Star. — London, England, 1831-09-01 00:00:00

SOCIAL EcoNnm Y. (Neat Carpenter's Poliiicat Magrasine.) I. There is no species of wealth, or, in other words, no article of real and substantial value, that is not, more or less, the product of labour. 2. Money is not real wealth, but only its repre sentative, and a medium of exchange or barter. — Its only value consists in the power it confers upon its possessor of obtaining, in exchange for it, arti cles of real and substantial value. Hence, there niay be money where there is no really valuable article. Money n ill not itself feed the hungry, or clothe the naked. 3. The possession of money is not absolutely necessary, therefore, to the possession and enjoy ment of real wealth, which consists as we have said, in articles of intrinsic utility. 4. By far the greater part of the population df the United Kingdom consists of persons who have no means of subsistence, but those created by their i own individual labour. ~ The labouring classes may be divided into two; icunely, the producers and the distributors : the twiner are the agents of creation, the latter of ex- Lange or distribution. ti. The distributors do not in any degree aug ment or multiply the wealth of the community ; but they are, nevertheless necessary, for the pur pose of facilitating the interchange of commo dities among those by whom they are produced. 7. It is just and natural, therefore, while grada tions, or subordinate or inferior states exist in so ciety, that the distributors should be dependant upon the producers ; and not, as now, the pro ducers be dependant upon the distributors. Those ‘v ho produce might subsist without those who merely distribute what they produce ; but those who distribute could not subsist without those who produce. 8. Those who employ their time and skill in facilitating the exchange or distribution of goods, or other commodities, are entitled to an equal share of the proceeds with those a•ho produce them, and to no more. 9 The present mode of making the distributors the employers, and the producers the employed, is an inversion of the natural order of things, and I is eqnally injurious to the cossumers and the pro ducers. Its consequence is, that the labour of the producers is made an article of commerce, and as such, liable to all the consequences of competition ; while the articles of consumption, &c. undergo the imposition of several unnecessary profits, to the great injury of The consumers. 10. Those persons who distribute articles of commerce by the mere agency of others, do not themselves, in any degree, benefit or enrich society, and are therefore impediments in the way of its prosperity. Mere capitalists, or persons who ac cumulate money by purchasing the labour of others, while they perform no labour themselves, do not add any thing to the wealth of society ; but, on the contrary, generally consume much. 11. The difficulties of obtaining a subsistence by the labouring classes, distributors as well as pro ducers, are every year becoming much greater ; 1 while the wealth accumulated by non-producers or idle classes, who by various expedients contrive to I absorb the produce of the labourers, is every year greatly augmented. 12. No " Combinations," " Trade Unions," or other expedients, that can be adopted by the la bourers to check the diminution of their wages, and the consequent decrease of their comforts, will produce the desired effect, so long as they hire themselves out to those who accumulate wealth by the profits made upon their labour. 13. The reason of the preceding proposition is obvious; namely, the competition, or attempts to undersell each other in the market, carried on by the capitalists, compels them to employ the least possible quantity of human labour by the substitu tion of machinery ; and also to give the least possi ble remuneration for the human labour that they do employ. 14. Nothing can prevent this diminution in the amount of human labour and reduction in the wages of the labourers, so long as machinery exists, and there is unemployed labour in the market. The latter is the inevitable cousequence of the former, under present circumstances. 15. There are but two modes of diminishing the number of unemployed labourers, and thus relieving those in employment from the pressure to which they are now subjected. The first is, Dv increasing the demand for labour ; the second is, by relieving the surplus labourers from the necessity of com-1 peting with those in employment. 16. Although the demand for labour might be, greatly increased, by the adoption of such an ar- 'j rangement in society as should make the wants of the people the only limit of supply and consump tion, there do not appear to be any means (in con sequence of the increase and improvement in machinery) of absorbing, in productive mechanical employment, all the surplus labour. 17. The only alternative, therefore, is to provide for the stibeistence of these surplus labourers, by diverting their labour to some other productive em ployment. 18. This cannot now be done, by converting them into agricultural labourers, because iu that .market there is also a superabundance of labourers, occasioned not by the most improved cultivation and exhaustion of the land, but by the want of a remunerating profit to the agriculturist. This want of remunerating profit is occasioned, on the one hand, by the limitation of the demand, resulting from the poverty of the employed manufacturing classes ; and on the other, by the charge upon the land and its produce, for the support of the un employed part of the population, in the shape of poor rates, &c. 19. From the preceding propositions it is manifest, that there are no means of improving, materially 'and permanently, the condition of the labouring classes, so long is the present system of labour and employment is continued. The application of machinery, by capitalists, to the purposes of manufacture and agriculture, necessarily throws out of employment human labourers; and the competition occasioned by the want of employment among those who have no other means of sub sistence,inevitably reduces and keeps down their wages to the lowest possible sum upon Which they can be made to subsist. 20. It only remains, therefore, to suggest, that there is but one remedy for all the evils springing from the sources we have pointed out ; and'that is the conversion of the labourers from the 'origdoyen Into the employees. This would give them the unlimited control oser-all the wealth they produce (and that is 'cowry thing consumed and 'wasted 11,e idle classes, as well as by themselves), and of course, secure to them kik, abundance of every. thing that human beings could desire. • 21. Money, as already suggested, is not amen ' tially necessary for this purpose, as its possession can neither, in itself, extend nor limit production. The idle classes might retain possession of all the money in the kingdom, and yet be destitute of every enjoyment, should the labourers refuse to give, in exchange for it, articles of consumption and g eneral utility. 22. The possession of Land is all that is neces sary to transform the labouring classes from de pendants into proprietors, and thus secure to them the enjoyment of their own produce. Having this land, machinery would be employed. for their own benefit, instead of, as now, against their only means of subsistence. Idleness and dissipation would necessarily cease, because wealth would only be attainable by personal exertion. When the working .classes shall have acquired the knowledge of these facts, and of the principles deducible from them, they will direct all their energies to 'obtain possession of their equitable share of the land. Having secured this, they will form such arrangements as will render them inde pendent and happy. They will say to the pos sessors of money or artificial wealth—" If that be wealth, keep it to yourselves. Eat it—drink it— clothe yourselves with it, and convert it into habi tations to dwell in. We will be content with the products of our own labour— for food we will be satisfied with the productions of the earth, raised and gathered by our industry. The labour of our hands shall hereafter supply us, instead of you,, with superior dwellings, superior furniture, superior apparel, and all the conveniences, comforts, and luxuries of life 1" Among other articles lying in durance vile in the band ut►rehouses of London, according to a Patliamentary return, there are 43,000 prints and drawings, 923 pictures, 370,000 cwt. of books, 186 cwt. of casts and busts, 10 manuscripts, 173,000 bamboo canes, 220,000 walking. canes, 6,600 cwt. of juniper berries, 96Ibs. of " puddings and sausages," 3,300 millstones, 50,000,0001h5. of tea, 9,300 1 tongues, 21,800 auks of Eau de Cologne, 3,300,000 gallons of rum, and 850,000 ...itto brandy. Emigration to the Canadas has increased nearly fourfold within the last three years. The total num ber of emigrants who arrived at Quebec in 1828, was 12,000; in 1829, 15,945; in 1830, 28,075; while' up to the end of July in the present year about 38,000 had landed. Many of the letters received from emigrants to their relatives in this country are very favourable. The average value of a house at Wallingford, in Berkshire, at the period of the Norman invasion, wail 61 ; the inhabitants of Nottingham paid 3s 6d each, the bur gesses of Ipswich only Id. The breeding of sheep was of a secondary eor.sidetation to that of bogs: there are not 300 sheep, or pasture for them, to be found in five places in the record of Domesday; the manor of Higham, in this county, fed 200; whilst in some counties many manors fed 2,000 h POPULATION ; United States.—The result of the official census, up to the end of December last, shows that there are at this moment six.and-forty towns in the United States whose population exceeds five thousand , souls. New York, which has 213,170 inhabitants, takes the precedence; then follow, Philadelphia, 161,412; Bal timore, 80.419; and Boston, 70,464. Of cities, possessing above, souls, there are four; above 10,000, eleven ; above 0,000, six ; above 7,000, three; above 6,000, 'km ; ' and above Part of the mast of the Victory, the ship in which Nelson closed his career, has within these few years been placed in the main Guard Chamber, ittWinddor Castle, where it stands surmounted with the bust of the hero of Trafalgar. The bust is a tine one of bronze, which has been lately brought from Bushey, and the mast tends seven feet high, and serves as a pedestal. EXTREME H EAT.— A correspondent writes from Verona, that the oldest person does not remember so hot a atm:met-as the present. In Middle and Lower Italy, the' almost insupportable beat produced brain fevers and other disorders. At Rome, the hest rose to 30 degrees of Rem mur. In that city 86 persons have Within a that period been sent to the Lunatic Hospital. Letters from Tyrol say, " The heat here is almost intolerable. The harvest is over and at Bolzen the grapes are completely ripe, a cirramstance which has not occurred for half a century. The following persons are now in prison for selling political papers without stamps : William Carpenter .. King's Bench Charles Little . House of Correction.. Edward Hancock Ditto Samuel Turner .. Ditto • Robert Simpson Another—name unknown Owen Davis .... Kingston Jail James Knight.... Imes Clarke George Pilgrim The police in Mary-la-honne have received orders , to search the coffee-shops and public-houses in the district, !•for unstopped political pamphlets. The Times is also lending its disinterested aid to Ministers in this disgraceful cruisade, as appears by the following paragraph in that journal :—" It may not be generally known that the persons apprehending offenders selling such publication as " The 1 Poor Man's Guardian,' are entitled, on producing a certi ; ficate of the conviction to the Commissioners of Stamps, to a reward of 405." The object of this announcement was ob. vieudy to raise up a host of informers.—Political Ma pexine. A WJtOLE FAMILY FROZEN TO DEATII. A correspondent gives us the following melancholy state ment of the effects of cold in America. On the Great Prairie, in the State of Illinois, a family, consisting of a man •and woman with six children, who were travelling across it last winter, were found literally frozen to death. The condition in which they were discovered, if possible, adds still more to the shocking scene. A little child was clasped in the mother's arms, and five others lay around her. An axe and flint were found in the hands of the father, by *which it would appear he had been endeavouring to strike a light and make a fire. Four horses, which were with them, were lying dead in their harness, and a part of a waggon bad been cut into small pieces for fuel. RELIGION OF THE ANCIENT HINDOON.-• ( Founder.' on Beahneinaral autkorilleu)--The following is the substance of an account of the religion of the ancient Brahmins, which we consider to be • beautiful illustration of the force and sublimity of their original ideas of divine adoration :—Worship, among the Hindoos, signifies a so. lemn and reverential contemplation of the works and surf. butes of the supreme Ruler and Preserver of the Uni verse f whose undefinable, invisible, and intangible being is evidenced in its wonderful and incomprehensible ma chinery. To this worship the Brahmins considered no one could be opposed on sufficient grounds, as each prison, whatever title he may adopt in his adoratioos considers the object of his worship to be the ruler and preserver of the Universe. The difference consists, in others attaching to the Supreme Being particular forms and localities and the Hindoos declare He is to be worshipped without assigning any definite form or place : therefore, however, those, who worship under peculial forms, may differ among themselves, they must all agree in the object of the Hindoo wor ship. In this worship it is necessary to repeat such language as directs the attention to the Supreme Spirit ; and to en deavour to govern the will, senses, and conduct lu such a manner as trot only to prevent their own and others' injury, but also to secure their own and others' good. By reflection and language men are enabled to conceive sublime ideas, and discover the truth ; the attainment of which will enable thasa'W worship the Supreme Being, who is Truth itself. To prevaat dissensions and quarrels, it Is necessary to regulate the mode of living agreeably to thesscred wet Inrie 'lawful and unlawful being the same to the willed, wbo ate guided by no rule, indiscriininate indulgence might tend, to the destructiOn of human society. A suitable place of worship Is preferable, but not • absolutely decesdary ; for wilitewer time of plate the mind 'Cason at rest, the same his pito 'proper fk' tratiblp ; which • =fll 'be successful • to the state Of mead Prepiantion.--Zasi /ids ~~~ PANORAMA OF TOE BRITISII EMPIRE. CIIELTE2III4III JOURNAL; As Anatver.s.--Her I Highness the Otani airders' Helena of Russia and yoke, , lard Ceitlisepa, COW@ Tol stoi, Hon. A. C a l t b or p e , Hon. R. Quinfro4...lBl6o sots, Sir Edmond and Lady Stank/. SIT "Me Bart. Col. D'Arey, Col. and Mrs. Dunbar, Col. 174 7 Vii Wollerson, Major and Mrs. Parkes, Ma* Reeds, Ut Harrison, Major Gardiner, Capt. Forde, R Cipt. R. N. Ca p t. W. Johnson, R.N. Capt. Broom, Capt. Mir" Capt. Cuppagc, Capt. Madonna!, Capt. Taylitr,•o9L Blown, Capt. 'Barnard, Capt. Cowslade, Rev. Dr. and Hare, Dr. W. Turner, Dr. Csnolly, Rev. Mr. Dichosa, Rev. C. H. Taylor, Rev. J. Day, Rev. Mr. Davis, Her. J. Tucker, Rev. A. Hewitt, Rev. P. Foyster, Rev. Mr. Mar. vel, Rev. A. Gibson, Rev. J. P. Cooke, Rev. J. Gregory, Mr. and Mrs. Brownell. Mr. and Mrs. Dixon , Mr. and' Mu. Smith. On Thursday afternoon, about half pant five, the exhill rating peal of the joy-bells announced the arrival of her Im perial Highness the Grand Duchess Helena, accompanied by her Chamberlain the Prince Gsgarine, the Countess Nesselrode, Mademoiselle Tolstoi, Sir Alexander Crichton, as Physician in Ordinary to the Emperor Nicholas of Rua , Ma, l W. Lobstela as Secretary, and a numerous suite. The cortege drove to th e Plough Uotel,where apartments had been engaged for the reception of our illustrious visitor • who, on the followin g morning, attended by Mr. Ma rshall the Master of the Ceremonies, and Dr. Cannon, paid her first visit to the Montpellier Spa. Her Imperial Highness, after drinking the waters, promenaded for some time in the pri vate Gardens opposite the Pump Room, and returned through the Old Well Nralk to the Plough HoteL The walks were crowded by persons of rank and distinction. Debts amounting to nearly 20 0001. have already been proved under Hooper and Franklin's bankruptcies, against the Westbury bank. Franklin, not having appeared before his creditors, was, on Friday week, declared an outlaw. He is by this timasupposcd to have crossed the Atlantic. On the eve of his lepanute, he called upon his shoemaker, to whom he owed a f ew shillings, and tendered one of his five pound notes in payment ; and perceiving that the shoema ker had a few sovereigns left, he induced him to give change for • second five pound note. From a labourer in his em ploy, it is said he obtained five pounds worth of silver, (which the poor fellow had been some time accumulating) for a similar note. Fp l o 3l E — EmoctrioN.—A corrcrpondent of a Bath Paper, says. " The principal paymasters of Franc (many of whom are members of the Crown Committer) consider. Mg the alarming increase of the poor's rates and the situa lion of the poor, determined to call a public Vestry, which was hell yesterday (Thursday) to consider the propriety of appointing a select vestry, for the purpose of investigating the parish accounts, and the state of the poor for that parish were unanimously appointed. M ARRIED—George Gavle, Esq. of Thoverton, De von, to Loretto, daughter of 8. Patch, Esq.—Charles T. Leigh, Esq. of Tuddington, in this county, to Emma Elizabeth Alicia, daughter of G. H. Dawkins Pennant, Req. of Penrhyn Castle.—At the Friends' Meeting House, Painswick, Richard Macke, Brown, of Luton, to Ame lia, daughter of Joseph Davis, of Alston Green. DIED-r-At Gloucester, 40, Mr. W. S. Thomas, builder. —At Shuedington, James Blackman, M. D. F. R. S. late of Ramsay, Wilts.—At Montpelier-terrace, Elias, wife of C. Cole, Esq. NORTHAMPTON PRBE PRESS, Aug. 30. Two stacks of wheat were destroyed by fire at Silverstone, near Towcester. The fire is supposed to have been the set of an incendiary. It was announced that the personal estates of the late Sa -1 mug' Wells, Esq. of Biggleswade, were administered to as beingenfy under 170,0001. the greats part of which was left* will to his twu sons in law. A correspondent states that :WI would have been all well enough for the public to know, If nothing behind had been concealed; but some persons who are acquainted with the family will inquire, how was It that this gentleman, so rich and so bountiful to his sons in law, should have suffered his own eldest son to be banished into Indian service, undeethe fatigues of which he become a victim to the fatal disemeof • sultry climate / and how was it, that the youngest son would have been ,without a borne if he had not found refuge with a tenderly attached mother ? What had he done that he should be deprived even of that pan of the mush which were that mo ther's maiden property, and out of - ensh:linmense wealth, be left only with an annuity of 3001. Stricinz.—A deep sensation has been seated et Spalding lainfellonday, by Mr. J. Favell, dealer in British and fo- Mao face, having destroyed himself by at ldialton,: enßwiday night. The deceased was a tbeWesleyan Methodists, and had an appebenientell 'wide' at Moulton last Sunday. Previa* to Spalding ou Sunday morning, he purchased a quantity arsenic at a chenlist's shop ; and thus, With the meads of 4s. &union in his pocket, fulfilled his appoiMment by toy twice at Moulton on that day, without any alteration in his manner, or incoherency in his languagemore than usual. Is the evening be appeared remarkably cheerful, and j a party of his Methodist friends in singing hymns. i f is is tgli course of the night he took the poison, and medical assistinee l petting to be of no avail, he died in the morning. Ass ram Marrow. Wtruzu..—Mr. W. Lester, ell Weodbouse,aear Loughborough, in • letter to a Protin dal Journal, says "From awing an article in a in :he year 1829, describing bow good a beverage produced from mangel linnet, I made a number of expeel- 1 menu, and have at length completely succeeded. In the article before alluded to it was stated, that a portions it about ten pounds of the root to a gallon would make avoid liquor; but with fifteen pounds' weight to the elle% as Illidloot ale will be produced ; an addition of two } bands' weight of treacle to a firkin, will be a great improftment. One-third malt and two-thirds mangel.wursel liquor will make capital ale ; so that, even in this way an important saving will be effected. Our method is first to mash and dean the roots well, take off the top completely, scrape (rather pare) off the outer rind, slice and boil them until soft and pulpy ; *queue the liquour from the pulp as much &possible, and then boil it again with about six ounces of kegs to nine gallons, and work with yeast in the usual way. Thus a cottager, by boiling his pot over his winter fire of a night, and using the root as we have described, might sel dom be without a refreshing beverage even the greatest part af the year, for the roots may be kept in a cool plus, in a Cstate for use, during most of the winter. The e 7, stripped from the plant in August and September, we valuable for the cow or pig, not retarding its growth in 4* least ; and the roots boiled and mashed in the liquor, anti ether milk or a small quantity of meal added, will feed a pig at a trilling expense. The culture of this valuable not is very simple. Let the single seeds be put en well assured ridges, detect inches apart, and six or eight be tween the plant ;hoeing down, and keeping clean from weeds will be all that is necessary." The Rev. Henry James Hastinp ALA of Trinity Col lege, has been instituted by the B i shop of Worcester, to the rectory of Areley Kings. NORTHAMPTON Auo. 27.—Wheat red, 84s to 675; Ise, Ms to 725. B arley, grinding, 32s to sBs ; malting, S7s to 40s. Malt, Ms to 72a. Oats, 25s to 30s; feed do. 1 111 s to 275. Tick beans, small, 37s to 40s. Peas, grey, 34s to 38s; white, 42s to 481. Rye, 34e to 38s per qr. Flour, 49s to 555, sack of 2801bs. MARRIED.—Michael Harris, jun. Esq. of Wesson. Ewell House, to Sarah, daughter of Henry Linnell, Courtenhall Grounds.— Mr. G. Fletcher, of Renhold.abbey, to Lunette, youngest daughter of the late Captain U• Wingate, R. N. of Stirling. DIED.—At Daventu, J. Wildgose, Esq.—At Daventry, Mrs. Lamb, relict of Edward Lamb, Esq.—At Rugby, 20, Sophia Bewley, youngest daughter of Philip Williams, Esq.—Judith Anne, youngest daughter of the 'fate John Bohun Smyth, Esq. of Warwick. —At Colworth, Beds, Sophia, daughter of the late Francis hlagniae, Esq. 45.—At Renhold, near Bedford, Mr. Robert Newman, 44.—Miss Hopkins, ILldock. TYNE MERCURY, Aug. 30. Division or Counts.—The following is Lord Al thorp's reply to the remonstrance of the Northern Political Union, respecting the clause for the division into two parts tot the se counties which are to send four Welshers: " -I think more importance Is attwthed to the di ' vii.ion of counties then it deserves. The landed Merest ;gain undoubtedly very much by the addition which the billmakes to the county members, sad smog the landed rinterest the great landed •proptielbtsrvill 'also be consider- MAI but I doubt muchiwheakr a ge t •landed or who could influence the eleaton ins sion of a county, would not have an equal chance in a county where there are to be !bur thembets deified. Ice Instance, I will suppose the Woe, Whoa, 118 ;things sire 'it 'Minn, a great lah r Manes one niesiberoutiof two fOratemity If there wet be four members for the came county he would prt.bably return two. In the division of the county whirr hie property lies he tould do ne baser, generally I think,ite would do leesvfor it seldom happens that any one man's influence is so overwhelming. even in the smallest agricultural districts, that there is net se independent force its bpplose him, who would not submit to his shutting them quite out of t he Augmentation. If they lid, it would only be in the case where he not only had very large property indeed, bat was very popular also. You will see by this, that I am not very anxious about this clause for its Gen sake; I like k because I think it will diminish expense ; I should not like It if I thought that It would give any undue influence to the aristocracy, because that is what 1 have al ways opposed, but, though I do not feel very anxious about it, as I have said, for its own sake, lam anxious about it, and supported it earnestly, because I think it will conduce very much to carrying the reform bill. " I have the honour to be, " air, your most obedient humble servant, ALTHORP. a Downing.street, Aug. 21, 1831." The bill for regulating the sale and delivery of coals in land* and the adjacent counties has been printed by ender of the House of Commons, and some copies have been re ceived here. If the public expect that the Jues claimed by the Corporation of London will be diminished, or the ex pense and delay occasioned by the vexatious Interference of the city authorities decreased by this bill, they will be grievously disappointed. Fourpence is now paid on the ehaldron of twenty-six cwt. and a half. By the new bill, fourpence per ton of twenty cwt. or an addition of more than one-fifth, Is given to these city worthies. The river meters under the present system are worse than useless for any other purpose than increasing city patronage. By the new system a custom-house officer is to assist these overpaid and overfed citizens, so that the poor shipowner and coal merchant will hare to satisfy two conscientious claimants Instead of one. City interference is now limited to the port of London. Hereafter every coal dealer within twenty. five miles of the Post-office, will be subject to all the petty vexation the greedy city officers and common informers can Inflict upon him. There are other parts of the bill equally pobjectionable. Will the Independent London press allow. I such a corporatioo.job to succeed without directing the pub lic attention to it ? The Commissioners of the Northern Lighthouses hereby give notice, that a Lighthouse has been erected upon Dun nethead, in the County of Caithness, the light of which will be exhibited on Satutday, the Ist Day of October, 1831, and will thereafter continue to be lighted every night. Dunnethead Lighthouse is situate on the Northern extre lnity of the Mainland of Scotland, In north latitude b 8.42, l and west longitude 3. ?9. The lighthouse, by compass, bean from the north end of the island of Stroma, in Pent ' land Frith, W. by N. diatom seven miles and a half; from Hoy Head, leading to Hoy Sound, SSW. distant 13 miles ; from the Stack ant: Sketry, S. ty & I E. distant 31 miles ; and Irom Cape Wrath, in Sutherlandshire ' FL by 8. 4 8. distant 42 miles. In reference to these hearings, the light will be visible to the mariner in a northerly direction from SE. 4E.to W. This light will be known to mariners as a stationary light, from oil, with reflectors; and being ele vated 346 feet above the medium level of the sea, it will be seen like a star of the first magnitude at the distance of from seven to eight leagues, and at intermediate distances, accord ing to the state of the weather. NEWCASTLE AND NORTH SHIELDS RAILWAY.-At the meeting of the committee held on Saturday last, at the Turk's Head Inn, the reports of the eughseen. Stephenson and Richardson, were produced. The undertaking they re. commend is i general railway for passengers and n•uan dize. The line proposed bens at the Stock-bridge, New. made, s up Panda) Dene under the east arch of the ' New crosses the Ousebum, so as to come behind 1 51 Heaton-h „ and ends near Sir. Crawford's mill, a short distance from the Bull Ring, at North Shields. NZWCASTLE, Aug. 27.—There was a very short supply of old wheat brought forward by the farmer this morning, which au taken of readily at full as high prices as on this day se'nnight. We had several samples of new, in fair con uition, but various in quality, which sold at from 56s to 68s per qr. Little done in panaried Wheat this week. There is rather a better demand for fine rye and grinding barley. Oats remain the same: the samples of new that have ap peared, prove inferior in quality to the crop of last year. Arrivals this weak, 30 qrs. Wheat, 2,450 qrs. Rye, 193 qrs. Barley, 168 qrs. Malt, 7,340 qrs. Oats, 30 qu. Peas, 811 sacks Flour. Wheat, Northumberland white, per qr, 60s to 7ls • do. gird, do. 564 tollas ; Norfolk red, 00s to 665; do. White, 60s to 68s ; Berwick red, 50s to 00s; white, 501 to 58s ; Scotch white. Ills to 58s ; Danttic, 60s to 68. ; Foreign red, 44s 54s to 665. Rye, Norfolk, Ws to 345; Foreign, 351 to 341 s ; North country, 30s to 325. Barley, foreign, 24s to 30s. Malt, Norfolk pole, 66s to es. Oats, potatoe, 28s to 30$ ; do. common, 22s to 28s. Foreign (free.) Beans, 96s to 38a. Peas, boilers, 40s to 4.2 s ; grey or hog, 38s to 40s. Floor floe, per sack, 47s to 50s. Old Land Hay,bf lastear. growth, sold from 41 to Cl; New Land Hay, of do. 51. y Old Land Hay, of this year's growth. 41 to 51 55; New Land Hay of do. 41 to 51 per ton. Sixty-five cart loads of hay at market. Wheat Straw, 'bur loads, sold at 2s; Oat Straw, two loads, from Is 9d to 2s per throve. . Beef sold from in 9d to 6s. Mutton, 5s 104 to 64 3d. Lamb, 5s 104 to 6s 541 pa stone, sinking oral. MARRIED.—At Morpeth, Charles Saunders, Esq. of Wylam, to Miss Mary Moor. of Whitfield—At Stranton, near Seaton-Carew, Thomas Wright. Esq. of Whitley-park, to Mary Harwood, daughter of Thomas Atkinson, Esq. of High Harrogate. DlED.—fn Pandon, Hugh Smith, 106, commonly known by the appellation of '• Blue Breeks:" he went about in his usual health till within a ohon thee of his desth.—Alice, widow of the late Christopher Blacket, Esq. of Wylarn, 74—At Kestriek, Mr. Allison, surgeon 44 As Welton. RS, )dart , wife of the Rev. Thomas Dikes, of Roll—At Richmond, Wm. Thompson, Esq. one of the se- nior aldermen and twice mayor of that borough. FREEMAN'S JOURNAL, Aug. S. A most respectable and very numerionslyottended Meet ing of the inhabitants of the county of the town of Drog heda, was held in the Linen-ball on Sunday last, for the triple purpose of petitioning for the disbandment of the mnanry, an alteration in the Irish jury laws, and a repeal of the vestry bill. Midmel Levin', Esq. in the chair. Mr. W bi l . i m itw a o y r nooo th, afl an er d a bsti few i a ip pp , r a opri tesi t i s mable te rentar iai ks p0 0n e.4 11 , 1 ..... e evils arising front the present Irish jury laws, read the dra ft of petition praying for their petition ; which, on the motion t Mr. Ennis, was adopted, and is to be presented by Mr. O'Connell in the House of Commons. Mr. Whitworth next read the petition praying for the to/Mediate disband ment of the yeomanry corps of Ireland. He said be felt satisfied that until that force, who had so lately slaughtered the people (and he was sorry, for the sake of Wanton de cency and justice, to be able to say with impunity,) would be entirely dhbanded, there never would be security for life or property in wretched Ireland. The people of every county, city, and town in Ireland, ought to quit:Mrs./ens bit, and express their opinions honestly and manfully, but at the same time consitutionally, in petitions to the legis lature, and there was but little doubt but . they would have to be attended to. (loud cheers.) J. Chester, Esq. objected to the Void " nunascre" which was in the petition, for this reason t drat most probably, like the Waterford petition, it would not be printed, al though it only stated the feet. The 'object .of mere good Irishman should be to get a warm discussion on Irish oaths in the Imperial Parliament, which could best be done 1 • expresssing their opinions truly in petitions. ('Hear) I hoped this meeting would entrust the presentation of this important petition to Mr. Hume, who was a sincete friend to Ireland. (Cheers.) After a few words Gum 'Mr. Whit worth, Mr. Chester moved that the petition be.preseated by Mr. O'Connell, and that the 'cluirntan should write to Mt Hume, requesting him to support Its ...'which wet ieconded by Mr. Whitworth, and to. Our raiders will tesollect that - th eindictment against tithe victims, Blanchfield and Byres, was eit-o*Ocoults• conspiracy, and one for a riotous assemblage , and that . those charging them with dre akiephnty - they 'wete con victed. Some hours after the trial, one 'of the Jurors vies `met by a friend, when the following dialogue took place : Friend—" So you found those lads guilty of the con .spiracy." Juror—" What conspiracy ?" Friend — m e That with 'width they 'were charged in •indictment." Juror—" Oh, yowslamker there Was ono sock charge, nor did we convict them of a conspiracy." Tibilidi—" Is it* dile I can be so much attray. Hold, eta refer to the ler nayetristedter.w.(iitietng so) I am correct—road- 3 1er yourself." Juror—( After the iadlenneat)—LOh 1 d-.. 0 ' it I knew trait before.— . ./ewritai. 1 lierrobek, NI oftek: P." brawn, 'IP eitelfttenn. SCINTILLA. ADVAIITAOES OF STIIPIDITY.—When L I Fontaine was on his death-bed, bis confessor ealuntin g to repent, the nurse came in, and begged he would 1 , plague him. " lit is more stupid than wicked, (Advil ihe), 000 ArarionwT will not have the beau to tlan., him." EctiPsa.—There was an eclipse of the moot, on Tuesday, but it was not visible in this country. I t Hiodostan as weU as in China, the natives imagine on these occasions that the devil, under his usual personification o f an enormous serpent, has laid hold of it, and make a mo., tremendous noise in order to alarm him, shouting ou t " Sheiian Amin chord° 1"—" Satan, let the moon go !" A curious and instructive document was ordp ic . i i by the House of Commons on Wednesday, on the motion Mr. Alderman Wood, namely—an account of the •• war rants issued by the sheriii•of Surrey on writs of execution against the person or property from the superior Courts of Westminster, since 1826, and of the poundage paid therein; and the number of warrant, in each year distinguishing the poundage paid, or proceu executed, within the Liberty of Southwark." MONTESQUIEWS DEFINITION OF A LORD.-- A great lord is a man who sees the King, and speaks to the Ministers, who has ancestors, debts, and pensions. If, with that, he is able to conceal his indolence and imbecility, 11 an air of eagerness and importance, or a feigned attacimant to pleasure, he believes himself to be one of the liapple3tof men. FAT AND LEAN.—An Irishman who had a pi : ; in his possession was observed to adopt the constant pra,:. tke of tilling it to repletion one day and starving it the next. On being asked his reason for doing so, he replied, " Och sure, and isn't it that I like to have baton with a stroke o ' fist and a strike o' lane, equally one after t'other."—Ame rims Paper. A LG ERIN E COOKERY.—The ex-Dey of Algiers dined one day last week with the President of the Council in Paris. Hussein was accompanied by a single servant, who did not quit him during the whole dinner. He wac dressed in the Eastern style, and wore a richly-ornamented poniard in his belt. His eyes were concealed by a pair of gram spectacles. During the day he sent a message to 11. Perier, to request he would admit his own cook into 11;, kitchen, to dress his victuals. The President of the Ccu;',. cil having complied with his request, Hussein's cook, a little before the hour of dinner, arrived with a pair of lit,. fowls, of which he cut off the heads and legs, and ttan plunged them into boiling water. The Dey made his r,pa:t on those two fowls, served up with boiled rice. ESSENCE OF COFFEE. —To make this essence, which is very useful for travelling, take a quart of boiling water and throw into it eight ounces of ground coffee. Boil it for a minute or two, then cover it up, and leave it to get cold. After pouring off carefully the clear coffee, add hale a pint of water to the grounds, boil it slightly, and leave it to settle in the same way, after which add it to the first de coction. Evaporate the whole over a gentle fire until it it reduced to eight ounces. Then add half a pound of lump sugar, and when it is melted put the mixture for an instant over the fire, and afterwards let it be bottled and well corked. A table spoonful of this essence will wake a breakfast cop of coffee. The best way is to use boiling milk with it in stead of water. AN AMERICAN IN N. —There Is a very striking difference, too perceptible, between an English and an Ame. HOU) inn; here you must look for no bowing landlord, OT obsequious waiter, at the door to welcome your arrival , beu may alight or not as you please, said in some instants served as if you, anal not they, were the party obliged. Neither expect to find any snug parlour or trave ler:, or 1 suppose I must now say, commercial roorn,to retire to. The bar seems the only inhabited aparment about the house; and there, upon arrival, the company immediately proceed; with. in it are always to be met with convenience' for washing— the very first operation—and a comb and a brush attached together by a string, suspended most likely from the ceiling, pro Bono public°, and used tutu eeremonie by all comers and goers—though I took the liberty of eleclfiniog the at. to r commodation. You would suppose that all the news and affairs of the Congress had ned acceu to thie place, or, at any rut, you feel perfect y assured of being in a lod where that valuable engine, the Press, suffers not the slight. est embarrassment. Papers, daily and weekly, local, and from different parts of the Union, arc strewed about in ehartning profusion ; the merits of all persons and s:I things are discussed by all present ; the walls are covered with advertisements of elections, fares of stages and steam boats, unctions, sales of land, sales of stock, sales of mer chandise, sales of every thing that can be sold; quack. medicines without end, dc. Btc. Such Is an American inr. - - Amite* Tose. Its New Yorh. A NIDSHIPSIAN'S DIRECTIONS TO A BROTHER sun. FOR TIM FIGURES OF A QU•DRILLE. La Pantalon.—Haul upon the starboard tack, let the Other craft pass ; then hear up, sod get your bead ire the other melt, regain your berth on the larboard tack, back and fill with your partner, boxhaul her, wear round twee against the sun in company with the opposite craft and your own, afterwards boxhaul her and bring ha up. L I.te.—Shoot ahead about two fathoms till you nearly IMO* Rai on to the other craft under way, then make Veneto bawd to your berth, side out for a bend, fist to star board and then to port, ;make sail and pass the aim craft, lit yottr head round en the other tack, another side to star board, and port, make sail to regain your berth, wear mead, back and fill and box-haul your partner. La Poule.—Heave a-head and pass your adversary, yard-arm and yardarm , regain your berth on the wiser tack in the same order, take your station in the line, with your partner, back and till, fall on your beti, and bring up with your partner ; the then munounes ahead, heaves all aback, shoots ahead again, and pays off alongside ; you then make sail in company with her, till nearly stem on with the whaling, make a stare board, and east her off to shift for herself; regain your berth by the best means in yourlower, and let go your anchor. La Tratisem—Wear round as before against the so!' twice, box-haul the lady. range alongside her and make sad in compeny ; when half way across to the other shore, drop atom with the tide, short sod east off the tow ; now back and flu as before, and box-haul her and yourself into your ZN DOI' or d Furl DUI due fin NM MI bib dme lea rill al! Com and kind gra atli su Pali of i Het DR. mbel DWI Au. foam I.! eattl Rem and platy sad Ili It 1 soils as au arrl Yft of tl cu. , _ , was berth, and tiring up. w 44 La Pastorale. —Shoot ahead alongside your partner. Pill r t. a make a stern board, make all sail over to the other coast, let its v l of go the hawser and pay off into your own berth and take a the W t. turn; the %lase crafts oppojite range up abreast toward* fats nth you twits and back astern again ; sow manceuvre any Tilt deal ri d. you like, only tinder easy sail, as it is always a light wind mos felt (mph?, as they cell it), in this passage; 'sewn as you see first , re d their helm is down, haul round in company with them on Sou d e . the larlinerdNack, and mate all sail with your pattner into alai ti l t ! your °an berth and bring ap. peal life La Finale.—Wear round to starboard, passing under your re „ partner's awn sight, the catheads Of the craft on your star. the tan- board bow, then make sail into your own bath, your pular viol b ut passing athwart your bows ; now proceed according to the Wei i d, setand order of sailing ; to complete the evolptlons shoot 44 ,T,„ ahead and back assetn twice in company wish the whole Med squadron in circular order of sailing. cess Itch - - - - ice 1 61 79 The First Chamber of the States of "the Grand info D ' Duchy of Baden has unanimously adopted the address of affec : °°d the becond Chamber to the Maud Duke, to establish an 4, lin ttnlitnited liberty Of the press. Ban by and Be WIROMMieg fe&IIN and, , b ad s BIRTHS. eloo , h ,,d TbelOtb ult. at Hampstead, the lady of W. Brooks, full bi t . listi• of a sisoglitler...-The 25th ult. at Cheltenham, the SG 16y lady of I Lowis.lisq. Bengal Civil Jerald', of a son. ibis Mr. . thts was MARRIED. earl, The 31st ult. at All floale Chunk, Mary.la-boone, K. s., the Batties,Rsq. of Spricg.prdens to Elizabeth, eldest daughter tion v a t Oahe late W. How, as+ Orilistrywitteet. 1 44 I in ron- Drib. wort *e a The Mit Mt. H. , lBollrMeeof .Chtech-street, Bath, Rl+ t 'and Harriet, his wife. Tbn were among the sufferers CO doett as con- NAM - lie Rotbsay Castle.— a Mith tilt.liary Elizahetk , g the wife of F. Dtillitilatin, Of HiMbritrfatt4M, Peehbast, in IPan 'the 41st year of her sge.—The 30th ult. Mr. T. Clark, a the Ringers. fain ;near Newport, kesex.—The 31st ult. Farms , the only daiuglitersOf Mt.-J.llewell. Upper Thows.strert. ige, *aged 20.—The 28th uk. at his residence Beldbngton-9 0 4' ,t' 'YOrkshfre,lllr.b. illitbeirs,ned . 64.2The 314 t ul:. J P. li bold, l ewwiilwl. Of t COMl'Milkrt,lMpside -in the3Oth lo gr.l the i win g Ibis age.—Tuesdsy iast„ at Guildford, Mary, the eldest MtWielittlikiHr 'if G. *a 11,:itsq. of that place , Wu 'tor Real w e , 448-.-411e4Oth;sk. M )fissim. , ii. boo. Mr. of boom ' s Hill, Greenwich, in hie , year. Rem 'K '•' - - - - - •••mmin••''''-.l''! e Rao la*" 'Marlow t .1411161 1 11M 1 Mibilsbod lip Jillhaitertrit.s te4 kap Swat Owrlo6 l NO. - 1, - PllkwftspilOrs'Z'oP ll.26f. midi the I who] t