Star. — London, England, 1820-09-11 00:00:00

THE EVENING STAR. LONDON. MON'DAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1820. THE FUNDS. !RICE OF STOCKS THIS DAY AT OWE O'CLOCK : Bank Stock shut-5 per Cent. Reduced shut 3 per Cent. Cons. 67% % 3i per Cent. 77 76A-4 per Cent. shut 5 per Cent. 108 1 / 8 103--Lang Annuities shut Imperial 3 per Cent. Ann. 67 Exchequer Bills, ls. 3s. pre. par. omniuM 1% dis. Cons. for Acct. 68 6778 It is very confidently reported this morning, in the West end of the Town, that Parliament will be im mediately dissolved. We cannot vouch for the truth o: this statement; but, if correct, it will bring Mi nisters cut of some of their present difficulties—for all Bills in progress die with the Parliament, and flere Rill thus be an end to the proceedings against the QUZEN. REVOLUTION' IN PORTUGAL. We live in a most eventful age. Scarcely had we heard of the Revolution in Spain, when news arrived of a similar event having taken place in Naples ; and before we have time, as it were, to contemplate the possible events to which the latter may give rise, we receive intelligence of a similar Revolution having occurred in the Kingdom of our old Ally, the Sove reign of PORTUGAL. In this, as in the former Revo lutions, the change has been brought about by that arm on which arbitrary 'Monarchs have hitherto placed their chief dependence—the army! What a warning to every Government that would seek to rule by any other force than that of law, founded on principles of equity and justice, yielding equal and impartial protection to every rank in the community. The Portuguese Revolution, which broke out at Op6rto on the 24th ult. was announced at Calais on Saturday, by the following telegraphic dispatch from Paris. It had extended to Lisbon, and had succeeded there also; not, however, without some effusion of 1 blood ; but the details have not yet reached us. 1, TELEGRAPHIC DISPATCH. " Saturday Afternoon, Sept. 9. " A great revolution has taken place in Oporto and Lisbon, in consequence of which the Constitution of the Cortes of Spain has been proclaimed, and the former Authorities put down, including the British employed there. A new Provisional Go vernment has been instituted, with a view to convene the Cortes and exercise, in the interim, the Supreme Authority. All this has been done in the name of King JOHN, and effected peace ably, with the exception of some bloodshed in Lisbon." It would appear from the subjoined Pro;lamation, brought by the Lisbon Mail of yesterday, that some' effort had been made to prevent the Revolution from bursting forth at Lisbon as it had at Oporto; but, if we may credit the above telegraphic dispatch, their measures proved abortive, after a small effusion of blood. " PROCLAMATION. " Portuguese !—The terrible crime of rebellion against the power and legitimate authority of our august Sovereign the King our Master, has just been calimitted in the city of Oporto. A few ill-intentioned individuals, deceiving the Officers of the corps of troops in that city, were unhappily able to induce them, co vering themselves with opprobrium, to violate, on the 24th of this month, the oath of fidelity to their King, and to their co lours ; and to dare to constitute, of their own authority in that city, a Government. to which they gave the name of the Supreme Government of the Kingdom. " The wretches who contrived this conspiracy well knew that they could not mislead Portuguese hearts, but by concealing from them, under the appearance of an illusory oath °Clove and fidelity to the Sovereign, the tremendous step which they made them take towards the abyss of revolution, the consequences of which may be the subversion of the Monarchy, and the subjec tion of a nation, always jealous of its independence, to the igno miny of a foreign yoke. " Do not then be deluded, faithful and valiant Portuguese, by su-h appearances; it is an evident contradiction when the re volted, protesting obedience to the King our Sovereign, while they withdraw themselves from the authority of the Government lawfully established by his Majesty, propose, as the intruders (tr..trissos) declare, to constitute themselves under the title of Su preme Government of the kingdom, to convoke Cortes, which would be always illegal if not called by the Sovereign, and ,an nounce changes and alterations which they ought to content themselves with soliciting, because they cannot emanate in a legi timate and permanent manner except by the Royal consent. " Our Sovereign has never ceased to yield to just solicitations, the object of which is the good and the prosperity of his subjects. Even now, by the ship of war which has entered this port to day, regulations have been received, which will be speedily made I public, proving the truly paternal solicitude with which he deigns to attend to the good of this kingdom, and which, if possible, in creases the horror which all ought to feel at the crime committed in the city of •?purto. " Th.: Governors of this king Join arc taking, and will con tinue to take, all the measures which such circumstances impe riously dictate, and which are prescribed to them by the most sacred duties of these offices. " If, however, any causes of complaint and just representa tions shall be laid before them, they will hasten to forward them respectfully to the Royal Prince, flattering themselves that the same individuals now implicatecl in so criminal an insurrection will reflect upon the evils into which they are going to precipi tate themselves, and. will, repenting, return to obedience to their Sovereign, cenliding in the unalterable clemency of the most merciful of llonarchs. " 3Teantime, the Governors of the kingdom hope that tkis most faithful nation may constantly preserve that loyalty. which v►as alw,:ys its most precious distinction; that the Army, whose heroism was but lately admired by all Europe, will hasten to efface the blot with which its honour is threatened by the mis conduct of those kw corps who have inconsiderately suffered thentselves to be deceived, and that the majority of the Portia.. tuese Army will preserve, together with fie reputation of its ia .. flexible valour, the equally distinguished virtue of its fidelity. " Portuguese ! the preservation of implicit obedience to the King, our Sovereigni is the most important obligation upon us all. at the same time that it is our most evident interest. Thins, -then, firmness in these principles is requisite—let all classes con cur to maintain the public tranquillity, and you will promptly see order restored, which the ill-intentioned rashly attempt to disturb.—This is what is recommended to you .in the name of our adored Sovereign, by the Governors of the kingdom. " Lisbon, in the Palace of the Government, August 29, 1820. .. (Signed) " The CARDINAL PATRIARCH, " Marquis de BARBA, " Conde de PENICHE, " Con4e de FERIA, " ANTONIO GOMEZ RIBEIRO." That a Revolution should have taken place in Por tugal, can have surprised none who have paid atten tion to the real situation of that kingdom, and the events that have been passing there for some years. Portugal bad, in fact, changed places with her Ame rican dependencies, and, instead of being respected as the mother country, had virtually become a co lony to the Brazilian Monarchy. The pride of her people was thus humbled to the very dust, and they themselves were sunk in a state of the most abject degradation, while a humiliating ascendancy was at the same time exercised, in all their affairs, by a foreign Power, to whose politics they were strangers, and which had gradually stripped them of all places of trust andprofit in the administration of their own con veins. The Nobles who had accompanied the Royal Family in its emigration, spent the revenues of their European estates in another clime. Portugal, in short, had been stripped of everything great and gay, and became, as it were, a deserted country. All this had operated the most injurious consequences to trade, which, for some time past, had literally been at a stand. Nothing could be more wretched than the administration of justice, or more depressed than the state of the finances—the troops have, in fact, been long without pay and clothing. Of all this Lord BERESPORD was sensible when he left Lisbon for the Brazils. It will be remembered that his voyage was subsequent to the triumph of the Constitution in Spain, when he was fully enabled to appreciate the consequences of such an example. He crossed the Atlantic to tell the KING plainly and can didly the state of feeling prevalent in the Portuguese Army as well as among the enlightened classes, and he did not hesitate to add, that under such circum stances he could not answer for the fidelity of the troops, or the exercise of the command confided to him, at least so long as there was in the country an authority superior to his own. Ignorant of the real feelings of the Army, the Brazil Government had n• doubt that an immediate remittance of money, to pay the arrears, would re. medy the evils that began to be apparent. How ig norant must they have been of the tone and feeling inspired among the troops by the events of the war which expelled the French from the Peninsula! They had fought side by side with Spaniards under consti tutional banners, and in the same glorious cause; and, had since seen these very soldiers wrest the sceptre of tyranny from the hands of the individual who had dared to rob them of the Constitution which they had purchased with so much blood ; and..was it to be expected, in the present age, that men who had fought in the same battles should witness the rege neration of Spain and Naples with indifference, and sit quiet and contented in the circumstances in which they saw themselves and their country placed, merely because the Government had furnished money to pay arrears which were due to them? Where will all this end ? This is an appalling question to those who have been persuading them selves that they have found out means " to maintain that which exists," and " to prevent deviation in any manner from the existing order of things, from what ever origin it may have sprung."—[See Prince Mar- TERNICII'S Circular, in the STAR of Thursday last]. Can you compel men to unthink? Command the elements of Nature to submit to your will F---Order the thunders and tempests to be silent ?—Make these obey yon, and then, but not till then, you may hope to retain the moral world in the fetters of the dark ages. Since writing the foregoing, another Lisbon Mail, with farther particulars of the Revolution, has ar rived. The following are the accounts that have reached us: Extract of a letter from Falmouth, dated Sept. 8 : " We send you copies of the Proclamation issued at Oporto on the 24th ult. brought by the Duke of Kent Packet, from Lisbon. Military, Clergy, and Public Authorities, have consented to call a Cortes to form a Constitution, but to preserve King JOHN, and protect the present dynasty of BRAGANZA. Our friends at Lisbon say it is almost certain that place would follow the example of Oporto. " PROCLAMATION. " Somalis !—Let one will unite us—let us commence the salva tion of our country. There are no evils which Portugal driesaot suffer—there are no sufferings which the Portuguese have not borne. The Portuguese, without security for their persons and property, ask our support—they wish liberty directed by laws. Yourselves, victims of common evils, have lost the considera tion which your bravery and virtues merited. " A reform is necessary, but this reform must be guided by reason aad justice, and not by licentiousness. Adhere to order; refrain from tumult and anarchy. We desire a Provisional Go vernment, in which we may place confidence. It shall convene the Cortes, which shall be the organ of the nation. They shall prepare a Constitution which may secure our rights. Our good and worthy King, as the lover of his people, who adore him, will blew par labours. Live our good Bisg,Live the Costes— sad, wit then, the Constitution!" " Oporto in a hililitary Council, August 24, 1890. " SounEns !—Our suileritT shall cease. The country is in fet ters, and your consideration lost. Out sacrifices are in ♦ain. The Portuguese soldier almost reduced to asking Ans. Sol- 1 diem I this is the moment. Let us fly to the salvation of the country. Let us fly to our own salvation. Comrades, follow me—let us go, with our brothers in arms, to organize a l'rovi. sional Government. Let it call the Cortes to make a Consti tution, the want of which is the 'origin of all our evils. It is unnecessary to explain them, for each of you feels them. " It is in the name and consecrating our august Sovereign Don John the Sixth, that the country shall be governed. Our Holy Religion shall be observed ; as our efforts are pure and vir tuous, Con will bless them; the soldiers who compose the brave Portuguese Army will hasten to embrace our cause, since it is equally their own. " Soldiers ! force is on our side, we must therefore avoid dis order. If the country owes its salvation to each of us, the Na tion likewise owes to us its security and tranquillity. Confide in a Chief who never taught you but the paths of honour. " Soldiers! you must not measure the magnitude of the cause by the simplicity of our discourse—learned men will explain, on a future day, this fact, better than a thoutand victories. Let us sanctify this day, and henceforth let the cry of our hearts be— ' Live the King, Don John the Sixth Live the Portuguese Army Live the Cortes, and with them the National Con stitution I' " EXTRACT OF A PRIVATE LETTER FROM LISBON, DATED AVG UST 30. gg You doubtless must Lear by this packet, which goes off express, the late event of the change in the Government of the Provinces north of Oporto, and at that city, which was publicly declared and swam to by all the Authorities, military, civil, clerical, and others, on the 24th instant. The example has been followed at Coimbra and Leria, and also at Abrantes, from whence the troops and militia forces have marched to join the common cause. They are paid all their arrears due by the Royal Government, and there seems every reason to believe all the troops here and in the vicinity will take the same part. The Government yesterday issued a Proclamation, exhorting every one to maintain order and faith to war is the KINo. Order certainly exists, and we hope it will prevail ; but very little respect has been :hewn to the Proclamation." THE NEAPOLITAN REVOLUTION. On this subject we have hitherto had the greater part of our intelligence through the medium of the foreign Journals, and, consequently, coloured a lit tle according to the views and feelings of the Jour nalists, or their Censors. Our Readers will, there fore, not be displeased to have the perusal of a letter from one of •ur countrymen, a most respectable mer chant at Naples, and which reached us so late as Saturday. , g Nan" AUGUST 14. " I wrote you two letters during the last month— one of them containing General Pepi's Address to the insurgent troops at Avelina. lam not sure that the first would reach you, as we had a report here that the post was stopped at Capua. I shall, how ever, take up the subject where I left off then. " " Just after I had closed my last letter, we learnt that the King had given up the reins of government to his son, the Hereditary Prince Francisco, until his recovery, being ill from the agitation and anxiety oc casioned by passing events. This was supposed to be a subterfuge of the King's to avoid signing the Constitution presented to him : he promised to sign in eight days, but the people would not consent to wait : they demanded, in strong terms, his signature by six o'clock that evening (Friday, July 8). The King was obstinate. At half-past five the shops were closed, and the streets full of people, waiting anxi ously the expiration of the given time. At this hour 1 passed through the town, on my return to Capo di Monte. The head-quarters of the Carbonari were in the way. The crowd and confusion here were so great, that I could not pass immediately. I made a virtue of necessity, and ordered my coachman to stop awhile, that I might learn what was going on. The confusion and noise were appalling, but not the least violence was offered to any one. id In consequence of the King's refusal to sign the Spanish Constitution, the Carbonari had demanded immediate possession of the forts. I asked a Neapo litan if this would' not cause disturbance; or if this demand would be agreed to ? He told me there was nothing to fear; they understood each other: the troops were Carbonari in their hearts, and would give up everything to the Revolutionists. The man was right; for on looking out of my window, when I arose the following morning, I saw the tri-coloured flag waving on the fort St. Elmo. All the forts bad the same. No time had been lost. " Some few minutes only had elapsed after my arrival at Capo di Monte, when several English Gen tlemen called upon me, with the agreeable news that the king had signed the Constitution, and sent his Ministers to the sight•about, as the saying is; or ra ther they took themselves off, as fast as-they could. " On Saturday, the 9th, in the morning, the Con stitution was proclaimed. The names of the new Ministers were called over, and there was one amongt them of whom the people did not approve.-- 4We won't have him !—We won't have him burst from the middle of the multitude. We will have Zurlo !—We will hear of no other !—Zuzlo, Zurlo r And in the dispatch of the evening, Zurlo was named Minister of the interior, accordiv to the wishes of thepeople ! On the Saturday evening, I returncd with my family to town, to take up my residence for a short time, in consequence of the Calabrian peasantry hav lug declared that they would enter Naples with t:le Insurgent troops ; not that anything of a political ra. Lure was to be feared, but it could not be expected these poor souls would return quietly to their homes, without helping themselves to some of the proin::y in or about Naples; at least, we all gave them dit for such an intention. You will judge if thr 7 deserved this opinion. On Sunday, about twcl. e o'clock, 15,000 troops and peasantry entered Nap!, headed by General Pepi and Luigi Alinichini, Catholic priest ! They were received by universal shouts of joy from the people ; the streets and h::. conies were crowded with well-dressed men a• - .! women, waving their handkerchiefs, and cryil.i ; 4 Viva la Costituzione and, in their enthusiasm. Viva Minichini I' Some threw themselves f - r.. • ward at the time to embrace him ; he very gemly rebuked them with No ."—.l Viva la Viva la Costituzione " Notwithstanding such a multitude had assem bled, and on such an occasion, not the least accident occurred—all was conducted with the utmost order and regularity. During that week we had continuid arrivals of troops and peasants. The town was so full of them they were obliged to sleep in the squares and public gardens. I cannot say that the appear ance of the peasantry was vastly prepossessing—they had no uniform, but they had most of them musket, and their belts were well stocked with pistols, ea.:. gtrs, stilettos, &c. &c. Salvator Rosa's banditti aloile can give an idea of diem ; and I am told that mazy of them followed the respectable profession of ban dits some time ago, until converted by the Carlin. nazi, and have since been formed into the Locd Militia of the country. When I tell you that the s e poor wretches, far worse ofF than Falstaff's raggel regiment, in the less than half a shirt apiece, re turned to their homes without even molesting a cab. base in their way, you will give them some praise ; but when 1 add, that they refused the pay of solders (which was offered them when here, and during tl:e time of their encampment), saying they were ic. warded by a consciousness of having done their duty, you cannot but admire them. The Hereditary Prince, as a reward for their disinterested conduct, ordered 150 gold medals, and 150 silver, to be struck off their honour, and presented to the most worthy amongst them. They have also been refused by them in the most handsome manner, and they positive!y decline all reward, save the good opinion of their Prince and countrymen. 4, You have heard of the sad work at Palermo.— The news of the revolution here was received in tl:at city with joy in the first instance; but unfortunately there proved to be three parties—one for the Spai:i:a; another (and, it is said, the most powerful) for the English Constitution, as given to them by Lord Wil liam Bentinck ; and the third for a Republic. We are told that Palermo could only be compared to a field of battle for five or six days. The dead and dying were left neglected in the streets. Prince Ca tolica and Prince D'Aci have been shot, and after wards beheaded by the people. The Provisional Go vernment have done much towards restoring peace; but I fear it will be only temporary, as the Deputa tion sent to Naples with the terms have not suz ceeded. The Parlermians are madly bent on inde pendence, which Naples will not grant. Palermo is undergoing fortifications in every direction. The Morino is already prepared with cannon from one end to the other. Troops are reviewed here every night, previous to their embarkation for Palermo; but the Prince means, if possible, to bring them to sub jection by mild measures—the employment of troops will be the last resource. We heard from Palermo two days ago. Until the last few days all commu nication by letter has been prevented. Our friend there says, they look forward with confidence to inde pendence. But what could Palermo do, unless the other parts of the island would join her, which is not likely to be the case. We have had reports lately that Girganti and Trapani have joined her; but this lacks confirmation.—Exit politics." The Rids Papers of Thursday have arrived since our last; those of Friday, due to-day, have not art i vca. The Commission of the Chamber of Peers conti nues its preliminary examinations into the reccnt plots. Its ramifications among some of the mi;itary corps in the north of France, have been distinct) . traced. Several of the Officers have been arrested, and after appearing before the Commission, have been ordered, ad interim, into secret confinement. The Moniteur contains a Royal Ordonnance, di recting the posting up the lists of Electors in eac4 Department on the 20th instant. The Gazette de France says, the reports of the ap proaching dissolution, and entire renewal of C. 3 Chamber of Deputies, gain strength daily. Another Club of Carbonari has been discovered in the Papal States, and their ringleaders arrested.— Among the Papers found at the place where they hell their meetings, there are some, it is said, which she'v that they maintained a correspondence with persons very well known in the different States of Europe. The advices from Madrid reach to the 29th General RIEGo had been appointed Captain-General of Andalusia, as successor to General OuoNon!, wlle has been appointed Minister at War. The Decree of the Cortes for the immediate sale of the property cf the Inquisition, and that part of the Crown lands ceded by the Kins, in order to the liquidation of 0:e