Star. — London, England, 1830-12-03 00:00:00

French dispositions of their officers. The artillery in parti cular, which was the regiment in garrison at Turin, who first proclaimed the constitution in 1821, are animated by a liberal spirit, and are very hostile to the Austrian p ay. The corps of carabineers (gendarmes) has been considerably augmented. The Swiss soldiers licensed to return from France commit the greatest excesses in the en virons of Geneva, in the Canton de Vaud, and in that part of Savoy which approaches that Canton. They reckon twenty two robberies and assassinations which have been committed by them The Savoyards behold with sorrow that the French army is not placed upon a war footing. All the Piedmon tese officers iu garrison in their country speak openly of a coalition against France, and that an invasion is projected for the approaching spring."—Le Globe. The just scorn of a people against a dynasty who arrived amongst us from emigration, followed by the enemies of France, filled all minds with serious inquietude for the fu ture. We listened, without belief, to hypocritical protes tations in favour of public liberty, which facts always be lied. We saw a counter-revolution surround the throne with a cortege of courtiers, devotees of ambition, intriguers of all sorts, priests greedy of power, all in a state perma nently to conspire against the honour of the nation and its liberties. What confidence could be expected from such an order of things ? The people could not reckon upon the secu rity of promises,nor upon the faith of oaths.Theyperceived with pain,under constitutional forms, the progressive march of ab solutism ; they were convinced that the faction would hazard all rather than renounce their projects, and the idea of a definitive struggle became familiar to them. This con stant thought, which reigned in society, caused discussion and eventually inspired that firmness, that exaltation which showed itself under all forms, and gave to them a language proper to hold their opinions kept in a state of effervescence, and to arm them against a traitorous and corrupt power.— This time no more exists ; probity, honour, and virtue sit upon the throne. The Government is composed of men whose patriotism cannot be doubted. The con spirers against liberty will no longer find sympathy ; organized, improved, enlightened, our citizens will fly from their ranks and rally round the Throne—no de ception will be found there, good intentions daily show themselves, for all personal interests aro satisfied and the legitimate wishes of the Nation granted. In such a junc ture what should be the tone of the independent Journals ? —That of well-wishing councillors which should roint out to power errors which it may commit, encourage it in the way of improvement, and render more easy the troublesome task of administration ; to surround the King, elected by the nation, and to inspire veneration and love for him who breathes only for our happi ness. The periodical press accomplished a great duty in preparing the fall of a dynasty inimical to liberty; it has another no less important to fulfil, it is to encourage, by all means, the consolidation of a reign which protects all our rights."—Le Constitutionnel.. CITY, ONE aCLOCK. Consols which loft off yesterday 811 to 82 for the sc• count, opened at the seine price this morning, at present may be quoted 821 1. Reduced 811. The object of the Bank demanding 4 per cent. interest for loans on securities, is not as yet exactly ascertained. In the Foreign Market little doing except in Spanish bonds, which are 151 I. The Dutch mail brings the prices rather lower. We have no political news by the private letters. CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. From the Messages. des Chambres of yesterday. It was reported yesterday evening in our circles, that although the Congress of Brusselle had taken the resolution to expel for ever the family of Nassau from the throne of Belgium, that a son of the Prince of Orange was to be named as King of Belgium, under the Regency of Count Merode, nephew to Gen. Lafayette. Rogier, the Belgian Deputy, it is said, has left Paris this morning, without having obtained an audience of the King. The Animal of the Two Sicilies, of the 22d Nov. states, that a change in the Ministry has taken place there. Consols may be quoted at 820 for the Account, with a good market at present; little doing in the Foreign Market at present. z ,i i 1 a 1 l ri II NAVAL INTELLIGENCE: MAILS AIIIIIVXD Ti.II DAY—Thattan, 1 ; Waterford, I ; Holland, 1; France, 1. The Maria, Lamb, from Liverpool, was on shore at Hopou the lid ult. The Queen Adelaide, Griffiths, from Liverpool to Landes, was lost near Galway Bar during the late gales, and it Is feared that the crew perished. The following vessels from St. Pettraburgh have arrived at Hull : —Pearl, Priest ; Columbus, Nesbitt ; William, Pinnock ; Thomas Hodgson. Garrett ; Murray F.xprets, Joy ; Regent, Quiekfall ; Caw. ton, Lyall; Fairfield, Bloom ; Wilton, Reimers; Carmelly, Kennard ; and True Love, Lewson. DIAL, Dec. 2.—Wind S.R. fresh breezes.—Arrived from the River, and •ailed, the Egmont, Walmsley, for New South Wales. Porrsuouvo, Dec. a.—Wind 11.11.13.—Artived bis Majesty's cutter Antelope, from the Downs. Fistwoure, Dec. I.—Wind to S.S.E.—Arrived bit Majesty's steamer Hermes, from the Mediterranean and &. Ives. Sailed the lieba, Russian Government steamer, for Odessa; and his Majesty's steamer Hermes, for Plymouth. Learn, Dec. I.—Arrived the Janet, Hatdies, from St. Pcteraburgh, and Jeremiah, Many, from Stettin. Hutt, Dee. I.—Arrived t►e Salus, Anderson, from Lkbau ; Lord Wellington, Brown, from Memel; and Cybele, Weekly, from St. Pe tersburgh. Stmotatapn, Dec. I.—Arrived the Grange, Wake, from Gotten burg, and Celerity, Briggs, from Flensburg. Dumont, Dec. I.—Arrived the Ceres, Miller, and Superior, Reed, from St. Petersburg's ; Branch, Patrick ; Venus, Kennedy ; Violet, Black; and John, Lush, from Riga; and twenty-five sail mote from the Baltic, in the Roads. Count Munster had an audience yesterday of the King. Prince Talleyrand visited the Duke and Duchess of Cum berland on Wednesday, at their residence, in the King's Palace, St. James's. The Duchess of Gloucester and the Princess Sophia vi sited the Queen yesterday. Their Majesties entertained the Duchess of Gloucester, Prince Leopold and the Prince of Orange. the Earl and Countess of Glasgow, and a select party, to dinner on Wed nesday. The Duke and Duchess of Cumberland and Prince Leo pold, dined with their Majesties on Tuesday, at their Palace in St. James's. Prince Leopold left town yesterday for his residence, at Claremont. SWING NEAR THE METROPOLIS. -(From a Cot res- Pondent.—Late last night, two troops of Dragoons were , !espatched, a t a l most a moment's notice, from the Horse Guards, in consequence of an express from Egbam, requir jog their presence there. It was rumoured that there was 10 be a considerable muster of the peasantry this day in that Englefield Green, &c. A report was circu lated in th e c ity yesterday, that the saw-mills belonging t o the Government had been burned on the night procading- The extravagance of this report was its own corrective, and 441 1 oar making luquiry on the subject at the Coach-office, at Charing-cross, the only answer was a laugh at the cre dulity of those with whom such a rumour could obtain instant's credence. A gentleman, the proprietor of 40 extensive saw-mill on the Surrey aids of the river, has received a threatening letter from " Swing," bet laughs et 11 4 absurd threat. SECOND EDITION. SOUSE OF LORDS—Tats DAY. Several Petitions were presented against Ncgro Slavery and the New Police. On the motion of Lord TENTERDEN, the Administration of Jur. tice Bill went through a Committee —Report to be received on Ilion. day next. The Duke of NEWCASTLE complained to their Lordships of a letter which appeared the day before yesterday in the " Morning Chro. nicle" newspaper, which letter purported to be a report of a speech made at Nottingham by his Majesty's Attorney General, impugning as wicked and scandalous, a sentiment expressed by him (the Duke of Newcastle) to the effect, shall I not do with my own as I will," which sentiment had referred to the return of members to Parliament for the Borough of Newark ; he would ask of their lord ships if such language was fit and becoming, to fall from the lips of his Majesty's Attorney-General. He trusted that the Noble Earl at the head of his Majesty's government, would state his sentiments on the subject to the Attorney-General ; his object was to call his Majesty's At. tortsey-General to account for:such conduct, when an open enemy attacked him, he met that enemy face to face; but when an insidious one presented himself, he combatted to the best of his power. He would not yield to any one in the country for independence, which he valued in his own person, as much as any of their Lordships, and he could not quietly yield to such attacks. Whilst he was on his legs, he would take the opportunity of beseeching the Noble Earl at the head of the Government, not to agitate the question of reform.—Left sitting. PORE rGN INTELLIGENCE. NOT EXCLUSIVE. Correspondence rtjtV i trsager des Chatnbres. NAPLES, No• 11. Our young monarch does not disappoint the hope which he excited when he acted u regent, in the absence of his father. Every thing in duces us to expect that his reign will be the happiest in the history of this fine country. His Majesty is successfully adopting measures of reform and economy. It is said that the ministry of the Royal house hold will be replaced by an intendant, and that a considerable part of the vast domains which have hitherto been reserved for the chase, will be let, and that the saving which will result from these two articles will be employed In paying off the national debt. Our funds have risen in consequence to 71, with the appearance of further improvement. His AI ajesty has appointed his brother, Prince Leo pold, Count of Syracuse, Lieutenant-General in Sicily, till his Royal Highness can repair to his post, his functions will be exercised by General Nimziante, who has just set out for Palermo. The discharge of the Marquis de la Parma, late Lieutenant-General, will be very agreeable to the Sicilians, sho had many reasons to complain of has administration. General Seluzzo has been appointed to the office which General Nimziante held before, and it said that General Fi langari will be restored to his rank in the army. (Correspondence of the Meseager.) BERLIN, Nov. 23. A report is in circulation here, that important despatches have been received by our Government. It is thought that they contain the news of a change of Ministry at London. if this event should be con firmed, our preparations for war, and those of Russia, will experience a notable check, for it is now known upon good authority, that the war like dispositions of the Emperor Nicholas originate in a great degree in the machinations of the Wellington Cabinet. A war with France would meet with no sympathy here, except among the nobility, or die servants of the Government. Nlany of them, full of martial conceit, already hold in our circles the most inconsiderate language. To hear them iewould be mere child's play to beat the French, because th e y hive no longer the man who so often led them to victory. Our government, on its side, did not fear to excite in the people the sentiment of distrust and antipathy, which it felt itself against the new order of things in France. Our State Gazette, the official organ of the government, also aimed at this object, not by its arguments, for it never makes use o f any, but by its concealments and the disingenuous manner in which it relates the events in France. In its yesterday's number, for instance, giving an account of the sitting of the Chamber of Deputies of the 13th inst. it publishes the whole speech of M. Mauguin, affecting to strengthen by the terms it uses the republican impetuosity of ;hat speaker, whereas it gives only an insignificant extract from the remarkable speech of M. Bignon, passing over in silence all the pacific views which it contains. But this system of partiality is well known, and no lonic' surprises any body. The great mass of the Prussian people openly de. elate against every kind of hostility against the French nation, and feel a cordial interest in the memorable events of which your country has been the theatre since the 27th of July. a DUTCH P.IPIRS. rATITE. SECOND CHAMBER OF THE STATES-GENERAL. SITTING or FRIDAY, Nov. 18. A Royal resolution was received, announcing that Messrs. Van Doom and G. O. Clifford were appointed, ad interies, M. Doom Mi nister of the Interior, and M. Clifford of the National Industry, Colo nies, tte. The order of the day was the debate on the project of law for a levy of the militia of 1831. The Minister of the Interior was present, to defend the law. &tool members spoke on the occasion, some of whom disapproved of parts of the proposed law, but declared that they should vote for it, on account of the urgent necessity of pro. riding for the defence of the kingdom. M. de J oog h e , i n his speech, made the following observations : "It is true we have heard of a suspension of anns, but we do not know the condition or the time of its duration. However, we place entire confidence on an armistice, for the observance of which our security is the word of persons who lately sat here, with their oath to the Conatitu. don in their mouths, chile they now reject a family confirmed by the Constitution, and the fidelity of rebels, whose daily aim is the breaking of oaths and conventions. Let then our motto • watch' ever sound in our ears. Let us remember that our existence and our honour will be lost, if we do not remain with arms in our hands with in creasing energy, by which alone we can obtain a glorious peace. Holland cannot be saved, unless it does not suffer itself to be hushed to sleep by the arts of a perfidious enemy, or if it does not sufficiently exert itself where its existence is at stake, but suffers itself to be suided by the commands or plans of other powers. If there wets still justice in Europe, justice ought to be done to our old country. and it would be acknowledged that a nation which is ready to sacrifice its blood and its property for the maintenance of one country, deserved to be esteemed and protected by Europa .but history, as it were, will have to record in our annals that Europe. and surely to its own loss, has greatly debased itself by abandoning the cause of justice and fidelity, and perhaps espousing that of injustice and the most shame. ful rebellion. Nothing remains to Holland but to help itself, and as a means to this end I readily vote for the law." THE HAGUE, Nov. 30. The first Chamber of the States General has agreed to the law for caning out the militia for 1831. The Second Chamber yesterday adopted, by thirty-six votes to three, the project of law for can. pleting the law of November 3d, this year, for the punishment of the seditious and ill-disposed. A Royal Message was read, with a project of the law for the free importation of corn and coals, per. mitted by his Majesty's reeolutiun of the 6th and Bth of October. SPIRIT' OP TUE JOURNALS. Timm—Last night, in the me Ise of of Peers, Lord Chancellor Brougham redeemed one of the important pledges which he had given to the country to introduce and support reform. The measure which was the subject of his last night's bill was Legal—ecaretly less impor tent than Parliamentary—Reform, though surrounded with fewer die cultic*. and exposed to less formidable opposition. Never was an evil more clearly pointed out, and never was the practicability of a remedy more forcibly demonstrated, both from past experience, and from the existing institutions ins part of the United Kingdom. It scarcely required the minute statements and extensive knowledge of the noble and learned lord, to show the vexation, expense, and delay of the present system, in obliging suitors to bring their agents and witnesses, often from great distances, to the county town, to maintain them these during the assists, and to wait for a redress of wrongs from one six months to another. The remedy which he proposes has the adrz of a tie , experience In its favour, though the details of his bill may d and no doubt, will experience, the meet rigid, though we hope not un. friendly examination. enacts icr.r.—The Load Chancellor Isteeduced hat night his Local Courts' Bill, a measure by which, if he eseasd, he win be the author of ten times more good to the pl ead s sf Ragland, din they have re ceived from any public man since was a kiagplan. if England had possessed Local Courts a hu ttd years age, let assnge of the , counwi—the unpaid magistratss—dre Mee Won. isortsudem that ever disgraced a country calling itself dvilimik the lower seises would not now be in the prostrate condition is whisk they Isfirensesly act. We have no hesitation in saying, that is as far es thus". hep piness of the lower orders are auwainall. tM nelleme . um= • Scotland are of ten times sae value the. all the boned imentutious of &gland, the imilasee ef which PMee over the beads of the poen Why is it that no Basch pawing le esmesseed, std the >htglfi6 paint, win higher wages, dismantled P The en word tad seism no dillulty. There is an a ass, however low is Is lindemil, wits dose sot know that he ems, at all Mass. fora ern within hie ammo 'been iewntW *dee. These h a he time-shop la his wheel be cos st all these ester sad desiend justice. as t iell ingl=t Is ea understood matter, thee so Ms. gistreee will do milting emphoseut to esetber Magistrate t sad a peer mem may run free le Maginot' whitest ling esumsofel Is overemming the en soy. OW Magistrate hesitates to set ; another Magistrate makes it a rule never to interfere in a ease which would be unpleasant in its consequences to a brother Magistrate; a third lies under obligations on account of some poaching affair ; at length the poor man, disheartened, gives up the business for which he required the ' aid of justice. But in esistland the Court of the Sheriff is a Court of Record ; tile proceedings are not arbitrary; the decision cannot be withheld ; and, in care of misdecision, en easy appeal lies to a supreme judge. The litigant owes respect, but nothing more, to the judge ; his aid is no favour, but a discharge of duty. If the lord lieutenant of a county injure the meanest labourer, the same proceeding must be ob. served towards him, ay if he were an equal. The difference between right and jarour is inanense. Hence justices of peace in Scotland have never been able to obtain more than the power to which they ought to have been cot.ferred in England, that of preserving peace and aiding justice in emergencies. The monstrous idea of giving to the land. holders of a county all sorts of discretionary power over the mass of the people, and to make them substitutes for local tribunals, was reserved for England. And England is, we believe, the only country (Ire. land excepted) in which feelings of rancourous hostility are enter tained towards the rich by the whole body of the rural population. The Lord Chancellor will, as we have said, confer • great blessing on the country, by obtaining local courts for the people. The details of his measure will be matter for subsequent consideration. It cannot, however, be expected that so extensive a► innovation, affecting so n-.any interests, and striking at so many prejudices, shall pass without sue ' nunus opposition. In the subsequent stages, all possible objection will be started to it. The eve of selhsh monopoly is keen. Let us hope, however, that justice will be triumphant. The principle is of vast im portance. Let that principle only prevail, and we have no fear of the rest. Subsequent improvements will not be wanting, and thus, at last, England will cease to be the only civilised country in whieh justice is withheld from all but the rich. Monstrons folly to suppose that order can repose on any other foundation than general coofidence in the pro. tection of law TINEL—An evening paTZ 7 r7rrts on what it calls "good authe rity," that the Lonl Chancellor has written to the Archbishops and Bishops, that he means to resign all the church patronage into their hands. Now we certainly have no authority whatever but that of com mon sense for contradicting the report. Why Lord Brougham, $ Christian, and a member of the Church of England, should dispo.‘ess himself of the patronage appertaining to his station in that ecclesiastical establishment to which he belongs, we cannot conceive. His Lordship will do much better to dispose of the livings according to the suggest. riots of his own excellent ur.derstanding : the poorer, to men of piety and virtue in the clerical profession,—the richer, of wire% we believe there are not many, to persons who, to their piety and virtue, add learning and knowledge. POST.—We have more thaTiOnc — "ralTour duty pointedly to observe upon the dangers likely to arise to the Established Church from the pre. sent Lord Chancellor, who has so repeatedly declared himself against all her institutions, having in his gift so great a portion of the livings throughout the country. We are happy to find that our observation. have not been disown away upon the noble and learned lord ; for his lordship, it is positively stated, has resolved to leave all the livings heretofore in the gift of the Lord Chancellor, at the disposal of the se• veral Bishops in whose dioceses they may be situated. This will of eourse afford general satisfaction to the true members of the Established Church ; but will not the less punctilious and conscientious (who have mainly supported him throughout his career) feel sore disappointment at being thus deserted, from whatever motive, by their former patron and most strenuous advocate ? CiraotricLE.—The new Lord Wance or has intimated to the Arch. bishop of Canterbury bis intention to be directed by the recommen dations of the Bishops, hi the distribution of all preferments falling under his gift in their respective dioceses under two hundred pounds per annum. This relinquishment of patronage on the part of Lord Brougham bears, no doubt, an air of great magnanimity and disinter. estedneas ; out ft is a measure which we shall be very slow to applaud, however disposed we may be to construe favourably the merits of the 'eminent person from whom it emanates. What, we demand, have the Bishop. done to entitle then: at Lord Brougham's hands to this boon ? Does he indulge the fond hope that any largess in his power to be stow could conciliate for him the me•nbers of that Church, shom the whole previous tenor of his political conduct has alienated and revolted ? Will the Bishops ever forgive the intrepid representative of the people who exposed the shameful misappropriations, for most part made with their right reverend connivance or acquiescence, of the various funds destined throughout the country to education and other charitable uses; or is ft on the individuals so deeply implicated as a body In those fraudful psculations, that be would confer further facilities of abuse; and are not the motives by which the Bishops are notoriously governed in the distribution of their own preferments, such as make every honest man regret they should possess so much rather than desire to give them more ? Mae are not the times to augment the direct in fluence of the Church. Every man's voice is raised against its inordinate wealth and power • yet here we have the Mall of the People employing his newly acquired authority for their extension. Happily a consider. able portion of the patronage of the Church is in Lay hands. Why should the Chancellor be the first Layman to make a cession of his to the Bishops ? If such a cession be meritorious in him, why not alike meritorious in the case of every owner of an Advowson ? Far better would it have been for Lord Brougham to search out, at whatever pains, the neglected Curates, martyrs to liberal sentiment, or independ e n t character, whom successive Bishops have passed over in every diocese for the purpose of preferring toad-eaters and tuft bunters, and the grace. l ess minions of Aristxtracy. Cliactwict.t.—We observed ys — that as Prussia had most at stake, in the event of w a r, sh e wou ld b e more cautious of coon. mitting herself than Austria or Russia, and that war without Prussia was out of the question. The ifesaaper des Chavebres contains a communication from Berlin, to which we are disposed to attach some credit, that the change of ministry here has produced a change in the views of the Prussian cabinet. "If this event, namely, the change," says the writer, " should be confirmed, our preparations for war, and those `of Russia, will experience a notable cluck ; for it is now known upon good: authority that the warlike dispo sitions of the Emperor Nicholas originate, in a great degree in the machinations of the Wellington cabinet." It is also said, and this is confirmed by the account of every traveller,—that " the great mass of the Prussian people openly declare against every kind of hostility against the French Nation, and feel a cordial interest it, the memorable events of which France has been the theatre since the 27th July.' Let us hope, since the evil genius of Wellington no longer guides the English Councils, the Continental Governments, left to themselves, will pause before they enter on the hazardous experiment of attempting the conquest of Prance. If they wish to strengthen the Government of that country, and to give to the nation a ruling passion, in which all petty differences shall be absorbed, they have only to renew the crusade of Kings and Nobles against the people. But the defection of England from the cause of tyrants is a serious blow. There is no mistaking the spirit which now guides the English Councils, after the affectionate overtures thrown out by Earl Grey to our brave and gallant neighbours. That speech must have shaken the resolves of the despots. We confidently hope, there fore, that the peace of Europe will not be disturbed. In the mean time, the French act wisely in preparing for the worst in time. They have not yet forgotten the way to Berlin ; and. if forced, they may reach that capital with the same case as heretofore. IMPERIAL PA RL IA AI ENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, Drc. 2. The House tract to hear Appeals, and ot fire o'clock procetded with public business. Mr. Harm's, front the East India House, presented returns pur. mane to their Lordships' order. The Bishop of NORWICH presented a petition from a numerous body of Roman CithOliCl 4 in the county of Mayo, praying for a better distribution of the funds voted by Parliament fur promoting education .in Ireland. Lord CA RBURY defended the conduct of those who had the ditto' bution of the said funds, and contended that the money was applied to the purposes of education with strict impartiality. Lord MELBOURNE laid on the table the Annual Gaol Reports. Earl GREY presented several petitions agatitu.t ashtray, and the duty on sea-borne coals. Anti-slavery petitions were presented by Lord Calthorpe, the Bishop of London, and the Bishop or Gloucester. LOCAL COIT NM I. The LORD CHANCELLOR rose to bring in a bill for the beset administration of janstice in Englonti and Wales, by the establishment of local Courts. The noble anti learned lord, in calling the attention of the house to a subject of great importa n ce. was desirous of making an apology far having introduced it to that branch of the legislature. Upon any ordinary occasion he should not have Mt the necessity of such an apology, but a circumstance he had to mention formed at once the motive and justification of his proceeding. It would be recollected by their lowlehips that he gave notice of his intention to bring forward something Malicia' to the subjects of the realm, in typed to the administradin _of justice, and looking to the journals of the other house, their Isuiships would and that, at an early period of the prawn &miss% he had the honour to occupy a seat in this meembly, where it was his intention to bring in the name bill he shenM relent en that occasion to their lordships. Before he had an writtwttudAlor ehteming permission, he was roamed to a sent in that holm. His oandjateeeln the Commons were mot viaticums of the pro genies of the law, -4 be held it to be Impossible foe any gendeman tot acquainted with practical experience in the law, to carry his notice and Intenthm into ether, Thee was the eases of Ids soliciting the at. untind elk to. swears which he could net madder pledged te ewe henna of the mote then the other, lf, however, a iinseden ufos en die pint, he alteuld lay, that home, which amobined lin b In funedene with jedielei nestune, bed meat claim to sob a menenee. In the Haw la id he should hove the einiataaee et nab and Yarned perm% vim bad nate in that and dignified newid ; seen when Mess ind been paned, no imam tal honour, hilhe etlnedes. and dte its of the l and mbininel laws. Enesseqpd by the bert et mesietance t mant ides by the known implehose et the enbjeet 1 enessesged by hie i:lar atonal and personal knowledge of those d e f ects 1 4 . Fad to cure, he threw himself on the indulgers of the bowie, and entreated their lordships to hear as shortly as possible his statement and timid thegrievances which the measure was to remedy. Before proceeding farther, it was due to his noble friends in th e government to state , t h at what he Fad to suggest came from himself as an individual member of Parliament, and that lie had had no opportunity of consulting them. It was a measure proposed by himself in his individual capacity, and not a measure I proceeding from or receiving sanction from his Majesty's go vernment. To that government he addressed it as he ad. dressed it to their lordships, because he would fain hope to induce them to adopt it. The noble and learned lord added, that it was of importance to the measure to have their support; but if he should not have it, he could state again, thut it came from himself. lie need not inform their lordships that there were things in the law. of the country as regarded the constitution of jurisprudence, which requited to be sell examine* with a view to cheaper and more convenient modes of obtaining justice Be should rot detain their lordships on the expensiveness of law, but only remind their lordships of a few facts, which would prove that many parts of our legal establishments required revision and impreve ment. It was worthy remark, that all the suits of law throughout the kingdom were inspected, controlled, and kept within Leunds of the oriversal or common law, by the King's ow n Cour*, which weir itinerant. In Westminster 1411 there was a grind seperireerding power in the King's superior Courts. It was desirable to maintain that superintendence, but he could not conceal from their Lordships, that great inconvenience had long been felt by the suitors attending the Assize Courts. As all suits must commence in the King's Courts, the Realtor and his agents were compelled to resort to the Assize towns from their places of abode, sod to wait for justice until the next Court of Assizes. (Hear, hear, hear.) It followed that there must often be great delay in the prosecution of causes, with great increase of expense. In reeks of great moment, cordiected for the interests of tide and eminent partite, the expense might t.at be felt, but it was different in small causes. lie alluded to the cause') ut poor persons who had not funds to pay the expense of retaining wit. nesses at the maize*, and the coots incurred by long journeys. He wished to impress upon their lordship. the almost impo ss ibili l for such persons with their witnes s es to a tte nd at assites for any length rf time. He had known the assizes at York last a cousiderable time; what had plaintiff to do in such eases ? lie bad his witnesses to pay, and two guineas a day for the attendee cc of his attorney. In short, the ur.. i fortunate plaintiff was entirely at the mercy of his professional ad. Iviser as to the time he might remain at the assizes. When they considered that 8d per mile was allowed for travelling expenses, and that three classes of witnesses were paid for attendance, it must appear to their lordships that a poor person could not pay for such litigation. The noble and learned lord entered en a statement upon the extravagant costs incurred in actions, and thought it impossible to avoid some al teration of the law on the subject. Having been furnished with four bills of costs, obtained from the office of two most respectable attor neys, he found that in one ac ion to recover 4001. the amount of taxed coats to the plaintiff was 2001. In another, to recover 2101. the costs were 701. In a third, to recover 601. the costs were 131. just one-fourth of the debt. Their lordship. would see by those statements that plain. tiffs who had gained vereiicts lost In the first case d'2oo In the second 70 In the third 15 These losses were all costs out of pocket. Ln order to recover 2001. the unfortunate plaintiff paid 701. before be could get any thief; from his adversary. The rate at which witnesses were paid was upon a scale —the first class, consisting of surgeons, physicians, and Purveyors, were generally allowed two guinese per clay ; the second class, consisting of master tradesmen, fifteen ; and labourers, five shilling:. —Those were sums allowed, but it often happened that clients, feeling witnesses to be essential to their interest in a cause, gave more— especially to witnesses of the first clans. In cases where they had to rely on the evidence of professional men, such as .it veyors, artists, and men of science, no prudent and skilful professional adviser would recommend his client to go into Court with a single witness, but the parties must carry with them a crowd of witnesses, whose travelling expenses. at the rate of Bd. a mile, and the daily allowance he had before stated, made a large sum. Their lordships would see et once that in eight or ten days SOL might be expended in costs before the cause came to trial. Such costs in commercial causes between wealthy persons might be well Edover; but what could they say of cause where the sum to recovered was under 501 ? Where the sum in dispute did not amount to the expense incurred in the suit ? When he stated to the house that costs to the amount of 501. might be in curre d by a plaintiff seeking to recover 101. the noble and learned lord thought he made out &ease which required some looking into. When the taxed costs were paid on the recovery of a debt, the plaintiff had stills sum to pay. Ac. cording to the practice of the law, he never recovered the whole of what was called costs out of pocket. lie only obtained the charge.s allowed by the Master, and consequently remained out of pocket. It was int. possible the law could remain without some arrangement on that subject. Taxation of costs was highly necessary, but for that prac tice a man might bring an action and ruin the defendant by excessive costs; but the great remedy for this enormous am o u n t o f costs was to ha ve justice nearer home. (Hear, hear.) The debts which took parties to the assizes were in general small. The noble and learned lord having observed at one of the assizes for the county Palatine of Lancaster, that the sums recovered were low, applied to the Protho. notary to make out a list of the sums for which verdict had been given in 52 cases. The list having been furnished, the average of verdicts for half a year in the County Palatine of Lancaster, con. Mining a population of 120,000 souls, amounted to ito mote than 141. lbs. a lesser sum than that for which a man could at that time he arrested, it being 161. (Hear.) Independent of the verdicts for that small sum, there were some in which verdicts were given for nomi nal damages. The noble and learned lord then entered into a atatementof the number of affidavits filed for debt in the course of one year ; on an average, it appeared that there were in the to tal 92,000 ; 34,000 of which were for sums between 101. and 151. 90,000 for sums between 201. and 601. and the remainder for sums not exceeding, taking the average, 1001. In the counties of Middlesex, York, Oxford, and others, with the practice of which he (the Lord Chancellor) was acquainted, one-third of all the causes for debt were for sums under 1001. leaving the expense of litigation out of all kind of keeping or proportion with the amount sued for. Such a state of things being the case, the question was, how could a remedy be best obtained ?He (the L ord Chancellor) had resorted to the practice of the days of othe*inies,with a view to ascetta'n if any due to guide him could be found in those laws which had now become obsolete. The first point that was suggested in the course of his punuit,were those ancient County Courts which at one period existed with unlimited jurisdiction, and tried all cases, whether civil, ecclesiastical, or criminal. The noble and learned lord then quoted a case tried in one of these courts, situate in the county of Kent, in the Bdi or 7th year of the reign of the Coo • querur, where a question of federal rights was decided in three d. y, and in which the half.brother of the King was defendant In short, these County Courts were the regular Courts of Judicature for all the King's subjects, and for cases of all kinds anal amounts. The noble and learned lord then took a detailed review of the constitution of. the Scotch Sheriffs' Courts. The average ',umber of cases tried and die. posed of, on an average of three years in these courts, was 22,000 ; and take the amount for a similar number of years in England. the average, instead of being 132.000, or six times the amount of the Scotch, as the comparative population of the two countries wanar.ted, it would be found that they only extended to 7,000. It would be found. too, in reference to Scotland, that only an average of one cam out of 117 tried in the Courts below were ever brought into the Courts above. Then with respect to the expense of law in Scotland : the prusecueing of a cute in a Sheriff's Court there for the amount of 10 ,only about 10s; for 201.16 e. for 1001. 20s ; whilst in England a sum or limL cost 131. and one of 121. not less than 51: to be sure costs were fecal by the master on an average one-thirteenth part. The Scotch Sheriffs' I lourti were neatly similar to, indeed they might be called, the remains of the ancient County Courts ; and he (the Lord Chancellor) would therefore wawa with gnat submit...ion, but, be would not disguise it from their lordships, with that confidence also which one ought to possess who had well weighed his subject, to ask haw far the English had done wrong in departing from the ancient eystem,aed how fin the Scotch heel done right in adhering to it ? In coming to this opinion, and before framing the outline of the bill he was about to submit to their Lordships, he had deliberated lung, and had also had many conferences with those persons esteemed the mon learned in the profession of' the law ; he telcrely wished It to be tried a s an ex p er i menta l meseure, sad here w told be ample security provided in the Court. Allure against the poni. billiy of the law being changed so as to become different in diffir. ent places. Let these be, in the first instance, two different heal Courts established where the experiment may be tried, and if It turns out well it Ina, be extended to all ; a Judge Ordinary eheuld then sir in every county a f ter th e manlier o ancient Courts—me eLee a year, but once every month; and a moderate Judge should be appoint, d to try a cause of moderate anwunt ; all Courts of It. quests, and bur!' like, would then necessarily be absorbed ir. these better tours, which the present Bill was intended to establish. The noble and leaned lord next alluded to the importance of proper Judges trying all cases, however small, observing that the small suitors could sot have too good a Judge, or one of too liberal learning, to try the truth of their causes, which, though small to others, ass great to them The principle of the greet charter ought to be Inviolate., namely, neither to sell nor to delay justice. He (•be Lord Chancellor) however, ton. tended that it was sold, if three times a kat cost was charged for procuring it; and if judge ent were retarded by lengthened forms, it was also delayed. Nothing was more common than fur the executor to remain in possession of the legacy, from the repugnance entertained by the injured party to a suit in Equity. It was now intended to take away from the executor all interest in wiehbokling the kw", toy making biro, when ones he had confessed to have it is Ida pommaa pay into Court • sum equal in valor, sad which he amid n o t retake until abet proving an booed acquittele his obligations. Another gaps portant innovation would be the ionemie-ties of Course of liteeoneilc. most, by which the pants. before goner to law, would be aide to salt. mit then ease to the ennaideration and advke of the Judge. In tion. mark. the only country ia which them Coma bad hitherto colonel, they had produced the most beneficial gyre. peed, andblabis eg ,s o number of the awes. (Hear, hear.) The Iw og proa er a a d to observe, that it was now the time, when the &dim rolatiohe : i . 4 ,