Star. — London, England, 1808-02-25 00:00:00

Mr. TIERNEY considered that great confusion might arise In practice from this inconstant proceed idg. Suppose the embargo were taken off, and an American Captain were to bring a cargo here on the faith of a. Bill renewing - . and confirming the former Atnerican Treaty, he might lose his cargo aftercards by . the effect of the subsequent BilL ,'s wouldap- . pear to him enact of positive swindling en the pato( , 1 is country. . Mr. WHITMCEAD. considered that there *ell ieveril provisions in the Orders of Council which ?wee! could be executed, and that - the bare attempt to. execute them would infallibly produce an A.merican !war. It was generally supposed that the embargo 'was not levelled at this country.only, but was occa sioised by the - Unreasonable dematds of France. Mn. ' ROSE Said; that the Non-Importation Act. , ileskelkod andost , exclusively at the productions of 'this countri._ I-. - - • • - • . - The . CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER' sawn° reams* - believing, and did not. elieve, that either the present circumstances of affairs, or the rhear sures then under consideration, would induce the Arne- Ocans to go to war with this country. Such a war mitt)* as contrary to their interests, as it would be to thessishesOrhis"Majestfs Government ' • but in case they should determine o n war, this bill for cont" nnins thetreatt; subject to some exceptions, could be mainediately repealed. He must again repeat, that the only reason for 'proposing this Bill at present was, that the former Act would expire in the course of the next Week ; and it *as therefore necessary, ..(if it was not wished that it should immediately expire) that some Act to continue it for a time to be limited should be passed by Monday. • ; '4fter some conversation , t he first clause was' agreed to. • Upon the second clause, which was' introduced to prevent the exportation of Jesuit's Bark, • Mr. WHITBREAD rose and said, that upon this. claase he was determined to take the . sense of the • Committee. He believed the Right Honourable; Gentleman (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) h ad ; been much deceived when he stated the other nighti that bark was so scarce in Paris, that the price of iti was seventy shillings a pound. It was possible that, a particular species of bark, the red bark, might be at that price ; but that species of bark which was ge-. nerally used, was certainly at nothing like that pncet The red bark was alio dear and scarce in this coun-i try. ?le objected to this proposed measure of pre4 venting the exportation of bark, because, in the first place, he conceived it a measure futile and absolutely nugatory, which could have no possible effect on the contest in which we are engaged. His information I was, that there was at present a suffitient supply in i France, not only of bark, but - e ven of su g ar, to am 1 swer die colts4inoo9ll for two years. It was not, ; theiefore,likely, that those measures could produce i any immediate sensible pressure. He therefore con sidered, that the 'measure, as proposed for the pus pOse of forcing the enemy to a just and .honourable • peace, was fut/le, childish, and nugatory. - He objec \ ted however, to it, more strongly on account of its 'attestable principle, which was • revolting to every feeling. of . humanity---(leud tries of hear, ! sear'!)— Virlicrwas this measure of retaliation directed against, and who were to suffer by this privation ? It was the sick, the helpless, ' and the infirm. it' was against the hospitals of France that our retaliation was to-be . di= rected. The Right •Honoarable Gentleman- seemed to be determined to wage war, neither upon the prinv elides of civilized warfare at the present day, nor even upon any principles of war which history could shew excet in times . of the most remote antiquity, He should have considered that this couatry is also much indebted to foreign commerce. He -should have recollected that this very drug does not. grow in our territories, but in our enemy's colonies. Would not our enemieshave then the power 'of retaliating di rectly upon us ? and could not Spain say, You your selves shall no longer receive that medicine which you wish to deprive us of? Was the Right Honourable. Gentleman so little skilled in the medical science as not to know, that this WAS a drug for which many substitutes could be found ? Many instances could be found in history to shew the folly of resorting to those 1 . .. • malicious practices ; and if there were persons whose feelings were dead to what humanity prescribedeven in war, those men might even, from the cold calcula tions of policy, learn that generosity even with an enemy was the most effectual way of carrying one's point. There was a period in this war, when it was 1 before stated that tere was a reat scarcity licenceGovernmentthen for the exportation of it ; but the French Government weld not give a licence to suffer it to be imported. He hoped the Right Honourable Gentleman would •tpon consideration give up that detestable mode of ' warfare that he had adopted. Upon the same prin. ciple that it could be stated, that it was an object to this country to prevent the cure of diseases in France, it might also be stated that a multiplication of disease was an object, and then we would be justified in con veying pestilence and all 'tanner of disorders to that country. If, however, feeling was not to be allow, ed to determine this question, he was sure that sound policy would reject the measures proposed by the Right Honourable Gentleman. - It must he recollec ted-that at one period of the late war, the Govern. . meta of this country acted upon the principle of star.. ving France. These measures, however, were com' pletely ineffectual, and by the dispensations of Pius. viol:No.4in a few years afterwards, this country wars itself reduced to the greatest want of provisions. It had then no other resource but the Continent ; an& it must be recollected now, that all the ports of dm Continent were shut against us ; and that, by the manner America was treated by the present Mini.:, sters, that country could be no longer looked to for a supply. Although at present there was no scarcity, yet a very few months might again bring us into the same situation, and our sufferings would be then tin. relieved and unpitied. The other nations would the* say to us-- 3 " Aye, you may starve, you recollect that' you deprived our sick of every necessary which l in c e w cD uld withhold from theirs." We should not t deserve the pity of mankind, and would be consider ed as a detestable nation, that was suffering a well merited punishment for the crime it had committed against other countries. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, in reply to the Honourable Member . , mid, that as to his :apposition that ther e was no scarcity of bark i n France and therefore that this measure must be in egects;l, this was a fact upo4 which be was eomplete- an d it was his duty tie enlace them! 1 7,;`7 1 o f t hose 7419 n was not within his poi- Itio*tr es _r: e d w h o lly midi the. House. It teas now , ce , = ars s i n ce the House had' euFelvSli TO tedl. lfroln727*Grarsa CoMmittee.. The Statedag Or of t he House made in 1773 certainly required, A in tte rs relating to trade, and maths* any al rthaef s hould originate in a Committee of Pla'A n- n le Haig ; and it Was.to be recollected, that , ttco•";-soitteo of Ways and Means, which was al. ' IP ' - Commi ew years t tee of the Vole House, had' only la a a very f been ceinfined to the coniide of finance ; and though it was n o w . # l°-f matters ractice it was for the Hoof t 9 'detes t* toastan t l the ' t h ou ght themselves heund . brA.• vije how fax Y . BARING said, thought the 'bill • Areg ulation of trade as much as a matter 0 11 1 . an d he was sure that as a regulation of trade, 1.41110 o f t he highest Importance. and oughtelbt to ":: 12s coos Idered in a hurry. It had been put into hie 0 ..1, 4 that day, and from what he had seen of' it, Zr- not t he most able and este:iv:4o nierchant. ;oddnot be able to draw any conclusion on ii in the d at e the House was expectedtto do so. He wish. *gt td b a efore, for some Wir r de i n' ' ROSE said a few words in egplanation. Lied TEMPLE.saisi he would ask a single clues , which would put the matter out of doubt -7 c oa ti the duties be petitioned against,,by the suer. c lots to be affected by them,. n the coarse of the ro s i o n t He, wished the Speaker to enqyire „b io me if it was A fuer matter of, regulation, PEAKER said, he could, view the Bill in • oo o e light b,wan as it Wse. as a mea sure w o f Wiria Mers ;sued as such,they 5941.n0t oo • s pout the duuea unposed lip its i ttio , A &js tkentook place on, Mr. Tierney s Mo tioter-Isyrtclss-40e5,.118-44:6rit_Y, 63._ o a be s ot again admitted into the gallery. Ths .ctIANCELLOR of. the LXCHEQUER ids mo ving the Ord}! of -sito Day, for the liouse to 1 0 into A Cemmittoe o n the Orders in Council Bill ; ad that it be an instractiatt to the said Committee to g ag into consideration the Mani* Treaty, Which ss o agreed to. /SWEDISH COMMERCE. Mr. EDEN rose 91 demand information from his st s jesty's Ministers with respect to the effect which Asio acts wouldkave upon, the trade of Sweden. If country was to have her share in the burden of * s us, she would also. expect her share Of the bene t ofwhat commerce was all Owed to exist.. could not have any groat ptedilecticni for pa) ing% sr 90 per cont. As the case now. stood, it would ap pear, that if an American ship bound to Sweden hher al' cotton on board, the ship might be first brought wan English port, the cotton taken out,. and then s iege duty required on the remainder of the cargo. . The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER aid, that it was certainly intended that articles of the spoliate. of the enemy's countries or colonies should s, as mach •as possible, prolibited. At the 'same; h e admitted.that it was but fair that Powers _spying an war together 'foe a common object should Intake of common .benefits. The mattes - therefore , Widish the Honourable Gentle o'.an alluded; woUld 'hese subject of figure upangement.with the Court s of Sweden. Mr. WHITBREAD asked, whether there had bets any concert with Sweden previous to those acts? TbeChancelior of the Exchequer made no reply : and Mt. WHITBREAD then said, he must presume, from hissiltste, that there had been no previous con cert with Sweden. , ORDERS IN COUNCIL AND AMERICA!: TREATY. The House then resolved itself into a Committee on the Orders in Council Bill. Mr. TIERNEY found fault with the inconsistency of continuing the Act of the 37th of the King, which placed Americans in many instances on the same footing with Englishmen, and at the same time pas. sing legislative enactments which deprived., them of kw advantages. Mr. ROSE thought, at the;tinae when 'America prohibited the importation of almost all our manufac tures, she could not complain of us for putting her only in the situation of one of the most favoured neu trals. The indulgences, however, which were now granted, might, according to the express proviso of the act, be repealed in the course of the present Ses sion, if it was judged necessary. Mr. TIE R EY said, that all he found fault with was that two Acts, absolutely contrary to each other, should be passed at the same time. He did not think thematter was at all mended by stating, that every thing in this Act renewing the treaty might be repeal ed in the course of the present session. The first in stasce of such kited of provisoes was in the Tax Bills • - tithe Right Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Rose) ; and since they were introduced, there had been a greater negli ' rice than formerly in drawing up Acts of Parlia ment ; and it bad become common to bring in Bills to explain a Bill, to amend a Bill passed in the same session. Without meaning to state whether th.: Bill fix renewing the . Treaty ought or ought not to pass, he could not but condemn the inconsistency of two contradictory Bills passing the 'House. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER replied, that the Bill for continuipg the Act confirm ing the American Treaty, did net originate from any compact between the two Governments, but from the eircumstance of the old Act being upon the point of expiring. That Act, therefore, must either be suffered to expire, or else be renewed by Monday. It there fete appeared to him, that as it could not be expected that any Bill, founded on the Orders of Council, which would necessarily produce much discussion, could be passed through both Houses by Monday, it was the best way to pass a Bill renewing the Act of the 37th of his Majesty generally ; and then any sub sequent Bill, which should be thought proper, after a full discussion of the Orders of Council, would point not the exceptions which it would be necessary to make. This was the sole reason of that apparent inconsistency of which the Right Hon. Gentleman complained. Notwithstanding the embargo which the American Government had laid on, hislidaje..sty's l Plinisters did not with entirely to change the cont-1 menial relations between this country and Amelia. That Act of the American GOverisnent might pro ceed from the spleen of the moment, and be scant at: pealed. At all events, the Legislature were expressly illabied by the provisoes of the Bill, to gaits . repeal the course of the Se asien if they thoseillt_ptrapar. • • Cleat Wa s last "eel that rt dse siesse dithisdels, time saisimiltp 00_311*amt- ly at issue with hint. its Inul istformatlal t that thes e were most pressing orders la Leaden for Isart to be sapot apa t , t r aopiosall ems ' •possible facility ; ITO7, - is, mind ott the part, at the ird•a Gen t. rie , • -• : there did mat t h at tlili I nsteetre woulditaireleine illsasP- -, _ .-411r' . 054 . ; .. shotddisigtrist Ai . effect in convincing Europa that the d ry 'hitch trait that no quilt& tine was now pursued w as 'tin two disadvgatagetnis tO lisp . ( 3° "... . °Warn ', !-- -- - - --- /L.... - 111 / 4 )It 4 , "4:' umicgs' ... •,- •. . , - to Wes, that tote the Continent than ea this country. It would, -there., deeree I . - MI,: Willd 'wee lose be qualified to brrak down that suaittn stttem The . ebnee t i te " _ L . 4 . , :•-; 41 which is put‘e f ilagaiitst this country, a perhipi to to Put sbon .thr an ere. ,was voas ai la - ... • .- !. . . ucethe en te some modification 0f *lee meio., eletu tli , . , wes, which he would perceive were asictiodriabeial to be .. a ihr i . 4 aecao-7. , ... . .8 16 ...; l e . ad to Jim as they cm be to us. If, as the • 41111,31 ..."! 7 thetflOnsislesolittiooliestositimittoning it-. ev"einan had said,., should sb°uld Prove *ea' 'rettflasaabce trliciribillowitsitt taTo;a7-ellectionsaro Or* futile and .nugatory. it, must then be allowed - es _. • ... , Iti wk a uti fied . _ f theorreituTh the bave Tau ri nst a go sa them at- that' that it could not'prodike all those Misehidi istd suf. ille.Vas . , iniiascovedetvoisitfonelidethatioldityhditalt'astirrsaimaimotesi of web ', ferings which he hsalcieseilbed ; but if, oi the othet lire* ..hand, it did occasion - considerable distress to the tree - 'He 'was Inst away . l . the-,factl'u6it:l4lawkitatebiranly.to .Lorttli'' : my, ' there was reasoo to hope thathe might wish' to remove that , diairess, by adopting isimething eta C y were• more reasottabli system of watt - ate with respect to *tir tm - , b l:Or tingat h e weel yete llie r°l " ed o tn . e . d aild tha l on aftee . dm * MI L 1 ° us.' As to all those fine sentimental ideas' which the w HonOurable:Gentlernart had expressed, abOut the not flw arslr aotlalliale dimmediatt . - _ t i t' befare Enem o humane mode 'of. carrying on a civilized warfare, - he h4 h at i --- -, we l re •- b.btelettickanareollultereabist.furthertc.pekaciat largedation7 shoOld be glad, that Ise could persuade the-enemy to ... .s . was a .su ) _ hatioai of the nation, which wait adopt hem • lain as wets had hitherto been carried for she said of me on, the burderis of them o ften necessarily fell on the eulgewin t4llle should horse dwught'423l‘ished by she mile its elf. withmit sneer acts of aggravattion.. • • . inteikent aedthe helpiesa If any General besieged was opinion, that one a • M wiLmasoßci of • ' a c4T, it was the constant practice to eat ofir every !'• , consideration . might slope decide the question. It ' was supply of provisions and necessaries from that city, although thecotuequetice must necessarily be, that ; b so o me Ped d , e t w ha ce t , 'w' t s o sers a td en bl e li m kel a y ita b4 this foice nr o er ßaroi st in many sick :and infirm.. persons, many women and .. to be co reserve children,must suffer great privations and hardships in , rile- .. Int was . it• nut consequence of it. No person could have any pleasure - nei.bot.n. as an obi'sc! or Policy. P . his strength ew to increase hss . , ray with . his . in inflicting the be of war upon the innocent io- . ano.witn a, . •habitaMs of abesieged city; but still it was The o wns em then be often I sa ein fa if it welewouleesat al l events procore them al tneds. and his character would be exalted, so cast upon us, _ _ _ _ _ _ orwlessa9u74inth.Teesanist to: n nd i o ni ce gh tha t b t e c s it he y r ast surre to n fee dei l .. th o; pressore, yet the distress of the inhabitanti 9 .•_.n oc.i '.. the means were not . calculated toaccomplish . the casioneda.e place. He could not see desired end. The General cd a tnif army might any thing s muti .in yetUliating upon an fairly hope, that he may be likely; to make some imb enemy, in order, to airocure a just and honourable P ies sion on the besied ar m y, or may hope that he 'peace, than it wat t when besieging a city, to 'user will be capable of ma making the General °f the son those means by which alone that city could be taken ; rimPathirk in th e feelings of the suffering Acto to ns dan of the e n emy not allowing .corii to but can it be supposed, that a similar impression can cinnt to from their country in Case of a searcity be made on the feelings of that who at present here, the French Government had already taken care commands the great garrison of th e French Nation ? of that, and shut all 'the portS• of the Baltic and the The measure may possibly excite a inure general WA* Continent against us ; and whether we allowed union of hatred against the English nation amongst all tanks of the French people ; it may add to the Audi's bark to be exported or not, it could not be supposed ahat they would send us corn, as lung ail . ferocity or tutifeeling character of the contest, but it they thought that by withholding it they could torce cannot possibly be the means of putting an end .to it. us to. a peace. upon their own terms. He th erefore supported the. amendment., ,o , • • paper, giving an ae.: - 7 General GAS COIGNE observed; thA•witi te- Mr. LUSHINGTON re ad a m the c i rcums tances which an Honourable • 'count of the prices of bark at Amsterdam last winter, • (M r .Whitbread) had related as having . , by which it appeared, that the price of it after Christ. =tleman mat was only sixteen shillings a pound . It therefore occurred at Copenhagen, it was to be recollected, that at Courts Martial appeals were frequently made was• quite improbable that it couldatow be so high as seventy.shillings.• As to the red bark, it wasextremely to the mercy •of the Commander in Chief —there scarce in England, and he only knew of one chest o f might be some , circumstances in nritigauon of pu. .20011), to -be disposed of, and that was to be sold at nishment which had not reached theatre , . of rhythm. twentp.five ithillings a.pound. .He considered that Gentleman. endeavouring to increase the stun of humad misery, Sir ARTHUR WELLESLEliteminded the wa,sa.war s ton l y for i s s. n o t f ar t n eishinen. House, that it was impossible to - prevent some acts JAL. HIBBEILT stated is * proof that it was some- of improper conduct-21211 times in alvarmY-* As to times better not. to retaliate, that , when the French the facts alluded to, he believed that after the persons Government once issued a decree that rye/ quarter hadbeen tried, some doubt remained on the mind. of. should be given to English troops, we did not attempt 1 the Noble Lord who held the chief command. In to retaliate, and tb* barbarous order was never that case it was not to be contended that the Noble yarries l .• latPiee ePi'r nti t a t.: ' • Lord did wrong to hesitate, before he put judgment 1 4 ,: • emataTtaa dabi t gh t , t haa i t -k eas n o t knit execution. The' ease, he was informed , was now ne4s4ry , en, i me a t ii et .iiiinc - t o;ne k de• t h e ki s , under consideration of high legal authority. cite tiad•stectosity,as l the war in - *hick' we were -ett- • ' MierlitTSF.L st .tei, that Ite idluded to three pged.- It Was Mucti to be lattietited; that the hoe. distinct charges . Untidy, robbe r . rapt . tape, and murder. rot; of 7 war nit** feTl on thcise.who ikkee innocent of The -CHANCELLOR. of -the EXCXBQUER iiif Ir.. Ifthe Ilintourable Gentleman (M r . said, that it would hive been muc h le ss g ratin g to t he the causes Whitbreadicouldfi,nd out i - Way i?y which the bolt feelings of the Noble Lord, whose name had lice:), wa.s only to fall upon the guilty heads of the authors menu ov a l, and it would give hint a fisher oppsittlini. of the War, the at largo ma this country would ty of instructing some Member. of that House, as to be much indebted to him ; - tint until that discovery the particulars, so that he might he able to speak in was Made, in every viat'cidamities must necessaril y his behalf if it was madetheohkeet of a specific motion, fall'upon the innocent and helplets ; and by the c eis. of which notice should be previously given. As to the . sideration of thoie calamities, a powerful enemy was case to which the Hon. Member alluded, there-wail gave some n otice fose asilstayt he often induced to wish for peace. The General, who some doubts as to a point of law, which wai referrod conducts the attach of a city must, while he conducts to the consideration of some of the - highest kept au. his approaches, anticipate with regret the pangs and - thorities.' . .., . . sufferings of the innocent inhabitants i - but that feel. N s vo M ui r d . b W ring Hl o T u ß th ß e E i A u f stio th n dug should not be exclusive to him, but should be at then n on .. least as strong in the breast of him who exposes t h e very far distant. populatieri of town to such calamities. He could The ATTORNEY GENERAL stated, that the not see any thing it} the principles of this Bill contrary subject had been under the consideration of himself to the practice of modern war, and more especially and the Solicitor General. It was afterwards referred to such a war as wa were now engaged in. He thought to the decision of persons of higher authority than the Honourable Gentleman must eb completely min. them, and the result was not at present known. • -, informed, when it had been represented to him, that Mr. D. GIDDY justified the general principle of France had at least two years stock of bark, as well the Bill, inasmuch as it related to the law of n o t i ons , as of sugar. .He conceived this to be incredible and :Mid the municipal law. Hc, however, could not ap-• impossible. In the article of sugar alone, there had Pen of the intention of prohibiting 'the•e 4 • t k u been an increase of 501. per cent. within the last sir of ,ar _, _. weeks, and from that we might judge of the pressure he CHANCELLOR of the EICCHEUER ob. which would be occasioned on the Continent by pre. served, that there was nothing in the Bill to Prohibit venting the snpplv. the exportation of that or any other article. Mr. WHITBREAD observed, that if the Com mittee Mr. TIERNEY said, that the farther we advanced agreed to the proposition of endeavouring to in the Bill, the more intolerant we became. 14 __e was peeve l it bark from reaching the Contin ent, instead of astonished the Right Honourable Gentleman should throwing the odium of a want of humanity on the have introduced such clauses. The House sw hew character of Bonaparte, we might most probably find they were rewarded for their indulgence. coverts , e • should be expunged from the clause. that there would be too just ground for foundin g _ a ded with moving that the words “ cotton wool and reflection on the character of our own country. The Yarn" emissaries of llonaparte might go to the hospitals and Sir C. PRICE confirmed .the statement of the say, “ Here is an Englidt Act of Parliament ; you see Chancellor of the Exchequer, respecting the price of what it is that prevents you from obtaining a re, .Jesuit'i lltuls at Paris, which he knew front authority edy for your, complaints. He put it to the ho. upon Which he could place perfect reliance, was 70i. \ nourable feelings of Gentlemen on the opposite side, a pound. It was also within his knowledge, that stn. whether the enemy would not at least have an open. limited orders had been received for its exportation to Peror. of Fr.mce had • common war in which. in g here against us I [Here some significant gestures the Continent. This was no .were made use of by some of the Gentlemen on the I we were engaged . The Em Treasury Bench.) He was., not surprized that the 1 terdicted apoints of the Continent to us, and we we n n t r e a re t p u o % e' d i n tiie editor of .a celebrated Manifetto t or that the bomhar. therefore justified's' every mode of retaliation. Thei s 'den of Copenhagen should.expr - ess some disapproba- could not be, in his aapiaion, a wise r m easure, or o ne tion of the mention of this circumstance. For his More likely , bedifectual; than tha t was hoped. for Mr. - A.. BARING opposed the principle . sot treaty; it stated, by own part. he recollected when it was generally sup. BilL , . smallest bendi - CZ, posed, and by , some he believed it France, by withhold. that the. dysentery, and inadentifYht,w7holiliwaeslymtierbefadestr°llOura' destroyed i l m by en ary • class " scultt ot pe len rsons, gth. tha ill4ati t tire to. the old atonality, Were . to be asked what he would likely to be derived from It. The idea of exciting the lasdicinewerasdipecwon.dlyd; ,1* E ire do if in such a case he toatiereiressessithoenmoi h st:ch wo m ol e d .. !. di ing seo th it e tent eepo of rti th tion e inh ot ab ßoeic i te ,.. of .visss F abs . . give it to them ; he would 4 tartar of one vessel,freighted with that article would be urd ; ter the an. so not .914 Y iSallirinotiVes of humanity, but he was sufficient to supplrhe immediate demands o f th e w h , .. odsoltionviseyd ti weld. Ite - esaeutial, in. a, , political Continent. ,_ , vie rj_ilkalt 4 ifee-,i . eltMe Cfrttltiristak Wok-4 aot laid The ADVOCATE GtNERAL let arcsito• He thought i w t or4 ria intmperai bl;esy e4deni .. ;tore - --- --; inehautt:eiiktomasuirs44-.. .. i i i"°41511? .P . : 1 ?` 1411 . 1 016, e l_ ~ '21 :* . :4:3444 4 . 11 ,- raia " vil* a shou hifte ld ha mrke amilkdi4 c 11141.15 ''l iii95".114: '''''.. 1ne5";,......, : tIMP - sort. :t• )1 3.: -.....-..... ....„ . waphatpliehaetaconat:nud:: theflefend;:zete: 3::: ; *4 l: . !sir t - • ' .•,. .• el .444 - :. ... ..~ a-I _ i . • ----.--.-.-- . I. , 1 ' I , i 'I ' 4 , 1 *4 P i i 1 rtu w a 1314 che rfur. 1. 9 3- . cbs- 1 calleli what lie use were _ , >~:. ;11g9' ~.C`,ro ~.