Star. — London, England, 1828-06-06 00:00:00

--~-- .. abstract, but Ireland was not the fit piali, ;Alder pre sent circumstances, for the application of genersil prin ciples of this kind. By small loans Rip Government, encouragement mile h e given to peons to embark tbeff‘ckwit caphbl, .11-- wild and visionary specula- . tions, but in such , as of .iete t had tart carried on; in Ireland, and turned nut very useful. He asked for De.. land only the seine degree et assistance and encourage-, rotor which had been given to Scotland, where the best effects had been produced by it. .A better spirit was now growing 0 9- =Mg, die Irish landlords, and this Was the moment when the assistance and encourage ment of Government would be most effectual. If the people of Ireland had sufficient employment, they would soon see the country happy and tranquil. The want of employment, and not political disabilities, was the/eel cause of the evils which afflicted the country. He PM with pleasure that this subject had been dis tossed without any reference to party questions or poli tical differences. All seemed willing to unite cordially in their eiettimas to.improve the condition of Ireland. Mr. Sticieterf PEEL. said he trusted his Hon. Friend, the Memberfor Armagh (Mr. Brownlow), would not infer from his absence in the early part of this discussion that he , felt any indifference to the objects of the Peti tion. The interview which he had previously had with him on the subject must be quite sufficient to remove any impression of that kind from his mind. Nothing could be more desirable than that, while considering nuestiims of real national utility like the present, there should be a total oblivion for the time of all political differences. It appeared to him that the application of the public money to any plans.for the general improve talent of Ireland, was a thing which ought to be ap proached with great caution. If granted with a lavish hand, the effect naturally was to encourage in the people habits of dependence; and to teach them to depend upon other sources of relief besides their own industry and exertions. Itailso induced those who ought to be their natural protectors, their own landlords, not to assist by their contributions in the relief of any difficul ties that,might arise. However, he would admit that all general doctrines of this kind were to be received with qualifications. It could not be laid down as a general principle, never to be departed from, that the public money was not to be advanced ender any circumstances. Otlate years the greatest advantages had arisen, in va eiees,instances, from such applications of the public ntepey 4 Cases might be stated in which the public in terest must necessarily be advanced by such an employ ;pent of public money. For instance, that of opening by roads chains of communications with mountainous dis tricts. When he was in Ireland a large and extensive district on the west coast of Ireland, is the barony of gm l is, had been improired in this manner. Govern. ment , advanced the money for Opening roads, and the capital thus expended was repaid many per cent. by the calling into existence of many towns and villages, by the general improvement of a part of the country Which ,before was comparatively of no value, and by the habits of industry which were thus spread among the people. Improvements of this kind might become a source of savipg tq the public; for by improving the habits of the people, she employment of so large a • • lice force as was now kept up in Ireland might by de grees become less necessary. In many parts of the ;county ot Tipperary and the ,county of Limerick, if .they were improved, it would not be necessary to retain fo large 3 ; body of police for the protection of the coun try. 4 - le that very day received a communication from thetord Lieutenant of Ireland, stating that he was willing to superintend himself the application of any sums which,GovernMent might deem it advisable to advance, for the improvement of the country and bet tering the condition ot the people. In the application of money to objects of this nature, the greatest caution was necessary. la the proposition, however, of his 'Honourable Friend the Neither for Louth (Mr. Leslie jostet) be could not see any serious difficulty. Every facility and encouragement which Government could reasonably afford ought to be given to individuals who omit willing to melte ?fly effort towards general im l_ovelinift ia the way of drainage and improving waste ands. The first thing to be done, however, was to re move legal..difficulties. In any Drainage Bill which might be introduced, care must be taken to guard pri vete rights. The drainage must, of course, be carried on through rivers; and as the richest and most fertile mea dow landilay vet y often on the banks of rivers, it must be wee bowlfar such lands might be injured by the operation. There may be many, other difficulties, but by perse- Tecate pouch might be done. To guard. against any infijngement of private rights was the great difficulty. If hcse things could be effected—it industry and im provement could be the: extended over large districts so libish,tliey, , were before steangers, he who operated sock a change would deserve well of his country. The Aight Hon. Baronet ,(Sir J. Newport) observed, in the course ot his speech, that it, was tire duty of Government to pay some attention to the interests of Ireland. He admitted, in itufullest extent, the justice of the claim; nor had the Right Hoe. baronet any occasion to press it. He had resided too many years in Ireland, and knew the country too well not to feel, independently el 41.,considerations of public duty, a deep interest, in its.ivelfere, and the toest sincere wishes to advance it. ..—it appeased totim r from the reasons stated by. his Non, friend (the Member for Louth) •that there would .be greeter difficiaties in a general Enclosure Act than in a general Draining Act. In the latter the interests et leocilairds and tenants seemed pearly the same. The advantage of pasture at present enjoyed by the tenant iial...f, trifling, iutd the claims of , the different parties might lbe adjusted, without much difficulty. It would be easy, for a triging sutp, to biing about a compro mise, sod in many cases there might be no, occa4osi for,apri composition. Independent of every other con sideration, it would be most desirable to have the , boupdaries _determined, and that could be , more easily accomplished before lands .were improved than ~afltr- tfothirrp ,would , tend mote to facilitate; aftetwerds azeneral.Enclosure Bill than such a final sesciesneat of boupdaries. It would seem that by a wise perivisioo, of *nature, Mat particular species of manure which was best adapted to the inaprovemeot of bogs, eite•elways. found. is ;twit is neighbourhoed. 'phis eircistoetance wal of Importance* calculatiagaii ultimate results , ' such as alideuteking.. Nothing was inisitio be desiied, thao that, in the distiission of Ties. tiosla him chit s . 41.4iffetence of political. opinion should be left otttot.coosideratioP, and that they should apply their atsentiqn pole to plans of real tisility. . . Sir J. NI,W PQItT assured the Right llon.Gentle! pialithat he had no intention of {peaking with impropes etteerity of his conduct towards Ireland. •, II . 14#• 11, (iiltATTAN.simported ,the s'etition. The o mpobi4,lreland were suffering at this moment all the cis o _pecan and disease. it was notorious that t h ais amads.4,thern were starving and in rags. • He was 4 marisestto hear the Member for Derry (Mr. Dawson) S. o ifehe drainage of bogs as a visionary schmie. -- offemt that . it had been recommended by • at that House, and by the Ileport . . of Ciimi: sitisioDefg? i • . . I 11 : . . , 0 , i .. 1 .4 i . 1 1 i 1 1 . 1 . i F • 1 , ! i I I I 1 i I 1. 4.. -, 1 Mr. MOORE said he should not have attempted to say a word on this occasion, were it not that he had a srebillir Petition -to present. He fully concurred in the view taken of the subject by his Hon. and Learned Friend (Mr.S. Foster). What had been said by his Hoe. Friend below (Mr. Dawson) as to the increased -P wai l e" ry 'of Ireland might be c orrect, but he fe a re d the increase of population had far outrun the increase of prosperity. He did not think there was in Europe a 'country which presented such a spectacle of the miseries arising from an unemployed population. He agreed that any immediate attempt at relief by a n dirge.%ise r app lication of the public money would be u but it might be of the greatest use to assist indivil dual enterprise by small advances freers the public purse. Much had been already advanced to individuals on good security, for carrying on various operations. No advance, however, was yet made for the reclamation of waste lands. What he should propose was, that the Commissioners should be further empowered to advance money for this purpose. There was in Ireland a redun dant population without employthent, and it was most , fit to call upon the Legislature to afford some facilities for their employment. The great object the House had to consider was, whether they would raise the labouring population of Ireland to the level of that of England, or degrade the English to that of Ireland? He was glad to see that this question had been gone into without any manifestation of political differences, and that all aspe rity of feeling was forgotten upon the occasion. Mr. O'BRIEN supported the Petition. He trusted the objects it proposed would meet with the most serious attention. He recommended that the duty on coals imported into Ireland should be repealed. After a few words from Mr. lisowatow, who thanked his Right Hon. Frirnd (Mr. Secretary Peel), for the encouragement, held out by him to the Petitioners, the Petition was read, and ordered to be printed. CATTLE MARKETS. Mr. GORDON said, he held in his hand a Petition, 1 sirsed by 1,400 persons, Merchants, Bankers, and other Illnlabitants of the City of London, who complained of various inconveniences in the present mode of con ducting the Cattle Markets and Slaughtering Houses. I The first.grievance was, the manner in which cattle were driven through the streets, greatly to the incon venience and disgust of the passengers. The second 'grievance was, the manner in which the cattle were kept penned in from Sunday to Monday morning in Smithfield, githout food or water. The Market did not exceed rour acres, where in the course of a year so many thousand head of cattle were sold. The misery and suffering of the animals were much increased by the manner io which they were slaughtered. In Whitechapel market the sheep were let fall through trap doors for the purpose of being slaughtered, in places 'is which they were up to their knees in filth. It was farther stated that food to the amount of 60,0001. or 70,0001. annually was lost to the public by the ill-treat ment of cattle. Ail the petitioners desired was, that a Committee should be appointed to inquire into the sub ject. They asked for no grant of public money; but they were prepared, if Parliament should, think. fit, to establish better markets and slaeghter houses, on the principle of those of Paris. In Paris every part of the animal was converted to some use. A coarse oil was made from the blood, which here was totally lost. He meant to propose that the Petition should he immedi ately refetred to a Committee. Alderman THOMPSON, although constantly trans acting business in the city of London during six days of the week, had never, until that night, heard of the Honourable Gentleman's Petition, which, he said, was signed by one thousand four hundred persons. He could not, therefore, avoid expressing his surprise that no notice had been given of an intention to pre sent it, when it was known, that it attested the rights of the Corporation of London, who were the owners of the Market, as well as the private rights of a vast number of persons in its immediate vicinity. Had such notice been given, the Members for the City would have been able to receive some instructions from their constituents. At present he could only say that the Corporation had done every thing in their power to im prove Smithfield. They had actually expended 1.50,0001. for the purpose of removing Fleet-market, in order to enlarge and improve the approaches to Smithfield. The Worthy Alderman denied that cattle were brought to Smithfield on a Sunday evening, at least he had never beard of it ;'and concluded by expressing an opinion that, as the objects of the Petitioners were for private. and not public advantage, the House ought not to grant the Committee. Sir H. PARNELL had heard of the Petition long since, and he knew of no objection to its prayer, unless that the Sessiob was too far.advanced. After observing that he had inspected the Abbatoirs in Paris, and found they answered all the purposes for which they were in tended, the Hon. Baronet concluded by expressing a,' hope that the application of the Petitioners would prove successful. Mr. MARTIN had frequently seen thirty droves of cattle on a Sunday evening between Lombard-street and Ludgate-hill ; but that was not the worst part of a system which might be considered a disgrace to this great city. On Monday the streets in the vicinity of the market were actually almost blocked up with droves of sheep and cattle, while the carriages and carts were quite unable' to make their way throagb them. He hoped that no considerations on the subjece of the rights of individuals in a few public-boeses would prevent the , immediate Abatement of the nuisance. Mr. ROBINSON admitted the extent of the evil, and therefore objected to the frittering away of the time of the Committee in inquiries, lie thought the Honour able Member ought at once to bring in a Bill for the removal of Smithfield market, and then the question might be discussed with propriety. Mr. Secretary PEEL objected to the appointment of a Committee, as it was impossible to carry any of their recommendations into elect during the present Sep sioo. He thought. too, it was quite evident that suffi cient notice bad not been given, as there was only one Meanbes of the city of London present to speak upon the Petition; at least be .took. it for granted there was only one. from not having heard any observations from the others. The Righttien.Gent. then made souse obser rations upon the nicety of the calculation, which placed the loss trim bruises on the part of the Petitioners at a fifteenth of the velsole value, end on the part of the master butchers at a twentieth. Foe ,hit part, be thought the subject worth consideration, and be. hoped that if the saisances actually existed, some remedy might be found without injuring the rights of indiyiduals. It was a pity deat Smithfield Market could not be removed, but the rights of individualsnught net to be taken away without compensatioa.He saw no objection to this ;peculation be cause it was the plan of individuals for private profit. In spotic countries, public improvements were frequently undertaken by the:Government, and regulated in a much 'better manner than they could be by individuals; but that was not the policy of the Government m this coun try, where individuals undertook for priv.ate gain. woi ks ,the ain't important and the Moot beneficial tothe public. The petitioners being ietetested in the . iemoval of the market formed no objection, in his opinion, to the ap- pointmeat of a committee, but ha cettbilai Shasslibt that . there.otlftto be notice given to those toterettecl. Mr. C. WM) *mood yet desite to know the simnel of the Bankers who had signed tip Petldone Mr. PAU LETT THOMSON wished that the sydem alloOd be assimilated to that of Paris. There was not.a capital in Europe, with the exception of London, which had not slaughtering plates adjacent to them. Mr. Sheriff SPOTTIS w oortx stated that bee mattes *en: the property of the City of London, and any-slisposala the pro perty of others Involved grave consideration. He considered that she subject was one that should be left to private speculation. Mr. GORDON, on moving that the Petition be printed, gave Police that, on Monday next. he would move that it be referred to a Committee. He hare testimony to the respectability of the signatures. Mr. C. PA LLM ER moved for leave to bring in a Bill to Con solidate and Amend the Laws relative to Savings Banks. Mr. CRIPPS seconded the motion.—Leave was then given. Mr. SUGDEN obtained leave to bring in a Bill to Amend the Laws relative to the Property of Idiots, Lunatics, and persons of unsound mind. He would nut proceed further with it till the next Session. ADJOURNED DEBATE—CURRENCY. The CHA NCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER moved the Order of the Day for the House resuming the Debate on the Scotch Bank Note Bill. Mr. DAVENPORT said that it was quite unfair to compel persons who had contracted obligations in a de• predated cur►ency to meet them now in a metallic cur• rency. He had nothing to do with the Banks—he expected nothing from the course he was now pursuing— but a sense of duty compelled him not to give a silent vote. He did not wish to oppose the Government; but it did not follow that because the House had legislated on this subject betore, that it was not to be reconsidered when circumstances required tempos occurrit fastitiee, and so it was with this important subject. It was clear that all the capital had lately been flowing to the head, while the members, in other words the lower `cl4sses of the people, were in a state of penury and dis- ' tress. If capital was as abundant as it was stated to be, how happened it that labourers could not obtain work,_ or that so many looms were in a state of inactivity? At Manchester, trade had very considerably declined; so it was in other places; and to the absence of credit, in other wards the absence of the Country Bankers' issues, he attributed so deplorable a state of things. They were the connecting links which the inniure of 1819 had destroyed. He was surprised to hear it said that there were 22,000,000 of sovereigns in circulation, but a great portion of it was, he thought, locked up in sttong boxes. It could not be said, be cause'such an amount was coined, that it was therefore in circulation; and to supply the deficiency he thought , the issue of country notes was absolutely necessary. It I was said that the resent panic was caused by the failure of the country banks; but there was no reason to argue that a similar result would take place again, unless the Government were as ignorant, or the country bankers as improvident as they had been, when a metallic cur. rency was again resorted to. The former classes were little, if at all, affected by the failure of the country banks, because, and he regretted to say so, they could not scrape a pound together to lose ; while, on the other'hand, Many industrious persons were unable to carry on their business for the want of accommodation. The measure of 1819, of the Right Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Peel) produced more injury, and a greater degree of suffering throughout the country, than any other ten Bills, or any other ten Ministers, had inflicted upon the country. He acquitted the Right Hon. Gentleman of any evil intention on the subject; but certain evil having resulted from it, he thought it imperatively re. quireda remedy. At all events they should not refuse inquiry, although a Right Honourable Gentleman (Mr. Huskisson) bad said that he could not agree to it for fear of disturbing the public mind. What that meant he could not pretend to say—it was liable to many interpretations; but of one thing he was certain, that the Right Honourable Gentleman's authority would not weigh much in that Hoyse. He (Mr. Davenport) would oppose the proposed Bill as an infraction of a pledge held out in 1822, and at the same time 'as can. trary to all principles of justice. He did not deny the right of the Government to withdraw any given species 01 currency, if they assigned proper motives forit ; but id this case the ground of expediency was the only one proposed. He admitted that three years ago the Go vernment could fairly resist the appointment of a Com- , le ittee; but no such reason could now be pleaded. While a Committee vhs refused to England, it was allowed to Scotland, but then there were forty-five substantial reasons to account for it—(A laugh). It Wald not be fairly said that the issue of small notes Onsed the late panic—no—the Government knew well Whit caused it—the great restriction of the Bank of Eng land issues,tegether with over speculation,evidently pro duced it. If they made up their minds not to have one pund notes, they must find out some representative for money of less intrinsic value than a gold or silver cur saucy. He trusted, after all, that the Government would do Ostler, and use every exertion to improve the condi tion of the people. Such were his views, and he only diicharged his duty in stating them to the House. Mr. DENISON said, he Must oppose the amend ment of his Hon. Friend (Sir Jsmes Graham). He was one of those individuals who opposed the Restriction Act in 1797, and he did so on the ground that the cur rency would be depreciated as the necessary result.— All bad Gcivernments, from that of Barris in France, to the first Punic War, all commenced by depreciating Labe currency. But he attributed no such motives to our Government. Our arms had been most eminently successful, but our finances suffered in proportion; and , contracting our debt in .one currency, and attempting to pay it in another, had caused unspeakable ruin. But he might be asked, why did he not bring the subject forward at an earlier period ? The reason was, that the House was against him ; he wished to fix the price of gold at 41. 10s. but others thought it should be at 51. ss.—and, in short, it would have been fruitless for limy individual not connected with the Government to hare stirred in a matter of so much importance. They had now for several years tried a metallic currency —they must now abide by it—for it was cleat that they could not with safety return to a paper cur rency, or return to an altered standard of valise. The only gradual remedy for the existing evil was, the gradual withdrawal of the small notes, and a system of wise retrenchment. If there was a foreign war, which GOD forbid, our gold would soon vanish, and in the result produce greater panics than those, from which we had just escaped. The amount of small notes now in circulation was stated at about three millions, and in a calculation of sixty millions, the gradual withdrawal of such a sum could do no pos sible mischief. However, be that as it might, the cur-I rency having been altered, could not now be re-altered; and in order to effect permanent relief for 'the people, Government should cut down the expenditure to the' lowest possible amount—(Hear). It the people saw' ' such a disposition in the Governmentoind he regretted they did not see more, they would bear up against their dil4culties with cheerful resignation. If such a course' were not adopted, he did not see how the public bur-1 then; could be much longer endured—(Hear). . Mr. L FOSTER said, that there was,not the slightest intention of unneetsatily contracting the circulation of ihe.cotmtry. The whole mourn of small country bank notes was not more than from 2 to 5.000,0001. whi r * it 'was proposed to replace with a gold currency. Thi r was not to be effected suddenly,nor at any given mo tto; and he could not see how the commerce of the country could suffer from such a measure. We had at present twenty-two millions of gold currency, and that, vio l Bank notes over five pounds, was found fully ade. quite for every useful purpose. In 1826 the amount of gold coin was stated by ',Tod Live, pool .and Robinson to be about twenty-five millions, of whi c h seven were exported.. One million soon found, its way back again, and thai'Telt about nineteen millions for circulation. At this moment they bad twentyo ss „ millions; and such being the case, he begged to ask where could there be any ground for alarm i n Rea „ dually withdrawing three millions of small notes? & ea • suppose that amount to be withdrawn to-morrow, th ey would still have a larger gold currency in circulatio n • than they had in 1826—(Hear, hear).—lf ne export of gold had since taken place, and he did not believe that any large amount was expo! ted, then it must he clear that they had more than gold enough to cover the with, drawal of-the country one pound notes. It should to recollected, that although the gross amount of the O r . culation must be taken into the account, yet that thes e , locity of the circulation was also a matter of considerable importance. When the Restriction Act was in vo g u e , , ed when pamphlets were written in support of it, it %vat con. tended that one of its greatest advantazes was, th4t rc allowed us to sell our gold; or barter it for any other commodity. But-then it.often happened that whe n " wanted it back again, we were obliged to pay dearly f or it, and thus the profit and the loss very nearly talanced each other. His Right Honourable Friend had stated the whole amount of the circulation to be oleos siary. five millions; and taking that for granted, he dii n ot ' consider that gradually • withdrawing three millions of small notes, when gold was substituted fo r it, could by any possibility lead to an injurious effect. When they,agreed to have .a metallic currency—else % the justice of the measure was once established—it was 'their duty to see that it was compkte!y followed up While the small notes were continued, the system would be imperfect; and to remedy that imperfection, his Right Hon. Friend had introduced' the present measure. He contended that •the only safe and cer tain means of providing a supply of geld was in keep. 'lig up the habitual consumption of the country, and not in the chimerical supposition that the Hank was always to have the necessary hoards in its coffers. Is all the great commercial communities, the advant-ge of a metallic circulation was "'proved by their having adopted it, to the exclusion:of the paper pound. WAS the small note circulated in London ? No. Was it 4 Liverpool ? No. Was it in Manchester ? was it tote found in any part of Lancashire, the great seat of our .manufactures? No; they had found by eaperience ta danger and the impolicy of such a system. He there` fore entreated the House not to hesitate - in making the small remnant of necessary sacrifice, but to convince the enemies of the country, both thoieotbroad and thoo which she held in her bosom, that she was able to re torn to a perfect and untnited gold currency. Win regard to the cases of Ireland' nd Scotland, although there was a great difference in the state of the papa circulation of those countries and that of England, be looked forward to the time when the whole system would be assimilated, and when both those coantties would follow the example of England, and get rid of small paper circulation altogether. Sir J. WROTTESLEY said, that notwithstanding the opinion expressed by the Hon. Memher who had just sat down, he thought it would bosome time before the Scotch Members would be prepared to give up the circulation of one pound .notes in that part of tbe em pire. He felt greatly indebted to the Right Hon. Chaa cellor of the Exchequer far the great.change which ). had introduced in the tone of temper with which this subject had now been introduced, .to the House. He should be wanting in justice to the Right Honourable Gentleman if he did not publicly. declare, that he had not given him credit fpc the possession of the . ability and industry which he .had displayed upon this roost difficult and important subject-.{Hear, hear, heat).- On the vote which be should give he should be guided by the deliberate opinion that the issue of one pouts' notes for an indefinite period would be beneficial to ' general interest of the country. He was toady also admit that any Gentleman who entertained a doubt tbat benefit was bound to vote against the Commie because it was desirable in the highest degree that question should no longer be left in a state of woo tainty. . On the behalf of those Gentlemen engaged conducting the banks from which this species of papa issued, and who had done him the honour to make his their organ on two occasions, be desired to state that they could have no interested motives in the coo. they had pursued, inasmuch as the issue of one pool notes returned no adequate profits for the risk and troy ble which it entailed. While he supported the propritic for a Committee, he was ready to admit that it thecOe was to be effected from a paper to a metallic curirric: there never could be a better time for effecting poi change than at present. The motives of the pact' whose opinions he represented could not, he herd, suspected o end it should be remembered that '!.ts presented no one of the numerous Petitions which hal come before the House, praying for the repeal Of • Act of 1826. Those Petitions had chiefly come from the mining districts of Cornwall, and Irons that part the population engaged in agricultural pursuits; and was stated in them that all those classes must be throw out of employment by the contemplated change. Right Honourable Chancellor of the Exchequer estimated the amount of our circulation at oltY - ' millions. He contended that it must amount to a hu i died millions. It had been asked what serious evil cltild arise from the withdrawal of two millicns a nd a _ from soch an amount? He, on the other hand. we'" ask what harm could result from the circulaiton of millions and a half of one pound notes in a hundt millions? - The Right Hon._Member for Liverpool said, that without the Act of 1826, the country banie would have the power of an unlimited issue. It mi d be well known that this was an. inconsiderate use such an expression, for that the issue to any est was impracticable. Some time ago it bad been posed that the country bankers should give getout*, and it was then objected, to by those parties. He lieved, however, that the circumstances under wliiel!‘__ proposal was made having now become changed, th e' would on the part of many country bankers -be go' willingness to give the securities required. JO." 1117 inquiry into the state of the currency in the mining triers, he was convinced that whatever might he . affection of some Gentlemen' fur bullion, the el lotion of gold in those districts was injurious and practicable. He stated this from his knowledge of which he thought entitled to more weight than philosophical and nonsensical theories. He coul . see how any Gentleman who voted for inquiry: Scotch Committee, could refuse their vot es for t Lion of the ll o uourable Baronet, to which he g hvie fulltsupport. Sir J. GRAHAM espnioed that he diduot contineetuer-aL 0' rugati paper pende Ri :KW liCt , the RI main' iatiorr *mire V 0111; hie, 1 . lortha rt the Engla tialbi net ; t tiCCOU here Englr t ul v I s D g i sa o te sn m e i ecrd j :d ie or L o ri i wa w n n o xc hl course ry gg i h r ct : a 2,000 ' 6,000 tromi • 1828, ad t: • hoo l b ta April thus of the was t consit if ttratle 91 th'i a thing • into ti llis Oi non, fenny he ippre thili Wet Iftr ee rot of tth self I 6 11 ctirrc )et contu be preen ttoiv . i 11 1 1 Pe 4 panie 4l g opinie ad • eff hil are met ci the ' it wail :ro• sounc tenon he thic lesilE lle stand bustle lad The 111 been loi and :ethi ) d ruhaihpectitren ei tiga.i.l,: l a ctltio6 °l rohhe n eeir d ei. e .gib s t4ll, rdatic k the the' ri oto , w • odi It of 11 ' 54 dispo the golti cciera; rears that .• ucti Top hies mom f the a n '• ) ' ' to o be , inert not h q lnm u ib i si ii t: i T on this s rt , ' 4 it aye c ' O " 2 A tar bben other huh- E ast. vall i ntim tiai I ' l4 the p i t " .Uw ake has oleo • ti 115°11 , A '• s e ill Pr ° ' • C ritiar ,e le Era' t lll ' • t In' 'at Ed ie Pe 'a • • ther clue one d it her *lb • Ck heD qt ld li f O r eat a Eng e n ar ; •"1 bil ' t fi va rmati