Star. — London, England, 1820-04-14 00:00:00

Ilts, the eat- for li Rt.: ~~ILL C Or ved Of nan, also Abit- ivcc, g4te :atioa Squa- 7FD !AC :tit !ived tI:oz :e, We! It, if the the Is of start one a I cop their hay! !shed fiat vran liecr low ion!' :ruck 10(11 this .74 yard rime Jam itside FOI deals anC nd be- oth gate - evn were !on dan- is, of It `acts Eii o the wet Dun- 3 and the Mr. f tsh pri; ;sive, wo they . tp It Of malt ap iated at da ding]. oyal T.l! Me mica COI Squa- net Maier • ignifi- rah- n the • :en of iht E eor SIU - bighly the hided of Laker, es ;and quires Cl ; and tli n. by SC 7ring j fr ooke I had Thor D his tr. :11 he 4 to with r 1/1 iffer th - el.c i .41 fetal se:prt lAA `I t* k the! It 'NI N.- 'hair a enr.r. GLAEGCW, APII7I, 11. 1-.7 good city continues to enjoy its wonted repose. 71e panic is over ; and the usual business is going fL , rward. A number of more persons have beenap !heruled, both in the town and country, charged w;th participation in the late attempt . at insurrection. Thi, morning. Lowe, a beameri'said to be a Cap aia at the late Radical Army, was apprehended and lodged in Bridewell. We understand there are about foav State prisoners confined there. A detachment of horse and foot, from Paisley, a;1 ved at Barrhead yesterday morning, about five o'clock, and seized three leading Radicals, and con ducted them to Paisley jail. Four Radicals, from Airdrie, were brought into ilamilton on Sunday morning. Among these were mill, r and Rogers, who were formerly seized for their connexion with the Union Societies, and weie out on bail. • The same day, a Radical from Blartyre, and one from Kilbiide, with some powder and ball in his possession, were brought in, and these, with the ten seized at Strathaven, were brought into Glasgow on Sunday night. Yesterday, a detachment of Sharpshooters, under Cm. Bryson, brought five Radicals from Strathaven,-: and lodged them in Hamilton Barracks. Monday sennight, at alittle past six o'clock in the morning, John Wilson, Esq. proprietor of the exten sive public works at Ilurlct, went round to see if any of the woi kers had obeyed the treasonable Address, and, to his groat satisfaction, be found neither man nor boy absent. The attempt of the Scotish Radicals to impute their miserable exit to want of support from their ra3lisii confederates, is not very becoming; since t!le r.rnabcrs that on Saturday se'nnight moved upon I tuddersf.eld, were four or five times greater than those who appeared in arms, or in parade, in the West of Scctiond. had the rebellion been tried in the other disturbed districts. the result, we may be would have been precisely the same. - In no in stance could such insurgents have, for half an hour coped with the soldiers. No district therefore could have aided another; and the simultaneous movement was as nonsensical as the rest of the Radical scheme. Saturday afternoon, about three o'clock, the fol lowing fifteen isoners, charged with the crimes of /;igh Treason and Lebeilion against the King, were lodged in the Tolbooth of Edinburgh, •iz. John 13aird, Thomas HiCulloch, Andres; Hardie, John Barr, William Smith, B. njasnin Moir, Allan Niurchy, Alexander La timer, Alexander Johnstone, Andrew White, David Thoinson, James Wright, Thomas Pink, Robt. Gray, and James Clelland. These men were taken prisoners after the action at Forcryb:idge, by a small party of the 10th Hussars and Stirring shire Yeomanry, on Wednesday, and were lodged in Stirling Castle, along with three others, who still remain there, being so severely rounded that they could not be removed. The pri !otters were put on board a steam-boat, at Stirling, der charg,eofn l‘lacer of Justiciary and a party of , Veterans. They were landed at Newhaven, where six carriages were waiting.for them, in which they were conveyed to :he Jail: Numbers of the Weavers itaie;, again begun to their looms. Few or none of the public works at which the men had struck, are yet tare Pro prietors being determined to receive back only ,those workers who are of peaceable habits and who gille , up the names of their leaders. Two hundred guineas reward are offered, for the apprehension and conviction of the person who shot at one of the 10th Hussars, near Airdrie, on Wednes day last. The Paris Papers of Tuesday arrived this forenoon, The Chamber of Deputies were again occupied, on Monday, with the discussion of the Financial Ac counts antecedent to 1819,-;-From Spain there is no news.—Five per Cents. Monday, 74 , fr. A Mail from Flanders arrived this forenoon. • We learn, from an article dated Manheim, April 4, that the Aulic Tribunal have at last finished their inqui sition into the affair of Sand!, and that the whole of the proceedings have been referred to the High Court ci Justice at . blanheim. This important process is not expected to be definitively terminated till the month ci June. New York Papers, to the 19th of March, ari ived this morning. The following important document, respecting the cession of the Floridas, has been issued from the Executive at Washington : WASHINGTON, SIARCII 15. 66 DEPARTMENT OF STATE. -4 4 Waskington, December 16. • 4 Sta—With reference to the question proposed by the CorrlL tr.:teee,Wbet!icr the Executive considers the Florida Treaty as a tobtisting one, valid according to the Law of Nations ? 1 have tile honour to state, that the President considers the Treaty of the 22d bf February last as obligatory upon the honour and good f,,Ah of Spain—not as a perfect Treaty (ratification being au es t, otial formality), but as a cotapact Spaia was bound to ratify, “31 an adjustment of the differences between the two nations, which the King of Spain, by his full power to the Alinister, had ?olcmi.ly promised to approve, ratify, and fulfil. As there is no eonrt of Chancery between nations, these differences can be staled only lay agreement or by force. (Signed) "JUAN QUINCET AD4IIIS." Yesterday, the Duke of DEvoNsnine left his villa at Ciihwick, to dine and pass the night with Prince LEGPOLD, at Claremont; and this day his Grace left Ctareanont for Dover, to embark for the Conducts.. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. LIIIV INTELLIGENCE. FALMOUTH, Aram Il.—Wind N.N.W.—Sailed . the Charles MMs, JACKSON, for Madras and Bengal ; Mangles, COGHILL, for New South Wales; Princess Elizabeth packet, With a Mail, for Jamaica; Trent, LonostorrOm, for St. John's, New Brunswick; Royal Yeoman, SLY; and Amity, Sruaa, for Quebec; and his Majesty's ship Laz, on a cruize. PLYMOUTH, Aram IC.Sailed the Nautili., Mrzenzu., for Prince Edward's Island; Hero; CASE, for ditto • Lady Ann, Josrs ; and Mount Etna, Mai o ni,•f or Newfoundla nd; Quebec, Tows, for Bayonne; Antelope, Loway, for Gibraltar; Water loo, COLE, for Kingston"; Nautilus, Axtizzws, for Oporto; Robert Edwards, SHERISURNE, for Canton; Ann, Parrs, for Rio Janeiro • Sir James Kempt, DAVISON ; and Sir Joseph Banks, I.Actr, for Jamaica; Tropic, Baksatrosus, for Barbadoes ; and • several others. :COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, APRIL 11, 12, •ND SITTINGS AT SEVERN; KING, AND CO. V. THE IMPERIAL IN SURANCE COMPANY. - This trial excited an uncommon share of interest, not only on account of the large sum sought to be recovered, but on account of the n u mber of scientific Gentlemen who were brought forward as witnesses, trod the quantity of chymical learning which was dis played in the course of the investigation. ' It will be recollected, that on the morning of the, 10th of November, a fire broke out in the extensive -premises of Messrs. Severn, King, and Co. sugar bakers, in - Church-lane, Whitechapel, near the Com- , mercial r road. That fire destroyed the whole of their extensive and valuable property, which was insuied• in different Offices to - the amount of I:60,000, and has given rise to the cause now before us. The action was brought to recover the sum of 1:8000, for which a part of the property had been in sured at the Office of the defendants ; and the pay ment was resisted on the ground that the plaintiffs bad a new species of apparatus, in which a quantity of oil had been used, and that this oil, when heated to a great degree, had produced inflammable gas, which was alleged to have been the cause of the conflagra tion. It was contended, that this departure from the old practice of refining sugar, was a forfeiture of the insurance, by exposing the premises to a danger which otherwise would not have existed. It remained then for the plaintiffs to slew, that this defence s; as :untenable. A large and well-constructed model of the apparatus used in the refining of sugar, as Well as the part of the building where it had been fitted up, was produced in Court. The case was opened, on the part of the plaintiffs, by the SOLICITOR-GENERAL, who dwelt on all the leading points, which were afterwards disclosed in , evidence. He said, there was no positive proof as to the precise way in which the fire originated. The must pr obable cause was, that it proceeded from one I of- thoie common accidents which frequently hap pened ; but he should prove, in the clearest manner, .by the testimony of the best chymists in the king dom, some of whom were well acquainted with the premises, that the fire could not have been occasioned y the improved machinery introduced into the ma- , ntifactory ; but that, on the contrary, the machinery was calculated to. prevent fires from taking place.— i He then called several persons sho had been ern ployed on the premises, and several neighbours ; from whose evidence there was reason to suppose I that the fire had began in a different part of the pre- 1 raises from that where die new mUchine was erected. ' It was stated, that according to the old mode, the sugar was placed in boilers immediately over the , fires, by which the inflammable gas might easily have been- produced, and. a danger always existed in case this gas, or the boiling sugar, caught fire ; but bribe new mode, the sugar was heated through the medium of boiling oil, and every hazard of the kind was obviated. • The following scientific Gentlemen were then called, to prove this part of the case: Mr. Daniel Wilson said, he was acquainted with the new mode of refining sugar by the apparatus of the plaintiffs, which he had assisted in fitting up. All the oil vessels were heated by the application of Ere in the ordinary way. The great danger of other machines was, that the sugar being immediately over the fire, was always in danger of boiling over and taking fire, •n account of its gre at combustibility ; but in the present pro cess that danger was avoided. He had visited the apparatus al most every day, to see how it went on. There might have been some leakage of oil from the boiler; but that which leaked into the fire, could not communicate any flame to the oil in the ves sel, for it would burn, and the combustible gas would go up the chimney. The oil in the boilers could not send out any in flammable gas until the heat became so great as to raise the thermometer up to 600 degrees; but the heat of the oil never increased to that extent. Several hours of a very hard fire would be necessary to produce that effect. If inflammable gas were produced in the ordinary mode, it would have gone out by lateral vents, and could not have set fire to the house. The chimney was, on the outside, made of brick-work, but inside that there were cast irotkpipes, so that the heat could not get to the brick-work. To render atmospheric air inflammable, there must have been a mixture of gas in it in the proportion of one to seven. But here there was net sufficient gas to produce an explosion. The danger, in fact , would have been greater in the ordinary apparatus than in Ibis. The vent was more than sufficient to carry off ten times the quantity of gas that could be produced in this apparatus. It was repaired a short time be fore the fire. Witness superintended the repair; the oil was taken out at the time; witness saw the apparatus after the fire with some surveyors and engineers ; there was an immense mass of rubbish lying on the retort; there was not the slightest rent In the retort, as if an explosion had taken place; there was no appearance of violence or explosion in it ; the appearance of the fire was at the upper room, and not near the oil vessel ; the oil was conveyed through copper pipes, and it was impossible foe them to have burst from the pumpisig bC,the oil; at the bottom of the retort there was a quantity or carbonaceous matter, oc casioned by the oil, which would not have been tke case, if as explosion had taken place. He was then asked, if he thought, on the whole, that the fire was occasioned by the apparatus? Mr. Scwaxerr objected to this question : it was for the Jury to judge of that point. He then proceeded to cross-examine the witness, who said he had oaken out a patent for his machine. There were various modes of boiling sugar besides that of his patent. Mr. Howard had a patent for the purpose, and Mr.- Wyatt another. The quantity of oil generally put into the ma chine was 100 gallons. Being asked how the copper under the retort happened to be burnt if the fire took place at the top of -. me ? the coals' under the Ltvrarom., Arm 12.—Arrivid the Ann, Csocare, from New York, sailed 18th March ; Louisa, CHAIR, from Savannah ; and Nelson, LAX; from Madeira. Arrived off this port the Albion, STRWART, from Calcutta, sailed 29th November. Poitesnotrrit, Alum 13.—Wind N.E.—Arrived the Britan ni.t, front Havre, with passengers.—Sailed the Partridge, BE TIIAM, for Madras and Bengal; Henry William, WANTS, for Malta ; Norfolk, RICHARDSON, for Quebec; James, PRIBORN, fur New Brunswick ; and Harmony, RICHARDSON, for Quebec. Dt:aL, APRIL 13.—Wind N.E —Arrived the It osella, AR- Nowsxtrn, from Newcas:le for Honduras; Indus, WRIGIIT, from Shields for St. Helena; Albion, Moulins, from New castle for Quebec ; and Mariner, TnosrrsoN, from London for St. John's : they have all sailed with the outward-bound. Re main in the Downs the Savant frigate, and Diligence East India pilot yacht. Dovita, APRIL 13.—The Latona, LOVIE, tan on shore during a fog, near the South Foreland, but got off again last right by the assistance of a smack, and proceeded down Channel with out damage. HARWICH, Aran. 13.—Arrived the Earl Leicester packet, with a Mal from Cuxhaven. CORK, Arsit B.—Arrived his Majesty's ship Diem*, from Dublin, with Sir THOMAS 13111SRANZ and suite on board : she has: sailed again. Geis-esp.:ll, Amt. 19.—Arrived the Flora, Leighton, f St. Michael's; Elizabeth, Godfrey, from Antwerp; Albinii,. Lyrn, from Bombay ; and Lively, Bayes, from Harlingen.---' Sailt•cl the Caledonia, Harrison, for Jamaica; Prince. Braith ss ait ; and Nelly, Robertson, for Quebec ; Hermes, Kennack, I for Malta ; Attbler, Wotton, for Amsterdam ; Suffolk, Palmer, for Pillaii, tr. Elizabeth, Noss, for Halifax; Nancy, Thomp son, for Madeira, &c. Ceres, Schultz, for Memel; and Duke of Kent, Pound, for Rotterdam. CirszoNt-Ilnitsr., Aran. 13.—Ships Entered Inwards . The Mary Ann, Rogers, from 'Waterloo ; Flora, Leighton, from St. Michael's; Elizabeth, Oxlfrey, from Antwerp; Lively, Burges, from Harlingen ; Friends, —, from Newfoundland ; Pon sonby, from Sligo; Barbadoes Packet, from Trinidad; Vigilant, Strong, from Petersburgh ; Perseverance, Haywood, from Canary; and Hope, Rees, from Malta.—Cleared Out wards—The Blucher, Clark, for Hamburgh ; Tates, Arthur, for Konigsburg ; Anio, Crew, for Naples; Levant, IsPllibber, for Belfast ; and Gratitude, Duckett, for Trieste The CommiSsioners appointed under the Special Commission to try the State Prisoners, will proceed to-morrow to the Sessions House, in Clerkenwell, for the purpose of adjourning the Court, (which, it will be recollected, when it last met, was appointed to re-assemble on the 15th instant) to a future day. Their Lordships will then go on to the Sessions House in the Old Bailey, where the eleven prisoners against whom Bills of Indictment have been found for High Treason, will be arraigned. After their pleas have been received, the next step will be to ask them whether they will conjoin in their challenges of the Jury, or challenge separately ? If they agree to challenge collectively, which is extremely impro bable, they will be tried together, but if they persist in their right to challenge separately, then they will take their trials in succession, and Artkur Thistle-. wood will he first put to the Bar. The Commission will be adjourned from Saturday till Monday morn ing, when the trials are expected to commence. This morning, at six n clock, -the two Sheriffs of London and Middlesex, attended by the two City Marshals and several Peace Officers, went to the Tower, and demanded the bodies of the State Pri soners to be tried at the present Old Bailey Sessions. They were brought out of their different places of conanement handcuffed, and- placed in eight coaches, in each of which were two Officers of the City and Bow.street Police. The coaches were escorted by two Troops of the Horse Guards. They came across Tower-Hill, through Savage-gardens, Jewry -street, Leadenhall-street, and Cheapside, and arrived at Newgate at half-past seven. The prisoners were re ceived by Mr. Brown, and placed in different rooms. Their genet al demeanour was quiet and composed. Dtividson, though handcuffed, took his hat off, and waved it as an huzza. Mr. Sheriff PARKINS and the head Maruhals were on horseback. Mr. WtTHERELL has declined to undertake the de fence of the - State Prisoners, in consequence of his engagements ht the Court of Chancery. DUEL.—Friday'o at an early hour, .a meeting took place near the Lough, Cork, between the Honour able CHRISTOPHER HELY HurcHtssoN, Member for Cork, and Paritic t tc W. CALLAGHAN, Esq. the former attended by Sir W. A. CHATTERTON, Bart. as his second, and the-latter by DENts RICHARD MoyLaN, Esq. On the first fire Mr. HUTCHINSON was slightly wounded in oat of the fingers of the left hand, which has since been amputated. FASHIONABLE ARRIVALS. The Earl and Countess of Derby, at their house in Gros venor-square, from their seat, the Oaks, Kent. The Earl of Coventry, at his house in Piccadilly, from his seat in Surrey. The Earl of Stanhope, in Clarges-street, from his seat in Kent. Lady Deering, at hoc house in Queen-street, Iday-fair, from a tour. • Sir John Shelley, Bart. at his house in Berkeley-square, from his the house? he answered, that .s lying , copper seat in Sussex. had continued burning for a week after, in consequence of a Lord Yardley, at his house in Lower Grosvenor-street, from current of air which proceeded up the chimney. hit seat, Bzlvedere Kent. Lord and Lady ' Say and Sole, at their house in Lower Berke- Mr. Manby, an iron-manufacturer, near Horslydovrn, said ley-street, from a tour. . he constructed the oit vessel of this apparatus, which was en tirely free from any defect. There was some leakage in this Lord Boston, at his house in Lower Grosvenor-street, from his szat, Ilecisor Lodge. Bucks. vessel, but no more than was common to all vessels, ror wear Lady Louisa Manners, at her house in Pall-Mall, from her and tear would produce that effect. scat in Surrey. Mr. James Harris, a sugar-refiner at Liverpool, had carried Lord James Murray, at his house in Connaught-place. on the business there for fourteen years: he described the pro- The Right Hon. Charles and Mrs. Long, at their house, cesses by which sugar was boiled; one process was by oil, which Whitehall, from their seat, Bromley Hill, Kent. was much less dangerous than by the old plan, on account of Sir William Maly, But. at his house in Hill -street, Berkeley- the quickness with which the sugar could be separated from the square, from his seat, Shabbun, Surrey. oil-pan the moment any danger was apprehended. The process', I Dlr. Neville, in New Burlington-street, from Essex. of the apparatus, of which a model was then in Court, was, in Sir 11. Martin Bart. at his house in Upper Harley-street, his o p inion, safer than any other mode which he knew of. Wit. from his seat in ;kilts. ness did introduce into his manufactory the process of bollix/4 The Earl of Chatham, at Cook's Hotel, Albemarle-street, with oil: after that be went and effected a fresh insurance. Ha horn a tour. had, hrwever, since laid this aside, and returned to the aid Sir Abraham Hume, Bart. at his house in Hill -street, Berke- method.,.. ley-square, from his seat in Ilerts. Mr. Robinson, who bad bees a sugar-refiner for twenty If Cons-Excitaeoe, MARN-LANE, Aram 14.—Our Wheat trade thirty years, said, the old mode of boiling sugar was attended continues exceedingly heavy, having had • larger arrivals of late . with considerable danger, unless there was a peipetual watth than the demand could take off, yet prime samples wipport i upon it. In such a vessel as that before the Court, there up alontla)'s prices, but scarcely a sale could be made of any other . Feared to be no danger at all. He had himself always boiled , description. Fine Barley went off rather more freely, but n o t according to the old method. When3ticaNsostets were bursil at higher prices, and the middling qualities met better sale at dOwn, he never could ascertain the cause. 1 .., , a decline of is. Nr quarter. The. Oat trade was full as good as I Mr. Dunkin, an engineer, spoke to the apPearanee of die ap. on Monday. In Beans and Peas there is no alteration. , paratui in question after the fire. It was his Opinion, that such SMITHFIrLD MARKET, APRIT 14.--Beef, 45. 6d. to .ss. 6d. per an apparatus was the safest mode, because it riquired less fire, stone of 811 as.; Dlutton, 4s 84. to 6s. od. Veal, es. od. to 7s. od. and because the fire never came in direct contacts/J*lth the vas- Pork S. Od. to 6s. 6d.; Lamb 7s. to As. 6d.—Cattle at Market-- . .. sea is which the sugar was boiled. The oil never produced va- Beasts 450 ; Calves, 80; Sheep and Lambs, 5,000 ; Pigs, xOO.-7- pour or•inflaminablo gas, until it acquired a much greater tie- Hay, 31. 10s. to 4/. los. Clover, Si. to 6/. los. Straw, 11. les. ETSe.lite. ltAt e han themengar required. If there had been ham %) 14. 16e. bma le is apparatus it would have gone o ff by a leaden . i pipe, which the heat would sot be sufficient to melt. Ile saw no danger whatever from the heating of the oil. Mr. S. Parkes, a chymist, said, he had inspected the process at tending the apparatus in question; and he was sure it *as less dangerous than any•other. lie agreed with Mr. Ill!eon in every thing he stated, except as to. the tine that the gas was.siren out. The witness then described some experiments which went to illustrate his position. No inflammable gas could be pro duced until the heat nisi to 600 degrees; and nu sneh effect could arise, even from negligence, in the machine in question, which he considered much safer than any other. Oil itself was not very inflammable ; sugar was twice more so. if the oil in the retort had been heated to evettgeritegrees, it would ins mediately carbonize the sugar. Mr. dirande, Priltessor of Chymistry at the Royal iectite tion, said he had made experiments in order to prtlaare himself for the evidence ha shimild give this ii iy. lie had put a 11 , .1 r. of sugar into boiling oil, which he heated to the temperature of nearly 600 degtecs, and the oil produced very littl e gas, with very slight degree of inflammability. For that reason, he was convinced there could have been no explosion by means of gas in the apparatus in question, which he considered the safest of all others. From examining the model, and tht• premises where the fire took pbce, he was convinced that tile fire must have broken out somewhere else than over the boiler.. There ee•ald have been no gas collected in the tapper part of the machine, so lung as there were apertures at the top. Me. Frederick Accum, the celebrated discoverer of yoisen in food, said he had occasion to make experiments on mable gas with new oil to a temperature of 600 degrees, and no gas was ever produced below that temperature. if •a vessel contained 100 gallons, it would .take a man eight or ten leJers to produce a beat to that temperature. Ile had tried experi ments with old oil, which gave gas at 460, similar to what was now used for illumination. If gas had been generated in the apparatus iu question, it would have gone out by the aperture at the top, as all inflammable gas was lighter than atmospheric air. lie was clearly convinced that this apparatus was much less hazardous than any other, because the operator here had a complete command over the heat, which was not the. case in other machines, where the sugar was likely to boil over, for sugar contained more inflammable gas than any other substance ; it would be physically impossible for the oil its the retort to take fire; nor could a quantity of gas be collected in the building without, its getting away; but if, by being air-tight, the place was filled with gas, and then the atmospheric air let in, and the smallest fire applied to it, an explosion would take place which must be heard all over London, and would tear the building to pieces. Cross-examined by Mr. SCAII:LETT.—Bang asked it oil was ever adulterated ? he said he had no doubt of it—(Laughter Being asked how he knew whether oil was more of less old/ he said it depended on how often it was heated, and whether heated in an open or a close vessel: the old oil would become heated sooner than new oil, because there was a quantity of aqueous matter in the new oil. • Mr. William Allen, Professor of Chymistry at Guy's Hos pital, had examined the model in question, and he was convinced it was a safer plan than . any other, because it prevented the danger whfch would arise from sugar boiling over, for sugar was a most inflammable substance; but the whale oil used in this apparatus would never produce icflaminable gas until it was heated above the temperature of 600 degrees. He did out think that the least :accident or danger could arise in this machine, even if the p.-rson attending was grossly negligent ; and if he was actually mischievous, it would take ham several hours be fore he could heat the oil up to a dangeraus temperature, and that would cause the sugar itself to be decomposed ; there could have been no accumulation of gas in this machine sufficient to cause an explosion. Mr. Batty, a chymist, said he had tried experiments for the purpose of ascertaining the degrees of heat which would cause sugar and oil to boil over • the one boiled over at 259, and took fire at 370. The oil boil ed over at 650, and did not take fire until it reached 700. Very little gas was z,..metated in the oil, until the heat was 600. In this machine there was no fire im mediately under the sugar : and, therefore, it was much safer than any other, If gas had been generated ti this machine, it would have evaporated, because it was Much lighter than com mon air. Ile had ascertained, by experiment, that oil, heated to the temperature of 600, could not melt lead. Mr. Ralph Walker, an engineer, gave a description of the premises after the fire ; he saw a great quantity of rubbish over the boiler, consisting of bricks, old broken chairs, &c. Mr. Sylvester spoke to the superior safety of boiling sugar by this apparatus; and was sure that any gas produced there must be given out so slowly as to have time enough to evaporate.: Mr. John Thomas Cooper, said he was perfectly acquainted with the new apparatus. The lowest temperature at which he could get gas from oil was from 570 to 580 ; antl if gas had been produced, it would all .go ,away through the various vents that lay open at the top of the buildirg. 'Mr - . Cockweil, Chairman of the Committee of Chemistry in the Society of Arts, fully agreed with the other witnesses, and considered the sprat atus in question less hazardous than any other. Several other witnesses were called to give evidence to the, same effect, all tending to prove the safety of the apparatus, and the impossibility of any tire taking place by the creation of in flammable gas, or of ignited gas continuing to burn at the top of a building like a lambent same ; for gits could not be col lected except in a close place; and if then set on fire, it would make an explosion destructive of everything around it. 31r. Bramah was now called._ He had made many experi ments respecting gas, and fully agreed with what had beetrstAted by all the Gentlemen who had given evidence before him. Here the case fur the plaintiffs closed.-.-The Court adjourned. SECOND DAY. Mr. SCARLETT, in behalf of the defendants, sow addressed th* Jury. The present cause was one of considerable importance. He attached neither blame nor the slightest imputation of fraud to the plaintiffs. They were men of the highest respectability. , So were the defendants, who, upon this occasion, had a painful duty to discharge. In every contract, simi lar to that upon which the present action was brought, there were certain rules, certain conditions that should be rigorously observed on both sides. There were three points to be considered by the Jury, a verdict on any of which, in favour of the defendants, would decide the question. Tlie•first to which he should draw their attention was the premises, and he would affirm that they were not properly described. The nest question was, whether the fire was occasioned by the process of.boiling oil ; and the third, whether, even though the fire was lot occasioned by that pro cess, it increased the risk. If they were-of opinion that the risk was increased, the defendants'would be entitled to their verdict. With respect to the first point, it was hardly necessary to state that a descrip tion of premises, included the communication be tween the various buildings adjoining, or tholes of which the premises consisted. By the Building Act it was contrary to law that there should be Sly com munication between different dwelling-houses by means of a door. It was allowed by an iron door between the dwelling-house and a warehouse. It was the duty of the plaintiffs, in this action, to state to the Insurance-office in what respect-tae buildings insured communicated one with the other. These buildings were the grinding-house, the new house, and the long house. The same trade was carried on in all, and they communicated by iron doors. This circumstance was not mentioned in the instructions to the office. There was, accordingly, no policy describ ing the new house as communicating with the grind ing-house or long-house. The policy on the grinding house was effected in October, on cancelling a former policy, from which the description was taken, and in which no mention was made of a communication with the new house by means of iron doors. Had there been a party-wall instead of iron doors, the fire which arose in the long-house would not, in ail probability, have communicated with the other s . It was clear, from . the conditions specified in the policy, that a communication should be made t f all matters , i 1 , ,‘ i, ~ y, 1.1M~"! liO= 'IL r . 4; (;'; ~~ r~ t . 4 • I I s .