Star. — London, England, 1827-08-17 00:00:00

14 - 1 . •' .4 are guilty of poaching would cortainly havl great reluetanee t • commit what they would adder avi 6l private property. ' The great majority of • r offences against the Came Laws are young unmarrie a wirers, hough same poachers are dissolute character who uld remain such even if good wages l'i %le e rat n is, that game is not private pro. . my, a he game of the land free, and left It free. The farmers, injured by the game, do not diacoueage this notion. When punished for offences against the Game Laws they are apt to think they have not had a tab - trial; when they have been convicted by strict preservers of game, who frequently been sufferers. Poaching and comniitment to platon..brins them acquainted with dissolute characters, they proceed to petty thefts, anti thus poaching tends ion various ways to Injure the moral feelings of the labourer. Dr. Hunt is of opinion that the Mindoro Trespass Act, arid other Acts which give summary jurisdiction, have greatly increased the number of commitments- He is also of opinion that these commitments tend to the increase of crime; because a person once sent to prison gets into a course of criminal habits by associating with dissolute persons he meets there. With regard to priion dis •cipline, he adds. " After long and attentive oissetvoion of prison discipline, and after a great deal of cooversatlon with the very ex cellent Chaplain of the primns of the county of Belford, I fear that very little improvement is ever made in the moral habits of a pri soner by even the best forms of pri-on clikipline and instruction that have yet been tievised." The classifieation is as perfect in the Bedford gaol as it can he made in a country of that extent. Ile afterwards %Ices his opinion in these words—" I do not think th a t prison discipline has increased crime, but that sets •ing to prison - at all for a small crime rather tends to increase crime of every des cription ; a man becomes a worse subject by being sent to prime' ; but he is not made so much worse now as formerly, in coon-tonnes of the improved dlacipline of prisons." He allows that " the dis cipline of prisons Whetter thin it evee was formerly, but thinks that punishment of thit or any other kind has not a fair trial; be cause the prisoners have not been able to return to a state of regu lar employment at gond wages." With regard to education, Dr. Hunt stater, that domestic disci pline and parental contrived have not been so touch attended to as formerly, arising perhaps from t' e great increase of schools, patents expecting (torn those schools more than they have bee* Muted to reelize The r 'phi - education given in them is seldom accompanied with much moral boatuetion. Sometimes when he has reproached the parent of a chltd; who had shewn early depravity, the parent has thrown the fatilt upon the whore!, saying, " I sent the child to a school where it ought to have been instructed better: I have nothing to reproach myself with." He has always ob served that educated ptisoners have been better behaved in proportion to thy, education they have received, particularly if moral di-ciidine and inettuetion have accompanied it; but no very perniapent good results unless parental controul bad also been exere.sed• lie is of opinion that a very great improvement in the moral character of the poor might he affected by a more general diffusion of the system of infant ,chnois. Mr. Ortidge, who has been Governor of the Gaol and House of Correction at Flury St. Edmund's fur very near thirty years, has given very valuable information to the Committee. The number of prisoners committed to the House of Correction has been -1805 . 221 1815 • 387 1824 . 457 1806 . 192 1816 . 476 1825 • 4 9 I 1807 . 173 1817 . 430 1826 • 573 This witness state, that the great increase in the number of corn nate:tents began in the year 1816, from the depression of agricul ture and the great dearth of employment. Men are employed upon the to.ds at a very lOW rate. They consider it a matter of right to be paid from the poor'seate. When the unemployed pour are put by the parish to work an the roads, they become lazy ; they know that whether they sit on the wheelbarrow all the day, or work hard, the result on Satuido slight would be the sante. The continuance atf this practice has a bad novel effect. He remembers the time when a Own considered himself disgraced by taking the allowance, hut that feeling is now gone by, and the independent spirit has been all desttu.yed. Single men receive from eightpence to tenpeoce a day from the parish. Next to the want of tniploymetit, and the in adequacy of the price of labour, be attributes the increase nt crime to the fact, that there is an abundant market for game, and nobody to compete in that market with the poacher. The quantity ot game is meetly increased. When first be went to the Gaol there were lour packs of fox hounds kept in the district; there are stone now. fence the fox-bounds have been laid down, Gentlemen have turned their attention to the preservation of game; and awociationa fur this purpose psy fur the ter - vices of thosevilin giveinformation that le sd s to a conviction. Until game became strictly prewar:4ond game associations formed, the number of commitments:under the Game taws was loconsitlable,-1810, 5 ; 1811, 4 ; 1812, 2 ; 1824, 60; 482.5. 41 ; 1.826, 71 ; 1622 (a year of grvit agricultufal eii-tre66), 18. Some poachers commit offence...of this kind tram the I. ye of soots ; _but the greater part of them are sink men who do out re c. eve adequate wages. He believes, that if game could be legally Itnuihr, the major part of the purchasers would not deal with the -41 heal traders in ir—how far th..t would drive them into the far mer's pig and l'oneltry yards he will nut pretend to determine.— While the fist C.Aisie raises there will be ntiolenteratours of some chnact ror other. Ile observes, however, that iu the article of .roaching, there is a general underetaieding amongst the lower peelers sit people that there is no moral crime cat it; au that they go to it with a feeling that they are duiteg no nowt' wrong. •• I b. liter I tote am many men go to poaching w' o would not steal, but I ant ,raid there are many non, who, when they have been out and taken no game, would take poultry on their return, from their necessities. I have known instances where men have as-ured nee after cuseviction, that they write out fur the purpose of taking game, but having been disappointed. they have ou their return taken duels, or pigs, or something else. I think that it leads to a great stied of crime, and so tar affects the nowalsuf the people. I think :there are poachers who would shudder at what they considered a felony ; but from congregating with idle characters, wben they carry l''e game for sale, Cori( minds get corrupted, and their mural feel ings bluuted." This witness attributes a part of the increase in the number of reitottitments to the Tre.pass Act, which gives a power to Magis trates to commit and convict ; he is likewise of opinion that the improved discipline of gaols induce many Magian ales to commit, where formerly thty would not have done it. There used to he a seprimand from the Magistrate, and a power of Ragging them at 'the stocks for minor offences. Ile thinks that the 'ft tips. Act ha. done great good, and has tended to diminish the numbet of atrocious crimes. The county of Suffolk, when he first knew it, hid more crime' of atrucicus character than it has at present. Formerly the gaol had but two rooms, one for debtors, and one far ci intinals of all denominations. The doors were opened in the morning and not shut till night; there was a constant intercourse with chow abru,d; there was no prohibition of liquor ; there was a tap in the prison; the whole was a scene of riot. Now, all is order ; the prisoners are kept on the treadmill, and there is more dread of coming to gaol. The treadmill, when administered mildly, is nu effectual punishment; iticistry, regularity, and order. are inculcated by it, when properly applied. The men work between nine and ten hours a day, two-third. ou, and one-third off; he calculates they walk from forty-eight to flay steps in a minute, each step seven inches apart. As regards juvritilx offenders, a less term of imprisonment Mean that usually applied, with private whippings, is more effectual than longer terms. The sense of Shaine is not gone off with the short impriiontnect. and combined with the pain of feeling, makes.i a lasting impression; but if they are kept for a long time, commu i icating. as they must do, however the gaol is managed, thee tends to lessen the sense of Annie, and perhaps to harden them. With' respect to poaching , he observes, that the commitment for poaching is a commitqlent for non-payment of money,. and does not enforce hard labour. "We may employ them, but then the Act says in something not severe. Unless we can employ them to as to fatigue the body, tlie.other is an amusement, and wears away the term of imerisenmetie; and in respect of moral instruction, where you do sine fatigue the body by labour you do not affect the man's mind; and I think there is a defect in the Game Laws—if It is necessary to commit at all, it is necessary to attach hard labour to it. I think it would be extremely wholesome if the power of hied labour was given with inspect to almost all convictions." As to any labour less severe than the treadmill,' he thinks it would be a sort of einem meat, and would be rather desired by the prisonegs than otherwisi, to pass time away. Whenever in prison any sort of labour is intro odoctel thst requires art, they must be watched, or they will spoil, 4•• " ptisoners can be employed in scarcely any thing but as mere op:adviews; when they are to finish any-article of value, if they are :rod out of humour they will spoil it. I think, in that case, their in a :Magnet% 'Mitt he consulted, rather than forced by disci, line, which as wrong."—As to solitary confinement, it operated en different indi -vidnals very differently. A sluggard would sleep the greater part 'of the time, whereas, it would drive an . active person nearly to •matlness. As to moral improvement, Mr. Orridge seems in some doubt. Ile observes that hypocri.y goes to a great extent in pre sent ; that these are many whom be Liss never known propefly till it, had no power or. r then, ; that a complete scoundrel conceals Irneself. •• I had thooebt that after thirty years I had a knowledge ot criminal character. but I believe I shall die a novice at last." With respect to classification, judging from thirty years espefience, the classes them by chat...esti - and conduct, and nor by crime; always itiformitig the Magistrate if he deviate' notch horn the rule laid dead r• its the Act of Psrliament. Tie thinks the clamineation ac coedit% to law does no good at all; a man of the most atrocious character may be mut to prison for a vcty slight offence. With r ii respect to education, be has greet doubt of the Safety of the system of education as now conducted ; he would give the pre ference to Instruction rather than no Instruetinn; but he thinks there wants to he ksyetem of Industry promoted with the instruc tion. He thinks the Sunday Schools are very excellent things; the children ore never employed on that day, and, as they willicon gregate, they bail better ceopegate is Sunday Schools. , But where there is only a system of education without sowing the seeds of industry, it does not go tar enough. The boil are at school ill day, and do not leant habits of industry from their parents as they used to dn. They afterwards, however, frequently forget what they have learnt. He remembers a charity school in the town where he resides, hi which the woollen business was con ducted; they went to labour by spinning, and on the alternate days they went to reading; their were few commitnients of persons educated in that •chool. Ile thinks, however, upon the whole. that if education bad not been introduced, the increase of crime would have been greater than it now is. Sir Thomas Baring, a Member of the Committee, having acted as a Magistrate lot about twenty years, in he county of Hants, states, that offences of an atrocious character have diminished, ex cepting. home and sheep-stealing ; but petty (Avocet increased to a very .g..:at dogrel. Thete have been frequently as many as fifty, sixty, and seventy ritisoners in the House ot C 1 ection fur offences against the Game laws; exclusive of iilt-tice. against the Game Laws of greater magnitude. Me Committee call the attention of the House to the following parts of the examination of Sir Thomas 'Wing • Du you remember at what time the great increase of offences with regard to the Game, began?—l thinks fur the last three or four years there has been a g eat increase. Do you attribute that to the increase, of distress, or the increase of Game, affording greater opportunity 7—To botls flare the people keen generally in p vidrse efindhltes during the. last-three or tour years than they went hofore?-e-d ;hill's, they cer tainly have; and whenever the price 420518114ra' produce is low, distress. prevails amongst the agricultural labourers During times of distress, is poaching the Most tommon offence? I think it is almost the only ofrence ter Whichilistress drives the.' agricultural labouring population, except poultry stealing and wood stealing, which have prevailed to a great degree also. Do you think that if there were no game, di.ttess would have caused poultry stealing, and other offences of the like kind, to an equal amount 1-1 should think not, truss the facility with which that offence may be committed as compared with other petty offences. Has there been a great Increase in the quantity of gamesreserv ed?—Very considerable, and conhned to small woods, making it extremely easy for them to he taken. V, what species of game do you refer?—Game in the woods— hares and pheasants ; but I can mention au instance where game is preserved to t`lie highest degree almost of any property in that part of the country ; and, in consequence of some illiberal obset ',dens in one of the Newsp .pers, that the proprietor had occasioned a num ber of ',vont% to be committed for poaching, I had the curiosity to inquire what number of persons had been committed for poaching upon that property since the game was first preserved, for the last 13 years, and in that period only three persons had been committed for poaching on that property. To what du you attribute that?—ln cmsequence of the srrict watch and the number of persons employed to preserve the game Do you believe that if the labourers were paid adequate wages there would be much poaching I—l feel e,athient that there would nut, and I can speak from personal evverierce. In the part of the country in which I reside poaching existed to a consider able extent ; front attention to the employment of the poor, and to their conduct al.u, I can say, that for the last two years no one instance of poaching has occurred, committed by the persons of that neighbourhood. It bad been the custom of far mers in the winters months to reduce the price of labour from 9s. and 10s. to 7s. and Bs. 1 prevailed upon them last year nut to reduce the labour at all, but to keep it at 9s. and 1 endeavoured to chew them, and did succeed in persuading tht as, that they would not lose by the sweet ; that they would have nearly as much to pay in parish rates, and the result b..s been that the people were well nil; and in no instance hat there been a complaint made to me, as a Magistrate, front au, party of the neighbourhood For any criminal offence committed ; a CUCURIft:III:e which has not occur red in any former year. Were all the lahoureriteepinyed during the winter 7—The whole OT them were employed. Whenever a person was found wanting employment, by agreement amongst the farmers he is taken into the employment of come one of them, and nut allowed to remain unentpluyed. Du not you think that the present romner of administering the Poor Laws leads to an isict.e....e"of the population beyond the means of employment? - I think the' l l'oor Law. have been very much abused. It test:iced to their ongurel inn:natio and purpose, they would be productive of the greate.t benefit to the country ;sabused, they arc prixtuctive of great evil. If they were confined simply to provide fur the aged and infirm and impotent, and not applied as they are now to the payment of part of the wages to the! labourers, they would he productive of good.' There is also mixed up in what is termed l'ot:r Rates tha which doex not belting to them, and which ought to tft-orparAred ; aittl I think if m cotta of intelligence would look mote accur,tely into the management of the pour, and to their comforts and conduct, the system of the Poor Laws would be a national benefit, and not an injury, both to the poor at:d to the rich. What do you thick is the objection felt to making that change on the part of the farmirs generally?— I think 111 the first instance, the desire to throw the barthen (ruin themselves upon others, and also in a great measure, from an indifference which prevails lit theirs minds, with respect to the moral cb.tractrr aed conduct of the poor; that wheat they have 19 pay lis. wages instead rf 7.. they do not take into cotieideration th.t in the event tat their paying 7s. they will very frequently h Ye i early a. much to pay Li the sh..pe ut their proportion to the P.Sor's Rate.. Should the Committee be ri.tiewed next year, some valuable in formatirin may be exp.cted from Sir T. Baring on the subject id Pt ison Discipline. The Committee refer the Douse to his evidence for the plan of 1 a village shop which he has adopted, with great benefit to this labourer. Sir James Graham, Baronet, has acted for the last eight years as a Magistrate for the county of Cumberland; until within the list eighteen months he has not observtd any increase ot crime; hut since the commeccement of diets:me among the hand-loom weaver. in Carlisle and its vicinity, crime has increased in th..t ra•ticular district. In the ciAnity Cat Cumbell.nd it is universally 'he custom to retuse any payment of wages out of the Pour Bares, the consequence is, that the rate it waves is higher in Cumbet laud ' than in almost any other agricultural county; a ploughman there receives at least 124. a week ; in many case. the cottsgers have rooms rent free, and in Can Case does a field labourer receive Isis than Ilid. a day, if he be a good workman. Mr. Sturges Bourne's Act has been carried almost utliversally into execution ; Select Vestries assemble regularly accottling to the provisions of that Act ; neither rent not wages are p.id out got the Patur Rates, except in special case. relief is refused ; and the poor rates, mitwithstanding the increase of manufacturing pueerty,'have diminished real in the manufac turing districts since IBID. " In the' plirThes with which I am mole particulatly connected, as in ing-the principal proprietor with. l in them, upon the first passing of .Mr. Sturges Bourne's Act, I availed myself, with the cimeurrencie if As' Vestry; of a provision contained in it fur raising money fine" the linhaisie of enlarging the' poor=house. At that time the plitistioi tiVfieradoli J. *Rode were is the habit of paying rents out of tie p'elOi.iatt i'llity became con. vlnceil . that this was an unwise and prodigatexpendloire, and though 'the oddity in enlarging the work.housr wit considerable, amount ing to somewhat more than 4001. at least of one half year's rate, yet when the work-house was finished, they were' enabled at once to refuse relief to all persons unwiling to go there, and the number of applicsrits diminished so notch, that in the course of two years the panid was reimbursed tor the whale outlay, and at the present too ment,'as I mentioned betore„ no rents are paid Out of the Poor Barna*, and =persons are relieved, except under very special cir cunina'nces, at their own house.. The habits of the agricultural labourers, are ninrsl, industrious, and economical- Thera still exists a great spirit of Independence, 'and the utmost want anddistress are Mien endured with patience, hi preference to an application to the Vestry. In Cumberland, how ever, both the fanners and, agricultural labourers are content with very mean and scanty Moil ; the sustenance of the labourer consist. almostentirely of milk. poiatoes, and iiionwal ; he very rattly e.ts meat. The Situation 'Attie armor is very little better Car more lux urious. Upon the whole, twitters' . the farmer .nor the agiicultur.l la bourer it in a worse condition than be was io year. ago. Sir James Graham is of opinicri"that the power given by Mr.Siurgeslkaurne's Act of enlarging workhriusts, and ot niak in.:. them capable of contain ing all persons to whom the parish is hound to give relteGand a steady as= rence to the principle ot never giving it out of the workhouses, coupled with such regulations of the workhouse itself, as are now consistent with the law of the land (the utility of which is exem pfified in the management of the workhouse at Liverpool), would supply the means of checking the natural improvidence of the labourer, and his diapiaiition to early marriage ; he would fear to make himself dependent on parish relief; he would look at the workhouse with dread, not as at present, almost with indifference; and by the increased exertions of the labouring classes thinisekei, by greater prudence on tbeir part, formed by a wiser administration of die existing law, I ant disposed to think that the Pour Bates m;Shr be trtlttred thrraelletit Pneland; at all rventif that theirs rapid inroads might be ted The S;dect Are.triee eirreisa its; power vested in them with sound di.cierion ; cliaratter is almost in variably an ingredient in their decisions. The most fertile •oures of crime Is the preservation of game, the 'hover orders hi eitninwto with the highest have a meth.' love of the sport, even atiniulated, perhaps, by the risks attendant on it, gratification ; the tameness or the pheasants. which were formerly alma-t unknown in this neigh bourhood, and which are now seen constantly in the fields close to the road. is a great temptation to the lower orders to take them.— " Persona going armed at night on a marauding excursion seldom confine their depredations to the taking of game, and many cases of petty thefts, such as robbing of hen-roosts and outhouse', have been brought before me, which I have been able clearly to trace to per sons going out at night with the intention of poaching. On the whole, I should think poaching the cause ; rather that the conse. quence of criminal habits." When an unemployed labourer applies to the palish for relief, he is usually sent to break stoney upon the turnpike-road, which work is paid by the square yard of stone broken ; he is fed and clothed at the expense of the parish, his earnings are carried to the account of the parish ; if he does not break the ge quantity of stones, the kteper of the workhouse brings the pauper before a Magistrate, who has it in his power to send him to the House of Correction. In a Gaol and I louse of Correction at Carlisle, the treadmill has been at work abuse eighteen moo tbs. Sir James Graham cannot perceive that the work appears very irksome to the pri. soars. The severity of the treadmill as Carlisle Is about the average. severity. The severity of this punishment very much depends, upon the height of the steps, and the firqueocy of the rotation of the wheel 'Meer varj in almost every gaol. " I have altvays been of opinion, that by legislative interposition the degree of labour ought to be regulated, and made the sante in every gaol and , house of correttion throughout England; because it does appear to me absurd, that a here the crime is the same, and the punishment Is intended also to be the ume, from the accidental circtimstance of the hard labour lh one gaol being more severe than in.annther, the punishment ordained as uniform !should vary to any.degree.7 Is the allowance increased fur the prisoners who are put upon the treadmill?—The only difference is that they are allowed beet, which 'is denied to other prisoners; and as I have mentioned the di.P.arity of punishment arising from the circumstanee of the tread mill in one gaol being more severe than in another., I perhaps may be,adowed to empress an opishon, that a difference in the diet, which ill one gaol is much more spare than in another, partakes of the same inconvenience I have allinied to withrespect to the difference' of bard labour, not contemplst. d by fbe law. Have you made any observation generally on the effect of prison discipline is the gaol of Carhde?-1 have, and the result of that observation, coupled with inquiries from persons who have had *teat repellence, such as .hr. Orridge, the gaoler at Bury, and his eon, who is the gaoler at Carlisle, led me to think that in very kw eases is a gaol ever a place of reform ; we have reason to know that the best conducted prisoners are those who are anzious to ob tain a mitigation of their se invoice, by their good conduct within the wall of the prison; and in many cases a ration of their sen tence has bet n remitted in consequence of such good conduct, and, within a very short period thole very individuals have comnsittradi fresh crimes of a deeper dye. So that you are of opinion that, generally speaking, the good etan., duct of prisoner; is nut to be attributed to any real reformation in their character ? Most decidedly. With respect to the leformai ion of offenders in prison, you stated that your views upon that subject were much less sanguine than they had been; do you attribute their non-reformation to their early character, or to their always associating in poison with crinti. tads 7-1 must a.ciihe the cause ut their nut being reformed to the deep taiit e.f their character before they are sent to prison; because in the gaol ut Carlisle, classification iscarried even further than the late Primo; Act directs; the prisoners are rarely left alone, they are corttantly cud. r the eye of the G./V..11111f and the watchmen, who attend them when on the treadmill; there they are not allowed even to speak to each other; a large portion of the twenty-four . hours is spent by each prisoner alone in his own cell, and the con tamination arising from intetcourse is almost entirely prevented; etm-equeutly. I can on!) , arrive at the conclusion, that the non. reforniation of prisoners is owing to a taiut of the character before they are sent to prison. • Do you thhik that prison discipline can ever effect much more than has been effected in the best regulated prisons in this country ? I 'lznik it impossible to carry wholesome discipline further than it is now carried to the best regulated gaol. iu England, with the exception, t oweeer, of the two suggestions I have made, relative to equalix ng the punishment o the it ead• mill, and assimilating the diet in every gaol throughout J.:sashimi. Your Committee earnestly hope that the !louse will early in the echoing Session direct the inquiries on this subject to betminmed. 'i lIE EVENING SPAR. LONfIUN. FRIDAY. AUGUST 17, UV. STurh RActiANGli, TWELVE acuiric. The panic which prevail, d lite yesterday afternoon in the Conso; market, caused by 'various report., for which there is nut a. y foun dation, has considerably abated this morning; and the mansluvre is now looked upon to be a ruse de parr*, for certain parties to get into Stock fur next Account. Consols opened this morning at 811 i, and at present may be quoted at siti I, and for October Account 89 : there is nut much doing at present. In the Foreign market little is doing. Current prices: Old Spanish 91 104. Mexican 671 68, Colom bian 31 4, Portuguese 754 1, Russian 974, &sallian 661 674. CITY. TWO O'CLOCK. Consols are again looking up, and may be quotrd at present at 861 for the Account, and the same fur Money—fur October 89 to a, with little business doing at present. PIC ICIT OF STOCKS AT FOUR O'CLOCK. Dank Stock 2164 India Stock 280 259 3 per Cent. lied. 89j i e Ditto Bonds 92 93 3 per Ct. C 061.0181 a a South Sea Stock 51 per Cent. 96 Old Annuities Zii per Cent. Ned. 96 953 j £lOOO Kscbeq. Bills 60 59 61 4 per Ct. New 101 i 1 ltht X5OO Ditto 60 59 61 4 per Cent. Scrip £lOO and k2OO Ditto so 59 61 4 per Cent. 15.16, lot 104 Commercial Long Alin. 30} 3.16 Consuls for Acct. U 3 1 3 . . FOiltEltlN FUNDS, TWO O'CLOCK. • l'razillan Dd..5 p Ct. 661 g Mee. Pond., 5 per Ct. ellitil.11111:111 HOU to, 6 p Ct. D0.13c15.11125,5 pet. 661 1 Ditto 11d5,1924, 31 Do. Acct. 65g 73 113 . 71 683 i Do. Account liuss.Dils,ln6t,sitC. 963 97 I kani 41 Ild% 3 p Ct. 631 Do. Acc. 9T Do Acct. Rig Spau. Bah 5 p Ct. t) IQ i Gr. Kiiii.ltheS, 5 pCt. 151 Da.. Acct. BRITISH AND FOREIGN SHARES, TWO O'CLOCK. MARL rani Anglo Moslem . ' • 100 85 30 Bolanos 400 175 280 Brazili to . 100 20 373 39 . . General 'Alining Alm. lOO 5 9 113 ' • Potosi La Pas & Perim. Assn. 15 S ..C2 Ditto Consolidated 10 Al 13e £3 U cited NleLicae - 40 30 19 g United General Gas 5O 40 1 5 . i The KING !ield a Pi ivy Council this day at Windsor. Lotd GODERICII left town this morning to be present at the meeting, as did Mr. HUMES, on wh;ch occasion the latter, we have strong reasons to believe, was sworn in a Member of the Council upon his acceptance of the Seals of Office as Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Journal de St Petersiourg, which reached us this morning to the 31xt ult. contains the copy of an Ukase, addressed by the Essraiou to the Directing Senate, in which a full and entire discharge from the Russian strvice is granted to Count Curt) D'lsram. This document is drawn up in terms the most flattering, as it contains a testimony of the Extreuett's •• entire gratitude for the enlightened seal," with which this di►tinguished Stat. Man, who is new going to exhibit hislreartalents on a very different theatre, discharged his duties in the cAfferent employments, confide' to him by the Empetur ALZIANDLit. 31. try oth etpressions etralls h nenrable, -re used ; and we Jail upon this sul-jeei the more readily on &recount of the ir. fluence it may have in fitting the future destinies of 'Gre.ce. whose glories, even the thraldom of twenty centuries cannot obliterate. Notwithstanding the va.; space o' time which separates the present age from the period when th at glory blazed forth in its greatest splitk. dour, it is still as fresh in the mind of the scholar and the patriot as of the bright-flame Was only put out yts. terday. It is impossible; therefore. not to feel an interne' interest in her late r reduced as she is now from wh at. she was then—the mouldering skeleton, if we may uts the term, of her former sell inn as she owed het former greatness to liberty, the same vivifying pine. pre may revive it again. Tnis hope is not so romant.e, as •ome may imagine : the influence of climre is still much the same; and the language, the incomparable language of ti•e ancient Greeks, has been handed down to their remote descendants, with less corrutoiun in the transmission than is commonly supposed. In the mean time, we hail the complimentary rummer, in which Count CAPO icasanta has been discharged from the ltussi.n S.rvice, as a good omen at his entrance upon his new duties; and if any .usans.can save Greece, and rescue her from the awned of the enemy, and from • a more fell engine of destruction, her owe in ernal feuds—he is that man. It is unnecessary, we presume, to inform any of our readers, that the Count is by birth a Greek, of that he hat been recently appointed, by an uranim us vote of the Greek Legislature, President of the Government. He is a Greek, too, in his affections and aspirations; and with his great talents, administra•ive knowledge, high reputation, and from his long habit of directing great affairs, he cannot fail to have an immediate and powerful influence on the affairs of his country. May Heaven crown his efforts, and send him a quick passage from our shore , , on which he has lately landed, to bis own, that Ire m y enter as soon as posti'sle upon the glorious task he has undertaken ! The Journal de I. Pelersbourg also contain: news from the army in Georgia; but it announces no nee advantage over the Persians, nor indeed any occurrence of the slightest importance. Colonel Scuspeorr, whs had been detached to cut off the retreat of Hsssss KHAN, failed in the attempt, the guar/ haviog, by a rapid night march across the mountains, reached the for tress of Strdar Abad.. However, the Russian Col tell in on the 24th of June with an inconsiderable boJy of the enemy, but it also effected, apparently without any loss, its escape to the abovementiooed fortress. . any •'ccurrente airepuorr,shs 4t of Iltss44 e having, by a is, reached the e Russian Col nsiderableboJr arently without .d fortress. 30. 'rived here ye:. She sailed from ssequen ly bees ad two days u in passengers. gemeine Zeilatis to from Odes', observatixe nay be atEete. seen Eaglets:, a copy of the Ore that dare, auced a strong It was the hat tte Pm* I resist the nasal ay, as it did the It is admittee, ery different to tConstantinoplu sis arduous be. :mainly a bitter a as it may bete :eases, and do. on, still, %starlit it *ill probably :e slighter evil. lis letter of OW I of compulsios iCh as we hoe stated, that oo nd that the 4e sich arrived leo d. this treor&ng:' rat had enterti be idmissioa W next hear of a an for a free a ad, indeed, al r under existifl rent in the Spa• lishops,whoha i eet the expense togal, and • ' :ey became do' :e, which too ivenience in t yman, who h imaar privi •inces of S ands of colt na, sth Aug@ Paid a visit ut three leag , w days before roue, had 04 sf Vich. £ Darcelo4 rryips he Co ST. PETERSBURG H, JULY 30. Tie George the Fourth steam-boat arrived here ye;. today, at seven o'clock in the evening. She sailed from London on the 20th July, and has ccinsequen ly bees nine days on the voyage, having stoppoJ two days at Copenhagen and Christianvand to take in passengem We also received this scorning the Alsemeine Zeihitg ID the 10th inst. It contains in a 'etter from (Persil, dated the 26th ult. some •ery sensible observatixr on the affairs of ae Turks. as they may be affae. by the Convention, concluded between Engbac, France, and Russia. ' It appears that a copy of the Convention had reached. Odessa before that where, as might be expected, it produced a strong sensation, but unmixed with anxiety. It was the general opinion, however, there, that tte Pme would not give way ; and that it would resist the naval demonstrations, in the same decided way, as it did t h e diplottiatic notes of the three Powers. It is admittee, at the same time, that an opinion, very different to this, prevailed in the diplomatic circles at:: where it was confidently hoped, that this arduous ba• siness would be settled amicably. It is certainly *bitter pill for the Porte to swallow; bat, painful as it its pride, particularly after its recent successes, sive to the prejudices of the Turkish nation, st sees there is only this alternative, or war, it W choose the former, as incomparably the sli We are glad to see a confirmation io this let. former intelligence, that no other means of coo o ill be employed by the Allies, but snail at all along mentioned. It is distinctly stated, operations by land ate to take place, and th; mobstrations ate to be strictly naval. &tracts from the Paris Papers, which . night, willbe found tinder the usual head. Private letters from Madrid received this morn:' the 4th inst. state that the Spanish Cabinet had into nagociatious with the Porte, for the flag into the Black •Sev. We'shall next hear of negociSting with the Man of the Moon for a tetcourse with his Lunar dominions; and, indeed, ~one would be • as reasonable as the other . circumstances. Amongst thews dire, current in iiithc4ital,was that the Archbishop and Bishops, issued bills to a very large amount, to meet the of the holy and apostolical war in Portugal, and were not able to take them up when they became were to receive a Royal letter of licence, which I amble them to consult their owe convenience in paymeht. It was also reported th st a layman, wt also became intolvent, was to receive a similar pt In the mean time, the northern provinces of continued to be infested by armed bands of %Sew iptions. They write from Barcelona, sth that a band of 5 or 600 armed men paid a ri , it the village of Grant lles, which is about three' distant from tl;e former place, a few days Ind that another bans', still more numerous, had .1s appeararce in the neighbourhood of Vich. unven.ents had it.duced the Governor t f Bar( utit ;'.cut ssi.h all tl.c ttolts he :u, et.