Star. — London, England, 1830-10-30 00:00:00

BRIGHTON, Oct. V. Tile Princess Augusta, with Miss Wynyard, took a arriage ailing to-day. Lady Lyndhurst, Lady Mary Leslie, and the Rev. Dr. Butcher left their names this morning at the l'alace, where the Landgravine of Hesse Hemberg con tinues to reside. Lady Granville and suite arrived at tho Royal York this _ _ . Admiral Winthrop, the Hon. Mr. Trefusis, &c. have left for town. Some soaking showers fell yesterday. The moistened turf, consequently, attracted about a hundred and fifty well mounted sportsmen to meet the Subscription Harriers on the itace-hill this morning, with weather every way favourable to the diversion. Two hares ultimately afforded capital : ans ; one escaped, but the other wis killed close upon South ern Lewes. The Earl and Countess of Belfast have taken possession of a house in Brunswick-terrace. Lord Boston and Miss Irby have returned to Worthing. The Duke and Duchess of Argyll are in the departure list. COURT CIRCULAR. Their Majesties visited the Princess Sophia yesterday at her residence, in the King's Palace, at Kensington. The Duke and Duchess of Cumberland paid a visit to the Princess yesterday. Her Royal Highness also received visits from the Duke and Duchess of Cy';oc:!ster, who stopped at the Pa lace on their way to town from their seat in 13agshot Park. The Duke of Leeds and Sir James Colborne had audiences yesterday of the King. Their Majesties entertained the Duke and Duchess of Glocester, and a seloct party, at dinner last evening, at the hence at St. James's. The following is a correct list of the Commissioners from the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, in the erdwr in which they were presented to his Majesty at the lev, o, on Wednesday last :—The Rev. Dr. Singer, Mode rator; Dr. Macknight, of Edinburgh ; Dr. Cook, of St. An drews; Dr. Chalmers, of Edinburgh ; Dr. Loe, of Edinburg; Si; .1. Connel, Procurator for the Church; G. Sinclair, Esq. W. Paul, Esq. Sir Henry Jardine, King's Remembrincor of Exchequer ; IL Pringle, Esq. of Whitebank, M. P. The following gentlemen accompanied the Lord Mayor of Dublin to present the addresses to their Majesties at tho King's Levee on Wednesday :—High Sheriffs Mallet and Holahan; Mr. Frederick Shaw, the Recorder and M. P. for Dublin; Lord Charlemont, Mr. R. Dawson, Colonel Reeves, Sir Thomas Whelan, Lord Mayor in rotation ; Aldermen— Sir A. B. King, Morrison, Smith, and Sir E. Nugent, Corn- MOH Councilmen—Cooper, Long, Hoytc, Scott, Sir D. Rosso, Lisson, Brennan, and Stoker. The Duchess of Kent and the Princess Victoria arrived at the residence of Prince Leopold yesterday at Claremont from &alt. Their Royal Highnesses are expected to remain on a visit to the Prince for some days. Prince Leopold left town on Thursday, for his residence at Claremont. Tile Tripolitan Minister (who has recently arrived in town) attended yesterday at the Colonial Office, for the pur pose of paying a visit to Sir George Murray. The Minister was attended by the interpreter to the Foreign and Colonial Ofles. The Prussian Minister had a conference with the Duke of Wellington yesterday, at the Treasury. The Sardinian Minister had an interview with the Earl of Aberdeen yesterday, at the Foreign-office. CLERICAL PREFERMENTS. The Rev. Edward Burn, ITlLTl l l7tister of st. Mary's Chapel, Bit. mingbam, has been presented by the Lord Bishop of the Diocese to the Rectory of Smethcott, Salop. Saturday, the 23d instant, Charles Boultbee, clerk, was instituted by Dr. Bull, Commissary of the Bishop of Exeter, to the Rectory of Black. borough, and on Monday last to the Rectory of Bondleigh, both in Devonshire, vacant by the cession of Charles Tripp, clerk, D.D.—on the presentation of the Hon. Percy Charles Wyndham. The 12th inst. the Rev. John M. Echalaz, ALA. Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Oxford, was instituted by the Lord Bishop of Lin. coin to the Rectory of Appleby, in this county, vacant by the death of the Rev. Thomas Jones, M.A.—patrons, the Guardians of Geo. Moore, Esq. of Appleby Hall, Leicestershire. The Rev. George Gilbert, M.A. bus been presented to the vicarage of Syston, near Grantham, vacant by the death of the Rev. John Scott ; patron, Sir J. H. Thorold, Bart. The Rev. J. H. Cotton, precentor of Bangor Cathedral, will, we un. derstand, succeed to the Deanery of Chester, vacant by Dr. Philipott's elevation to the bench. Tne Lord Bishop of Lincoln yesterday resigned the Mastership of Christ College. We understand the election of a Master will take place on the Bth of next month. Wednesday, Dlr. Charles Lesingliam Smith, B. A. and Mr. Midge. ly John Jennings, B. A. were elected Fellows of Christ College on the foundation of Sir John and Sir Thomas Baines. The Rev. Alexander Thurtell, B. A. of Coins College, was on Wed. nesday last elected a Senior Fellow of that Society. The Rev. S. B. Dowell, M. A. of St. Peter's College, was on Satur day last elected a Bye-Fellow of that Society. At a Congregation on Wednesday last, the following degrees were .onferred : HONORARY MASTER OT ARTS—The Hon. Francis Jarvis Sta. pleton, Trinity College, son of the Right Hon. Lord le Desp_encer. MASTERS or ARTS—Wm. Hutt, Trinity Coll eg e ; Robert An. drew Riddell, Christ College. BACHELOR IN CIVIL Law—Arthur Tour Russell, St. John's Col BAcnCLORS OF ARTS.—James Lendrum, Trinity College; Rev. hatles Longhurst, Queen's College; Rev. Wut. Mason Dudley, Ca therine 11411 ; Stephen 11 estbrook, Catherine Hall ; Gerald Carew, Downing College; Alex. Htnry Fownes Luttrell, Pembroke College. At the same Congregation graces to the following effect passed the S:nate:— To ;appoint Mr. Hanson, of Cain.; College, trld Mr. King, of Queen's College ( Moderators of last year), Mr. Birkett, of St, John's College, .11r. Tinkler, or Corpus Christi College, 31r. Cape, of Clare Hall, and :4r. Currie, of Pembroke College, Examiners of the Questionists in January, 1831. _ To appoint Mr. Jarrett of Catherine Hall, and Mr. King of Corpus tuititi College, Examiners of the Classical part of the Examination of the rith and 6th Classes of Questionists. To appoint Mt. J. Heath of King's College, Mr. Shelford of Corpus Christi College, Mr. Lodington of Clare Hall, and Mr. Baines of Christ College, Examiners of the Classical Tripos, u appoint Mr. J. Heath of King's College, Mr. Calthrop of Corpus Christi College, Mr. Biley of Clare Ball, and Mr. Baines of Cn: i“ College, Examiners of the Previous Examination in Lent Tcrni, 1831. To 'appoint Mr. Harding of King's College, and Mr. Calthrop of l',lpus Christi College, Pro-Proctors for the ensuing year, Tu empower the Vice-Chancellor to purchase of Mr. (Ire a house in T!tat , pington-street, to complete the site for the Pitt Press. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. The William Donald. from Pictou, and the Kingston, from Arch. Alga, have arrived at Great Orm's Head. the Tyne, Robinson, from Work and Swansea, was wrecked on the 27th inst. on the Sker Sand. The Sarah, Ruome, from London to St. Andrew's, N.B. foundered C. the 19th inst. in long. 40. Crew saved. 1)1 ". Occ. 29. Arrived the Thames, from Philadelphia ; Hebe, Straughan; Brunswick. Blake; and Europe, —, from Quebec; Lalarnaue, Venice, and Breeze, Chappill, from Ireland. Cowes, Oct. 2 9.—Arrived the Scotia, Currie, and New York, —Zfrum Monte Video. FALMOUTH, OCT. 2 8.--Arrived the Alebymist, Wills, from Pug wash. LITIIIPOOL, OCT. 28. Arrived the Juno, Thompson, from Aricati; Swan, Snell, from New Wean ; John Marsh, Lucas, and Huntley, Hannah. from Quebec ; Hannah, Newby, and Brothers, Tweed, from Richebucto; Sybille, Harper, from Miramiehl ; Endeavour, —, trout Smyrna ; William IV. Foster, from Ariehat; William IV. Johnson, from Archangel; and Mansfield, Martin, from St. P - burgh. Ceres, Ocv. 28.--Arrived the F.agle, Scott, from St. Petenburgb ; ond.Ducheu of Portland, from Archangel. Cone, Om U.—Arrived the Rocket, Norman, from Jamaica; nkvar, Fenwick, from Quebec; and Odessa, Paulson, from Smyrna. Dustin, Oce. 47.—Arrived the Ann, Pascoe, from St. Petersburg's. Prina. Leopold has left Marlborough -house for Clare.. vUt. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. RAVONNF OCT 25 . TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. Mina is still at Lessee. He has caused the corps of Valdes to oc cupy his tear at Vera. It is expected that either he or the royal troops will commence offensive operations. - EXPEDITION INTO SPAIN, UNDER COLONEL BAIGES. BAYONNE, Ocr. 24. This officer has performed, with complete success, the reconnoitering mission which he had been directed to make by General Milano, and in conjunction with Figueras. The triple object of this operation was first to procure some pecuniary assistance, to sound the state of public opinion, and to ascertain the strength of the force kept up in this quarter, by the Count WEspagna. The terror which this person has spread through Catalonia, and the severity of the orders issued to the authorities and others to absent themselves at the approach of the Constitutionalists, have prevented the promises of pecuniary aid from the interior being carried into effect, and as had been hell out to the Catalonian Junta. With respect to th 2 sentiments of the inhabitants they exceed any thing that could be expected in favour of liberty. l As soon as tile Constitutional forces shall have regularly penetrated into the country. and that the inhabitants shall be protected against the fury of the Verres of Catalonia, they will range themselves in large bodies under the liberating standard. Col. Beiges has adirsnefni six leagues into the interior of the country, and has reconnoitered the enemy's forces. They amounted to 700 men. The Colonel, on this occasion, had with bins no more than 100 foot soldiers and 10 horse men ; he, however, had the boldness to stop in front of the enemy, and having eyed them with sang froid, and taken a military coup d'eril, he selected, for the course of his retreat, a direction in which he could judge of the nature of the ground, and ensure him an advantage over an enemy seven times superior in number to his force. In point of fact he sustained, during his retreat, the enemy's fire for eight hours, and regained the frontiers of France without having more than one man wranuled. The Colonel has established a depot for the reviews upon the line of demarkation. PRIVATE CORIESPONDENCE OF 4 ' THE REVOLUTION." VERA. October 21, at Eight o'clock in the Morning—The General in Chief left Bayonne on the 18th, at ten o'clock in the evening. On reaching the frontiers he stopped to organize his men, and immtdiately attacked a party of 300 carabineers who occupied the fort,and who took to flight. HEIGHTS BETWEEN VERA AND LESACA. Oct. 21, at Nine o'Clock in the Morning.—The earabineen fled in such confusion that Mina could not come up to them. Some, however, Dave joined him, and, by all accounts, the rest sill soon follow their example. HEIGHTS ABOVE LESACA. Oct. 21, at Three o'Clock:,p. m.—General Mina is pleased with the turn things are taking. He forwarded proclamations to the Alcade of Les.tca, who returned him a satisfactory reply. The village of Goizueta bent him also a deputation. The presence of Nina excites every where the reost lively enthusiasm. PARIS, OCT. 27.—There is no news, but some expectation of a stir from the meditated changes in the ministry. '1 he recal of General Clause! from his command in Africa has given rise to much conjecture, particularly as his conduct since he reached Algiers has been lauded by the journals, and, it is said, highly approved by government. He is a man of very considerable talents, independently of those 1w has profes sionally displayed in the north of Cosmo, and is said, by persons who ought to be well informed, to be recalled in order to give him a post in which his abilities will be more available for the public service. You will observe that the pension list is at length entanide. One of the ex tinctions—that of the pension granted to Madame Peyronnet—would appear to be unnecessarily precipitate. Perhaps the Keeper of the Seals is cruel only to be kind. This act of severity towards his nearest connections may beget some pity for the unfortunate ex-Minister. The prisoners at Vincennes remain as usual. The Commission charged with the preparation for their trial is actively engaged, and have already made much progress in their task. The transfer of the prisoners from Vincennes to the Petit Luxembourg will take place on the lath November, which indicates pretty nearly the period at which the proceedings will commence. When they will terminate no one can pretend to say, for the preliminary business—the questions that will be raised on points of form and law—will probably occupy a very long time. Among the curious coincidences connected with this affair will be that which you may have seen alluded to in some of the Paris Jour nals, respecting M. Avoca', who is selected for the command of the National Guards, who are to do duty at the Luxembourg pending the trial. He is by trade a tanner, is Lieut.-Colonel of one of the Legions of the Garde Nationale of Paris, and has himself been twice tried for high treason, and condemned to death—once by the very Chamber of , ' Peers the safety and preservation of which will be committed to him on this most important occasion.* The affairs of Belgium begin, it is said, to cause some uneasiness to the French Ministers. Happily for them, late elections have made little alteration in their position in the Chamber, and few, if any, of'! what may be termed Radicals have been returned, or you would have found the question of non-interference loudly debated in the Chamber of Deputies. The neutrality of France on the Belgic question must be heart-rending to her Government, but matters must take their course.— A pamphlet has just appeared, which has made some noise, in which the writer discusses the propriety of an immediate adoption of Belgium by France, and declares that no other course can be pursued consistently with reference to her safety or her honour. BOURSE, Half-past Four.—The French Funds suffered to-day from the continued uncertainty respecting the new formation of th, Ministry. Odillon Barren is, I am positively assured, to have a seat in the Coun cil, but whether as Minister of the Interior, or without a portefeuille, is ant yet determined. M. Bignon is to replace the Due de Broglie iu the Ministry of Public Worship. The Reviles Perpeluelles have im proved, owing to the unfavourable nature of the news from Spain.— Letter in the Ilerald. From the Massager dcs Cham&res dated Thursday, Oct. 28. PARIS, OCT. 27. The Monisear of this morning does not yet contain the names of the Ministers who are to succeed 3lessrs. Guizot and de Broglie, if those two statesmen should persist in their offer of resignation. It was also said that Marshal lieranl would retire, This report seems to have no longer any credit attached to it. It is affirmed, besides, that there would be no Under-Secretaries of State. The fact is, that Gen. Haxo has not been appointed to that office in the War Depar tment, as was for a moment asserted. As f or G en . G eu li t St. A l phonse, who was thought to be succeeded by Gen. Filet, he retains his functions. The Moatiewr confirms to-day, by the publication of an ordinance of his Majesty, countersigned by Count Mole, the nomination of Count Flo- Timone de Latour-Alauboug to the post of Ambassador to his Majesty the Ring of the Two Sicilia. FRENCH FUNDS.—PARI-, OCT. 27.—Five per Cents. 94f. 90c. 80e. 85c. 80c. 85c. 80e. 75e. 80c.; Four per Cents. 81f. 50c ; Three per Cents. 84f. 25c. 20c. 10e. loc. 10e. ; Rank Stock, 1,680 f.; Rente de Naples, 64f. 50e. 55c. 50c. 45c.: Rente d'Espagne, 19111 19 i n 19 191; Royal Spanish Loan, 47 461; Rente Perpetuelle d'iaipagne, 38 ; Harlan Loan, 330 f. 325 f. Exchange on London, one month, 25f. 30c.; three months, 25f. 15c.—Costrs Authrniique. • This will appear strange to some British readers. The Chamber of Peers is susceptible of being called upon to act as a Court of As sin (as in the case above alluded to) to give eclat to s trial for high treason. SPIRIT OF THE JOURNALS. CIiZONICLE.—We have already said, that we do not believe that in as far as regards food, raiment, and lodging, the labouring classes are worse off than we are. But the rest of the picture of our Kentish Con temporary is drawn after the life. Never was a country to pestered with canting as England has been pestered. In the times of the Puritans, the canters, sho would " Hang a cat on Monday. For catching a mouse on Sunday," were a small minority. But hypocrisy has long been taken under the protection of the Higher Power,. The Church of England Clergy are no longer the learned men they used to beAut have dwindled down to psalm. singers ; and as they chiefly compose the Unpaid Magistracy, they are in. cessant in their endeavours to worry and harass the people. The elision tent in a neighbourhood may always be pretty accurately calculated from' the number of resident Magistrates. To do the higher Aristocracy justicee the people do not complain so much of them as of the busy meddling Parsons, and .unall fry of Magistracy, who seek to distinguish them selves by their zeal in givii g effect to laws which, in 09 cases out of a hundred, are so foolish and vexatious, as to be only tolerable when al lowed to sleep. There are many countries in which the means of phy. sical enjoyment are less abundant than in Englind ; but there is not one country in Europe—not one—where the social ties have been so vio lently severed as in England. The accursed distinctions which run through English society teach men to hate, envy,and despise each other, and repress the characters of life. There is something excessively gloomy in the idea of living under the same roof with human beings who care neither for your weal nor your woe—to whom your elevation or your ruin ar e alike objects of indifference. Pose.—From some of the parties who in the last Parliament were ranged in opposition to his Majesty's Government, we aonfidently rely upon this forbearance. In certain !circumstances, indeed, which it is not unreasonable to anticipate, we feel persuaded that they will show more than forbearance ; th a t t h e y w ill not on l y refrain from offering any obstruction to Government, but that they will strengthen and support it with all the seal that patriotism can in sPire- With regard both to the Tory division of the former Oppo sition and to that which has usually been denominated the Canning party in Parliament, this expectation may be fairly cherished; for al though both have displayed oceasionally much wrong.beadedness, much needless and misapplied resentment and ill.temper, neither we believe liave yet stria• to so dcgtaded a point in public estimation, that the En lion is at all prepar, d to witness in their persons so deplorable and dis gusting a tp,tc , a,:c al that of Ilritish politicians availing themselves of circumstances of in:hlic difficulty or danger, and of wilfully increasing both, for the pr..nrotion of party purposes or the gratification of factious revenge. llmums —The occumnee.s wh i ch continue to tnice place in parts of Kent, are of a miter, to excite much uneasiness in the public mind; and if it turns out, as we too much fear to be the cue, that the le nity which has been shown to the convicted perpetrators of the out. rages in qttesdo:, has ti.en but thrown away upon them and their associates, there remains but one alternative, via. that the law should stretch out its stern :mi., and put down, by punishment, that which] mercy has tailed to d o . B ut w h en we call upon the laws to vin. I dicate themselves, and to rescue the community front danger, and theinstives trim an imputation of being too weak to pro tect the persona and property of the King's subjects front lawless pm ceedings, sucit as those which we allude to, we are not the less anxious that the origin and the motives of such an anomalous state of things should be diligently, temperately, aed thoroughly investigated, and toe wrongs, it' there he any, watch give rise to them, redressed. Lord Bacon has laid down the maxim, that the surest way to prevent se_ ditions is " to take away the matter of them ; " and in this case, how. ever lawless and enjust;fiable these outrages are, they must, we suspect, have a cause, which cantos ioo soon and too effectually he sought out, and, if possible, I-medic:at. Ttmea.—This, (speaking of the Kent intelligence,) will be called by every bud) an unnatural and frightful aspect of adhirs, in an agri cultural minim.: ity like that of the county referred to. Frightful in deed it is, but no: new ithuatural, inasmuch as mime is the inevitable consequence of desperation —of that horrible feeling which has been pro. duced amongst a large proportion of the labourers of England, by a long course of improvidence and abuse of power in those at whose mercy it has been the policy or :lc eessity of the British Government and Parliament to place them. The tendencies of the national condition for the Inst half century have been, to make the rich nun tidier, anti the poet. man miserably poorer, than at any well-authenticated pe riod of our moat:tit history. The rich man of the prevent day can corn. mond a much greater atnonnt of the marketable guilts of life than Ins pretleces,cr of fifty yams back ; and rich men, besides, have become lucre numerous that: fortnerly. The humble labourer, on the other hand, has experleinied a hill of wages, and a progressive loss of comforts, with. out example in the records of English privation. His v eckly wages will not at this moment buy him much more than half the qua:, tity of corn which, in the cottage of his grandfather, was the consumption of the week. With the positive increase of wealth and poverty, not only has been widened the distance between the two extremes of society, but the sympathy between all who poiesess something, and all who passess no properly but their labour, tuns sal. sibly and mournfully diminished. Instead of being fairly fused and in corporated, the people of this United Kingdom may now be said to lie in strata one above the other, and the pressure of the superincumbent masses on the lowest has become altogether intolerable. When politi cians, therefore, speak of a necessity for "putting down" the disturbers of the public peace, and for augmenting in every way the coercive power of laws and magistrates, and still further nianucliag the poor, they but propose a dreadful aggravation of the very principle which has done the mischief. The '•disturbers" are already too far down. Instead of regarding those above them with hope, or gratitude, or affection, he scowls at every man but a pauper like himself' with fee rocious hathd, and fosters no appetite but for revenge. A tern. ble proof of this revoked spirit has been exhibited throughout the recent conflagrations in Kent. it is asserted posiuvely, that although numbers—in some eases hundreds —of the elms of la bourers were looking on at the destruction of stacks and buildings, not a man of them would lend Isis hand to extinguish the flames ; but all stood by, with an appearance of apathy, or of savage exultation and triumph. He must be a short-sighted and shallow mortal who can babble about the wickedness or danger of such a state of mind among the agricultural labourers, and not at the same time allow the profligate cause of the evil—the heartlessness or carelessness of their rich employers. ALARMING STATE OF KENT. Freest& Kent Herald. We fear it cannot be denied that a considerable portion of the pea santry of Kent is in a state of reckless insubordination. Outrages on property of the most alarming description are manifestly on the increase. Bodies of men almost nightly, and of late even by day, assemble and proceed from one farm-house to another, destroying in the most open and daring manner the agricultural machinery of the pre mises ;—and, far worse, the secret incendiary piles his dread ful occupation with a frequency and success that must, if continued, ere long, desolate the whole country. Alarm naturally prevails all around. No man who possesses and dwells amid pro perty of this description, tan lay his head on his pillow without the frightful anticipation of being roused to witness its destruction, and en deavour to rescue his dwelling and his family from the flames.—Since our last publication several serious fires have occurred, and demolition of thrashing machines been committed in every district of East Kent.— No measures of precaution among the own ers o f suc h property have availed. Leniency and severity seem alike employed i;, vain. Many of the depredators have been committed to prison, and the military are constantly engaged in attempted prevention or pursuit.—with what effect the augmentation of outrage and calamity best shews. On the other hand, the unexpectedly lenient sentence passed by the Magistrates on some convicted rioters at the Sessions last week, seems equally to have failed in impressing f avoura bl y t h e minds of those associated in crime. Not that we are surprised at this, for these unhappy men feel that leniency will not better their condition, nor can severity make it worse. The fact is, that the labouring classes have been long borne down, oppressed in every way by their superiors, and by the political system upheld by their superiors. They have been gradually thrust down, and trampled:on, despised, driven to starvation, misery, and despair. The tendency of the whole social arrangement in England for many years has been to foster and protect the great properties at the expense of the poor and industrious. The pressure has worked through the middle orders, and descended all last with its full weight upon the lowest. The labourer has been literally ground down to the very dust. Every law, every tax, every consequent change in manners, has been prejudicial to him. The consolidation of estates, the destruction of small farms, lie enclosure of common lands, the heavy impositions on the necessaries of life, the temptations and ferocious inflictions of the accursed Game Laws, the vexatious tyranny exercised by the rural Alag,istracy—the ever-memorable " Unpaid," the canting, hypocritic interference with his few remaining pleasures under the pretence of teaching him religion and ;morality, form part of the list of those " unfavourable circumstances" (as 111 r. Owen would Kay) which have made him what he is. The bond which once attached the agricultural labourer to his employer, has lung, too, been severed. The fanner was once looked - up to by his servants as their friend, and almost their father. They formed, as it were, a part of his family, generally seated at the Name board, and pm ti king to a degree of the comforts of a common home. All this has passed away. An insuperable barrier has been raised between the " parlour" and the " kitchen." The ell , vent has not been recognised any more than as a labouring animal on the estate. The master has been a gulch ntan, and the servant sunk into a brutal slave. From all these causes has the agricul tural population been suffering, until at last human nature refused any further endurance without bitter complaint, and that failing— for who, of our wealthy and powerful Stat:smen have heeded the cry of the poor, who have bettered their condition by seltsacrifice —they sought, not redress, for of that by long suffering they have become hopeless, but blind indiscriminating revenge upon society it. *elf. They seem ready to exclaim with Pierre— .. The world is not our friend, nor the world's law." That there is little direct political feeling among the perpetrators of the present excesses, we are convinced,—little even of personal vindic tiveness, since the objects of their attacks are almost promiscuously taken. Sonic unpopular and arbitrary individuals have, indeed been visited ; bet others of mild and liberal character have not esemintl. It *rims, in fact, a war at poverty against property, of desti tution against possession. The poor feel that they are not per. mitted to enjoy, and they are tle.ermititel that the rich shall not. This is the natutal feeling of ignorant. coarse-minded, and ill. treated men, and it seems to hr.ve spread wide, and taken deep root. 11 so, there is no remedy in forcible or in conciliatory treat ment, without a change of the whole spit. m. Absolute desperation can neither be cajoled nor bullied. %Fe fervently trust then that no rfiatstr, despotic and sanguinary means wdi be attempted, convinced that it would aggravate rather than remedy the existing evils. All that can be done by the occupiers of expos e d pr e p ert y i s to exercise a con . slant and complete w a t c h of prevention, however inconvenient. And let the great proprietors immediately offer good eurployment on their estates to all the labourers in their respective neighbourhoods, however expensive. This inconvenience—this experts:. will in the ei.d be found the least. Thus a calm may be preserved while the Legislature are enacting those great reductions, alterriens, and reforms, without which this country must shortly become a scene which the imagination shud ders to contemplate. TIE KING'S BOOTS. —We were shown last night, what we consider a great mechanical curiosity—namely, a pair of Hessian boots, about to be presented to his Majesty, designed and manufac tured by a Mr. Mackay, of Aberdeen, whom we have had occasion to notice, as contriving • pair of sho es f ur hi s l a te M a j e sty, upon his ac ctssioO. The present construction consists of a pair of handsome Hes sians, each nineteen inches high, having bindings and tassels of pure gold, with gilt chains and spurs. On the sole, there is a pniating of Neptune in all his pomp, embellished fore and aft, by the rose, crown, and thistle; the anchor is stitched upon the• connive; and we are are assured by a judge, for k was impossible for ourselves minutely to ex. amine it—that, in the pair, there are upward. of 90,000 stitches. As on a former occasion, we deem it due to the industrious artisan, to no tice this extraordinary effort of labour, not only upon his own part, but on account of the manner in which his hliyety has been pleased to accept of them, at the hands of a General LITTRAIIY REVIZW. It is not often that we presutucto trouble our readers with critical remarks on productions in the r toe Arcs, bee tuse *taste tor diem is thought to be a matter of difficult acquirement ; aril we do not pretend to have COO centvattd our attention to that e nor do we incline to meetly ail supposed deficiency by, what is eaten done, ringing the chimes of quackery on a certain set of indeti. to technical, or technicellyetoking phrases. We are, however, not sure, that there is any such my ettv Co'.l cealed wider the word terVe as is gencraliy supposed, and we believe a little Icommon sense, and accurate observation, applied to the ezazniiiatites of objects is the fine arts,as they are whimsically termed, is quite adequate to enable a petson to distinguish merit where it really exists in any con spicuous degree. We feel ourselves therefore emboldened, now and then, to venture an opinion ; and a number which Is just before us of the •• National Portrait Gallery of illustrious and eminent personages of the nineteenth cantury," is, v. e coureive, of a character to warrant one introdncteg it to our reader.' attention. The work is one which, by those who indulge 111 adding to their libraries the luxuries of literature, cement, we think. he begrudged —for the plates are executed in the tau.: carved and masterly manner, from di. finest otiginal paintings; are thee, of than, accomelieed by a biograpoiced sketch. way cest 3s. We believe never before was such a display 'f die graphic arts of this country ever inade at such a prie'. Tho letter-press, of which it is ns: e cur province te judge, has for its author the well-informed, aed able Editor of tee Liietery Gazelle; and that our reedars may judge a little of the undertaking, we shall extract the Life f Tend Goderich—a man, the facts of whale public life at the ermine ncentent of a new Par. 'lament, in which, as the head of a party to the present State !',.line of this country, lie may be expected to becele • leominent, will we Jeeps have sufficient interest to apologize for its length. In fact we had ce dearound to cut it down ; but in the Preerwaw ensatetien, we relent td ; and therefore we give it entire. THE RIGHT HON. FREDERICK JOHN ROBINSON, VISCOUNT tie tie ER The Right Hon. Lord Ooderich war burr Nov. Ito, 1732; he was educated at Sunbury, at Harrow, end et Canetridee. On the Ist of September, 1814, h.. married Lady Sarah Ilob.rt, only daughter of Rohert, Larl of Buck:p i :helmets:: ; Ante with his lady, has sine- h:- horited the landed Koreny of that nobleman. His lordship ha, had three children ; the tirse a daughtet, bent May 22, 1815, who dice at the intneeting age of eleven years, on the 31st October, 1828 ; second, a 11011, born 10 Septeinuer, 1816. and who survived three days; third, a son, horn October '24, 1827, now living From this doeiestic summary we pass to the public tercet of the node Lord— t cateer of unused variety and importance, and bcariee upon tunes of such national difficulty and danger, as even the proce portentous cisme) e.t.a hardly, we trust, be expected to revive. Mr. Itobinsuiee first connexion with public life was in 1804, when ha acted as private secretary to his rahtieni. Lied Hardwicke, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. lie quitted Ireland when that nobleman wee recalled, after Mr. Pitt's death, at the conan, ncement of IBOG, and came into Parliament for the first time, upon the dissolution which tee!: place in the autumn of that yea-. He then sat for the norough of C:,;. low. When Parliament was diteolved el the spring of 1307, he was returned for Ripon, which place he contieitiod to represent for tweeir successive years. Jr. the summer oe that year, he accompanied Lord Pembroke upon a special mission to Visnes, acid returned to England with that nobleman in the following stimuli. Up to the year 1809, Mr. Robinson took little part in the debates in Parliament; but he supported the new government formed under the Duke of Portland, et 1:47, stating it to be his opinitm that the change was rendered neck, sary by the course which the previous adminisuation had pursued o. their communicatioes with George the Third upon the subject of eto Catholic question. At the commencement of the session of 1809, Mr. Robinson moved the address, aid on doing so expressed in the strongesi manner his conviction of the necessity of a vigorous prosecution of die war in Spain ; the attack upon which couney by Buonaparte he trey characterised as being as unjust in its design, as it was perfidious in its execution. In the spring of the same year he was appointed Und.r Secretary of State, by Lord Castlereagh, who then held the seals of tee Colonial and War Department; and wheu that noble Lord quitted office in the subsequent September, upon occasion of the unhappy t.repces in the Cabinet, which terminated in a duel between his Lore. ship and Mr. Canning, Mr. Robinson felt himself bound in honour to retire at the game time, although we have reason to believe that lie was most strongly urged by Mr. Perceval, then at the head of the Go. vernment, either to retain his office as Under Secretary of State, or to accept of a seat at the Board of Tre asur y or Admiralty. Although, however, he felt himself compelled by a sense of duty to decline these offers, he did not take part in the formidable opposition by which Mr. l'erceval's government was assailed, upon the opening tit the session of 1810. We find him, on the contrary, strenuous' supporting the proposition of the Government to grant an anoui•y of 20001. to the Duke of Wellington, in consideration of his eminent services in the preceding campaign, which some individuals then ei Parliament greatly undervalued, and endeavoured to depreciate. In the summer of that year, his near relation, Mr. Charles Yorke, was ap pointed First Lord of the Admiralty ; and at his request, and with the entire concurrence and approbation of Lord Castlereagh, Mr. Robinson accepted a seat at that board. He remained in that situation till 1812. when, upon the lamentable death of Mr. Perceval, and the mention of Lord Liverpool to the head of the government, he became a member of the Privy Council, and was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, upon the resignation of Mr. Rose.° At that time, no salary was attached to the office of Vice-President, and Mr. Robinson became one of the Lords of the Treasury, which he subsequently gave up, upon being made Joint Paymaster of the Forces. The latter situation war soon after abolished, and a regular salary was assigned to the Vice-Pre sident of the Board of Trade. Mr. Robinson held that post till the commencement of 1818; and upon the death of Mr. Ron, and the re signation of Lord Clancarty, he succeeded the latter as President of the Board of Trade, and the former u Treasurer of the Navy : the neces sity of holding the two offices at the same tints, being occasioned by the circumstance of there bring no salary whatever attached to the higher office of President, although one had been assigned by act of Parliament to the inferior post of Vice-President. He became also at the same time a member of the Cabinet. He discharged the duties of the important and responsible post of President of the Board of Trade for six years; ant at the commencement of 1823, his late Majesty was graciously pleased, upon the retirement of Lord Bexley, to appoint him to the more ordu. ous and distinguished situation of Chancellor of the Exchequer. When Mr. Canning was appointed to the bead of the government in 1827, he necessarily took the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer, in conjunction with that of First Lord of the Treasury ; Mr. Robinson was then honoured with the dignity of the peerage, by the title of Vis. coma Goderich, which had been borne by his maternal ancestor, the last Duke of Kent,of the family of Grey ;and the seals of the Colonial Office were, at the same time, placed in his hands. Upon the death of Mr. Canning, in August 1827, the late King conferred upon Lord Gederish the elevated station of First Lord of the Treasury, which he held for a few months only, under circumstances of no ordinary theiculty, and re signed in the month of January, 1828. It thus appears, that during eighteen years Lord Goderich filled va. rious situations in public life, sonic of which were of great importance, and connected with the highest interests of the state ; and although it would he going far beyond the scope and object of the present litogra. phical sketch, if we were to enter into any detailed consideration of tnc mode in which lie fulfilled the various duties which devolved upon bine eve nevertheless think, that we should not do him justice, if we omitted altogether to advert to it. He was connected with the Board of Trade for upwards of ten years; and although, in the first instance, the Earl of Clancarty di s cha rge d t h e duties of President, th a t N o bl e man, we believe, ceased to attend the Board after the month of November, 141:1. being appointed Ambassador to Holland, so that for four yeas the whole business of the department fell upon Lord &deficit as Vies. President, although at that dine lie was not a member of the Cabinet. The extraordinary duration and peculiar character of the war, which ter. initiated in 1814, had placed all the commercial reel:ions of this country in so perplexed a situation, that the restoration of peaa. did no: offer any immediate means of determining what ought to be the pee. ciao nature of the regulations under which they should thertetter be carried on. Our currency was in a very unsatisfactory state, and Parliament had not, as yet, piorainiecal any thing like a definitive °pink° upon its future condition. Our taxes in every branch were enormously high ; and, as Lord Gotlerireh has correctly repressed it upon more than one occasion, hail unavuelebly been imposed rather to meet an immediate fiscal necessie, than adopted from any prole e. dye consideration of the consequences to which such heavy burden, might ultin.ately Iced. The prise of every tiling, whether intended ter home er foreign consumption, was thus, by the combined opeiatier, of a depreciated currency and an excessive rate of taxation, unnaturally h:gh. In the mean time, and under these circumstances, it was not to he ex. p, cud that the trade of the world. which had long been cramped, re - Ntricttd, end distorted, by the inevitable effects of Roonapartes nee'. nental system and of our retaliatory licy, during the Lot yews of the was, could at once revert to a natural and healthy state. Many ht w :t,- terms had grown up; many new prejudices had apparently lete gendered, and many old ono; confirmed : and even if it had been I sri. ble to see at one glance what ought to be the course of our policy, to one could pretend to say what might be the views or principles et' o.her countries in similar circumstances. But we think we are t reithd to state, judging by the sentiments expressed and the course pursued by Lord Goderich, even at an early period after the final cessatior. of the war, that he was satisfied that the real policy would be to break as soon as possible through the trammels of restriction. and above all, of prohibition, which had so long existed, and from which, but for the ie. terveneun of the French revolutionary war, there is now no MAIN test Mt. Pitt would have departed. The first great question which Mr. Robinson, as Vice. President err the Board of Trade, submitted to Parliament, was the Corn hill of 1818: at that time he was not a member of the cabinet, aad may theft ! fore be considerd as having acted au executive rather th an a delibuative part, in proposing that measure t but in opening the subject, he nuts to have studiously avoided taking up the extravagant and high ground upon which many persona, active supporters of restrictive corn laws, were desirous of placing the general policy of agricultural protection : and nothing could manifest more strongly how little he was ittsported • is the Wow of len, Mr. Robintol accompinied Loyd Cloak s's* to rho CWES*, ood,thus became per.onally cognisant of all tbe lotwootiog mod poor wrests which terminated to she oventwoe of r u e. soporteo power.