Star. — London, England, 1805-09-13 00:00:00

NAUTICAL INTELLIGENCE. MAILS THIS DAYr.Wind W. S. W. ARR. DM All. DUI bubiill I i Hamburgh 0 3 'W ate rf u rd 1 z Gottenburgh o s Lilbon 0 0 PENZANCE, SEPT. M.—Since my laa arrived and lltiled again on a cruize, his Majefly's armed cutter JOIN BULL. Arrived the Dolphin revenue cutter J , Hs, and remains. Sailed the Drake cutter, FEll- SIS, for Weymouth ; the Nancy, EDWARDS ;—the s,lena, Cot-ct NS ; and the Ayr, GRENFELT, fur Swan fea ; and this morning the floop Tartar from Cork, with butter, &c. for Falmouth and Plymouth. PLYMOUTH, SEPT. t I.—Came in the ./Eot.us, of sz guns, with a fleet of vietualler:, from the Chan nel Fleet. POSTsMOUTH, SFPT. 12.—Arrived his Majefly's p LIL, Captain WALKER, from the North Sea ._ • _ and the BARBADOES (formerly la Braave), Captain NoußSE,from the Weft Indies. She parted (it is faid) f-om the homeward hound fleet, in a gale of vt int.!, off the Banks of Newfoundland on the 23th ult. A large 114, under Priiffian colours, is tent in by the DAR • 5, and put under quarantine at the Niotherbank Ntcsou is not yet come down. The Diadem armed (hip, with 9 fail of tranfports, are ordered for the Downs.—Winn N. W. D7m., &rt.. 12.—Sailed this day for the River , the Gleton, Neptune, Alnwick Cattle, Waltham flow, Lord, Cafllcreagh, Royal Charlotte, Ocean, Lady Jane Dundas, Cirencener, Thames, Taunton . . Ca Lady Burgers, Experiment, And Alexander Call-India (hips ; alfo, the Ai-intim:6, of 64 guns, lc: - the Nore ; Snipe gun brig, for Yarmouth ; UR A- N:E frigate for Spithead, and the Ttufly, Railleur, Hermes, and Speedy floops of war, Volcano bomb, r senior', Bloodhound and Sparkler gun brigs, on a c-uize off Boulogne. CHATHAM, SEPT. 13.—Tuefday his Majetty's (hip '.. THESEUS, came up to Longreach, where fhe was ftript ; and on Thurfday was all ready for warping up to Chatham. The exertion to get the hair ready for favice is unparalleled, (he is now coppered and s• !li ncme out of Dock next Springs. The Alkmaar did not run aground going, down on Monday, as fisted in our lall, but from Ler being fo deeply la e.cn, they were obliged to let, go an anchor, as the (hip yid not anfwer her port helm fufficiently quick. A party of Royal Marines march this day, from hence to Woolwich, to form the new divilion. The Staff is completely appointed. YAYMOUTH, SEPT. 12.—Yeflerday P. M. arrived from Gottenburgh the Auckland packet, Captain T:fomas BRIDGE, with mails ; the packet has this morning failed for Harwich, to attend duty. Ad• rniral Sir HEART DOUGLAS is espeded here this day, to hoifi his flag on board the ROEBUCK, of 44 guns, Capt. Miltirmsy.—Wind S. W. FROM LLOYD'S LIST. GI% AVVEND, SEPT. ta...-Paffed by the Fame, Bzker, and the Sir William Benffey, —, from Bengal; Recovery, Georgiana, and the Ganges, from the South Seas; Robert and Sarah, Wilfon, from Tonn:ngen ; John, Langley ; Ifabella, Lamb; Jane, Scott ; Peggy. Chapman, and •he Meaburn, Mealourn, from Quebec ; and Uriana,. Warren, from ArchangeL—Sailed the Thirutatus, .---, for Varell ; St. Patrick, Campbell, and the W;lliam, tl.Crea, for Bettaft; Dolphin, Ratinbladt, for Gotteubtirg ; Lootm-n, Gerdes, and the Vrow Margaretlica, Brake, for Too ninzen. ARI:WED—In Standgate Creek, the Polen Baum, from Leghorn ; and the Hope, Peterfon, from Naples. Off DoYer,Al fred, Patch, from Virginia ; and the Shannon,. Daniels, from 1.1. rnerick. At Briffol, Atalanta, from Q..!ebee. At Liver. pool, Warren, Booth, from Quebec; Fanny, Connell, from Jamai ca ; Venus, Andrews, from New Orleans ; Providence, Smith, from Gibraltar t Bath, Sandliam, from Maffac,hufetts ; Two Bro thers, Miller, from Riga ; and the George, Williams, from New York. In the Clyde. Ardent, erofthvraite, from New York. At New York, Omit, front London ; Chatham, Warren; Loral, Broker ' • and the Pallas, —, from Liverpool. At Bof tun, Prefident, Boyd, from Liverpool. At New Orleans, Comet, --, from Liverpool. At Newfoundland. Hippocampie,--.. from Liverpool. At Viana, Difpatels, Ford, from Newfoundland. At St. Helena, Maria Caroline, Stedman, from China. At Poole, Harmony, Payne, from Newfoundland. The Lilly maft.fhip, arrived at Halifax, from Bay of Fundy, 28th July, and expedled to fail in a few days, in company with the brigantines Experiment, Trimmer, and Trolly, for Jamaica, under convoy of his Majefty's (hip MERMAID. The Hamlet, —, from Liverpool for Virginia, is on !bore near the King's Dock, Liverpool. The Clip Admiral Gardner, Capt. SA L'EW F I. L, (Mt. ward bound, had arrived at St. Helena previous to the 2.oth of July lall. The (hip Indus, Captain Wm.:Dori, failed from Madras on the 23d of April, and arrived at the ifland of St. Helena on the 2oth of July laft. Sir EDWARD PELLIw has in contemplation a plan for forming fome light veffels on a new conftruainn, which will render effential fervice to Linn in his grand defign of blockading the file of France. Lens OF THE BnDDINGTON.--Arefterday the Bo& dington Weft lndiaman (a very fine fhip) of Soo tons, was wrecked near Blackwall, in attempting to enter the Well India Docks. This (hip had a rope fixed to a Swedilh merchant (hip, kill below the entrance of the Docks, which rope giving way, the Bodding. ton fwung upon the Rock of Blackwall, where every attempt to get her up has as yet proved ineffetlual. They cut away her math, Bcc. but her cargo (which 4 very conhderable) will be totally ruined. Thee who will not, when Fortune offers, Hold to her band their empty coffers, Allay well lament when others Baia What they've negleCted to obtain. The golden opportunity afforded by the prefent Lottery of gaining a princely fortune for a fmall ad venture, is Web as none &add neglea. This Lot terv, of comparatively a fmall number of Tickets, poffefT.:, in great Prizes One Hundred and Thirty Mon /and!ouzels! ! in (malt Prizes A inety ihorfand Pound, ! ! and gives for Blank: Thirty Thoufand P.ilmeit I The diftribution of thofe Capital sums will begin on the 30th of the prefent moutu, THE POLITICAL MAP OF EUROPE. LETTER IV. Sir—Having pointed out in my lafl letter, the evil effeds of our inattenion to the principles of the balanc ing fyftem, it may not be amifs to particularize the inftances wherein the remands of the Continental powers has contributed to furnifh encouragement to the aggrandifement of France. For this purpofe we ought to keep our eyes fleadfafily fixed on the Map of Europe previous to the French revolution, and contrail it with the Map of France fince the Treaty of Luneville. The power of France was flationary from the peace of Fontainhlean, in 1762, until the rupture with the continental Rates in 1792. During thole 3o years, that nation never manifefted any dif polition for the revival of the ambitious projea of univerfal empire, with which it had been juftly re poached in the days of Lewis XIV. . The American war is no exception to this truth ; for, notwithfland ing the fplendour with which the French navy role from its ruins, and the efforts that were fuccefsfully made by the Court of Verfailles to wren out of our hands, our Trans-Atlantic poffeffions ; yet, thefe ef forts were directed rather by the defire of weakening the power of its ancient rival, than of acquiring a do minion that fhould prove dangerous to the refl of Europe. It was an endeavour to wipe away the deep humiliation which France had incurred at Fontain bleau. I am, therefore, juflified in affuming that in hat interval of 3o years, from 1762, until the com mencement of the revolution war, the power of France was flationary ; fufficiently formidable to command the 'Tilted: of its neighbour., and to in lure its own independence. Very different, however, were the views and rela tive fituation of France, for a century previous to the WI of thole epochs: From the treaty of Weflphalia and from the Pyrenean, to the accetlion of KingWiL• LlAtt to the Britiffi throne, the power and ambition of France had growr. up together, and had become exorbitant. No efforts had been made fufficient to reduce, fcarce any fufficient to refill her power : no meafures had been concerted, no preparations had been made, to difappoint her ambition in that great obj: ft, the acquifit ion, of the Spann Monar chy to the Houfe of BOURBON. From the aced . - fion of King WILLIAM. this alarm was taken; the fpirit of our Court was-changed ; the eyes of our peo ple were opened; and all men law how neceffary it was to preferve, in concert with the Spaniards, the fuc ceffion of their monarchy to the Houfe of AUSTRIA, inflead of fuffering it to .fall into that of BOURBON, which was excluded from it by the moll folemn en gagements. The fyftem which was then adopted, and which was continued with vigour, by the fuc ceffors of King WI LLt Alif, was railed upon the balls of maintaining in its full integrity, the balance of power ; one of the principal parts of which confined in preventing an union of France and Spain under one monarch, and confequently, in oppoling as much as pnflib'e the influence of the former over the latter. The feparation of the Spanifh from the Imperial crown, and the difputes which followed between the courts of Madrid and Vienna, refßeding the do minion of Italy, finally threw Spain into the arms of France. For the family compad, which refulted from the relationfhip between the two branches of the houfe of Botranom, and which fo clofely united them, was a circumflance accidental and fubordinate to the former. From the moment of her feparation from Auf tria, Spain became a dependant on France, by which the has ever fince been ruled. It was not therefore the tail will of CHARLES 11. which routed all Europe to arms, fa much as the apprehenfion, that from the union of France and Spain, Lewis was laying the foundation of a future dominion over all Europe.— On this account we perfevered in the reign of Queen Am 2, during the grand alliance war, to ftruggle againft the influence of France, until by the petty in trigues of a bed-chamber woman, the great men, who formed the glorious and fuccefsful adminiftra lion of thofe times, were difmilred from their nations. It was then that Lawts broke off the Congrefs of Ger truydenberg, at which he had offered to renounce his connection with Spain, becaufe he was aware, that [ the new Miniflers of the Qtyen were refolved at all hazards to conclude a peace, for the fake of fecuring their places. There never was any event in the annals of this country attended with more difgraceful confequences to England, or followed by more fatal effe.ts to Eu. rope in general. After having waged war againft France for twenty•five years, with a very fhort inter val between them; after having (trained every nerve to defeat the fcheme of ambition which fhe had opened to berfelf, and of danger to all her neighbours, by the Pyrenean Treaty, the Peace of Utrecht left her as powerful as before ; and the two branches of the Houk of BOURBON, like the two branches of the Houle of AuSTRIA in the preceding century, became infeparable allies, united by blood and by joint am bition. Thus, a hafe intrigue in our Cabinet, fo. mented and encouraged by the machinations of the French Court, defpoiled us of the faireft opportunity that ever prefented itfelf for humbling the power of and iliffolving the,connexion between France and Spain. The confequences were forefeen and deplored by thofe ftatefmen who underfluod their country's in. tereft ; and by none more fully thin the illuitrious Duke of MAILLBOI:OUGH : " If, " faid he • in one of his letters to Sir Roan? Wiitrote, el thefe new fchemers are fond of a peace, they are not very der terous ; for, moft certainly, what is doing in Eng. land will be a great encouragement to France for the continuing the warp'* Notwithftanding-the feducive fophiftry of Bort NG BROKE, and the prrenfions of Halt Lar, both of whom endeavoured to impofe the belief that upon the death of the nivel or Jos E PH, fame of the principal allies would not confent that his brother and fucceffor the Archduke CHAR t us, thould be Emperor of Germany and King of Spain (the argument which thofe Mini tiers alledged to prove the neceffity of a peace). yet it is plain, that the difinclination• of thofe allies to carry on the war, arofe from their want of confidence in thole men, who had fupplanted an adminiftration which had refolutely and fuccefsfully ftruggled to reduce the power of Prance. The terms that Law., offered at Gertruydenberg, are tatting evidences of the fart. For the change had no fooner taken place in the. miniftry, than the manly tone and high de termination. of our Councils underwent an ignomi nious change. The lullaby Song of Peace was warbled by the new Minifiers, and re-echoed by the people. Our Papers, Political Trails, and Parliamentary Speeches, opened their inveftives againft the ambition, bigotry, and felfifbnefs, of the houfe of Aufiria, our natural ally ; and teemed with the c,intemptible cant of the magnitude of the public debt, the burthen of taxes, the ezhanftion of our refnurces, and the reit of the Hate category of popular impoftures, by which the ambitious have too often deceived the good fenfe of a brave and high minded people. Events loon proved the filthy of thefe notions ; fur the quadruple alliance, and all the fubfcquent quarrels that fpeedily followed after each other, owed their origin to, and were meant to re pair the mifadventure of the difgraceful peace of Utrecht. From this detail, we may eafily trace the origin, and account for the prorefs of that influence which France, to this hour, ezercifes over Spain. That it cannot be afcribed to the family compaft, every one muft acknowledge who recolleets that that compact ;vas dill'ulved in 1793, under circumftances of com plicated infult and outrage to every branch of the Houle of BOURBON, as well as of impending danger to Spain herfelf. Yet, notwithftanding this danger, and in the face of thofe tragedies, the deepeft that ever were ailed upon the blood-Rained theatre of hu man affairs, in which the life blood of the head of the BOURBON line was poured out to gratify the fan guinary zeal of demagogues affecting the character of Republicans, and the left male defcendant of an other inflations branch of the BOURBONS fell by a midnight murder, under the bullets of a Corfican Adventurer, aping Royalty, and ufurping the throne of his legitimate fovereign ; we have beheld the Ca binet of Madrid, abandoning all her family regards, laying her treafures at the feet of the bloody and re bellious regicide, facrifice her commerce, expofe her coatis and habours to the arms of England, rifle and lofe her fleets by fighting the battles of the enemy and affaffin of her houfe, and receive inftruftions of policy and government from his Jacobin reprefenta tive. But even thefe are not the loweft humiliations of the Spanifh branch of the Houfe of 800 Raton. As the price of his degradation, the Sovereign of Spain and of the two Indies, has gratefully received for his fon, and repaid with fealty and fervice the boon of a crown which the ufurper has been gracioufly pleafed to confer upon him, out of the offals of the fpoils of Italy. Amid(' the languor and vicitGtudes of human power, has ever any country appeared in fuch an abjea [late ? Amidft the intenfe perverfity of the af fairs of Europe, can any reafonable motive be affign ed for this egregious impolicy, this lafting flame and profanation of all national honour ? Why (tumid crouching fervility fupply the place of honeft indignation ? It may be urged, that the vicinity of France to Spain, and the diftance of the latter from the reft of Europe, mutt make her dependent on France. To this I anfwer, that tittle very circum. (lances (abftrafting the confederation of there moral and political caufes which have funk into debility that once far famed country) are the moll natural motives for the exiftence of perpetual jealoufy be tween them. It is this fame plea of vicinity, which nonrifhes the jealoufy between Auftria and Pruffia ; which has caufed, and will, I troll, for ever, keep it up between every true-born Engli(bman and the (late of France. This argument, therefore, will not apply to the cafe before as ; and we are now con. ftrained to account for the political phenomenon upon other grounds. In all defpotic monarchies, the profperity of a Rate depends almoft entirely on the individual character of the fovereign or his Minifters. If the Prince be ditlia guifhed by a capacity for the alts of government, and he exerts it, or, if from indolence of any other caure, the Rate be entruQed to able Minifters, the chance is that the people will be well governed. But, if either from incapacity, or, what is as bad, indifference to public affairs, the government Should wholly devolve upon a court minion, devcid of talents, and ezperi axe, railed from the lowa order of the time, and having no other pretentions upon the confidence of the public, than the rays of royal favour w oh which he is encircled ; it mutt follow that he be mailer • Vide the Original Correfpondence, in the fecund volume of Cords Manoin of big& Walpole, p. both of king and people, and the chance is that the intereas of both will be facrificed. Denmark is a ftriking prcof of the one; and Spain is a de plorable inftance of the other. It is foreign from my purpofe to difcufs the abitrat queltion of defpotic Government ; becaufe, in truth, with the exception of the Government of BONA►ARTE, there i 3 not one flute in Europe, not even Turkey, which is not furniffied with tome kind of check, whether derived from ancient ufages, reli gious opinions, or intermediate arilloeracies, to the esercife of #bfolute delpotifm. This falutary con troul relates, principally, to the internal adminißra tion of a Rate, and comprehends only what concerns the civil condition of the people. In this fenfe, the defpotic Government of Spain (if I may be allowed to ufe a term apparently contradi&ory to the pt pie), is not without its hereditary rellraints. But, with regard to foreign policy, I know of no autho rity in Spain capable of intercepting the will of the Monarch, or his Minifiers. This, then, is 01.1 ground from which I !hall explain the prefent loathfome and unnatural connexion between France and Spain. The King of Swat, it is well known, is not in a fituation to direa his own affairs, much lefs thofe of his country*. He has been long governed by an up ftart, who is not lefs uninftruaed in public affairs, than infolent in power. The conduit of this Mini fter has slifgufted all the ancient Nobility, and the only mean he polkas of setaining his influence and authority, is, by holding them in perpetual dread of the friendly intervention of a French army, which' they are convinced are ready to obey his fummons. Impreffed with this apprehenfion, we cannot wonder that the once high•tninded Caftilians fbould fubmit to the yoke. Of two evils, they have chnfen the one which feemslefs difaßrous ; and thus the Prince of Peace, by playing off Franceagainft the Spanifh Nobles, has con- folidated hia own power upon the wrecks of the inde pendence of his country. This is not the &II inilance in the hiftory of mankind, wherein the welfare of a whole people has been wantonly facrificed to the ca price. refentments, or jealotify of a Court Favourite. It is well known, that even in England, during the reigns of JAMES I. and CH Mt Lt s I. the Duke of Bo cx- INGHAM, who was the favourite of both, not only tram pled the old nobility under his feet, but had attained fuch an afcendancy over the minds of his Mailers, that he adually ruled the land. With the fame profligate felfilhnefs that marks the conduit of the Prince of Peace, he involved this country in two wars, equally wafteful, unneceffary, and diCallrous. Between thefe two charafters there is a ftriking re femblance. It may therefore be Paid, with truth, that to the Prince of Peace Spain is indebted for its.humiliation, its difhonour, and its difaders. In his turn he is the tool of the French, and as long as his influence pre vails in the Cabinet of Madrid, we mull not expert that any other than forcible means will induce Spain to return into the line of policy that her true lute- • refts require. If we were to adopt the example of BONAPALTS, we might appeal to the principles of honour that are fo much cherithed in Spain, and en deavour to divide the Government and people, as was done by that Ufurper in the cafe of Sweden. But it is not for this nation to imitate ,the maxims of a law. lefs Tyrant. We mutt recur to the policy of our anceftors, and to the fyftem of the balance of power, which Come politicians would expinde as vifionary, Whenever they difcovercd that France and Spain were in alliance, they ftrengthened their canneaions with Holland, and by forming an alliance with that power, they ftrove to balance towards the North the increafe of power which France had acquired in the South. But Holland is alfo the ally cf France. True, but it is an unnatural alliance, and upheld by force only. The importance of our recovering the ancient friend- Chip of Holland, is, relatively, of much greater mag nitude to us, than the triendthip of Spain can be to France. For, through the medium of Holland, our communications with the red of Europe were con ftant, and not liable to interruption. To this we mutt likewife add, the fimilarity of the purfuits, habits. and religion of both countries. With France, the Dutch cannot co-operate heartily ; their principles are in perpetual hottility ; their very thoughts are as diftin& as light from darknefs. They have coo, a thoufand motives to make them defirous of emanci pation; the bitter recollation cf their former re nown, the fenfe of their pretent fufferings, and the mote dreary profpeit of futurity. _lf it be alledged that all this is mere fuppofition, and that if the Dutch were really ditcoivented, they might more plainly manifell their abhorrence cf their oppreifors, by riling up in arms ag.siiiii them ; I an. fwer, that they who reafon in this mode betray great ignorance, not only of human nature, but likewife of the charaler and geographical politton of Holland. How can the Dutch expel an army fittingly encamp ed on the molt advantageous pofitions in their pro vinces, or occupying their ftrongett holdF, and more numerous than their native forces, as well as capable of being fupported by legions of Frenchmen, qua,. ' tered in their neighbourhood ? Holland mutt there fore be refcued from Cot fican tyranny by foreign force alone; and when that than have been effedcd, and not before, there will indeed be a rational pfulpeel of the fpeedy deliverance of Europe. Having thus inquired into the conditions of the two nations, .which form the wings of the French empire, and (hewn their relative value to our coun try, I Wall now proceed to the matt important part of my fubjed—the State of France, and the means of reducing her power. Aral univis we become the. roughly acquainted with the gmius, policy, and re fources of the enemy with whom we are at war, it cannot be expeiled that we Shall make any confider. able progrefs in obtaining fccio:;;•, tor our neighbours or ourfelves. WALSINGtI66I. • When the Auftrian Minifter, Cobentrel, bad his tirft audi ence of the Kin g or : v ain, his Niajcity le.i i i,al from his Chair of State, end cut an eni,e•chep in the air. 'llse tr.! re A Atrial) anerwards oblerved, that the King of Spain had - ' - mate mode of receiving hint, as it was out turn the conyltrucut,having never learnt to "1 11 1 id ILLIS:cd an units,- 1: of hig, juWer ta irt• , WC. r