Star. — London, England, 1831-06-21 00:00:00

it ; LITERATUNE AND SCIENCE. I~ ll k Fr. • I!II II1 .1 ! i , . , ,iii:,'4l . I , , .l. .•. Is ~ , i, rJ An Enquiry into the Natural Ilistory, Chemical Proper. firs, and Medical Virtues, of the Rock Oil, or Green Mineral Naphtha, of *abatises. By C. B. WrLux- DON, M.D. BATH, F.O.S. Lownow. Price 20. Barbndoes Mineral Naphtha, or native green oil has long been known to the world and recog nised in medical practice; but, owing to a semi barbarous fiscal regulation, it has been unattainable till Mr. Caldecot, the proprietor of the estate, lately procured a remission of the duties. Dr. Wilkinson, of Bath, has in consequence bestowed epecial attention to it, and the extracts we gave yesterday is the result. We shall not anticipate, the facts there extracted; and it is merely neces sary for us to state that the high respectability of tl.e parties, and the long established reputation of this natural compound, render what has been done to secure, supply, and diffuse information, a be nait which the faculty and the public will ap preciate. INVENTION OFl.ffrar, BY MR. JAMES MONTGOMERY. When, where, and by whom, letters were in vented, it ib now in vain to imagine. Notwith standing the pretensions of Hermes Trismegistos, Memnon, Cadmus, and others, the true history, nay even the personal existence of these supposed claimants, must be ascertained before the unappro priated honour can be conceded to any one of them. It may, meanwhile, be affirmed as one of those -circumstances humbling to human pridc that oc casionally occur in history, and which, while they strangely stir the imagination, awaken sublime but melancholy reflection in minds given to muse upon the vanity and mortality of all the things that are done under the sun—it may be affirmed, as one of these humbling circumstances, that the man who conquered the greatest trophy ever won from fate and oblivion, lost his own nam e , a f ter divulging the secret by which others might immor talize theirs. As a figure of speech one may be ' allowed to wish that the first letters in which he wrote that name, whether with a pen of iron on granite, or with his finger on sand—had remained indelible. But his own invention is his monument, which, like the undated and uninscribed pyramid, will remain a wonder and a riddle to the end of the world. It is allowed, I believe, on all hands, that the Egyptians, from time whereof the memory of man knoweth not to the contrary, possessed three kinds of writing—hieroglyphical, alphabetical, and pro bably, as a link between. logographic, of which latter the Chinese is the only surviving example at this day. Indeed, in all countries where society has emerged from the stagnation of barbarism, and has made but little advance towards civilization, there have been found evidences of attempts to create a language for the eye, either by figures of things, by arbitrary symbols of words, or, in the most perfect manner, by the systematic combination of lines forming letters to represent the rudiments of sounds. It has been observed that the Egyptians were in possession of three kinds of letters. if, indeed, by letters three kinds of learning be not typified ; for Pythagoras, it is said, as a special favor rarely granted to a stranger, was initiated in these triple mysteries of writing. The hieroglyphic mode was unquestionably the first, but between it and the literal the affinity is so remote that the leap over the whole space could scarcely have been taken at once, especially as there is an intervening step so okiviously connected with each, and connecting them with one another, that it seems almost necessary for invention to have rested, at least for a while, upon it. When the ambiguity and imperfection of hieroglyphics were felt to be irremediable, the first practical scheme which would suggest itself to the .mind, which conceived the happy idea of designa ting vocal sounds by strokes, iu themselves without meaning, would be to invent a separate mark for every word ; but, as all the easy forms would soon be exhausted, it might next occur to make these elementary, and adapt them, not to individual words, but to the most common simple sounds of which words were composed. Thus monosyllables would have a single mark ; dissyllables two joined together ; and polysyllables more or less, according to their audible divisions. That the art of writing was practised in Egypt before the emancipation of the Israelites, appears almost certain from their frequent and familiar Mention of this mode of keeping memorials. When the people had provoked the LORD to wrath, by making and worshipping the golden calf, Moses interceding in their behalf says, " Yet now, if Thou wilt forgive their sin ;—and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou halt writ ten. And the Loan said unto . Moses, whosoever ainneth, him will I blot out of my book." The allusion here is to a table of genealogy, the mus ter-roll of an army, a register of citizenship, or even to those books of chronicles, which were kept by order of ancient oriental princes, of the events of their reigns, for reference and remembrance. Besides, such a mode of publishing important do cuments is alluded to, not merely as nothing new, but-as if even the common people were prac tically acquainted with it. " Aud thou shalt bind them (the statutes and testimonies of the Loan) as a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as front lets between thine eyes, and thou shalt write them upon the poets of thine house, and upon all thy gates." There are various parallel passages which no cavilling of commentators can convert from plain meaning into paradox. But not the Egyptians and Hebrews alone pos. seised this invaluable knowledge, at the time of which we speak (from fourteen to seventeen bun dred years before CUBIST.) we have direct and incidental testimony, both in sacred and profane history, that the Phcenicians, Arabians, and Chi deans, were instructed in the same. The book of Job (whoever might be the author) lays the scene and the season of his affliction about this era, and in the north of Arabia. That extraordinary con position—extraordinary indeed, whether it be re garded as an historical, dramatic, or poetic per formance—contains more curious and minute in formation concerning the manners and customs, the literature and philosophy, the state of arts and sciences, during the patriarchal ages. than can be collected in scattered hint,' from all later works put together. •In reference to the art and the materials of writing then in use, we following sublime and affecting it my words were now writ were printed (impreised "oi ! That they were graven and laid, in the rock for ever !" The latter aspiration probably alludes to the very ancient pratitice of hewing characters into the faces of vast rocks, as eternal memorials of persons and events. It is said by travellers, whose testimony seems worthy of credence, that various fragments of such inscriptions, now utterly undecyphemble, may be seen to this day in the wildernesses of Arabia Petrea—monuments at once of the grasp li and the limitation of the mental power of man ; thus making the hardest substances in nature the depositories of his thoughts, and yet betrayed in his ambitious expectation of so perpetuating' them. The slow influences of the elements have been in cessantly, though insensibly, obliterating what the chisel had ploughed into the solid marble, till at length nothing remains but a mockery of skeleton letters, so unlike their pristine forms, so unable to explain their own meaning, that you might as well seek among the human relics in a charnel-vault the resemblances of the once-living personages,— or invoke the dead bones to tell their own history, —as question these dumb rocks concerning the records engraven on them. The passage just quoted shows the state of al phabetical writing in the age of Job, and, accord ing to the best commentators, he describes three modes of exercising it : " 0 that my words were now written,—traced out in characters —in a book composed of palm-leaves or on a roll Of linen ! 0 that they were erigraven with a pen of iron on tab lets of lead, or indented in the solid rock to endure to the end of time ! "—Metropolitan. •„,• We might infer from this passage that Job, if not a hero of Arabian poetry, lived after Hermes or Memnon, whose period is fixed at about 1800 B.C. or 180 after Abra. ham. Moses died in 1451 ; and Cadmus, who introduced letters into Greece, built Thebes in 1483. There is there. fore no difficulty in believing that Moses at least laid the basis of the Pentateuch, thoneh the anachronisms may have been introduced by the Editor Eadras. We have inquired of Ramohun Roy how the Hindoos recorded their celestial observations so early as 3100 B.C. and which modern astro nomy has so exactly verified THE PESTALOZZIAN PLAN OF EDUCATION. The plan of education devised by Pestalozzi, and matured by himself and his coadjutors, does not appear to be thoroughly understood in England. Those who hare professed to adopt his method seem to go no further than his system of tuition— that is, the mechanical part of Pestalozzi's plan ; whereas, his scope was much more comprehensive ; lie contemplated, to use his somewhat pompous linguage, " a fundamental reform in the march of human civilization." The mode of teaching and the principles of scholastic discipline were, with Pestalozzi, matters subordinate to his grand object of making the human race not merely more know ing, but better than at present. With tbe view of familiarizing the British public with the whole theory and practice of the Pests lozzian system, Dr. E. Biber, one of his disciples, has published an account of the life and writings of Pestalozzi, with copious extracts from his works, and extensive details illustrative of the practical parts of his method. Leaving out of view, the 'didactic parts of the work, we can venture to say that there is a fund of interest in the curious bio graphy of the singularand benevolent author of the plan. Henry Pestalozzi, or Pestalutz, a Swiss, born at Zurich in 1745, and left an orphan in indifferent circumstances, soon developed a peculiarity of character, which gained him the name of Harry Oddity. Of an amiable and philanthropic temper, he frequently meditated upon the existing frame work of society, and especially upon the depres sion of the poorer classes; and the result of his reflections was a determination not to aim at a vio lent dissolution of the order of things, but to endea vour to bring about a gradual amelioration of the social system by the means of education, convinced that tbe then prevailing mode of popular instruc tion was not calculated to fit mankind for the dis charge of their duties in after-life. He traced the ruin of nations to the degradation of their cha racter, and this degradation to the neglect of the infant in the cradle. His first experiment was to form an orphan asy lum in his own house, where about 50 pauper chil dren, taken from the very dregs of the people, were provided with food, clothing, and instruction. He was convinced that pauperism and vice were augmented by extensive relief funds and police re gulations ; that the improvement of the lower orders required an iuternalatimulus to be awakened in their own breast; that no correction would make them good, and no support happy, unless there was a determination on their part to be good and happy. The failure of this experiment seems to have arisen not from any error in his views or principles, but from want of adequate funds, want of economy, and want of experience of human nature. Time suppled the latter defect, and at a subsequent pe riod Pestalozzi had the satisfaction of developing his plan upon a much larger scale, and of attracting to him individuals who devoted themselves with like ardour and disinterestedness with himself, to a reform of the system of education. Few men could be so well adapted as Pestalozzi for accomplishing an object like this. His sere nity and cheerfulness of temper, his kind and ge nerous disposition, his indefatigable attention to his children, ..to whom he was all in all, as their circle was an universe to hint, won the affections of his pupils to such a degree, that they cheerfully submitted to his plastic hand. " Never," says his biographer, " perhaps, has the idea of domestic life, in the highest sense of the word, been more beautifully realized,--never the effect of a Chris tian family spirit more powerfully illustrated, than it -was in the flourishing times cf the esta blishment at Yverdon, in which persons of all ages, of all ranks, ef all nations, of the most different gifts and abilities, and of the most opposite cha racters, were united together by that unaffected love which Pestalozzi—in years a man verging to the grave, but in heart and mind a genuine child— seemed to breathe out continually, and to impart to all that came within his circle." Experience, observation, and reflection, of othera as weli as himself, enabled him to rectify his errors, stature and enlarge his plans, and adjust his theory, as it appears in his writings; which, though some what tainted with the mysticism and false meta physics of Germany, breathe a spirit of most be nevolent philanthropy. No reformer was ever actuated by parer and more virtuous motives than Pestalossi. Up to the latest period of his life, *hen flattery instilled a little vanity into his mind, " self was the only 'being Seemed forgot." Such was the character of Pestaloni : it imparts no slight recommend*. thin to his scheme. Aw i I ; • ‘• I f ; 1 I 1(1 I I Wail %My MP OIL UMW/ I% formance—contains r I , • formation concerning literature and philo6o sciences, during the ' , t i• be collected in sca works put together ).1 ! and the materials 111 ,L. .1 meet with the' follow apostrophe : " 0 dial ty t e ra n c l ed Cl out) th in at a t bo he i:k . 1 with an iron pen, and j HANCOCK'S ROAD STEAM CARRIAGE. Most of our readers are aware that Mr. Hamrick has for several weeks been running a stage-coach by steam from Whitechapel to Stratford. We believe the stupid prejudices of coach proprietors have hitherto prevented their being general, and an exaggerated accident of Mr. Gurney's. at Glas gow, has favoited these prejudices. It is, how ever, an act of justice to Mr. Hancock to Mato* that his boiler is his own original plan, and free from all hazard. This he has explained in the fol lowing communication, with which he has fa vounlar: Ha read an account in the public journals of a trifling accident that has occurred to Mr. Gurney's steam carriage, I am induced to make some remarks upon the principle on which boilers are in general constructed. Too much depen dence is placed on the thickness and strength of metal used by engineers in general, without studying the best principle for dividing the danger. The boiler should be so construct ed that no explosion would take place, except merely in an escape of the power. The usual mode of constructing boilers is to expose a large external surface to the pressure of steam and water ; hence the dependence upon Its safety is on the form, thickness, and surface of the metal. A cylindrical tom is generally chosen, and it is a reservoir of destruction when placed so near the passengers. Still Mr. Gurney's is safe compared with those used on the Manchester rail road, which in capacity exceed Mr. Gurney's very considerably, and, of course, the danger is increased In proportion. I have spent much time and expense in constructing a boiler to generate steam in as small vessels as can be con structed, so as to produce the steam pure, and, at the same time, to use it as it is produced, instead of having large ves sels or reservoirs, and I thereby avoid all danger. I was in trkerg before this, to have had the opportunity of g g ing a boiler into general use on land and water, and have been proving to the public, that although it is a most powerful one in a small compass, yet it has all the advan. tags, repaired in generating power with the greatest safety. I have one in my present carriage, the Infant, which has 40 safety valves, besides the two regularly attached to the boiler, for the purpose of conveying the steam away when the car riage h stopping ; slid I shall here notice a circumstance (as a proof of my success), which occurred to me some time back. We were travelling at the rate of nine miles per hour. full of passengers ; on a sudden the carriage stopped, and I endeavoured to start It again, by turning the cock where the steam is shut off and on, but finding it would not move, I left the steerage, and went to the man behind, who was attending to the machinery, to ask why he stopt it, but he said be had not, and could not tell why it had slept.— We then tried the gauge cocks, to see how the water stood in the boiler, and, to our great surprise, found there wall neither water nor steam, and were at a loss hp koow the causes, for there had been a rupture. but no report, while the co ach was running. We then knew the value and safety of my boiler when in actual operation on the road. We had witnessed many such ruptures in the factory, but never publicly before a company of gentlemen, who would eome forward and authenticate what I have stated. There was no derangement of the boiler—no steam seen—no water seen— no confusion—and elm one was perfectly unconscious of what had happened. The boiler, consisting of 12 chambers, or distinct boilers, was then taken to pieces, and four of them were found to be damaged. New ones were put into their places, and the boiler being replaced in the carriage, it was fit for work again in four hours. One principal feature in the boiler alluded to is. that if any one of the chambers is damaged, it does not affect the rest in any way, but rather preserves them and it is another great advantage, that a vessel may take out an extra boiler of one hundred horse power, if required, it being in parts, and easily connected.— The weight of each chamber is from fifty to one hundred pounds, according to the power of the bdla, and the boiler seldom occupies mote soma than the fire, all the surface ex posed being over the fire, while the vacancy between each chamber forms the ices for the heated air to escape. Whitechapel, Jane 18. PANORAMA OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE. BRIGHTON HB RALD, Jul?! 18. ARRIVALS A? MR ROYAL YORK HOTEL.--001. Stanley, Col Sabo, Captain slid Mrs. Harvey, Mr. and Mrs. %ro bing, Mr. Dawson. Mr. Goring, Mr. Beaumont, Mr. Bina Mr. and Mn. Hooper, Mr. Jones, Mr. Mn. and Miss Smith, and Mr. It. B. Cartels. New Suir.—The Viscount Modes de Room" Madam Hunter, Mr. Lewis, Mr. Mathison, Mr. Hooper, bliss Beck, Mr. Brander, Mr. Tighe, Mr. Billion, &a AT SCARVELL'S ROYAL Bz* Howse Hozza—Mr. Budd, Mr. and Miss Vine, Mr. 0. Westmacott, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis, Mr. Harris, Mr. Parker, Mr. and Mrs. Jen aa Mr. and Mica U. Leers, ban left for town. The arrivals this week, it the Beetle Hotel, Littlehamp. ton, include Mr. R. Ramsbottons, Mr. Powys, Mr. Tees dale, Mr. Faulkner, Mr. H. Branch, Mr. Winkwortb, &c. The &a Rouse Rate follo Worthing ing are amongst the latest arrivals at Parsons's , : Lord and Lady Sauey, Hr. and Mn. Clarke Jervaise, Mr. H. D. Goring, Mn. Goring, and the Mims Goring, Mr. and Mn. Sanctuary, and Miss Bacon, Mr. flarith,M.P. Mr. and Mrs. Prime, Mr. Streathfield, Colonel Grey, Wyndham, Lord Charlevllle, Mr. and Mrs. Lynn Mr. and Mn. Carlton. Mr. Watkiuses, M r . and Mn. Ed; and family, Mr. Bache and f a mily, M r . and Mrs. Jonas, Mr. and Mrs. Soelliott, Mr. Lee Steen and family, Mr. and Mrs. Gri ffi th and family, Mr. Gilbv , Mr. and Mrs. Collins, Mr. and Mrs. Sewell, Mr. Blackburn ' Mr. and Mn. Holland , Mr. D. Lyon, M. P. Mr. Th omas, Mr. Mr. Mrs. and Miss Brandon, Mr. Bonito:a Mr. and Mn. Stesdnren, Mr. Gatwick; Mr. !Upper, Mr. and Mn. Ralf, Mr. Watkins, Mr. and Mn. Hervey, Mr. F. Booth and family. On Monday last, as a barge laden with lime was proceed ing up th e Ouse al Lewis, from some CRUM or other it suck neargfarcombe. The erect on the fish in the river was I instantly manifested; hundreds rose to the surface, and • great number were taken by fund. Pikes were sees darting about in great agony ; and most of the limy tribe within a mile of the spot where the accident occurred, were rendered blind from the burning nature of the lime. It is calculated that some thousands of fish perished. POPULATION OF HASTINGS. Males. Females. Total. St. Clement'. ... 1354 1639 2293 AU Saints' ... 1511 1596 3107 St. Mary In the Castle 733 1070 1803 Holy Trinity 528 1080 Si. Leonard's ... 128 141 259 POPULATION OF ANIHIDIL. Inhabited houses, 517 ; uninhabited bootee, 20. 1937 males i l Total, 2803, being an increase in 10 years of 14118 females 306 souls. 568 families o which 13 are engaged in agriculture.; 884 males, upwards of 20 yaws of age, POVIMATION Or CHIC'S/TT& Males. Females. TOIL Bubdesnmy ... 1984 9088 4060 Andrews ... 279 449 .718 at. Martin's ••• 166 159 315 AU Saints 183 288 St. Pancras ... 133 108 301 St. (Move ... 117 HIS 2103 St. Peter, the kin .. 152 204 MO New Town •• ao 72 112 9975 3448 601 County Paw— Subdranery .. 235 256 491 St. Pancras 408 445 854 St. Bartholomew .. 148 148 296 Close • . 58 111 169 3825 4408 l BOl, 4700; 1811, 8425; 1821, 7592; 18111, 8231 11231 . Brighton races are now fixed for Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, the 27th, 28th, and 29th of July : stewards—. the Duke of Richmond, and Lord Lowther. The geld sup, the present of his Majesty, will be run lb, on the second day. Sixteen homes are already entered for the Bri_ghton Stakes. TN supply of *hist, at the pitched corn market, Chi chester was rather lees than on the reeedhig smiles day, but the re was not much alteration in the pekes. A quantity of line wheat was sold from 161. 10e to 171. per lad, and the inferior in proportion. On the whole, there was not so much busineel dons, although the sole amminted to upwards of 606 guano,. The beast swim' was well supplied with meek of Mil description mutton was rather on the odyssey, but best Vas much 614 i magmas the lass =whet day. nattiataror okra, eaenneell 6 E 0 4 le th is will ho pg.. *heat kreltbio markably well. buy from the late heavy mina, a little Is beaten down. ARUNDIL Coax MaamitT.—Wheat, 151. 10s. to 171. per load ; Barley, 311 s. to 40s ; Osts, 275. to Ws. per quar. ter ; Meer, 511. per seek ; ditto, ls. bd. per pare. CNJONISTICR. 06Z1r MARIENT....IONIIONN'S retain : Wheat, Ns. ad; Barley, 235; Oats, 274 64d; Beans, 43a. 3f4. it Rimblst, near CisMuster. Mr. W. Helm s* dirwAt Litbiskira Lower assorty, (pt. Bleck, R.N. MUM ADVEATIZER, Jima 20. Ea* and aloft of tbVillissosz !Antis County Court 1. Evary.ilammaais from the Court mast be taken out, and alljmossedinp NNW on either by the party in person, or by aiserney or lidleitor duly stimitied to me of his blaissects Cams of Raw& at Westminster. 2. No stmeamm so ho -swat except by an *Seer of the Court, and meth aim Is at tbs next court day to make a regular retain of every summons and other promos served and executed by him. S. No summons to be served from this Court upon any defendant not residing in the Eastern Division o f Sussex. 4. No summon to be served later than the Monday im mediately preceding the Court day. b. The plaintiff or attorney applying for a summons, at. tachment, or other process, to sate the tams of the officer to be inserted therein. 8. No officer to take greater fees for the execution of any process than those enumerated in the table hereunder written. 7. No attachment to be lamed till the Tuesday next fol. lowing the Court Day. 8. No goods seized under an attachment to be sold until the end of fire dear days at the least, next after the Court Day Immediately following the seizure, nor then without a Vendition Exponas. 9. No goods seized under a Fl. fa. to be arid until six clear days next after the seizure. 10. No sale under any process to take placewkhout three clear days previous notice to the defendant, who is said to bare the option of having the same sold by Public Auction, upon his entering into an engagement to allow the extra ex poses occasioned thereby. 11. The warrants last issued to be returned into the Office before fresh ones granted. 12. Upon the taxation of costs, a declaration consisting of one count only will be allowed, unless under special circum stances. 13. All monies received by the Akers by virtue of any process Lenin from this Court to be paid into the hands of the County Clerk. The Table of Fees above referred to : On serving a summons .. ... ... 02 0 Ditto, on a writ of Justices ... 03 0 ••• On executing attachment, if not exceeding 8 miles 0 6 0 Ditto, exceeding 8 miles .. .. 010 01 On executing Fier! Facia. . • ... 010 0 Expeoces of moving goods not exceeding 8 miles 0 4 0 Ditto 8, and not exceeding !Smiles .. 08 0 Ditto 16, and not exceeding 24 miles .. 012 0 Appraisement of goods ... ... ... 0 3 0 No fee allowed on alias or pluries attachments. or tier! facies, and only the expense of moving goods alter the above rate to be taken. The election of twenty-four persons, to fill up as many va cancies in the local commission at Brighton, took place at the Royal Sea Howse on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, and with less bustle perhaps than has been altogether usual on such occasions. There ware about fifty-aix candidates. The individuals chosen were u under, viz : Class 3.—Mr. Richard Ranger and Mr. George Panes* (of the Royal York Hotel.) Class 2.—Mr. William Barnes, Mr. Richard Stuckey (of the Albion Hotel), and Mr. George o:Wendt's. Class I.—Mr. Thomas Penton, Mr. Thomas Best, Mr. Christopher Wren Vick, and Mr. Henry Tuppeo. The above classes me not liable to be removed by the rm talon clause in the Local Act—consequently, those named in Class 3, are chosen for six years; those in Class 2, for five years; and in Class 1, few four years. Jose 18.—Red Wheat, 3 4 8d : Oats, 11.7. 81. DIED.—At Hallam°, Mr. F. Howlett, 84. HAMPSHIRE ADVERTIZER, Jvw 18. ARRIVALS AT SOLITRAMPTOX.r.MIL Stuart Hall and family Mrs. Phillips and family , Rev, and Mrs. H. Roberts, Mr. iradshawe, Mrs. Pollen, Mrs. F. Adam, Mr. Brock, Rev. Aylaw Farquar, Mr. Camper, Mr. Irvin, Miss M. Impey, Mr. and Mrs. Barnard, CoL Kennett, Rev. R. Bateman, Mrs. Sheppard, Mrs. Hone and family, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Wilson, Mrs. Fuller, and Mr. Aiken. On Thursday law, a grand few took place on board his Majesty's ship Conia, at which most of the officers of the Fleet. at present at anchor at Bpithead, received Invite time, together with their ladies and many watieular friends. The entertainments were in all their anangewients molt splendid and satisfactory; the quartet-desk as Sued up in a very superior and fascinating style, and represented a grand I tent, &downed with lags and colours of almost every descrip tion, which, with the brilliant chandeliers, ite. gave wan idea of an Arabian entertainment. Every delicacy that weld be procured for the occasion was furnished in abundance ; the Annie. fruit, wine, at, were the best that could be pro. duced. The whole at was got up, and executed in a manner that did Guy, at the George Hotel, She highest credit for his taste and liberality, and procured for him the praise of all present. file Edward Codrington and his lady (the down of the gala) wee unsparing in their ex pense and atten4loos to belt and received the thanks of all present ' After th. refreshment, dancing was kept up in's high tone ',Moines aad glee, by nearly two hundred visitant, of the Irst rank and fashion, who did t e lit a z=te (and that Z i t) until Sol had rendered and Wax lights y useless. Mut Spring Ploughing and Awned Sheep Shear. lag of the Wilts Agricultural Sashay, teat law on Wed nesday, on Mr: Goodman's Fawn. at P'/s two miles west of Marlborough. The preminaw were awarded ea follow lit Class t The first premium to Thomas Smiles, servant to Mr. Goodman, with Ttekell's plough, who ploughed his half sae in two boon 47 minutes; the second to Geo. Gil. bort, servant to the Marquis of Aylesbury, with fkodbert's plough, who ploughed his half we in two hours 41 mi. flutes ; and the third to 8. Townsend, servant of Mr. Good man, of Fyfield, who ploughed his half acre in two hours and 10 minutes. In the second class there were no competitors. 3d Clan 3 The first premium to Richard Leader. servant of Mr. W. R. Brown, with Tiokelre plough, who his half acre in two hours 28 minutest the sawed roktl thy Humphries, servant to Mr. Neat, of Meaktea, with Tickell's plough, who ploughed his half acre in two hours 20 minutes • and the third to Stephen Rodbouro, a arrant of Mr. Glickman, of Fyfield, with Tiekdre p lough, wbo ploughed his half acre in two hours IS minutes. The ploughing was so admirably executed, that the judjes had great difficulty in deciding the meths of the different candidates: 18 ploughs waned. • The Nimble, schooner, of this laden with wheat arrived during last ni g ht f rom w ith ou t having been •* amen at th e Maths:ba n k. a nd master ( Stn . IP who appears to have violated th e laws by not, in t he arse In.. stance, proceeding to a quarantine station, permitted two of his crew to go to their homes at Mktg (which U situated six miles from Seatkeenrea, on the ote shore), before be was visited by the Cattowtaloues who. on Warding the vessel, found that the matt, Mr. Simon, was takes iii on the 29d ult. (two days after she sailed *sea Riga), sod died, from want of medical assistance, on the 27th. In conse quence of this death having wanted, the two men Were, as measure of precaution, iminediatilly newel and sent beck to the vessel, which was di:vaulted so the Mothetbank, to be given in charge to the quarantine Wises. The circum stance has excited some agitation in the town, but as the Nimble sailed with • delm bill of health, the death of .a per son on board during the passage, M the alarm of medical Weistance, may certainly occur without affording any grounds for alarm, not do we believe there to be the slightest. We are indebted to a gentleman in the neighbourhood of Southampton floe the following extract of a letter received hom John Lander on his arrival m Portsmouth last week : " I have no doubt but the public will very shortly put you in possession of th e p r i n circumstances attending o'll'j:ion:ay ; for the present I have barely time to say that the Nun , Many, Del Rey, New Calabar, Rs. in the Bight of Man, are the different mouths ef the Niger by which it disembogues itself into the Adam* and that a large rive, called Tcludda by the natives (the Sher or Sherry of Euro• paw), enters the Niger, from the Lake Tchad in Romou, about tea or MAW fts' *me, from the coast. This is a rapid and coasidwable river. boo Wired the Niger Sow, le the eastward, as has bees conjectured ! Reichard, I believe. is Abbott the adly one shoes hypothesis corresponds with the wand tenithiselai of the *ter, and &ahem been gebe rely conosited for ham Ike boobs of the Niget ate wey doss* inhakGo till we ilsweachtt the mess, very finely culiivated : no soon, perhaps, can easel some of thohrilbleh Ina oir vibe, la end luxuriance. The Pirate IMMO FOR leek itlettibatked at Yasorie, a city of prodigious extent, on the 20th of Sep. tember, 1830, and arrived at the Nun river on the 20th No. umbel following." , In consequence of the recent order in council, directing that all ships arrivieg frees Rendus ports are to perfonu quarantine, to prevent the Introduction of the cholera mnr. bus into this country, the following ships have been ordered to be fitted at Chatham. forthwith as tetnporory Laurette*, and to be stationed at ikandgate Creek—vir. his Majesty's ship Ramillies. 74, Creole, 42, Iphigenia, 42, Dartmouth, 42, and Howe, 46. The population return for Cowes Is some curious features. In 1821, the number of male. 279, of females 286 —lB3l, males 293, females 293, being the exact number of males as females. The actual increase in the population is only 22, vb. In 1821, 564—in 1831, 586. The population of Freshwater has increased 40 per eat. since 1821 ; 1821, males 426, females 450; 1831, males 598, females 692. Total-1821, 876 ; 1831, 1182. The population of Basingstoke amounts to 3581, males 1718—females 1863. Census of 1821, 3165—increase, 416. Cliddeston population, 31111—Herriard, ditto, 425. The shim 1821. population of Trowbrid ge h as i ncrease d 131 C Thiligadon of Devises thwsf 33 les in the p as of St. John, since 1821 e a decrease o ; and an increase ma of 34 females. Total population 4562. From 1811 to 1821, there was only an isesease of 50 in the population of West Lavington ; whit* from 1821 to 1831, it increased 199. The number of inhabitants is now 1322 ; In 1821, it was 1123; and in 1811, 1073. Basingstoke Corn Market on Wednesday waabut very scantily supplied with wheat, yet what was sold was at a reduction in price. Wheat from 131. to 161. 15s; one fine sample fetched 171. 10s. per load. Barley 301 to 365. Beans 40s to 44e. Oats 231 to 325. Peas 311 s to 421 per quarter, imp. measure. Bread, Is 7d pee gallon. %Vitreous:2a, Juts 11.—Average price of Grain: Wheat, 66s 6d. GUILDFORD, JUNE IL—We Weft better supplied to-day. Wheat per load, 161. to 201. 10s. Oats per qr. 28s to 355. Barley 34s to 445. Beads 401 to 465. Nrersuay, Beams, Jung 16.—Wheat, imp. qr. 48. to 765. Barley 30s to 38e. Oats 244 to 345. Beans 40s to 455. New Peas 361 to 40s. Bread, per gallon 17d to 194. MARRIED.—At Caesium, Thom as Collett, Esq. to Miss Stump—At Staamore, Philip Wroughton, Esq. of Ilstone, Bucks, to Emma, eldest daughter of D. Chambers, Fstts,of theWeald.—Capt. 8. B. Haines, R.N. to Miss Mary daughter of_ George &ales, Esq. of Anstey, near Alton, Hants—At Bramshaw, Wm. Wyndham, jun. eldest son of Wm. Wyndham, Esq. of Dinton, Wilts, to Ellen, daughter of the Rev. S a muel Heathcote, of Bramshaw-hill, Hants. DIED—At Branbidge House, Twyford, C. A. Antrim, R.N.—At Storrington, Mrs. Challen, senior, 83—At Don. nington. Miss Fullager, eldest daughter of the Rev. J. Ful. lager, Minister of the Unitarian Chapel—At Bognor, the Rev. Bartholomew Middleton, 70, Rector of Wes:dean sad Singleton—At St. Helier's, Jersey, Capt. P. Dupont—At Dane Hill, Margate, J.Stowell, Req. 71— Mr.W. Brink worth, of Chippenhan. CALEDONIAN MERCURY, JUNE 16. DUNDII RIOTIIL—Our readers will see, by the report of the trial of these persons in the Justiciary Court on Mon. day last, that justice (law) has had its cou rs e. We tape we shall hear no more of such clamourers as " Sens,swear ing lustily that the authorities had been mitigating the pea pie to violence and mobbing, to thew their zeal for reform, and that if they ever brought them to trial, it would only be foe some petty miner offence. The sentence, we think, must satisfy even him. For ourselves, while we think it in. diapensably necessary to punish severely and speedily offences of this desaiptise, we regret extremely to say that the sen tence appears to us beyond measure severe, and out of all to the enennity of the crime, or the degrees of ' Mi te r the different paeans. Fourteen yaws, and seven years transportaden. We dr not believe that in England the guiltiest of these alining would have been visited with more than two years impantaient at the utmost. The following la the ith of the Judge:—Lord Gullies —.This is a very himee tie, and what render it still more so is; that the Omen hens hitherto maimeined good characters; but, saministedng justice with stony, the Court most deal with the easels it mine bailee them. Riot ing and mobbing were in Atha, aspith'dmolialthus but in this ease they had it in its visa cep ented ibres. They had here a large umber of palely mesalid in the asst unlawful purpose..-to liberate Omni is' epeaehlatlee if the law. Not measly setting meshemas at dames, eel forcing open doors and erfaa ivis. bat baring assowee se the most dreadful of engises—ifre, to accomplish their object. Had it not been for the prudent conduct of the leasitheaus, they would have set Ire to the Policaolles, sad the Tone house, which, paha" would have terminated in the pea tai conflagration of the town itself. lie was sorry foray they were called on to award a meet severe punishment ortithe penmen ; sad art to the elder two, Flag and l l itsen be amid let peeps* wlese serest paillasse than transPortatioa fee listerassapinee; Megan seven yam, and with regard to teat the ha had seen cause to rasa. meld him to their ledieney, and he should propose that he be confined in Bridewell foe calender months. A vessel his just unlade, harbour front Rigs, the mate of which died of the Ghana morbus before leaving. The captain of another vessel lending for Matron bad also died of the same dreadful milady. DAMAO/11 BY cases wising out of the ta:Fdoes by the law, mobs in Edinburgh have bets t before the Justices of Peace of the county of Edin burg , at the instance of the sufferers against the Clerk of Supply, which were decided in the County Rooms on Moe. day. It was stated in defence, that the London papers had asserted that in similar cease theta the Justices had found that no claim was geed, unless felonious intention at the part of the breakers of windows could be established to have accompanied the outrage. The Justices here, however, re. fused to give ally anneenence td what' hid appeared in the London papers, Ind dill not believe such a decision amid have been tat as that motioned, bonus, it was not sup ported by statute nor cenasen shwa The statute au thorised the whom* die ilimige was dOne b 7 sn " unlawful and tumidness mob," and such a mob is tr teemed by the name when the number of palate mud twelve, and setting the civil pewee at Mane, coatalt an o the property of the inhabitants in an alarming sad tumultuous as manner, aad nese could deny that that woe the character of the disgraceful mob that had done the mhehiet in Edinburgh, for which repentant was now might. Judg ment was accordingly given foe the applicants. NDINIII9IOII, JUN/ 16..-011 t. MOM, of all kinds of grain to day was small, except whew, whisk met with dull sales; wheat up bs. on the top, and 9d. down on tea avenge: ant the same top, and average up 2d; only two parcels of holey learned, sold at Sde. and Mt I pease and beans the same top, and Bd. down on the average: . fitasaow. Jun 13.—The supply of sheep in air morning's market was larger than last week, amountieg 1400. Pikes were much the same foe black-faced; but whitafeted being in better condidon were nigher. The best lot of black-fiord was sold at. 27e a head ; and hem diet down to 21s der Ewes wan eff at freers 1M to Ills. While faced wedders sold at from 21s to 30a; sad • let of lee animals from the ease country were disposed of at ifs ahead. Lambe were plenty, seed brought from 7s to lis a.heod. Coeds were set as muserous as last week r ookoent. lag to 306; and sales were rather dull. Bose lots was et at about Os. a stone; though a few were sold by weight higher than that. Four berry animals were held at 301. athood. Tlity trout weigh GO stone; but wets latterly saki by weight, at l6s astsne sinking ads. Ordinary quality of beef sold at Ss to 8s tkl &atone. MARRIZD.—At Voe, Shetland, Mahe Stewart, Esq. of Rothelay, to Elisabeth Start, daughter of John Adie. lisq....ht Cannes Routh. third", John M. Hamilton, Esti surgeon, 11.91. to Merles; daughter of Jobs Bee, En. of Wyre lale. DIED.—At Edinburgh, Mrs. Stott, wife of Mr. Thema Gelyileid-eqiere, Firs. Eminah Howard Young. Kielmidy, Mre. Marine, 88.—At Bearbill, the Rev. .John flavemen....At Wigeown, Mrs. Isabella Burton. la lesmammemmamm BIRIIIB. The OM ids& lo_Balter.etteet, the lady of Llcut..Ceione% Talbot, of a war—The 18th Meta at Lambeth, 31re. J. C iltahlechmidt; of atleatehtaim 71 D. The 17th bat. at •tndrmtt,• Is the county a Norfolk, d. Villabela, Iles. jam eldest am of H. Villeboia. of Marhaakbottae, is the same comity, to Maas, eta." daaglitet of late tP. daSge , Esq. or Staedaett•hal4 DIM • At . Ids lest, Yobs- . n, is Kant. in the 64th you of his fito; George, dalli Vlsiiitalt Torrington, Vice Admiral of I the While. He la baneardird is bid title by bb ma George. an Kadin in the 00th IlegMenk at Madam Loin : l i tiateclaotrablbebed , by /01111111Avoi;as ciptici, No. 1, Pickett-place, Temple ibm