Star. — London, England, 1815-09-30 00:00:00

~. • 1 • * A' ` • • -7 , • BRITISH ?IRIS OFFICE. TOR the insurAuce of Buildings. Furniture, Mer chandize, !•hips,Vtiseh, and all other Property, against loss or damage by FIRE. Insurances for short Periods, or for several Years together, stay be effected at this Office. upon the most eouitable Terms. Polich s will not be charge , l for Sums of F.ioll or upward., nor to Persons inereale tig their prevent Insurances. Me whole ti lOCK of a FARM will be -ngured without Spe cification, at the reduced Premium of 2s. pt r Cent. Receipts for the Renewal of Policies eepiring M Dav, may be had at the principal Offices in the Stiand and Col Atli, London, ansi of their Agents in the Cuuntry, who will receive Pritosals fc.i new Insurances. By a lat. Act of Parliament, the Duty so Fire Insurances has been incr,a.ed to as. per Cent. • ROBERT SICELTON. Secretary. - RIILN:S11 MERCUR?. COBEF:TIZ, SEPTEMBER t 7. G)-lIMANI Olt I:IIANCE lE:COVEIt ITS INTFGIIITY ? Alarming reports concerning the turn which the - nritticiations for peace have taken circulate in Ger niAny. because no firm confidence has any where taken root, or can be justified khope cannot maintain itself, and what is still unknown and undeveloped appears in the doubting apprehensions of all, like wine ereat misfortune still veiled from sight. In contrast with this timidity, th French arrogante is loud, and confidently displayed; it thinks it cannot fail of success against_ that oft-tried, nerveless, per plexed. and 4oulless policy, which has so often lavished . with mad prodigality what victory had earned, that they. t:iough reduced to beggary by the vicissitudes of toT time. may still hope to acquere great wealth fts fishing in the,troutiled waters of Germany. friends rise ; and they give nut that the ;Tit it t if their ten i tors is. recognizeal„ aDJ only th , ; s uls ceded to them by the Treaty of Paris shall b- g . ucti up ; And then Landau, to stop the mouths 'of importunate br.iwlers in the empire ; and then too a Utile money, the interest, perhaps, of the stolen pro; erty. which has been running up since the battle of Leiptie. Fore:gii garrisons shall keep the for ticets for two ye..rs, in (infix, when France has re covered from her defeats, and lieu armies are again tn ow a formidable footing, to give them back again. We , av it is false : it is impossible that peace can be corn lu.kd upon these conditions. For, firstly, what Power would be presumptuous enough to act in such sciirnful contempt of the innate conviction of the whole Ge:m.:n people, and to offer them such a •Tiraty lor their sanction ? Who would bind himself to sign a deed which would eternally stand in all his. tory a sr:tied instrument, and a monument of extreme deh4si:mont, and ought therefore to be deposited in 'the interior of the lioastful Vendome column ? I. is a sc.:vet what the Gcrman nation will, and justly, expect from thi . s peace) since it seeks nothing, but it:: rightp, and the cond;tioes of its political exis existeneo. Is it one, or even thousands only who are unalterably convinced that the frontiers must be ex tended and retired against France, if Germany is to exist in peace and dignity ?—Are there not thi; ty .millions nho anxiously and incessantly hold the same language ? • 14 it Only the mere refined eltsses, who, presamp. violist, outrunning the times, make these demands ? Ask in the cottage of the peasant—hear the citizen speak—attend to what is said itf the streets—in all erimpanies—go to the Vistula, the Elbe, the Weser— invite from the Danube to the Rhine—read in all Vie pamphlets, all the journals—let the armies speak *along all classes and ranks—you hear the same lan guage; every where one word, one feeling, one ex pression. The contrary appears to all to be idiotcy and nonsense; they set a curse even upon the con ception or other tle.ughts, and will hardly'allow the pcissibiiity of their being put in execution. And who would take upon himself the risk of op- Nition ? A public opinion,. su unanimous so ter. k., irritl,hle—who" would prevail upon himself to sttp iorwarti in the eyes of a nation which has so dreadlelly antlered, and then 'acted so greatly, with such a wine, with suck a reward for all its labours ? Who could bear to read an unanimous sentence of dasunaticz in the eyes of all these milLms, and there despair at finding, aker all hopes bad been deceived and betrayed, the last also, which at least seemed t o be firmly founded upon interest, reduced.to nothing by keble councils 1 We have often heard how people looked with' ti midity at the proceedings of the French--bow they die)tint cf slumbering energies and dreadful esplo slims , .• and therefore proceeded gently and le n ien t ly w . tot them, and consented to disadvantageous conditions. 'this pretext has always appeared to us to be absurd. It is not there that the danger lies. Imprudent con duct and ill considered measures may doubtless pre pare a terrible re action, and cause it to burst forth; but this is a mote remote care; the nearest threatens from behind f it is the entire degradation in the pub lic opinion, dee conviction that would instantly spread Ike liglitni.og, that now nothing could be expected Cons such weakness, and that the nation must, once f'r all, give up all its hopes, and renounce all expec tations of a better futurity. In limes when States entirely depend on the will and faith of all, the highest fear and danger is, that all co ty lose this faith and conviction, and the seve tOst filgtreSis which can never be . enough dreaded, is such a total bankruptcy of opinion, which tie repara tion can ever make good. It. k not possible to imagine any, power which could c.impel such a peace. The French are reduced tocntire impotency—all spirit and energy isteparted from them—they feel themselves how irrecoverably they are lost. if their adversaries do but half und 21 . - 'JAW the 4 own advantage. Nor can the illusion tyke pt ice that was formerly cherished, that the devil in heti, is to be tamed by presents and sacrifices, and that the peace of gurop c is to be purchased by con tributions—this lurking place, in which last year con• wing, self-interest, took refuge, is now closed, and the set y road to it wholly dammed up. The threats and the boasting of the one party are-all become matter of ridicule, and the other knoWs that the new order of things depends enly.on the power of our bayonets, and that when this prop is removed, the whole must (..11 together. ' Thus every 'limy which they obtained in the di -1 plomatic transactions would be a voluntary present • it tsould be a triumph which they owed entirely to their mental superiority, and of which they would boast with- reason ;. it would lie evident thar there could be no-firm dependence but upon them, other: Ilse so iilCOAStAgit i p and never upon our eternally di vided, discordant, meanly jealous dominion; the im potence of Germany would be demonstrated, its servitode'established, and at least one thorough pil. laging in a century be pronounced and recognized as constitutionally its lot. Nor could it be said in excuse that the other powers had caused this result by their jealous apposition: no, it would be solely our own want of firmness and de cision that drove us to it. Of all those who are. so, urgent for peace, when it shall be .at our expense, there is none who would be sincerely disposed for the sake of France, and in unison with France, to besin a war with us. But they have indeed already be come sufficiently acquainted with our weakness and our nothingness ; they know that if we do once rouse, and courageously claim our right, yet there is nothing behind—no energy—no perseverance—and that they need but to eropley a firm opposition, a little threa tening, and an angry look, to convince us that we have gone too far, and cannot alone dispute our right against all Europa combined ; that it is rather our part Modestly and quietly to withdraw, and to gnaw the !yaws of the beast as our share in the next corner. What People speak of Russia, that it does not de. sire our strength, cannot in common policy be . im puted to it as a fault : the French have said to it often enough, it might do as it pleased on the Rhine, and, on its side, take its share on the Vistula and the Elbe; that it must, at length, have comprehended the lesson, even if the (Lire of having requited an ex terual impulse. But that the will of a foreign powi•r should be a law to us, so that its opposition would alone suffice to make us sacrifice our dearest interests, would be an infamous humiliation, which must justly make us the laughing-stock of the world, and con temptible in the eyes of those uf whose will they were so submissi ve. _ On the other side, England's opposition to the ag grandisement of Germany, is much dwelt upon. It is difficult to conceive upon what part of Pitt's poli tical testAnient its Ministers, if they persist in their opposition, found their pulicy : it is certain, that, if lie were alive f he would by no means be of their opt_ The manner in which they have hitherto sin ned, in respect to Germany, is the most inexcusable of All that has passed ; as no secret appetite impels them to keep us weak, that they may one day wholly devour us, or divide us with the French ; and as they, elevated above the immediate interests of the Conti nent, have the first call to maintain right and justice, and, like the pendulum of a 'clock, to regulate the whole work by wisdom and prudent moderation. But it would he the !night of debasement on our part, it, while we indolently sacrifice our welfare and all our priyelty ►hat we have employed in trade and Indus-, try, to their destructive preponderance, we could not.' by our ruin, even gain them for our political views, and Icr at least an ostensible bikini:it,' for our losses there—and thus let ourselves be mined and carried off by die devil absolutely gratis. Russia has taken a p.irt in this last war, whisk was so remote from its interest, only in u such as it would n.. 1 withdraw from the old common union in the intsmer.t of dagger, nor tree itseit horn engage. nients bdore made. Its interests in the cause are grown cold ; th it it retires from ic , th o u g h too h ast ily indeed, is explained by ve:y natural causes. England has also obtained all its ends ; its partici piti:ui has a:so subsided. and it seeks perhaps but alternately to alarm and to raise France, in order to extort from it an advantageous coa:mercial treaty. It is we atone whose Pretensions are still wholly unsatisfied ; our share is withheld from us, and we must naturally be the last in the field. Let the others go their ways; we alone are strong enough, if we ate but unanimous, to acs,rt our rii,hts against any one who should think to encroach on them. Or, is it true, that no considerable opposition from without is made to our claims, but that it is rather humid jea'anssy that keeps them down—and because ; each grudges an advantage to the other, they find themselves at the end all deceived together ? An old writer, centuries age, speaking of the concesns of Germany, said, , G there w be no peace till all the docks in the Roman Empire struck one at the same !rietswist." A mighty hand had set all the clocks to 'one ; hut though the %mks - inside are goad, and uni. hum i:s their motion, the hands are loose, and it is not possible to make them agree. Yet even this would Not suffice to explain the conclusion of such a peace. At Vieiva, indeed, all the acts of the Con gress passed in these bickeriugs ; but the question there was to renounce claims and sacrifice rights, in order by sacrificing some particular interests, to attain a bightdubject ; but add to the arrogance displayed them, inch an irresolute tameness, which bows to foreign claims as humbly as it then despised the claims of the native country, • would be too odious, too desperate a supposition, which we cannot give way to, till we cannot any longer evade, till it is forced upon us by the evidence of fact. • What I shall the story if the last year be repeated arnoug us—sh.ill the frontier provinces again groan bencatii the weiitht of the armies, while the French, but lightly bitrthipei by theirs, turn us into ridicule ? fottvii, and loose as the bond of our con stitution is, shall we, after having found an easy means of surrounding ourselves, at least on one side, with a wail of brass, tol:slily let slip the frecious op portunity which we have in our bands, and leave our country open and unprotected, as a careless landlord bis house, that our eneinks may come Aver at their pleasme to oppress and to rob us? lr would be incre dible it it had been, and existed so for centuries. You, tine Rhenish Provinces, your safety and the good of the Gern►.iu people 11141 inhabit you, would then be infiniously sacr,ficed ; you would be the first lamentable IbActifices of such a Treaty, and the first sire prey of the cunning enemy, who, in his lowest ii.gradatinn, in his severest distress, would have g:.iled the Wrest victory. War has not yet raged long enough upon your plains; the centuries in which you at.; given as•a prey to ,this nation, is not yet full, a r has sufficimt blood been yet shed. Where any one of your ancient monuments lies in ruins, it is the French who have overthrown it; where any of your venerable antique temples have bten consumed, it its the French who kindled the flames I where a palace lies desolate, this nation has de4royed, it; Where an old city has been burnt, a fortress dilapidated, all this tomes from the French. And it shall be recorded, - that we had the power and the poshilfility to C.llit this enemy far from us and the baiiks of our'Rhine, to re,►air ancient losses, and to avert from ourselUes . itew and great injury, and that wo had neglected it, and plunged our, children, their descendants, into new wars, which must necessarily be unfortunate for them. And would Germany, on the e)thee bank, be in a more secure condition ? He who possesses the Rhine retains the artery of its life, and its life itself is in its power ; and South Germany. which, with Alsace for a bulwark, would be quite secure, will be, without it, like the Rhenish pro vinces, the constant theatre of French wars. Let it nut be said that a two years possession of the for ' tresses would bean advantage. This could only be in case of new wars; and shall then confusion always prevail upon earth, and people be ever obliged to ' console themselves with the hopes of better times? It is also a poet' comfort to say, that it the security was thus threatened from without, ,more serious at Nution would be paid to establishing union at home. live will not at :he long run suffer herself to be made a fool of, by being sent backward and forward,' and at last rather abandon the whole fool's play in indignation. And it would be very imprudent to let it come to this, for k might easily happen that one had need of her again, as well as of faith, love, and enthusiasm, which are mostly united with her, and they would be severely missed it they had fled and vanished on account of the affront that had been of. feted them. No, indeed, Germany has deserved a better fate for its fidelity, and for the great energy it has display el, than to b., deprived of itsfreesioie as well as its unify, of its 14hiJry as (yea as its COStfiltititlills and now, Liss of all, of its security for the future. • It bas suffered itself to be stripped of the one after the other, and hoped with the more confidence for the last, ha 'order with it to gain the other, or at least a olive: field fur its internal improvement ; it this last expectation were denied, what would then be left worthy to excite an interest in the people, and to unite its power in one great impulse The least that could then be done would be to re ceive the tn..s,togrrs of such bad news, and to turn the ntAz annivcisary of the great battle into a day of mourning ; to let no fires glow upon the hills, that the profound silence and darkitess might vitionnte the gloomy silent grief of the nation, as the flames before announced their joy and their hopes. But let nobody fancy that such a glaring imposi tion shall ever become matter of history, and valid in the eyes of Goo, and the old saying b2cotne new again; all is nothing that does not repose on the basis of justice and truth, and all must be done over again that is not done well. So it has happened once.— Such is the nature of taw, hien does n-t let go its tools, but holds the:ll last till they) priliumed its will, and. which has promised to history a new epoat, and to the German people a new ri woes., tian, and will iurely keep this iirarnix.--Ifiteniri ;factory, Sept. 17. FRANKFORT, SEPTEMBER. 21. EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM PARIS, SEPT. 17. It has been frequently repeated in the public ;mints. that of all the foreigners whom the French so much hate, they bate the Prussians the most. That is very natural. The contest between Prussia and France was from the beginning not a mere cabinet or diplo. made contest, but it was and is a contest between two opposite fundamental principles. The high spirit aroused in Prussia chiefly caused the fall of Bona partism. The French cannot forgive the Prussians; thii3 beaten down in the open field, and unable to avenge themselves .in any other way, they spread a,gailist them columns equally absurd and ill.foanded. The Pi us,ians are stated to proceed in France worse than the Vandals in the countries they overrun, and their :limy is said to be inspired by a violent and law. less spirit—pretty much like the former bands of 80. naps te. In tact, there is scarcely a man in the Prussian armies, who, Oesidas the general disgrace of his coun try, has not some bitter personal ksult to revenge upon the French ; and it would surely not be won derful it this feeling of revenge expressed itself suongly. Bin one need only look with a dispas sionate and impartial eye upon :he districts where the Prussians are quartered, to convince one's self that the same high and pious spirit which has led this army to vie Cory, has not. deserted it alter the victory is gained._ " Gentle as a lam!), and brave as the sabre," was the motto of the harbinger of this great epoch, tl.e late Schill and his companione—and this motto seems to have been implanted in the times and in the army. If Prussia now demands back a pat t of the bound less pillage which has been minted and squeezed out of her iii seven dreadful years, only one reproach can be made it, in res;:ect of its preten,ions on this head, viz.—That they ale too insignificant, and do not afford its people their due indeninity and relief.— But as for the conduct of the troops, and the relation of individual French to the Prussians, no where can a more tranquil and orderly state of things be found than in the districts occupied by the Prussians; and no where do the foreign troops and the inhabitants live in mote harmony together; so '4o.c it is really surprising how the private relations pt individual French and Prussian, contrasts with . the general hatred tit the French towards the Prussians. That...some disorders and excesses have occurred, under all the circumstances, will not be wondered at, when the victorious Prussians followed with such rapidity the fragments of the beaten French army. That for the rest, an army that is so national . arc the Prussian, that has been formed and is held toge ther by a certain feeling, in which there is so large a number of men, who have enjoyed a completely scientific education, who are accustomed to' the strict legal forms of civil life, that such an army can never degenerate into aft arrogant, ungovernable praetorian band, is a position which only matce or folly can well question. • TaAvxwxo.—OurCcierespandent at Leeds. York. shire, informs us, they have at present the most con venient and accommodating conveyances to London : a new Coach is set up called the Waterloo, that leaves Leeds at three o'clock in the afternoon, and arrives at the Saracen's Head, Snow-hill, next day at four. A person may dine at Leeds on one day, and in London the following. The old favourite Rock. inghan Coach goes from the Golden Lion at seven in the morning, and gets to the same Inn in London at eight the next, which is taking breakfast at both places, and having sufficient time for refreshment on the road, (which is must delightful), through Don. caster, Newark, and Stamford. Many travellers pass through• Leeds to Edinburgh, and other pairs of the Nvt th. BQUTH AMERICA. No. IV. TO THE EDI FOR OF THE STAR. Stit--The Junta Central which had retreat Madrid to escape. from the french, cnsitinty.l its s scions at Seville, but its administratio l excited the hatred of the people, the meetini solved at the approach of the French army vaded Andalu.i.i. Snow of its members, again assembled in the 1.1c•of Leon, and , a Regency, which consisted of Eve r rson authority extended to Cadiz and Galicia, parts of the Engdoin in the Peninsula whit! ed wider the dominion of the 13;ianiar..lr. A Proclamation, declaring :he appo;:an Regency, was made in America t-e b4p the year 1810. lu this ProcLimiiittn the s i i Spain was made known, and aid a..ts die continuance of the war. This document is most interesting dr: the revolution of Atwrica, because• the depAisin with which every f;•>v:!r! Spain Lad, untii tl.i• :t contained tie 11::0,6ing people, in the nanr: of the 11.2gtncy: " A•nericam--Ye have Lidterto Le.sta wa!sled tlow, " more upere,sive to hear, I).!cattut ye welt, more dt • thr tenure of power. Frani Otis ti!..te we place " your umn liau,l4. Yr Live beer. tutn:%.ted by la • in your ruler,; ald betrayed by breach of 4 shall Oolw1,;. tle;,rtyl o.t Lae caprice of Ir . icet..ys! the dean - 460n of this which was styli the Regency of Spain a: Indies, the Municipalities of all the princi of South America, in unison with the most r , citizens, and oith the wine: al will of the pi deavolired to est ibiish assem4iies, in Cie FERVINANn the S'venth, which werl to have power in every different c..trict. But the iron Spain constantly opp ised this ,iru,l,-Fit well cirilculitied for the security of the con , them.e:ves of the oppilitniti elahliftl to mike, having the militiiry ' they AVO-sttd Oiat it shelved a degree of p:: to tiosi:kc the inii:::er-country 'n a season o arid insiiting on the legality of the Re t ,-• made thus conclu,ion, that in the etent ,owrt!irow of Spaiii, the seat of the Sp.u.i ment should tfien be in America. It rn.ty eas.l ) be supposed :lilt force al It tsscn: to such orinions, and the Ank:ic.ois re4son sill to trea.ble for their Litt-, more as the generally delivered opinion of the Sp: power was-- t " that America oug,ht to share of Spain." In this critical s;tuaCon, witilotrt one hope of any terms of accom:notlition w;th nish Rulers., who requited It Wind submi every species of government emanating from imagining that the Peninsula would finalh sassed by the French—considerint! the Reg, hideous government, formed of a few ins; members separated from the Junta Centn letting that in the war for liervn:!..Ary 'no Spain, the English government n id emir:: separate Mexico from its 'allegiance to I' Fifth—that in 1797 Proclamations were cm Caracca;, in which the English Governor of offered to the Continent his assistance to the Spanish yoke—and that the Coro, commanded by MIIIANDA, in 1816, paid by the English.—from eqesan and 01, recollections, the Americans resolved tr by force, what reasonable representations in obtaining. All ardour for success was stimulated - by patriotic zeal—spur on la spotism of the Spanish Chiefs—en:our:l:7i yoke of the people—the S i %iiiish Governor, p-ised, and others were L.tr::t•A t;) succeed t were to act in conjunction wlOl tile Mnnici In imitation of similar a.ssenabliei in Sp; united bodies were called Janias—their de, published in the name of FinoiN;AND the they offered to the Regency of Spain all poi for the continuance ri ;he war—the Slave I prohibited—. Deputies wc:e sent from many to the British Government—and every both of reason- and force, were called forth of these new arrangcruents. Such were the first steps taken by the net: Rulers in several of the principal cities in Rcvolution had gained ground ; that is to moss, Buenos-Ayres, Santa Fe de .Bogol jago.cle Chili, -and Quito; cities, which tl acting in concert with each other, conceived cuted the same plans as if they had been by the same spirit. The capitals of Me: Peru being garrisoned by a stronger fore, cities already mentioned, and the populatit. ropean Spaniards being more numerous, the [het reoles was scarcely heard; and it wi the end of 1810, that in a corner; as it Mexico, the famous HIDALGO began that re: which already causes the Sp.atisllGOVeinlont in that wealthy, fertile, and beautiful count, Some of the internal Provinces of Peri latterly separated themselves Irom Litzt.i is the Revolution has become universal in World; which proves that it is not merely but the whole Continent that is seeking ness its independence. That my narrative may be clearly arrange , propose separately to sketch the history tion in each Province, accurdiag to the o►d:i I have mentioned them, begini:ir.:; Willi where the first struggle for L►bert) vras For the present, I rem tin, Sir, Your obedient and hiunble sere V. 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