Star. — London, England, 1831-09-27 00:00:00

i• a at x be of La of a • ; he we LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPT. 27. foreign Governments, and even Louis-Philippe of having encouraged the expedition of the Spanish refugees against the Peninsula in the autumn of l as t year. M. Guizot was accused of having ac tually paid persons to make mobs, and M. Perier. . of being so alarmed at the presence of Louis Bona page's son in the capital, that he had implored Hortense, as she valued her own life and the peace of France, to quit Paris and proceed to England. A letter from Paris gives the following analysis of the Chamber of Deputies :- 1. There voted for the Minister .. .. 221 2. Oi the thirty Members to be elected, there will be Ministerial 3. Of the forty-three Deputies who were 111, •c. give the Minister 33 And the Minister will have a total of ... 250 On the other hand— 1. There voted against the Minister ... ... 135 2. Then thirty Members refused to vote, al they con sidered the vote Illegal 30 3. 01 the thirty Members to be elected, there are anti-ministerial 4. Of the forty-three Deputies who were ill, &c. give to the Oppodtion 20 And the Opposition will have a total of ... 2U9 VIENNA, SEPT. Ib.—Since yesterday the cholera has began to spread rapidly here; this evening the number of victims already amounts to hundreds; his Majesty never theless honoured the theatre with his presence, and to-day, so far as is known, had no farther measures taken for his own safety and that of the family. THE EVENING STAR. ONE o'Ci.ocx, Taus 116,77 L —Thermometer, 70. Ba. meter, 29.• i. Weather, fair, and cloudy. Wind S. An absurd belief prevails, and is expressed with gr avity, even by men of general good sense, that the stygnation of trade is owing to the Reform Bill ! So whimsical an assertion is an addition to the thousand proofs, that though man is a reason ing, yet he is not a rational animal. For the last five or six years, we have heard the stagnation ascribed to every variety of cause, by persons who can see no further than the breadth of their own counters, or, in the more common phrase, not fur ther than their noses. The Ironmasters of Staf fordshire, at length, begin to unfold, what ought never to have been a mystery to the lowest degree of intelligence. The Country Bankers have un derstood it well enough ; and it is a subject on which we have often descanted in the The primary cause of the present stagnation was the panic of December 1825, which spread the same ruin through the commercial world, as the recent hurricane in Barbadoes has spread through that island. It extirpated the commercial elite in all branches of trade, and crippled and injured aU others, except those selfish reptiles who escaped, just as a savage who lived in a cave might have escaped from the hurricane. Then, instead of this devastation being corrected by measures of relief, the ignorant ministers of the day, and their servile parliament insulted the sufferers, and imposed restrictions which aggra vated the calamity. In the same perverse spirit, Peel's bill was pamed,and this was the coop de grace to all commercial enterprise in Britain. The delete: rions consequences proceeded gradually, and they had accumulated to an intolerable degree, when the Wellington administration were expelled, owing to insulting declarations on this very subject made in Parliament. Circumstances, or the erroneous views of theo rists, and of the aristocracy generally, prevented the present Ministers, by an unhappy fatuity, from taking the currency into its earliest considera tion. The pressure on trade and industry in con sequence increased during the past winter; and the Reform Bill being simultaneous, too many short-sighted persons have, with miserable and ludicrous imbecility of understanding, ascribed the general depression to the Re. form Bill itself as a cause ! It is no -great compliment to the measure to assert, that we verily believe so small dispray of anxiety about the Bill has ar uthe Bi se ll n has in ca minds di of a certa i n c al ibre, chat of th lre eir , returns and profits, so they have sagaciously con cluded that when it has passed, the age of wealth trill return again ! There are no arrivals to-day from the North of Germany ; and the only novelties in regard to the lateresting Polish question, are afforded by some extracts, given exclusively in this paper, from the Path journals of Saturday and Sunday. It ap pears beyond question, that the Polish Government and army propose to prolong the contest ; and the COOTIIIItIB losses of the Russians, and the imprac licalulity of carrying on a war in such a country, against the thole population, renders the success of the Russians more than doubtful. If the Poles are to be subdued, it must be by liberal concessions, voluntarily made; and it is a gross insult on the Polish people, and on all Europe, to read the boasting about imperial clemency—for the Poles do not require pity or clemency, but justice. They. 'COr provoked to take up arms by positive wrongs ; dud if these had been redressed, Russia, in an un iu,t, profitless, and inglorious war, would not have los t two o r three hundred thousand men in a few months, and sacrificed her bravest officers and im mense treasures. The alternative was the simple "oral justice, and this must now be respected, or Poland will prove the grave of Russian power. We particularly direct the attention of our readers '" an interesting colloquy in another page ; and .llsu to the letter of Dr. Antomarchi, which we have extracted from a Paris paper—both of them proving the impossibility of co tiering the heroic Poles. We record with poignant grief the account of the calamity which bas befallen the flourishing and interesting island of Barbadoes, where Nature works spinet human industry, and the geographi; eel advantages of the most windward position.— Within memory, the prosperity of the inhabitants has been blighted two or three times by the same cause ; but this last visitation appears to be the most overwhelming. Much anxiety prevails for the receipt of further amounts; and also for ac counts from the n neighbouring islands. SECOND EDITION HALF-PAST THREE CYCLOCK. We hasten to present to the public the contents of the Hamborgh papers of Friday, just received, containing the Polish account of the late conflict at Warsaw, and information relative to the subs*. sapient movements and determinations of the Poles : Csamow, !MPS. 15.—Our Courier cattalos three °facial reports from the camp of General Itosycki. One of these reports, atter detailing a variety of *knishes with General Rudiger, proceeds as follows: " Yesterday we arrived at Know, and to.dav we were joined by Captain Niessoki of the artitioey,l who arrived from Modlln, w i t h Intelligence that on I the ith instant, the combined hostile army begun to attack Warsaw at eight o'clock In the awning.— The two battalions :of the 13th, and one battalion of the Bth regiment, under Gen. Bowittski, defended themselves in the Wola barriers, when the enemy's attack was most impetuous. The first trenches had been already taken. and the enemy was already forcing his way upon the ramparts, when General Ryblaski arrived with a brigade, and killed and wounded upwards of 10,000 men. On the following d the 7th, Marshal Pasinwitach summoned the city, de claring that he would plant of artillery against it. The summons not having the desired effect, at one o'clock in the the Russians had pressed forward at all eime. between the Jerusalem and Mok o t ow berries', aidbeam the Wola barriers and the Laboratory. Bet **Nth mgt. ment of infantry offered resistance upon every point; at eleven o'clock in the evening, the stock elms& On the following day the army evacuated the capital fear that the firs which had broken out in the suburb= spread and destroy the city walls. A temporary armistice followed, and the enemy desisted from Anther operations. The loss of the Russians exceeds 12,000 men. Generals Geismar, Geebedsakol4 Uleiolt, and almost all the commanding aims are wounded.— Marshal Paskewitsch histatelf has reselved a se vere contusion. The Government the members of the Chambers, and all public flusetionaries; 'Wilsey, ammuni tion, and every material of defence. Lave been removed to Medlin. from whence the Conunander.in-a*f, General Malachowaki, has sent hither the following ceder t— " I have the honour to inform you, General , that in consequence of an armistice occasioned by the evassation of Warsaw, hostile operations have been far the present sus .dW. Yon will plisse to issue the necessary or• observing, however, that nothing that hen happened releases us from the strict observance of every measure dictated by military vigilance. I have also to inform you, that Gen. Krnkowlodd hes resigned the dig nity of President of the National Government, an d bee now no longer any official authority in the country. With respect to further details, you will have to act ae. cording to the instructions which will be communicated to you by Captain Niesaokoc. The enemy, weakened by severe losses before Warsaw will be obliged, if he attempt to retain possession of that city to garrison it with half kis army. So hag as the go. moment is not in direct communican with the palatinates of Bales*, Croon, and flandomir. the president of these and such of the national representatives as were at Pala orZ-quarters, will be invested with supreme authority General Romarino, who marched from Prager on the 22d of August, pursued the corps of General Golow 'nand Rosen, whom he defeated twice at Law and M awed then pursued the remnant on the 30th, 12=1w of Meese, LilewskL A Supplement to the Courier contains the proclemation of Gen. Rosycki in which he calla upon the Poles not to consider the period of the armistice ss one of repose, bat to employ it in rowing fee renewed sabres, at recempar eke hmispendeaseof desk sessay. The aides silty of the Pelee," hs says, is net anima to Warsaw; the shame etthelristula, the Niemen, the er, the Bug, and the Dana, have, in sutler times, witoswed the heroism of the NM pestle. We must not forget our duty, to de fend to the iset drop of our bleed, the last puma hot oleos native WV PoLISK Faoxszsa, Sleet. 17.—Acoett N all 110- counts, the Polish troops that left Wane, hem lobes up a hostile position in the neighbourhood of Mainri ia closyn. The appearance of a Imer paper, the Mimi Gamine, at Modlin, is attributed to NM 4:4: the Members of the Diet, who have accemprded the army. The lint number, which has lust appeared, amain a pm. &nation atiireseed to the Polish nation, can *pen an arable of bearing arms to matinee the str From Augustowo we learn that, some i X ago, a small detachment of Polish patriots arrived there. The Russian garrison of Augustowo retreated on the int appearance of the Poles, whose force had been greatly exaggerated but they soon returned, drove the Insurgents out, of w Do m many were taken and punished with death.—presui'm State Gazette. Biar.ss, they. Ill. Private letters from Warsawr n z means gives up the cause of the Poke as lest, but a that to keep and guard Warsaw will be an immense burden to the Russian army i nay, the Pollak pumas go so far as to assert, that the =raft of Warsaw was only a stratagem, to satin Paskewitedi into a same, from which he will not extricate biateeN whilst great loss. It is said that the (hand Duke Michael wide in War (aw, in the same capacity as Constantine did Were. THREE O'CLOCK.' I Bank Stock, shut. Three per Cent. Reduced, shot. Three per Cent. Consols, s2j f. Three and a Half per Cent. 1018, shut. Three and a Half per Cent. Red. shut. Three and a Half per Cent. New, 89} Four per Cent. 1828, shut. Long Annuities, Jan. 1860, shut. Annuities, Ott. 1850, shut t do. Van. 1880,—. MIDDLESEX COUNTY MEETING, A very numerous body of the Noblemen, Gentlemen, and Freeholders, of the county of Middlesex. was held this day, at the Mermaid Tavern, Hackney, for of peti: tioning the House of Lords to pass the Reform The Sherif& presided on the occasion, and at half past twelve o'clock tie great TOM was crowded. On the platform, Mr. Hume, Mr. Sergeant Pell, Sir Wilks Scott, Mr. Wakley. Mr F. Burdett, Ac. Ac. appeared. The following resolu tions were then severally pat, and carried without a dis sentient voice t 1. That we have a fill same upon our patriotic King, sad we duly estimele hie smithy with the public feeling, sad that we esalideady Viet Iteflitikiskisty will neglect no legal amens Wide his to to the rights and re-setalikh the ty of his people. I. That his 11114kofs lihdaters deserve the best thanks of the C•mesemityher their besot and comprehensive plan of reform g sod fee their able as well as persevering eser. Lions to per the flame Mu a law. 3. That the peat mime sod impartasce, which we attach to the Rine 11111, arises hem err grin conviction, that it mehistbe Reposimadvis Oohs people to idiot those amps eel ametiovadem, which the community has such just noses es doh,. 4. That M the "Mee of this Nesting the piece and well being of the eseemmalor degise as i e s ibe Reform Bill sow before the House et lab a law, while yet the public Wed is salimmed by bops, in ait state to reader the worlds, ot he povideas 6. That a petition be prommied to the Rouse of Lords, founded upon the above ressiedeas. That the petition now read be such petition. 6. That the Duke of Sussex from his upright, tibial and patriotic mations in the cause of Reform, be requested to present our petition, and support its prayer by every means in his power. memmesmosemmemmeem BOROUGH OF SOUTHWARK. This mining most nuatsrooe sod vopeesslie meeting of the Ideagmees of the Berengh et ilsathirailt woo held la the Town Rai, W. Ellis, Besk la the allmir. In the parrot essidheMg she pretritty pealiming ila Howe of Lire hum el the Memo PK Vim aetalwaras ad. dammed ha shie maw by Mr. Mithesdatn. Jim Dr. Zo rn , Ikon eft Paw* r. and ether spoken ma raid* wassly pray Ming the Own of Lords On pro l the lame 1111 yids all panels dive" was inenhassily adolited• •t GLUT RURRICANS IN ?HZ WEST INDIES. We yesterday gave the first reports on this me lancholy subject, and beneath, present to our readers all the circumstances which have yet transpired. On the 11th of August a most dreadful hurri cane visited Barbadoes, by which every house was either destroyed or injured, and the place rendered one entire desert. Oistens, Holetown, Speigh town, and Bridgetown, all suffered alike. The loss of life was enormous, but no accurate statement could be obtained at the date of the accounts leaving. Forty of the military in the barracks perished. The Government House was unroofed, and the Governor saved his life only by taking refuge in the cellar. The Custom-house was blown down; all the churches were much damaged, St. Paul's and St. Mary's being entirely destroyed. The island presented one wreck of houses, crops, and property, and the miserable survivors were occupied in dragging from the ruins the mangled bodies of their families and friends. In formation has been despatched to the other islands for food and aid, as every thing at Barbadoes was destroyed. The mills were all blown to atoms, trees torn up by the roots, and everfcrop utterly ruined. This tremendous hurricane was felt at Dominica, St. Vincent's, and other islands; but not to the extent above mentioned. The town of Roseau was, however, almost inundated by the breaking in of the sea. Great damage was done to the shipping at Barbadoes. Private letters es timate the number of the dead at three thousand persons. ANTIGUA, AVG. 20, 2 P. sr. —Just as the Lady Turner was prepari ng t o ge t un d er we i g h, the Duke of York army vessel arrived from Bar -1 badoes with despatches, banging the distressing account of one of the most devastating hurricanes that had ever been experienced in the West Indies having visited that island on the Ilth inst. Not a house uninjured, and the most part levelled with the ground. The loss of lives is calculated at 3,000, which, it is to be hoped, may be exagge rated. The custom-house is blown down, and the churches and hospital materially damaged. About SO of His Majesty's troops were killed. The Go vernor of Barbadoes has written to the neighbour ing island. for lumber and provisions. You may form some idea of the miserable condition of the inhabitants when they are in want of the latter, of which, generally, they have a superabundance.— From the shortness of time allowed me to write, you must consider this letter for the information of the subscribers to Lloyd's. From the Barbadoes Globe of the 15th of August :—We are enabled to resume the publica tion of our paper by issuing a half sheet to-day. That we printed none on Thursday, is owing to the awful calamity which, on the morning of that day, laid the whole country in a confused mass of ruins. Our life having been spared. and our office but partially damaged, the duty of telling the tale of affliction, however harrowing to our feelings, must be performed • but to convey to the distant ruder a correct idea of the scene of devastation before us is a task impossible to In accomplished. Wherever we turn our eye, the desolation and misery presented to the view bid defiance to the power of language to pourtray them in adequate terms. Barbadoes was never in such a condition since the year 1783. The hurricane of that time might have exceeded in duration, but not in vio lence, the one of Thursday last: the damage suffer ed is perhaps equal in extent—tbe number of lives lost is at present incalcuable. The appearance of Wednesday evening was in dicative of• unsettled weather, and many persons prognosticated that there would be a gale before the morning; but few anticipated a visitation so dreadful. The wind was at times rather high, and about ten o'clock there a as a shower of rain, which was succeeded by a calm : after this, a dense mass of clouds gathered, and remained for some time suspended in gloom. At 12, they burst in a severe squall, which was followed by a heavy rain. At this period there was a smart breeze from the N. E. and the wind began to increase. In two hours, it blew a tremendous gale, but moderated for a short time, when it suddenly became more violent, and was a perfect hurricane at S o'clock. Now the week of destruction commenced. From this h..ur until 5 it raged with unpiralleled violence, whilst thel, lightning would at intervals cast a momentary but horrid glare on the mangled objects around. The' houses were either levelled with the earth or tel. roofed ; the largest trees torn from their roots, Or broken as Leeds. Numerous individuals were bu ried under the ruine, or exposed without a shelter to the pelting of the storm, and threatened skit instant death at each successive blast that burl. ed the shattered fragments in every direction. The majestic c coa-nut-tree would be tossed to and fro as a withe, then snapped off with an appalling crash, or driven f,om the earth with terrific force. The wind had now veered to E. back to N. and to N.W. again it shifted; end blew fiercely from E. veered to S.E. and about 6 o'clock burst from S.W. with renewed violence, accom panied by torrents of rain. Once more the burn. cane raged, but there was little standing to en counter its fury. For two hours the wind and rain continued thus; and it is easier to conceive than to describe the suffering of those unfortunate be ings who were all this time destitute of even the slightest shelter to screen them from the contend ing elements. The bodily and meotal torture of those who were in health must have been excruci ating; but what must that have been of delicate females who had been lingering on a bed of sick ness—and many of these there were—some in the open fields, separated from their relatives and friends, and in a state of nudity ? Helpless infants, too, were in like manner torn from the arms of their distracted parents. When the light of day dawned through the dreadful gloom of the subsiding tempest, the de vastation of the country exhibited a heart-rending picture. The dreadful bowling of the winds, an d the crashing of the falling ruins having ceased the shrieks of the affrighted, and the groans of the wounded and dying, broke in mournful sounds and pitiable accents on the ears of the hoe tnsfortunata survivors. Those wbo had sufficient strength re maining, commenced a sorrowful search for the respective members of their families, some of whose lifeless bodies were disinterred from the ruins to be transferred to another grave, whilst mangled forms of others were dragged forth, frightful from their bruises, and making the hearts of their sym pathistng relatives bleed with anguish. The fields, which the day before presented so luxur;ant an ap pearance, were completely changed into a desert— neither canes, corn, nor provisions, with a few inconsiderable exceptions, having been left in the ground. The houses as well as windmills some thrown down, parts of them conveyed to an asto nishing distance, and costly furniture destroyed w materially injured. Oistins', Hole -town, Speighes town, and Bridgetown, have all suffered equally, there not being a single house in the island stand ing uninjured. A few certainly a r e on ly partially damaged, but many which at first sight appear to have escaped, are found, on closer examination, to be in a condition that would be imiwnently dan gerous either in heavy rains or strong winds. Z.e barracks and hospital at St. Ann's have suffered in common with other buildings, and we under,tand more than forty of His Majesty's troops lost their lives, besides many women and c hild re n ; th e number of wounded is immense. On a future oceasion, we may give a detailed account of the numerous deaths that have occur red, and of the almost innumerable dangerous wounds indicted ; but as we cennot do so at pre sent with any degree of accuracy, we abstain from inserting those that have come to our kno 4 - ledge. The scenes of horror in the churches baffle all description : there the dead and dying havt been borne from different places—there the bruised have been taken for surgical assistance. The bo dies of all the killed, however, have not yet been recovered from the heaps of stone under which they were crushed; and as putrefaction has already taken plane, we are threatened with the additional calamity of a deadly pestilence. The churches and chapels throughout the island have suffered each to a greater or less extent. The sacred edifice in St. James's was injured less than any other. The Cathedral and St. Mary's were deprived of the greater part of their roofs, the organ of the latter was blown to atoms ; St. Paul's and St. Matthetv's were nearly totally de stroyed. Goverment-house was unroofed, and otherwi e injured, and his Excellency the Governor obliged to take refuge in the cellar. King's house, the girls' school, and the common gaol, were seriously damaged : the boys' school was partially injured, and the Custom-house was blown down. But to particularize would be a prepos terous attempt, when every house, and all parts of the island, have, in some respect or other, shared in the general destruction. The merchants, although sufferers themselves to a considerable extent, have spurned the opportu of demanding an increase in the price of provisions. Care should be taken to prevent any unfeeling huckster from profiting unfairly by this libe rality. His Excellency the Governor called a meeting of the Honourable Board of Council for to-day.-- We have not been informed of the result of their deliberations. It will be seen that H. D. de Wald, esq. has generously come forward for the assistance of the poor and destitute, with a spontaneous offer of ten barrels of lour; lard as the vestry have mule an appeal to the public, we trust there are many others who will lose no time in contibuting to the relief of their wretched fellow-beings. The Barbados' Mercury of the 16th says,— " We are sorry to state that the island of St. Vin cent has not escaped the late hurl icane. An arrival from thence announces that considerable injury has been done both to the island and shipping. ' A letter received from Dominica last night, informs us that the effect of the late gale was felt in that island, but no lives lost, nor any very serious injury sustained. The town of Roseau was, however, almost inundated by the breaking in of the sea. The schooner Perseverance returned from Gua-, daloupe this morning. The gale was felt in that island also, and some trifling damage done. The same hurricane appears to have been felt throughout the whole of the West Indies at about the same time, but the damage was leis extensive. -At Jamaica, the loss of property is very small. At the Havannah, on the 14th August, a Spanish schooner from New York, with a valuable cargo, had been driven on shore. The following vessels were driven on abore, and remain. ed when the Duke of York left : Barks—Mani and Aretisusa. B igs—lischange, Quebec, Decagon. Mary, /Celia, Alliance, Antoinette, Horatio Nelson, Eliza. Brigantine--Samuel Hinds. Schooners—Ark and Perseverance. Mail.boats-- Montagu and Barbados. The Heroine ase..ped with only lose of rigging: the schooner James lost masts. It is 8441 that St. V!licent's baa suffered equally with Basbadoes. Oa the I lib, the weather here wore every appearance of • hurricane, and it was generally remarked on that day, that if we escaped, some other island must have angered. The Doke of York has proceeded to St. Kitt's. Tee brigantine Heroine was in the Careenage, where sh• remained in comparative safety, having suffered only in her rigging. The schooner James was likewise in the Carers. age, and sustained little damage, except the lass of masts. The schooner Elizabeth sailed hence for Demerara on Wednesday afternoon. She fortunately weathered the storm, and returned here, when she was employed by his Excellency the Governor to proceed to that colony with despatches. The schooner Agnes, which arrived on Friday morning from Trinidad, has also been employed in the s‘rvice of Government. By the programme of die University of Edin burgh, we observe that its lectures commence on the Bth of November ; on which Professors Pillans lectures on Humanity, Dumber on Greek, Wallace on Mathematics, Ritchie on Logic, Leslie ou Na tural Philosophy, Bell on the Law of Scotland, and Drs. Allinson, Duncan, Hope, Home, Munro, Hamilton, and Graham, in various branches of Medicine. The lectures of Dr. Brown • n Rhe toric, Mr. Lowe on Agriculture, Dr. Chalmers on Divinity, Dr. Brunton on Hebrew, and Mr. Jamie-ou on Natural History commence o t the 9th and 14th. A more splendid galaxy was never displayed in any Uniiersity. The office of each of the public functionaries in Rus,is is called a' Chancery.' Tnus the governor general, the civil governor, the director of quaran tine, &c. all have their chanceries. The following names have been added t. , the Drury-lane Company:—Mrs. Humby, Mrs. T. Hill, Mr. Elton, Mr. Macready, Mr. Moss, Mr • Freer, end though last, not least in our astintatiesk thevsseren Many Johnstone. The opening piece will be The Honey-noon ; and on the Menday succeeding the Quadnepede. r t S d Ll Il w I. Iv >r 9, 3, d l- ie t. d le 10 11 tt POLITICA I. SCIENCE. THOMAS Comma, known in England, u the Manchester patriot of former days, and in America as President of the South Carolina College, has just published Elements of Political Economy, of which Hunter of St. Paul's Church-yard has re ceived some copies. We have an instinctive ab horrence of the pretensions of Political Economy ; because it presumes to reduce to the dexpotism of arithmetic the social affections, and free parsuits of mankind. We however regard Mr. Cooper more as a philanthropist and patriot, than many of the parasites, who, under the garb of science in this country, have attempted to justify the encroach ments of aristocracy and capital on the Irsppiness of the people. On this account, we propse to transfer to the STAR some of Mr. Csoper's chapters: OF DIANUFACTIIRKS AND IS acistmear. Beside the productive agency of capital, of skill, and of labour, I have hinted at the productive agency of nature; and it is by skilfully compelling nature to work for mt. that the great improvements of modern times in manufactures and in commerce are principally owing. This it is, that raises us so much above the savage state of society ; and ; revilers life, comparatively, not a state of existence, but of enjoyment. We have put in requisition the powers of wind, and water, of heat and cold, of magnetism and elec. tricky. We have made the planetary system subservient to , our hourly enjoyments; and we are proceeding daily in the glorious career of overcoming the obstacles which flatted I has placed in the path of our wishes, and of subjemir.g all her elements to our contrail. This has been done by Ina ; thematicians, natural philosophers, chymists, and the me ! chanics who labour under their direction. These are the gifts of men of science to mankind; before whom the tribe lof poets and orators and rhetoricians—the composers of speeches and plays and novels—will in due time sink into merited insignificance. Such men are the inventors of I. lay things for the childhood of society; whose labours have in insousces innumerable made mankind the worse; in some, easy few instances perhaps the better; and even these tew, it would be dilleult to enumerate and substantiate. The effect of machinery, is to become a substitute for LA boar. The introduction of machines, has always had the of et of throwing some of the poor out of employ for a sea son as lately in the case of power looms, here as w e ll as i n Lancashire; but the prodigious increase at demand for la bour they finally occasion, by lowering the price and thus increasing the dmand for the article they are employed to produce, far indeed overbalances the evil. The long cape. rience of Europe has settled the question, that population is permanently supported and increased by the introduction of machinery. One of the most ingenious arguments on the other side of the question, is Lord Byron's speech in the House of Lords, on the Nottingham frame-breaking bill, lately published in Dallas' recollections of Lord Byron; it is a good specimen of plausible declamation in favour of the stocking.weavers, who would have been starved had his ekes of the subject been adopted. Suppose for instant* in that ease, the improvement in the stocking frame had been prohibited at Nottingham • it would have been erected elsewhere ; and the extension oesales and the increase of profit would have gone elsewhere. At pre. sent the weavers are Increased in number and prosperity by the great income of demand for the article, and demand for labour. It has been so with the art of printing, the cotton machinery, with the steam engine, with rail roods and canals, with the nail cutting, the card aking, the screw making, the carding machines of our own country. Were the argu• meat to be deemed conclusive, that no machine can be erect ed that throws out of employ a number of men, though but for a scum, all improvement must stop, for every improve ment does so; each of them saves labour, or performs the labour of men more cheaply. or more accurately. The ob jestibir will lay from the first introduction of a sail in a canoe, to the last improvement in a man of war ; from the Indian hominy block and hand-carding, to the rice mill, the cotton gin, and Perkins' steam engine. The introduction of macbirtery, at first lowan wages, low ers the price of the article, and increases the profits of the manufacturer who introduces it. In a short time, capital lows towards the source of profit, and circumstances gradu. ally arrive at their leveL So long as the machinery can be worked exclusively by an individual or a nation, so long it is the source of increased and exclusive profit. By degrees ell improvements are extended; first at home, and then by very w degrees to foreign nadons. Manufacturing machines may assuredly be detrimental to the labourers whom they throw out of employ. But as they produce a greater prat and a pater demand for the article, they add to the mass cff wealth sod of capital, the only source whence employment, wages, food, population, ate derived. They are, therefore, beneficial to the nation, bemuse the ultimata feet is • balance of good. To the work thus thrown out of employment, they ale evils. It is easy for a speculating Political ifamemist to say, these discharged wo:k people will turn their atlsation to some other means of employment. How are they to live in the mean time, if they have neglected to save when full employment enabled them ? Their wages do little more than furnish di m and their final. lies with food from day to day, in each a contry re Eng. land. A week's want will king them en the parish...— Moreover the books of Pol deal Economy d o not su f. Gamily Consider that time" Is one of the elements that should always be taken into eels:6M on. It is not easy to move tw a en o t t uhousand pounds from one branch manufacture to n ,or to convert a man whose life has been employed in spinning cotton or making pins, into a sea man or a farmer. The introdacdoo and Improvement of machinery, then, appears to be always productive of more or less misery among the poor foe a time. But we are not to legislate upon every ease where the imperfection of human arrange. mans, is psodactive of some portion of unavoidable evil. If the clear result of the improvement be a balance of good, we ought to be content. Good, pure sod unmixed, is nut to be expected in the course of human affairs, Moreover, why is an ingenious and industrious wan to be prohibited from exercising his ingenuity and industry, when they give him an advantage over his less capalle, less skilful, or less energetic neighbour? Are we to make laws for the protec tion of imbecility ? Or to put a weight on the shoulders of a strong man, that he may be brought down to the level of performance of his weaker competitor ? If the introduction of machinery adds to profit, adds to the demand for the arti cle, adds to the perfection of the article, adds to the wealth of the manufacturer and thereby to the wealth of the nation, and thereby to capital, and by capital to employment, by employment to wages and food, and by them to the mass of healthy population—if articles before warm and dear, and confined to the few, ate brought within the purchase of the many—and the comforts, conveniences and pleasures of life made procurable at a cheaper tare—it is enough. We ought to be contented with such a result. although it be at. , tended for a short time with an amount of evil which we are unable cutukletely to provide against. Improvements in machinery may occasion over production. and extended mi sery ; but I see not either bow to prevent the evil, or cure it. On a glut °reeve prodedieu beyesel tiessesuL— I have already noticed in the beginning of these lectures, that RI. ciao, Say, and Mill (in his third edition, p. 2211), hare de nied the possibility on the large scale, of any such thing as a glut in the general market of production : Ist. &cause, demand and supply, must be coequal and co-extrusive • for no man would produce what he does net want himself, unless to purchase with it what be wants Item others; and this his want, is equal to the means be brings with him to satisfy it. This is the case with t very peo &seer ; therefore, demand and supply are co-en emirs, he every man's demand, must be limited by his supply. 2ndiy. The production of new and unexpected articles, always toothier* a cant that did not before exist; and those. fare increases demand, which uses up the supply produced. As in case of steam engines, new fasiti•inr, and new We al . dims of kinds. Metaphysically and in wi Ms, supply and, demand must be ce-ratensive, Why demand you main mut ly die wool of commodities you do not mums, excluding; the aid ity to purchase ; which however is en restrike! part (as I think) of demand. Suppose I want a steam engine, and have' nothing but printed calicoes to pay with, w ith a .select over stocked with printed calicoes ? ha not this a glut so far as it goes ? Does not the introduction and improvement elms. chinery tend universally to over productioa ? Pnaluktion beyond what is wowed, or what can frugally be parehased ? People do not buy for the take of buying, hoof mitts r sad' they will buy therefore no more than they actually want for comfortable use. Tell the manufacturers and operatives eft ' lAncasbirt, of Huddersfield, of Norwich, of Illoalagiam, if Massachusetts, of Ithode leluid..isil the alsovirowaro of. Prance, that over production is laspossildo—nip they coo, descend for a moment to hear your reams fia Shit parades, that sets ail matter of fact at defiance ? Ira dam pair of stockings will serve my potpies, soda onmefacturcr penis I t t 1 , i i 1 ~ I • . A 1.. 1•i . I 1 I. ;t . . t i i t t i t i , . r. i I :,. t i .1 1 : , , t,, •6 !..' ii . 5• 1 1 , i . ' i' l • • I i J. 1 I