Star. — London, England, 1828-12-05 00:00:00

C . . - ")" 1.• i . . tOk 4,1 jo . A 7 • , . 4; .1 ''• . ' 4 ... ... . 4 NUMBER 13,031) FRIDAY EVENING, DECEM FRENCH PAPERS. PORT OF POOLE. FOR SALE BY AUCTION, At the Custom House, at this Port, * PORTUGUESE CONSTITU be answered, that already these improvements have he. come the right aad property of the country by its en. joyment of them for several years, and it may be hoped that they would be able to maintain their station, eten in the event of a retrograde system. On the 'the► hand, we must not omit to mention one of the most bitter enemies which the Pacha his had to ,npose—which has opposed the most obstinate resist ance to his si : leadid and beneficent projects—which bends not but wish pain, and is ever prepared to revolt agiinst his mighty perseverance. Ibis enemy is preju. ' partly consecrated by religion, but whose influence is chiefly strengthened by time. That influence vi ill, however, be dektroyetras soon as experience shall con. vince the pe %pie" that the Paches measures promote their interests and commercial prosperity. With the Egyptians, as with all other people, intetest is the prime mower. tin THURSDAY, the 11th day of December, 1828, at Two o'Clock in the Afternoon, TROY Via MONITEUR OF DEC. 2. PARIS, Din. 1. The price of breid has just been rai.ed to 19 sons for the 41. loaf. This rise imposes on the city of Paris the duty to make use of the stock which it has long had in reserve against the time when the assize should exceed the ordinary resources of some classes of the inhabitants. This moment is come, and the administration cannot Inver justify its foresight than by making the state of things corr.ctly known. (here follows the statements, from which it appears that there is a reserve equivalent to 105,000 sacks of flour, besides 50,0)0 sacks which the bakers are bound to have in reserve in their maga zii,es.) In unfavourable years, the pace of bread often rises above 20 sous, and it is at that price that the Adminis tration has resolved to open us magazines, and reduce the price to 16 sous to such of the inhabitants as require this assistance for the 41b. In4f. The nsagisti aces owe it to the rich, to give them the assurance that subsist ence will not be wanting to those who will pay the pt ice. It also owes assistairce to the disuessed, to whom its first attention is due. Seventy thousand inJoriJusts, ' inscribed in the Bureaus of Charity, have illtercly se gaited a right to this solicitude. Families who are not in easy cireotostances, and whose distress is increased by the augmentation in the prices, and mechanics who are burdened with families, and are Psr the present out of work, may successively be admitted to the sameTa your. PLYMOUTH, Dec. 3. 00 its being iniim.rted that it was in contemplation to disperse the Portuguese Refugees resident in this Borough and vicinity, A Re CI.IISISIMS to the Mg*: (R. FREMAN, M. 13 ) calling a Public Meeting, was imme niate:y put in a course of signature. The Mayor complied with the Requisition, and yes terday a well attended Meeting of the inhabitants was held in the Guildhall, for the impose of considering die propriety of expressing their sentiments to his Majesty's Government, and to endeavour to avert the calamity wall which the Portuguese are threatened. The Mayo, was called to the Char. THE UNDERMENTIONED GOODS, Th e .rme having been Seised, and legally Condemsed in his w es t?. Court of Exchequer. 3 05 Gallons of BRANDY, and 80 Gallons of GENEVA, The whole of which is of sufficient Strength for Dealers: 'Teo Baskets, Four Pair of Glass Vases, Three Glass Cups, Thirty ;direr Pieces Ornamental Glass, Pair Leather Slippers, Silk Hand ierettier, Workh ,, x, Table Covering, Two Westphalia Hams, Two Casts Flour. Also ILO Dunnage Mats, seized for being under- Likewiie One Cask, and Bundle Wearing Apparel, Twenty Deals, One Jack Screw, and Thirty-five empty Casks, which have remained in the Warehouse above the period allowed b y Law. Sundry Old Coal Bushels, and a quantity of Broken-up Deishole of the Goods may be viewed the day previous to, and ou the Mor ll illg of Sa:e, on Application to the Warehouse keeper, in Office Hours. ARMY AND NAVY. R. COLBURN has the honour to announce, that ILL be will Publish, on the tat of January, ISt% the First limber of THE UNITED SERVICE' JOURNAL: to be t ionnued Monthly. (The Mondeur has also a long account, dated Rio de Janeiro. Sept. 10, of the visit of the Emperor Don Pedro to his Majesty's ship the Jean Bart on the preceding day. lkileither the Gazette de France nor Messrager des Chambres contain any foreign news which has not al ready been received by other channels.) While nearly every department or modification of Art and Scieece, of Ethics and Politica, possesses its periodical represen: wive of more or less frequent recorrehm, it appears a singular deficiency that the Mitteaav and NAVAL Seamen, so irlportant in their extent, duties,* and attainments, should command no dis. text Work of professional intelligence and communication of noble frequency and convenient form. The publication of the Periodical Work here announced, Ins ken prnjected, not only u a means of eOIOIIINICIITION on ranee,- iIOAL loriep between Gentlemen engaged in the respective Ser vices, but as a Donk wherein the grander Military and Naval eyries of the age, individual Narratives by Officers now living, and Biographical Memoirs of those who are deceased, may be per =fleetly embodied. To Professional Gentlemen, the record of thew events, and these personal Histories, cannot but be of the rarest eilue ; while to the Public at large they will afford.sub jtcts of the most exciting interest. Bat deeply interesting, and even instructive, as these narratives rust be, they will form but a portion of the intended Work. We ►ave already spoken of its being a medium for the Correspondence of Officers; to which we may add, that it will form a permanent Chronicle of the proceedings of Coewrs Maynat, and of the La smarm, as regards Naval and Military Affairs; that it will contain invetigations, discussions, and new Plans relative to the inert scientific ports of the Professions, such as FORTIFICATION, NAVIGATION, and TACTIC/ in gential ; and that one •f the main departments of the Journal will consist of a Review "of NM:ratios, connected with the Army and Navy. It is custom'ary, with the advent of a newt Periodical, to ad_ teethe the principles on which it wil! be conducted; and we may here state briefly, that the objects which we shall keep steadily and anxiously in view, will be the inculcation and support of rewa rded Discipline, the bond and charter of all Armed Bodies ; the Interchange and Extension of Military and Naval Informa tion; the promotion of high minded Loyalty and Love of Country ; &encouragement of lofty Feeling and honourable Ambition, and the eicitcmene of Professional and Literary emulation. The Work will be conducted by an Officer, of his Majesty's !mice, who has already insured the effective co-operation of Gen drake of high rank, not only in the United Services, but lo So• My and literary fame. Geatkmen desirous of addressing the Editor, are requested to proud their Communications, to the care of the Publisher, air. COusui, I, New dluriingtorr•street. AROMATIC SPIRIT OF VINEGAR. THIS agtectkle perfumed liquor. (the original in- I amnion of lit. Henry) which is of well-known efficacy in relieving Faintness and Head-ache and in counteracting the dfect. of over-heated, close or infect ed air, continues to be pre pared, in th e greatest perfection, by Messrs. THOS. and WM. HENRY, Manufacturing Chemists, Manchester. It is sold in Isodon, wholesale and retail, by Messrs. DATLIT and Beim, Perfumers, Cockspur-street ; and Retail, price 2e. 9d. by one spot or more in every principal Town ; but it cannot be' genuine, auks, the names of the above preparers are engraved on the Goventnient stamp, which is fixed over the cork of each box.— Proyer Sponge Boxes are soli) by Bayley and Mlew, as usual. Ai above may also be had, authenticated by a similar stamp lissor's CAU.:llall 31Atairs1.11. in bottles at 2s. 9d. or with glass Koppers at ss. A VALUABLE SUPPLY TS JUST RECIIIVILD BY THE AGENTS. . . THE First Pto..tiefion of the Age.—The only At.' title tibiae posesses energetic properties for the Hair. ROWLAND'S lIACASIiAIt. OIL, (the oatuisat and caucus), of Vegetable ingredients, ablek preserves the flair to the latest period of life; promotes 11 laturiant growth ; adds strength to the Roots; yoduces lasting tad beautiful Curls, which damp weather or eaercise cannot tract; renders Hair that is harsh and dry soft, silky, gloat, taut, and beautiful. This Oil is invaluable in the Nursery, as a due attention to Children'. Hair is of the greatest importaucerne. Fitts a stamina tur a be.;utatul Head of Hair; ptoduees Whiskies kyebruu•, &c. 7hi. Oil bas been for many year* universllly lOW, and ackunteledge4 superior to all others. and by hmi." lntel* virtues, is daily Los - soured with the sanction of atisTrorf. lbe Nob.lity, Gentry, •and at large. Price 3s. 6‘1• 6 7 1 1'• lus eel. and zis. per bottle—all other, are Impusidoni. "dame ire Gelatine without the Wrapper. Also ItO WI.A N LI'S KA LY DOR. Its flanking and anteliorative properties immediately allays the irritability t.f 'lie Skin produced : by Gad Winds or L)dm, ' re ; 1"4 "g" 11.6111101atioll ; heals harsh and rough Skin; Cutaneous Eruptions, and produces • stAtultrut 00X , afords sowhing relief to Ladies nursing their (*tying, Serrotat; and to Gentlemen after Shaving. it allays the .tlng Fein, and rend e r s t h e Skin smooth and pleasant. • Each 'lke Batik hai the Name and Address engraved on the Go wan Stamp. which is pasted on the bottle, A. ROWLAND & SON, 20, Hatton Gardens" Proce 4s. bd. and es. Ild. per bottle. •• LOWLAND SUN, the Sole Pripprletors. (Teelr°us,a Public from Fr au d, respectfully wilicisl?rtietore on patchasiug to ask fur " ItOW LA I)S. strictly each genuine bottle is sealed with RED VOtXt With and Address, and signed in lIRD. - /LOWLAND & SON, Yo , HAT I'ON GARDEN." The G essits Is Sold by them, and most Perfumers and )la sheik l'endesa. 41(1:.8 G ENUINE PILLSco, just y .amous curial, In all it. 'stages, the VENEREAL DISEASE o— tr 1411 • fill it a dose, anal the taking o f one Box, in a recent souncnnvince the patient of the certainty of his speedy Nothing can he better contrived, more safe, no. more IO an this Remedy, fur stick as are obliged-to go Armies ty teal as it needs no confinement or restraint of Diet; and Y e aferiperitnc e (in an extensive practice) bas proved that it I ttlitt a Cure when repeated Salivation and all other methods ' Ihe Fur the S curvy and other Chrenieal Disorders, 17 u1 c has not its parallel. Upwards of 40,000 persons nth sea,„ have keen radically cured of the above cruel disor ilithiii tie last eight year,. I'repared and sold by the sole T. TAILOR and SON, Members of the Royal Col ..grom, at their [louse, No. 9, New Bridge -street, in ef inny is. 9d. each, duty included.— N.ll. Two back to and 1.16bN in the Passage* at 114:hr.—They ."...811" b°l l. their a ppointment, with cop i ous directions, at tar ioy....sup, ofulli-street; Mr. Disbiwouya's, No. 7, Fi s h- street -hill, ' o pposite the Mon lorry Monument COO. Town in Great Britain and Ireland. Advice gratis it t aking the above, or Odle! of the PrOprietor's Medicinal. Ito /nothing a la :at re. a n e irri t ab a Cutani nation; afford he:litts Sorer a 'muting pain, a muine Bonk I its &anti et , " A. HU 0. A. ROWLA Lad protecting the win** on PI I ..ticiii t h at ea , uM their Name and t e e "„A• ROW L /trope' Genuine tbeVeidets. 81 'ohs, IN 11.1 Itrnalup di wit We, wgi „ ono at recovery. N eu t tonv oo k ut th4i, of to as it r toy y ears expel Mau Lilac a Cur avail nothing. thia Medicine I 1 both *se , 4 , beta, within the t pro pie „. , I t"p surv.,:, u" ref /play mkt Liji ,their apputot 10 U lfottt-elt• ; 7'7 ° Pl , l , aite t 1 P t i p . L. taking t! LISBON PAPERS. LISBON. The Gazettes from the 16th to the 22J el November, both inclusive, Contain each a morning and an evening bulletin respecting the state of his Majesty and the In tames. They an repe..t, neatly in the same words, that Isis Majesty and the Infan:as are doing very well, and, as they uniformly express it, without any change (rem novidade). Nov. 16.—Accounts have just been received by sea, that the expedition which sailed from Madeira on the 17th abut arm* for the island of Terceira, arrived on the Slst at the island cf St. Michael, not having yet been able to communicate with the *lvor-, of account of the weather. It seenss:hat the•Bratilian frigate had left those seas. We hope that we shall soon be able to give the agreeable intelligence that tbe loyal inhabitants f Terceira are delivered from- the cabal, which bas•-ins , famnnsly oppressed them, and for a lope dine than OW* was season to expecr. _ •• • Nov. 21.—0 n the 19th inst. her Mije tt the Pups eel Queen removed to the itnyal Palace of Q*41412, 'whence her Majecy pays frevent 'to the King and to their Royal Highnesses the Int sates; her weak Malls being thus less exposed- to the inclemencies of the season. • ---, BRUSSELS PAPERS. bIIVSSELS, Drc. 1. The Second Chamber of the St ices Gennal, in its sittings on the 28 h ani 29th of Niovem'aer, and the Ist of December, was almost wholly occupied with the dis .cussion of the motion l'f M. de Brouck-re, for the abro gationof the law of the 10.11 of April, 1815, a' the decree of the 20th of April, 1815, and the law of the. 6th of March, 1818, but the debate was not concludes!. M. de Brouckere, in a speech which to-It an hour iu the delivery, made a profound impression on the nu merous assembly. " The laws in question," he said, 4! had produced monstrous persecutions. In 1815, When a conqueror menaced our political existence, the Sovereign nects arily had recourse to extraordotaty measures, v. hich were justified by the circurostAnce..— The press," said lie, g• is the only mean, of communica tion between the Govetnment and the nation. lc makes 4 way thr• ugh all ob,tacles. In a Constitution.' State, the King can do no wrong ; he must •be in formed by the press, which is a check an•the arbitrary acts of Monism,. The liberty of the Press may be abused; but this is an inconvenience of trifling im ponance, compared with the Ali-chid which 'the Go vernment may do when that mi•chref does not exist:' Ti,. Speaker enumerated the condemnations that have taken place by virtue of the lox of 1815. " Our indivi dual liberty depends on the Procurators of tie King, and their substitutes, and, at the bottom. on esingle Minister. Since 1817, there hive been 56 persons a:. cused by virtue of these laws, which ought to be erased from our statute-book as a disgrace to us; for without poblic discussion there is no public liberty." MM. Fabre.Longpae de Stassort, de Gerlache, Van Busse, Van Ysselt, de Laughe, S. de Vulsberghe, de Angiiis Sunup, some of them speakers of great ability, at con siderable length supported the motion a M. de Brouc kere; few were against it, and most of those protested ther attachment to the liberty of the press, and their desire to see the laws in question altered ; but thought, that as the King had promised that a mea-ure on the subject should be laid before the Chamber in the course of the Session, it would be best to wet for the 11, lid proposition. In the %ruins! of the 2d, seven Members spoke in favour of M. de Llronckere's motion, and three against it. The list of the Members who had entered their names was exhausted; the debate, however, con. tinued ; the Minister of Justice spok-, and M. de Bronc hi. replied. The closing of the debate was called for, but rejected by 54 votes to 51. The debate will be re urruid to-morrow. Oa this memorable occasion our representatives have felt all the importance of the question. All except five, who welt► absent from causes which they could not contest, were at the post to which their duty called them. Eighty attended the divcu.sioils in the sections, 105 have been present at the public debate. Even those members who usually give a silent vote, have on this occasion thought it due to public opinion to explain the, motives for their conduct. The Chamber has alm is; unanimously, and with the energy which conviction gives, defended the liberty of the press. Whatever may be the fate of M. de Brouckere 's motion, the debate has had a most favourable influence on the public mind. (The papers are almost 41Ied with the debate) on the Second Chamber, and have ock news of affairs in the East). H. Woutcostae, El. moved a series of R-solutions expressive of the most favourable opinion if the Por tuguese, and of their conduct since they became aesi dents at Plymouth, as als ► a wish, on beha'f of the in habitants, that they should still be suffered to remain in the town, both on the ground of their sufferings in the cause of Constirtrional Liberty, their nod con duct, and also on account of the benefits arising to the town by theW presence. It had suldenly come to the krviwlodge of the inhabitants of Plymouth that itw,s intendkd to - disperse the Portugu es e t o ot h er qtt she er. of the Viikdoni. He would 4! k why were they to be se parated. T.-wh y. dispersed? In time of war even, tie prisoners taken from the enemy were suffered to remain on parole in certain towns. arid •by should these Re fugees be parted ? They were driven from their oan country for upholding . the C institutional Liberty so much enjoyed in this country, aid as such demand our sympathy and protection. The Resolutions *etc seconded, and on the question being pnt s 'the show of hands was orotnimuus in favour' ' of their being carried. Other Res:ilurions were then moved, and alter the Meeting had betin addressed by J. BIRD, Esq. the Counsel, the Re+. Mr. Rows, Captain Nat, R.N. J. H. Macaur.ze, Etq. it was unanimously resolved that a Mennnoil, founded on the Resolutions, shoolJ he presentesi by the Mem b ers for the Il..raugh to the Secretary of S ate for the Home Department,' after receiving the signatures of the inhabitants. l'hanks were then voted to the C. airman. The Meeting was afterwards aJdressed by roe of the Refu gees in the English language, wl:o returned thanks for tle feelings evinced in behalf of his country. men, and said that the sentiments :if ere speakers would be retained in his mind long afer his return. 4 any future les itid, to his country. fie should also take care to communicate them to his fellow Refugees, who wlo:e in England would conduct themselves in such a way as he hoped would insure to them the future approba tion of the inhabitants of P.y mouth, and of this country generally. EGYPT. EXTRACT PROM A MEMOIRR ON EGYPT &ND MAHOMET Alit, BY AN AUSTRIAN p/iPIIICRII. •, Very inaccurate ; or at le ai t impe r fe ct id eas , ate stae entertained u.sioec ing Egypt, and the extra:is - din:ay man who pesides over her destinies. - , • PraORJ between two great and p.lO e. ful partsw( the globe, and fronting Europe, les fertile, code , d,• but infiniteltsuperior in imputation an y, Egypt pss!ssel, in Les pOotion, an cleat t.ge, which au acts to hei shores the co , zimerce if the whole world, part— cularly as she o'er., t e only -.ale port of any capacity in that part of •the Levalt. .1 he caravans, which peie trite. to the interiol of the country, and TelUrii, bo h by land And water, I. a.led with the produce of Africa, destined ts be embark d upon tie Red Sea far Arabia, and the most distant p issessions, :ender this couotry t!.e entre. o: of the conimeice of :lie world. The produce r f her soil and Uitary, which Egypt send, to the markets of Alexandrii, would be sufficient in itself to render that city one of the most important and extensive places ef commerce; and the consent Vicelity, Mehmed Ali, aware of that l•ct, has made it his object to increase the trader f Alexandria ever since he succeeded in ridding himself of the Alarnelouk Chi -fs by encourag•ng agriculture, industry, and commerce, and abase all, by improving the moral and intellectual condition of the country he go v er *lnch he has els.' fected in a sensible degree. It is well - known that an immense difference exists bet Arc: the present and the former state of Egypt, par titularly berme the entiacce f the I:, ench towards the end of the pieceding century. Many a.ticles &f ire unknown to her comtlierCt are now cultivated there, and civilisation conetamly progressing with its necessary consequences—lusury introduces the use of machines, and various products of European indu.try, the demand for which daily increases, giving Rea , ity to the circula tion, and causing also an increase of exp. rts. It she uld be added, too, that a number of European families, who have gone to Egypt to reside there, and enjoy re pose under the shade of an administration not less mild than proticting, and contribute very much to this in crease of industry and commerce by their consumption of produce, and still m ere by the immense foreign traffic which they carry on. All Vie vital resources of the country, neutralized a short time back by a brutal and grasping despotism, and by intestine dissentions, now gain consistence, and reel a giaalual improvement under the case of a Govern ment actively employed in giving them relief. Yet, witwitlistanding all these innovations, so ad vint.geous to Egypt, it must not be supposed that a full and unrestricted freedom of trade obtains there. The Pacha monopolizes foreign commerce as we:l as alrfiost every ether branch of industry. His own ships or vessels bought or liked of other nations, and receive their cargo fr, m his agents, transport the merchandize, provisions, acid produce of the soil nut only to Turkey, t. ports of It a ly, F rance , an d A ustr i a , b ut even to E the glind, Holland, and the very extremities of the notch. This extraordinary man, whose merit is not, perhaps, ufficient:y welt known, seems to possess qualities which render him worthy to enjoy all kinds of monopolies.— His genius, his u iben.ting firmness, have rooted out all that was hurtful, all 'hat was barb irons even in the public administration. Foreigners are permitted, as well as the natives, to traverse without restraint the whole extent r f the vast and intere•ting countries under, his Government. He has thus cor.fi, tired the faudatnen tal principle of commerce, while he encourages at the same time the propagation of every usefui knowledge. But it is asked, *ill this amelioration in the condition of the people, and in the system of Govet nment, be al lowed to continue? Will the reforms i.itroduced by Mehemet Ali be suffered to exist, when another Antra hall be appointed to the vice-toy alty ? To thi, it may Mehemet Ali, who allows no means to escape him:of increasing his revenu-, applied himself to re-open an old and rich mine of Egyptian comMerce—namely, the trade with the Indie... Me. Briggs, the English Consul at Alexandria, bad made a brilliant kitune in those climates, and preserved there the most extensive tela tions. The Viceroy was desirous of participatiast hf this Gear.leaven's speenteitions, and devoted very cond. derable slams to the execution of their enterprises. A series of unfortunate circumstances hossever occurred, It eh confounded their well.combined plans; and among others, the war with the Wacchahites occasioned great losses to the Viceroy. He los!, in t'.e traffic with Indii, incakulable sums. But if fortune deserted hint n that occasion, she always smiled on every eeeterpri.ee he undertelt in Egypt. The manufactures which he founded have attained the highest degree of prosperity. The annals of Egypt represent to its a ce u.dry torn. dining the greater pit cf modern time., by civil des. sentions—the theatre of frightful deeds and terrific tta gedies. From the middle of the 18th century Egypt groaned under the feroZious dominion of the -Marne. lukes, her masters at that t me, who reduced tt.r. to the last point of misery. Commerce, aid ever y thing connected therewith; agricultute, and even the soil it. 'AL sank to such a st.te of degradation, that Egypt, nexe so opulent as to supply with food, net oirty the adjacent countries, but to be one of the granaries of Rome, the mistress of the world—Egyi t yield with difficulty support her population, twine- d to 2,500 000, and was not able to pas the taxes with %Well her op pressors loaded her. This it was which rendered her -always sajett to foreign influence. Mehemet Ali could hear this no loose, ; and, incited by amhilkn, he discovered, bylj,s poet's alone, the means of e e l erring again 'the source of ttlahappiness aod ancient stealth of Egypt, and of rrinniplii g over e of - stacles *hick oppo.ed his generous purpose. 4lr Is treasury soon be came tiled, hid he found hbriSeli ib a condition to carry into execution his projects of conqiest in the interior of Africa, - his match against t* e Wacchubites, and" his pilgrimages to tte tomb en the Prophet. His ecoiecnny ice put it in his pewee to organae that land and naval force sehieh, tinder the command of his son Ina. nim, has proved so formidable t r the Greeks. Th.is Nleherriet.hal re cited a inceei - rite, which R •t only assures to him the most marked .prepondtr : nce over surrounding States, hut makes his . ..der en t iance on ele te, ept so far as tegiias walkers of tell, ginn. merely nominal. It cannot therefore . be I.nia tere.titig to examine the present state of Egypt en lee the government of Mehemet and to obarve the method which he has adopted to raise her to that degree of amelioration in which she now stands. The capacity of the soil, the fundamental basis r F the prosperity of Eypt, was the first object of serious at tention to the Government. The land, laid Mane by c-ntinual wars, and neglected by e unfortunwe est& vators, whose labours were ince.srntly interrupted. pro. doted nothing beyond what was stricily neceismy fur consumption. The preceding A d minibus! io knew not, in fact, its extent, and were content to multirly the itc• posts, without caring about their just r 4n r o. lion. lhe fit st care of Mehemet was to induce yeorne:ers to come from Europe for the purpose nf makine• surveys of all tracks of land capable of producing food. Thus agricultural registers were form d, in which ere de .cribed the extent of the approptiaced lands, the nature , of the soil, and its boundaries. The most considerable Sheiks, and skilful judges,. being first sworn. were appointed vs pronounce upr n these points, and to suggest in what manner eh- greatest good could be produced under the circumstances ..f the country. This purpose was accomplished in a very short space of time. The Viceroy then directed the cultivation of the land, to sow in each part of their farm, the torn most fitted to the nature of the soil. To second, as far as depended on himself, these measures, he caused a email' ru•nber of new canals ro be dug, and the old ones de,ticed to lertilize Lower Egypt to the mouths of the Nile, to be cleansed and repaired. In a short time the land pro. duced a great deal, more that was ro ces.ary fir the supply of the inhabitants, and front the moment that it became possible to collect a surp'us, commerce was roused from the lethargy in which it had so long lan guished, and a way was soon found to export vain. This was not enouglt for the Pacha-,he was desirous of effecting still farther good and with this view he inv'ted some tribes of Bedouiqs from the Deserts of Arabia. to whom he offered lanl upon the frontiers, on conditions profitable to the State. The‘e invitations were for the most part accepted, and a double advana cage resters to the country from this measure ; for while tracks of land hitherto lay fallow, became cultivated and yielded a revenue, the Nomade hordes, which disturbed the peaceable inhabitants, acid often pillaged them in despite of the menaces of the G.ivernmen., are now transformed into husbandmen, cultivating in tranquil lity the territory which they before dew ast wed, and ten. ,tiered henceforth its .natural defenders against similar hostile aggressi. ni. Formerly these hordes of robbers often extended their irruptions to the very walls of Alexandria and Cairo, trot they were in particular dreaded by v'llages along die coast. Neon aliced to the country, these Bedouins form an menet t stock of wattiots, t f which silvan. sage has already been taken. The soil of Egypt frequently varies, but with the ex ception of some marshy districts and uncultivated lands bordering on the Desert, it is evtry where fer• tile, and principally the De:ta, in Lower Egypt, and .the countries of Trim and Fayem, in Upper and Mid. ‘ ar dle Egyi.t.