Star. — London, England, 1801-09-25 00:00:00

~F~ Ilb ALEXANDRIA. - t As the fall of Alexandria has been Elated by lime to depend on the Icarcity of water, the fo!- lowing Estrad from Rollin's Roman lifitory, vol. xiv. page 60, may not be thought unfeaTonable at the prefent moment. " Alexandria was fupplied with water from the Nile by an artificial Canal. The water of this river being generally muddy and anwholefome; every houfe in the city was provided with a ciflern, where the water was let in by the canal to purge, Wilt, and thereby Lecume innoxinus and fit to drink. The canal was in that part of the city where the Egyptians were mailers, fo as to ren der it impoffible for the Romans to hold longer oat. GANIMID, (the Egyptian Generaliffimo,)l thought he had only to taint the water in the cif-' terns of their quarter. Having formed this defign, he began by clofing up all the ciaerns in his quar ter; then railing the fea water by wheels and other , machines, he threw great quantities of it into the ' Roman cifterns thofe whofe houfes were neareff the fea were the firft to perceive the alteration, and were much furprifed to find their water tith, at the fame time that the water oldie more diflant houfes remained frefb as before. However the faltnefs loon became general ; and the Romans were fo frightened at it, that they thought of nothing but leaving the city and retreating, notwithtlanding , the difficulty and extreme danger of embarking in l the face _ of an enemy. Cmseat comforted and en courages them; he told them " that the evil was not fo great as they imagined, that there were al ways frelh fprings on the fea coaft, and that they had but to dig to a certain depth to come at them. That a retreat was equally detrimental to their honour and their fafety ; and that if they found it difficult to maintain their ground behind entrench ments againft a numerous enemy, to quit thofe entrenchments and embark, was expofing them felves to certain ruin—laftly, that their fafety de pended on victory." Having finithed his difcourfe, be ordered that no other work thould go on till a iiifficient number of wells were dug in different places. This met with the defired fuccefs, and CMS Alt by this means, without much trouble, fruf trated the defigns of the Egyptians, which had colt them infinite labour. " GAN MED however was not dilleartened : as he was fenlible, that the only means to conquer was to prevent CMSAR'S receiving the reinf(tree ments he expeCted, and which muff come to him liy fea, he relolved to have a fleet at any price, &c. Page 65.—" About this time CMS Ilk received., confiderable reinforcement of troops, together with a fupply of ammunition and provifiOns.— However, the convoys in their paffige to him were way-laid, and often furpriaed by the Egyptian !hips aationed for that purpofe near Canopus, Am ACCOUNT or THE iSLANDSor MADEIRA The. Madeiras, African Iflands, lying in the At lantic ocean, between lat. 32. and 33. deg. N. and long. t 6 deg. 49 min. W.—The largell of them is called Madeira, or rather Mattera, i. e. wood or foreff ; which name was given it by Gotszatves ZARCO, a Portuguefe. who 6rft covered it in 1420, as being overgrown with trees. The ancients called it Cernee Atlantica. It is about eighteen miles long,_ upwards of four broad, and 120 in circuit. The woods having been. burnt down, and the Maud fiuCtified by means of the afhcs, the Portugnefe planted it with vines, from which incredible quantities of wine, called Madeira, are produced. This keeps the belt of any in the hotteft weather and climate, in which other forts Cu! n four; for which reafon hardly any other is ufed in Jamaica, Batbadoes, and the Caribbee Iflands, &c. _ _ The air here is far more moderate than in the Canary Hands, and the foil more fertile in fugar and fruit, betides the exuberance of wine already mentioned ; and it is alike !pored with the fame fort of cattle, birds, plants, and the trees from which dragon's blood is extracted; alio maltic and other gums. Here reigns a perpetual fpring; send they make the heft fwectmeats in the world. They have feveral fugar plantations; and this is the firft'place where this manufafture was fet on foot, and thence carried into America; but thefe are moitly converted into vine yards, which yield the Portuguefe immenfe profits. There is found at Madeira a tree, called by the natives vignia tico, the Laura Indicus of Linnrus. The wood of this tree can fcarcely be dittinguifhed f inn ma hogany ; which induces us to believe, that the wood, called in England Madeira mahogany, is this tree, its no mahogany is exported from Ma deira. There are no wheel-carriages here ; the only refemblanse of them is a hollow board, that may he called a fledge, and which ferves to carry their wine-wads. The foil is In rich, and there is fuck variety in the climate between the hills and plains, there is no object of luxury which grows either in India or Europe, that might not be cul tivated here. Walnuts, ebefnuts, and appl.cs flon iifh alma without culture upon the The pine apple, the mango, the guava, and the banana grow almolt fpontaneonfly in town. The coin is large grained and tine, and it might he produced in gicat abunilance, nevertllefs the Freateft part of what is cei.funtri is imported. fhe Beef, mutton. an.' pi.rl :.re likev.ife ranaik ably gond, particularly thi. in this iiland there aie many 11:11, remarkably the Pico Riiivo is near 5100 feet io jh. be. irg nearly perpendicular from its be c. The:e arc covered round with vines to a certain liei• - tht, above aliiih there are great nunibev, of choiriti- and pine -trees, and above them various forts of timlier, In thick as to form large fore;is. Th e mi d inn an i ra.ibranio trces,ioundamongil them, ale uakniurn in Europe. . . . Vne inli.ibitAnts are computed to be between 3nJ fq. , ,r00; aosll the revei.nc arifinF frosi the to amenot :0 20 or fler!in;.; The inv.; of this itlaad ;:re n c , :11 - lat:er.tly arc of cs. bc. b.!!, ot a vi:ie im. ported horn t.rJct of the Inf.int of, Portugal, Dow Hitirt. , is called Mad6a4Walm cey, a pipe of which cannot be bought an the fpot fbr fiefs than 4c, or-4sl. Reding. It is ad exceed in richlweet wine, and is only made in a (mall quantity: The next fort is a dry wine, fuch as is exported for the London market, at 3oL or 311. aerling per pipe. Inferior forts for the Eaft In dia, - Weft India, and North American markets, fell at 281. 251. and 201. fierling. About 30,000 pipes upon an average, are made every year , each containing 110 gallons. About 13,000 pipes of the befl forts are exported ; and all the rcll is made into brandy for the Brazils, converted into vine gar, or confumed at home. The other illands are very (mall, yielding but little wine. Thele were planted (non after the firft difcovery by the Portuguefe, and are fubjeft (till to the crown of Portugal. This ifland was divided by the Portuguefe into four quarters, of which the mot} confiderable is that of Funchal, which is In called from a city of the fame name. The number of houfes in Ma deira, in the year 1625, was computed at 4coo. This number has been greatly entreated, and ac• cording . to a furvey taken in 1768, there were 63,913 inhabitants. Its harbour is very fafe, dur ing the whole year ; the mountains appear there to have been formerly fubjea to volcanic eriptions. It is watered by feven or eight rivers, and many rivulets, which defcend from the mountains. LONDON. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 25. PRICE OF STOCKS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK: 3 per Cent. Conf 3944-3 per Calt. 95—.0MIIIUD1 7 #• PRICE OF STOCKS YESTERDAY : 3 per C. Conf. 59; Englith Tickets 161. 3 per C. Red. (hut Ira Tickets 5 per Cent. Ann. 94 I Omaium 7 , 1 Imp. 3 per Cent.— Conf. for Acc. 59 7I This day we received Paris Journals to the ziR inflant, inclutive. On the Igth, the Tier: Con pities were 48 1. 75 c.; on the aoth, 48 f. 6o c. The following arc EXTRACTS FROM THE PARIS PAPERS. Palls, SEPTEMBER 20.--ALIXANDER VOLTA, the celebrated Profeffor of Experimental Philofo phy, in the Univerfity of Pavia, and• BRUGN A• TELLI, Profeffor of Chemillry, intend to vifit this capital, in order to confer with the French Pro. felfors on various objects of Science, and particu larly the phenomena of the Metallic Pile, a dif covery which does fo much honour to VOLTA, and is fu interelling to the Phyfico-Chemical Sciences. Matstm.ss, SEPT. 9.—Three Englifh Flags of Trucefrom Egypt with French prifoners, have at. rived in this port. By another flag of truce which arrived feveral days ago, we learn that feven of the enemy's (hips of war and fume frigates have ap peared off Toulon. This day the centinels del cried the enemy's fleet in the EA. BOULOGNE, SEPT. 15.—The Well-South-Well gale, the precurfor of the Equinox, which drove all the Englifh cruifers in:o the Downs, and ob. liged our flotilla to return into port, was loon fol. lowed by a North-Weft and North wind, very Mo derate, and calm weather. The Englilh, in con• fequence of this change, have refumed their ulna' nations, but our flotilla anticipated them by again returning to occupy its poll as an advanced guard: it has been reinforced by three new bomb veffels of a large conflruCtion, and two others of equal force are ready to jo'n them. The Englifh, tvko, doubtlefs, did not expel our flotilla would thus come out, have been cruifing for two days between Point Grifner and Calais, to blockade the Jivifion of gun-boats and gun-velfels in the latter, com manded by Captain MCYN F, as the wind is North, and confequently prevents this divifion getting out from Calais. The Commander of the English cruifers, Captain Sum NERVI Lt.t, (brother of Lord SOMMERVILLE, Prefident of the Board of Agri culture, at London), anchored yeflerday morn ing at the diflance of a league and a half from our line, with two large (hips and a frigate, which probably is the EOCENIE, and ten reffels of inferior force. Lord NELSON is flillat Deal; and, as appears, in alive correfpondence with Lord ST. VINCENT, Full Lord of the Admiralty.--4fc aiteur. VIEXNA, Stier. 2.—The reigning Prince Louis de LICHTENSTEIN, while amufing himfelf in hunt ing, received a !hut above the eye : the wound, however, it is fuppofed, will not prove mortal. A fatal accident had like to have taken place at the Theatre. The grand luftre fulpcnded over the Pit fell clown, but the cylinder to which it was fixed, luckily unrolled ital . fo !lowly, that the fpzeiators in the Pit had time toget out of the way. The luftre colt loco crowns. SEPTEMBER s.—The dilbarding of the Red DI Intles is one of thole operations which do the !gr-,ateß honour to the military adminiftration.— I Bzfides being bad fo:dtcrs, they difgraced the Aul trian at my by frequent robberies and afttffnation. At the commencement of the war they received a or in for the head of every Frenchman that they brought in to the advanced ports, but it was found that there banditti ufed to cut off the heads of the tadortunate peat:ants, wham they met with in the fields, in order to obt tin the promiled reward. Th are now fuppreffed. This corps was com poled in general of vagabonds, collected on the frontiers of Seriria, Bofnia, and Wallachia t fothe of diem had been releafed from irons. Letters from Peterfwaradin of the 27th of Au gull Rate, that the Palha of Belgrade has found means to efcape from ihti hands of the Janiffaries, and that there is reafon to think he has joined his fon, who is with a body of troops in the neighbour hood. of Semendria. HANOVEIL, SEPT. 4.—The following proclama tion was iffued here on the 28th ult. " As the union of the kingdom of Great Britain with Ireland has occafioned a change in the flag of the Eledorate of HANOVER, which, however, will continue to be of a red colour, but which will contain in the firit quarter, the Crofs of the Union of Great Britain and Ireland, and in the centre on a fquare red field, a White Horfe on full gal lop ; all merchant and private fhips under the Ha noverian flag, and furnifhed with paffports from the Royal and Elettoral College of Commerce, are defined to provide themfelves with fuch flags, of which the laid College will give them a pattern if they define it." FRANC [PORT, SEPT. I t.—The Ratifbon Mtreury announces that a courier from Paris, who paired through Munich, going in great hafte to Vienna, Elated, that preliminaries of peace had been figned between England and France. LEGHORN, SEPT. 2.—The Commandants of Porto Ferrajo have written to our Sovereign, that they will not abandon the defence of that place until the Grand Duke FERDINAND (hall have re. nounced it in form ; and that it is to him alone they will take the oaths of fidelity and obedience. NAPLES, Auo. 25. —In execution of the treaty of peace made with France, the remains of our navy, confining of two fhips of the line, two fri gates and a brig, are to be ceded to the France. General ACTON is to refide in this capital with full powers. The Englifh Conful who was here, has fet nut for Rome. In our harbour there is one Ruffian chip and three frigates, which it is Paid are to take on board the Ruffian troops in this city. French troops are expeled here. General SouL r, fearing no doubt that the people will not behold with a favourable eye this increafe of forces, has informed them, by a proclamation, that the new impofitions are not intended for the mainte nance of thefe troops, and has made known to them the pi ecife manner in which they are to be expended AUG usr 26.—0 n the birth day of the Heredi tary Prince, Mr. Jacesou, the Britifh Miniver, and the Chevalier de SOUIA, the Portuguefe Envoy to the KING of SARDINIA, were prefented at Court with the ufual ceremonies. HIS SARDINIAN MAJESTY is Rill in this capital, and, at prefent, does not feem difpofed to scums to his States. SINIGAGLIAp SEPT. t.—We teem to be eyery moment threatened with a defcent on the part of the Englifh. About a fortnight ago, thefe haugh ty Iflanders appeared on the Weft of Fermo, with a force confilling of thirteen (hips of the line ; Tome days after a fkirmifh took place between two veffels near Falconera. Since that time an Anglo- ' Turkifh fquadron, with the origin and dellination ' of which we are unacquainted, appeared off Ragu fa, and a great number of veffels of all fizes are daily teen in the Adriatic. Preparationsof defence have confequently been made on every point of the coaft ; we ezpeet from Naples a French demi-bri gade, oft zoo men : it is commanded by General MICHAUD, who takes the place of General MA. THIEU, abfent on leave ; General Sot-muse fue ceeds General &ROUX at Ancona. Difpatches were yeilei day morning received at the Admiralty from Admiral Cocio.vaeeis, dated laft Sunday off Breit. The combined fqnadron in the Outer Road had made no movement of im• portance during the preceding week. The mailer of a fmall coafting vclrel captured by one of our lookout frigates, had communicated intelligence that the Spanilh officers and fcamen at Brea were very much difcontented at their fituation, and that it was underilood they would not aft with the French fleet, if even both fqoadrons had a favour. able opportunity of putting to fea. It is very pro bable, indeed, that the Spaniards and the French will not aft with perk& harmony ; and therefore it may be believed : the accounts ffuch prifoners, however, in general, mcrit very little credit. The accounts hitherto publifhed of what has paired at the meetings of the French Clergy are Inaccurate. The dileufTion began laft Saturday, and continued five hours. On Monday it was re newed. Several eloquent fpeeches were made on both fides. There were f.ur in favour of acqui efcence in the Popes recommendation. There are' the Archbilhop of Aix, the Archbilhop of Bout- Di.Al/11, the Bithop of LLSCAR 6, and the Bifhop of CostioNt s. At the head ,f thole who were for refofing, are the Archhilhop of NARBONNE, the 'Whops of MONTPWER ' NAYON, NA NTA A , AN GOULAME, AV RANCHFS , LONNA], and Uzi.s.— Four were for a middle courfe, and the Bilhop of Lynn promifed to join the majority of the whole furvivin;, , French Bilhopc, who are 82. The Bi thop of Attes, Minitter of Louis XVIII. in England, communicated the fentiments of Mow• MAUR, which were againft the resignation. The original fignature of the Pots in all our antient Records is St r.f.111 Servorson. The addition to his name in the last Brief is P. P. This hat. pii7rlrd many, but a folu:ion has been found for it in the Mifcellanies of Poet and Swill., where P. P. is the name of the Cl.ri the Parifiy. wirmorfTN, SEPT. 23. This morning the•KlHc, accompanied by the Earl of I-JIB/LIDOS, Lord WALSINCHAM, and Col. CARTWRIGHT, took a ride over Bincombe Hills. .The QUEEN and PRINCESSES walked on the Efplanade to HARVEY'S Library, and paid a morn. ing vifit to Baronefs Howe. In the afternoon the Ck!!s ea, Prineeffes ELIZA. BETH and MART, and Princes Scorn's of Gtou ct sre it, took an airing on the Sands, accompanied • by the Countefs of AYLESBURY. Five Companies of the Staffordfhire With marched this morning for Windfor; the others march to-morrow. Difpatches were this day received from Egypt, but their contents have not yet tranfpired. Lord Sr. VINCZNT'S honfe hi the Admiralty is gating ready with all pollible difpatch. His Lord. Chip intends to occupy it by the full of next month. Marquis CottitwatAts is at his feat at Broom . Hall, near Eye. Earl SPENCER and Family are come to town from thcir Scat tt Althorpe. The Earl of Aucaass, Sir J. Wotrs, Sir W. PARW, Sir T. and Lady Ftsarutoon, Col o n 4 M‘Maaoa, Colonel and Mrs. Gtovsa, and Cola nel Etaamorom, are among( the 141 Arrivals at Bath. The /tacks:Libor/ this year in Suffolk are, Lord ST. ASAPH, Capt. WiLI,IAPISON, Mr. J. G. SHAD. DICK, and Mr. BEDINGFIELD. Capt. WILLIAMSO N killed twenty-two brace of birds on the fecondday of ;porting, and molt of them tingle thou. The Affembly Room at Eye, in Suffolk, on Tuefday evening laR, was crowded with all the beauty and faUn of the neighbourhood. floeugt omnia untle orta fans.—Woodley Lodge, near Reading, was built about 25 years ago by Mr. WHEALS. It was fold to Admiral 'Loan HOTHA M. MS. A.DDI NGTON WAS the neat poll . ; (for, who embellifkesl, increafed, and dignified it. A few days ago it was hought by Mr. Wasas E. fon •of the original proprietor, ;5 , .; It k reported that 3c,000 French troops are to be etnbatked in the butch forts, if an invafion of this country be attempted. The whole volunteer force of the county ea. , vernefl, confining of feveral thoufands, have de. clared to Government their readinefs,at a momenta warning, to march againft the enemy, in cafe of invafion. The Auchierderran Company of Volunteers, commanded by Captain H. Clap Newt, have una., nimoutly agreed to extend their fervices to any part of GI Git Britain, when Government fhall be pleated to call for them. Every defence that is polllble to be made for the prottaion of the Coalts, is carrying on with all dible difpatch, A 'etter from Amfterchm, dated the 7th inft, mentions—that the Emperor of Germany hay made the following arrangements to difcharge the arrzars due fince the year 1795, on his oblig trims negotiated. in Holland : Namely, to pay the pre. fen, year's interefi in ready money ; and the pie. ceding ones by future inilalments fatisfadory to the holders, A letter from Strafburgh, dated September 13, rays—Count OLGOR.3 UKt, Adjutant-General of his Majelty the Emperor of Rullia, accompanied by M. Ne irks Nr, a Ruffian Colonel, arrived here yefterday : they came from Peterfburgh, and are on their way to Paris, with difpatches from AL Ex-. ENDER I. for the French Government. Count Co ss wrz si palled here yefterday evening at nine o'clock,and continued his routefor Vienna withuu; flopping. The yellow fever has broken out with great vio lence at Surinam, and has proved fo mortal among the crews of the (hipping, that feveral veffels have failed without their cargbes, as they had only the choice of doing in, or of beirg (tripped of their men. Among other vietims is the eldeft fon of Mr. MURRAY, of Covent-Garden Theatre. EGYPT .—Extraft of a Letter from an Of f icer in a man of war, dated Aboukir, NY 2 4 " For thde tall lix or feven months Afia and Egypt have been my place of abode, and I am ab moll dried up like an old thread paper; not that the Ilation is by any means unpleafant, and ever, if it were, I could not complain, it being of my own eliding: there is abundance of pi-millions of ad kinds, at leall all that warriors fhould require ; and generally (peaking of the army, I believe I may venture to fay, that troops on foreign Ratioa never did live better. A buffalo, or very large kind of bullock, is fold by the Arabs for two, three or four pounds fterling ; a tolerably good Cheep (even (billing and lixpence; five or fix fowl* for half a crown; and eggs fix and (even hundred for five fhillings; coffee and fugar are fomewhat dear. Among the reit of purchafes and cutiofi ties, I intend to buy me a wife; they are brought herein panniers from Corfica, flung acrofs a horfe cr camel, in the manner you mar have teen calves in Ell'ex, and at a moderate price—tor example, on our firll coming here, they were purchAfed at the (mall price of ten !billings per head; but there were fome to be fold, of a fuperior quality—how ever extraordinary this may appear in London, is Egypt the value of the 144 is title known or con. fidered. Such as with to live a la mode agozbis pay for luxuries or unneceffaries a moll exorbi tant price; and this place alfo has fome other in conveniencies--the camp being feared or, a dcfart of tome extent, where there is nothing green td relieve the eye, occations very violent inflamma tions of them, and often blindnets ; it is a com mon difeafe in the country at this period, and but few efcape. From this malady the troops have Coffered more confiderably than any other, and I have teen camps in far more advantageous litua toms lets healthy ; but this feafon has been very mild, comparatively (peaking, with what I expe perienced two years ago ; neverthelefs Come thin,- lands of my brive countrymen have and mull fall a facrifice, as may be expetted from the nature of the expeditioq." ...................... NAL MAI istioto o H. I ro , 2 V I o Arrived 1 packet,Capt. ed from then ger • the onl an Englifit vetiel, name cod (truck. has prevente Packet, Cap and Paffenge Difpatches a fleet. POT Sailed till DERS, with con, with tl Lucy, AtND E 1172, PRAT' The (hip F as formerly l ever, receive proceed for t Wre were 3 a Gentleman which, with cut from hen They failed I and got with in July, whe fpradron of ptohaly that Li which th ft*Jing, and b can !bore. • of the CORGI afraid fhe ma ci July the C diately contir hundred mer cos, and onl DESIGN ; an date of the ft carrying ma fick, and ha( the t 3th of , The Indul h 101 l in she The flargoui The Morl. tvet, Jama The Bello; to unload at The Dalr Quebec, is lc el the cargo The Itoyi !bore near 1J The Pitt back to lon The Dian ruddy, with Bay of St. ji DEAL, SE Itcracs fib and LIVELY thin Somaav N. N. W. GRAVESEN Pa !tics, iron tr aa, from from Berbir SUNDLEY t a ii;que; Bohai M.lNTosit, !rum St. V ; ani Friends, REI MOE F•T frnn: Antigit and Ifabelia, from Q2ebec In the Down erombie; and * Tredw(ll, from :n.T.I, Boyd, fro, Croix; Frivtd., 11.u.:1 Antigua; Nev;Ye;tl .1! Pertfntuoit 7 , Ayr, in 1; Falmouth. At I iv,rpoul. r.ati:.iyn, from :S; Darbrim Ann; Ham* ao.I Diana. Cam At Milford At Chaticaon I ondun ; Thom Hutel.tr.a,frorti Off the Uk of broGa, Swims; tuo, from Jamal At Latteaftet , t:tutit, Han. I Ja;naica. . _ At entrot—a tin, Jacobson, fr At Clydr.-- I u:talto; Maria, 14 1. from ThiLtd Comma% Fcq