Star. — London, England, 1827-08-17 00:00:00

P . " • • • 1 1 , t t _ s 4 ! 1 ' I ' . . 17 0.• . .. 4 1 / 1t141 , f4 -...- . 11P54004 4444 A&,,k,1e4 14 - _.,4. - ifltil;'• ..,kA(... , .• .... et 4 .0-v 1 .. .. l i at rjr,... FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 17, 1827. NUMBER 12.640.] [PRICE SEVENPENCF. TO FLORISTS, Sce. This day was published. SIICO/4111 Fomow. In One Volume hvo. with culoarel Figures of Camellia Japonica. Price 14s. bds. rrHE GREEN-HOUSE COMPANION; com prising a general course of Oreen•house and Conservatory I\lanagement throughout the Year; particular directions for the Management of Plants, their proper Soils, modes of cultivation, with other Partichlars. 0 The rapid sale of a very large impression is at once evidence of the growing interest attached to the subject ; and also, as the author hopes he may be allowed to infer, of the satisfactory manner in which he has executed biotech in the short treatise of which he now offers a Second Edition."—Preface to Second Edition. FRENCII PAPERS. PROM THE GAZETTE DR FRANCE, DATED WEDNESDA'V, Printed for Harding and Lepard, London. DIBDIN'S CLASSICS. This di , / was published, Feuer's EDITION, in Two very large Volumes, Bvo. entirely re-written, /nice £5l 2s. in boards, AN INTRODUCTION tt) the KNOWLF. - DGE of RARE and valuable EDITIONS of the GREEK and LATIN CLASSICS. By THWIAS FROGNALL DIBDIN, D.D. F.R.S. P.A.S. Kr This new E'rlitioo contains a great accession of valuable materials during the Author's residence upon the Continent, and communicated by his Correspondents abroad and at home since the work was last printed. it few Copies upon Imperial Paper, to range with the Bistro- THICA SPILIICIRIANA. Orders for which should be addressed with out delay, to the respective Booksellers. Price £6 6s. Printed for Harding and Lepard, Pa East; and G. B. Whittaker, Ave Mania lane, London; 411.0.1% .•-•• out delay, l Printed Whittaker, L This da A NI M i shewn by e yearns. If VP The from the Sc tervals of a I. On the te. flydrc Hydra 4. I'neue .5. Ike, 6. .11ccli: Media I.ondoa by W. F. V Glasgow, k and Newsn, DEN DER SELF.A CHINE. 71, GE) THE 1 A. resin with the abl which vet) , loraluable r he accompli pan, Stew.p Tea, or Sup few minutes Irene clean; reseeded to Chambers N.B. A el i sakctured r test Kitchei , foes, with hoary Utem I. to set of hay and A Tlae wale et en examine, in Kingdom; to legible chin a OssinTs., t i alait"Y ' T HE wre te krautiar, La. II: a. it the Woo, throw off idity and I T. Sold by / t• wd.strcet; 11 change, and Of whom 10 to HEAL , I cases of D e ; 1 confidence 11 DI 11 Tins iu A. the Is rinsed ,eri, 10 IoJI , in all : 11 relaa Sa c . 11 twain, P ftriaal wi L 11 m a n y 11 1 .14.1. TI 1 11 trw tomel thtrii t,;;Olprde tra 4, 1 , 1 by 1000 n; 1 1),4 1111; h Camh.pi Ito !electable " 114, 6 a prof,oral M, Ir• X. NE' No. With oObi lawn, Cain, 861 ' plt A TU ' lnge Mime op ris ' e Ilic.cy I s r y a , .Icle of I 'k bee ; o nes- limb, to m a , tAt4. To ark 3.1 sld Isa.e, to tort ' and id w PI14:0 LOW Cat ~4 le I ' l7 . to Nit ono ltd i~ o t o o U . . Itaitb O 't O . 4 to 4 O 'atui ve %lc 4, ar▪ . • • LIBRARY OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, This day was published, by BALDWIN, CRADIWK, and Joy Ali. A NIMAL MECHANICS: the Pettection 01 De sir; in the Dunes of the Head, Spine, Chest, and Limb., shewn by comparison with .Architectural and Mechanical Contri vances. Illustrated by numerous Cuts, price 6d. a The following are the Treatises which have already emanated from the Society fur the Diffusion of Useful Knowledze, at in tervals of a fortnight asunder. 1. Os the Objects, Advantages, and Pleasure, of Science. te. Hydrostatics. .:. Hydraulics. 4. Pneurnatiee. .5. lleat, ill Two Numbers. 6. .‘leclinrc , , Prime Movers. Mechanics, Elements of Machinery, Two Numbers. London: Puhltshed by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy; in Dublin, by W. F. Wakeman; in Edinburgh, by Oliver and Boyd; and in Glasgow, by Robertson and Atkinsim ' • and sold by all Booksellers and Newsmen, &c. throngbout the JC.lagdom. 11ENDERSON'S IMPROVED PATENT PORTABLE SELF-ACTING AND EXPEDITIOUS COOKING MA CHINE.- LONDON STOVE GRATE REPOSITORY, 71, GRACECHURCH-STREET. THE Prop: ietor of this Establishment begs most A respectfully to acquaint the Public that he can supply them with the above article superior to any house in London, and on which rety considerable improvenunts have been made. By this laraluable Apparatus, Boiling, Steaming, Frying. or Stewing, may be accomplished; its appendages consists of a Frying-pan, &Luce pan, Stew-pan, and a Coffee-pot, by which 131taltixsr, Dinner, Tea, or Supper msy be prepared for a moderate sized Family in a few minutes, at the trifling expense of one Penny, and from its mi l:eine cleanliness, portability, and simi.licity, it is strongly recotn. winded to the notice of Nautical Alen, Gentlemen residing in Cambers, Water Parties, and for Summer Houses. N.B. A perfectly new and ekgant Assortment of superior ma nufactured Register Stoves and Grates of every description, Pa int Kitchen Ranges, Ovens, and Back Boilers to act without Les, with /lot Closets and Steaming Apparatus attached, Cu linary Utensils, in Copper, Iron, and double block Tin ; • co m. etc set of which, suitable for Families and to Officers of the Nay and Army, can be furnished for from Eight to Ten Guineas. The scale of Prices adopted at this Establishment will be found, en examination, considerably under in price to any 'louse in the Kingdom. every article having a price affixed to it in distinctly legible ch aracters, from which no abatement will be made. Old Stoves taken in Exchange. Ossiaix.—Over the Shop Front of the London Stove Grate kository, is erected a most splendid Gas Lamp. E ANTI-IMPETIGINES; nr , Solonson'c Drops, are found efficacious in the removal of Scorbutic Eruptions, befulutr, Tumours, and Sores, and the Symptoms of a Scorbutic libit. By purifying the Blood, and restoring the healthy action tithe blood vessels, this excellent medicine made; the system to throw off noxious humours, and to repel tile causes that induce De bfity and Disease. Sad by Mr. R. Jolustone, 68, Cornhill; Mr. Sanger, 1 5.), Ox. fordmeet; Mr. Ward, Iloßrirn ; Mr. Stradliug, Royal Ex. dung', and all Midicine Venders, in bottles at 11s. and 331. each. Oi wheat may be sad, price Sr. Dr. SOLOMON'S GUIDE to HEALTH, which may be consulted as the 'Cent friend in all cases of Debility, Loss of Appetite, Consumption, &c. with assured conlideote of success. DR. GREEN'S A NTISCORBUTIC DROPS. T HIS invaluable Medicine, which has been held in the highest reputation for upwards of fifty years, by a eon tinsel series of extraordinary Cures it has effected on the human toly, in all Scorbutic Complaints, Scone's, King's Evil, Erysi- Hat, 3tc. ulcerated wounds in any part of the body sod legs; highs, Piles, in short it cures every impurity of , . the Mood, and Wm.' who have been stung by poisonous reptiles, have been d r coolly cured by this excellent Medicine, when others have '‘ ,4 l. The innumerable proofs indeed of its efficacy, and the knefit derived Irons it by Its purifying the Wood, and cons. tht , ly eradicating the Sea and Land Scurvy, have given it a de t`:td preference over most other Medicines. b , 1,1 by Messrs. Butler, Chemists, Cheapside, corner St. Faun, L I•loc; 73, Princes -strut, Edinburgh, and SS, Sackvilie.street, bWisi Alcestis. Barclay, 95, Fleet-market; Messrs. Sutton, Bow C 4 mb-yard ; Mr. Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; and the most "actable Medicine Venders in every Town In the Kingdom, "backs at Ss. 6.1. I is.. and ss. duty Included, accompanied *4 roper directions, and a list of extraordinary Cures effected ~_ 11, 1$ Medicine. ) ;EW EDITION, THE TENTH, ENLARGED, mil Observatio ns on the Danger of trusting to Nostrums as an Internal Rem e d y f or th e C urt o f Stricture; illustrated by tes, price it ACTICA u. L OBSERVATIONS ON STRIC TURES of the URETHRA and It ECTUM,reeommentliog tensed System for their Treatment and Cure, illustrating its ..cy by "unit rout remarkable and highly important Caws, in `vote of which Strictures of from Ten to Twenty Teats duration been totally removed in a few weeks, and its superiority fully established over every other method hitherto prac .COURTENAY, los/Web are a dd e d, Observations and Practical Comments an Seminal Weakness, and the Miseries occasioned by Self ',for the cure of which, a mode of treatment, the result of d weeessful practice, and at once safe, speedy, and effsctual, red by the Author. iced for the Author, Robert-street, Adelphl; and Published ' Ol l by Sherwood and Paternoster-row ; Onwhyn, 4, k nue-r.reet, Strand • Chappell* Ro y al Exchange ; Mara'. 'vll 7 t hford•itreet; Waiter, 110, High Ralauf° ; lehaPPle; a uk Sutherland, 0, CLltun-street, Edinburgh; and nosy be tansettly recommend the cases related by Dr. Courtenay 4 41 . :11 , 11nal of such of oar Readers as are art red with the c th e author has made the subject of these Ohs, rya `afri, Several i nstances are a dd uce d of the recovery of perfect 4 " :atio states whi c h were cons id ere d hopeless by practitioners 1 :...1'mt tal ents , and very extensive experience. We entertain 'ghee ..pinirm of De. Courtienay's profsasional skill, and tall. big, on his successful and judicious application to these uften dastrisetive diseases.“—European Niliagmes AUGUST 1.5. ST. RETECISBURGII, JULY 28. Foreign Journals, on the credit of pretended letters from Odessa, announce a speedy conclusion of peace with Persia, but we know nothing of it here; the pre parations of the Government s and the manner in which the war has been carried on, rather seem to presage that it wi Ibe of long duration. The operations of this war for more than a year past have led to on result. Everybody agrees iii ascribing this to the mea•utcs of General Yerrnoloff, who had entirely neglected to term magazines, and at the same time had discontented the inhabitants and authorities of the country by many ar bitrary acts. But the measures of General Diebitso. his Majesty's Aide•de C rmp, and of the new oltcers employed in the Commissariat, who have been sent to the provinces beyond the Caucasua, have at length re stored mder, and we may confidently expect soon to hear of great successes. It is generally believed that by the treaty of peace we shall obtain the cession to Russia of the province and city of Erivan, as far as the left bank of the Ai axes. The inhabitants shew the greatest eagerness to implore the protev.iou of our Sovereign. PERPIGNAN, AUGUST 7. PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE. A land of 600 or 700 lien, who are designased by the n a me of Carlists, appeared before Olot, an.l de• manded that the arms and equipments should be deli vered up t then), and also 100 quadruples. They were at first refused admittance, but after a fire of muiquetry, which lasted two hours, they entered. PARIS, Auc. 13. The subscription propoied by M. C. Dupin, for a medal to the memory of Mr. CANNING, amounted yes• terday to 4 500 francs. The serious disturbances which have broken out at Lisbon during the last days of July, and the display of public opinion in favour of the disgraced Minister, are a manifest proof that the representative system has in that country more partisans than men generally sup posed, and that the fear of re-actions, which have weakened it too long. has contributed to strengthen that idea to its disadvantage. It would be incredible, indeed, that citizens, who have submitted to a Con stitption granted to them by their legitimate Sovereign, should be alarmed for the consequences of their obe dience, whilst the party which has resisted the will of the Monarch, and against which they have long fought, derived every advantage from a struggle so long and so obstinate. This situation is very extraordinary, we must admit, and we ought not, therefore, to be asto nished at the agitated state of men's minds in Portugal. The tendency of the new policy is disclosed by certain facts. In Spain, it is clear that its ostensible object is to obtain greater moderation in the absolute system; and in Portugal less latitude in the constitutional system. Thus it constantly happens, that at Madrid it is among the Apostolical party, and at Lisbon among the Constitutional party. that the greatest resistance is found. In Spain, the cry is " Success to the Inquisition;" and in Portugal, "to the Constitution." In the first place, it is " Don Carlos for ever," and in the latter " Don Pedro." To derive an harmonious result from such discordant ingredients, appears to us a problem which defies solution, because both countries are celebrated for the vivid resentments, the ardent passions, and the in veterate hatred of their inhabitants. Consequences can alone prove whether it be possible to hold between the two parties which exist in those countries an equal ba lance, to maintain union and peace in the - midst of all the elements 91 trouble and discord, and to inspire con fidence in the midst of the causes for alarm and distrust." PARIS, Ave. 14. One of our subscribers writes us, on occasion of the affair, of Algier , , a letter, which we publish with plea sure, not that we partake of either the opinion or the hopes of our correspondent on the grave questions which he discusses, but because it is impossible for us not to receive favourably the new and patriotic ideas which his letter c•intains. We appreciate too highly the immense advantages of the peace which we enjoy, to adopt projects which would, at least, have the dis advantage of interrupting its course. As soon as Al giers had the imprudence to attract the attention of France to its walls, policy and religion conceived that they were on the eve of a triumph. They beheld, in a disgraceful neighbourhood, only a glorious booty. Many sensible persons have partaken the views, we may say the generous illusions, of the au hor of this letter. Let us taller hope that fatality will not urge imprudent aggressors any farther, and that the fortune of France s will not be tempted to suffer itselt to be seduced. After the glory of obtaining a just reparation for the King's flag, there is no other to be desired by Frahce, as by all the Governments of the 19 h century, than to maintain the general peace, of which nations have so much need, and which is more advantageous to civilization than the finest conquests. In this letter, which is of great length, the writer re commends the conquest of the count, y, where he would found Colonies. He asserts the justice of the measure, by virtue of the law'of retaliation, the Koran having given to its followers this command, which they have obeyed-6 , Exterminate all who you do not convert."' He thinks that though the expenle would be con,i.ler able. an army of 25,000 men, including 2,000 heavy cavalry, would be tully sufficient t r overcome all the forces of the Beys, which cannot exceed 20,0G0 bad troops, for the inhabitants would lathe- join the in •aders. Foreign Posters need not be very je .lous, as France has but few Colonies, and by this conquest of, Barbary would s cure Spain, Portugal, and Italy, and be a great relief even t u the States of the North, for where is the State that has not a share in the danger and the disgrace? All the nations of Christendom con tribute to fid the slave markets of Algiers—all pay 101 the pirates a tribute like that which the Greeks paid to the Minotaur. FROM THE .I"UIINAL DES DEBATE. LISDON, JULY 28. (of the Editor or the Lishox Gazelle) is only a prelude to others. which the events from the 24th to the 28th mutt occasion. We are in the mean while in a state of tranquility, which, howeve►, it only 'owing to the arrangements made on the evening of the 27th, between the Ministers and the garrison, and to the reciprocal fears of the two parties; for they do not know what effect the dismissal of Saldanha will produce in the provinces, and particularly in Oporto. where he has a powerful party. This is the real cause of the pre- sent apparent tranquillity. Nevertheless, there are some asseroblls in the streets. The patrols confine themselves to exhorting the people ro disperse, but ex ercise no siolence. indeed, the feeling of the troops corresponds very much with that of the people. It i, reporteJ that al the Mini,te:s, with the exception of Count Di Note. have sent in their resignations. Restos. Liteodant of -the Police, it is said, is very anxious to retire from office. Thig, seems to announce serious fraft its to thl,condutt 41 the Provinces. What has particularly crinttibated.to rouse the indignation of the inhabitants of Li.bon is, the belief that General Saldanha was to have been assassinated had the Princess Regent signed the four decrees of dismissal which he conveyed to her. Miring the 21st and 22d, while General Sal danha remained at Caldas, assailing the decision on this business, parties of six or eight horsemen, completely armed, were met at several points on the roads from Caldas to Lisboa. PROM THE CONSTITUTIONNEL. LISBON, JeLy zo. _ Since the evening of the 28th, the collections of pe-- ple have become less numerous. Tne patrols of cavalry, which run through the streets in every settle of the word, withmtt exercising any severity upon the citi zens, are coi.tented with making them separate in tranquillity. ltie date of the decree (July 28) for the dismissal of Jost. Liberato Fteire de Cartalho, from the situation of Editor of the Lisbon Gazette, shews the great imp Irt ance which is attached to it,.since an estraordinai y courier WO yesterday sent to Caldas to obtain the dis missal of an Editor of the Gazette. The Princess was made to sign the decree in haste, and the courier to return with it to Lisbon on the same day. The journey there and back is about 40. French leagues. 'The Comte de Villa Fhw, who has been appointed Commander-in.Chiet the armed force at I,isbon, has lost, by the conduct which he purstvd on the 26th, 27th, and 28th, all V,e popularity which he had ac quired during hi; command of the Army of the IslArth; and what has contributed most of all to make him lose it is, that although the assemblies were composed for the most part of the elle of the people of Lisbon, they were in eve, y quai ter treated as nothing else but as semblies of the canaille. We are assured that the Ministers have taken upon themselves the rep , nsibility of giving a false date to the decree from Caldas, for the dismissal of M. Car valho, seeing that time is no telegraph dispatch in Por tugal, and that the post is not conducted in that coun try in such a manner as therrable any person to receive in the evening an answer to an article published at nine o'clook in the morning, at Lisbon. The Count da Ponte, the new Minister of War, is looked npnn here as the confidential agent and instru ment of Sir W. A.Court. PARLIANIENT.ARY PAPER. CRIMINAL COMMITMENTS AND CONVICTIONS. The following is a Report from the Select Commit the on Criminal Commitments and Convictions, which was ordered to be printed by the House of Commons: REPORT. The Smarr Cosperrves appointed to inquire into the Cause of the Increase in the Number of Criminal Commitments and Coo victions in England and Wales ; and who wrre empowered to report their Observations and Opinion thereupon, together with the Minutes of Evidence taken before them, to the House ; Have inquired into the Matters to them referred, and agreed upon the following Rertiev : The appointment of the Committee having taken place late in the Session, there has not been sufficient time either for complete inquiry or mature deliberation on the whole of the important sub ject referred to them. But the evidence given before them upon one branch of their inquiry, appears to them of such considerable value as to justify their making a separate Report; calling the at tention of the House to its bearing and effect. The first object to which the attention of your Committee was turned, was to inquire into the increase of the number of commit ments as compared with the increase of the population. The increase of population from 1801 to 1821 is as follows— [NOLAND AIID WALES. 1801 . . . 8,972,986 1811 . . . 10,150,615 1821 . . 11,977,663 The number of commitments for trial in England and Wales from 1806 to 1826- 1806 . . . . 4,346 1816 . . . . 9,091 1826 _ . . . . 16,147 Including the number of commitments on summary conviction before Magistrates, the increase would be still greater. But the retinas in the Secretary of State's Office on this subject are nut yet so complete as to induce your Committee to bring them before the attention of the House. The increase of crime from 1806 to 1816 may perhaps be In part accounted for by the change front war to peace. From 1816 to 1826, however, not .only has there been no such change, but peculiar attention has been paid to the subject of crime, both by official pe-r -sousT by voluntary coon/Muer% and by individuals. The antic, of the Secretary of State tor the Hume Department have been exer cised with peculiar zeal and judgment; prisons have been improved, the defects of b law inquired into, education among the pour promoted. In.proceeding to inquire into the causes of the increase in the number of criminal commitments, your Committee, for the convenience of reducing into order an investigation so extensive, began by dividing the subject into three parts, let, the increase .ot crime in the agricultural dirricts; hd, the increase of crime in the manufacturing districts; 3d, the increase of crime in t►r metropolis. It is to the first part alone that they have hitherto directed their inquiries ; nor have they been able to form a definite judgment even on this portion of the subject. They proceed, however, to lay before the I louse their observations, together with the substance of the evidence taken before them, referring to the evidence itself for more complete details. The main CJAPIC of the increase of crime in the agricultural districts .ippears clearly to be the low rate of wages, and want of sufficient employment fur the labourer. This evil has been greatly eggraystsd, although not altogether produced by the abuse of the Poor Laws to a purpose for which they were never intended. During the high price of provisions, which occurred soon after the commencement of the war in 1793, the farmers, instead of raising the wages of labour in proportion to the increased value of sub. sisteDee, ►a,l recourse to the expedient of making up the deficiency out tithe pour rate. While the war continued, the increasing de mand for agricultural produce, and the abmsdancy of the currency, concealed the evil with which t►is system was pregnant ; but with the restotation of peace came large importationt or foreign corn, a diminished currency, and a want of employment fur the labourer. At the same time while employs, tit diminished, t►e new admi niseeathin at the Moe Laws tended to Increase the population. So th.t the farther this vicious •ystens ws carried, the greater and more tliicolt became the obstacles to a restoration of a healthy state. The fluctuations which have taken place since 1816, both with regard to the price of corn mod the amount of the currency in circulation, have still further acted to prevent any improvement in the situation of the country.. It is not fur your Committee to enter into any discussion on questions of economy. But they think It their duty to call th t e attention of the Huuse to the degradation of the moral charectet of the labouring classes which attends the vicious system of sup• poring front the poor rates a number of young men, for whom the parish finds only partial employment. The wretchedness of their condition, the want of regular habits. and of the due subordinating of the labourer to his employer, all tend greatly to the promotie* of crime. Early marriages, contracted either to avoid going to prison on a charge of bastardy, tic with a view or receiving a better allowance from the parish, increase the evil, and multiply a popo lation, for whom there is no certain employment, and a miserable subsistence; and in this situation they are too apt to believe they can improve their condition by offending against the !awe beat remedy for mob a state of things would undoubted!, be a great Increase in the demand for labour. Bat whether that increase takes place or not, some amendment of the Poor Laws which might prevent the marvelling abuses from being carried fur. ther teems to be call-J for. At presents, while in many counties the character of the labourer is daily becoming worse, and the means of his employer daily becoming less, there are other districts where the old and wholesome administration of the Poor Laws prevail., where the wages given are sufficient for the maintenance of the labourer, and the feeling of independent is not yet obliterated. It is surely desirable to prevent the infection of a v.cious system front spreading to districts which it has not reached. and, If possible, to provide for its gradual diminution in those where it most prevail.. The evidence taken before the Committee thews undeniably that the great increase of preserves for game which has taken place of late years has tended materially to the increase of crime in partieu• lar districts; a pheasant or a hare is so easily taken, that a labourer only half employed, and ill•fed, cannot resist the temptation. Men of a wild character, likewise have within their reach both the means of gratifying their love of sport and the means of sliapo.ing of their booty. Some are of opinion that if the sale of game were allowed by law, poaching would not be so frequently resorts(' to. Whether such a speculation be well founded or no, it appears to be the duty of the Legislature to listen to every rational proposal on the subjest of the Game Laws, and rather to hazard an experiment which may fail, than to allow the present evils to continue without any effott to counteract them. When an this subject It dose ves remark, that in the return of the commitment, if inhalers lot trial, none are to be'fwnd for of fences agiinst the Game Laws till the passing of int Act winch subjects men to transportation fur going armed a- night in pursuit of game. This offence does not appear by the returns to base in creased since the passing of the Act ; the number committed in 1627 being 127. and in 1826, 126. Hut in my of the petty larcenies ha the agricultural counties are to be attributed to the vicious habits created by poaching. With respect tO;rison discipline, your Committee will make at present but two short remarks. The oue is, that little good 'sons to be effected by confinement, unless accompanied by bodily labour. The other, that the construction and regulation of the treadsmill s the prison diet, and the hours to be employed in hard labour, ought to ►e made as nearly as possible uniform in eves) , gaol in the kingdom. The Committee do not at percent feel themselves prepared to Give any opinion on the evidence upon the very important subject of education. With respect to the increased frequency of commitments under the malicious trespass Act, your Committee would observe, that although petty offences ought not to go altogether unpunished, there can be no greater evil than the abuse of the power of sending to prison for trifling trespasses. So far from preventing atrocities of fences, your Committee is t f opinion, that the mere fact of haring been sent to prison is likely to deprive a man of one of the greatest moral restricts. the dread of being marked out as a cellist' in the face of his country. To this evil is to be added the danger of associating with bad characters in prison, and the difficulty which some times occurs of finding employment after being discharged. The Committee now proceed to furnish a summary of the evi dence taken before them. Mr. Pym has acted for nine years as a Magistrate foe the county of Cambridge. It appeara from the Returns presented to Pat lia ment, that the number of prisoners committed for trial in the county of Cambridge were—in 1805, 40 ; inn 1806, 26 ; 1814, 37 ; 1815, 64 ; 1816, 71 ; 1824, 110; 1825, 157 ; 1828, 142. Mr. Pym is of opinion, that since the Gaol Act there have been more full returns sent to the Office of the Secretary ot State. tie items, however, that there are more committals under the Game Laws, which he attributes to distress. The sum given by the parish to a single man who has no employment is 2s. Bd. per week ; the wages in harvest are about 265. a week, and beer. "In the summer sea. son these single men can earn as much a. would enable a man to support a family, generally speaking; they then squander that money, and in the winter, about the month of November, they ge. nerally apply to the overseer or to the surveyor; and I i sae known many Instances in many parishes, and it repeate Ily comes before me, that single men would not let themselves as servants to the farmers, because if they should do so, they'li/ould he under their controul in the summer months, and they would rather take pariah pay and take their chance through the winter, than contralti them selves during the summer months, when they could get a toler able demand for labour and constant employment." He thinks that the feeling of shame at parochial relief Is quite obliterated ; the practice of the labourers subsisting on very small sums received from the parish without active employment, makes them discontented and dissatisfied with their condition. They think they are rot sufficiently paid fur their labour, and eten bold out a threat that if they have nut more they must do something which they would not like to do to obtain it. In this situa.ion, the labourers are often guilty of poach* or fowl stealing, but especially the former. They do not consider poaching to be a moral offence; there is a very general feeling both amongst the farmers and amongst the labourers that poaching is not a moral crime. The labourers begin with poaching, and that leads to every thing that is bad ; they begin to set snares at ten years old. In the district where Mr. Pym resides, however, there Is very little game, and more fowl stealing. In the gaol at Cam bridge the pi Wooers work on the treadmill nine hours a day ; those who work on the treadmill have three pounds of bread and a plat of small beer a day allowed them. Those who arc not put upon the treadmill are allowed only a pound and a half ot bread a day, and nothing else. Poachers whir are not put oa the treadmill often apply to he employed on it for the increased allowance ; idle men, on the other hand, have a greater dread of being sent to gaol than they formerly bad. The Rev. Dr. Hunt produced from an accurate return the total number of commitments to the gaol of Bedford. In 1802, they were 47 ; 1803, 88; 1805, 91 ; 1806, 120 ; 1815, 125; 1816,141 ; 1825, 333; 1826, 548, and the year ending the 10th of Jan. 1827, 417. He calculates that from the year 1801 to 1827, the population of the county has increased to the amount of 40 per cent. while during the same period crime has increased ten-fold, or 900 per cent. It is to be remarked, however, that in the year rola lowing 1801, criminal commitments more than doubled, and have never since been much below that amount. It is likewise to be observed, that the prisoners from the tow's are now committed to the county gaol. On the other lurid, the practice of sending va. grants to gaol, which of course swelled the returns, has been dis continued for the last few Yeats. Dr. Hunt states as the first cause of the increase of crime, the distress 01 the agricultural labourer. He lays, that in some parishes the unmarried labourers ate universally degraded to become rounds. men, or parish labourers on the gravel pits or on the roads ; that such men receive from 3s. to 31. 6d. a week ; and he has known an instance of a young man apparently 17 years of age, who received only 2s. a week. That they marry either to avoid going to prison on a charge of bastardy, or to obtain a better provision from the parish. 'lilac he has ob. .d a great loss of the letting of inde pendence, scarcely any compunction at receiiing parish relief, and a consequent degradation in the moral character ot the labourer.— He does not think any great improvement can take place among them till they can generally obtain regular employ met, and fair wages. Those who are kept by the parish during the winter reefive Ss. front the overseer, to enable them to seek their fortunes dJting boy time and hat vest. Those who get employed for h arves t work receive about a pound a week. Irish labourers supply their places at harvest, and the labourers •f the parish return to be a hurthen during the winter. Men in this wretched conditien are liable to yield to any tenni,: tint; they go to poaching as an offence of the smallest guilt. Tbry generally appear hardly to consider poaching as a crime; ns.lny *he