Star. — London, England, 1823-04-15 00:00:00

(0 1 00LLI A4 11 " 10 1T - Are 1,23. " in lffnizcr. 3 both I oipts:tj the present nes' Mott in.-Ituglaui.'• e other then icc h reasonable fa t u k , a retteaf wit hr 4 'f their plans, tzi :e r Spanish (hu e% not lead them 6 4 vie hopeft Of r ift wren thiseitus kt , would be wa her our ktopo upt rt affret the 4, 4 rd Spain. TAM ar, that the he exchisktei sitliberatiOn lf t cr the presettto that Spain sbe A , re could submit% eat to its polity, R. SCIIRET Alt r 2.5, 1823- tith a leatling ,s reasons not nun igton's sagges t :ts of the Connie o consideration ti such a prooeeda k ce ut the tlaiaget t , was the inevitabk itution ; but adder ,1 the question, t 1 .4 10, but to await 'tit :uart to Mr. Seat. 23, which relates a :1(1 with M. Jr Cka. spee.:h, a nd ps Constitl:rion. MR. SEC2LT.IIII 1. 13. h January, 1823. les from M. de Cta ) be read to M. Si at after the fruitier i:temal Power Fitzroy Soment not left Paris sere 'hen the French di, :..)vernment to hue ne of greater mod) :ri:went of his N., Mini-ter front Ws iintenance of pea:e tt of r lacing birmel ire : and that if tr.:Mom, and pl ii co advance to tie ith him, a firm aid the two countries rance and Spain t of France be pl ais Catholic Majesty to Spain the preci. ;itution ; but In oric , ng intentionally le. e will not renew hr system be establishe King. assuring cges of the Monarch rd in favour of ever: from the promnlgs to present period. A'Costrt to Mr. St 4, 1823. It states " he broke out ins the French Gowen is inevitable : he nib onstitution emanate 'ereignty than thud tg, in which his Ms and that these seta. he Answerwhiel ht pain was prepared? uld find that the WV g than she seemed a 0 MR. SECRICALI VARY - , February 79 1 5 95 . sbriand's statement of Lent of amicable rdi emely •ague, that la anish GOVerftMeitt, if icessions which woad he will not low sight ment in his power: of the shutting up of the Spanish Minister as, there was neither a istry to be changed a , ose their adoption, till nd that, had any hopes might depend u pon u :onversation , M• Sam e evident acknowle4lF lent French interest 1 , 1 he King of Fras,e.s to Mr. Secretarj Can. , February 21, Das, tonight peace might be ild engage at a Mutt 1, in the tneanwhik, King to bis 000 1 'jos, and go to symboling erablishment of JAWS r Ministry. • A`Court to Mr. Sects: 6, 1623, on the gib osed in the Coles, tot before the entry of a fr. Secretary Catmint. -esses his regret at bit i d with respect to ibe act of pardon for se/ rms before the 14 di ,tion in favour of chess se confined may fel r ZVilliam A'Court tE r explanatory • • Charles swat to French• Minister 10 Ilan A'Court to .bruary 35, .18 Miguel, foe the psl2l oo articles respecting. # :eyed, that the Bsidst ision, u suppos.ing tin be a much easter dill tern ' acid to re-t st ab. n the most insig,P44lo it AS the most 410 1. t art in it, Wand Alone.eoull stet remsla a,pasiilve spectator -or juT mien be its results." Na , 40, 41, and as,—From Sir William A'Court to Mii .secraw yommiss.Asplanatory. • • ssORETART CANNING TO SIR CHARLP • ,110; • • • 'STUART. Fgcsi Mee ' -March 31, 1823. l'ise hopes of an , accomm odation between . , and Spain, which his Majesty has so long b e en encouraged to cheriih in despite iof all unfa vourable appearances, being now unhappily extin %lanai, I am commanded by his Majesty to address se year Excellency, for the purpose of being com municated to the French Minister, the following ex planation Of the sentiments of your Government upon t he . present posture of affairs between those two liagdoms. Tie King has exhausted his endeavours to preserve the pace Of Europe. The question of an interference in the internal con cerns of Spain, on account of the troubles and dis 'tractions which have for same time prevailed in that kingdom; was not one on which his Majesty could, for himself, entertain a moment's hesitation. If his Mainsty's Plenipotentiary at Verona did not decline ta king part in the deliberations of the Allied Cabinets upon that question, it was because his Majesty owed to his Allies; upon that as upon every other subject, a sincere declaration of his opinions; and because he hoped that a friendly and unreserved communication might tend to the preservation of general peace. 'The nature of the apprehensions which had in duced the King of France to assemble an army, within his own frontiel, upon the borders of Spain, bad been indicated, in the first instance, by the desig nation of the " Cordon Sanitaire." The change of that designation to that of an " Army of Ob,erva tion" (winch took place in the month of S±otemher last) did not appear to his Majesty to imply mat c than that the defensive system originally opposed to the contagion of physical disease, would be continued against the possible inconvenienciei, moral or politi cal, which might arise to France, from a civil contest raging in a country separated from the French terri tory only by a conventional line of demarcation.— The dangers naturally incident to an unrestrained in tercourse between two countries so situated towards each other—the dangers of political intrigue, or of occasional violation of territory, might sufficiently justify preparations of military defence. Such was the state of things between France and Spain at the opening of the Congress at Verona. The 'propositions brought forward by the French Pleni potentiary in the conferences of the Allied Cabinets were founded on this state of things. Those propo sitions did not relate to any project of carrying at tack into the heart of the Spanish Monarchy,-but were in the nature of inquiries: -Ist, What counte nance France might expect to receive from the Allies if she should find herself under the necessity of break ing off diplomatic intercourse with the Court of Ma drid? and, 2dly, What assistance, in supposed cases of outrage to be committed, or of violence to be me naced by Spain? These cases were all contingent and precautionary. The Answers of the three Con tinental Powers were of a correspondent character. The result of the discussions at 'Verona, was a de termination of his Majesty's allies, the Emperors of Austria and Russia and the King of Prussia:-Ist. To make known to the Cabinet of Madrid, through their respective Ministers at that Court, their senti ments upon the necessity of a change in the present system of the Spanish Government ; and, in the event of an unsatisfactory answer to that communication, to recall their respective Ministers ; and to break off all diplomatic intercourse with Spain. .2ndly. To make common cause with France against Spain, in certain cases ; cases, as has been already observed, altogether contingent and precautionary. His Majesty's Plenipotentiary declined concurring in these measures ; not only because he was unautho rized to pledge the faith of his Government to any hypothetical engagement, but because his Govern ment had, from the month of April, 1820, uniformly recommended to the Powers of the Alliance, to•ab stain from all interference in the internal affairs of Spain; and because, having been from the same pe riod, entirely unacquainted with whatever transac tions aright have taken place between France and Spaim'his Government could not judge on what grounds the Cabinet of the Tuilleries meditated a possible discontinuance of diplomatic relations with the Court of Madrid ; or on what grounds they ap prehended an occurrence, apparently so improbable, as aommencement of hostilities against France by Spain. Ko proof was produced to his Majesty's Plenipo, tentiary of the existence of any design on the part of the Spanish Government, to invade tire territory of France; of any attempt to introduce disaffection among her soldiery; or of any project to undermine bet political institutions : and so long as the struggles PAd.disturbances of Spain should be confined within the circle of her own territory, they could not be ad mitted by the British Government to afford any. plea for foreign interference. If the end of the last, and the beginning of the present Century saw all Europe com bined against France, it was not on account of the in ternal changes which France thought necessary for her own political and civil reformation; but because **Attempted to propagate, first her principles, and afterwards her dominion, by the sword. Impossible as it was for his Majesty to be party to the measures concerted at Verona with respect to SPIN his Majesty's Plenipotentiary declared, that tbdritishGovernment could only endeavour, through his Majesty's Minister at theCour t of the Catholic King, "to allay the ferment which those measures might oc- Ilion at Madrid, and to do all the good in his power." Up to this period no communication had taken Ace between his Majesty and the Court of Madrid, as to the discussions at Verona. But about the time of the arrival of his Majesty's Plenipotentiary, on his Man from Verona, at Paris, Spain expressed a de ire for the a friendly interposition" of his Majesty, 10 avert the calamities of war. Spain distinctly li nked this desire to the employment of such " good °km," on the part of Great Britain, as would not be ammesistent with " the most strictly conceived system ef ue tr u ai ny. Nor has any period occurred, through eft the whole of the intercourse of the British lio /etutnent with Spain, at which the Spanish Govern aaatmt has been for one moment led, by that of Great °main, to believe, that the policy of Iris Majesty, in * contest between France a nd Spain, would be other than neutral. . . In pursuance of this regotst, and of his previous adoration at Verona, his Majesty's Pltnipotentiary at we should not dorr could be so blistd. AP! other VoWoo.lool leteiv . ed instruct:Wit Patii; • mit G9T k el7n iag ine4li this offei thi , e th ireir e B or riti G lh st I‘ o aleit vermn Y'll ent . • from motives of expediency, as well is fro • deratlons of justice, the employment 'towards of a language of reproach or of intinsidatiom- TNT represented as matter of ne light moment the first breach, by whatever Power, of that general pacific settlement which h a d b een so recently established, and at the cost of so many sufferings and sacrifices to all nations. Nor did they disguise from the French Government, the anxiety with which they looked for ward to all the possible issues of a new war in Europe, if once begun. In addition to suggestions such as these, the Bri tish Government endeavoured to learn from the Ca binet of the Tuilleries, the nature and amount of the specific grievances, of which his Most Christian Ma jesty complained, against Spain; and of such spe cific measures of redress or conciliation on the part of Spain, as would arrest the progress of his Most Christian Majesty's warlike preparations. The French Government declined the formal me diation of his Majesty; alleging, in substance, that the necessity of its warlike preparations was founded, not so much upon any direct cause of complaint against Spain, which might be susceptible of accu rate specification and of practical adjustment, as upon the general position in which the two Kingdoms found themselves placed towards each other ;—upon the effect which all that was passing and had been for some time passing in Spain, produced upon t'ae peace and tranquillity of his Most Christian Majesty's dominions ;—upon the burdensomeness of that defen sive armament which France had thought herself obliged to :establish on her frontier towards Spain, and %, hich was alike inconvenient to her to maintain, or, 'without some change of 'circumstances which would justify such change of counsel, to withdraw ; —upon a state of things, in short, which it was easier' to understand than to define; but which, taken alto. gether, was so intolerable to France, that open hos tility would be far preferable to it.—War would at least have a tendency to some conclusion ; whereas the existing state'of the relations between France arid Spain might continue for an indefinite time increas ing every day- the diffieulties of Spain, and propa gating disquietude and alarm throughout the French Army and Nation. • • But although his Most Christian Majesty's Govern ment declined on these grounds, a formal mediatfon, they prolessed an earnest desire -for peace, and ac- , cepted his Majesty's'" good offices"Lwith Spain for that object. Contemplating all the mischiefs which war might inflict upon France, and through-France ultimately, perhaps, upon all Europe ;• and - which it - must inflict, more immediately and inevitably, upon . Spain, whose internal animosities and agitations a foreign war could not but exasperate and prolong—the . British Government was deeply impressed with the necessity of peace for both kingdoms ; and resolved, therefore, whether invested Or not with the formal character of mediator, to make every effort, and to avail itself of every chance, fur the prevention' of hostilities. The question was now become a question simply and en tirely between Spain and France ; and .the practical point of inquiry, was not so much hOw the relations of those two Governments had been brought into' their present awkward complication ; as how that complication. could be solved, without recourse to arms, and an amicable adjustment produced, through' mutual explanation and concession. Nothing could have induced his Majesty to sagged to the Spanish Nation a revision of its political institpt- Lions, as the price of his Majesty's friendship. Bee Spaniards, of all parties and descriptions, admitted some modifications of the Constitution of 1812 tole indispensably necessary; and if in such a crisis as' that in which Spain now found herself—distracted at once by the miseries of civil war, and by the ap. l prehension of foreign invasion—the adoptien of mo difications, so admitted to be desirable in themselves, might afford a prospect of composing her internal dissensions, and might at the same time furnish to the French Government a motive for withdrawing from the menacing position which it had assumed towards Spain, the British Government felt that no scruple of delicacy or fear of misconstruction ought to restrain them from avowing an earnest wish that the Spaniards could prevail upon themselves to con sider of such modifications, or at least to declare their disposition to consider of them hereafter. -It is useless now to discuss what might have been the result of his -Majesty's anxious endeavours to . bring about an accommodation between France and Spain, if nothing had occurred to interrupt their pro gress. Whatever might be the indisposition of the Spanish Government to take the first step towards such an accommodation, it cannot be disguised, that the principles avowed and the pretensions put forward by the French Government, in the Speech from the Throne at the opening of the Chambers at Paris, created new obstacles to the success of friendly inter vention. The communication of that speech to the British Government was accompanied, indeed, with renewed assurances of the pacific disposition of France; and the French Ministers adopted a construction if the passage most likely to create an unfavourable im pression in Spain, which gripped it of a part of its objectionable character. But all the attempts of the British Government to give effect at Madrid to such assurances and explanations, proved unavailing. The hopes of success became gradually fainter : and have now- vanished altogether. It remains only to describe the conduct which it is his Majesty's desire and intention to observe, in a conflict between two nations, to each of whom his Majesty is bound by the ties of amity and alliance. The repeated disavowal, by his Most Christian Majesty's Government, of all views of ambition and aggrandisement, forbids the suspicion of any design on the part of France, to establish a permanent mili tary occupation of Spain ; or to force his Catholic Majesty into any measures derogatory to the inde pendence of his Crown or to his existing relations with other Powers. The repeated assurance which his Majesty has re ceived, of the determination of France to respect the dominions of his Most Faithful Majesty, relieve his Majesty from any apprehension of being called upon to fulfil the obligations of that intimate defensite connection which has so long subsisted between die Crowns of Great Britain and Portugal. With respect to the Provinces in America, which have thrown off their allegiance to the Crown of PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. HOUSE OF LORDS, APRIL 14. • St.veral Petitions were presented against the Insolvent Debtors' Act, and against further concessions to the Roman Catholics ; and one from Dr. nig!more, praying for a better regulation of the Ecclesiastical Duties of Clergymen. • FRANCE AND SPAIN. The Earl of LIVERPOOL.—In obedience to the command of his Majesty, I rise, my Lords, to lay before your Lordships the Papers relating to the ne gociations recently carried on, on the part of this Government, at Verona, at Paris, and at Madrid. The Papers which will be delivered to your Lordships in the course of the evening, will of course speak for themselves as to the line of policy adopted by his Majesty's Government in the negotiations to which they relate; but it is essential to a right understand ing of that line of policy that an ex?lanation should be given of the views and intentions of the Govern. ment, in order that your Lordships may be fully in possession of the whole case. The negotiations, my Lords, to which these Papers relate, commenced in the last summer at Verona, and were subsequently continued at Paris and Verona. Previously, how leer, to entering into the detail of these negotiations, it-is necessary for me to.go back to a former period, for the purpose of explaining the situation of Spain. The Noble Lord then entered into a luininous expo sition of the affairs of Spain, from the establishment of the Constitution in 1812, the acceptance of it by -Ferdinand in 1814, advised by Sir Henry Wellesidy ; the determination of the king to act on other advice, and delaying for a period of six years to give the re presentative Constitution and limited Monarchy he lad promised. This led to the restoration of the Con• stitntion of the Cortes in 1820, and, said his Lordship, " Whatever objections there may be to this Consti tution thus re-established, there is nothing either in the Constitution, or in the mode of its re-establish ment, that can call for any interference on the part of foreign Powers. And with regard to the three Allied Powers, they undoubtedly can have no right to object to that Constitution, because from 181'2 to 1814, during which period that Constitution was, in operation, they solicited the friendship, the alliance, and co-operation of Spain in the great cause in which they were engaged, in connection with this country, for the restoration of the liberties of Europe. They, therefore, can have no legitimate ground of objection to that Constitution,which is precisely the same as that under the dominion of which they repeatedly sought the friendship, the alliance, and co operation of Spain." It was under this impresssion that the British Go vernment decidedly disapproved of any interference in the internal affairs of Spain, .nor was it thought that they would form a prominent topic of delibera tion at the Congress of Verona. It was, however, thought advisable that a Plenipotentiary should be sent to Verona to state the views of the British Go vernment. In consequence of the death of his Noble Friend, the Secretary of State for Foreign AffairOlie Duke of Wellington was selected for the mission.— The Right Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Canning) who had succeeded to the Foreign Department, in consequence wrotean instruction to the Noble Duke, stating, on the part of his Majesty's Government; with reference to any interference on the part of Foreign Powers in the, internal affairs of Spain, that "so objectionable does it:appear to them in principle, as well as utterly im practicable in execution, that when the necessity arises, or (I would rather say) when the opportunity offers, I am to instruct your Grace at once frankly' and peremptorily to deflate, that to any such interference, come what may, his Majesty will not be a party."— His- Lordship then ably recapitulated the• remon strances of the Duke of Wellington at Verona, his answer to the:three questions proposed by the French Minister; the protest of his Grace against the con duct 'of the three Allied Powers in breaking off all diplomatic relations with Spain. When the nego tiations at Verona were terminated, his Majesty's Government became anxious to offer its mediation as to:the external question between France and Spain— the only question to which his Majesty's Govern ment was dispused to pay attention, his Majesty's Government being no party to the menace held out to the Spanish Government in the event of any.vio lence being offered to the King or Royal Family, or ofany change of dynasty, &c. and having strictly acted upon the determination not to interfere in any way with the internal affairs of Spain. This offer of mediation was declined by the. French Gover.p ment, but which, .at the sank time, espiessei its willingness to accept his Majesty's good offices with Spain, and professed in earnest desire for peace. Alluding to the prioriples each party demanded al the bases of negotiation; •the modification of• the Con stitution on one bide, and the withdra..ing of the Army of the Pyrennees 'on the other - ;• Iris I.srd,hip said, those who look to. the state of Spain shoald lout• also to the state of F.rance at the time, and no.man , - .4440i* and Abe Cantle of. nerds ippeiriliti" Jtal . *titan' iinyt bi ng kith •aubstatatialludecided theirsepaeation from theiteikee' the army could hate been at tea: copntry ; although the format' recognition of those son. Neither 1,. nor any mon I ingietreasithili tem*. Provinces, as . Independent States, by his Majesty, lay, would advice that Spain Omelet 'elk up one may be bastened Or 'retarded by carious external cir- atom of her Constitution or system whith its ntikeV• cumstaeces. as well as by the more or less satisfac- Miry for her own protection; but we littotra ftot. tory progress, i n ea ch St a te, to war d s it and only that the Constitution bad defects; but defects or settled form of Governments Spain has long been such a natuiertsrenctered somemodificatianneeesiary: apprised of his Majesty's opinions upon this subject. We had also to take into considerationthit thett was Disclaiming,. in the most solemn manner, any inten- a civil war then raging. in Spain ; Old having been tion of apropriating to himself the smallest portion of called upon by Spain to interpose, we had a tight td the late Spanish possessions in America, his Majesty ; a.k h:it means she possessed of resisting the power is satisfied that no attempt will be made by France to of Fiance, if it should be brought to act against her ? bring unde r her dominion any of those possessions, Every person, at all acquaimed with Spatni'is aware either by conquest or by cessian, from Spain. that a great portion of her territory is open to inva- This frank explanation upon the points on which, sion ; therefote, if war should commence, though she perhaps, alone the possibility of any collision of might he ultimately safe, asthe was in the'last wars, France with Great Britain can be apprehended in a it must be a safety put - Chased-by great sacrifices; her war between France and Spain, your Excellency will fairest pros incet•mtist be' overrun and pillaged—tor represent to M. de Chateaubriand, as dictated by an it is absurd to maintain that pitritdei.will.not be the eranest desire to be enabled to preserve, , in that war, effect of war, whatever proclamatiOnt may say to the a strict and undeviating neutrality ; a neutrality not contrary ( Hear I hear! hear! front the Opposition). liable to alteration towards either party, so long as The offer of personal mediation on the _part of the the honour and just interests of Great Britain are Duke of Wellington, through Lord F. Somerset, and equally respected by both. the hope that peace wourd be *preserved, up to the I am commanded, in conclusion, to direct your time of the King. of France's . Speech, were next no- Excellency to declare to the French Minister, that his tired, 'hod his Lordship then proceeded to vindicate Majesty will be at all times ready to renew the inter- the policy of the British Government in the whole of position of his good offices, for the purpose of ter- these negociations, that of strict neutrality, and re minating those hostilities, which his Majesty has-so furred to the documents as a proof, not only that anxiously,although ineffectually.endeavoured to avert. from the beginning of the transactions we openly —I afil. &c. (Signed) GRORGE CANNING. avowed it to Spain, but that she so understood it. Rb Excellency the Rt. lion. Sir Charles Stuort, G.C.B. Ile would here repeat what he had said on former acc. acc. &c. occasions, that if the lionouror Intel ests of the cour - try should require it, he would ;save no difficulty in finding the means of cat ry ing it on. But after a war of unexampled duration and calamity, and when we found our commerce and manufactures flourishing in a way which they had never done before, and our agriculture recovering from its depression, it would not have been politic to - have thrown these advan tages into the handsaif other nations. But, said his Lordship, in the nett place, I ask what is the nature of the war in which you must embark, if such was to be the determination ? Let no man suppose that sending out a fleet or granting a subsidy would be sufficient. If you embark with Spain. in this contest, you must embolic, as you did before, with all your power and with all your means. " Toto certanduns est corpore Regni." The first brigade you send into Spain will bring the whole war upon your own shoul ders; and a war carried on in Spain will be four times more expensive than in any other country in Europe. You must prepare, not for an ordinary war, not for a maritime war, but for st:War in which you must embark the whole enetgy of the country.. Jo the former case, when we embarked with Spain, Spain was not the object but the territory of war—Europe was the object; it was the battle of Europe that was fought within the Spanish Empire. Besides, let me ask, what was the state of Spain herself at that mo ment? It was then a united country from one end to the other. And how is it at present ? Spain is now divided ; nor is it that sort of division in whiehall the active spirits are upon the same side. There is enthu siasm, but it is an enthusiasm exhibited biroppo site parties. You have priests and peasants war ring against merchants and shopkeepers: if there is the fanaticism of liberty on one side, there is also the fanaticism of religion on the other-,(llear). Should you now embark in the war with Spain, it cannot be merely for the purpose of driving the French out of that country—you must assist one half the natives to drive out the other half. We know that this war is unpopular in France—it is unpopular among the commercial interests—and, I believe, it is not popular even among the army ; for whatever success may attend it, there is little or no glory to'be derived from the result. But let me ask any one, does he believe, that if this country should once in terfere in a hostile shape, the Spanish war would not then merge in the English war? Would any man re commend to have made a menace, unless he was per. fectly prepared to support that menace,ifunsuccessful, by war ? There is a curious instance of precipitancy its the history of this country,which I cannot forbear from mentioning on this occasion. In the year 1739, the Government of England was forced by the intem perance of parties into a war with Spain. The two Houses of Parliament came to an unanimous Resolu tion that clime should be no peace till the right o f search was conceded. In some time after, a war broke out with France; then the war with Spain was for gotten, it merged in that of France; and the Resolutions which the two Houses had Made were fiargotten also. We are all agreed that the object of France in Spain is impracticable, unless the great mass of the people are in their favour. . Now, if it is impracticable, why should we intei fere at all ; and if it is practicable, why should we contend against the wishes of the majority? there is no claim of hon Our upon this country to take part in the contest, and if so, I may be per mitted to ask whether her'essential interests will not be better promoted by neutrality ? never doubted for a moment that the first operations of France might he successful; but at the 'sometime I never thought that the success of those.operations would decide the fate of Spain, as that must depend altogether on the part which the people take in the struggle.— There are, as has been stated, possible events which might oblige England to interfere.—The • attack of Portugal has been instanced as one of them, but we have the strongest assist ances that the neutrality of that country shall be respected. If your, policy is to be that of neutrality, I hope it will be a candid, open neutrality, such as becomes the character of this na tion. 1 know net what contingencies may arise out of the war, but if such contingencies as have been mentioned should arise, then will - be, the time for Ministers to act, and for Parliament to support them in maintaining the national honour; but unless yon are determined to draw the sword and throw away the scabbard, you will observe a neutrality honest and effectual. I shall now conclUde with . moving, that the Papers which I have laid *On the fable be ' printed. The House will then seethe whole force ( 4 - the transaction, anti be satisfied that the Government of this country has done its duty to France, to Spain, and above all, to the king and people of this Empire. Earl G IRE Y , preferred entering into a thicoosiask 'without being sufficiently uiformed on the subject, to suitetiordmeNem e Lord's atatc/DICIIt to go forth tineuntradietelL Be v det Stible tei i tius Lord, bad failed in sheivibg that he had t a k en ste p s to porwinat, s . war as threatening to the general peace of as ant ttiac could he mentiosied—(llear,hear ! trim the ).-.-04 b .ii ad ted to this, anti 'tailed in a grreeattendecegreewhirattZl"iirgisb . gult the direct amid manly policy of ptir met-awn. 4ti Sus* bast been made un Spain without any pretence ; • V