Star. — London, England, 1815-11-11 00:00:00

NUR di; LATE SOIMISAN f KING OP NAPLES. [Coneludtd from the STA' of Thursday.] ' Murder, tho' it bath no tongue, will veil* 44 With most miraculous organ." • After the reduction of Mantua, Bonaparte ordered some divisions of his army to invade the defenceless Papal territory, but upim the unexpected approach of the Archduke Charles towards Italy, with a small, but well-affected and well-disciplined body of troops, tte French Cominalider postponed his intention of di throning the Sovereign Pontiff, whom he obliged, 1 1 :)w,-ver, to sign a litimiliating and ruinous peace. On the 21th of February, Murat was ordered to attack the enemy, strongly fortified near Foy ; wh,•re, after being repulsed twice, and having two horse, killed under him, he finally succeeded ; though he on this occasion had more men killed, than dx number of Austrians whom be combated and vanquished.; but he, like most other Republican Generals, has justly been reprobated for the profu ston with which they squandered away, often urine c;ssarily, the lives of their soldiers. Had he, after bein4 it pulsed once, waited half an how only before hd renewed the assault, according to the last quoted ain4lor, seven hundred Frenchmen less had perished on that day ; as the Austrians were preparing to evacuate their intrenchuients when they were at. {diked a second and third time. Upon the determination of Bonaparte to penetrate i! to Carinthia, many petty skirmishes took place between the advanced posts of the Imperialists, and the French under the Generals Murat, Belliard, and Kellermann, The Archduke, already under the ne cessity of acting on the defensive, in continuing, how ever, to retreat, avoided as much as possible any se rious engagements ; and therefore, in crossing the Tagliamento, cut down the bridges behind him, and threw up intrenchments, which extended from the passes of the mountains to the neighbourhood of Bel grade. In this position the young Prince halted for some days, determined in dispute the passage of that river, which, though naturally impetuous and rapid, might then be forded, the stream heinggreatly in consequence of the severity of the !rust in Cie mouutainons regions. 'raking advantage of this fortunate circumstance, Bcnaparte, on the 16th of March, ordered Mtirat at the head of one division, and Duphoz heading ano ther, to cross the ford, so as to advance against the right of the enemy's intrenchments, while the troops under General Guieux executed the same operation in a different quarter.ai Murat and Duphoz precipi tated themselves nearly at the same time into the Water, and gained the opposite bank, where the French infantry was repeatedly but ineffectually charged by the Austrian horse, whom they received, uithout flinching, on the points of th eir bayonets ; but it was principally to the murderous fire of their artillery, that the Republicans were indebted for this day's victory, as the cannon were stationed so as to shower down such terrible and incessant discharges of grapeshot on the foe, that all opposition soon became ineffectual. The Austrians, however, still presented an undaunted front, fearless of danger and of death. But Murat and Guieux having penetrated to the village of Cainin, where the Archduke had established his head-quarters, they fell into some disorder, and retreated towards tl-e mountains. On the 19th, In pursuit of the tanquistied enemy, Murat distinguished himself again at the passage of Lizonzo, where he had a horse killed under him, acid his clothes pierced with bullets. After the preliminaries of Leoben had been signed, Bonaparte, with his usual treacherous policy, over turned the Republic of Venice, and whilst the defini tive treaty was negociating at Campo Formio, he restintrigued to change this form of Government, and afterwards openly attacked the independent and neutral Republic of the Grisons and of the Valteline. Murat was ordered by him, in September, 1797, to march with a column towards the frontiers of the Valteline, and to settle the differences between these two States. After some previous•plunder and requi sitions, Murat published a declaration, 6 8 That con edering the many wrongs of the Grisons towards their ally, and the unanimous desire of the citizens of the Valteline, this latter country was incorporated with the Cisalpinc Republic." Such, however, was the unanimity, that the very day, September 26, when this impertinent and false declaration appeared, this Republican General ordered twenty-two of the most respectable citizens, who formerly had occupied places as Magistrates, to be tried as cznspirators, by a military commission, for protesting against this union with the Cisalpine Republic, and they were all slot the next day. Such has been the conduct of Frenchmen wherever they penetrated. Of the timid and cowardly they make slaves—of the traitors, friends—the patriots they butcher—the rich they plots generally precede them—tyranny enters with them—ruin and wretchedness remain. behind clam, and the curses or detestation of the good and tte.: virtuous, of the religious, and of the moralists, s t ,iiimpany them both under the triumphal arches to: their graves ! hen the anniitilation of that constitution was de ttrniined upon, which Bonaparte had so often sworn to defend and obey, Murat, in the confidence of hisJ Itlend, received, first, the command over the posts near the Council of Five Hundred; and, when the , Revolution was effected which seated the Usurper Upon the throne of the Bourbons, the command over she Consular Guard. To bind more firmly those bands which united these two worthies, Bonaparte gave him in marriage his sister Caroline Bonaparte, who, in J 797, had been betrothed to General Duphoz, anprdered in an insurrection provoked by Joseph Bo *parte at Rome, on the 27th of December tha't year. What bad become of Murat's former sant•tu lotk wifc is not known for a certainty. In a pan:- phlet • called 4 4 La Sainte Fumille," it is said that he bad been divorced in 1795 ; and in another ram. Wet, LcYff Asa Geittilhortow Francois al' Lleurpateur orsc,' it is reported that she died of hard-drinking. In the spring of 1800 ap army of reserve was col lecting near Dijon, under the command of General Ikrthier, and Murat was appointed one of his Lieu tenant-Generals. After the negligence of General Maas had permitted this army to cross the Alps and to enter Italy, the Austrians were defeated at Monte ello on the lOsh of June s 4414 the 4;e4t day General ..., Murat, whp commanded the advanced guard, sue ceeded in driving them across the Bormida. At the ' battle of Marengo, on the 14th, he led on the ca valry, and, though at the outset completely routed, rallied again; and when the valorous General De 'skit took advantage of the imbecility of the Irnceriatl General, he, with Generals Marmont and Bessieres, pierced the third and last line of the Austrian infan try ; in consequence of which a defeat ensued, and the horse, infantry, and artillery, fled promiscuously towards one of the bridges laid across the Bormida. But such was the undaunted courage of the Impe rialists, deserving to be headed by a more ab le chief, that the rear-guard presented a regular front, though Murat cut many of them to pieces in protecting va lorously the retreat of the main body. On his return to Paris in August, he found the scandalous boasting of his brother-in-law, Lucien, concerning an incestuous intrigue carried on with Madame Murat, the common topic of conversation. Three duels during two months were the conse quence; and had not the First Consul interfered, and fur this and for some other faces, removed Lucien from the Ministry of the Interior, and sent him in disgrace as Ambassador to Spain, Murat would either , have been divorced from his wife, perished himself, or killed his brother-in-law. Twelve months absence of Lucien, and even an apology on his arrival from Madrid, in 1801, did nut produce a reconciliation with Murat, who dial lenged, fought, and wounded him again. To put an end to these family quarrels, Napoleon Bonaparte promoted Murat to the command in chief over the French army in Italy, or, which is the same, made him Viceroy over the Italian and Ligurian Republics, and over the revolutionary kingdom of Etruria. His wife accompanied him ; and when he was afterwards recalled to Paris, Lucien was first sent off to plot at Naples, and afterwards ordered to visit his senatoriee on the Rhine, and to travel in Germany. During Murat's reign in Italy, his manner of liv ing was more expensive and more sumptuous, his re tinue more brilliant, his staff more showy, his palaces more magnificent, and his guards more numerous than those of any lawful European Sovereign, and hardly surpassed by the Corsican Usurper at Paris. He introduced at Milan neatly the same etiquette that prevailed at the Thuilleries and at St. Cloud. Madame Murat had her maids of honour, her routs, her assem blies, her petit and grand entree, her petit soupier:, and her grand circles ; as her husband had his pages, his prefects of palace, his aides de camp, his military re views, his diplomatic audiences, his presentations, his official dinners, his sallies of humour against foreign Ministers, and his smiles of complaisance to his mi nions ; with all the other farrago of the pedantic, in solent, affected, but revolutionary haul ton, introduced by the upstart and foreign tyrant of the French. After Bonapal te's second visit to the army on the coast, where his Admirals at well as his Generals tiied to convince him of the danger, it not the absur dity, of attempting an invasion with his flotilla, which two or three of our small craft kept blocked up; tomccupy the public attention, and to divert the discontent which delay or disappointment must ex cite among his soldiers, who had already been ten months devouring the riches of Great Britain, and regarding her conquest as easy and certain, a plot was necessary to be invented. The treachery of the spy Mehee de la Touche, and the impudence and in discretion of others, unfortunately procured him do cuments enough to cause his French slaves to think it not only probable but certain. If all occurrences during the eventful winter of 1 , 18'.13 are remembered, little doubt remains but that the arrest and disgrace of Moreau, the murder of the Duke of Enghien, and the publication of the preten ded conspiracy in February, 1804., had been deter mined upon by Bonaparte, in December, 1803. In that month Moreau's base enemy, Jourdan, was no minated Commander in Chief in Italy, and his im pertinent and cowardly calumniator, Junot, Com mander in Chief over the Corps d'Elite of the Army of England; Louis Bonaparte received a command in the camp on the coast; Joseph Bonaparte was sent to Brabant, and Murat recalled from Italy to be Governor of Paris, and Commander of the Army of the Interior, with his headquarters at Paris. Murat had then 150,000 livres (26000) per month for appointments, as the Governor of Paris, besides hotels, furnished at the expense of the republic, for himself, his wife, and his Aides de Camp : 30,000 livres (21250) were allowed him for the open table he kept for ofiscers on business, or on leave of absence in the capital. It was in this year, 1804., and as a Military Go vernor of Paris, that Murat furnished the guard which shot the Duke of Enghien. He attended the execu tion in company with Hullin, and a few other wor thies, who have ma as yet landed in Calabria, and personally gave the word of command to the Italian' assassins, who shot a Prince of the Blood Royal of France. The history of Bonaptarte's campaigns since 1804, to the present moment, contains all that is known of the public life of Murat, and must be fresh in every person's memory. With the exception of his career in Spain, which we are about to particularize, Murat's life was that of a mere soldier; and it he had never forgotten that he was a mere soldier, his name would not now have been execrated by posterity. His conduct in Spain is sufficient to make every honest man rejoice that the world is rid of him. It was he who, in the memorable invasion of that coun try, entered the Capital as a friend, and in concert with the French Ambassador, persuaded the King and Royal Family to proceed to Vittoria, to meet their protector the Emperor Napoleon. From Vit. toria they were decoyed to Bayonne, where they were seized, dethroned, and sent prisoners to France. These events were no sooner known in Madrid than the people of Spain were awakened to a suitable feeling against the oppressor of themselves and So. vet rigs. A popular commotion took place, which was followed by one of the most bloody massacres recorded in history—a massacre which will cover the name of Murat with horror to the latest pos terity. Nor did the scene of carnage end with the massacre during the commotion. Marshal Murat was not to be satiated till it was followed up Li , mi litxry execution. In the afternoon lie issued an order to General Grouchy to form a Court Martial, and to have brought before it all the perspns who had been made prisoners in the morning, or who were found in the Fon. lill4 wets act:m acrons *tit any kind of wea dingly dose, and all who were is brought were een-1 dossed to be shot, and sentence was executed without delay. Three bodies, of forty each, were successively shot in the Prado; a great number (to add a blasphe mous outrage to an atrocious murder) were shot in the Church of the Sllidad ; and several other groupes of SO or 40 each were murdered in a similar man ner near the gate of St. Vincent. Here we shall close at present the disgusting scene of this man's enormities—that he possessed animal courage no person can doubt, but that he was a truly brave man no person in his senses will advance. Bonaparte frequently reproached him with his mental imbecility, and in the last act of his lite he gave a proof of the accuracy of his master's judgment. He must have been btrengly infatuated to attempt the recovery of a country which, when his power was at the highest, he could not retain. It he was not able to preserve his crown when Bonaparte so closely engaged the attention of the Allies, how could he expect they would now be so supine as to permit him to recover it ? No man, in short, could die more gezerally unpi. titled than Murat ; he wits liithful to no side ; Bona. parte justly viewed him as a traitor, and the Allies knew that if ho, for a time, appeared to act with them, it was only because he thought theirs the strongest side. A reader of discernment will not fail to conclude with us, that there is something extremely rontatitic in the Biography which we have just given—had Murat been a good actor, he probably would have been a tragedian no where but on the stage : or had Lafayette done his duty as a god soldier, and sent him back as a deserter to his regiment in the Champs Elysees, instead of proinoting him in the NaLional Guards, Murat might have made his exit from life in the field of honour, and precisely in that sphere of life fur which he was fitted by his LAlents. r 1* • • % 1 T, • , • , • INDIA. CALCUTTA GAZE TIE—JUNE 8, 1815. Warlike operations being now happily at an end in the northern provinces recently belonging to Napaul, our present observations must be confined to a silo! t statement of the circumstances which accompanied the surrender of the Goorkha forces in that (latter. In our last paper we mentioned that the 18-poundet s were expected to open on Malown from a short di, tance, on the 10th ult. We now learn that they were got into the battery on the morning of that day.— Their appearance produced the most decisive effect ; for before a shot was tired, Umr Sing sent his s o n Ram Dass to General Ochterlony's tent, which he did not quit until the final adjustment of the terms of capitulation. -On the 13th orders were issuatl for the breaking up of the army, and return of the am munition to the low country. It was understood that the Goorkha Sirdars would commence intme- diately their march to Kuthmandoo, passing througl the northern skirts of the Company's provinces ii their route. Letters of the 18th ult. from before Jytuk, mention that Itnnjour Sing, and his principal Officers and followers, in numbers about 100, had come into Ge neral Martindell's camp at noon of the preceding day, and in conformity with the convention between Umr Sing and General Ochterlony, agreed to give up the tort and its dependencies on the 21. th or 25:h. It was generally believed in camp, that General Martindcll had determined to storm the fort and out-works on the night of the 12th ; and had only desisted from carrying his plan into effect on being informed, by General Ochtcrlony, that Umr Sing was completely in his power. FROM THE GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAOR- DINARY OF JUNE 9. GENERAL ORDERS BY IDS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR GENERA L. l•o•tygher, May 21, 1815. The indefatigable exertions of Major-Gcnerat (hitterlony having at krgth been crowned by the surrender of Unsmer Thappab, with the evaceattott of the fortresses of Malown and Jytuk, and the cession of the whole country from Kumauun to the Sutledge, the Governor-General directs, that a royal salute be fired at all the principal stations of the army, in honour of an event so creditable to the British arms, and se import:nit to the interests of the Honourable Company. [Here fellow detailed Often and troops] FORT WILLIAM, JUNE 9. of the conduct of the The Honourable the Vice-President in Council having received a copy of the ratified Convention concluded between Colonel Nicholls, commanding the British forces in Kumaonn, and the Hon. Edward Gardner, on the part of the British Government, and Chountra Bumsah, and the principal Sirdars of the Government of Napaul, for the evacuation of the province of Kumaoon, is pleased to publish it for general information. TRANSLATION OF A CONVENTION Executed by Lieutenant-Colonel Gardner (authorised for that purpose by the Honourable Edward Gardner and Colonel llkhans, acting on the part of the British Government) on ate side, and by Bumsah Chountra, Chaim°, Busidoree, Kagee, Ungut, and Jusmundun Thappa; fur the Napaul Go vernment. The Rajah's name at the top of the paper—" Girbaun Jodh, Bikram Sah." In the year 1672, Sumbut, on Thursday, the 4th of Bysack, the following Convention hu been written by the Cbountra Bumsah, Kagee Chamoo Bogdan*, Captain Ungut Singh Sir dar, and lusmundun Thappa ; and Lieutenant-Colonel Gardner (on the part of the General, Colonel Nicholls), and the Hon. E. Gardner, acting for the Governor-General; in which the Chountra Bumsah and the Goorkah Birders, on the part of the Rajah of Napaul [Here a space Is left for the Rajab's name, in serted at the top of the paper] agree:— That the fort of Almorab, :and the province of Kamaison, with all its fortified places, shall be evacuated. The garrison with the property (namely, private effects), ammunition (namely, ball, powder, and fiiats, with all muskets sod accoutrements, and 11 guns), shall be allowed te march across the Kali, unmolested, by a convenient road, being supplied with provisions and carrtrrs, who are to be collected and sent to such parts as may be pointed out. The fort of Lalmundi shalt be evacuated this day, and pommies given to the British troops. iL. S.) BUMlAllell seal. IL. 6 The seal of KAGRZ CliA)100 BUNDARItt. (L S. The seal of JUSIIIIINDUN Twat*. (L. S. The seal of Colonel G i utost alt. (Signed) W. 1.. GARDNIIII. RatiEed and confirmed by us this twenty-seventh of April, ISIS, (Sigitedl J. Nicuoccs, Colonel. E. GARDNIII, Yd. (True translation) (Signed) E. GARDNER, 2d. CALCUTTA GAZETTE, JUNE 15, tuts. Our letters from the north-west divisions of the army are chiefly occupied in detailing the interesting ceremonies of the evacuation of Malown and Jytuk, by the two illustrious Goorkha leaders. Umr S'r t had commenced his march to the south-east, aeu would be joined by his son at some intermediate t e p l between ltatnghur 211 d Mahan. The iorm(r was t. corted by a subaltern Officer and a company of t', , :Id battalion 6th Regiment Native Inf antr y. It w.., understood that he wauld likewise be accompaaici t ' ( , Kumacion by Lieutenant Murtay, the Officer in cern, mend of the irregulats. With the exceptions of a. 2d battalion Ist Regiment Native Infantry, and 2, battalion 6th Iteginient Native Infantry, l e f t to gar ' !icon the posts lately surrendered by tie enemy, th t corps composing General Ochterlony's division, had previously to the 20th ult. broken up, and commence their return to their respective cantonments. It i, scarcely to be wondered, that the Officers universally express their joy at the completioa of a serv;ce, ti,:. extreme hardships and privations of wh:cii coulder:t have been repaid by the Li iniaacy of its tetinin.e , ,, A few companies were engaged in wit'ah - awilar t... guns and stores fiorn the position, rey.ratly occupi t ,., by the tra-ps of the division. Fit in the urin, wal d nature of t h e ground, this was au eperatinn of nth: dihiculty. Malown itself is represent..i as bpi na a miserable hole, small and fi.thy ; having only ~ scanty supply of stinking water. Letters of the `22.1 ultimo, from Jytel, sta!p, t '. 2: on the evening of the (...)Ist, Runinur ar. , ::.1.1e.:iew, : : marched out from that fortress wit:t ene gat,, tLiz arms, and private property. I:* n possession Cl I :- fort being taken Ly the troops under General : , I.eti-, dell, immense quantities of ammuaition :on? n, ;; ..;. , were discovered. Several guns of snia.: c .;.?:!' :: 4 : found i,s the outworks. We have alr..ni , ; :A il •' the stockades were much weaker than 1..1 i t -. : . .. viously conjectured from distaut view. T.::: I ni , a place of small dimensions, .and of le t ;, ~ w w strength. It and its out orks ere oc:nia:d !...- two flank companies of his IYlajiisry's ..5.;.1, a.,.1 :,, ..- companies of native troops, under Maki:. Clain., Preparations were making for dragging the ;. down to Nahun; they would probably iLna An a pass on the 2 , ith. The late garrison c , :nsidetedi: extremely lucky in having obtained terms sn tic, ingly favourable, and confessed, that had lies; 1 continued only a few days longer, it trust have i rendered at discretion. Dying of famine, it h...! strength to tight ; and every attempt to fly nur.::i ended in its utter destruction, surrounded as it on all sides with a large force is the UQOII, teat, intercept the Itv,a,itives. The same terms which bad been grante! to Singh and his xll, and to Bum Sah, by C. Nicholls, had been offered to Ba!lktawur at.l deep K tjees, the C,is:s holding Sreenugur an, easierii ?arts of the Gurhwal district. The batt which had b.r.en scattered through Jaunsar awl western division of Gurhwal, tied, been Orden( assemble in the ;Jonah of the Ganges ; and to n to Teree Gitatit on the Bliagrutty, whence it a proceed directly towards S ugur. Major DAL k in was already there with fo napanies and a! 500 irregulars ; and after ival of a man train, proceeding from Nahun, could easily Sreenugur in thiee marches. The detachment w Colonel Carpenter was still encamped in the Di and if or dered to Sreenugur, would have to surm. the Budraj range, and Deoprag, before rear 'reree. No lour-I , yoted animal, ercepting goats, traverse these stupendous mountains. It was be ed, that immediately on the setting in of the r, the various detachments at Eyru, and other a4ta:... places, would leave the low and unhealthy lands , : the Dow, and retire to the forts situated on the sun. traits of the hills i.. Jaunsar and Gurhwal. MADRAS, JUNE 27. Yesterday, at noon, royal salutes were had fr-te the tort and Chepauk palace, in honour of to i.:u cess of the British arms, under Major-General 0.7.• terlony, and of the cession of the province cf Iti maoon to the British authority. The Right Hon. the Governor-General gave a gr the an c d o m m i m lit a a n ry de d r in i n n er ch o i n ef Tu o e n sd h a i y s t r o et h u ia rn E;i r c u e m lieny at c caatinthpe; A a rri ud ee o r n ß ll ang urd , s w a l y lic h h is w E a: c a tl it lzy d g b a y ve a a..l ! ,: alty ci rous circle of the rank and beauty of Mafras. His Majesty's ship Tyne sailed on Sooty : . :t Trincomalee, having on board his Ma . , - !sti.'s N.n I Commissioner of Madras.—The TLittel!,:".Nt ac,na: partied the TINE to get some repairs. FLANDERS MiilL. FRANKFORT, NOVEMBER '2. The Ai:trials Observer of the 27:1t Os-A.-I)er, Fshes the Proces Verbal of the Contert:i:ce of October, which is enough to confirm its Autheutize!, it adds, 44 The labours mentioned in a: titles r. e: Al and Sd are ended, and the Proces Verbal of cc Conferences on this was signed the 16 1). Thus pincipal treaty is now drawing up, and the subsaialf conventions, and may soon be signed." • ' COLOGNE, NOVEMBER 4. ..1 We learn that Prince Blecher's head.quart,ir soon be removed to Aix.la.Chapelle. The Prussian army will be disposed of in fotirl the first pit 30,010 men, commanded by Gt I Kliest, remains in France; the second will ncciip) fortresses ; the third, commanded by Czneral Gm , nau, will be stationed in the new possessions of King, on this side of the Rhine ; t h e foto 01 v:.i stationed behind the Rhine, an d extend its ments to Erfurth. BERLIN, OCTOBER 46. The Provincial States of Prussia have intrea:.::: King to be pleased coon to put in execution Constitution which he promised Ater ihe ,i; is said that Mr. Justus Gruner WAS to prcsen: petition. BRUSSELS, NOVEMLER 1. The two officers belonging to th e staff, whose French Commandant of Chatle itio nt scut to P.inser to iostructions, have returnei to the hit tress with i' to d eliver it up to the Prussian trooo. The French garrison of Chalt mont consists t 1 8 00 men, partly troops of the line, partly nttion a guards. There are either in the place for its deli or in the ars:nal, ‘.:SO piece , of ca nyon, and 310 dance of military stores , a nd ammunition of co! kind. Charlemont will be occupied on the 16thp this month, in the moining, Dy ?lassie) troop un-i. Prince Augustus, whose headluarters arc at PIS Givet. I • LI it It) ht ad ed is Ilv and t , a Y• [L2' t • t:. ZO !iaVc• t.) U.:r. id the illen, 1 tie cd t 3 rery asot.: ;a:ala raec under Dour, ro.ntr.t 'chit; ts,cus- act- e st d •0 • .X. O:. ;ave e rica:7 . 11.111.! N.:•;a1 !r, F 1 1" tl:e; 1 ca,tiz!, 4 of t: 4 ['hub 11 . 1 baiall 17. ' 2 In•line s ; Ger.erj cop! Gileh:' as 01 the ; '- ; caant: . ail:. • sea: L. , rhOlS'b f !ISiitS c n stiona delenct td 4 10 es :1! 16th 411 pi 011.14