Star. — London, England, 1830-09-08 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE JOURNALS. CilltoNtct.E.--As great doubts have lately been excited with respect the intentions of Russia, we may state that we have reason to be. ;;eve that one of its leading Statesmen has expressed himself hostile to tiosia interfering against France. We have been informed, on what we %insider good authority, that Count Nesselrode, the Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs, was in Germany, on account of his ;icalth—Prince Lieven holding his periefeuille in his absence— ..chen the Revolution in Paris was consummated. Our informant :von stated that he was at Carlsbad when the news of that event reached hint, and that he bad immediately an interview with Prince Met. ternich. The result of that interview was this :--They both agreed that the wisest course for their respective Governments to pursue would be to leave the French unmolested,unless they should seek tolrevolutionixe other countries. If they did, that measures were to be taken to check them. If they did not, the Continental Powers were to be advised to remain passive. The result of this deliberation, we were informed, was communicated to the King of Prussia, who approved of it, and to the Emperor of Austria, who gave it his sanction. We are inclined, therefore, to suppose that the orders sent by the Russian Govern tnent to its Ambassador at Paris were sent betore Count Nesselrode's opinion and the opinion of the Courts of Germany had reached it ; and we presume that those orders will be recalled, or modified, when the re volution of the other European powers, particularly of England, is known at St. Peter:thumb, and when it is seen that the continued quietness of France affords no other power a pretext for treating her in any but the most friendly manner. We have also reason to be lieve that the determination of the British Government to acknowledge Louis Philippe was not formed till it ;received by a courier (on this day fortnight, we believe) intelligence that such as we have stated them were the opinions of Prince Aletternich and Count Nesselrode. Tr uns.—.ln our paper of yesterday,we gave it as our own opinion,and as that of persons the best informed on those points, that the Emperor of Russia will revoke the order, if such order had been given, for the recall of his Ambassador, and the departure of the Russian subjects from Paris, as soon as he was made acquainted with the actual state of affairs and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in France. We to-day are enabled to speak more distinctly on this subject. True it is that the Emperor of Russia, on his first alarm and indefinite informa tion respecting the French revolution, did, as a precaution, order his ports to be shut against the tricoloured flag, and further commanded the return of his Russian subjects to their native country, adding that Frenchmen could not be allowed to visit the Imperial dominions. His Majesty, however, did not go the length of recalling his Ambassador. It cannot be denied that these orders indicated, at the time of their being issued, both alarm and dislike of the proceedings at Paris ; but al tered circumstances will doubtless alter his views : at all events, we can state with perfect belief that the Emperor Nicholas will immediately re cognize the existing Government of Louis Philip, King of the French. Austria has already recognised the new order of things in France : her recognition proc ee ds to Paris via Berlin, and will be accompanied by that of Prussia. This conjoint mode of proceeding is far from unim portant, as, besides the additional guarantee for the preservation of the general tranquillity of Europe held out by this solemn act of two great continental Powers, it marks a cordiality of intercourse and harmony of purpose in two States, which, from contiguity and various other local reasons, might be supposed most likely to be affected by reciprocal jealouski. Ile stati.D.—.lt cannot be denied that the peace of Europe is, at the present moment, In a state of extreme peril. The shock of the French revolution pervades the continent from the shores of the Tagus to the banks of the Volga, and kings and nations feel the tremblings of the political earthquake, by which the throne of the Bourbon dynasty has ►:en subverted. Whether this fearful state of things is to end in a general war, or new and pacific relations among the various people and Governments of Europe, no political sagacity can yet discover. Much will depend on the good genie or fatuity of those Govern. =tuts themselves ; although, in a crisis of such great excite. ment, and where the combustible materials of revolutions are so thickly struwn, an accidental spark might kindle the flame of war in a way which no human prudence could foresee or avert. Whatever may be the issue of the great events which have so suddenly risen to ccnfound the wisdom of man, and whose remoter consequences are known only to that Supreme Intelligence which governs the destinies of the universe, it must be the wish and hope of every person of well-eonstituted mind, that the progress of revolution may be arrested by those timely reforms which the spirit of the age demands. It is in vain to say that the revolutionary movements which have appeared, and which are in progress, are the work of a few incendiaries, who have conspired together against civil order and legitimate authority, and excited the people to desperate resistance to their rulers. If we search the history of the world we will find that good Governments never produce revolts. tions. There are, indeed, in all countries and under the best Govern ments to be found some turbulent and discontented spirits, who, asLord Bacon expresses it, would " set their neighbour's house on flee to roast their own eggs; but as it always is the interest of those classes who constitute the strength and power of the State to prefer quiet to disturb ance, and order to insecurity, such spirts can never gain an ascendancy over the public mind, unless there be something decidedly wrong in the nature or administration of the Government which people are hopeless of having redressed by peaceable means. Meas.—Besides observations on the opposition to the use of ma chinery, now a subject of immediate interest with the Paris journals, the contents of the papers of Sunday last are in other respects not unimportant. There has been a renewal of the late disturbances at Nismes ; and, though tranquillity is supposed to be restored, for that is not certain, the affair is stated to have been of a very se. rious nature. The ultra violence displayed in this quarter of France is a natural consequence of the encouragement given to the bigot. ed part of the population on the restoration of the Bourbons. The priests then instigated to the slaughter of Protestants at Nismes, as they now do to the destruction of printing-presses in Paris, in both cases a war of barbarism against knowledge and civiliza tion. However, such manifestations of the hostile spirit of a feeble and infatuated party as occur at Nismes cause little uneasiness to the Government, which can safely rely on the general indignation of the country and the activity of the local authorities for their suppression. At filets ouid some other places, where troops are stationed, some regiments have mutinied against officers known to be devoted to the expelled dynasty. At first sight it excites surprise that any officers should be allowed to retain commands in which their influence might be dangerous ; but it seems the Government considers it impossible to supersede them without violating the regulations of the military service. Perhaps, too, the conviction that the present spirit of the soldiers removed any immediate apprehension of risk from the disaffection of their comman ders may have had considerable weight in producing this forbearance. Similar moderation is observed towards the refractory priests, who are endeavouring to organize a Culla party in France. Many of these pious preachers of discord refused to allow the Domains salaam fie twat to be sung in their churches. Of this the Government takes no notice, and to do otherwise would be unjust, as there is now no national religion in France. But the people are not so indifferent, and sometimes get the proscribed part of the service chanted in spite of the priest. The Manifests of Sunday states that the list of appointments to Embassies which has appeared in the papers is not correct.. A passage which we have extracted from the Constitutions's' gives strong indications of an approaching insurrection in Spain. The National says that the reports in the Brussels papers, of the Prince of Orange); entrance into that city, give a very incorrect idea of his reception, and appends some notes to the account, published by the Courrier des Pays Bas, which we inserted in our paper of Monday last. The National asserts, that the erne tion the Prince is said to have evinced was that of fear ! "At the sight of the barricades be turned pale as death !" It must be allowed, however, that the circumstances were such as to agitate the strongest nerves, and that the Prince never seems to have lost his presence of mind. If he was afraid, his fear was not of that abject kind which lismtalifies from action. As to the cries of " Vive le Prince !" the , ommentator says, " There were indeed ,ome such cries, but they were drowned by hisses, and very offensive language was addressed to the Prince, relative to the robbery of the Princess's jewels." NVe have received Cape of Good Hope Papers to the 26th of June. They contain no intelligence worth extracting. The inhabi tants had been greatly alarmed by apiece of the Table Mountain, about fifty tons, having become detached, and had fallen from a great altitude with a noise louder than thunder. The weather had been stormy at the Cape. Tit E EAS'r INDIA COMPANY'S CII A ATER.—WO believe we can mate, on tolerably good authority, that, when the renewal of the East India Charter comes under discussion, both the Company and his Majesty's Government are prepared to make some very important am essions to the desire so generally aid unequivocally expressed by the mercantile body. There will be several modifications proposed by fili. nnters themselves. For instance, the China, trade will be thrown "pro, at least, as far as can be prudently done, with reference to 'he peculiar temper and regulations of the Chinese. The tea trade, •herefore, will be liberated from those fetters which are said to bind :t down in these islands so Injuriously for the public. With r , ,goid to British India, there will likewise be various modifications. facilities will be given to commerce generally. The question of cob. citation is a difficult one. British subjects cannot at present legally told certain kinds of property ; nor can they settle and pursue trade of manufacture without the permission of the Company, or the local au. thonties, who have the power of instantaneous removal. These obstacles ?c, British commercial enterprise will not be altogether removed; but t hey may be lessened in a considerable degree. In a word, the ruling Powers, and the powers in possession ,of the monopoly, alike perceive that the ti me i s come f or c h ange; an d t h ose changes will neither be l to certain nor less beneficial for being made gradually and prudently. — Lodi Intelligenoer. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. DUTCH PAPERS BY EXPRESS. From the Eztraordinary Hague Gazette of Saturday, Supt. 4. HAGUE, SETT. 4. This morning, at half-past nine o'clock, his Royal Highness the Prince of Orange arrived here, and alighted at his Palace. As soon as he was seen riding into the town a great multitude flocked together, and expressed their joy at his return by loud acclsmations. On ali A hting from the carriage his Royal Highness shook bands with great emotion with many persons, and exclaimed, You are brave citizens." A few momer.ts afterwards his Majesty the King, who had been informed of the approaching arrival of the Crown Prince, by Adjutant Omphal, who arrived here this morning at eight o'clock, on which his Majesty went to the Hotel of the Prince of Orange, who returned to his Palace. Scarcely had the assembled crowd, chie fly consisting of persons of respectability, got sight of the King, when a general buns arose from all sides, and all those who were present threw their hats into the air. Every body was affected ; the King himself watt visibly moved. The Prince of Orange going some time afterwards to the King's Palace, was received with equally warm expressions of loyaly by the multitude, consisting chiefly of well-dirssed persons, and was literally borne along by them. His Royal Highness appears to have left Brussels satisfied with the result of his efforts. The people declared that they desired to have every thing done according to the fundamental law, and solemnly pro tested that they desired no other dynasty than that which governs the kingdom; on condition, however, as it is said, that the two parts of the kingdom shall have distinct administrations under the same head. The orange cockade is to be immediately worn, and the orange flag hoisted on the towers. Shortly after the arrival of his Royal Highness in this town a Cabinet Council was called, which is now sitting. We hear that his Majesty, on the repeated and urgent request of M. C. T. Van Maanen, who, during a period of thirty-live years, has served the country in various high offices with so much zeal and fidelity, yesterday gave him an honourable discharge from the office of Minister of Justice, expressing his gratitude for his long and faithful services to the country. (From the Extraordinary Amsterdam Courant, Sept. 4.) The Burgomaster and Magistrates inform their fellow.citizens that the senate of this city unanimously resolved, on the Ist of September, to send &solemn deputation, in these difficult and critical times, to his Majesty our beloved and revered King, to express to him the senti ments of sincere fidelity and attachment of the Magistrates and nume rous population of this city to the government and person of his Ma jesty, requesting him to take such measures as may serve to restore the tranquillity of our dear country, to consolidate more and more his Ma jesty's Government, and to maintain the fundamental laws. This deputation being admitted to an audience of his Majesty yes terday, was not only received in the most gracious manner, but received from him the assurance, that he received with satisfaction the expressions of attachment of his good City of Amsterdam ; that he requested the deputation to testify his pleasure at the good spirit of all climes of the inhabitants; and that he desired no better proof of attachment, than the continuance of that quietness which can alone enable him to consider of such measures, and to propose them to the States General, the legal representatives of the country, as may tend to restore tranquillity and the maintenance of the fundamental law, avoiding every thing that may give occasion, even with the best intentions, to any interruption of tran quillity. The Burgomaster and Magistrates are happy to make this known to their fellow-citisens, and confidently expect that all the inhabitants, as they have done for some days past, will be eager to fulfil the wish of our beloved King, by continuing to avoid every thing that may op. pose this wish, and in particular to be on their guard against all cla mour, unusual assemblages of people, and of those who seek their own advantage, to the prejudice of the worthy inhabitants, and the inter ruption of tranquillity. Burgomaster and Magistrate, F. VAN DE POLL. By command, H. J. BACKER. AMSTERDAM, SEPT. B.—Actual Debt, 2i per cent. 54 to bbi— Deferred Debt, li to li—Bonds of Hope and Co. 5 per cent. 100Ik to 10Ij. Exemstroz ow Lox Dow.-12 07 5-10 to 12 10. Two Month,, 12 02 5-10 to 12 05. _____ TROT[ ♦ SECOND EDITION OF THE TIMES. We have just received, by an extraordinary express from Paris, the Jiloniieur and other Paris papers of the 6th of 3eptember. (From the Moniker.—Official). , " PARIS SEPT. 5 „ " The King has appointed Prince Talleyrand to be Ambassador Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of His Britannic Majesty. (From the Menages des Chanbres..) " LEIPSIC, Auo. 26. " Re have just received here positive information from the first bankers of Vienna, Berlin, and Petenburgh, that none of the three grow continental powers will meddle in the affairs of France, with the formal assurance that they will very shortly recognize Ring Louis Philip. The distance of St. Petersburgh is the only cause of this delay, the three great powers being resolved to act in concert on this great occasion. The Emperor of Austria, to prevent all ill.founded conjectures, has ordered the annual levy of recruits in his dominions to be deferred, and the great reviews usual at this season are countermanded. The Mlle precaution is taken by the Prussian Government." The Messayer des Chambers , dated the 7th, contains the following: " BRUSSELS, SEPT. 4. " Yesterday the Commission appointed by the Prince and by the Duke of Ural unanimously voted the separation of Holland and Bel. glum, and communicated their opinion to the Prince of Orange. The Deputies to the States-General now at Brussels were summoned to the Palace to give their opinion. They declared that they would not go to the Hague, and in their opinion the two parts of the kingdom was indispensable. " The staff of the Burgher Guard and Deputies from all the sections were summoned to the Palace. The deputation of the city of Liege also went thither. There an affecting scene took place. The Prince asked the Assembly what were their wishes ? All the assembly unani mmuly demanded the separation of Belgium and Holland. Al. Moyard, in the name of the Burgher Guard, demanded that the troops should be immediately withdrawn. " The Prince.—But then do you promise to remain faithful to the dynasty ? " The Assembly, with enthusiasm—We swear it. " The Prince.—lf the French entered Belgium, would you join them? " The Assembly.-No, no. " The Prince.-Will you march with me for our defence ? " The Assembly.--Yes, yes, we will. " The Prince.-Will you say with me,' jive le Rol.' " The Assembly.-Not till our wishes arc attended to-but Vire le Prince ! Vise la Neste ! Vive /a Belyique 9' " The Prince burst into tears. The persons embraced each other in the midst of the general enthusiasm, and the old generals could not sup press their emotion. " The Prince understood how pure and generous the Belgic revolu tion is. From that moment the separation of Belgium and Holland was resolved upon, and this separation alone is equivalent to the redress of all our grievances. The Prince of Orange set out at two o'clock for the Hague, escorted by a detachmea of the mounted Burgher Guard. Immediately afterwards the troops, which had been for ten days shut up in the Palace, left Brussels. We are now masters, and the only protec tors of our beautiful city.-Courrier de Pays Bar. The Conseiltatomael and other papers give various particulars rela tive to the disturbances at Niames, in which the constitutional party, being taken by surprise, had at first tire disadvantage. " It appears from a subsequent account that the factious have been defeated." Fatexcit FoNus.-Pmts, Sept. 6.-5 per cents. 102 E 1011. 90k. 102 f. 101 f. 90e. 95e. 91k. 80c. 75c. 65e. 80e. Mc. 40c. 26c. 20c. 25e. 20c. 15e. 101 f. 1111 f. 10e. 20c; 4 per cents. 91f. 75c; S per cents. 71f. 70c. 75e. 85c. 81k. 70e. 75c. 50c. 55c. We. 71f 70f. 95e. 75e. 80e. 80c ; Bank Stock, 1,758 f ; Itentea de Naples, 89f. 50e. 88f. 75c. 611 f. 67f. 75c; Hanes d'Espagne, 19 4; /loyal Spanish Loan, 49 449 48 48 ; Hente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 40 41 40 4 40; Hayden Loan, 400 f. 380 f. Exchange on London, one month, 25f. 40c ; 3 months, 25f. 20c.-fours Atahlhaique. Accounts from the Duchy of Luxembourg state that the events which happened at Brussels had caused great agitation in that country, and in two villages it was extreme. At Luxemboutg, the nu merous Prussian garrison prevented an► disturbances taking place. It appears, that previous to the revolution breaking out at Brussels, 6,000 English were in that capital, since which 3,000 have left for England and Prance; a great number of them have arrived at Valenciennes. _ Tut: POLIGNAC F&MILT.—The Polignac family is ori ginally Venetian ; the nathe is Pollasuone, which means large capon. This name, being somewhat rustic. was but rarely used. They bought the Polignac estate, near Puy-en-Velay, and took that name. They were not known in France before the time of Catherine de Medici& _ _ A correspondent informs us, that the Duke of Ragusa left this country for the Netherlands ten days ago, and, consequently, could not have been at Woolwich on Friday, as erroneously stated.—Aforising Paper. A letter from Vienna of the 25th of August, states that M. de Meturnich is said seriously to intend retiring from public affairs, and that the Archduke Charles will take the supreme direction. A German paper, under the date of Vienna, May 5, says, 6 , The title of Count, of James Count Von Lockhart, the Emperor's chamberlain, Major.Oeneral, and Knight of the Order of Maria The. rem, becoming extinct by the death of his son, without children, his Imperial Majesty has been pleased so transfer the title to his great nephew, hir Charles Macdonald Lockhart, Baronet, of the Kingdom of Ureat Britain." N i 4VAL INTELLIGENCE. The folios% ing communication, addressed to the Chairman of Lloyd's, has been posted at that Establishment this morning : " Foreign Office, Sept. 7. " Sia,—Wi , h reference to the communication made to you by Lord Douglas on the 2ti ult. in answer to your letter of the 31st Julyt on thy subject of the capture of four British vessel► by the Portuguese squadron off Terceira. I am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to ac quaint you, for the information of the Committee for managing the Affairs of Lloyd's, that advises have been received from Mt. Macken zie, his Majesty's Consul General at Lisbon, stating that the Portu guese Government had acceded to the demand made on the part of his Majesty's Government for the liberation of the four vessels in question ; for compensation for their detention ; and fur the dismissal of the officer commanding the Portuguese frigate, the Diana. Ilis Majesty's ship Galatea remained in the Tagus, for the pur -1 pose of rendering assistance in preparing the vessels for sea. (Signed) " To the Chairman of Lloyd's." ".1. BACKHOUSE. The following arrivals are posted at Lloyd's :—The Emilia, Al meida, from Rio Janeiro, off Dover; Cora, Miller, from Bahia, off Hastings ; Courier, C,watkin, from Cape Hayden, at Cowes; Triton, Denton, from Quebec, at Topsham ; and Industry, Sellers, from Lis bon, at Torbay. Drat, Sari. 7.—Wind N. W.—Arrived from London, the Lively, Ford, for Smyrna, and Cyrus, Kingston, for the South Seas. Ar rived the Yansittart, Scott, (tom China. Poitristourri, Scrr. 7.—Wind N. N. W.—Sailed the Ferguson. Young, for Bengal, and his Majesty's ship Columbine, for Halifax. PLYMOITTU. Seer. G.—Wind W.N.W.—Arrived the Briton, —, from St. John's (N. 8.); and Express, Wills, from Malaga. FALUOUTII, SrPT. 6.—Wind W. to W.N.W. IIE ARMY. 'ruiner FORT.—It is stated that the King will, on an early day, visit Tilbury Fort, and will also take the opportunity of honouring the Earl of Darnley's' seat, Cobham Hall, on the opposite shore, with his Royal presence. It is I urther stated that the Ring will pass on to Gravesend, and visit the ground planned out for the new town, which Lord Darnley is about to build. His Illajesty is to be invited to iv. christen the town with a more cheerful name, and to banish for ever the term 4, Gravesend? The invalids of that ancient place, Tilbury Fort, are cleaning up the place for his 31ajesty's reception, and a supply of soldiers is expected next week. MILITARY Slovene:4ra.— -Yesterday morning, between seven and eight o'clock, a detachment btlonging to the tint battalion cf the Cold. stream Regiment of Foot Gouda, marched front the barracks in Port. man -street, on route for Kew, and relieved a similar detachment be longing ,to the third battalion of the Grenadier Regiment of Guards, which, upon their arrival in London, proceeded into ‘Vestminster tuuten. THE FORTY-SECOND REGTSIENT.—We have been favoured with the sight of a letter from Sergeant-Major Wheatley, of this distinguished regiment, now stationed at Gibraltar, and give publicity to the following interesting extract :—" In the month of February about 200 of the non commissioned officers and men entered into a subscription, under the patronage of the Lieutenant-Colonel, to fonts a library. The subsoils. tion required was six days pay of whatever rank the individual held. In twenty-four bouts we had every non-commissioned officer in the re giment, and 152 men. On the same day a committee of management was appointed, consisting of three sergeants, two corporals, and one man from everts ten of the privates. At the first meeting of the committee were elected a president (who is also librarian, and has under him a paid deputy and the deputy's assistant), a vice-presi. dent, a treasurer, and two auditors. A list of books was immediately made out and commissioned front London; bye-laws were drawn up and approved ; a room was allotted to serve the double purposes of a library and reading room. In ten days we were in possession of two hundred volumes, and the library was opened to subscribers. Since that we have received nearly 600 volumes of new works from London. and 200 more are ordered. At first the library was only open to one half of the subscribers at once for alternate fortnights ; but for the last five weeks it has been open to all. The subscribers au amount to 224. Every subscriber pays sixpence monthly to keep up the establishment. Subscribers; are now only admitted quar terly. The first subscription was paid in three instalment's, but those who now enter must pay all at once, having time to ptepare. Many more are anxious to subscribe. About 50 volumes of our beat works,and anyperiodicals (Blackwood, of course) we have, are reserved for the reading-mom. We have received a great many donations from the officers of the regiment in money and books ; they have done every thing in their power (with their usual kind attention to the corn. forts of the men) to promote the welfare of the institution. Our re pletion. are considered excellent ; the men pay every attention to the preserving of the books; and, in a few years, keeping from campaign ing. I think we shall have a respectable concern. The beneficial effects are already evident in various ways, particularly in the decrease of crime among those who are subscribers." We are proud that our gallant countrymen, who have ever been foremost in danger, should also be foremost in such a labour as that we have here recorded. We look upon the foundation of this library as a glorious era in the annals of the Bri tish army.—Edinburgh Chronide. MR. OWEN'S SYSTEM. Pursuant to public advertisement, a Meeting was held at Freemasons' Ball, on Monday afternoon, the object of which was—" To take into consideration the best mode of rationally educating, employing, and uniting the people, in order to prevent the necessity for the distressing occurrences which have lately taken place in France, as well as to give a new and beneficial direction to the enormous mechanical power which is now reducing the greater part of the population to poverty and misery." About two o'clock Mr. OWE N, of Lanark, was called to the Chair, and was loudly applauded. The Meedng was numerously attended by persons of the highest consideration, and respectability ; and after the customary preliminaries, Mr. Own/ gave the following luminous exposition of his System : _ . . Our meeting to-day is to take into consideration the best mode of rationally educating, employing, and uniting the people ; I need not add that it is the most important subject th it can be brought before you. The time of a public meeting of this character is too valuable to be occupied in any thing not immediately relevant to the business be. fore it. I will therefore at once proceed to explain my views of this ail-important subject, and afterwards, I am sure, all p.rties will be gratified to hear the observations of any one present, who has ob tained sufficient information, from previous study, to enlighten the pub lic respecting them. I say previon. information, because it requires a knowledge of what ins been said by the most inteliigent, aid (how by the most practical of ancient and modern times, with extensive experi ence in practice. aided by much deep refection, to be prepared to consider this subject with any real utility to ourselves, or to others. I trust, therefore, that none who are net thus prepared will occupy much of the time of the meeting. All who relent and feel a real in in the permanent wellbeing of this country, and who wish to see the productive classes relieved 1 from the poverty and misery which now oppress them, desire to know I what are the causes which prevent the people from being rationally educated, productively employed for themselves, and sincerely united in good and kind feelings*. It is gratifying to know that the time has 1 at length arrived, when there can he no real utility in attempting to deceive the public. Truth alone is now required; and truth alone. without any regard to the prejudices and passions of men, shall be upon this occasion placed before you. The grand obstacle which 111111 hitherto prevented the people from being rationally educated, is the false religions which prevail over the world, and which for so many ages have been lowed into the infant mind in all countries. And the population of the world, by receiving these false religions in infancy, has thereby become incompetent to peiceive the errors of the religion in which it has been eilue.ted. It is from this cause alone that each individual is traisid to licher.. the religion of his country, or district, to he the frue religion ; and all others to be deceptions, forced in infancy into the minds of it% votaries. In thib re spect all the religions in the world are alike. Each is termed by its professors the true reldrion, and all the others false ones. This is now the grand obstacle in the way of giving a national education to the people of all countties. in consequence of the religious influence over all seminaries. there is tat to be found en the Jute qi the earth one eafablisAneent formed to train a human being to be rational. They are all now necessarily devised to destroy the reasonirg faculties during childhood and youth ; to compel men to receive and retain religious impressions; and they are thereby made to become the most irrational and deceptioua animal' upon the earth. The human race is thus compelled to experience the greatest of all possible oppres sions, and to become mental slain. The only possible way to prevent this degradation, is now to form arrangements to educate the human species, without the knowledge of any one of the opposing religions of the world, until the period when the judgment is :natured ; and then to place all religions, without prejudice to any, before each individual, that that they may have some chance of coming to a right conclusion respect. ing their truth or error. By this simple expedient the true religion, If one exists, will be oils vernally established its one poeration. An other expedients to a.. cover the true religion most fail. All who oppose this just mefe of emancipating the human mind from mental slavery, the greatest of 4 hymen miseries, cannot feel an honest conviction, that the religion Is [which they were compelled to be educated le the true one; will bar the investigation of matured, well.tnioed judgment.— My own conviction is, that the only true religion is Truth, or konwlidge. in accordance with all facts and with reason, on subjects relative to hu man nature and society. To give a rational education to man, then, he must not any of the existing religions, to priselice the mind in its favour. I lis mind should be kept perfectly free, until it shall be pre•viele.ly nett: , .1 in a knowledge of undisputed facts relative to his own natui c, 41•11 to human society. This knowledge he may be educated to coon , at twelve or fourteen years of age, when the foundation, principles, :ell dogmas, of all the past and present religions of the world. should be im partially explained. He should have time allowed t.' compare all the e religion., and to reflect upon what has been said and written for. sml against, each ; and then to contrast them with the tindispreed facts respecting human nature and society. Ile will oat/ aro, for tier first time in the known history of the human race, became comp:•tent is express an opinion, deserving the notice of rational La i..g4, relative to the truth or falsehood, or value, of any religion.—fly friends! mind you shall be permitted to form arrangements to effect this • civnfr its the education of your children, you will cosign them to th • same de gtadation and mental slavery, to which you were committed by nor parents. You will make them, as you have been made. crier, Icc irrational beings. This is the first step to be taken, before in. re cTu be the slightest chance of your children being rationally cducat‘d Our next enquiry is—what are the ebstacles which prevent the rt'll. ple from being rationally employed ? The chief of th. se obstacle• i . also the wretched education which all classes, from the higlies: to ti.: lowest, have received. Their reasoning faculties have been •ii t • vetted by it, that every thing regarding thew own nature and hum tr society, is presented to them through a medium of gems decept:.m. So thoroughly era their minds thus prevented from seeing the troth, that they are compelled to imagine vice to be virtue, and virtue vice ; also, that the creation of useless and worthies. productions, is the crea tion of wealth ; and that tokens for labour, called nuitity, are real riches; that they act wisely in giving their labiiiir for these token., depriving themselves thereby of real wealth, eiv,::g it to others win. never produce any wealth. Before people Call be rationally emit •ye.l for their own benefit, they must be trained to think, and act. I,ke beings endowed with reason ; they must be taught whetein red wealth consists ; bow it can be, in the best mancer, the most abut!. dandy produced and how it can be the most ben•ficially distributet and enjoyed. The false religions of the world have rendered the iu• nt population of all countries almost unfit to enter upon, much leo to investigate fully, and without prejudice, any of these important subjects. They little suspect that real wealth consists, not in money Of tokens for labour, but in superior food, dwellings, clothes, furniture, cultivation, instruments, implements, machinery, ship•, &c. Ste ; all which, by the aid of machinery properly directed, may be created, Ina!l countries, in great superfluity. But by money or tokens of labour being taken without any adequate return of labour, the peo ple of all countries are made the physical—as the take religions make them the mental—slaves of a senseless system ; apparently beneficial to a few. while, in reality, it is most injurious to all ; injurious alike to the Governor, the Priest, the Lawyer, the Soldier, and the wealthy ; almost as much as to the plain Citizen, and the daily labourer. It is a system which must produce poverty in the niass, and keep them in perpetual ignorance and degradation ; and the more wealthy classes in a highly injurious artificial state, an d in continual alarm for their lives and fortunes. Neither can the productive classes, wader this system, be ever again in a state of comfort, as long as mechanical. and other scientific power, shall be—as it is now—in direct competi don with manual labour. The present mode of using machinery, un der the direction of individual competition, is calculated to make the rich more wealthy, without adding to their comfort or happiness ; and the poor more destitute, and greater slaves to their masters. le fact, to make the useless classes enormously wealthy, and the pro , directs of all wealth, the most abject of human beings. And that a very different application must, therefore, be given to mechanical and other scientific power, before the people can he rationally employed for their own benefit, or for the real advantage of society. That, however, which is the most required to promote the pros• perity and happiness of mankind, is to unite men cordially together, ill good and kind feelings. But as long as any notions, contrary to facts and to reason, relative to any religion, sballbe forced into the young mind, and as long as machinery shall be applied in competition with manual labour, it will be impracticable to unite men cordially toge. ther, or to implant in their minds genuine charity, or love for each other. These obstacles must be removed, before the people can be rationally educated, employed, or united. When these errors, and grievous and melancholy evils, shall be withdrawn, then may we com mence the delightful tuk of forming new arrangements to educate. employ, and unite the people, in such a manner that ignorance, po verty, or unkind, or uncharitable feelings, shall be entirely unknown among them. A knowledge of the laws of human nature, has now disclosed to us the simple process by which chatacter—either good or bad—is formed for mats. We can, in consequence, now adopt deci sive measures, to form a good and very superior character for every individuaL Knowing that man has not the power to form his own convictions le his feelings, his thoughts, or his will, the new character which will be lea to him will be devoid of anger, and full of charity for the human rm. The cause of difference of opinion, and of feeling, among men, heist made familiar to all, none will be surprised, or displeased, with the open expression of them. This knowledge of our nature, and source of our thoughts and feelings, will withdraw the innumerable causes of disunion which now keep human beings apart, and estranged from each other. Suspicion between mats and man will not be known ; but a full and entire confidence will every where exist. Under the prevailing opinions, engendered by false notions, relative to religion., there is little real union among any portion of the human race; it will be difficult, however, if not altogether, unpracticable, to cause any un pleasant division among them, under a system founded upon a know ledge of human nature, and the science of society. The direct °him. , of all religions and governments have been to disunite mankind in the, thoughts and feelings, that the few at the head of these religion. and goverment., might enslave the mass of the people, mentally and phy sically. But the great art of modern times has been to enslave the people ; and yet to render them so stupid as to make them believe they were free. Of all the Patina among whom I have yet been, in any part of the world. the population of these islands, under the name of being free, is the most enslaved. The productive dames work harder individually, pay more taxes, and receive fewer benefits for their labor, than any people I have visited in any other country. Yet they possess more means than any other people to insure individual and general pros perity and happiness; while they produce less of both. than I have witnessed in the most barbarous countries through which I have tra velled. This state of matters has arisen solely from the wide extret of the erroneous education which the inhabitants of these islands receive ; and from the enormous amount of machinery, and other scientific power, which is employed in direct competition with nialual labor. These two powers united are abundantly sufficient to generate the mental slavery which uni Ily exists in the British empire : and to overwhelm the productive classes with all the crimes generated by ignorance. But all classes, from the highest to the lowest. are neces sarily made mensal Jeers and irrational beings, under the existing system of education and government. The higher classes, who are taught to consider it their interest to enforce this system on the pro ductive classes, which constitute the great mass of the people, are un conscious that they are thereby made mental slaves to the most de grading of all vices—slave.. to au entire system of deception, which is juiced upon them front their cradle; and which compels them to be come mete ignorant localized beings; placed, from their birth to death. snider circumstances the most injurious to the cultivation and enjoy ment or the highest and most delightful faculties of their nature. Do you require proof of the truth of this statement? You shall have it to the conviction of the most obdurate. Is it not one of the must obvious facts known to the human race, that a child conies into the world helphiso, unknowing what he so, bow he was formed, or whence he came ? All men will answer—Yes. This, therefore, I will call fact No. 1. Is it nut obvious to the human race, that no two of these helpless infants are the same, at bitch and through life? .111 men will answer—Yes. This, therefore. I tall fact No. Y. Is it not obvious to the human race. that the difference between human beings at birth was not made by themselves? All men will answer—Yes. This. therefore, I call Joel No. S. hit nut obvious to the reflectult and intelligent part of the human race, that each child thus coming into existence, has its future character materially formed for hint, by the external circumstances of the country and district in which he bees. and of the people by whom he is surrounded ? AU intelligent men will answer— Yes. This, therefore, I shall call fort No. 4. Is it not obvious to the reflecting and intelligent par: of the Wotan race, that the remaining part of the character sod conduct ot each child, is formed by its peculiar organization, re-acted upon by the external circumstances All inteldgent men will answer—Yes. This therefore I call filet Vu. .3. Is it not then obvious, to the reflecting and intelligent of the human race, that it is a self-evident deduction trom the five preceding uni versally acknowle4ged facts, that the character of each child is formed ,tor him, by the peculiar organis ,tion given to him, by some power unknown to him.without his ►nowledge or tonsent,and by the influence of the general and particular circumstances acting upon his peculiar or. ganisation. and which external circumstances, during bit infancy and childhood, are tormettfor him without bis consent ?AU intelligent men will answer—Yes. This, therefore, I call self evident deduction No. 1, from self evident facts, No. 1 to 5. Is it not obvious, to the re flecting and intelligent of the human race, that the subsequent thoughts, acting•, will, and general conduct, of each individual, when at maturity. unavoidably proceed from the future external circum stances, influencing the compound character of the being so formed ; together with the petpetual re-action of this daily growing new com pound, upon the external circumstances? All intelligent men will auswee—l'es; because there is only the organization, sad external circumstances, perpetually acting and re-acting upon each other, to trent the whole ch of every human heist& however good or bad their conduct may be said to be. This, therefore, I call self-evident Jethietion No. 2, from facts Ito S. Is it not obvious, to all the re fleeting and inteUigent of the human rate,fronsfactsblo.l to 5. and from the Of evident truths No. I and 2, deduced from those facts, that the ' F .. ~~ ~~ '1 1 t