Star. — London, England, 1825-01-05 00:00:00

0 ;ST INDIA SILVERY• LETTER EIL-PART t. THE EDITOR OF THE STAR. last Letter I sheaved that the Quarterly .maintained, that sugar could not be cults present, with profit by the Planters, if the suddenly emancipated ; and I asserted had maintained a contrary argument. I explained the true tendency of the argu evierv, and considered the question upon ~is of reasoning, independently of facts. letter, I propose to demonstrate that Arr intained a contrary argument; and - that ig the facts which he has stated, they are ;sisting him when properly examined, that to be preci s ely those most calculated to statement of the Reviewer. then, that ANGLUS employs the contrary obliged to cite a long quotation from ler;—" Is not the Reviewer aware that Slaves in the West Indies, even now, :aise, in considerable quantities, for their such articles as they dare to raise or aid will bring a good price in the mar ls hogs, fish, poultry, firewood, grass ye , rovisions, and fruit ? As for sugar, cotton,, :ocoa, or other goods or merchandize of any Vincent's law, clause 73), Slaves are in im selling them, under severe penalties. suppose that ; sugar plantation in Ja divided into little farms of five or ten and let to the more industrious of the id that the Proprietor kept the sugar own hands, assuring those who might cultivate the sugar cane of a ready mar it his manufactory ; the same stimulus ild exist in this case, which now exists for , dui ing the brief pittance of time granted wide food for themselves and their fami• periluous quantity of yams and plantains, wanges and pine apples, and pigs and Ali which they supply so abundantly all of the Islands. Can the Reviewer assitt :axon why they should not grow sugar ply the neighbouring mill, as readily as ow other articles to supply the demand markets ; or dates he fear that labourers be hired to assist in manufacturing sugar wages were afforded? ocates of slavery, as of every bad cause, :onsistent in their reasonings. It has be .shion among them of late to represent in /El certainly exaggerated colours, the pro. ,mulated by Staves, the produce of their tatty labour, during the fragment of time .m by their Ma:ters. Thus, Sir Ralph .eil, us hoW the Slaves in Trinidad may :h beyond the wants of the utmost ambi pfligacy. Thus, Mr. R. Hibbert's affidavit 'be the Slaves on Georgia Estate as wet abundance. Thus, a"Dr. Stobo, -with a minute statistical research, has produced a -count of property accumulated by the .'ortola. in short, we hear from all quar %Yea Indies, not only of the desire of the acquire property, but of their efficiently the means within their power to that end. what circumstances is this effected ? ;e sanding of time at. their own dispo with every temptation to seek repose, in to active employment, which can be sup atural indolence, or by the exhaustion of tted labour under the lash, for five or six week, for the benefit of another,—they, .less, so diligently and skilfully appropriate 'ling, either in cultivating their grounds, ing for hire, as to add greatly to their Ind even to amass wealth. Such is ac statement, not only of many of the West it of the Quarterly Reviewer himself, in, :hth number (pp. 491 and 492.) iewer's difficult and perplexing problem is heady solved. He himself may be adduced lat a stimulus has been already found, of potency than the whip, as alone capable ig the labour of the Negro beneficial to the He will find it hard, by the utmost exer metaphysical skill, to convince reasoning country, that if a Negro will work indus .om moral motives, on a Sunday or Satur a not also be influenced by the same mo ork industriously on the other five days of The problem then, I say, is solved by the testimony of the West Indians and the Their own statements and admissions, if out to all their consequences, would be suf. ~rove, not only that the Negroes are fit for but that their freedom would be a pecuniary less to their Masters than to themselves." enquires, does the Reviewer fear that la id not be hired to assist in manufacturing adequate wages" were offered? I presume iewer would answer to this question, that he that' some labourers would be hired to Inufacturing sugar; but that he has the possihle doubts, that if the manufacture of su depend solely on the services obtained from that it could be carried on with any profit italist; in other words, the wages which be found adequate in the earlier periods of sudden emancipation, to tempt the Negro the attractions of a life of indolence, would be ro high as to encroach upon the profits of inous degree. The Reviewer haserplained, explanation has been fiequently repeated, and Ipos in these letters, that in proportion as ion is gradual, and made to depend upon the y of the Slave, the dater of a total failure labour being furnished to Proptietors of ings, and machinery will be proportion- 'hole question between the Reviewer and AN - whole question between the ultra, and the Abolitionists, is involved in this query such circumstances it is necessary toenter into !ical details, and to collect such scattered ay exist, on the subject of wages and free %%est India Agriculture. iopt the conclusions of Mr. Whitmore, in the present and future prospects of Agri- England, with respect to the principles which the rate of wages. Every one must be says Mr. Whitmore, " that a habitation, Certain portion of food, of clothing, and of fuel 'ssary to the sustenance, and the healthful ta tion of mankind. The quality and quantity of each May, and in fact do Wiry In every country: "a Oarlaiion arising from dissate.from civilisation, dad "from the psculior habits of each people. It is equally ti clear, that the poor cannot command these necessaries, " unless they obtain such a price for their labour as " *ill enable them to purchase them." And as there is a natural and a market price of wages, as of every thing else, that is dependent on labour for itLcreation, I have to enquire in what degree climate, civilization, and the peculiar habits of the people, influence the natural and the market price of the wages of labour, employed upon agriculture in the West Indies, and more especially in the cultivation of sugar. In my third letter I shewed, on the authority of President Boyer, of Hayti, as quoted by Mr. Stephen, that in St. Domingo it was considered that the labour of half an hour per day was sufficient to provide for the sub sistence of a week; and, under these circumstances, Pre sident Boyer argued, that ambition, or the desire of , bettering his condition, had little influence in stimu-; latMg the exertions of the labourer. If wages, in such a country, were measured by the mare expense of subsistence, they would be so low that no person would encounter the fatigue of continued labour for such wages; or if they did labour, the quantum of ex ertion would be represented by about halt an hour in the day, or some portion of time not materially greater In an Essay on the S e irit of Legislation f in the en couragement of Aviculture, &c. which gained the prize offered by the Economical Society, at Berne, in Switzerland, page 43, it is said; " It is impossible that " a man without property, who has more than three "children, can furnish their 'maintenance by the sin " gle labour of his hands, supposing even that all en " joy a good state of health, and that his wife " is industiii,us." If wages, in such a country, did not provide that maintenance which Mr. Whitmore's principle entitles the agricultural labourer to expect, charity, or poor rates, must supply the deficiency, or the consequences will follow which Mr.Whitmore points out. But every one must perceive how different will he the rate of agricultural wage, in Haiti and in Switzerland. From the operation of natural causes, in the latter country, many must labour the whole day or starve: in Haiti that alternative i, prevented by the daily exertion of hail an hour. There ate, perhaps, no kinds of tropical produce, re quiting to be planted and reaped annually, that could be profitably cultivated for exportation, under such a state of things as we now find in Hayti, provided capi tal was to be transferred (torn other channels of pro ductive industry, for the purpose of cultivating the soil by hired labour. But in Haiti, the present agricultural produce for exportation is chiefly from shrubs or trees, whilst a kind of society exists, and capital is distributed under very peculiar circumstances. One part of the population, having no capita 4, destroyed or expelled that portion in whom was vested the wealth of the country. Of those, among the victors, who survived this murderous struegle, the mo.t bold, and most intel ligent obtained an ascendancy over the rest, and appro priated to themselves, under different systems of tenure, the remaining property in lands, cultivation, buildings, and machinery, which had tottnerly belonged to the White Inhabitants, or Capitalists. The new prtsprietois, therefore, had neither created the capital which they possessed, nor had they transferred it floor other chan nels of production*. The land, cultivation, building., and machinery, of which they we* in this manner pu• in possession, could only be made valuable by the la bour of flee Negroes. In such a case, the price of la bour had refetence to other principles than mere sub sistence. The employer having no interest on borrowed capital, annuities, or settlements arising from inherit ance to provide for, the mtrket price of wages was governed by principles affording the highest possible reward, in a country where perhaps the natural price would have been the lowest, if considered merely with reference to subsistence, This country, then, affords the most favourable case possible for the position of ANWAR', that the flee Ne groes in the West Indies only require "adequate wages" to induce them voluntarily to enter on the production of sugar, because no capitalists in the British West In dies could afford to give such high wages as in Haiti. It is now an admitted axiom in political economy, that profits are low when wages are high, and vice versii and it is evident that a capitalist who has no intetest, &c. to pay, may derive more actual prop, though the profits of stock in the country where he resides should be at a low average, than one who lives in a county where the profits of stock are high, but who has con siderable outgoings for the payment of interest, &c. &c. In the former case, therefore, the wages will have a ten dency to be high. Hence it is found, that the wages of labour actually are higher in Haiti than in any of our Colonies, as I have shewn in my fifth Letter, on the authority of the Abolitionists, and the Colonization Society of the United States. The former representing Is. Sid'. per 'day as the mean price of wages for men, women, and children, and the latter as being one dollar per day, in the sea ports, for men. These wages being far higher than those in our Co lonies, must surely be considered by ANGLIN as " ade quate," so far as the labourers are concerned. . _ _ I shall, therefore, now i3roceed to shew the practical effect on the production of sugar ; but similar results, in different degrees, are seen in the other articles of export. M. de Marbois, in his 44 Compte rendu du 1 Janvier au SI Dec. 1788," chews that the following quantity of sugar was exported from the French part of Haiti, viz. 70,227,7091 b.. Preach, of Cloyed &tsar. 93,117,5141ba. ditto, of Muscovado Sugar. 54,455,300115 a. ditto, of Syrop or Molasses, besides Tafia, an inferior kind of Rum. In the year 1801, (l'an 9) on the authority of General de la Croix, who refers to " Les Comptes fournis l'Assemblet CentrAle par l'Administratem•General de "la Colonic," the quantity of sugar made in the same part of Haiti, was only as follows, viz. 16 5401b5. French, of Clayed Sugar. - 16,5111,57t11b5. Ditto of Wtheovado Sugar. 99,11911i5. Ditto of Syrup or Molasses, and no Tali& ' Coffee and other colonial articles, although produced from shrubs and trees requiring less labour, as said before, had also greatly decreased. Yet it is of this • General De la Croix, page gig, vol. 2d, speaking of the Black Chiefs of Hayti, says—" Cercbefs, par la mort civile on recite des anciens habitans, restaient maitre* souverains de la propriete en. dire de la Colonic. Devenus dispensateurs de wines les fortunes, ils ont trouves dans un system, de concessions et de fermage, des Remelts de puissance superiedrs a radian ordinaire des gortoeritentens.'' Le saltine des principaux employe, paye en capi:al, n'a plus 6tE, et nest pas encore une charge pour le trisor d'Haiti. Leihautes functions se trouvent acquitters en concessions territoriales, ou en immeubles. II n'y a, quaut a priient, de dEpenses por.sitives it la charge du tresor, que l'entrctien des bAtimens publics, ci la aide dos dernlers subalternes. • • /ear, that iinonapirte speaks, in these words, in his notes (page 189) on the work of General de 11 Croix, 'jolt quoted. " Les Annees 1800 et 1801, Invent dent " anntes de prosperite pour la Colonie: I'agricuhure, ' 4 les loin, le commerce rgfleurirtnt sous le gouirernement " de Toussaint L'Ouverture." From that time to the present, from various causer, the industry of Haiti, in the production of sugar, has been retrograding, and no one article of agricultural industry has reached the amount which was exported in that year, even if the statements of General Inginac Were to be received, which have been proved to be grossly inaccurate. Some new Haitian statements, on the same authority, *hide have -lately appeared in the New limes, ate drawn up to chew that the population of Haiti (includ ing the Spaisish part of St. D mingo), has been gra dually increasing at a very rapid rate; and yet, by falls sh ort these very statements, culti vation r lolt of its, amount during the periods to which I have adverted, when the population was much less. .Had. the asser• dons of ANGLUS been correct, the result ought to have been encreased cultivation, in proportion to encreased population. I have shewn, in my 9th Letter, that in the years 1818, 1819, and 1820, sugar continued to be exported from Haiti. Therefore, during these years, the means of manufacturing sugar must have existed in the island, and some labour must have been applied to that branch Of agricultural industry. ANGLUS, in his third Letter, says, " And as to the southern division of the island, where the revolution ." had not been attended, as in the north, with the gene "rat destruction of the mills, boiling-houses, and ether works necessary for the manufactoi y of sugar, it wit. " found in a very flourishing condition. The facts are " stated at large by Mr. Stephen, in a work published " two years later than the ' Crisis.' called the Oppor "'tunity: page 10 to 21, &c." On turning to these pages to examine what were the fact. thus stated, on the respectable authority of Mr. Stephen, I sea , disappointed, and did not find any facts proving the assertions made by Antrum. Mr. Stephen, indeed, in page 19, says, " The captures made of " cargoes shipped from that island, since the corn " mencement of the present hostilities, sufficiently " prove that agriculture, however diminished, had not " been wholly abandoned; much less will the hoe be " idle when the musquet may be safely laid aside; for, " that freedom and a Negro Government are trot in " compatible with a large and encreasing growth of " exportable produce, was, under the beneficent ad-, " ministration of Toussaint, very clearly. proved." So far there are no facts stated, but merely a reference to the beneficial administration of Toussaint, as having proved that a large and encreasing growth of export. able produce was not incompatible with Negro Govern. ment. What that Negro Government of Toussaint was, with respect to the labourers, the Reviewer has shewn in pages 574 and 575, on the authority of the proclamations of Toussaint himself, the correctness of which Amours has riot been able to controvert in any manner. But the fact of the amount of exportable pro- duce being a great deal less under Toussaint, than it was under the Slave-system, is admitted by Mr. Stephen himself, in the passage quoted; and is further shewn in the returns of M. Marbois, and General De la Croix. In note upon the passage of Mr. Stephen, that, Gentleman has indeed said, •/ The cultivation of the " Cillony, said Le Clerc, in his first official dispatches. is in a much higher state of prosperity than could .• have been imagined." Now this gives no definite idea of the extent of cultivation, even under the system established by Toussaint, when compared with that under Slavery, for no opiniOn can be formed what the state was which Le Clerc had imagined. This, there- fore, cannot be the fact referred to by ANGLUS, because official returns shew that the cultivation under Tous- saint was much less than before the insurrection of the slaves. There is another authority, however, quoted by Mr. Stephen, which he describes to have been found in a letter " on board Le Bon Accord, Pierre Pattissier, , " Master, a prize taken at the commencement of the " present war." The name of the writer of the letter is not given, nor to whom it was addressed ; but it was dated 18 Floreal, An. 11, (May 7th, 1803), and is in the registry of the High Court of Admiralty: this letter. says-0 La partie du Sud, qui it y a deux mois et demi " etoit encore intacte, et valait mieux que la Marti " nique, cant par son etendue que par sesrapports, est maintenant le thixatre de la guerre la plus horrible," &c. This assertion, in a letter, is all the authority which I can find ; and I intreat the Reader to reflect upon the text of the quotation, compared with the amplified state ments of AsoLus. It appears, two months and a half before the author of this letter wrote, that the Southern District of Haiti was untouched by the war, and was worth more, in his opinion, than Martinique, but says nothing about its superiority over the North Depart ment. It is merely an opinion of the writer of a private letter, and nothing more. No-data for comparison is given.* The manner in which AAOLUS amplifies even this statement, is worth observing, as to the flourishing condition of the sugat cultivation of the Southern Divi sion of the Island of St. Domingo, in comparison with that of the Northern. Unfortunately for At:o[x*, how ever, the official returns chew the -great diminution of productive industry under . Toussaint, in comparison with Slave-labour; and destroy all the amplifications and inferences of ANOLUS, grounded on the assertions of this private letter; for, during the most prosperous year of Toussaint's administration, the sugar cultiva- • By supplying these data, the Reader will perceive the value of the assertions of the private letter quoted by Mr. Stephen. Pam:puce of the Southern Department of St. Domingo, during the most productive year under Toussaint, compared with the Pro_ duce of Martinique.—Statistlque de la Martinique, vol. 2, p. 97. • Sucre. Sirop. Cafe. I Cocoa. I Coton. Terre. Brut. Dans le De- lbs. lbs. Galls. lbs. lbs. lbs. pattement du - Sud de St. Domingue - 869 1,854,335 88,353 7,538,754, 163,528 85,776 Darns les 4 Ar. roadissemois de Is MaAI fIVI Mel 1 AMINO RDA 1 .1711 MA 140 l'lo R 4 RO,l lbs. 869 - 88,55.3'7,538,7 de la nique 1 53,059,000,1,899,588 1,370074'449,472 62,694 By which it appears, that in the articles of Colonial Produce, except Coffee and Cbtron, exported as the result of agricultural la bour, Martinique (of which net one-half is cultivated) actually pro duced a much greater quantity of produce, and particularly sugar, than the Southern Department of St. Domingo. In the article of sugar, indeed, Martinique produced about Utt times as much. The details respecting Martinique, are for the year lotto, when the Slave population was 77,339. When under the English, the Slave population was 78,577, and, therefote, the antodnt of productions is presumed to have been as much a, under the French, with a less Slave population. The statements, holever, are merely given to afford a general idea of the relative productiveness of the places referred to by the writer of the private letter. - = • 4 „ • r . HMI iti th4l tilwth iletuatty MT exet , ectea teat at till-Sousa Division of the Island, as will be here seen: I . _ s~:.~: bayed. Mitsecovadd. lbs. lbs. Tn the Department of the nlriaih 869 884,355 In the Dritartrornt of the North 15,671 9,318,784 And the produce of the national ckinains, id each part; is returned as being equal ; but neither quantity reached A 11146011 of pounds weight ; and none of dais was. pro- . duced bll tva,zes ; whilst the North side of Haiti, instead of being less productive in sugar, from ruined mills, &c. was actually match more productive than the Start!, a fact which is directly contrary to the asserticq A NGLUS. To pi rive. still more conclusively, how boldly A xn; makes assertions without proof, I submit the author rt , of General I)! la Croix. quoted, with approbation, by Mr. Clio kson, on the Affairs of St. Domingo, as di.- tinctly she.% ing, that on the North side, under the gr.- vernmeor of Christophe, there existed the greatest num • ber of sugar estate, compared with the South and West, where, however, a better system of Custom-house regu lations prevailed " Les douanes y etablissent la com " pensation financie.e qiie lea produits territoristax fe " raient p6ucher pour Christophe, dans la dominatio4 " dupel it se trouve plus de Sucreries en aaiviti...." Whilst General De la Croix was thus describing sugar works in activity, and the Custom-house Returns of Great ISt i:ain were proving, that, up to the year 1820. sugar was actually imported from Haiti into this coun try, ANGLU3 is gravely assigning g. the destruction of " sugar-works, and the want of capital to rebuild them," added to that " chilling sense of insecurity of property," as preventing the Haitians from labouring for its accu mulation. Surely the property arising from the culti vation of sugar was as certain of sale as any other kind of produce. In my Bth letter, 1 have stated that Cuba exported not only more coffee than Haiti did, to the United States, in the year 1822, but that such was the demand for sugar, that Cuba also sent to the United States, in that year, 41,361,231 lbs. of Muscovado and `10,601,672 lbs. of Clayed, besides 6,190,894 gallons of Molasses, exceeding in value all the productions of Haiti sent thither; and yet both Islands were upon an . equal footing as to duties, thus utterly destroying the validity of the argument of Aticurs on that point: I have shewn, also, in my llth letter, from the clearances of a sugar estate in Barbadoes, from 1770 to 1823, that it was more or less profitable, " during the whole era " of Haitian freedom," except the years 1795, 1800, and 1809; whilst returns, from the new Colonies of Tri nidad, Demerary, and Berbice, shew that the eultiva don of sugar, during these years, had been 'greatly ex tended. But in Ha iti, the cultivation of sugar, during these years of Haitian freedom, has been diminishing, and at such a rate, that, in 1823, a proclamation from the President of Haiti himself, informs the world that sugar is smuggled into that Island from Colonies where it is cultivated by Slaves, and obviously, therefore, at a less expense, although the sugar proprietors of the Slave Colonies were burdened with the interest of capital inL vested in their Estates, and various other legal incum brances; whilst, in Haiti, the proprietors of sugar estates had violently seized upon the ptoperty of the former oWners, and had no interest on capital to provide for. A Noi.os, feeling himself utterly unable to meet these consideraLions, turns from them to set up a hvpothe tical case of establishing free small farmers in Jamaica, who could cultivate canes, and have them manufac tured at a mill, as in the East, Indies, without ever deeming it necessary to shew how far the circum stances, as to wages, labourers, proprietors, laws, and population, were similar in Jamaica and the East Indies. I shall, therefore, merely transfer the hypo. tbetical case of ANOLUS from Jamaica to Haiti, where it -might, and no doubt would have been tried * had there been any chance of success ; for it is obviously the interest, and the desire of President Boyer, to ex tend his sugar cultivation;- and he distinctly points out to the American emigrants that species of culture, in some of the locations of land destined for their recep tion. But even General De la Croix is compelled to admit, that " La culture, daa, les colonies, necessite 64 une roideur d'action qu'il dolt etre difficile aux chefs "de couleur de prendre sur les noirs. Ces chefs pa " raissent l'eprouver: car dans le bet de populariser • resaploi de leer autorite, ils ont reuni leurs into its " dans des associations, a fin de rendre plats selidaires • tobeissance dana (exploitation des Sucreries, dont les produits sont incontinent partages." Such were his ideas relative to the Government of Petion ; but of Ithe Government of Christophe he speaks in a manner which clearly confirms the idea given of it by the Re viewer, and which ANOWS vainly endeavonred to shew was unfair. 46 Dans le royaume de Christophe, au con -44 crane, les agens de son five, les grands seigneurs et 44 les premiers chefs militaires out d ens seals les plus " belles Sucreries; ils y comesandent,en Maitre: Cres,. " et (execution servile de kurt or dres montre ai r qua. ques points (aspect brilliant de cascien Saint Do. mingue. Still speaking of Christophe, be says t "La " couleur n'ayant pas rendn son autorite suspecte, it a • adopte envers les cultivateurs, des le pi incipe de son " administration, les moyens ciierdtifs dont avail fait 44 mnploi Toussaint L'Ouverture,fixes sur (es ateliers, les • "cultivateurs du royaunie restent entitlement sounds " un regime n?gre." Notwithstanding all these motives for stimulating the labour of the tree Negroes in Haiti, since the death of Christophe, the , successive diminution of the sugar cultivation has been taking place, without producing an increase of cultivation in coffee or • cotton, in pro.' portion co the number of cultivators withdrawn from sugar planting, and the increased population added to the Island generally, as is stated on the authority of M. Inginac. The proclamition of President Boyer, quoted by the Reviewer, shews that in Haiti there was a demand for sugar-1 have shewn the market rate of wages were adequate—l have also shewn, by the •example of the neighbouring Island of Cuba, that the eultivation of sugar was there tarried on profitably ; and, finally, that there was not any obstacle preventing the free Negroes of Haiti from cultivating sugar, end being rewarded for it, as well as by any other mode of cultivation; an/1 that neither the plan suggested by Anemia, florae,' other, has succeeded. I may Oren be permitted to ask how it is possible-for the , English Planter to succeed by paying " adequate wages, when he cannot afford to offer such inducements, as to wages as existed io Raid ? becadse, having created, or transferred cat: from other pro ductive channe's of industry, the - lish Planter mose provide for an interest on that capital r .of slt lean On that part which he may haws borrowed, added to that st ' other settlements or anduities upon his property, without even noticing the expense incident to the A %VES' TO T 8 1R —In my ii ec i eto had Ma rated, at preset 1 N eg roes were A 'GUIS 111 that ..N r epeated, and e !r ent in the Re gen eral grounvi In the present I nos has main e ven adraitti4 so far from assn they turn out t confirm the star To prove, th argument, I arr his second lett L t h e Negro :. • v oluntarily r; a wn benefit, cultivate, an ▪ ket—such as ▪ "getables, pro' coffee, cocoa, sni t, (See St. " terdicted fros a Now, let us u.ete c 14 acres each, s Negroes, ani 1 . Watts in his continue to c ket for it at at least soul *their raising, "them to pros • 4. lies, that sup • " and those or " poultry, with Cie MAI kets "airy good reT cane to Supt "they now Ivo of distant fit "could not be I f adequate as: " The advo, s) ' " are very Inc( 111/1. come the fas tit "glowing, ani e; " perry accum own volunti 4 allowed thet N. 0 Woodford ti :er amass much tifin or proll u- rd "men descrob m."laving in ha narade of rn " flaming aci is- k ' Slaves of T. " this of the 1' los 0 Negroes to ▪ " employing t lot er. " Amp under A. el With a mere An. " sal,—and Vi "; preference tc ti. "plied by na b. " unretnunertai " days of the io. " nevertheless, 1*- "that soinethi '4O "or in wor kir uae "comforts, at tually the si I. * "Indians, but rd, " his fifty-eigt ns " The Itevie r. " therefore alr ras in- " to prove tha "far greater "of rendering ish "Planter. H rd, " lion of his n to ; " men in this 1s- "triously, fro sera " day, he will ast "huh to wor Is• Ind "the week. • ; " concurrent rd; "Reviewer, 'followed ou " ficient to pr ild freedom, bu ed"benefit, no I nT Awnitus en ch loners could ge* agar, it " ac tly dat the Revie sly has no doubt assist in man wt greatest possi: the gar were to di *Ach hiring, t as- to the capita woe gone would h on - his state of s ledisregard t acessarily be Rork to a rui this and that expl sea• aged upoi swa t huncipation Its's• bed industry adequAte hd. buildin 111 7 1 essened. Pars The wh o l e Sts. g tts—the w at koperate • the t Coder sucl male ota historic 2 . • iltts L , may olD" "our in Wo shall ad Ls:titer on ( ( iitute in E r ags obi& `l.f l utace thi iced- h a 0 re• s tres 11 da Cella neCess; Ise PreierVatit , 1 ii.. i • ' i t -;( 1 ' 3. ,,,, 1 '