Star. — London, England, 1820-08-02 00:00:00

amount to 10,995 men, and 977 horses; those in '1 Xorth America, to 4.1,038 infantry and cavalry, who ' occupy an extent of 52,14.2 square leagues. Lastly, by adding the troops which are on other stations of South America, consisting of about 10,178 men, who toxin the garrisons of the Philippines, it will be found that the army in the Colonies amounts to 96,578 men, and 8419 horses. The garrisons in America 7 ire in the worst possible state. Ma P.l N r..—The Minister of Marine gave an account i.. his Report of the. dilapidated condition to which deparunent had been reduced: he urged the ne cessity of regenerating this most important branch, and of increasing it to the highest possible pitch, by building as many ships as the state of the finances will davit. He referred to a proposition submitted to 101-`r Cotes, to incluse the navy to 20 ships r, .r.l:e line. 20 frigates, lb corvettes, 25 brigantines, ic' 18 sloops of war. • •It:-.A.Ncs.”--Tbe Minister of the Finances entered ;:.to a long and complicated statement. He tendered an account of the state of the Treasury on the 9th of :larch, esplainsalthe available resources, and pointed out a practicable mode of supplying the deficiencies. Fe proposed some modifications of the flotations to tine Ro3al family, and solicited the approbation of the Cortes to a loan of 40,000,000 opened by the Ling, and towards which only 5,000,000 had been s lbsciihed. • He described the wretched state of the fie.ances, indicated the mode of improving the sys tem, and the difficulties oppoSed to a reformation.- - He specified the abuses—and one of the principal, the taxes imposed as merely provisional, and which were never suppressed in Spain. Hence the necessity ofcon suiting the opinions and the abilities of the people be fore they should be subjected to a new plan of taxation. He explained the causes which were opposed to the c-tablishment of direct contributions, and mentioned the indisposition of the clergy, the ncirility. and per sons in office, to contribute their proportions, as one of the principal impediments. He demonstrated the necessity of a reform, and to give publicity to every thing connected with the finances. The Minister con cluded his Report by pointing out the inaccuracy and the inutility of Custom-house codes; the injurious and mischievous tendency of the prohibitory laws:* he proposed the union of the department of the Posts to that of the Finances, and reprobated the absurdity' cf the penal laws with regard to the system of finance. NEAPOLITAN REVOLUTION. The true Quiroga of the Neapolitan Revolution, says the account in the Canstitationnel, is Louis 3feni chiuo, a Priest of Nola, a distinguished literary cha racter, and a man of genius and resolution. He me ci:tated and matured his vast project in silence, and in such a manner as to prevent all sorts of excesses. As a private individual, he travelled, in little more than a year, over France, Spain, and England, to ob tain information of the Institutions of these countries, and printed at London a Project of a Constitution for the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Since his re turn home, he has been exclusively. engaged in his great designs ; in the Society of the Carbonari he found the means of carrying them into effect. He dzclares now that he will accept of no employment, of ro recompense—that he wishes to live in retire meat, happy in having contributed to the welfare of his country. This example of disinterestedness and patriotism has been followed by many others. Gene ral Pepi has only accepted the command of the troops for two months. The four forts of Naples are commanded by Lieu tenant-Generals Filangieri, Arcovito, Ambrosio, and Colonel Pignalvert ; General Pedrinelli has the com mand of the Artille y. There are some rumours of trifling disturbances in one or two insignificant villages, and also of some Sicilian Noblemen at Maples having protested against the adoption of the Spanish Constitution for that Island ; they wish to preserve their ancient Charter, ,by which the Chamber of Legislation was exclusively composed of the highest noblesse. These reports, however, do not appear to be well founded. A private letter from Naples says—" All feeling men, of whatever party, applaud the firmness with v.cich General Filangicri has hitherto answered the popular groups who desire that the King should shew himself at the halo" iy. When this General spoke of the advanced age of his Majesty, and that his infir mities would not admit of his compliance, the cla mours ceased, and the eyes of some amongst them' betrayed the feelings of their hearts. General Caras cosa and General Pepi have frequent conferences with some Members of the Commission of Public safety ; the intelligence which appears to reign be tween them and the General Officers, augurs some what well. Begani and Cellela, two ex-Generals of Joachim, have arrived here. The Prince Lieutenant- General has confirmed them in their former rank." If," says another Correspondent, " Europe ima glees that the movement of a few men was the only sprits& of the Neapolitan Revolution, it deceives it self—+t was a vast enterprise, conducted with firm mess, generosity, and sentiments of humanity, which are ;he necessary result of the progress of civilization —out a drop of blood has stained this triumph. The signal, it is true, was, given by a young Lieutenant tkforelli), at the head of only 150 Dragoons ; bat the population was ready to second it. The most influential Ecclesiastics have shewn themselves among the directors of the movement." The following are some further particulars respect ing the commencement of the Revolution : • Until the I st ofJuly the most perfect tranquillity, to all appearance, prevailed in the whole kingdom., SoLietv u t the Carbonari, which comprised per . •. • et the fi rst distinction in the country and the • however, had caused the Government some I ,:,euir,ess for a few days previously. A few arrests took place, but as there was nothing unusual in this, .1 not, in general, excite much attention. • During the '2d and 3d, the first movements of disaffection appeared in the army, and Ministers an tauaced that the most energetic measures would be tticen to repress then). The capital, in the meantime, vas in a state of stupor. On the t th the uneasiness a.;“1 embarrassment Increased, and people began to ,speak of liberty and a Constitution, and much reliance was plated .on thegoodness of the King. It was not .sosrouch the loiter as the middle and upper classes that made thei,e preparations; besides the troops could not Ida depended en, for they were com posed of Catbouari, atzd, of courle, would not nets against their brothers. A camp was in the evening' formed at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, in the neigh bourhood of Nola, and Naples left without a soldier. " On the morning of the sth, the city had the ap pearance of. a place in the centre of hostilities, from the precautions that were taking on all sides. It was said that an attack would be made on that day by Generals Carascosa, Ambrosio, and ltocca-Romana. 'Nothing, however, was appreheuded, for every one knew that the troops were of one mind, and that many of those who had been marched against the Constitutionalists, joined them. " In the meantime the Constitutionalists lost not a moment in directly treating with tlib Government, and on the 6th, at three o'clock in the morning, the' King declared that he assented to the first basis of a Constitution. This news.was immediately placarded in all the streets and public places, and spread, like enchantment, peace and tranquillity everywhere. " During the five days that things remanied in a state of uncertainty, the unanimity and cheerfulness of the Public was inconceivable.. -Not a single guar iel or disturbance of any sort occurred, and from the highest Lord to the lowest of • the Lazzaroni, all seemed to have but one object in view. !‘ The triumphal entry of the army into Naples took place on the Bth. It appears that while the troops were encamped, the landholders and farmers quitted their families and labours, and joined them. They provided themselves with arms' and ammuni tion, and four days provision. Thus an immense multitude moved towards the capital; for, besides the regular army, it consisted of the levy en masse of the Principalities of Salerno and Avillinn. The' landholders, farmers; manufacttners, and clergy, alone amounted to upwards of 5000. In the evening the illumination of the city was so brilliant, that it appeared in a% blaze." EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO. Having in The Star of Monday last noticed the ' object of Mr. Et.oufs mission from the King of the NETHERLANDS to our Government—namely, to en deavour to arrange the differences which exist be tween the trio Governments respecting the Indian Archipelago, we deem it of importance to give the Public some information respecting the natlre, ex tent, and •alue of the trade which the Dutch have systematically been. endeavouring to monopolize, ever since this country, without any equivalent, 're stored to them their former possessions in the East. To participate in this commerce, before the events of the last war put it into our power to command it, had long been a favourite object of the British Govern ment and the East India Company. To attain it, Embassies were sent, treaties negotiated, and esta blishments formed with various success. The annual Exports and Imports of the Eastern Islands, calculated according to what they Were during the years 1814, 1815, and 1816, may be esti mated as follow, valuing each article at the average market price in the Island : - IMPORTS PROM INDIA. Opium, 1,500 chests, at 1,200 dollars per chest Piece Goods Specie moopoo . i t soopoo - 200,000 FROM CHINA. Specie and Sundries - - - FROM JAPAN. Copper, &e. 500.000 FROM Et/ROPE AND AMERICA. Iron, 2,000 torsi, at 90 dollars per ton - - Printed Cottons, &c. - - - - Woollens, Velvets, and other minor Articles of Bri tish manufacture for native consumption - Providons and other Articles for the um and we sumpdon of Europeans - - - Specie . - - . 270,0011 200,900 SONC4IO 600000 SOO,OOO Sp. Drs. 5,170,000 EXPORT& Tin, 40,000 peat's, at 20 dollars per peed - Coffee, 120,000 at 11 ditto - - Sugar, 80,000 'at 6 ditto - - Nutmegs, Cloves, /tr. . - - - Pepper 50,000 'mots, at 8 dollars per petal - Birds' Nests and Tripany - - Beetle Nut, Rattans, Drugs, Ivory. and other Arti cles; the produce of the Eastern Islands Gold Du3t - Japan Copper, &c. Specie - 900000 1,320,000 1450,000 2,000,000 400,000 900,000 ecsoopo 2,500,000 400,000 400,000 Sp. Drs. 9,580,000 The Tpnnage annually engaged in the trade be longing to Europeans, calctilated according to what it has been during the same period, may be esti mated as follows : In the Trade with Europe and America - 15,000 Tons India . 119,000 the Islands. (This is chiefly carried on by Atabs, Chinese, and Natives, so that the Eutopean Tonnage say not en. need) - - - - - 4,090 China and Japan - 4,000 , Ti 4WD This, during the three years preceding the peace, was almost exclusively British. Since that time the Dutch and Americans have had a share of it. • In corroboration of the above- statements, and to shew the nature and extent of this trade, at a period when under the Dutch restrictive regulations, the largest portion of it centered chiefly at Batavia, we lay before our Readers the following account of the Exports and Imports of Batavia, for the years spe cified, extracted from the Dutch commerdial ac counts. At this time the whole DUtch trade plumed through Batavia : 1,2111001 - $990110 13,961 1,655 IMPORTS INTO BATAVIA IN 1170. FROM EUROPE. Specie Woollen, Serge, Lead,Toole,Marine Stores, Iron, Copper in Plates, and Sundries, chicly for European consumption - FROM IN DI A.—CET LON. Naval and Military Stores--Coir-yarn, and a few sundries Coir-yarn, &e. Opine', 392 chests Pitce Goods &arm • 94,501 . 44,00 . - 17,144 •••••• 140;735 44,157 BENGAL SURAT. FROM Tint INDIAN ARcIifiZLAGO, riMANC , ON - 3UMAT • ILA). • 31,40 Gold dolt I'epp4s, &c. Tao &c. Gold Dust pepper . - Rattan - Tin • - Pepper - Sundries Wax, &c. - - Amboyna Cloves, &e. - Banda Mace, Ntitmegs, &c. Tema Gold Dust . - - Macassar ditto - ' - Staves, Japan Woud, Cloths, &c. FROM CHINA. Specie - china Ware, &c. 75,334 3,772 CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. - - - 15,115 Sundries, chiefly for European consumption 55,118 JAPAN. 77,106 50,233 Copper Camphor Sundries 91,440 7,674 1,986 101,100 Spanish Dollars 4.342,441 EXPORTS FROM BATAVIA IN 1770. TO BUROPE. Nutmegs, Cloves, &c. Pepper - - Coffee . • JaEton Yarn Arrack -- Tin - - Saltpetre - Piece Ouods - Sugar, Benjamin, Drugs, Precious Stones, Malay Hand kerchiefs, and other Pro duce of the Islands - - - CEYLON. Specie - Nutmegs, &c. Coffee - Japan Wood Rice - Japan C.lpper Sundries Nutmegs, &c. _ . Pepper Coffee - COROMANDEL . Japan Copper Specie - Sundries • Mace, ke. Sups - Japap Copper Cash Sundries - Cloves, /cc. - Pepper - Arrack - Japan Copper - Sundries NAL I A BAIL 79,312 263,798 187,996 3,529 10,479 .. 4,690 8,874 124,505 123,569 .I. • .. BENGAL. 69,311 114,85! 857 22.8r2 957 14495 41,880 7;421 16,706 28,077 7,604 - 50;494 - 541,181 - 17,142 2,464 25,578 19,651 120,031 11.683 5,447 9.641 7,024 9,595 23,45 Cloves, acs. &war - Japan Copper Sundries • SURAT. • 7,187 . 52,032 - 10.059 . - 18,P33 TO THE EASTERN ISLANDS. PADANG - - - • MALACCA. Rice - Iran Stores, about • Cash - Sundries - Cash - saldri'es Sktie 1 Sundries Specie - Sundries Specie Rice - BANJER MASSEN. . • 3,707 3,238 5,549 Piece Goods - Stores and Sundriee . .. - 18,000 . 81,000 - 7,651 PAZ.ZMBANG. TIMOR. AMBOYNA. Specie - - India Piece Goods Provisions and Stores SPecie Pim Goods - Stores end Sundries kV:Goods Sundries BANDA. Cloves Japan Wood . Sugar - Rice - Broad Cloth Woollen Serge Ounlets, he. Lead - Piece Goods f - 'FERMAT. MACASSATt. JAPAN. . : _ _ CHINA. 50,090 1,759 76,421 3,720 7,271 17,595 57,472 4,405 25,11 S 21,0110 WASS 15,U3 567,056 202,261 441,904 Gloves, &c. Tin - Lead - Specie - Sundries - 96,202 4,313 11,960 179,401 $5,542 711, - 561 4,137 115,596 51,759 2,082 6.720 10.966 32,757 520 7,309 4,468 1,038 5,442 24,621 90,405 11,674 44,482 11 1 875 105,114 67,690 • - - 2,647 - 192,900 - 3,868 - 630,496 11,911 S!,! 73 Arrack - Piece goods Rice w Sundries - 129,002 3,047 133,8311 CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. - 3,294 - - - 11,505 - - 3,719 • 7,557 WA= Total Ezports . - rt l Bl6l It may be proper to observe, that most of the ar ticles mentioned in the above account, and particu larly those the produce of the Archipelago, are cal culated according to their actual cost at the mono poly !Rift at which the forced deliveries were fur nished to the Dutch, and not at the usual selling price to the general.merchant. There the Nutmegs are charged at 4 I:sth %livers,'the Cloves at,B 4-16th stivers, the Pepper at 2k stivers per pound 0 1 4 and• other ankles in proportion, which will account for the low amount of the total exports. Of the pr‘Cts which the Dutch derived upon the trade, it is Unne cessary to speak ; they are to be found in the history of the Dutch East-India Company, and are too well known, to require repetition here. The followin4 is a continuation - of the amount of Imports and Exports, extracted from the Dutch books, and calculated on the same principle for tLe subsequent years: FROM 1770 TO 1793. - 3,116,374 2,170,741 • 2,789,869 • 2,552,318 ▪ 2,701,770 2,305,226 2,002,564 1,776,C74 - • 2,710,022 1,914,202 2,781,832 ▪ 2,654,687 ▪ 2,644,423 2,515,367 ▪ 3,027,953 ▪ 3,078,501 • 3,098,842 1,301,732 FROM 1796 TO 1806. IMPORTS. 61,519 67,063 182,174 255 264 2u9,149 19'4,508 839 349 556,642 40:1,578 210,427 1771 1773 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1785 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1791 17924 1806 EST nivre. 3,1°2,i57 2,909,371 2 3,184,641 3,083;7'73 3,319,0'70 3,139,678 2,440,0 i 2 2,279,308 2,780,7c:4 2,921,L74 4,670,468 2,495,038 • 2,634,049 3,700,209 3,011,0;0 3,771,4-:3 =rm.. 325,673 220,292 367,935 656,669 336,799 304,392 292,754 1,730,1L7 1,203,698 1,079,662 577,512 Several of the articles of commerce require part', cular remark. OPtost.—When the influence of the Dutch was paramount in the Eastern Islands, they were able to purchase Opium at Bengal on their own account ; this they afterwards retailed in the Islands at a very great profit. It appears from their commercial ac counts for the year 1770, that they b?tight 3'2 chests of Opium for 96,301 dollars, which Is less th-in a quarter of the price which has been obtained for It since there has been a fair compethion. The annual consumption of Opium in the Islands has only been in the above estimate taken at 15C0 chests. By the Dutch accounts in 1793, it appears that the annual importation exceeded 2000 chests, and during the I3iitish Government at Java, it often sold as high as 1600 aad even 1800 dollars per , chest ;—in the above estimate it has only been averaged at 1200 doi%trs per chest. PIECE GOODS.—The English manufactures are ra pidly superseding this branch of commerce. BRITISH MAN CFACTUR Es.--The Islanders hire not that attachment to their ancient habits whch characterises the Hindoos. On the contrary, they have an increasing disposition to adopt European fashions, comforts, and hinnies. In their purcha-es of British manuf actures, the 7 are limited only by their means. Smogs, itc.—The value which has been assumed is estimated as the price for which they would sell to the general merchant in the Archipelago on an average of years, but when carried to India and Eu rope, they have been known to realize more than a million sterling ; indeed a million was the amount of clear profit which was estimated by our possession of the Moluccas. The Spices as well as the birds nests and tin, are delivered as articles of Govern- Meat monopoly, and the price paid for the two for mer is almost too insignificant to be mentioned. Tl.e tin (to the extent of 2000 tons), though a Govern ment monopoly in Banca, is delivered by free Ci;i nese on contract, affording a fair price for their la bour, but yet at one-third of the usual selling pi ize to the general merchant in the Archipelago, and less than one-third of the amount at which it could Le furnished from the English mines. By far the largest and most valuable share of this commerce is in a great measure it the disposal of the Power in possession of Java, Banca, and the luccas, and the other Colonies and Establishments surrendered to the Dutch—it constitutes, perhaps, two-thirds of the whole. Of the next, a considerable portion, perhaps a sixth of the whole is at the dispo sal of Chiefs who have at some time or other, bound themselves by Treaty to - admit none but the Dutch to the benefit of it. The present validity of most or these Treaties, however, may be well contested by the British Government. *The remaining sixth of ti . e whole commerce is unquestionablyopen to competi tion, and may therefore be called the independent tradr. The foreign trade of the Archipelago has, from the earliest period, been carried on at certain em poria, whither the produce of the Islands ris brought by Chinese, Arab, and native traders. Achcen, Ma lacca, and Bantam, were the principal emporia, when Europeans first visited the East. The Dutch, in their more prosperous times, forced most of the trade to Batavia, which thus became the principal emporium of the Islands ; but the unhealthiness of the place and the impolicy of the Dutch, had so lowered► this port in the estimation of the native traders, that in the year 1790, a large portion of it was removed to the native port of Rhio, and the English having ripened friendly communications with the different Chiefs of the other Islands of the Archipelago, traded to their ports direct. From the occupktion of Ma lacca by the British troops in 1795, the English may be considered to have enjoyed nearly all the /vg them trade of the Archipelago, and by their clandes tine trade with Batavia and the Moluccas, to have obtained at least an equal share of the limited trade then attempted to be carried on by the Dutch. As the trade of the Dutch still farther declined, that (A the English increased, until, on the conquest of Java in ISII, the whole fell into their hands, We shall resume this subject as soon as we can possibly make room for it, and point out some of the , dangers to which we are exposed in relation to this trade, of which the wily Dutch wish to deprive us. The Literary Gazelle, N 0.185, to be pul e li..hed Saturday, the sth of August, will contain an Ac count of the newly-discovered Antarctick Continent, the land sought in vain by Captain Coots--a corioels Account of Abyssinia, by Pgaisca, seaman, rho has resided there nearly twelve years--an interesting Description of the Uatiditti in _ltaly, by Mrs. MAR! GRAH4M—with the usual variety of literary, scicu• tific, and anmins matter, MAT AC('A. BANJEA MASSEN. ..., PALEMBANG. TIMOR. 12,9C0 • 52,36 . 3 - 2;976 12,800 4,049 ICV 55,760 6,7211 4D . • 7,557 - 4,3111 a • 30,995 11,839 51.1144 16,098 , 1,3'19 7,080 19,843 16,969