fault ; it would have been .:Sce for my private convenience, a position in which aught be useful. I have not therefore thought it my duty act o, and I have seen that all the men whose opinions wk•ilit with me approve of my conduct. For the rest, nothing is changed in my political sites'. Ils deputy ; I shall continue to defend our principles to Lest of my abilities : as a magistrate, I shall endeavour repare our fellow-citizens fur the exercise of the municipal ir, which ought soon to be intrusted to them. I should wished, indeed, that the law upon the municipalities, like 1 ov upon the National Guard, had interfered only to re late a fact, and not to create a right. It was not my fault this was not the case. With reference to what is called political magistracy, it was never, but in a case of neces , and upon the formal requisition of the King, and of his asters, that I had used it. I hope that they will not have the like necessity, and I shall be the first to felicitate ,elf upon it. " 'nil , letter is very long and garrulous, but among our ' ire talk freely. receive, I beg of you, the expression of my most &stip .: sentiments. P.n. 3.,. " ODILLON BARROT. FRENCH FUNDS.—naes, JAN. 7. Ne Per Cents, 93f 90e 50c 40c 50c 4k 150 e 45c 50e 40c 83f 30c ' trte 4,1 c 40c 50c 60e 150 c 40c. • and a half per Cents, 83f. per Cents, 77f. rfor per Cents, 62f 85e 80e 1k 55c 50a 40e 50e 40c 20c 62f 30c 3. 50c. ik Stock, 1,520 f 1,017 f 60c. .te de Naples, 63f 62f 80e 9k 63f. d'Espagne, 144 4 1 6. '1 Spanish Loan, 604 61 4. e Perpetaelle d'Flate 461 47 47i 47 47* 47b 44 471 i• , tian L oan, 323 f U-if34'of. ::.ange on London, one month, money, 251 lbe; Ilaaa assiedny. 25f s c—Cours A utiottivat. the last week several Councils have been held at loyal Academy, Somerset-House, for the purpose of us arrangements for the purchase of the late Sir Ass Lawrence's drawings. It is said that the sum of A. Ives to be offered for them by the Council. They `e understand, in the possession of the Royal Academy, the exact amount by which the purchase of them has , fSected, has not transpired. sensible c in our cal pirticuln: of last Si and I slia require e .o refer t I couli Lace bee inguers I could n Pint de I bled th vstem, hemselvi dying n on of p .(.! Kin ignation mere rinciple tances, en in sacra :aright et F art•i Fur 1 as (11 ,e Lost prepar war, m 481 e law t 'date a ,at thin y pout ay, anc linistei ain thi yself " Thi rends Ree dished ' Jan. el► e r e 49c .1 Four at F u.r p t tr.s. c 30c :1 &Ink s 11..r.te d rctci Rlal ke t o Hat. tiai .ty, 2 J.; rin oy as 'n SPIRIT OF THE JOURNAL& Truss.—The affairs of Bclgiun► become every day mote and more embroiled. Petitions have been sent from Ghent and Antwerp in fa. your of the claims of the Priniti of Orange t• the Crown. Other cities and districts have transmitted to Congress supplications as earnest, in favour of an union . with Prance. The acccasion of the former, in the present state of Belgic feeling, would occasion a civil war, and the adoption of the latter would lead to an European con. filet. In the midst of these perplexities, the insolent manner in which the friendly Protocol of the five Allied Powers has bean treated by the Belgic Provisional Government, end Its Inflexible pertinacity, re sporting the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, have become new dements of danger and disunion. The Provisional Government is said to have made proposals to a Bavarian Prince, who is a minor, to occupy the Belgic throne under a Belgic Regency. This fact is stated with appa rent confidence in the French papers, which mention that the Prince is sixteen years of age, and that Count de llerode is to be Regent. If • minor is to be placed on the Belgic throne, why not have taken the son of the Prince of Orange, against whom the Belgians cannot bring the same allegations u against the father ? ClllolllCLL—Peter the Great, In removing the seat of empire from the Moskva to the Neva, appears to have committed a mistake similar to that of David, the son of Jesse, in Jewish history, who fixed his capi tal at one extremity of his dominions, while he proceeded to extend his territories in a diametrically opposite direction. But the position chosen by the Jewish King, however much it facilitated the future dismember. ment of his kingdom, was in the heart of the possession s o ccu pi e d by t h e privileged Levitical order, the dispensers of good and evil fame, and his policy united the interests of his dynasty with those of the most in fluential and i the only educated class among his subjects. --Peter, on the other hand, owing, perhaps, more to his naval propensities thin to any higher political views, chose a position, which at the same lime facilitates th e fumre dismeM bernsent of the Russian empire, and has tended in a great measure to prevent any thorough union of interests between the Crown and the Aristocracy. If Moscow had remained the capital of Russia, in the hands of rulers not so pig-headed as the Stuarts In England, the mutual fears and hopes of the Emperor and his privileged subjects would, probably before this time, hays converted the Government into a sort of Joint Profit Company, in which the Rowena' family would have been the principal shareholders ; whereas, In St. Petersburgh, owing to the influx of strangers from other parts of Europe, and the absence of the grandees, who could have overawed the Court, the Autocrat has, in the mean time, such a command of fo reign tools and of the poor and needy from among his own subjects, that he can beat down very low the allowance of power to be shared by his aristocracy, and keep a very large portion to him self. By a natural consequence of this policy, the old capital had be. come a focus of discontent so long ago as the time of Catherine 11. who, in allusion to the freedom of conversation whirls prevailed there on political subjects, it is said, used to call it her " little Republic." if it was only for the freedom of speech, the autocrat would have little cause for apprehending danger from this quarter. But it must be recollected, that by far the greater part of the officers in the ar. my is drawn from the Aristocracy (every mother's son of which is obliged to serve either in the civil or military departments); and that, as this class of community musters much stronger in Moscow than in St. Petersburgh, the ties of relationship bind the majority of those who have the physical force under their con. troul to the one place more than the other; that Moscow lies more cen trically than St. Petersburgh with respect to the bulk-of landed property, on which the officers are much more dependent than on their miserable pay; and that it also is much nearer to the corn districts, which, con sidering their importance, may be called, in some sense, the key-stones of the empire. The autocracy having then no moral tie-, either on the bulk of the population, or on the influential classes (with the exception of those who enjoy the sweets of place), and cooped up for its own safety la a corner, where the head is too distant from the heart to preserve the body politic long in a healthy state, depends for its very existence upon the good will of the army ; if it should rebel, or be inclined to revolutionise, the crown-serfs wonld be but • poor support, scattered as they are in patches over all the provinces of the empire...— The double rows of military colonies which stud the country between the two capitals, and hedge in St. Petersbure, Riga, and Archangel, have at present no Inducements to separate their interests from those of their fellow-soldiers ; and even if thad, the country which they encircl e would hardly be worth the figh t for, to the possessors of the fertile southern provinces, though, of itself, it might form a snug enough little kingdom, which would plea the Czar on a more equal footing with his Swedish neighbour. RIRALD.—The fate of the six unfortunate men left for execution at Winchester, and three at Reading, under the Special Commissions, ex cites a stronger and more general feeling of pain and sympathy in the public mind than any event connected with the strict administration of penal justice within our remembrance. Nor is this to be wondered at ; for the people of England are not a sanguinary people, and cannot be reconciled to the miserable spectacles which are the consequence of the unrelenting enforcement of sanguinary laws. Besides, they reflect upon the causes which led to the crimes for which the lives of those men are declared to be forfeited to the law. They find in those causes, not what an justify violence on the part of any clue of the people, but a great deal that ought to opetan in mitigation of the fpunish. talent which the law has decreed to the offences of which the individuals now awaiting their doom have been convicted. We will not row enter into political considerations connected with this unpleasant subject—but we do say that political causes have led to those crimes; and that, for whatever blood shall be shed judicially, or otherwise, Statesmen and Legislators will be deeply responsible— responsible before a higher tribunal than that of man, where the actions of those upon whose enduct the happiness or misery of millions of hu. man beings depended will be tried by an infallible Judge, and the hand of Omniseenee itself holds the balance of Justice. But whatever may have been the precise nature of the political errors which have led to this calamitous result, there is no unprejudiced person in the con. munity who doubts that distress was the immediate cause of the disorders which the special Commissions have been appointed to punish. Distress produced excitement, and exitement led to crime. But acts of disorder, and even of petty plun der, committed under such circumstances, are of a very different character of guilt, at least, in a moral point of view, from those viola. tions of the laws of order and property which are the result of a cold and deliberate depravity of disposition. Such acts must, Indeed, be pu nished ; but, if punished in a manner that causes the public detestation of the offence to merge in sympathy for the fate of the offender, the ex. ample can have no salutary result. For high treason and murder men an only suffer death ; but the rioters and breakers of machines in the late disturbances have not done any thing to confound them in the guilt of the traitor or murderer, and should not be confound. d in their pu nishment. It is true that when the advocates of sanguinary examples are driven from every position of morality, reason, and religion, they entrench themselves behind that of expediency. But expediency was of the doctrine of Pilate, who , on that principle, which is so much in acceptance among modern Statesmen, put one in whom be " found no fault" to death, in preference to the murderer &rabbits. There is no crime in statemansbip, no vice in legislation, no error in the admin. istration of justice, that expediency cannot san ction 1! It is the doctrine invented by knaves to impose upon fools. When men abandon the immutable principles that distinguish right from wrong, and tell us that it is eapedUnl to do a thing which it is not right to do, we think very ceenseeptuensi of such men's understandings, or very unfisvourably of thole either tally or dishonesty is the scum of their actions. The hits Ministers of Prance thought it oopecliene to subvert the Char ter, thigh they were well aware that it was illegal to make the attempt. They tseelliced thousands of lives in pursuance of their wicked wen dons, yet the justice of their country has spored Asir lieu, and the very persons who of the execution of the rioters in the counties of Rants and aP rek e s approved of the sentence which in. fisted only a secondary punishment on the greatest criminals that have held up their bands at the bar of public justice in modern these ? Bow can men reconcile themselves to such contradictions ? If the crimes of the ex-filinisters of Trance had their origin In political considerations, so had those of the English rioters. But the ex. anthem et Fume sacrificed thousands of human Wage to their ruthless anibitien, and the rioters in England did not destroy a single life. Even the &aline of expediency does not apply in this case; for, as public opinion is against the infliction of death, it would answer no conesivalie purpose to inflict it. Ihe survivors will hese mese pity expressed for the fate of their comrades Watt horror at their offence; they wWheer the merci less enforcement of the law condemned by these whose opinions have influence upon their tows—.and all the salutary effect of example will be lost. It is therefore neither rigid nor expedient that the intended executions should take place ; but It is expedient that the moral force of another sort of example should be ;given. The example we mean does not cause any tars to be shed, or bring painful recollections to the isoactenee. It makes no wife a widow, and no children fatherless;— 'above all, It does not teach the people the lessons of cruelty and revenge by spectacles of blood. We speak of the example of mercy I To that noblest prerogative of the Crown of England we now appal. Ors clousness and affability of manner becomes a King t but his mat en during popularity is to be derived from administering justice in mercy. The justice of the law may be executed by many ; but the mercy, which governs, controls, tempers, mid, we may add, Mei/ism the law, is intrusted but to one. It resides in the breast of a King—it is the noblest and most beautiful Hower of his constitutional pre•eminenee!— Judge Hale has said, and modern Judges have reechoed the sentiment, that " Christianity is part and parcel of the law of England." Need we add that mercy is the most sublime and glorious attribute of the Christian dispensation. .., .4111 POLAND AS IT IL IT A FOLIOSE The present " Kingdom of Poland," the heart and centre of its an cient sovereignty, is hereditary in the person of the Russian Autocrat and his succession, and comprises a superficial of 6,340 square leagues, having a population of 3,280,006 souls. It is divided into eight wet wodeship, namely :—Warsaw, flendomir, Kali* Lublin, Pinta, Ma. scoria, Podolachia, and Augussowo. The national revenues amount to fifty millions of Polish guilders (2,280,000 L) of which seven millions are assigned to the civil list expenditure. Its military force consists of thirty thousand infantry and twenty thousand cavalry. Warsaw, with 126,433 inhabitants, is it capital ; and next in succession stead &ado mit-, with 50,000; Lublin, 14,000; and Salim, 8,500 In those portions of Poland which have been incorporated with the dominions of Kugel', Austria,. and Prussia, we find that the nobility have been shorn of some of their feudal rights, whilst the common peo ple have acquired partial advantages. The property of the latter is better secured; the alienation of land is rendered more facile, and the agriculturist or peasant has been enabled freely to tent whole villages and districts, where under the ancient millstone of aristocracy, be was ground down by extortions and impositions, against which there was no legal redress, bemuse every judicial station of any eminence was filled by noblemen. That part of Poland which is subject to Austria, bears the desig nation of " the Kingdom of Galicia and Ludomiria." Its population amounts to 4,170,000 souls, wbo are split into two distinct races, Poles and Rusulaks, the latter being a branch of the Mao-Russians. Lem. berg is the capital of Gaßicia, a country which was an appanage of the kings of Hungary in earlier ages, but was made over by them to Poland in the early part of the fifteenth century, though the abandon. ment of their hereditary right was rather passed sub silentio than openly acknowledged. The equivocal nature of this cession, served the house of Austria for a pretext to bring forward their dormant claim ui on Galicia at the time of the partition. In religious matters, nothing can be more tolerant than the conduct of its new masters; the industry of the country has been greatly promoted by the immigration of German settlers, and the pressure of taxation is extremely light ; but the con dition of the peasantry has undergone no material amelioration. The amount of military force which Galicia contributes to the Austrian ranks, is eleven regiments of infantry and five regiments of cavalry. The provincial governors, who though of noble birth, are in general a race of mere "c6evaliers d'induslrie," keep the country In a rate of discontent by their arbitrary and rapacious conduct. The immense tract of country comprehending Lithuania, Volhynla, and Podolia, and containing a population of 8,000,000 souls, is become part and parcel of the Russian territory, though its natiee laws and customs have remained intact; even the major part of the local ap pointments is intrusted to natives. The nobility have in general con trived to retain their immunities, and the peasantry remain in a mate at abjrct vassalage, though their persons are considered more sacred in the eye of the law. This portion of Poland has evinced a readier disposi. don than perhaps any other, to accommodate itself to political exigen cies, and is become more essentially amalgamated with its Russian yoke-fellows. Of all its Polish acquisitions, Prussia has retained nothing beyond the Grand Duchy of Posen, which has provincial states of its own. As far as personal observation enables me to judge, none of the Poles are so little satisfied with their modem rulers as those of this province, especially the nobility ; there are three obvious causes for this dissatis• faction ; the government appointments are given to Germans instead of nativesZthe Teutonic language has been forced, as far as practicable, upon their adoption ; and their patience is sorely baited and worried by the tedious processes of Prussian legislation. I have reason to believe, however, that this inauspicious state of things has not escaped the vigilance of the Court of Berlin, and that measures are in course of operation to remedy the evil. The Grand Duchy of Poses contains 538 geographical square miles, and 1,051,137 inhabitants; and its chief towns sre Bromberg and Pa5e0...47,44d Service Jourosa NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. MAUS ASSN= Tans DAT.—Dubll_N 2 ; Waterford, 2; Onernsey and Jersey, 1; Flanders, 1. Dam., JAN. 8 and 9.—Wind N.W. light.—Arrived the John and Elizabeth, Mansfield, from New York; and Daih, Farr.= from Smyrna. Arrived from London, the Hellespont, for Constantinople; Sarah Ward, Moore, for Sc. Vincent'. • Naples Packet, Wal s h, f or Naples; Ealing Grove, Falconer, for D omlaica; and Landon Packet, for Faro. Pot:summit, Jae. 8 and 9.—Wind N. W. light —Arrived his Ma jesty's ship Bramble, from ....... PLYMOUTH, JAM. 7 and B.—Wind N.—Arrived from Portsmouth, ►is Majesty's ship Windsor Castle ; Kate, Burnett, from Seville; and Merlin, Boudler, from Lisbon. Off the port, the ilinrrva, Laren, from —. FALMOUTH. JAN. 6.—Wind S. to E.N.F. —Arrived his Majesty's steamer Meteor, from Plythouth. lac 7.—Wind E. to E.S.E.—Arrived the Beer and Wyngett, Cornish, from Gallipoly. Off the port, the Surprise, Hoehn, front Gibraltar. Sailed the Cygnet packet, for Lisbon • Spey packet, for the Brazils; his Majesty's steamer Meteor, f o r the Mediterranean; Princess Elizabeth packer, for Jamaica ; and Rinaldo packet, for Ha lifax and Bermuda. Deamourn, JAN. 6.—Arrived off the port, the Harmony, Dugdale, from Seville. Sctu.v, JAN. 6 —Arrived the Fenwiek, Hurry, from Berblee Wansbeek, Skinner, from Quebec; and Lebanon, Avery, from Mar seille,. HOLTHIAD, Jax. B.—Arrived the Nandi, from Bengal, and Gra. titude, from Barbadoes. Ltvaaroox, JAN. B.—Arrived the Alinerva, limiter, from Gal lipoly ; Fanny Niatilda. Cobden, from Malta; Joseph, Lark, from Seville; and Bee, Chalmers, from St. Andero. Bet.exer. Jan. 7.—Arrived the Donegal. Jardin, from Eichebucto. XJ111411.1, Jaw. 9.—Arr.vid the Elisabeth and Ann, Wright, from Ricisebucto, and Mercer, Mercer, from Malaga. CROOINATEN, JAN. 7.—Arriv. d the Leon., Ferguson, from Genoa. PENSANCI, Jas. 7.—Arrived off the port, the Young Messenger, Baird, from Seville. Arrived the Britannia, Oldis, from Gallipoli. LANCASTII, Jan. s.—Arrived the Laura, Brows, from bliransithi. BRISTOL, Jan. 9 —Arrived the Amity, —, from Bilboa. Cxvnx, Jaw. 7.—Arrived the Iris, Frank, from Trinidad. Jessm, Jaw. s.—Arrived the Arichat, Peton, from Newfoundland. The Bacchus, —, from Prince Edward's Island to Bideford, was on shore off Glendon (Ireland) sth inst. but expected to be got off. Arrived off Holyhead, the Marcotte, Batty, from - Qtarente ; and off Lancaster, the Robert Wm. Harris, Farrel., from St. Andrew's, New Brunswick. NAVAL COURT MARTIAL. (From the Iforsepabire TelgrapA.) PoRTIAIOUTH, Jan. B.—A Court Martial assembled this day on board his Majesty's ship St. Vincent. to wy Commander R. Deana and , Lieutenant W. World°ld, the First Lieutenant of his llajerty's sloop ' Childtrs, for alleged ill-treatment of Mr. CoHymen, a midshipman of that sloop, in June last. President, Captain George Burdett, of the Ganges. Members of the Court Captains Hyde Parker, St. Vincent ;S. C. Rowley, Wellesley ; Edward Harvey, Undaunted; Hon. R. S. Dundee, Belvidere; and Charles Hope, Tyne. Mr. Collymore not appearing, the JUDGE ADVOCATE stated to the Court, that it was his duty to become prosecutor. It appeared from the evidence that was adduced in the proaecution, that Mr. Coliymore, who had served three years as a midshipman in the service, and was with Captain Deans in the Clio, had neglected to make cut a hammock list, or had done it iticarrecti_ ,y for which act or disobedience he was ailiguipsiOsekord impbsi•asi by linWatafold, be Faroe Lieutenant, vies alma bin is the tame -dead es a t. This command he erabokirkb damn. sumumnoteme. ; =deer the Lieutenant bad rimmed it Sor 4 times, be positively refused to go. Lieut. Wore. fold thee went and reported his conduct to the Captain, who immediately pose on deck, and after some conversation with Mr. Worefold, the latter ordered a rope', end to be lowered from the top, which was bent round Mr. Collymore's body, under his arms, and by this means be was hauled up into the main-top, and after some resistance, was seised to the rigging. Lieutenant Worefold again went below, and in about ten minutes after came upon deck, when he found Mr. Collymore had released himself, and gone below. For this aggravation of his offence be was put under arrest in his birth, but shortly after be was sent to the poop, and a sentry placed over him, where he was found by Captain Deans, who bad been on shore in the Interim. Capt. Deans ordered him to be put in irons under th e poop for four hours, and afterwards removed to the steerage for the ni gh t , and he subsequently left the ship. For these punishm e nts the iends of Mr. Coloymore made complaint to die Admiralty, who thereupon instituted the present Court Martial. The prosecution closed about one o'clock, when the Court adjourned to ten o'clock on Monday, when Captain Deans and Lieut. Worefold will enter upon their defence. The trial excited but uriding interest in or out of the profession. PENDING EXECUTION AT READING. On this solemn abject we hazard nothing in string, that -universal sympathy pervades London, while the Provincial Press, in our adviers from the country, indicate a similar feeling everywhere . At Reading, the place where the three cases can be best understool. a petition for wzacy was signed last week, in 38 hours, by 15,000 , er nes, among whom were several magistrates, and the most respectable inhabitants. A friend petition was also signed to the Quacw. Newberry, Healey, Hungerford, and other places, through the county of Berke have ben squally prompt ; and great praise is due to Messrs. Monet, %Ode, and other country gentlemen, for the ail which they have given in seeing Lord Melbourne . We believe more curiosity never existed on a similar subject than prevails in regard to this Reading execution, for it has been a surrtife an the London public. The Morning - Herald of this day contains the following paragraph relative to the six unfortunate men still under sentence at Wiarhest.r : " A gentleman from Hampshire, whose business, as a woolstapier, gives him extensive communication with defamer', is now in Inn. don : he asserts that, from one end of the county to the other, there is a strong feeling among the farmers against putting any of these men to death. This quite accords with an article we lately copied from the Hampshire Telegraph." We also refer our readers to an excellent article from the same p yer in our " Spirit of the Journals." STAR OFFICE, THREE O'CLOCK. We stop the press to communicate the intelligence, that this morning a respite of execution was despatched to Reading, in the cases of Oakley and Darling; but in.:- terborn is left for execution to-morrow morning. ENTRY OF MR. RUNT. The new Member for Preston baying announced to his London partisans, his intention to signalize his triumph, by a public entry into the Metropolis, on his return from the North, on this day ; the Government have considered it pru dent to order the military in the several barracks to hold themselves ready, in case of emergency ; and the London Police having been assembled en masse, at their several stations. The Saint Monday's men have through the morninz crowded the principal streets, and have been moving in the direction of I lington and towards the north road; but the expectation ',Lich had been raised, that the trades, with their Bags, would give form to the procession, their Chairman has put out placards to disavow stich design. A dinner is ordered at the Crown and Anchor, in our vicinity, At 12 o'clock, the hour appointed for Mr. Hunt to meet the intended procession, he arrived at the Painted Red lion Inn, at Islington. At th:s time there were as sembled in front of that place about 2000 people of the very lowest classes. There were eight or nine 'A:Fl eets, chiefly belonging to the sawyers, and one two bands of music. Po was loudly cheered on hi ival the band playing " the conqueting hero." He wore a cfm son sash rouad his body. A short time before his ariil • , Mr. Mitchell, his seconder at Preston, drove up in the baroucl • and four intend d to form the triumphal car, it was d awn by four bore s, ornamented with deep crime rn riblxnz. Same banners we-e exhibited having devices— " thus shall it be with the man whom the people delighteth to honour,"—" the time is come,"—" the triumph of poi tical integrity,' &c. &c. Mr. Mat briefly addressed the multitude from the balcony. The crond could not then be less than 8000, who observed the greatest decorum. A bout one tha procession started, and reached Blackfriars about five o'clock. At bef-past two Mr. Hun,'s p:ocessi n, attended by about a dozen splendid flags, and b:• many thousands of cheering. persons, pissed through Temple -bar; Mr. Hunt was in a barouche, and attended by some other carriages ; and, as if on purpose to set at defiance al: slanders on his trade, Lis blacking caravan, filled with partisans, closed the triumph. TRIAL OF K. CARLILIL—Tuts DAY. The Old Bailey Court was crowded this day to excoss, on aczount of the trial of Mr. CASUALS having come on. The defendant was accompanied by the Rev. Mr. TAYLOR, and a number of friends. The indictment charged the defendant with publishing a wicked and seditious paper, calculated to excite his Majesty's subjects —more especially the agricul tural labourers--to revolt, insubordination, &c. &c. Mr. Carlile objected to the proceeding; and put it t the Court, whether, in the event of his having spoke the words in question, the charge of libel cou ld h ave b een supported. The Recorder replied that it could not. Mr. ADOLPHUS then addressed the Jury; and evidence was adduced, to establish the publication; and Sir Richard Birnie was swo7n, as to the rumours prevailing of combina tions, and the measures adopted by him in consequences. Of the riots and .fires, however, Sir Richard knew nothing more than by common report. He had seen none of them himself. Mr. Twyford was next scorn, awl cross-examined by Mr. Carlile; and this Magistrate's evidence went to prove, that the mobs in Sustex compelled him and his brother ma gistrates to subscribe a paper to raise the wages. To his knowledge macbiues were broken—eleven in one day ; and these riots were carried on by the agricul tural labourers. On cross-examination by Mr. Car lile, witness stated that no violence was used when tie paper was presented for signature; no violent or illegal act was committed in his pr.oence, further than the people ccm ing in large assemblages. The proclamation the Gazette, and the Libel, were now read—the last of which was in the form of an address to the working classes—congiatulating them upon what they had already accomplished; declaring that they were Lot in cendiaries ; calling on them to maintain their opposition to tyranny; and concluding by an exhortation that if they were true to themselves, no power on earth was able to resist them. This closed the case for the prosecution ; ana Mr. Carlile, on being called upon for his defence, denied that he had published the alleged libel, with tie mo tives attributed to him. He argued that the contents of his parer was more remarkable for mildness, and hum mily, towards his suffering countrymen, than any p1:.c..1- mation, or other paper, put forth on the o.:ca aim ; besides the libel was not supported by any (nide:ice ; and he considered that he would be justified in turning round on the accusing gentlemen*, for applying unjus• ifiable proceedings, and epithets towards him, more than going into evidence of an infringement of the law, or a proof of their alle -atiens. The defendant was proceeding when our Reporter left, but we shall give the result in a future edition. • Colonel Scharnborst arrived this week at Mivart's Hotel, on a diplomatic mission from the Court of Berlin. The Colonel is son-in-law to Field-Marshal Guisenau, Com mander-in-Chief of the Prussian army now asee.nbled on the frontiers of Poland. It is reported that the Kent and Sussex blockade services are to be abandoned, that a reduction is to be made in tih. royal marines of 1000 men, that a the yachts except the Royal George are to be paid off, and that the Generals and Colonels of marine(' (held respectively by Admirals and Captains of the navy) are to be done away with. I