Star. — London, England, 1812-10-17 00:00:00

. Just t.,.blisheci, in Two Vole. Octavo price 181. in boards, &lONS t,n PUBLIC OCCASIONS, with Hisi ORICAL, CRITICAL, and POLITICAL NOTES; and a 9 APPENDIX, containing Articles on the following subjects. By R. VALPY, D.D. F.A.S. i. The Law of the TweEvEToscEs respecting Debtors. 11. The Causes which must prevent the establishment 9f V. Rtruat.ic in FRANCE. 111 The C•THOLIC.QUESTION. IV. l he Practlte of Laza.% c Parr Vindicated. V. Rivalry of FRANCE.. VI. 'I he PROPHECIES relating to the FALL of Roast. VII. The Disposition of the Fair4cu GOVERNMENT to PEACE. VIII. Deeds without a Name. IX DEFENCE Of the CDUNTRT. -X. Insensibility in suspended Animation. XI. L.terests of the CHURCH hi ENGLAND. Sold by Longman, Hurst, and Co. Yocum other Booksellers, Where also may be had, An ADDRESS from a CLEIcGTMAN to his PARISHIO NERS. By the same. Third Edit. Price 32. 6d. Fine Paper, ss. and all - -- - Just published, in 4to. with 20 Plates, price £2. Bs. HINTS on the FORMATION of GARDENS and PLEASURE GROUNDS, with Designs in various Styles of RURAL EMBELLISHMENT ; comprising nearly 300 I tans for Laying-out Flower, Fruit, and Kitchen Gardens, the Arran ernent of Conservatories, Hot-houses, Stoves, Ste.: interspei sed with Remarks on various subjects of Horticultural I mprovt ment. and. Catalogues of Fruit and Fortat-trees, Shrubs and Plants( adapted to Villa Grounds, trom 1 Perch to 100 Acres ia extent. 40 ,* A few Fine Copies may be had, coloured, price 23. I Ss. 6d. London: Printed for J. Hardiag, 36, Sr. James's-street. HAZARD, BURNS, And Cti: — Stock Brokers, re specttuTlOnform the Public, that Tickets and Shares for the ensuing LOTTERY, are now on Sale at char Office, No. 93, ROYAL EICHANGE,I.OII&II. i hi. consists of only 10,000 Tickets, the Capital Prizes are greater in Value than in the last, and the. Drawing will take place an TUESDAY, the :10th of this Month. Price of a Ticket £2l 15 0 Half :f11 6 0 I Eighth ... 2E2 18 6 Quarter.............. 515 0 Sixteenth 1 9 6 ••• Letters, pa , paid, duly answered, and Orders front the Couitry, accompanied with Remittance, punctually attended to. AMERICA. PUBLIC FEELING. ESSEX COUNTY CONVENTION, AT IPSWICH. PRE , ENT 61 DELEGATES FROM THE DIFFERENT TOWNS. The Delegates made choice of the Hon. TIMOTHY PICKERING, Esq. as President, and LONSON NASH. Esq. as Secretary of the Convention. A prayer well adapted to the occasion and to the calamitous state of the country, was then addressed to the SU PREME RULER of the World, by the Rev. Doctor Dana. - A general view was taken of the important business for consideration, of which the Convention had been pri p -lied, and a Committee.was chosen to, prepare and report a draught of Resolutions, or a declaration expressive of the sentiments which the measures of our national Government, and especially their Declaration of War, appeared to have excited in the minds of the people of this country, and then the Convention adjourned to the afteriioou. - The Convention then made choice of 20 Delegates to rep?escrt this County in a Convention of Dele gates trum the several counties in this Commonwealth to be convened at Boston : At the adjourned Meeting the Committee made a Report, which having been read, considered, discus led, and .amended, was unanimously agreed to, and - adopted as the act of this Convention, as hereto sub joined, j and'ordered to be published. DECI .ARATION Of the County of Es,sex, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, by its Delcgates, assembled in Convention at Ipswich, on Tuesday, the Slot Of July, 11112 : • " Our country srieeously oppressed by prithibi tions of trade, under' the name of Embargo, aid by other ruinous commercial restrictions, which for many years save-been wantonly imposed by the Govern spent of the United States ; and its measures of ini ' quire being now filled up by a Declaration of against Great Britain; a war impolitic, unnecessary, and unjust; and by which all our former sufferings well be aggravate(' ; while. oar liberty and indepen . deuce are put in jerpardy by the consequent connec- tion with France; whose government, under eters? 'form, stamped with elespotism, and wady, k asiw.an jhe blood-stained hands of .a monster,- whose false hood, injnstice, cruelty, ambition; and tyranny, have not in any period of the world been surpasted. 4 4 In this awful state of things it is the serious and Urgent chity, as well as the perfect right of the Free . men of Massachusetts, to consult together,. and to adopt the most suitable means of deliverance from the evils already telt and the greater now impending, and which can be averted and removed only by the spirit and &illness of the people themselies. This dirty has.become the . more pressing and imperioui by the actual condition of the Government of this Common wealth, of which one branch (the &Mite) is in the 'lands of the usurpersi.devoted to. the iniquitous sys tem of the National Government's; Usurpers who ob ,• turned their seats by meani of an unjust and uncon 'stitotional law of the last year's legislature ; by which permanence, in ill-gotten and abused power, was intended to be secured in that branch, in de fiance of the voice of the people demanding reforms of the abuses and evils devised and perpetrated' by, that Legislature. These usurpers have manifested a . • • determination to deprive this commonwealth of their voice is the election of a President of the United •. 9:States, by refusing to concur in any one of the various fir modes of election tendered to them by the House. •ot Representatives. They have also impeded the expression of the public opinion by our present Le .gislature ; and hence the large and patriotic majo rity of the House of Representatives have addressed the people, and solemnly called on them to assembll in town meetings and county conventions, to express at this momentous crisis, their sentiments on public. affairs, and especially their disapprobation of, the war. This we wiil do ; and, as they advise, 6 without fear,' unrestrained by any considerations but those of justice and truth. " When a great people find themselves oppressed I tri gues, misrepresentations, and deceptions would be treme distress—inasmuch as all matters in dispute by the measures of their Government, when their required or practised in proposing and recommend- between Great Britain and the United States, prior rights are neglected, their interests overlooked, their ing them. That the statement made to Congress by to the Orders in Council of November, 1807, might, opinions disregard, d, and their respectful petitions Mr. Jefferson, in his message of December 18, 1807, in the opinion of Mr. Jefferson's own ministers (Mon received a itli supercilious contempt, it is impossible of 4 , great and increasing dangers with which our roe and Pinkney, now members of Mr. Madison's fur them to submit in silence. vessels, seamen, and merchandize were threatened, administration) 'have been, and were in fact by them " Under these circumstances, to repeat such pdti- on the high seas and elsewhere, from the belligerents adjusted on terms honourable and advantageous to ;ions would be unworthy of the spirit and dieity of of Europe," and on which he formerly recommend- the United States, but which were hastily and perem. freemen. We will tint incur this reproach. 4'he re- ed his fatal emgargb, as the necessary means of pre- ptorily rejected by Mr. Jefferson : and inasmuch as wed) is in the pet pie's own hands. Men deaf to the serving those essential resources," was not war. those Orders in Council would never have been issued, voi‘t tit reds( n and of Justice must - be deprived of ranted by the documents he then laid before Con- had the United States resisted the 13erlin Decree in poster, '1 he people in exercising the right of elec. sress as the evidence of those dangers. the manner which their honour and interest demand bun, must substitute persons of a aiderent_character. a. And , the subsequent confessions of himself and ed. When w e cons id er.t h ese t hi ngs , we ar e coin-, e They who tale over men must* fust y- ruling in Idr• Madison, concerning a measure of one of the y elled to believe, and do believe that the conduct of the fear of Gm." Without such rulers slavery and ruin await. us. In every community, it is but a sniallrnalmber': Of men and chiefly those who obtain offices, who can be benefited by the abuse of power ; while the great body of the people, whatever part they take, arc common sufferers. It is therefore as impossible for l 'the people knowingly to prefer such abusers of power, to honest men, as it is for them to prefer oppression and suffering to freedom and happiness. But misled by plausible but false professions of zeal for liberty , And the public gond, the people not unfrequently choose such deceivers for their rulers. Hence it is essential, in a free government, that the characters of men in power should be examined and plainly described. Those who take the lead, and give form and effect to abuses, are always few in number, but supported by a greater number alike unprincipled, and a still greater of uninformed and undiscerning men, they are enabled to trample on the constitution, to violate the people's rights and to load them with oppressions. 46 As men, like trees, are known by the fruits they bear, nothing would be more useful at this time than -a review and display of the principal acts and pro ceedings cl the men who for nearly the last twelve years have governed the United States. Such a re view would shew that they are the chief authors of our sufferings, and of the ruin now impending. • 64 We have the confession of Mr. Jefferson him. self, when in an evil hour he gained the President's chair, that the United States were in " the full tide of successful experiment," and that the government, the federal government, " had so far kept usfree and firm."—And what has changed the scene? What has produced years of suffering, and at length the greatest of human calamities, war ? The fatal de parture from those principles of administering our government which had brought in that full tide of prosperity, and kept us free and fiim. 64 Our rulers, by their long manifest partialities towards France, and enmity and ill offices towards her principal adversary, and now by declaring war against Great Britain, have given proofs of their &- sire to contribute to her downfall ; though with the moral certainty in that event, of our own ruin, of the loss of our independence as a nation and of our indi vidual liberties. The government of a free people so conducting deserves their severest reproach.— Thus viewing the proceedings of our rulers, and in connexion therewith the character and conduct of the rulers of France, we make the following further declaration of our opinions and feelings : " 1. That most of the great political evils which for a series of years have afflicted our country are to be ascribed to the intrigues and pet fidy of the French government under all its forms, monarchical, repub lican, and imperial, in concert with many ambitious and some unptincipled and corrupt men among cut own citizens, over whom that Government acquired a dang,tz ous and pernicious influence. " 2. That. this French influence, at one period during our revolutionary- war, was so predominant as to procure an instruction irom Congress to our Ministers who were empowered to negociate a treaty of peace with Great. Bricain, which put in jeopardy the fisheries, so highly important to Massachusetts, the extension of or territory to the Mississippi, and the free navigation of that river, and exposed us to a continuance of that distressing war, by postponing the acknowledgement of our mdept.trdeuce (an in di able condit'-n cf op- -- might lispenst_ tition of peace) so lo ng as m i g h t su i t the convenience and the ambitious views of France. By. that instruction by which our Ministers were dis honoured, and our country degraded, they were pla ced at the discretion of the Minister of France, being required 44 to undertake nothing in the negotiations for peace or truce without their concurrence ; and ultimately to govern themselves by their advice and opinion. This humiliating and dangerous instruc tion our Ministers bad the dignity, firmness, and pa triotism to lay aside ; and not only. without, but in opposition to the insidious advice and opinion d the 'French Ministers, negotiated such a treaty with , Great 13rttain as the honour and interests of the Uni ted States required. For which bold and indepen dent conduct the French party in congress wilh Mr. ; Madison a principal among them, attempted to pass a vote of censure. " 3. That to the intrigues of France are to be as-- cribed all the difficulties and delays in our attempts, in 1797 and 1798, to run the boundary lines between • the United States and the Floridas, pursuant to our treaty with Spain, and the corrupt attempts, by brim bery to detach the State of Kentucky from the union ; for France, it appears, had then contemplated the recovery of Louisiana trom Spain. To the same in trigues is also to be attribitted the obstruction, in 1802; to the free navigation of the Mississippi.and to our right of deposit of our merchandize at New Or leans ; for though Spain was then in possession, she was no longer the owner of Louisiana, and could have no possible motive to violate her own gcod faith and injure the United States ; she having be fore that time, in October, 1800, actually reconvey ed Louisiana to France. 4. That to the same intrigues of France and her 'influence with her American party, the party which Washington denounced as the curse of their coun try, is to be ascribed the vehement and obstinate op. position encountered. by that patriot President in his endeavours to maintain an impartial neutrality, and to preserve the peace of the United States, France and her partizans using every means in their power to prevent a settlement, by treaty, of the differences then existing between the United States and Great Britain ; instead of which they urged commercial re. etrictions and war. 44 5. That if the preseriation of the rights, pro. petty, and interests of the United States were the real inducement to the measures of our rulers, in their commercial 'prohibitions and restrictions, no in nts (the Emperor's BerlinDeCtee), exhibited in nue of those docunitnts th it it really presented no great and increasing dangers, from thej inability of France to carry its decree into execution, and which they in fact pronounced 64 an empty threat"—de monstrate that the original statement was in their own view unfounded and false; and therefore that it was a premeditated deception. And the implicit confidence of a majority of Congress inMr.Jefferson, procured a ready adoption of the measure 'recom mended under the familiar name of Embargo—an interruption of navigation, according to the common understanding; of very short duration—but which now was manifestly intended by its projector to be of leng continuance, and vhkh did in fact, for an unlimited period, cut off our commerce with all parts of the world.' i"rhis measure, thus founded in deception, so ruinous to ourselves, but so acceptable to the French Emperor, with the various circumstances attending it, is to be accounted for on one ground only—that it Iwas taken in concert with him, to further his avowed design and attempts to destroy the commerce of Greatßritain, by that means to subdue her, and thus remove the 'ply barrier in his march to universal empire. The public men capable of practising such ' deceptions, are no longer entitled to credit, whatever may be their professions of sincere desire to preserve the peace of our country, and to secure and promote its welfare. " 6. That under the same pernicious French in fluence, the natural sympathies of men for oppressed and suffering humanity, for the patriotic Spaniards betrayed into the hands of the French Emperor, but nevertheless struggling to recover and maintain their independence, such sympathies, if felt, were discoun , tenanced and suppressed; and a multitude of Ame rican citizens, after the example of their rulers, exhi bited to the world the strange spectacle of Freemen indifferent to, or rejoicing at ti e success of a Tyrant usurping the dominions of an uncffending nation— of an Ally which for many years, constrained by its situation, •had aided his arms and laid his treasures at his feet; Freemen thus wishing to add the stiength of an empire'to a power already vast and gigantic,' a power which had subjugated many ofthe states of , continental Europe, overawed the rest, and endau. gered the liberties and independence of every otter nation. " 7. That by thus furthering the views of bound less and unprincipled ambition in a ruthless tyrant, , our rulers'have shewn their pretensions of superior attachment to liberty and the rights of man to be false and hollow ; and their often-repeated profes-, sions of exclusive Republicanism, are made merely te delude n a m n i ddeceive the people. The falseness of these their pretensions is further proved by their un-, ceasing and hatred towards England, the only country in Europe, the only country in the world beside our own, which enjoys a free Govern ment ; a country which for ages has been the bul wark of the religion we profess, and is now Lbouring more than all other christian countries, to extend the knowledge of it and its benign influences to regions where its voice has not been heard • a country which has hitherto wi t h s t o od the torrent of despotism issu ing from France to enslave a world, and whose powerful navy alone has prevented that torrent from rushing upon and overwhelming the United States. The American citizen must be void of understand ing, or careless of his reputation as a man of sense, the tiuth of this oni-:- wlio will publicly question the this opinion. " 8. That the preceding truths being so obvious and clear—the constant and glaring partiality of our rulers towards France, and as constant and glaring hostility to Great Britain so manifest ; while the best interests, the commerce and prosperity of the United States, are the sacrifice, and their liberty and inde pendence put in jeopardy; while they talk of honour, and crouch at a tyrant's feet, submitting to the un exampled insults of the Emperor of France, who telli them to their faces that they are destitute of policy, of energy and of honour ; while they petu lantly complain of injuries from Great Britain, and patiently submit to injuries tenfold greater and of pe culiar aggravation from France—while'they affect, a clis4ir i n to •protect our commerce, yet by their own acts.,have• done more than all foreign nations to de stroy It:: ,and at'last have declared war in favour of ii.tyrani o 'against the country with whose extensive dominions in every quarter of the globe a free com merce is now more interesting to us than a trade with all the world beside : we are constrained to ex press our opinion that such conduct is not to be ac counted for on any fair and honourable principles ; —we are constrained to believe, and do believe, that while an ardent desire to continue in power, clothed with all the honourable and profitable offices in the Union, might induce them to use the same means to maintain, which were employed to acquire it; that is, by cultivating the known prejudices, of the people, which are coeval with our revolution, in favour of France—and stirring up and embittering ' every evil passion and resentment against England ; while this might partly account for their previous measures adopted at the expense of the solid interests of the United States ; yet their last desperate and atrocious act in declaring war against Great Britain, by which an immense property of our citizen s , and thousands of our seamen now abroad are exposed to capture; a war by which our fisheries and foreign commerce will be annihilated, and the value of our agricultural productions thereby greatly diminished, and by which even our coasting trade from state to state, and from one port to another In the same state may be destroyed i a war by which our ordinary revenues will be cut off, and the expences of govern ; ment and war must, therefore, be supported by land and other internal taxes; while complete success against Great Britain, ending in her fall, would at the same time seal our own fatal doom—and ill suc cess and disasters would reduce these states to ex- prin t ' g for the rni* onr rulers, hi preferring war,to such an R di umteir, is not to be accounted tor on the cud inary of competition in a party contendir, kited all public tenance of its Owen. ix. ~ 9. We therefore declare, that ru I . ers so eondiut. ing themselves, having betrayed the 'trust which th e people placed in their hands, have feet confidence ; and that every possible effort, at ~.c ceeding elections, is required by our t learest inhere by our safety, liberty, and independttnce, to rem them them to private life. it 10. That as the embargoes and commercial re. strictions imposed by our rulers have been calcul ate deeply to affect the essential interest of M ase , aduset to depress her a,triculture, and to destroy h er f isheri _ 4 l j trade, and naN igation—deprived of Nel l i e ! ) , h er 6 7: zees could exist only in poverty and distre ss: t h ose of her representatives in Congress who supported and voted for those pernicious measures, and ficam, for the desperate and atrocious act deslaria l rme , wealth. c.tua 117,_ shewn themselves to be enemiss of t h e : t 4 , 11. That the violaion of our commerci4 'iglus by our own gi,vernment is the mare pointedly to b e , reprobated, seeing that- the equal and full protecti re , of commerce in .ul the states was one of the great objects in our federal udion, the preservation of whi c h will be hazarded by a persevmuice in the measnift which have alren.ly so deeply affected our essential interests, and which, if submitted to, must end their destruction. R:s2.halt:lefahteltahntipttaokiln,igtwo!is C u an ir a e d c a t , an w d h p i yin ch . ci o r zr al rier l ol,ject of acquisition in, this war, if it should be g. ' complished, would cost infinitely more, in blood at a treasure, than the whole countr . e is worth; and that it conquered, some millions of dollars must be anon. ally raised by taxes to support the army indi;p:nra frle to garrison the forts and maintain the posses4 o , But a greater and more dreacift.l evil would be the consequence. On the first den, rind of France, the same Rulers would surrender the country to that power. It was c tie of the a icient possessions cf France, and a vast proportion, I?erhaps a majorilyn is population are Frenchmen. When the French Government, Bonaparte then Fi rct Consul and annul ruler of France, asked and dei minded of Spain it restoration of the province of Louisiana, which hi been ceded to her in 17G2, this reason was assigned —that it had once constituted a part of the Freud territory. Canada again in the hands of France, ke tdrmer plans and practices woul d be resumed. son, as before the war of 1756, she would commence he encroachments— soon she would re-unite Canada to Louisiana—detach the western statil from the union, and seize the Floridas ; thus enconlpassing the At. lantic states, and hazarding their i uture peace und independence—if sLe rbore an imr nediate attack. 46 13. But another fearful evil ris es to oar view. The arbitrary strides cf our rulers, the tyranny of a majority in the national house of repesentatives, is infringing and denying the liberty of speech to the faithful members of that body—libert; essential to deliberative assembly, 46 and formidable to tyram only," and without which a free Government can not exist—joined to the frequent practice et decal ing in secret on measures affecting the vital interest , of our country—these things justify the that if the conquest of Canada be seriously intended, it is to be delivered up to France ; that she may troul the Northern States, from which alone our n• lers apprehend effectual apposition to their pernici ous and tyrannical measures, Or if the conquesiof Canada be the ostensible, not the real object in rais ing an army, then the only admissible inference i that the army is intended to enforce the same perni cious and tyrannical measures, by overawing th• people, compelling repress silent ingtheliberty submission,o s)eec tog a complete establishment of tyranny in these he States. and h fi a n n a d lly of efec 111 press, " 14. That the couhtenance and encourageme to mobs and violence exhibited by persons and new papers devoted to our rulers, furnish a well.gromdei presumption, that on failure of sufficient numbersi the standing army now raising, mobs are to bed! instruments to enforce the arbitrary acts of our 0 vernment ; Which, unless counteracted by gene associations for mutual security and defence, on prove fatal to the lives and liberties of the real hies of the country, and introduce all the violeucies at horrors which in revolutionary France deluged th land in blood. 44 . With earnestness we seize this occasion to I press our respect anei veneration for the chief mag trate of this commonwealth, and our cordial app bation of his conduct in refusing to surrender I command of any portion of the militia to an oßt of the United States who demanded them when to of the exigencies provided for in the c onstituticalr occurred. " 15. That the unequalled profligacy of the Free Government, its defiance and contempt of all obligations of justice and faith, joined to the persi infidelity and general prostration of monis 101 French nation, present France as an object of bar to the civilized and Christian world. lan is e! therefore, we also express our detestatio n declared by our Rulers against Great Britain ? thereby we become associated with Fran ce ; and cause the war in its progress, will naturally pine an alliance with her that will prove fatal to , OUT th gion, liberties, and independence. This volunl this chosen connexion with a Government and pe so perfidious, profligate, and corrupt, is of mit ficient to draw down upon our country thei meats of HIAvEN. These we deprecate; sad!' avert by all the means which the laws a mloBl tion have placed within our power; in order tni a speedy and utter dissolution of that cow*** " 16. That in the opinion of this Conolli g* magnitude of the evils here brought inn ilew' forcing themselves on our attention? calls* s' solemn and weighty expression of the pugs' by a Convention of Delegates from all the osi this Commonwealth ; and that in court:Molt these delegates should assemble at Boston to co advise, and act on the surest means of resterno_, and commerce, and of preserving and securtri common interests, liberties, arid safety, d nOW oin Jo jured, oppressed, and endangered , by the gs _.l own National Government, than they were ns rn 1775, we took arms to protec t and de t i o t; against the measures of the Governmen t ni DritAitt. 13yorder o Totf the Conventioo, onix flautau4o B FreagglP • • • S I I +4l l f'