Star. — London, England, 1817-07-30 00:00:00

1 r — _, " ~, •:::: . ) . ! si -- ___; , s: -... li. trr; itnenvgi , , .. 1 ' . . . . ... , ..:f. . . . 4c .., . , . \\•l _ . ! o . t.... '1%.• 1...3 - :. .. : . , • * WEDNESDAY, 3 1 • , - -..- A PUBLIC MEETING is to be held at tie lessee ellopie gas / apdelita, coniderfeig the as to etieto a grr of Y LONDON TAVERN, ea THURSDAY, the I hid ea BOMIIIMIR, nature what die ture of the boring poo 1 7 4ertirAspet sett, st Twelve **Cook, sites tbow intwar ellii l4 ll : polllllllllllli.hidl 1 SO testable See to over- Cawing to 3 hithillejolt will consider a CLAN to RELIEVE thy COO • • TRY Be PRESENT INS MISS, to REMORALII2I* diemq sit aim& -LOWER CAPERS, altmcs die POORir RATS. ell e Alba wets these absents 1 1 -41. The ignoraace Q. Mow GRADUALLY ABOLISH PAUPERISM. with all 111 de. ill-treieing of the people. efh/eh r aw l' I " lesdlos sod Injurious tonsevesees. MOZERS DiVIM. the habits of dr hid iven them ugilememaa_ thole_ fo _ owl want the ishou NU 3IBER 9490. PRICE SEVEN-PE/4CE. ARMY CONTRACTS. !tome speedily the present distress of the la. poor, and gradually carry the prosperity of the cooing to a point much higher than it has ever yet attained. Q. Mow can this be dote?—A. By forming well arrangements to occupy the apparent surplus rthethouring poor, who are competent to work in productive emp:oyment, in order that they may main tain themselves first, and afterwards contribute to bear their proportion of the expenses of toe State. Q. Do the means exist by w:sieh emplorient could be given to the unoccupied of the working clams e- A. It appear; to sne that ilie country possesses the molt ample means to attain this object, if they t:-ti, called into action. Those rt,eans consist of land un employed t land imperfectly cultivated t rn.rrey employed unprofitably ; manual powers of 'Axel i 41.. densora!izing, and consequently generating every kind of evil in society ; artificial pr. mechanical agency • aim ost unlimited, and which :eight be made availei hie for the mist important purposes. These are the means. which, if properly combined, ant?cnt into ac tion, would soon relieve the country from paver its • • :ndant evils. Commleariat . Dppirmeat, Tremnry Chatnarie„ /ply, 1917. VOTICE is hereby eves to di Persons desirous ••h•- of contracting to eopepty BEEF and MUTTON to Hu Z.r.a.les•y's Land Panes in Commitments, Quartets, sad Barracks, fit the under-mentioned Counties and Places. Redford, Norfolk, n 0)... (including the Town of Northampton, tinie•eaord,) Nottingham, Berwick, Oxford, acks Rutland, Cheater, Suffolk, Cornwall (including Scilly), Surrey. Devon, Sumer, Demo, Warwick, Durhamlncindlng Holy Island) Westmoreland, Esser, Goner (Indsdliag the City of York, bristul), Cky of Ely and Its Vicinity, Hants, City of Carlisle and do. Hereford, Town of Derby and do. 'Hen ford, Leicester and do. H nate, Wolverhamptonikdo. Isle of Man, Dudley and do. Isle of Wight, • Shrewsbury end do. Kent, Taunton and do. Lancaster, Newcastle and do. Lincoln, North and South Wales, Middlesen, And in the several Counties in Monmouth, North Britain. That the Deliveries are to commence on and for the twenty fifth day of September tint; that Proposals in Writing, sealed tip and m.irked, " Tender fur Army Supplies," will be received at this Olike on or before Monday, the twenty-fiftb darof Au gust, (but none will be received after Twelve **Clock on that day), and if sent by pow, the postage must be paid. Proposals must be made separately for each County sad Island, except for the Coundes comprising North and South Wales, all of which mast be laclsled in one Tender ; as also must the several Counties in North Britain; and each Proposal mast have the Letter which is mimed to the Tender property filled up, by Two Persons of known Property engaging to become bonus' with the Party tendering in the Amount stated in the printed Particulars, for the due Performance of the Contract; anti no Proposal will be noticed unless made on s printed Tender, and the hires ex pressed in Words at Length; and should it .o happen that during the Continuance of the Contract no Ttorps should be supplied under the Contract, the Expense of the Contract and Bend, paid in the first instance by the Cocitractor, shall be reloaded to him. Particulate of the &tracts may be bad upon application at those Chambers, between the Boon of Eleven and Five; and at the Office of Deputy Commissary CienerklYoueg, Idiralsttegh. ANNUAL LB I TING OF THE BARRACK CANTEENS. ipsseasseel Ives dlellk the babies of mammas ; theft, falmboost and Wont of eltundisesa with opposition to each other's inte rests, scansion Wins% strong ' nadonal prejudices, both pada% and religiose, against all attempts on X! part of a manger se improve their condition to may be added, the unhealthy nature of their be what intros principles did you act so as to tnagnift these obstacles ?—.A. On die principle of psolleitiion misty g isms/ of wasting lime and talent , in considering an endless variety of individuateffects, I patiently studied the causes producing those effects, exerted myself to remove them, and by thus acting, it appeared that the same time and talent, when em ployed under the system of prevention, could produce results very much greater than under the system of coercion and punishment. For instance, in the case of habitual drunkenness, it appeared to me useless to apply to the individuals who had been taught to acquire the practice of intoxication, to desist from it, while they remained surrounded by thtcircumstances that perpetually tempted them to continue the habit. The first step adopted in that case, was to convince the partiei, when sober, of the advantages they would derive from haring the temptation removed; which, when attempted in a mild and proper spirit, was never difficult to accomplish. The next step was to minute the temptation; and then the evil itself, with all its endless injurious consequences, ceased altogether. The whole process, when cam• pletely norferstood, is simplicity itself, and may b easily carried intp practice to the fullest extent, by those who possess the usual ordinary talents,and society cold rapidly.insprove without any retrogression.— t whilathe notions which have influenced the coo. duct of mankind upon the present period shall prevail and be acted upon, society cannot substantially ant permanently improve. These notions confine the atm ' tion to ewer, and, from want of useful inquiry, lead to the conclusion, that the tams. horn which they really proceed, however Injurious, cannot be altered or controlled by man. Under such notions the world is now governed. Fa" however, prove, that the reverse of these notiond is true: let men therefore it. Mad to facts, and to facts cart, and it will be obvious, that they can with ease remove the real causes which create bad habits, errocs and crimes; and without difficulty-replace them with other causes, the certain effects of which would be toestablish generally through out society, good habits, correct sentiments, and a kind, charitable, and virtuous condnet, tree from the prejudices that would create unkind feelings, and thence render them unjust tothose whn had been taught 'to differ from them in opinon. It must therefore abso lutely follow, that to attempt to improve mankind on any other principle whatever than by a close, accu rate, and undeviating attention to facts, is as absurd and unavailing as to expect that the most barren soil and sterile climate shall spontaneously produce abun dance; as to expect that a full and steady light .hall issue from the darkest abyss; or that man, immersed in ignorance, surrounded by every vicious temptation, shall be better, wiser, and happier, than when trained to be intelligent and active, amidst circumstances only which would perpetually unite his interest, his ditty, and his feelings. While, then, we permit the causes to remain that must leave mankind in ignorance, that must create •in them intemperance, idleness, uncha ritableness, vice, crime, and every evil passion, and at same time expect or wish them to become the reverse, —there is precisely as much wisdom in such expecta tion, as to imagine, contrary to all the experience of the world, that effects shall no longer continue to follow their natural causes. To inflict, therefore, upon men paws and penalties for having vicious qualities (more unfortunate forthemselves than others) which are produced in them by the existing circum stances, is to tact upon notions devoid of every preten sion to sound judgment and rationality. Q. Has all your practice been founded upon these principles t—A. Yes: and the results have not once lilisappointed my expectations; on the contrary, in leery instance, they have exceeded my most sanguine hopes. It is not. as it appears to me, to any natural superiority of mind, or early acquired advantages (Ise I possess none), that my success in these endea vows can be attributed; but solely to the accidental siecemstance of being enabled early in life to see, in Ca;theimportact benefits that would result to society the adoption of the principle of prevention ; and inning uniformly upon the well-known fact, " that human character is always formed for, and not 4, the individual." Mr. OWEN'S WORKS.—Tiiird Edhink ESSAYS on the FORMATION of the HUMAN CHARACTER. Third Edition.—An ADDRESS to the INHABITANTS of NEW LANARK, on opening the lindtution for the Pomades of Character. January I. late. Second Edltion.-08SERVATIO NS we the EFFECTS if tbe MANUFACTURING SYSTEM. In the Press—REFOß 1" to the Commktee of the Association for the Relief of the Manufactatiag and Labouring Poor, laid before the Committee of the House of Com:nom en the Poor Laws. Also, A FARTHER DEVELOPEMEN7' of the PLAN contained in the REPORT, with ANSWERS to OBJEC. TIONS; to which is added, an Account of the Effects produced upon the Female Prisoners in Newrate, by the Application In Practice of these Principles; carried into execution by Mrs. FRY, and 'other Benevolent Individuals of the 'OCIETY of FRIEND:L Also. now first Reprinted from a scarce and valuable Tract, " PROPOSALS tor raising a COLLEGE of INDUS TRY of all useful 'FR ADES and HUSBANDRY; with PAIR for the Rich, a plentiful Living for the Poor, and a good Education for Youth ; which will be an Advantage to the Government, by the Increase of the People and their Riches." Publifiscd by John Sellers, In 1696. Al.*. A BRIEF SKETCH of the RELIGIOUS SOCIETY of PEOPLE called SHAKERS, in AMERICA; exhibiting the pecuniary Benefits of combined Labour and Eupenditury for mutual Advantages, during a Period of Half a Century; coin snookered to Mr.OWEN by W. S. WARDER, of Phlllidelphia, one of the Society of Friends. AIto,'GROUND PLANS and LANDSCAPE DRAWINGS, exhibiting a View of some of the kneaded il.frA BLISHMENTS; with a detailed Account of the numerous beneficial Effects that. will arise In Practice, frees the peculiar Arrangements proposed. How can they be pnt into action ?—A. liy bringing them all into Ostful and profitable colab;r! r lion, so as to create limited communities of ind:vi. duals, on the principle of united lab Our and expenii. cure, having their basis in agriculture. and in which all should have mutual and cor,mon interests. Q. What are your reasons tor recommending such a combination of human powers ?—A. Toe know. ledge that I possess of the very superior advantages which each person could derive by this means beyond any application of his own exertions for his own ex clusive purposes. Q. What are. those superior advantages ?--A. Communities of from 500 to 1,500 persons, founded on the principle of Aite4,l4bour and expenditure, and having their basks in agiiculture, might be arranged I. so as to give the,.follojtatig advantages to the labour. mg poor, and throuo h h them to- all the oth er c l asses; for every real benefit to the latter must come from the former. TO THE ADITOR OF TI Z 8740. I.OIIDOII, JULY ISTIlt s , 1117. Ptit...At a Meeting . is intended shortly to be held to take into consideration a Plan, which I have pro posed, to relieve and remoralize the Poor, and the unemployed of the Working Classes, I feel it incum bent on me, previously, to put the Public in possession of a greater developement of the principles on which it is founded, in order that the details may be after wards more fully comprehended. An early insertion therefore, of .the following, will promote the object of , Sir, your obliged, 49, Clestlotte.stress, Portlsed-place. R. OWZN. All the labour of the individuals under this sys tem would be naturally and advautageousli directed —first; to procure tor themselves aininclance of all that was necessary for their comfortable subsistence: next, they would obtain the means to enteble them to unlearn many, almost all indeed, of the bad habits which the present defective arrange aunts of society have forced upon them s then, to ' gibe only the best habits and dispositions to the rising ftenerAtt9n, and thus vithdraw those circuinst4nces from society which separate man from man, and introduce others whose entire tendency shall be, to unite them ir sal interest, dust shall it clearly underttmd by "L'oety will afterwards be en a bl e d to cul t i vate t h e I,- rn.m-A ' valuable. the intellectual part of their nature ; part which, when properly directed; will disemer how much may yet be put into practice to promoter human happiness. They will then proceed to create that surplus will be necessary to repay the interest of the carta:, 'ended in the purchase of the esteblishmlr.:, ir- Lifining all its appendages; ',r, in -ether wor.:, the rent of of it. And lastly, to c9ntriboto share to the exigencies of the State, in proper,:on to the value of their property. By these arrangements they will add a new strength to the political power of the country, that few are yet able t estimate. Q. Should the arrangements yod describe be prac ticable, many objections have been urged ag.iinst the plan b—A. Inexperienced as the world is .in re gard to combinations here contemplated, lam aware that many difficulties and doubts will arise in most minds; but if the objections be separately stated, they may be removed ; and an experience of nearly thirty years, added to an unceasing, honest. and I hops unbiassed attention to the subject, assures me beforehand that they may. Q. For instance can the poor and working classes be associated together to act cordially in any general measures, considering what is every where evinced in the state of the workhouses and houses of industry ? A. Trained as the poor have been, And arranged as even the best of thoseestablishments now are, such unfavouiable results must folio's. The poor exist previously in a state of extreme ignorance ; and when they are brought together under one roof, they are perpetually in contact with each other, but without a single principle ul union which 6.1 can uttclerstand. Owing to the bad habits they have Acquired, lied 4 want of proper instruction, rl.ey cantvit discover the mutual interest they have in each other's happiness and es these houses are now ciostitoted, ea effective arrangements can be made to over:ume the one, or tla impart the other. Workhouses and house of indus try have or ipinated with those who head b it a limited knowledge of human nature, aid who were also nn- acquainted with the true principles of pohtical eco. twiny. But very different results may Le made to ensue from the etabtishoueut of these agricultural and manufacturing villages--most of the entries of opposition among the individuals thus iissociated still be removed, and others tending to unite them in good offices and itione iit!rcst will be introduced. BARRACK 01111 CS" LONDON"( less inv. 1817• 1 OTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That theCAN TEENS in the under-mendooed Barracks, are to be Let to the Highest Bidder, fee Oat Year, from the 30th September sot, to vie 4th September, 1811. it is generally known and acknowledged, that from obvious causes greater -eistress exiits among the poor and working classes than they have experienced at any former time. The country, however, possesses the meet ample wasp to eidieve their distress, and a plan hes Imo proposed by me to enable either the Cloirernment, parishes, or individuals, to put those mesas into practice. The plan has been also gene rally circulated, and many objections, as it was anti cipated, have been made mit by those who are theorists only, or who are wholly unacquainted with the kind of practice requisite to give them any useful knowledge on the subject. Many misconceptions also exist respecting the details, which some of lively, .and others of gloomy imaginations, have fancied belong of necessity to the Plan; To meet the objec tions of the first in the most direct manner, and to obviate the misconceptions of the last, I have arranged the subject in the form of questions and answers. ' The principles and plan are now more fully before the public. If the former contsin error, or the latter be impracticable, it becomes the duty of many to expose ei th er. It. however, the plan shall prove, on investigation, to be correct in principle, to be easy of ' practice, and that it can relieve the poor and mem ploygd„4l4be working classes from the grievous dia., IMMO a,ftredatton under which they sear, it beeofossequally the duty of all who minim desire the ppwilpFatlon of the lower orders, to exert them selveointhont farther delay to carry it into execution, la order that another year of extensive and unneces sary suffering and demoralisation, from the want of a sufficiency of wholesome food and proper training , instroand ction, shall not uselessly pass away. No petsou but of unexceptionable character, nor +trilliums for Mork tkt , eve Cutup. or oriru/11 dot Minliglite baliMida de assiste in the cesttant;44 .11M- gie bedews awns! Jo W I own person,' Fl lie *pyramid ; mimeo sondes will be regetred far the regular payment of chi /lent, and all some width may be. come due in respect of the said Canteen, and for the deo per:. ' fonnance of the several eonditioniand sdPulatless et thb haw The person whose proposal shall be accepted, and his swedes, must execute the indenture of 'mastoid covenants relatiog &ems, the particulars whereof may be known by applying to this Mee, or to the Barrack-masters at the several Barracks. The names of two respectable Persons, with their Clitiodan Names, profession., and places of abode, who win join the ..rant eat eating the Indenture as his sureties, must be Inserted In the Proposal., and the tenant is to pay for the stamps, end the Comptroller of the Barrack Department dues net undertake to procure the trout a Sane. boded Proposals, ,addresed to the ConsuroUer of the Barrack . Llopannsser, with the words " Tender for Contests" writes as *theostelde cover, will be mewed at this ogee, on or bee, 701•1“ o'Clock at Noon on Vhdoelday, the ell August mat, dose orbit* by soy proposal racelesdefolahoesesseL Ip the "today Act, Canteens are net 1111Ab l • ila Mu Thor 111. lotted open then. All ponces making Tenders for Canteess are to tale soda that they will be held to the ark: performance of the Covetous of 1 their Lew, and foil payment Other Rests, without say rends. ,Mon or delaction, further deo the Covenants oldie Loan k o dt est fortL—lllo Paul of the Proposal tole as follows To thee...pedlar albs Barrack Department. I hereby offer for the Cameo, at for Or' • Year, frt.. 30th September, 1317, at lath loptamber, 11111, the bunt of Pounds as Kent, and Pounds for the privilege of soling Lkporo. &c. therein, *Oft tagstkor Pounds, and propose Mr. of Ind Mr. • of as my Suedes for the UM& Arandi Harwich. 20filk• W Illositiow. hs as& Sr i. )vtio Wager/. PArsakaitie. tbadasit. Mr& iffirffitiL lino, Soak., NeedolleSome bet Pitt. Pufstrant. litalinsford. Oichilltllr. Oh:hater. RAM°Is. Weymouth. Coydop. Ssonehouse. Plymouth. .o•ll4grtb Infantry. Sunderland. Derebeetera ShorocUffe. Ilmer hielidtts, or Redoubt Winchester. knacks. Windsor Cavalry. Um. Ditto Infantry. Gogert- York. liampton Mort. Yarmouth, Norfolk. GUERNSEY. Vale Castle. RiehmeaL Grand Roque. I.4lmlri. JERSEY. - r • Elisabeth Castle. it. Paten. AL,DERNEY.-I.mlpfy Silt . 1 - • Cues Carnet. Fort Wow. PRICYJINTIIX TO counteract the many attampti fbat w daily made to impose on the owns, a sposiods weapeekos is stead at the Genuine Blactlai prepared 07 Dig . 811 4lti:sea1 are induced to adopt a sew Label, is which tier 97, High Holhoro. Is placed so conspicuously, that they trust an attesdem to this, and the difference of the type, which is unlike aB letter-pause, will 'noble purchasers at once to detest the impositioo. TM Petal 'ago BLACKING, mole by DAY awl MARTIN, 97. High Holborn, will is future be sold in Bowles at, is. sod la. od, each, and a copy of the Label att with WI V DAY osio MARTIN, 97, HO Holism. • Q. Are you the principal proprietor of the works and village of New Lanark, and have you the sole direction and superintendence of them ?—A. Yes. 1 Q. How long have you had the managempnt of that establishment N.-Eighteen years in August next. Q. Of what description is the population of New Lanark ?—A. Of manufacturers of cotton thread chiefly ; but also of iron and brass founders, iron and tin smiths, millwrights, turners in 'mod and metals, sawyers, carpenters, masons, tilers, painters, glaziers, tailors, shoemakers, butchers, ba kers,l shopkeepers, farmers, labourers, surgeon, ministers of religion, ini• strums.* of youth, nale and female, superintendents of various departments, clerks, and police-mea ; form ing a mixed society of trades and work people. Q. Had you any experience among the working classes behest you Undertook the management of the works at New Lanark ?—A. Yes. I superintended large manufacturing establishments in Manchester and its neighbourhood for about eight years preced ing, in which great numbers of men, women, and ch:yrt , were emp l oye d. :net has been the chief object of your attention dsong the number of years that you have had so seentjoysons under your care and sagerintendance It sba rc r.csdiscover the means by which the Condition ' c± . lllmm' and working classes could bl! fitieliorated, benefit to their employers. " I%M what conclusions have you now time upon Ithis subject?—A. That the situation of these classes may be easily grimily improved ; and that their na- ttural powers' may be far more beneficially directed 'for themselves and for society at large, without creating injury of any kind to any class, or to any individual. Q. Have you generally succeeded in improving condition and moral habits of those who have been wider your care Yes; and with even Q. How many complaints have been brought be lore you by the inhabitants of New !.mark , us your capacity of a magistrate for the county ?—A. Not one l iar many years past. Q. Having turned your attention to the subject,. to what cause do you attribute the distress existing among the poor and working classes ?—A. To a mis application of the existing powers of production in the country, both natural and art ificial,*hen complied to the wants and demands for those productions. Mnch of our natural power, consisting . of the physie..l and intellectual faculties of human beings is now. tint on;y altogether unproductive, but a heavy burden so country, under a systerri too which is rapidly drmc ralizing it; while a very large part of our artificial br mechanical agency is employed to produce that which is of little real value to society ; and which, in its act of production, entails innumerable evils of the most afflicting kind, at the present time, upon the pro. deicers, as well as upon a very large part of society ; and through them to the whole of our, population. Q. Does your experience enable you to suggest a more advantageous application of these productive powers ?—A. It induces me to say that they may be applied more advantageously for society, and for the individuals, that they may, with ease, be so directed Q. But will nvo in a community of . mutual ant combined i;:terests. 3 , 2 at in , lustrious as when em• pluyed for their indigidual pain i—A. The supposi tion that they will not,. J prehend to be common prejudice, and.not at all founded in fact. Wherever the experuneut has been tried, the labour of each has been exerted chee , rfully. It is found that amen rata work togethertov . a c:..winmoit interest, each ptrforws his part more advantageously for himself and for so ciety, than when employed for others at duly wages, ur than when working by the piece. 'When empli , ,e4 by the day, they }'eel no interest•M their occupati on beyond the receipt of their wages ; when the.) , wrqc by the piece, they feel too much interest, and ire. quenily overwork themselves, • and iccasion disease, premature old age, and death. When employedswith uther3 in a counutinity of irterests, 60- e a vuasirJ, the labour bcc:;ines 1 1 : !. ‘ 1 th.:se t; ,. tc:nperisE.,