Star. — London, England, 1827-10-04 00:00:00

.. 111 but die wsr is • ••& W▪ . -...--, PW' NUMMI 12,1 I.] EAST INDIA HOUSE, September 28, 1827. FrHE COURT of DIRECTORS of the UNITED• cOMPANT of MERCHANTS e ENGLAND, trading to the EAST INDIES, do hereby give Notice, That a SPECIAL GENERAL COURT of the said COW ?ANT win be held at their House, in Leadrabill-Stregt. On Vianwsnav, the 10th of October neat, at Eleven cs'Oock in the f °moon, for the purpose of submitting, for confirmation, the Resolution of the General Court of the 26th instant, approving the Resolution of the Court of Directors, of the 20th Jane last, for the appointment of a Staff Captain, to be attached to the' Mi litary Seminary, at Addles:Grebe, with an allowance of Fifteen %wogs per Diem, as Pay; and a farther allowance of Twenty '', Pounds Five Shillings per Annum in lie,, of Diet. Copy of the slid Resolution now lies open at this House, for the rrusal of the Proprietors. The Court of Director do also give notice, that the said General Court is likewise made Special, for the purpose of submitting, for confirmation , the Resolution of the General Court of the 26th Instant, approving the Resolution of the Court of Directors of the Sol * Moo, granting to the present Marv* of Hastings the sum of (X 20,000), Twenty Thoussed Peas*, on the pentads therein gated. The Report required by tbe Byt-Law, tap. 6, Ise. 90.114 for the heretics of the Preview% at Ibis Heise. JOSEPH DART, Secretary► ADELPHI THEATRE, STRAND. ET AUTHORITY OT THE LORD CHAMBERLAIN. Duran; the recess, the whole of the Interior bas b.-en entirely Re hemmed the Dress Circle Enlarged ; two New Orchestra B o ot craLtrneted -tile Proscenium is extended in Height and leemdtk; sod considerable Facility afforded for the Pcoductien those Pieces which bare been peculiarly honoured by the Public Appiohatioe at this Theatre. AA' ESSKS. TERRY . and Y RTES respectfully in .L.TI form dm Public, that In consequence of the extensive Pre parations for a Holism of deep Interest, to be produced intme. *stay, the present is the only opportunity that can be afforded eating the Swop for the Performance of the highly porstar Nee dle! Smatter peeidtar to this Theatre. The PILOT for Three Nights only. Member 4, and the remainder of the Week, Winks presented the Nautical Burka& of THE PILOT! Ptinclpsl Characters by Mr. Timm, Mr. YAM, MT. Jowl Hens Mr. T. P. Cams. Ms. V. fie; use, and lan Toyama, her Faanh Appearance. After *MA. the favourite Barletta of VI, JOHN-STREET, AUELPH I ! 311 r. Anna Tontkin, Mr. YAW% Lady Crazy, Wrs Cuans. AR entirelp sew Ballet, composed by the celebrated DIDELOT, Represented at the Grand Opera of Paris, called • FLOItE ET ZEPHIR! note, by Miss Darts, of the King's Theatre. &wham by Pluses WAOIII2II and SUL Nat., of die King's Theatre. L'inneseence, by Miss Pere. Nymphe, by Slim Sassy. L'Arnoor, Mademoiselle Msical/is, from the King's 'fiseatre. Venus, by Miss C. Wants"- Yiyasphe, by Miss Baaserr, of the Theatre Royal, Drury-lure, • ►er are Appearance at this Theatre. Eephir, by Mt. GILIZILY, front the King's Theatre. Faun, by Mr. T. • Reouwar. Las Braves, Les Plaiairs, Lee Amours, &c. by the Corps sic Ballet. oveleade witk(by the kind permission of S. J. A asous. Esq. of *a Thum Royal, SNOW' Opera), the Burlesque s Entitled THE QUADRUPEDS! • Frascece, Leader of the Deny, by Mr. Yams. Percy, Mr. Ibusitsrosa. Abrahamides. Leader of the Rims, by Mr. Joins Raw:, Wbo will give eating's Imitations, and sing a Parody on " Cherry Ripe," called *. lheawy Wet!" D 010064111. Mrs. TATLIORS. 31111diteth Mlle D.LIT. Theorist& of she other Chimaera) as before. Stage Manager, Mt. TERRY. Composer and Director olkidlnic, Mr. G. H. Ronwet.r.. list Master, M. Hor.t.ts. Leader of the Band, Mr. Cat.tarrr. A new Butlers win be produced on Monday next, in which Mrs. Yalta. from the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, will appear. Various Novelties are in active preparation, and will be speedily ?roomed. Due notice will be gismo of the ant Appearance of Mr. %lc- Boxes, 4s. Pit , ti. Gallery, is. Doora open at Six, commence at a Garter before Steen. Half-price at Hag-past Eight. HOOPERr EXAMINATION& Ni divoinpliblidted, in ON V. glut peke lis..e& EIAMiNATUMS IN ANITSIT,, PIiYSIG LOGY, PRACTICE of PIIVISURGERY, CHE MUTE!, mATpitiA MEDICA, ad PHARSIACY; for die Um of Students. By RODE RT HOOPER, 111. D. Palle traresto. Nand kw T. and 0. Underwood ; L,engeran and Cw Sinipitin end Morahan ; g Col and San ; Burgess and HMI C. Tait ; Mackie, Sterling, and Kenney; and P. Drown, Edinburgh ; and hetet Cameron, Glaegover; • Mao, by the pine Anthem, The PXVIIIICIMI'S Vane MOCVIII I thrno. 76. the All4lllllllll/ell ♦sae M coati ISme. the husenorie Vain Macon, much Si. 71e blzscsa. Dsinu•shins. 271. " Dennis et Omens ntoc."—Hon. Thy home, *smi(hs the cup unite. That lsonepeireip) thy pleashsg wife. HAPPINESS si the get to-morrow of the 'mind" is insured bydnarriego; « the strictest tie of perpetual Friend a*" 4 a pile fromiloaven, cementing pleasate with reason, be Johnion, "we approach in some degree of smociatker ilikednitial intelligence." • Previous, however, to entering ism this hallowed obligation, k thrones ars imperative duty, not only to regulate the passions, Mie lo cleanse the groom nature from those Impurities which the bole. Co of unrestricted pleasure may have entailed upon it. To the preen of such attention, are attributable many of those hapless immures which; while they excite the commiseration of the be holder,shoeld also impress him wish the fear of self-reproach. Luxurious habits will effeminize the body—a residence In the ',ivies will relax the elastic fibre—but more especially does the premature irfnuatiou of youth too frequently compromise the na tura dignity into a state of inanition, from whence the agonized sofferer more than doubts the chance of relief. To all such then, we address ourselves, offering hope, energy, muscular strength, feucity; not will our advances appear questionable sanctioned as they are by the ntultiplied proofs of ito years' successful experience. easy cates of married life are sometimes disturbed by the "Oiritsion of those blessings which concentrate the nuptial wreath •-for the female habit is often constitutionally weak—let it can be lizenatbened, and deficient energy improved into functional power. lamer case of syphilitic Intension, as well as in every relaxation I v , the generative ecomany, weviedge our ability to curs speedily, 1.! 4 with effect. Baenestly solicit o rs to expel the unfeeling empyric m in the position so presumptuously takes up. we deviate from l e setalpriucipies with less hesitation; and confident in our own honourable integrity as Members of the College of Surgeons, we 'infer the buff•qing community of either Sex (especially those entering itte. matrimonial lite) at once to our house, where daily atteradames L even for per sona l consu l tat i on ; and letters from the co/MIT a. answered ; these must contain a remittance for Ad c a tad Medicine, an edicine, whi c h c be forwardedt o any part of the v Weever dntaut. GOSS and Co. M.R.C. &ageism, No. 11, falouverie•autet, Fleetftueet, Landes. rrien.poblisked (Seventeenth FAiition),l. The Moo of Lire, ' familiar Commentary on the above Diassases.. end, Hystuals. sdresied exclusively to the Female Sex. Nay be had at le, Imess.street, Soho; 174, Fleet-street ; 4, Catherine-street, Strand ; kroood, Gilbert and Piper, 9e, Paternoster-row ; and Chapple, London; Porter, 7ti, Grafton-street, Dublin; P hlis, 15S Trongate, Glasgow ; Caltou.street,Fsillnisergla ; Met all poraiselicts. Price ~~r~. . • • , P 4... :.4 . . .. , . 'I 4; . .., • 4111 1-.------- • - . : . o t - , j , . 40..- - k* , • lid i*g. 411 4( b. ~ ...,,,. „-..4. ~...... i , .., i* . ..„. v.,,,,y, , 406-----.,.., , . .„..... ..... Y. ... ...4. • A i, , I .. " • . 5...' : Ai l ‘l'. sa Mr 1 • Alan , 'Li : 4, 1827. .< 'EZELL'S LIFE in LONDON and SPORTISG CHRONICLE of Strusar, October 7, will contain an EN GRAVED PLAN of the IMPROVRIIRNTS now in progress la the PARK, accurately reduced front the Original Plan which was approved of, and ordered by the House of Commons to be Engraved and Printed. Ben's life in London is published at No. Id% Strand, every Saturday afternoon, at Four o'Clock ; and on - Sunday Mornings, at Four o'Clorit ; the price Is Sevenpence only. nation oat to lay down his arms until the Republic should recognize the province of Monte Video a , Aiss'iotegrel part of the Empire. The probabilities ass which the Government suppised that he would Viet upon the bash of the independence of the !Venda Orieatal, had thus completely disappeared..-; 'Whatever might be the intentions of the Emperte , 'tweeting the fate of that province, he wish 4 lobe able to execute them of his ownvontaneous will ; I but to appear to be obliged to do Otis by the Republic, was what he had resolved to resist to ihe•last extremity,' a resolution in the support of which he had shown more obstinacy *hue the reverses of his arens,..the honour of with he wished to recover at all hazards. To be 14 it - obioletely - BUENOS A' • A SUCCINCT EXPOSITION OF cowriccr - Pz CITIZEN DON MANUEL JOSE GARCIA, Ai MINISTER PLENIPO TENTIARY OP THE REPUBLIC, FOE IMIGOTIATIIII3 PEACE Serwssir IT, AND HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OP BRAZIL. Extraordioary and difficult must be the situation of a Plenipotentiary who finds himself to ' his official condoct in public, and to streets the reasons which ought to only in the Cabinet. But such is the lam at present placed. lam bound to in a moment of entiv - and I did negotiate, . of coarse that he must depart from the letter. __ instructions, and put to hazard hiss tranquillity and personal repntatiori. • This considera tion was net to be disregarded when a g. and national interest was at stake. The sole question to be considered' was, whether the cooditians specified by the Govertt ment in his inrructions was of such a mature, that being once altered, that great national ihtei est would also be comprised? Because, if merely ao inferior interest was in question, it was clear that such might be sa crificed to the securing of the great object, the essential right of the State, which is its existence. The ques tion then was reduced to the common and ordinary cam in which Governments desist from their pretensions-in exchange, I do not ssy for saving their compromised existence, but for enjoying the natural advantages of peace. Let us now examine this important question. The Emperor of Brazil is not willing to be obliged to yield any one of the . rights of sovereignty which he . pretends to have acquired, and justly to possess, in coo sequence of the union, which he calls spontaneous, of the inhabitants of Monte Video, and of the sacrifices made in consequence thereof by the Empire, - to fulfil on its part the compact entered into with the said inhii 'bitants. Tire Governitieot of the It-public, cloying the legitimacy of this title, on account of the non-existence of the alleged volunt..ry union, and testing its claim on the right which its ancient posseision, constantly sus tained by the blood and the fortune of the citizens of the Republic, not less h'uhe free and spontaneous will, without any kind of .coe4ten real or apparent, of the* inhabitants of the province. agreed to cede its rights, but on the condition that the said province should be esta• bri-hed into an indeperieera State, separa.e from Brazil and the Republic ; coosequently the province of Monte Video might ceaseaerforna an integral part of the 114• lion without injury to the nation's essential rights; ot, what is the same thing,. the Republic might renounce its eight of sovereignty over the Banda Oriental with- out compromising its existence by such renunciation. I. may, however, be LAW, That even though the Re public might exist perfectly well without the Oriental province, it would nevertheless have its existewe im. minently threatened if that province were occupied by a foreign poser different from its present inhabitants, and then the condition specified in the instructions would have reference to an essential right ; but such is not the fact, nor did the Governmeot of the Re public consider the subject in such a light. This is de monstrable, because the Government bad resolved tti make, not a partial renunciation, but a complete and' absolute cession of its sovereignty, without meriting to itself any eventful right—without imposing any kind of condition on a new State, which was to be erected in the Oriental province. That State was to have of course full and absolute liberty to enter into what sti pulations it might think proper with neighbouring States, or with any other, to adopt the system of policy best suited to its interest; to avail itself without any obstacle of the advantages of its situation and territory.:. and without any obligation of paying any attention to are prejudices or disadvantages which might arise therefrom to the prosperity or security of the Republic. 11 The Government, in thus ceding its rights, neither had, nor could have had, any other object in view thanthat of extric sting itself from the dif fi cult" of a ruinous war, b: the honourable expedient of yielding to a third. party the sovereignty, disputed by arms. Secondly, l because the Government was to make this cession, not withstanding it was fully aware of the almost insuper able difficulties which opposed the formation of an in• dependent state in the Oriental proviaces, of the trou bles which it would produce, of the pretensions to which it would probably give birth in other provinces, and of the results which such a state of things might have for the future. The Masons which the Govern ment has for taking this view of the subject are the same as those which have been published to demonstrate the impossibility and dangetof governing the provinces federally, besides othe.• more powerful reasons, which it is not here necessaiy to explain. k may then be deduced, from the whole of what has been said, that the renunciation of the rights of sovereignty of the Ite- . public over the Oriental, even without the con ditions specified is the text of the instructions, would not compromise tte essential rights' of the nation, a • that the Republic might make this renunciation, always supposing that by such a proceeding tf.e national ex istence, which at that time was compromised, might be saved. Having well weighed all these lemons, the Plenipotentiary conceived that he was .in a situation, which authorised him to negotiate, modifying on his. own responsibility the only article of his instructions,, which was directly opposed to the object of his mission and he resolved so to do, considering that ht • might thus secure to the Republic a benefit which was itigent ly necessary, without the fear of compromising it by any obligation ; and since according to the law of na tions, obligation by treaties is the result only of the stet of ratification. k now remains to be examined whether the preliminary Con ventionwhich, in consequence of the above resolution was con cluded by the Plenipotentiary at the :Court' of Brea; departed greatly from his instructions: whether positive advantages were acquired by it, or whether it saerificed essential rights and wounded the national gononr? On carefully analysing Artioles I and 2 of the Convention, it appears, in the Ark plate, that though, by the tenour of the instructions given to the fienipotentierp, the Repub lic was prepared to renounce uomicolitinnally all its sights to the. province of Monte Video without any reserve, yet by iheyrelimi. nary Convention it ragweed " only conditionally' eke ri ghts yrbkh ~~ti . . ! lteltal aw it might claim." Me reb.olllon tie Saahnincimaha Mi public of the rlglein MAIM le AI& itiefiletAo did Oat those natural and poilltical PION silikti the Orientit p - Wows and defebtfs. The Entpietor at Beata haieirmAy ded his presensions, Which Ate thew—the inletibirechgabod liesuei his right of possession of perfect sovereignty avert ' zidi Monte Video, a right which he holds to be actioired . 4Se Vona famous union of the Inhabitants of that rountry to the plie, - ind la virtue of which the Republic cannot take port of imeratre Id its drain without committing a manifest aggression. This rllibt, of which the Emperor of Brazil supposes himself In pus?esdrin, it 2 ece NM connected with conditions ,especially operant to ' enter., and favourable to the natural and political rights of the to of Monte Video, by giving to th e Repubic a'Sser,rithi„ 4 In the right of its own preservation, to interfereatidaeca# 'ileirts `leipeeting the mode of existence of the Ciriesititprovltlce. IL cps,: Mutably to the tenout Of the Instructions, thi ISitchi,Prittital bad - 41 constituted a separate and independent State, It ml!' t SIVT4 with ' - wbetever etihdi were tO heel a l iP clreamstaiitt eep t ' •• heat sovwelgi itself with the lit .itereogargenntsts; since it b.. boundary beyond which no °over:intent can, without s pass. By ankle 3d, the Republic engages to withdraw itt ern the (*tentsl province, and reduce it to the peace eetahlichn'ain. The Judge who is to decide upon the peace establishment Is 444 the Romper of Brazil, but the Government of the Republik ; does the article prevent armiug in case of impending ev..r with iome eele-r Power. It is a ntere stipulatits• of fort* Amon nations which has never been considered ignominious ; anti whatever eft. planations might still have been tholght necessary, tftlikt easily have b.en introduced Into the definitive treaty. fly aerie!: 4, the Republic is obliged to maintain the Wand of Marlin thirtia in Asps quo—that is, as it always : has been, destroying ;be temporary fortifications erected in cots.equeace of the war.-- This is precisely whet the Government would' do in the case of peace, and to engage to dolt now is noway injurious. Stipulations of this nature, and malty much more serious, are qtritte common Ift. treaties and conventions, without ever being calk-delishondtlrable. By article 5, the Republic is obliged to pay the value of the prises proved to have been taken by acts of piracy. This article is honour able to the Government, and is consistent with the principles 'which it has proclaimed respecting hostlisties by privatrerft=s The obligation, however, would amount to alines' nothing, beeftine we have reason to believe that the crime of piracy is very rare among our cruisers; and if any happen, it is but just that the sure. ties which the Government requires froin the owners should be answerable. Therefore; article o has for its object the adjudication and rendering more equitable the execution of the preceding article. Article 7 requires no particular observation., Article 8, without containing any thing offensive to the national dignity, presents very condderable advantages. It guarantees tbe.-free na of the. • river, withoet imposing on the Republic the` ich' l t s' would be necessary to enter into from tax Moment of the lusion of peace for the obtaining of this object, and which would be very burdensome during the first years. In cases of war, especially is those which would most prOhably occur during the tito Meet tars, the Republic would be afek to elude the effects of the neat Haslet and vigorous hostility which an enemy is capable of making. -11 y Article 9, the blockade was to be raised in 24 boars alter the raid& catien, and holitlitjes against the subject? of the empire might be prosecuted at sailor eighty days more. The Republic was thus immediately relieved from the most sericite injury which the ~toy could inflict upon it, sod yet it would note obliged to restore the pi iz e isahich, during, so long a period, might .he taken. Article 10 stipulates the, term withiu which the co,ersntion was to be ratifieds and the place of exchatige,—both sdpulations calculated to enable the Republic to enjoy as speedily as possible the effects of a peace supposed to be necessary. It results Num this analysis—lst. That the preliminary conven tion contains no article by which the essential rightf uf the nations are compromised. "fiat it presents impnnact advantages. 3d.. That if the Republic does not obtain the whole object - of the Warp as little does the empire preserve all the tights which it claimed and exercised before the war. Conventions and treatks far more onerous have been concluded by nations most jealous of their glary, when they have considered them calculated to prevent dander to their national existence, to obtain great benefits, or to gain a more advantageous position. That a treaty is only advantageous or dis advantageous according to the circumstances under which it is rati- Owl, and the respective situations of those who conttacx it; is are. calved doctrine among all nations, aqd is supported by consmon 'sense. To do the best that is po•sibk, is elocution the duty of every '.filiniater, and he is responsible for what he does. The preliminary convention has been partially judged. All those puints.have been fastened upon which were calculated to stir up national aohno.sily, and every one censures the Minister for having acceded to them; but few have inquired what were the circumstances tidier which that Minister was sent to rrgociate, and this is precisely the tiolot which ought to be taken into consideration s I well put UM case hypothetically. Suppose our disasters to have bees such that only one or two provinces of the Republic could support the burden of the war that the other provinces could nut er froth not assist thefts; that from some powerful motive, whitever it might hey instead of aididt they opposed theist: if the treasury and reloarceswine en tirely exhausted, credit utterly ruined, the niktionsi audit/fiats die. obeyed, accused, and insulted, and the army participiting in these disorders, anti wasting itself even by itk out- any hope of iniproveiuent—if for these - reissent x peebr or a ince were indispensably necessary to sive the courant,' front the last degree of degradation in such an extremity a (Winn, sufficiently,patriotie to take upon himself the dangeromi task,of pe. satiating a peace which could nut be glorious, should pqaerit the lereliminary tunvention, would* be just to reject it es irritimPrsili:e, disgraceful, and subversive of the essential interests ortlkftititile ? Would it be fair to criminate the negotiator, who, fully understand. log his country's interests, should conclude a peace unier such cir cumstances, risking only his personal reputation, arid rio way comprontisilig the Government? But let it be further suppostd, that during the absence of the Plenipotentiary, decisive viieurlev, powerful allies; and abundant resources had been-obtained; that the most cordial union among the provinces of the Republic, the most exalted enthusiasm in the inhabitants, and unlithited'confi detiee in the national authorities and chiefs of the army, should have entirely chauged the situation of the Republic—in such a ease, should the preliminary ••conventien be accepted? Perhaps nut 'lle Government would see whether such a convention, which had been advantageous in the disastrous situation of the ouuutryswould be disadvantageous in its bettered condition. It might be r e erred, not as being odious, degrading,ond destructive of the hieour and existence of the nation, but as disadvantageotts, coosiderleititt circumstances of the Repeblic. 'The citizens, unmindful:in their past misfortunes, and thinking only of .their present prosperity, might censure the plenipotentiary, and lie deaf to the argon tent; in his defence ; but they would scarcely cant *their initialer •so far as 'to impute to him the worst of climes. The Plenipotentiary' cluaged to negotiate the peace with Brasil, under circumstances perhaps the most critical th.t the Rem*lie ever presented, conceived that be could not satisfy the confidence reposed In him by the Government, nor fulfil the expectatiore of • . the country, if be did not hazard even his personal repetailonln ne. gotiating the 'cessation of hostilities, and signing a eftertiden that might be of the utmost impel twice to the welfare of die nation, and which did not impose any obligation on the Government till after its ratific.tion: I repeat once more, that the 63Vt rnment was placed under no tizgagettlect. A treaty of peace, a preliminary convention, dried by jilenipotentiaries„ does not bind the respective Gofern. meals for whom it it negotiated, after it has been attentively examined and formally ratified. The engagements entered into by the negotiators are to be regarded as merely conditional promises until aftet the act of ratification. Besides, a preliminary conven tion, even after being solemnly ratified, is will a provisional treaty. he principal object Is to obtain a cessation of hostilities, and to fie bases fore definitive treaty. If this do not take place, the conven tion or preliminary treaty falls to the ground. Unhappily, with re gard to the present convention, die fundamental question has not been examined, without the examination . of Which it Is impossible to judge properly of transaction of this nature. •!'here Wanly one case in which the Republic ought to take nu counsel but of its costrageoind in which no treaty or convention it admissible ; and that is, whet) the essential rights of the nation are attacked. As, for example, if a powerild - neighbour should' attempt to subjugate the Republic..—. With the exception of such CMS, it Debugs to the discretion of Governments to decide. They are hotrod to sacrifice every thing .to the existence of the nation. To preserve the ltepublic, to avoid greater cvirs by kpoydai boiv to nuke war and negytiate is stioul eon ated int k u . tet an II Sell:bra the e and erap tn ir d7e. u tr e 3 r t Vtat wba n t , It mi ever csrpre tened to, then . was .abiolstely necessary to adopt wen and difficult must be the situation of somber coorse ; nor hed I the resou r ce of temporizing. *Weaved to it proper. Or if the kaiperor wee. to aim? i who finds himself obliged to defend because of the .danger 'Which delay presented in the -military weapirtm -et-the province %mdse. etrinmstaticc ep t bar t . ea those which b Pte a b fa a v yw our b a o ble ri ez t iou t e o w in...t ell:tyr e. . et in public,' and to proclaioi to the sitiation of the Republic, and because the Eapperar, s which might to be deliberated upon. .resbiog with zeal into the war, Could nor 'suffer the seater renounced, unconditionally all g right, the new emirs et. But such is the situation is which. reeurretwessf uncertainties *NA might neutralitte the stare !fitted in the Birds Mental might dispose of itself with rho :laced. lam bound to reason trinity measures he Ward to carry into effect. In seek a state wine Independence at the Repubne WAS to have di posed a ir...;. , nthusiasm,and I caq not in my defence of thins there !reStilsed noshing for the negutipror to 1 :Ilbe rideleinarY C°". 5111111 * the RcPetat lost . Illitaki al ..,..7. . .___, tbat if ~004 baubcaln no taking up ems; but it. Alps HT U the resources whi.o - tltalOil . . AlikeVirn. it Hi 411114iiii.•.- U 4ba• dativeteim.a. 4 g ‘i t tb ou t i g oiri to th e p rov i nce of m ,--even in this extreme case, I Owe to leer ' the principal object of his mild n Was defeated ben e fit s p os sibl e f or It to . and if, obtain • In doing this, t ijil t :rice which is necessary in several int- and he might ccnipromi.e the national existence. If he .bas ryes compromised its existence, no one could defy . slat it Sad I, however, willingly resigb myself did negotiate, kJ - allowed of course that he must depart m br rably its its t n il o gatrti n i a :il3C, it h w ed it arrived at dm bou ed ndar a the full confidence that my coentry- from the letter of his insttucti-ins, and put to hazsrsi his yam By y artic y le SJ, the Republic eZa b ges ni to withdraw e id_ arrr/ Nen t the maxim of one of the most illus- tranquillity and personal reputation.. This considera the O,j.ntal province, and reduce it to the peace est,thlishnSot.— tor Congress—it that to deliberate and tion was oat to be disregarded wiles' ag' and national The Judge who is to decide upon the peace establidirient Is n‘t . - . . • . ._ a „.•'. tr. w —. V, • -;., . - ' • • • - 7 rk.. ! " *tl44 • -• . - .... %„„. .. • ',l'. ' 1 . • . ... 4 , 341 .4, 01 1,A.-...416.. .• s , 4.• .. r` . .%4••• •: -irria tat I •`I . . ':: .. .1 ,; ••• . 'AL .• _ . wail myself of all of ft me, betake, my eruntry a silence which is necessary portant points. 1, however, willingly resio , to this sacrifice, in the full confidence that my country men will recollect the maxim of one of the mo.t illus trious ()yawls of our Congress—" that to deliberate and =solve in political affairs, it is necessary to have the heart in the head." Two charges are made against me : the first, 44 the having acted contrary to the tenour of my instructions ;" the second, 4. the having signed a convention not only ignominious, but injurious to the essential rights of the nation." These are the two points to Which my defence shall be directed.- It has been considered as indisputable that a Nlinister Plenipote niary cannot at any . time or under any cir cumstances depart from the teat of his instructions, whatever be the evil which he may avoid, or the beae. fits l-e may hope to auain. It is added, that such a conduct is unexampled in the history of diplomacy.—. Tnefe propositions are taken for granted as principles by my accusers, and form a dogma with the multitude. The whole, however, is founded in error. There are Cases in wl,ich a negotiator may refuse That which his instructions have directed him to concede; in which he may grant what he is imperatively ordered to re fuse; and mai consent to modifications which he is not expressly authorised to make. These cases are not-new in history. Among many which I might adduce, 1- shall select two: The first 'occurred to Martiny, Bishop of Elne. who was sent by Louis XI King of France, to negotiate a truce with Edward IV. King of England. Martiny concluded the twee, but departed from two express ar ticles of his instructions. Louis XI. being highly dis pleased with his conduct, put him ea his. trial before the Parliament. Martiny defouled himself by saying that what the King had verbally tecommended to him was to obtain peace with England ; that without de parting from the two points specified in his instructions, it was impossible to obtain it, mad that he chase t ather to expose himself to the disgrace of having his conduct reproached for giving the Kng the time necessary to r:cover himself,. than to lose without resource the object of his mission. The Parliament acquitted Martiny. The second cassis that of the Spanish Plenipotentiary, Count diAr 'oda, who, finding that the peace, which WAS negotiating ittthe year 1782, between Spain,France, and England, depended solely upon the restoration of Gibraltar, which was made a sine qua non by his Ce tholtc Majesty, took upon himself to declare, in tt‘e name of his Sovereign, that he renounced Gibraltar, and accepted in its stead thefloridasltorn France, not withstanding that this was in contradiction to the most imperative and absolute instructions. Count d'Aranda thus exposed himself to the disfavour of his Court; but by this transica ri he merited to rank among the men who have rendered themselves most illustrious in the career of diplomacy. Other cases of the same kind may be seen, Wrquefort, book ii. sec. 5. Unquestionably such eases must be allowed to be extraordinary. A Minister Plenipotentiary tan never so compromise himself without being thoroughly in formed of the ideas of his Government—of the state of, its political systern—o! the position and the interests of Abe country_ nhich he represents. Farther, a Plenipo tiary cannot depart from the letter of his instructions to agree to any thing which may compromise the essential rights of the nation. It is alone for die pot-. pose of having those rights that he may depart from the letter of his instructions for in such case their letter 'must be held to be contrary to their spirit, and to the essential object of the oegociation; for it must here be recollected that the first duty of a Government is to sacrifice every thing to the national existence, and never to sacrifice that existence to any thing, however grand, noble, or glorious it may appear to be. Let us now apply this doctrine: The essential object of the mission of the Plenipoten tiary to the COurt of Braail was peace, or the immediate cessation of hostilities. The pen refuses to sketch the picture of the Republic at that time. It is sufficient to say, that it was such that the Government believed it to be threatened' with dissolution if peace were not imme diately made. I was sent to treat upon a basis which was rejected by the Emperor of Brazil, but it was ne cessary that peace should be promptly negociated. I shall not stop to detail the reasons which rendered' this proceeding urgent. They may be considered as included in the propositions confided to me by the Pre sident of the Republic and his Ministry, at she time of my departure:—" Peace is the only starting point of both sides. If the war continue, anarchy is inevitablet if we cannot obtain peace, we must resign ourselves'to vassalage. Since the Republic has agreed that titO Banda Oriental should be separated, and form an inda pendent state, the war has no longer any object:' I strongly felt the immense confidence which was placed in me, by iturusting me with the negotiation of peace under such circumstances, and at the same time could not conceal front myself the tremendous dangers in which the situation of men and things placed me.— Nevertheless, I yielded to my destiny, and departed, full of the idea that peace woeld be an essential benefit to the Republic for repairing its losses, and for its ex- On my arrival at the Court of Brazil, I found that the difficulties which were previously of a most serious nature had vastly increased. Three days anterior to my arrival, the Emperor of Brasil bad solemnly de clared before the assembled Chambers his determi- , • i - 1 1 ' , .