Star. — London, England, 1824-07-20 00:00:00

! I I• • • _ SOUTH AMERICA. Letters have been. received from Rio de Janeiro, dated on the 15th. of May. In that part of the Bra zilian Empire, the utmost tranquillity prevailed, and confidence was giadually restoring itself between the Ras nor and his subjects. Loud Cochrane was fitting out an expedition, con sisting of tour snips of war, but his object was kept pro foundly secret ; he had engaged the services of the most able-bodied seamen, and he had made large pur chases of air descriptioni of military stores, particularly of cured provision., so necessary to it long voyage. it was co.sjectuted to be his intention to pioceecl against the Portuguese Settlement at Angola, on the coast of Africa*, but this supposition is extleinily improbable, for it is not likely that the Emperor would meditate an expedition against the Portsigue4 settlements at a time when he seas actually negotiating with the mother country for a recognition of the sovereign independence of his n Empire.. The more probable supposition is, that the. Pacific is the object of ihis di•tinguished Naval Officer. To estiisguish the Spanish naval force in those seas is necessary to the independence of Chili and Peru, and to consummate this event is an object worthy of the enterptising spirit of Lord Cochrane. The French line-of-battle ship the Jean Batt aimed at Rio on the Ist of May. The Mai le' ThereSe and Fame brigs of war sailed im the same day for Valparaiso. On the 19th of May the Fiend) fitgate the Magicienne sailed from off Pernambuco for Rio. The French continue to main tain a naval force no the coast of South America, cer tainly much larger than the • protectioc of their very paltry commerce iequires. A letter hom Valparaiso, dated March 13, after re lating the !vita) ink; .4 Callao, already known, and tl.e seizure of the shipping there, says—" In consequence of the news horn Spain that a fleet had sailed thence.for this countr), alt is at a stand. A gi eatnumber of Eng lish ships Ale at Callao, with the Fly sloop of war; the Consmander of the latter having made some remon strance, was flied at and driven out of port with cons,- des able damage. The brig which brought the above intelligence had seventy shot fired at her. The Franklin, 74, will leave this to-morrow for Callao. The people of this place are ail in confusion." NAVAL AND MILLI:1BI FORCE OF GREECE. EXTRACT FROM A LETTER WRITTEN BY TILE HON. CO STANHoPE, TO J• BOWRINO I ESQ. _ _ NAVY.—Tire Greek navy is composed chiefly of met. chant br►gs from Hydra, Spezzia, and Ipsara. They amount to about eighty sail. These vessels have been maintained partly by private contributions, and the sailnis are skilful and brave. The Greek fleet is of the same chat acter as the Greek army. It is not equal to cope with the combined TurkiSh fleet, but has gained a mastery over it by it, superior seamen and tactics. When I say tactics 1 allude not to those of a highly organized navy, for in these they are deficient; but there are tactics for irregular fleets as well as armies—for Corsairs and privateers as for guerillas, Pindarees, and Stratists. This too is the true military and naval policy for Greece to pursue. She cannot cope with the Turks in regular warfare, but she can harass and worry them to dean,.—Greece should have lour good frigates, sixty of her.oivir brigs, three or lour stearn-ves,els, some pri vateers, and ai few gunboats in commission. She might then be secure against every maritime power, with the exception or England. Perhaps the Committee might be able to procure for Greece some privateers, a steam vessel, and a good gun-boat as a model. One or two good haval officers ho could bend to native prejudices, and coati submit with a serene mind to all sorts of crosses, w: old he most useful auxiliaries in the cause.' ARNIY.—TI;e Captains are of humble origin, and many of them ale descended from shepherds. They or their for efatners have distinguished themselves by flying from the tyranny of the Turk., by having recourse to arms, and by their light fugitive movements and depre dations which eventually obliged their oppressors to court their alliance. These are the men who, by their courage and constancy, have kept up a spirit of resist ance and of enterprize in the people, till the nation, being highly excited by Turkish oppressions, at last broke out in a mad insurrection, and contrary to all calculation ended in emancipating themselves. The horrid massacres committed by the Greeks ha►e been urged against them with truth, but most unjustly against this cause; because the object of their struggle was to put down vise, and to establish a Government that would promote virtue. These frightful slaughters have prevented the Tut ks from treating with their ene mies on vat ious occasions; hut, on the other hand, they' have Attack them H ith terror, and have cleared the country of savages that never could have been their friends, and would always have endangered their free dom. To palliate or to deny these cruelties is, however, a false policy; the Greeks have, therefore, been openly accused of a want of Christian charity, they have pas sionately defended their conduct, they have notwith standing been condemned, and are gradually becoming less sanguinat y —witness their conduct at Corinth. The Captains are generally uneducated, and simple in their manners, intelligent, brave, and excellent mountain warriors. The soldiers partake of the vices and the virtues of their superiors, with whom they live on easy terms, and are rarely punished. They .are paid very irregularly, and when disiatisfied with their Captains either rebel or leave them. The troops are better disciplined than at the eammencement of the revoluiiOn ; 'but are said to be less daring, because the excitement ocasioned by wrongs, the love of liberty,. the enthusiasm of religion, and the hope of plunder, are more faintly felt. The Greek, soldiers are extremely tardy ; can make long marches, carry heavy weights on their backs, live Constantly in the open air, proceed without magazines, suffer great privations, endure dirt and vermin, an still preserve their high spirits. They are swift as horses, and scarcely tangible ; and if a love of liberty• can ensure perse verance almost unconquerable in their wild fastnesses. Enry soldier's mind is bent on success; no Greek ever admits the possibility of being again subjected to the Turks. If you talk of millions that are about to pour down into their country, still they never appear dis mayed. They tell you calmly, that as more come more will be famished' or mowed down by the Hellenists. This gallant feeling is universal. My opinion is, that the struggle, however protracted, must succeed, and must lead to an improvement in the condition not only of Greece, but of Asia. Oevsnatvz Orsasvous.—The_Porte has promised to reward her Pachas with the provinces which they shall conquer. The Pacha of Egypt it in posae►sion of Rhodes, and is engaged in the subjuga tion of Candia, where the fortresses are in his hands, but where a brave peasantry are in arms in the mountains. blahotned-Ali has also engaged to invade th e Morea with 5000 regular, and 110,000 Irregular troops. This army is to land at Aloilon and Caron. Out 1 ' 4 , diva :or . is teen to march or. Tripolitsa, and the other I. tr% meet in the direction of Furst, and sweep the plain. There is reason to hope that Mahomed- Ali will not succeed in his undertaking, because he is jealous and fearful of the Porte. The Mameluke Ibrahim Bey has raised an insurrection against hlm, his capital has been de stroyed by a conflagration, in which his arsenal and artillery corps have been consumed; he is engaged at war in Cavdia, and the plague rages at Alexandria. Aascr-I•acha js directing a corps from Ysnina, on Western Greece and blissulonghL The Pacha of Seadra is destined for Acarnania and Itolia. The Turkish and Egyptian fleets are in sufficient force to relieve the fortresses in Greece. This will continue to be the case until the Greek fleet is rendered more efficient and constantly employed. Davexcs or Onsecx.—l submitted to the consideration of the Greek Government the following plan, partly founded on the 'in gestions of Ulysses. There are two great -roads, by which the Turks can invade liberated Greece from the north; one by &item', and the other by Arta. The troops of the republic should be placed as follow t Troops. EASTER?. Gazsce.—At Statheda, near St. Marina 1,500 A detached body to cut the communication between Larissa and Zeitooni 500 To defend the four Passes of Thermopylm 2,000 The fiat between the Sea and Therrnopyl.e, should he de fended by field works, and 1,000 In the province of Neopaua - - 3,000 At /Ulnas, the fortress of which is efficient - 300 At Negropoiste, to protect the country till an efficient blockade can be established - 1,000 • Trim!, for Eastern Greece 10,500 Restauxs.—Twelve thousand Olympians are ready to rise against the Turks, provided they are furnished with pay for one month, and a sufficient quantity of powder and lead. If these insurgents could be supplied from the sea, they would form a powerful diver. sion in the rear of the invaders. The Greek fleet, Ulysses thinks, should be placed in the vicinity of Ipsant, to intersect all the Turkish armaments. lam of opinion that rise Greek Navy should never take up a position till they have a superiority over the enemy's squadrons. Till then they - should spread and devastate like their armies. Troops. Winans! Gazers.— in the district of Prlarrenolso 5,000 men, namely, in the defiles And in the neighbourhood At Miss°longbi, besides the brave townsmen At Anatolie°, do. do. At Lafanto, till the blockade is effected Total number of troops for W. Greece 5,500 Patorommsus.—For the blockade of Patras, and the de fence of the Thin - - 2,000 For Gastoani and Pyrgos - - a* For Vostizza - - 300 . - For the blockade of Modon and Coron - 500 For a Corps de Reserve at Tripolitza - 3,000 For Napoli di Rumania - - 5 0 0 For Corinth . - - ZOO Far Navaria - . - • ZOO Total number of Troops in the Morea Renown. Sounsas.—One Battalion of 1,000 Regular Troops should be placed at'the seat of Government, and an Artillery Corps of 500 men. Troops. Caxnu.—To reconquer Candia would require 6.000 Gross Total of regular and irregular Troops for Eastern and Western Greece. the Pelopontiesus, and Candia 30,7000 Gutzsat REMARlL—Besides the above troops, the Government should organize the entire people, and form them Into a Militia or National Guard. The most faithful and brave men of each village and town should be selected as Officers ; the troops should be mos tered and exercised every Sunday, and they should be at all times ready to turnout against either domestic or foreign enemies. When the o ictry is in a more organised state, I should recommend the ad of the military system which I submitted to the consi deration of Ulysses. Sreoes.—Everything necessary for the sieges should be prepared. Without this, or a naval superiority, Purrs, Negroponte, and La fanto never can be taken, nor Greece Secure. The resources or the bland of Negroponte, and the fine plain in the neighbourhood of Patras t ewould alone enable the Greeks to carry on the war. MILITARY MEN ABOUT TUX GOVRRNIIIINT.—The necessity of ap pointing a good Officer in the Executive Body, and in the War Departmeli, and one scientific military man about the Covets. went, was strongly urged by the Cesseaktees Agent. THE EVENING STAIR. LONDON. TUESDAY, JULY 20, 1824. THE FUNDS. STOCK EXCHANGE. TWELVE O'CLOCK. Comets opened this morning at 92j, I, for the Account, and 921, i, for Money ; at which price they remain up to this hour, With little business doing. . There seems to be a panic in South American Securities, parti cularly in Colombian Scrip, which has been done at seven dis. and Mexican at St A, which is rather strange, as the last accounts re ceived from Mexico were of a favourable description. FOREIGN FUNDS. There has been little done this morning in the Foreign Market, except in Colombian and Mexican Scrip, which are very heavy. Current Prices :—New Spanish 151, Old 21 I, Russian 941 1, Alliance Shares 12; 1, Chilian 73 to 74, Mexican Scripsll; Ceom. Man Scrip 7, Colombian 79, French Scrip 101 11, Austrian 931, Ncw Prussian 961, Old 981, Portuguese 871, Buenos Ayres 2! die. AUSTRIAN FUNDS. Vunnu., JULY 6.—hletalliques 95. 1-16. Bk. Sh. 1125. PRICE OF STOCKS AT ONE O'CLOCK.. Bank Stock 236 235 1 / 2 236 • 3 per Cent. Reduced 93% % 1 / 5 per Cont. Cons. 92% 3 / 8 3 / 8 '/s Si per Cents. 101-4 per Cents. Old 101% 4 per Cents. New 105% 3 4 ex. div. 4 per Cents. Assented 100 3 / 4 7 / Bank Long Anns. 22 % 7 / 8 India Stock 289—India Bonds 83 86 Excheq. Bills of £l,OOO (2d.) 39 14 ; (1%d.) 40 39 Do. Small (2d.) 39 45 ; (1 1 ,4 d.) 42 39 Consols for Acct. 92% 7/8 14. In a preceding column we have given an estract from a letter written by Colonel STANHOM on the affairs of Greece. The letter of the Colonel is very long ; and in 'taking a part of it only, we have selected what to us appeared the most important, a view of the naval and military' force. The letter, however, embraces nume rous other subjects, including some observations on the 'atate of the Ottoman Empire, and the views of Russia and• the Holy Alliance. If the honourable and gallant Colonel's observations are correct, the deliverance of Greece will be a much easier task than even the Greeks themselves consider it. He says— " Turkey is evidently on the eve of its fall. The reigning family is nearly eitinct ; its provinces are disunited ; Egypt and Tripoly are grown too wise for its government. A portion of Greece is severed front it for ever, and the Hellenists,who bow to the power of Turkey, hate it in their hearts, and pant for revenge and freedom. Even Albania detests and threatens to throw off its hateful yoke. The Ottoman armies arc insubordinate, and the fleets, having lost their Greek sailors, are become impotent•" The government of. Greece, since the time that it declared its independence, has varied very much at dif ferent times. When influenced by MAUROCORDATO, " the leading features of the Government were order,. and some say intrigue." Under CoLocurnont, 44 the military poWer united first with democratic, but after wards with oligarchical interests." I. Under both these systems." the Colonel adds, « the principles of a wild liberty have all along prevailed in Greece ; but those of civil liberty are only beginning to be duly appreciated followed." and _____ __- Of the Legislative Body, Colonel STANHOPE says, it is composed of persons selected by the civil and mili tary oligarchs arid the people. They naturally lean to the interests of their electors. They are respectable in character, but, like most other public functionaries in Greece, are deficient in intellectual aptitude, and have but little knowledge of business. They are friends to order, and enemies to all extortion ; and they ate care ful of the people's money." The administration of justice is in its lowest state ; but this the Colonel considers as an advantage to Greece, since " she has no lawyer bribed to teaze, impoverish, and enslave her, to the end of time; she has no old pre judices, and sacred mountains of parchment to get rid of, and she is ready to accept the best code of laws that can be offered." The inference the lion. %ether draws is, that Greece, left to herself, will form a code founded on the " scru tinizing principles of BACON:* We confess we doubt it. The police, which is supported by the military chiefs, is good, and " with the exception of Nlissolonghi, personal security prevails to a much greater extent than under the Turkish Government." Colonel STANHOPE thinks a Government of Prefects necessary, but says they are ill selected, and " instead of having a leading influence in their districts, they are generally the tools of the principal Primates or Captains;" and he adds, that the former " are addicted to Turkish habits and pr inciples of goverqment." Of the state of society in Greece, the Colonel does not give a very flattering picture; he says, " The peasantry of Greece possess a large share of rustic virtue. They were within the sphere of Turkey's op pression, but without the sphere of her corruption. Not so pith the people of the towns, who consequently par take of her vices." Among the vices enumerated are avarice, intrigue, and plundering. The exactions of the Turks drove the cul tivators and shepherds to the mountains, and they be came warlike plunderers. " Such," he adds, " was the origin of must of the Captains. It must not, however, he supposed that the Captains are the only plunderers. Many of the Primates possessed power and wealth under the Ottoman rule, and they are as grasping as the soldiery." Agriculture is described as in its lowest state, and commerce as stagnant. The taxes are not in themselves', oppressive, but the people " are ruined by the manner in which the Captain and the Primates collect them ; by the revenues entering the pockets of these indivi duals; instead of being sent to the Exchequer ; by their being appropriated to private purposes, instead of being devoted to the protection of their lands and country from the Tut ks, many parts of which are yearly over run and destroyed ; and by the occasional unlawful ex actions, and system of free quasters pursued by the Captains." Education is at a low ebb, and the want of educated men " is felt in the representative body, in the admi nistration of justice, in the prefectures, in the army and navy—in short, in every department of the State." Yet with all these untoward circumstances, which the Hon. Colonel so candidly states, he is so far from despairing of the independence of Greece, that he declares it as his opinion that " the struggle, however protracted, must succeed, and must lead to an improvement in the con dition, not only of Greece, but of Asia." The British Public, w e are sure, will feel much indebted to Colonel STANHOPE for the honest expoal he has given of the real state of Greece, whose resources, he says, are great, but unexplored; and as his narrative, contains many useful hints by which the Greeks may profit, we trust it will be translated and published in their own journals. This morning we received the Austrian Observer to the 7th instant, and Frankfurt Papers to the 13th, con taining the following intelligence from Greece: SYRA, MAY I. We have various accounts from the Islands of the Archipelago. A letter from Hydra says, "The poor Island of Candia is ruined. Tombasi has returned to the Government, to solicit, it is said, assistance for that unfortunate country. Above 30,000 persons have emi grated, or rather lied from the rage of the Turks, who commit horrible cruelties." There are two parties at Samos, so inflamed against each other, that they came to blows on Easter Sunday, when above 200 persons were killed. Above 1500 of the peaceable inhabitants have fled to Ipsara. MAT 7.-A letter from Canea (in Candia) of 20th April says, the whole province of Abocorona has sub mitted. The Greeks go in and out of Canea without fear. Stiict orders have been given by Hussein Bey, commanding the Egyptian troops, that no insult shall be offered to the Greeks who have submitted, under the severest penalties. The Sphackiots ate disposed to . submit, but on con • dition that they %sill' not recognize any Pacha of the Porte, but only one sent by the Viceroy of Egypt, whose humanity is known to them. They have sent several of their Chiefs to Hussein Bey to treat on this subject, but the result is not known. MAT 11:—We have received the news of the arrival of the Turkish squadron off Negropont: three Iptariot vessels that were blocka.iing the island, were taken by burprise; the crews escaped on shore, after setting fire to_ their ships. • MAT 12.—A letter from Scopola says, that the Turkish fleet, of seventy sail, was off that island ; the inhabitants were resolved to defend.ittemselves if they w 3,000 2,000 400 50 so _7.400 should be attacked. The fleet, it seemed, passed Mount Athos in the nigh ,without beng observed by the Greeks. We are happy to see the universal homage that is done to genius, in the respect that is paid to the me. mory of Mr. WATT. The meeting held in London to erect a M. nument to his fame, represented all the rank, character, and talent in the Metropolis. His MA. JESTY, with a bounty that has had no parallel, headed the subscription with a donation of £500; and the FIRST LORD of the TREASURY, the CHARM LOR oftbeEXCHE. QUER, the SECRETARY of STATE for the Hoke Dr. PARTA ENT, and the PRESIDENT of the BOARD of TRADE, attended, not merely to aid the subscription with their purses, but to do homage to the talents of a man whose name is identified with the greatness and prosperity of his country. At Edinburgh, a similar meeting was at. tended by persons of the highest character, *here all puty distinctions were forgotten. At Greenock, a meeting for the same object takes place to-day ; and we are sure that Glasgow, a city whose trade has been so largely indebted to Mr. WATT, will not be the 1:::t to acknowledge its obligation, by a tribute to the me mory of their benefactor. M. DEPIX, an eloquent French writer, when noticing the manufactures of Great Britain, says—t' To the improvements invented by the celebrated WA.' T, it is owing that the steam 'engine has become an universal moving power. No invention ever before comprehended, within so small a compass, and at a fourth of the ordinary expense, a power so great, so constant, and so regular. In WAIT we behold one of the Lenefactors of his country." Such is the compliment paid by a liberal and enlightened foreigner—the memory of WATT claims more troni his countrymen. In nothing, perhaps, aisr the benefits of peace more obvious than in the improvements which have been made since the conclusion of the war in the British metropolis. We have noble streets, splendid crescents, bi idges which have not been inaptly deemed bridges of giants."— Another bridge over, and a tunnel under, the Th.ime:, have already been commenced, and whichever way we turn, east, west, north, or south, we find London ex tending and improving ; but of all the projects yet en tertained for improving the Metropolis, that of erecting a spacious Quay from Westminster to the New London Bridge is not only the most gigantic, hut would co; duce most to the health and elegance of this great city. The Report of the Meeting at which the project was so enthusiastically entertained, will be frond in another column; and we are sure it will neither he considered as detracting from the merits of the plan itself, nor of the gallant Colonel who ha, taken so prominent a lead in promoting it, to state that the idea is not new. When the dreadful conflagration of 1666 had de stroyed a great portion of the city of London, various plans were submitted for rebuilding it. That of Sir CHRISTOPHER WREN, for having three wide streets running from east to west, intersected by others of equal width, is pretty generally known, and alihough no doubt excellent, seem, to yield to the project of Dr. Nawconar, w h &. among other things, urgently recom •mended a quay similar to the one now in contempla tion, as will be seen from the following account of it, which we quote from the Percy Histories of London: 4 ' According to the plan of Newcourt there was to be ' one straight goodly row of noble buildings,' facing the river from the Tower to Bridewell, and in front of it • a fair *hart of sixty yards broad to the water's side;' this row of buildings was to be erected on arches, through which all the streets leading from the water aid: were to open, so that the continuity of the terrace might remain unbraen." _ NORTH POLAR EXPEDITION. _ The GRIPS* sloop of' war Captain Lynx, discovery ship, arrived at Stromness on the 29th ultimo, accompanied by the surveying ship Sxar. Lieutenant Bounce commander, which Is to accompany the Gears to the mouth of Hudson's Straits, and afterwards proceed to the coast of Newfoundland. These ships sailed on the 3d instant. During their stay they were visited by a numerous company of Ladies and Gentlemen, both from town and country; and Captain LYON and his Officers, in a frank and gentlemanly manner, afforded every opportunity of satisfying the company in every particuhr, by an exhibition and explangtion of the vie of all their instruments. &c.—The Games goes direct to Repulse Bay, where site is to win ter. from whence Captain Lyox and his party proceed upon their arduous discovery by land. By the arrival of the C Ul=l a • RIOGA at Liver pool; accounts have been received from Demerara, which place she left on the 14th of June, at which time the Colony was perfectly tranquil. Yesterday Mr. CANNING entertained a distinguished party to dinner: among those present were, Prince Ertammpr, Count Liens, Count Vusa MEAL, Don F. Zza ne Bcituum:, the new Spanish Ambassador; Baron de NISMANII, Earl and Countess BATHUSST, Lady E. BATHURST, Mr: Litmczeson, and Mr. PLAXTA. This afternoon, a Cabinet Council was held at Ile Foreign Once, in D owning-street. Yesterday, the Duchess of KENT and the Princess SOPHIA MATILDA visited Prince LTOPOLD. Mr. Secretary CANNING gave a grand dinner yester day, to the Foreign Ambassadors. &c. at Gloucester Lodge. A certain Lady in high life is now pursued by no less than three Marquisses! BALLASTEROS has arrived at Rochefort hold Catlir, in a French frigate. We understand that Mr. WILBERFORCP is well enough to take his daily ride; and, in the opinion of his medical attelid,uu. has a fair prospect of soon regaining his former state of health. Tuesday, at the election of a Member of Parliament for the county of aackrnanann, in the room of Rowel BRUCE, 1":* of Kennet, who has accepted the Chiltern Hundreds,the lionourlt.i . GEORGE RALPH ABISCROPIST, Captain in his MAJESTY S Mid !lei)• ment of Dragoon Guards, was unanimously deck& The recent arrival of a Lady who moves in the very highest ranks of fashion in this country, has been caused by an incurable attachment on the part of her husband to a Lady, Mrs. B. the widow of a gallant officer. This attachment, we are sorry to say, has ended tin an elopement, and articles of separation have been agreed to by the Lady, who, having already brought to her husband a most princely fortune, which he had dissipated, she has, notwithstanding his frailty, con. sented to allow him 3,0001. per annum out of that por tion of her own fortune which had been secured to leer at her marriage. Tuesday, Charles 31 , Etean, an itinerant wireworker , was tried before the High Court of Justiciary, at Edinburgh, biting off a part of the nose of Hush Robertsou, a tr.vellii , g kr, and seutsuced to be publicly whipped through Bathgate, 01 1 1 afterwards kept at bud tabular lot twelve LooLtb4 in :be Elidcef of Ediuburi;l4. .00 . f Cdr. ecru reco Vila amo VIM Poll Oar taro W ed 1 14 bis • Fa by d tot Mob = and dent lieu ;met Ti ngur 1 MI San K pi Pr?! labia late ist (Lord, Mr witne away, On 1111 wikh migbi Thi rap but tl Wi WOW, on r skip, and li Ilt tE4 -.iii Prtrai lour en Win him. itill 11 IS sw Mt. be ha Th tune Ai Ing a Nan thin!' 0 11 ; tio ,