Star. — London, England, 1829-11-21 00:00:00

NEUTRALITY AND NON-INTERFERENCE. Such is the title of the pamphlet we alluded to yester day, and to which we claim the particular attention of our readers. It will be for them and the public to decide, whether the extracts we are about to give do not make out an irresistible case, both for the young Queen of Portugal and her persecuted subjects ? Neutrality and Non-interference being the points which the author. professes to examine, he begins with the following quotation from the Duke of WELLING- , TON'S speech in the memorable debate of the 19th of June last:— ' Now (add the Duke) the Noble Lord (Holland) slid, admit ting all this to be true, still this was a most boatible act ; and that by the Law of Nations we had no right to prevent these persoos from landing in the island. Now, be was informed, that by the Law of Nations the fact was otherwise ; and that these persons had violated the Law of Nations by organizing, in this country, an attack against the dominion of a Power with which we were at that very time engaged in a treaty." Adopting the above as a species of text, the author then proceeds— ,. Let us reduce the question to a thesis. If a nation has two governments in two of Its possessions, one de facto, the other de jure ; and a portion of unarmed persons consisting of soldiers and citizens, adherents to the government de jute, seek shelter in a fo reign country which haswithdrawn its Minister from the government de facto, and red:Weed that de jure, has this foreign country any right, under the pretext of neutrality, to oppose the landing of these persons in a possessios which has declared for the government de jure ? Hypothetically, the question is this :.—Could the English go vernment hinder the Portuguese emigrants. then residing in En• stand, from going to, and landing I. the Island of Terceira ? If we prove, that the word neutrality, its meaning, in accordance with what we term the Law of Nations, the rules annexed to it in its observance, have no application in the present hypothesis, it will follow, that the Law of Nations is no support whatever to the opinion of those persons who have attempted to justify the measures adopted, to kinder the Portuguese emigrants from land ing at Terceira. According to the Law of Nations, neutrality Is the state of non eo-operadoo of a power, in regard to two belligerent powers. This is what we may properly call neutrality : this is the meaning attached to it by those authors who wrote upon the Law of Na da:is; and it is under this meaning that the general rules of this law are applied and understood. In the meantime, as there was no other wad to express this negative state of cooperation, some authors said, that a power might be neutral in regard to another, that was divided into parties, that is to say, by assisting neither of the parties. We cannot, however, infer from this expression, that between a nation and a party, there should be the same principles, rules, obligatioos, duties and rights to observe, as betweea nation and nation. There may be some engagements, dudes, to.c. but it does not however follow, that, because there are any, they are all precisely the same as those which exist between nation and nation. It does not follow, then, because there are rules of neutrality be. tweet one nation and another, that these rules should apply to a nation and a party of another nation; and that the non-fulfilment of these engagements should be considered a breach of neutrality. Let us, therefore, transcribe what Vattel says concerning civil war and rebellion, in order to explain these differences. (Book 111. chap. wain. p. 103) " L'usage affects le terse guerre civil, a toot, pare qui se fait 'sure les membres Cane mime societd poUtique si e'en entre nose pantie de citoyens d'un cod, et le souverain avec crux qui let obeisant, de Ventre ; U souint qua les mccoontens ayent quelque raison de prendre les anises pour quo ee desordre soft append pare citing, non pas rebellion. Cette derider. qualification nest dosage qu' i on soulevenssat contra ranterite legidms destitue de toots mare= de justice." Now we should like to know whether the colingadons of a na den, with regard to a rebellion, are the same as those with regard to a state of civil war in another nation? In case of neutrality, has that nation the same duties to observe, or has it even any to ob serve in the event of dvU war in the other nation? Justice is always, in cases like this, the only criterion of de cidlog. In the event of rebellion, no power has authority to In terfere with that nation which is the prey of Its ravages. It is, however, different with respect to civil war. Let us see what says Vattel. Book 11. chap. iv. section 56. " Maio d le Prince, attaquant les lois fundantentales donne ii son people ,un legithne sujit de lul resister; al la tyrannie doyenne Insupportable souleve la nation ; toots puissance dtrangere est en desk de moult 611 people opprimi, qui Id demands son as sistance." " He says immediately after,— " Qum on people proud avec raison In uses centre on op ream, U n'y aqua justice et generosite a ...murk des braves gens qui defendant tear liberte. Toutes les ids done que les chines den :sent a one guerre dvile, les puissance. etrangfires peuvent &ulster celul de deux tarns, qui kW' pareit fonde en justice. " Cello qui assists un tyrant adieux, retie qui se declare pour um people injuste et rebate, peche sans doute contra son devoir." Portugal and Tercdra are not two belligerent powers; nor can Terceira be galled a rebellious island. They are both one and the same sedan; there are no mutual treaties between them ; nor are there treaties betwixt either of these parties with England or any other power, that might constitute them distinct Ka independent kingdoms, nations, or powers. Therefore, by the simple definition of neutrality, we see that this word and its consequences are not ap plicable to rights or engagements between England and imaginary powers. Consequently, the Law of Nations cannot, according to the meaning attached to it by his Britannic Majesty's Ministers, justify the measure' they adopted, under the pretext of a breach of neutrality, to hinder the Portuguese emigrants from landing at Terceira. • Bet where can we find a code of inter-national law ? Is there a thing of the kind written yet? The Law of Nations is nothing snore than a right established among men by natural reason, erotism defies the Law of Nations,—a law established by the common consent of nations, and thus distinguishes it fropidte Law 01 Nations. Hobbes. however, scarcely makes 'any difference in the names, and expressly says, that their principles are identical. Wolfius hesitates in separating the Law of Nations from the Law Of Nature. What are, then, the dictates of reason in the present state of the question ? What motives can a third person, allege for preventing me from entering my own house? Let us suppose that I claim this house, and dispute the right of possession in a Court of Justice : one of the floors of It is inhabited by my adversary, and the other by my family; who can, under any pretext what ever, binder me from having access to that floor, of which I have fall possession? Let us even suppose that I am residing at a neighbour's house, who will take no part in our contentions in order to get into the floor occupied by my fa• Idly, I speak to another party to buy a ladder from this man where I live, deceiving hint as to the use I intended to make of ft. However, I get out of his house with the ladder : what right has he to follow me and break my legs and ladder, when I have reached my premises, and have the ladder in my area, and against the window of my own floor?• Could my adversary blame • The Portuguese were so near the shores of Terceira, that they bad lowered the beats and were ready to get into them when they were bred at. We read the following in the Ensyclops& Loodinensis, under the word—Law of Nations.—" So also all those parts of the sea which ere near land, may be looked on as lawfully ac =and maintained. as the property and under the dominion of don that is master ()ills. coast. A custom generally acknowledged, extends the authority of the state possessing the coast, to a cannon-shot from the shore, which is understood to be three leagues ; and this distance is the least that a nation ought now tocialas as the =tent of its dominion on the seas ln fact, all &Dee pens of the sea which Du resod the coast, ought to be looked upon as ferwaing a pan of the unitary of time soosysigo who Is mew of the shore." this neighbour because he favoured and received me in his homer Was it his fault if I went from thence Into my own? How is it proved, in this case. that he interferes! in our affairs, and deviated from the neutrality, which be, and nu other power, either physical or moral, had imposed upon him? Where is that moral precept which compelled him to be neutral? His neutrality might be an effect of self will, yet no law. Hi 4 Majesty's Ministers might, if they pleased, agree between themselves to be neutral; yet this agreement cannot be considered as possessing the power of a low sanctioned by the code of the Law of Nations. They cannot re fer to the Law a Nations in cases for which this law does nut po sitively provide, or in cases immediately dependent on self will, and not on any law. The existent law on neutrality, independent of the mere will of any government, refers, properly speaking, to two belligerent nations. As nations they are independent and un c'ontroilable : their rights and engagements are regulated by ex press conventions ; and when there are no conventions, they are guided bj the rules of the Law of Nature. Their mutual Inde pendence, notwithstanding their inequality in forces and riches : ' their treaties with a third nation places the latter in a position de pendent on certain laws and contracts which must be observed. Nothing of this hind, however, exists, properly speaking, be tween a nation divided intossarties and any other nation. In con forming with the principles laid down, I venture to advance the following proposition :—lf a nation that is divided into parties has at the head of one of them, a legitimate sovereign, whose legid inlay has been recognised by another nation, the latter cannot , shrink from assisting him, 'much less remain neutral ; as such neu trality would, in such a case, amount rather to a protection of my adversary than to a negative state of co.operatiou : who; in such circumstances, is not for me, is against me. Let us consult natural reason ; let us consult the basis of all laws, and decide the follow ing case. Suppose I meet a thief in the street, who deprives me of my watch, and soother loan is a witness to the rubbery; I begin to struggle with the thief for the recovery of my watch, ought this man, though he bad never seen me, to remain neutral at such a robbery, and not assist me ? Could this man honourably observe this neutrality without being suspected? Where Is the English man who would not immediately fly to the assistance of the help less and injured, and pursue the aggressor ? This practice, daily observed, forms a just eulogiurn on the true Briton ; this spirit of justice that characterises the civilisation of s sople; this observance of a duty that the law of Nature engraves with indelible characters in man's heart, is the only basis of that law of nations, which loudly cries out against a neutrality which, if we consider it well, is nothing but protecting the guilty, and, therefore, cannot be founded on any law, as unjust laws are repugnant to common sense. If there be any man yet, who attempts to maintain that this much talked of neutrality Is founded upon the law of nations : that his Majesty's Ministers could and ought, in compliance with that to order that the unarmed Portuguese emigrants going from England to the dominions of their Q,ueen, should be Bred at and killed, I defy him, whoever he be, to answer, honestly and sin cerely, the following question : Can her Majesty, Donna Maria 11. go, if she pleased, from England to Terceira? If so, why could not her subjects do the same ? If she could not go, where are the laws that forbid her from going ? This knotty point may be cut with a sword, but cannot be an swered with honour and good faith. Even supposing the law of nations had sanctioned such a neutrality, has it been observed without leaning to the Usurper's side? It Is an undeniable fact that the Portuguese, who were fired as on the seas of Terceira, by the *Men of the English Government, were unarmed. They went front there to France, and there they are still unarmed. The ostensible reasons given for such conduct were, that arms were bought and sent to Terceira under false re. presentations ; and; because these arms were sent AM, ought the men to be prevented from going afterwards? The thing is this: consenting to the exportation of arms to Ter ceirs, was a breach of neutrality ; but consenting to' loans being raised In this country foe Don Miguel, (in which he might have succeeded had not his uncle Ferdinand taught a lesson to the Stock Exchange); and consenting to the exportation of rigging, tackle, and other things, without giving to the custom-houses orders to prevent these things from being sent to Portugal, is not a breach of neu trality! What sort of neutrality Is this, that prevented the Por tuguese from going to Portugal, from going to Terceira, and per mined the exportation of two thousand quintals of rigging, tackling. and all other necessaries for fitting out an expedition against that faithful island ? Ts not the hasty recognition of a merely nominal blockade of the Usurper, a breach of neutrality? The Puglia Ambassador bad withdrawn from Lisbon, Dos Miguel had been proclaimed King of Portugal, and his Majesty's vessels in the Tagus as a King saluted him ! Pow much more consistent was the French Go vernment ! When Don Miguel declared Oporto in a state of blockade, the French frigate Themis was sent to force h. When the English forces stationed in the Tagus saluted Miguel. the Thuds followed their example : but what was the result the Commander was recalled from his station and disgraced for his behaviour. Such are the facts and arguments brought forward by the Author, on the pOint of neutrality. We shall in a second notice, cite those which regard the question of non-interference. BUCKMINSTER. PARK.—Lord and Lady HUNTING TOWER and the Misses TALMASII, are expected to con tinue here till the Spring. His Lordship moat benevo lently employs upwards of 300 poor labourers in improv ing roads, &c. who, but for his benevolent consideration, would be reduced to an extremity of distress. LIVERPOOL ' Nov. 19.—We continue to have the same animated demand for Cotton, and the sales to-day. amount to 6,000 bags, at the prices obtained yesterday ; and more would have been taken but higher rates are de manded, which will no doubt be realised. Two officers of Artillery, Captains D— and A—, who'• were dismissed the Army for refusing to salute the Host when passing their Regiments at Malta, have taken Orders, and are now preaching at Guernsey, and other places. It would, in our opinion, be extremely injudicious to estimate the prosperity of the country by any of these quarterly or weekly quotations of the revenue, taken sepa rately. They relate to periods which are too brief and fluctuating for data upon which to form an opinion. We want more convincing evidence of returning prosperity. We want to see the farmer and manufacturer living upon their profits ; the shopkeeper, with a brisk credit and a flourishing trade, enjoying the comforts and even luxuries due to the middle classes ; the husbandman working six days a week, rewarded by wages equal to his industry ; and the artizan amply participating in the blessings of a bountiful Providence and the fruits of honest labour and ingenious exertion. We could then endure the clamourous triumph of the Government press. We do not want to be told of the amount of taxes paid for this or for that quarter or week. In our opinion, it is dis creditable to boast that immense levies have been made upon the people, unless it be first shown that the people could bear them, and had borne them, WITHOUT INJURY AND DISTRESS. When the government Jour nals quoted, the revenue returns for the week ending the 13th inst. they should, by way of contrast, Lave exhibited the increase of bankrupts during the same period. A refer ence to the Gazette might have checked their presumption. The contemplation ofpaasing calamities, might have quelled their empty boastings about the future prospects of the country. But we must expect these attempts to conceal the errors of a disastrous policy.—Sheffield Courant. BRIGHTON, Nov. 19. The Duke and Duchess of St. Albans arrived and took pots session of the house engaged for them in Brunswick-square last night. The Marchioness of Downshire (Borman SaWys) for a short absence, has returned to town, from SUwood House. The Countess of Aldhorough is remaining at the Royal York Hotel. Lord Glenlyon is among the departures from that Hotel. Sir Matthew Tierney, Bart. has received the afflicting intelli gence of the death of Mr. John Tierney, in the 24th year of his agr. lie was a Lieutenant in the 40th regiment of the Bengal Na: ive lefantry, at Mhow, in the East Indies. His death was occasioned, after an illness of about 17 hours, by so attack et spasmodic cholera. he Earl of Cassillis and family, and Sir John Michael Shaw, and family, are arrived In Brunswick-terrace ; Lady H. Hamp:on and family. LAtly Cornwall and family, Mr Mackinnon, M.P. and family, in Bedford-square ; Lord Cowper is arrived in Brunswick square; Lady Beauclerk in Cannon-place; General Williams, in Oriental-place; Mr Ofßey, in ltegency-square ; and Mr. 11. Soames, in Norfolk-square. The arrivals this day include Mrs Vernonand faMily. at Preston Home; and the Dowager lady Inglis and (amity, in Bedford- Rear& The Earl and Countess of Verulam are in the departure list ; Lady Chambers, ditto, for Putney. MELTON MOWBRA Y, No!•. 19. Sir Harry Goodriche's residence has undergone a complete re novation, wider the superintendence of Mr. Neale, architect of this place. The worthy Baronet it joined in his splendid estab li.hment by Mr. Gintreour and Mr. I.yne Steven.. The Earl and Countess of Darlington are staying at Lold W. Poulett's. 'llse Earl and Countess of Lonsdale were ezreved at 'Cones. more yesterday. Col. and Lady Elizabeth Lowther are already arrived. The Earl of Harborough remains at the Cottage in Staplefo d Park, and coasts no society, save that of Mr*. Granby Cakralt, whose mother has been down on a visit of sonic days' continuance. Whatever may be said to the contrary. there is not the most remote chance of this distinguished VOCali.t returning to puhlic life. The list of arrivals include Sir Merry Goodrich-, Mr. Gillmour, Mr. Lyne Stevens. Mr. and Mrs. Peyton, Lord Wm. and Lady C. Fouler', Mr. Codrington, Earl and Countess of Dartmouth. Capt. Gnash im Mr. White, Mr. Masse. Mr. Nlahre, Sir James Mus grave, Lo rd Forester, Mr. Wharton, Mr. Ford, Lord Alvanley and the Hon. Misses Arden, Col. Arden, Mr. Montague. Captain Jenner, Lord Apaley, the Messrs. I/izon ' Mr. Burton, the Factor Harborough.—Sir F. Borden and the Ea rls of Plymouth and Wil ton see expected in the course of the week. THE ARMY. The Colonelcy of the Ist (Royal) regiment of Dragons has be come vacant by the death of General Thomas Garth. A detachment belonging to the 12th (Fast Suffolk) regiment of Foot. arrived in toast on Thursday from Chatham, on route to Templemore. A detachment belonging to the 81st re latent of Infantry arrived in town on Thursday from Chatham, on route to Jersey. STAFF OF SCOTLAND. General Officer Commanding, Major-Gen. the Hon. Sir R. W. O'Callaghan K.C.B. nation, Edinburgb.—Aid.de Camp to ditto, Lieut. the don. A. F. Cathcart, 9th Foot. Major of Prigade, lit. Major Lindsay, h. p. A'sistant Adjutant-Gen.ral, Major Lord R. Kerr, h.p. Staff Adjutant, Lieut. Nunn. Assistant Quarter- Master General, Major H. G. Brooke. The late General Thomas Garth, whine death was recorded in our paper of yesterday, entered the Army on the 12th of August, 1762, as a Cornet in the Ist Dragoons. He served in the cam• paign of 1762, in .Germany, In the Allied Army under the corn ' mend of his Serene Highness Prince Ferdinand. In 1765 be ob tained a Lieutenancy, and in 1775 he was appointed Captain in his Regiment. In 1779 he exchanged into the 20th Light Dragoons, and went to the West Indies in the intended expedition to the Spanish Main, which failed, having been anticipated by Lieut. General Sir J. bailing, Lieut. Governor of Jamaica. In 1792 he returned to this country, and was reduced to half-pay with other Officers of the 90th Light Dragoons. In the same year he obtained the Majority of the 2d Dragoon Guards; and in 1794 he was appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the ht Dragoons. and served in the campaign of that year in Flanders. He was present at the greater part of the actions from the 17th of April, 1794, to the close of the campaign. He was next appointed Co lonel of the Some Fencibles, and afterwards. on the death of Lord Fielding, to the late 22d Light Dragoons. raised by Earl Sheffield. On the 7th of January,lBol, be was appointed Colonel of his late Regiment, the Ist Dragoons. He received the rank of Major-General, January 1, 1798. that of lieutenant-General in 1905, and that of General the 4th June, 1814. It is not. we believe, generally known, that the Army half-pay amounts to more than half the charge of our effective Land Forces ...the latter for the present year being A 5226,770, the foulest "967.733. LIMERICK, Nov. 18. The Sylvia transport, with the first division of the 68th Regi. meat from Quebec, arrived at Cork on Monday. Two transports with the tentainder of the Regiment are hourly expected. The Ann, Amelia, and Wellington transports, with the six ser vice companies of the 54th Regiment from Cork, disembarked at Halifax, Nova Scotia, the 18th of October last, and immediately took on board the Ist Battalion of the Rifle Brigade. en way to New Brunswick. On the arrival of the Ist Rifle Brigade at New Brunswick, the 81st Regiment, commanded by Col. Creagb, of this city, will em bark in the same transports for Bermuda, where they relieve the 74th. The 74th Regiment will return to Cork, on being replaced by the ill st at Bermuda, and may be expected before Christmas. The last division of the 65th Regiment sailed from Cork on Mon day, for Batbadoes, in the Amity transport. The 14th Regiment of Light Dragoons, commanded by Colonel Townsend, and Major Dynely's Troop of Artillery, were reviewed at Leeds on Thursday by Major-General Sir Henry 13ouverie, in, presence of a multitude of spectators. The Dragoons and Artillery performed a variety of marketwise in a most superior style, and at the conclusion Sir Henry Bouverle expressed kis marked approba tion of the movements. The detachment of the 66th Regiment, which some time since marched for Manorhamilton, rejoined the depot at Boyle on arrived at Brighton, Tuesday. The division of theist or'l --- - is commanded by Laent -Col. Higginson. Col Trench, one of the Members of the Board of Ordnance, arrived in Mantel on Friday, where he inspected the Barrack mute.' stores, as well as the whole state of the barracks--and espressed much &ablution on finding them in an diets details in a perfect state of order and regularity. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. MAIL% ARRIVID Tins MT.—Dublin I—Waterford I. • The Providence, Miller, from Newcastle. was On shore on Corton Sand yesterday, but expected to be got of DEAL Nov. 20.—A thick fog has prevailed all day, with a light breeze from N.W—Arrived the Pomona, Wright, frousGuernsey. Posvessoveu, Nov. 20. —Wind U N.B. Liviraroor., Nov. 19.—Arrived the John Gay, from New York. WHITINAVIDI, Nov. Hr.—Arrived the Quebec Packet, Carr, from Hamburgh. Nov. IL—Arrived the William, Robinson; EllergUlo, Corbett; and Amazon, Broderick, from St. Petersburgh. Also, 'passed by, the Mary, Gill, from New York. , Pt MOUSY, Nov. I9.—Wind IL—Arrived the Anacreon, New ton, from Archangel, and Silson, Rayless, from Memel. Flimsy:N. Nov. 19.—Wind S.B. to N.—Arrived the Cris mare, from Sumatra, and Ebenezer, from Gibraltar. Sailed the Ann, Netting, for Hamburgh. CLTDII, Nov. IL—Arrived the Gleaner, Harrison, from New foundland. Ditaxmorrn, Nov. 20.—Off the port, the Alice, Powditch, from Sincapore. Coss, Nov. It —Arrived the Eagle, Batty, from the Cape of Good Hope, and Napariva, Anderson, from Quebec. BELvont, Nov. 19.—His Grace the Duke of RUT LAND slept, on his way from town on Monday night, at the inn at Greetham, and proceeded next morning to the favourite covert, Herring's-gorse, where a most brilliant field of sportsmen had assembled to welcome his Grace on this his first day's hunting in Leicestershire. After an ex cellent day's sport, the Duke proceeded to the Castle, where he dined with a family circle. To-day, the Duke has been shooting over the well-stocked manors of &hely Heath and Croxton. GRINSMORPE CASTLE, NOV. 19....—L0rd al:d Lady Willoughby d'Eresby have' been here some days. Their stay at this princely residence will continue through the winter months, and they contemplate entertaining in succession an extended circle of fashionable visitors, for whose gratification they possess such unlimited research of varied enjoyment. r I I ■ OPENING OF THE NEW FLEET MARKET. Yesterday being the day appointed for the opening of the New Fleet Market, a great number of lathes and gentlemen were early in their attendance to witness the ceremony. They were admitted at the entrance from &otw-cutter•street by tickets. which were tamed by the Cestunon Osumilinen of the Ward. The proprietors of the different shops, of which there are 79. had set them oat in their best style, particularly the butchers, sante of whom had a very tine display of meat • indeed, if such only is intended to be sold in future, no one Deed fear tbat they will purchase any " wet uns." The poulterers' and fishmongers shops were also remarkably well stocked. The fruiterers. whose shops are on the eastern side of the Market, exhibited some fine specimens of fruits,tross which it may be inferred that they mean to compete with the rival market in this commodity—Covent-prden. Each of the tradesmen in their several departments seemed anx ious to outhie his neighbour. aid the appearance of the Mar ket altogether was ex interesting. The Ladies and Gen tlemen promenaded round the he market; but until the atrium of the Lord Mayer, not a stogie Oman dared to put the constantly repeated question of that fraternity—" What d'ye bey t"--and eves a pennyworth of apples was not allowed to he sold. This was frequently complained of by some of the Ladies, who bad waited four howl for the arrival of his Lordship ; but the shop keepers were inesorable, and bot a single apple or pear would they dispose of. At length (about half-past three o'clock) the arrival et' the Lord Mayor was announced ; and, after some confusion in daring away the mob, the procession entered the new Market from the outran= facies the centre of the old one in the following ordet :—Police Aiken two a-brea-t, the City Marshalmen, the Commas Osenellmen of that and the adjoining Ward, the Shttiffs and Under-Sheriffs. the Towu Clerk, Sword Bearer, Water Deihl; and last the Lord Mayor, atten ed by his Chaplain, followed by the Common Council, Ike. The procession went round the Market in the above order, his Lordship being re peatedly cheered as he passed--the various shopkeepers standing at their Mao' s and bowing as he passed. The processiou slowly moved through the dense ma's of persons to the entry in Stonecutter-street, where the opening of the Musket was proclaimed with the usual tormalities. The great gates were then thrown open, and several waggons ladeti with vegetables, each drawn by three grey horses, deearated with blue ribbons, entered amidst the bred cheers of the ase.nih'ed multitude, which by this time anisivotAl to nearly 2.000. The business of the .Market immediately commenced, and the scene that ensued was extremely animated. One timelier, in addoi•ut to a fine display of meat, exhibited the alluring placard " Families supplied burr st 5i per pound." ilis Lordship retired amidst the cheers of the populace. The dimensions of the M aket are as follow :—Length of the Building, DM feet; breadth, 246 feet ; height, 41 feet ; width of each wing. 48 feet; length of opening, 232 feet ; 4111 i 01 ditzo, 150 feet. THE WEATHER-GREAT FOG. Till Wednesday night the weather continued uncom monly mild ; there were few of the usual prognostications of winter; but Thursday morning di-played the houses, even in the bean of the metropolis, covered with white frost. Another proof uE wioter's approach was, that carte were seen at the doors of all the leading pastrycooks and confectinuers, depositing in their -- veral cellars the slight takes of ice produ ced by Wednesday night and Thursday morning's frog, in the helds about Kensingto , Hammersmith, Shepherd's Hush, Turnkam Green Common, &c Yesterday morning showed that a much severer frost bad charac terised the preceding night. Not only were sU the pond. covered with good thick ice, but the fronts of the houses, and the roofs, even in the warmest parts of Westminster, were covered u i b a thick and beautifully white hoar frost, and which continued through. out the day undisturbed and unmitigated, notwithstanding the cheerful appearance of the tun io the afternoon. The morellos, hoe ever, was ushered in with very thick fog, which h:so con tinued during the day with little diminutlun. The traveling hi the streets in carriages or chaise.. especially where th horses did not happen to have been " rough" shod, was rendered very dangerous. At the great Macadamised open apace at Charing Cross, and fronting the Treasury, leading to Parliament-street, and the Houses of Lords and Commons, many serious accidents happened; such as the falling of bones drawing coaches, gigs. taxed carts, &c. ; many shafts being broken by the slip ping down of the horses ; and many individuals being rasher unceremoniously thrown into the roads. As the eve ning approached, bad became worse by the great increase of the fog. At five o'clock it was so dente that in the Strand, at Charing-cross, and the great, open, and much frequented tho roughfare, leading from Charing-crass to Westminster-budge. dt • gas lamps on one side of the street could hardly be seen at the other. The fog was Dearly as thick there as ii was about fourteen or fifteen years ago, when the coaches were obliged to be guided by torch or link-bearers. As early as live o'clock so powerful bad the fog become, many chaises and coaches ran against the paling which partially projects In front of the 13anquetting House, facing the Horse Guards, now undergoing moat ezemplaryand tasteful repairs; and afterwards parties were xationed at such railings to watch the progress of carriages, having constantly to call out " keep to the right," or "take care of the palings." The coaches, &c. travelling along the Strand, and elsewhere, were obliged not only in the evening, but during the day, to proceed at a it ry slow pace. At night they earns in contact almost as often as vehicles met, only no serious injuries were billeted because the parties were going at such slow rates. All admitted that the proverbial character of a November day and evening has seldom been more completely realised. During the day t h e ice carts were Lin more actively engaged. - _e E. R. Potermaw, Esq. M.P. has given an order for 650 yards of woollen goods, for charitable purposes, to be made entirely of British wool. In a map of Plymouth, nearly two centuries old, ships are represented as lying at anchor where the ,ground is now covered with elegant buildings. There is a project on foot at Paris of forming st ceme tery after the manner of the ancient pyramids, capable of containing 5,000,000 bodies. Ox Dirs.—Rumour w;th her hundred tongues has put forth a multitude of o,t dits, the veracity of which it would perhaps be difficult to detfrriine ;—from these we select the following for the emus: meld of our readers, without in any manner vouching ft.r their truth :—The Rev. W. C. Hunt, Vicar vf Bickleigh, is said to be a candidate, with every prospect et soccer*, through the influence of the Borough, for the vacant benefice of Tamerton. The Action respecting the right of Aldermen, is to come on at the Spring Assizes at Exeter. The Pay Offices of the Nary and Marines are to be consolidated. The Ships in Ordinary are to be placed under the old regulations, namely—ander the blaster Attendants of ' the Dock-yard. The Watering Establishment at Staddun Point to be oudenthe charge of the Harbour Master, Mr. Turner, of this port. 'The Breakwater to be finished by contract, but a Superintendent is to be e?pciated by Cio vernment at a salary of £3OO per annum. A number of cutters to be employed along the coast for the prevention of smuggling, and the coastguard blockade stations to be abolished... Should these alterations take place, it is ex pected a saving of £lO,OOO a year will be eifeeted.- : - Plymouth Journal. Wednesday night, between seven and tight O'clock, an extraordinary and serious accident occurred at Meseta. Hill's carpet warehouse, High Holborn. A groom, in the service of Earl, Esq. a banister, residing in the Temple, was driving hie master's horse and gig along Red jinn-street, warm the iiorse suddenly became un manageable, aad dashing across Holborn, leaped trough the extensive shop-window of Messrs. Hill, which was composed of plate-glass, of very lerge dimensions, dashing . the frames ; gas-lights, and every other article that impeded his progress, to atones. The grnoto was seriously' cut about his head and arms, and otherwise much injured ; the horse was cut to pieces with the glass, and it was tidies home in a most deplorable stars. The damage done to the shop-front is to 'ho amount of upwards of 80/. The gig um brolmu to pieces by the hems kicking; for tunately person sustained any injury but the groom. DIED—At ten o'clock lMt &gilt, at his apartments, Lower Ranebigh-street, Pimlico, 3ouN DA V I DSON F-Ny. Superintending Clerk in the Office of this establishment. Few persons have led a more blameless and exemplary life than this amiable young man, who possessed in a high degree the confidence and even affection of his em ployers—and he merited them. He fell a victim to the ravages of small-pox, in the 24th year of his age. ~~