Star. — London, England, 1827-06-22 00:00:00

CATHOLIC CLAIMS. Mr. PEEL rose to present sic Petitions against further entices. 'tons to Roman Catholics. These Petitions had been for some time in his hands. They were front the Minister and Protestant Dissenters assensbled. at Grove Chapel, Camberwell; the Arch deacon and Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Huntingdon; the parish of Walton; the Inhabitants of the city of Litchfield ; the Diocese of Cloofert and Kilniacduagh, in Ireland; and one other place, the tame of which was not audible. These Petitions were severally bro.* op, and ordered to be laid on the table. Mr. PEEL then said, that a Petition had been put into his hands by a Roman Catholic Gentleman, and although he was not ac quainted with him, he had every reason to believe that he was per. httly•respectable. This Gentleman stated, tllat he was an Attars y, that he had made an application to be admitted a Master Es tfautdinary in the Court of Chancery; but that, in consequence of an oversight in the Act of 1791, it still remained necessary for Mas ters Eatraordloary to take the Oaths of Allegiance and Supre macy. The Petition was signed John Wilson.—lt was ordered to be printed. Sir C. !BURRELL presented a Petition from the Owners and °misters of Land in the neighbourhood of Shipley. in Susses, praying lior agricultural prestectiati.—Ordered to lie on the table. Sir J. W ROTTESLEY presented a Petition from the Protes um Dissenters of Wolverhampton. praying for a repeal of the Teat and Corporation Acts. LAWS AFFECTING LANDED PROPERTY IN INDIA. Mr. FERGUSSON rose, pursuant to notice, to more for a Select Committee to inquire and report upon a subject of great importance to the administration of law in India. The first topic to which he would direct at•, teatios, was the state of the law as respected ptoperty in land, and the liability of such property in the hands of executors and administrators. The question arising out of this really resolved liself. Into one of, whether there was any reel property at all in t under the existing law ?—rehethee, in short, all the landed pr.titerty in India was not chattle, or; in other words, could any person in India bold an estate in fee? This question had been raised before tke Supreme Court at Bengal, and though a difference Of dpinion'esisted amongst the Judges, it was decided, that landed property in the hands of executors and administrators, was liable to the payment of simple contract debts. An inquiry into the state of the law on this point would be one branch of the subject which he should propose to submit to the con sideration of a Committee, should he prevail on the House to agree to his motion. It was tine that te law might be declared by Bill, but he saw no objection to the appointment of a Committee, and he trusted the House would agtee with him as to its expediency, the more especially, as the opinions of the Judges in India were not uniform upon this question. The next point to which he would call the attention of the House was a matter of much greater importance, involving the security, in person and property, of every British sub-' ject in India—affecting the population of a gigantic empire that encompassed nearly half the globe—that stretched limn the Cape of Good Hope to the Straits of Magellan. By the first Charter in the reign of George I. these Courts were established independently of the Civil Court, and the Governer and Council were con stituted Justices of Oyer and Terminer. As the law at present stood, a British subject, tried in one Court. might be subjected to a capital punishment ; when, if tried in another, the offence would be pronounced a misdem an Air. If two persons were concerned equally in the same crime, at the same time, and in the same place, the one might be oiled capitally, the other for a misdemeanour, according to the respective Court in which the parties were tiled. Another question which he hoped to set at rest through the instrumentality of a Committee, wruld be the individuils who could come under the designation of British subjects. There were subjects of his Majesty—there were subjects of Great Britain, and there were British Eumpean subjects Even as regarded civil pteceedings them distinctions were most ma esial, and should be accurately and defi nitively settled. One other point remained to be n deed, on which an alteration in the law was most or. gently required—he alluded to the condition in which persons of the mixed b:ood wee placed. A Christian the son of an Englishma 1, (not legitimate) could be tried and lint to death, according to the Mahometan law, any where in India beyond the boundaries of Cal curia. In the rules of succession in marriages, in plu rality of wives, arid in the division of property amongst children, people of the class to which he alluded were all subject to the Mahometan law. He trusted-that the House would not understand him as meaning to cast the slightest imputation upon the present Government of India. Na one knew better than he did the mi'd and paternal character of that Government, nor could at.y one feel wetter pleasure in beating testimony to its ex cellence. The Hon. and Learned Gentleman then con cluded, by moving that a Select Committee be ap pointed'to inquire and report upo:t the laws relating to landed property held by British subjects in the tetri tories of the East India Company, and whether and how far the same was liable when in the hand, of exe cutors and administrators to the simple contract debts of its deceased owner ?—also ts hat cl .saes of iudiiiduals were amenable to the Courts of Justice in India, as se , spected person and property, together with what sta tutes did or ought to extend to t::ose tmitories, so as to 'produce uniformity of siecisions. • Mr.C.W.W.WYNN, however Battered by the f .vor able view which the lion. Gentleman had taken of the Administration of Indian affairs, could not agree to his motion. They were then at the close of a Sesston, and a Committe.., if appointed, could not have time to carry its inquiries to such an extent, as even to embr ace one of the branches of the subject broto4ht under the con sideration of the Notre* by the Hon. Gentle oils. Bu., even though there were tufficient time for such an in quiry, he still would consider the mottos objectionable —even though it were at the beginning of a Session, he could not but see great obj •ctions to such a pr-cee.!ing. What was proposed to be d..m. ? To appoint a Corn mince to inquire and tepoft upon what the law is. That was a question, not for a Committee, but for the Law Officers of the Crown. The Hon. Gentleman had been cor rect in stating, that a difference of opinion existed in the Supreme Court—the Chief Justice was of one opinion, and the twoPuisneJudgeswere of another. What they held to be the law, is the law at the present moment—but if doubts existed on the subject, the proper made of setting those doubts at res' would be by an appeal to the Privy Council. Was it right and fitting, that the House of Commons should appoint a Committee to decide a question that properly belonged to a Court of Law T He was perfectly free t 3 admit, that, for many pur poses, a Committee of that House conducted inquiries with much advantage to the public: but he thought, that a question respecting what the law was, or what it ought to be, was very unfit to be referred to a Cons'. mime. It would be impassible to arrive at any fair or beneficial - decis'on upon such a question, without hearing arguments on both sides, ax well those who oppose the opinion of the Chief Justice, as those who are favour. able to it. He would again put it to the Hon. Gentle. man to say, why the question could not be submitted to the decision of the Privy Council? Even the other House of Parliament could dispo-e of the question better than the House of Commons, for they had the Judges to consult. It was highly desirable that a uniformity of law should be established,hut it did not necessarily follow from thence that the appointment of a Committee 'of that House was either desirable or necessary. In his opinion, the occasion did not call for any thing that might not be effected by individual labour. Balls, he thought, might be advantageously introduced on the model of those then passing through the Houses of Parliament, 'for the improvement of the Criminal Laws, and he hoped that, early in the next Session, it would be in his power to submit to the House Bills for the consolidation ' of, and amendment of, such laws as the evils com plained of might require. Mr. FERGUSSON would not press the subject at present on the consideration of the House, hut begged leave to withdraw his motion, reserving to himself the tight of rein-Aiming it at a future opportunity, tf, in the interval, the subject were. not taken up by some individual better qualified than himself to do justice to it. His anxious claim was, to render the administration of justice in India as pure and perfect in its nature as it i was in England.—The motion was then withdrawn. NAVAL PROMOTIONS. Mr. HUME rose for the purpose of directing the at tention of the House to the subject of Neval Promtions. It wt .one which he dia not now intro 'ace for the first tirocto shale - notice, having on two former occasions availed Mabel( of an opportunity- to enter into various details connected• with the state of Naval Promotions. On those occasions he had satisfactorily proved, that promotions were frequently made through the medium of family. and Parliamentary influence, without any re gard to the benefit of the service, or the exigencies of the country. Since the period of his last formal m:- ti .n on this subject, he was bound in candour to say, a considerable number of old and meritorious Offi. cers had bees promoted. But, however, the evil might be mitigated, it was not remcived, and many unnecessary promotions had taken place. It was far from his wish to endeavour to impair the efficiency of the navy which he always desired to see powerful and paramount, in this country, and he was the last man who would set his face agaii.st a proper and legitimate degree of promo.. tion, but he confessed he could not but consider our present expenses in that department as alike excessive and unnecessary. In 1822, a unanimous address was agreed to by the House, and presented to his Mak ty, in which the King was requested to direct every prac ticable reduction to be made in our establishments, with la view to an approximation to the expenditure of 1792. To this cddress his Majesty had been pleased to return a most gracious answer, expressive of his willingness to attend to the suggestions contained in the addicts, and stating his royal determination to order all pos sible reduction! to be made in the various branches of the public expenditure. Now, he conceived he was fully warranted, by the terms of the address, and his Majesty's most gracious. message—when he considered these documents, and looked at the amount of our present expenditure, he repeated, he was war ranvid in declaring that the House had not done its duty; for, so tar from any reduction having taken place, our expenditure must ere considered as rather on the increase. He should, for the present, content him self with directing the a•tention of the House, more particularly, to one branch of our naval expenditure-- the rather as it was one under the immediare controul of Government, and which. it was in their power to check, w ithout reference to the Huth°r it y of Pal Hameln. From the naval dead weight which was introduced in 1817 by a Noble Lord then at the head of his Majesty's Government, the best, he might say the most rxtraor donary, results had been anticipated; but the expectation was not fulfilled. 01 the contrary, the effect of the scheme was to continue the load of taxation, which pressed so severely on the country. The Hon. ifembeil here entered into several details connected with the for mer and present state of the Navy, and concluded with rioting the following Resolutions:— " First, That, according to Official Returns now on the table of the House, it appears, that on tbr lat of January, 1817, there were 5,558 emistrissioned Officers in the Royal Navy, front the rank of Admiral to Lieutenant, and that of this number only Sea were at that time employed afloat, the remainder being on half.pay. " Secondly, That a sum of X 718,00 t has been expended in half. pay of Nivel Officers for this year, exclusive of £.578,359 fur half. pay of Marines, Widows' Allowances, &c. and A 450,000 voted on account of Greenwich Hospital; making an aggregate of £1,547,359 devoted to this bran; of the Naval Service during the year. " Thirdly, That is House is, therefore, of opinion, that an bumble Address should be presented to his Majesty, praying, that bit Majesty would he graciously pleased to take into his Royal con. aideration the great number of commissioned Officers employed afloat, and on half pay, In the navy, and having a due regard to the depressed state of the financial affairs of the country, the decrease of the Revenue and the heavy load of taxation under which all classes of the community labour, may direct that no further promotions Mall take place except on extraordinary occasions, and under re. markable circumstances, when the striking merits, and long and gallant servlces, of the individual to be rewarded, may be such as .hall authority promotion, and render it alike in justice due to the individual, and beneficial to the public service." . The first Resolution having been put fr. in the Chair, S'r G. COCKBURN allowed that there were morel Officers in the naval service than had employment, but many of them were on half pay, ready to return to active service on the emergency of a war. Were all tho e Of c, r 1 to waste their days without promotion of any kind? W.hat would be the condition of the naval' defence of the country, if no promotions had been made in it since 1815 ? Why, that there would be nobody but old men in the service, who, from their years and infirmities, would not be competent to the performance of their arduous duties in case of a war. For this reason it was thought fit to bling in young Officers. The greater numb r on the 11-t"of Captains, were nearer to 70 years of age than to 60, and many of the Li.ute-. nants old in proportion. This made it necessity to feed the profession with young men, and thus it happened that promotion must go on. There were twa ways in which promotion took place_ one was, by rewarding the services of old officers whir had distinguished them selves in the profession—the other was, by bringing younger men info it, to fill the vacancies occasioned by the promotion of the old officers. The introductidn of young officers caused a great improvement in the service. In the list of the young officers brought in would be found for the mit part, the sons and relatives of distinguished Admirals in the Navy--of Generals in the Army—and of distinguished public officers in the civil departments—whose public services gsve them a claim on the Admiralty for the promotion of their young relatives. On the List of Captains, most of the officers had past their examination for Lieutenants in 1815 ;They must, therefore, have been many years in the service be fore that period of their examination. He hoped the Hon e would never discou►age the promotion of naval officers, particularly when promotion was, in this time of peace, the only means the country possessed of rewarding their services. He assured the House that he had no duty more painful than the task of reading the memo.. rials of meritorious officers, and the necessity of refusing to them (which, in most cases, he was compelled to do) that degree of advancement in their profession to which long and useful services had equitably entitled them; but when the Honourable Member for Montrose corn. plained of the number of promotions, he must have for gotten the number of squadrons we had in various parts of the world. We had now a fleet of twenty sail in the Mediterranean, which was scarcely con sidered sufficient for the purposes; several ftigates, beside two or three line of battle ships on the coast of South America to maintain our Commerce; then, a number of vessels among the West India Islands, to put down the pirates, in which service the Offi.ers distinguished themselves by leading on in person against the pirates, and cutting ►hem out of their haunt•. Did n-t these gallant services demand promotion? It was indispensable, in of der to effect the proper performance of such dangerous duties. Nothing tended like promo tion to inspire an honourable emulation; one anecdote would suffice to prove its beneficial consequences. The Admiralty, some time ago, promoted a young Officer for having jumped overboard to save a man from drown ing—and for the next three months they heard of nothing but of Officers jumping iota the water—(A laugh). For these reasons be would oppose the propositions of the Hon. Member for Aberdeen, which he trusted the House would reject—the grit, by dm. preirlons qtrfetton, and the other two (if the Hon. Member should persist i n moving them) by a direct negative. Mr. Mus e s first proposition was then put, and met by owl previous guidon, which (tatter) was carried. 013 the Hon. M aas , bees pressing his second proposition, Sir JOSEPH YORKE concurred in the opinio n t h at promotion could not entirely be abolished; but fek hinstel bound, as a Member of that House, to declare, that, in the present appalling condition of the Onancet, a great degree of caution ought to be used in checking unnecessary promotion—it was a source of enototoot patronage, and, if not restricted, would swallow np a n immense amount of revenue. If the Right Hon. Gen. tkman now at the head of the Treasury would apply his great power to lessen the expenditure, and replenish the finances of the country, he would win the most s , lid fame and powerful influence of the public; but if h e did not act so he would sink, not from his pewter, but to the level of his predecessors in office, There was one point to which he wished to call the attention of the Ilse, as he had often before (thtu g h i ir vain) called to it the attention of the Honourable Mein ber for Dublin (Mr. Croker). namely, a psoposition for publishing the Naval Promotions in the Gazette. Such publicity would be a check on any smuggling conduct on the part of persons ii i office. Another point on which he a fished to say a word was, the appointment of second Captains in the Navy. That regulation he did not ascribe to the Lord High Admiral, as he doubted whe ther his Royal Highness's patent gave him the potter of making such an important alteration in the system; but the regulation itself he (Sir Joseph Yoskt) quite disap. proved of, as tending to introduce a sort of spy on the person of the Commander, and thns to breed ill.blood and discord among the ship's Officers. The plan oat borrowed, he believed, from the French, among whoa it was considered by their beat Officers as a blot on their naval system. Sir d: COCKBURN was rather srup t ised to perce i ve his Gallant Friend opposing promotions, particula r ly when he recollected to have seen him not lung since at the Admiralty, soliciting promotion for some of his worthy young relatives--(A laugh.) Auto the system • of appointing two Captains to the same ship, it was by no means a r ew measure, but had been in existence long before. The Lord High Admital bad received th e suggestion of a renewal of it, and brought it before the Council, by whom, after due consideration, it was ap. proved and adopted. The plan was practically thi•— Lieutenants who had distinguished themselves were usually made Commanders —now, as Commanders they rarely received employment, in consequence of the small number of sloops in the service, to which eau of vessels they were commonly appointed. By the present regulation, every 74 gun ship and flag-ship was to have a Commander as well as a Captaiii ; that, the Commanders who, by the former system, got rarely any experierice of the working of a line•of-baitle ship be fore they were appointed to the command of t'em, would now, in the event of the Captain's illness or death, be able to succeed to the command with a suffici,nt On. tity of experience acquired on board the line-of battle ships. while they had been acting in them as Coo mandets. This would be a most important advirtage to the service, as, after all, the power of the conairr depended on the operations of the line-of-battle skips While on his legs, he begged, leave to say a, word re another matter, important tithe Navy—he meant fie sale of commissions. The suhj et had occupied moth of the attention of the Admiralty. and the ollosing was a plan, which had received their approbation— namely, to offer to old Officers wishing to retire, A pecuniary compen. ation, equiva'ent to the value of their pay ; or to allow them to seil their commissions to younger Officers, who should have served a certain number of year-. Thus, the old Officera would be sop plied by the young, without any additional expense to the public, and with great advantage to the service— The only objection to the adoption of the plan, was the rrejudice existing against a practice that had never be. fore existed in the Navy. Mr. KEITH DOUGLAS said, that the grtem of premodern bad produced the most beneficial effects in the Navy. Sir JOSEPH YORRE explained. Mr. CHOKES felt himself called on by the Gallant Officer's allusion to him, nn the subject of gazetting navy promotions, to state, that he entirely forgot that the Gallant Officer had ever made any communication to him on the subject. Indeed, if the Gallant Other had made such a proposition to bins, and had asked him why he did not adopt it—his (Mr Croker s) an. swer to the Gallant Officer would be, " Why did you not introduce such a regulation yourself, is the nine years yon were in office !—(Laughter). But, .to the point in question—the fact was, that naval promotions were published in the Gazette quarterly in time of peace,and monthly in war, and from that were copied 4100 public newspapers. . . Sir JOSEPH YORKE mid, belmiiiinell it pdvately te the Hon. Secretary. Mr. CROKBlL—Privately ! Is it wet Wm. Mat a Lord die Admiralty should have confined himself to whispering such mat' teration to min (Mr. Croker) who was but a Swam of the Ssirli and never proposed it to the Based themselves. Sir JOSSP Li YORK FL—The Hon. Member may be a &twig to' he Board of Admiralty new, bet in my time be ttrM directly Ibl remme—(A laugh.) Sir J. WROTTESLEY said, be had not understood the Hon. Member (Mr. Hume) to hate meant to cast the slightest imputation upon the Admiralty of either the present or former days. The Hon. Member had only expressed his opinion, that some limitation should be put to promotions in the Navy, in which proposition, he (Sir J. W.) fully agreed with him ; at the same time, 'he did not mean to state specifically where that limita tion ought to commence; bat he trusted that the Ad mi. ralty Cruncil would themselves feel the necessity for coming down in the nest Session of Patliatnent , and propose some measure with that object. He apre hended not that any improper promotions wo'ild take place in the interval, for be was convinced the Illus trious Person at the head of the Navy would in the performance of his duty, follow the example of his Illustrious Brother, who had so long presided over that Army, and who had never suffered political consider.i• cloth co influence him in that most important recommendation of officers to his Majesty for pro w* lion. (hear, hear, hear.) atived The question on the motion was then put, and neg with"' *division. point, the Mr. HUME. in movies his third proposition, trusted the antirn pation of the Honourable Baronet would be realised, and that us_ promotions would take place in the interval between the close ef b the present Session and the commencement of the next, except as should be called foe by extraordinary merit. The question on the third proposition, for an Address to his /la' jesty, was then put. and negatived without a division. WAILUIOUSED COIN )ILL. Mr. HERRIES moved that the House do resolve itself into a Committee of the whole House is the Warehoused Cum 044 which was agreed to. On the mama that tbe Speedier do new leave the Chair, —tit• E. KNATCHIBULL said, that he wAI ccurinc:J as a matter of form, he wagiii•birras no objection to the_ course proposed. But tifteonsenting to the second reading, he did not mean to preclude himself from or psing tke, Bill to the utmost on every other stage. The Wartitra if LANSDOWN was anxious that the Noble s Eatl should express his opinion, and he should haVe'llspeated oppnrtunitie. of doing so. He should propose to go into the Committee some day next week, and moved that their Lordships be summooesl to morrow.—Orderel..as.Adjourned. HOUSE OF CONIMONS. At a few minutes before four o'clock, the Usher of the Black Bed summoned the Stumm to the Bar of the House of Lords, and his return, the Right Hon. Gentleman announced to the ouse 'that the Royal Assent had been given by Comroission to a cumber of public and private Bills, for which see Lords Report. coaroitames AMD ItST aces. • Petitions for the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, were presented from Berwick-upon•Tweed, by Sir F. &act, from Bradford, by Mr. W. MA RSHA LL ; from Hatfield, by Mr. T. D. j. comae ; and from the General Annual Committee of the Unitarians, by Mr. Seats Rica, nn behalf of Lord Moi.eom. Mr. W. MARSHALL presented a Petition from certain Mem bers of the College of Surgeons, residing at Leeds, against the pre- _ lent regulations of the College of Surgeons. Mr. PENDA EVES presented a Petition from Redruth, in Cornwall, praying, that as the Elective Franchise was about to be taken from Penryn, it might be transferred to the freeholders of the neighbouring hundreds, which contained a population of 120000 persons. Mr. C. PALMER presented a Petition from the Inhabitants of St. Mary, Lambeth, praying that that parish might be included in the inquiry revering the Waterworks. Alderman THOMPSON presented a Petition, signed by $OO anerchants,shipowners, and underwriters, against the present duties - - -on unripe insurances. After a conversation, In which Mr. M , 141 r. ORKINT, Mr. BS&DAL. and Alderman WOOd took part, the Petition was ✓ead, and laid upon the table. Alderman THOM PSON gave notice, that it was his Intention to bring forward a motion on the subject neat Session, if the Go •II2IIMCDC did not previously give some relief. PARLIAMENTARY REFORM. Mr. HUME said. that be had been requested its present a Petition. signed by between 2,000 and 3.000 -persons, and which had been agreed to at a public meeting held at Bolton, in Lancashire. The petition ers prayed the House to take into their consideration the distressed condition of the labouring classes. They made use of language in one part of the petition which certainly would not assist their cause, and which, per taps, might prevent thair petition from being received, as they complained that the evils they suffered arose frorn the mal.administratiqn of Government, sup .ported, as it was, by a corrupt Pailiament." That was, certainly, language not altogether correct ; but it was not to be erected, that the petitioners, suffering as they did, would be very measured in their expressions. Although he could not go quite so far as they did, yet parts of their petiti in %s ere true. They said, that thq public distress was chiefly owing to the sinecure pension-, places, and advantages, directly and indirectly enjoyed by the Aristrcracy, and that the country seemed to be made for that class. With respect to -that, be could himself shew, that all the taxes in every way paid by the Aristocracy, did not amount to so much as they received in pensions and places. It was true, it might be alleged on the other side, that if they •had places end emoluments, they rendered services in lieu of them. The petition went on to call the serious attention of the House to the Chuich lands and tithes— expressed a detestation of those who had taken part in the proceedings respecting the Manchester meeting, in 1819. and prayed for Reform in Parliament, on the ,principle of tinive:ssl Suffrage, Annual Parliament, And Vrite by Ballot. With respect to those topics, the Hon. Gentleman would only say, that he moat sin. verely hoped the principle of ballot would, at as dis tant period be adopted; and concluded, by expressing Isis commiseration for the distress of the poor. Hi was then about to move. when The SPEAKER asked, does the Hon. Member vaean to move that this petition be brought up? be cause it struck me, upon the Hon. Member's reading it. as containing various sufficient reasons for its re jection. I mill, therefore, beg the favour of the Hon. G•ntlemau's tending what is mentioned in the petition respecting petitioning a corrupt Parliament. Mr. HUME said, that the Petition had a statement to that effect, and he himself agreed in it. He did not, of course, nor did Is believe the Petitioners either to mean that the Parliament was bought and sold, but if they meant that there wets certain influences which operated to cause votes to be given, there he certainly did agree with the Petitioners. (Here the Hon. Gent. read that part of the Petition referred to, which stated " that the Petitioners, after must diligent examination,' thought of the many causes which tended to produce the present distress of the country, the chief was, the ma!-administration of the Government, supported as it was by a corrupt Pailiament.") The SPEAKER—Does the Hon. Member mean to make any motion upon this Petition? Mr. HUME moved that it be brought up. The SPEAKER—Who seconds the motion? No person was, however, found to second the motion, and the Speaker proceeded to call the nest name on the paper. Mr. SPRINS RIC ft presented a Petition from the Maltsters of Wexford, against the Excise Consolidation Bill. Sir W. W. WYNN presented a Petition from the Protestant Dlseenters of Wrexham, praying for a repeal of the Test and Cor• poration Acts—Ordered to be printed. Mr. M A BERLY presented a Petition from James Sully, of York-house, Battersea, praying the Home that permission might be granted m Millers to grind foreign corn. Mr. MUSK ISSON mad* an observation, the purport of which was not heard ip the gallery, after which the Petition was brought lip and ordered to be printed. Mr. MAX W ELL presented a Petition from certain operatives r.,itlent in, Glasgow, praying that some legislative enactment aright be pawed for the regulation of wages.—Ordeted to lie on the table. :"I i ' . 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