Star. — London, England, 1826-12-15 00:00:00

• ek .44.! 1 7" . A \ cilodi those who are to fill the seat of justice. Unless the Ju es drive their origin from the people, it is im \ possiblt o preserve in all its purity this safeguard to the rights of individuals. These r:ghts it is, legislators, which constitute liberty, equality, security, all the gua rantees of social life. The truly free constitution is written in the civil and criminal codes ; and the tytanny most to be dreaded is that exercised by the Tribunals in the name of the laws. Generally, the Executive ib but the depositary of the common weal; but the Tri bunals are the arbitrators of what is our of n, of the property of individuals. The judicial power is the measure of the prosperity or misery of the people; and if there be liberty. if there be justice in the Republic, it is distributei by it. The political organisation, pro vided the civil be perfect, is soma imes of little conse quence ; let the laws be religiously fulfilled ; let them be as inexorable as f.te. According to the opinions of the day, we of course have prohibited the rack and extorted confes s ions; w•e have alto cut off the prolongation of law suits in the in tricdte labyrinth of appeals. Tne tertit..ry of the Republic is governed by Pre fects, Governors, Correjidors, Judges of the Peace, and Alcaldes. My limits have not allowed me to enter into a detail of their organization, aad of the extent to be given to the jurisdiction of each ; it is, however, my duty to present to the Congress some regulations con cerning the government of the departments and pro vinces. Beat in mind, legislators, that nations are com posed of cities and cottages; and that on the welfare el these depends the felicity of the State. You can never pay too much attention to the good government of the departments. This point is of the utmost importance in the science of legislation; it is, notwithstanding, too much overlooked. The armed force has been divided into four pelts—. the troops of the line, the navy, the national militia, and the military corps of Custom-house officers. The duty of the troops of the line is to defend the frontier. GOD forbid that they should turn their arms against their fellow-citizens! The national militia is sufficient to preserve internal tranquillity. Bolivia does not possess an extensive coast, a navy, therefore, would be useless ; some day, notwithstanding, we may have both the one and the other. A corps of Custom-house officers, under military discipline, is in every respect preferable to simple Custom-house officers; this service is more im moral than superfluous ; it is, therefore, the interest of the Republic to guard its frontiers with troops of the line, and with troops of Custom-house officers against the machinations of fraud. I have proposed that the constitution of Bolivia should be reformed at certain periods, according to the move ment of the intellectual world. The steps to be followed in the introduction of reforms have been laid down as I have thought most advisable. The responsibility of persons in public situations is laid down in the constitution of Bolivia in the most ex plicit terms. Without responsibility, without restraint, the State becomes a chaos. I venture to urge strongly, the members of the Legislature to pass the strictest and most definite laws upon this important subject. Every one talks about responsibility, and there it ends. There is no responsibility, legislators; the magistrates, judges, and public officers abuse their authority, because the agents of the Government are not under rigorous re straint, and the people, in the mean time, are the vic tims. I would recommend the passing of a law which should direct every person employed under Govern ment to give annually an account of his conduct. The most complete guarantees have been established ; civil liberty is the only true liberty; the rest are merely nominal, or have but little influence on the condition of the people. Personal security, which is the object of man's entering into society, and from which the others emanate, has been guaranteed. With respect to that of property, it will depend upon the civil code, to the com ; position'of which you ought immediately to dedicate yolk talents, for the benefit of your fellow-citizens. I have preserved intact the law of laws—equality ; without it, all our guarantees, all our rights are null. To it we must sacrifice every thing. At its shrine I have im molated the infamous laws of slavery. Legislators! Slavery is an infraction of every law, The law which recognized it would be most sacri legious. What right can be alleged for its con tinuance ? Look upon this crime in every point of view, and I am satisfied there is not one inhabitant of Bolivia so depraved as to pretend to justify this most scandalous violation of the dignity of man. One man to be owned by another! A man to become property ! Goes image put to the yoke like a beast! Tell me, where is to be found a defence of these usurpers of man ? Guinea cannot furnish it, for Africa, laid waste by fratricide, only presents a field of crime. The remains of those African tribes having been transplanted here, what Power can zanction the right of property over these victims ! To transmit, to prolong, to eternalize this crime, mingled with torments, is an outrage revolting to our nature. To found a right to possession upon the most savage delinquency, could never be imagined without overturning every element of justice, without the most determined perversion of every idea of our duties. No one can destroy the sacred doctrine of equality ; and can slavety exist where equality is pro claimed? Such contra Actions would be taken as evi. dence of our want of sense, rather than of justice; we should be considered more as madmen than as robber.. If there did not exist a Gnu, the protector of innocence and liberty, I would prefer the condition of the lion, ranging uncon trolled the desert and the forest, to that of a captive at the mercy of a mean tyrant, who, an accomplice of his crimes, will provoke the anger of Ileaven ; but no; Gnu has destined man for freedom ; he protects him, that he may exercise the heavenly gift of free will. By the Porter, arrived at Liverpool, advices have been received from Lima, to the 21th August. Tney state that Bolivar was elected, on the 16th August, by the Electoral College of the city and province of Lima, President of the Republic of I'eru for life, with power, as may be inferred from the preamble to the decree, to nominate hi, successor. The Journat du commerce of the 9th inq. sp.aks of a detachment of the Artillery train which left Per,iignan on the 24th of November, to proceed to Villa F anca for the purpose of putting that town and Mount is in a state of defence. Advices from Cadiz also (not of a very recent date, for they are of the 30th of October) mention the arrival there of two French frigates, the &Ilona and L'Ariege, from ItocheforOaviog on board, iespectively, 315 and :s4O soldiers. LONDON. FRIDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1826. STOCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE O'CLOCK. There has been spin a great deal of bustle and confusion in the Congo) market this morning. Consols, which left off at 78 for the Account, in the house, opened this morning at 77i 78, afterwards declined to 77* to 1, and may be quoted at present at 771 78. The Foreign market is also in a state of great agitation, it being settling day, and already three failures have been declared, two of them Hebrews, but not of the fisst rate. It is difficult to give the foreign prices, as they are continually But/dating. This moment another failure has been announced is the English house, making three in the English, and one in the Foreign house. Current plkces : Old Spanish 13, Mexicans 591 80/, 11, Colom bian 28, 30, 1, 33, Chilian 35 40, Danish 511, Greek 14 16, Peru vian 28 30, Russian 78 81, PRICE OF STOCKS AT TWO O'CLOCK; Bank Stock:l9B 197 198 3 per Cent. Red. 76 1 / 8 75 3 /s 76 Y 8 S per Cent. Cons. Shut. 3/ per Cent. 82 1 ,E 31 per Cent. ReJ. 82 81% 82 3 / 8 4 per Cent. New Shut. 6 per Cent. 1826, 91 7 / 8 92 1 / 4 Long Ann. 18 17% 18 1 / 8 India Bonds 7 10 5 9 £l,OOO Exclleq. Bills 1 4 (1500 ditto 2 6 Clot) and £2OO ditto 3 7 prem. Bank for Acct.l99 India for ditto 236 Cons. tor ditto 77 5 A 78 1 / 8 77 5 /% 78% % By the Fanny, which arrived yesterday at Portsmouth from Oporto, we are put in possession of advises from the latter city to the Bth inst. which, we regret to say, are rather disheartening. A number of passengers have arrived by this conveyance ; and, if they have not abused the privilege, claimed from time immemorial bi travellers, the situation of Oporto and indeed of the whole country may be considered as extremely critical. When they sailed, very serious apprehensions of a visit from the rebels were entertained, which, if well founded, would seem to shew that the well-disposed yielded in numbers, or at least in courage, to the dis affected. We must not lightly, however, adopt a con clusion so disadvantageous to the former; and it would probably be more consistent with truth to suppose that the constitutional cause was only paralyzed, but sat virtually defunct, and that it's enemies were indebted for their superiority to surprise. We learn from the same source, that most of the Portuguese Ministry have proved faithless, and that only two, who, however, are not mentioned by name, have stood the test. We need not say that a report of this kind should be received with a caution bordering upon absolute Distrust ; but as it did prevail when the Fanny sailed, we thought it our duty to lay it before our Readers. We it the a confirmation, by this conveyance, of the horrible excesses committed by the Insurgents at Bra ganca, which they set on fire after they had pillaged it. However, these lawless outrages will recoil upon them wlves at last, by exasperating the people generally against them, who will fight at least for their property, however unwilling they may be to run any risk in sup port of the Constitution. In the mean time the Supreme Government was not deficient in the virtues which the emergency required ; and, as an instance of its energy, we may adduce the order given to the Spanish Ambas• sador to quit Lisbon in 24. hours. This obviously shews, that the Regency was far from being intimidated by the events that had taken place; and, as the Ambassa dor had solicited permission to remain for a few days as a private individual, it might be pretty safely inferred that he saw with dismay the dilemma in which his Court had placed itself by having countenanced the invasion, and exposed itself not only to reprisals on the pact of Portu gal, but to the powerful resentment of G:eat Britain.— This apparent disposition on the part of the Spanish tepresentative to conciliate the Court of Lisbon, is an important passage in the history of these occurrences, as it presents his Government in the act of deprecating the fearful consequences that may arie out of us parti- cipation in these transactions: We cannot omit noticing here, that neither in the pre. sent, nor in the preceding, advices from Portugal, is the last allusion made to the French Government, or to its representative in that country, which is a strong presumption that the one, in these extraordi nary circumstances, has given no cause of umbrage, either direct or indirect, and the other no suspi• cion. As the state of the public mind was such as to be prone to unnecessary alarm, instead of shewing a criminal apathy, we infer from this omission of all allusion to France, that her policy was regarded as perfectly pacific ; and as this inference completely agrees with the formal assurances of that Power itself, as well as o ith the declarations of our own Minister, we adopt it with the less hesitation ; whilst we hail it as a new pledge—that our prompt and energetic inter ference in favour of Poi tugal, will not lead to an inter ruption of the harmony now so happily subsisting be tween France and Great Britain, Other accounts of the same date as the preceding are not quite so alarming, as they mention that the consternation which had prevailed at Oporto, in con. sequence of an expected visit from the insurgents, had subsided, it having been ascertained that they had not advanced farther than Miranda, which is about 100 miles fiom the former City. Another circumstance which had served to rally . the spirits of the inhabitants, was the reported arzival of a considerable detach ment of British troops from Gibraltar at Lisbon.— Besides, it was currently reported this morning in the City, on the authority of letters from Paris, that the rebels, who were marching upon Oporto, had been de feated. The same letters mention, that the greatest cordiality subsisted between our Government and that of France on the subject of Portugal, and that they were determined to act in concert, for the purpose of re-establishing tranquillity in that country. It is also stated that the French Cabinet, upon being apprised of the measures adopted by this country, expressed to our Ambassador its unqualified approbation. Roston Papers, received at the North and South American Coffee-house, to the 19th of November, bring accounts from Laguira to the 17th of October, which state that great changes, and for the better, have taken place. At the meeting of the people, called by General PANII, at Caraccas, it was resolved to discharge the force, raised for its defence ; and that a deputation of respectable persuus be diapatchcal to Bogota, w re present the wishes of Venezuela, and to place things as they stood, before confidence is again restored. The Chilian squadron has arrived at Rio Negro. We have received this morning Hamburg!' Papers to the 9th, and Dutch Journals to the 13th inst. ly the former we have advices from St. Petersburgh to the 25th ult. at which date the winter had not yet set in there, though it had made its appearance several days previ ously in some of the southern provinces of the empire. We learn, through the same channel, that M. Do i BATCREWSKT, the Russian Consul General in this country, retires at his own request, and is to be replaced by M. BENTHAUSEN, the Vice Consul. Accounts from Archangel state, that the Shipping season closed there on the 25th of October. The number of vessels which arrived at that port during the year amounted to 211, of which 171 were English, or three-fourths of the whole ; and who will venture to say, after this, that our commerce and navigation are in a declining state, or that our resources generally have suffered any material diminution ? There are no accounts from the seat of war on the Persian frontiers, and as no news in this instance may be termed bad news, we are rather inclined to infer that the difficulties which the Russian army encounters, are much greater than the Government thinks it advisable to admit. It is a contest, obviously, in which little is to be gained, whilst its expenditure is a very serious consideration for the Russian Government, which will incapacitate it at least for a time, from exer cising its usual influence in any other quarter. The power of that unwieldy State has been very much dipped since the demise of the Emperor ALEXANDER; and some years, or we are egregiously mistaken, must elapse, before it will be able to repair that loss. This last consideration will not be lost on the Court of Madrid, at the present juncture. We learn from IlJniburgh that the new Austrian Loan has been taken by the Contractors at 86 ; and we congratulate the Austrian Government upon the con tract, for had it been delayed a little longer, it would not have been so advantageous. In the mean time it will enable Austria, who may be termed the steadfast friend of England, to take a more imposing attitude at this eventful moment. It appears, by advices from Copenhagen of the sth inst. that the corn prices have improved throughout Denmark, and that the accounts from her West India islands hold out the promise of a more productive crop than had been known for a great number of years. A mail has also arrived this morning from Rio de Janeiro, bringing accounts from that Capital to the 26th of October inclusive. However, they notice no political fact of any kind; whilst they announce that the Empe ror has selected as his patron Saint, his namesake ST. PEDRO DE ALCANTARA, and that the permission of the POPE has been solicited and obtained for an appoint ment, which is fo secure here and hereafter, the felicity of the Brazilian Nat'on. We have received Singapore Papers of Intetmediate dates between tl,e last and the preceding arrivals from that S ttlement, which, though of some interest, we must omit for the present, in consequence of the press of more importalt matter. The French Papers which arrived last night, contain intelligence from Madrid to the 4th instant, which so far from con- firming the reports circulated yesterday of FtRDINAND having di ll . missed his advise! s, merely announces, that a new circular had been issued by the Superintendent-Genetal of the Police, directing all the Inferior intendents throughout the kingdom to send him within a month a list of every person, whatever be their sex or age, wha were considered to have been attached to the Cunstitutional System, to have served amongst the National Volunteers, to be suspected of Freemasonry, to be Liberals, ultra or moderate, to have acquired national property, or to have acted in any capacity, even the humblest, under the Constitution. The conduct of those indiv:. duals since the Amniall of that system is to be described, and they are to remain a marked and distinct race. If they, their chilth, ni or even their servants a.k for passports to go beyond the limits of their respective Communes, they are to be refused, unless ti , est should prove the absolute necessity of their travelling, and in :'I:C case information is to be immediately sent to the Office of :I , e . Superintendent General, in order that they may he closely watched wherever they go. Any Police ()Meer denouncing an assettd..l 4e of nut more than six of these individuals, even if the object !or which they meet should be unknown, is to receive a reward of 2000 reals, and to he promoted. Such are the new regulations adopted to tranquillize the interior of Spain ! A letter from him, also dated the 4th instant, says, that during the preceding three months a great number of Monks, in secular habits, and other agents had gone into France to purchase equipments and arms said to be for the Royalist volunteers, but since known to have been sent to the Portuguese Refugees. Two thousand muskets made in Biscay, and deposited at Vittoria for the service of the Royal Spanish Guard, had also been forwarded to General Lomax, on the frontiers of Portugal, and by him given to the Portuguese Rebels. So urgent were the orders issued on that occasion, that all the carts at Vittoria had been seized, even those which conveyed the Cus tom House accounts and produce to Madrid, in order to expedite the transrnissal of arms to the Refugees ! Considerable enlistments were taking place in Navarre and the neighbouring provinces; and the Clergy are represented as having taken upon themselves the payment of the new recruits at the rate of five reals per day. These Papers contain no intelligence whatever from Greecei Turkey, or Russia. CITY, ONE O'CLOCK. The Money Market opened this morning in a very feverish state, and at the commencement of business it was Impossible to get a fixed price, 77j 81 71 being the running fluctuation. Since that period, however, the price has become more settled; and Consols for Account have crept up gradually to 78j I, a; which they are now quoted. Money Stock has also improved since the opening, 3j per Cents. being 821, and 3 per Cents. Reduced 761 g. A defalcation is reported in the Foreign Market ; but this ha had but little effect on the various securities. Mexican 6 per Cents. being about 601. Colombian, 31 to 33; and Chilian, 35 to 40. Colombian Stock has been done at 28 during the morning. The Continental Securities are firm, Russian Stock bears a quotation of 76 to 80; and Danish, 531 4. Spanish Bonds remain nearly ae during yesterday, nor do they attract much attention. Portuguese are 68 to 6, ; but there is little business doing in them. Shares .re without any inquiry. Brazilian are quoted at par ; but this Market is nearly deserted. CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. Consols for Account have Improved to 7111; but it is stated that several failures have taken place, and great alarm exists that more will follow. The Foreign Market has also improved; the Mexican Bonds are 631 4, and Colombian 34. SmaU Exchequer Bills aiv 6 7, and the large 1 4 prem. FOREIGN FUNDS, TWO O'CLOCK. Brazilian Bonds, 5 p Ct. 59 7 1 Wu. lids 1825, 6p. Ct. 60 11 1 ColonitdAn Bonds, 6 p 1 GS 3z 3 Do. Bonds, 1824,30 31 10 32 1 Do. Acct. 601 1 21 231 32 331 33 Peruvian Bonds, 6 p C. 30 Do. Acct. 30 31 301 321 33 Portuguese Bds 5pC. 67 65 Danish lionds,3 pCt.53 21 31 4 5 Pruss. Oda. 5pC. 91 Greet Bonds, 5 p Ct. Russ. lids, 1822, S p C.BO D0.80nd5,1825,5 pC. 151 41 5/ Spau. Bonds 5 p Ct. 13 121 1 Acct.l4l 151 161 I Ditto Aect. 121 _ _ Mex.Bonds,s per Ct. 51 Ditto Acct. BRITISH AND FOREIGN Fr. Rentes, 5 p C. 94f Exchange, 251 50c SHARES, TWO O'CLOCK. SHAWL ?AMD. Anglo Mexican 100 7S 40 424 Brazilian 100 20 26 S 5 28 S 7 Colombian 100 15 9 10 11 Potosi La Paz and Peru. Ass. 50 6 .91 15.. United Mexican 4O 27i 17 161 Ili The Duke of WELLINGTON and Lord FITZROY SO. MERSIT, were yesterday at Woolwich, inspecting the preparations which are making, in the Royal Arsenal, to embark the equip- ments destined for Portugal. This morning, about ten o'clock, his Grace the Duke of Weer.rwor,lo left his residence, accompanied by a blilitary Officer of rank, in his travelling carriage, attended by a single out rider. No sooner was it made known hat the Gallant Duke had departed from Apsley House than a report generally prevailed that his Grace bad left Town for the purpose of taking the command of the British Army in Portugal. The carriage proceeded down Grosvenor place, in the direction towards Vauxhall-bridge, at a very rapid pace. The Noble Duke looked remarkably well, and wore a travelling dress. THE LORD CHANCELLOR —The answers given this day to the inquiries after his Lordship's health were, that he was rather better. The Earl of WItSTMORRLAND visited the Duke of Yoa K yesterday. The Marquis de PALMELLA, the Portuguese Ambas sador, transacted business yesterday with Mr. Secretary CANNING, as his office in Downing-street. Ltd BATHURST, Mr. WYNN, and Mr. HUSKissoN, bad a consultation yesterday at the Foreign Office, with Mr. Secre tary CANNING. We are happy to learn, that the brilliant Speech of Mr. CANNING 'S on the Knues Message, will be given to the public in a few days in a corrected shape, together with one delivered at a dinner given to chat lit. Hon. Gentleman, by the British mer chants at Li►bon, in 1816, which has never yet been published. Mr. &ureter y CANNING, we are happy to state, was yesterday considered completely recovered from the slight indispo- sition, arising from his splendid and strenuous exertions hi the House of Commons, on moving the Address to his Maartsry as Teesday last. Dispatches, dated the 4th of September, were received yesterday morning, at the Colonial Department, front Lieutenant General Sir G. L. Cots, at the Mauritius. _ _ _ The Duke of SussEx attended a meeting at the Me. chalice Institute last evening, and distributed two purses of IQ/. each, to a journeyman shoemaker, for an essay, and the inventor of a machine for cutting combs. Colonel Danmass, the enterprising African traveller, has sailed from Plymouth for Sierra Leone, in his Alajesty'. 'hip Conveys Captain HALLOWILL. Mr.bA LY, of Galway, and Colonel LESLIE, ci dernt of Monaghan, are to be raised, and speedily, to the dignity of 'he British Peerage.—Freensenes Journal. MANCHESTER ) DEC. 12.—Since our report of the state of trade on Tuesday last, the demand has conti nued very good, and today we have had a very a n'• mated enquiry, and considerable business has been d ,ne in manufactured goods, particularly prints, power- 1 ( 0 'n cloth, and velveteens. _ _ _ An Inquest was held yesterday, at the Half Moos, Gracechurch•stteet, on the body of a respectable elder 7 unknown female, who had been °vet taker, in the 13 (rough ► very ill, by Mr. Brown. Mr. B. took her to have a small quantity of spirits, in the hope that it would revive her, but she died almost immediately. It appeared that the rupture of a vessel near the hea horn fatigue, had caused death. J .. w FRENCI) PAPERS. FROM THE JOURNAL DES DEBATS• LISBON, Novsum 25. The day before yesterday, the Chamber of Deputies Continued the discussion on the plan of its internal re gulation ; and yesterday they discussed the Report of the Committee nominated to examine the bill of the executive power presented by the Minister of War, touching climes which are punishable by Courts Mar tial. In the Capital everything is qu'et, but we have good reison to believe, that events of great importance are about to take place in the Peninsula; for, since the return of our Extraordinary Ambassador to Madrid, nothing but war against Spain is talked of, and as we shall be supported by England, our powerful Ally, there is no doubt that victory will range herself on our side. 7aOM THE *TOILE 0? TUESDAY. PREISTI Larrsa. LISBON, Novamssa 25. Some news, which arrived the day before yesterday, from Eras, announced, that the Portuguese deserters, Infantry and Cavalry, armed and mounted, were on the frontiers. The news of yesterday announced their entry into Villa Viziosa, accompanied by two pieces of artil• lery. They had surprised some men of the 7th, and had taken borne baggage. To-day and to-morrow, our gar rison sets out for Alentejo. Orders have been given to the Commander of Beira, who may have horn two to three thousand men, to march on the refugees. At nine o'clock, yesterday, the English Ambassador had an audience from the Regent, when all the Mi nistry were present. lam assured than Don Francis- co d'Almeida had directed an intimation to the Spanish Ambassador; that his functions had ceased. The Mi nistry does not appear at all alarmed, which leads us to suppose that they calculate on England. If the troops, which are now marching against the refugees, fight against them, the affair will be finished imme diately ; if, on the contrary, they join them, they may, in a few days, be at the gates of Lisbon, which our ml. litia will not defend. The Count de Villa Real, the Portuguese Ambassa dor at the Coon of Madrid, is on his return with the members of the Embassy. He requested his passports as soon as he learned that the Spanish Government in tended to allow the deserters to re-enter Portugal in arms. We have learned that the departure of the Por tuguese Embassy was followed by Notes addressed to the Spanish Government, by the Ministers of England, Fiance, Austria, and Russia. THE EVENING STAR. Au 4S Na of offe yea ger bee daj tat sea