Star. — London, England, 1812-03-04 00:00:00

had teen the result or an excessive exportation in the foa m • Though the amount of •eaporta had b een y e ti.uted from Last yam, yet it Was more by twenty. 'four than that of 1803 and 16044 Yet at n 1 i tiler o f those 'mods had the ruin of the country Wilt vonte mplated as approachn:ig. He could not perceive - under such al Cumst inces, for ers in Council, brit what Orders in Council were they ? Every one on his side of t h e Thinie‘vis at a lass 16 know whether* were those ofltntiaty, T 607, nr of April, 1809 ; was the Committee to distinguish for him ? But what were the grounds Insislked on to spew to the H'ouge the propriety of suckst'lnensure t . Had they attemf ed to she' de.tvour to bring !tack. the stk e;it'son of the Mere to e nt wetibe slAse lorserbloc*ade inkier ese preview, Or theiliji"question gpon'whichlhey were to decide. Tin ders into tt mote lim;ted blockade, rendering that had listened to that Hon. and Learned Gentleman which was retained more rigors:mi t as to the p;rs with til that attention and deference which he Was et France •and ItAly, and exempting the ports of t:es all times ready to pay to what tell from hitu, but 14,:rth. This eaplanati If of the Orders of V;O7 more particularly upon a subject with which he had /809 was Ms answer to the question of in , 11 , •,1 of - pr y rare .- - desPon- - elite _ ..w, thit the •inisfaitunes.of the' reputation „ being peculiarly tonversaut. Oa Leanedl;a. .....,pow e r tl e te r se to wei til e e tl ll i ti e ts O ti rlts °l tl i de li h r on' as "r he jeep Th e ma rket it was supposed .we could not the country anise from a persistence in those decrees, an occasion, such as that afforded by the motion understood the toes:eon, the Henotrable and Learned fa in lee% we h a d foetid in ISIO it was much ex- or th a t t h e wounds xeouldbe healed up hy thei r repea l? u n d er cons iderat ion, he had expected that his Host. Gentleman opposite (Mr. Broughem) wiseed to tem. H e co uld moreover confidently state, that :I'hey had, indeed, made an attempt at such a state- end Learned Friend would have distinctly and de. have referred to a Select Cuss here, fir the pte• the co urse o f the last two months the E xc h ange merit, but .f the commerce denied the as- monstr a tively l a id d ow n a ll t h e pr i nc i p l es on which pose of .4SC• crt. t iuing, as the change of eircemean cs • • i° :fiare e urg h h a g risen from 10 to 15 pe r cent . and sert i ons. Th e country had evinced under the latest the ecnduct of the British Government could he jus. beisinen 180 and 181.9 had rendered :us e l• era e oa elute/ es i n i tse lf a p rac ti c al r efutati on o f th e d oe - returns, a state o f unparalleled prosperity in trade, tified in having adopted and maintained the Orders 9f the Orden o f the former yea r ne c e ssar y, w h et h er •• .. i., . w hi c h h a d been advanced by some Gentlemen far surpassing. the most sanguine conception. Now, i in Council. This course was the tether to have been any change had Liken-place since 1809, which would ~ e epreei te side of the House in the Bulldog the contemplation of the returns made before the ere: • expected on the part of his Hon. and Learned Friend, call for any • • further alteration at the press nt tram a a co al tonm e tee . America herself had always said that anon of the Orders in Council, stewed an evident I because the principles Upon which he had always The change; which he ha i l undergo es ! t h e H enota e 1 ite did. not, expressly quarre l . with the, Orders in falling away in the British trade ; not a transitory • considered the Orders in Council to rest and to be able and Learned Gentleman to allude to, were rest c o uncil, but desired more particulerly that so much stop, but a complete stagnation of all trade. And 1 justifiable, had that night, for the first time since external but internal. He was perfectly - aware that bi - our prior ennetlnenta should be rescinded as would . were they to be gravely informed that the Orders in 1 their adoption, been shaken by the speech of the a reference to a Committee en such subjects .as the Lutude to her traffic. But were the Bri 4 Council had occasioned all thin ? Gentlemen would I Right Hon.theVice.Presieent ofthe Board of nade. distresses of manufactures and trade would not- by Oise grealer. . ark pr w e enserit t o comply with the desire • expressed . see, who had all along branded the measure by the lf the queition had been what his Honourable and any remedy. Gnu knows it could not. For his own' by a , H ono urable Gentleman, then America, 100- name of an experiment, that tee dperiment had. been ' Learned Friend had expected it would he—what, ;mit, he did nut think that these distresses weraattri. se a m her present restrictions, would sweep away a most effectual one, restoring the trade to the noun. i throughout the greater part of his speech, he had aro testable to the Orders in Ciiiincil, nay, he may per. • from Our h a nd s the whole Brazilian commerce, along etre, and creating an increaseof 22 tnillions sterling on' gued It—and wliat e in the rentainder, he never ceased haps be of opinion ilea 'bete Orders were calculated to prevent them : but still it wis impossible for that s ite all that which 'bel o nged to the Northern parts 1 exports, and 2ltinillionson imports. Such had beenthe to lament it wax not—he—lie should, pails:, d Europe . I t had appeared, both from the conduct': experiment, and a most triumphant one. ifehis Home not have felt much difficuley in concurring with him House to 'hut their eves to the impression which pre. dour &Jo:sc enemies, and from the behaviour of; were to appoint a Sel ec t C omm i ttee, to w h at in a greater part o f w h a t h a d , f a ll en from him on the vailed throug h the count! yun the subject. They *friend., that the system so much reprobated by • sources of information were they to resoi•t ? They occasion—but, if he understood the qu es ti on su b. were aware 'Of the representations that Lad and , the H„ 1 „. Gentleman was one of the greatest securi- ' would have Mr. Baring and Mr. Manning examined mined to their consideration by the Hon. and Leal is- would be made to them on the suliject. They must siei te c h t he natiun had for her commerce, as the *upon that branch of trade in which they were enaag- ed Gentleman opposite (Mr. Brougham) they were feel a full conviction of the existence of discontents tra d e carried on before had been a complete :ed with America. They would have continental net tallied upon to decide whether or not the Orders in throuehout .. , .• , fraud and • each ive of - petted the expediency of a.Parliamentary inquiry, mg to the public mind to know that France, ' gerated account of the commerce in which they we re' mittee to inquire into the state of the manufactures which might satisfy the public mind as to me real 'kg haring compelled them into an adoption of those concerned, and what would be the advantage arising and trade of the country with reference to those Or- grounds it the distress which was felt, and spew that Orders by her tyrannical acts, had at last found them • from all this inf ormat i on ? W ou ld t hi s b e su ffi cient ? ders. For hi s own p art , h e s h ou ld f ree l y own, that no part of it WAS a consequence of Or den i n tilling heavy upon her own head to a very consider- No. The House would then have to consider a ll the so far as he could foresze any effect of this inquiry Council. Nothing was more common than when a bl e ex t e nt. It appeared by the returns of the French political and belligerent interests connected with this upon his mi si, he was persuaded that he should come &tresses were felt, to assign them to some ostensible flame for 1806 that ae2,440,000 per annum accrued ' subject. They would have to go still farther ; ac- out of the Committee with precisely the same opi. cause : this was the fallacy inseparable troin hunian e ars t he eustoms ; b u t te tha t fm bran thech omenomcemet of !cording to the ar gumen t s o f t h e Honourable Gentle. nion respecting the O r d ers i n C ounc il w i t h w hi c h h e nature. Evils, the source of which were not visible , the ow n in Counf te revenue man who spoke last, they would have to inquire into ' would go into it. Bat it had been asked by his Ho- 1 were generally ascribed to measures, the operation died suddenly away, dwindling down to £460,000 in !the commercial relations of the whole world. If th ey Tic - air:Cole and Learned Friend, as it had been before of which was not I ally known, and no maxim was the year !we From that period, too, the revenue • went into a Committee to inquire into the state of the a:--ked with something like infantine simplicity in ano- more false in itself, or m ore generally applied than this arising from their traffic had sensibly decreased, and l manufactures, and into the general state of the cotta. ther place, what Orders in Council were meant to be i •' roe hoc ergo aropter but." though it had in 1810, arisen to upwards of ; try, it would give no satisfaction, bat would, on the inquired into ?To his Honourable and Learned The Honourable and Learned Gentleman who 4000,000, yet that would be considered as an un- ! contrary, have a tendency to raise doubts which, at Fnend'i question he had no.difficulty in answering, brow* forward this Motion, had, in his speech, natura l increase, because' it was swollen by the im- ! present, did not exist. it they looked to their Statute that the Orders were thetas iii' the 7th of January,' : wlii: It was not more remarkable for abi;ity than, mense r o bbenes which the enemy committed in the- Books, they would see many periods at whith the 1867, sod of 'April,* Mt, (Wets ili Cot.ni:ii which cons doing the answer that had been given to it, tor Baltic. In the French Bank Returns of 1807, manufacturers were equally distressed, not from any had beet found highly 4eeess cry, greatly b-neficial, mederation, had connected with this subject another, I ark,ooo,ooo was the amount of discount, and it fell I Orders in Council, not from any act of the Governs- • and fully justified upon every giound of right, and • which, in his mind, had no connection whatever st eh fast away until 1810, wten there appeared an annuall inent, but from the fluctuation of the demand for our every principle of the law of nations, until they had ' it. That Honourable - and Learned Gentleman had return of (only R1'.,',000,000. Her total amount of I manufactures in the foreign market ; for as long as been seaken by the doctrines held by the Right Ho- argu d the el • -•cip of the Orders in Council as cost revenue C (11l a re venue .arising film her commerce and manufac- i there was a fluctuation in the demand for British nourable Gentleman (Mr. Rpse), the Vice-President sleeted with the swan of licences; against any such tines, acccreing to her /nest p r osperous returns, was ' commodities on the Continent, so long must there b• of the Board of Trade. —(Hear, luar.)—For these • connection he must forcibly protest. The Orders in 4,ooo,ooe,while the re:urn ot Britain in exports alone ! times when the manufacturers must be distressed ; Orders in Council, so far as he had been connec:ed • Cor Ina might be -established without any system of was/66,000,000. On the whole,therefore,it appeared, [for whenever the Continental market was overstock- with their adoption, he Was ready to take his full Lcences, and the syseena of licences might be carried that the Orders 'in C. until had occasioned a consi- ed by a superabundance in the supply of British me. share of responsibility. What Orders truly were tai the full extent to which jt had been carried with. &table decrease of inc French revenue, and had we !nufactures, distress and calamity must follow, as the meant ? Why, they were Orders in'Council, which, i out the Orders in Council having been previoutly in not Sappily produced such a measure, the enemy necesssar y consequences. To ,go into a Committee . until he had heard the speech of the: Right Hopour. ; existence, or both may be cceexistent without any ne • Wet have become very dangerous rivals to ihe Eng- now, would be only to raise a bias in the minds able Genaleman (Mr. lease) that tight, he had al., eatery crninaction ; and, indeed, the best possible, lisp commerce. Under all the disadvantages of beii,g ,of the manufacturers which might not so rea dily b e ways looked upon as r e tali a t or y upon the climb because the most iadieputable practical evidence , that obliged to have recourse to foreign ships for the car- appeased, and therefore so far from producing any which had been so understood in every instance, tying ea of the traffic, Britain. had increased* in tenth and in riches, while her enemy had become e aute more impoverished than at any other periodi— Therefore, under such-a view ofthesubject, he would pathievoice against thepreient motion, as one - wholly dangerous to we prosperity of the British commerce. Mr. BARING highly eulogized the able and du t speech of the Honourable Gentleman who had ght forward the present motion, and with whine ies he expressed high approbation. With regar d i tithe flourishing statements which bad been maile , un- they had no necessary connection; was the tact, . that lbeneficial advantages to the country, it w ou ld on l y • ail the Viee-President of the Dosed of Trade, in cons where the Orders in Couacil did not o p era t e , th ere rend to in nation and kjury. If the House wa s t o g o to tradiction to e v e r y statemen t w hi c h h as hi t h erto been I the Licence trade existed, and whe ie th e s y stem of t the extent of the Hon. Mover's proposition, th e y m us t b e given to the Public on the subject = in c o n t ra di c ti on prepared to violate the most sacred treaties ; thi s was to every document in offi c e re s p e cting the se O r d ers — - ' tamed was in activity, there the Orders iii Council did Lot apply. Whatever may be the misehiete e proposition m o st monstrous in itself; and i nsu lti ng in c o ntradiction t o ever y co mm u n ica ti on whi c h he therefore, ot the licences, the Orders in Council, be ;to the moral feelings of the House. In d e f en di ng (Mr. Canning) had made, and every dispatch written ' would maintain, were guiltless of it. When he coati ; the system of licences , he adverted to the opi n i on o f in his o ffi cial ch a ra c ter, e xpl a natory o f their nat ure I the Continental merchants, . who would not trust their and spirit—in cont r adiction to every speech which! !goods in neutral ships, unless protected by Briti s h had been made in Parliament in defence of them, I licences. Without these licences, the British trad e had thought proper to represent them, not as mea would be in danger, not only from capture by the sures retaliatory upon the enemy, but as measure. of dered the impression whica prevailed in the country, , he was not prepared to oppose the motion for an in qiiiry, whatever may be his Ife e liag s , if the Honour table and Learned Member in the fi rst instance were to propose to repeal the Orders in Council. If the byahe Right Hon. Gentleman on the opposite side, enemy, but also be liable to capture from our own self-defence. He knew it might be urged that they House were to refer the subject at all, he was in lie would only say, that any person why dialked• the [maritime regulations ; without these licences every might be said to be self-defensive, because retaliatory dined to think that the witole should be referred. streets of Lonuon, miclicint . having any intercourse i vessel might be Seized by British cruizers, no trade measures ; but if they were to be in no larger a sense, The Orders in Council he believed had been bent whatever with mercantile men,-woulchnot hesitate in 'tould be carried on with the Continent of Europe, It retaliatory than as self-defensive—if they were not to ficiale but of the eaten tages of the system of li. saying, that such descriptions were not earramed hi was idle therefore to attribute the distress of our ma- retaliate directly against the enemy, but to be delen. censes he had his doubts: but lie would not presume the sta te o f th e commerce i n th e n o tion at preeenre.'nufactures to this system s or to any other act of the sive against a t ival in trade—if they were not to be bel- , to prejudge the question. Some Gentlemen seemed and would strongly advocate the necessity* ad pt - Government. His Honourable Friend had charged ligerent measure!, but purely detensive, then all the Ito look at the appointment of a Committee as unpre. !rig some rneastnttending to lessen, aLtrm. and • Vcos thit system *as supported by perjury, and originating arguments by which they had hitherto been sup I cedented and alarming ; but be could discover no note security in mert•an6le minds. Wheelie cunt- gmund of apprehension in such a measure. It was in fraud; if the Coverninent did not countenance this : ported by them wauld tail to apply, and he shou ld templated the probability of the Americans beetiming systemour irade would be utterly ruined, and - revert no longer support what he had •looked upon as usual in this House to appoint Committees, whether the rivals of Britain in the trade to SpantehA l cherielaa '--- - 'Lnt a i e r a t b gi e to America, and other neutrals. The Ho. ' retaliatory upon as a belligerent, it they nese to general or select (he preferred a select Committee), sin die removal of the Orders in Councia • lit could f Member who vole last, attributed all our lose that character and be considered as measures to inquire into the state of trade, into the distresses of only say, there was eery lit t l e p ossi b i lity o t any such ; calaMitielik out MtginAy resisting the gasconade of of commercial riealrye He had understood the the manufacturers, and into the circumstances of the success on the puma'. the Congress. When the remit; Bonaparte't lifeich‘mg Decrees, and yet he • 'would ' grounds of these Orders to rest neon the principle commerce of the country. It was not unusual either formerly was free to the rivalsiiip of nations, America remind that Honourable Gentleman,that in his speech :of retaliation - alone, and he should beg leave to in• to bring such questions again before the House.— meter exported above the amount of one million to the , upon a former night, he declared, he never would . traduce the few observations he -had to address to E ven th e O r d ers i n C ounc il h a d i n t h e first instance • s° llll eru contieent; the reason 'was clear. Spanish ! give up the Order of Conine of January , 1807. He the House on the subject, by recalling their atten- undergone a fuller discussion than any measure of America had a tas t e. like her parent government, for : s h ou ld ever b e d es i rous to ma ke th e greatest sacr ifi ce *: t i on to t h e or d er i n w hi c h t h ese measures were resort- I trade had previously had in Parliament. If eighteen theelegancies and luxuriesof lite, and North America ' had no such in support of our commercial interests. The Orders ed to. When the French Government had thought months after they had been originally adopted' they required revision and alteration, the period that haul productions on all her continent, Britain ''• in Council had been the source of much misconstrue- proper to declare the British Islanda in a state of was therefore oar country which supplied her desires, I don, of much perversion of truth, of d storting facts, blockade, it was thought right by the British Govern- since elapsed might have produced changes which and enjoyed the richest benefits ot her commerce. ''and of much false logic ; but nothing was more de- ment to denounce to the' world the injustice of the would render a further alteration necessary. Wish Respecting th e impo.,sibility, as 'it was called, of monstrable to him than this, that we must not retract i proceeding, and to proclaim it s own r i g h t to retaliate, I respect to the discontents which were known to diet, Fian ce procuring any ' supplies o f raw ' co -ton, h e those only means, which under PROVIDENCE must at the sante time iinnouncing that if it did not carry he would ask, would it be nothing to pronounce could not ptrceivr what could prevent her, had she protect our commercial interests, the only means by its retaliation to the full extent to which it was end• by a vote of a Committee rather than by speeches the inclination ; she had abundant means ot inter- which we are enabld to resist and defeat the over- tled it was influenced by expediency only. The words in that House, that they were not attributable to course with the neutral ports* by cenels e down which bearing tyranny, and boundless ambition of our have- of the Order in Council made on the 7th of January,' the Orders in Council I Would it be nothing it lei eit migheforwerd c4eciu in such quantities that he' terate enemy. i 1807, were " whereas (reciting the Berlin Decree, cences had not led toa the. distresses felt, toilette kbat 1 ft , nl t l 7 would be overstocked, dal ehe so incline her- • . Mr. BRQUGHAI.4I, in explanation, observed, that , Ste.) such' measures would give a right of full retali- print supported by the Reporeof it Committee, aid •'''',_ e 'e When lie examined the sta t ements so ably set his Honourable And Learned Friend had more than i ation to testi-si ft the injuries of the French Govern- sanctioned by the anncuireitt opinion Of that Howse? '. e.. *7 by his Learned and Honciumble Friend ( Mr. insinuated that he, as well as some of his friends, had meat, and te retort the evils of its own injustice." The —Would it be nothing to submit at these 'vides 7gharn), rtvecting the iniquitous mode of tratlid felt somewhat impatient in a former debate, at the very terms of this Order proved that it was merely to the test of opinion, and to have the whole matter . es ,'",hfhe Unites in Council - had occasioned, he could ' application of vehement terms to the Emperor of ' retaliatory. The Order of November, 1807, referred asc e rtained by ,exam . ination and con fi rmed by es-, - "nells regretting, that instead of ;ill that mode of France. •He had a perfect recollection of all that to this Order of January, and expressly declared that perience ? The consideration, however, win& ha l l Vgiu's and dissimulation, 'we did not employ en- 'had halm from him on that occasion, and could not they were in:ended to " retort up on , the enemy the principally called him up was, the ;statement of the L'Pednentrals, which would save us the blush of. call to mind that any . feeling or expression of the de- violence of his own aggression. Such had been Right Hon. Gentleman,. ties Vice President, cf the wilng any longer a neutral resemblance in oilier to i seription alluded to had been betrayed by himself, or, the ground, the origin, and the principle . of the. Or- .Board of Trade, that the Orders in Council were not fie, merchandise into f • countries. On the : • ()reign as far as he knew, by any of his Honourable Friends. tiers of 1807. His Majesty had undoubtedly thought retaliatory upon the enemy. bud Measures of cone '''''et therefore, he would maintain, that it wale' If his Honourable and Learned Ft lend intended to it rght to qualify the principle of retaliation ay mercial ' rivalry with A . mei ice. eAro, no.) So h e _ lelessetr.L_ y measure to n omi n ate a' Committee iif . the ! insinuete that he was disposed to disapprove of the the adoption of a restriction in its application which had understood . the Right Honnurable. Gentleman, n Plion desired, nierel a to consider, whet or' application of strong aad warm, or even vehement amounted only to a mitigation in favour of nets- and, it that were the case, it would be necessar y is lit ..- • i f it language to the conduct of Bonaparte, he must have trials. This mitigation ot the extended principle bring back the Orders in Council to t h e or i g i na l —re Orders in Council should ceeee and Possible to discover * a fitter mode of carrying iniannderstood what he had said, and having GOverranent to rinciples upon which they had been originally esta. so ruis- shewesl the desire of Ws M .jasty's . , . hl p licen se trade, than that nitile Ilse of at pre- understood, misrepresented him. i confine the evil to the :meaty, and if any part of eh isiied. '!'he Right ; Honourable Genie's:lan then . • . which had b the subjec of so ,tech corn- 1 Mr. STEPHEN observed, that he clearly under- should fall upon neutrals, it was the enemy alone that ; tricot into a retrospect of the circumstances under which . t * SnLitt4cl the tommittee b of opinion that a stood the Honotti able Member to have expressednis. was responsible for ir. Where the operation was con - Ithe Orders in Council had been iisuell, to spew that ' oatinuance ot the Oi-deri !n Conucil was prokier, approbation at the warmth with which the conduet fined to ret lation, the evil to the neutral was oily in the . constructive blockade had been maint a ined on t h e - shouri feel thoro u ghly co nv i nced, that nothing or the French Emperor had been spoken .of on that cidental though not to be avoided ;--it was a cause - principle of retaliation , by the some r ul es as th e ac ., QIII 2n • -•1 silence to be regretted, but the measures from which tual blockade ; and contended, that though the Bre. 4 ° ,1 in . all the Anierrati 'corresi:imilente would occasion. • n 1 1, . a l'''. us to ee . hatib n .nrthe mantra,' ' I Mr. BROUGHAM re-asserted, that in so doing it resulted Were forced upon the British Governinene• tish Government Was fully warranted, accor di ng. to " 11 ' . STE PHEN felt riled' the departure the Hono urable and Learned Gentleman had misun- If at any time it should appear that these Orders did the law of nations, in excluding neutralsfrom trading iiith sir at e but ope- ! with blockaded ports, it did not follow that it was at the BOIL Pißlfern - 'IP ra Lirtengheni) hal derstood him ; and he adverting this night to what not retort his aggression upon die enemy, t a constant British trade iv' f rom his original: sinn,. s iledisst intim. • raised on that occasion, lied greatly misrepresented . rated solely to the injury of the neuteals ;1 . even the li be rty to a llow . ric h . • •it i I British Government should appear to have interfered them. He should be desirous, therefore, to hear the -° ' 17 4 House. At that time - he- adnotineed a him.' • tit • •would sentiments of some Honourable and Learned CANNING then rose, and said, that having to relieve their pressure upon the enemy, the y _ dis t inct asitre'ia -bait . • the liattne of : the . • Mr. ' - .mai with which he li;c1 concluded 14 speech , every i fore to press himself on the attenti o n of the stand upon far different principles frene those upon denten upon this part of the subject ; for, as in the '''''Nteti i • • - tha t c - ee l ' " e which h a H ous e in competition with the Hon. and Learned which lie had supported them, and would , in his opi- original Orders, pressure . upon tne e n e my was the 6 perceive the um ittee Wish e d, . t., Gentleman —( Mr. Canning and Mr. Stephen rose at the . . , very . - object, he did net think we could be justified in nee W appoint , -.would have.the most hetet-oge e:lw • tMr Caasiinggave :say)—whose speech vision. It was obvious that , when a considerable lieving the enemy at the expettee of the neutral. mixtur e o f me a s ur i., and orders, and distnr - • tame moment, bu t . antes - . heard , he felt the , !isadvantage change had been produced in the situation of Europe, .—He agreed . , that the tree policy now as in 1809, i _ . to consider, that had ever before uahapeily • the House had just ‘CUto the lot . • *der which he rose after the speech of the Hon. by the transactions in the Peninsula, as well as by would be to give the Orders in Council their full and a eof any Committee to contemplate.— i tin Learned Gentleman, in which he had intro- other events on theContistent, the Orders of April 1807 unlimited effete, in order to reduce the power ot the 0 -1 , 41,44..... ' e Inotion ` ad by fat:too in discriminate and iucome and .). — " r • *-14 -tuck duced go much, and such veriet • yof matter not con- were found to be no longer applicable. This change enemy, but sot to say, as by these licenses it was said, ere ct 4 04 uf ' lt - 7 /0" 2 . 3 0 o' • • . should en- led to the adoption of the Order of April 1809, whicit 44 the meanent your wants amount to a certain height tooted 'with the subject of discussion, if he - POlking. •It tizialloood, sndoid. Or- nect .... id ri h - c- as It a .~ i~ st 1i to n he el La ad RI on. a,ii ry? - eds ' rlf nu tTtS ' ,34 the - ail