Star. — London, England, 1829-04-14 00:00:00

_ s• , pladon? It szz4 1 1 1 *.ezigillice 9fAbifelawethat made ma i i t * w pm,* statistahlaoirence as no mend crime, sa d i ch j e eed them comrade anciviolate those laws with. out any sense of spinal delinquency. He could never coo . wi l t to replace tholitsys m OuiStatute-book,for by doing ' - so he shMild'glie the silk manufacture of France the chr facts+ of being superior to that -of this country—a cha. racier which he felt sure it did not deserve. These were id the outset the grounds upon which he felt called epos so resist thernsotion of the Hon. Member for Dover, as he Pelt bound to believe that his object in making it • ryas such as he (My. V. Fitzgerald) had described it.— TI distress which existed in the Silk Trade in INS. was stated to have arisen from overtrading. which wei, in itself, described as an all:rfficient cause by • which it account fur it. lie " would shortly. state what he conceived to be the cause of that distress; be would then illustrate his observation by a comparison ( . the state of trade during five years beftme. and five years subsequently to the regulations of which the 5.1 k *Trade now so unjustly complained ; he would then state tothe House,the . objects and measures which his Ma jeity's GOveinment had in view. In doing this it would be neceseary (or hits to trace the history of the Silk trade both in Fiance . and in this country, and to point the re.action which. was.produced by the course so long pursued by us with respect, to it. That distress was in a great degree attributable . to the quantity of the .raw material imported, and to the number of new mills erected during' and since 1823. -The Honourable Member who introduced the subject • bad, in touching on this 'abject. fallen into same con lesion; with respect to dews, which he was quite sure was unintentional on his part. • When one side of au argument was to be suppotted, the year of the greatest Importation was qtoted; bat when the converse of the ~plOpz.sitiMs.rita to be maintained , the year of the least imported°a was selected. He most state, that the exiit• lag measures with respect to the Silk Trade were first introduced by his Right Honourable Friend (Mr. Has.. ltheoo.4l: i8114.,4 1 4 the impolie of overtradieg wee alien in 'that year—and that, too, by pasties who ought to be the last to do it, as they were crying out that the measures in contemplation .would loin them. 'Noir he would make a comparison in the state, of the Trade,, within five years before and after the esta. . blishment of these measures. 'ls tee Ave years Cher 1514, the imppip Odic raw material were • . . 15,5114.032 la the lee years before that period the amount was' 10,9211.6441 Making &Afferent, of : . 7,08,146 Me. Be did not pretend that the !wean of the manufacture was hi proportion to the increase of the raw material ; for be was aware Vilt as decrease in the duty, as well as the change In the fashie l / 2 1 Owed of the manufacture of. far .coaxer and a heavier aritsites but if the *ruse of manufacture were only to be taken at one fourth of the isoportatioo of the raw material, that would give an Mame by one half of the silk manufacture of the cenotrY. 1819, the leiguir radon of the raw materiel was 1,480,000 lbs. TaFolng • • . 501,586 Whim a total of . . 1,7111.08 lbs. Reif m ,q,aterialo tike 40 1Per4.11 , Thrown 1.508,4141 lbs. . 309,955 lbs: Making a Wald Ira tsit tiwiliparaAwa‘r.b. Raw Material . .Pg.°P• . 9,011141° lbs. 1.040.000 . S • Tar Total ft ta t imrrtP 310:01i1 • s,2skooo am.:l •,047.000 :-.-1170,000 lbs.' 'lO4 ibe• • %MOM 110. • . 11441l14.11*: r t ww Ta l ir 3 t a ,cl Pri t tlglP' • • • • PAM", ; Top the r iftvrippippr. Itair . • ft • 1 1 .4 11 4 1 R1 as: • 5,64.400 . 41140011.1116. . • , 1 • . • • 0.1 • ' 4 1 1l • • • • 1.1.4000 Ih& •I Pe Cre4 l.• o fit ( . 11 1. iwkole importation d ans. i h e I g i Slif WM — • Thrown . . • - tar • • L int, the Imports Vivett Saw p Irirown • . 5,030,000 530. . 06,000 1b0.! ..3,510,000 Ibl., . 3,061.000 510 • 4400,005 151. • • • Total • . • ' • it,1144,006 It was hardly neeweary for his to mind the House of the dik. nlnnstaapeo which took plaaels.that year, or the spirit of which was followed by the orally ppwral pada and alarl i t t = 4iiiceided it In ISFT, Ow inverts were—. Iltavr material • • • Thrown . . . : 11,7511.060 lbs. . 434,000 lbs. Total . . . 4,100011 la lass,whoe p spAad gm el ttlettas *Ned save the clew thoseeee el lesiva% 1114 the existence it the proem quay the topociatieee Vlgferi. * Row_ seseteid . . :I*Tw a • S . • • • . 4.162410 Ibs. seS4CMO Ib Total . , . 4,547,550 lbs. Now if he were to rest his-cue upon this statement alone, he trusteJ it contained sufficient to induce the •Holue to negative the Motion of the Honourabje Member for Dover. Bat be would go further and say. that on Other grounds he might answer them. There were other causeaol. the evils which formed the sob. - jest of complaint. He meant the extension of mean ifactories, the evils of which fell spun particular tricts,aod on none,so extensively as Pan thisrmetropolis. Trevituii to the year 1824, manufactories began to es iend.theinselves, not under cireamstaoces showing any wholesome state of tradenot under circumstances of as enviable nature; bet from the operation of cusses, which, the Hon. Gentleman .himself must admit, did not justify the increase. The extension of the stnann intones :begai under the nperatien.Of impolitic laws; thmelayr . s bad hems repeel4d; area in their, repeal they UndadVocatesfor.therr continuance and (*tension; but it .yrail remarkable that amongst the petitioners who had' sent petitions to theHouse.and the persons who had made. speeches in their favour. and arm:ipso those who had addreesettrepresentations to the Board over .which he' bad the,hosour to preside. he Could answer that since the repeal of those laws,. there was not.one found to give them on expcestiou of regret. The laws to which be 4luded 'were those that fixed a wails= . 14 wages, and d d net leave the remuneration of &shout .to be determined by the demand for it. With re.pect 'to otreimportant branch of theSpitalfielda manufacture —bp meant the figured and fancy goods, which were more than any others subject to the calls of fashion and she caprice of change—lre believed the manufacturers 'there bad suffered considerably; bet it was to be rw leiritifethat the'eatent to which they had suffered was . 1 .,*Y 9 0 . -Ilifi ( * if ether places; and that these visitatiots. 1911.4 in them under the ioffeence of protecting laws, and law sbem the authors of those impolitic laws were alone tob!tm!. He had a mernoraUiluin connected with the IP4l*. cod upon the contents of that he thought be naght ask the. Hon.Georleasarr, whether the inhabitants' ;Itf Coventry were now of opiiiinn. that they bad suffered tbe extent be spoke of from foreign competition? In tic In4a3facture r f ribbons, competitien had created an leipluientea to an catgut that u as nuw the boast 01 th L ... .. Ages, mama &lift of whom bed said bins that; phople ',odd keri g i .kwow. they were manwfactuved by dee same bands, or it the same place. He knew that tbe• machinery' had else bees changed, and improved: but this was the result' with regard to the ribbons. The Hon Geodeman had , Stated that there was a large. number of persons out of employment. He believed the statement•was• some what coloured.; butudniuing k to be true to its full extent, be.would dhow /bat the number of persons em. ployed had more than propottionably Increased. Since I8!4, the number of looms.had increased by•thevees• her of 1000. 1n18634,tbe aumber. of silk amoufeeturera in Coventry amounted ea 100 1 in the course of last year, there were- between 300. ad 400. In Man chester the distress.was also very great in•tbis branch alone, but it proceeded. born the sun...4mm at the • others, and was not attributable to the bassist iDge•OCII supposed to have been exercised by the .cliesses of his Right Honourable Friend. • In .1823 these were not twenty silk manufacturers; at present• there MOM k above sixty. At. that ,time there were only shoat five thousand looms within tea mike roaadldattehes- ter; but in. the present year that number was nearly double. In the year 1823 there was scarcely a single ' I loom in Leeds, near -Manchester, bat at present thaw u ere one thousand. There were, besides, immense looms erected, and he need.nottell the Hoo.Gen= that the first influence of thou power hours was to throw ' a great portion of the labouring population out of em ployment. He bad hada litter consasunieatedaabins, which had been written by a Uentlesnan °Crest Irr• speetability and authority in Manchester, in which it was said, "?be silk.taanafasture in Manchester and its neighbourhood is tenfold what it was in 1118 s. but the greatest increase has been hoar Alpcil 1828, to-Decent ber 1825: The House would see that was when that almost infinite extension of -the tande.took piece.. The leaer w ent on—o , MAssbester snake silk and cotton goods, which are exported freely to North. ands South America, but the present depression ban bee* caused by over-production and excess of capital."...., In Ma e.clesfie:d the. same dismiss (which he . deeply regrettedexisted, and was produced by the sama causes. In that town, in 1823, there were 3,000 looms; in October, 1028, share were 6,000; and ins Faunal, 1829. there were 4,000. There was anothed part of the country to which the Honourable blembwi for Coventry. had teferted-..he meant the towns in Scoti land where silk manufactures had Wallah° establisbellt In those the trade had been greatly extended, and titer furnished anotheir proof of what hebed before said. Is Glasgow there were 3,000 looms in the year 1623, tints since that period the silk gams: trade had increased to a. considerable degree; audio Feb. 1829, they amounted to 7,000. In 1823 there were four silk manufacturers, at present there sere ales and of 'ilk and canton mann/sc.: tures there were 10. Ini'aisleythere were 11 silk asannfas-1 suers in 1823, and there were 30 silk manufacturers at this time ; and where, in 1823, one bale of raw silk was used, twenty were now employed. He thought he need. not fatigue the House with more - calculations on the subject. He would now advert to the. state of di - tbrowsters, who bad never contended that prolsilitioas were necessary for their protection, but abases,, if the representations made were to be credited, required those, prohibitions which they had never before deemed owes.; airy; and they required prohibitions to a, degree that, if given, would ruin the marsufaeturer himself. The shrowsters and those who were interestedissisat branch of the trade complained of the. redstaiow.of the , duty from 7s. 6d. to ss. a reduction made by a' Treasury Or. der; and the Hon. Gentleman bad spoken of this in a asepses to him (314 Vifitagerald) unintelligible, as if it' Ned at one fell swoop deprived she trade of osie.third of their vested property. A certain quantity of. foreign thrown silk. superior to what could he obtaitted from the English throwster, was indispensable tothemsaufacture of pods in the higher branches of the trade. The profits had been considerable at one time, but. that was before the business bad been so much exteaded as it had been! of late years-mn emission that had diminished the amount of profit to the, master, and, by creating a very large addition to the working hands,had also diminished the valise ofiabour. Those who contended against the measures that were proposed to be introduced three years ago, said that France would undersell us; and they, therm fore, asked for two years to prepare by drawing in their advances on speculation, and by other means, and their request was granted, so that it was not till 1826 that raw silk was to be admitted at a low duty. It was Curious enough that those per sons, *ho asked for this delay of two years, were the first who were guilty of an extension of the very means against which they had said they wished to prepare by limiting their specula tions. He bad shown that the quantity imported was one million and a half mere than in the preceding year, calculating from April 1824 to Dec.lB2B, and he would show bow this happened. These persons in 1825 addressed Parliament, and said they could not compete with the French manufacturer, because of the quantities of silk with which they would be inundated from France at a low duty, by which an immediate glut would take place, and tb.y prevailed on Parliament to adopt a measure which, in - the result, defeated the legal importation by prescribing that now. but a certain length should -be admitted loos the ports of this -country. They were aware that the goods, prepared in France were not of the prescribettgth, and that they could cot be imported. .But .w i e these measures were under consideration, the . ..Preach manufacturer became aware of what was • caking place, 'and success. fully prepared another and a large quantity Of goods of the prescribed measure. In the mean tinsetbe goods first prepared bad been sold at a low ratevand were smuggled into this couotry, sa that in the smolt 'themsanehsetwer had tontrieed to•enesse two foreign stocks, with-which .they were completely overmattbeiL He put it to the House, whether there could be any ' measure that could gperate more decidedly strata the interest of those persons who bad authorised suicidal a secomeneedetion ? 1n1824, the throwsterd increased facie astablishments,wfoer having represented , to the Governmeot thedilficultrof obtaining thrown silt from abroad, in consequence of which the Navigation Acts were relaxed, and the ditty wocreduced from seven shillings and sixpence to five 'billings. a was idle and aboard to think:ol6am able to as port/English thrown 4iik, wakes by the greater cheapness of our wort we mould exclude foreign thrown silt Sven our market; yet such had been the expectation of the English throw mgrs. He would our suite same facts as to the number of throwing edits sad spindles since 1682. He should mete that statesmen front reports wade to him flee or cis weeks ago, 'which had been since confirmed at a Miring of a Deputation of the Silk Trade with the Members of theßoard et Trade. tie would take a number of considerable tow's, which he asm red the House he bad taken, not for the purpose of producing an effect, but be cause they were loge towns. They were 18 in number t Saedbach, Congleton, Macclesfield. 31 iachester Glas gow, Paisley. Leith, Newcastle, Middlewich, New ton. Middleton, from.. Bruton. Taunton, Sc. Al ' ban's, Watford, and Cnggleshall. In these towns, pre. violas to the year 1824, there were but 780,000 spindles ii ~, ~ ;i!1I Re the year 1329 them liilleetbleimetownfl,ll3o,ooo,, Made: an incentillifi4olllllllo. He admitted that, pro. ,lour to the yderlo2ll, all the "ladles were employed, :end he believed the Profit* were eery grew, while is this year many were °Misplayed; hot even if 300.000 'were in thatstate, it Would show no ditoinution in the real extent of employment, but pfitethetontrary. The itmuber of. mills at that time was 175, Ur present it was 266. Was it necessary tread& miste' to %stove whit be hadalmady said, that the-evils now felt by the silt an . anuFacturers arose from overtiading? It might 'be Mild by some persons, end he believed it had ken 'said, that the competition et the throwster Was an a& tantage . to the manufacturer. They would find that that competition bad produced an Opposite effect ; for it bad sent the throwster into the minim for raw sick, as a rival (or the manufacturer; notes his dependent. Thep had been told, but be did not think it would be found to be true,• that the interesti of the manufacturer and' throwstm were inseparable; iThe course the House -might follow would be• short and simple, because, •to preserve the home market and to obtain a foreign mar ket, it was necessary only to give the manufacturer the raw material on the same terms and of the . mme quality with the manufactuter of France, and he (bIE. V. F.) believed they would have no competition to fear. He knew none wise dreaded, whether as it regarded capi tol, machinery, or successful execution of work andel...! taken; and that spirit of improvement, which the my. competition 0f1824 had first created, was a proof of what he said. —He knew the importance to the silk manufacturer of being able to select his silks ; but he knew not if that was 'not an advantage for which the manufactuter might be required to pay too dearly. Ha would net attempt to separate the interests of 'the' manefactuters and: throwsters ; for theettlettion of one would not be confined to him alone, but MOM estud to the other. In all publications which treat of the fines; class el goods, the finer thrown silk was treated as indis pensable. Au atgenseut of strong seasoning deduction 'was to be derived frosirthe 'relative quantities imported. Taking the duty ht ss. end the expense of throwing in mad. importing from-Italy at 35.1 d. they amounted together to more thanis. H. assumedthet the Eaglish throwster could not produce it ; and be and those who contended for further protection contended that the introduction of Piedmont silk was- necessary for the finer fabrics, and that it would displace a certain portico(' of the silk he now throws. If be believed the argument of the Hoe.. Member for Coventry, or /ether of those who furnished him with his arguments, the vesuk would bets displace that portion of French manufactoredsoods introduced' into this country, to the prejudice df the'English Meth factnrer. instead of displacing the foreign thrown silk, it would displace the foreign wrought manufacture. First, it was obvious that if a Urger portion were not brought in, the Eaglish tbrowster would not be injured. He would find in the larger quantity he .throws a compensation to restore the trade— to remove the prevailing apprehensions. The Ho nourable Membeetoafessed that on this subject the difficulty was the greatest that presented itself; but bet was prepared to recommend a reduction of duty en foreign thrown silk. ' He was aware he should be toM that to effect his own principle. his proposition did net' go far @sough ; but if be could deal with this sobjfim l as if -it were new, and without regard to existies interests, be should not recommend a gradual advance tothe principle, but proceed to it at once; as it was, be must submit to be taunted by the Honourable Gentleman opposite (Mr. Heme) s that be did not go far, *sough. lif be pliaodguilty.t. this charge, however, he ought to be treed from the accusation of th e Hon., Memberfor C oventry t and surely it was not unless pones& to make as advance towards a great principle,. and to go as fat towards it as circumstances would al low. Is so doing he begged to be understood that mei.• thae he, nor those who acted with him in Parliament,- were pledged to any future wets& Let it nor be slid hereafter that. on the faith of duties yet remaining. ore speculations bad been entered• into. Fosse individuals bad gone the length of telling him that they bad a right so the protecting duty of seven shillings and sixpence;', but it most not be 'permitted that Parliament slaseldl be deemed pledged' to anything, but to listettfik mane which, under eircamstances,might appeal bast calculated to prommethegeneral advantage ef the! trade. The throwster was under a mistake if he thought the duties would affect him in the way anticipated... 1 7 Some persons were of opinion that be could go on viith.' out any protection; others. said"that two shillingi' would be sulkiest; but if it were hereafter found that the home manufacture was injured, it would be netes- I nary to go further, not for the sake of the strantrfetterer as agaiost the tbrowster, but for the asked both. - He would state why the Ihrowster was mistakes is cow tending that the measure of his price of throwing ought to be the measure of the protecting duty.— He forgot the important filet. that, in addition to the Su duty, there was the whole expense of • the Italian thiamin ; so that the protection, in point of fact, was 81. ld. He took the expense , of throwing in Italy at 21. 9d.; some. asserted that it was only 2-. 6d. and others that it was 35.; but he adopted the medium, although some throwsters asked a protection of 6d. He did not think he need enter into much argument to show why be did not confirm such a rash and extra vagant expectation. At such a rate the throwiters slight go orr presperously enough, but the snanufattu ren could not survive. The manufacturers and the throwstetscombined in advocating a protection of 95.6 d. only son the supposition that Government adhered to the prissiple of prohibition. He was authorised by the calculations of a gentlemen of considerable mercantile infotantion.a stern ("poem of the principles of flee trade—to state, that Italian thrown silk arrived in this toy charged with an-expense of is. Id: in addition to thuds, of 5.. With regard to tram, be bad been informed by another.gentlensaa, that be had lately pus. chased a queotitrof rawsilk in Loedoo, half was throws! into tramin Italy, and half in England; and the Italian afilli cost him is. 10d. more than the English tramp.. Oa the grounds stated, therefore, be should propose le reduce the duty upon thrown silk from ss. to 3s. 6d. at 'from Ss. to 2s. and the duty on singles would be: lowered to 11.8 d. The whole question resolved itself into one short statement-- - that, under existing circum stances, Goviimunent was bound to protect the home. manolactorer and the home market, by as high a pr0.. 1 Wain deity as could be allowed; but the amount of that duty must be Aimited by a regard to the temptation held out to the smuggler. It was not The I.gal, but the contraband- importation, that the Ws" had to feat; and the protection to the throw. seer NUM not be so greet as to risk the mom illicit importmionsand thus to bring the costrallend ae. tide into the home market. He had thus, stated the principle on which protectioo could be extended to the tbrowster and t.) the British manufacturer . ; .het 'had not yet toothed the subject of drawback'. He was about to propose the admission of the prig. ciple of a drawback on home maeufectured silk, in &Mount equal to the duty on the foreign thrown silk• employed in it. It was quite obvious, that if the home manufacture were protected be a duty levied S On - foreign' mitt.—if It were desirable tii lave and to escaping. an - eiport - trade, it was necessary to do more. Here he must be permitted to remark, that those who bad introduced former : measures upon the thine principle bad been taunted with holding out the espectation of a great ex ion trade. It could ant be fait ly imputed to them that they had expressed confidence in such a result. It is the principle (said the Right Honourable Gentleman) of export trade to discharge the goods of Widely, and it was not difficult to prove that the duties on foreign thrown silk are of ibis nature—on exportation they become transit du ties. No man will pretend that an export trade cats exist on transit denies, and no man could expect to hey transit duties on such an article. I am aware that I ' 'shall be met by an objection as to the identity of the salk exported. When the proposition was first made to ialciw is drawback, i felt that difficulty so strongly that 1 at once negatived the recommendation; and until Peery late period ['continued of the same opinioo. But I think, under ,present circumstances, the House will deem it immaterial if there be a substitution; say, that substitution may possibly be advantageous. If by the allowance of drawback we possess r urselves of any 'market which calls not sot the finer order of fabrics,or of that which employs the finer thrown silk imported, it is obvious that thatportion of the finer silk imported Will be applied to' some article of manufacture to be comumed at home, to the ekclusion of foreign fabric.. Parliament has already. on ,more than one occasion, acted upon the ptinciple of allowing drawbacks on articles exported, without reference to their identity. It will be recollected that t'.e sugar refiners were per• mitted to take foreign sugar into their works for the purpose of refining , it for exportation; but they were not required to export the identical sugar, but an equal quantity. In another Act, now expired, wheat was allowed to be taken out of bond and ground for ex portation; quantity, without reference to identity, these satisfied the law. It may be said, that we are under this difficulty—that persons might avail theitt se.ves of 'these drawback , , as they have done of others, Tor the purpose of fraud, by Obtaining w draw• back exceeding the amount of the duty paid; but I propose to reserve the right of receiving the drawback to the person who has paid the duty, so that the Tian. tity exported may be en itten off the quantity imported; the drawback will thus be paid to tne importer when he beams, an exporter—or, in some cases, to his nomi nee. I only margin the Honourable Gentlemao—wboae dissent I anticipate to this proposition from the meaner in which he receives it—to consider the . particular .cir cumstances under which the proposition is made, and to allow it at least a. fair consideratioo. The amount of the drawback will be the amount of the duty on the foreign silk consumed in the manufacture of the article. It is obvious that if, with the aid of foreign thrown silk free from duty, we can raise up an export trade, which we could not do with English thrown silk alone, foreign material will be brought into the country in the nice*. sary quantity. Oa the other band, if English throwsters continue to improve until they can throw cheap enough for exportation—exportation will increase, and the amount of drawbacks paid will increase also. I was quite aware that I must not be surprised if. when I made this proposition, it should startle some Honourable Gentlemen who take a different view of the question —bat they must bear in mind the peculiar circum stances of the.country. This is a manufacture which, in the home market, you are obliged to protect; and if you would have an cleat trade at all, you cannot hope to obtain it in any other way than by concurring with this proposition. The arguments I have stated will, I think, take it oat of the class of those propositions which some Hors. Members characterise as the visions of Political Economists. I come now to a not 104 its portant branch of the subject, which embraces most of ' the considerations urged by the Honourable Mover. I consider it more importing thin any thing el e I have offered. I allude to that which regulates the competi tion in the home matket between the foreign and do iiestic manufacturer. To that regulation of the duty I diode's I look`at the best, as the only means of putting down contraband trade in this country. We are told by the fietiouraide Member for Coventry and others, that the danger to the English manufacturer and to.the 1 interests of all parties. concerned arises out of the great quantity of ameggled goods imported. The Hos.oor able Moira refused to the pmout of legal importatitels, as they appear from the Custom-house returns, and he truly sepiesents that have increased this year to six hundred thousand pound:. He toldns likewise that he thousbt the' amount of smuggled silk three times as great; so.that the whole quantity imported, legally and illegally, was abOut two millions. I was prepared to contend that the common opinion as to the amount of smuggled silks *as far beyond the reality 1 knit the *tenement of the Honourable Member on this point is so extravagant, that what appeared to me before eiegger• atlas now actually assumes the appearance of truth. Mr. FYLEIt—The Risk Hasoreable Goodman le mistakes s I said that the smuggled goods were to twice she meat et die geode legally imported. . Mr.VESEY FlTZGERALD—Notwithstanding the observation of the Hon. Member, he was prepared to say, and to prove if it weie necessary, that great tsar geration prevailed on this subject. He bad paid retry attention to all that was said and written on the matter; be carefully weighed every suggestion which had been thrown out for the prevention of smuggling ; and be was satisfied that as to stamping (weirs goods, it toeld be no security whatever to the English manufacturer; for example, the stamp might be f or ged , aod although, the Commission of such an offence in England might e subject the guilty party to a considerable degree of 'mistimes% it did not happen to be the same in foreign collective. The stamp might be affixed at Calais,Harrre, or Eheppes and how were the guilty parties to be come at ?, .It was very well known that the manufacture of silk. was greatly dependent upon caprice and fashion i and that being the case;the stamp would give au opportuoity of pre-emption to the foreign article. Who, then, would be the first to complain of it? why, no doubt, the trade itself. Such was the case iethe lace manufacture of Buckinghamshire; and there the manufacturers applied for the repeal of the stamp duty, because they mild not sell their produce for French, The extent of prolec don was certainly to be tonsured by the difference is the price of labour in different countries, besides taking into calculation all . other reasonable disadrfoilagas at" tending any given article. At one time the protection to this trade in Epgland wis l$ per cent..-at anethafs pp the proposition of his Right Honourable Frieod (Mrs Residues) it was raised to $0 per cent. ed wilierelle. but the trade suggested th at 0 rated ditty should APO be taken Into coundet ation. and without *IAA tbe.dity would reach nearer 42 than $0 per cant.. This al" forded, however, no fair play, and &rote naturally /IN suited an increase in the contraband trade, which . by a fair scale of protecting duty it wakthegmeral object to pat down. He r , to return. ib. .agh am alto glherp to th e, pr ' le, laid :loarn, by his Right Hon. Opsed &send (Mr. Ho* 'soon). 'lt was said that the real es. pease of smuggling was from ten to fifteen pet gem i boy from the best information be was enabled s. rs 1. es % I