Star. — London, England, 1818-07-31 00:00:00

LAW INT6LLMENCXI COURT OF CIiANCERY, JULY 3b. REID IN THE MATTER OF REID. V r , Bat stated that he had an applicatio to n to his Lordship, arising out of this caw. The facts were as follows : The testator died, iogby his will a certain sum vested in trustees, •• • benefit of an illegitimate son of his, at the idling the trustees a sum of £lOOO libCral education, the testator ex .hat the son should be educated in inq a mercantile profession. Should Ii as to meet their approbation, a was to be given him by the trus ig the age of 26, but vice versa, the hlrolden. Before he was involved in debts, and was obliged of the Insolvent Act. Being by •ged from prison, his assignees now itilar stun which should come to 1 of age, which however the trus it the same time declared they had iy him the interest for his support and partitularly as the testator had lade any regulation for the disposal ' the young man act improperly. icellent Judge (Sir William Grant) ipal to be pail into Court, as, in the defect m the will, the Crown •be a party. The,cause came on as the LORD CuAticieLtert this mora le Counsel open it, and also the So t., who now (in the absence of the I) appeared for the Crown. N was heard fur the assignees, and co comment on the provisions of the sea he was stopped by the %Loa who said there was no end of ig on, if he was to be called for every ions which ought mere properly to as causes. So much time was taken prevent the other business of the , Let causes and motions be heard lot the time of the Court be wasted ing heard for another. He would , x 1 more on this' till he had gone if bankrupt petitions. It was really i him at this time of the year to hear ten perhaps two or three hundred is were pending. To ask to do so he would not, and therefore Mr. tter stop. iti-GuNERAL—On the part of the I told the other side, I could have ion to their bringing the case on in totion, but I also told them it ought • such, as it was properly a cause. id declare there was on the part of It to occupy his Lordship one mo- .ANCILLOR-•-•I believe that, Mr. Bell; •ontinue to be attacked and persecu every day ? I do not believe there in this Court so much hunted after ich obloquy thrown on as me. I have ;at when I get home, after the duties' shall find twenty or thirty letters lying from bankrupts, complaining in the most the miseries they do endure . from , their cases. But, good Gon, what , my time is to be occupied in this man-' gess, unnecessary harangues? Am I also • to be attacked and blamed for delay ? otherwise, unless I persist in hearing Mess on the day I mention that I will rott now, what I said yesterday, that roue I one step out of my regular course, • an or case, unless on the day fixed for it. would not have presumed to bring this 'le not thought the case urgent. :HANCELLOR-1 „rive you ample credit motives, Mr. Bell ; but really is not , ery suitor in this Court urgent? Every !min has a right to call on me to hear very same plea, and surely no man of terstanding will expect me to hear the tarty, which may perhaps be the ruin of of suitors. It is needless to say more, hear any such motions now, at this sea r. My mind is made up, and am Ito and no attention paid to my orders, isewhere? Put this cause (for I cannot call the paper, and let it be heard after Petitions, provided it can be so done, August, for I shall certainly rise then. 'TOR-GENERAL said, be had every rea, ocfitd, and indeed he only anticipated Lordship had now said. CHANCELLOR—Very well. I will hear Bell, but not till I have got through List. After so long delay, I cannot :ling, to be longer trifled with.—Here ended. : t o his Lordsm , • i pac facts were wg by his will j;: benefit of • time bequeath 1-Lis receiving a I ', l sis; his wish tl iier to his followin c onduct be such 17 or E5OOO es co his reaching erns was to he with o f 2 ge he became it r ule 1)..e benefit ; kor means dischari c ii n ., ? ..d the Vrtiv• tins w h en t 6 years tees refused , and at to objectior. to pay and re i nte nar.ce, a n ot, by will, ma of the corn, 511011 1 d That late most ezc ordered the PriciP eoet icesce of th mug o necessity b a r t 'm before ti 04 , who heard the 14;;TOlKiENERAL: kors,sy-General) Mr. Cot L:NSON • :uc,•eeding to at Act, whs Lou CH ANCEI : es things going 42 : hear motto, • before him so throby as to cominq on. is but let ric s; rise .iting belt cot issar a word Scrazh his list of ahsos,i to call on I each motions, wise isikrupt petitions =in vain, for I CoLinsor , had betts The SOLICITOR Cm, my. Lord, to possible objectis the shape of a mot recto be beard No. BELL code Es clients no wish as unnecessarily The Len CRA hot how can I con WI as I now am I rrer was a Judge as lam, or so Tutu so doubt, but, tha af the day, I shall oa my desk, from Newlin trams of my not bearing 1 am Ito do, if m ner by useless, en this account How can I do m particular busine heir it? I tell sr wi.l not rrocee Or hear a motion Mr. BELL No (award, had he The LORD Cr for your good the cause of eve wirer in this Co iss case on the s rational underst cause of one par =ter class of fool will not he son of the year. It rifled with, xis done chew it a motion) in the Bankrupt I before the 13th The SOLICIT, soo to be sad; slat his Lords . The LORD C your case, Mr. me Bankrupt soli.: their feel tie case ended CRIGG AN I Ik. The Sottcri ' on the part of L e • isr, from a feting in any restsain the of Lorin such pl. • spectise hands Re made t} nosed the fo plaintiffs were terchaat, for cared b y pros COI quantity was tai and with theb ▪ • keute !. Mr was put into for' lii2 e ,rt of 4 1 •'" ti 1 „...; aut , v , • a • -1 e got Li ; "••::. LA:LL r/tt LeLz ,D OTHERS V. LOS ITT AND OTHERS. Tron-G6N;ERAL moved for an injunction f the plaintiffs to restrain the defendant, selling a quantity of oil, or from inter / manner with the sale of it, and also to other defendants from delivering up to an of the oil as remained in their re- Is. this motion upon an affidavit which dis- Jllowing facts :—Some time since, the le applied to by Mr. Hilbers, an eminent 'lr the loan of £lO,OOO, Nrhich was se nnissory notes; and by the deposit of a :y of coffee. Subsequently, however, the :ken out of the hands of the plaintiffs, ir concurrence 342 casks of oil were sub fr. Hilbers failed in business, and the oil the hands of Lovitt, who acted as agent :tiff, for the purpose of being sold. A the oil was sold, and Mr. Lovitt had purchase-money. The remaining por• pia7ed in the hands of the other &fen as dill untold. Mr. Lovitt became em his circumstances, and had refused to purchuse-money which he had thus po..s.sslon. The Injunction, therf,fore, Mr. Lov;tt should be restrained from ay further in the concern. NCEL Les granted the motion, upcx ; pen to the pattio. A jSIZE.§. MAIDSTONE, JULY 29. ,CIVIL SIDE. - THE KING V. REPS AND THREE OTHERS. This was an indictment against Rees Rees, Wm. Edwards, George Wright, and John Porcher, for assaulting and falsely imprisoning two marines, named William Balls and William Vasey, at Chat ham, on the 6th of August last. The prosecution was carried on at the instance of [ the Board of Adm'ralty, and conducted by Mr. Ser jeant ()snow, and Messrs. MARRYA r and GURNEY. It appeared in evidence, that the first defendant, Mr. Rees, was a linen-draper at Chatham, and the other defendants were his servants. At eleven o'clock on the night of the 6th of August, the prosecutors, were walking on the pavement near Mr. Rees's door,' and one of them happened accidentally to touch the arm of Mr. Edwards, one of the defendants, whilst he was speaking to a female. This produced some abusive language on both sides, which ended in an attack by Mr. Rees upon the marines, aided by the other defendants, except Wright. They were knocked down, beaten and kicked violently, and afterwards taken to the case, and Balls was subsequently con fined for about fourteen days in the hospital, in con sequence of the bruises he received. Mr. ADOLPHUS, with whom was Mr. CHITTY, ad dressed the Jury with great ingenuity and eloquence on the part of the defendants, and afterwards pro duced several witnesses, the effect of whose evidence was to shew, that the prosecutors were the aggres sors—that one of them had drawn his bayonet, and wounded one of the defendants, and behaved other wise in a violent manner, which rendered it neces sary for the defendants to act on the defensive. The case went to the Jury under the directions of the Learned Judge, and all the defendants were found guilty, with the exception of George Wright. TILE KIND V. SMITH. This was an information against the defendant, at the suit of the Attorney-General, for assaulting Ni cholas Roubilliard, an Officer of the Customs, in the execution of his duty, at Deal, on the 17th of Octo ber. Mr. Stir= ONSLOW, Mr. MARRYAT, Mr. GURNEY, and • Ir. ROE, conducted the prosecution ; and Mr. ADOLPHUS the defence. _ _ _ The facts of the case were these :—Mr. Roubil liard, now a Lieutenant in the Navy, and Mr. Peate, also a Lieutenant, an?. both belonging to his Majesty's 'ship Severn, stationed at Deal, were sent in pursu ance of a deputation from the Customs, aided by ten men, to search a lugger, in the act of landing, and supposed to contain smuggled goods. In the attempt so to do, the defendant attacked Mr. Roubilliard, and struck him a blow on the breast, which made him stag ß ger several paces. Mr. oubilliard's evidence was corroborated by Mr. Peate, and the defendant was found Guilty. SPECIAL JURY.-WYATT v. SIR C. HOSTE, S. C. B. This was an action against the defendant, as repre senting the Commissioners of the Navy and Ordnance Departments at Sheerness. It was argued, that the action should be brought against him, instead of the Commissioners. Mr. Cunwoon stated the pleadings, that the plain tiff complained of the defendant tor trespassing on the waste of his Manor of Minster, and taking away the gravel of the beach ; to this it was pleaded, that the place in question was the property of the King, and that the defendant committed the supposed tres pass as the servant of the King, and by his command. The plaintiff denied this right, and asserted the place to be his own soil and freehold. Mr. GURNEY then stated the plaintiffs case, which was, that the Commissioners of the Navy and Ord nance had taker. the sea beach from the shores of the Manor of Minster, for the purpose of ballasting the King's ships, and for mangy` years they had paid the Lords of the Manor of Minster for this privilege; but of late years they had refused to pay for it, and the only question now was, how far the waste and sea beach of the Manor extended? The plaintiff claimed it as high as high-water mark of ordinary spring tides ; and the defendants contended that it was as high only as the high water-mark of ordinary neap tides. This was the only question to be tried, and he should shew a usage for a series of years, that the lords always claimed a dominion as far as the plaintiff claimed. The title deeds of the Manor were then put in, de ducing the title of the plaintiff from the dissolution of the Monasteries, in Henry VIII.'s time. Then a series of leases from the Lords to certain persons, de mising the copperas stones found on the beach be tween high and low water-marks. Next several con tracts from the Board of Ordnance itself, agreeing to pay for the shingle they took for the ballasting of the King's ships ; lastly, several witnesses, who spoke to an unvaried usage of all persons taking the beach paying an acknowledgment to the bailiff of the Lord of the Manor; and that the grant had always been taken as high as spring tide at high water-mark. Mr. Justice Assorr asked the King's Serjeant (OwsLow) if he meant to controvert these facts? who admitted he could not. The Learned Judge then said, he was clearly et opinion that the law was in favour of the plaintiff. Verdict for the plaintiff—the damages were refer. red to arbitration. CRIMINAL SIDE. Thomas Farrier was indicted upon the Coroner's Inquisition, (the bill for murder having been thrown out by the Grand Jury), for manslaughter, in killing Henry Richard Daniels, a child of three years and a half old, at Mingeham, in this county. The witnesses for the prosecution stated, that the prisoner had married the mother of the child, who was her son by a former husband ; that on the 4th of April last, the child having given some cause of of fence to the prisoner, he shook it by its two arms, asking the child, at the same time, if he was not ashamed of himself? The child answered " Yes," and almost immediately after fell down, when it was observed that its eyes were fixed as if in convulsions. A surgeon was sent for, who arrived about two hours after, when he found the child in a dying state, hav ing symptoms of concussion of the brain, and it died in about forty hours after. A physician also atten ded, and coinciding in opinion with the Surgeon, di rected the head to he opened. when an extravasation on the brain was discovered, which he considered causal the death. Both concurred that the shaking only could not have had that effect. On c oss-ex uniiiation by Mr. Por.t.ocu, r•ho was Counsel for the rruorcr,• Appealed that the shaking Sias not so violent as to excite isty otisiiiition; that the prisoner wilt habitually fond of the child; and kind to him, and was much grieved at the occur rence.—He was therefore acquitted: MAYO ASSIZES, JULY 20. Thomas -Gilroy, on the first day of, the Assizes, pleaded Guilty to the indictment charging him with the murder, on the 6th of January last, of thomas Wallace, near Killala, in this county. His plea, through the humanity of the Judge (the' Solicitor- General) was not then recorded ; and he was again put to the bar on Friday, and the prudence of with ' drawing his plea and standing his trial was, by order of the Judge, submitted to him. The prisoner, however, replied, that he could not with safety go before his GOD if he did not confess the crime he had committed. The Judge, evidently affected, still wished and urged the prisoner to accept the advantages which a trial might possibly afford him; and, after a good deal of very anxious entreaty, he at length consented, saying...." Let it be so; although I have comini.ted the crime, perhaps the great Gon may yet, in ca e I should be acquitted, afford me an opportunity to atone for it." He was accordingly put upon his trial. Goding was then sworn.--He said he was Car rying tobacco for hire on the night of the murder for the deceased, Wallace ; that Gilroy passed by them, and came behind Wallace, and struck him three blows with the shaft of a spade on the head, which rendered him speechless. Witness did not see the blows, but when Wallace screeched he looked back, and Gilroy said to witness—" You and I are in part."' Witness said he had nothing to do with it. Prisoner took home the tobacco, and witness did not strive to take it from him. The prisoner was asked if he had any questions to put to the witness? and he replied, that he had no wiestions, nor any thing to say for the purpose of saving his life ; but observed, that the witness did not tell the truth; that Wallace would not be killed but for him; that lie (prisoner) gave him but one blow, and that one went through - his heart; that witness then said the business was not done at all, and that if he (prisoner) did not finish it, the witness would, and thereupon gave him the two other blows. The Jury, after a very short consultation, returned a verdict of Guilty. The humane Judge, labouring under a strong sen sation, proceeded to declare the sentence of tht. law: —" homas Gilroy, I feel," said his Lordship, " in your case a consolation which few .ludges experience, and which I have never before felt. Ibis arises from the persuasion that I am to pronounce sentence upon a sincere penitent. Under this impression, I shall not precede the awful duty that devolves upon me by any other observation, than that I entertain an ardent hope and an humble confidence that your con trition and penitence will be acceptable before your Atationrx and ALL-MERCIFUL JUDGE." This.day was then appointed for his execution at Citstlebar, and he has already passed into eternity in the same state of mind which he evinced upon his TIPPERARY ASSIZES. John Condon, John Murray, John Scrugham, and Richard Parks, were indicted for the murder of Daniel Ryan, at Ballinlinty, near Tipperary, on the 13th of September last. For the prosecution, John Brien swore, that he was by when Daniel Ryan was shot ; a number of them had been making hay (among whom was William Ryan.) The shot was tired by Murray, and the de ceased had not given him any previous provocation whatever. Brien, and those with him had been hay making in the meadow next adjoining that into which the Peelers had come. He knows the prisoners. After the shot, Parks and the Peelers took the f o rks and rakes from the hay-makers, who were all about Ryan when he was shot. He said, that he never swore that Parks said the deceased was going to murder him. That it was not Parks who struck Daniel Ryan, and that he never saw Curran do any thing. William Ryan, the brother of the deceased, swore, that while he and others were at work saving hay at Ballinlinty, Parks went to the ground—desired him to stand, and presented a pistol at him. Some of the people came up, and while he was engaged with Parks, Murray shot Daniel Ryan. He said that he never had told any one that Parks was the person who shot Ryan. He admitted that on the day before the counts constables, who had gone to the same neigh bourhood to execute a warrant, were beaten severely, and two of them left for dead, within four fields of the place where Ryan was killed. He heard the constable call to him to stop, and did not make any resistance. This man was in jail for the rescue. John Meaney, one of the extraordinary police, swore, that he was one of the party with Murray and Parks ; that they went to execute a warrant against some persons for rescue committed the day before, and they had a warrant for that purpose. He did did not see Ryan shot, but saw him-when dead. He saw William Ryan there in a very outrageous man ner, wanting to fight ; and when he saw Parks, Win. Ryan bade them to take that ruffian (Parks) out of his sight, for that it was he killed his brother ; the first time Meaney saw Parks on the ground, he was cut and bleeding at the nose and mouth and one of his fingers cut, as if struggling to keep his pistol ; and he saw William Ryan attempting to wrest the pistol out of his hand. James Millar, chief constable of the extraordinary police, swore, that on the day in question he was on the road at some distance, near a quarter of a mile from where his men were, at that time he saw Wm. Ryan running in his s hirt—that one of his men, whom he at a distance could not identify, came up with Ryan, and they struggled. A great number of persons, to the amount of forty or fifty, then came up towards his party, armed with pitchforks, clubs, and rakes, in all directions; the men were struggling five minutes. He heard the first shot fired by Parks, and Ryan said, it was Parks that killed his brother. He made off directly towards the place, but was forced to arrive at it by a circuit which made the length nearly half a mile, and before he reached it the second shot had been fired, and Daniel Ryan killed. The people were very furious, and he called his men and took them off as quickly as possible. The persons against whom the informations had been sworn for the previous rescue being unknown, a man who could identify them was taken with the police constables for that • purpose. William Byari ism. a: :nee with a pitchfork ; the appearance of the party wai Id risttie Parks' prisoner. Millar gave these men an excellent character , sober peaceable conduct, during the existene establishment. The Leal:ilea Junot charged the Jury; wonted humanity and judgment, and after Spent in deliberation, they returned with a ()Linty against Murray and Parks, For . conviction (Parks's), his' Izirdship could not that there was the slightest foundation, and ' sent hack the Jury to reconsider it. But sisted, and found Mit these men Guilty—acqt the two others. Judge DA T immediately pronounced sent ordered Murray for crecnrion on Friday, tinctly told Parks that he felt it world be to represent his cage to G3vernment—and allowed time for the interposition of merc• And the Grand Jury lavinj3 presented to ship a very strong memmial on behalf of M , has been respited to give time for trying tht that application. The trial of Hussey was appointed last commence this norning,, at nine o'clock The witnesses received Lest evening notice At Knutsford Sessiens, J. II lx4 7 r. a weal Manchester, was convicted of picking the J. Mace, and sect s inced to six mondis imprit and to be once whipped. The depl'aved yow ever, on hearing his punishment, with an dared, that he would have preferred being transported ; and stooping down in his box, off his shoe, which bad an Iron heel, and.hu' the Chairman, Sir J. T. STANLET : he f( missed his aim, the shoe passing between man and T. TRAFFORD, E.g. who sat on SirJoicg, after a short consultation amongst ther Justices, made the folk sing alteration sentence: —" That he should be taken out and whipped instantly, under the windoi Sessions House ; to be confio.ad two years, ing the time, to be whippid once is ea. towns of Middlewich and Smckport."—Tho part of the sentence was immediately c? execution. The Sacket's Harbour Gazette cf t!se 13th tions, that on the preceding Saturday, .Jai and Malaki P. Varian, corporals in the 2d United States Infantry at Madison Ilarracl to fight each oiler with muskets. In the with their muskets loaded, and accompani serjeants, John Loper, and Francis Powlo walked side by side, apparently in good the bank of the lake adjoining the harm turned back to back, marched five or six and at the word ready' wheeled, and charged his piece, loaded with powder and contents of which passed through the heart who fell and instantly expired.' "The the. implicated, (adds the Gazette), were immediate' rested. and' committed to jail, to await the' We, highly approve of the plan Blsii giving the names of the places where the sells are sent to ; we observe ke notices places last Lottery which had large Capi the preceding Lottery nearly as many hi Prizes of him, and Lottery before that he .G 20.0( ). Prize, and gave similac,ascount it is in our recollection, that there is hart of any note but what has had Capitals of late Lotteries—Though BLitt gives the n: places, he never menuons the names of tht. purchasers. It is a maxim In Trade that where Purchasers been well used they will go again. The r doubt, well remember that MARTIN and hill; and 120, Oxford-street, Sold in Two No. 12,086, the last Prize entitled to 4. Pi; The present Lottery, which begins NEX' contains a similar inducement, with ‘, £30,000, but M. and Co. have sold a fat than even these. The Matchless 01.0,000 Sold by them thousands remember, and £20,000, £lO,OOO, &c. Prizes, has deservL their name amongst the highest distributors tune's Favours. The name of the Right Hon. Sir 'Wu.. was accidentally omitted in the list of , sioners for Building New Churches. Saturday se'nnight a wolf entered the Caillau, near St. Loubes, in France, a could be killed it dangerously wounded A girl named Boulard, in the Comm sanne (Drome), who had been bitten 1,7' was taken ill on the 2d instant, the after the accident, with hydrophobia, three days. Not less than 1,077 par-.enders arri‘ from Dover between she 6th and the 21 The returns during the same period were A Vienna article in the French Paper one of the first merchants of Presburg 3,000,000 currency. From Stockholm, the 10th instant, it that for a fortnight preceding there-had and the heat had been almost insupportable. Tun Famtsiszn AHAB.— An Arab, the desarti had not eat for two days, self on the point of perishing for hunger, near one of those- wells where the cans , water their camels, he saw on the sand them bag. He toak it up ; he felt praised, said he, 1 believe it is dates or , rof this delightful expectation, he hastened bag ; but at the sight of its contents, he, in a sorrowful accent) it is nothing CORN-MARKET, MARK-LANE, The arrivals of Wheat and Oats from week have been very considerable, and were accordingly heavy to-day, althouy lower terms than on Monday by 2s. In Barley there is but little doing, and minal,—White Peas are 4s. per qr. lower. veral samples of new at Market.—P Monday's prices, but arc not brisk in SMITHFIELD MARKFT, Jrl To sink theoffat—per stone a. -Beef ..... &I to 45 R 4 I Veal Mutton .. ..4s Od to 5s Ott I I'..rk Lamb - as. Od. to es ( Beasts 640—Calves Vey..-Sbeep nail • MAY A Nis STRAW PER LO, Hay £6 to £8 ns I Straw /' Clever S to Si Homo ... I . t. . . . • iriii. WI i '. 3 4 . rider, rof t ?•• -* •i !nee of OA , . . . ~ ~ i.; with his I ''' . . some time, ,verdict of s he latter tot concur 1 d therefore 1 . s ti 1 they per- sacquitting , . . 11 ritence, and r, but, dis- s his duty , , I therefo: e i • ' I cy to him. ' i t his Lord- , 1 klurray, hi 1 i . he effect of 1 i t I I • it night to i c precisely: . : 1 t 1 ~ ': ►, e to attend. !aver, from I 1 e pocket of ; , •1 nisonmenti 'outh, how- i ,n oath de- lt ' ‘ ; ng hung or . , i. lox, pulled i 1 hutlei it at fortunateLy 1 s the Chair- 'ri '',i i t 1 his left.— gst his 13;-o- 4. 1 Lion in the ‘ t it of Court, Avs of the 1, and dm-- ;ach of the The former carried intd Ith ult. 'lien- raine3 Hang d Regiment seks, agreed !! I : aftecrsem nied by two 1 ley, " they s ; • humour, to racks; then ... paces each, t Many drs- nd ball; the , , I rt of Varian, Free person! ' 1 lediately ar- 4 ! le'r trial. i adopts, of ' Capitals he ii n nearly 30 il ; )italt, and in 41 1 had £30.000 t e sold 'Three ‘1 , , int.- r ln fact, trelly a place , l, 0 f him in the . names of the i l ' l ' the fortunate . . rchasers have he Public, no ~, . I Co. 8, Corn- . • ; i : welve F.s.'.fares ; J 'ipes of Wine, XT T I.' c'eo Av, i . ' l ' Priies of arger Capital I . ; lills 0 Shared and ''' EA. I their List of ry edly ranked i ,utors of For , [IMAM SCOTT ' the Commit' t the village of ' and before it 4 six pet sons, s mune of gar.; ti py a mad wolf, 4 i sixty-first day t, and died in r I • lee!' at Calais j' 1 a +.; 21st instant.— i •ere C 55. ; ‘; f 4 ers states, that .. had failed for it is mentioned, t id been no rain, ortable. b, wandered itt . I i , and saw him., 1 , i ;er. In passing , , aravans stop to id a small lea- s t it—" Alla be 1 1;. • or nuts." Full t I 'fled to open the '4' 1 s, ~ Alas (cried :t„ 1 .1 g but pearls." JULY 31. ' lit ' 1 •om abroad this. 4 d sales of each 3gh tendered on per quarter.— d prices are no- wer, having se- -1 -Beans support I sale. I i TLY si, Ills. it at Od to ss 64 44 Oil to Si. 64 ed. s 6 ,B'o —rise V. DAD. si Os to .e 2 ISs . Os 006 to Os • 4 ( • ''''') 4 l',/ *, v . -