Star. — London, England, 1829-06-02 00:00:00

f or m a inliioang that the Wand was net tranquil, or that the authority of Donna Maria was not filly recog nised. 'Under and circumstances the Marquis Pal *ells supposed that no reasonable objection could be 'Urged against the removal of the Portuguese troops to Terceira —a territory which acknowledged her Sove reignty. The movement was one of a perfectly pacific nature, and in no way violating that neutrality Which Great Britain thought right to preserve. tinder these circumstances to send troops there appeared so him (Sir James Macintosh) to be no more a breach of neutrality than for us to send troops from one parish 'to another. The language was certainly used that we would not suffer any attack to be made upon the Azores ; but the course to be pursued had ref rence only to Ter ceira, then under the dominion of Donna Maria. It was said the troops possessed a hostile character; but they went there even without arms—they went to gar. s o on a portion of the territory of Donna Maria. ear, supposing that the embarkation of these troops were a breach of neutrality, did it follow that the thitish Government was justified in pursuing them beer the world for that imagined breach of neutrality that we might have been justified in preventing in our own land? We Might prevent or permit a breach of neutrality in our own dominions, but we were not justi• fled in following those troops to within gunshot of their own dominions. The House will please to consider the condition in • which the faithful Portuguese subject. have been placed, the title of Regent bad been rejected by Don Miguel, nor was the rejection to be wondeted at. And what would be the advantage of an amnesty made with him, or what would such an amnesty be, and where would be the security for its continuance? What could be expected of the man who commanded the late executions at Oporto? What security could be i offered for the man who had scourged Portugal as it had been by the Ministers of Don Miguel? The only security that could be given were the rights of the Constitution— the sole advantage from an amnesty would be to give the daughter of Don Pedro the worst husband in Europe, and to join her to one whose hands were imbrued with the blood of her subjects. An innocent girl, of the most tender years, would thus be entrusted to the mercy of , one whom the Powers of Europe had pronounced un worthy to reign. lf, under the circumstances, Don Pedro contented himself with protesting against the . usurpation of his daughter's sights—if, having no hope from the Governments of Europe, he was determined to await the progress of events, as d th it Donna Maria was to return under his own case, he (Sir J. Macintosh) should not wonder at his adopting such a course, and could not but sympathise in his teeth iv; but he had un derstood that two great Powers I a t interfered to prevent Dcos Pedro from being precipitate upon that point; and he hoped that therwould consider that Portugal could never bete tored to the condition of an indepens eat coon try without an arrangement of its constitutional rights, and whether Don Pedro's claims night not be adjusted without the horrible sacrifice of his daughter. He hoped that these great Powers would take the opportunity of acting on the principle of their right to require that Don Miguel. should give up the claim he had obtained by a fraud practised upon them. It was his intention to re- Praia from any panieolar observations as tothe inter ruptions offered to the Portuguese ships. Upon that subject he anticipated full and satisfactory informa tion horn Government. He referred to it with a view to obtain an explanation, and if he seceeeded in his object, he should consider himself amply rewarded. He could not help aging. however, alit he wished these soldiers of Donna Maria had not been reduced to the necessity of showing the Court of France the wodnds they bad received from the arms of their ancient allies. He wished that an alliance 'which had existed for five centuties had not closed. as he feared the alliance between England and Portugal would now close, in a scene of misery. With regard to the in terroprion of The ships, he thought the capture of the Spanish frigates in 1805 was more justifiable,' yet there wets few rose Englishmen who would not wish that eve,* to be effaced from their . hi-tory. The presets stated' Portugal left this country iu the strange poaition'of being obliged to guarantee the territory of a nation unfriendly to it. There were two parties in Poe.' tegal. the Absolutists and the Constitutionalists. The first Of these were enemies to Britain, and there was nothing to disarm them—they hated this land of liberty. by a native of which the Constitetion was sent to Poe. tugalooder the administration of Mr. Canning. He would not mention the insults that had been offered to •Englishnien at Lisbon and Madeira, for the purpose ri complaining of the Government. He had a high . esteem foe the Noble Lord at the head of the Foreign Affairs, and he was sure there was no man n.ore anxious to discharge his official duties cm scaly ; but he must tall upon the Hahne to observe the hatred enter. tamed by the Absolutists for every Engli.hnian, and every thing that savoured of English extraction, in con sequence of the institutions of this country being op posed to their system of petty despotism. On the other hand, the Constitutionalists were, from the *onto e of their principles, friendly to this country. But while the Ab °lutists leaked to Spain for assistance, their op ponents were obliged to look to the constitutional 1 opposition of France and England, whiCh by its alliance I was bound to all, bad lost oil. The people of Portugal were no fiends to Banal°, and yet England was forced to guarantee the territory of that nation. In hi. opi nion the time bed now vine when the defensive system of Pt:rouge' should be denounced, and the commercial system founded on she principles of Mr. Cannir g.Thosi who acquiesced in the gover ti anent of DOnNliguel created no passing danger, but beacquiescing in and submit ing to on ewe Wed Govet eicest, they placed this count; y in a state of continual danger, greater than could have been contemplated by any treaty of alliance- It this mom, had lost the hearts of the Portuguese, it had no right toeneuniber itself with the defecate of their territory. He *geld now conclude his long address by alluding to mini connected with hopes too rudely crossed. , On the 7th of' Mayobean three weeks ago, et Oporto, 1 ten Gentlemen had been murdered with the 'forms of law, because, on the 16th of May, 1828, they bad toliowed the example of England and Austria, t" tatrtothlllig of Prussia and Prance, in treating Don IffigiM es an today/tut Sovereign. That was their _ crime, and two, with a pretended pardon, were se served for more protracted sufferings. One was sent . - to the sallies at Goa to undergo a lingering death, arid another. wee !rat brother to the Portuguese AM •hestedor at Brussels, was condemned to hard labour for life. Before receiving the punishment allotted to them, they were compelled to witness the murder of their friends. The citizens of Oisprto were muck with horror it taeie inhasnan intl. What, on the 16th Say. Mk had beew the siteation of tbe individual doemetil to Miff? yotting it in the light most favenrableto Din Migaell the ace id what:they hod joiaed wee isee * stbettiessooit war a civil war.:4-c tosaliewos a diimiiid sacsessioss,i on iilleda a mak* Wei.d Oe/lede Pets* IDA** aficetsvardifiti a moat), of stillness sod security tisk t e tt have itecebest sae ttgEr, lie 'grille d . of th eir Wood.' 014 originate in the mere instinct tif -, ee *or s leis& tire airy': eelpaii, it *a Deana ' oft t*' . .iflinfred ever t c vd tr Id kb ist leis* the ,w- [CP in- the fee of the mirth? No l It wait deliberate deflate. of the Powers of lorope, eittillited it potting men to death for having planned resistance to a thsoluticrn that had canted the reptesentatives of these Powers to fly from Lisbon as if it had been a city of the plague. The xecution in effigy had thus been attempted of all the Sovereigns of Europe that had disclaimed the authority from which the sufferers sat Opotto had revolted. It was virtually declaring that it would lead to the slaughter of all who recognised the principle of the great Powers of Europe. The usurper, in fact, an nounced that he would force his way with murder, and hold up bloody hands, telling the Sovereigns who had refused to acknowledge his claims. that he scorned their judgment and defied their power—(Hear). The Right Hon. Gentleman concluded with moving for copies and extracts of communications concerning the relation; between this country and the Queen of Portu gal, illustrative of the several topics alluded to in his sly •ch. The SPEAKER having put the question, Mr. Secretary PEEL rose and said, the Right Hon. Gentleman had concluded his able speech by the men tion of the sufferings of persons in Oporto, but he was confident no sympathy with those sufferings, no indig nation at those severities, would draw the attention of the House from the public policy of this country as it regarded its conduct towards Portugal. Most sincerely did he unite in the hope of the Right Hon. Gentleman, that this country might long be able to enjoy the bless logs of peace, that the passion of peace might prevail, l and he hoped the increase of knowledge would tend to raise the estimation of a state of peace in preference to a state of war. He hoped he should not be mistaken as di.trusting the power of this country to equal her former achievements in war, if war was necessar►. He admitted the antiquity of our alliAnce with Portogal, with whom we were often united in the field of bat:. and of victory. The Treaties with Portugal bound this country to pro tect the territory of Portugal from foreign aggression, but there was nothing in their letter or spirit that bound us to the guarantee of her political institutions. Since isgo, many applications had been made by parties in power in Portugal to have their political institutions guaranteed by this country, but the uniform answer of every Administiation was, that England would not interfere in the internal affairs of any other country. In the year 1826, it was true England did send an army to Portugal, but nothing could be more express than Mr. Canning's declaration at the time, that the army Was not sent tot internal in = terference, but to secure Portugal from the danger of foreign invasion. That being the rule of English policy, there was nothing in the case of Don Miguel's usurpa tion to make her depart from it. Mr. Canning felt that Si Charles Stuart having brought the Consti union for Portugal from Brazil, might cause it to be supposed that we were a p irty to that Coostitution, w!iich was, in fact, formed without our knowledge, and he A Jdi esse..l a circular letter, disclaiming any participatoos i i it,. to all the Courts of Europe; and lest the people of Port u eat should suppose that England was a party to it, Sir Charles Stuart, alter he had delivered it, was recalled from Lisbon. He would readily admit that England had, in conjunction with Austria, endeavunred to im .press on Don Miguel the necessity of his faithful fulfil ment of the obligations he lad undertaken as Regent; but it dirt not follow that we were bound to use force to compel his per formance. It was no part of his duty to vindicate Don Miguel, but the crimes laid to his charge were for the consideration of the people of Portu gal, and not for that of the Government of this country. The Hon. Gentleman argued that England and Austria ought to have threatened Don Miguel until he consented to do justice to Donna Maria; but it would be unworthy of England to offer a single dims, unless she was pre pared to follow up her threats, it necessary, by the con quest (if Portugal for Donor Maria. It would be neither' just nor politic to make war upon Portugal, to place a Soar' eign upon the throne, whom, according to present appearances, they were riot very anxious to have. It was to be regretted that Don Mt. uel should have broken that faith which he had so sole s nty pledged; but that was no reason why England si.ould interfere with the internal affairs of Portugal. He begged to remind the Right Hon. Gentleman, that Don Miguel was not King against the inclination of the people. There oas an insurrection in the North, t ut it filed, which seemed .to stow that there was no decided dis nclination to his Government. Bowyer shamefully he might have broken his engagements, it would be neither prudent nor just for England to make war %l .on Portugal on that account. The Right Hon. Gen leman then alluded to the transactions at the Island of Terceira. The Por tuguese who were defeated in the North, received All ass lum in Plymouth to the number of about 4,000. — It was true that, on the 28J 01 D:cember, the Marquis Barbacena applied for permission to have these troops embarked for the island of Terceira, but it was inti• mated to hint that England could not permit troopi to embark on a hontle expedition from any of her ports.. Terceira was one of the Azores, and at this period i civil di•sentinn prevailed there. He did not pretend' to say that any great danger was to he apprehended from permitting those men to remain in Plymouth; hut the House must see that it would he at least highly imprudent to allow them to continue as a military body, Occupying a most important station. The only thing desired was, that the Officers and men might fie separated, and that they would sta tion themselves in the adjacent parts of the country. Was it honourable to let a people with whom we were not at war see a military force fitting out against them in an English hat boor? Was it consivent, that when this country was in a state of peace, they should suffer five transports to be lying off Plymouth, to be sent out against a country with whom we wete not at war?— Notice was given to the Marquis de Palmella that these emigraps must not rem sin in a military position, and that they must separate the officers from the men. The answer was, that rather than alter their military cha• ratter they would go to Brazil. The Government said they did not wish them to go to Brazil, but they sh:,uld throw no obstruction in the way. If they would Kos the Government would supply them with convoy. The offer of convoy was declined, and it was then intimated to the Marquis de Palmella that Plymouth could not be a port of equipment for hostile foreigners. The Right Hoo. Gentleman had said an application was made for a body of unarmed men to go to Terceira. It was true they were said to be unarmed, but if they had been per. milted to go to Terceira, every object to be gained by armed ales would have been accomplished. The Right Hon. Gentleman was sorry to be under the necessity of stating tarts, hut it was necessary for the justification of the Government with which he was connected. At an 'early period. of these saisoactions, viz. on the 15th of Asigmit,. 1898, which is much earlier than the matters to which reference has been made in the course of the !debate, kW they occurred in the October and Decem 'bet of that yeas', Viscount Itabayana, the Brazilian Mi nisters. opisesed.to lord Aberdeen for permission to said 111* beset!, et popowder and 1,100 muskets to Bra ila., b t lifailho *igate called the Isabel. Lord Legge* Nii..dioiltt would be given provided the ants weft dot to be employed in promoting dissension in Pot lukal. If the•Yimperor if Brazil made war, the British Government would suppOrthis belligerent rights, but they would not consent to dismember Portugal.— Viscount Itabaydna gave a precise assurance that the arms were not to be used •tor the purpose of civil dis sension. The Emperor of Brizil, he said, lamented the misfortunes of Portugal, and it was his desire to avoid taking up arms against her. Lord Aberdeen then gave permission to send the arms and gunpowder, but notwithstanding the assurance he had received, the whole was sent to Terceira—(Hear, hear). When application was made for the Portuguese emigrants to go to Terceira, the Government said, “You have deceived us. We have positive information that the Isabel frigate, with the arms and gunpowder, instead of going to Brazil, went to Terceira." The Government felt it to be their duty to refuse permis sion to these unarmed men railing from Plymouth to Terceira. They did subsequently sail from Plymouth with false clearances. The clearance of the vessels pur ported to be for Gibraltar,Virginia. Rio de Janeiro, and various other places, but the vessels did repair to Ter ceira. TheßiglitHon.Gent.calied upon the House to con sider and decide with reference to this particular case, and the whole of the tran.actiun, whether it would have been conbi%tent for a country like England to permit a military party to carry arms against Poitugal, with whom we were not at war ? We had interiupteJ our diplomatic relati.ns, boesse had at the same tioie our commercial relations withPortuzal.Brazil also continued her con►mercial 'dawns with Portugal. It was under those circumstances the duty of Government to inquire by whom were these troops s-nt. The made inquiry and found they were not the troops of Brazil. L Strang• ford was at this moment at It* de Janeiro to effect an amicable arrangement •between the Emperor mid Por tugal. The st , surence they received from the Emperor D.in Pedro left no room tor the most dist Ant idea that he would attack Portugal. It was consequently clear to the Government that the arnram=•nt MAI fitted out by a private party hostile to Portugal.— Treaties were in existence between England and Por tugal, which we expected to see observed, and surely Portugal had a right to look for the same obterv• ante on the part of England. In addition to the troops at Plymouth they *received . three hundred Ger mans enlisted in the North of Europe, as a reinforce went of the body in England. The House would not admit that the ports of England were to be Made sub ject to the hostile views of private individuals. What was the case when the Portuguese Refugees encamped on the Spanish frontier ? This country thought it 'was the intention of the Refugees to invade Porto fal, and insisted upon the separation of the o ffi cers rom the men. That order was enfofced by an army of five thousand men. Motives of policy requited that Enaland should not allow her ports to be the arena fur the quarrels of other countries. — When the thing was permitted it was a breach of neutrality. It was a just cause of war if .we made oor ports an encampment for the enemies of * country with which we were at peace. When it was found there was an endeavour to deceive, and intimation was made that armed vessels would be em ployrd to prevent the intentions of England being evaded, it would appear upon the face of the whole transaction that the honour of England had been ad vanced by not allowing her prats to be made favourable to the hostile efforts of foreigners. The attempt to land at Terceira had been made in direct epposito-n to the known intentions of the Government. The officer em ployed to prevent the landing at Terceira did not inter fere until notice had been given to the parties, and that no tice had been disregarded by landing of ay.!). A shot was then fired which w.f . °, innately killed one seaman. He had no hesitation in stating to the Right Honour. able Gentleman that he would accede to his motion, arid consent to give every paper which could be made public with dui regard' to the interest of Portugal. If the Right Honourable Gentleman woad (neve tot do cuitents actor ding to the notice in the paper, everyinaformation' that could explain the telatians of this coun try towards Patugal would be wi,lin4ly given by his Majesty's Gni ernrnettr. Mr. BROUGHAM wished,to'prevent the pos,ibility 'of the slightest idea going forth that there was a desire on the. part of his Right Honourable 'Friend to main tain the doctrines imputed to him by the Right lion. Gentleman. He admitted that a Governmenensigfit'be plunged in suc h a state of anarchy that it might be ne cessary f-r the British Government to avoid giving en couragement to one party more than another. and ob serve a strict neutrality; • but he should contend that the principle of non interference had been departed from ir, this care. After the' steps taken by the British Government in the affairs of Portucal, they were bound to interfr re. He did not mean to say they were ender the necessity of breakii-g the peace by military interference; but the question was, whether we should not have interfered in the way of amity by their Consuls, in order to effect that object winch they had b.eu striving for, namely, conciliar nos ? There had been an interference in the affairs of Portugal. Sir C. Stuart, our Ambassador at Brazil, had, with our con currence, acted as Miaister from Brazil to Portugal.— That was an interference en the part of this country. It was not a military interference. -but such a proceeding as involved this country in the affairs.of Portugal. Sir C. Stuart so far interfered as to consult Don Pedro on the formation of a Constitution. The advice of this country was then sent over to Portugal, .callina ors them - to accept the proposed Cobstitution. Did it ro , t then follow that when those who suffered for taking our advice required assistance, .that we should have rendered it, not by sending fleets and armies, but by amicable interference? What right had we to go out of our own quarters to attack Terceira 3 . His Right Honourable Friend had hut been understood. His Right Honourable Friend admitted that it was the right of the Government to disarm an embattled body ot.foreigners in an English port, but he was - desirous of : knowing what right Government had to attack an ex pedition on the high sea? What right they had to say to the emigrants you shall not go to Terceira ? They had a right to say you shall not remain hem., but no right to say you shall go to Brazil and no other place. Portugal was under Donna Maria, whom we ac knowledged.. Don Miguel was a Governor there by some title which it was our duty to examine. He was not there as King.de facto. If he was King of Portugal the more the pity. Without any wish, to pars unmerited censure, he should only say. that the cruelty and tyranny of Miguel had been inadequately stigmatised. He was distinguished as much by meanness as . cruelty, and would be long considered the worst of. monsters. Whilst Miguel remained in his own country and did not proceed beyond its bounds; there might be no further inquiry about him, except holding him a Usurper, and the acknowledgment of another as Queen ; but the moment he broke thole bounds, be made it the duty of every one to investigate his title. The :Usurper had gone beyond his-bounds in the invasion et Terceira. In - that transaction be appeared a false usurper—the miscreant - described by his Right (lon. Friend. ' He was not King tie feet), nor had he any tight at Terceira. Queen Dolma Matta rules there. Why then were the emigrants not allowed to go to Ter. ceira? It could only be because Dun Miguel did not wish them to go these. This country had refused to let the subjects of Donna Maria go there, and it was said that refusal was necessary to avoid war. He admitted that writing should drag the country improperly into war, which for half a century had been the scourge of the world. He rej iced to find that feelings against war were mutual in this country and France. Still he considered that the Government of. this country had improperly interfered at Terceira. It never be longed to Don Miguel. They were Donna Maria's sub. jects, wanting to go home to their Queen's country, and England said, No; you shall not go there, because Don Miguel, who has no fight to Terceira, says you shall not go. That was not all. We lotion ed them to the waters of Terceira. and refused to let them land. There wa. no law to justify the ships of this country following emigrants on tie high seas, but we had not only stopped them on the high seas, but fired upon them in the waters of •Terceira, where they were going as subjects of the. Queen of -Portugal, acknowledged by this country. This he considered an improper inter ference in favour of Miguel. Mr. HUSKISSON gave his entire support to Go vernment in its ',sten-ion to preserve peace. He knew that with the desire to maintain peace they were pie pared to support the honour of the country by war, if war should be unavoidable. He considered the que,- Linn relating to our interference in the affairs of Pot tug al one of great difficulty. It had been occasioned by tLe necessity of the Royal Family of Portugal to migrate in 1807 to Brazil. This country interposed to procure the independence of Portugel. At the separation of the Iwo countries no provi.ion was made for the suc cession. • Don Pedro made choice of Brazil as his do minions, making his (imaginer Queen of Portugal. It was no wonder, in one of the oldest Monarchies of the world, as Portugal was, that a new Constitution should produce agitation. Sir Charles Stuart, without the orders of Government, was the bearer of the new. Con stitution of Portugal • but when the Government of this country heard the fact, Mr. Canning communicated to the principal Courts of Europe that E.igland was no party to it. This country did not give any advice to the Government of P rtugal respecting the Constitution. They did not interfere, as the Honourable and L-arneri Member had stated. They said to Portugal, if you adopt the Constitution take it on your own discre tion, arid England will not corn. lain. If you refute it, England will still n.aintain her commercial re lations with you. The policy tt England was to reconci.e all possible grounds of dissention between Portugal and the whir cts of the Queen of that country. orn, the moment the Consttu lon was amp eclevery state in. EuroFe rec.rgnised Donna Maria as the legiti mate Queen of Portugal. Don Miguel himself solemnly sub.ciitted to the Constitution, and England proved that the trusted be would fulfil his promises. Under the interference of England Dorsi a Maria became the aIE 'need bride of DonMuguei ; and it was supposed that when he attained the age of 2.5 he would become the Constitutional Regent t f Portugal. In such a character ant Miguel arrived in this country, and was received with all the honours due to the representative of our closest and oldest ally. As soon as he had cot rupted the Pottuguese army, too prone to corruption, he dis- Missed our troops sent for the inotection of the new Government, and got rid of out fl et from the Tagus. Having, succeeded in these, the money of England was saved; but perfidy and atrocity in crea.ed, and a disrespect to the Crown of England was the result. The Crown s.f E inland. in its cor porate capacity, was itrulted. as public' grounds they were arguing this question, and while the Go. vernmcnt sit Enel.ind was 'dealing with Miguel on such. terms, and that the motives' of our G eminent (Faling with such forbearance towards him were mistaken, let it be known that it was only •in con. sequence of his insignificance. Ile slid not say that in consequence or all these indignities England should make ear with Portugal, whatever the tyranny might be which he exercised over the people of that country. Miguel by an act of areason' usurped the throne of Portugal, ind it because the duty of England at least to spark his course with every possible repro bation. He feared, nevertheless, that the moral influence of Europe, by remaining passive, ea, in fariour of his usurpation, and therefore he deprecated it. And why ? Because the other countries of Europe un fortunately took the tone horn England, arid silent:y adm.tred the usurped in of that tyrant 7 -(Hear, heal ). The interests of humanity—the honour of Thrones— all the rel.': sans of civil Ltd lite required—that cold blooded cruelty a. d inlam:ius tyranny dernarsee.l the expression ref saw utter abhorrence of his indescribable oppresann with respect to the expedition to Terceira. The Brazilian Authorities were ignorant of the lan, or no communication.mold have bean necrss.ry a. to whether forces or amenuritii n were sent them or not. This country recognised the legitimacy of the Queen of Portugal, and said sl her troops fired upon that Island Miguel should have the roght of blockade, and a sight to interfere. Deception was practised in sotr.e way or other; but until all the documents were before the House, he was inclined to suspend his opinion. He wished Don Migriel•to be malice.' by the House. and stigmatised, as be no cli-uht would be by all posterity. The object of our troops being sent to Portugal was to prevent aggression on the part of Sdain. but not interfere as between the Portuguese people. lie hoped, when the subj ct .came neat under diScussiois. that some poi:its not sadifaewrily ezplaiiied now, would be fully accounted tor. Mr. If. GURNEY deprecated the incestuous marriage of Don Dliguel and his niece. Mr. Secretary PEEL said that the British Governm , nt gave an countenance to any such marriage—neither would they at any future time do so. Lord PALMERSTON said be was glad that the subject had bet n at last brought before the nbtree r the House, inasmuch as the discussion rit to night would show to the world the feelings with which the tyrannies of Miguel—his breaches of faith—his, indiserinsinate crueltiii—his entire abandonment of every mural and politiCal duty, had met with the reprobation of every man who had ri voice to lift in the cause of fair dealing and humanity.. He admitted-that,. upon •geneeel pen,- ciple. we were no: bound. to interfere with the internal regulation of other States; but ay regarded Erglated, the foice of treaties bbund us to act otherwise with re-pest to Portugal; -and he only tVatedthit we had ac ed on the ' , Hong side. It wet *Considered to be the privilege' of England to interfere with theinteenal affairs of *Portie gal ; and, in proof of that .fact, be.seoulal sayorby, had a Portuguese Sovereign issued a psocbrintarionAll bat NOP jects fro m the deck of a British ruisjaast tem? Ant.A.Pos were to be considered of no avail, What was ta Isiscoase.if the promises made by Don Miguel atVienna? Why,evel a y 'subsequent act of his usurpation mado Oad avo; se. 4:1.1 tyranny still morityrinuous. Whaievse our course hap 7 pened to be, no attention was paid to our remonstiancts. British subjects were maltreated—England was so f a r insulted—Miguel betrayed his duty—ube forfeited his mk_ '"