Star. — London, England, 1821-06-23 00:00:00

rnTr -- ""; • l o t s - ac e % -- ..ey • eee•-• le ),Itti At •PrAji crib t SATURDAY, JUNE 1821. Nu 10 713 PRU:}I SEV,EN-PEN( KENNET AND AVON CANAL NAVIGATION. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. That the Proprie tor! of the KENNET AND AVON CANAL NW CATION. for choosing COMM ITTF.E-MEN for the different Districts for the Year ensuing, will meet on TUESDAY, the 3d day Of Tilly next, at Eleven o'CloCk in the Forenoon. at the fol. lowirg Places, viz.—The Proprietors resident in the Western Divrict (comprising the Counties of Sornerwt and Gloucester, and the Cities of Bristol and Bath), at the White Lion Inn, In 340:d -street, Bristoi.—The Proprietors resident in the Wiltshire (comprising the County of Wilts), at the Town Dail in ti,,..ii,,irough.—The Proprietors resident in the London District (c.inpri.ing the Cities of London and Westminster, and else whey. within the limits of the Bills of Mortality), at the City of T,vt•rn, Ilishopsgate-street, in the Pity of London.— And the Proprietors resident in the Eastern District (compris ing all the residue of the said Proprietors), at the Town Hall in liatigerford.—Dated tile 22d day of June 9 Int. WARD and MERRI3IAN, Principal Clerks. AGRICULTURAL COMMITTEE'S REPORT. RZPORT ON AGRICULTURAL DISTRESSES. ----- This day was published, in Rvo. price 2a. THE REPORT from the SELECT COM MIT TEE of the DOUSE of COMMONS, on the PETITIONS complaining of the DISTRESSED STATE of AG RICUL TURK Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 18th June. 1831. Sold by Sherwood, Neely, and Join, Paternoster-row; Hard irz, St. Jar:tees-street ; K Wilson, Royal Exchange; and Booth, Bake street, Pot tland-pLlce. • This day was ruhlisbed, price Oat Shilling, THE SUBSTANCE OF THE SPEECH OF 1 MICHAEL ANG F. 1.0 TAYLOR, Esq. in the House of Commons on Wednesday, the 30th of I%loy, 1821, on the DELAYS in the II I G Fl COURT of CHANCERY of ENG• LAND, and in the APPELLANT 417111SDICIION of the nousr. of LORDS. fur T. Egerton, Bookseller to the Ordnance, Mili tary library, Whitehall. . This day was published, I 4te. yorkb Maps, Charts, Plate:, Stc. £3. 133. ed. Second Edition JOURNAL of a VOYAGE for the DISCOVERY of a NORTH WEST PASSAGE from the ATLANTIC to the PACT Fir, perforated in the Years of 1819, and 11120,in hia 3lajesty's Ships H =LA mid Gamut, under the Oder, of WILLIAM EDWARD PARRY, R.N. Printed for John Murray. Albemarle street. This day was publislitd, In Two Vols. 4to. price ‘3. t3s. tid. boards, ITALY.--- By LADY MORG A N.—Printed fat Henry Colburn and Co. Csoduit-strest. Among the'numerous Travellers who have visited Ttaly since the reiteration, no one has been admitted so unreservedly to in- Ipect the interior of its social and political machinery, as Lady :Morg n. The fidelity of her delineations of France (so highly appreciated on the Contlnent, where that country is most tho roughly known) his procured for her an intimacy and r cont inue abroad, which have not been enjoyed by other Travellers. It is therefore with much satisfaction that the Publishers an nounce this Work. containing the Observations collected by Lady Morgan during her two years absence from England. This day were publ:shed, in l2mo. price 4. 6d. boards, PIZACTICAL OBSERVATIONS on COLD and I WARM BATHING; and Descriptive NOTICES of WATERING PLACES in BRITAIN. Ry J A 11 ES MILLAR. M.D. &How of the !loyal College of Physicians, and Lecturer on Natural Iliqury and Chemistry. In this Work, the Complaints in which the use of the Cold or %%arm Bath, and of the Wctirs of our several Watering Places, will prove beneficial, are particularised; and cautions are given against certain improper modes of using these Remedies, which are too preval.mt. Published by Longman, ITnrst, nets, Orme, and Brown, Lon. ; and %V. and C. Tait, Edinburgh. By whom were lately published, Br. Millar's Elements of Chemistry; with its application to expl.tin the Phenomena of Naturz, and thtt Processes of Arts and Bvo. price Les. bcards. LOGKINO GLASSES AND FURNITURE- QEVERAL large SECOND-HAND PLATES, suitable for Chimneys, Piers, and Clievals, are now on foie, on reasonable Terms, at Consult, actor, and COOPER'A eabinet, Upholstery, and Looking-Obis Manufactory, Its, 11- sbopsgate-street-Within.—New Glasses furnished, as large as 130 by 72 inches, 120 by 80, or anyless dimensions, at very reduced }rives.—Plate Glass for windows fitted in at a greater relative advantage than Crown Glass. Noblemen, Guldens/a, Surveyors, Prrprieturs of Halals and ethers, will find this Warehouse deserving attention, from its extensive Variety of the best manufactured Cabinet and Chair Work, constantly on Sale, every Article being offered at a con adorable Reduction. Fureiture delivered to any part of the Country, without risk of Injury or expense of packing. - - - -- HEADING SAUCE. T COCKS, the Inventor and Proprietor of the • CEI.EIIII ATED READING SAUCE, begs most re- Trrtfully to elution the Nobility, Famine', and the Public, .7:::!inst the daily frauds and impositions practised by many Lon -0:.:n and Country Oilmen and Fish Sauce Venders, to deceive sad deprave them of the GENUINE READING SAUCP. None arc genuine bet Chase which have t he corks sealed with tie impression, " J. Cocks, licading;" and also the following description of the Sauce, on an orange.coloured label, " Reading Saue, for Fish, enriching Gravies, &c. Prepared and Sold, Wholesale and Retail, by J. COCKS, Reading." This Since is generally used at table with all sorts of Pish, is preference to all other I ish Sauces, and is esteemed peculiarly calicieus with Game, Wild Fowl, Hashes, Steaks, and Cold Meat. Warranted to keep good seven years In any climate. It is presumed that no Sauce ever met with such general appro bation and extensive sale. It is patronised and recommended by most of the FIRST FAMILIES in the Kingdom, and is retailed in London by 250 of the most respectable Oilmen and Fish Sauce Venders; in Bath, by 30; Bristol, 20 ; Edinburgh. Glas low, Perth, and Aberdeen, 50; and by nearly all the principal Fish Sauce Dealers in the United Kingdom, most of whom sell Coats's Genuine and Superior Esselte': of Aiscuovies, made with prime Gorgona Fish, tilt as possible. BURGESS' ESSENCE OF ANCHOVIES. Vuebeuse, 107, STRAND, corner of the SAVOY-STEPS, LONDON. JOIIN BURGESS and SON being apprized of the numerous endeav ou rs m a de by m a ny Persons to impose a spurious Article for their make, feel it incumbent upon them to request the attention of the Public, In purchasing what they c'aceive to he the Original, to observe the Name and the Ad- Ores, corresponds with the above; the general appearance of the spurious descriptions will deceive the unguarded, and for their detection, J. Buttons arid SON submit the following Cau ttaes :---Some are in appearance at first sight " The Genuine," St without any Name or Address:—some " Braces ' ; Es t, cce of Anchovies:"—other, " Buzczes,"—and many more t.ithout Address. !OH\ BURGESS and SON having been many years k - aoured with such distinguished approbation, feel every semi ''rot of respect towards the Public, and earnestly solicit them insirct the Labels previous to purchasing what they conceive of their make, which they hope will prevent many disap i. titrth.ntS. BURGESS' NEW SAUCE, for general purposes, harin; pin such gnat satisfaction, continues to be prepared by them, is recommended 43 a most useful and conveuirat Sauce— ': kerp geod iu all ei.inates. li at4lstoc:-, to:, STItAND, corner of the Savoy -steps, L t indon. true ORIGINAL 11911-SACCR wA RRNOLSg). The Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons upon the Petitions complaining of the distressed state of the Agriculture of the United Kingdom, has been printed ; it is of great length.— The Committee say, " It is with deep regret that they have to commence their Report by stating, that, in their judgment, the complaints of the Petitioners are founded in fact, in so far as they represent, that, at the present price of Corn, the returns to the occupier of an arable farm, after allowing for the interest of his investment, are by no means adequate to the charges and outgoings, of which a considerable pro portion can be paid only out of the capitals, and not from the profits of the tenantry. This pressure upon the farmer is stated by some of the witnesses to have materially affected the retail business of shopkeepers in country towns connected with the Agricultural Districts. But, notwithstanding this diminution of demand in particular parts of the country, it appears by official Returns, that the total consumption of the principal articles subject to duties of Excise and Customs have increased in the last year, compared with the average of the three preceding years; and also that the quantity of cotton-wool used for home consumption, and of cloth manufactured in Yorkshire, was greater last year than in the-year preceding, al though the export of woollens in 1820 appears to have diminished. Your Committee have not the same authentic means of ascertaining the consump tion of iron ; but there appears every reason to believe that it has also increased." The Committee state that, " this revulsion is of the same nature as many which have occurred in different periods of our history, and the pressure has in many instances led to a diminution of rents." The Com mittee then offer some observations on the effect of the derangement of the currency, in deranging the markets; and express an opinion, " that whatever may he the ultimate operation of the restoration of the currency upon the nominal rental of the king , dom, there is no reason to apprehend that the dimi nution can ultimately exceed that proportion of the increase which, during the war, grew out of the de preciated value of the currency. • The Committee aie also satisfied, by the result of their inquiries, that " in the present year the price of Corn has been further depressed, by the general abundance and good quality of the last harvest in all articles of grain and pulse; more particularly in Ire land, in which part of the United Kingdom the pre• ceding harvest of 1819 was also uncommonly pro ductive. Several of the witnesses examined have stated their belief that the prices of grain have further been depressed, in the present year, by the very large importations of foreign Corn which took place before the ports were closed in the month of February, 1819 ; but looking to the very high prices, and to the constant and brisk demand which prevailed in our markets so long as the ports continued open in 1817 and 1818, it may be inferred, that the greatest part of those importations was necessary, and was disposed of during those years, to supply the daily wants of our consumption; and that it is therefore only in a remote degree that the present prices can be influ enced by the occurrences of that period." " It can scarcely be necessary for the Committee to remark, that the growth of wheat has been greatly extended and improved, of late years, in all parts of the United Kingdom, but principally in Ireland, since the year 1807. The Committee then proceed to state, that " in the earlier and more remote stages of our agricul ture, similar alarms prevailed; but they were only temporary, and the fears entertained were dissipated by the natural course of seasons and events ; and it °lien happens that those disorders are prolonged, if not aggravated, by too much interference and regu lation. '—The staple commodities of other countries have fallen in as great a proportion, if not greater, than the fall in the price of grain in this country.— That it is their opinion, " the annual produce of Corn the growth of the United Kingdom is, upon an ave rage crop, about equal to our present annual con sumption; and that, with such an average crop, the present import prices, below which foreign Corn is by law altogether excluded, are fully sufficient, more especially since the change in the value of our money, to secure to the British grower the complete mono poly of the home market." " Protection cannot be carried further than mono poly; and this the British grower has enjoyed for the produce of the last two harvests." They suggest to Parliament, as a matter highly deserving their future consideration, whether a trade in Corn, constantly open to all nations of the world, and subject only to such a fixed duty as might com pensate to the grower the loss of that encouragement which he received during the late war from the ob stacles thrown in the way of free importation, and 1 , thereby protect the capitals now vested in agricul ture from an unequal competition in the home mar ket—is not, as a permanent system, preferable to that state of law by which the Corn Trade is now regu lated; but in .suggeAing this change of system for further consideration, as a possible improvement of the Corn L ices at some future time, the Committee are fully aware of the unfitness of the present mo ment for attempting such a change, when a great accumulation has taken place in the shipping poi Is on the Continent, and in the warehouses of foreign Corn in this cc:ill:II: . But though Parliament would not now deem it expedient to abandon- entirely the principle of the existing law, the Committee roisceive that they might modify its operation, by imposing a fixed duty upon Corn, whenever upon the opening of the ports it should become admissible for home consumption, in which case, -however, if adopted, it would be neces sary that the present import price should he fixed at a lower rate, becalse it is obvious that the duty would other wise not only check the sudden and overwhelm ing amount of import, but also euk.auce the price be yond what it might reach undei the present law; an effect which the Committee are so far from desirous of producing, that they think it would be probably expedient to guard additionally against it, by pro viding that after Cori should have reached a certain I high price, the duty should cease altogethe..." The' Committee further recommend, that " every oppor tunity should be watched, and every practical Mea sure adopted for reducing the amount of the public expenditure." The Committee 6 , are desirous, how ever, to correct the mistaken opinion, that the de pression under which our agriculture now labours is either exclusively or principally to be attributed to taxation." The Report continues verbatim: " Your Committee have abstained from urging, in favour of an open intercourse in foreign corn, those general principles of freedom of trade which are now universally acknowledged to be sound and true, in reference to. the commerce of nations. If it be for the wisdom of the House, on the one hand, to en deavour to revert to those principles, as far as Practi cable, in this, and in all other cases i on the other, it is also fur its prudence and its justice to take care, in that application, to spare vested interests, to deal ten derly with those obstacles to improvement which:the long existence of a vicious and artificial system too often creates, and sometimes even to modify and limit that principle, in reference. to considerations of gene ral policy connected with the institutions, or the safety of the State. Looking to the possible contingencies of war, your Committee are not insensible to the im portance of securing the country from a state of de pendence upon other, and possibly hostile, countries, for the subsistence o f population. Looking to the institutions of the country, in their several bearings and influence in the practice of our Constitution, they are still more anxious to preserve to the landed inte rest,. the weight, station, and ascendancy, which it has enjoyed. so long, and used so beneficially. Their ' first wish, therefore, is, that, whatever general sug gestions they may offer, should be scrupulously exa mined with a due regard to these two considerations. As they have adverted to the state of the country between 1773 and 1814, as connected with the im portant subject of their inquiry, it may perhaps assist others in their researches and reflections, to state, that your Committee selected that period, because the year 1773 was, in fact, the commencement of a great change in the practical operation, if not in the avowed policy of our Corn Laws. From that date, the aggre gate balance of our imports of grain, taken upon a series of years, began to exceed the balance of our exports. But upon looking back from that year to the period of:the Revolution in 1688 (a space of 85 years), our exports taken for any number of years, on the contrary, exceeded our imports. From the year 1697 (the earliest date from which accurate re turns have been made) to the year 1773, the total excess of espoits was 30,968,366 quarters; upon which exports bounties amounting to £6,237,176 were paid out of the public revenue. A course, some what similar in principle, of exciting an export by a bounty, but more desultory in its application, and more freqently interrupted by arbitrary interference, prevailed under the Princes of the llouse of Stuart ; and if we look to a still earlier period, we find that the same policy of forcing the growth of corn was attempted, by harsher expedients, during the reigns of the Tudors. Between the reign of Henry VII. and the 39th of Elizabeth, numerous Acts • of Parliament were passed, for the express purpose of encouraging tillage. Those laws proceeded upon the principle of compulsion, limiting, for instance, the number of sheep and live stock, prohibiting the conversion of arable into pasture, and enjoining the breaking up of pas tures, which had at any previous period been arable, either under a pecuniary penalty, or a forfeiture of half the land, 6 until the offence be reformed. . " These compulsory laws (all of which it may be observed preceded the introduction of that Act which laid the foundation of the system of our Poor Laws), appear to have been principally suggested by a wish to find employment for the population, and to relieve their misery, by enforcing an extension of cultivation beyond the wants of the country. But, neither under those laws, nor under the subsequent attempt to augment the produce of our agriculture, by the crea tion of a fictitious foreign demand, excited by a large bounty on exportation, did the agriculture of this country make any advance, at all to be compared to that unparalleled prosperity which began with the decline of that system about the beginning of the last reign, and which, with some few temporary in terruptions, has marked its progress up to the pre sent time. In comparing the two periods, each of nearly equal duration, between the peace of Utrecht and the commencement of the seven years war—and I between the years 1773 and 1814—and recollecting 1 that the first period was one of almost uninterrupted peace, and that nearly thirty years of the latter have passed away in the exertions of two most extensive l wars—that during the former period the market in terest of money was generally much below, and !during the latter frequently as much above the rate tire." by law—that during the fornier the aim of the 1 Leg islature, was by artificial means, to divert the s ap plication c.f capital from other employments to that of agriculture, as well by positive bounties, which forced an export of grain to other countries, as by duties which generally altogether precluded its im port either from the Continent or from Ireland—that during the latter, agriculture has, in point of fact, been v ithout either of ,those stimulants—your Com mittee cannot look at these contrasted circumstances, coincident during the first period, with a compara tive , stagnation of our agriculture, and, during the I second, with its most rapid growth and improvement, without acknowledging that there was nothing in 'the system pursued up to 1773, which necessarily H I promoted this most essential branch of public in dustry and national wealth ; and also, that there is I nothing incompatible with the succest of both these • 4 lien. ✓II. c. 12; 7 }lon. VIII. c. I ; 25 Ditto, c. 13; 27 Dstio. c. 52; 5 and G inward Vj. c. 5i 5 ELzabo.h, c. l ; pw, c. a. objects, in the system which has practically prevailed since tlfat date. If the quantity of wheat, the growth of Great Britain, was trury e.timateci, as it was esti mated in 1773, at four millions of quarters, and if it•cannot now be stated so low as at double that amount, it is evident that the change of system has been attended with no defalcation of produce; it, since that year, the number of cattle and sheep has been vastly augmented, their breeds improved, and, by those improvements, • their size and aptness to fatten, and in sheep their fleeces greatly increased; if, by this augmentation of live stock, a greater quan tity of manta.: has been produced ; if all the most important but expeasive melioratiBns of modern hus bandry have been introduced ; if scientific drainages have been undertaken, and extensive% wastes enclosed, to augment the produce of the land—it cannot be said that there has been a want of encouragement to invest large and adequate capitals in this branch of national industry. " lf, from Agriculture, your Committee look to the perinanent improvements which have been made in the country itself within the same period, the bridges which have been built, the roads which have been fornied, the rivers which have been rendered navigable, the canals which have been completed, the harbours which have been made and improved, the docks which have been created, not by the Pub lic Revenue, but by the capitals and enterprise of in dividuals; if they look, at the same time, to the un exampled growth of manufactures and commerce, in the contemplation of this augmentation of internal wealth, which defies all illustration from comparivn with any former portion of our history, or of the his tory of any other State—your Committee may enter tain a doubt (a doubt, however, which they wish to state with that diffidence which a subject so extensive naturally imposes upon their judgment), whether the only solid foundation of the 'flourishing state of Agriculture is not laid in abstaining, as much as pos sible, from interference, either by protection or pro hibition, with the application of capital, to any branch of industry ?—whether all fears for the decline of Agriculture, either from temporary vicissitudes to which all speculations are liable, or from the exten• sion of other pursuits of general industry, are not, in a great degree, imaginary ?—whether Commerce can expand, Manufactures thrive, and great Public Works be undertaken, without furnishing to the skill and labour which the capitals thus employed put in motion, increased means of paying for the produc tions of the land ? whether the principal part of those productions which contribute to the gratification of the wants and desires of the different classes of the community, must not necessarily be drawn from our own soil, the demand increasing with the popu lation, as the population must increase with the riches of the country ?—whether a great part of the same capital which is employed in supporting the industry connected with Manufactures, Commerce, and Public Works, does not, passing by a very rapid course into the hands of the occupier of the soils serve also as a capital for the encouragement of Agriculture?—whethsr, in our own country in for mer times, and in other naturally fertile countries up to the present time, Agriculture has not languished from the want of such a stimulus ?—and whether, in those countries, the proprietors of the land are net themselves poor, and the people wretched, in pro portion, as from want of capital, their labour is mot e exclusively confined to raising from their own soil, the means of their own scanty subsistence? If these questions should be answered in the affirmative, it follows, that the present solidity an d f uture improve ment f our national wealth depend on the contktl ance of that union by which our agricultural prosre rity is so closely connected with the preservation cf our manufacturing and commercial greatness. " It will be for the House to appreciate this view rf the subject, to watch the p rogress o f events a ff ect i ng any of the great branches of our industry, and, ire its wisdom, to determine, according to circumstances, how far, and by what arrangements, it can best re concile those considerations of state policy which make it desirable that this country should not be come too habitually or extensively dependent, for the subsistence of its people, on foreign supply, with the necessity of guarding, as much as possible; against creating, by artificial means, too great a dif ference between the cost of that subsistence here and in other countries ; not only is regard to the people themselves, but also from the risk which must be in proportion to that difference, of driving much of the capital, by which their industry and labour are supported, to seek employment in other counties. For there cannot be a doubt that this difference ope rates, in the same manner as taxation, to diminish ihe profits of capital in this country; and there can be as little doubt, that though capital may migrate, the unoccupied population will remain ; and remain to be maintained by the landed interest, upon whose resources, diminished in proportion to diminished de mand, this additional burden would principally fall. " In some of the Petitions referred to your Com mittee,Jhe depression and distress of all those con cerned in auricuiture, are mainly ascsibed to the ex. tent of our public burdens coupled with their dimi nished means of beatiqg tilem. The general ittPlu i ence of taxation upe.. - . sate of the country, is a subject too extensive t:, be entered upon Ly your Committee, without exleeding the houl:ds prescribed to them by the nature of the reference made to them by the House. They lament its weight, because, however imposed, taxes mu s t atc:ssarily abridge dit re.,ources and comforts of those by whom they as ultimately paid. But the questio n f or m ore inimc. diate consideration is, whether, in the dittribution of this unavoidable evil, the profits of farming capial have been heietofoie, or can permanently be mole affected, than the profits of capital engaged in other branches of industry. They count t di.cover a y giounds fur believing that, during the war, wl en taxation was carried to its greatest amount, the profit of Laming capital two lowered in its relative proper-