Star. — London, England, 1824-09-25 00:00:00

J friends of liberty, which would be more powerful than song places or disciplined troops. One of his first objects was to procure a suspension of hostilities be.. tween Spain and Peru; and for this purpose he pro pcsed a negotiation to General La Serna, which the latter was obliged to decline. The harmony which reigned between the President of the Republic and his creators, the Congress, was so complete, that they soon added to his first title that of Marshal of the Armies of the Republic. The President and Marshal of the Armies , immediately declared the coast occupied by the enemy' in a state of blockade; and on the 23d of May dis patched from Callao an expedition of more than 5,000, troops, composed entirely of Peruvians, against the most southern districts of Peru occupied by the Spa niards. This expedition was to be joined by g,OOO men l from Chile, and about the same number from Buenos, Ayres. The remaining forces of the allied southern Republics were to co-operate with those of Colombia in, the centre, and all were to fall upon the enemy in their! strong hold in the valley of Jauja, us soon as the dis-' embarkation in the south had beeadifected. The Pre-! sident had made other arrangements into which we', have not space to enter. This expedition to the south was commanded by General Santa Cruz, who had or ders, in case the forces of the Spaniards concentrated in the Inteintedios, to disembark near Lima, and attack the Spanish troops assembled in the valley of Jauja. This plan of campaign appeared so good, that it was im po,sible to conceive its failure; but, strange to say, it did fail: When the Pertivian force left Lima, this capital was garrisoned by the allied troops, the greatest part of which were Colombians, commanded by General Sucre. Hence a lonurain of evils. Ou the 23d of May, 1523, the Peruvian expedition! set sail for Arica, the most southern part of Peru ; and übont the middle of June, the Spanish force, in total, disregard of the excellent plan laid for their complete, orerthrow, advanced upon Lima, now nearly destitute of troops, resolved to force a general engagement, or to' disperse the new authorities. In this state of things, our author, the l'reident, thought most opportunely of saving the Congresa, their archives, and some of the public property, by conveying them to the fortress of', Callao. In a council of war, all the military chiefs! :agreed in the propriety of this retreat. To Callio, ac cordingly, the Congress pre ceeded, under the protec til r of General Sucre, and the Colombian troops. Here the disagreement between M. Riva Aguero, and his old friends, the 'Members of Congress, commenced. Cooped uii in a small inconvenient garrison town, and con demned to hear every day of the enemy's success, their q rarrels would appear to have increased, directly as the magnitude of their common danger, and inversely as the importance of their subjects of contention. The Gentlemen of Congress, either desirous to resume the executive authority, of which they had divested them e ye. in favour of the President, enraged at the dis a ; eaable situation in which they were placed, or dis p ised to gratify a powerful neighbour, consulted about depriving Riva Aguero of his military supremacy, and conferring it upon the Colombian General Sucre. As this is the proper time to introduce on the stage this body of legislators, our author does it in due form, but with no very respectful ceremonial. • Congress, before it left Lima, was composed of 79 de puties; and only 33 of these had really been . ;lected by the places which they pretended to represent. Forty-six of the assembly were the Cure supplementary, and eected in Lima, as the deputies of America to the Cortes of Spain had formerly been elected in Cadiz. Among these supplementary deputies, nine were Colombians, four from the province of Buenos Ayres, and one from Chile. These deputies enjoyed each ten dollars a day, and are accused by our author of creating more numer ous !laces than those alrich existed under the Viceroy alty, to support their friends, or gratify their creatures. This assembly, which had passed a decree in 1822, banishing the Colombians from Peru, as dangerous to Peruvian independence, n AR/ offered a decree for the sanction of the President, appointing a Colombian com mander of their forces. The President at fist refaced to sign this document, but afterwards consented to do so under protest; he being then, as he declares, in the power of a faction who clamoured for his deposition, and even threatened his life. On the 19th of June, the Congress, who found their situation at Callao neither agreeable nor safe, passed a Decree for transporting themselves and the Government to Triadic; a town nearly 300 miles so the north of Lima, and not far removed from the frontier of Colom bia. General Sucre, in this same decree, aas nomi nated Commander-in-Chief of the united forces. The Ea-President likewise proceeded to Truxillo, but sepa rated, as he says, from the centre of operations, and possessing no real authority, he could do i:otl,ing for the independence of his country v, it hour dissolving the Con.: gress by which he was in fret deposed. This he did not hesitate to do after he had received offers of sup port from some of the Peruvian Military Officers. :Ic. cordingly, on the I9th of July, lie issued au order, in which, after telling the small body of legislators which he calls the Fraction of a Congress (and which we would call the rump), that he is answerable to Con and men for the preset cation of public order, he declares them dissolved, and deprived of all privileges which they had usurped. It would be needless to enter into the question of Riva Aguero's motives for this conduct. He grounds his justification on the fact, that the majority cf the De puties had never been elected to the trust which they exercised, b./ the provinces in whose name they acted. but was not this the same body which appointed him Presideht ? and if so, was their title better in March than when matured by the lapse of a whole summer of un disputed sway ? In the meantime, the traitor Tagle was appointed to the command of the forces at Lima, and Sucre proceeded on an expedition to the south..- The Members of the dissolved Congress proceeded to . Guayaquil, to invoke the assistance of General Bolivar to settle tire divisions. That General accepted the in vitation, and set sail for Lima, where he was supported by 6,000 troops, and was proclaimed Liberator of Peru. Thus, in the beginning of September, 1824, we have a President of the Peruvian Republic in Truxillo dissolv ing the Legislative Body ; a Commander-in-Chief in the south, who held his appointment from that body ; and a Liberator in Lima, declared Supreme Chief, with dic tatorial power, by the rump of the Congress which the President had dissolved. Bolivar, before he was in vested with the supreme power, which took place on the 10th of September, addressed the rival Chief in the following striking letter, which has already been pub lished by us, but which our author does not allude to: TO SENOR DON JOSE RIVA AGUERO. " Lima, Sept. 4,1823. deal frienit—lt is with infinite pain that I have to address you on a matter the most unpleasant, indat the same time the most momentous which can occur in the We of a pabile character. It is unnecessary at this period to enter into an investigation of the cause of difference between yourself and the Congress, or even to analyze the character of it. The fact is, you are now at oven war with the National Representation of your country. This. Representative Assembly was convoked by the founder of its liberty, and has been acknowledged by the public Authorities and people of Peru. You yourself owed your elevation to the Presi dency to this Assembly. It is therefore beyond all doubt, that the authority of a body elected by the nation can never be annulled by any individual, of whatever rank he may be ; and much less by you, who was one of the principal agents in the establishment of popular representation, and to which, as President, you have solemnly taken the oath of obedience. In fact, my friend, the principle, I believe, does not admit of discussion : let us see what will be the result of a line of conduct in opposition to it. " Bonaparte in F.urope, and Iturbide in America, were the most extraordinary men, each in his sphere, which modern history pre sents to the world. Although benefactors of their country, and promoters of its national independence, they have . been unable to escape ruin merely on account of heir political sacrilege in pro- faning the temple of the laws and the sanctuary of social rights. You to this have added the most scandalous outrage on the persons of your Ministers. I think you cannot be insensible to the united clamours of indignation excited amongst all classes of men at what took place in Truxillo, and which, believe me, is the blackest stain that bas sullied the revolution of America; consequently you can expect nothing but maledictions in this country, and disapprobation in Europe. I, notwithstanding, make you a tender of my friend-. ship, and offer you aL the protection which my situation can afford. If you are inclined to accept my good offices, Colonel Urdaneta and Mr. Galdeano are authorized to accommodate matters with you, as well as with those who are acting under you in this horrible affair. " The ruin of Peru is inevitable should die acceptance of these generous offers be delayed ; by your refusing them, you can expect nothing but the slavery of your country, and your execration by every American. Public opinion will be so decidedly expressed against you, that not even in your own conscience will you be able to find an asylum. That you or your partisans can ever rule in Lima, is out of the question. One and all of us will become the avengers of Peru ; nor, if the enemy again subjects your country to the Spanish yoke, can you, even in this case, chtain what you aspire after. Finally, rest assured, that no propitious fortune can alter the principles of natural order which you have trampled upon, and this affair will prove a source of remorse which will accompany you to w the grave. - - - " Have the goodness, my dear friend, to pardon the frankness of my exposition. Having been actuated by no unworthy personal motive, but constituted the head of an independent State, I could not, without failing in my duty, remain silent on the subject of your conduct, which, at the present unhappy period, may produce incal culable mischief to America. On the other hand, I cannot forget what you have done for America, and particularly for Peru, of whose relica yoti were the saviour. DOI. IVA IL" It was difficult with such elements of discord as two sepseme chiefs and a divided army, to avoid a civil war. This calamity appears to have been prevented by an act of treachery on the part of Bolivar's friends, who thought they had an excuse for their conduct in the ne-1 gociations which the Ex-President had opened with the; Spanish General La Serna. Colonel Gutierrez de la I Fnente, who had owed his appointment to Aguero, was 1 the Officer who apprehended him in Truxillo on the 25th of November last, having approached to within two leagues of that city with his Regiment on the pre ceding day, and having had a conference with the Ex- j President about settling matters without a civil war. We have not left ourselves room to describe the mode in which our author was treated after his apprehension, or the manner in which he was imprisoned at Guaya quil, and afterwards transported out of the country. life declares, in conclusion, that he was a sincere friend of Peru, that he entered into the revolution from a sincere love of independence, and that be has not been enriched by it, but has expended large sums in its sctvice, besides enduring humiliations and outrages which would have deterred any other man from the cause.—Upon the whole, we cannot highly praise the work of the Ex. President, either in point of talent or taste. He never pursues a plain narrative for two pages on end. He is always quoting letters or dispatches, in stead (as be ought to do) of giving a clear statement of his own, and presuming on the faith of his readers, till he contradicts himself, or is .contradicted by others. His pedantry, too, is quite insiifferable. He cannot state a single political principle , . though as old as the world, and as evident as a mattematkal axiom, with out overpowering us with authorities from Montes• quiet', Benjamin Constant, or some other erudite author. Notwithstanding this, he appears to be a man who, with more temper, might have been useful to his country, and whom we regret to see in exile, when that count: y is so much in want of all the aid of its friends. TILE' GREEKS. TWIN! THE FRENCH PAPERS. SEM LIN, SEP r. 4. 'We learn from Constantinople, by authentic letters of the 13th of August, that Omer Vrione, PALI of Joan nina, is declared a rebel by the Sultan. This news is highly interesting to the Greeks. Being delivered from a powerful enemy, who is even going to become tlithr ally, they may realize the prediction according to which the triumph of their cause is t,o be decided in Epirus and Albania. • • TRIESTE, SEPT. io. After a long interruption we have received accounts direct from Smyrna, of the 13th of August. The Capitan Yucha had quitted his station off Mity lene on the 9th, and on the 11th he appeared off Samos. The Creek fleet followed him at a certain distance. A Tut kis!' army of 40,000 men is assembled at Scala Isluova, ready to act according to the orders of the Capitan l'.►cha. All the population of Samos is under arms: the central Government has promised assistance. Au e , , r4burg Gazette. The Ltuile contains a long letter, giving an account of Samos. The writer says, that some merchants at Samos, who had served in Russia, had introduced the European discipline with great success. The proximity of the island to the Continent tenders it easy to land in several places at once ; but the difficulty of penetrating into the interior is very great. The harbour is long and very narrow, defended on each side by batteries, the guns of which carry from side to side. The Capitan Paella could never enter: a couple of fire-ships might destroy his whole fleet, without his being able to defend himself. The number of troops assembled at Scala Nuova is certainly far from amounting to 40,000 men; for 20,000 could not subsist there fora fortnight, the country being laid waste,, partly by the frequent incursions of the Simians, partly by the Turkish soldiers themselves. It may be that the Turkish Chiefs make their lists amount to 40,000 men ; but as the Turks enlist only in the hope of plunder, most of them who have gorged themselves with pillage on the road, return home long before they have reached their destination ; and we may be sure that those who arrive with their Officers have only followed them because they have not got booty enough on the route. They do not fear being punished for desertion, their enlisting being voluntary, and the term nearly left to the soldiers own pleasure. " There is therefore more teason to hope than to fear from an attack on Samos ; and I am persuaded that the Samians will resist with as much courage as the Ipsa riots, and with much greater chance of success ; but a reverse experienced by the Turks in attacking this island Will be fatal to the few Greeks remaining in Asia Minor. The Turks will set no bounds to their revenge, and even Smyrna may feel the eirects of this disaster. There are about 7000 men well - disciplined, and inured by the de scents on the Continent." EXTRACT OF A PRIVATE LETTER FROM ZANTE, AUG. 20. " It is confirmed that Dervisch Pacha has been de feated in Livadia. His plan WAS to effect a Junction with the Turkish troops of Negropont, and from there go towards Corinth to make a diversion in favour of the Egyptian expedition, which, under the command of Ibrahim Pacha, was to land on the western part of the Peloponnesus. This plan has been broken up. The Egyptian fleet has left Alexandria, having on board 10,000 troops. The transports are either Austrian or Spanish vessels ; the English and French Captains refused the advantageous.offers made them by Mehemed Ali Pacha, to engage in this service. The Greek fleet has been divided into two diiisions—one to look after the Captain Pacha, On the coast of Asia Minor, the other to meet the Egyptian fleet. The Government has taken precautions to prevent :ay evil from the landing to be attempted from the lat ter on the coasts of the Peloponnesus ; 8,000 men are collected in the plain of Gastouric, 3,000 are going, nyder the command of London, to reinforce the army before Patras. These twe corps can easily act together, not being far apart; 4,000 men occupy the strong po sitions between Ccron and Modon. The commandant of the NI ainotes, with 3,000 men, is marching on Phocides." TI I E EVENING STAR. LONDON. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1844. THE FUNDS. STOCK EXCHANGE. TWELVE O'CLOCK. Consols opened this morning at 95k to i, for the Account, and up to this hour they remain as above, with very little doing, and scarcely auy fluctuation. ' We do not hear as yet of any arrival from Paris, but as Thurs day was the day Louis XVIII. was to be buried, the 'Change would be shot. FOREIGN FUNDS. In the Foreign Nlarket this morning there is very little doing.— Current Prices : New Spanish 16, Old 201 1, Russian 9411, Mexi can 5711, Colombian Scrip 984 disc. Colombian 771 78, Chilian 781, French Scrip 111 1 pre. Austrian 951 4, New Prussian 971, Old 991 1, Alliance Shares 104 11 pre. Portuguese 881 89, Bra zilian 11 dis. Buenos Ayres 21 dis. Peruvian 68, Greek 16 15 dia. PZZICE OF STOCKS AT ONE O'CLOCK. Bank Stock shut-3 per Cent. Reduced shut per Cent. Cons. 95 1 / 4 94 7 / 8 -81 per Cent. shut 4 pet Ct. Assented shut-4 per Cent. Old shut *per Cent. New 106% 1 / 4 —lndia Bonds 83 85 £l,OOO Escheq. Bill, (2c1.) 47; (1 1 4 / d.) 43 5 3 4 £lOO and £2OO Do. (2d.) 47 8 ; (1%d.) 47 5 Consols for Acct. 95 1 / 4 95. In a part of our impression yesterday, we gave ex tracto from the Mot:dear of Wednesday, which we re ceived by Express, at a late hour. The official past, besides announcing that the KING has granted the title of Royal Highness to the Dukes of ORLEANS and Bounnon, contains the programme of the ceremony to !ie observed on the removal of his late Maje,ty Louts XVIII. from the Palace of the . aeries to the Royal i t Church of S. Denis, on Timid l .' • O. the day of the precession, s :salute of 101 cannon, will announce its departure. We subjoin an article te s; ecting Spain, and a private kiwi from a Correspondent in Paris. None of the Par itdournals were jarblhhed on Thursday. BARCELONA, SEPT. The Naval Commander of Our port has caused to be incited in- the Diario Me rcantel of yesterday, the fol lowing dispatch, which has, been addressed to him by the G , ivernor of Port Mahon " The Dutch Division in the Nlediterranean, under the command of Rear-Admiral Wetterbech, anchored yesterday in this port, hav ing come in five days from Algiers;. and in consequence of the in formition given him by Mr. Wetterbech, the Dutch Consul has in formed me verbally, that a flotillas was fitting out at Algiers for the purpusi• of pursuing and attacking Spanish merchantmen. ii.oorn to give you this information, that you may warn the mercirints and captains of ships of Barcelona that they must take great precauLions in their enterprises. " Mahon, Sept.l. (Signed) " LIRFY." PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE. " PA Alf, SEPT. 20. " On the day of his Majesty's death, the people were admitted to see his remains; he was placed on his bed, his hands were joined on his chest, and there was a crucifix placed between them; but this was not repeated, as his illness had been such as to produce so rapid a decay of the body, after death, as to render itindispen sable that very little time should be lost before em balming his remains. This was done on the following day, and, the day after, the people were admitted to see him lying in state. Whenever there is anything to be seen, the people are, I believe, petty much alike in all countries (except in China, where they carry very far indeed, Horace's principle of 8 Ail admirari'), the crowd wet immense all day long (especially as it was neither requisite to wear a particle of mourning, nor to change their every-day clothes), and very few,l believe, obtained their object under a couple of hours. Here I cannot help observing, that the women seemed to bear heat and fatigue much worse than imir Englishwomen do, as I saw many of them abandon the advantage (for everything was done in order) which an hour's trouble had given them, and retire rather than persevere in their efforts. ge You entered by the Grand Pavilion of the Tuileries, and, ascending the staircase on the right, you passed through several apart's , ,ts, some of which were hung with black, and brilli#.tly illuminated, before you en tered the chamber is which the body was placed. Yon were, however, warned of your approach to this chamber, by the voices of the Priests, who, to the num ber of about twenty, sat on benches on one side of the bed on which the body was laid, chaunting a Mass fur the repose of the soul of the departed. Upon entering, you were struck by the splendid decorations of the apartment, which was covered all over with gold and silver, and the State-bed, or, as the French call it, the 4 Lit d'honneur' or 'tit de parade,' was most elegant. On the opposite side of the bed to that occupied by the Chunk,: were some of the Gentleati of the Court, whose so lemn rn countenances admirably seconded the grave tones of the others; there was also a proftbion of `wax-lights. tots left the room by the door opposite to the one at which you entered, and, after passing through several very handsome apartments, again entered the Court of the Tuileries, in such a state, owing to dust and perspiration, that nothing but a warm bath coald pot you to rights." The fleet said to hate been seen iii the Gulr of Mexico by the Captain of the Walther Castle on the 4th ult. steering for the wifiward, excites smith speculation in the City. The general supposition is, that they were last from Havannab, and carrying troops for the relief of the garrison of St. Juan de Ulloa. On consulting at Lloyd's the list of vessels sailing from that port, which mends to the 13th of August, it appears that the following vesseli left it on the 29th of July, viz. the Spanish sloops of war, Sabina, Captain Jose M. CHACON ; Maria Francisca, Captain Jose; and the Zsfiro, Captain J. VaLertA—all bound for the Castle of St. Juan de Ulloa. There saiiel also from Havannah, on a cruize, on thtlBth July, the French frigate La Jean &Arc, Captain Datorzr, on a cruize. Suppbsing the latter vessel to have formed a junction with the Spanish ships, there would still rema,n three or four more to be accounted for to complete the number seen. In this there may be some errror ; an 3 it is, on the whole, probable that the three sloops of war were the only vessels passed by the Walmer Castle, and , that their destination was as above stated. On the 4th of August, the convoy mentioned by the Captain of tiie latter vessel, was in lat. 22. N. long. 88. W. They were then steering direct for Vera Cruz, in CrOnt of which place the Castle of St. Juan de Ulloa is situated. Frankfort Papers to the 19th inst. reached us this morning. It appears that expte,ses had carried the ac count of the death of Louis XVIII. to Frankfort two days before the event took place. The following ate extracts: SWITZERLAND, SEPTEMBER 13. On the 6th of this month the Commissioners of t 1 e Government signed at Lucerne the renewed Capitula tion for the Papal Swiss Guard, which is reduced to its original number of 200 men. On the other hand, there seems to be but little hope of the acceptance of the pro posal to furnish 2,ooo'men for the Papal service. Cap tain Pfyffer, of the Guard, is going to return to Rome. Count Capo d'lstria, the Ituisian Minister, of State, whose residence is at Geneva, paid a visit, at the begin ning of this month, to Hofwyl, where he stopped some days.—The Great Council of the Canton of Berne, in its monthly sitting of the 6th and 7th September, rati fied the decisions of the Diet relative to the revocation of the Commercial Convention (prohibiting certain French articles, in retaliation for the prohibitory system of France), and fixed the duties on consumption of cer tain gcods on the .ame footing as before the Conven tion, it; continue till the public debt was paid. A pro posal was made to lay the consumption duty ow fo reign wines; but this was rejected, it being resolved no longer to impose taxes for the benefit of the neighbour ing wine Cantons, and, by an artificial rise in the price of wines, oblige the labouring classes to have recourse .to spiritous liquors. A wish that, for the promotion of trade, measures may be adopted that goods which pay the consumption duty on importation, may be allowed the same, as a drawback, on re-exportation, was recom mended as worthy attention, to the examination of the Little *Council. FROM THE MAINE, SEPTEMBER tz The Journal des Debats and other papers have lately stateJ, in articles dated from Helsingborg and`Stock holm, that an agreement had been made between the Swedish Government and the Russian Ambassador at Stockholm, respecting the giving up of the property of the former Royal Family, and the discharge of an annual income. All this seems to be founded on a mis take, since, according to authentic accounts, nothing more was in question than the giving ap of sums of money, the private property of the family; and her Majesty Queen Frederica entirely renounced any ermsai allowance, and desired only her ewn private property, which was detained in Sweden ever since the Revolution. It is farther affirmed, that Prince Gustavus had no concern whatever in these negotiations, having• previously given up to the Queen, his mother, the share of this property which belonged to him. STUTGARD, SEPTEMBER 13. Their Highnessses Prince Alexander and Peter of Holstein Oldenburgh, sons of her late Majesty the Queen of Wurtentburg, arrived here yesterday, on a visit to their Majesties. CARLSRUHR, SEPTEMBER is. The official Gazette of to-day, publishes the treaty concluded on the Bth of this month with the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and ratified on the 10th, by his Royal Highness the Grand Duke, with a view to promote trade and intercourse between the two countries. FRANKFORT, SEPTEMBER 17. The Duke of Montebello has arrived here from Paris. This evening, the melancholy news has been re ceived here by express, thit his Majesty the King of France died on the 14th instant ; and this in every re spect so distinguished a Prince, who has been so se verely tried by the storms of fate, is no more. By the Two Brothers, arrived at Guernsey, advices have been received from Rio de Janeiro is the 7th ult. The Minister at War, M. Goritzs Di Sir varnA. had given in his resignation, and had been succeeded in that office by M. JoAO VIEIRA Di CARVALHO. The cause of this change is not mentioned, but it appears to have been followed by an increased degree of ♦igour in all the measures of the Brazilian Government. On the day of Lord COCIIRANZ's departure, (as stated in the Star of yesterday), there arrived at Rio, the SpiaaownAwa sloop of war, having on board 500,0001. in specie from England, being a remittance on account of the loan ex pected to be raised here. This sum reached the Impe rial Treasury at a most seasonable moment, as the EM PEROR had been compelled, in order to complete within the prescribed period the expedition against Pernambuco , to advance 50,000 milreas from hi: private funds. It ' may be inferred that the proof of confidence by the mer• chants here in il.e stability of the Government, itoPlied fig Trial *mg Ur, they tit p wan BIDS' Cam' iDe - Sr Wak Gaul 'Sony Jock, bow 'earn Caps Ss Wal4 St. F Mr. wars M r. 904 • Mal crct Imo cloc, • -"MI SRI , eg !Olt in Ii pie a tred °the plash of ft to tli den ma put be u cow to ti add] atig Io bet tre oil disc . It in tt Ilia pro* IA& MIN WU MC and and Syq CUD Cho met g Pan the his till JURI 1.21. oPP yeti fen ga is 11 wu tea lON At et ani De Th bei Ike W aal it mi 1a ~1 • t• • 1.