Star. — London, England, 1830-12-15 00:00:00

IirETING OF THE BIIDDLESEX FREEHOLDERS, (THIS DAY-BY EXPRESS.) fhis being the day appointed for the meeting of the Free - .!ders at the Mermaid, Ilackney, for the purpose of taking .uto consideration tho alarming state of the country, the i..tresses of the working classes, the oppressive weight of t ivition, the defective state of the representation of the l eople in Parliament, and to adopt such resolutions and peti tions as might be thought proper with reference to these sub ,ects, a very numerous body of persons assembled is early as half-past ten o'clock. The placards announced .hat the chair would be taken at eleven o'clock precisely, ;Kit it was after that hour before the gentlemen who were to conduct the meeting arrived. The Chair was taken at twelve o'clock by Mr. Sheriff M n Kenn r. r.. There were present Mr. IlumE, M.P. Mr. BvNG, M.P. Mr. Youmo, ,lid the most influential persons in the county. The follow :: Resolutions were submitted to the Meeting, and I.;7eetl to : Resolved-1. That the distress amongst all the productive classes of the community has for some time past been gradually increasing, and has at length arrived at such an extreme as to be no longer borne ; and that this meeting views, with deep and anxious concern, the present tgitated and alarming condition of the country ; and it is of opinion, that the eturages which have been already committed, threaten the :omplete demruction of all the bonds of civilized society. szcAvrmy —That the principal causes of these evils are -I,t. The maladministration of the Poor Laws.' Monopolies which fetter. the trade and industry of the Country. 3i. Tythcs, which prevent the application of capital and labour to Land. 4 h. The excessive amount of Taxation, for the maintainence of enomuyte and useless Establishments, and for the payment of unme rited Pensions and Sinecures. And the greet and ultimate cause of these evils is the influence which :be aristocracy of rank and wealth unlawfully exercise in returning Members to sit in the Commons House of Parliament ; and it is the opinion of this Meeting that all their grievances can only he remedied by causing the representatives to be chosen in such a manner that the raliament :Ilan deserve to possess the confidence of the people. 3. That no House of Commons will deserve the confidence of re people, until the right of suffrage be extended to all household:Js ying taxes and parochial rates s until each member of the Commons ilouie be chosen by a proportionate body of electors: until the dura. ...In of Parliament be materially shortened : nor until each elector, titl•out lois, or fear of private loss or gain, be allowed to vote by for that man to sit in Parliament whom he conscientiously be- litres co be the most eligible. 4. That it is the unalterable opinion of this meeting, that the country can only be secured against a continuance of the existing evils, and t i tsinet the still more dreadful evils of a civil war, by effecting an riecli4te reform in the mode of electing the Members of the House of Commons. 5. That petitions, embodying these resolutions, be presented to both llonqes of Parliament ; and that the petitions now read be adopted, and z•hcrifr be requested to sign them on behalf of this meeting. G. That the Earl of Radnor and Lord King be requested to present Le petition to the House of Lords ; and that Mr. Byng and Mr. Hume, 'he county members, be requested to present the petition to the House Commons, and support its prayer. The CHAIRMAN addressed the meeting, and stated the purpose for .1.i;11 they had met this day, and having intimated that counter reso. !allots might probably be read to them, strongly recommended to the Jniversal body assembled, the giving a patient bearing to all parties. The business of the day was proceeding when our Reporter left. NAVAL INTELLIGENCIC. MAILS Awe= Tiw Dmr—Dublin. I ; Waterford, 1; France, 1. Arrived at noylake, the Mary, Cowbro, from Sears ; Indus, from laranhain ; Ann, from Bahia ; and Edward, Reed, from St. John's, Xew Brunswick. The Harrington, of Whitebaven, was lost onWest Hoyle on Sunday. The Thomas, Jones, from London to Liverpool. ran nn shore near Fishguard on Sunday, but was expected to be got off. The Robert Fulton, from New York to Liverpool, was fallen in with 23d October, in lat. 42. long. 30. with loss of mixen-mast, and leaky, and intended to go to Fayal. The Luna, —, from Portsmouth to Nantes, wa■ lost nff Conquet previous to the 9th inst. The John Kerr, Allen, from London to Bristol, sunk on Sunday night nue Beachy Head, having run on board the Joseph and Ann, Reed, from Limerick to London, which sustained considerable da mage, and saved the crew of the John Kerr. DIAL, Drc. 14.—Wind W N.W. light breeze.—Arrived the Jane, Doe, from Halifax. Porrsasoura, Dze. 14.—Wind W. light. FALIIOUTII, Mc. 15. —Wind variable, light airs.—Sailed the Spbynx packet, for the Brazils. RAIISOATII, Uu. 14.—Arrived the Jane and Susan, Harvey, from Figueira. Doves, Dec. 14.—Arrived off the port, the Europe, Barlach, and Orbit, Fish, from Baltimore ; and St. Nicholay, Christie, from Lisbon. Ha muss, Dec. 13.—A barque is at anchor at t h e b ac k of the Plat .ers, leaky, having been in contact with a vessel. DAaTMOUTH, Dec. 13.—Arrived the Melby, Eden, from Pernam buco. Benernt, Dec. 14.—Arrived the Hugh Johnston, —, from New Brunswick liormizsb, Dec. 13.—Arrived off the port. the Miry, from Ma ranham ; Hogarth, from Charleston; and the Tuscarora, from Phi ladelphia. i.t;IMPOOL, Dec. 15.—Arrived off the p rt, the Arcturus. and Or well', from Quebec; Florida, from New York ; Rose, from New ; Canopas, from Malaga ; and Ariadne, from Petersburg!). Duet tu, Dec. 13.—Arrived the Dem . Douga• , front Deme rara; Veronica. Lee, hom St. John's, N.B. and Tres Amigos, --, from St. Übe's. PINBANCE, Dec. ;s.—The Ebenezer, front Bahia, was this morning hove off the shore, and moored in safety within the pier, The dis charging of the cargo is continued; the two lower tiers are in safety. SPIRIT OF THE JOURNAL& Tints.—The accounts of the Polish insurrection in the official Ga. :ette ut' Berlin confirm, without any important additions, our previous inforn:ation. The state of Warsaw on the Ist inst. would appear to have been extraordinary and unprecedented. The Polish Troops of the Emperor and King had overpowered at.d expelled Isis Russian troops, while they still pretended to preserve their allegiance to their common Sovereign,—the Polish Provisional Government, which had been established under the name of a New Council of Administration, had deposed the authorities of the Emperor in the Emperor's name, and the citizens were called to form themselves into civic guards to ward Erlanger, while nothing menaced them but military violence from those itu.s!anit whom their government called their fellow -subjects. Nicholas I. King of l'oland, is thus at war with Nicholas 1. Emperor of Russia. The subjects of the King of Poland expel the brother of the Emperor, And kill him generals, without committing any act of revolt against his Puliali majesty. His Polish majesty's authority turned against himself, as the troops of King Charles 1. were conquered by the parliamentary force in the king's name ! This equivocal Stale of matters must soon The provisional government has made no declaration of independence, but it cannot long resist the Emperor in the Emperor's hum. The first despatches from St. l'ettreburgh must inform the Poles whether they are rebels or good subjects,-- whether they or the Russians are to he masters in Warsaw,- whether the Grand Duke Con. •I.4ntine, or one of the Provisional Government, is to be Viceroy,— ,ind whether they are to gain their independence without fighting ; or, in order to regain their char..cter of a nation, must undergo the baptism :Jr lire. They moat well have considered their own influence and the feel .igs of their countrymen, before they staked their heads on thisenterprise. they ought to act with promptitude, as they can gain nothing from le s lay, and with vigorous opposition, as they can expect little from sub- They have enraged the Court of St. Petetsburgh, as much by mrtrpowering the Russian troops, and calling out the civic guards, after the manner of the Belgians, as they can do by boldly proclaiming their independence. Half measures cannot secure their pardon from the Emperor, while they must damp the ardour and paralyse the energies of their countrymen. Cnnowtct.c.—Lord King, on presenting & petition front Southamp ton, complaining of the grievance of tithes, pointed out in a forcible manna several of the evils interwoven with this burden, which it is eel. dent will not be home much longer by the country. It is well known, we believe, that there is a determination throughout the country to have this question now determined once for all, and that In most places the labourers have in reality been directly or indirectly encouraged by the farmers. If such be the cue, as is generally believed by well informed persons, punishment becomes unavailing. Lord King oh. served, also, that to the Tithe System we are indebted for that demoralization of the agricultural labourers which threatens the country with consequences that we dread to contemplate. The Bishop of London, alluding to the vehement attacks which had lately been made upon the system of tithes, observed, 44 Why that sort of property should be attacke more than other property in land. which, as well as tithes, were possessed only by virtue of the laws (hear.) he could not explain, unless it were because the Clergy, of whom they were the property, were the weaker party." His Lordship might, with. out the exercise of much ingenuity, have discovered that tithes are at. tacked, because they are a species of property hurtful to the enjoyment of property in general ; that other property is not attacked, because it is the object of the law to protect property : but that as property is the crea ture of the law, the law, to answer its object, ought not to sanction the existence of a species of property injurious to property in general. The law made the Church of England ; the same law may unmake it, and give another destination to the property now held by that Church. The Clergy are Servants of the State, whom the State continues to employ, as It employs soldiers and other function. aries. Soldiers were formerly paid in land, as well as Clergymen ; and at that time land and the produce of land were the usual modes of re quiting services. But in the present state of the world there can be no reason for continuing a burdensome mode of paying one description of servants of the State, merely because it is established. Besides, one. tenth par of the produce of the soil is somewhat too much for those who merely minister to the spiritual wants of a nation. Taking the population of England at 16 millions, this would be giving to the clergy of the Church of England food equal to the support of sixteen hundred thousand of that population. We know well enough that part of the tithes is in Lay hands, and we know also that the clergy do not in many cases receive anything like the tenth. But this very moderation leads to great evils. Men take leases, and embark money on the faith of this moderation; when a fresh incumbent, by raising his demands, involves them in ruin. The tenth of the gross produce would often absorb more than the rent. With respect to the distribution of the Church Revenues, that is a question which must also be dealt with. The question which immediately is the permanent settlement of tithes, by converting them into a fixed corn rent, so that the cultivation of the country may not be Impeded. As to the going on pari paws with the landholders, it is well observed by Lord King, that the proportion of rent to the produce of the soil was conatantly diminishing. For the sake of that Church itself which the Bishop of London declares to have ever been the pride of Protestant Europe, a mode of payment must be devised which shall not spread vice and demoralization wider and wider through the country. They are the true friends of the Church who wish to fret' it front the curse of its present unpopularity. POST.-At the date of the last accounts from Poland, National Guards to a considerable amount were already organized ; and in aid of the Polish troops it was calculated that at least 30,000 of the inliabi- ' tants were in arms. The " Powers that be," if we are to credit their professions, are anxious only for the return of peace and good order ; and we have no wish to question the sincerity of their official declara tions in this respect. We shall content ourselves by merely observing, that if they are really sincere in their professions, their sentiments are alike creditable to their prudence and wisdom, and in their ten. dency the best calculated to serve the real interests of the country. lf, on the contrary, it should appear that with affected loyalty on their tongues, there is deep disaffection in their hearts—that their real stimulus is revolution unprovoked by circumstances—and that treacherous and ruinous designs are concealed under the specious cloak of Patriotism—then do we not hesitate to pronounce them the worst ene mies of Poland. They must in that case be either the dupes of delu sion the most dangerous, or the willing instruments of a faction lately sprung up in Europe with purposes the most abominable, and utterly destructive of the peace and happiness of mankind—Senseless indeed must they be, if for a single moment they contemplate the possibility of effectual resistance to the gigantic force of Russia, independently of the other great Powers by whom they are immediately surrounded ; and if they are at all actuated by love of country, they ought, if they are capable of correctly thinking, seriously to consider the dreadful inflic tion which their misconduct and revolutionary designs are calculated to bring upon the State. _ HERALD.—There have been two declarations of the Duke of Wel lington, which betray a spirit so hostile to the peace of this country, and to that of Europe, as makes it appear exceedingly fortunate, or, rather, providential, that public opinion drove him front power at the time it did. The one was his direct and unqualified reprobation of the brave and noble people of the capital of France, in resisting, even to death, the foulest attempt, on the part of a treacherous court and corrupt ministry, to convert a constitutional monarchy into a despotism of which modern history affords any example. The other, the unjust and useless con. demnation of the procession of the Trades' Societies of London to present a loyal and dutiful address to the king—coupled as that condemnation was, with the opinion that the procession ought to have been stopped—a mea. sure which, if attempted, would have most probably led to such calamitous results as London would long have had occasion to mourn. As to the re. probation of the conduct of the French people, whose heroic defence of their rights hie Grace stigmatized as a " bad example " to Europe, we should like to know why, entertaining that opinion of the revolution in July, and being Prime Minister of England at the time, he, with the utmost precipitancy, advised his Sovereign to recognise as legitimate the new Government founded upon that revolution—thereby giving additional force to the " bad example," which makes the royal pupils of the school of Machiavel tremble on their thrones ? Was that recognition sincere ? or was it only designed to serve some ulterior purpose ? In the former case is his conduct now ! In the latter, how unlike the honest frankness of an English statesman, and a soldier was his conduct then ? Ile may fix himself on whichever born of the dilemma he pleases. As to the outcry of the ex-51inistert, and acme of their parasites in Parliament and the Common Council, against the present Government for allowing the Trades' Societies to proceed peaceably with their Address to the King through tile streets of the Metropolis, it, no doubt, arose from their consciousness that it opc. rated as a most convincirg ptectical exposure of the folly of the advice given by the ex. Ministers to the Sovereign, to prevent hint entering his own capital on an occasion which would have brought him in contact with an immense body of his subjects, only to prove to the jealous and alarmed tyrants of the Continent how secure, how popular, how unas sailable, in an age of revolutions, a Constitutional 'Monarch can be in the midst of his people. As to the illegality of the procession, let us see what that is. The Act of the I:1th Car. 11. cap. 5, sap, " that not more than twenty names shall be signed to any petition or remonstrance to the King or either House of Parliament for the al. tcration of any matters established by law in Church or State, and that no such petition shall he delivered by a company of more than ten persons" Did the Address of the Trades' Societies come under the description of a petition or remonstrance to alter any matters established in Church or State ? We believe not. if we recollect right, it cx. pressed the loyal sentiments of the addressers to the King, condemned the conduct of the ex. Ministers in preventing his Majesty from meet. ing his faithful people in the City, and prayed for an inquiry into the public distress. But, even If it did pray for the alteration of matters established by law in Church or State, the Act had become ob solete by modern practice, like many other old and tyrannical penal laws passed in arbitrary reigns, and unsuited to the genius of a free State. There was not a Member of Parliament, of either House, of any standing, who had not been accessary to its vio lation, from time to time, by presenting petitions with more than twenty names signed, for the alteration of matters established byllaw, in church and state. Besides, this set of Charles 11. was pearled at a time when Parliament seemed to think itself constituted for little else than to re. gister the ordinances of a despotic court. To the credit of the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel themselves, we believe they have often proved that they considered it obsolete, by presenting petitions with more than twenty signatures. Why then should they reproach the pre sent ministers for not subjecting themselves to the odium, and the nation to the peril, of reviving this obsolete statute, as against the peaceable and loyal Trade Societies in London, whose object in presenting an Address at all was to evince their affection to the person of the Sovereign, and to express their reliance upon his disposition to redress the grievances of his people ? ASIATIC JOURNAL. PAINURY. ALLEN, AND CO. We are indebted to that valuable periodical, the Asiatic Jaunted — the last number of which preserves its spirit, and abounds with im portant matter—foe the following reports of the proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, and the French Academy of Sciences:— ASIATIC SOCIETY OF CALCUTTA.-At the meeting of the Phy sics' Committee of this Society held on the 30th June, Sir Edward Ryan, the President, in the Chair; the following donations were made :—A specimen of the Ornithoryncus Parodoxus, from Van Die men's Land, in good preservation, by Dr. Adam. A cross bow and quiver of arrows, with a specimen of the poison used for the snows, from Captain Bellew, who states that such poisoned snows are used by certain tribes of bill in the Honing ; but cannot afford any in formation relative to ZPitr:te Honing from which it is taken. It was resolved to transfer the packet of poison to the Medical and Physical Society, in the hope that some of its members may be induced to investigate its nature. An extract of a letter was read from Mr. Scott, agent for the 00. vernor.tleneral on the N.B. frontier, to Mr. Swinton, dated Churra Poongee, 12th June, is which Mr. Scott describes his visit to the cave in the neighbourhood, and the precise situation of certain curious stalagmitie balls found on the door thereof, some no larger than a pea, and some as large as a cauliflower; but the most numerous of the site and shape of a custard apple. Two letters from Dr. Gerard were transferred from the General Se cretary, who stated that a collection of mineral epecinsens referred to i 5 them hod wired when it was resolved that a Committee be ap pointed to examine sad report wpm the minerals at the next meeting, to oensist of Mr. Calder, Capt. Herbert, Captain Jenkins, Dr. Adam, and Mr. Rosa Dr. Strong's paper on boring for fresh water springs—read at the last general meeting of the Society, was transferred by the General Secre. tary to the Physical Committee, and after some discussion on the sub ject of the borings now carried on in Fort William, it was resolved that Dr. Strong and Mr. Ross be requested to report to the next genera mating of the Society the progress made in the recent borings in :he Fort, and the probable expense that may attend the prteectitien of the work to the attainment of the desired object. There were received from Dr. Hardie, of Oudypore, a paper on the Geology of the country to the eastward of Cluton—Sketch of section of the strata between Neemuch and 31eintah, neat Oudypore, with explanations--Sketch Map of the northern part of Megmaw, with ex tracts from an accompanying letter; Supplement to the Sketch of the Geology of Central India, dec. The reading of these was deferred to another meeting. FIIEN Cli AcAnEwr or BclawcEs.—As the meeting of the 25th October, 31. Person read a memoir on a Galvanometer, of his Leo.- don, by means of which the existence of currents, however weak, aad of the shortest duration, may be certainly detected. One of the first experiments made by him with this instrument, was to ascertain whe ther galvanic electricity, which acts so powerfully after death in pro ducing convulsions, be not the agent employed by natute ,to create the regular motions of life. Since Galvani's discovery, in 1789, a great number of philosophers have endeavoured to establish a theory of the nervous system, considered as an electrical apparatus; but none have succeeded. The rec e nt th eor y o f 31 essrs . P revost an d Emu, however, appeared so ingenious. that the idea of electrical currents in the nerves has acquired many partizans. With the view of obtaining a positive solution of the question, Al Pawn undertook a series of experitnents on living animals, which he varied in a number of ways, employing in struments of extreme delicacy, adapted to shew the existence of currents of an almost infinitely short duration; yet he in no case duccied the slightest indication of electricity. The result has led Al. Person to regard the hypothesis of electrical currents in the nerves as devoid of foundation ; and he supports his opinion by the following arguments :-- " Not even the slightest indication of electricity has ever been de tected in any part whatever of the nervous system, although the uttsns employed must have detected it if it existed, since it is demonstrutsd by actual experiment, that the electric currents must have passed from the nerves to metals, which are better conductors. • •tExperiments proving that the nerves are not better conductors of electricity than the muscles, it is obvious that a current can remain in the nerves only so long as their envelope is au isolating body, win seas it is proved by a multitude of experiments to be incapable of isolating the feeblest currents ; so that a current in a nerve, instead of folios :rig its ramifications, would pass into the muscles, as soon as the latte atibrded a shone, passage. This accounts for the irregularity observe able in galvanic experiments. When a nerve of motion is pincltd, drawn, or cauterized, the muscles in which it is distributed become convulsed ; a current acts the same without the need of proceeding the whole extent of the nerve ; contractions take place, however small the extent the nerve be traversed ; only, since electricity dots not destroy the organ, the effect may be frequently repeated. If the results of ex perience arc attended to, it will be seen that a nerve of motion, during life and during the period whilst irritability lasts, is in such a state, that whatever abruptly alters the relative position of its molecules, may occasion a contraction : so that the action of electricity upon the rents must be temporarily assimilated to that of mechanical or chemical stimulants. " It is true that the experiments of Walsh, D'Humboldt, Guy. I.ussac, Fah'berg, and others, have removed all doubt of the commotion imparted by the torpedo and the gymnota being attributable to elec tricity ; but if the organ peculiar to these fibres generate the electric fluid, it is not thence to he inferred that the nervous system performs the same office, since its organization is altogether different." The new instrument of M. Person will clear up many doubtful points in the natural history of electric fishes. On the 4th October, Baron d Humboldt, in person, presented to the Academy his work on the direction of the chains of mourtair.s in the interior of Asia, and on the volcanos existing there. Messrs. Abel itemusat and Klaproth were the first to remark, on the credit of Chinese and Japanese manuscripts, the existence of these volcanos, distant 400 or 000 leagues from the sea. M. d'Hurnboldt, in his travels to the Ural, has collected additional particulars relating to the same subject, and Pas fully established the existence of volcanos situated much more to the north than those previously known. M. d'llumboldt remarks, further, that the Caspian sea, having evidently extended formerly over a much greater space than it does at present, the volcanic m ounta i ns o f Asia were in different circumstances than they are at present: The chart accompanying the work exhibits a table of the heights of the principal chains there described. It is well known that two individuals who accompanied M. :Mum boldt in his.; journey to the Ural, Count Pallier, and Mr. Smith, discovered diamonds in the soil brought down to the foot of this chain. Eight diamonds were found, in a short space of time, but winter coining on, the search was suspended. During the summer, the exploration re commenced, and seven more diamonds have been found. There is every appearance that more will be discovered as they go on, for this district which, like that of Minas Gerahes in Brazil, contains gold and platina, teems to resemble it in every other respect. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, DEC. 14. The Earl of SHAFTESBURY presented a petition from Dalkeith, against the duty on Coals carried coastwise. Lord WYNFORD presented a petition from Clakenwell, against Negro Slavery. Several other petitions to the same effect were presented by other noble lords. JEWS. Lord BEXLEY presented a petition front his Majesty's natural born subjects of the Jewish persuasion in the city of London, praying to be relieved front civil disabilities. The noble lord supported the petition. and observed, that in most countries of Europe the civil rights of the Jews were now respected. It was not his fntention to tale any steps upon the petition. as he understood the subject was to be brought up again before the other house of parliament. The petition was read, and laid on the table. TITHES. Lord KING said he bad a petition to present from the inhabitants of Southampton and its vicinity respecting a grievance of the worst descrip tion. The petitioners complained of tithes, and as he then sew three or four reverend lords on their Bench, he should take the opportunity of stating several things which he should he unwilling to state in their absence. It could not be unknown to their lordships, that throughout the country the people complained of tithes and the great pressure of taxa tion. When a noble lord in the other house (Lord Castlereagh) said there was an ignorant impatience of taxation, that impatience, ignorant as it was, led to the reduction of seven millions of taxes. In the same man ner would the impatience of tithes lead to the overthrow of the tithe system. (Hear.) Every one who looked at the state of the coon. try knew that the farmers, so fat from discouraging the disorderly mobs, rather encouraged them, and it was well known they would not lend their assistance, as special constables, for th e p ur p ose et putt i ng down disturbances. The cause of this apathy was tithes. The farmers would do nothing until relieved front that oppressive system. This dissatis faction on the subject of tithes was noticed last year, when the right rev. relate brought in a bill for commutation of tithes ; but like the non-con tonmst, he was too late. The bill did n o t p ass . S uc h a measure might have be en useful many years ago, but it would onswer no beneficial purpose at the present day. Mr. Pitt had • plan in the year 1798 or 1799, rot converting tithes into three pet cents. and had it been carried into effect, there would have been a permanent law on the subject. Those persons who observed the disputes on the subject of tithes at the present day, must say some permanent measure was necessary. Something must be resorted to far the purpose of protecting the farmer against the minister, or sleeping partner coming in, and taking away the prod u c e o f his land. There were few things which might not be turned into good by the ingenuity of man, but no Divine had yet been able to prove that tithes were good for the people of England. Some, indeed. had said, that tithes, being a commodity, the consumption of the same was advantageous, but the noble lord was not of that opinion. If the consumer gave an equivalent, it would be for the gind of the grower. Tithe was a tax en gross produce, and whether it could be justified was a question he left to the rulers of the Chutch. In the opinion of many, clergymen and landlords were wolves and tigers and tithes a public nuisance. The noble lord was convinced the hardship fell upon the landlord and the consumer, by preventing an increase of supply. It was also injurious to the public, in as much as the tithe system prevented the improvement of capital by cultivation of land. A tenth of produce was taken before the cultivator could derive any benefit from his ground. He had observed that the cultivated lands in France were worse than the lands in England. The tithe was taken away in France, consequently a farmer had some encouragement to work bad soil. The noble lord did not think a mere commutation of tithes at the present day would do any good. There ought to be a permanent fixed settlement of tithes, on the principle of the settlement made in Scotland, in the reign of 1% Wiens and Mazy. He said nothing about bad blood and bad feeling produced by the present tithe system. The Clergy had long since turned a deaf ear to that part of the objections •' but something ought to be done for the and quietude of the Clergy and their parishioners. If the hartt e r=lting Clergy required more support, they should have it out of the lands of Deans and Chapters ; all that sort of lumber was useless, and should he removed. They were rejected by the reformed clergy of England. The noble lord concluded by laying his petition on the table. The ARCHBISHOP of CANTERBURY did sot wish to follow the noble lord through his observations neving tithes and the oiliest of the church. He rose to say, the bill to w hich the noble lord alluded sod which was too late last Session to receive the sanction of their ships, he should bring in again during the ensuing ilessiee. The Bishop of LONDON admitted that the agricultural pegtsbike had bees long sneering, but that suffering was not peed seed by tithes. He attributed it to the goal-administration of the poor laws. There had also been a cheate in manners; during an artificial resperity, farmer had lived in a style of luxury which had led t' ,Ii•:T.PS fik.llllC It medy must be applied, and the remedy was, no doubt, to took from the weal. thy. The right reverend prelate denied that hats prothtt , d the evils complained of. If the farmer did not pay titt, 'to the clittrell, he mast pay more rent to his landlord. Ile did not say that tithes worked ell, but he repelled the statement made by the noble lord, thal tithes were exacted with severity. In no part of the world were tithes demand ed with so much lenity as by the Protestant clergy of Enpland. In many instances a sixth only of the tithe had been tJeen. The rev, rend prelate was also desirous of making one remark It an. sicer to the calumny uttered against the holders of church prcperly. Haring inquired into the subject, he could pledge Itimst.h . to prove, that the whole property of the Est a blished Church, if thrown into a emollient fund, would not furnish each individual menther cf that Church with a stipend of 3501. a year. When they looked at the clergy as a lentned Jody, could their lordships con.ider that mini sufficient ? ( War, hear.) That the church property might he better dirid,stl he did not ditty. Ile was one always ready to do what justice and equity quired of him: and if an arrangement could be trade to benefit the clergy generally, he could have no objection. At the same time, lie was sure the church did no: deserve the censure cast by the noble lord. The Church of Englund would stand -u it had done—the glory of the Protestants of Europe, and the best support of the Bri tish Empire. Lord KING explained. The 3larquis of ELITE defended the e.tablislwel church, and de clared, as a tithe-payer, that he paid more tithes to the lay impropriators than the clergy. The noble marquis could not admire the permanent commutation in Scotland. Ile thought it would not 311SWa itp this Country. COAT. DITTIES. Lord 11'ARNCIAFFE rose pursuant to notice to proem p petition from the City of Lordon, for a repeal of the duties on seaborne coals. This was a subject which had occupied the attention of parliament near two centuries. lie had no hesita.ion in saying, that no tax had operated worse than the tax on sea-horne coal. Coal was not n.cr'. ly a necessary of life to aarm an indtridual, tut almost ern,- oper ation in manufacture required the us,- of fire. It was then a tax on a great iteces:ary of life.. It fell partially on indisidt: , 1. . It mess also an uneipoi ('.':ti conic g to London and the south of N. wcaatle paid du:y, and coal going to Scotland paid none. Why that distinction was made he could t.ot conceive. The inequality of the duty was admitted, hot %WI they sail if they took off the coal tax some tither must be substituted to prevent combination. lit' come rded there was no 1, ar of the public suffiring by combination and monopoly. The object was to regulate the price. The noble lord called or. the ge vernment to consider whether they could not relieve the country by the abolition of this tax. The coal owners were ready to farm the dut upon terms equal to the dutics,if government would consent to such an ar range:nem, first lowering the duty. There was another circums.aace, namely, the enormous Increase of price in coal during the convey. ance front the pit's mouth. It was a remarkable fact that the public paid more for conveyance of coals to the cellars of London than th, teal coat at the pit—a timber-ship front Quebec, arriving in the river Thames, might be cleated for 101. and a ship with coals from NCIVC:111. tic could not he cleared for less than 201.—Ins hope wax that ministers would not be unmindful of this tax. The petition, which was front the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the City of Lon don, was then laid on the tahle. Earl OREV paid, the noble lord had made a clear statement as to the impolicy and partiality of flail tax- on those heads be had not much difference with his noble trietal ; but he was obliged to say as he had said before on other subjects, that during the short time he had been in office he had not had time to look to it—it was a question of immense importance, and he should feel it his duty to examine the circumstances of those disadvantages, of which the petitioners complained. With re. spect to the tax the noble tad was disposed to relieve the country at once; but under the necessity which existed for collecting a large re venue, they could not come to a hasty decision. All he could ray was, that he consideted it a subject for consideration, and tlt..t government would do their duty. Petitions to the same effect were then presented front Whit' y and Grimsby. The LORD CHANCELLOR brought in a bill for regulating the sale of agricultural produce in the public marke a of Scotland. The Colonial Validity Acts Bill on the demise of the Crown ass read a first time. The Marquis of CLEVELAND moved for ekrain returns connected with the importation of foreign had and lead ore. After a few words from Lord AUCKLAND the motion was agreed to. The Earl of GLENGALL moved for a return of the number of Bishops' Courts in Ireland, with a list of suits decided is them during the last par.—Ordered. Their Lordships then adjourned at a Quarter to Seven o'clock. HOUSE OF COMMONS, Die. 14. ITERNAM-BRIBERY ♦ND CORRUPTION. Mr. DYSON presented the evidence taken befcre the dee ion cont. mince on the Evesham petition. Ale. DUNCO MBE observed that it had appeared before the Commit. tee that there were 426 voters for the borough, and that the electors had presented one entire mass of corruption. lie was not the advocate of sweeping reform, but he could not hesitate to declare that ouch e. erupt boroughs as this one had proved to be, must be forthwith disfranchised. He regretted and complained that a new writ for this place had been issued ; it ought to have been suspended till further inquiry. TheSPEAKER obscry d that as there was no special report front the Controittee for the suspension of the writ, the coulee of stepping it was without precedent since the passing of the Grenville Act. Mr. WELLS reminded the house that corruption had bear I •oh.d against 22 electors only. Mr. NIADER IX remarked that the suspension of the writ had not been recommended by the Committee. The Marquis of CHANDOS contended that the writ ought to be res. pended. Mr. ELLICE said the discussion ought to be postponed till Thurs day, when the matter was to be consudaed. Mr. BULLER considered that the suspension of the writ would have been recommended had they deemed it advisable, but he thought there was no ground for it. Lord G. LENNOX contended that the writ ought to have been sus pended. The place was most corrupt. One elector had told him that he would not give his vote till he was paid the 101. due for the vote of 18.6. That waaa proof of the state of the borough. Ought such things to con. tinue ? Ought a writ to be issued under such circumstances ? Mr. Alderman THOMPSON expressed his astonishment at the In difference of members un this subject, after they had declared them. delves friendly to referm. Alf. ELLICE said he did not cate any thing about the horce)gh, or the writ; as a question stood for Thursday, he thought it wu aid be better to postpone the discussion till then. The SPEAKER reminded the house that the suopens4ns of the writ or aupersedras would come on more naturally and orderly on Thursday, there being a question on the report fixed for Thursday. The report was then ordered to be printed, and the further eonverea tion was postponed till Thursday. The Marq ;is of CHANDUS gave notice that on Thursday he would move that the writ ice Evesham be suspended. 1101101`Git or ISTA/dFORD. Mr. TENNYSON, at die request of Mr. Maberley, postponed till after the recess the presentation of a petition respecting the interference of the Marquis of Exeter in the election of Stamford. Mr. MADERLEY recommended conciliation between the ttnants and the noble earl as the most satisfactory measure. DUTY ON COALS. Mr. Sheriff MARSHALL presented a petition from the Corporation of the City of London, against the duty on sada Mr. Alderman WOOD moved that it be printed. He mutat do the late ministers the justice to say that a peat many of them were favour. able to the repeal. Mr. Alderman THOMPSON said the repeallwoold be of the great. est use to this metropolis, and the contemplated reductions would enable the Government to effect the repeal. Mr. Alderman WA ITHAIAN supported the petition en the like ground. fir R. WILSON said this tax WM most properly complained of—it was vexatious, oppressive, and partial. There were, however, too many oppressive and partial taxes ; but lie was ready to confess Oat he mer tio remedy except in a property tax. By no other means could taxation reach the properly of miners, misers, and absentees. To that tm he felt assured they must come, sooner or later. Mr. HUAI E said the tax was as impolitic as it was partial. More than half of it fell on Middlesex and its immediate neighboul hood. Mr. WARD strongly supported the prayer of the petition. Mr. HOBHOUSE likewise complained of the tax, as most partial ar d unjust. Mr. 1..• LEWIS said that the mast beneficial effects would is from the repeal of the City's vexatious regulations on this subject, from the adoption art the Committee's recommendation. Mr. FERGUSON said that he should support this petition; but it ought first to be ascertained how the tax was to be replaced. The tax on nap and candles ought to have preceded the repeal of the tax on beer (hear.) Mr. CAI-CRAFT and Sir M W. RIDLEY supported the nects. Sit, of repealing this tax. Petition ordered to be printed. Mr. DENISON obtained leave to bring in a bill respecting the church at St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, for enclosing the pound, are. Colonel LYOON presented a petition from Worcester, against the truck system—Ordered to be printed. Mr. PATTEN presented petitions from the trun.masten of Dudley, from Wilpirr, A& alto against the truck system. Mr. EVANS gave notice that on the 17th Feb. he would more for leave to bring la a bill so prevent the appropriation of onpuese{us Funds to Electioneering purpose.. Mr. LRADEIt presented petitions from Galway, du. praying Air the Repeal of the Union, and should gladly promote km eurrectio% and support Pagliarneatuy Itclasw.