Star. — London, England, 1830-08-24 00:00:00

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. Tht' " °ugh** of Universal ilium." which ^forms the last pub lished Voltime.of Dr. laardner's • 4 Cabinet Cyclonsedia," appears to us, On a perusal which we have just completed, to be a most judicious and earef.ll abridgment of those facts which constitute all we know or cou p cure on the history of past ages. The public are seldom inclined to attribute much original talent to a compiler; but to make a goodabridg meat. we hesitate not to say. requires a mind of a very peculiar cast.— hook at the space which the "Universal History" occupies on the li brary slid yes —itself only an abridgment—and reflect what discrimination and judgment is required to select, from its innumerable edges, those great events alone which have been the parent events, if we may use the expression, from which so many subordinate ones have descended ; and then some idea may be formed of the kind of merit requisite to execute such a tisk satisfactorily. There is a vast difference between the " Uni versal:lll'story" in bulk, and the little Tom-Thumb volumes of Sleidan anti others, which issued formerly from the press of the Elsevhs, and the other celebrated typographers of Holland ; and bet some of their vo lumes required and employed minds perhaps more truly gigantic and original, than what were employed in the larger week alluded to.—' The volume which has occasioned these remarks; we consider a for tunate exhibition of the abridging talent; and a most useful work it must prove to every one who wishes to fix in his mind a consistent view of history. As we make it a rule to select, from every book we review; on the principle that we have no right to occupy our, or more conettly,4 our readers' columns, with works which are not productive of emitted vantage to them, we shall extract a paragraph from the very Judie:Lime introductory sketch of what may be termed the conjectural history of man, as a fair specimen of the spirit with which the work is composed : " ORIGINAL STATIC or Miter.—A point which has ri ve oc. easion to a good deal of ingenious conjecture, is the origi n a l of mankind. Philosophers, on surveying the human race in ha ailment situations, have traced out four distinct states,--thoes of the mire fruit and plant.eater, the hunter, the herdsman, and the cultivatiw,—and have generally inferred that man has progressively passed through ell these states, commencing at the lowest. Yet this is still but mere con jecture, unsupported by any historic evidence. No tribe has ever yet been found to civilise itself; Instruction and improvement always come to it from shelled; and experience would rather lead to the inference, that the savage is a degeneration from the civilised life. In the very earliest history, that of the Bible, we find the pasterel and agrieultund life co.existing almost from the commencement of the world; at all periods we find man possessed of the useful and arts, the master of flocks and herds, the employer of the spade, the p h, and the sickle. It is in vain we seek for commencement,—all is progress. In imagination, we may conceive a time, when the human race was in the lowest degree of culture ; but, on inquiry, we every where meet the arts, meet men collected into societies, meet property, legislation, and government. " It may, perhaps, be collected from the testimony of the sacred Scrip tures, and from the deductions of philosophy, that man has always existed in society, and that the fleet societies were families, the first form of government patriarchal; and the following may be stated as the most probable hypothesis : namely, that man commenced his exist ence in the social state under the mild and gentle form of government denominated patriarchal ; that his first nourishment was the fruits of trees and plants, which ripened in abundance for the supply of his wants in some temperate and fertile region of the earth, possibly that at the south of Caucasus, or where now extends the paradisal vale of ravhmeer ; that gradually he became a keeper of flocks and herds, and a cultivator of corn ; that families spread and combined; and that from their union arose monarchies, the most ancient form of extended civil government. It is in this last state that we propose to consider mankind, and to trace the great and important events that have taken place among the various stems and branches of the human race; to show how, beneath the guiding energy of the Creator and Ruler, the great machine of human society has proceeded on its way, at times advancing, at times apparently retrograding, in the path of perfection and happiness. And the final result of our view of the deeds and tiestinies of man will, we trust, be a firm conviction in the mind of every reader that private and public fe licity are the result alone of good education, wise laws, and just go vernment, and that all power which is not based on cquiry is unstable and transient. " It is to the Caucasian race that the history of the world must mainly confine itself, for with that race his originated almost all that ennobles and dignifies mankind : it is the chief depositary of literature, and the great constructor of philosophical, political, and religious systems. We shall restrict ourselves, therefore, chiefly to the history of that race, briefly premising views of the state and character of the iEthioptans, the Mongols, and the Indians." We cannot dismiss this neat and comprehensive volume, without discharging another debt we owe to the spirited bibliophists of the present day, in recommending, as a most appropriate companion to the history just mentioned, a beautifally executed family Cabinet Atlas, of the same size. The maps of the Atlas we allude to are engraved ea steel, by Mr. Starling, with great neatness and accuracy. We re member to have seen former small adassea, rendered quite illegible by the injudicious shading of the seas ; but from this fault, and others, the series of maps we allude to, is etempt. WINDSOR CASTLE. The following is an authentic copy of Sir Jeffry Wyatellie's State. mein of the causes for the excess of expenditure beyond the original estimate : Windsor Castle, June 111.10. 0 It becomes a matter of propriety, in the first instance, to account for the deficiency in amount of the original estimate not exhausted. The estimate was formed, in a general way, from the approved de. signs whilst his Majesty resided in the,Castle. Of course every thing was calculated upon the cursory view of the apparent strength and state of repair then visible. But on his Majesty's quitting his residence, and the work being cons. menced upon, it became instantly visible that the floors were worn out, and the timbers rotten. The investigation being pursued through the whole of the eastern agd nearly the extent of the southern sides, all the large belinis, and greater part of the smaller timbers, proved to be rotten, and very little hold left on the walls. This was equally the case with both floors and roofs, and It was deemed prudent to remove them. Thus, instead of a repair, the whole, as a matter of course, required to be new. The timbers taken down were completely rotten through their whole length ; they have been long exposed to the public view. This thorough removal of the timbers, old decayed wainscotting and plastering, exposed the cracks and various fissures in the walls, showing their dilapidated state, and the danger from broken flues. The bad state of the inner walls was, in addition to the decay of time, increased by the Castle having been tenanted by distinct families, who had not used much forbearance in cutting door-ways, flues into the walls, and even two or three feet into the walls, to enlarge rooms, or make closets. Thus the whole became, what is called by workmen, gutted ; the old walls have been carefully repaired, and new ones built where ne cessary. The works have been carried on under the clear conviction of its being a public benefit; to execute all the parts determined upon in a sub stantial manner, rather than to attempt a show, by vamping up a greater quantity. In addition to the above, the expense has also been. incrsased by taking advantage of the necessary renewing of the roof, to place the new one higher on the east and south aides, so as to give a complete story for his Majesty's servants, end also for those of his Majeny's visitors. Another addition to the expense has arisen from the necessity' of re building the Chester tower on the east side, and the tower at the north east corner instead of the old shattered one. A considerable addition to the expense that could not be contem plated in the first instance has arisen from the necessity of carrying the foundation of the corridor or long gallery down as low as 10 and 12 feet through the made ground to the solid chalk along the south side; but this has produced the advantage of giving coal vaults. Foe the want of such vaults great inconvenience had formerly existed. The expense has also been enlarged by making a new drain ors -seer along the east and south sides of the quadrangle, collateral ain to the various pans of the building, to avoid the constant stench arising troru the various little tees-pools sunk into the ground as receptacles from the water-closets, pipes, and drains. The great north drain or common sewer was discovered to be so much out of repair that the water flowed into the tooting of part of the walls, and by a current beneath washed away the bottom. The gas pipes and additional water mains. It may not be necessary to proceed with enumerating every separate cause of excess. for at each part that has been touched the effects of de. ay are the same. In considering the whole impartially, it is necessary to draw the at. tentiun to the thickness of the walls, the great Masses of the construe. Lion. the varieties of the materials, the irregularity of the angles, and of the levels of the floors, in order to give some idea of the difficulties that have arisen. It would be a vague method to judge of this work like a common square building. by feet and inches, Cr pounds weight ; hut to be near the nut!) the imagination should be extended to acres and tons. Experience teaches that the proper way to proceed with a work of this description would be to determine the limits or pans of the building that should be restored or repaired. and to carry such determination into ef. feet in the most substantial and proper manner, making good the ex. pense that would be incurred; and it has been hitherto carried on under such understanding, which hat probably been the cause of the r ectal satisfaction expiessed by those who. have investigated the im. proem:ma,- •••• ADJOURNED INQUEir ackais Misa C. CARMIN. The extroadinary theumstancesattending the death of this young lady have naturally elated an Inteinie I nterest. Long Define mint; p'clock, the gni. appointed for resifting he inquest yesterday, s peak' number of persons of respectability assembled at the (late-house, Hampstead-road, where It was held On Saturday, and was appointed to be held yesterday ; and Mt twenty pilVate carriages had brotight ions of disdnalft, mostly ladies; ritiny of *hom had been Mr. Long% patients, to give evidence of the beneficial results of his treatment. Amongst the distingnished persons who attended for that purpose were the Marquis and Marchioness of,OrMend, the Countess of Buckingham. Whine, Sir F. Burdett, Sir Alen Johnstone, Mr. Prendergast, M.P. Oen. &pith, Cel. Campbell, ate. Etc. Mr. Adolphus attended as Counsel for Mr. Long. As soon at the Conner had taken his seat, and the Jeri mai mIM, Mr. Adolphus did be had the honour to attend on behalf it Mt Long, and Wished to mention - that Sir Peas& Ihmlett was is aftied. loce to state what he knew of Mr. Lostri_ pnedee i and as he ISM pub. lie business of importance ut amok which required :Ms pwinnee kasha place, he hoped the Hon. Naretast would be allowolio give hit evidence at present. The Coroner said he should not ob*t, for the reasons that had been modelled, to receive Sir Pruett flutt's evidence then, to release him from Anther attendance. , Sir Prances Burdett was then wilted in and sworn, and examined by M. Adiaphuk He stated that he had been at Mr. Long's house, and fled ;ken MI pyactice R,eral times; ft did not appear to him in the Inlet dangeroao. HS manna andetioduct appeared to him to be that himane Into. He went tO M. Longs house in consequence of haw. fug bead that he had cured two pawns of tic doloreux, with a view of teeing whether any relief could be abided to the Marquis of Angle ray, and front whit he saw woe so convinced of there being no danger 'ha his practice, that having t he goat in his band he desired Mr. Long to try what effect it might hate an it—more with a view of being able IP report to Lord Anglesey thit awn was no danger in the operation, of duka from nny hope of ha curing the gout. He reported go a d fvourably of tita peaks, that be believes Lord Anglesey would have hd reesures to Mi. long, hatthanot !men relieved by the medical gentleman who Was thin attending Mo. So satisfied was be helm what be saw ' and treat what hi hard front persons attended by Mr. Long, of the boo. Atrial effects of itie practice, that one a two paeans put themselessunder Mi. Long's care In consequence of what be said of it. By the Coroner—He knew nothing at the present case. Mr. Wakeley said, be attended on the part of the family of the de. ceased, and hoped be should be permitted - to put a few questions to •Sir Francis Burdett. Cereneo...Certalaly4 after the Jury have pat any question they thought Byßy a Juroo=fite operation he understood Mr. Long was to perform on the Marquis of Anglesey, was to rub something on his skin, which was to produce an effect by friction ; be know; nothing of theirgtedi enter. He did not know soy one area by it ; but Lard Sligo told him it had sued him ertgout ft wet impossible to say bow long it might last. By Mr. Wrikeley—Thinks it is about two months since he first went Mite. Long's house. He was, not asked to keep any thingseaet, but thinks be signed kbook, and was told, persons attended by Mr. Long, were to keep his practice secret. Does not know what the alications were,, but when be saw persons use them twelve months, he ju dged they were not dangerous. He could not say that the applications were always the Unit, nor that the applications used by other persons for twelve months were the same as those used in the case of the deceased young Ihdy. The process was rubbing an ointment on the skin. He also saw the process of inhaling. He did not know what gas was inhaled. He had not studied medicine, and was pretty sure he should not, by tbs ' ap , knoit a glass of clear water from a glass of Prussic acid. Ir. A DOI. TRU s objected to this line of examination. Mr. Wakeley said the value of Sir Francis's opinion must depend on the knowledge of the subject. For himself he attended with reluctance. He had been particularly retested to attend by the brother of the de. cearod L and should probably put but few questions. Sir Francis Burdett was not examined farther. The room in which the inquest was held was so crowded, and there were such constant endeavours making to force an entrance into it by persons enxious to hear the proceedings, that the Coroner adjourned to the board-worn of the Pancras and Hampstead Trust, which the Corn• ntissiaten granted for that purpose." next witness was, Dr. Alexander Thompson, examined by the Coroner. I have examined the bod y the deceased, both externally and inter nally, except the spine and head, which I stilted to examine ' • but the feelings of the family being so much excited they would not allow me to continue the examination longer. 34r. Wiklgone, surgeon, appointed by Mr. Yong to conduct the examination with me, took down notes of the appearances which we have both sigped, and I will read with per. mission,—The Coroner desired him to read the notes, which he did. The description of the appearances were very minute, and given in terms completely technical. Aftey reading the notes, the witness pro. caded.—From the :emit of this examination he could not tell of what ' the yowiii tidy ad. The cause of death might be connected with the hate of tine head or spine, which he did not examine. The young lady's Mother was in such a state of affliction, that as he had no direct autho. thy from the Coroner, be did not think he could proceed further with the examination. By Mr. Adolphus....lle, could not say whether the external appear. Slues indicated the cause of daub ; to form an opinion on that point he should have examined the head and spine. By a Juror.—Does not think any of the appearances internally in. dicated.dlSease of the spine. The deceased was certainly not a con. sumptive subject—he found no tubercles. There was no sloughing on the back; certainly there was no mortification. There was a throwing off a part of the scarf skin, but not of the true skin. Sloughing means throwing off a dead part—there was no dead pan before the death of the deceased. He found no remains of plums in the abdomen. The appearances internally were such as he had found in a recent case of a person poisoned by an overdose of colchicum ; any plants of the same natural family, such as black or white hellebore, would produce the same appearance. The appearance on the back, he supposed, was produced by counter.irritauon, a mode of practice common amongst the junior practitioners of the present day. He had seen cases of death pro duced by much less appearances of Internal inflammation than he found in the present case. If he found no other appearances of disease in the body, he should say that the appearances in the back were sufficient to Cause death. , By Mr. ADOLPHUS.—Taking all the appearances of the body to. getber, he cannot say the wound in the back caused death. By a Juror.—lf the application to the back caused inflammation of the spinal marrow, it might have produced the internal inflammation. If the patient wu well, he would not have produced such a state of the back to prevent disease. He never could wish to produce such an u. tensive sore as he found on the deceased's back to prevent any disease. He could not form an opinion of the cause of death, as he had not ex. Wined the brain and spinal marrow ; but bad he examlned those pate, and found no inflammation, he would then conclude that the state of the backend the internal inflammation were the cause of death. He has seen a smaller wound on other parts of the body produce death. [The witness here produced • part of the scarf skin of the deceased's back, for the inspection of the Coroner and Jury.] The Coroner said, he believed it would be necessary to allow the witness to examine the spine and brain. The witness here dissected the piece, of skin, and said any medical gentleman in the room could perceive that there was neither slough nor disorganization. The substance was inspected, and the opinion appeared to be concurred in.—The Carlow En again motioned, that if it was considered material that the witness should give an opinion of the cause of death, It was ne. away that he should examine the spine and brain. By a Juror—Witness, he examined the spine and brain, could give as decided an opinion of the cause of death as medical men could give In general ; if be found no inflammation in either, he would give an opinion, on which be would stake his professional reputation, that the death was caused by the "isnot the back, combined with the internal inflammation. He should. abto wish to seeettetw whether the decant had alien colchicum, as that fiat would have an effect on his opinion: Mr. Brodfe's prescription for the deceased was here produced, and the apothecary proved that he repo& the medicine in conformity to it. The prescription contained no colchicum, and was intended to allay int. tation of the stomach. • The CORONER here desired that the evidence of Mrs. Boddie. should be reed, that Dr. Thomas might hear the evidence that had been given re=g Mr. Long's administering medicine himself. vidence having been read, Dr. ThomsCsaid he must now request that he might be allowed to examine the brain and spine, that he might be able to give a decided opinion on the cause of death. It was then agreed that Dr. Thompson, Mr. Wildgorse, and a medi. eel man, to be agreed on between them, should examine the br a in an d spine o f deceased ;to give time for which the inquest was adjourned is Wednesday, as the deceased had been interred yesterday morning, and it was apprehended some delay might take place in the exhumation of the The proceedings of this day have, if possible, increased the intense anxiety with which the parties interested, and indeed a large portion of, the public, look for the result. . DKr —% Dry t. FIRE.--About eleven o'clock on Saturday night, a fire broke out in the large premises of Mr. John Hawley, the wholesale ship-chandler and Irish provision merchant, No. 305, ping ; and from the inflammable nature of the property, the due gained in a few minutes such a mastery, as defied the utmost exertions of the firemen and theAssurancbce ensigns to save any poet of the house, large warehouse, and valuable property. The fire next hai r nited the house No. 306, occupied by Sir. Edward Hanley, use an Irish `provision.merchint, which in a little time was, along with Sir. John Hawley's premises, is one body of fire, and illuminated the eastern part of the metropolis for several miles round, to the peat terror and alarm of the neighbourhood. These two extensive establigh. meets are now, front Wapping Hith-street to the river's edge, red u ced to a beep of ruins. The weachouse of Messrs. Chili= and en. also Alp: chandlers. and that of Per. Duffers, thecable ar.d rope4snufaeurrer. much damaged; but the exertions of the firemen • it'd their enidnes',' when they were enabled to obtain , ' plentiful *Unity of water, trievemed the two premises last mentioned , from tetal destruction. POLICE REPORTS. ill'llistorr.iontk.-*-A !Mete. hi the Geode named iffarsher, and a ntta m:• d Wallow, who add he Was 'a shoemaker, wise he bare the Lose 1111Tok tor anal examination, on a charge of • . Mr. • ,in loipeette of die Dank of Ragland, &Oohed that he was sent for **the Caddies Office, and was handed by the Cashier a Ed vds Bank of anglarld note foe 300 1 . which had been ' on the 1 4 th if last December . Williams was the penmen wh o red ted the note, and h after some e' sitation, that *lmmo said be bad it from a Biddle In the Buirds stationed at die Tower, and be • pointed out Marshall as the Individual whO placed it hi hit hands. The soldier accounted foe the possession of the note by declining that he met a gendarme in the street, who gave it to hint, Aim six weeks or. Marshall, it appeared, had been 'avant to Gadd (now blveaten.) Banbury, and a gentleman who was on a visit at the Coleed's estate, in the country, left the 3001. In the pocket of a pate of miners which be had work On his return from sbooehig ode day, he Wiled the note. The soldier had acme to the place where the yowlers had been deposited. Rowe, the Aker, who apprehended the prisoners, produced ti bunch of picklock keys, which Were extremely well executed, tied which the wiumes had taken out tithe pocket of Williams. Williams have a very unsatisfactory account of ldinself, and was ai. tiered to produee wit:imam, to give some Mel of his chiractet. Mar shall was lUtly imninltfed fire era) at the Old Bailey. Guit.nutra.:Yesterdiy, Basil Wahiser, John Legg" Joseph While, and Richard Piftsiasva, were charged :With lisaulting a watch. man of Aldersgate Ward, on Saturday night. Rowell, the compliinant, stated that about a quarter before twelve he Observed the prilitiers ip Aklengate.stieet. I.'o:taxon was very. much intoxicated, and Insulted every one Who read by. . The strati were crowded at the time, owing to the illuminations, and as the prisoner continued his disorderly conduct, he attempted to take him into ens. tody. Upon doing so he misdeed a violent blow upon the jaw, which broke one of hie teeth, and he was surrounded by the other prisoners, who eodeivnutid to rescue Mistime. After a violent struggle, which ti b ib e ued tee minutes, a view policeman came to his assistance, and werelecured. . • prisoners were tined Ws. each. Bolltorrixox..-Uperarde•of sixty eases of drunkenness and &seeder were yesterday morning brought-before the tuaghtrates, not sae of Which, however, pose/mod the sligbeest interest beyond the common. place incidents to which drunkenness and disorder give rise. It was remarked as somewhat singular. that not we pickpocket was brought `before the magistrature, although the number of thieves of that &scrip. 'don at work among the crowds on Saturday night, was perhaps noes I 'exceeded upon any former occasion of public rejoicing. Information was received here yesterday, of the supposed murder of Mr. Simon Stuckey, of Chard, in the county of Somerset, a cm ram and builder. The information states that, on the 9th of August, Mr. Stuckey left bane, on a journey of about ten miler, intending to return at night. About twelve o'clock on the same night, his hone was found on the road without a rider,, wbo has never since been heard of. His hat and stick were foetid wpm the road next morning, about four miles from Stamm, Saar South Petheeton, in the same county. He had left the latter place at about half-past nine o'clock on the preceding evening, and from a quantity of blood discovered near the same spot, there is but too much maim to suspect that the unfortunate man has been barbarously murdered, and his body secreted to prevent deteedoo. Wonintr.einzer. —CURIOUS QUESTION RILATIVE TO 4ISSIATH lIIIZARIXO.—On Friday evening three persons of the Jew. ash persuasion, named Abraham Davis, .dbrahant Barris, and Joseph Arahatie, were fined 30% each, under the Excise Laws, and in default of paynient committed to the -House of Correction to hard Wooer for three. months. Saturday the father of one of the prisoners applied to she Migrate**, to know whether the prisoners were compelled to per. forte the hard labour upon a Saturday, that being the Jewish Sabbath ? Mr. BROUGUTOW said the application was rather an extraordinary one, and hi was not prepared to answer it. He never recollected the question being raised before. Mr. Trevino said, if the Jews were allowed to rest from the la bours of the treadmill on Saturday, they would only get five days work in the week ; and in order to remedy that, they ought to be compelled to take more steps on their working dart than the Christians. Mr. BROUGHTON observed that he mid no doubt every thing would be done consistent with the prison regulations, and directed the gaoler to inquire what is usually done under such circumstances. LaseasTu.STittrr.—Yesterday, George Robin, and Mass James, two regular resurrectionists, were chatted with attempting to steal the body of a female named Brown, which had been interred on the day before, from the burial ground attached to the chapel of the Reverend Mr. Read, in Cannon.street.road, St. Georges in the East. Police constable No. 59, E. division, stated thet,.betwieen 11 and 12 o'clock on the night before, he head a singular sort of none In the burial round ; on his and two other officers entering the graveyairtf, they observed the pdsonentrun and get over a small fence into a thither. fled adjoining, where they secured them. On subsequently ft: mining the place, they found that the grave of a female was pint opened, and near to it was a sack, shovel, a screw, and other iniplandfte used by resurrection men. The Magistrates, after some consultation, committed the prbrodere ,for three months each, for being found in an enclosed place at an un seasonable hour of the night, without being able to give a satieftattiry account of themselves. Thames- Poucz.—Yesterday, Joseph Davies, a coal-whipper, was charged with assaulting, on Friday week, a fellow labourer mania Thomas Slack. The parties fought, and Slack fell and broke two of his ribs in the course of the fight. The prisoner was remanded, as Slack Is not expected to live. Yesterday a young man, named Westwood, the son of a cow-keeper in Star-street, Shadwell, was brought up on an order of affiliation. Martha Taylor who had rived In the service of the defendant's father, slid that the defe4ant one night entered her room, and she was induced to yield to his wishes. The defendant,fn his defence, wished to make it appear that some man in his father's service had as much right to be styled father of the infant as he had, because she had allowed the same freedem to them that she had to him. Finding he could not succeed on that point, he ob. served, " Gentlemen it I. said lam the father of the child. flow I will convince you th at the assertion is not founded on fact. The child is sahl to be five weeks old, and I can assure you that the last time I had intercourse with the young woman was the I nth June, 1829, con. sequently I cannot be the father !" He added that he recollected the time perfectly well, because on that night he brought home some cows from the Isle of Dogs, and he wrote down that circumstance on paper, and also of his connection with the girl. The Magistrates said that he would have reason to remember bringing the cows from the Isle of Dogs, and ordered him to pay 4s. per week, and 31. 17s. expenses. 111 `au considerable portion of the time of the Magistrates, for several months past, has been occupied by hearing complaints by common informers against individuals for infringements of Ante of Parliament. On Tuesday a poor fellow named Collins was convicted in the penalty of forty shillings, on the evidence of a man named George Buss, for rolling an invalid chair along.the footway pavement in Regent street ; and another informer named Stringer, daily employs himself in bringing up carters and waggoners, the mejority of whom are, upon his evidence, convicted in the penalty of forty shillings for riding on the shafti of their vehicles, contrary to the statute. " THE GOOD OLD Ti u Ea." The celebrated patriot, Andrew Fletcher of Salient:. drawer the following picture of Scotland in the year lOW—heft which it would appear that it was not without reason that King James composed' ballad - on " the Otheriunzie Dian,' for the beggars were armload a very' formidable race. " 'That are at this day in Scotland; ' , " (besides , ' great many poet fami lies very meanly for by the Church boxes, with others, who by living upon bad food fall into various disease') 200,000 people from door m door. And though the number of than be Pr g double to what it Ives formerly, h y reason of this great distress, yet t i n all times there have been about or. hundred thousand of thaw bonds, who have Heed Without lay regard or subjection either to the laws of the land, or even NM of GOD and nature." These fno.and. easy denizens of the eon appear to have oceasionelly held a sort of wild I Saturnslia :—" In the years of plenty," continues out author, "many thousands of them meet together in the mountains, where they feast and riot for many days ; and at country wedding', markets, and buriils, and at other the like public occasion., they are to be seen both men and women pe y drunk, cursing, blaspheming, and fighting together."' As a to this great mischief, Fletcher proposes that " every man of a certain estate in the flatiron should be obliged to take a proportion. able number of those vagibonds, and either employ them in hedging and ditching his grounds, or any other sort of work in town or country." 4tnd for sitansple and terror of there formidable" vagabonds," he gravely adds—" Three or fob, hundred of the most notorious of those vii. laths which we call Jotkeys, might be presented by the govevontent to the State of Vent*, to serve in the gilleye.against the common enemy of Vitristentiotn." • This was certainly a radical reform. On perusing the 'bore entracte, it is impossible not to be struck with with the contrast which that country now presents—her population virtuous and bides. trious, excelling in all tie arts, and her remotest wilds isenetttted by that civilisation and cormwerce which have ever been the patent" of freedom, peace; and plenty. Thursaity list, a tine little girl, tiik daughter of a Mr. Glbtion, reilaing In Park -Place, Walworth, Was killed, in conaequenee of titeit•heel Oa catkin itith tl driver wits riditi it the time hiving passed over part of bee body and 1I d, ;he litter o f e c g ivrat a manner as to °Exits* instintitheous death . . The go e r of the vihiele. Where man% is Sohn titicry, terAnt to Mr. Wilt, cow. Weiler was* inifitidiately taken into alstody. Ott Frldiy, Inquest took piste st dole IllinstittiaW and Hounds. ~Atter investigating the tied, the jury *tithed a verdict of Attlairlital teeth. SCINTILLIL THE BIRTH OF FRENCH LIBERTY. (3 Mr. Roane, et f Liverpool.) O'si the vine.cover'd hills and gay valleys a Prance See the day.etar of Liberty rise, Through clouds of detraction unwanted advance, AndloM its new course to the skies. At: eißslgence so mild, with a lost?* so blight, All Europe with vender surreys, And from deserts of darkness, and dungeons of night, Contends for a share In the blaze. Oh ! who 'mid the darkness of night would abide That can taste the sweet bream of morn ? And who that has drank of the chrptalline tide, To the feculent flood would return ? When the bosom of beauty the throbbing heart meets, Al ! wike would the tratspeet decline P And who that has tasted of y's sweets The prize—but with life—would resign ? But 'tie over, high Hear's' the decision approves, Oppression has struggled in vain; To the Hell she had formed, Superstition moves, And Tyranny gnaws bee own chain. In the records of Time a new sera unfolds, All nature exults in the birth, His creation, benign, the Creator beholds, And gives a new charter to earth. Oh, catch its high import ye triode, as ye blow ! Oh, bear It ye waves as ye roll ! From the Nations that feel the Swell retina glow, To the farthest extremes of the Pole. Equal rights, equal laws to the Nations around, Peace and ftirodship its precepts impart ; And wherever the footsteps of man on be found, May be bind the decree on his heart ! TO THE EDITOR. Sll,—The enclosed smen of native poetic talent was taken from the walls of a church in Hampshire, which has been nine months cloud for repairs. If you will Insert it in your respectable paper, it may tend to excite other poets of our country. Your's respectfully, THE DES h. tarp CHURCH. ifiehber Parson, Clerk, nor Sextou, is here to be found The Church quite neglected, while I till my (hound use fourth of my produce, debuting Ripeness Is paid to the Parson, say nothing offences Is this not tiranick. I ask you by passers Peens the ether three forths. I pay Rent and Taxes The Minh being shut up. and our Prsyen neglected No Tithe for no Duty is what. I reasonably expected But reason says the Parson. has nothing to do with my Clain. I insist on my Tithes, if nothing ymi pin I will be Lord of this Parish ; and if 1 cant have my way I will take up my Tithe:, without further delay. I will stop the repairs of the Church. and oppose all the People I will take off the roof, and if possible the Steeple Although Times is so bad, I will load you with Expenses No reduction in my tithes, because defences The tithes of the Clergy, is the cause of much derision And a Subject of course. that stands its need of revision The libitum is bad, the emolument too much I call forth the attention, of all that think such To nmedy.the evile. it is my opinion Something should be said. about a begining By calling a County Meeting, a Petition to send To Parliament praying. the Tithe Laws to mend If some fientlemen of independence, would step forward in this Cause They would hate the support of the County, and meet great applause. A. B. ORIGIN OF THE TRI-COLOCRED CoCBiDe.--Before the Revolution, the city of Paris had colours of its own—red and blew —the white being the colour of the Km; and his army. After the taking of the Beadle, the sensed bargeoise of the city having taken the name of the National Guard, added the white to the two previous coleus of Parte, fbr the ;impose of indicating that the King was no Ismer a separate estate, and that his power had passed into the hands oldie people. Thus the fri.ooloor became the national colour. MR. MACKENZIE AND TILE WLATHER.—Mr. Mae kande knits, we have reason to know, become a son of Lion of late—that is ever since we took whales) to phial out the fidelity of some of his • rughostiesdens. His book halt fleas In every body's mouth fot the last - two Mends—and a man (we speak from experience) actually acquires some repots at dinner and 'upper patio, from being acquainted with ft. Mr. Mackenzie, as we formed_y bore testimo was right to a &IV&_ in tegerd to the weather of M ay, Jam, and July. 6 The favour. Mills change that took plies towsrde the ettd of the list 'Wealth, elevated Min in the estimation of ntluiy giveloug men, aye, and of sagacious rant% too, to a rank inferior only to that of a pniphet.—Me. Black. abed had twenty, thirty, and sometimes even flay applications in a tot copies of the Atonal"—and we made ourselves quite sure, told ere art sure so did he, that the Manual for 1881 would be a ntost tuanty.maklng speculation. But just as our, . and we presume his hopes, were at the highest, the skies became overcast, and drenching shown, such as we had yeitcolity afternoon, about four o'clock, have retailed to our great horrification. Mr. Mackenzie has, we are told, fot we hive not the honour of his acquaintance, been assailed with questions from all aides as to what can be the cause of this anomalous rag on the past of the weather—attiring as it does at a time alien the public, depending on hid prledietiods as set ferth by ourselves sod other journalists—the Perth Coderiir in particular—made sure of a glorious harvest. The answer to these presumptuous interrogatories it now before us, and it proves, is will be men, dist it is us and cur con. temporaries that have ban too sanguine, not M. Mackenzie Oat it wrong. We are sure at a time when the sickle is ready, the hus bandman impatient, and the crops most luxuriant, but woefully greens that Mr. Mackenzie's explanation will be read with attention of no ordi nary kind : In the strictures made upon the Manual for the current year in different parts of the country, by means of the newspapers, 1 regretted to observe that the coming weather of August was expected to be par ticularly fine; and 1 believe I took an occasion last month of mertior. ill to you that such expectations were rather extravagant. In the table of the Manual, August is stated to be dry, mild, dear, light winds— winds generally northerly and easterly; and at page 76, when giving the particulars of the weather of the month, it is there mentioned that the mild temperature would be of an ordinary description, and that the number of Jaya* rain, and the quantity of rain, would be under average. Now, putting these circumstances together, the month should con out only tolerably good ; for the average number of days rain in it is .0 as 18, and any thing below this amount will suit the description, because it is nut said that the month would be considerably or very dry. --but simply dry--and it would only be simply mild. Indeed from the nature of the season, gathered from the calculations, there could be no allusion made to warm or tine weather in the description of it, arc accordingly there is none; and what has been mentioned regarding the harvest weather is rather unfavourable than otherwise, though the bulk of the crop was indicated above average. " I suspect the constant disappointment respecting the weather of the Inatome? months has been partly the cause of such sanguine expectations being stored up tor August; as it it, it has hitherto been the bud of the season. Yet I have been questioned by several as to the accuracy of my ealculations on the first shower which fell .on the month—a fact which did not occur since the publication of the Manual till now. I have only time toad& that next summer there will be much more tie patience evinced at the dry weather than has appeared in this, in consequence of the rains. By the way, I forgot to state that I never pledged myself as totba psefeeVoccuracy of every particular in the weather to vine ; on the contrary; I repeatedly mentioned that there would of necessity be Nome little huiceuracies, but that in general it would be found covrect. Whatever may be thought of the Manual of the present year. I have abundant reason to rest satisfied—at least, hitherto—with the result Edinburgh Obeervef. ... • . . • MTH. Tho 20th inst. the Lady of J. Melville, esq. of Upper Harley.strco , of a son. 111AikRIE1). The gist inst. at Chepstow, W. B. Ilathews, esq. of London• to Elizabeth blary, second daughter of the late R. Fiske, esq. of Chepstow• 8188, On the 21st inst. Mr. lobo Brabbam, Chemist, C. of Poplar. altal 02. The 14th inst. Ittar.Aditiral Heater, at the advanced age o f 28. The 20th inst. as Bath, after a protracted illness. Harriet , the chlot da„ Vllhter •of John Buda Butler, erg Cormnissary.Grueral to the Forces.-f—Theleth inst., at Harrogate. in his 81st year, W. Smiths on. " . Kl• inW Of- Heath. near Wakefield, Lieut.-Colonel Commandant of the .two Regiments of Leeds Local 31ilitia.—The 31st inst. at Wal thametow, Ella. wife of, S. Smith, esq in the 77d, year of her age. The 2001 inst. T.. 1A Whiner, Esq :. at his residence, Uhler -terrace. Regent's-efek.—The 21st inst. in !south itudley-street, • litch`ll' Esq. formerly Captain , of the Hon. Ems India Company's ship Bridge water, in the 8 7th year of his age —ll. e 19 th inst. 3lr. J. foremin' of his 411kjerAy'll C.ustotne, aged 88..—The 224 insr, at her .stn's how. in Abingdon.street; Westminster, in the 81st year of her age* Un . Hallett, widow of the late J. Hallett, Esq. of Little Seoll;ril.ysta .... The 211 d blower, in Park-place, St. Junin's, at a very a 1 va,,,.„ 4 see, Mrs. Drier:eke, tenet of the late C. &Wake, 2lid inst. in itiallith year, at his residence at Petlithant. P"' formerly of Bankside, esaLmereissoo and Plibliabtd by 30111 Millet, at the Sue , t, 1 4 100. 1, Islekett-plabi, Temple Bar. • 4 • on ct. Le I cat, 1 lo t the on. of • 30. Idle j s 17' / I n e i 1A iced rhc Bet, •I we. At•