Star. — London, England, 1820-03-27 00:00:00

Dorm •'•'• kthe people areloll ar eaves ?—I have rot said so ; I am ro politician. What is your opinion ?—: am not warranted in giving one. You think it safe to preach it, if it were true man ought to preach what he tlainhA:to be tette ! . I say, them would be.no danger in it that day. • ' if a man :Laid hen,' opinion;that'a representation at sa wal a tyranny,_ and that' each individual 'should have a tote, v,•culd there be, any danger in Preachinz that can't enter questido. • • lk consistent. You said you thinh it tale to preach all that f.s true uever said • .1 only s.d.l, that there would be no danger in preachire it t►at day. • Gnmey, the sh ,rt-band writer, upon a reference to his notes said the witness had said its. Now that you have said it, do you mean to persist in it.?—l • thought you;only applieti it to tne as'a preacher. .Then you draw a distinction laztweer. a politician and a preacher ?—I do. Do you thick it would he sar.: in a politician to inculcate upon e mob any doctrines he thinks true?—Not altogether. Do you think it would be safe to teU them they arc sold as tirves ?—At a Public Meeting, when people c.,:me to discuii grievances, I think they should state their opinions freely, oven that' •. !!t to the extent you say. •I'h.:r they were sold as slaves ?—Yes I think a Meeting heve the same liberty of speech as in the lions.: of Common 3, et- any private meeting of individuals. If they are at bberty to nt,•tt at all, they should have freedom of spterh. Is Mr. Ilirdelanda tokr.int is Religion as in Politics this• they should 1.1,! equal. And, therefore, that every mar. who has any opinions in poli tic; diuttld preach their.?—l think he might have his opinions aboi:t then:. No one can control:1 0-at. rut to I ,, ;:ari:?—l said if tt.r.• were cons::!...-:.t r::tit the intcreitscf sosi:ty. Lrc thlt Authoritie3. Vas it broucht you tket:i—l wished are 241 r. !hrit. Not Cariile7—No. Did you Ever see Are you aintitirlis of st:inj ?—Na; particularly so. I did not !;row that h• was to be there. I did not see the placird. ::.•-exarnined.—/f you saw a plicatd si:,:ited by 700 persons, c a ‘leetiaz fur a Ileferm in lb:it:la:nem, would you think • isleetin;; ina.rpk:r or i11t.,,-d?—Certainly not. LAVL::%"--.A.: to ttt2 lt;:dity of it, he can be no jadg.2 :-2r. SCM:I.It7T contir.Ltd—lf any r:i+ delie(rcd a -pezch • upon the Nati:%u do soini:C.tinz in a piaci: where . was rjters..irdi eircuLred br r-.l:aril of the r:es: to the fartlit.st pills of the svoild you a,Trt,..•:: of th..t?-117 is was to b.: a:vie he violerl i ci, I eci , iiinly site-aid Y1.7:?•-• when is us :d, you do rut think it kvainabie, v• - 'l7ttever the means rvii.;itt be no. Th.i.t: if you had heard i:aat certain pers•sits had bribad--- Nr. littrit—Oh,l::ity to gai•vian. .4,tice BA iLLY:•••-•(;9 0.1: ask ti.e paaple a itv:ing had beer tt,lil that electors sold t'.: it votes to a peroon s•: ho aft?ra:arris so:t1 1:• :se fir a rl Ice, v. you not think that a Jt tubj,•:it It r di.:a‘si•ro?--That wits p-vicisely wh:t I r.xant, when 1 said the pv.o: wine sold like V - Inkt ytovr une.erstt.neing of the phra:n " s•Ali - tz Ti.'t rop t.s . hk :laves: the y reccire twsney for th it votes, tn' are sold again by Members of Parliament, who dispftsc of Ileir tibrrties without cnasulLing thstr intirests. This 1 take to be selling the people. With regard to equal rerrceentation, 'Ton have been if atirU a e.ortrino wai sate; did you bear any such preaolicl by the spr.aiters?-1 did not hear tli.: speak , :ri. J. to 11A:it:non, exann7sed by Mr. llunt.—The Meeting was p-a,:taitie; saw no cutigds ittain7t the military, n•Jr any .1r to resist them; had himsel; to f.:ars fur his i:t.on or This was the last witness called. a:r. Heat than are d, the: is my case. ?le. SZARLi.: z rail to reply. Tae day wan at length come whet it Lecar...: clotO to adrlreea :he Jury tpon the winding up of this tedtaz: thaue. very it.portant case. Ile could as sere thaen he fed: too sensiLly the 3roa: fo . ieue they had eone through in its progress, and:.: state o: cell..est...co his Lordship was in, to he at all disposed to toga:: a ooze of their time in doing that thaa was absolutely necessary.!: was needless to xemiod them, that in the situation he stood, as eounael for cne party, he could not be supoosed individually to have a ft - cling one way or the other. As a minister of justice he bad E. duty to peer Jiro, and it was neither d. cent nor candid to impute personal feelings to him in discharging that which his la:too:lea and his conscience imposed upon him the necessity cf doing. Ile found it necessary to premise thus rtibeh, be- E-use he meant fearlessly to unmask the hypocrisy of the de ham, and shear, to the conviction Lurd.ship and the .7ury, that four-fifvhs of the told :tote with which they had for so many days been tortured, had nu more to do with the joiots of this case than they would hove with any other meet :.g at which any of the defendants ever attended. Had the _-y to look at the tone and temper in which the defence otes conducted—who could say, whether this was a cool i .:airy into the conduct of a number of defendants in a Court of Justice, or a renewal of that attempt, by menace and ietimidotiota, to do that here which was done at Alanches. tee. I.:lanchole, indeed, would be the day, when that spirit of itoimidetion—that scorn of good order, and that defiance of the law, which is so cherished out of doors, and that too, by men, whose talents would have done honour to a better cause. When Courts cf Justice were turned into hustings, and the ver dicts of Juries %sere sought, not by cool reasoning, but popular seaault, lealanchely would be the day when it would make its way into tire sanctuary of the Liw. Ile wished not to live to see the day ; but he it far off, or be it near, whilst he felt that irately, life, property, and all that could endear existence. de pended Lied' a due administration of the laws, he would not sieve to rase his humble voice, and exert his strength in resist. ing its a n :err:a:h. Gee forbid a:ly apprehension of popular feeling soceid j.revent bin trom doing his duty. • He despised, he da ted and he should despise himself if h.i dal not. The laeoeteit Course! then proceeded to notice sonic invidious re evatiis of 3!:-. made in the course of his defence, respect in; ie.:soli andthe Sub-Sheriff of the County. A great part of Me. Hunt's Areal, he observed, was taken up in compoonts :Let b.. (Mr. Scarlett) had introduced matter from himsei: which he had no right to do. If the Lord of the Manor of Glastonbury %lookd only take the pains of learning a little peiitenets from Ceti Parson, his friend, he would perhaps, know that Counsel never hazard any assertion that is not to he found in their brief. It would seem as if Mr. Hunt was the prosecutor, and that Mr. Scarlett was the defendrnt. _aid he think that he (31r. Searlett) was so bail a practitioner as to say that which he knew could not be septet - teal in evidence,' and which, in the end, would rather Fajtelice than serve bus: Callie? New, in order to thew \lr. Ilitat that he had it in his Lief, he would read for him that part of it. Ile then read from his brief, that on another banner there -.vas inserib - ed " No Corn :...ova," and' a bloody dagger painted upon it. New from the Evidence, it oppeared that the dagger wo; not, in fact, painted • won it, and that it was only the handle :Oat seas red. Mr. Hunt 'W:44 pleased to say, that he only used this with a dramatic effect,' to obtain the applause of the multitude. Agaie, lie sins charged with endeavouring to make a witness ray teriile was with him ot the .'.leetieg Mr. hunt, in speaking of tile to... Lesion that this w alio: imply, became very pathetic, and even added ion-, to rhetoi iced flourishes. " Good Goo. said he, is it ..st eneueh th ; charged with being a traitor to my X..% Luc I niust Ie ilos elot ged with being a renegado to my Gon.•' Connexion with Clarlile! not he, forsooth; and he added, that if that per son Was 11‘iW suffering in prison, he would say what he thought of This was a fine declamation! But was it true? —l l -id not otte of his witnesses, and his most respectable oae, ia lie saw Lim in the coach with him. lie would tow t- aeother, and very importarit part of the deluxe. ?Ir. .1: int wa. cortaialy entitled to make all the use he could I f the of Site Magistrates and the Constables as wit yrs 7'. ":1 L.l!x neeovion, for the Crown. He might ash why .:e Lot called ? and he (Mu. Scarlett) would give. him a too: m. 4 satisfactory answer. Whether the :Magistrates there, atom inotivea yet unesplainsed, used a lawful ? whether the Constables were justified in con tfi.ase in fact? or whether the Yeomen, when they eur oa.• t d hest:nig 1, oil the ltith of August, did right or wroog ? nosi .i 0 mere to .to with the (pie ohm before the Court, to en ne; lor 3; r. Ikon was Lord ot I;al'iff of the Manor of Glos. tresea or whether lie had Ire theosand or one thousand rues en not calling thank was this: in the early part of the trial, he (Mr. Scarlet;) a; well as the other advisers rf the (howl), not Isnowing what the opinion of the Learned sledge - .eould lie, though they were persuaded the inquiry could rot a. „ii affect this ipiestion, neverthtless, had the Maxis aitendonee. lie made no allosion whatever, either to .aleir conduct, or two of the Yeomanry, hs his opening. 1 '1: it he thought, howeler, cone about; the Learned Jidge declared, thidThe conduct of the Yeomanry or the Magistrates could•not he at all material to this trial. He was persuaded such an inquiry was more an object with the defend ants than any other, tied he himself felt of what importance It would be to make it. But why raise wantoe:y a prejudice against individuals, which could have no other effect than that of distracting the Jury? If the question now was, whether the Meetiug was or was not a legal one ? it would be a thousand times more important that whether Mr. Hunt was there or not? In one case, their evidence would be material, in the preient, unnecessary. This was his apology,. if one were wanted, for rot bringing forward these Gentlemen, and it was his justifi . cation for not alluding to them in his opening speech. The Jury would perceive how great an object it was with the defendants to obtain this inquiry by any means, and what difficulty his Lordship had to repress every one of their witnesses from going into it. The case had nothing to do with the conduct of the Magistrates; it should be discussed as if they were not in question • at aIL If it be once assumed that the Meeting in its formation and progress was originally illegal, it cannot matter in what way it terminated. It must then Le considered as if it 'had gone through all its forms and dispersed itsele— If the Jury then agreed that the question was the same as if there Was no interference, except as a circumstance (for if a Yeoman had a stone thrown at him in the crowd, it was a cir ceinstanceebut not a conclusion), thin the result is very unim portant. The law which provides against illegal Meetings de dares, That if a body of people assemble in an illegal manner, their separating peaceably will be no satisfaction, because, if a into brings a crowd of persons togethar, he cannot say that he will afterwards be .able to manage thent. Whe:: was the man that could command fifty thousand, lead them about like wild beasts, and make them tame or savage at his pleasure? No one could, and least of all Mr. Hone The Learned Counsel then commented upon his own witnesses, and denied that any one could be said to be perjured. He asked, did it follow that in a crowd of nearly ei3lity thousand pers-ms, if one, in a certain part of it, saw stones thrown, and five hundred did not, tKat, there for, he was a p.:rjured man? Mr. Hunt called fifty-six wit nesses to prove that they saw no stones thrown ; he might have called as many thousar•.ds to say the same, but that did not di minish Mr. liulton's credit. Mr. Mat seemed to rely on suc cess from the nutitbcr of his witnesses. was jext of a sys tem wheel, he would sheet by a speech of his own, he bad long been I•re::ching. It was an object with the discontectcd to inti midate thosul calculated in the adMinistration of justice. Ile would read it from a Newspaper, in which that person was re. ported to have said u. Mr. hunt—l subunit, my Lord, whether Mr. Scarlettt has a to read, in his reply, a speech not proved to have been de luv.tred by use. Mr.:a:AßlA:yr—My Lord, I cannot submit to this interrup tion. Is the defendant to dictate to toe what 1 havea right to do? Mr. Justice BAYS 71 - -It does not appear to me, Mr. Scar lea, that he is dictating. Mr. Hunt—l merely submit, whether he has a right toreply ro what has rot aprtartid in evidence? Ir. &Art r• - i—ltentember, Gentlemen, that he has read Tecclies, and w..s allowed to do so by the Court. I now wish to read this as rt•rt of n,y speech. !Ir. Ilan:—What I object to is, reading from Newspapers epeeehcs which may not be none. Mr. Jos.ice BAYLEY.-11C has a right to read from a NCIV3- rapor as.part of speech. ,Ir. Sc r.: r.—lt is given in the paper as the speech of Mr. Ilion, aa•suining it to be such, I ash whether it is to be tole rated that any man, when charre , i iviLla assembling a riotous and tumultuous assembly, with holding out excitements to disafee t ;an anti sedition, should be allowed to defend himself in such a manner as this? " Let them bring their spies and informers. lf they wish to try me for anything I have said or done, there are fifty thous:tr.:l here ; let me -bring but fifty of you each day, the• trial will last for three years; and let me see what Jud:e or Jury st•i!! stand L." Si, Gentlemen, in the present instance, be raich: c.. 1! nvti thousand if he pleased. Your Lordbhir, no frequently tried fol riot or disa.fection? Mr. Justice . . . . Mr. Seeatater prucetded.—l thought your Lordship had pre sided at such trials ; I have been concerned in many cases or the kind , and I can assure you, Gentlemen of the Jury, it is.ls cwr been the practice upon such occasions, on the part of • the de fendants, to contend that there was no riot at all. to prove that all was peace and good order, that there was no exciteaient held out to tumult or disturbance, and fur this purpose witnesses were not difficult to be procured, from the vast smothers concerned. —3lr. Scoaeser continued to contend that Mr. Hunt's object was, by calling a great number of witnesses, to wear out the pa tience of the Court and Jury. At first sight it would appear that they were brought together promiscuously; but at bottom, there was not only dexterity, but craft in the selection he made. Where were those 7,0 householders who were said to have signed the Requisition for the Meeting? Why were they not brought forward? Was the Jury to be-caught by such chaff? A man may prove much by witnesses which he produces, but much may be inferred front witnesses which axe not produced. Why ae nut the 700 who called the Meeting here to account for the objects of it Because they never called it—because they never signed a Requisition —because the whole was a base fabsication. Not one of them appears-..not a witness produced ever shoed a Requisition. This, then, was one headhf negative evident;. Now, to turn back to another part of the defence, one which pains had been taken to keep entirely out of view for some days clack—was there any evidence offered to shew that training did not go on in the neighbourhood of, Manchester for sonic time preceding the Meeting ? Was there any confirma tion of the unparalleled assertion, that this was done only to make the people march with more regularity into Manchester ? Was any one produced .who had been so drilled, to say that it lied no other object than that ? No. If there was no other design, why not prove it? Was it unreasonable to suppose that the Magistracy should have felt alarm at this train ing ? Why, the object of it was clear—at least, hitherto, it has not been disproved. Why not contradict Chadwick/ Because they could not do it. So much then for their integrity. The Jury had before seen the impotence of the defence. Now, a word as to the defendant* themselves. No one could be more sorry than he was to see Bamford in such company, for he seemed discreet, his defence was marked by talent, and his con duct to the Court by respect. He deserved to be in better com pany. Bamford bad said, and so had Mr. Hunt and the Doc tor, that they considered certain principles their political rights: Among there, Annual Parliaments and Universal Suffrage. Johnson said the saint, and added that many worthy and holiest melt agreed with him. He ( .Ir. S.) hoped there were some hones( men who did not agree with him. They say " we think Annual Pe/ha:mots and Universal Suffrage ate the rights of the people." Now, in the first place, this was not the time for trying the doctrines of Reform, and in the next, it was of little consequence what Johnson, the Jury, or himself (Mr. S.) thought about it. One thing, however, was clear, that if a man has a system of Reform, whatever that be, and if he attempts to dictate that to the Parliam e nt, h e be comes a transgressor to the laws of the country. It is not only against the law to say, " we must have so and so, this system or that," but it is also against Referral itstif. To say that Annual Parliaments are political rights is very absurd: there can b e no political rights but what issue from the law, and these the law condenses. Well, then, say they, they are natural rights. Natural rights! They might as well say they have.a right from nature to be a Peer. la what leaf of the book of nature, he would be - glad to know, were these to be found written? Oh, blit again, they are essential to the Constitution. They were not essential to it, because they never existed. The House of Commons was a body caienatieg originally from' the Crown. Taft rights of the felele were but gradually rehogidzed; for, in our history, we find one Member named by the Ving, . and another by the Sberiff. The people came by degrees to have the whine po.vtr of sending theta; but' this was the work of ages. It was qui:e impossible to think that any sudden change could be elected in a nate= of so long standing. He then observed upon the danger of preaching these doctrines at large Nleetings. As well might Carlile say, the best religion was reason, and salva tion w. la but a fable. lit hoped, for the honour of the country, that thicgs would never come to that pass, that we should take ocr rel!gion from a tinman, and our ides of politics from air. Hunt. The observation upon Mr. Carlile was not uncalled ;or ; fur if Mr. Hunt did rot approve his princi- Plefo why Lae this man—an unlettered man—by the hand, and introduce hint to the notice of the people at Manchester? He did not doubt that if Carlile 's doctrines were acted upon, a new mode of getting a trial through a Court would be by dung away the allegation of an oath. The Learned Counsel then re capitulated the charges against the defendants. The charges were, for conspiring to bring about a Meeting, and to excite discon tent—doing this la a menacing manner, and holding that unlawful Meeting in a menacing manner. Thee, he contended, were all supported by the evidence. Ile would skew the system and connec ikon With this view, he read the Resolutious passed at the Sniiels field Mettinee et whi: ll Ml. Hunt presided a short time before. .6-11 e then read the Address, calling" a Itieetlag far the fth of . . Almost, to consider of the propriety of sleeting a Legislatorial Attorney to represent them in .Pastament, Henry llunt, - Esq. In the Chair. Was there nd Burgess, no Gentleman, iti the neighbourhood of Manchester, more interested in its welfare than Mr. Hunt, to preside on such an occasion? To this Meet ing Sir Charles Wolseley and others were invited. The Magi,- trates were held up to ridicule -in bills posted about the t s owo, and their placard was treated with the uttalost derision, as being ungrammatical and absurd,because it was worded as such papers had cum:Slimly been, oh the authority of the best writers, and contained nothing preposterous in the eyes of those accustomed to the ordinary forms, and allowable abbreviations of language. In this state of things, Mr. limit came from London— Mr. Hunt here interfered, and said, he had not come from London on that occasion. Mr. Sceeerrr continued.—Web, he had dropped from the clouds, or come from Coventry. Mr. Hunt—My Lord, is this in evidence? Mr. Justice Bomar.—How can it be in evidence ? It was only used as a figure of speech. Mr. Scene re proceeded—The Jury would obscree the im pertinence of the defendant! It was of a elect.. with the rest of his conduct ! If he would not h ave i t that - he name from Coven try, he (Mr. Searlett) would say he had dropped from the cicuds! At all events, Mr. Hunt had come t o B u ll oc k-S m i t h y to meet Moorhouse. Thither Moorhome had repaired to seek him. If the Jury bore in mind what had then occurred, ther e was an end of Moorhouse's defence. He would pen it to an y man, if hunt, on coming to Manchester, wished to .inspire respect for the sa eels trates, or to hold them up to public.contempt ? He, on his ar rival at Manchester, had described their conduct to have been illegal, end said, that is nine tailors were wanted to make a man, so it.seemed that nine Magistrates were wanting to publish a placard, (alludin; to a paper that had been issued, signed be nine hligistretes). He (Mr. Hunt) thought the Meeting which had been called, hut which the Magistrates had prohi bited, was not illegal, and advised the people to have another Meeting. This advice he had the audacity to give, with the newly-elected Legislatorial Representative (Sir Charles Wolse ley,) sitting by his side, or at least in another carriage close by.- -He (Mrs Hunt) considered that Meeting to be leWful which the Magistrates had declared to be illegal; and he recommended the calling of another, which he invited those be addressed to attend, at the same time calling on them to take as many of their friends with them as they could. Tbt Magistrates pronounced a Meeting to be illegal; he declared it to be lawful, and wished another to be called, that he might contest the matter with them, and Mr. Moorhouse, it should seem, was to attend the witness during the result of. the struggle. Mr. Hunt passed the week between the 9th and the 16ch August at the cottage of Johnson, the brush-maker, Ile (Mr. Hunt) had called no witnesses to shew how he had pawed his time, while he was there, and they , knew of nothing that be had done in the course of the week, with the exception of the ridiculous bravado of offering to sur render himself to the Magistrates on the Saturday preceding the 16th of August, at a time when he knew that he had com mitted no act, for doing which they could have been justified in•arrestirg him. Ile (Mr. Scatlett) thought he could shew how Mr Hunt had been occupied in that week. He had been engaged in drawing Nip and issuing an Address to the People. This had been proved by his own witness (Mr. Grundy), who had seen the original of a Paper, which had been issued to call the Meeting of the 16th August, in Mr. Hunt's hand-writing. This document contained a repetition of the advice which he had addressed to the people on the 9th of August, and hid undoubtedly not bleat issued till after much consukratien ; and it was in cumultations on the subject that Mr. Hunt heel bee it occupied during that week. The language of the bill was not a little remarkable.' Part of it, ran thus :—" Cane then, ray friends, to the Meeting, armed with no other weapon than a self-approving conscience." Why, who had told him that they were coming to the Meeting armed with any other weapon? Why was this hint necessary? Looking at the language of that bill, could it be doubted that Mr. hunt had had consel tations with Johnson, Knight, and othaes, while undetermined whether he should go back or not before the 16th? The re sult of those consultatioas was his making up his mind to stay_over the 16th. From the language of the bill to which he had adverted, it was evident that Mr. Hunt was fearful that the people, indented as they were, would be quicker in their motions than he could have wished them to be—too quick for the successful accomplishment of his object. Could this be doubted, whea it was seen that he thought it necessary to caution them against coming armed? This, and this alone, was the advicei that he meant to give, but not daring to do it openly, he adopted the precaution of telline than to come ariaed with no other weapon than a self-approving conscience. In consequence of this mandato, three witnesses called by Bam ford had proved that the sticks which. they had taken out with them were left behind on the way. They had alsti barn cautioned against making resistance, even though their leaders should be taken. This too was in pursuance of the wish of their chief, who felt naturally anxious that his men should not take the field till their organization was complete. His instructions were, in consequence, to this effect—" For Geds sake do not shew your teeth till you can bite." It was his object to keep back the preparations, and hepce the advice that they should not come armed; and, to make it more significant, he believed it could be shewn that the word "atoned" had been primed in italics. But then the Magistrates were invited to attend the Meeting to argue with the leaders of the people.— (He begged the Jury to note that expression), and convince them that they were in error, if indeed their reasonings were fallacious. This invitation was but a jest, intended to hold up the Magistrates to public derision. Could it be pre tended, that it was hoped that they would be able to reason with a multitude, consisting of eighty thousand men, women, and children? Who were the leaders alluded to? Was Mr. Carlile, who had been invited to the Meeting, one of them ? Was Mr. Smith, of Liverpool, one? But it was right to say, that that Gentleman ought not to be regarded as one, seeing that he, though invited, had declined going on the hustings. That day's placard described the object of tho*e calling the Meeting to be, to edentate the eternal principles of truth and justice, and to claim privileges, with their right to which (unfortunately for those opposed to them) the people were but totewell acquainted. It went on— " We hereby invite" (this was the language of a placard signed " Henry Hunt,") the Magistrates who called the \leering ad vertised fur Monday illegal, to come among us and discuss the merits of the question. If we are wrong, let them do their duty by setting us right, instead of preventing our meeting by violence." The Magistrates, forsooth, were to discuss the ques tion of Parliamentary Retorm with Johnson, iiensford, Dr. Healey, Swift, Wilde, and C.ulile, and Moorhouae was perhaps to decide between them. Could any man affect not to know' the meaning of an invitation like this? Could any one doubt that the object of it was to hold up the Magistrates to scorn and ridicule, and to shew that it depended on the good pleasure of those calling the Meeting whether they should 'be taunted, banked, or trampled upon?, Whatever opinion might (reformed on the events of the 16th or August, he would contend there, as well as elsewhere, that the Magistrates, looking at the pre parations for the Meeting, connected as these were known to be with the drillings and traiuings which had previously taken place, Would have deserved to be dismissed front their situa tions, if they had not taken their stations on the ground,. teed adopted precautions to guard against excesses that might occur. The Learned Cotiniel then went over the evidence of Chadwick. That young man hadleft :Manchester, at twelve o'clock at nieht, on the 15th of August, to ea to White Moss, having heard that the training was going on at that piece. lle founds large body of people on the ground, marching and performing other military evolution". _They formed in line two deep, and all present were made to fall in. The words" Make ready," 0 Preseat," " Fire," were given ; and at the word " Fire," a conacetancous cleppieg hands took place. Instead of going into a tedious inquiry into matters totally irreles ant on the present occasion, Mr. Hunt wouid have dope Weil to apply himself to prove that no sueh drillings and training' had taken place. These, how ever, were to be disproved: The testimony of Chadwick had not been shaken, and stn slander had bean breathed on the testimony of this witness but by the breath of Mr: Hunt: What he had de- posed was not at all at variance with the evidence gicta by Shaw cress and Murray, who saw nothing bat marcaing and rennin at White Moss. These witnesses, in fact, careebt rated the testi mony of Chadwick. They were present five or ten minutes beg fore they were attacked ; and as el le party wee.: mareliieg all the time, it was not surprising that they did no: hear the words, a hake ready," " Present,' and " Fire," as those evolu tions were not performed while bodies of men were marching. Who had contradicted Chadwick ? No man; no man but Mr. Ilunt. He (Chadwick) prayed those evhlutions to have conti nued ter beers, astd all the spectators were formed in line, being supposed favourable to the views of the conspirators. Murray then conies on the ground, is called a spy, and body of them pursue him. This Chadwick saw, and this Murray and 'Shaw cross had proved. This drilling, it was felt by the parties, would not bear the ireeection of a Constable, lie(Murray) was ac. coed beely beaten,. and forced to knee! down and forsvrear IA allegfanie to save his life . Murrey, however, though he did this, was so severely treated, that wheu conveyed to his borne he was confined to his bed, unable to move. Chedwirk then I described the approach of one of the parties to Manchester on i the following dly, the halt befor e Me i ray's ho se, and the ? shout of the crowd, tvith the cry, " No White Moss hilinbage" 1 He described similet conduct en the part of tint . body with which Mr. Hunt came. But tlisn Mr. I h int wot,kl have it he- Breed that he heed no controul over the mob. This, lioweeen, would not do. Mr. Hunt was not to tell them at one time that he Cad such controul over the crowd that be had the merit of keeping them peaceable, and at ;mother, thea he had no core r mend of them at all. The evidence of Cited-nick was confirmed, zs to the conduct of the crowd, by one of the defendant's wit nesses, Mr. 'ryas, who he had learned (since Isis aerivai at York), w a s a Gentleman of most respectable character, who had dis tinguished himself at the University of Cennseiege—Mr. Tyas went even further than Chadwick, for he described the mob to beve hissed and groaned at the Star, where tee el archeate r M. - gistrates were assembled. This hissing was in etri.4lcn on the nine wire 'Magistrates, as they were callen, anti this conduct, on the part of the mob, furnished a fair s.mple cf the treatment which they had to expect if they accepted the ioeitetion sire n them to attend the Meeting. A frther inanifeetatien of the dis pcntion excited among the crowd was found in theie conduct when they art iced opposite the Police-office, Mai:chcser, where they hissed and groaned at the Constables on dhty. \Vas this conduct to be regarded as indicating anything like respect for the Magistrates and the Police? lie comended,• that the Authori ties could not be upheld, and orde; could not be maintained,. if persons in office were to be thus contemptuously treated. Why were the Special Constable's to be insulted? They cenhisted of some of the most respectable inhabitants of that vast town. This Mr. Hunt himself had proved.by one ...f the new respeerelne witnesses that he hid called. The Learned Gentlemen then de scribed the advance of different bodice front 'settees pace: el,- tant from two or three to nice or twelve miles front Matichester, with ail the appearance of persons well disciplined. .1 et es ber of trainings had been known to have previously tahsa place in the neighbourhood' of Mem:lie:ten Several large h.:;- dies of men had been seen exercising at Tandie Dill and setri- MIS other places. One person had seen two thousand persees thus assembled between six and tell in the morititt. is had been proved, even by ;he nefeunants witnesses, that Llae:ford, or some other leader, had been engaged tie the anorn'o of the 16th in exercising the Mid.lle:olt people, by forming them into a hollow square. . It had heel: proved tl,at sprigs cf laurel had been riven to the haters of :he s,,,:ri•Jas cr com panies, and then they re arched tili , ntpltaotiy to Menchesten h - Why had all the precaut inns previ 1 to here been adopted been taken? Why was all this, if notiliee more than a common Meeting was intended? These very prceaueoes slimes,' ti:a; something more was in contemplation. Could the Jery imagele that these proceedings had no object but to. preserve oruehat the Meeting of the 16th of August? Ile could not for a moment believe that they were to be caught with such chaff. Ile would agree . that Mr. Hunt had taken great pains to prevent an explee sion on the loth of August. He (Mr. Hunt) had celled many witnesses unnecessarily, to prove that the words which he had used on the hustings, " put them down and keep them down,' did not apply to the Military. lie (Mr. Szar:ert) had never made them a past of the case. But this be made a part of the cake that Mr. Hunt would not have thought the precau tions which he had used necessary, if he had not thought it probable that some breaking out %voted take plert. Ile then adverted to the u.stiniony given by seventeen of the defendants' witnesses, good, bad, and indinerent, and sawed it to have but little beating on the merits of the case in 1..v..,ur of Mr. Hunt and his friends. Ile particularly elitected the atten tion of the Jury to the evidence of the witness Schofield, the Dissenting Minister; he would ask them it they could believe that man on his 0411? He (Sckofieln) could not at first tecolkea that he had written for a seditious newspaper; then he could ix! remit; et that what he had written had any comic: ton with pl,-" lines, theueh it turned nut that they ware connected with nos thing else. Then he stated the riper.; that he had .furnished to the joureel in question to have been written one before, and one after the 16th of August, ard then that both were written afterwards. The 17 wimesses however to which he had made allusion, had shown that there was enough in the made in which the meeting had keen drawn together, combined with the pre vious trainings, to inspire terror and a:arm in the minds of all the peaceable and respectable inhabitants of Manchester. —Or. the threat that that town should be made a second Mose cos, and on that of one of a party that he would get as good a coat as that which the person to when, he addressed himself wore bofere night, he laid no stress as connected with the Meeting of that day, but he must contend, that these threats breaking out, nutwhlestanding all the reel: , tions that had been used, went to prove what were undeestood to be the ultimate objects of the combination. In spite ors all the orders issued to the se veral leaders of that day, it heed linen shesvn that the feeling was the effect •.f the conspiracy, which would eeentualiy go to array the poor against the rich. To this - they were come at lash though matters were not ripe for proceeding to action on that day. It was worthy of remark that Mr. Hunt had not thought it necessary to explain those significant words, " your enemies,' whichhe admitted that he had used. It had been sworn, and, perhap s ', very truly, that at the time he uttered them the mills tary were not in sight, and hence it may be inferred that they did not apply to them. 're whom tires did they apply ? Was it to the Magistrates and the Constables? Surely the Jury were not to be told, that it was too much for demagogues to go about at this time of day to inflame the people, by fel:nevi:lth g the Local Authorities, to whom they owed obedience, to be their enemies? To do as Mr. Hunt had done—to tell the peop'e that they had a right to do what the Magistrates had told theist they had no right to do, and to invite them to do it in defiance of their authority, what was it hut to teach the popalase then they might trample on the Magistrates when they pleased, al though it might not be his good pleasure to do so at that parti cular time? This borne in mind, he, for one, could not bet give credit to the honour, to the integrity, nay, to the judgment, of that Magistrate, Who had given it as his opinion, that had the persons acting such a part been allowed to go on without herr ruption, Manchester might not have been standing at this mo ment. He referred to the riots in 1780, and to the subseqtve-t proceedings,agaiust Load George Gordon, on a charge of Hi n lt Treason, for the part he had taken in them. From the nine chiefs which ensued from the public mind being inflamed as it was then, though without any evil intention, as it uppeafed, in the first instance, and from the prosecution then insthuted against the then Lord Mayor of London,, for not puttinght stop to the riots in the that instance, he ,inferred that the Magistrates of Manchester were justified in takine those pe e cuutiens to which they had so very promptly resorted.— Ile complained of the manner in which Mr. Hulton had ?itch vilified, for the evidence which he gave in the couiie of th a trial. That-Gentleman was a man of fortune and family, and known fur a most humane and charitable man in that part cf the country. If others did not see or hear that whfch be lied deposed, it by no means followed that that to which he hsd sworn was untrue. Ile had thought the shout which he heard proceed from the crowd was ,one of defiance. He had seen sticks and stones in the air as the Cavalry advanced, and had seen the crowd closed in upon them before they reached the hustings. .To contradict this respectable person, Mr. hunt le d called a number oinwitnesees who dial het see or hear whet Mrs Hutton had described. But if, in addition to those broutht forward, he (Mr. Hunt) had called 40,000 more to prove that they kuew nothing of the circtenstances in question, that wield ' not maternity have altered the nature of the case.. In nerioes points he shewedthat Mr. Hulton's evidence was corroborated by the evidetice of Mr. Orton, and even by that of- Mr. Tye-, and by another witness for the defence, a very respectable man, Mr. llubsor.. Other witnesses heard the Words used to direct there to lock arms, and these were said to be ed.. dressed to the crowd by order of the Committee. Ile did 'eh believe that it was intended to proceed to violence that day ; but the cenect was to prove that they could make themselvts mon fennidable whenever they should chute. IVhst else the words " Be firm !" Ste. that were proved to have been used. It was meant to skew the town of Manchester that those fin m log the Meeting knew how to combine in inch strength thet they could de what they pleased. 'the peeple of Mencnester were loyal and respectable, and he was satisfied that they de sired no Meeting like that which had been called in their town for the I6th of August : he the net heliehe that 700 of the re spectable inhabitants had signed the requisition calling the Meet ing. Mr. Swift might know the parties who had eaUedbuttbs: & Meeting, but he (Mr. earn) did not, and Mr Hun t b a d k nown better than to produce on e ss ituesa to prov e t h at f act. It might be that .700 weavers had put their names to some paper, requisition had been signed by 700 of the respectable inhebitates of Manchester. l.nhe mixture of women and children in the crow s, on which so much stress had been laid, he inahstained was coal mon to every mob ; andthis was one of the circumstanter h h;:h canted thedauscr attendant oo such Meetings. Such a Matti: g J !`~ F S i ' !I i 'a II