Star. — London, England, 1822-06-28 00:00:00

~'. -~~ - vatic, Witte o wbic 14 rM PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. ' HOtSE bF I:OROS, JUNE 47. Their Lordships met at ten o'clock, to hear Appeals. Retr,, Appellant; BMA, Respondent—This was an appeal from the Court of Session, Scotland. Mr. •W•aese and Mr. Titomesns were heard for the respondent, and the Arroaerr- KNLRAL in reply.—Judgment postponed. BRI:CZ, Al:Tenant ; M'CLouD and filiCi.oen, Respondents. — 'his was an appeal from the Court of Session, Scotland. —Fur thee hearing postponed. ,Ir. Be Reset. and others brought up from the Commons the 'Westminster Improvement Bill and several Private Dills, Which vs ere read a first time. The.same Hon. Members also brought a Message announcing that the Commons had agreed to the Doyle Divorce Bill. Mr. TM:MM.!, from the Office of the Chief Secretary of Ire land, presented certain Retians from the Board ot Records pur suant to the Order of the House.—Laid on the table. CORN LAWS. The Earl of LIVERPOOL had intended, whilst moving the se:opd reading of the Corn Importation Act Amendment Bill, to have explained the pounds on which the measure was founded. He understood, however, that it would be matter of personal convenience to several Noble Lords, that the debate should he taken in the Committee instead of the second reading, end would have no objection to such a course if he knew what day: would be most convenient. Considering the late period of the Session, he trusted, on the other hand, that no opposition would be made to the second reading taking place this day. Lord EItSK IN K said, that he should propose an amendment on the third reading of the Bill, against which he had already presented twenty-five Petitions.—The Bill having been read a second time, The Earl of LIVERPOOL proposed that it be committed on Monday. and that the third reading should take place on Thursday next. • The Marquis of BUTE suggested Friday instead of Thurs day for the third reading. The Earl of LIVERPOOL assented. Earl G REV had no objection to the proposed arrangement. He held a Petition from Owners and Occupiers of Land in the County of Northumberland, who had affixed the number of acres which they occupied to their signatures, and from their re spectability and influence were entitl ed to the attention of the 'louse. They did not prefer any particular prayer, but they said that they saw no relief in the present Bill, but a probable cause of aggravation of that distress which was increasing every hour, and threatened to involve the country in total ruin. He then moved that the Petition be read and laid oa the table, which was done accordingly. Lord ILEDF.SD ALE also presented a Petition against the same Bill Irons the Owners and Occupiers of Land of certain Parishes in the County of Surrey.—Laid on the table. WELSH JUDICATURE. Lord CAW DOR, after pointing out the defects of the present system of Judicature in Wales, presented a Petition front several Acting Magistrates of the County of Pembroke, praying for such a reform of the system of Welsh Judicature as would place them under the jurisdiction of the English Courts. After a few observations from the Loan CHANCELLOR, Lord Rxertsvatz, the Ma. quisses of LAKSDOWN and Burr, and the Earl of Warmer, as to the propriety, importance, and difficulty of an inquiry into the subject, the Petition was read and laid on the table. KING'S SILVER. Lord CAWDOR then stated, that fines were levied in Wales on the conveyance of or succession to estates, and that the 'money thus collected went to the Crown, under the name of the King's Silver. He thought that it would be more beneficial that those fines should be collected as in England, and moved, that an hum ble Address be presented to his Majesty, requesting that his Majesty w:uld pleased to give directions to the proper Offi cers to collect the fines levied in Wales under the denomination of King's Silver;in the same manner as those paid in the Com mon Pleas in England. The Earl of LIVERPOOL thought that the first question to be decided must be, whether the levying of those fines was le gelly or illegally done on the part of the Crown? If it was le gally done, they were as much the right and property of the Crown as any other right or property which it enjoyed, and no alteration could be effected except through the means of a legis lative enactment. He should have no objection to adjourn the debate, in order to have the opinion of his Noble and Learned Friend on the Woolsack on the question whether those fines were legally vested in the Crown? The LOUD CHANCELLOR hoped that the Noble Lord who had made the motion would give him a reasonable time to look into the subject. After a few words from Lord Items:sate and Lord Cawsos, the debate was adjourned to Monday sennight. THE ARMY AND NAVY PENSIONS. On the motion of the Earlof Livearoot, the Army and Navy Pensions Bill went through a Committee. The Report being brought up, Lord KING rose to fulfil his pledge, and to propose a Pre amble worthy of such a Bill. The first words of it, he believed would be found to be English, though they were those of the Noble Secretary for Foreign Affairs. The Noble. Lord then read to the following effect Whereas an impatience of taxa tion not less ignorant than irresistible pervades all classes of his Dlajesty's subjects, and it is highly expedient to give them re bel; and whereas the minimum ot relief that can give satisfaction, and the least intelligible plan that can be stated, is that the burthen of Military and Naval Pensions should be extended over a number of years : whereas by the 57th of George 111. a large provision is made for the maintenance and half-pay of persons holding high offices, and it is desirable to secure the continuance of the same persons in office ; whereas there is or will be a Sink ing Fund of five millions, in order to relieve future generations at the expense of the present, and whereas it is expedient to re lieve the present impatience of taxation at the expense of future generations, which object might be most effectually attained by applying part of the Sinking Fund to that purpose, had not his Majesty's servants declared that the Sinking Fund should be maintained inviolate ; therefore be it enacted, that a series of leans shall be raised in a circuitous manner; that the Lords of the Treasury shall have power to lend to themselves, and to borrow from themselves, and to conceal the whole transaction from themselves, and from all other ignorant and well-disposed persons, and that the Commissioners for the Redemption of the National Debt shall be appointed Trustees, and be authorised to create Stock as Trustees, and to purchase it as Commissioners, until the amount of confusion shall be equal to that of the charge from which it is expedient to relieve the present generation !" The Earl of HARROW BY said, that the Noble Lord oppo site had frequently charged his side of the House with want of sense, he now wished that the proposed preamble and clause could be recorded as a proof of the sense of the other side. Lord K ING maintained that the present Bill deserved such a preamble.—The question that this be the preamble to the Bill was then put, and negatived without a division. The Report was then received, and the different Bills before the House were respectively forwarded one stage.— Adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS. A G ent l e man from the Bank of England presented a Return of the weekly amount of Bank Notes. and Post Dills issued, which was ordered to lie on the table. Mr. DENNIS BROW NE presented a Petition from the in h.fbitants of the city of Kilkenny, complaining that they bad suf. feretrfrom the repeal of the Salt Tax, the justice of which, how ever, they did not impugn, but prayed for sonic relief. Mr. CU RWEN said, he had no doubt he should be able to thew, on the discussion of this question to-morrow, that Ireland ought not to be a sufferer from the repeal of this tax. • • Mr. DALY made a few observations in support of the repeal Of the duty on rock salt imported into Ireland. • Mr, C. H. II urcii 1 NEON assured the House that the pte sent feeling of the merchants of Cork was, that the duty shoOld be repea led ; and that they had no wish to see the other parts of she country suffer in consequence of it. . Mr. ISRlGHTaiixiously desired to see .the whole tax., with the machinery of collection, done away with. The Petition was then read, and ordered tube printed. • Mr. Alderman WOOD presented a Petition from an indivi. atm% residing in Westminster, complaining of an arbitrary depri vation of his license as a publican.—Ordered to be - printed. • On the motion of Mr. Lusinnorcur, the House went into a Com:. suttee upon the Stamp Acts, pursuant to the Order of the Day. Mr. LUSIIINGTON then submitted certain Resolutions,. which wets agreed to, and the House having resumed, the Re- Am was ordered to be received to-morrow. Mr. M. A. TAYLOR presented a Petition from the COIn. ' a n imas for widening streets, !n i mbly praying that the pro. posed Act of the Rida Rah. &votary for* Mow Deport nwnt would not interns* with ther sheiks", tdzeosivo haittha See legied under the A Mr. S ecre tary PEEL ,that thwOndes was too far ad vanced; to admit Uf his whinier, adronsage of a suggestion of this, libido-411w Petition was rind, and ordered to be printed. ALLHOUSZ .UW1)151110 SILL. On the motion for the third' reading of this Bill, Lord CRANBOURNE Made some observations in opposition to certain clauses in the Bill, and particu larlrthat which went to deprive the County Magis trates of the power they possessed over public houses. He considered the Bill with this clause in it as quite spoiled, and therefore moved, as an amendment, that it be read that day three months. Mr. Alder Man SMITH seconded the amendment, thinking that the Bill had been altogether changed from its original object in the Committee. Mr. CARTWRIGHT thought that the most per nicious effects would follow from depriving the Ma giktrates of their controul over the public houses. Mr. MONCK was sure that, if the monopoly in beer were destroyed, porter would be sold at four 'pence instead of fourpence halfpenny a pot. The amount expended annually in strong beer in this country was eighteen millions sterling, and this re duction therefore would be equal to ten per cent. in favOur of the consumers of this article. He thought that some steps should be taken to transfer the power of the Magistrates over public houses to the Petty Sessions, being of opinion that in a multitude of Counsellors they were likely to find wisdom and greaterer security from abuse. Mr. CALCRAFT defended the licensing Magis trates from any imputation of improper conduct, and unless the clause in the Bill affecting those Magistrates were withdrawn, he should oppose the Bill. Mr. Secretary PEEL considered that the discretion which had been vested in the County Magistrates ought not to be withdrawn from them. It had inva riably been well exercised for the benefit of the coun try, and the plan of referring complaints against publicans to the Quarter Sessions, would be a very inconvenient and ineffectual mode of supplanting it. He hoped that it would be possible for the author of the Bill to make such a modification of this clause as should remove the objection, in order that the Bill might not be lost. Mr. BERNAL thought it would be very hard upon his Hon. Friend (Mr. Bennet) that this Bill should be rejected, alter he had taken so much pains to frame it to suit the notions of Honourable Mem bers. He proposed that the word 4 , County" should be erased from the clause, when he thought it might be acceded to. Mr. M. A. TAYLOR said, that from an experience of thirty years, he never knew an instance of improper deprivation oflicense, and to take from County Ma gistrates that power which they had hitherto so im partially and beneficially exercised, would be to cast an unjust imputation upon them. Mr. BOOTLE WILBRAHAM commented on some of the provisions of the Bill, and was of opinion it might be advisable to let the subject stand over till next Session. Mr. LOCKHART thought this Bill did not afford the Public sufficient protection against the evils expe rienced under the present system. He therefore wished the Bill to be recommitted, that the subject might be again discussed. Colonel WOOD said, if the Bill were allowed to stand over till next Session, the whole of the enact ments, many of which were admitted to be good, must, remain inoperative for a year. He begged to suggest, that the three clauses which had been prin cipally objected to should be withdrawn, and the Bill (such as it would be without them) passed. Mr. F. PALMER did not object to the Bill as far as it went, but thought it did not go far enough, and he therefore wished it to stand over another year, that it might be seen whether it could be made stronger, and more like what had been originally contemplated. Mr. ESTCOURT hoped the Hon. Gentleman would withdraw his Bill for the present. Though he' thought the measure - might be made useful, if pressed in its present state, he must vote for the amendment of the Noble Lord. Mr. H. BRIGHT spoke in favour of the summary, jurisdiction at present exercised. Mr. LUSHINGTON joined in the wish so gene rally expressed, that the Hon. Gentleman would with draw his Bill for the , present, and bring it forward I again in the early part of the next Session, in an improved shape. Mr. HOLFORD thought the Bill was not what might have been expected, and what was originally intended. He hoped it would be withdrawn for the present, to be reintroduced in a more perfect form. Mr. Alderman WOOD spoke in favour of the Bill. He thought, before a publican was deprived of his license that he ought to be heard. He ought not to be condemned, and perhaps totally ruined, without having any opportunity of stating what he might have to offer in his defence. Mr. BENNET replied. Seven years having passed since he turned his mind to this subject, and this being the second attempt that he had made, in com pliance with the prayers of all parts of the House, to frame a measure which would correct the evils which had so long been the subject of complaint, he could not now consent to withdraw it. He then described the objects which he bad in view in bringing in the present Bill, and shewed that he had been prevented from following some of them up, by the inconsistent conduct of some of those who had at first come for ward in support of his views upon the subject. He, however, contended, that the Bill in its present form would do good. Many of those scourges of the poor, those sinks of iniquity, which now existed in the Me tropolis 'and elsewhere, would be put down if it passed. He wished to establish a system under which the Magistrates would be forced to-.put down a bad house, but under which a good one would be pro tected against an arbitrary exercise of power. He had no object in view but, tp coma the evils admit ted to exist. Those who-opposed the, Bill now before them, and ivisheitibtitsi tcorentain as it was, were *perhaps not acquainted 'with' the attug stateof. the law. By the 9th of James 1. chapter the fait, it was enacted, that any landlord who suffered persons to remain tippling in his house longer than one- hour would be liable to forfeit a sum of money for the first offence, and for the second to be deprived of his li cense. Thus stood the law at present, and ho wished the Public to kaci* if yet there.were in that House, persons who considered themseltes to be Legislators, and -who were Masistraies t who did hot /*ow that any tavemkeepeT who suffered tap or five Gentle.l men to remain in his house morethan an hour, eating or drinking, he was liable to be punished undtr that law. If an! single person should come to hi'm as a Magistrate . of Surrey, and say, that whereas at a tavern where he (Mr. Bennet) had lately dined with his Honourable Fiiend the Member for Southwark, certain Gentlemen had met for the purpose of tip pling, of speaking, and yet more of eating, he should on such information, be obliged to levy a penalty on the landlord, and adjudge him to lose his license.— Because such a proceeding was not very likely, they were not to assume that it might not be witnessed.— lie had in his possession an adjudged case, where a Magistrate, a Clergyman, had convicted a publican for the high crime of giving out a pint of beer to the servant maid of that same Clergyman on a Sunday, and the landlord and 'his family, who had till then lived in credit, had in consequence been reduced to' poverty. He would not consent to withdraw the Bill. He would, however, consent to leave out the words " Counties and Ridings," if that Would sati.fy the objections raised against it. He complained of the opposition offered to this Bill by those who com plained of defects which it did not contain. The House might dispose of it as they pleased ; but as the tree cell, so it might lie. They would not find him ready to take upon himself the trouble of attending a Committee for five or six days, to hear a number of Gentlemen talking at once, and to have some pull ing out the white hairs of his plan, and others the black ones, till at last none remained. After the la bour and anxiety wit;ch he had endured, and after the expense incurred to poi the machinery in motion which was necessary to give the requisite information, if all were now to be of no avail, others might take up the subject if they pleased, but for his part, he had neither time, nor money, nor patience, to spend in such an unprofitable manner.—The House then aided, when the numbers were— For the third Reading For the Amendment ~y Majority - - 17 Some discussion took place on the passing of the Bill, while strangers were excluded, and several Amendments were moved and adopted. SLAVE TRADE.' Mr.WILBERFORCE rose, under peculiar circum stances, to call the attention of the House to the sub ject of the Slave Trade. After the measure which had been resorted to by this country, in negotiating with Foreign Powers, in order to repress the Slave Trade, he thought it would be felt that we were bound to use every means in our power to see that they were effective. With this view he was about to move for the correspondence between the Govern ment and his Majesty's Officers on the coast of Africa, whose duty it was to report on.the progress made in suppressing the Slave Trade. He would not detain the House long, but he would offer a few words with respect to the different - Powers of Europe, who had concurred with us in declaring against the continu ance of the Slave Trade. It afforded him great pleasure to learn that a law had been passed by the Spanish Cortes, awarding an infamous punishment:--- a punishment of ten years labour in the public works against those concerned in carrying on the Slave Irade,. while the victims of their traffic, who were destined to slavery, were under this law to be set at liberty. This was an admirable law, and, faithfully acted upon,would render much service to the cause; and he could not let the subject pass , without esisre,-s -ing that gratitude to the Count Torreno, which wa . due from him in common with all the fricuds of humanity. Wi:% respect to Portugal he knew not what to say. If they looked at the. past nothing could be more discreditable than the conduct of that Power with respect to the Slave Trade, nothing more opposed to the views of this country. One only merit in this instance belonged to her, that of consistency, for it would be remembered that his Noble Friend (the Marquis of Londonderry ),when at Vienna, could not prevail on Portugal to declare against the Slave Trade till after succeeding with all the other Powers. He at last obtained from Portugal a reluctant assent to the same declaration, on conceding to her certain' commercial advantages. The Slave Trade of Portu , gal was thus to be confined to the South of the Line. —Not without a pang had those countries been sur rendered, which were thus thrown open to . Portugal ; 1 but this had been conceded by the friends to the abo-, lition of the Slave Trade. But now the ships of Portugal were found on every part of the coast of Africa, and the trade, it appeared, had received the sanction of a Portuguese Governor. Such had been the conduct of Portugal. But would it continue the same under the present Government, or would a dif ferent course be pursued ? Those who loved liberty for themselves, ought to love it for the sake of others, and he should consider it a bad omen if the Portu guese were found so indifferent to the rights and liberties of their fellow-creatures, while they, were engaged, as at present, in asserting their own. The next Power.to whose conduct he would call the at tention of the House, was that of the United Statesl of America. He confessed surprise that a people' coming from the same stock as ourselves, and ani mated by congenial feelings, should be backward in giving effect to the decisions which they had come to on this subject, after not merely seconding our views, but avowing the same principles even previous to their being asserted by us. It would be remembered that a Committee 'of the House of Representatives had, last year, recommended the• general adoption of a mutual search for slaves. When it was remembered how unlike this search is time of peace would be to the right of search claimed on. the part of this coun try in the time of war; he should have hoped no an cient prejudice Would stand in the way of the adop tion of a measure so deeply affecting the dearest rights and interests of a large class of our fellow creatures. But he was sorry to say, though the sub ct had been argued in a very proper tone by our 'Representative (Mr. Canning); it seemed to have been met almost 'with ill humour by the American Minis ter'. Me. Adams):, He. untlerstocid a second Report from the House of Representative vet y justly pointed wont that, properly considered, a qualified and regu, lated right to examine each others ships in time of peace, would not only be different from the unquali fied right of search in time of war, but was, in fact, directly opposite to it, for, making it a matter of treaty, it was admitted that without such treaty no right could be claimed. 'When this was understood, he could not but hope that the House of Represen tatives would gierup their objections to the Measure, and agree with their Committee; and also, that the Senate and the whole Government of America would do the same, and consent to adopt the only means which could be resorted to with a prospect of put. ting an end to this enormous evil—(Hear, h ear )._ It was gratifying to any man who loved the p eop l e of that country, as;, he professed he did, to find that the American Offictrs and men, when they met ours on the African coast, forgot all national feelings —all petty jealousies, and kindly united with zeal, good humour, and good u ill, to add their best efforts to ours in order to put down - the Slave Trade. He re. joked at the restoration of a free and legitimate Go. vernment in France, and at the tranquillity and pro. verity which she now enjoyed. But it was lament:lWe to see, that when the progress of civilization "as most rapid amongst her own people, she was OPP 4 );ig t h e progress of civilization in Africa. Notwithstanding the general reasons which they had to regiet the con duct of • Fr . ance upon this question, he could not avoid referring with the highest satisfaction to the semi• ments expressed by one individual, in a speech de. livered when the subject was under discussion some little time ago (the Duke de Broglio). He was sure 'that when such principles and such sentiments were supported even-by one man in a country, conviction would not long be withheld from the great mass of the good - and the just. He was cenviuced that reli gion hid made great advances in France, kut he must very much doubt the reality cf any religion when he saw it go hand in hand with slavery—. (Cheers). —The Rol. Member then described the hap piness which civilization had bestowed in some parts of Africa, and the gratitude which the inhabitants of those pasts felt for the protection and comfort afforded them by British laws, and British religion. The people of the other countries were as susceptible of this improvement as those who had already been civilized; and why should they set any bounds to British benevolence, and he would say to British jus tice, in performing so good a work ? Whatever might be the condUct of other countries, he trusted that we should continue to shew that we mere in earnest, by using all the means we could to put a stop to this detestable traffic. Our having been the foremost in pursuing it at one period, %rev only a reason why we should be more anxious to repair the injury we had done to Africa. There was no sub ject upon which public opinion was so Onanimocs, and there was nothing which every Englishman who had the heart of a man so much de.,ited, as the ac complishment of that work of benevolence, that had been so warmly begun. With such a cause he c•,uld not despair, and he earnestly hoped they ,humid con tinue their course, and overcome the'prejudices A hich at present opposed their progress. He trusted that his Majesty's Ministers would pursue it steadily, and exert their talents as they hitherto had done, in the enviable situation of receiving the support and thanks of all sides of the House, and of all parties. The Hon. Member concluded by moving— " Resolved, nem cox. That an humble Address be presented to his Majesty, to represent to his Majesty that the deep inte rest which this House has so long taken, and still continues to take in the abolition of the Slave Trade, has IYoI us to peruse, with no little solicitude, the Papers relative to that subject, which by his Majesty's commands were lately laid before us; nor could we forbear indulging a hope that his Majesty's re newed representations and remonstrances, would have at hook produced the desired effect of causing the various Governments by whese subjects the Slave Trade was still carried on, seriously to consider the rumerous and powerful obligations under which they lay, to co-operate with . his Majesty, heartily and efficiently, in order to put an end for ever to this enormous evil. " But we have learned with grief and shame, that with very few exceptions, every hope of this nature has been altogether frustrated, a nd :hat we are still compelled to witness the strang e and humiliating spectacle of practices which are acknooleeiged to be mode up of wickedness and cruelty by the very Gevern ments whose subjects are nevertheless carrying them on, upea a great and continually increasing scale. " That we observe, however, with satisfaction, that tie power ful reasoning and continued expostulations of his Majesty's Go vernment, enforced by the strong and persevering remonstrances of his Majesty's Ambassador at the Court of the Netherlands, have at length produced an admission of the just construction of the Treaty with that Power. • " That we are glad to see that some of the abuses have been corrected which had prevailed in the conduct of the Court of mixed jurisdiction at Sierra Leone, but that experience has proved the necessity of altering that provision, which renders it necessary for the slaves to have been actually on shipboard to justify the condemnation of the vessel, and of allowing due weight to be given to that decisive proof of the object of the voyage, which is afforded by the peculiar mod; of fitting and equipping slave vessels. " That it is some alley/lotion of the pain produced by the al most uniform tenour of these distressing accounts, to learn that the Cortes of Spain has subjected all who should be found con cerned in Slave-trading, to a severe and infamous punishment; and that, with this evidence of a just estimate of the guilt of the crime, we cannot but hope that they will not rest satisfied with a legal prohibition, but that they will provide the requisite means for carrying their law into execution. " That we find with concern that the vessels of Portugal, so far from gradually retiring from the trade, have been carrying it on with increased activity, more especially on that very part of the coast which is to the North of the Liue, in direct violatioa of the Treaty by which she had stipulated to confine bet trade/ to the South of it. " That we cannot but cherish the hope that the new Govern ment of Portugal will manifest a warmer zeal for enforcing a Treaty which every law, divine or human, binds her to observe; that we have observed, with no little pleasure, the zeal for the abolition of the Slave Trade that has been tuanifested by the Commanders of the ships of war of the United States of America, employed on the coast of Africa, and the disposition they have shewu to co-operate with the Officers of his Majesty's Navy for their common object; bet that we are concerned to perceive in the American Government no disposition to give up the objec tions it formerly urged against the establishment of a mutual right of examining each other's ships on the coast of Africa; that we had hoped that the powerful arguments used by a Committee of the House of Representatives in favour of this arrangement would have their just weight, more especially that, which points out the difference, or rather contrariety, between this conventional And qualified system and the right of searchiug neutral vessels, without any previous treaty, as claimed and practised in war. Above all, that the consideration so stronoly enforced, that it is only by the establishment of sonic such sys tem that the trade can ever be effectually abolished, would have induced the American Government to consent to it, when the object in question involves the rights and happiness of so large a portion of our fellow-creatures. "'That with the deepest concern we find, as lit the last year, vessels under the French flag trading for slaves along the whole extent of the coast of Africa, at home and abroad. Proposals are circulated for Slave-trading voyages, inviting the smallest capitols, and tempting adventurers by the hopes of enormous profits. That the few ships of war of that country stationed in Africa offer nu material obstruction to the trade, nor do the Go vernors of her Colonies appear to he more active. And all this while the French 'Government reprobates the traffic in the ittongesttionis, and declares that it is using its utmost efforts fur the prestention of - to great en evil. "That it is deeply to be regretted that a Government whielt has been generally regarded as tinthent for its efficiency, should here alone find its efforts so entirely paralyzed. 1 hat meanwhile we can only continue to lament that a gieat and gallant nation, eminently favoured by Pavements wish natural advantages, and among the very foremost in all the distinctions acid enjoyments of civilized life, should thus, on its restoration to the blessiugs of peace, and to the government oaf its legithnote Senrereigo, ap pear, iu fact, to be the chief ogent in blasting the opaline pro 1:1 1. WI ne, thi vic ri P tl