Star. — London, England, 1815-06-14 00:00:00

TR.' 'r ......'...1 PARLM MENTARr PROCEEDINGS. HOUSE OF LORDS, JUNE 13. Mr. Boonnist. from the Commons, brought up the Irish Spirits License, the Irish Excise Pains Duty, the New Post-office, end oilier Bills, which were read a first time. The Irish 'Fanners' Bill was read the second time, and ordered to be committed. The Exchequer Bills Funding. Lord Nelson'S Estate, the Irish Promissory Notes Stamps, the Irish Goods importation, the Irish Newspapers, the Irish Profecutors' Charges, tile American Tim ber, the Foreign Vessels Exemption, and the Irish Stamp Duties were read the third time, and passed. 1 he Or.!er for discussing the Pillory Abolition Bill was post poned to Monday next. ChtiAie's Divorce Bill went through a Committee. The Earl or WES !WORLAND presented a Petition from the West India Merchants, against the importation of foreign v(1.1 into the West India Colonies, and praying to be heard by Courktl.--.Agreed to.—A.ljounrsot • HOUSE OF COMMONS. :Mr. Tle - rcuistaots brchight up an Account sidle amount of ts in cireteadon far the three years ending the .sth of OP, art.l rhe three years ending the sth of April, lola. ()tar' ea to be on the table, and to be printed. ;Mr. R. SMII II gave rotlce, that on Friday neat he world m.• v.• that there be bid be ore the House a Copy a the Corre p respecting the I,land , )f Bale& 1 '),. Report sit the Pooritotiso 11111 was further considered, anf.l cra,.r...; to be read a third time to-morrow. "I t.r 14- . titUrJri.l Jury bill was read a ucond time. and ordered to t•e -..outnutt eel to-morrow; as was the Irish Zipzit kegtilayon on Islit”',.l.ty neat. The Irish Paper Regulation Bill was Crti:! , ..l to he reis:nzed to-morrow. Mr. V. El I 7:GERALD obtained leave to bring in a 818 for the erection of an Asylum Harbour in the Bay of Dublin. He I'z:roe,' leave to bring in a Bill to amend the Act prevei.t i.•° icit DiAtillation iu irelan.i. I I.:: Celttcu Alunisfact urers Apprentices Bill was real a second Cate, corvidreed, the Report received, and ordered to be taken • ntio fin thLr consideration on that slay three months. 'lhe was ordered to be printed. Ibe Population, the Wilt Richmond Asylum, and the et•y of London Courts of Justice Bills, were read a third time assed. • Mr. PBEL moved the second reading of the Irish Master of tie Rolls Bill, which, after a few abservatioits from Mr. BLAKE, Nlr. Hoe N za, and Mr. Plisse NET, was ordered to take place on I hursday next. :the Report of the County Bridges Bill was taken into further eon ilJeration, and the Bill ordered to be read a third time to- morrow. S:r JOHN NEWPORT postponed his notice respecting the Ale email :tight of Fishing on the Banks of Newfoundland till • Tharsday next. Mr CR OA ir.R obtained ]cave to bring in a Bill to er.able his st Ito acquire ground for the erection of Telegraphs and . I'l I .I.P.NEY thought the old ground quite sufficient, for on it the Telegraphs worked with barmier.' accuracy and dis atl she last war. He Whited to know what the expense ss trill be? Mr. CROKER said, it was hoped that the 1-me ground which was used la.: war would do now. He believed that the ;tut of :italic of those stations exceeded XA a year. The turnpike 101 l Ahattmein. Bill went through a Commit tee, was trported, and ordered to be taki.n into further cuuside ritirn on .Montlay net% The Pauper Removal Bill was re-committed, and received Ferrel amendments. Mr. F..1.E1k IS iald, this 13111 would effect so important a re gulation as to the poor oc the country, that he thought it should be printed, in order that it migit be perfectly underatood; and . that it &Amid not be pressed through the Houle during the pre sent Se;sioti. Sir E. BRYDCES refuelled, that the Bill had already receiv ed a; tuna censiderailon as was necessary. • Mr. C. BARCLAY hoped the Hotiourabk Baronet would c^ , n eta to po-tpoue this 1111 cavil nest Session. otherwise he re.u.t oprse it altogether. 1.EW1 3 moved, that the Chairman should then leave the Chair : which was earned in ti a :Armadas. Mr. BIN NE IT made vime observations as to the War. of Medical attendance in the pots of the metropolis. • s %Nit Or ENGLAND. Mr. GRENFF.LL said, it had never been his in. t!ntion to ioterfere with any engagement which the hurl evhlic fu entered into with the Bank of Englan4 although the Act on that subject 4aa expired in Api it tag!. His object was to offer some matter of fist resolutions to the house, as a foundation for the setter disposal of the public deposits in the hands of the IS ink, to be brought forwarl in the next Session. lie had no hostility towards the Dank Directors in the Resolutions he was about to move. He took the stun of the poklie money now in the hands of the, 11. ink to be, as it was in - 1807, no less than Eleven ; and, consequently, that the public paid it 500,000 a-year to the Bank for its very limited ser vice. But the fact was, that down to 1814, the amount di public deposit in the Bank was 411,900,000.—Hi5' Ohjeet was to innk‘k the balance in the hands of the Bank available and productive to the public, There were various modus by which that might be done, if the Bank would cordially lend itself to that opera tion. Oiie was, th'at the Bank should immediately advance to the public a part of those dividends, ► ivitfiGut interest. The other was, by allowing a mil Van only ;o remain in the hands of the Bank, which w4AJI4I be a most ample remuneration for its services to the public ; all the remaining deposits being then made chargeable with interest to the public. The Bank had so increased its issues of paper currency, that it acquired an additional profit of £BOO,OOO per • alintim. tie then moved a stria gof resolutions, pur porting, that the public deposits in the Bank ought to ;:e made available to the public service,' when the engagements now subsisting between the public and the 'Sink hill have expired. lc CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER I 'P 011 , ; !it it impossible tor the House to come to a dr una ti.is str ing of Resolutinos, without sufficient ttine bin alh•wed for considering them.' He con. , si.iei ed the libnourable Gentleinan's statement as greeLly itiug alt. advaltages derived by the B.i.ik froM the deposit of public money. If he con r..2ered that the Bank only issued their paper for theii own emolument, he might agree with the Ho n' iv-Able Gentleman. But these balances were iodg.:d in ti:e Bank for the security of the publit.' . ne.e was no doubt many Bankeis would be found OA to receive a dep 'sit of eleven millions on any terms, Intl would the money be equally 'Secure with Them as it was in the hands of the Bank t It would he his duty, iii a few days, to bring the subject of the Stamps on the Bank issues before the House; and he hoped tube able to do so in a manner satisfac tory to ail parties: Be proposed that the Wnourable Gentleman's Resolutions should be adjourned for consideration till that day se'nnight. • Mr.' PONSONBY did not rise to oppose the amendment, but only to say, the Right Hon. Gen .deinan had mistaken th l a motion and object of his linnourabie Friend.' He appeared trithink his Hon. Irina 1)44 made a •charg<mainst the Bai.k.' • His j-foriourabfe• Friend had brought •forward no such eharge.;--(Hear,' heer.)• lift'itut only said an WOO. vident bat hire hid been mat*between the Bank and t he 'c0 t taiq.....(11 4 :4 Star ) Tbia waa no charge * j oint the Back; but it was a nags 'why that bari. gin should be retoss;dered. He weed that moll time was necessary to. enable the House - to decide upon the question with advantage. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER contended that the Honourable Mover's statement did imply a charge against the Bank for having im• posed on the public. Mr. GRENFELL denied that he had meant to insinuate any such.thing. Mr. ROSE had no hesitation in admitting that this bargain might require revision. Mr. TIERNEY said, from the doctrine of the Honourable Gentlemen opposite, it was to be inferred that there was no other resource but to assent to the terms of the Bank of England, and that so far from finding fault with them for taking so much, we ought to be obliged to them for not having taken more.— (if loud laugh.) Certainly private bankers could be blued who would do the public business at a much lower rate, and he had no doubt the Hon. Baronet opposite (Sir William Curtis) would be ready to jump at a much worse bargain— ( Haugh.) He knew the unpleasant situation this motion placed the Chan cellor of the Exchequer in, and he regretted that he undertook to manage the affairs of the Bank; he would rather the Bank Directors should speak for them , ,elves; but they would not—indeed, it seemed to be the resolution of these Gentlemen never to open their lips, unless to gain something by it.—(4 latigh.) He knew what an influence this union of the Chancel lor of the Exchequer with the Bank had produced— he knew that the meeting of that House depended not on the Chancellor of the Exchequer but on the Bank —the Bank could command the money mat ket. and the Government could not go on without it—(Hear.) The Bank, in treating with the Government, did not exercise all the generosity which had been described; it made the best bargain it was able to make: He did not wish to give offence, but liberality and fine feeling, and all that, were but little known on the ' other side of Temple-bar—(A laugh.) The Chan' cellor of the Exchequer could not alter the bargain, but the House could. He had no objection to adjourn the debate—the Resolutions would in the course of the week get into the hands of Members, and he hoped the House would have the answers of the Bank, and not 'of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and though the Bank Directors might be determined not to speak, he hoped they Would write for the House. The CttANCELLOR of the ExcuEQUEli and Mr. Rose explained. Mr. HUSKISSON contended, that the bargain made with the Bank in 1808, was as good as then could be made for the public advantage. It was not without great difficulty that the Treasury obtained from the Bank the loan of three millions without in terest, for carrying on the war. Mr. THORNTON defended the conduct of the Bank in making this bargain. He contended, that' in all the loans -made by the Bank the Government had the hest terms. • Mr. GRENFELL had no wish to make inquiry into the private affairs of the Bank ; but he did consider it to be the duty of the House to make in quiry, frem time to time, into the situation of their balances, and to see that the interests of the public were properly attended to. He contended, that the Bank made as much profit upon the Bank Especial Notes and Exchequer Bills, locked up in the chests of the four Tellers of the Exchequer, as they would do it those Bills were actually deposited in the Bank. He contended, that the Bank were deriving a yearly profit of £BOO,OOO from the operation of the Restric tion Act; and, taking this into consideration, he thought it would become them well to act towards the public, in other respects, with more liberality than they seemed inclined to do. Mr. FORBES wits happy this subject had been brought before the House; it was one that &served consideration. One circumstance, in particular, called for investigation, that was—the composition which they paid in lieu of Stamp-duties. The Bank only paid ae14,000 a.year on their RI notes ; whilst, in pro portion to what country Banks paid, they ought to pay 4160,000. After a few observations from Mr. Mst.t.tstr, the further debate on the Resolations was adjourned to this day se'nnieht. SLAVE Tr.ADE. Mr. WILBERFORCE then rose, pursuant to the notice which he gave on a former night, relatiVe to the importation of Slaves into the British Colonies; and, atter some observations on the various evasions which were at present made of the existing laws against the Slave Trade, saiJ, it was to render the Acts passed for the Abolition of the Slave Trade ef fectual, that he now wished to bring forward the measure he WAS about to propose. He thought every evasion of the Act of Abolition ought to attract the serious attention of the House, and he hoped Gentle men would pause long before they opposed the mea sure he was about to propose, and which he regretted had not been proposed at the time the original Act for abolishing the Trade was passed. The Honour. able Gentleman contended that Slaves were still im ported into the British Colonies; and that it was so, he was very strongly confirmed, by the well-known fact, that Slaves had not been increased in value since the Ab ilition Act was passed. He contended, that the system of abolition must be rendered one in fact, and not in theory only, The.temptation still Conti nued, and it was not a theoretical system but a prac t;cai one which morn he adopted, to put an end to this ab(minable traffic in human blood. The Hon. I Member then went into a detail of the various schemes adopted by Captains of ships engaged in this prohi bited traffic, and the various hardships and cruelties to which the unfortunate beings, the subjects of it, were exposed ; and mentioned one instance in parti cular, in which, out of a cargo of 700 Negroes, 360 perished. The Honoorahle Member then proceeded to state to the Rouse' w hat his proposed remedy for these evils should be, namely—that a register should be prepared of all the Slaves in the different British Colonies, which register should contain the name and desctiptiort of every Slave, and the title by which each Slave was claimed s that a copy of Si;cli register should be sent to This country and preserved here; and that any fraud committed upon this regulation should subject ;be offender to iivere punishment.— This measure, if adopted, would give effect totheAbo lition Law ; and, he had hoped, was one to which no objection would be made. He now understood, how. ever, it would be opposed ; lend that one ground 'of opposition' was, That it would interfere with the Colo nial Legislatures. 'This Obettion, dinveyer s be 'con - • .. • siflered as not descrying of any weigtt, when put in competition with the interest and happiness of the slave population of the West ladies ; and it never yet had been denied that the Imperial Parliament had a right to pass laws for the general regulation of the Colonies. It might be said that the Colonial Assem blies would pass such a law ; but this was More'than we could possibly expect—and indeed not only more than we could expect from Their inclination, but more than we could expect from their power. These Le gislatures could only legislate for their own particu lar colony, whilst this measure required a power con trouling the whole range of the Colonies to carry it into effect: The Honourable Gentleman then pro ceeded to paint, in glowing colours, the present de graded state of the Negroes, and his regret that their religious instruction was so entirely neglected. He also regretted that marriage was not more encou raged among them ; and laid, in Mr. Burke's pro. posed plan for ameliorating the situation of the slaves he had proposed to force them to marry; but this, he confessed, was, in his opinion, going rather too far. (A laugh.)—The Honourable Gentleman then moved for leave to bring in a Bill for better preventing the illicit importation of Slaves into the British Colonies. Mr. BROWNE hoped, if the House agreed to the bringing in of the Bill, that it would not be proceeded in at this advanced period of the Session ; hut would be postponed until an opportunity was afforded of consulting the interests of those who would he affec ted by it. The Honourable Gentleman observed, that no opposition had been given by those interested in the measures already passed for the abolition of the Slave Trade. The effect, however, of the present measure would be to destroy the colonial interest, and would materially injure the West India property. He denied that there had been any illicit introduction of Negroes into the island of Antigua ; nor, did he believe any had been introduced into the other islands. The adop ion of a registry in the island, would be an attack upon the constitutional rights of the island, as established in the different Assemblies. The Hon. Gentleman conjured the House not to sanction a measure of this kind until they had ascertained whe ther the Assemblies had or not taken measures of a similar description, supposing the evil existed, which he was not disposed to admit. He then moved an Amendment, by substituting, after the word " that 4 4 a Committee he appointed to inquire whether the clandestine importation of Negroes into the British Colonies has taken place since the passing of the Act for the Abolition tat the Slave Trad." Mr. PROTII 1:1: OE coinci,Fzd in tht , sentiments of the last Speaker, expressing a conviction, that it would not be prudent to legislate without satisfactory evidence that the evil complained of had really exis tence. The Han. Gentleman admitted that the pa rent Legislature had a paramount right of enacting a law upon the subject to those of the Islands. He wished the Bill to lie over for the present year. Sir .1. NEWPORT observed, that those Gentle men interested in the Bill admitted the right of the House to controul the Colonial Legislatures. He ob jected to the appointment of a Committee, as calcu lated for the purposes of delay, in older to prevent the completion of the great and humane work of Negro Redemption. He deprecated the idea of com bating with the prejudices of the Legislatures in the different' islands ; who must be, in some respects, under the controul of the inhabitants. Mr. MA RRI'ATT thought, if the assertion was correct, that an illicit intercourse was going on with the colonies, the appointment of a Committee would not delay the measure, for the fact might soon be ascertained. He condemned the proceedings of the African Committee, from whom this measure origi nated. Without imputing blame to them, he rather thought they acted upon incorrect information. He stated that not less than 51 estates had been aban dotted in the island of Trinidad, for want of Negroes to cultivate them. In the island of Grenada too there had been a considerable diminution of slaves for many years past. He stated, that the condition of the Slaves had been ameliorated. Mr. F. DOUGLAS supported the motion. Sir S. ROMILLY agreed with the Honourable Gentleman as to the expediency of the measure; but regretted that it was brought forward at so Late a pe riod of the Session. Mr. BA REI A M contended, that our object should be to give the Negroes as much liberty as they could bear, to fit them for bearing more. But, it there wete slaves illicitly brought into the colonies, that fact could be proved before a Committee in a few days. He wished that there should be a registry of Slaves in the Colonies, which, he considered, would remedy the evil complained of. There ought to be A Committee appointed to inquire into the state of the Negroes in the West Indies; and he meant, at some future period, to move for such a Committee. Lord CASTLEREAGH supported the motion of Mr. Wilberforce; but he trusted that time would be given to allow the Colonies to adopt this measure, from their own conviction of the propriety of it. Mr. W. smtru approved of the introduction of the Bill ; but he wished that a measure of this irts portance should not be hurtied through the House in the present , Session. Mr. WILBERFORCi replied, and Mr. BROWN with. drew his amendment. Leave was then given to bring in the Bill. Lord PALMERSTON obtained leave to bring in Bills for the Relief of Out Pensioners of Chelsea Hospital; and for granting allowances extraordinary to Foreign O iutepp;o tiie rat c ndo rf a t i h t e er C a or ew m o it b t se ee rvoaftionsulairpolmy a ss M r .brOU Ti g ie bt PONSONIrr, Lord CASTLEIILAGH, Mr. SMITH, and brought u r l . hg ß eh a st CHANCELLOR s p d , e t h s e taßesolutions Billw t e h r eeo ag re edEXCHEQUER to.. ings to Scotland ; which was read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time on Friday. h to u , rh a d n a d y the Bill ill The Report of the New Post-Office Bill was bro of:T u anh eg orde r e d bt doett u rioh p :b e , t cH 1e 0 1 roeruda amendmentswdersaaciatjhirdtim agreede on Thursday Hy alf--past hen .pa t sto d ne is . posed outhrneedDaal Forty,Thiriy • and Twenty Thousand Pound Prizes, in the present Grand Lottery, besides tighteen Prizes of Guineas, including one of 5,000 Guineas, &c. all to be taid its Gold, as soon as drawn, at - 13wirr and Ca.'s Fortunate Offices, No. 11, POULTRY 1 . 12, CHA , nine-Caosi; and 31, Aincisza litamiirrannt. 1 NEW POST-OFFICIL TO THE EDI fOR OF THE STAR. Stn—ln perusing your Paper I find a vote in tiie House of Commons for a grant of 0240,000 to pay the expenses in removing certain houses in order to builJ a new Post-office in St. Martin's-le-Grand. It mil not yet be too late to suggest that a considm, ble sum might he saved by removing the Exci.a.- office to the: sake of the old Custom-hnuie, in Tha mes . street, and appropriate the presentEr.cise.-oflice to is Post-office, by taking down eight or ten h ouses i n Bishopsgate-street, which would ke a gr an d en trance and give room enough for all the Mail coach es to piss and repass. I have no dot.ht it would sela.: from aciosa,oue to w1t30.000, any particularly R. 7 Bishopsgate-street is a fine wide street, and most cf our great Merchants reside between V.t. Paul':, Tower, and Finsbury. Should more room tr ranted at the Kite id the old clistora-houc, and Brewer's Quays, could also be taken i n . By this arrangement there would not only be considerable saving of money, but the Excise-eice and Custom-house world be b-ought tether, rl;;ch would greatly contribute to t!te convenience of all people enzaged in foreign cur mere". a A 1:• '! IlEr.C3111!;:. BRUISELS iIND FIM,VTVP - Oltr PAPE,S. It was ceafidently a - serted at Brave's na the tet , that Bonaparte arrive 3 the Feted:vs tiq 9th) at Valencier.r. , - FRANK! ( - AT, JIJNYI S. The Emperor and 4ropress ot Anetria : 1 ! day before yesterday at Cannctadt, with te m A tc : i . duke Ferdinand, who com mane.; the miry of r e • r y e The Emperor of Austria was to revair place to his head-quarters at Tleilltro%. His the Emperor ot Russia was esptcted to-day at -L -dclberg. ULU JUNE 7. The Mayer of Lille has just announced, that by order of the Governor, thr Ghent, Toutnety, and Notre Dame gates are to be shut tic)rn to-morrow. June 8. ' Several public ftanctioneries who have been st - pended, or discharged, have received from the C . mission of High Police the order to remove to the distance of fifty leagues from the trwliers. The Commission of the High Police will exercise, in re. spa to public functionar:f::, who resign, who s!l4tl b• suspended or discharged, the whole eLtent of the puwery which are confuted to it. BRUSSELS, JUNE !I. Letters from Bois-le.Duc of the sth, announce that there artive daily bodies of young men if it finest appearance, and animated with the best tririr who come there from Belgium, crying I , Orange !:;• Ever ! the King of the Netherlands for ever !" Tlicr young men, by their bodily and mental qualif,catic:li promise to serve the country to advantage. VIENNA, MAY sr. His Majesty has applinted the Archduke Rainier, Governor of Vienna, and given him the supreme di rection of the administration in his absence. WARSAW. MAY SQ, The Warsaw Correspondent states, that Pruss:ar. Officers having come into the department of Brom. berg, and persuaded young men to enlist, and many having gone away without permission, the Council of Warsaw orders all persons going away withou passports, and all those who seduce men to enlist, to be arrested. HAMBURGH, JUNE 4. The number ot Hamburgh troops reviewed here on the Slst of May amounted to 10000 men, su2efoly equipped. We have reason to believe that Swedish Pomcrae.a will be ceded to Prussia, that the Duchy of Lauer,• burg will remain in the possession of Hanover, a:al East Friesland in that of Prussia, in consequence ot arrangements concerted at Vienna. We hear that the Prussian General D'Yorck retired from service. The treaty of peace between Saxony and Frins:i has just been published in Germany. It was on• eluded at Vienna on the 18th, and ratified on the 21,t ult. The King of Prussia assumes, on account of his new Provinces, the title of Duke of Saxony, Lam!• grave of Thuringia, Margrave of both Lusatian, ;in.! Count of Henneberg. Within a fortnight after the ratification, Prussia evacuates those parts of Saxony which she does not continue to hold. PROCLAMATION OF THE KING Of PRUSSIA TO THE INHA BITANTS OF PRUSSIAN SAXONY. " By the patent which I have this day signed, I bye tini•ed you, inhabitants of Saxony, with my subjects, your aria ,buu" and German countrymen. the general agreement of tue POSITS here assembled at the Congress has assigned to me your rouutrYs subjec ed by the fate of war, by way of indemnity, tor the hi-s which has on one side diminished the circuit of the states rantred to me. Now separated, by the course 4.f events, frem house of Princes with whom you have herr, taithtully eouneztcd for centuries, you pass over to another, which is allu d to To by the friendly ties ot neighbourhood, language, manners. and ' eh ' gton. When you beheld with pain your old connections diss.dads I reepecred that grid as tarnishing au earnest of des main's character, and a pledge that you and your children will utirf n' t and my house with equal fidelity. " Yon must be convinced Gf the necessity of your separatl ( "'• My old subjects have made great and se vere sacr ifices, i hey have gained betore the World and posterity a claim that the dan gers of the days of Gros lkertn and Dennewita should ever be far from them in fu:nre. They have given proof, that by tLe'r valour and fidelity to their King, Germany also bas been delve ed trout the disgrace of servitude. But that they may nixotua their own indepeadeoce and the freedom of Germany, that the fruits of severe tails and bloody victories may not be lusts the duty of looking to their own independent existence, and that a care fur the common weal of Germany, equally require that "11 provinces should he united to my States, and yourselves pith my people.' Germany has only won what Prussia has earned. Ih i you must be convinced of; and I place confluence in your it tr ; man and honest minds, that the oath of your fidelity will roc" equally from the feelings of the heart, as when I take• you " any people. • 'through your union with any States rich reseerou are opened to your industry. 'fbe wounds of war will be 11 01 ' 4, when the present danger and the necessity for DOI court' io defence of our independence are over. " My card for your welfare shall anxiously mete Yu" °wn exertions. A beneficent Constitution equally dividing the bur' Maned the State, a moderate (.overnment, wen "og" 14" ; a correct awl punctual distribution of justice, promote you .. domestic prosperity. Your :unitary youth writ i+iWtully dui mete brethren in arms. l'he ministers of religion will in tutu:y be the venerable Instr u ct ors i n t he religion ot you: attain;r,. Upon your literary establishments, for, many years the ,terior. of tlennau °mace and learning, I will bestow eepecia: :mono and when the Prussian thr o n e , after the lapse ot a century, t u g been firmly folinded on the virtues of peace and war. Aid 1 " freedom ot our tiatwe Germany guarded, then you Will ~a rtl7 ,,, pate in the distioguiahed rank which this ?rum. nun , wio ter and history wad also write your names, brave bazoll 9 9 in amnia of krusalan glory. (Signed) " Vienna ) May su s 1515." TRWEIUCK WILLIAg.