Star. — London, England, 1806-05-01 00:00:00

bare some fast the Crown. IT any dosbt entertained as co its efficacy or propri ety , wa s were it as an s , ill Judged attempt at popularity to bring it forward ; hes psblidy. But hate it was, and therefore dikolii it wettish, with fuch lights as we had within thefts Right I I onottrable , other lights, though on the part of the . 's) fide of the Honk was (aid now, that Gentlemen in the deep in human na• who had a general competent to dill experiment might be made - - 4 , with certain limit'. this propofed plan, • as the pervading eßabliniment, and on which we could Ought it not to be when the refult was Mena tti be' finfoirable ? If it might be tried in peace, ought it therefore to be attempted in time of war ? lilt might be attempted when our military ellablik emit was high, onght it therefore to be adopted when it was low ? Ought it to be put in force when every eircarneanee was spina it ? The firtt • argu ment in its favour, which was, that it was the prat tice of foreign powers. had been (efficiently anfwered by the Honourable Grntral (Sir James Pulteney) belied him. It was net the practice of foreign powers. Beh even If it were, yet he would etntend that it'would not apply to this toiletry. If yea emid de(pntically compel the people to enter into the ler vibe m at great numbers and in any manner lon Oared, then indeed you might fefely admit of this intrdification, but as the Aa of entering . into the re gdlarareny molt bete be voluntarily; it totally al. tertitdte cafe. But here, again. he wilbed to gaud aijait:ll being mifonderftood. He did not fay- tb tbircuitafine ought not to be tried. He did not fly tint—what he Paid was; that the nature of the kn. vice might not to be fo enmeletelY changedLe ihde what warthe general rule before &odd now• the excepti6o, while what be vrifhed to try ably' shl an eiteption Mould become general rule. A tffirtiletFriend of hit, near him; had Rated what had been done by a regiment for a limited . period of fetH vita, ander his own command. ' His Lordfiriphinsfelf had Abed ItOmd, no doubt, transfsfedinto it a great part of the. fplrit whisk k pealed. Bet this was{ merely an exteption to the general rule, and the faa sims that this regiment afterwards edified in Awe rids Tor general ferrite. ton Might try this mode of enlifinsent .; all that he obj~ to was the I it down as a general fyflem. which was to be our pollerlty. upon whom the mifehiefs of its./ Might fall, while they were deprived of the ' of thee:Ming regulations. This is the view Which be would rake ut the matter, if we were in a Rate of peace. fie, it was an old military maxim, "not to , manieume too much in the face of an enemy/'-.-He *tied, what part of oar whole military eftablifliment, what let of men with muikets in their hands Ned not been taught. by the agitatkin of this qoeilion, to eon. Eder whether they milted in a proper kap., or whe ther they ought to calif at all ? The Voltmeter was glade to doubt whether he could bell terve his coun try by continuing with hit corps, or r4geiag—the Midst was taught to look to its diffolution, and the army found that its lot and condition was become the robjeft of parliamentary difettffion, and its atten tion was turned to this when it ought to be dirtied to the confederation of the belt means of oppoffing tbs enerny—(law, Lear !) Where was the enure for the Minißer who brought: for Ward the queftinn at fuch a time! Perhaps he had the belt authorities for it out of doors--authorities fo Aron tbaL he could no longer befitate. He, however, withheld theft authorities frem us. But at any rate he would doubt their judgment till he had an oppor. ennity of Comparing it with the fad. He had learnt (matching, however, of thefe authorities. Some were for the meafure with particular Modifications : fosse. for infianee, were for it with the provifo, that tbs fervice,s Roulet at all events be continued during the wart but he would ark whether any of theft autbo. ,W e s were for the meafure preeifely as he propokd ie ? Whether any of then were for it to its fall exact, and under all circuit:Aimee' t He believed he had Writ one authority for it in this way, except the Hon. Officer behind him (Colonel Cmufnrd), whom he was glad to fee in his place. as he had heard it ru moured that fume official ditties had carried him away. If then there was nothing in the external au thorities to favour this fcheme, was there any thing in the difcellions here that could have that effeet ? The Right Hon. Gentleman had laid that the Houle would find nothing in it but what was founded on principles that he had often Rated here ; and be might LAIC added, nothing but what the Houfe had often' voted agaitilt (a lagard.) A motion was made for the repeal of the Bill lalt year : / the Hotife voted againß it (bear, hear! from she eppericau) The Right Hon. Gentleman himfelf moved for a Committee so ma mine into the State of the Army : the Houle voted againll this toe, and yet he came to the Houk and I PAid," I give you nothing but what you voted ageing before, and fo to the right about and now vote fur it." Under fuch circumflances, the Houle ought certainly to paufe a little before it undid all its former votes on this fubjeft. In voting for the propofition which he meant to fithmit to the Houle, they would not be re• quired to vote againfit the principle of Service for a limited pet iod. All that he wanted was, to pndpone the repealing of this Aft, and to induce the Houfe to ;,:stile. He did not ohjeft to the fitnek of having this meafure tried ; but he doubted much its capability to lutigin the load which the Right Hon. Gentleman propofed to lay upon it; and it it could not fultain it. however grad the thing might be in itfelf, his cafe was not node oat. One might doubt, at leatt, of its fully anfwering its purpofe, and on Oleic grounds: The Right Hon. Geat teleran talked of this meafure as an improvement of the condition of the army. He would rippofe no improvements. The army had, on many occalions before, experienced the beneficence of fie Government and it had not beer, forgotten under the adminklration of his illuttriour Friend (Mr. Pive tt) cow n 3 more. But whets. on the propofed impro ment was founded the itiducementm collet, he very much doubted it. efficacy, and for this reafior From what clefs were the foldiers taken t from the poorer Llaffes of people ;, hom the peaturtay. Now, the dif lc. cute between the awo conditioas was not rendered fern— len to tailors *neat. walla and in ourfelves. for the Gentleman lied deprived us of all a no taertion had been wanting on Gentlemen on his (Mr. Canning's) to 'procure information. But it thOdgh Wm had not the opinion of nutty, yet that the principle lay d tete, and that therefore thorn vs] knowkdge of human nature were cols it. Now thoi.sh the experimr under certain cireumflances, and v tions, as to the propriety of th ought it, therefore, to be held out principle of our whole military I nut onlrthat, bnt the only thing depend for fupplying.the army ? firil tried and then lanftioned wt '. fo tonfiderahle, es to induce the men to prefer the cite Rate to the other. He had ken a plan which had this objeft. He did not think it was quite regular to allude to it, but it was in a periodical publication which was pretty generally read. It was there pro. pored to render this in a great meafure a military country, and by this mode of fervice for a limited ' period, to promote a circulation of military men throughout the kingdom. This plan might at lead anfwer its end. But the ohjeft of the Right Hon. Gen tleman was not to difolits, but to retain as much as ionflible. He hoped fr a general re enlillment, and iI poflible to leave stifigta mama relrnrfiems—The coun try would fee nothing coming back with hi. good will ; and, therefore, where the Right Honourable Gentleman departed from that plan, in his opinion he depArted from it for the wotfe. The Right Ho. towable Gentleman himfelf had adverted to the dif ficulties of foreign fervice upon hi. Ichenses, but pt 0- pofed that in this cafe, the expedient of draughting men into other regiments should be reforted to. Now of all the words which had been held out to dacha ton, not excepting even the ballot, thi. word draft, had been mon reprobated. We were alto to look to the enormous expense of bringing home the men from the Colonies, a thing which would be fo often rector ing. But there might be a difficulty in fending them the time when they were entitled to their difcharge, 'mild here, therefore, the Right Hnn. Gentleman ex tended the period of ferrice fix months beyond the 'ptoper time. Now a publication had appeared lilt pear, entitled, " The Life of General Wafhingtos," and there it appeared that in the correfpondence of *t General with the Conthefs, be conflantly Wilted Von* aebelity of continuing the Arvitee of the Ira dories the war, and to do eualy what the 'Right Hon. Gentleman was about to do away.— [Here he read an cattle from one of the General'. fetters, where he complained bitterly of the Winners of the alliftments, which was the only circuinttatce that gave the enemy any chance of fuccefs.] To be fure, the enliftusents there were annual. but the principle wis the fame ; and General Wafhington ihfißed upon the (wire being contlaued during the War. And the Gentlemen on the other fide limed to have forgot that, at the end of the firft keen years silo of taco would be annually difcbarged from the thou., Then it was fcarcely neceffary to expatiate on the accidents of war. Would no reinforcements ke required when they could not eafily be fent ? and vista not the pitiless of oar colonies be often elsooflomptied at thy *mem .when an attack wth expelled 1 It might be Paid, that in rush cafes it would not be confifteat with the fpirit of • Britiffi fa Jliers to abandon their polls on Inch occaGons. But then you (et not to mike rules by which firth a thing could be put in their oPtimi; unkfs, indeed, the' Right Hots. Gentlentail was prepared to accede to the remittent of Babe, one of the revolutionary pa triots of Prance, and to 117, petlfh our colonies than lofe our principle." But his object was, to Id: fen the hardthips that attended the 'dtightal meet. lf, however, he was to examine with nicety into the motives by which percents week led to become foldiers, or to adopt any other profeifion, he could hot hope for much &theft in railing seen. There trait might be in an ill humour, he might be Ist awe, be might be in debt, or in drink.; but if the mania. log ferjeant fhonld, in every inßanee, flatefairly that the numerous difficulties, toils and dangers, to width the fervice, though a g lo rious use, was liable, it was to b: feared that the umber of recruits would be but few. Now he took it op with a view to th.enfill matt. He agreed with the Honourable Generalise bind him, that this would tenet materially to &boy the difciplioe of the Army. Ban additional bounty was given, the let fix months of any period would be a time when aria difcipline could notgbe exercifed. U no bounty was to be given, then came the mailer piece of all. The Right Honourable Gentlittian dived deep into human nature—he was a long, time out of light. and at lalt he came op with his pot of ale and fixpence per week (a laugh). Now the molt objeßionable part of the plan Waswhat did not belong to the fy Rem itfelf, but was grafted upon it. This was the not applying it to the cuffing army. But then, be laid that theybad entered on a fpecific contraft to Terre for life. Ir ought nor, however, to be put in the power of loch a body of men to enter upon difcuf. lions refpeBing the nature of their conuaift, particu larly when the governors had the privilege of potting their own cosaftrußion on them. But he differed from the Right Hon. Gentlemen at to the nature of the cootraB, for he apprehenclid that all men were entitled to the contingencies of their condition. The Right Honourable Gentleman, at any rate, ought to be the laft to take advantage of any doubtful conftruc tion of the contra& He let his Lice apinft any fraudulent means of obtaining foldiers, and yet he denied the remedy to the only perlons who Coffered by thefe fraudulent means. But the praftical online to this was, that it would be inconvenient for the ler vice. He accepted of this anfwer, and would make ufe of it for another purple, by laying, that the adoption of the plan altogether, in the manner now propofed, would be inconvenient and dangerous to the public fervice. Serious as he thought theft ob jeltions, he did think that the Honourable Gentle- man would with to retread fume of his Reps, and he hoped that he would do fo before he had gone too far. The plan might be tried, but as it was now propofed, it was one of the wildeft fehemes that could be imagined. He had heard of a perfon who had read himfelf into a Icheme, but worked himfelf out of it. The Right Honourable Gentleman probably had read and talked himfelf into this fcheme. and he hoped that he would afro work himfelf out of it. The Right Hon. Gentleman panegyrized the Regular Army. On this point there could be no difference of opinion. But, without too great a veneration for the ettablifhments and opinions of our ancellors, he might difapprove of carrying the Regular Army to an un limited extent without any thing to balance it. In emergencies, our Regular Army might be thus aug. merited along with our other forces. But he was pro ceeding with it in a manner that would lap all the checks upon it conß;tutionally tßabliflied. He might fay that our checks were nothing, as our Militia and Regular Army could never be drawn out againft each other. Goo ti.rhid that they fhould. Btu look at the analogy of our civil oßabliffinient.. What were they but a ly Item of checks and balances, which had a fiknt operation ? If the Right Hon. Gentleman's frttem WAS in have its fufl tired, ten years hence a Member might rife in that Houk, and deviate his ictitiments with ver; different feelings from thrift: by which be woo gluated. A Randing Army, therefore, be t egarJed with jealoufy. But, at the war. the Militia too was to be renewed bi and by that means it would be equally it of the Crown as the regular army, and he that the great objeliion t t this Bill was, t too !midi in the hands of the Crown, and in come meafore, fuperfeded the life of the For the &It rime, !lace the revolution, the were voted before the eflimates were prefented, it became the Houk to confider the more, of army we were In have. The Mutiny not he a fufficient check on the regular a contlitmed. He then adverted to the tirong fo r voluntary fel vice, which the Right Hon. racy m.rnifeiled, which ought to make him the fyttcm of volunteers. If he had read hiloty of A commercial nation, of a Carthage, taking arms, as had been country, he would have hailed even the with rapture—hut tans did not pleafe him theories. TAlleyrand And Hauterive had de4vouriag to perfitade the nation+ of Eut we were sunk in floth and wealth ; but the had given confidence to our frien ds, and ' tone of our enemies. He thee adveited language which in that Houfe had been against an iniividual (Cot-met Birch) who tinguilhed himfelf in the Volunteer terrier language he highly difapproved. The Right Ho nourable Gentleman mentioned the battle of Au &dna, and how the French army had marched from Ulm to the Inn, through an unrefifting popu lation. But had they four hundred thoufand Volun teen, in their way, would they have proceeded in this manner? He eontended,that thearmy was not degrad ed by the mixed nature of the fervicc, any more than the Magiltracy was by the admiffinn of perfons to the eirercife of the fun liens of Magittrates who were not regularly trained to the law. The Volunteers were conch better trained than the we j of the Honourable Castleman could be. He afked, where officers could be got to train the people ? How was a regifter of them to be kept ? And from many other difficulties attending this fyftem, he argued that it would be in finitely mite inconvenient and heft efficient than the Volunteers. It was faid of an ancient orator, *be lieved Perkles, that his arguments always left a Ring in the ears of his hearers. Now the Right Hon. Gen tlenzan's illaftrations its this manner enabled him to Vrecall his arguments. He then adverted to the eons ttiatifon of the ballot m David diMple looking for a ~true friend. The various forts of ferrite he complied ie die perfou with her kitten!. eats Haile a large hole .in Ms door for the larrrat, and a floater hole for the thistle r, and Cotnuis.aGarof tinefer vice into another, eo dißdlation, to a tube, to a pomp; to a refervoir, to the lobby of the Houle of Commons, and faid that 'thiltight Hon. Gentlemen now applied this eppara 4Mv tohis• own plan. It was a clue which did not 'leadsperfon out of the labyrinth, bat one like that 'of the Fair Rofathond, which led otters to her habi. 'whin. 'the qbettion was, whether this would pro. dace an army at all ; and; if h would, whether it could be Inch a one as the Houfe could regard with. out jealonfy? He concluded by nsovitig. that the Bill • be read a ikeond -time this day three weeks. Mr. WILBERFORCE obferved, that his Hon.' Friend had faith little about the real qtteflion before • the Hook, which was, whether the Bill thoald be lepealedi From his own experience, as well as the information of thole on whom be could depend, be was convinced that it mull be repealed. He had pbferved how it operated is his awn county, and had applied for inforntatioa from Somerfet and other counties, and the refult was, that he found that in many instances, not a man could be obtained, and 01 agreed in the itnpothbility of carrying its provi dons into execution. The people of this country Were ready to exert themfelves on an emergency, but they wifhed to do things directly, and not to be afked Airmen when money was wanted. From his expe rience of the charalter of the perfon with whom the Bill originated, he was lure that bad he lived to this day, he would have propofed many material altera lions in it, if not conferrted to its repeal. It was one foga of his character, which he particularly admired, that When he found any of his mesfbres to be wrong he changed his courfe, without any regard to the charges of incoofiftency, or any others that might be brought againft him. This made him one of the fated Minifters that ever governed this country —and if others would follow his example in this, they would feel much more fatisfaCtion, than they could experience inconvenience from a temporary loft of popularity. But the Bill was contrary to every principle of juflice, for it was not to be borne that people fhould be fined for not doing what it was ut. terly impoftible for them to do. The meafure, however, had furnifhed much ufeful information, and many hints that enlightened us a great deal refped ing the proper method of railing men. He would not give up the limited fervice, in point of fpace and time, as by this means the agents were multiplied as well as the number of men woo were willing to enter the fervice. But this was not the principle of the Bill. The principle of the Bill was to raise a whir of men from the whole fuperficies of the country. He agreed that we ought not to truft entirely to a (land ing army ; but his Honourable Friend (Mr. Can ning) did not do juflice to the fcheme of the Right Honourable Secretary oppufite. When the people were trained to arms, it was not to be fuppofed that, however Right the training was, they were to run away before an euemy like fo many Iheep. The oh. jet/ of the plan was to familiatife the people with the ufe of arms, and the effect of this would be, they wnnld be of elfential tile upon an emergency. He agreed, however, that the principle of making this a military nation might he carried too far, for we ought always to remember our true and proper charatter, and keep only fuch an army as would be neceltrry for our defence at home, and the affiflance of our allies. But we might affill them in another way. He hoped the Naval Service would always be a favourite fervice wok this country, and that we should not make the vain attempt to rival France in a Regular Army. Fie highly approved of the fyßem of Volunteers, and laid that if the armed population could be called for'h w ith effeet nn an emergency. the Volunteet; would er the fame purpose much better. He flared an connote of chair Ipirit upon an abr r in Y or kinire, when more airembled than were w.,nte,l; and °AI,. rd. that with fuch a difpolition, w th i e olv y u w t o c u x l a d m l i i n e in t g et n , l i , c , e;t:! howitnh r a y c w r e i t re ir a d l ifee fl r i t c i d lion an attended with dangerous confequence. Mr. HAWTHORN -stied peal becaufe, whxn the held out that it would , for home and di.pofal rience, however, had r vided had not been (Caftlere.igh) had on an encreafe had arifen January, tBo6, amount, ever, was, that the N numbers which, on mounted to 257,952. lion had been made, to the German Legion recrnited on the C..ntie tered into a varlet: amount of the force late Adminitiration, Months, and deducing grille had taken place. :60.8M had completely dicing men, had not r siti the average, more fuid to be railed: Of Referee and the Militia, 'dame than 56,000 ; that the the IR of My, acia. wall , March, iBO6, taking , 'llse Bill, the numbers would confequently be' e men lets than affurned para. , kind to the papata te l 'refpondence with this Bill. which paper ,Bartw, that illegitimap 'procuring men; that employed, crimps and of it,and that by fplici sited and unlimited hoeb procured; but 1 1 jdry of the recruiting i principle of the bill. to the Lord Lieutenants of September and 3111 of them to advife the pad& as their other avocations efith this fpecies of ferviee. ,Government before the not been fo Rated in tbevfore, that injuffice ciple of the bill. He r recruiting officers, in adverted to the meafure an extrad from the lett cruiting at New Sarum, guineas to the churchwardens, men. The Captain all forth that the liberal of the age of 18, or or inches in height, who battalion of the 62d abed fervice for five ig s. alto read a letter from Colonel Whitelock, that the pariffies in Staffordthire had been recruiting with great faced's, having one week procured fisteea men and the preceding (even. Mr. Hawthorn, after, enumerating the different returns under the bill, and drawing from thence comparifons, concluded aith giving his decie..d oppofititm to the bill. Mr. LASCELLES objeded to the repeal of the Ad. It had been (hewn to have produced a very con fider.ible number of men at a moil critical period, and therefore he was not difpofed to give it up, till fume thing more effectual could be fuldlituted in its room. , He charafterifed the military plans of the Right Hon. Set: etary, as dangerous in the experiment, difgufting to the Volunteers, sad inefficient as to its objed. Lird EUSTON concurred in the opinion uf the hti fpeaker. Mr. G. VANSITTART was of opinion, that a greater number of men might have been recruited in the regular way, than were railed by the Para Offi. eels, who were every way unqualified for fetch a ter vice. In the county which he had the honour to reprefent (Barks) only eleven men h.d been railed under the Ad, and fines to the amount of more than 6oe 01. had been ;tinned. Betides, the toeafute had been attended with great additional expence, from the frequent attendance which was necellary to be given by Lieutenants of Counties and their together with Clet ks, that were neceffatily employed at confiderable expence. Mr. SPENCER S IANHOPE eppn;eJ tie mn• like li to the new militaryon,andtookthat pl a ns,portiinit a of L f , T a ire ttey e 4 etfing t hi7d l cd to the militia and the volunteers. e b tli ni t ;t;d t Mr. THORNTON (aid, that though he had °rife • anal:ire view t po i r u t cectehees.Abdedbitair feleFnurercaeroAnett,oyalur opinion, and iliould now vole for its repeal. ohi tf .a r. :on ßA to S; h r e A p ß i f n w con hic ii h de h r a e d d b i e t en a a l a t a el y r a i u r a gu lto t t e G l VO i li e l! t f h tf a V t iCt it wo u l d iri h t e en peaf d t il;t in iy ak r e f th e rust ivy, abhile it mold produce dirtstatat in as raw PW-2I t, was AM to He raw nothing about the Artily of Referve, or lb. . e end of the ballot, but was clearly F.r the repeal of this Bill. by bounties, Me. CHA ftL&S LONG thought it was in jufliee in the power due to the framer* of site Bill, to conGder which of ie miintalned the two rail/snit& is the Bee f 'issql to.laks into con& I, that it put iteration 'that which the ij,o Ittlate_fijo nainells the od therefore, the Additional Force Ad. ' 'Wit lip. Friend lie Militia.— (Mr. Causing) had goaded the igbitliees.Peerettirl the fupplies to undertake the defence of bite tats but lac •efented, and word conld be got fruit him. The Ma re, what f.-it contended that the Bill was inisreleniette to harria- . Bill would tions than the plans of the tight Hon. fieetentrfra r army thus sesich, br returning to compulfion, would hgenjhe, trong defite effca of fendering them inert/live. With re(peo sp Hon. &ere the unprodudivenefs of the Sip scow under tronfnler• him admire ation, he moll refer the Honk to the, pipets on the ad in ancient table, to prose that thole whore dosy it seas ; to earl Tyre, or a it into circa, were totally ignorant of the liven'. done in this (.4 Cr, • f bear 1 hear 1) The elaufes in the Right Ho. to imav helh pourable Secretary's Bill, which refpeited the levying im In well as of finer, was highly objetlionable. The Hon. Gen- ad been en• tleman entered into fome companions rcfpeaing the Europe, that numbers railed under the Bill at different periods to ie Volunteers flew its efficacy, and put it to the Right Hon. Been- I lowered the tary, in his own words, when (peaking nn the rubjelt ito the harfh of Parliamentary Reform, to fay--.N Will y.O unit' in employed your Louie while the butricane is raging P' Finch. who had dif• he contended, was the obis* of the propelled alters- vice—of this tion in the military fyllem, an ohje& that 'night be rout confequence. LN intended to vote for the - re- the Bill WAS introduced. it wle Id provide an efficient force both fable fervice. Subfequent I !hewn, hat the obje& to be o obtained. The Noble ,l l oy4 n a former evening Rasa, '_____that m to the force. 'Lich, on the ta rued to a67.0n0." The fee, how- Noble Lord had mil dated the that day, from the retina. a- . It was true that a famil but that arofe from theadstitioa . inn of between 5 and 6000tnep, otinent. Mr. Hawthorn here mi- ry of flatements refperffing the at differeut periods during thp tasking comparifons every fit rte. from them that no salmi in- tact". but that, on the contorY. itely failed. and iellead q_Pra- tt railed in England and Wake. re than one-feveads of the unit- I: The de6cienccs in the Army e Militia, in Auguft lei. was that the amount of the farm on 74. 1 , 21181459 ; on the tit of 'g the benefit, as it was called, of sere a i vally erne 572,667. It be Peen, that the force yes then . o when the. late Adminifiration The Hon. Gentleman then M- I ati the table. containing the cot_ otd Hawkelbury on the fubjea rat es. he contended, would evidently its means had been retorted to ilor at indeed of Feria Officers being nd high bounties were Galled in aid !icing the two bounties.nernely fee rd fervice, together,a few men 144.. r that loch means tended to thie g ferrite, and was contrary to the The Noble Lord in hiefettert nants of Counties, dated the t fins tfi of December, reconimands tb paeilh officers to purchate agents ? cations mull neceffiarily interfere . fervice. Was not that knOwn to the bill paged, sod indeed had it in the Houle ? It was elicit*, office and oppreffion was a Ofill. ie referred to f 1 letters from in illufiration of the potation, mid afure of giving bounties. He read e letters of a Captain Brown e r:- mum, who propofed to give three rchwardens, as a fee for procuring alto difiributed hand bills. kiting teal bounty of at guineas to lads or men under as, of five . feet two to would volunteer for the fecond id regiment, could be given for li- ve years,. or during the war. He Up.] ~~ 1. I/ ~ - I 4•. 1 ' ' N , 1