Star. — London, England, 1820-09-16 00:00:00

111 • 1. `ii . ~_ 4 •. • THE EVENING STAR. LONDON. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1820. THE FUNDS. 3 per Cent. Cons. 66% % 5 per Cent. Navy 102% % India Stock 213%—Ditto Bonds 20s. 19s. pre. Exchequer Bills, (2d.) ss. 3s. 4s. pre. Cons. for Acct. 66 Y 8 % 67 66MP Bank Stock shut-3 per Cent. Reduced shut 3i per Cent. shut-4 per Cent. shut REVOLUTION IN PORTUGAL. At a late hour last night we received newspapers and letters from Oporto to the 2d instant inclusive; but they leave us still in the dark as to the events that have occurred at Lisbon, We believe, however, that we may venture to say there must have been much exaggeration in the French accounts, as we have learnt from a partner in one of the first English houses in Lisbon that there were no British troops there, though there are many English Officers in the Portuguese Army. From this, it seems to follow that our countrymen could hardly be exposed to the opposition and resentment of the Revolutionists ; for, either if the Portuguese soldiery were engaged in the Revolution, our countrymen were with them ; or, as at Oporto, would be allowed to withdraw. It is im possible that, standing alone, they could or would offer to oppose the Army and the People. It is stated, indeed, in some letters that have been received from Oporto, that the Count d'Ammtawrz, who had .the command of three or four thousand troops, had issued a Proclamation in favour of the Old Government; and therefore it is possible, if this force opposed the general voice, that some British Officers might suffer, in common with the others en gaged in the same cause. But, in fact, we have yet to learn whether this Commander found himself suf ficiently supported, to encourage him to og'er resist ance to the measures of the Revolutionists.—The fol lowing are extracts from the Letters and Journals: EXTRACT OF A LETTER, DATED OPORTO, SEPT. 1. 46 Notwithstanding that it was given out by the people in authority .that official information might soon be expected from Lisbon of the accession of the Regency to the new Constitution, none bas yet ar rived, and we are to-day in a state of anxiety, not to say alarm. The Conde d'Amarante, instead of hav ing joined the constitutional party, still holds out in Chaves, where he has a strong force ; and counter- Proclamations have been issued by him, and postei even in Pennaael. The most alarming circumstance of all is the direction now giving by our Journals to the popular feeling against the English, as you will see by an article in the Gazette of this place, of the 29th ult. and which purports to be an extract from the Corunna Diary; and a still more violent ar icle, dictated by a similar spirit, is expected to appear in the Gazette of to•motrow morning. Besides the Conde d'Amarante, other Officers of distinction still hold out. " SEPTEMBER 2.—The letters from Lisbon, which are due this day, have not arrived." The following is the article alluded to in the above letter, as published in the third Number of the Oporto Paper, entitled Diario Nacional, dated 29th August: " Corunna Diary, August 24. it Letters from Lisbon, received by the last post, announce that Marshal Beresford had sailed from Brazil for England, and that he would soon arrive in Portugal. When that General heard that Ferdi nand VII. had sworn to the Constitution, he em barked for Rio Janeiro, to communicate to the Brazil Government that intelligence. It appears that the political changes of Spain had excited fears in the King and his Ministers : the result of all their coun cils was to cause a suspension of the remittance of money from Europe to Monte Video, to pay the troops under the orders of General Lecor, and the imposition of a third of the decima. It is said here that Beresford has obtained the title of Duke of Por tugal and the Algarves ; and, besides, that be is Ge neralissimo of Portugal and Brazil, with great au thority in the Regency of Lisbon. An English fri gate was disembarking a million and a half of cru sadoes, to distribute among the troops of the army which contributed to the success at Victoria. There is a small portion of money which the French seized in Spain, which they left on the field of battle, and which belonged to the Spaniards. See how the English caress this Portuguese army ! That army which placed on the head of Lord Wellington the finest portion of his laurels—which bore such a part in the deliverance of Spain and in the defeat of the force of Napoleon—was treated in the epoch of its glory with such disdain, that, to overcome its resentment, all the patriotism which ennobles the brave Portuguese army was necessary. It was a striking circumstance to see one of these soldiers rise to the rank of Colonel. The Officers were treated with the greatest disrespect; and Mar shal BeresfOrd evinced so much jealousy, that he caused to be executed Gomez Freir d'Andrade, a celebi ated General who had fought under the ban ners of Napoleon. _ _ " Portugal now is capable of taking care of her own interest•, of which she is the best judge. If she loves liberty, let her take advantage of the favour able moment. Afterwards k will eost her livers of' blood, especially if the English command the troops at Lisbon. They will perhaps come under the pre text of defending the kingdom, but . with the real de sign of subjugating it. The Country of the Albu querques is now a nation, nor is even a colony, since its Prince fled to the Brazils ; it is little better than the Coast - of Guinea! Its money and its men go to another hemisphere, and to shed the blood of its brothers, the Spaniards.' In recompense for these sa-. crifices, what does European Portugal receive ? The destruction of her industry and her commerce, the domination of Beresford, and the capture of its ships by the Corsairs of Artigas in sight of the batteries of Lisbon !!! " It is therefore a consequence of the most urgent nature that Portugal should establish a Representa tive Government, and should unite itself as an inde pendent nation with the Spanish Confederacy. For this purpose Portugal ought to demand from her King the mission of one of his sons as her Sovereign, since he has for ever fixed his Court in the Brazils. Such a demand is just, both in a political and moral point of view. Is Portugal to obey Brazils in omnis retina seculorum? Will the Portuguese subtriit to such an affront e and will the country of the Albu querques and the Castres be converted into the abode of slavery ?" . •:„ FROM THE DIARIO NACIONAL. " OPORTO, AUGUST 29.—1 n the preceding number' of our Diary we said that some ill-informed persons feared great disasters to Portugal, because, say they, our allies cannot be pleased that we make suck an ex traordinary reform in our Political Institutions. Who ?—the liberal English, the nation in the world which best knows by theory and experience how much its greatness is the fruit of its liberty, should take amiss in us an heroic resolution, a transcendant virtue, which it so highly values and loves in itself? Has it opposed the progress of the emancipation of South America? Hasit employed its army or navy to trouble our neighbours? Have we heard in the speeches of its representatives in Parliament a word of disapprobation or of alienation from Spain on account of the restoration of its Cortes ? We have seen nothing of this. We know, on the contrary, that the enlightened Lord Liverpool answered Lord Holland, that the Government of his Britannic Majesty w ill never interfere with the affairs of Spain, relatively to its Constitution; for nations are inde pendent of each other—each Is at liberty to adopt the form of Government, and to make the laws most analogous and suitable to its circumstances, and that the highest interest of a combined power is to be just to all.' • When a Power has the good fortune to have at the bead of its Government men like Lord Liverpool, actuated by such just and liberal principles, it is im possible that it should interfere v. ithout more reason than it is pretended the English have to invade us.— Let us make ourselves easy, experience will shortly prove that we tre not deceived in our prognostica tion. The Supreme Provisional Junta continues to give undoubted proofs of its wisdom. We may be excused making any reflections on this head, when we present to our Readers the following documents. The first is an order to the Colonels and Commanders of Corps of the troops of the line, to include in their re commendations for military promotion those Serjeants whose character and military conduct merit this ho nourable distinction. " The second document is a general pardon to all privates and subalterns, on condition of their return ing to their corps within seventy daysfrom the date of the Proclamation (28th of August). Thanks to HEAVEN, that valour and merit will not find the doors closed to encouraging rewards! What matters it that the soldier was not the son of a Nobleman, jibe has that genuine nobility which is not inherited, which is not to be bought with gold, but which is gained by virtue, by honourable wounds, and by blood shed in the service of the country? If public utility is the supreme law, why should the brave Serjeant be ex cluded from the rank of Officer, when he has so often distinguished himself by the side of his Chiefs in the field of battle? " The first wants of man are food and raiment. The soldier who serves his country must be clothed and fed by the country. If he is in want of food, who can wonder that his courage fails? And if those who command let him fall into the opprobrium of beggary and want, how can they require that the wretch accustomed to ask alms shall resist the temp tation of deserting her banners ? Let it not be ima gined that we approve or excuse desertion : it is a crime: but we mean to say that in this crime there are various degrees of guilt, and that the least of all is when an unjust Government neglects to pay what 1 1 it owes to the meritorious defenders of their country.: " The accounts which we receive from all quarters are highly satisfactory relatively to the good cause of our liberty." Since the foregoing was prepared for the Press, we have received the Paris Papers of Wednesday; and we have pleasure in stating, that the complexion of the intelligence concerning Portugal, so far as re spects our countrymen, is very different from their first statements. According to the Censtitutionnel, the English OJkera, with the Agents of the English Fac tory, were arrested and sent off to Gibraltar next day. The Journal de Paris (a Ministerial Paper) repeats the story of ye - today, as a rumour.: .We do not credit it. The following . are their respeitive statements : " The Revolution of Portugal is no longer doubt ful; but there is some disagreemeit as to the manner in which it was effected. It is said by some accounts, that it has not cost any effusion of. blood, and that the Insurgents contented •themselves with arresting the English Officers and principal Agents of the, English Factory, who were embarked the next day for Gibraltar. Others maintain, on the contrary, that a Regiment, commanded by an Englishman, had made resistance at Lisbon; that the Royal Au thorities had refused to recognize the now Govern ment, and that an engagement ensued, which cost the lives of a great number of persons, estimated by one Journal at as high as 1,500. The latter version appears extremely exaggerated, if it is not entirely false ; the greater part of the letters from Spain and Bayonne make no mention of it. " The accounts received by some commercial houses in Paris mention only the arrest and em barkation of the English. The new Provisional Go vernment has published a Proclamation, in which it declares that the new Revolution has for its object, to discard foreign influence, and to establish, on solid bases, the national liberty and independence. " It is said that Portugal has declared itself inde pendent of Brazil, and that the Constitutional King will reside at Lisbon ; but nothing official has yet transpired on the subject. Several journals affirm also that Spain has sent 20,000 troops into Portugal to support the Revolution. Ilowever much that Revolution may be in the interest of the Cabinet of Madrid, this news appears to us quite improbable, or at least premature ; and the letters from the Pe ninsula do not say a word of any such thing. It is, at the same lime, extremely probable that the two kingdoms, united as they are in interest and in system, will soon form more intimate ties. 44 The news of this Revolution cannot fail to ex cite a deep sensation in England. Portugal was, in fact, entirely dependent on that country, which had all its commerce in its hands and availed itself of all its resources. Everything of the first necessity, even the simplest stuffs, were manufactured by the English ; they made the very hogsheads in which they exported the wines of Portugal: the industry of the country was gone, and two English factories, one at Lisbon and the other at Oporto, had long excited the hatred and jealousy of the inhabitants. The army was commanded by an English General Officer, Lord Beresford, who some time ago deiarted for Brasil, and about three or four hundred English Officers ivere dispersed through the Regiments. It was Eng lishmen 'too who commanded the provinces and strong places, so that the jealousy of the army was not less than that of the people."—Constitutionfiel- A letter from the Spanish Charge d'Affaires at Lisbon (M. de Ponda), dispatched on the 31st of Au-, gust, at eleven o'clock at night, to the Minister of Foreign Affairs at Madrid, has fully confirmed the news of the Revolution in Portugal. It was at, Oporto, and in the province of which that city is the capital, that it commenced, and that the Constitution of the Cortes was proclaimed without at first any opposition. Several other garrisons followed the example. Portuguese Authorities have everywhere superseded the superior English O%cers, who com manded several forts and some provinces. " As yet there are no precise,details as to the un fortunate events at Lisbon, but we are still assured :hat the number of victims has been considerable.— It appears that the English, who had troops in Fort St. Julien, which defends the port of Lisbon, wished to oppose the Revolution, and that the fury of the people turned, not only against these military, but against the English merchants settled at Lisbon. ,It is said that all of these unfortunate persons who could escape, had, with the English garrison, embarked for Gibraltar. A report was also current at Madrid, at the de parture of the Courier, that 20,000 Spanish troops were on their march to Portugal, to serve as auxi liaries to this new Revolution."—Journal de Path. NEAPOLITAN REVOLUTION. It is now confirmed that the Austrian Government has refused to receive the new Neapolitan Ambas sador, the Duke de GALLO. He was stopped at CLa r genfurth. He has, it is true, from. that place ad dressed remonstrances to Prince Marraatucn, sisting on being received ; but his letters will be un availing. The dye then may be considered as cast ! Austria means tb go to war against the Neapolitan Revolution. VIENNA, SEPTEMBER 8. All incertitude on the subject of the Neapolitan Ambassador is now removed. It was not till he ar rived at Clagenfurth that the Duke de GALL° found himself compelled to stop by the declaration of the Commandant, that he could not permit him to pursue his route. From that place the Duke dispatched two Couriers hither, one of whom was the bearer of let ters for Pi ince METTERNICH. The Duke insists, it is said, on coming here. As yet there has been no formal decision on the subject. NAPLES, AUGUST 27. EXTRACT FROM A PRIVATE LETTER. " Our Juntas of Carbonari, and our Ministry of War, are apprised of the military preparations with which Atistria seems to menace us. They are occu pied unceasingly in the organization of all our means of defence, and you will perhaps be surprised at the • • resources which we shall be able to bring to the port of our independence. We are disposed to make: every sacrifice. Nothing has been solicited i• respect, and from all parts of the kingdom offer, of men and money are received by the Government: FRANKFORT, SETTEMBER 7. • A report is current here, founded • u the autheriq of commercial letters, . that the King of Sardinia, formed of the march of a body of Austrian true; towards the frontiers of Piedmont, has given orihrs that the fortress of Alexandria should be rut il, t good state of defence. It would seem from thi , , that this Monarch has decided that the Sardinian array shall be promptly .yut in motion. We wait with ihi patience for farther accounts. VIENNA, SEPTEMBER 1. According to letters from Trente, the .AustriAn troops who have traversed the Brescia have hec ,, . directed towards Mantua, where they are to remain until further orders. The following document has recently been pub lished at Naples: M AN ADDRLSS TO THE BRITISH NATION FROST THE INHABITANTS tat IRINODOIf or NAPLES. " Let a nation that has produced a flacon, a Newton, a Loci e, a ilitakspeare, a Howa-0, a Sidney, a Lancaster, as well as a vas: number of other great men-s-a nation a:•cient in the true ag..: solid cause of liberty—listen to the vrice of ber brothers, people of Naples. Few of thy periodical writers have pu:'. lished a just and correct idea of the happy, wise, and umzein, Revolution, that has rendered us worthy of thy sympathy a: friendship. One of them attributes it to party spirit, and aso.. ther has had even the impudence to affirm that our Revolution has been operated by the partisans of our late extinct foreign despot, as if there could be any of this stamp amongst us in suf ficient number to influence tae spontaneous will of the whole nation. These ultra writers, while they are unjust towards us, take from thee a portion of that glory which belongs exclusivel! to thy nation; for to thee we are prot4 to acknowledge tli:t we owe, and ere long all Europe will likewise be indebted t.l thee for, the inestimable advantages resulting from a Cdt.stit...- tional Government. " Thou wert the first to give the example by die patriotic exertions of thy forefathers, who, by hard fighting, and after tk,: most sesere struggles, finally established political and individ:-.1 liberty ; and ever since,' for nearly the term -of two crate:h., thou hast practically demonstrated to the world the advanta,:e inherent in a free and representative form of Governrneut.— Finally, by thy virtue and heroic constancy. thou bast liberated Europe from that colossal despot, whose diabolical designs wer! the more terrible inasmuch as his means for executing them were always adequate to his vast undertakings. Consequently, without thee, the world must inevitably have been involved in the most despotic slavery. Hence eternal thanks are due :o thee, 0 generous nation! and thanks which every day increase In our hearts, now that we are become free, and that we 5h. , 11 be able to enjoy its salutary effects. Glory, moreover, to all t`te Heroes of Materloo, where, by the consummate skill of thy great Captain, together with the courage and discipline of his Army, the Liberty of Europe was finally and permanently Wilt thou, or rather will those thy periodical writers, who, from sinister motives, or perhaps from precipitate and erroneous information, have fallen into such glaring and illiberal errors, still continue to discredit the glorious work performed by u:, which we consider has entitled our nation to thy esteem—worthy by our unanimous concord and moderation, to be an exann , le evert to others? Will they continue obstinate, by attributing us wicked designs, secret views militating against the genir.tl prosperity of the different European States, or contrary to the conservation of the legitimate dynasties actually at the head of the legitimate Governments of Europe? " Will they declaim against our heroic army, who on no other occasion were ever more faithful to the oath they had contracted on their colours—Pro Regeet Or, in fine, will they ccn fwand brigands with soldiers? " The dynasty of the Bourbons is dear to us ; we love the son, as likewise the grandson, of Charles 111. It is to him tat we are indebted for having been considered as a nation amongst the European-fowers. it is, therefore, a pleasing sensation . . vs to see eur•happy regeneration accomplished during the rtign of the son of that great Monarch. Our most ardent and sincere wishes are for his felicity ; and our most ardent desire is to have him for our independent King, subject only to the laws of our country, which, from his natural propensity, he has always been: but not, as hitherto, a subject to his intriguing and perverse Mi nisters. His liberty and our liberty is the same thing ; and we are determined to support one and the other, at the cost of every thing that is dear to us. " Magnanimous Nation ! to whom Europe is indebted for its liberation from tyranny—that has abolished the most inhuman traffic in our fellow-creatures—that has spilt the blood and 'pert the treasures of its own subjects, to force the African Powers to respect the laws of civilized nations, and for which, from oar locanituation, we are under the greatest obligations! 0 ! Na tion eminently free, can these thy aforesaid periodical writers induce thee to despise and reject our natural rights ? or will it be necessary for us to demonstrate in our regeneration thy particular advantages, in order to induce thee to approve and applaud our success? No ! such venal and interested principles can never be cherished by the majority of the British Empire; it would be indirectly condemning the glorious exertions of thy ancestors. " Our country is rich and fertile from nature ; thy people are commercial, industrious, and manufacturers; hence an open and vast field for a mutually advantageous intercourse between ovr respective countries, by exchanging the produce of one against the manufactures of the other. Absolute Governments are ge nerally ruled by ignorant and perverse Ministers, as the King is always obliged to nominate them out of his courtiers or their adherents. Obstacles invented by them, as well as others pre viously existing, which they do not remove, render the civili zation of the country stationary, and prevent the natural increase of population; hence our country which, in former times, has contained twelve millions of inhabitants, at present only contaias about five millions. " Wise administration, spontaneous exertions of the peopir, and free national concord, will, in the course of time, render to this fine fertile country its pristine state of prosperity. " We, rich in the produce of our lands, shall by these nears be able to pay a greater tribute to thy industry, which, urited with thy ingenuity and art, deservedly bestows on thee the fir:: place amongst the commercial nations of the world; while, to thy still greater honour, a number of thy philanthropic subject:, actuated by the most virtuous and disinterested motives, are employed, st their own expense, in propagating all over tie world religion, peace, and public instruction. 46 People of Great Britain ! we are anxious above everything to have your approbation of our political regeneration, and to be united with you in eternal friendship.,—Naples, August 25." The Paris Papers of Wednesday arrived this morn ing. Their domestic intelligence is tyiimportant.— Such additional particulars as they contain respect ing the Neapolitan and Portuguese Revolutions, will be found among our details under these respective heads.— Five per Cents. Tuesday, 74 fr. 15 c. _ A French Jourrial congratulates the European pub lic, that the details of the Revolution in Portugal will soon make the English Papers of the highest inte rest, and withdraw them, for a time, from the disgusting particulars of a process which, for the in wrests. of morals and of royalty, ought to have bccu buried in eternal silence !" . , r +-+•~ - -• ...., it ri e cc It ca th th ce ~• .9