Star. — London, England, 1823-08-26 00:00:00

, t ADJUSTMENT OF SPANISH AFFAIRS. The Joffrnd do INbad of Saturday, which arrived last night, not only pUblishes the Duc d'Angouleme's Decree from Andujar, 'but also gives some remarks, from which it would appear that the authenticity of that document cannot be doubted. " The Journals of yesterday," it observes, " circulate the strangest news. They endeavoured at first to discover in the Ordonnance of the Duc d'Angouleme a source of di vision between the French troops and the Royalist po pulation of Spain. Let them not flatter themselves with this hope. If the Prince Generalissimo, strictly adhering to the maintenance of his word and to the honour of our army, hai issued an adonnance from Andujar on his part, the Regency also, on their part, have passed a Decree for liberating all those prisoners who had not been arrested in virtue of a mandate emanating from the tribunals. These two Decrees have given pleasure to the friends of order and jus tice. Tnis agreement of the military with the civil authority has put an end to deplorable excesses—has restored confidence, and disarmed party. It was remarked, that the arbitrary arrests which took place in several of the provinces, in spite of the orders of the Regency, were executed by blind Revo lutionists, who had suddenly become ardent Royalists. Neither the Duc d'Angouleme nor the Government of his Majesty has forgotten the pledges they have given. Never will they capitulate with the Revolu tionists—never will they treat with the Cortes as a body politic. They doubtless desire that Spain should be free—that she should prosper beneath the shade of institutions equally remote from despotism and from anarchy--but they have no pretensions to im pose laws upon her. It is for King Ferdinand, with the advice of his Councillors, to adopt what he shall deem to be expedient for the welfare of his people. If we rightly remember the official papers published in London, it appears to us that the French Govern ment had thought the most proper means for termi nating the troubles of Spain would be, perhaps, to grant an amnesty, and to re-establish the ancient Constitution of the State—that is to say, to convoke the ancient Cortes. This idea appears to us at mice generous and reasonable. As for the rest ; let us wait for the events at Cadiz—let us have patience a few days longer, and we shall know the result." FROM TUE CONSTITUTIONNEL. " No doubt remains with respect to the negociasions destined to terminate the Spanish war. It is even generally thought that they draw towards a conclu sOn. The wisdom, the moderation of the Pi ince • Generalissimo have therefore triumphed over the vio-1 lence of the fanatical party. The Peninsula will riot he deprived of the advantages of a Representative! Government, and of the constitutional guarantees which secure the prosperity and liberty of nations.— In the present state of parties in Spain, such a con clusion could alone appease hatred, disarm re-actions, and prepare peace for the future. " Nothing would be done—civil war would not even be adjourned, if the men who look upon every con cession made by power as an act of weakness, every liberal institution as a revolutionary one, every idea of toleration as a crisae, preponderated in the pub lic councils of Spain. Nothing would be terminated' if the spirit of re• enge survived after the establish- j ment of the new Representative Government, and if the furious passions of a piny had more authority than the common law. The restoration of order,l confisience, and credit, can only be founded on jiis tice, and on the recognition and protection of all le gitimate rights. 66 In vain did the fanatical journals undertake to disguise facts. They would have wished, for reasons which are easily understood, that the Regency alone should have been invested with theright of dictating conditions to its countrymen, and the measures which it has already adopted indicate what would have been the nature of those concessions. Our fanatics will not see, or rather will not own, that it would have been impossible for the Regency to pacify Spain.— No treaty can exist between despotism on the one side, and liberty ou the other—between fanaticism and the spirit of toleration. Consequently do we find that the first conventions concluded between several Spanish Commanders and the Prince Generalissimo have been in formal opposition to the Decrees of the Regency, and the intentions which it had so frequently manifested. From the existence of those conventions it was not difficult to foresee what kind of arrange. ment would terminate the struggle, and the inutility of the efforts of the fanatical faction to preserve its domineering influence." The following is an extract of a letter, dated Ma drid, 11th August, which we received yesterday :- 6' There is an understanding between all parties that a Constitution is formed and agreed upon for Spain ; but it is in some respects so hostile to the present sys tem of the Royalists and Clergy, that the French dare not venture to expose their plans, until the force in Madrid shall be augmented to at least fifteen thou sand men. At present there are not here more than three thousand effective troops. The new Constitu tion or Charter, embraces the French and English systems combined. It is understood that the King will remain at Cadiz until the new arrangements shall be consolidated" Extract of another letter, dated Madrid, Aug. 12: I shall state what appears to be the decided opi nion of every one that knows the present state of the country. That even supposing the French army get possession of the King's person, and reinstate him on his throne at Madrid, yet that still they will be very far front having obtained the object that brought them into Spain. For so great has been the number of the discontented increased in every quarter of the kingdom, by the conduct of the Regency and their subaltern agents, and the natural inertness of the peasantry is such, conforming itself so readily to every the most sudden change, that unless there be a long continued occupation of the country by foreign troops, there is not only a danger, but a certainty of daily troubles and insurrections, which at first, though par tial, cannot long be restraine.! from becoming gene ral. The only means of obviating these troubles, and at the same time dispensing with the presence of fo reign troops, is by some reconciliatory arrangement guaranteed by a foreign and neutral power. But such an arrangement can only be entered into with the re spectable and enlightened part of the nation ; for, as to the Army of the Faith, and those.who think with them, they could not make a stand of 24 hours, once that thehench army shall have recrossed thaidassoa. PARTIES IN SPAIN. MADRID, AUGUST 12. Instead of the union and peace which the Duke d'Angouleme' hoped would have been the result of hi .efforts, and those of the French army in Spain, an impartial observer is forced to avow, that through some deplorable fatality, since the installation of the Regency, everything has fallen into a state of anar chy, the remedy for which appears every day to be come more distant and difficult. The bands of the Faith, the authorities of 1819 restored to their places, the Priests and'Monks breathing fanaticism and ven geance, and the unbridled licentiousness of the lowest dregs of the populace, upon whom alone they exer cise an influence, have overturned and thrown into utter confusion the most prudent plans and best meant intentions. The most respectable, peaceable, and well-meaning of the inhabitants, those who, by their fortune and their intelligence, form the most valuable part of the nation, have been exposed to every species of outrage and injury. In a word, the Spaniard has been wounded in his two most sensi tive points—his self-love and his national pride. Taking the whole extent of the kingdom, we may count 200,000 men who belonged to the National Guard "or corps of Volunteers. It is now considered a crime to have belonged to this body, which was composed of respectable citizens, who equipped them selves at their own expense. A great number of them are now imprisoned, and the rest hunted like beasts. Fifty thousand purchasers of national property have been turned out of their possessions, and maltreated by the-Priests and Monks. Of three hundred thou sand individuals, of all classes of society, who, from their intelligence and acquirements, were attached to Constitutiobal ideas, numbers now fill the nutnerous dungeons of Spain, from which the rest escape only by abandoning their houses and families. Added to these is an immense number of persons who have filled civil and military employments since 1820. All I this multitude of citizens is at present in a state of proscription, and their lives and properties in momen tary danger. The presence of foreign bayonets keeps them silent and inactive, but their sullen and sombre resignation gives reason to fear sooner or later an ex plosion, that may raise a flame of civil war from one end of the kingdom to the other. It is extraordinary that the French do not open their eyes to the fact, that amongst the crowds that' pass their time in vociferating Viva la Religion I Viva la Inquisition! Muera la Nacion I there is not one decent, honest, or reasonable looking person : they ate composed of the very dregs of the lowest popu lace of a corrupted capital. The Grandees and No. I blesse of Spain have neither will nor energ y. They I have no influence in any way, and, notwithstanding the losses they have sustained in their feudal and iother rights by the late Constitutional laws, yet they appear to be perfectly indiffel eat to what is passing, and nether take, nor seem capable of taking, any share in public affairs. On the contrary, the Clergy do exercise a very extensive influence, and it must be avowed that it is in part owing to their active ef forts that the French armies have marched without opposition over Spain. Bat in their effective exer tions for the French they have not been unmindful lof their own interests. Taking advantage of the sup port of the French, who allowed them to have every thing their.own way, they have connived to re-esta blish their dominion over the. peasantry, still more ef ficaciously than it existed even before 1812. The principal causes which have forced the Consti tutional Government to recite to Seville, afterwards to Cadiz, may be set down as follow :—1 st, Deadly hatred between the C'ourntuneros and the Freemasons. 2d, Want of State:men. 3d, Sluggish inertness of the national character. 4th, Incapacity of the Mi nistry, particularly in the Financial and War Depart ments. sth, 111-placed economy when bargaining for loans, by which they lost the opportunity of making them. 6th, Raising the Conscription in three succes sive levies. 7th, Too great confidence in their own power, and too quick a forgetfulness and disregard of the King's authority. Bth, The secret and most active efforts of the Clergy, who organized a most extensive combination 9th, Want of connection and system in the Revolutionary measures. 10:1), Very active foreign agency. 11th, Too long entertained confidence in aid from England. The consequence of these, have been the defection of several Generals, the feeble resistance made by the troops, and the apathy or estrangement of the population. TURKEY. NOTE FROM COUNT DE NESSELRODE, SECRETARY OF - STATE TO TILE EMPEROR OF ALL 'THE RUSSIAS, TO THE REIS EFFENDI, DATED MAY 16. " The letter which your Excellency sent to me through Lord Strangfoi d, which I submitted to the Emperor, is now before me. His Majesty has or dered me to make the following reply : Ile hopes to have the happiness to prove to you how anxious he is for the preservation of peace between the two States. The Ottoman Porte must be convinced of it. The Emperor has claimed the privileges insured to him by treaties, he has shewn openly the dangers to which the violation of them would expose the Porte, he has never been influenced by hostile views, even when his councils and his warnings were misunderstood ; amidst deplorable events he transmitted, through his Ministers and his allies, offers and representations to the Divan, which shew how much he had the in terest of the Porte at heart. " His Britannic Majesty's Ambassador has not , failed to represent. to the Ottoman Government, the pacific sentiments of the Emperor, and the modera tion which had always guided his policy. The Em peror's system is still the same ; he has learnt with pleasure, from your Excellency's letter, that the Porte was ready to execute its treaties, and that, conforming to usage, and respecting the 'r►ghts of Russia, it haJ named Hospodars in the two Principalities, and had given orders to the Turkish troops to evacuate en tirely those provinces, to leave them in the full en joyment of the privileges which ancient treaties grant to them. " This first step of the Porte for the definitive ar rangement of the difficulties existing between the two Powers, afforded the Emperor the greatest satisfac doe, and he dares to hope that the other points which remain to be arranged will be so, conformably to sti pulated conventions. " The steps taken by Lord Strangford, in the ne gociations confided to him, the proof of facts, and of the incontestible results of the orders given by the Porte for the entire evacuation of Wallachia and Mol davia, make the Emperor see the possibility of re newing his ancient relations with the Ottoman Go vernment. It is to this end that the re-establishment of a Russian Embassy at Constantinople will take place, to follow the negotiations entered upon in 1821, upon the same principles, and in the same manner : but this negotiation, though it has no relation to ex isting difficulties, cannot commence till they have al together boen done away. " This result is expected by every one with impa tience ; the real interests of the Porte demand it ; and to prove how much this object enters into the views of his Majesty, he will not, in the present letter, pass over in silence, the observations to which several passages in the Note of your Excellency have al luded, and which relate to the measures adopted lately by the Ottoman Government. Lord Strang ford will present on this head congratulations to the Divan, on the part of his Majesty. The Emperor, my Master, flatters himself that the Porte will appreciate the present step, and the object of the fresh commu nications of the English: THE EVENING STAR. LONDON. TUESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1625. TIIE FUNDS. STOCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE O'CLOCK. Consols opened this morning at 821,;, at which price they have remained steady up to this hour, with little or no business doing, which generally is the case on a Tuesday, as no Express is sent from Paris. Thursday being Settling-day at the Stock Exchange, roost parties are busy in making up their accounts. FOREIGN FUNDS. Little or nothing doing.—Current Prices: Spanish Bonds i, New Prussian 861 /. Russian 861 1, Colombian 371 f t , French &rip 211 1. PRICK OF STOCKS AT ONE O'CLOCK. Bank Stock 226 1 ,1 2 226 3 per Cent. Reduced 83 5 /i % 3 per Cent. Cons. 82% % 3 1 ,4 perCts.96% lh 3 / 4 -4 per Cts. Old 100 N 101 4 per Ct. New 101% A—Bank Long Ans. 21 546 India Stock 263%—India Bonds 595. 61s. Exchequer Bills (01,000) 31s. 325. Ditto Small 325. 355. Consols for Account 82%8 %. We have received this forenoon the following in. tetesting accounts from Bayonne: BAYONNE, AUGUST is. We have received the following communication-:- "MADRID, AUGUST 14. " According to all the accounts and information that we receive from the Provinces, the Government of Spain seems to be nearly at an end. The follow ing is an extract from a letter written by an officer in the army of Ballasteros, who is well known for his attachment to the Constitutional cause." ' ANDtTJAIL, AUGUST 11. The submission of Ballasteros will, doubtless, sur prise all the friends of liberty ; but without entering into the detail of all the causes which have led to it, I will 'content myself with observing. that the Gene ral was not possessed of the necessary qualifications to conduct his army, in the dißicelt circumstances in which it was placed; he was not able to direct the military administration, to combat or to raise the 'Pits of his troops, which were discouraged by a re treat of 180 leagues without any resources but arbi trary requisitions, which would, in the end, have raised the inhabitants against us; the Cortes, from whom we received only reprimands, but no succour, became sensible, when it was too late, of the inabi lity of Ballasteros ; the French have profited by the disorder and by our ditssentions. Some of the principal Officers in the Staff, be ginning with the General, were gait:4d, so that in less than a week we saw an army of twenty thousand men disperse, and, in fine, vanish ; whereas, if it had been properly commanded, we might have acquired the greatest glory. I now expect nothing brat disorder and defection among the rest of our troops, who cannot make any resistance to the enemy. I shall, therefore, take the first opportudity to return to you, and to repose after my fatigues. ' , 4 The following is an extract from a letter, dated Corunna, the 4th inst.-written by a Gentleman belong ing to one of the first commercial houses in Bilboa, who serves in the Militia : I still exist, though by miracle, after the fatigues and the privations that we have endured since we left Bilboa; it is notorious that the column of the militia of the three provinces, especially those of Bilboa, have defended the entrance of the Asturias for two months, without any other aid than three or 400 soldiers of the line, of Campillo ; continually fighting with the corps of General Huber, we arrived here in time to take part in the defence of this town: all my calculations have been false, and except four or 5000 old soldiers, and about 2000 militia, we have no means to oppose an enemy so protected by sea and land ; for our unhappy chiefs, after having compro mised us and taken as from our homes, have basely betrayed us. I see no means of protracting the resist ance of this place, unless we would sacrifice our selves : those among us, therefore, who are the most compromised, are freighting a vessel for England, whence I will write to Bilboa. .We do not know what is passing out of the town, but what must we think when Quiroga, abandoning his soldiers, embarks? Since we have left Bilboa, wehave had eleven militia men killed, SO wounded, and five missing, or pri- soners: "The followin4 letter was written by a person at .. tached to the Regency at Madrid, dated the li.h. We translate it word for word: I Madam—The affair of Los Negros is settled; our triumph is no longer doubtful, any mote than their complete defection, in all parts of the Penin sula. From the , events in Galicia and Andalusia ue may expect the speedy deliverance of our master, which will be followed by the surrender of the for- - tresses which are still in the hands of the Itevolutionivs. I send enclosed a passport for your son ; send it by an express to Carthagena, and per suade him to take ai vantage, as soon as possible, of the assistance or your friends to return to you, and abjure the party ut the rebels: " These three letters shew the critical situation cf ;he Constitutionalists; nothing is wanting to complete it, but the submission of Manso in Catalonia, which is confidently spoken of. When the principal leaders betray their cause, the soldiers are di.Aouraged, the militia are filled with indignation and despair; but these were all that the French had to combat in Spain, because the mass of the population are tranquil spec tators of the struggle, except the small Uitra•ltoy alist faction, which has formed itself at Saragossa and some other towns ; the people in genet al have been deaf to the appeals both of the Constitutional ists and their adversaries ; the peaceable and respect able class desires to see an end of the present troubles at any rate; and what pi ores this is, as soon as the news of a speedy accommodation was published at Madrid and other places, there w•ere.public rejoicings. " The Constitutionalists, in forming their pi ejects of resistance, reckoned upon assistance, and on probabi lities, which have not been realised ; they flattered themselves that, in the end, they should have the sup• port of the English ; they believed there ‘“); 1 1,1 be some internal disorders in France ; they could not persuade themselves that the E ench .army would fight against the liberty of the People : but the French soldiers, well disciplined, well commanded, better paid, and, above all, rewarded as they never were be fore, with titles and Orders for every step they have advanced against the enemy, could not deceive the hopes of their Monarch, who may flatter himself I with having moo brave men to oppose to the. enemies of his Throne. , g The Decree of the Duke'of Angouleme, ordeting the release of pet sons arbitrarily imprisoned, has pro duced in general a salutary effect ; 600 persons con fined in the prisons of Madrid, have been restored to liberty ; about 50 ate to be brought to trial, but these too Naive solicited the clemency of the Prince. The mediation of England is now generally spoken of: the Constitutional patty appear to wish it. Addresses continue to be sent to the Regency, desiring the es tablishment of the ancient system, in its fullest ex tent, and , pamphlets are published, which, referring to these addresses, blame the Prince for objecting to in stitutions which the present state of Spain demands, and predict all kinds of disasters, if a Constitution, liberal even in appearance, is to be maintained." We insert today a copy of a Note addressed by Count NESSELRODE to the REIS EFFENDI of the Porte. The Russian Government, in this communication, professes to found its claims on the faith of treaties, and to feel solicitude for the welfare of the Turkish empire. .It,"however, declines to renew the ordinary forms of diplomatic intercourse by an Embassy at Constantinople until the Porte shall put into a train of execution its promise to evacuate Wallachia aad Moldavia, to grant the inhabitants of those provinces the privileges conferred upon them by treaties, and to arrange the other points in dispute. The language of Count NESSELRODit is modcrate. Letters have been received from Marseilles, stating that the whole of the Turkish fleet has been destroyed by the Greeks, with the exception of ten sail, and that these escaped in a wretched condition. The same letters state that the Greeks have been successful be yond their hopes in Candia—that by stratagem they induced the Ttirks to make a sortie in great numbers from Retimo, where their retreat was cut off. In all, 16,000 Turks are said to have lately met their fate in that Island. In Thessaly, Macedonia, and the Pelo ponnesus, success has also attended the exertions of the Greeks. Grimm.Tart.—Extract of a letter, dated Ang.l : -" Our communication through Spain seems now to be entirely closed, as we have received no letters by that route for some posts. During the last week a party of Seranos and some vagabonds on foot at tacked the Lines and killed eight or ten men and put the rest to flight; they afterwards retired on San Roque, from which place they were subsequently dis lodged, and several of them killed by General Or donnez, who attacked them with about 200 infantry from Algesiras. The Lines are now deserted, and numbers of poor creatures beyond the sheds, and on the neutral ground, crowded together under awnings or such shelter as they can put up. Last night we had a heavy storm of thunder and lightning, with heavy rains. Provisions still keep going round from this garrison to Cadiz, which we learn, from indi viduals who have recently left there, is provisioned for four months. The French squadron seems quite unemployed, either according to their instructions or from being incapable of enforcing the blockade, for the small craft got into the river as they go from tins place ; and although a few have been captured, they form but a very small proportion to the great bulk that have got in safely. Several merchant vessels , however, continue to arrive here, which were bound for Cadiz, but had been stopped, and commanded to steer away for some other post by the French Admiral.'"