Star. — London, England, 1827-07-12 00:00:00

TREAT? volt THE SEMENIEN or GREECE. al In the name of the Must Holy and Undivided Trinity, " His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great - Britsln and Ireland, his Majesty the King of France and Numeric, and his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russia., peeetrated with the neees. - *1 of putting an end to the sanguinary contest which, by deitver .lioup the Greek provinces and the isles of the Archipelago to all the disorders of anarchy, produces daily fresh impediments to the ~'corltmerce of the Heropean States, and glees occasion to piracies, hillieh not only expose the subjects of the High Contracting Parties considerable losers, but besides render necessary burdensome '''hilasureii of protection and repression ; his Majesty, nia • King of "life' United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; Maids Majesty ''''tbe King of France and Navarre, basing besides received, on the ' of the Greeks, a pressing request to interpose their mediation with the Ottoman Porte, and tieing, as well as his Majesty the Em peror of all the Russia;, animated by the desire of stopping the ON ' 'Atm of Mood, and of anrestitig the evils of all kinds which might arise from the continuance of such a state of things, have resolved tn• mike their efforts, and to regulate the operation thereof by a formal Treaty. with the •iew of re-establishing peace between the contending parties by means of an arrangement which de called for as much by humanity as by the interest of the repose of Europe. " Wherefore they have nominated their Plenipotentiaries to dis cuss, agree upon, and Ain the said Treaty, via. " His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Bri tain end Ireland, the Right Honourable William Viscount Dudley, Peer of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Coun cillor et his Britannic Majesty in his PrivyComaell. and his Prin. cipal Secretary of State for the Depa.rtment of Foreign Affairs; " His Majesty the King of France slid Navarre, tie Prince • Jules Count de Mew, Peer of Frame, Knight of the Orders of his Nest Christian Majesty, Major-General of his Armies, Grand Cross of the Order of St. Maurice of Sardinia, dr.c. &c. and his Ambassador to his Britannic Majesty " And his Majesty the Emperor of an the Russia% Christopher ' Prince de Lieven, General of Infantry of the Armies of his Impe- Yiif Aide-de-camp General, Knight of the Orders of Russia,of those of the Black Eagle and of the Red Eagle of Pros es, of tined the Guelphs of Hanover, Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword, and of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Ms Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to his /khan vie Majesty ; " Who, after having communicated their full powers, and found the same in good and due form, agreed upon the following articles t • " Aar. 1. The conttacting Powers will offer to the Ottoman Porte their mediation with the view of bringing about a reconcilLs- Yon between it and the Greeks. " This offer of mediation shall be mule to this Power imme diately after the ratification of the Treaty, by means of a collective declaration signed by the Plenipotentiaries of the allied Courts at Constantinople; and dire shall be made, at the same time, to the two contending parties, a demand of an immediate armistice be tween them, as a preliminary condition indispensable to the opening of any negocia:ion. " Art. I( The arrangement to be proposed to the Ottoman Porte shall rest on the following bases:—The Greeks shall hold ed the Sultan, as of a • superior lord ; and in consequence of this superiority, they shall pay to the Ottoman Empire an annual ttibute (retie), the amount of which shall be axed, once for all, by a come mon agreement. They shall be governed by the authorities whom they shall themselves choose sod nominate, but in the nomination of whom the Porte shall have a determinate voices " To bring about a complete. separation between the indivielonla l of the two nations, and to prevent the collisions which are the he. esitable consequence of so long a struggle, the Greeks shall enter upon poSsession of the Turkish property situated either on the con-, tinent or in the isles of Greece, on the condition of indemnifying the former proprietors, either by the payment of an annual sum, to ba added to the tribute which is to be paid to the Porte, or by some other transaction of the same nature. " Art. 111. Tce details of this arrangement, as well as the limits of the territoty on the continent, and the designation of the islands of :he Archipelago, which it shall be applicable, shall be settled in a subsequent negotiation between the High Powers and the two •conrending pnrtles. M Art. IV. The contracting Powers engage to follow up the salu tar y work of the pacification of Greece on the bites laid down in the preceding articles, and to furnish without the IPAtt delay their Re presentatives at Constantinople with all the instructions which arf! nnesslry for the execution of the treaty now signed. " Am V. The contracting Powers will not seek in these arrange- ments any augmentation of territory, any exclusive Influence, and commercial advantalte for their subjects, which the subjects of any other nation may not equally obtain. " VI. The arrangements of reconciliation and peace, which shall he definitively agreed upon between the contending parties, shall be guaranteed by such of the signing Powers as shall judge it useful or to contract the obligation : the mode of the effects of this guarantee shall become the object of subsequent stipulations be tween the High Powers. " Art. VII. The present treaty eta be ratified, and the radii. cations shall be exchanged in two months, or wmner ((possible. " fa faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed, and waled it with their Arms. " Done at London, Jul) 6, t 827. "DUDLEY. "POLIGNAC. "LIEVEN." ADDITIONAL AND SECRET ARTICLE. ." In case that the Ottoman Porte does not accept, within the apace of one month, the mediaticn which shall be proposed. the High Contracting Parties agree upon the following measures : " 1. It shall be declared, by their representatives at Constam tinnple to the Porte, that the inconveniences and evils pointed out In the politic treaty a. inseparable from the state of things sub sisting in t►e East for the last six years, and the termination of which, thtough the means at the disposal of the Sublime Porte, appears still remote, impose upon the High Contracting Parties the necessity of taking immediate measures for an approximation with the Greeks. 0 It is to be understood that this approximation shall be brought about by establishing commercial relations with the Greeks, by sending to them for th►t purpose, and receiving from them, Con sular Agents, so long as there shall exist among them Authorities capable of maintaining ouch relation.. •' 2. If within the sail term of one month, the Porte do not accept the armistice proposed in the first article of the public treaty, or if the Greeks refuse to execute it, the High Contracting . - Powers shall declate to that one of the two contending parties art ich shall wish to cnntinue am to both if such become to y, that the said High Contracting Power• intend to exert s 'tie meamt which circumstances may ouggest to their prudence to obtain the immediate-effect of the armistice, the execution of which they desire, by preventing, in op far as may be in their • bower, all collision between the contending parties, and, in fact, insimediatt•ly after the aforesaid declaration, the High Contracting p e uper• will conjointly employ all their means in the accomplish ago of the object thereof, without, however, taking any part in thwhiadlides between the two contending parties. esilsopmertioence the High Contracting Powers will, lamed'. • Mei selb. law signature of the present additional and secret article, i!llioppio is the tern: used : it belongs to the feudsi law, ad 4g- Nisi &Ed rinunount. 'reasmit eventual in<tructions isahmaskifi ea dmil provt.igns above ' set forth, to the Admirals E* strandreint In the seas of the Levant. " 3. finally, If, contrary measures do tint yet suite so Induce the Porte of the pro-, positions m* by de High Cont If, on the whet hand. the Gorda renounce the ceesee eYiwd In their foveae in the treaty of this day, the High Contracting Powers will, neivr. theless, tonsinse to prosecute the wad a pacification on the bases agreed upon between them ; end, In consequence, they authorise from this time forward their representatives ht London to discuss and determine the ulterior measures to which it may become neces. Miry to resole. " The present additional and secret Article 'ball have the same force and value as if it had been inserted, word for word, In the Treaty of this day. It shill be ratified, and the ntificatloos thereof shall be exchanged at the same time as those of the said Treaty. " In faith whereof the respective Pleoigotentiaties have signed Ir e and have thereto affixed the "fah of their arms. ", Dote at London, this 6th day of duly, In the year of Once, " DUDLRY. POLIGNAC. M LI RVEN." THE EVEN ING STAR. LON DON. THURSDAY, JULY 12, 1827. STOCK EXCHANGIt, TWELYK O'CLOCK. The Conseil market has taken a turn far an improvement since yesterday, when they left off at $76 to 6 for the Account, and opened this morning at 671 *I and soon after got up to 871 f, at which price they remain at present, alternately buyers and sellers. - No business has as yet been dOne to any extent. The new Ac count for August opens this day. Ia the Foreign market, South American Securities are also on tie Improvement. Current prices: nut Spanish 10611, Mexican 6i;, Colombian 311 52, Peetngune 751 4. Bramllan 60 1, Buenos Ayres 621, Russian 94 6, Daniell 521 63, Greek 171. CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. The extreme fluctuation in the Contols, up to the present time, has not been more than `per cent. They have bren done at lan for the Account, and may now he quoted at 1171 1, and for next August Account 876 buyers. The sale of Exchequer Bills, by the Government Broker, has not been followed up this morning; and it is supposed it will only t.ke place at certain periods. PRICK OF STOCKS AT FOUR O'CLOCK. Bank Stock 2101 2091 India Stock 259.1 1 3 per Cent. Red. 851 1 1 Ditto Bond. 86 87 3 per Cent. Cons. 851 6 851 ed. South Sea Stock 94 31 per Cent. 93] Old Annuities 3i per Cent. Red. 93] ]93 41000 F.echeq. Bills 53 57 4 per Cent. New 1001 1 jez d. £5OO Ditto 53 57 4 per Cent. Scrip I .flOO and AVIO Ditto 53 57 4 per Cent. 18°6, 10If 101 Commercial 45 Long Ann. 19 15.16 1346 Consols fur Acct. 871 f FORRIIIN FUNDS, TWO tECI.ticA. Chillatt Bonds, 6 per Ct .ireek hoods, 5 p Ct. Volotubtan Itond.. 6 p Ct. 28 Do 131,418c5, 5 pCt. 17 j Do. Acct. 881 28 Mex. 1'0n1.,5 per Ct. Ditto Rd 5.1824, 311 f Do. fida.1825,6p et. 691 1 Do. ACCOillit 32 311 32 311 2] Do Acct. 691 ] ] [Amish lids. 3 p Ct. 63 Ituasilds,lBll24pC. 94g j g Do Acct. 631 Span. Bib 5p Ct.ll 1(4 BRITISH AND FORKION SHARKS, TWU O'CLOCK; 11114 A it 1. r• 11% Anglo Mexican 100 85 40 General Mining Assn. 100 5 6 flawing= 50 8 4] Australian 100 8 13. Provincial Bank of Ireland 100 95 211 Featscm FuKw, JULY 9. Five per Cents. 109 f. 65e.—Three per Cents. 721. BSc.—Bank Stock, 20201—Naples [traces, 77(..90c. COMPLETION of the MINIsTERIAL ARRANGEMENT& It will be seen from the following article, which we copy from a Morning Paper, that the Ministerial as rangements are completed, and that Mr.CANNING does not return to his former office, as had been mo,t indus triously circulated. The arrangements, we are per suaded, will give very general satisfaction : His Grace the Duke.of l'onvt.Avu resiols the office of Pilvy Seal, but retains his seat in the Cabinet. There are several prece dents for this proceeding; it will be sufficient to name a went one, that of Lord Stostorru. Lord Ca muscle leaves the Woods and Forests, and succeed , the Duke of POSSUM + u Lord Privy Seal. _ _ . Mr. Symons Booties succeeds Lord Centime as First COMMIS. loner of Woods and Forests, keeping his seat in the Cabinet. The Marquis of LANSIXIWN Succeeds Mr. STUMP, BOVINE as Secretary of State for the Home D. partment. Viscount DUOLIT and WARD remains at the Foreign Office ; and, consequently, Mr. CANNING continues First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer. Mr. Seams Rice, it is said, will replace Mr. SPENCER PERCIVAL as one of the Under Secretaries of State at the Home Office. There will be no immediate change in the Vice. Regal Govern. went of Ireland. The Marquis of Wituestiv, it is understood, remains at the Castle till the end of the year. when, lo all probe. batty, he will be succeeded by the Marquis of Anocism. Such are the final arrangements of the Ministry ; thus It will be permanently constituted ; in strict conformity, as we have already mentioned, with what was fully agreed upon in the first instance. It will be seen that there is no addition of any person not already forming a part of the Cabinet, with the exception of Mr. Seasso Ricz,who la mentioned as likely to succeed Mr. Srescsa PIRCIVAL. Lord HOLLAND does not take office, though it has been confidently stated be would. His klasarte will hold a Council nett week, for the purpose of giving formal effect to these arrangemento.—Wers Times. T..-day, in our preceding column, we lay before our readers a copy of a 'nem ) , between France, Russia, and Great Britain, by which they pledge themselves to offer their mediatory offices, in the first place, and should these be rejected, to employ coercive me Istres in the next, fur the purpose of putting an end to the sanguinary contest, which has raged for the last six years without interruption, between the Turks and Greeks. This im portant Treaty, so honourable to the high contracting parties, and so agreeable to the humane spitit of the age, has been negotiated in the British capital, and bears the signatures of the French and Russian Ambas sadors at the English Coon, as well as the signature of Viscount DUDLRY AND WARD, 81 the Plenipoten tiary on the part of this country. It will be seen that it was signed on the 6th instant, and that the ratifications are to be exchanged in two months, or sooner, if possible. There is but one article that we regret in this Treaty, and it is that by which it is arranged, that no steps are to be taken till after its ratification, to give effect to its stipulations. Titus a delay of two morths m.y h^ occasi.ined her, re a on , I Joint nous. can be presented to the Pow ; Ind whit ai. effusion of blood.may occur in this interval, id which the Greeks too are likely to be the greatest seffesert I It is a pity that this itsconvenieote bad not been role-den, i and-that the respective Plenipotentiaries had. not been i supplied with the necessary powers to prevent it.— , We fear, however, that the suggestion of a remedy now comes too late, and that a lamentable delay in the execution must be the consequence. Should, however, the combined fleets reach their destination speedily, as-thee is every reason to hope, the loss of time in the former instance might be partially retrieved, as their appearance. by convincing the Porte that the Allies wets earnest as well as unanimous in their mea sures, w mild render that Power more reedy to Ii ten to ' their offer of mediation. Th-t she will accept it,when she sees that she has no chance of gaining anything by eva sion, is our firm opinion ; for it has been well obterved, by one of our clremi.oraties, that her present con duct ought to be ascribed to the course, hitherto 101 lowed by the parties to the present treaty, of taking their measures separately at Con,tantinop'e. The Mem• hers of the Turkish Golfe' nment, who are well acquainted with the politics of Europe, particularly that branch of them, which we shall call the oblique and selfish, cannot persuade themselves that the three greaten and most enterprising of the Enropean Powers can confederate for purposes, really generous and disinterested. This inctedurity, we are persuaded, is the sole cause of the indifference, with which they have hitherto treated the eparate reclamations of the Ambassadors of England and Russia ; but when they are once assured, that these Powers act in perfect concert, and are determined . to carry their purpose—the I'm mer, if - we ate not mistaken, will immediately alter their tone, and prove as com plying as they are now obstinate. Their fatalism never precludes them from taking such a course, as the neces sity of their aff-irs may recommend. fur this doctrine, like many others, is now only an article, f faith with the vulgar, and which the great only affect to rearm as a means of leading the multitude. however, the decision is not left w holly to the free will of the Porte; and at the same time, the demands of the Allies are not of a na. thee at which either her pride or her interest can pro petly take umbrage. She has now been engaged in this sanguinary contest for upwards of six years, during which time she has made an immense sacrifice of human life, and, what she values more, of treasure, without, advancing a single step in her object, and she can there. fore have no g►eat cause to complain if even a measure be forced upon her of terminating such an unptofitable waste of blood and money. Besides, her someignty is admitted by the present Treaty, not nominuily, bat substantially, as the tribute money, and her right to in. terfete in the nomination of the persons who ate to ad minister the affairs of Greece, both of which a-egna ranteed ro,lor by the [resent Treaty, abundantly testify. The Greeks are to pay annual tribute, and to acknow- , ledge the SULTAN as their Sovereign ; but these are the only badges of dependence they are to retain. They are to have the appointment of their own LW horities, with a determinate voice, however, on the part of the Porte, which implies, we suppose, that the former are 03 choose a certain number of persons, from whom the SULTAN is to select ore or more, as may be agreed'upon. However, the most important article in this Treaty,is the total separation which is to take place between the two nations, 4nd by which the Turks are to be precluded from settling in any part of Greece—receiving, however, a pecuniary indemnity for such property as they possessed individually in that country, previous to the present contest. It is true the Gierks do not gain an absolute independence, but they acquire pei feet secu rity of persons and property, the free exercise of their religion, the undisturbed enjoyment of their native land, and the entire disposal of their own resources, with the exception of the annual tribute (not a very onerous one) which they are to pay to the Stu:rata. Tueir interests have not been neglected; on the contrary, they are provided for far better than could have been expected from an art angement con. eluded between Powers of such opposite principles. Upon the whole, it is highly honourable to the diplo macy of our time; and it deserves to hold a conspicuous place, as we said a few days since, amongst the mild and beneficent triumphs, which distinguish the re'gn of GEORGA IV. from every other. and which will secure to it, perhaps, the first place in the admiration And gratitude of future ages. It appears by dispatches from Sir Facrosanaw ADAM, received this morning. dated the 29th ult. that an insur rection had broken out in Albania. In the Jamaica Papers to the 22d May. there is a Proclamation from Mcitaattest,President of Guatemala, to the Guatemalans, on the late victory they obtained, assuring them of the gratitude and esteem of the Ga• vernment, which has witnessed with tespect and ad miration the enthusiasm and bravery a ith which all have run to alms, and reaped laurels in the field of battle. Accounts from Madrid. of the nth June, say, that letters had been received from Andalusia, stating that a revolt had taken place amongst the military stationed at Algesiras and at -the Camp of St. loch. Twelve Officers have been arrested, and the revolt put down.— It appears that the regiment Lealtad was the most ' conspicuous in the above affair. Accounts from Pampeluna of 26th June state, that the commotion' in Catalonia and Arragon canoed th greatest alarm to the Spanish Government; and a pro 1 clamation had been published, inviting the Spaniards to rise ea MUM The letters from Lapin, of the 26th May, state, tha• Bouts/kit-was still at Caratcas, art ending the Custon Mobs, 12 is ansl improvins csmn evcial affairs. All seas quit at the above da.e. We received this morning the Algemelne Zeihing to the .tith inst. and the Sulabkn Mercury to the 3d. The former contains a copy of a private le.ter from 3i. Pe. tersburgh of the 20 , h ult. in which the writer speaks us high terms of the expedition displayed in the erpi p . ment of the fleet, which, a week I.ter, s.iled from C ron . stadt for its destinatio^. The preparations, it is stated, occupied only a few weeks, and are cited as a prod, f the great impruvement that has taken place, dui ink the present shi rt reign, in the Administration of the MAI ine, and which had been greatly neglected, we are told. in tl e last. The wri er then indulges in a speculation on the op. jest of the ar ma ment, w hich. contrary to the general op . Ilion as he says, is the usual summer marictivies,which take place annually in the Batik. Howeve , , this sag., who cannot bear the idea of following in the wake general opinion, has fallen into a quagmire for hia sumption ; for the fleet, whose movements he would confine within the limits of the Baltic, is actually ou its way to the Archipelago. We learn from an article ender the head of Munich, that the King of BAVARIA has issued a Proclamation for convening the States of his Kingdom on the 10th of • November next. The Steabigi Mercury contains an account of a tribe of Tatars, the Kirghis. who have been conquered frr to their savage habits. Th•rty years ago they had freelr placed themselves under the Sovereignty of Russia, and are now far advanced in the arts of cisitzed life. 1827. THE KING, Ste. WINDSOR, JULY 11.—Yesterday the Ktwo, ammo panied by the Duke of DEVONIHIRC, Duke of Donut.. and the distinguished attendants of his Hivosehold, p r o., corded from the Royal Lodge in the pony phaetons to Virgini t Water, where, after inspecting the New Water. tall, the New Bridge, the site on which the Elgita Marbles are erected, his MAJLITY proceeded to the new Fishing Temple, where, with his Royal party, he embarked on board the new cutter,. ai d took a plea. curable excursion on the Lake; and at half-past severs o'clock returned to the Reyal Lodge, where his MA. MTV was aret,by the Bari of Fir& Lord and LadT GWYDYR, and Madame De Rouser. ..I' .e whole of the distinguished party had the honour of dining and past. Lig the evening with his Maderry. Yest rday after. noon the Queen of Wurrustaano and her Royal High. ness Princess AUGUSTA took a recreation for upwards of two hours in the C. eat Park. THE EARL OF LIVERPOOL. It is remarkable that a few minutes previous to the spasmodic seizure with which his Lot &hip was attack. ed on Saturday last, the Noble Earl bad mentioned to the Countess of LIVISPOOL his intention of visiting Wilmer Castle, and was giving directions for peps. rations to be made for his depatture, whenhe found li;s hands benumbed with the cramp; that the attack was of a spasmodic nature; that a very large dose of lau 'a• nurn, of from 90 to 100 drops, was immediately green to the Noble Eat) by Dr. Daavaa, after which his L•rd_hip had no retain of spasm. .4 Coombe Wood, July It. " Lord Livaapoco. has passed a good night, and Is going m fa vourably. " T. D." DEPARTURI GT THE DUCHESS GIP Cf.AlliticCe..—The Duchess of Cara:act, accompanied by the Princess Omani, Miss Frrsctaarrecit, and Colonel Conran, left her residence is Bushy Park yesterday morning, at the early hour of seven o'ciock, in a carriage and four, to proceed by easy stages to the seat of the Earl of Moues. Enoecustax, near Plymouth, for the purpose d joining her Royal Consort, the Lord High Admiral, in his Tour d Inspection. The Duche:s, it was expected, would stop at SA.- bury yesterday afternoon, and sleep there; reach Weymosub die day, and leave there to-morrow morning for liltster, where her Royal Highness would stay all night, and then proceed to the seat of Lord Moose Eleaccussaa, to meet the Doke of Cusaiscr at Plymouth. The Meeting of the Lords of the Privy Council, which was to have been held yesterday at the Council Office, was postponed—the Earl of Haatiowor. Lord President of the Council. bring unable to attend, owing to the dangerous state of his Lord ship's daughter, Lady Eaaustavon. The Earl and Countess of Has/101/WT have taken up their abode at the residence of Earl Foareocux, father.tri-lasvo Lady EllintaTON, in Grosvenor-apart. The grand dinner patties intended to have been given by Earl liar noway today. and also to-morrow, have been put off, in oonseqwort of the illness of Lady Eaantorou. Mr. CANNING, the Mat quis of LAISDOWN. Mr. St• cretary Bowie; Viscount Donators, Viscount Patantactos, Ile. Wynn Lord Bestav and others of the Cabinet Moisten, a ft town lout four o'cloek yesterday afternoon, for the purpose of st tending a Cabinet Council at the seat of the Loan Coarsest'," at Wimbledon. After the Council, the Loan Caanestsos suss sumptuous Dinner to his Colleagues. PI ince ESTEIIIII A the Aosta ian Ambassador, trans. acted business yesterday at the Of of the Secretary of State rot Foreign Matti. Madame de BOURNS, widow of the late Danish Minis ter to this country, has bad the honour of receiving an invitadm from his Maxim to pass a few days at Windsor. The Bishop of DURMAM is at present holding visits• dens and confirmations in his &mem We regret to state, that the accounts of Mr. H us niestnes 111-health are quite corner. The Right Hom Gentleman is advised by his Physicians to travel au the Coodorot for throe months ; and, as much-af his illness may be att ributed t o hat crust application to the dtitles of his office, restoration to health may be looked fur from tie plan laid down by his medial advisers. The Right Honourable WILLIAM LAMS, and Mr. Brace, his Private Secretary, have arrived at Dublin Castle. Mr. PLANTA left town this morning, for a few days only, as he Is expected to return to kis official duties at the TremarT► abort the beginning of next week. STATE OP TRANS.—The trade of the West Riding may again be ann unced in a state of pr o s perity, the want of employment is considerably abated , and we now await with some impatience such a stat e of brisk• nest as will increase profits and enhance wag es. Tie large manufactories here and around us have f or a coi side; able time been in full employment, and now se believe the dr.mestic manufacturer feels something of the revival. In.districts that a few wet ks ago the rig' nano distress was expel fenced, labour, though at vat too wages, is to be acquired, and a tole r able :apply a rate is now obtained by the working classes. The latest accounts from Trowbridge, Mellt•ham. Bradford, and Westbury, state that the trade of all these too ns is much improved within these few months A letter from Corneto, in I aly, says that duet tombs rave been dscovered there, adorned with Etrnsco c saiiitiiigs and inscription, in good i reservation. It ped that this disc'-very *id greatly centribme to is' ress ,, rut ni-iglit into t e Eti 0440 antiquities. 1 Ilk