Star. — London, England, 1831-04-01 00:00:00

~`. E~ LONDON. FRIDAY, APRIL 1. GOOD FRIDAY=—CIO . te Holiday. TO FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS. THE EVENING STAR. • s • In the Political Department of the STAR, its Readers are aware that due attention has been paid to the importance of the events pro rrevting on the CONTINENT. This Paper not only presents the spirit of the best French Journals; but the original observations of as intelligent Correspondent in Paris. The Revolutions in BEI.. NIL X, POLAND, ITALY, and SWITZERLAND, are events which crave so rapidly succeeded each other, that a Journalist has found it itifficult to make his arrangements keep pace, with his desire to gratify hi• readers, with the earliest information. These arrangements will not be neglected ; but, in the mean time, the conduetots of the STAR invite rstaLic MEN, in all countries, who desire that interesting facts and statements should, in an lINGARILED MANNZR, be laid before the British nation, to transmit the same to the STAR Office, London. They are particularly anxious to recei—e original communications from Poland; and also from Italy, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Prussia, and Austria, whether from English travellers or residents, or public-spirited natives. Hitherto the world has been hood-winked by Journals and Gazettes, published under arbitrary surveillance; but a genuine British Journal ought :o derive its information, as far as possible, from less suspicious sources ; and this it is the determination, of the conductors of the STAR, to effect as far as possible. A private letter from Barcelonnette, in the Upper Alps, I dated the 22d ultimo, states, that Prince CA RIGNAN-Of l whom a notice will be found in another department of this paper—has entered Savoy, at the head of four brigades of in fantry and cavalry. The same letter adds, that there is at Genoa about twenty-seven thousand men ; at Turin, twenty' Jive thousand ; and at Coni, three t4usand,—all under arms, and on the alert—arising from a gar of general insur rection, on the expected entrance of the French. Advices from Vienna of the 25th ult. received this day, speak thus : " Though our regiments were already for the most part complete, a new levy of 50,000 recruits has been ordered in the Austrian States." Our Readers recol lect that 48,000 have been already levied in Hungary, and 10,000 in the kingdom of Lombardy and Venice. " In every regiment of the line, the first battalion of the Landwehr (Militia) is now called in, to its first complement; and the second battalions are already being organised. In the cities •f Brunn, Prague, Vienna, and Gratz, 40 battalions of artillery, each battery consisting of six cannons, are pre paring : among them are two rocket batteries. Neverthe less, it is believed here, that peace will be preserved, and the armaments ordered by the Government are considered as necessary, to attain this object. M. DE RIBEAUPIERRE, formerly Russian Ambassador at Constantinople, has ar rived at Vienna." Files of the Diario Fluminence, Rio Janeiro paper, from the 16th to 25th Jan. are receivei this morning. These papers contain the continuation of the laws, relative to the finance and the expences of the several departments of the administration. Their Imperial Majesties were proceeding in their tour in the provinces, and were, on the 13th Jan. in the town of Barbacena. The contineptal intelligence supplied by the arrivals of this' morning, contains farther evidence that open war between France and Austria may be daily expected. In the extracts which we have made from the French journals, received by the Estafette, will be found paragraphs from the Moniteur, Le Temps, Journal des Debuts, and Courier Francais, all warlike—all taking it for granted, that if negociation will not induce the Austrians to withdraw from the re ♦olted districts of Italy, the French Government has determined to oppose such a direct infraction of the non-interventional contract, by recourse to the more potent reasoning of the sword. We insert, it will he seen, a paragraph from a Frankfort Paper, giving a most pitiable account of the Italian forces under General Zucci ; but the other paragraphs from Italy give a much more favourable account ; and no more faith is to be placed in the intelligence in the German Papers, on the affairs of Italy, than in the same papers on the affairs of Poland. They may, however, we presume, be believed in the statements they afford - of the warlike preparations of Austria. That Power has not crossed the Rubicon of non-intervention, without cal misting on a French war as the consequence. We are friends of peace from principle, and in that res- pact, admirers of the just forbearance of the French Govern. meat. Nations, however subject to philosophy, are liable to be the prey of ambitious and less scrupulous neighbours ; and such in all instances has been the fate of the Hindoos. We therefore proscribe offensive wars, but not defensive ones; and we consider those as defensive in any power, when its weaker allies are assailed. We think, therefore, that France has a justifiable cause of war, in defence of the Italian States against Austria, and of the Poles against Rusasia. All freemen are the allies of free France and if war be made on weak states by despots, because they are free, or will be so, it is in fact an attack on France. If, therefore, after the French Government has exhausted negotiation in vain, the despots choose to persevere, no war was ever more just, than that which France may be forced to wage, under such circumstances. If the despots are determined to provoke their fate, let them suffer the consequences of their pride and folly. England is hospitable, and there are Holyroods for all of them, provided they bring with them a sufficiency of their moveables. CLAUSEL is right in asserting, that if he marches, his first despatches will be from Milan. Aided by the people, and entering Italy as deliverers, there can be no doubt of the success of the French armies ; and, if necessary, the same would be the case in Saxcniy and Poland. So u LT, as Mi nister of War, will, like CARNOT, organize victory wherever the French armies appear; and if the French Generals organise flee Governments as results of victory, the peace of E.trope will this time be fixed for centuries. From Belgium, the intelligence, we are happy to observe, is more agreeable ; and that the judicious proclamation of the REGENT has had a tranquillising effect. The Prince of ORANGE has long been resident in Lon don, and not, as any be supposed, for purposes of pleasure*. If unable to influence the judicious ministers of this coun try, he would be able to give a certain character to the pro tocols of the ministers of the five powers—to correspond with greater facility with friends of his house in Belgium—and, above all, be able to ascertain the price of any London journals open to a bidding. His English journey was therefore not without objects ; and doubtless not without a certain degree of success. Ought we then to wonder at the abominable diatribes which appear in, at least, one of the London papers ; and in that paper, above all, which, in the opinion of the world, al ways had a price I The opinions expressed by that journal, probably since the conclusion of the bargain, are, we ven ture to affirm, confined in London—to it alone. England, generally, admires every act of the Belgic people, and of its well-inclined government ; and recognizes, with satisfaction, the virtuous patriot who has been placed by the voice of his country, at the head of the Belgic Councils. Of the Orange Plot, no doubt whatever exists. Its formation, and even its success, was announced in the very Journal which is the malicious organ of the disappointed faction. Doubtless the very Belgians, who so heroically rescued their country from the Congress of Vienna in August, have again rescued it from a plot hatched in London, and to be sustained by a purchased portion of the London Press. We have no objection to the Orange family as Stadholders of Holland, and as Dutchmen they have public and private virtues ; but the Belgians will never, if able to prevent it, permit any Dutchman to reign over them, and employ their resources for Dutch objects. It was an act of gross tyranny in the Congress to expect it ; and the insurrection in August, and the recent outrages against the Orange adherents, prove the feelings of the nations. Such ebulli tions give, however, no more an evidence of incapacity in the Belgic Government, than the riots in Hampshire were evidence of the incapacity of the Duke of WELLINGTON, and those in Edinburgh of the incapacity of Lord GREY. Some little intelligence from• Poland will be found among our other exclusive matter, but not of much interest.—Our next news from that scene of noble enterprise must, we consider, be of much importance. A letter which appeared in our first page yesterday, ex plained the martial courage and determined spirit of the Poles; but it is lamentable to discover, how that country is hermetically sealed against even volunteer aid. Silesia and Posnia under Prussia; and Moravia under Austria, separate it from France and Belgium. The brave and ex perienced Excelmans reached Warsaw as a fugi tive, and only by swimming a river ; but we re gard his arrival as equal to an accession of twenty thousand men to the Polish cause. Doubtless, Prussia had a delicate part to play ; but after the events of July, the KING should have given his subjects the long-promised Constitution, and have made common cause with France against the stern policy of Russia and Austria. The royal dynasties of Europe can only secure themselves by timely yielding to the invincible March of Intellect, and the blood less triumphs of the Printing Press. The Ministry have been greatly strengthened by the accession of that virtuous senator, Sir HENRY PA RN ELL, as Secretary at War. CITY, ONE O'CLOCK. This day, being Good Friday, is kept as a strict holiday in the City; the Stock Exchange and Royal Exchange are closed. The Bank of Ireland have notified to the merchants and traders of Dublin, that on and after the 30th, they mean to raise the rate of discount on commercial bills, from 4 per cent. to 5 per cent. per annum. The express from Paris this morning, brought the French 3 per cents. rather higher, 48f. 70c. The speech of Baron Louis in the Chamber is rather more pacific than that of Casimir Perrier ; still no positive con clusion can as yet be drawn, whether the answer from Aus tria will be pacific or not. At all events, we see that the French Government are In great alarm, owing to the im mense armies now drawing in on all sides round her; and she is doing all in her power to negociate for a general disarming. His MAJESTY will hold a levee every Wednesday (as originally announced) after the 13th of April. The French Ambassador had a long conference with• Vi scount Palmerston yesterday, at the Foreign Office. The Chancellor of the Exchequer left town at an early hour yesterday morning for his seat in Yorkshire. The Right Hon. Charles Grant entertained the Cabinet Ministers at dinner for the first time, at his new residence, in Great George-street, on Wednesday evening. Most of the Cabinet Ministers were present. Wednesday the Lord Mayor gave a splendid entertain ment to the merchants and bankers who accompanied him to present to his Majesty the address of the great body of merchants and bankers of the City of London, in favour of the ministerial measure of reform. The Duchess of Glocester and the Princess Sophia visited the Duchess of Cumberland yesterday, at her residence in the King's Palace, St. James's. Prince Esterhazy, and great numbers of the nobility and gentry, called yesterday, to make their enquiries after the Royal Duchess. The accounts of the riots in the Scottish metropolis, against the anti-reformers, were exclusively in the STAB, of last night; and it affords us infinite satisfaction to observe, that illuminations have been general in other great towns of Scotland. Whenever the illuminations are fixed in London, we hope there will be greater accord ; and that if any are hardy enough to invite a breach of the peace, that the true friends of reform will not be moved to break it. Illuminations should be spontaneous, or they do not testify anything. The Common Council yesterday, on the motion of Mr. Alderman VENABLZS, supported by Alderman WAITHMAN, voted the freedom of the city to Lord Join; Russzu., to be presented in a gold box, value 100 guineas. Some oppo sition was attempted by Mr. Richardson and Alderman Fare brother, but repelled with indignation by the whole Court. We regret that the compliment was not extended to Earl GREY, as the father of the plan. A letter from Mr. Burge to Lord Godericb, upon the sub ject of slave manumission in Jamaica, has just been laid be fore parliament; by which it appears that from the year 1817 to 1826, the total number of manumissions granted was 4,782, of which, 1,951 were paid for, and 2,831 were gratuitous. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.-EXCLUSIVE. FOR THE STAR. FRANCE. PA KIS, MARCH 31.—A Prefect who presented himself; yesterday at the house of the Minister of the Interior, without having first asked leave to come to Paris, could not obtain an audience. All functionaries will understand that in the present situation of affairs, it is an imperious duty for them to remain at their posts.—Moniteur. The Moniteur has already given an account of the review which took place in the Champ de Mars on Sunday last ; but since yesterday the Government has reflected upon the consequences of the entry of the Austrians in Bologna; and diplomacy at last feels that it is time to take a high tone.— The speech of M. Perier at the Chamber of Deputies in the sitting of the 28th, was much more warlike than all the ha rangues pronounced up to that day, and yesterday the Moniteur, returning to theceremony of Sunday, made a nar rative, in a style very warlike. The following are the most striking passages of that article, which, in the present cir cumstances, merit to be read with attention :—" The day of the 27th was appointed for one of the most solemn military spectacles: the 'delivering the flags to the troops. — What grave thoughts arose at these rallying signs around which will probably be decided the destinies of the country ! What generous sentiments were awakened by the oaths of the warriors who have just sworn to die for its defence. Nine' regiments of infantry, eleven regiments of cavalry, eight batteries of artillery, and two companies of sappers, to which were united six battalions and a squadron of the National Guard, contributed to this ceremony. The interior of the Champ-de-Mars presented the most imposing attitude. At the left, was seen dense masses of infantry bristling with bayonets; at the right, long lines of cuirassiers which formed walls of iron ; the sparkling helmets of the dragoons, the streamers of the lancers, brilliant squadrons of chas seurs and hussars. The banks were covered by an im- mense population : a part who could not find room were obliged to station themselves upon the side of the Seine. —The rational guard shewed that regularity and that dis cipline, which has caused them to be for a long time the admiration of their countrymen and foreigners. The infantry afterwards defiled, with an ease and confidence which only belongs to old troops : with that vivacity which characterises the French youth, and which presage victories. In passing before the King, before his beautiful and numerous family, the soldiers waved their hands, brandished their sabres, and made the air resound with the most lively acclamations. The enthusiasm reached the citizens, who, forcing aside the , harriers, precipitated themselves in the Champ-de-Mars nearly upon the columns, to admire nearer the brilliant uni forms, the martial assurance, and the perfect instruction of these fine troops. An air of satisfaction reigned upon all countenances, and numerous eulogiums emanated from the bosoms of all the groups of citizens." Various explanations have been given respecting the ex traordinary fall in the funds which took place this day. The probable cause is, according to us, the fear of war, which preoccupies all minds ; and which the discourse made so unexpectedly by the President of the Council, appears to have justified. Nevertheless, this evening the excitation seems already calmed by the assurance given at the Cham ber by a Minister, that the diplomatic note of our Govern ment, on the subject of the occupation of Bologna was re ceived with deference ; it appears, moreover, that indepen dent of these negociations, and whatever may be the event, the affairs cf Italy are not so much compromised as has been thought. They write us, that after having attempted all the means of resistance, defences will he fixed in the strongest positions of the Appenines ; and that the National Government will be transferred to Ancona, and, if it were necessary, go from thence into the ranks of the army. Whatever may have been said to-day at the Chamber, by an illustrious General, France has promised nothing to the Italian revolution ; but a country like France must hold more than promises, it should realize all the noble hopes which it has given birth to. There is, nevertheless, a great difference between protecting the independence of nations, and putting France at the mercy of all commotion& ; and until this period, no other name can be given to the events which have taken place in Italy. The character of France is traced. She will claim, energeti cally, the accomplishment of treaties, and she will not retract before any consequences the principles which she has ad mitted ; and if war should be inevitable, if she is obliged to proceed in the glorious route which she volnntari!y closed since the fall of Napoleon, she can say with the chief of the I empire, at the rupture of the treaty of Amiens—" When they know all the moderation of our conduct, there is not a corner in Europe which will not give us approbation. In an age such as ours, where the enthusiasm is founded in some sort upon reason, victory is nearly already assured, to the cause which has on its side justice and good right. Our political situation, which the affairs of Belgium and Italy have so much complicated, has need of being searched into : that we will soon do."—Le Temps. The discourse pronounced yesterday in the Chamber by the President of the Council, abounds with wisdom and firmness. It is a noble reply to the party who accused the Minister, at his entry in office, of wishing for peace at any price. Behold, since, our glorious character in Belgium! the first circumstance where foreign intervention could wound our honour and our interest; Well! M. Casimir Perier has not hesitated to demand explanations ; and these explanations, supported by an army of 50 0 , 000 men, can not fail of being all for the • honour of those who demand them. There are some who think it would be better to commence negociating by cannon shot. Those will, without doubt, not think it sufficiently honour able for France, to cause the evacuation of Bo logna, by a simple threatening note ; they are so susceptible upon this point, that they would wish nations to send challenges first, to save explanations afterwards. A wise government, and which comprehends all its responsibility, sends first threats ; and afterwards, if need be, regiments. It places, by this method, right on its side ; it has for its reason, humanity ; things which in our opinion do not spoil a good cause, nor stifle the enthusiasms of a nation, when that enthusiasm is not the factious result at a system of terror. The entry of the Austrians into Bologna, is an attempt at the independence of Europe. In demanding of Austria an explanation upon this flagrant intervention, France takes the advance of the other cabinets, who are not so much in- terested in that power which exercised in Italy a right of propaganda, which belongs to no one, and which is not less odious under the flag of liberty, than under that of despotism. These explanations must be plain and precise ; they must not be waited for ; because, if it is not yet a case of war, it is already a point of honour, and M. Perier has promised us satisfaction. Let us wait then, and have confidence to ap preciate the character which France must play, with a minis try which it has courageously called to be the jealous de fender of her interests, and the wise and proud guardian of her power.—Journal des Debats. Until now, the government has lived upon illusions. We must not allow ourselves to be deceived, upon the character of the communication made yesterday by the president of the council ; whatever were the precautions with which it was pronounced—whatever the palliatives with which it was ac companied, it is war. We know that for more than a month, Austria has declared that she would intervene ; and that she liked better to run the chances of a war with France than to allow the revolution to extend in Italy. Cense_ quently, in spite of all we could say, the Austrians have en tered Bologna. A declaration, sufficiently supported imme. diately by facts, leaves us no longer in any doubt. The explanations which are demanded at this moment, can be re garded in no other light than as an affair of form ; they can have no other result than to render in a fortnight or three weeks, evidence for those who seek not to blind themselves, that the moment has already arrived for all men to rake things as they are. They will produce at least as mucheffect as the President of the Council, when he declared that our military demonstrations were a threatening posit ion Generally, when a person raises his voice to intimidate his adversary, without having the intention of going furzher, h e does not give him that warning.— Courrier Francais. staAnum, The Prince of Hesse Homberg, Federal Governor of Lux embourg, passed through Mayence on the 21st, in gre at haste to proceed to his poet. One may see in this precipi tate journey, the indication of an early occupation of the Grand Duchy by the troops of the Confederation.—La Quo. tidienne. By dint of provocations, the Journals of the Orangists of Ghent and Brussels have succeeded in exciting, in those tw•o cities, an irritation of which they have been the first victim.. The outrages exercised at Brussels, in the printing office of the Vrai Patriote, and at Ghent in that of the Messager. are already going too far; but it appears, from the corres pondence of Brussels, on the afternoon of the 27th, that they dreaded the greatest misfortunes. Already the peolle assembled about the prisons of the Petits-Carmes, where Colonel Borremans is confined, accused of having said, " that with his regiment of Chasseurs, he would bring back the Prince of Orange." It is said that the house of M. Mathieu, banker, also accused of Orangeism, is threatened ; and that it was feared that the civic guards and the troops were not sufficiently strong to repress the tumult. The Minister of the Interior has published a proclamation, wherein lie r romises prompt punishment to the guilty ; but the irritation is augmented by a proclamation of the Orange party, which has just been received from Ghent. They speak at Antwerp of an attempt having been made to engago the military chiefs, to pass over to the Prince of Orange, but without success. The Journal du Commerce of Ant werp, which has arrived this day, contains, according to custom, the most insulting article against the revolution ; it accompanies these with a threat of a combined inter vention of France and England, to re-establish the House of Orange. It appears that the intelligence of the recom mencement of hostilities was premature.—Journal du Com merce. Prows the Courrier des Pays has of Wednesday. BRUSSE LS. filsacu 29.—The disinclination of the authorities to punish tie agents of the discarded family, and who have openly endeavoured to effect a counter-revolution, is one of the principal causes of the disasters which have lately occurred. The clear, frank, and energetic prees. tnation of the Regent is calculated to restore confidence to the public.... Brussels ought never again to become the scene of such excesses ; rate property should be held sacred, and it is absolutely necessary that those who consider order and tranquility as the chief requisites, should not entertain any alarm for the peace of their families. The people had been terrified at the weakness and indecision of the Government; and, as in the days of December, they rose en maw against those whom they considered enemies to the independence and liberty of the country. PROCLAMATION PROM TIM REGENT Or MILGRIM TO THE INHABITANTS OF 11111.111 SILL " 'Men unworthy of the name of Belgians, or of that of citizens, haw given way to shameful excesses during yesterday and last night. " The Civic Guard has in vain employed persuasive means to queil the disturbance. " The moment has, therefore, arrived fur using public strength to stop the evil in the germ, and preserve our country and Brussels from the greatest misfmtunes. " But this will only be put in force in case of the last extremity. " NVo, however, to those who, after the notice read by the Magis trates, shall refuse to obey. " You, citizens of Brussels, should know that the union is not a thing on which you can stop to deliberate—it is, as regards you, a para mount and inexorable necessity. " What have you to fear if you be united ? The law arms you for your own defence. Protect each other. Be men, and every thing will soon return to its proper place. Be men—and, instead of losing time by useless regret and lamentation, extend one hand to your misled brothers, and place the other on the handles of your swords. (Signed) " E. SUILLIVE DE CIIOIIEIL a Brussels, March 28. n Yesterday the Belgian Association published the follot ing address to the people of Brussels: _ . :‘ Brave inhabitants of Brussels ! " We are men of the revolution deceived you. " For three days the Orange party hare given cause for appeeben. sion, but it was only necessary for you to show yourselves, in order to make them fly into concealment. " But do not tarnish your honour by abandoning yourselves to ex. ceases, which will have no other result that! giving your enemies tke right of accusing you. " The authorities have been attended to. They promise you to el. excise prompt and ample justice upon the traitors—they shall keep tidy word. us, because we have sewer " Therefore no mote vengeance ; let us continue the Belgians of Sep- tember, a generous and devoted people. Separate yourselves from thou whose object is pillage—be the first to point them out, and, like good citizens, return to the bosom of your families. " War to the King of Holland, but respect foe property ; maintain order, without which no real liberty can exist. " Brussels, March 28. (Signed) "F. Tieiemans, President ;A. Gendebien, Van Meenen, Vice Presidents; Walla and Bayer. Secretaries Lesbroussart, Ed. Ducpedaux, Levee, Blargnies, new:, P. Rodenbach, Ad. Bartels, General &udder, Lis Facqz, F. Fades, Treasurer. " Committee of the Belgian Auociatior." POLAND. The Courier of Berlin has brought no news from Poland to-day; but the Gazette d'Augsbourg, dated March 15, gives some details upon the state of the Russian army. Provisions were very dear upon the whole line. At the grand genera'. quarters of Sienica, a glass of brandy costa three francs. A Polish corps having attacked Gen. Gelman in his position of Warowna, was repulsed with considerable loss. The Polo showed, however, a rare courage. In the engagements be tween the advanced guard of Dwemicki, and the rear guard of Kreutz, some Hulans were observed to combat, corps to corps, with a fury without example. In equal numbers, the Polish cavalry had in general the advantage ; but the Run- Man infantry had a marked superiority. There nip great enthusiasm at Warsaw, amongst the men of the movement. A citizen has published that he will award a prize of 2,500 francs to whoever shall make Marshal Diebitscb prisoner ; and there is found in the army mos than one man who toes not despair of gaining it. It is sat Count Diebitech who has been named president of the king dom of Poland, as was announced by error in the Gazette d'Augsbourg. The Journal of Saint-Peteraburgh, which is official, digested under the auspices of Count Newel rode, says, in plain terms, in its 21st number: —" BY a Ukase of the 9 (21) February, the Emperor has named. President of the provisionary government of the kingdom of Poland, the present privy councillor, Engel, member of the council of the empire."—La Quotidienne. f I