Star. — London, England, 1806-09-24 00:00:00

r idENoS ACeOMOT OP TMI 000000 T STILTS 01 TM/ PIOTUICI 0/ VUEMOS •TRIS, IN SOUTH •HERICA. Since the time of Ullna and of Condamine, the gate of this part of South America has undergone great alterations for the better. The whole track of i country which now conflitutes the province of Bue nos Ayres, was formerly fubjea to the controul of the Viceroy of Peru ; but, in 1778, it was ereaed in to a feparate Government. The country has been greatly benefited by this regulation, and particularly by an edidt of the Ring of Spain, promulgated in the • fame year, by which a free trade was granted. Is 1791, Spanifh as well as foreign merchants moreover received permigion to import Negro flaves and hard ware, and to eaport in return the produftions of the' country. This encouragement has contributed greatly to the advancement of agriculture, and the increafe of population : and, fuch is the fertility of the foil, that, if the fame wife regulations fhould con tinue in force, Buenos Ayres will probably becomes in a Ron time, the granary of South America and of Spain. Another royal edift, dated April so. 1793, alktwed the exportation of felted Meat, as likewife of iatici*, duty free. The mog oppreffive fetters on indußry and COW tame having been removed by there and fimilar royal *diets, and flill more by its coming under the foßering proteetion of Great Britain, the profperity of elvt country mull continue to increafe every year; for, in there regions which are bleffed with the molt favourable climate, nature alone. 'if no impediment a be thrown in her way, will almoft fponfanenufly pro ditty 'Very thing. The province of Buenos Ayres bat a tell gent intent, every where abdunding with the lion fertile cultivated lands : there are interfec ted, in every direftion, by brooks and rivers, which all flow into the great River Dela Plata. The pallor! grounds fupport millions of beeves, horfes, (beep, and (wine. Such numbers of horned cattle are reared, that, in the year 179 a, 815439 isic bides were (hip peel for Spainw—sot to reckon on fuels as were odd In the country, or were bartered for Negro ilaves.-s— -'here is an abundance of felt ; and no want of con venient places where boats and Mips may take in a cargo of felted flat for exportation. The Rio de la Plata. the Uruguay, Paranat and other fmaller Breams, afford great advantages in this refpedt.rs: There arelikewife fosse good and capacious harbours. as, for %Rance, thole of Buenos Ayres ;dell, of Mon tevideo, Maldonado, and the Bay of Barrages. TM Misery on the awns, efpecially of the whale and few . wolf, is frequently very produaive : and in the intifil riorthe country the chafe fumifhes many articles' for commerce ; for the fkins of the tigers that are found here are no lets elleeMed for their beauty, then the oltrich feathers, of which there is great plenty. .lo the villages and diflridts of the Migrants, cotton, and likewife liar and hemp are culti Nor is this province entirely deftitute of gold mines : fnme of them are worked near Maldonado and San Luis, at the dillance of two hundred leagues from the ca pital. . . We Bran be ben enabled to form a coma idea of the profverity and commerce of this country, by tab - ins a vie* of the imports and trpnrts. In the year 1796, there arrived thirty-five loaded Grips from Ca diz ; twenty-two from Barcelona, Malaga, and Al heves ; nine from Corunna ; five from Santander ; one from Vigo ; and one from Gijon. The value of that part of the cargoes which confined of Spanifh r,roduttlions, amounted to 1,705,866 American pia tens. The value of the foreign manufaltures, &c. which were imported in the above flips, amounted to 1,148,078 ; and Turn total of both, to 2 . 8 539944 Ostlers. On the other hand, there failed from Bue nos Ares twenty-fix (hips for Cadiz; ten for Bares. loos, Malaga, and Alicante ; eleven for Coruna& ; and four for Santander. Thefe carried coined and nneoined gold of the value of 1,425,701 piallers.— The value of the filver exported amounted to nearly 2,556,304, and that of the other produetions of the 1 province to 1,076,f 77 pianers. The value . of all the exports confequently amounted to 5,058,882. The goods exported confined of 8 , 4,593 raw ox. hides ; 43,752 hone hides ; 24,436 ions of a finer fort ;- 46,800 arrobas of melted tallop ; 77r arrobas of Vi cunna wool ; 2264 arrobas of common wool ; and 295 arrobas of the wool of the Guanaco or camel iltep ; 11,890 goofe wings ; 451,000 ox horns ;- 3223 cwt. or copper ; 4 cwt. of tin ; 254 t tanned hides t 223 dozen of manufaCturei fheep kins I a 1:8 cwt. of faked beef ; and 185 cwt. of fa:tail pork. From the Havannah two (hips arrived. Thefe were freighted with 22,159 arrobas of fogar ; 239 calks of brandy ; 212 large veffels full of honey t 258 arrobas of cacao ; t 864 arrobas of white wax ; and 750 varas'of acana wood ; the whole value of the imports from the Havannah amounting to 123.56: pianers, In the fame year fourteen (hips failed from Buenos Ayres to tie Havannah. Their cargoes eon. lifted of 24,060 pianers in gold; 69,050 cwt. of felted flefh ; 13,630 arrobas of tallow ; 251 dozen of Ta nufaCtured Cheep fkins ; 323 fkins of a finer fart ; ,90 arrobas of wool ; 280 goofe wing% ;—the value of all thcfe exports to the Havannah amounting to 260,1 to piallers. Two (hips from Lima and C;nayacioil, brought 10,975 arrobas of fcgar ; 200 (alt (ones ; 1472 arro bas of cacao ; 816 arrobas of rice ; 378 pounds of cinnamon; 990 pounds of indigo—the value of the: whole amounting to 50,554 piallers. In return, 2094 1 hoes, 238 flares, 1680 arrobas of tallow, 620 po9hds of thread, 42 dozen pairs of bilk flecking', and 120 hats, were fent from' Buenos Ayres to the above named places. The value of all there exports amounted to 67,150 piafiers. In the fame year, 1350 Negro (laves were import ed in four Spanifb and five foreign (hips. On the other hand, two foreign (hips, and aline belonging to the country, failed from Buenos Ayres on a Nye. trade voyage, carrying with them 159,820 piaflers in money, and of the produElions of the country and other merchandize as much as was ellimated at 34,703 piafiers. The rapid increafe of trade in the province clearly appears from a comparative Rate of the imports and exports of the years 5795 and 5796. In this latter year there were imported 932485 piaflers worth of goods from Spain ; 760,361 piafters worth from the Havannah, and 5005+440as worth from Lima, more than in the year immediately preceding. The impcirtatign of Negro flaves likewife exceeded ha value that of the former year about a 1,895 piafiers. The exports too were likewife much more confider.- able, the exceco of thofe to Spain alone amounting to 2 74.40 Palign4 But in the following years, through the war, and tike infectuity of commerce thereby occafioned, change for the voile had taken place. This we leans from the Cerro Mem:Wild the year 1799, No. 33, which contains a letter from Buenos Ayres, dated Otiobir 31, 1798, relative to the ftagnation of trade. According to this letter, above three millions of fkins were lying in the warehoufes of the capital and Montevideo, which could not be eeported, on ac• count of the danger of their falling into the hands of the enemy. Many forts of European goods and ma nufaeures were totally wanting, or had rifer to prices excellively high. In particular, a great want was felt of European linen ; in lieu of it, however, they fubßituted fluffs, either manut.aCtured from cotton in the country itfelf, or imported from Peru. Of thefe fluffs, which are much efteemed, above a million of ells were, in the above named year, imported into Buenos Ayres. Thnfe molt in requell came from the country of the Chiquitos and Mort'. Brandy and Spanith liqueurs could not be procured at any price. They endeavoured, however, to Cupp's , the moll prefGng wants by encouraging - the manufaftures of the country. There can be nn impropriety in here repeating a part of Sir HOPS! POPHAM'S Letter to the Mailer of Lloyd's Coffee-honfe : The conquell of this place opens an evecfive channel for the Manufactures of Great Britain. Hitherto the trade of thie coon. try has been cramped beyond belief, and the Manufactures of Great Britain could only find their way to this rich Province by means of neutral bottoms and contraband Intrigues—but from Ibis moment Its trade will be throat open. I need not point out to Merchants of catenfive information, how heocielal the commerce of this hitherto negleeted country will prove..and Come judgment may be formed of its finitude Population by that of this city, which alone contains yo oco baba- Won, wanting ail forts of goods of European Manufadture. • The produdlices of this cour , try arc indigo, tobacco, Vincenta wool, cotton, tiger thins. feat thins, coppenu. figs, dried tongues, dried beef, hams, faffron, cochineal, mem, hemp. foie, wheal , gi pos i drugs, bcfides gold, flyer and precious Bones, exclufive of bibillisni tallow, which I confider the great itaple, 1,400,000 o f the former being anneally "'ported" Montevideo is the molt considerable, and moll ad vantageoufly situated harbour in the whole province. Don Bruno de Zabala was the firft who, in the year 1731, fettled here with fourteen or fifteen families from PAWS, one of the Canary Minds, and laid the foundations of the city. Since that time it has greatly increafed, and 11111 continues to rife in importance, in proportion as the trade'of the province becomes more extenfive. Prorifions are here very plentiful and cheap. This abundance of the neceffaries of life en • courage', in the common people, a propenfiti li to idlenefs, which has given rife to an order of ftrollers. who are called Gowleroit. Their mode of life re lambics that of the Gypfies, except that they are not addi.ted to thieving. Thefe vagabonds are natives of Montevideo or the circumjacent place s : they are very badly clothed, their whole deers cons Ritig only of a etude shirt, and a worfe upper garment. Thefe articles of drefs, together with horfaurniture, ferve , them for bedding, and a fiddle for a pillow, they Kroll about with a kind of (mall guitars, to the found of which they ring ballads of their own compofition, or loch as they have learned from others. I.ove is in general the cubic& of thefe lungs. Tim they wander about She country, and e,ideavour to'divert the peasants, who, in return, Thew their gratitude by furnifhing them wills vietuals during thtir nay w . .h them, and even giving them other horfes when they lore their own. This liberality and generality will appear the left furprifing, when it is conflicted, that in this country hotfes are of very little value. Great herds of them run about wild in the 'aft plains, and feern to belong to whoever will take the trouble of catching them. The Gautier - Ms generally march aboOt in parties confiding of four, and Votttimes even of more. With refpef to fin means of procur. ing food, they give themfolves fu little concern, that. when letting out on an excurfion, they provide them. (elves only with a rope, a few balls, which are faP. coed to the ends of the topes, and a knife. Whey attacked by hunger, they contrive to get one of the young cress nt hulls, Which run about wild, entangled in their snares. They throw the captured animal down, tic it, legs tugulter, and then cut,7even before . . , • . . it . is dead, the &Oh together with the ilsiosfrolll tht• bone, make a few incißdne in it, and, thu prepared; pot it to the fire: when half mate,, it is devoured without any addition or condiment, except a little &IN when they happen to carry any with them.— Some of them kill a cow merely for the purpofe of obtaining the fiefh between the ribs and the fkin.--; Others eat nothing except the tongue, which they mall in the red•hot embers. The remainder of the careafe is all left in the field, and becomes the prey of carnivorous birds and wild beans. Others again, are Rill more eafily fatisfied, taking nothing but the marrowbone, from which they cut off all the and then hold it over the fire till the marrow be. ',nes loft and fluid. Sometimes they praelice the follow; ing fingular mode of cookery : Having killed a cow, they take out the entrails, and. colletling all the (al low and lumps of fat, put them into the hollow car cafe. They then kindle fame dried cow•dung, and. apply it to the tallow, that it may take fire, and pe netrate into the Refit and bones. For this purp •fe, they dole up the careafe as well as porlible, fo that the frooke comes out of the mouth, and anrther aper tide made in the lower part of the belly. In this manner the cow often continues roaßing a whole night, or a confiderable part of the day. When it is done enough, the company place themfelves around, and each cuts for himfelf the piece he likes heft, and devours it without bread or (alt. What remains is left in the field, except any of them happens to carry a portion gf this favourite food to fome particular friend. There nye two ways of travellinz from Montevideo to Buenos Ayres: one of them by land as far at El Real de San Carlos. In the dry feafon of the year this is the atortefl ; but, in the rainy feafon, the fmallefl rivulets fwell to loth a height, that no one can crofs them without danger, focnetimes not at all. At San Carlos boats are always in readinefs to tranf port paffengers actor's the Rio de la Plata, which is here ten legua, broad, and to carry back the orders of the governor, and all binds of provilsona, to San Carlos. The-caoll ufual manger of travelling from Montevideo to Buenos Ayres is by water. If the weather be favourable, a boar may perform this pal. Page in twenty-four hours, though the diflance be forty &guar : but, when the wind is contrary, it may happen, that fourteen days will fcarcely be fufficient. Buenos Ayres is fituated on the wetlern bank of the great River de la Plata. So lately as forty years ago, this city was confidered as only the fourth as to rank and importance in the viceroyalty of Petu. Lima then held the firfi rank, and next in import ance to that capital were Cuzco and Santiago in . Chili. Since that time circumflances have greatly altered, and at prefent Lima alone can be reckoned fuperior to Buenos Ayres. Since this latter city be came the feat of a new government, it has greatly increafed, and Rill daily increafes, in coofequence of the improved Rate of agriculture and commerce, and in the courfe of time, will probably rife to an equal rank with Lima itfelf. Formerly the citizens of Bue nos Ayres had no country-houfes ; and, except peaches, none of the finer forts of fruits were pro duced here. At prefent, there are few perfons of opulence but have villas, and cultivate in their gar dens all kinds of fruit, culinary plants, and Rowers. The houfes are in general not very high ; but molt of _them are built in a light and beautiful manner, At Buenos Ayres, the men as well as the women drefs after the Spanifh mode, and all the fafhions are brought thither from the mother country. The ladies in Buenos Ayres are recleaned the moil agreeable and handfome of all South America ; and, though they do not equal thole of Lima in magnificence, yet their manner of dretling and decorating themfelves is not fell pleating, and even evinces a greater delicacy of Line. Until the year 1747. no regular poll was ellab. Wiled either in Buenos Ayres, or the whole province of Tucuman, notwithlbsncling the great intercourfe and trade with the neighbouring provinces. Merchants fent, as often as they found it neccfrary, a mcfrenger with their letters ; and their friends and neighbours mask ufe of the fame conveyance; nr, what was more ufual, they leaded travellers with letters and commitlionF, &c. which wa; however attended with great delays and inconvenience, as from Jujiti to Mendora one is obliged to travel very (lowly in a kind of rsvn•wheeled carts. But, in 1748, the Vice roy Don Andonaegui inßituted regular polls.• Buenos Ayres is v. ell (implied with provilions : of RA meat in particular there is ft) grcat an abundance, that it is frequently dificitAned gratis to the poor.— The river water is rather muddy : but it loon be- comes clear and drinkable, by being kept in large tubs of earthen veffels. Of fifh too there is a rut abundance. • Neither in the in of Buenos Ayres no► its To- cumin does any filow ever fall: fometimes it f a little, 1, as to cover the water with a thin coating of ice, which is colletled arta prefcrved with great care for the purpofe of cooling their liquors. That the climate r•f Buenos Ayres is very filubri• out, appears from the proportion of the births to the deaths; and cnnfecocntly the city has not been im properly named. In June, July , Asigutt, and Sep tember, however,.fogs atilt from the river, which are& the lungs and bicaft. The vehement winds too, which blow from the l'am'as, and are therefore called Pantierw, prove very tronblefome to the in habitanu. H Tbok /villa to trot. ibe continent trout Made Aires fo Perd, have puny things to attend too guard ligaing. The greaten dangtt ;rife. front In dians who inhabit the Pampas. Whole tin+ of thefrattack travellers, and cau(e them much !of.; The Pampas Indians, as welt as the other tribes favages, fend out remits to atquhe intelligence of the number and ilrength et traveller.. There (pies fre fluently pretend to be &rated, or driveti away and purfued by their countrymen. The latinefs of the Pampas futpatfes all dekription. On this unmet the nutdber doe* not increafes and the Spaniards Mites lain well founded hopest that the whole race will Coon be extinguitked. They are treacherous aaJ cue. ardly Land-although they Can manage the lance with Come oft hmfaback, they do not peels valour fudicient to maintairt the combat for any Isorh d( time. Their vidories over the Spaniard. are there fore very rare. It is then only that then► attach prove faccetsful. when they are able to lit la amballe Ind furprize their enemy. or *heft Man of them It *vial one European. _ _ It has been *Hedged by Come people that thisessolla try can derive no benefits from the polreMosi of Boom 'Ayres, which we did not before cLjny in confetpansolli of the licences granted to neutrals to tiade a Ws that country ; but this arifes from their want of informs. lion. While Buenos Ayres was under the &mini , la of Spain, we could only carry on our enmmeree br neutrals, through the agency of Bpanifh I?reltere s whole cornmiffion, fkc. arnuDnted to about 74 rkfr Cent. befides which the Spanifh Governtnent chalk! 341 per Cent. ad valorem no the imports, and as per Cent. nn the exports, making together a charge of 56i per Cent. againfi the Biala adventurer, and with the ecimmilEnn 64 per Cent. Is the raving of fuch a font no benefit to thi: cruti try ? Is the employment of Britith inflead of neutral bottoms of no advantage? General Beresford and Sir Horde Popham have reduced the duties on imp 'rtatinn to 121 per Cent. and on the exports to id per Cent. .—and even this Cum, intlead of being paid to Ono. they Government, it now to be paid to our own,— This country will undoubtedly dales's' great advan tages from this new fource of trade. We do not mean, however, that every adventurer who embarks in it will infiantly make a fortune ; on the contrary, many of them, we doubt not, will be ruined ; for here, as in every other quarter, a glut of goods and the neceffity of making remittances, will bring on a competition which will reduce the profits of the ad venturer:. But in fuch cafes things at IA fillet their level, and there is left a fair commercial return for the capital employed, and the rilks of the trade. Ano ther thing (hould alto be taken into the confederation of fuch as mean to embark in this trade. The American produce will. in proportion to the increafed quantity that comes to this country, fall in its price here. This is an effete In common and Cs natural, that he mutt be a mere novice in commercial purfuits who does nit comprehend it. All that we would be underflood to fay is—that this trade holds out a profpea of a I fair ►emuneration to experienced commercial men, and promifes to open up fruit-cgs for the eonfumption of Britith manufaelures to an extent that cannot yet be calculated ; for exaAly in proportion as the bur• dens laid upon the natives are dimiodhed by the Bri tith Government, their means for buying our com modities'will be increafed ; and the people inficad of continuing ragged and indolent, will become induf. trious, and in length of time vie with each other in the poflefflon of neceffariet, comforts, and luxuries. .70114 Ellin Daniels was yeßerday brought to Guildhall, tinder the warrant granted by Lord EL. Lamaristouon, by virtue of which he furreadered him felf to the Commiffioners appointed under a Commit ficin of Bankrupt awarded againtt him. On the be. half of the petitioning creditor, Mt. Coosa objefed to the proof of the debt claimed by Mr. Montefiore (Daniels's broker in the Stock Eichange,) amounting to t y,cool. on the ground of its being contrary to the tenor of an Aft of Pat liament, called Sir B. Turner'a Ad, intituled An Ad fir preventing the nefarious pradice of Stock jobbing," in which Mr. Cooke dif. played much ingenuity and legal information, cal. ' culated to (hew that the Omnium in queflion was purchafed contrary to the terms id - that Ad, and that no legal proof of debt could be admitted by the Com. mill - tone's under that Aft. He quoted two cafes, itt which die decifiune of the Judges had been in favour of that Ad, in cafes where the amount of dUrencet 1 1 had been contended for—but he was over ruled by I Mr. CONIT, who argued that this seas not an account for the adjultment dUrencrt, but fir Ornnium ac tualiy debarred to the bankrupt, and an account flat• ed by the broker, and ;..drni led I y the bankrupt.— The argument continued finni twelve till two o'clock, then Mr. Mn te6 re's pont of dcbt Was admitted by the Co ers, and atilgmn were ctiofen. Mr.. p*niels was examined—be was attended by Mr. Odin s tr, as hi. Cnunfel,who admitted the claim of MT. Montefive as juft and proper, aAd perfeelr coma. Mr. D. prayed further time for his final examination, and was difcharged bum his imprifon asent—he delivered in a ftatcment of his debts and credits ; and Mr. Gurney tend a letter from Mr. Amnia* to his Soliciicit, in which he acknowledged the impropriety of his conduCt, arid foiicited that in the event of the re . ieel ion of Mr. Montefinre's demand, he might be permitted to make fiver whim the whole of the furplus of his elate end effe&. The only opportunity this year now offers of gain. ing the undermentioned Prizes, viz. 3 of e'renceof xi. . t P t i zt i s much more in fa. 20,C.00i. 3 o geiti,,* f 10,0001 3 ~ 1 c,ocol. & c . & c, 11 , ..1 in any former Lottery, of t of e'vcntut Tickets, the frnalleß only zj.cco onniher eve; to twn. li•gins Drawing t 3th next Mouth, and the firli.dsawu entitle) to to,szool. 1