Star. — London, England, 1828-09-09 00:00:00

v • IN•i' 1 . 414 a , • A bio • epade • • r ..r ;I : t rip • k • r. S . . • 1 . • • . FAIKA 0111.(14 - -- ‘11 t stlll. fiitn et " • k "t •°. % t i * p„, / 0 4.444 1 -1414‘ , • • . • • • = __. l lll • a 1•. • 1 ■ A 4 ■ N • 111 I p I 14 : 'TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 9, 1828. . N emnzit 12,958.] 'PiticE . SIMINPENCE. rtcruAz,uNG OFFICE, September 9, 18211. THE COWMISSIU.VERS for VICTUALLING kh MAJESTY'S NAVY, fe. do hereby gay Nonce, That on Wauwasuair, the 24th Instant, they will be ready to rei "oeive Tenders in writing (sealed up), and treat for _ . gistrates in the discharge of their ordinary duties; of the Thames Police-office, with an establishment of about ninety officers, for the protection of property, and themaintenance •f order, on the river; and of the Bow-street office, which, acting under the directions of the Secretary of State for the Home Department, has the immediate superintendence of the effective force ap• plicable to the general purposes of police ifs the metro• polis and its neighbourhood, With the exception of the' , City of London. This force is di`vided into three classes—the horse patrol, patrolling the great roads within about twenty miles of the metropolis; the dismounted patrol, stationed in the environs ; and the font patrol, charged with the duty of patrolling the streets by night and by day. The extent of each of these establishments, the annual expense, and the nature of the particular duties assigned to each, will be found fully set forth in the Appendix. strong ground for attempting an improvement in that systrtn. But your Committee deem it of great importance to call the attention of the House, first, is the result of the ioquiries of foriner Committees; and secondly, to the evidence which your COmmittee has recently received, both tending to confirm those impressions as to the im perfection of the present system which might result from abstract reasoning. First, as to the inquiries of former Committees : In 1772, a Committee was appointed to inquire into the several burglaries and robberies committed in Lon don and Westminster. Sir John Fielding was examined before that Cinn mktee, and being asked what he thought of the'mode of watching the town, replied, that the watch was in sufficient ; that their duty was too hard, and their pay too small ; that the watch of • Westminster !sari evvy parish under a separate commission : that commissioners of the respective parishes appoint the beats of the watch without Conferring together, which leaves the frontiers of each parish in a confused state; for; that'llieve one, side of a street lies in'one parish, and 'the other side in another parish, the watchman of one ►itfe cannot lend any assistance to poisons on the other side, othei than as a private person. except in cases of felony. Being asked what remedies he ctAlld suggett, he de livered in a paper, from which the following is an FRENCH' PAPERS. FROM Till ClAZertg DE FRANC 2; SEPT. 7. CONSTANTINOPI.R. Nun. it. The latest accou: is from the theatre cf war speak only of partial combats, because the Russians seem to intend to wait for the arrival f theirreserve and of the guard, bd . )re they undertake a fegular attack on Schumla. All these unconnecfrd . actions ire repre .ented in the Turkish rep its as having been favourable to the Ottoman arms. Thus the Russians are said to have made, on the I.t of August, an attack on Salmis, in which they are reported to have been repulsed. with a considerable loss in killed and wound ed, sod of taro pieces of cannon. A divi•ion of the hesalaiiary is re 'aced to bare particularly distinguished itself on Ibis occasi.in. An attack made on the voila : tad. Schumla is stated to have had no better stmt..% Two Hundred Sacks of Kiln clrid Household FLOUR, Three Thousand Sacks of BISCUIT MEAL, Eighteen Toes of BUTTER, Twenty Tons of CHEESE, Thirty Tons of TOBACCO, Thirty Tons of COCOA, flaie Hundred Tons of Muscovado SUGAR, 'nail Tons of MOTTLED SOAP, Thirty Tons of New OATMEAL, and Vne Hundred Thousand Gallons a West India RUM. t'o he delifered Into the Victualling Stores at Deptford, one hall l'...heressiby the 10th . day of October next, and the remainder by ' 'the ttili dry of that Month. Samples of the Cocoa and Oatmeal must be produced by the Party tendeeing ; Samples of the 'Tobacco, Soap, and Sugar, and "the Conditions orilie several Contracts, may be seen at this Mr. Each Tenddr mutt specify the price in words at length,.and be ' delivered before One o'Clock on the day appointed; and the Person wbo makes the Tender, or some Person on his b.balf, must attend to answer When called for. M. IVALLER CLIZ4TOY. . A vessel arrived yebterday finis) Odessa reports that on the 7th a heavy cannonade was heard, proceeding from Vsrna, whence it is rebuoted that the . &Issuing bad again attic Iced tlfat'sitate. It has alco been, seposted since ymyerday, Oat the Capitan Pacha has teen wounded. Thit bessaery of that Of is the several actions near Varna is highly' extolled. • The accounts from Asia are less favnuiable; Kars and A nape ate certainly taken ; Et zereum is threatened I and it is feared the Porte will lose Poti.t the last far• treu it possesses orr the east coast of the Black Sea. In additlen — to these establishments is the nightly watch, to which is committed, in a great degree, the maintenanceof the public peace, and the guardianship of the persons and property of the inhabitants of the metropolis and its vicinity, during that period of the 44 hours when they are most exposed to danger. It is scarcely necessary to state, that the watch, where it exists, is a parcichial establishment. Each parish, which has authority for that purpose, regulates its own watchmen, and defrays the expense incurred by , them by a tate levied on the inhabitants. In some parishes, through the meritorious exertions of individual residents, the system of Watching is well conducted. Due attention is paid to the selection of persons properly qualified in point of age and strength to act As watchmen ; and a proper controul appears to be exercised over the performance of their duties. But the systein, as a whole, is defective ; and, in the opinion of your Committee, the time is now come when a de termined effort must be made to effect a decisive change in it. Your Committee are well aware that'in effecting this change there may be serious difficulties to encounter — the difficulties of changing ancient usages, of 'simpli fying a complicated system, of arranging troublesome deta of transferring to one department a sort of pa- Itrunage p:iwer which is now exercised by many. But these difficulties must be encountered it it be in tended to tut tote an efficient system of police in this great so.tropolis, for the adequate protection of pro petty. and for she prevention and detection of crime. Your Committee earnestly entreat the attention of the I House to the argument, to the evidence, and to the au thority on which their proposition will be founded. If they can prove to the satisfaction of the House and the country, that the present system is, and must continue to be defective—that its condemnation has been the almo Cnnifoim result of previous inquiries, and that a better systoles) can be adopted, probably at a less ex pense, with no new restraint on the liberty , of the sub ject--the wilt have made a most Material' advance towardarhe important object for 'which they were ap pointed, although no legislative measure should be im mediately founded on their suggestions. Nothing can more facilitate the ultiMate adoption of such a measure, and the succ-ssful operation of it, after it shall have been adoptei, than a general conviction in its favour, the result of full inquiry and mature delibe 'Mon. In the observations which your Committee are about tO offer, they will speak in the first instance of the me tropolis, exclusive of that part of it which is within the jurisdiction of the city of London. Thiy must consider it with reference to no definitive boundary, by which the limits of many cities can be determined, but as an iMmeuve . aggregate of houses,. extending on many:ides for several miles in almost a continuous succession, and containing several hundred I thousands of inhabitants. The inquiries of the Committee have "extended to many parishes, which, strictly speaking, are not part of the metropolis, but still are situated within that district over which any general system of police 'that may be established ought to extend. It could not be effectual unless it included the large villages and towns in the tighbourhood of the metropolis, and the intervening CROTON TIGLIUM OIL. 'TN consequence of the repeated complaints made by Professional Gentlemen Of the disappointments they meet with in their practice, and the danger to . 'which their Patients are exposed, in consequence of a spurious article sold for Croton Tiglium Oil, the Hosiourable Board of l►ia llajestjer Stamp Duties have ordered a Plate with the name of " Arthur Short, No. it, llatcliff Highway," engraved thereon, corisequently such only to which this Stamp is affixed will be genuine ; it is hojsed this will counteract the abuse alluded to, and secure to the Patentee his interest therein, whose introduction of it hitb Faitispe his been attended with much expense, time, and labour. For 'very Valuable' . information on the subject of °this Medicine, the Public is referred, to the London Medical and, Physical Journal for . August, 18115.: and to a Letter from M. Majendie to the " Academie des Sciences de l'lnstitur de France," and to Professor Frost's Work on Croton Tiglium Oil. Arthur Short begs to acquaint, the public that he has appointed Messrs. Butler, sole Agents for the above article, and that it can be had at their Establishments in London, Dublin, and Edinburgh, and of the principal Druggists in the Kingdom. Of wbom also lacy be had the Cateron PILLS, prepared from the Oil, singularly ..powerful as a Cathartic Medicine, never failing to act on the Bowels, however obstinate the constipation, if no mechanical ob• struction exists; they are also peculiarly efficacious in Bilious At tacks and habitual Costiveness. One Pill Is the ordinary Dose for .an Adult; but Persons of strong Constitutions may repeat it in three hours, if the first dose does not operate. Er lie carers' and observe the words " Arthur Short, No. 11, Rate& Highway," is engraved on the Government Stamp. extract: " The watch of Westminster is extremely defective; the 'lumber ought to be increased, their pay aug mented. and Vie whole direction of them put under one commission ; and that commission should be Magis• trams of the city and liberty of Westminster." The Committee. •after receiving his evidence. came to several resolution!, of which the foll Owing is one: " That it is the opinion of this C irimitiee. that the number of watchmen should be increased—another method adopted for appointipt themtheir beats should be less extensive—their duty be Made general—and that they should be put under one general direction." In 1763 a Committee was appointed to inquire into the state of the nightly watch within the city and liberty of Westminster. &NMI*. Ape. 2.. • The Marquis de Cararhin,. - sr yountstaff bffictr, ar rived bete yesterday, on board the Piulomela schooner. We have received the following news from AleiandJim, dated the Stbof July. • " The English brie of war the Rifleman arrived from Corfu with dispatches from Ibrahim Pacha, in which he aik's leave to quit the Mores, as he has no means of supporting hii army, and the rigovx of the blockade does not allow him to hype for relief. The Viceroy leaned to be io great perplexity, and to wait for fresh orders from the Porte. It was generally believed that he would never decide against the will of the Sultan. All the vessels that returned tsom Naiariii have been put in a condition to put to sea, and Make a very re spectable force." AKE'S G PILLS, justly famous tot JLAI curing, in all its stages, the VTINEREA I. DISEASE 'Due emall fill is a dose, and the taking of one Box, in a recent 'case, will soon convince the patient of the certainty of his speedy recovery. Nothing can be better contrived, more safe, or more _A:convenient than this ; Remedy, for such as are obliged tc go joetnies pr to sea, as it needs no confinement nor restraint of Diet • and sixty years tiaperience On an extensive practice) has proved ;ha; it sin effect a Cure When repeated Sklivatiim • and all other methods avail nothing. For die Scurvy and other Chronical Disorders; this Medicine has not its parallel: Upwards of 40,000 persons -of both sexes have been radically cured of the •akove cruel disor.: ders, within the last "eight years. Prepared and sold by the sole proptietors, T. TAYLOR andtON, Members of the Royal Col lege of Surgeods, 'at 'their Monte, No. 9, New Bridge-street, in' Sines. di only fts. 9d. each, duty included.-.—N.B. Two hick loors, and Lights .ip the Passages at night..-They are also said, ty their appointment, with copious directions, ait the Toy-shop, 103, Oxford-street; Mr. Disborough's, No. 7, Fish-street-bill; Warty oppohitethe Monument ; sad by one Person in every tOo-* si lembie Town. in Great Britain and lalind. Adelee grog to 1), Tr au' taking the above, or other-of the Proprietor's Medicines. FROM THI MESSAGER DEI Sari'. 6. PARIS. Sart. S. . • The Lyons Gaulle contains the following article—. Toquits, Att0..,30. "The Galathee frigate has just anchored hete, with Admiral Collet on beard, who returns frOm Algiers in ill health. Captain de 1a Bretonniere, who is. to corn maed.the blockade in his stead, sailed two days ago, on board.fhe Faun brig. " Every thing is ready for the second expedition. The last transports hired at Marseilles (60 in number) arrived yesterday. The embarkation of the troops and baggage has already commenced. This division is to. sail on the Ist of September. A third and much fame numerous expedition it talked.of, to take place in the " have of September. It is affirmed that transports have been hired in the ports on the Ocean, and in those of Italy." - Fewest Finams—Pmus, Sees. 6.—Five per Cents. lost. 70c. 75c.—Three per Cents. 73:: 65c. 7 SC. 70c.—Naples Stock, 79f. BoYal SPaaish Loa% 751.--Haytian Loan, 6231. 73c. —Rubor on London, one ntontb,osE !M.—Three months, 451. 15e..—Cows deithelatifre. Tbls place I. known to kne been taken the 27th df July. A MORNING ADVENTURE: . 011, TO THR TAVERN BY INSTINCT. k order'd a chaiseit was night, and her Qdeen Had silver:d dm landscape of Nature divinely,. " A drive to the country!" be paid, setent, Inhaling each ArPhyr, of fragrance, supinely The‘rehicle lard in, a 4tiery atomic. His Hoots by the let of high splendour embrac'd. Wheb bnish'd the ride, fors frolic preparing, Unfasining one deer, from she other he past; 'Alighting—his shsdow each Boot in, while glaring, The post-boy deserted, and he steed all aghast? For demons they ssem'd, of mystetious pursuits,— One fare ko the Chaise, and two more blots. Boots! The buy nowitreseging disaster surprising, Stood fist, whik his fare at the opposite doer Usinotied re-rotted, and, features disguising, Alighted *galls ; while the Soots; es before, The Visions dhplay'd-.—and the boy, while he might, Now wooder'd kor many feb,lmpe would slight! - Once more round the chaise with due caution he peed, And euteed the.opposite door once again ; Alighting, a third time, by Devils embrac'd , • His Boots as they seened, he no more could restrain An impulse, the Bay, of horrific dismay. So horses deserting, be now ran awayl Nor patted, nor yet knew where his terrors bad sped him; , "I was instinct, perhaps to a tavern that led him! ' 4 0, give me mons drink ! for of devib a kgion Dee carried, my chaise in, tho . only One fare, • A Hundred at least have come out. I can swear. And thoirsends the veldele still are besieging." Each terror reniev*d that the Post-boy beset. I'lis•theme isa—al The devil's in Wastes's Ane Jet!" TAM Easy Shining and Brilliant BLACKING Prepared by 30, STRAND, London; And sold in every Town in the Kingdom. I_LAUID in Bottles ' 6d. 10d. 19d. and 11141. each. Also PASTE IILACKINti, in Puts, 6d. 12d. and 18d. each. I*. Be Particular to iniuire•for ROB:. WAItIt E N 30, STRAND. Li t 0115(53 ACE courcvsersar. • T ;• Al 1 ir * i • Re i 3 . 7 **: th , b • sir t. at 0, w *4 cil ..... tv Kr Ii et 0 MB } P MI sok ags L ...... L N. 1 ..--- air THE; VOLIOE OF THE M ETROPOLIS. (Continued from the Sum of yesterday.) Report of the Select Committee appointed to inquire into the Cisme of the *lncrease in the Number of Commitments and Con victions in London and Middlesex, and into the State of the Peace of the Metropolis, and of the districts adjoining thereto. MEAEUESS ADVISABLE YOE THE ISIFEOFEMENT OF THE OEVERAL POLICE. Your Committee have reserved for the last head of their report, the suggestion of such measures as it may b•• advisable to adopt for the improvement of the ge• serisl police of the metropolis and its neighbourhood. The various establishments connected with the police ate so fully detailed in the Report _of the Coalmines. which Was appointed in the year 1822, that it is orate ce.sary to trier to them in detail in this Report. It is well ke , ,Wi l that the City of London has a separate 'New of police and of *etch by night, under the coo trout of the municipal authotities. In the city of Westminster (liege is an establishiaent of eighty constablrs, annually chosen at a Court But k ebbef, from lietsiins .carrying on trade, who ast permitted under critiia regulations W perfcrin the of fice by deputy. • The active evratitis "of these• constables,' with rein 'nice to the detest on and i.unishnieut of offenders, tidie I.ien in 4seot measure superseded by the stipeo that y police. Tn s consists of seven offices of polite, etch Orrick hg over a certain district, with a fitted nuniber of . owi r attaibeif io each, for the assistance of the MA. space. • The observations of your Committee will therefore generally extend to a district, the centre of which is some point in the middle of the Metropolis, with a radius of eight or ten miles, excluding for the present the city of London. The charge and police of this important and popn- Irons district, tie constant resort of innumerable stran- Igers, of characters totally unknown, of no filed resi dence, and in respect to whom no conttoul can be, or -(while they obey the laws) ought to be exercised, is committed during the night, almost exclusively eithet to the parocttial authorities, to Commissioners appoint ed wider local Acts. or to the voluntary exertions of the inhsbitains, acting respectively in their several .parishes. The total number of men employed by night as foot patrol, under the orders of the Bow-street office, doei not exceed —. If each perish had full power, by law, to establish an efficient watch, and it each parish exercised that power with itx greatest judgment and discretion, still there would be 110 unity of system and no security for mutual conceit and co-operation. • • But at present, while in some few parishes the watch is well regulated, in others it is very imperfectly coos , Winced ; and in many there appears no regular estab.' %haw= of watch whatever. The 'exertions of the parishes which are well rep. Mated defeated, iri a material degree, by the its. - slifference. and neglect of their neighbours. The regulations, as to the wages of' watchmen, as to the hoists of their attendance, as to the' personal qoalifiv cations requisite. depend Upon no fixed rale, but vary at . iht discretion of the local authorities. la some parisbett. preference ii given to persons, who, if nit employed 'is watchmen, Would be chargeable to the poor rates; in Imany,liom considerations of charity, and the natural iinivillingriess to dismiss an old servant on account of I :ia6rmity.. watchmen are continued, who are mabitestly disabled by age or infirmity for the proper discharge of their duties. It appears to your - Committee, that the pes inip4ou is Ira y strung, withisat,auy evioence as t ,'at titular facts, that the present system of providing by night for the police of a great city and its vicinity is a; .erective one. The absence of all union, of all general Controttl and “,divined responsibility; the number r f criminal eons doittnenis, the *regency of dapredatidn, writthot detec .ioa of the bffeaders,aronfld:colistitite letifitfiselvei a This Committee re,olved— 11 That the present mode of watching, and pay of the watchmen, is very irregular and various, and ought to be put under proper regula tions. That it would tend to the safety of the inha bitants of the city and liberty of Westminster, if a re gular and uniform watch, with patrols, was established under proper. regulations." In 1812, the defective state of the nightly watch of .Westminister again occupied the attention of the, House. Very atrocious murders had very recently been com mitted ; and a general alarm, inducing great tempo rary exertions and precautions, pervaded the rnetropo• lis. The following are extracts from the Report of this Conimittee -44 Your Committee have not failed to observe that the city of London, from the nature of its Magistracy, the description of its various public officers, the gradation and solsordination'of their various classes, the division and subdivision-of its local limits, affords an example of that ;Linty, and of that depende nce of parts on each other, without which no well-constructed and efficient system cf police can ever be expected. If such a system could be successfully imitated in Westminster and its; liberties, and . within the other adjacent patithes whit b' have hitherto formed an unconnected mass of scattered and uncontrouled local authorities, considerable benefit: Might be expected to ensue; for your Committee are disposed to concur in opinion with several of the wie. nesses, that a well-arranged system of sulierintendaoca, vigilance, and contrail, would tend More to the pct 'mien of virile., by tendering it difficult to commit them, than any degree of activity in the pursuit and conviction of criminals after the crime has been com mitted ; at all events, however, the two systems are not only not incompatible, but Would necessarily afford mutual aid and assistance to each other." After observing that the statute of 14 Geo.III. c. 90, regulates the watch of certain parishes, the Committee proceeds to state, that other parishes or hamlets are go verned by particular acts of Parliament, authorizing the raising of rates for watching and lighting, and vesting powers in certain commissioners or vestries for carrying these purposes into effect ; but in manycases,the execution of the law is extremely defective, and ie some cases the power of raising money is inadequate: in others, the foil amount is not levied; the mode of watching generally bad, and the men employed, both in number and abtlity,wholly inefficient for the purpose. In other parishes there is no legislative provision, and upon the whole, no uniform system prevails; and nei ther the magistracy ncr the Goveroment have at pre• sent any connexion whatever with the state of the watch, and no controul or superintendence over it. It would appear that this statute of the 14th George 111. c. 90, has been very little known, or very loosely examined, and considered; for many r f the witnesses whom we have examined, and many of the projects which have been submitted to our consideration, sug r gest, as valuable improvements, the very principles aad very details which are enicuced, by substantive ena:tiv went, in this very statute. Your Committee feel that much would be done by merely extending the provisions of the 14th Geo. 111. to the adjacent • parishes in and near the metropotis,' which should be particularly described; provided it fere duly execisted; but they are convinced that it may re ceive very beneficial amendments, for the details of which they would refer to the Appendix, stating here only, thar, in many instances, it may be absolutely ne cessary to give powers for levying a higher rate them is now allowed, in order to defray the expense arising from an increase of the numbers or wages of the per sons employed in different capacities in the nightly watch ; your Committee being strongly 'impres sed with the opinion of the expediency, if not n ece ss ity , of reliev ing the watch once at feast in the night. But the main improvementof this law would consist in creating a superintending power, to whose discretion should be intrusted the dismissal of the persons -Ap pointed by the,parochial authoritie s in cases of miscoa• duct, negligence, or inability, and to , shom it should belong to enforce generally, it necessary, the due exe cution of this Act; for, with all the other proposed amendments, it cannot escape observation that this sys tem would still remain imperfect, and very inferior iii efficacy to that which subsists within the city of London (properly so called); there would still remain that wain of unify—that want of dependence of parts on each other—that want of a general superintendence and `contrail,. without which every system of government aunt be imperfect. (To be continued,) • GERMAN PAPERS. CONSTANTINOPLE, Auo. it. The Reis Effendi said lately to an Earopeati Drago. man—" The Sultan will take the field at the head of his people, and the issue of the contest is in Goat's hand." The sole season of the deferring of the departure of the Grand Vizier fron Daud Pacha to Adrianople is said to be. that the Sultan's astrologers declared the first days of the month Safar to be unlucky. The Sab tan's resolution was approved by the greet men et . the empire. but, as it seems, not by the lower daises. The line of defence from Silistria to Teikas, near Kara haerna, is ,no other than the old position occupied by the Emperor Anastasius in 582, but which at that time did not answer the end proposed. The Sultan has spared tilt life of Salinas Pacha, of Brailow, but has banished him to Mitylene. The army of the Grand Vizier consists of 8,000 Asiatics, 4,000 regulars, and 4,000 militia, all pretty well armed. While the Sultan is at Remosch niche, his harem will be removed to the seraglio of his sister in the suburb of Ejub. The European officers who attended Hussein Pacha to Schumla to teach the troops the new exercise, are for the Most part come back. It seems they have been sent away, from distrust. However, they directed the measures of Jr f. lice that ate now begun. According to theii account, t is campaign is attended with many difLu ties t.) the Russians. The Cossacks it seems. are no match for the Spahis ; and as the 'rinks in their retreat lay waste every thing, there is ti..thing to ratify their love of plunder. The airman, too. forbiddinic the Tut ks to cut off the heads and ears of the enemy, is not cartied into effect by Hussein P ich4, and this serves to inflame the fury of the Sp.iiiii. The enemy's ;only, it is added, is not well supplied with provisi..us. ....... ODUSSA, Asia. Is. In c onsequence f c.. Lae events, an order of the Go vernment hali been publibhed at the Cubtom-hou.e, by which the exportation of torn is prohibited from every port of the Black Sea. COPENHAGEN. Auc.. 30.. The marriage of the Princess Wilhelminn Maria to Prince FrecJ. rick Charles Christian is said to be fixed for the 7th of November. STOCKHOLM, Aua. 29. We understand that the opening ut the Diet it find lot the 4th of November mu. EXCHANGES ON LONDON. HAMBURG* EOM. 5.-•••13 11#; IWO muuths, is 10. L&irsw, Sim I.—Three wombs. 6 141. BOMAR, Seer. S.—Three months, 6 24*. Vaamm*, Atm. 1 7.—Three months, 9 18. 76441 THE HAMBURGH *!PORTER OP SKI'? 5. The Prussian State Gazette of yereiday contiini in article from °lsis', dated the '24t ult. in whit h an' account is given nt a Te Deum haw n; been celebiaied in the Cathedral, in presence's)! the whole Court, in con sequence of the recent cipture of the fortress of Achal• kalaki, near Achalzik, on the f.outiets of Georgia. CONSTANTINOPIA Auctisr 13. Yesterday the Sutton soltrunly announced that he would shortly march into the field, test:cher with the sd •a ....-• id&