Star. — London, England, 1817-09-18 00:00:00

EMB4SSY 7'o C 1101,4. OXTRACT OF A LETTER FP.OM A GENTLEMAN IN THE Still: OF l'llK LATE EMBASSY TO CHINA. " On t'• I , lv 1816, I embarked with se veral 4th Eno.iish Gentlemen, at Macaw; and on the lfitlt his Mapsry's ship AIXEITE, having on hoard his Excellency the Right Hon. Lord Amireasr, Arr.h is ador from the PRINCY ltEr3nNT to the EIIIPK-* f CIVN A, arrived oli the Lemma Islands.— There 1 let the Honourable Company's cruiser Dis cnvery, in whi , :h I ffris:Jar itcd, and went on board Irgare. We had a very lay , ur..ble passage to the Gnlph 441 Chili-le,. by which latter term the Chinese denote ina:e tl, Province in which Ikking is situated. .• On t!le of July, the live vessels, at which the sqoadron was composed. were safely anchored c:F the mouth of the River Pei-ho, i.e. • the Nerds itr,ev,' on which, at the distance Of two day's jour ney, by water, the famous town called Teen-tsin, 6 the heavenly conflaence cif Streanis,' is situated. The veilage that stands at the month of the river is Ta-boo. The lanl all around is so low as to be scarcely distinguishatle from the anchorage, which, owing to the shallowness of the wats is eight or ten miles IfOrn the shore. There ape • reJ here a want of civil zed decency, with which 1 was, qyite surprised. The fishermen were either in a state at canydete nudity, Cf wore a jaekt.t only thrown over their shoulders. The men who tracked the boats against the stream, alter we landed, were also in s'milar circumstances., Throughout the whole of the Provinces of Chih.le and of Slian-tung. boys, at the dr of twelve or fourteen years, went naked.— At '1 a.koo, there is a Temple dedicated to Full, or Fuhtoo, wl:ich is the Chinese pronunciation of • Buddali.' They use commonly only the first sel lable, Fuh ; and hence, according to the spelling of the MS. Dictionaries, Foe, which modern writers have abbreviated to in. " On the Ist of August I went on shore, at the request of the Ambassador, to see brxnso, an Im perial Commissioner there, appointed to receive the Embassy. In this Temple I found an European print of the head of our Saviors. lie was crowned with thorns, and a reed in his hand. This print was pasted on a large scroll of paper, which was, ong up in one of the rooms of the Priests, lied in.:wise vessels placed before it. There was some Chinese writing on the scroll. which I was anxious to read. 'Pie Priest, however, said that the picture was there -:dicated, and be could not take it down. He viewed me a book containing the service, which he said they read when they worshipped this picture.— The service was in an exceedingly mysterious style. could not that evening (it wits now late, and I kit the place at daybreak the next morning) make out the scope of it. This picture, and the name Teen Choo Redone (by which the ltnniish religion is known) were the only vestiges of the Christian religion that occurred in me during the whuleofour journey. " AUGUST I3.—We were entertained at a banquet, given by two Imperial Cunsmissioners, in the name of the Empetor, at Teets-tsin. The same principle which operated, when in Europe inferior food and wine were placed at the bottom of Use table, mani felted ;twit in a different way. The 'toperiall Com missioners, the British Ambassador, and the Com missi inert, Sir George Staunton, and Mr. Ellis, sat on very low cushions, perhaps six or eight inches from the ground, on which a red felt cloth was placed. I am now writing to you from a Temple, in which are upwards of a hundred Priests, and as Many Idols. About fifty Priests worship with morn ing and evening prayers, which occupy nearly forty minutes, images of Buddah. There are three images placed. n a line; before these the Priests burn tapers. • offer incense, and recite prayers, sometimes kneeling and rewating over and over again invocations, and sometimes putting the turehead to the ground, in token of adoration, submission. and supplication.— Day aft-r d.y, and year alter year, this is gone through ; but they never associate with the people of any rank or age, to deliver instructions to them. Indeed, they are not qualified. They are generally illiterate and uninstructed themselves. They are the mere performers of ceremonies, - and should never be denominated by the same name that is applied to the Ministers of the Christian Religion. The multitudes Of people in this country are, in a moral and religions view.sas sheep without a shepherd. Here all dis cussion of the measures of Government being entirely disallowed; all associations of the people for any !suppose whateeer being discouraged ; and no inte rest taken in the acquirement of science, or of a lona ledge of the general affairs of mankind people possessing property and leisure want occupation ; and become commonly (I would not say always) either idle smokers of opium, or active devotees of sensual pleasure. " AUGUST 20.—The embassy arrived at Sung chow, which is one day's journey from Ps king. Here we remained eight days, discussing with a person of the rank of a Doke and others, a question. considered of vital importance by biith parties s yet it all turned on a ceremony. High Officers of State in China, dependent Tartar Kings and Princes, all perform to the great Eaperor of China a ceremony which is the strongest external expression of devotedness and sub missson; which this people, who abound is external forms of submission, have bees able to invest. To Liget down on the ground, to place the hands when tiovrifg, forward, on the &KW and. to strike the fore head, against the earth - once, seems an abundantly, apparent mark of veneration, devotion, or soboussion. They, however, increase this by requiring the person to strike his head against the earth thrice; and they 'increase this, as we do our three cheers, by three Bros three. Between each three, the worshipper uses and stands erect; then kneels down again. This ceremony is called Pan tins ken row, which is reit -roved verbally, ' three kneelings and niniknoeks.'— Some of the gods are worshipped by three knocks, some by six, and Heaven by nine. This ceremony is .by tributary Princes and Foreign Ambassadors per-- formed to the Emperor, for its own sake, and apart from every other ceremony, as an expression of ho. lunge. This is called, by way of erniance, • The C e remoul,' end this ki *hat the Tartars (for they were all rattan who were sent to negocsate) re quired from the British Ambassador. That he should Will net be wondtsed at by many. The Duke at last pretensieS to give way, and on the alter iron of the 28th, at tour p. tn. we set off to the pa. 0 1 Ireenmintyper, and *es travelling all night arrived at day-right the nett Morning.. The hoer i appointed by the Emperor (or, as be is Sometimes I called, • The Son of Heaven') for giving audience, had alr:ady elapsed. ' The Tatars rise early. We were hurried, atteitravelling all night, unwashed and undressed, to the'cloor of the palace. A British Nebleman, representing his Sovereign, and who had come 50,000 miles to the Court of China, demurred, I as was natural, to enter thus into the imperial pre since, and pleaded with the Duke, who came out to I urge the Ambassador into the hall of audience, that the fatigues of the night had rendered him unwell, and therefore requested that the Dnke would beg his Majesty graciously to defer seeing him that morning. To effect this uith his capricious master the Duke went, and said that the Ambassador was so ill he could nut stir a step. This produced a gracious ord. r, that the Ambassador should retire to the house provided for him, and his Majesty's Physician would attend upon him. He did attend. What report he made is not known. He could not in truth report that the Ambassador was exceedingly or dangerously ill. The Emperor thought he was imposed upon, and called a special meeting of his Cabinet ; neither the Duke, nor Princes, nor the Courtiers, who knew the taco of our travelling all night, dared to tell him of it ; his menial servants, who also knew the fact, did hot tell him till two or three days afterwards, when it was too late;. and his Imperial Majesty, in a fit of anger (in the presence of those Courtiers who knew the real state of the case, and could by stating it appease him, but did not), 'decreed, that the Am. ; lbassador should be required to depart immediately. This decree was carried into effect the same day.— At four p. m. we left Ytitn.mingquen. and after travelling all night a second time, arrived at Tung- Chlw by break of dry on the morning of the 10th. 'Die Emperor found out afterwards the real state of the case, and degraded the Duke by removing him from situations of high trust which he held. The Duke is brother to the Empress. Three other per. sons of the first rank were also removed from their offices, and an edict published— [This document ap- , peered in the STAR]—chiding his Courtiers for their hateful indifference to the public welfare, sod lament= 1 ing that selfishness should be carried to such a degree —a thing, he said, which he did not believe to be I possible.. The Duke's most intimate friends, as his Majesty stated it himself., who in ordinary cases pro. teased the utmost attachment and cordiality, smiling and fawning upon him, when they saw him perplex ed and embarrassed by the Emperor's questions put to him, would not, though fully in their power, set him right, or state the truth for him. Every one said, • It is net my business: -A-' Alas,' said the Em peror is his Edict,' on what a dangerous rocky emi nence does a Statesman tread.' And in the next hat adds, t If you had no regard for the Duke, had you none for your country r—Notwithstanding all this, his pride and notions of dignity would not allow him to give an explanation to the Ambassador. He, however, ordeted his own Officers to treat him with politeness, as he passed through the country. The night after the expulsion (for such our departere was), he sent three articles ai a present, or in their phraseology,' a domiticm,' to the Xing of England, and, took three articles from our presents, or, es they called them,' tribute.' One article was the portraits of our beloved and lamented Sovereign and his Queen. l' Seer. 2.—We commenced our return from Tong chow. Time does not permit Ins to describe any part of the country through which we passed 8 mast of it,' indeed, was travelled over by the English and Dutch Embassies in the reign of the late Emperor Keenling, and is described in the books published on ibose occasions. Just before entering on the Yang tze.Keana, we stopped at Kiva.Chow, *here I con.' versed with a Mohammedan Gentleman, its one a the Temples of Buddah, where he was lodging for a day or !wo g ,. Temples in China, like religious houses on the Continent, are often employed as temporary inns by travellers. Government also turn . them to this purpose; hence it is, the temple from which I address you is made the dwelling of the British Am. bassador. Maliommedans are found in considerable numbers in several parts of China. They are allowed the exercise of their religion, and admitted into the service of the Government. The Gentleman I have now mentioned was an officer of government, and another, with whom I conversed at the capital of Keang-se, wrs in the army. I was informed by these ' persons, that in Keang-Nan they have 36 mosques, but unlike the temples of the idolaters in China ; they are generally locked up, except on their Sabbath, which occurs on our Friday. They have a teacher, who recites their service is Arabic. The people also learn to repeat the sei vice, but do not understand it. My informant said, that neither the service nor the doctrines were translated into Chinese; • I should think lie was incorrect. I wished him to inquire amongst his friends, and procure me a book; but he persisted that no book in the Chinese existed. •• I was told that at Kae-fueg-foo, ie the province of Homan, there were a few families deneniinated the Tedou-Kin.Kedou. 1 The religion or sect which, plucks out the sinews from all the meat which they eat.' They also had a Le•fae.sze (Temple of Wor ship) and observed the eighth day as a sabbath. This statement corresponds with what is related in Crosier, respecting the persons considered Jews, and I think' the account hen given strengthens the probability dust they are so.. The blabommetian Gentleman said he thought they were the same as the Teenchoo-Ke dor, i.e. as the Ronne Catholic Christians. " Oer. Ig.—We left Kiva-chow and the beautiful prospect seen !rem it. Opposite to it there rises out of Yang-tsze Kraig, a conical island, called Kir-1 than, • The Gulden Hill.' It was visited by kome of the Emperors of the present family, and is mow merited with temples up its sides and a pagoda at its summit. From the rapidity of the current, the Da. vigation of the Keang, as it is all called for the sake of brevity, is difficult and dangerous. We depended on the wind ; and we never sided at night, which occasioned our stopping whole days at 'one place. and at other times bringing to very early in the day. This' continued sill die 19th of November, when we left the Popsy lake, And changed boats at the capital of Keang-se. Thus for a whole mouth we had delight ful walks of miles into thecountry. The climate was cool and pleasant, and the scenery greatly varied. The batiks of the Yang-tsze.Keang, diversified by' gentle swells clothed with wood, exhibiting every tarns of leafed foliage of every hue, were beautiful. Oa the Po-yang Lake I visited a most romantic spot; ' its Shantung we passed not fax from the birth-plaer, df Colleens ; and at the piece I now mention there is a college at which Choo-100 stze, the most esteemed I commentator on the four books. taught about COO years ago. The college is situated at tie top of glen, through which a clear stream winds its way over a rocky bottom s near the stream are cultivatt d sputa, and op the sides of the hills a variety of tim ber grows. At the top ut the gl-n the Lci;stian. Mountain of Retreat,' lilts its dark rocky summit, and defends the • College of the White Stag Valley' from the northerly blast. Here Chniefoo-stze taught. They shew the rock on which he sat to angle, and a tree yet bearing flowers, which he planted with his own hand ; to pluck the leaves off is by the local magistrates strictly forbidden. u Dec. 20.—We passed the moutrain called Meli. ling, 'which divides the provinces of Keangse and Canton. To render it more easily pissed, a deep cut was made through the solid rock, at its summit, by the.liberality of an individual oho had retired from the Court of the dynasty Yang, about a thousand years ago. His image is now placed in a temple rin the Canton side of ne hill, and divine ht'nours paid to it. But the whole of this land •is full of idols, they worship the work their own fingers have made.' —lshmael, ii. 8. " JAN. 1, 1817.—The Embassy arrived at Can ton. Nearly siz months had elapsed from the time . that I embarked at Mace:. During the cootie., I visited a great many temples: they were commonly in bad repair, and sometimes in ruin.. Those religi ous struttures, somewhat similar to the Monument At London-bridge, called by us Pagodas, and by the Chinese Ya, were many of them falling down. They were built chiefly during the last dynasty. Priests do not live in them, but idols are placed in the different stories, and, from an inscription 1 saw on one, I judge that an idea of placing the idol as near to Heaven as possible, was part of the motive for build ing. The highest are nine stories ; some are seven, some five. They are often built on the tops ut moun tains, where the labour and expense of erecting them must have been very great." IVON-LIABILITT OF CARRIERS. BRISTOL AsslZls. ovum b. FRINSONT AND OTHERS. In this action the plaintiff sought to recover the sum of 415. 16s. and the wattle of four shawls, en trusted to the defendants, u common carriers, to be conveyed to 'Trowbridge. Mr. Serjeant Past., in stating the ease to the Jury, observed that under the decision of Lord Ellenbo. rough, who had ruled as follows: d 4 the law is impe rative, that a proof of the notice of the contract to the plaintiff inust be adduced before the carrier can be exonerated from his liability to the loss:* the plain tiff would be entitled to the verdict of the Jury. Mr. Richard Stat.ley Laytham being called, stated that on the 17th of December blithe took a parcel to the White Hart coach-offiee, in Broad -street, in this city. It contained iitl 3. I6s. in cash, and was wrapped up in four shawls, which were worth about 90s. It was directed to" Mr. James Orem, Trowbridge." Wit ness paid two-peace for booking it. Of his own knowledge he did not know whether the parcel reached its destination or not. It was between seven and.eight in the evening when betook it to the office. Croirsexansined by Mr. Gastme..—The £l3. was a debt which witness owed to a Mr. Bannister, and he bad been desired to pay it to his son. Mr. Oram was a relation of Mr. Bannister. Witness had seen a public notice stuck up in the office, relative to no parcels being answered tor, it lost, unless entered and paid for accordingly. Mr. Baron GRAHAM observed that this fact esta. Wished a notice of public notoriety. Mr. Serjeant Pus contended that the notice, the board, the bill, or ethatever it was, or a copy of them ought to be produced, for it could not be obtained through the medium of parole evidence. Mr. Gatsal.az-1 shall prove the contents of the board by this witness, so that it forms a part of my case. It was true that in some cases the board had been produced, but in eases where it could not be produced to shew the length of the letters, that part was supplied by evidence. Did your hordihip ever hear os a board being produced upon which there was a printed notice to warn persons against the dan ger sit spring guns ?. Or did your Lordship ever hear of a grave-stone being introduced into Court to prove when the tenant died who slept under it? (4 laugh.) Mr. Baron GRAHAM thought that be had trpeatedly heard the question asked, •at Have you seen the board ?" The only question in his mind upon that , point of the case was, whether it was a matter of such public notoriety as it must, in the common course of things, tome to the knowledge of the plaintiff, that a notice to that effect was stuck up. It was nut fit that the board should be hawked about from town to town to prove the publicity of the thing. Mr. Gasituta's cross-examination of the witness continued. Mr. GastLis—Was this the notice you sew ? “ Take melee that no package or parcel whatever, abuse the value oils, pounds. will be answered for unless die value is as sad oaks* k is paid for aseordsngly." Witness—That was the substance of the notice. I have seen it foe a long time in the office, but I did not see it the night I took the parcel to the office. I had seen it frequently before. Nor do I mean to say it was not there on that particular night. I have re peatedly seen it since. Mr. Serjeant Pa4h—That is my case. The parcel never did come to hand, although I esinnot prove it ; but I take it that it remains for the defendants to prove that it did come to hand. Mr. Baron Gammas—lt always forms part of the declaration, that it never did come to hand. The witness Laythans was then called back and examined by Mr. Serjeant Put.. Mr. Hathaway, the book-keeper, told wittsess the parcel was never sent. He said be was afraid it was misl a id ; as h e had written to the pro prietors of the coaches to as certain it. ' Mr. Gases objected to this testimony being re ceived as evidence against the • defendants, in which objection be was borne out by the Court. 141'. GAMS& now submitted that the , action must tall upon two grounds; first, that Mr. Orans had In, property in it, as it was a debt due to Mr, atoni!,ter and secondly, that it had- never got into the pty•srs-, non of Mr. Oram, as the comignce or ennsignte, nei ther had it got into the posscsainn of the deteadants. Mr: Baron GnAllatt observed, that it will in Pr sumed to be in t!..e posless;on nf t!te defeenla .it 'r. mediately it was del,vcred at the cnach•Olce. The Learned Cettncel, upon one broad awl e ,,, ral principle, then contended, that the Ctnecy took the parcel was pyrfec:ly aware of tl . .e •.! of the terms upon wit;ch the cl:liendantL cisrrice., their business. Mr. Baron CitA:l4*.;-.-That matter atis%-e,., : of the evidence, aad Nall le^ for etc ti , tilniinati aw the Jury. Mr. Gasn.re 5h , 411 , 1 avurne that the evidence**, suiheiently pieguant to prove that tact. H. L t , t . ned Friend (Mr. :-Zerjeant Peil) hid cited a ease l which he had said that Lord Ellentc.roueil that it was not encugh that nctiee should be g:tr. but that the person who took the parcel , ceive a receipt for IL Hv ('Alr.Ga-elee) wets:de n -, ture to say that . Lotil Eaenbotough never had held the law to be. His friend 1 , 2.1 said, you In:, actually prove that the perv , rs ;rho delivered the, eel had a knowledge o t tvrrn.: of the nonce.' He should submit that a silt::cierit notice I.; proved ; then it would reir,ain P. point of la.v wcittt l the notice to the :taint was a sofa:tent not;v: to it plaintiff? Mr. Serjeant PELL observed, that as to ci e F, point he should say nothing ationt it :he only ti Wan Lnr.l Ellenbqtough had ; br.t wit be tcr him (the Learned Serjrant) to say unel cher f;is I.nrdshi,i ruled right or it roug ; but lie 4i. k ,N contend, that a carrier scud not rtmeve from his self the liability, unless upcn an txpress contract and the question, therefore, would 1C:43:1e itself HE this, h. id Mr. Lap:inns, on the 17th cf Decemt , when he took the parcel to die other, notice tha: tl carrier would not he accountable for the loss CI a t goods above the value o: 4'5, unless entered and tor accordingly ? Now all the evidence that west that point WAS, that he saw the notice a month tore, and some time afterwards ; therefore, he (!. Learned Serjeaat) could not tell how :re could Lac: that it was up on that night or not, or how no* to Mr. Laytham would be a notice to the pia l e Lord Ellenborough had said, that an rapes' uci: must be given at the time the goods were denvert' or it must be upon an express contract. Mr. Baron GRAHAM observed, that it that avast ` . : decision of Lord Elienbort,ugh, he had considerat .doubts about it. He thou ht, however, that. the was perfectly clear, it pio,l could be adduced the party receiv:d notice at the time the goods delivered; but whether it was a sufficient not. the witness (Laytham) in the present case—he ing seen the notice before and alter the time delivery of the parcel—upca that point it wou, for the Jury to draw their own inference. Mr. Serjeant Pate — " Would your Lordshil your judgment upon the point of the notice?" Mr. Baron G!!AlIAM".I shall not state my mentbut upon the evidence before me." Mr. GASZLEE, in reply, said it was a princii sound policy that the carriers should restrict t selves as far as possible to their liability; and the thing for the Jury.to say, would be, whether Laytham, the plaintiff's agent,. had or had knowledge of the mattner in ,which the deter . . • _ carried cn theit.buainess, at the time be dein the parcel? .. Mr.-Baron GItkRAIT, in summing up the facts the case, obseffed; that the action was brougl the non-delivery of goods; and the delence set was, that there seas such .it public notice put tip; defendant:l' tifEee as not tc• render them liable h loss of any parcel, unless it should be entered paid for as being above the value of ; and question was. whether the plaintiff had .t notit that circumstance? The evidence was that Mr, tham was aware of the existence of the notice a fortnight before, and within a few days itte. 17th of December; then whit possible doubt the Jury entertain that the delendiuts hid chi their mode of dying busiiie.s iu tin short a titni The Jery almort instiunly found a verdict fi defendants. A few days since a toll collector, near Lynn, folk, summoned two commercial Gentleuttl evading the toll, who were severally convicted i full penalty of 4•O g. 0.1 the follotsi:tg inurnitt two Gentlemen summoned the collector ice it..)t ing his name over the tell-house, and crAvicted the penalty ut £5; and alter deducting, their cll. they left the overplus in the hands of the :Mgt to be given to the ettor in bread. BIRTHS. &pc. 7, the Lady of Iteutenant-Cult:ncl Ellice, of the 7. ling I)ragootta, or a daughtt.r. Staub): se'nnight, t he l ady of Major 5t.(3.-0rg.,.,' a A.:. Saturday, at l'Archtittott, th.- lion. Mrs. 1 1 4'.:1.!,-; -: ,t. MILD. Iklanday, at the CLurCit;q ....................... Mr. C,•• is Frederick Smart, et 1 . cu tarolitit • t " mersmfth. Sept. 9at Gillfugham, I.ieutenant Ellj-r, of the ?Ads S'fo meat, to Miss Mos... of Brampton. Lately. is Galway, John V•athO.L.c.n Price. Eli SDK 4 • " Foot, (.0 Jibe tkanor, d: uthter of I. Yelloe,k:c o town. DILP. At 'Farnham Green, on l'eloneay lacr , Mfr. Mary S.:v. rel. Ou the 14th instant, at Bird Paci., Barrett IVarcla,Eeci. la the 71d year nt age. Mond.ty arlmtglu. at tei•! , :r, Caputo I.tgonler Clirprim the half-pay of the littlt reyintent.of lout. Last week. ar Alphington, at an zdvareei/ age, Mrs. I...itort: wiCtow ',LAU late 1.4. I.uecernbe. Lady French Pelham. (bird daughter of the Fart c'Cheete e t . Thursday, the Rev. Mr. John 'I ocher, of Sherbet PCI 1 7 ' curate of Caundle Marsh. lilt dent" was suck!co ;rut performed his duty A* aura: In the rioriirT at thy n's and cl.eu rude on hortyLiack to Longbonno, where ke ^it ' 4, the Rev. Mr. Coun ens; b e way t h ere tett in the patitrir minutes, art/ was touLd a corpw. PRICE Of S tOCKN YE:, I'ERPAY. Dark stnck, I, Incl'a S..ock S ',Ay Ct. Red. shut 1 India lionits, 142 VII r. S per Ct. Cons. 79i{ . Exch. Bills (.2 t. 1.; '2l %;f• re' 4 per Cert..emt .1 Co:I.:. for Ac... W; i 5 :ser Ct. iO6 104 lOR I Lotter! 'haws Xs P V.:L- .....0 ..-------__ COAL Nl.lii.stlP. Is, SEPIEMI3ER 1. %ilia at Marittt. 61.ir F.old• Ha% P'-'t Newenvie 50 3a.. ed. to 4: 4 '. 3t: Snoderbod . IS 5 , ;,, e.l. to : 7 :'• `s" 1 ;tube Coal I SeA. U. 1 C.n,lcrit 0 tai., i.d. _.... H: Ipai wATEIit To AlußßOvit AT LONIw • `i 9. 6 Murairg - • 45 rin. Al:e. f 4 Atterourn : - • LONDON ; ratred and pv1 , 44 ed tty fs 1.1 84". e, I cvle ti Ibte. IU It v: Irt lest Le.t. Calit A t " g:tr. 1114: T.•;. ti head ~ tl enhr; !he ;)s t a 4 Ice." rt F:clith r CO tl ( C F tc . 1 y un< Htia. retract elf ,at :emir.; I nd;,d. 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