Star. — London, England, 1817-02-24 00:00:00

•vw REIVR.IIMEETISG AT TILE FREEMASONS' TAVERN. On Saturday the Friends of Public Order, Re trenchment, and Reform, dined together at the Free masons' Tavern, Great Queen -street) WILLIAM Lucas, Esq. presided. Atter the health of the King was drank in silence, the Chairman gave that of the Prince Regent, with " May he never forget the principles which placed his Family on the Throne !"—(iffililartres.) " The Queen and Royal Family," were next drank. WILLIAM LUCAS, Esq, then addressed the Meeting, and, aster congratulating them on their respectabi lity, stated that there would be proposed to them a Declaration, expressive of their rintiments. Mr. Firths rose to move the Declaration, which, being read, was seconded by Mr. WlLLiaNts. • DECLMATION. Resolved, That this Meeting having seriously reviewed and considered the alarming situation to which this country has been reduced, by a lavish expenditure of the public money, and by an uncomroled and corrupt administration of public affairs; and be lieving that continued apathy and supineness on the part of the higher and middle orders of the commuulty, at such a moment, must ullutately engender distrust and violence In the minds sit the people, have eleternunel to promote, to the titme4 of our power,a CoNSTITUTIONAL Re/pall Or TYa COMMONS House or rAttLIAMIIKT, as the most effectual mean, of correcting those ab..ses of which the nation so justly complains, and of se coring that system of economy, moderation, and good govern ment, so essential to tire freedom, the tranquillity, and the hap piness of the country. " To the attamment . of this great object, a steady and media co operation among the real friends St ConstituttouskLiberty has become indispensably necessary • but this union can only be ac complished, or at least renderelefficient, by an unity of object, and by the mutual sacrifice of all subordinate considerations.' " Waving, therefore, the discussion of afl jartictdat tenets and details of oeform ; resisting Corruption on . the one band and Violence on the ether, this Meeting pledges itself to leave no legal and constitutional means unexertnii, for inducing the Legis Laura to take the gatemen of the people into its early and se. rictus consideration, and (by smendiug the state of the rep:wen *scion) to render the House of Commons, in fact ash is ut right, a control upon the Executive (3eri:n*4lmm, midair expreu image of tie &chop of the Ratite." The CHAIRMAN then put the Declaration to the • vote, when it war carried by acclamations. Sir FRANCIS DURDZTT TOSC, amidst the loud plau dits of the Meeting, and said, that as he should be obliged to leave the assembly soon, he took an early - opportunity to addteu them. He could not conceive • , it possible for any . man who wished Veil to the dense of Reform, to disagree with the Declaration-they had heard. As to thateause itself, he was, like St. Paul, 44 AS things to all men," and this from at OW. • ,notion, that, in the present state of things, it was the temper that became a wise man. He was satisfied that in our state of any, or rather no representation, any change was preferable to going on in the usual round ; in fact, he had much rather there was no House of Commons at all, and that the people of England were entrusted to the mercy of the Crown, than carry on an expensive machinery for no availa ble ends. The Crown doe at the present time no prone exercise its rights than the people theirs, so tint be was the truest friend of - the Sovereign and the peo pie who endeavoured to deliver both from the most hightfullyranny. But he felt no hesitation in saying, that the right of suffrage ought to be extended to the great bulk of the commonality of the Realm. lie disliked the epithets of " wild and visionary," as applied to the reformers; and he must protest against the division of the people into classes, as if we liveri under the despotism of the East, while every one knew that the people were every thing here, every thing but the House of Lords. They themselves were the people, and nothing else; the principles of the Cons•r•uticia were eternally and indifferently the same, a d if by a kind of courtesy they were divided into the wealthiest and poorest, the distinction was without a difference, the shadow of a shade. Power was, however, quite another thing; and wherever there was a standing army, and an unarmed popula tion, there was an enslaved country. But, still, if such a power was willing to give up something, be should say, as they said an cases of charity, that the smallest donations would , be thankfully received; o r al ere beggar.enough tp tank them for them. jie was fearful, at the sane time, that economy, would do them but little good, that Parliamentary . Reform must be looked to na 'the radical source of relief; and he hoped that Refoimets would in future discuss where they disagreed, leaving it to the Ministers and Oligarchists to abuse one another. They must take their stand at the Revolution of 1688; and resist all attempts, whether at present or in future, intended to subvert the Constitution of the country. The Hun. Baronet having concluded his speech, retired. The Declaratory Resolution was then carried, sues. The Chairman read a letter from Mr. Bruneham, apolnizin6 for the non-attendance of himself and Mr. Bennett, which was received with a mixture of applause and hissing.—" The Constitution, as ast• ; meted'in 1688," was then drank, with three times • ehree.—ed The Aried friend of rarliamentary Reform, ehenossourablT Thomas Brand," *as the next toast, With throe times three. . • • Mr.Baann returned thanks, and Coligratelated the meeelll'oa the unanimity •of sentiment which pre vailed in It. He said he was unfriendly to oniveral suffrage and annual Parliaments; he thought that both would ultimately strip the people of their rights, because they would produce an indifference on the part of the elector and the eleetedi which would suffer - the liberties of . the country to be incroached upon b ai k Monsrclirnho never chang es , and a Nobility which hereditary.. He expr essed his fervent hope that the Meeting would persevere it; their exertions for • Patlia mentary Reform; they would thus soon forma a circle, within the cireunsfetentir of which would be found every thing patriotic in the country, and which would form the strongest harrier against the misrule of the ministry and the anarelry of the people—( afhtlause.)". The health Of4ai..P . .iluadett was drank with tteren times the*t. ' Mr. WisHART mit t proposed the !width Of AC ch a i t elan, who,, tithough new to the &leo pcdis o ; had been the meaysi of concentrating the Friends of Oder and Reform in that place—drank with three *time* 1 - hree. ; - • Wribtast Lucas, Esq. returned thanks, and h ope d that. uuttvidistanding his disabilities, the cause oft Alimentary Reform had not suffered in his bands. The oast toast was—e‘ Mr. Weidman, and the Friends of Reform in the City of was drank witb three-times three. Mr. WAITRUAW said, he feared sidered as barely sufficient, id he turn his thanks on the occasion. barrassment On all public occasions, been accustomed to meet the • . difficulty now consisted in having as he could only concur in most he had heard. Here Mr. Waithman nature of the recent plots, couplin g precedent of 1795, and contended, cedeot had 'never been put in force, we mild not have apprehended the suspension of our librties now. The nest toast was 4 ' The Hon. Doglas 'laird, and the Friends of Reform in &mod." Mr. KINNAIRD returned thanks. and rid that be bad attended at the Meeting to witness tilt popular expression of sentiment which he could aver behold in Scotland, and surely that connuy cannot be , charged with intemperance if it sought Dr the pos session of that which England already enoyed. He lamented that Scotland was about to b included under the Act for the Suspension of se Habeas Corpus, innocent as she was of any criers save that of disloyalty to corruption and treason tc misrepre sentation —(Amlorre).—He was sorry to see that such a Bill was at all deemed necessary ;but he felt some consolation in thinking that such Menbers were in the House of Commons as Sir F. Bilden and Mi. Brand, to raise their voices against it ; who, it they cannot resist it, will contribute at least to have it received with infamy—( 4fryoure.) Tile next toast was—' , The Habeas Corpus Act, and Trial by Jury, and may these great bulwarks of the people's rights remain-fur ever unabaken." This tout was drank with three times three, and was fol lowed by frequent peals of applAuse. The next toast was, " Tie Right Honourable John Philpot.Curran, and the Friends of Reform in Ireland." Mr. CURRAN rose, and said that he felt himself in capable of giving language to his feelings of grati tude for the honour which had been just conferred upon him. "In suck a aituation," said the Right Honourable Gentleman, is perhaps it would best be come me to vemain silent and respectful; but when you have associated my humble name with that of a country which is very dear to my heart—a country over whose desolation I have mourned, to whose me mory I have shed some tears, and to whose charac tei I have made some sacrifices, I should be cold in-, deed if I did not thank you—(Ape/awe).—lt would be presumptuous in me attempt adding to the timents which have been uttered here tonight, and in language much better than I could clothe them in; but I cannot dissemble my delight at finding so much of the life-blood of the Constitution still flowing among you, giving to each that vigorous manliness which so well becomes the British 'character, and sending through the public heart that strong and healthy pulse which is so necessary to enable you to beat down the opposition of the powerful, and to withstand the apathy of the indifferent—almierne)— Would to Heaven that such a feeling existed in Ire land 1 To that ill-fated country my mind continu ally return.. I would speak of her merits and her sufferings, but of the dead seldom much is written, except upon the tomb. I cannot trust my heart or 'my lips with that bjeet; it is one upon which I cannot dwell for a Moment without pain and regret. Perhaps,' however, 1 may be- permitted to observe that you have ever-found us ardent, brave, indefati gable in assisting you to obtain all the objects of your ambition ; some of them, I fear, unwarrantable ob jects--(alleploare).—Whatever was to be won in the field, we have aided you, and successfully, in ac quiring it. We could not give you much, but we freely gave you all we had. Our was the widow's mite—not, however. flowing in the stinted stream of that humble contribution, but in torrents of human blood— (ott/darne).—ln a word, we gave you all that the =cities of fortune or the absurdities Of le gislation left us to give—(Ayslaare.)— Are then the Irish to be cherish.d only as useful to you in your wars? are they to be eternally fettered at home, and detained there until in a time of carnage you would let them slip like beastsof prey? and then when they have accomplished the mission upon which they have been sent, are they to be scot boon mutilated in their liber ties, as they are in their limbs, with 'starch binding their temples and chaias 'deeded en their hands ? You have found us brave—as to that. every man is brave in such circumstances: you have hound us loyal—and for that I take some credit. For 200 years there wan no disposition amongst us to outrage. It is, however, a great consolation to my mind that a spirit of mutual kindness and affection is rapidly rising between the two countries. lam delighted to find our cause attended to by an English Society.— For myself I have long loved you, and for my coon. try I thank you with all the sincerity of my beau.— (.apithque).—Before I sit down I shall take the betty df saying one word on Univareal Suffrage and Annual Parliaments: In the first place, I think that it would be indispensable to freedom that every elec tor should be capable of forming some idea of the capacity of the person on whom he would confer so important a trust as that of being his Repteseetative, and it is not likely if every person were empowered to vote, that this would be the case.—(Applatue).— My idea is; that every privilege should be confined within certain banks. If these banks be taken away, that which was before limited would exundate into an extent of surfaee shallow, feeble, and corrupt, where the angler, instead of fishing with a hook, would fish with a net.—(4o/awe).—ln truth, if Universal Suf frage were given, everyman would be crushed under the weight of his own privile ges . It certain, how ever, that at present the people are 'sot truly refire. seated. The privileges of the people I hold to be in. separable from the privileges of the Crown, and with a corrupt Parliamecit the King cannot be safe, nor tho people secure.—(Greet Amieuzi).--Ag a i n Amok you for your kind relsembrance of my collo .arpoind for the honour iithichlou have conferred on nriself.—(Aitftleass). . The he :sighs of Mr. Peter* and Mr. Williams. the mover eind seconder of 'the declaration, were then' drank: both returned' hanks in appropriate speeches. The CHAIMAN then gave the toast ei Civil and re. ligious liberty to all mankind," which was dot* with three times three, and followed with much applause. The Chairman, after this toast, left the Chair, and the company separated at belf.past ten o'cloik. of Loa ;" which e. •ed it w be con- e Were to re- He fe ach an- ions, lon as be had public s ; but his g nothin o oppose, Ist of th ntiments [man wet into the pling the* with the ed. that i that pre- PARLIAMENTARY BUSIAESS. Tuts Dot.—Ma& Rouses Bill, second tinse;.Court Of King's Bemis, seated dose; Coosiderition'of the Report of the Cour mitre, of Scatty; Repots of the Cormulttee of supply; Com mktei of Supply; Saving Banks RIP, second time; Commluee of Ways and Means; Lord Cochraue's Motion for Account of Mr. Jellkoes' Debt to the Public, and of Persons distrained for Payment of Assessed Tales; Mr. M. A. Taylor, Bill fur the ef fectual Repair of the Pavement. To-ssoaaow.—Sir M. W. Ridley, Address for reduction of the nontber of Lords of the Adotirahy. WZDNUUDAY.—Mr. BerAttt, Motion respecting the appoint ment of Mr. Herr n% on the Civil List Uitablisliment ; Sir E. Brydges, Bill to alter the Law of Parish Settlementt, in so far u relates to the right of Cow Pasturing; Mr. M. Fitzgerald, lii.l to exempt certain Persons In Ireland from Payount and Regulations concerning the Tithes of Fin ; Colonel Wood, Motion for Repeal of the Law winch prohibits the safe of Gantt, rich George 111. TMURIDAT.—Mr. Lambton, Motion respecting t►e Regula tion of the Offices of Paymaster ut the Forcis and Postmaster- GeneraL FIUDAT.-Sir KW. Ridley, Rill for the Regulation of Penal ties on using Hone Hides 'for certain purposes ; Mr. Ctliciaft, Cmunittee on Salt Duty Law. and inconveniences thereuf ; R. Heron, Committee to inqui re what reduction can be made in the Windsor Establishment. DROITS OF THE ADMIRALTY. An Official Account has been issued of the state of Droits arising to his MAJESTY, either in right of his Crown, or as Droits and Perquisites in his Of f ice of Admiralty ; and of the Appropriation thereof, from the 27th April, 1816, to the 14th February, 1817, inclusive. The total amount GI the receipts, including former balances, is £524,781. Ss. Sd. and out of this the sum of £145,525. 144. 10d. has been expended in different Payments, of which the follow• ing are the most remarkable : His Royal Highness the Duke of Ohmmeter The Earl of Effingham, Treasurer to her Ma jesty, to enable hint to discharge sundry Sills on account of the Marriage between the Prin cess Mary and the Duke of Gloucester 'ha Calvert, Esq. Secretary In the Office of the Lord Chamberlain of his Majesty's Home. hold, by way of impress, and upon account, to enable him to pay sundry Sills for Fstrokure for the Pavilion at Brighton, (being part of £50,000 appropriated to that service in 11116) "MO 10 1 George Harrison, Est. for Donation of his Royal • Highness the Prince Regent to the Poor of Spitatileitis 5,1100 0 0 The Imbue how in hand is £179,457: 9s. sd. leha 1e9,000 0 0 5,000 0• 0 .RETRANCHM2N7: The Statement of the Proceedings of the Tires snry, with respect to several Offices which were re• ferred to Mr. KTDIM, Lord 133N)11)10, and Mr. Srua- GU BOURN/. has been printed. These Gentimass meommeaded the abolidon of the aim and establishment of AIDJOTANT•GBINIIIRAL Or V UUUUU Stat. ikon their reeoransendanon the Treasury determined that the Mee 'lipoid be abolished, eaddse busindi be transferred to the War Off ace. 'lbis will prostate &sating of about £3,400. in the Aare' Minicar. Boasts they found that considerable reductions bad already been made, and they called the attention W the Treasury to the retrenchments that might be matt in the Medical Staff abroad. In consequence the number of Medical Staff have been reduced trout 349 to 354, and II sashes effected of about X 17,000 a-year, Mad' will be increased .1:11,000 alirar wore by the further reduction of di ()Meas. ' in tee POllll3ll DIMS TUKNT of the Wu Olds, they thought that piddle economy would be ben consulted by malutasuitig use establidutiest oa &scale adequate to the speediest endear= of the ensign aeasuns. Thy also stated, that there were different officers eonneated with this establishment, whose dudes had entirely ceased, and that the duty of the Agent for Virago Corps would of routes MOO when those corps should be disbanded. They also adverted to the office fur the payment of allowances to the widows and children of forelgoefikers, which would add exist tanbark shasid be thought right to muter the dray to the department of the Paymaster-General, to which they were nut aware of objection; and they also suggested, that an allowance of Ifota per annum to the same Officer. for nearniniog the anti. Acmes of the Conde= and Swiss anagrams, should also mese, if the payments of Mum persons *Wald be tuadertakea by the Frisch Government. In the ACCOUST BRANCI of the War-Ogee, the Treasury bad desired the Secretary of War to take an accurate review, of the atones establishment of his once, and to submit such per position lur its present reduction as alight appeir'practicablq. The COM111141 1 .10)111114 01 BARRACK ACCOOKI 7 II will be lefit= to dhoti their accotiati by Ludy-day, or at the latest by summer, when the establishment will be • abolished, said a saving of 4;oj° a 'ear effected Tbe edict of WIIIT INDIa COMMISSIONZIS to be reduced atter the ratters of the branch of the ogles employid In thy West India% The Committee noticed, that a vacancy had taken place moat the Commissioners which it had cot been deemed expedient Isw%Atarn Orrice bat been already reduced; the once of modest baying been suppressed, and the business of the elks conducted by Mr. Beckett, Under Secretary of State. 'fbe stupors of the Committee on this subject bas been istuniunicated to Lord Sidinouth. 'lbis Ake cost £9,336. 6s. t there has al ready been a saving of MO4I. PAITIMAPTIIII 01 EMIGI*NTS to be abolished, and the bust. WS to be managed by eoeVennentan. PRONIIITT TAZ LASD 1610111TER Orr e? pro posed to be abolished, and the bedewed the Land Tn Register Odke proposed to - be tranderred N• this Board of 'lazes. Re ductions .spouted at about ‘14,00!... INIVICT•1111.0A11$11AL GT l',asse.-arhs Treasary concurred la the reeummesdatim of the Cecuauksioners of 1 saes. by whkh a seduction of tfi0,779 alear would be dieted. COMAIIIIIIDNIAD Or Tali NAvr ADD VICTUAL. LING gIITABLIIIIMENT Bootto.—The Lurdi of the Admiralty bad already ordered the Dock-yards at Clibraltar, Antigua, Ma dras, and Bombay, to be reduced. They had discontinued seve ral issoldishmeow mod the Contains, thought that every reduction lad bees made. COMNIIIIIIONERS PON Tll ItSPOCTIOS Or TON NATIONAL Darr Dot to be redoeed. The elks of Secretary, bowever, will Roc be filled op in cue of opesoey. DLPUTT PATIMAIITRIWOINILIAL Ow FOICION tratteea— Armaments are making for abeabbisti these 011eer o and traai (erring' their duties to the Couboariat Officers. allentleAßT tN Cstar.—Tbifoillee abolished, and the busi ness so be under the superintendence of an Officer to be called the Principal Clerk of the Commissariat. The Commissariat also Deparunent Ms been ireatly reduced by the 'lmam y,. and tardier redactions are in progress. Swiranimarsi-Oamtaaes Orrice—No r et f uct i on mono uteaded i mach basin Leon saved to the public by its institution. BARIUM* DeeMITIRSIPIT.—Ihe Treasury have reduced two ceenneskuera, one Secretary, and two inspectors•Cieneral, from the eith December k and ad other Oncers 9 from the 514th January last. Other reductioni aim cestamplated upon the sak of Barracks. copioussionsas or beMOVIAL Any prams Mac dos is deemed inespsdient in every point of viols. STAIN, OVVICI. LIGACW DUTY Divaarststir.--When the bishop of thearreer, deo prior to January ir. is more conahle. ,solay Mewed, 4.:Serits at provost oispityiel upou this urea bum• airs stilt be diaessatiolsed; The Vai l 1411 4 is sodas* a“bout 450,0304 w annum 1. 1 -kiHe . LONDU • .. NEXT SATURD A Y T AL H L E S 1 5 ;A A T W E N I : STTERY W111..1 D. • MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24, im:7. S T .Ki.,,„ LAs ,Ha i d al at the Ban't, Eteheiutr, S.•ut Sea Busse. • . . Our Reideri are already informed the the t .• , rnittee on Tina , * and Expenditure bare tea r ded "theirbolialting of certain Offices, that ai• expensive, and of no use to the Public. In column wellave given the statement made i,. • RYDER. Lord BINNING, and Mr. Boutuic, r,,p,. the abolishing or reducing the expenses of et Offices submitted to their consideration. It is a document, but embraces hardly any offices but !AI. as in their very nature were temporary, and cea-e1 have any thing to do, by the very circumstance the war having ceased. It exhibits no search any of the greater useless sinecure,—th e exp , n ,i,. pantomimic forms of the old drpartmepts of the chequer—the lordly offices at the Custom.b ouse .... 4 the overgrown Boards—the Treasurership tJ., doub!ed Paymasters Sip of the Army and the doubled Postmaster-Generalship—are a 9 pas„ d over in silence; and hence, perhaps, the saiw,try gestions of the Parliamentary Committee t. , reale. I their omissions. Let the Committee proceed in titeir diligence and zeal, and they n•ii: d! , mol e 1,. the discontent of the people thin ti .• sutpe. the Haifa: Gluts Act . can sec:. Ja law may shut the mouths of mat:y and repreb moors; but Reform, in the shape ut practi.as trenchmeitts,, if persevered in by thr Cc.inuog,, . _ give ibv lie direst to every libeller who ....,111.1 suade the ignorant that Parliament is cony, wholly of u!peincipled dishonest men, whose o;•.. object is.to aotic/A themselves, at the expense of community&• • '' r . +~:. . Mr. SARGEANT, one of the Directors of the Unitc,. States-Bastk,vitAme ha this country, for the purpcit of purchasing ten millions of Spanish dollars, is order to enable that Establishment, as soon as it gets into operation. to meet its engagements in specie. This may have given rise to the report, of a large quantity of American Stock being now in our mar ket, as Mr. SAIRCILANT comes furnished with procerty of this nature to enable 'him to make good 13:s engagements. The Loan Ctiancatcoa had an andlence of the Pam/ Racsaur on Saturday. Yesterday the Loan CHANCELLOR, V;sc(unt 5.:7- )MM and Viscount CASTLERRAHH, had Audit;.,,s of the Patrice REM!. Friday evening Mr. Yoaat, the King's Messenger, was sent off with dispatches to Paris. The two Irish Lords of the Treasury that are added to the English Board are Colonels Onst.t. BARRY. I+4 l w awi user = well M • I *en! Be fl' SM Friday the.GRAND Dote left London for Ports. month, attended lxy Sir WILLIAU CONGREVE and his Russian saite; all of' whom arrived in the evening :it the Crown Hotel, Portsmouth, where a guard of honour from the 36th Regiment was in attendance. A great concourse of people waited their art ival, and received them with a hearty welcome. On Saturday his Impetial Highness and Mite walked upon the Platform Battery, and visited the D , ck-yard. They went on boafd Irk Majesty's ship Roca:eraser,. co -n -mended byCAPtain . S:r ARCHIBALD COLLINOWOr.O *Dicittot4, PhriAnder a Royal salute from that ship, and afterwards - proceeded to the Royal Hospital et Raisin; His ittipetial Highness and suite dined with Admiiil•"dir gDWARD THORNBOROUGH in r afternoon. 'His Imperial Highness is expected ;c be from London, on• a tour in the West of liT.l - about a fortnight. A Private Letter front Stockholm, dated Jan. 29, says Yesterday Prince ONCAR made his first Pp peArance at Court, in an official character. T. Military Assembly. which had not been convoit_t since the year 1793, met in the Royal Pal.ise eleven o'clock. }t consisted of Generals, Cekne!:. and one Deputy Irom each Regiment, elinsen a: re presentative of its Offis:ers. The Duke cf swam, Prince Oscan, wbo had been appointed by the'Kum Vice-Speaker of this Military ParliistrPie, addressed to them, in the presence of the Cftowv Pawn, his father, a speech of considerable length, in this coarse of which he congratulated himself re. being the organ of his Majesty's feelirtgs towards 1!:. brave warriors, many-of whom bad been the I:r.c's foMpanions in the dangers of his early career, and ni of whom. had contributed o place Or crown upon his head. He was penetrated r.- r spect on beholding the brave men who end s'.• promoted the glorious issue of that cause, ano pie. titularly the tvio Generals &MIN= and E: , r• % His Royal Highness stated, that the cause ot being called together was not to charge t!!e ministration of the Pension Fund, but th.it Majesty would propose some essential improwmce! in the situation of wounded or worn-out OfEc...rs.— His Royal Highness concluded by declariii-, Count Srsotent: had been nominated Speaker i , t * Meetings. = The latter Officer made a compiinieni reply to the young Prince, whom he considerei!. surest pledge of fhe continued glory and happiitesst: Sweden. 'The Astarmbly then waited on the KlNf , t and on the Cstown'PitiNes, from each of %show, hi:: especially the latter, they received the W.I:IIICSi ;V" .urances of esteem. It is not surprising that CROWN PRINCE should endeavour to excite an c;i:iy Attachment on the part of the army to his son ; but there is another body,' the Swedish peasantry, f o_grcett influence and importance in the affairs of this king dom, Whose sentiments it would, perhaps, be +0 more desirable to Mils - 114W and secure in larva 0. the new auccettion.,. " in d. hi 0 tt 1, 1, a 1 • g I , t ag i t 14 1, • • , 4 I, r e d it .1 7