Star. — London, England, 1826-12-12 00:00:00

DUKE OF YORK'S RESIDENCE. The completion of the interior of this mansion is rapidly drawing to a close, as there have been between t h re e and four hundred men employed upon it for some t i me past. The suite of private apartments for the Royal Duke are expected to be finished in about a month, and ready for the occupation of his Royal Highness by the latter end of February, or the begin- ning of March. Most of the cornices and plaster orna ments have already been fixed. The grand hall and staircase, it is said, will be the largest in England ; the walls of the hall are to be covered with scagliola, and the stairs are to be of marble. The dimensions of the state dining-room are seventy-five feet by thirty-five feet. The length of the picture gallery is upwards of one hundred and twenty feet. The avenues, &c. leading to the kitchen and other offices on the basement story are so wide, and so extremely well contrived for the admission of light, that there will be very little occasion for limps. Gas lights have been introduced into the lower apartments of the house, fur the men to work by. This edifice, when completed, will rank with the handsomest buildings in this country, particularly as regards its interior. ROYAL ACADEMY. Yesterday evening the dtribution of premiums for the intermediate year took place at the Royal Academy, when sayer medals were awarded to the following students: To Mr. Goblet, for a copy in oil after Leonard* da Vinci. To Mr. Green, for a copy after the same. To Mr. Say, for a.drawing from the living moleL To Mr. Panormo, for a model from the same. •To Mr. Grellier, for an architectural drawing. To Mr. Milliken, for a drawing from the antique. To Mr. Weeks, for a model from the same. The President (Sir T. LAWRICNC6) having delivered the foregoing premiums, offered a few admonitory ob servations to the students. In addressing himself to the students of the Life Academy, he warned them to be v.are of contracting too showy and loose a style of execution, which served rather as a cloak for ignorance than a display tf knowledge in the human figure. He d,ew a comparison between this style and that termed the fi irid in writing. In looking back to the days of past excellence, there was no attempt to catch the atten tion by glittering execution to be found in the works of the great masters in the att. They were impelled for: ward in the pursuit of one all-important object, too in• tensely to allow them to dwell on the minutia of style. In the Royal Academy, the students had an opporth nil of acquiring the valuable knowledge which would lead them to excellence in their art, and they might even depend on being rewarded in proportion to the merit they displayed. The President directing himself to the students in the antique school, blamed them for indulging in an error of a contrary' description, which consisted in too exclusive an attention to finess of finish and relief' The consequence of this habit was the loss of general proportion and character, a deficiency which could not be too sever i ty condemned; for in proportion was centred the very essence of character. It was that which stamped the difference between the demi god, the hero, and the serf. The President adverting to the copies made in oil from Leonardo da Vinci, spoke in terms of high praise of the successful candidates in that department. Their performances had given great sa tisraction to the Directors of the Academy, and were considered as affording a promise of future excellence. The President concluded by pronouncing an eloquent etilogium on fie late professor or sculpture in the insti tution (Nlr. Flaxman), whose death he considered a diminution, not only of the power, but of the dignity, of the Royal Academy. We are happy to state, that Lord FORTISCUE is reco vered from his late indisposition. Captain Sir JAMES ALEXANDER GORDON, K.C.B. is appointed to be Resident Commissioner of the Victualling Board at Plymouth, and Governor of the Royal Naval Hospital at that port, in the room of Commissioner Casein, deceased. Major ROWAN, the Commissioner on African Affairs, may be daily expected in England. Ile has visited all the Settle ments on the coast, and most of the Islands, together with that of Fernando Po, preparatory, it is supposed, to some more convenient or central place being fixed on for the mixed Commission Court, and other matters of interest connected with the Coast which will, in all probability, occupy the attention of the new Par liament. It is some years since the money receipts at each of the Winter Theatres were so large as on the recent visits of the Kum. Drury-Lane alone received nearly nice hundred ad twenty pounds. The two Winter Theatres continue to increase in the number of their visitors, especially since they were visited by his MAjarry. The Christmas Pantomimes at each house are nearly ready, and the Proprietors are striving to excel each other in the expense of their scenery, tricks, anti decorations. Yesterday morning, about a quarter before nine o'clock, as a man was driving a large ox from Smith field Market, the animal darted through a narrow pas sage called Frolier's-court, into a small house, and imp mediately proceeded up stairs to the third and top floor= and as the inmates were fortunately "not at home," be with some difficulty retraced his steps to the second floor, where he encountered a couple of cobblers, seated at their work. The noise of what was going forward soon spread like ""wild-fire," when a posse of butchers, armed with knives, axes, and other deadly weapons, quickly repaired to the scene of action, where, after a little contention on both sides, the eictualkra ' contrived to cut the ox's hamstrings, and thus disabled dragged him down to the passage, where he was soon dispatched. MELANCHOLY CATASTROPHIL.—OR Monday evening. four females went on board a sloop in the Float, with three sailors, and were treated witk liquor, until the whole patty were intoxicated. Three of the women re tired, leaving the fourth fast asleep, with a candle burning near her. After a lapse of some time, they were alarmed with violent screams, and saw the poor woman who had been left fast asleep rushing up to the deck in a complete blazes and, before any assistance could reach her, her clothes were entirely consumed, and the wretched creature burnt in a most horrible manner. From the waist upwards the whole was a complete cinder, and in this condition, about four o'clock nn Tuesday afternoon, she was taken to the Infirmary. —ln the midst of her dreadful state of suffering, she did not lose her recollection for a moment ; and when leer companions went to ask her forgiveness, she was iril difficulty prevailed upon to grant it, expressing a glee deal of resentment at their conduct in decoying Ler aboard, and their leaving her exposed to such an accident. In this horrible state of suffering she conti nued until ten o'clock on Friday morning, when death put a period to her misery. On Saturday an Inquest was held, and a verdict of " Accidental Death" re turned.—Bristol Mercury, Dec. 11. A very extraordinary investigation, it is said, took place before the Magistrates on Saturday, respecting a highway robbery preferred against a respectable trades man in tins City. There were strong grounds for at once committing him; but at the earnest solicitations of his friends, he was remanded, to give them an opportu nity of procuring a girl, with whom he alleges he was in company at the time be is charged with the robbery. 16id. THE ARMY. The Ist Diisioit olds 114th (York and Lancaster) Resistant of Foot, embarked on the 4th instant on board tke Jupiter transport, at Cork, for Jamaica. _ _ _ The fast Divisiou of the 44d (Cheshire) Regiment of Infantry, embarked on the itd instant, on board the Arab transport, at Cork, for Jamaica. The 50th (West Kent), and 924 (Highland) Regiments of Feet, rpat stationed at Jamaica, have received orders, en being relieved bßegiments ye a ltn i s i td ' have been ordered to Carlingford Bay, for the con veyance Detachments belonging to the Stith, 50th, and 77th Re giments of Foot to Jamaica. The 69th (South Lincolnshire) Reginient of Infantry arrived yesterday, at Portaasoutbarom the Isle of Wight. The Depot of the list (Royal North British Fuzilsers) have re ceived orders to proceed from Portsmouth for the Isle of Wight. NAVAL IN fELLIGENCE. Rumor's. Dm. 10.—Wind &W.—Arrived off the port. the Ceres, Li HEQUIT, from Honduras; and the Louisa, Coos, from London to the South Seas, Portugal/re, Doc. 11.—Wind &W.—Arrived the Pusey Hall. from London to St. Lucia; and Magnet, WATKINS, from London to the Cape. Dec. 11.—Wind S.W. to W.—The outward bound re main. A brig, bound to the westward, is hove to off the South Foreland, bating lost an anchor and cable under Dungeness, re. ported to belong to Yarmouth. G RATESIND, Dec.. 10 and 11.—Arrived the Fortitude Increased, ALLISON. from St. Petersburgh ; Lark, SIMALLSIOOK Stag, ELLA a; and Fancy, Tree, from Seville; Dewdrop, NOWS, from St. Pe tersburgh ; Camilla, Tim!, and Samuel, BUROILSS, from Lisbon; Jane, Hmozwou.; Lotus, Bowes; and Hymen, F.oouraros, from Quebec; Providence, RADAISS. from Santander; Rapid, Weimar, from New York; Friendship, Ex.son, from Seville; Industry, WATT, from St. John's (N.B) ; Orion, Moose, and William and Henry, TA Rumba', from Jamaica; Mulgrave Castle, Jsrrsaeops, from St. Petersburgh ; Stunshall. ROBINSON, from Virginia; Re covery, Hasue, from Nova Scotia; and the Thirza, Rouses, from Bremen. &died the Kezia, 1111ODSLL, for Vera Cruz. BRAUXARIS, Doc. 10.—Wind &R.—The Vittoria, Lams, for Malta, has undergone the necessary repairs, and will sail this evening. The Mary ,Vyss, has been got off the rocks at Pension, and brought into the harbour—cargo discharged, and the vessel much damaged. FATAL SHIPWRECK. Saturday, during a tremendous gale from the N.W. the brig Lord Dupplin, of Torquay, Rowe, master, from Newport, for London, laden with iron, after having declined the assistance of a pilot, was driven on the dangerous shoal called Dunbar Sands, near the mouth of Padstosv Harbour, where the waves broke violently over her. As soon as the accident was observed, a pilf t boat with four men on board put off to the assistance of the crew. On getting alongside, one of the four men got on board the vessel, but the boat, with the other three persons, was driven from its position, and forced amongst the breakers, where it upset, when the three real, two of whom were father and son, were drowned. The names of these unfortunate persons are, Henry and James Trebilcock, and Richard Chapman. Soon after the loss of the boat, another pilot boat got alongside the wreck, and some of the boat's crew got, on board ; but as the vessel was going to pieces, and it being evident that all attempts to save her would be useless, they with the crew of the vessel, being in all ten men and a boy, got into the boat, and made for the shore. The cliffs were covered with people from the neighbour. hood, who could clearly see the vessel breaking up, and who beheld the boat contending with a tremendous sea;' when within a short distance of the shore, the boat upset, and the relatives and friends of the adventurous pilots who had so bravely hazarded their lives for the preservation of their fellow creatures, uttered the most piercing shrieks. Immediately, several boats put-off, at all hazards, to attempt the rescue of the unfortunate persons, some of whom were seen clinging to the keel of the overturned boat; others, to oars, and others endeavouring to swim, whilst the spectators in the utmost anxispy watched the approach of the adventurous persons who, in imminent peril of their lives, hastened to the relief of the almost drowning strugglers. Most providentially, their efforts were successful, and the whole of the ten persons who were in the boat when it upset, were saved. The vessel went to pieces imme diately after the last boat left her, and, with her cargo, • is totally lost.—West Briton. A labouring man of Stonehouse underebok last week, for a trifling wager, to. devour a boiled leg of mutton, weighing 91b. and to drink a gran of cider during the mastication. The cormorant was, however, obliged to give in before he had demolished the sixth pound. A Civil, Ixsur.T.—•" What is the reason," said a very plain Lady to a very pretty one, " that I cannot dress my hair so becomingly as yours, though I try all possible ways r 'Tis easily explained," replied the proud beauty; "don't you see that I adjusted my cutls to the form of my countenance; whilst yours always turn away from the face, which is very ugly." In the venerable Cathedral of Auxerre, the Festival of Fools was celebrated till the year 1407, and it was not until the year 1538 that the custom of playing at ball, in the nave of it, was finally abolished. The musical instrument called the serpent was invented in 1590, for the use of the Church, by one of its Canons, named Eam4 Guillaume. It is generally admitted in religious processions, or where mass is performed in France, and is now introduced in England, to great advantage, in some of our best military bands. . One of the greatest matches (against time) perhaps ever known was performed yesterday morning, under the following circumstances :—Mr. Bullock, a Gentle man of fortune, undertook for a wager of 250 sove reigns, to ride 11 horses ninety miles in five hours ; to start from St. James's Chapel, Kilburn Lodge, Ware, &c. to the foot of the hill, or rise near Padbury, Bucks, about fifty-three miles, and thirty-seven back. The equestrian rode llst. 41b. and had trained for the match, which was a sporting one. Betting was 6t04 on time, with plenty of takers, as the morning was favourable, and the roads, from the weather, rather loose. The match was won easy, in four hours and 48 minutes, and the Gentleman who rode was not much fatigued. A curious battle was fought at Buckingham, a few days since. A young man of the town, of the name of Watts, was born a cripple, his joints below the knees being perfectly useless ; but nature has, in some re spect, recompensed him for this defect, by giving him great strength and activity in the use of his arms and hands, upon which and his knees he goes—he is a most expert swimmer. and with the assistance of a donkey, frequents the different public houses, and has never any objection to join in a spree. At one of these, a man of the name of Pead, a carpenter, and an acknowledged good boxer, and this cripple, quarrelled, and ;diet much abuse on either side, agreed to fight, the latter to be placed on his knees in a chair, and Pead to come at him as he pleased. Watts, notwithstanding, gave his anta gonist a complete drubbing, knocked him down every time he had the temerity to come within his reach, and " finished him in style," to the great satisfaction of man) spectators. OLD BAILEY-s-Tins DAY. John Cooper and 'Thomas Newland, were indicted for stealing 123 prints, value 101. the property of Alleric Alexander Watts, Esq. and Henry Bateman Jenkins, and Joseph John Jenkins (brothers), were in dicted for receiving the same, knowing them to be stolen. The prosecutor is the Proprietor of the Literary Souvenir. The prisoners Cooper and Newland had been in his service. On the morning of the Ist inst. having some suspicion, be sent for a constable, and in terrogated the prisoner; respecting the prints, which were proof impressions, and very valuable. One of them said that they had disposed of the property to the twe Jenkins's. He afterwards went to Jenkins's shop, in Bear street, Leicester-square, and they, without hesita tion, produced thirty or forty of the prints in question, and said they had bought them of a servant in livery, which turned out to be the prisoner Cooper, and they had no reason to believe that they were stolen; they then produced another quantity of them. Mr. AtAre cross-examined the witness. The RECORDIIR said, that from the evidence there could be no reason to believe that the Jenkins's had the least guilty knowledge ; they had acted fairly, and must be acquhted: they were immediately discharged from the dock. . Mr. C. PHILLIPS then proceeded with the case against the other two prisoners; from the evidence it appeared, that the prisoners had _carried on their de predations to a great extent, and had sold ' , the prints of the " Literary Souvenir," and also the Illustrations of ars edition of Lord Byron's work, to various persons, Alleging that their master had given his servants a set each of the prints. The watchman on the beat saw the two prisoners and another,:man go into Mr. Watts's house , about one o'clock in the morning; but never told Mr. Watts of it until le spoke to him. The Awaiting said. he might no longer to be a watchman, and most certainly should net have his expenses. The Jury found both prisoners guilty, and sentenced them to be transported for seven years. Yesterday Thomas Lilley was indicted for intermar rying with MAriA Haste, on the Sd August, of the pre sent year, his first wife, Eliza Matthews,, being still alive Frances Smith stated, that she was sister to Eliza Matthews. She was present when she was married to the prisoner, in the New Church, Paddington, and wit nessed the registry. The marriage register was here produced, from which it appeared that the marriage was so'ernnized on the 25th July last. Maria Haste ' examined by Mr. -ADOLPHUS: She was married to the prisoner on the 3d of August, at St. Anne's Church. Mr. Sergeant Allem asked the prisoner if he wished to put any questions to the witnesses ? The prisoner declined saying anything in his defence, and the Jury immediately found him Guilty. Michael Sullivan, who stands charged with malici ously stabbing Thomas Evans, with intent to murder him, was placed at the bar to plead to the indictment. It was satisfactorily proved by Mr. Wontner, the Go vernor of Newgate, and Mr. Box, the son of the Surgeon of the same place, that the prisoner bad been so very deaf since his committal, in consequence of some in jury he had received in his head, as to be totally bereft of the sense of hearing. He was remanded till next Session. Another Michael Sullivan was placed at the bar, and pleaded Not Guilty to an indictment charging him with stealing in the dwelling-house of Mr. John Taylor, of . St. Paul's, Shadwell, property value 41. The evidence did not bring the charge home to the prisoner, and he was, under the direction of-the Judge—Acquitted. John Smith was indicted for stealing, on the 3d of November, a trunk containing two coats and divers other articles of wearing apparel, value 101. the pro perty of Frederick Charles Birc, Esq. The man was convicted. Mr. Sergeant ARAB'S said, that as the Learned Counsel had stated this was a species -of offence which was seldom detected, it would be well for it to be publicly known, that whenever any person was con victed of robbing from carriages and carts, the offender would be stint out of the country. The prisoner's mother, a decent-looking woman, knelt on the door of the Court, and implored mercy for her son ; but the Learned Jonas told her, that transporta rim would most likely prove the salvation of his life. The unhappy woman was then conducted out of Court. Joseph Williams and Robert Minshull, young men, were convicted of stealing, in the dwelling-house of the Dowager Marchioness of Cornwallis, a top coat, the property of Thomas Nugent, a footman. The prisoners, in the slang of their own, are termed " sneaks." One of them watched in front of the house, while the other entered and stole the coat. Verdict—Guilty of stealing under the value of 40s. Four boys, named Wright, Clarke, Harris, and Wil kinson, neither of them above sixteen years of age, were charged with being concerned with a gang of juvenile robbers, in stealing, in the shop of Mr. Moore, in the, parish of Hackney, a watch and other property. Two of the thieves went into the shop of the prosecutor un der the pretence of making a purchase, and the other two, who had previously been seen in their company, watched on the outside. They were all found Guilty. William Breton was indicted for stealing a box, con taining twenty-five pieces of French cambric, value 451. the property of Messrs. Brovle and Co. The pri soner is a carman occasionally employed in the neigh bourhood of the Custom House ; and, on the day stated in the indictment, was semi to take the box in question from a number of others lying. at the Custom House quay, with which he effected his escape, and was taken into custody on the following day. The Jury found ,him Guilty, and he was sentenced to seven years trans portation. Wm. Tupman stood indicted for stealing, on the 24thl of June, 1825, in the parish of St. George's, Bloomsbury, one Bank note of 2001. one Bank note of 1001. and one Bank note of SOL the property of Jas. Philip Devenish. Mr. M'Dotroat. conducted the prosecution. and Mr. Asusisws the defense. The prosecutor stated that he was formerly an Ensign in the 87th Regiment of Foot ; that in the month of June, 1826, he sold his half-pay for upwards of POI. be gave it into the bands of his wife, who lodged at 22, Bury -street, Bloomsbury, the house of the prisoner. Re-examined by Mr. Amsaaws—His wife and himself are sepa rated, in consequence of her improper conduct. He bad sold his commission for the sole purpose of rescuing her from her unhappy way of life, and was about to send her home to her friends. He himself had opened a shell fish shop in Drury-lane. Elizabeth Devenish received 4001. in notes, and 31. in gold, in June, 1826, at the house of the prisoner, who knew Mr. Devenish had disposed of his commission, and that she was in possession of the money. On the of the same month he came to her apartment. and her it was dangerous to keep so much money in the house where there were so many lodgers. He said he was going by Cuutts's banking-house, and that he would taie it if she liked, and would bring her bask the bank book, She hesitated, but at last gave him the money to be so disposed of. When the prisoner came back he told her that he 4 had placed it in his brother's strong box, where he considered it would be more secure than with her; the next morning he was going into the City, and would place it out to advantage for her in the stocks; she, however required her money back, when he said that his brother had got it safe/ and he 4 would cut his throat if it were lost, on Deverrish's account.' The next day her husband came, when witness told the prisoner she wanted the money directly, as she did not wish her husband to know that she had let the money go out of her possession. He went out. She believed that her husband had since received 1001. had seen a receipt in his handwriting; he took lOW. for the 3501. she could not find the prisoner before, or would have long since preferred a bill of indictment against him. When the prisoner was apprehended, a receipt for 3501. was found on his person, which the prosecutor acknowledged that he had signed on receiving 1001. from him. The receipt was signed in the presence of two respectable persons, who declared that they thought it was a com• pound for a debt. Several persons gave the prisoner a most excellent character for bone , ty and sobriety. Mr. Commox Sammie: having summed up, the Jury, without hesitation, pronounced the prisoner Guilty. Samuel Oakingliam,labourer ; Mary Ann Hance, 16, and Mary Ann Page, both spinsters, were indicted for assau ting a man (unknown) on the King's Highway, Lear B-entford, and robbing him of sixty sovereigns. James Williamson, constable of the parish of Acton, yaw the three prisoners on the night of the 7th of No vember, at the Red Lion public-house ; they were all much intoxicatei ; they had been apprehended on sus picion of a robbery. Witness searched them, and found on the person of the female prisoner Page, two sove reigns and 3s. all very dirty ; on the other woman 51. were found, also muddy, and on the man only 6d.itt silver, and some halfpence, were found. Witness said that he wanted them, as they were accused of a very serious charge, affecting their lives. The women laughed, and said " they would have a holiday for it, at the treadmill." William Lester, tap-boy at the Star and Garter, at Kew Bridge, saw the three prisoners in the tap-room on the 7th November, between six and seven o'clock ; about eight o'clock the same evening, a genteel-looking man came to the door, very much intoxicated, he stopped a short time, and went away towards London; the prisoners followed him about ten minutes after wards. Witness had occasion to go up the road, and overtook the women, one of whom said, " Go it," the meaning of which he (witness) did not understand.— When witness returned, the drunken man was standing in front of the house; he was then very dirty, as if he had.been thrown down on the road ; he had no hat on, and his left breeches pocket was cut; he said that he had been robbed. John Walker, a shoemaker at Brentford, saw a man standing at the corner of Gunnersbury-lane; the women at the bar had hold of him. After witness went on about twenty yards, he looked round, and the man was then lying down in the road, and the prisoner Page stooping over him. Witness thought they were going to rob the man, and, returning back, asked them what they were about? The prisoner (Page) said, he was her husband, and that she was trying to get him home. Witness believing this to be the truth, took no further notice of them, and went away. John Price, gardener to Mr. Matthews, of Kew Bridge, was ordered by his master to take a man to bed, who was at the Red Lion ; did not see him-before; he had no bat on, and his clothes were stained with blood and ditt. Witness took him to bed, and slept with him that night. About five o'clock next morning the man got up, and borrowed a hat of. witness, when he went away. Charles Deare, constable at Kew Bridge, was sent for to the Star and Garter,.where he saw .a well-dressed man in the tap room, who said he had been robbed of sixty sovereigns and his hat—his clothes were full of blood and dirt. Witness pursued the prisoners, and ap prehended them on the load near Kew Bridge. They were all intoxicated. Kr. W. Marshall, of Kew Bridge, confirmed the statement made by the witness Deem This was the whole of the evide - nfefor the prosecution. Though every inquiry has been made for the,individual supposes' to have been robbed, no trace has been obtaintd respecting him. Mr. Baron HULLOCK observed, that although there was evidence of a person having been robbed, and the circumstances were very suspicious with respect to the prisoners, yet as that person did not now come forward, the charge could not be entertained. The prisoners were aequkted, but the Court admonished them to Mks care of themselves in future, as, another time, they might ass be so fortunate as to elude justice from a want of .prosecution. CORONER'S INQUEST. Last evening an Inquest was held in the Fleet Prison, before Mr. SHILTON, on view of the body of John Crane Carruthers, Esq. aged 82, who kad died of apo plezy in that place on Saturday morning last. It was stated before the Jury, that the deceased, who was a Gentleman of highly respectable connexions,bad been a prisoner in the Fleet since January, 1817, in consequence of having been involved in litigation re specting a sum of 5001. in dispute between him and his uncle, a Colonel Smith. His long confinement preyed upon his spirits, and being a man of warm temperament and extremely sensitive, he occasionally laboured under strong excitation of feeling. He had been particularly in that state for two or dues days before his death, and was heard several times to exclaim, “ Good Goa I am Ito remain here for ever and rot ?" On Friday last, between one and two o'clock, while Mr. G. Carruthers, the brother of the deceased, and Dr. Bradley. were on a visit to him in his room, he was seized with a fit, se. companied witb strong convulsions. Mr. Batey, a sur geon, of Fleet-street, happened to be in the prison, and be and Dr. Bradley administered proper remedies, and he recovered. Un the evening of the same day, about eight o'clock, Mr. Jennings, a fellow-prisoner, a surgeon in the Navy, went to the apartment of the deceased to see him, and found him lying on his bed in a state of insensibility, and observed a strong convulsive action of the limbs. Mr. Jennings opened a vein in the arm, and took about eighteen ounces of blood. Other assistance was called ia, and every remedy, was tried, but without effect, and the unfortunate Gentleman expired about four o'clock on Saturday morning. He was quite in sensible the whole of the rime. Mr. Batey and Mr. Jennings both gave it as their opinion that the deceased died of apoplexy brought on by long continued distress of mind. 1 , The Jag returned a verdict that the deceased died of apciplezy: The Half-yearly Meeting of the Hibernian Banking Company was held this day, when it was resolved Sot to nuke any dividend for the present.—Lineriek Chronicle. I , ,