Star. — London, England, 1829-10-22 00:00:00

. \, , rently not satisfied with the manner no which his supposed mom plke grappled with his master, cried out that the best way to secure so dangerous a witness was to cut his throat. A large was actually drawn for the purpose, wbeo, maddened by his danger, the proprietor, dashing the. weapon on one side with his arm, rushed upon bit assailants, uttering loud cries for assistance. — The gendarmes made their appearance at the critical moment, when the delay of even a few seconds would have been fatal. The robbers, though surprised, fought desperately • at length one fell, covered with wounds — thre e were arrested, and two succeeded in making their escape at the time ; but one of these was taken into custody the same evening, as he was attempt. ing to cross the Adour, and the other in his own. bed the next FRENCH PAPERS. From the Gazette7l7lrwace, dated Tuesday. PARTS, OCT. 19. After quoting the observations of the ckntstitsstionael. on the Ma nifesto of the Emperor of Russiii, the Casette says We were well convinced beforehand that the Constitutionnd would not allow more moderation to the Emperor of Russia than it is used to snow to any other Sovereign. But the proofs which it brings to support its opinion are so false, that we cannot dis pense with refuting them.: ‘• It is entirely false that the Turkish Provinces are to he occu pied for an indefinite time. The entire evacuation will take place immediately after the payment of the indemnity. " The war contribution, far from being so considerable, as was said at the beginning, has been reduced by General Diebitsch, or will be so by his Imperial Majesty. " There will be no castles occupied in the Bosphorus, either tensporarily or indefinitely; the treaty is formal upon this point. " Lastly, The whole territory of Turkey is to be evacuated, and the Ottoman empire, with the exception of some places in Asia, remains as it was before the war. The article of the treaty laying down the limits, and which designates the Pruth as that of the two Empires to the north of the Principalities, is irrefragable." Every one of the Liberal Journals has to•day an article against Russia and its Sovereign ; whether this arises from concert or not — whether the Col:4W Directeur has given enders or not, it is ne vertheless true that this unanimity of sentiments and views in the organs of revolution is very remarkable. There have been victories and conquests, after two long and san guinary campaigns. Oaght this contest to be without any result for Russia? Nobody can think so ; least of all those who have been the most violent instigators of the war. From the Courrier Francais. PARIS, Om 19. The English Journals find in the Treaty of Adrianople an inex haustible source of reflection. They do not reproach the Emperor Nicholas with having profited by the advantages of victory; every other person in his place would have done the same; but in con sidering the Articles of the Treaty, and what has transpired of the secret articles, they are come unanimously to the conclusion, that the Ottoman Empire exists no longer, except in name, which in fact is the conclusion to which every impartial person must come. The English Journals begin also to perceive that England and France have played a pitiable part in this affair. They note -ee what ought to have been done to prevent results which they must now witness, powerless to influence them. They trusted to the skill of the Duke of Wellington, and they perceive too late that .heir trust has failed. What is strange in all this is, that some of the English Journals and fault with France and its public spirit. There ought to have been, they say, a close alliance between the two countries, and un fortunately; nationajprejudices are still cherished in France—the hatred of England has revived with increased strength. These Journals are deceived—the prejudices they condemn are disappear ing Irons amongst us. We do not hate the English Nation, but its Government—the aristocratical caste which keeps it in subjection, and endeavours to stifle the germs of liberty among all the nations of the earth. The aristocracy and its representative, the Duke of Wel lington, have sent a Ministry to us, the enemy of free institutions, the enemy of our national glory, of our recollections—the enemy of France such as it has been made by half a century of revolu cons, of triumphs, of misfortunes, and of progress towards an im vested state of social order. This empoisoned gift, thrown amongst us as a sign of friendship, has revolted the national sus ceptibility; a voice has been lifted up in every part of France against the alliance to be imposed on us at this price; but we have never confounded the English Nation with the well-justified hatred we express towards the Duke of Wellington, any more than we have confounded the just and noble cause of the Irish Catholics with the despicable diatribes of the meddling O'Connell. It must be remembered that there was not at the time of Mr. Canning, in the public opinion of France, the least sentiment of hostility to England. Canning. wished for civil and religious liberty for his own country, and for every country of the globe. He would not have employed his ascendancy to inflict on France an oppressive Ministry. He would not have hesitated when danger threatened tit.: independence of Furtipe, any more than he hesitated to repress the plots of Spain against the liberty of Portugal; he would not, Above all, have displayed an ignoble condescension for the monster who is destroying the ancient ally of England. This connivance has borne its fruits. While a barbarian inspire is effaced in the east of Europe, it does not depend on a faction favoured by Wellington that Another such an empire does not rise ift the west. The Camarillo of Ferdinand has recognized Don Miguel : this Prince acquired a title to his favour by his attempt on his father; his perjury and the executions which have followed have completed his claims. Den Miguel was too much in harmony with the Spanish system, that there should not be between the two States a close bond of union. The Lame sympathy must soon induce our Ministers to imitate the example of Ferdinand. This recognition may be important for the satisfaction of the two Princes, but it is of no importance to a political wotid. That a government with strength, without money, without credit, with - out influence. should recognise a tottering government that a breath would blow down, cannot make either of them stronger than they now are. In honour of the approaching marriage, however, an amnesty is pro mised to the Spaniards, and they may appreciate this amnesty by the official connection between Ferdinand and the most terrible inflictor of executions that ever desolated a country. There are moral considerations to be deduced from this recognition. We shall confine ourselves to one. The Holy Alliance has made legi timacy the national law of Europe. If the Monarchs interested in preserving this right tread it sti readily under foot, can they sup pose that this will be the ready method of making it be greatly venerated by their people? Fasacx FUNDS.--Pmas, ocl...i9.—Five per Cents. 108 f. 20c. Three per Cents, 821. 9.5 c. Bank Actions DOM. Finnan FUNDS.—Neapolitin Renter , ialc. Cert. 89f. 2.5 c. Royal Spanish Loan, 761. Perpetual Spanish Annuities, 525. Hayden Loan, 3451. gimix , wasmigNimososmso"' • VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. From the Hobart Town Courier. Aram 18.—Wheat during the week has been sold for cash at Cs. 6d. and Ts. per bushel, Seme smutty samples were disposed of at the Jetty as low as ss. a bushel. Flour 245. per cwt. Potatoes are generally sold at from ss. to Gs. a cwt. or ld. per pound. Fresh butter is scarce at 3s. a pound. Eggs, Ls. 6d. a dozen. 'f be Van Diemen's Land establishment has, we learn, received an additional grant from the Home Government of 20.000 acres, on account of the severe losses of the Company by shipwrecks. &c. and the great expense already incurred in the colony. A man named William ' Riddell was executed at Sydney on the 2.3 d March for murder. He was a native of Roxburghshire, in the south of Scotland, and was known to have very religious haits until he was 20 years of age, when he became a disciple ha bits notorious Carlisle, and was ukinutely transported for sheep stealing. MAT 9.—The late season has been particularly favourable to vegetation, to a degree, indeed, as would scarcely be believed in England. A Kangaroo apple plant (a species of mianum) that was planted twenty months ago, not three inches high, is nine or ten yard% round, and from two td three high. The native shrubs that were planted about the same tight round Mr. Moodie 's beau tiful lawn in Davey street, from two to three feet high, and with a stem about the thickness of the little finger, are now many of them upwards of twenty feet in height, and, about a yard from the ground from ten to twelve inches round. Some pumpkins which we have seen grown in the gardens of Hobart Towel, average from 60 to 701bs weight, and about live round. MAT 115.—. The whale fishery, which has osemenced unusually early this season, promises to be most suaripeaful. No less than ten fish have already been caught by the two establishments down the river ; and at Oyster Illy and the other eatt stations they have been equally fortunate. • Resides the Clarence, which is fitting out, we have now five different establishmeow actively at work, each of which have front four tp five Wanton/toyed. MORYSN,' May 16. Since I wrote you last week the natives have committed another murder. Two men in the employ of Mrs. Mary Smith were in the act et cr Abe South Rek with some floor in a cart, when a body of natives rysionded them ;de Of the men could swim, and got ma? the other. btreould sot swim, hsto the river with him for safety. He ke tMs head above water elms as he could , until obliged from weak .40 kit him go, at the semedase he observed him blee di ng i n o t tm • the h e • supposed he had received a spear wooed. The mass sunk s y her, and has not simo beau found. Liast. Shadier* with the of his detachasem, hoe bees is• permit of them all tida week ; heMbee got eight of two mem, but twigs on the opposite s ide el an immense tier, it was nitensibis in cosortra with them. ' They still remain in this quarter. Very little is thought is them days of a man or two being murdered by those barbarous sages. 16, They robbed the cart of 5001bs of flour, end several other things. I The name of tbe man that has lost his is Thomas James. PROSSER'S PLAINS, MAT 15. I have the pain to communicate to you an account of three more most barbarous murders by the aborigines. A tribe of about 90 of them must have been prowling about the neighbourhood, evi dently watching their opportunity to rob and murder. After robbing Mr. Lord and Mr. Nicholl's stock but of every moveable article, they surprised a poor man named John Fr anks, free, a shepherd in the employment of Mr. Buchanan, and most barbarously killed him. They then proceeded to the stock hut of Mr. Walter Red path, and la their way must alas have surprised first the one shepherd and then the other, as the unfortunate men were found on the ground horribly murdered, their heads being completely beaten to pieces, and each with a deep spear wound in the back, as if re ceived' in the act of endeavouring to run away. Their names are Francis Daley and Richard Sawyer, both free men. Mr. Laseelles, the blagistrate of the district, has been down to inqu ire into the circumstances, and would, no doubt, have held an inquest , could he have assembled a Jury and found a Bible, a copy of which, I am sorry to say, was not to be seen in eight stock huts which he visited. May 30.—Arrived on Tuesday the barque St. George, 310 tons, Captain George Findley, from London January 16, with a general cargo of goods. Passengers—Mr. Luttrel and Mr. Hunt, also Mr. Richardson. Arrived on Thursday the brig lonia, Captain Back, from Syd ney, 16th May. Passengers—C. M'Lacblan, Esq. and lady; T. Wright, Esq. and Mrs. C. Wright ; Mr. D. Egan, muter-builder in his Majesty's Dock-yard ; Capt. Fenton, of the Bengal army, and two servants. The ships Melville and Mellish, with male prisoners, and the brigs Melville and Resource, with goods, bad arrived at Sydney. The Princess Royal, with female prisoners, from London, and the Edward, with 177, from Dublin, bad also arriv Orders have been received from England, for the immediate am, • IV abandonment of Port Railles.—finstralion. His Majesty's sloop Satellite will remain longer on this station than was expected.—Did. Se great was the overstock of goods at Sydney, that Captain Dun has resolved, we learn, to return the iron and pitch by the Pyramus to London, as dead weight. The vessel will therefore?' meet with early despatch. The Woodlark has returned from a twelvemonth's cruise with 200 tuns of sperm oil. The Colombia sailed from Liverpool, with colonial produce on the 23th of April; also the Australia, fit London, with the military invalids and Lieutenant Sweeny. His Majesty's ship Satellite brought back a number of run-away prisoners from the Friendly Isles and New Zealand, which had escaped from these colonies. Mr. Hayes, of the Antra/ion, has been found guilty of publishing a libel on his Excellency Governor I4ON OON. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 22. MICR OF STOCKS AT TWO O'CLOCK. Bank Stock ex. div. 2141 16 India Bonds 64 5 3 per Cent. Red. ex. div. 901 1 South Sea Stock 3 per Ct. Cons. 901 1/ Old Annuities, 31 per Ct. 1818, ex. div. 99f 11000 Excheq. Bills, (2d.) 74 5 51 per Cent. Red. ex.div. 92/ 1 1 4500 Ditto 74 5 4 per Ct. 1031 1100 and 4200 Ditto 74 5 4pr ct. 826,ex die. 1041 ft Bank for Acct. Long Ann. ex. d. 19 13-16th. 20 India for Acct. India Stock Consoh for Acct. 911 1 FORETON FUNDS. TWO O'CLOCK. Brazil Bonds, spr Ct. 671 1 Do Acct. 110 Do. Acct. 671 1 1 Peru,. Bds. 6 p 0.131 14 Do. Bonds, 1829, spr Ct. Do. Aect. 13$ 14 131 Ditto Acct. 67 Port. Bds. Sp. Ct. 481 9f Woad, 1414. Sn. et 731 43 1 Ditto Acct. 491 Ditto Acct. 73/ 4 Pros*. Bonds. 5 p Ct Greek Bonds, 5 p Ct. 191 1 Do Bonds, 18112. p Ct. lose 141148.1i41.0825,5 ;err,. Rue. Ode. 1822, 5 p Ct. 104 1 Ditto Acct. Spanish Ode. S per Ct. 81 1 Mexican Bch. 3 per Cent. Fr. Eta, 5 per Ct.loBf. Do. Bds. 1845.6 prCt. 20 Exchange 25f. 65c. BRITISH AND Ft/REIGN SHARES, TWO o'CtoCK. Th• 'Am. sea sum's. Bratllla.., Imp. (hi. .E 5 pm.) 35 20 77 Do. National 25 7i iO/ 11 About ten o'clock last night, M. COST'S!, an Italian Messenger, arrived at the Colonial Office in Downing street, with dispatches to Sir GEORGE MURRAY, from Sir FREDERICK ADAM, the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, at Corfu. The Messenger also brought dispatches from the Hon. ROBERT GORDON, at Constantinople, to the Earl of ABERDEEN. We are indebted to the politeness of the EDITOR of the Morning Herald for his Lisbon and Paris Expresses of this morning, and which hare appeared in a second edition of his Journal. The contents of these papers are of the highest importance. As we have long antici pated, and repeatedly said—nothing but bankruptcy and ruin could follow the career of such a wretch as MIG UEL : THE EVENING STAR. 'r • • ett R• ,:_ - -, -, - A 71S 1.0,11)00' • , EXPRESS FROM LISBON. We hare just received, by Express, a Utter from our Correspondent at Lisbon, from which we extract the fol lowing : LISBON, Oct. 10, 1829. The greatest confusion now pervades this city ; the last remaining hold of public credit has been shaken, and all those who are engaged in commerce, or em ployed by the Government, are puzzled--bewildered— and know not what to do, for a sort of panic has struck all classes. There has within two days been a run upon the Bank, which, however, by the aid of an increased number of paying clerks, has hitherto contrived to meet the demand. The paper money, a sort of Government assignats, of which, in all legal payment, one is obliged to receive half as currency, which, when Miguel arrived, was at a dis count of about fifteen, will not now be accepted by the Money Exchangers at thirty per cent. All persons either expecting payments, or having remittances to make, are alarmed, for it is feared that the discount will rise to 40, and even more. The Exchange on England was, on Thursday, at 45i ; it fell yesterday to 45, and to day to 444. • SATURDAY NIGHT, NINE O'CLOCK. It is stated, but the statement requires confirmation, that, by a despotic order of MIGUEL, and his Ministers, the Bank is to close on Monday next. Exchange on England, 44i, variable ; Government Paper Money from 30 to 31 discount. EXPRES - TIVITI PARIS. From the Message? des Chambres—Second Edition. BUCHAREST, San. COSSIMININDIMIM According to letters from Adrianople, the Treaty of Peace was ratified by the Sultan on the 20th of Septem ber. In consequence, the Turkish troops are at this moment evacuating Ghiurgevo, which is going to be occupied by the Russians. The Russian army will begin its retreat on the 28th of October, and first of all it will evacuate Adrianople, the Porte having engaged to make by that time the first payment of the commercial indemnity. It is said that the Russian garrisons of Sise boli and Bourgas will occupy those places for another year, even though the army shall have re-passed the Balkan. Since we have become certain that the principalities will have an independent Government, and will cease to be subject to the arbitrary dominion of the Ottoman Porte, universal joy prevails, and landed property in creases in value. The whole attention of the two Prin cipalities is directed to the choice of the new Hospodars ; and, it may be supposed, that the Russian Governor- General will have no inconsiderable influence on their nomination. We expect the return of the foreign agents, who left their posts during the war. Turkish Commissioners have arrived in Servia, to concert with Prince Mulosch respect ing all the points relative to the five districts, which were mentioned also in the Treaty of Akermann. The Prince will afterwards go to the Russian head-quarters. We hear no more of the march of Gen. Geismar, who was said to have followed the Pacha of Scutari in his expedition. — The organization of troops in the Principalities will now become an object of serious attention—their strength, it is said, will be raised to 14,000 men. FRONTIERS OF WALLACHIA, Scre. 23. It seems, according to the accounts which we receive from the army of Count Diebitsch, that that General re mains with his head-quarters at Adrianople ; while Count Pahlen with 12,000 men, and Kisselew, with 8,000, are to occupy Moldavia and Wallachia. General Roth will remain with his corps between the Danube and the Bal kan ; and the third corps, under General Krassowsky, which is still before Shumla, will re-pass the Pruth. General Kisselew is said to have stopped in the envi rons of Sophia, to wait for new orders. It is not yet known whether he has had any engagement with the Albanians of the Pacha of Scutari. It is probable that the latter has proceeded to Shumla. Public report de signates Lieutenant-General Count Suchtelin as future president of the Principalities. The Committee of Boy ards is still assembled at Bucharest. It is at present engaged in the choice of a Hospodar. Opinions are di vided between the antient Hospodar and Gregory, Ghika and Kupiniana. It is supposed that Ghika will succeed, though he has many adversaries among the Boyards. ( From the Austrian Observer of October 11.) Vii wrf A , OCT. 10 .—Metalliques, 102—Bank Shares, 219. _ PAW KOCK ■ICuADOt, TUESDAY, OCT. 20. Five per Cents, 108 f 50c 45c 50c Three per Cents, 82f 55c 50c Bank Stock, 1862 f 50c 1860 f Rentes de Naples, 89f 50c Royal Spanish Loan, 78,77] Rents Perp. d'Espagne 53italH Haytian 1.08.11, 347 f 50c 101e111AVOI es Losposi. One Month, 25f 65c ; Three Months, 25f 50c The Flanders Mail, which arrived this morning, is destitute of any important intelligence. A sketch of the KING'S Speech on the opening of Chambers, is given in Le Beige—but it is very meagre, and as unmean ing as similar harangues are on this side. He speaks this is always a matter of course of his amicalile relations with foreign Powers, and he announces the approaching marriage of one of his daughters with a Prince of the House of Prussia. The following are extracts : BRUSSELS, Ocr. 17. His Royal Highness Prince Albert of Prussia is expected at the Hague on Monday next. It Is sow certain that Baron Von Zeylen Von Nyeneldt, his Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople, will haveleave of absence to return to the Netherlands. On the 14th inst. the sea rose to an extraordinary height at Ostend, viz. 94 inches above high water mark. Her Royal Highness the Princess of Orange has been very ill for some days, in consequence of a fright caused by the sudden ap pearance of a chimney-sweep who had mistaken the room. The Princess was the more earily alarmed, as the late robbery of her diamonds has left a painful impression on her mind. The physicians have socceeded in their efforts, and she is now better. 19.—His Royal Highness the Prince of Orange arrived here yesterday from the Hague. The programme for the opening of the ordinary Session of the States• General, which will take place at the Hague on the 19th October, has just been published in the usual form. His Majesty will open the Session in person. Oar. 19.—His Excellency the English Ambassador to the Court of the Netherlands, who arrived here the day before yesterday from London, set out this morning for the Hague. The Prince of Orange has returned to the Hague, to be present today at the opening of the Session of the States GeneraL Oce.2o.—A British Cabinet Messenger arrived here yesterday front Loudon, with dispatches for Vienna. It is much to be regretted (says Le Beige) that many Deputies of the southern provinces will not be present at the Ind Sittings of the Second Chamber—some of them in consequence of circum stances over which they have no centres', others through careless ness. Besides the Address, the wording of which is not am unhn portant matter, and, under present circumstances, ought to contain something nacre than the usual common-place expressions, there are questions *upends' the validity of some new elections, which will be inunstilatslyosamineds and which deserve the serious attention of the Chamber. HIS MAJESTY'S SPEECH. “ I am happy at seeing myself again surrounded by the Repre sentatives of the Belgic Nation, which, In the several provinces that I have visited shot your last Session, has given me unequivocal proofs of attachment, and confirmed me In the belief that the Na tion entertains towards me those sentiments of love and confidence which my bean values so highly, and to which my constant solici tude for its happiness gives me a claim. " Mambo to Deems Pawn:mum this solicitude has net been unfruitful. and has received its recompense.' His Majesty says be convinced hheself in hie We tour at the progress of manufactures, and the Manse of general prosperity.— Hb Maiesty speaks of the amicable reladeas of the kingdom with foreign Powers, and the intended marriage of his only daughter the Princess Ma:Wm. with Prince Albert, son of the King of Pressiae—HM Maiesty citruses his bores of a happy m inima= of the troubles in the Beet Ws pessesdoss.—His W iest/ enneences, among ether abiects that will be laid before the Climbers, the budget, the code of precesdirp in the Criminal Cams, and a law as public instruction, in order, says his Majesty , to give, by our joint agreement, more stability to the liberal prin ciples which . ought to regulate this Important matter.—Brusseir Papers, 041.21. NAPLES, OCT. 1. M. de Ribeaupierre, who fs still here, expects dispatches from his Court, which will probably direct him to return to his post as Russian Ambassador at Constantinople. From all we learn, it seems that the Greek State will obtain the wished-for extension of its boundaries. The President of Greece seems to be very desires. to form a considerable Greek navy. Not only are all the ships of -- - war to be retained. but negociations are said to be on foot witb a great Pourer, which will, on acceptable terms, furnish Greece with several large ships of war, which however the Greeks must man themselves. If this plan should succeed, the natural aptness of the Greeks to a seafaring life may lead to the rapid formation of a nrw naval power in the Mediterranean, which is desirable on many accounts, u it would trot only give a new impulse to commerce, but also probably contribute to put an end to the excesses of the feihusg, Oct. 16. A letter addressed by M. BEUGNOT, President of the Board of Trade and Colonies in France, to the mer- chants of Marseilles, and recommending them to take advantage of the recent conclusion of Peace (i. c. Truct between Russia and Turkey, for pushing their trade in the Levant, has furnished the Times of this morning with a leading article remarkable for its sophistry and shallowness. While the " system of blockades," and total indiffer ence to the commercial interests of the country, betrayed by Ministers, have produced such wide spread ruin among ourselves, the laudable and patriotic measure of the French statesman is sneered at, as if it were both useless and unnecessary. If instead of allow ing such a wretch as the usurper of Portugal, and the execrable faction which surrounds him, to interdict British commerce, and seize on British pro perty without even the forms of law and equity, our President of the Board of Trade had written a circular, calling the attention of commercial men to any new open ing which presented itself for advantages of speculation, the Times would have no doubt treated it in the same facetious way as it has the communication of M. BEUG. NOT. But the principal object of our noticing the observations of the " Leading Journal" is to undeceive the writer with regard to a matter on which he labouri under a lamentable self delusion. " The fact, however," says he, " is important though it required no minister of state to discover it, that the settlement of the Greek question, and the restoration of Peace between Russia and Turkey, must give a new impulse and a more extended range to the trade of the Levant." With reference to this passage, me have no hesitation in telling the Times and the country, that, as we stated a few days ago, the overwhelming influence of every kind secured to Russia by the treaty of Adria nople, added to the successful rivalry already established on the part of France and Austria, render it utterly im possible for the British manufacturer or ship-owner henc , .,- forth to compete with the commerce of those countries. To say nothing of that state of exhaustion in which the recent war leaves both Greece and Turkey, it is noto rious that Austrian and French goods of all kinds an even now sold at a much cheaper rate than those of Eng land, while we are absolutely thrown out of the carrying trade altogether ! Had there been the smallest tufposition on the part of Ministers either to uphold the national honour, or pro mote our commercial interests, they would not have suffered Russia to proceed to the fearful lengths she has; much less would they have lost every particle of that respect and influence among the people of Greece, which it would have been so easy to maintain. We are sick at heart, when we reflect on the humiliating state to which the country has been reduced, and we freely confess that our feelings are greatly embittered by an apprehension that a change of system, if it ever arrives, will come too late to retrieve the violated honour and lost prosperity of England. There was a somewhat singular article yesterday in a Morning Paper, concerning the overgrowth of the aris tocratic system in this country. Nine individuals were particularised, who are certainly all men of enormous wealth ; and our contemporary argued from this great power to corrupt the people, the fact of popular corrup tion. We do not find him wrong, but we find his com mentary incompletely developed ; and this imperfectness with which he has stated his case, has tempted the Globe to impugn the principles of his argument generally. In fact, they seem to be both floundering, though both have got hold of something. The case for the Chronicle may be stated briefly as follows : that while entails, and other conspiring acci dents—such as purchase, testamentary acquisition, in termarriage—often consolidate three or four princely estates into one possession, thus imparting to the per son in whom they center an excessive and unnatural predominance, the small properties on the other hand are tending eternally to subdivisions. But while the " secondary class of gentry," put by him at a maximum of one thousand a year, are perpe tually driven because of their large families to resort to mortgages, or equitable partitions, or partial or complete alienation of their little properties, which keeps the mass of popular possessions—if we may so term it— in a state of constant fluctuation : " the great landowners who possess political power are under no necessity of di minishing their estates," by reason that they monopolise within themselves all the resources of private as well as official.patronage--and are thus enabled either to pro vide for their younger branches at all times with rich ecclesiastical endowments, or billet them upon the public revenues. Our contemporary states, that great hind holders at the epoch of the Commonwealth possessed even more of the land of the country than they do now but that the preponderance of the few over the many — which is so striking in our day—did not obtain then. The middle classes of our times are much wealthier than the middle dames were under the Protectorate : but Om very wealth—" from the distribution of political in fluence—is only made to rivet the chains of dill 1101101111 COS I