Star. — London, England, 1818-10-08 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICA. PORT SPAIN, JULY 29. " I enclose you an account M the manner of the death of Lieutenants Hails and Watson, of the Na;ey,' who left this lately, with a black boy, in a boat bound to Angostura. - Tl*boat belonged to Lieut: Watson, and with only the boy in question they proceeded along the south side of this island, and had entered' the Macaree Creek (one of the mouths of the Orinoco) when they were taken by a Spanish armed canoe, and put to death, as stated in an affidavit, made here before an Alcalde de Barrio. it was at first re ported that they were killed defending themselves, and after killing four and wounding three of their assailants; but it now appears that three individuals were not rash enough to oppose twenty or thirty, but submitted, not conceiving. of course, that worse could follow for breaking the block isle, than the loss of their boat a.:si what goods they might have on board. Lieutenant Harsis had never been employed in the service of Venezuela, but had made several voyages with great success, a; C ytain of an English schooner, employed by Mr. Littlepage, of this island, in bringing mules from Guayana for supplying the planters. In this trade he had picked up, by his own little adventures, a few husidred dollars. and acquired a knowledge of the navigation of the Orinoco, and the commerce it led to with the interior, of which he was anxious to profit, and associated Lieut. Watson in his plans. His view was to proceed up as far as San Fernando de Apure, and thereby obtain the best market, and returns at the first hind, and for this purpose Watson's boat was a very handy conveyance. By the unfortunate and premature fate of those ac tive, intelligent young men, their country has lost much useful commercial information, which they would have acquired had they been able to realize their plan, and for which they were peculiarly well adapted by their nautical skill, habits, and enterpriz ing Under existing circumstances, they would have possessed the facility of exploring the ex tensive inland navigation . of the Apure, Meta, &e. But all this was blasted by the hand of an assassin, N. hose very crew, all &mhos, it appears, refused to esecute the execrable mandate. It is thus that the best blood of Venezuela has been shed, by the vilest ruffians during the whole course of the Revolution, assuming the right, whenever they possessed the means,rind thereby giving rise to a war of retalia tion and extermination, at which human nature re .• volts! But to murder Englishmen, in their pursuits of trade, was reserved to the agonizing efforts of monopoly. This horrid example may prevent others from exposing themselves in so defenceless a manner, but will never check our intercourse with any of the free Governments of South America. It is the worst way in the world to cure Englishmen of their curio sity to explore the recesses of commerce ; but when every barbarian is a licensed assassin, it behoves them to be better prepared. " JULY 20.—T0 those who have laboured in sup porting the cause of freedom in South America, it is truly grateful to see the triumph of truth over the fabrications of calumny, and all the stale arguments against a change in the political state of that country, though re-produced in a thousand shapes, yielding to the plain dictates of good sense and political expedi cacy, bosh in Europe and America. The spirit of trade, which has carried civilization to the remotest corners of the globe, claims a great part of the merit of having conveyed the liberal principles-of our Con stitution to the grateful soil of C. lumbia, and of having fostered the tender plant of rational liberty, with a protecting hand, against the rude blasts of despotic power. To the commerce of Great Britain the world is highly indebted for affording the means of saving Europe, of liberating America, and prc. tiably of civilizing Africa. It is the great, engine of our national prosperity. and diffuses as advantages whenever it goes, by calling into action and giving i•alue to the productions of every soil. Such are its titles to the Aroud eminence on which it stands. d From experience and conviction, South America bails our commerce, .and invites us to augment her comforts aad conveniences, and to receive in return her various valuable productions. She offers a par ticipation of her rich lands and mild climate, to our surplus population, under the most liberal institu— tions. NVithout the expense of garrisons, she offers, all the rich exports of our colonies and a greater va riety for our national manufactures t and, in short, the offers to the trade of the world such fair direct competition in her markets, as the national industry of each may entitle them to. This is the broad ba• us of reciprocity South America offers to Europe, in lieu of the monopolizing and exclusive system of Spain; but to the spirit and capital of British mer chants, the Continental Powers will chiefly, if not solely, owe these advan , ages. 6 , With the increase of Eutopean population, a greater number of those wants will be created, which denominatevie the conveniences and comforts of life; and of course the consumption will increase, not only in ratio to the new corners, but in proportion to the diffusion of knowledge and example among all clas ses of the prespnt inhabitants, and the facility of sup plying those wants. At present many persons are bet re .1 on plate in Mexico, who do not know the convenience of good knives and forks, nor a thousand other necessaries, which the most moderate circum• stances afford an Englishman. Indeed the conse quence of monopoly and want of intercourse de stroyed industry, for want of the stimulus of trade; and all the comforts of life (of which Spain herself furnished few, and very imperfectly prepared), came • too dear to market to be enjoyed by the many. The want of industry in -the natives of South ! America is an unfounded charge : it was want of trade and due encouragement. We have witnessed the distress lately created in England when our trade • suffered a temporary depression. What then must be the consequence of a protracted monopoly, by a nation possessing no internal means of giving any activity or energy to her commerce, or even protec tion to the little she carried on in time of war? " As distinct and independent Governments, the various dependencies of Spain can cause no disquiet to Europe by augmenting their population and re sources, since the European family in general will profit by their trade, without being exposed to the pre par.derating . means placed at the disposal of a single /lower, particularly governed by an absolute So . evereign. The wants of America arc a better guaran tee to Europe fur wait: Gaining tLsu..e u)eikil relations than a thousand treaties with Spaini Her indepen- 1 1 deuce binds her to Europe in general, instead of Splin alone. " From the great source of Enropean knowledge all the useful arts will flow into those highly favou red regions, and dissipate the gloom of abject super stition and intolerance which have been transplanted from the mother country, and propagated with such zeal by the same means, with a view to bar all inter course with strangers who would encourage their in dustry, by teaching them the value of it. " But the South Americans are fully aware of the value of civil and religious freedom from having ex perienced the want of it, and shew themselves worthy of it by the valour with which they defend their in dependence. Good order and subordination to the new Government shew every where the progress of the cause, and its useful influence on the minds of the people. Strangers are received by them with open arms, particularly the British and North Ame ricans. Owing to the nature of their Governments, they are considered friends prima facie. But the Americans have lately taken measures to cement their political relations, by sending envoys to Buenos Ayres and Venezuela; and probably they will be the first to acknowledge the independence of the new republics. In the mean time, these measures have produced to the Independents great political advantages in the public opinion." PROCLAMATION " &most BALFIAIt, Supreme Chief of the Republic of Vene zuela, &c. Ste. &c. " Conridering that in our present military attitude, the sepa ration of the military and political branches of th? Gover,Abent, established by lkerce of the tith of October, 1817, give; rise to embarrassments and difficulties greatly prejudicial to the public cause, I hare been induced to decree, and hereby du decree, as ' follows t " Asiicar I.—The Political Governors of Provine,s shall exercise no other functions than those of presiding in Tribunal. of the first instance, conformably to the Decroe of the 6th of October, 1817. " ARTICLE 2.—The High and . Municipal Police of the Pro vinces shall henceforward belostz to the Governors and Com- of the same. " ARTICLZ heads of the Police In the Provinces, the Governors and Commandants-General shall be Presidents of the' Municipalities; they shall convote and preside over the Asserts blies of the Inhabitants, and receive in their suffrages, a) well as those 6f the Electors, conformably to the Regulations of the 6th October, 1817., respecting the creation of Municipalities. " ARTut.a 4.—The Governors and Military Commanders of Fortresses, Cities, or Towne, shall therein exercise the functions of the Police, as Lieutenusits of the Governor and Commandant General of the Province. " ALTICLE 5.—A.11 the Laws,lherees, and Regulations which may attribute to the Political Governors of Provinces the exer cise of the Police any otherwise that as laid down in tire above Articles, are abrogated, and remain Ali and without effect. " Given and slimed by my hand. and countersigned by ore of the Secretaries, Head-quarters, Angostura, July 3, 1818. (Signed) " BOLIVAR. " PFDILO BRUEN° ±II.S.MirE., Sec." BRIEF SKETCIIOP Tim MILITARY OPERATIONS IN TIII , :CARACCAS. (fROM AY ASULMICAN TAtglt.) The last campaign in Venezuela has been truly re markable. The history of all former wars in Ame rica does not furnish another example of an equal number of battles being fought in so short a period of time. The campaign opened about eight months ago. On the Bth of December the Insurgent Gene ral Zarasa was defeated at La Ilogasa. by the Itoyali , t General La Torse. The number of slain on both sides amounted to about 500 men. The same day 400 Patriot horse met and d efeated an equal number of Royalist cavalry, near the river Apure. At least 300 men fell in the combat. On the 3d of January the Independent forces, 2500 foot and 200 horse, set out, under Bolivar, froml Angustura. About the latter end of January, Buli-! var s army was joined by that of Pam 2000 horse and 800 foot. Their united forces captured the city of San Fernando de Apure. We can only conjecture! the loss on either side : it could not have been less' than 800 men of both parties. On the 12th of February, the Independents ap proached Calabosa, a town about 60 leagues from the city of Caraccas. Morillo's cavalry, stationed in advance, were on the same day routed ; and J(N) or 400 men were left on the field. Morino began his retreat from ('alabosa nn the 15th of February, and on the next day reached the village of Sombrero. This match was disa , ,trotis to the Spaniards; they were repeatedly attacked by the Republican cavalry, and many al,o died through fa tigue. Sombrero was the scene of a most desperate conflict on the 17th of February- Bath parties claimed the victory; but at least 1,000 lives were ' lost. The Royalists again retreated on the fallowing day. The next action we have any account of was at Maracay, where the Royalists say that they. dis persed the enemy, with the loss of 230 men. This was fought on the 14t1f of March, Morales com manded the Royalists. Actions much more bloody took place on the 16th and 17th of March, between Villa de Can and La Netts. Morillo was badly wounded on the first day, and La Torre succeeded him in the command. Eafit side stated the loss of their opponents at more than 1,000 men. The Spa niards certainly drove the others. We have no account of another battle until a month afterwards. On the 17th of April. the Spanish Ge neral Pla surprie:d Bolivar in his camp. about a league from St. Josef de Tisnados. The Indepen dents lost about 400 men, arms, baggage, &c. The Royalists say their own loss did not exceed 40. On the I Ith of May the hostile forces met again, about 1;1 leagues from the town of San Carlos. The Spanish General La Torre, 20 officers, and 400 men, fell iu the conflict ; the Itoyaliss, however, claimed the victory. Paez commanded the Independents ; he brought 2000 men into the field, and is said to have lost one half of them. There is an allusion made to a battle fought on the 25th of May, in which.the Royalists were victo rious; but we have no particulars. General Morales entered Calabosa before that day. The last act of hostility noticed, is a' attack made by the Patriot General Bermudas on the city of Cu mans, in which he was defeated with the loss of two hundred men. It thus appears that in the short space of six months, a dozen pitched battles have been fought in a country which hat been for eight years the seat of war, and whose popuhtion was never reckoned above 800,000 persons, Indians, Negroes, and all :-10,000 is probably the number of lives lost in this last campaign. The whole force of the Roya lists, at its opening, is said to have been 3000 Spanish regulars, with an equal number of volunteer troops. —The Independents mzstered 10,00‘1, but they were iwarly one half irregular cavalry, and their idantry LONDON. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1818. TDB FUNDS. PRICE OF STOOKS THIS DAT AT TOILLVE 0 . C1.0:1C Rank Stock shut-3 per Cent. Reduced shut -3 per Cent. Consols 752 —for Act. 741. Consols for N0v.761-31 per Cent. shut 4 per Cent. shut-5 per Ct. Navy 1051 106 Bank Long Anns. shut—lndia Bonds 90 pre. Onanium 21 7 „ dis.—• Exchequer Bills 19 21 preen. No direct confirmation of the intelligence of yes terday, that the Congress at Air-la-Chapelle had on the 2d instant agreed to withdraw the troops of the Allies from France, bas been received to-day. The Paris Papers of the sth received this morning do not state the fact, though it Might easily have been known there by that time ; and they even notice the depar ture of his Excellency M. D 1 BOit4;0, the Russian Ambassador at Paris, on the 3,1 for Aix-la-Chapelle —a day later even than that on which the measure is said to have been determined. This, however, is no decisive evidence to the contrary ; but had we not heard of the business being 'settled before his depar ture we should, naturally, have concluded that his journey to Aix-la-Chapelle had for its object matters connected with the deliberations on that measure. — It was indeed pretty well known before the Congress Met that the Allied Powers had aheady come to a ;determination to withdraw their troops from France; it would therefore excite no surprize should the mea sure have been fully resolved, on the day stated : but it is equally possible that the supposed certainty of the fact has induced an anticipation of the event by some one oa the spot. A New Orleans article, which will be found in our extracts from American Papers, in another part, mentions the arrival of General GAINES at Pensacola towards the latter end of July. The satire paint aph states, what if true would be important, that dis patches had been received at Pensacola, from Wash ington, containing Mr. MusßoE's deliberate appro bation of General JACKSON'S proceedings. This last assertion we are inclined to doubt, because we should hope it is not the feeling of the American Govern ment ; and we ate sure it is not the interest of any Government to sanction measures of apparent in justice and undisputed violence on the part of any of its Officers. The report continues, that East and West Florida were sold by King FERDINAND to the North American Republic. If so, General JACKSON was doubly impolitic •ind unpardonable, because his military aggression was as needless as it was unjust, —That the Floridas have long been objects of the appetency of the United States, or, to use a loftier word, of their ambition, is known, we apprehend, to all the world. There is no part of North America, or of the islands contiguous to its coast, which the leading Republican Statesmen have not, from a very early period of the revolution, discovered their wil lingness t 6 appropriate. A curious example of this feeling occurs in FRANKLIN'S political life. When he was preparing, about the year 1776, to set out on his mission to the French Court, he thought it advisable that Congress should authorise him to treat with the British Ministers if an opportunity offered. The fol lowing in substance was the chief article of the Treaty, which that zealous Republican had the moderation to propose—at an early period of the war be it re membered, and when success had almost every where crowned the arms of Great Britain :--si To prevent those misunderstandings ` which are likely to arise between nations who border on each other, Great Britain shall cede to the United States the pro vinces of Quebec, St. John's, Nova Scotia, and East and West Florida, (afterwards given up to Spain at the Peace of 178:1), together with Bermuda and the Bahama Islands ! !!" Such were then the temper and modesty of the Patriots; before which the petty au dacity of JACKSON sinks into insignificance and con tempt. Indeed, we make no question, from what we have seen and heard, that the cneee de iarrondir has spread itself from Europe to America; and that tl:c natttral limits" of the great Republic are held by her citizens, when in their most sober moods, to be those of the North American Continent. But it does not follow, that because we long for a certain acquisition, we squally relish the mode by which it has been acquired. Because we like a thousand pounds, we need not of necessity applaud or counte nance the highwayman who presents it to us as the fruit of his depredations. conduct, ..0 far as we can judge, has compromised in more respects elan ore the J Congress, as well as his country's hor.odr; and does not seem to be within the cornpqten ce of 11,, IitUgROZ to pronounce his absolute aciuitt4l, '- ,parts of his proceedings which affect tl:e 13:itish tiou we are not yet qualified by a knowledge of c. cumstanees to discuss. 1. We lately extracted fr.: , ,m the Gliang artmid e 01 . De;• , ,vrtra Gaz'Uc, a statement of certain, griera,:zt, complained of by that Colony, ir. respect to the be : . den of the Militia Eltablishment necerary fir it s protection. From a farther series of that whi,h we have received to-dap, we Litt. that 1%. potation of Proprietors and Mortgagees, connected with the Colonic.; of Demarara and rknhice, has te ; ; for some time in London, for the purpose of rip ro . stinting to Ministers the present ineective mitu rf force stationed in these Colonies, but that no go o d having resulted from the conference, the Courts of Policy, in both Colonies, have taken the rnver up, sad made a representation to Government on the subject. The Paris Papers of Sunday and Monday are at. 'eyed, but are even more than usu.dly barren of la. telligence. The Duke of RAGUSA, whose quarter:, rotation of service as Major-General of the kov a l Guard should have commenced on the Ist inst. and who was announced in all the Journals as esperted at his post, in terms which led to a general heixf that he had been restored to the Royal favour, st:.l remains at his retirement in Chatillon S.rr leaving the command to be filled by the Deke cf REGGIO ad interim. It would appear from this cc cumstance, that the announcement is the Journal s , authorised of course by Government, was roar a courtly device intended to mark nsure existence and continuance of the Royal dil:eastae against the Marshal A Royal Ordinance appeared in tie At - Ade:sr ef the Sd instant, bearing that as the vircreistartes which had called for a special composition of the National Guard—that is, which had placed it under the chief command of the King's brother, MONitrnt, now ceased to exist—His Majesty tharforc rebtorts this body to its former municipal constitatkr., and entrusts to the Mayors, Prefects, and Say-Prefects the execution of all that regards its organizzica, di rection, and operation. This Ordinance, the amts.' tutional and excellent spirit of which no rati,nal person Call be blind to, is said to have given great offence to the High ItJyalist party, who see is it nothing less than the utter downftl of the Bourboa dynasty. We regret that we should have to ascribe to the same source to which France is indebted for this enlightened edict, the pctty acts of folly alluded to in the following letter, received to-day from cur L private ccrrespondent at Paris: PRIVATE LETTER. " PARIS, OCTOPEt What nest ?—The Minister of the Inter:- at the desire of the inhabitants of Clery (L rtt erected a monument, a statue, to the memo - 7 cf Lot. is Xl. In our Galleries of Statuary, we erect no, to see the statues of Naito, of TIBERIUS, awl !CALIGULA, on which all the resources of ancient art had been prostituted in their lifetime: the honer is spired by the recollection of their vices is, in some degree, compensated by the admiration which [statue commands as a work of art; but who ,- ~c thought of erecting honorary monuments to their' memory? Is it in the nineteenth century, when Li berty with full-fledged wing steers her during ccur. from the Pillars of Hercules to the derarts of Siberia, and proclaims the downfall of Tyranny and Sur stitiun—k it iu a country where the Represenuti System is taking fast rootin fine, is it by a Minitt who has displayed such a noble rea'. in the propaga tion of the Lancasterian System of Education. that monument is erected, in honour of the memory of man whose vices rendered him the moss a;:iouc mon ster of his age; and his memory accui - sed to a!: eter. nity ? We blush to say all this is trae—t:ar ISlti I ' the period, France the country, and N. LAIWL Minister!—We will spare him all the cr::hets whiff patriotic indignation might apply to -se tiril L more—we will be silent, and merely send hi= bele hit natural judges, the Chamber of Depctics, who the next session will, we doubt net, call ::irn to severe account for his conduct " We had written thus far, when we !earn t:::n this moment one of the handsomest and most nsc fountains in Paris is in the act of being derzoyed,v!: the one in the Place Rosak, the pride and crArne of the Monti: and the quarter of St. Antoine, at Par It is removing, to place in its stead a monument the memory of Louts. XIII. Thus then it is beget a mania of the 3linibter of the Interior to erect Su toes, and to whom?—precisely to these who hal disgraced the name of BOURSON the rues:—tho whose memories arc the most capable of minas co tempt and hatred fer their descendant% new oil t! throne. To the glory of HENRY I'S'. his Statue b; been erected at an expense of 1.5,000 L by tic ":'ll tary donations of Patriotism, which recognisal I him the father of his Poo* and a model to I offered to his descendants. .It is a national IV-Jai meat, a feature which will always di.ninguid 2 proudly from Ministerial ones. Put it may be 0 10 what could be M. LAIN: ll motive ? No atvt (4 arrive without an adei;nate cause, and this ca-se to be found in the political riinc;ples of M. LA' It has loan been buspected ii.at the altras has'. .' . t tised in more respects elan ore the ri.• l as well as his country's o h • r.oor ; and :. m to be within the competen ce of II: wonounce his absolute acquittal. Teese /I proceedings which affect the 136641 re .e Lot yet qualified by a knowledge of e n o discuss. extracted frem the Gliane arenid e 0 - azette, a statement of certain, griera• en , )1 by that Colony, ir. respect to the be:. Militia Enablishment necerary fer e s purpose From a farther serie s o f t h at (e ne e . , ye received to-day, w e herr. that ell e Proprietors and Mortgagees, correctedof iL D i m n, Arar for 4 t.l a i n e of t t .p r and rserice, has bee a uie enins London, dinisters the present iitaffective military Led in these Colonies, but that no p e e iced from the conference, the Courts of eh Colonies, have taken the matter up, ar4 esentation to Government on the subject. ; Papers of Sunday and Monday are an ire even more than usu.dly Linen of la• The Duke of RAGUSA, whose quarter:, service as MajnOieneral of the keen dd have commenced on the Ist inst. and mounted in all the Journals as elpened in terms which led to a general Leief been restored to the Royal favour, eel his retirement in Chatillon Sm. Sei n e, e command to he filled by the Beb e c e interim. It would appear from this cie that the announcement in the Journals, of course by Government, was ear a rice intended to mark more &Ley e ind continuance of the Royal tii•rhasne Marshal. Ordinance appeared in the AP,Ocsr of tam, bearing that as the eircerastances called for a special compesition of •'e ivard—that is, which had placed it under ommand of the King's brother, MONIEXI, cl to exist—His Majesty therefnre restores to its former municipal cons:hat:en, and ) the Mayors, Prefects, and &Lb-Perfects ion of all that regards its organizzioa, di- d operation. This Ordinance, the ccusti- nd excellent spirit of which no rational a be blind to, is said to have given great the High Royalist party, who see in it ass than the utter downfil of the Bourboe We regret that we should have to ascribe to source to which France is indebted f itened edict, the petty acts offolly al/sided allowing letter, received to-Jay from cur rrespondent at Paris : PRIVATE LETTER. " PARIS, OCTOBER r. : neat?—The Minister of the Inters he, are of the inhabitants of Clery (Line, monument, a statue, to the memea In our Galleries of Statuary, we olject .t the statues of Nuo, of TIBERIUS, and L, on which all the resources of ancient art prostituted in their lifetime: the hotter is the recollection of their vices is, in sent ompeusated by the admiration which nmands as a work of art; but who • If erecting honorary monuments to their Is it in the nineteenth century, when Li- t full-fledged wing steers her dating come Pillars of Hercules to the aerates of Siberia, aims the downfall of Tyranny and Super it in a country where the Represenutir taking fast root— , -in fine, is it by a 'Minis: tisplayed such a noble real in the propaga- e Lancasterian System of Education. that • it is erected, in honour of the memory of • se vices rendered him the zr.cst adieu% mo L age; and his memory accursed to all eter e blush to say all this is tree—that:lSlS *. France the country, and N. LAIWY. t. —We will spare him all the cehhets whi indignation might apply w him : e will be silent, and merely send him bef . al judges, the Chamber of Deputies, who'. session will, we doubt net, call ::im to count for his conduct cad written thus far, when we learnt that . Lent one of the handsomest and most e'c in Paris is in the act of being dericyed,v! a the Place Rosak, the pride and ernfne )rais and the quarter of St. Antoine, at Pa.; :piing, to place in its stead a monomers ory of Lours. XIII. Thus then it is bete of the Minister of the Interior to erea l to whom?—precisely to those who LI the name of BOURSON the rr.ost•—the )mories arc the most capable of exciting cc , Id hatred for their descendants new ou t To the glory of HENRY Fir. his Statue h :fed at an expense of I. 5,0001• by the rations of Patriotism, which recogniol father of his people, and a model ' D his descendants. .It is a national ND feature which will always dininguidi from Ministerial ones. :tut it may be old be M. LAIN tell motive? N s eXect ithout an adeilnate cause, and this cane Ind in the political plinciples of N. Lee. rig becu euspectied ii.at the ;Acres bad a !a• but raw soldiers. It is not very surprising, therefoie. I that they lost more men than the iloyalists. T he failure of the campaign, which at one time promised so well, may however be partly ascribed to an error in Bolivar's generalship. instead of keeping all his forces united, and making fcr the capital at once, he allowed them to be divided, and thus gave the enc:ny an opportunity of beating him in detail. Morilie has added to his former reputation by the man::er which he profited of the other's errors. The last accounts stated, that Bolivar was at San Fernando de Apure, with 3,000 or 4.000 men. If can maintain himself in that city for a few wee!:s, the. setting in of the rainy season would put a stop Li all hostilities for some time. Ile might from thence communicate by water with the friendly country in his rear; and supplies of all kinds may there reach him from sea. One might expect tliat he would learn wisdom from so many defeats. It is possible, how ever, the Independents may remove him flo.n the command. THE EVENING STAR.