Star. — London, England, 1813-10-28 00:00:00

. 1! - -;,.. _ land, along• with those of the Lord Trettitirer, he unchanged ; and the administration of the laws of could not in reality be Sovereign, but that the Pope NAPOLEON are modified by the same influence which would still be regarded -as such. The Aristocracy qualified fiulls' of the ropes, addlhe edicts of the abridged his power in local matters, and the Pope Kornai! Emperors, when they happened . ip be at va-...controuled and thwarted him in tho;e general riance with local- usages, • schemes by which he conceived he would improve NAPOLEON dislike: Italy because he has uniformly - the country. For whatever may be the effect of the found her indocile'to his.schemei, 440pp9,00/( 11 4; measures of this extraordinary adventurer, it cannot, will by her habits More decidr,4l4: OAR; i4.'she. ac- we imagine, be denied, that he thinks all his aims and thally resisted him with arms bat-changed the purposes calcUlated to produce good. He does not provincial Governors--the Savoy fatoill have heeneS-,111 for the love of doing evil ;.,but his schemes are ill, pelled from Turns—the'4ustriao from. Tuscany—Wl, .beeause he attempts to carry them into execution in the Bourbon from Naples ; but those who imagine spite of nature and the moral sentiments of mankind. that such . changes. have . altered in any degree the The degradation of the Pope was a step which he great and venerable edifice of which they were but found necessary to take, in order to realize his tide the gilded weathercocks, are .assuredly rnistaken.4 to King of. Italy : for so long as the-Pope was al, It has required more thin two thousaed years to raise ` lowed to possess the metropolitan government of the the frame of society in Italy—military fury may °vet - country, NAPOLEON knew that he himself would be *helm it ; but it is neither is the power, nor the na-i; but the second person in the Italian State. It was, tore of human means, both to destroy and to renety.:,therefore, to little purpose that he expected to acquire it in the same age ? Should it ever:happens in dia. the full superiority, by stripping the Papal Govern,. miracles of accidept, that these observatipns should ment of its secular possessions. He foundrthat such be reported to N4?ouroN, he will remember a con- , were, still the inveterate habits of the people, that versatiort whieh lac‘ held with two Capuchin friars in they would not recognize the Royal authority as the the gallery of the palace of Turin, and hew Much supreme ; but that they would constantly attempt to appeal against the mandates of his ofrlcers thebc was embarrassed by an "observatior; which the Pa younger made to him, when he spoke of I,:fahricating pal authorities. For this reason, he saw the neces the Italian character. audacious conceit! et if one sity of withdrawing the Pppe onto( the Italian terri r man could alter t 4 long matured edtent aC otir in 7 tory , and of substituting a Supreme Civil Govern fluence of climate, of laws sloct erns;, , of liatuFe ment ire Rome, which should acquire, in time, some and of Pnov.towpa , !portion of that authority by which the Ecclesiastics There is perhaps more inthe tiatore.of Engishmeo, had ruled the country; The great change that Bo that would lead therp to approve the. proceedings of NAPARTE would effect in Italy, (for as yet he has BONAPARTE, if he could.obtain afilnitarr superiority effected no other than that of suffering, the re t .actioit in the country, than there is in the ita4us, although of which will one day recoil on him with a vehe- - . be has been so warty years the unopposed King of :metice in proportion to Me violence by which it has Italy. The justness of this,assertien will appear the been imposed)—the Change which he would effect it' less disputable, when we consider the cense', which that of settling Supreme Central Government in live prevented the Italian nation frein.tpking a EPINS l place of the Papal, which had fallen into decrepi taneons sin the . Arairs,of . lune, Ace.* 411 . a tude, and was no longer capable of exercising the cline of the ?APO astl*V. • • [functions of rule with proper effect. But he is fully In our view 91,141 y, we regard the Italisatnatioe . • ‘ aware that a hereditary monarchy is not suited to the i es comprehending all those who speak'the langua ge' state of society in Italy. and belong to the soil, comprehending riedascint and i We shall speedily take an opportunity of describ naples—all, in fact, which Narotzon sills the Kling. ing the kind of Government which the Italians re dom of Italy, as well as the ..Province Itome,•and quire and of stating avhat, in our, opinion, ought to the Kingdorn of Ilaples,_pnorto the FrenclileetrOlU- 1 be the declared intention of the Allies with respect tion- This extensive track—the richest and4neit et t to Italy : for the balance of power can never be re .the Continent of Europe—was subdivided into avait gored, if that great and opulent portion of Europe number of petty Principalities, ieme of Which were dh hot receive its ptoper degree of consideration in immediately under the'.oe.4.4 one person, others the scale, •. • were ruled by several persons. Parma, Tuscany, were Dukedoms; Genoa, Vhice, ttc. seere,called Republics, but were in reality governed by aa 'Maar? pprated number of Nobles. But they all regarded themselves as meMbers of the 4talian Nation ; and their subjects, though discriminate d among them selves by provincial names, were known to the other nations of Europe only ley that of the Italians. The supreme government of the country was that of the Pope ; hut, from the nature of his pretensions, the military and civil business of the general State was administered by the different Principalities, with reference to their respective local interests. Italy presented, before the french Revolution, just sqCh an order of things as we might conceive Engird to do, if every County and Corporation were to raise. taxes and . troops independent of another i obeying only so.much of the general laws of the realm as re. fated to the support of the Court in I.onden, and the payment of the Clergy. The Priests were denizens of all Italy ; but seculars and soldiers belonged to the towns or districts in which they happened to be born. The natural effect of this was—that, as the Pope was not allowed t o regulate the military affairs Italy could take no parts collectively, in the wars of Europe. Sometimes the .interests of Venice ioducettl the corporation of that city to take a part in military proceedings, while those of Genoa required that Ma gistracy there to act differer,tly. In whatever related to war, (and tht.transactions of States relate to nothing else,) the supreme Government of Italy has never, iiace the Crusades, felt itself enabled to take a share io the deliberation of other Governments with any effect. It left, sty necessity, the consideration of such matters to the P,ovincial Magistrates; so that when the French invaded Italy, the . corstiost of peace and -war was discussed and decided in as magi distinct assemblies as there were Dukes, Counts, and Ceipe.' iations in the country. .The consequence . was--that :ts some declared fur peace, some for war, and all in dependent of each other, no resistance could he op posed to the French arms, and the country was : overrun. "ot although BONAPARTE, with R facility arising f ro m these circumstances greater than he met with elsewhere, acquired the military superiority of Italy, and subsequently declared himself the King of the - country ; yet he found, that while the Porn nes per mitted to retain his metropolitan dignity, he himself was a 'more limited monarch in Itaty than his dispo, . s kim 'oould brook, -.tie foUnd that be could' not un sent the aristocratic disposition of the Italiani; and rberefore he has allowed tlw Nobility to remain im • ;11,isturted. He found that he could net *east the • fmmenf Society t and therefore he his pertnitted it .o.rersain unaltet4 though it mars all the whemes, by which he thought he could imprve the condition 'pf the Country. He - found alto, that while he per- 1 seitteci the Papal 4overmeint to such was th e -nature of the constitution of the country, that al. -though hi might gratp - all the power and Privileges the Commode; its Chief of the Forces by sea and FRENCH ediPERS, PARIS, OCTOBER 22. We hare today received accounts from the army, dated the 13th. They confirm the Telegraphic *dis. patch which we reported yesterday. The King of Naples, the Prince of Moskwa, and' the Duke of Castiglione, had completely beaten the enemy on the 11th and 12th. On the 13th, four thousand prisoners and =tope rior ofAcers, had arrived at head-quarters. In a rencontre of light troops, M. de Kraft, who was Secretary of Legation to Prince Kowrakin, at Paris, was, taken prisoner—he was proceeding from the head.quarters of the Emperor of Russia to those olthe Prince /loyal of 'Sweden, and was the bearer of dispatChes, which have been taken. The Emperor had on the 13th, his headquarters at Dilben, a small town of Saxony, upon the road from Leipsic to Wittenberg, eight leagues from she I foriner, and seven from the latter. The enemy. still shews great irresolution in his movements. His Majesty continues to enjoy the best health. Other letters from the army state, that the Bing of Saxony had arrived at Eulenburg ; and that, since his Majesty had left Dresden, =ldling of importance had taken place in that City. Private letters from Vienna continue to give a most distressing picture of that capital. One of these let: tern, dated October 8, and written by I person wor thy of confidence, mentions, that according to a ma -1 yeller, lately arrived from Bohemia, the Austrian I army was in the worst state ; that the soldiers were without shoes, and almost without clothing ; that I they were badly fed ; and that there were at Prague and in the neighbourhood, 70,000 tick and wounded of different nations; that the hospitals and the public establishments were filled with them, and that they had been obliged to place a great number of them in the houses of the nobility and citizens. Count Hardenberg, that pensioner of Great Britain, who writes with SQ much respect to the Clerks of the English Treasury, and of whom we spoke some time ago, was sent to Prague by Lord Walpole ; and on his return to Vienna, he gave the same details respect ing the unfortunate position of the army. The Austrian Couna is in warns discussion with tie English Ministry, relative to the subsidies. England wishes only to furnish bills, and Auitria desires to have real money, and is negociating for I • Oil purpose with the Vieona t bankers ; but the latter refuse to take those bi 11.... being much embarrassed in diposing of them. The intelligence froth I-lu.ngary causes great itnea sinep to Government. Tit* %mops. of the liongarian insurrection have evinced . so bad a disposition, that they have been sent track to their hrnes tilt ityther orders. In the vil lage of Viiglo thoro have been violent dissensions, • . •• 1 • • 4 • and the Lord of the place bas beta - attattioatettby widitaplclity and precision, ttlirecaed the the country people. . charge to be stinbded. The enemy waited till the The Archdukes Ferdinand and Malimillan, not Moment when the sabres Crossed, and then made half having received superior cozumands, have, it Is said, a turn. MA this instant hi; pout was complete, and sent in their resignations. i be only found safety in a precipitate retreat. . . The deserter General Jomini has spent some days at Vienna# but lie has not been allowed to remain there, and has already set out. Russia, mistrusting such a man, and wishing to rid herself of him, has given him a place in the interior of the empire. We read in the,B;e:letu Jgurnal of the 27th of aep s. tember i that the body of General Moreau arrived in that town in the night between the 25th and 26th of September. It has been transferred to Russia, under charge of the Colonel who was first Aide-de-Camp to that General, and who enjoyed his full confidence. 66 The result of this trifling affair is, 46,prisoners, including a Cossack officer, about 50 horses, a great number of wounded, and several killed. There was onlya eiogle Danish dragoon wounded, and 1 horse, killed. I have to praise the excellent conduct of tie , Danish regimetn which is under my orders, and whic, today executed thii brilliant charge. But, Monseiv neur, Lowe particular eulogiums to the Culoncl o: the regiment : one is astonished at findjag, in so as "rallied age. so much vigour and audacity. 46 I am sending to your Excellency's head-quar 'ters, all the prisoners. I have the honour, &c. &c. VICIIERY I General of Division. It is thus that the Danes answer the ridiculous vocations of treason toe aids their Sovereign, u adventurers give; who have neither fortune, nor repu tation, nor honour to lose ; and who lately, in one ot their libels from Lur.eberg, modestly said, that burgh was the place w here would be found the Gries, the Puthes, the Mettletkamps, and the partisan Tet t tenborn, who places himself in their ranks in hii qua lity of citi;en.of Hauthurgh ; a citizenship which has cost the city so dearly.—(Moniker, October V.) , LAI:ANNE, OCTOBER 8. The war battalions of the Swiss regiment; stationed in Reiland. have set oet from thence for Minde upon the Weser, between Hanover and Osnabruck. BA.YREUrII, ocroBER The enemy, who dares hot measure his strength in a pitched battle with the French, endeavouring to carry on a partisan war, sends out detachments upon the roads, and Sometimes succcedi in intercepting the communications ; but this only Latta for a short time —the French return—the safety of the roads is quickly re-established, and the couriers arrive.. The only in. convenience which results from this that our cor respondence from I,;ipsic is occasiaially in arrear ; but the road from Bamberig, through tom- forest of Thuringia to Weismar and Jena, and fit* . thence to Naumberg,.Weissenfeld, and Leipsic,' `is absolutely free, and by that means we have intelligence stufi• ciently late from the theatre of wart NUREMBERG, OCTOBER is. In the course of a few *lays, we expect to receive intelligence of the highest- importance' from Saeony. The armies are in presence of each other. His Ma jesty the Emperer has put Mittel( at the head'of the Imperial Guards, to march different corys . cparmee against the enemy's principal artily. It appears that the , enemy had an intention of making a new Offensive movement against the trench armies, but that he has beet anticipated in his de signs. We are in momentary expectation of con'. tier. A Very considerable corps d'arniee of trench troops has been orpnised between Marburg and Cas t sel, under the immediate orders of the King of West. phalia. General Mix's division of troops follows up its success. The enemy is retiring in &Teat confusion , tends the was: • The pa sage of French troops, who are proceeding to die army by Wurtzharg and Bamberg, is very considerable. AUGSBURGH, OCTOBER Is. All the Royal Family are now assembled at the Castle of Nymphenburg. Letters from Intriruck announce, that several 2 1. fairs have taken place in the Pusterthal, between the Italian division and the Austrian corps of Field Mar. shah Lieutenant Fenner. We have not yet received the details of those battles. BAYREUTH, OCTOBER ie. Aeccirclitirta the latest intelligence from the thee. are of war, the Prince of Moskwa continued to have' his head-quarters at Dessau ; .all the enemy's efforts to digodge him from that position had been useless. From thenile he observed the 'movements of the here. ditavy Prince of Sweden, and spoiled all the enemy's designs upon. the 'left bank of the Elhe. His cups was in contact with that of the Marshal Duke of Ragusa, whose centre was at Duben. Prince Ponia towski's corpe was at Altenburg, and his troops tau. pied the environs. He' was in communication by his lett with the Marshal the Duke ot Castiglione, wile frequently sends from Jena, where he hak taken a pa, sition, detachments of cavalry to Gera. The banks of-the wale are completely purgcal of their enemy, and that country is very traoquil, We learn from Boheertia that the Russian .and Prussian army coin' tnanded by General 41ucher has made a movement by its right. MILAN, OCTOBER tri • Accounts received by the last estafette inform its, that his Serene Highness the Prince Viceroy was on the 11th at Gradesca. The right wing of the army occupied. the line of the Isonzo ; the kit was strongly supported at Caporetto ; it is commanded by General Grenier, and defends the debauches from the valley of Fella. In the last action which the left wing had to support against the enemy, it made eighty pms nets front the regiments of Blanch'. Jellochich. -.n4 Duka. The enemy has .made fresh attempts upon Grado - but they have been as unsucce ssful as in the first. That tort has a sufficient gairiwie witch, iit case of necessity, Cat. be supported by the reserve placed at Aquelie. Some of the enemy's bands hairs shown themselves upon the motinteihs ot the Upper - VIENNA, OCTOStit ie. One of our Gazettes has publisbetttne is Field-Marshal Lieutenant • Prince Scbwartzenbeg , With his head-quarters, kit on - the 4th. The Emperor set out the following day tc. p . ruc'eed to C.ore mmoait a e s u t , y ‘ t v h h e e ra t m he pe a ro rr r i voefd pia ceeiled - thither. 'His Miktesty the King of Yrualis r er , • ;named at Toeit;.". tnhoewßuthsesiasasffiligkedeji7se FRENCH FUNDS. Oct. IS SI francs 25 cents. Oct. 22 58 franca SO cents. 20 57 25 23 57 46 IP, 24 57 CASSEL, OCTOBER 16. To-day at two o'clock his Majesty entered his ca pital. A division of French troops, among which were observed an infantry battalion of the Imperial Guards, preceded his Majesty. His Majesty wishing to give a proof of his satisfac tion to the General of division Alix, for the signal services he has rendered, especially since the 28th of September, has, by letters-patent from hfarbourg, created him Count de Freudenthal, with a stipend from his private purse, the half of which is to revert to his wife. This General Officer hes proved, lifhis good con duct in .these difficult circumstancesohathe is equally distinguished as a military man, as he is for being one of the best and most zealous servants of the Kiog. The good citizens of Hof-Leismar, having their Mayor at their head, armed themselves to deliver up to justice fourteen individuals, who, durie.g late events, committed disorders in that commune. The insurgents were placed the day before yesterday in the military prison of Cassel. Similar proceedings have taken place at Greben. stein ; but four of the accused having succeeded in escaping, the Comirt6ite delivered Asp as many hosta. ges, chosen from among the principal landholders, till such time as the four really criminal shall be de livered up. . The good citizens of the town of Eimbeck, depart ment of La Leine, have equally formed a national guard ; With permission of the Prefect, to suppress any disorders which the dregs of the people, directed by some evil-disposed persons, might wish to excite, ALTONA, OCTOBER 14. We have just read with indignation in the Prussian journals, a letter written about the god of last month, to the Commandant at Lubeck, by the • Swedish Ge, neral Vegesack. That General complains of .some excesses committed, as he pretends, by. the banish , troops, which probably did not yet know the military customs received among civilized nations. M. Vegesack must, by his own experience, be con vinced that our troops know and fulfil their duties upon the field of battle ; it is there that they wish to signalize themselves, and not upon the roads and in the villages, where the heavery of those is sure to shine, alongside of whom true Swedes are ashamed of fighting. The piecipitate. retreat which General Vegesack made from the district of Ratzeburvhas, perhaps, given him a better.idea of out troops ; but if he wishes to convince himself that they know how to unite valour withdiscipline,. let him ask the inha bitants of Swedish Pomerania, and particularly the inhabitants of Stralsund, if it were not the Danes who contributed with the French to deliver them from the exactions of Schill, the worthy predecessor of Major Lutzow. What! • General Vegesack threatens us with the vengeance of the Swedes, becauee we do not under, stand the rights of nations : and it is his Government which, conjointly with its allies, the English, caused, long before the declaration of war, all the vessels which were conveying grain to famished Norway to be seized ! Certainly, when, in 1794, the English de tained neutral vessels laden with grain, which were proceeding to the ports of France , the Swedes were indignant at that barbarity, and they now join with those who make war upon women, children, and old men. • We have just received intelligence from Ham, burgh, of a new success gained over the enemy. The following is a copy of a letter from General de Vichery to his Excellency the Prince of Eckmuhl ; " Moollen, Oct. 12, 1813, at St in dm, saorninl. 44 MONSEIGNEUR-4 have the honour to inform your Excellency, that, conformably to the orders,you gave me yesterday, I set out at• three o'clock a. -. this morning, with the Danish regiment of dragoons, which is under my orders„ and four companies of in. fantry, which I placed in ambush in the wood. I marched with the cavalry upon the rear of the village of Gudow, Where I knew the enemy was encamped. I found there an entire regiment of the Legion, and some Cossacks. I completely surprised them, killed them some men, and wouuded a great number, 16 The enemy retired upon Zarenthin, and . I saw several platoons of cavalry collect upon my flanks, which induced rue to believe . rat I might success fully feign a retreat. The enemy completely fell into the snare ; they collected and followed me in good order, issuing fries of joy and victory. However, the ground appearing proper, .1 suddenly ordered my troops to halt, and face aboi • ati-this movement was . . -.-