Star. — London, England, 1818-08-27 00:00:00

• . -. r. . i t i 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 ' I 4 a ( I i". ' :I i I , e. • . t i A 7 t . , i I ii f ' 1 1 , i t 1 , t 1 .. I 1 1 A i i' 3. • 1 , \ - 1 sons of both sexes, of whom it could be said by the Chaplain, that the punishment of imprisonment made them much worse, and corrupted and debased their characters in a higher degree than they were before their commitment. Instances have been cited of per sons who pass ten months out of twelve within its walls L--and your Committee entertain nodoubt that all who enter fish prison quit it worse members of so ciety than they were at the period of their first im prisonment. The insufficient classification (if the word can be applied to all the limited separation which takes place among the prisoners); the mixture of the young and the old ; those committed for re-examination with the sentenced felon; the entire absence: of all employ ment ; the want of every species of work ; all these departures from those wholesome rules and regula tions which ought to be established in a place of con finement, have fully satisfied your Committee that a radical and substantial change of system is necessary, and that this prison, like many others, contributes most materially to promote and augment that deplo rable increase of crime which exists throughout the metropolis, and which is ao where better exemplified than by the fact, that the commitments here were in 1815, 1,503; in 1816, 1,835; and in 1817, 2,652 persons. CLERKENWELL PRISON. Your Committee next visited Clerkenwell Prison, and having called Mr. Beeby before them, proceeded to examine him as to the state of the prison under his management. This prison has been recently con. structed, and is not as yet entirely completed. Your Committee refer to the plan printed in the Appendix, which will explain distinctly the form and ar•range ment of the prison. The keeper is appointed by the' Magistrates of the County of Middlesex, at a salary of £4.00 per annum, with a house to live in, taxes paid, and an allowance of coals and candles. There are besides, six turnkeys, at 255. a week each. The Rev. Daniel Ituel is Chaplain to Clerkenwell, as well as to the Colcthath-fields prison; he is appointed by the Magistrates of the County of Middlesex, at a sa lary of i.:120 per annum. Thomas Webb, Esq. is the Surgeon also for the two prisons; his salary has been recently raised to £4OO per annum, out of which he has to provide medicines. —(To be continued). AMERICA. • The American Papers, as usual at this period, are filled with accounts of the celebration of the anniver sary of the independence of the United States. The enthusiasm called forth by this festival in the present year, appears to exceed that of all former occasions, and to diffuse itself more generally through all ranks of the people. The 4th of July is the. day on which this great event occurred, and the present is the 43d year of' independence. The inflated style assumed by the Editors of the American Journals on this oc casion is one of its remarkable attendant features, and has afforded us so much amusement, that we have been induced to extract a specimen for the gratification of our Readers. It is taken from the Baltimore Federal Republican : " FOURTH OF JULY, issa. " Hail gitat Republic of the World!" 4 ' Forty-two years have elapsed since our fathers in general conclave assembled, appealing to HEAVEN for the rectitude of their intentions, after having soli cited from the mother country, I in the most humble terms,' those rights and privileges to which they were entitled by the laws of nature and of nature's Goo, •declared that these then Colonies were, and of right ought to be, free and independent States. The con test was long and doubtful, and although hope was nearly merged in dismay, while our veteran army was retreating through the Jerseys, the spirit of our fathers was invincible, and with the aid of DIVINE PROVIDENCE the genius of Washington established she liberties of his country on a permanent and du rable basis. " The various gradations through which this g land of the free, and home of the brave' has passed since the hour of her emancipation from a state of thraldom and colonial vassalage to her present envi able and dignified rank anion the nations of the earth, should inspire us with profound veneration for, and gratitude to, the GREAT Jenovan, for the many and diversified favours bestowed upon us.— Our late contest with the same colossal power will demonstrate, that we inherit, in an eminent degree, the spirit and amor patrice of our fathersi . a few of the most striking incidents of which we will now te hearse. The first act of the war extorted from the enemy the reluctant tribfite of admiration; it was the escape of the 6.!onstitution from an entire and formidable squadron. The next buried the pride of their boastings in the Guerriere's grave. It was the enviable lot of the gallant Hull to sunder the Gor dian knot of British invincibility. The subsequent Victories achieved by Decatur, Jones, Bambridge, Lawrence, Blakely, and other valiant worthies, gave confirmation strong, that the trident of the waves was wrested front the grasp of its tyrant. Previous to this, Englishmen scoffed a the supposition that any nation on earth could be put in competition with them, especially the Americans. The Yankee cock boats and fir-built frigates had become with them a popular jest ; and it was boldly averred, that in six weeks they would be swept from the ocean. This, indeed, seemed but too probable. " The ocean swarmed with her powerful fleets, and scarcely a harbour on our coast afforded pro tection from them. Yet there was a spirit in the freedom-strung nerves of the tars of Columbia which hireling vassals never knew. They fought and con quered. Its no instance, during the war, was the star-spangled banner struck to an equal force. The annals of the world cannot produce a parallel to this. Foiled on the ocean, they resorted to experiments on a larger scale—fleet against fleet. In both iiistances on the Lakes their Commanders were old and expe rienced, having participated in many memorable battles, and were cgrummate naval tacticians, while Ferry and Macdonough were mere novices, striplings In naval warfare. In the first, Barclay, the pupil of Nelson, and his entire fleet, wets captured by Perry; in the latter, the gallant Downie and his fleet surrea-1 dered to Macdonough. Though fearful were the tidds, the watehword-of the dying Lawrence had be ' tome provetbiel with the American tars, and they 'swore nevet to give up the ship. Letithen the bantling of federalism, the prop of the rcenblic, be nurtured and cherished; sufkr it to twrease .in a ratio proportionate to the resouries of the country. It is the beat-expounder of national lan and wrest pledge of national rights, in which event the belikerents of Europe will never dare sport with Our fags by impressment, &c. • " The fame or the American Navy shall be as lasting as its deeds have been brilliant, and when hundreds of years shall have passed away, on some stormy chit of the ocean, on the wild shores of Erin, another Ossian shall rise to sing its praises, to tell of the deeds of other times, when the ocean-warriors of Albion were many, and Columbia's were but few— whew the laurels of the Nile and Trafalgar withered in the talon-grasp of 'the American eagle. Yet the chivalry of our heroes shall baffle the efforts of by perbole, and all the fiction of romance be forgotten in the splendid reality of their achievements. Of the exploits and achievements of our land forces, it is unnecessary to speak ; they are familiar to every ear, their deeds are emblazoned on the pages of history Chippewa, Fort Erie, Fort Sandusky, Oswego, Haus burg, Baltimore, and New Orleans, speak a language too plain to require interpretation. To conclude, America is now the only Republic in existence.— Twice has she beaten into submission the most pow erful Monarchy of Europe ; and while she continues to be regulated and guided by the voice of the People, is a match for the Monarchies of the world. Long may she continue united, happy, and free." SOUTH AMERICA. The Ann, arrived at Liverpool, sailed from Buenos Ayres 29th May. General SAN MARTIN was in that city, but would shortly depart for his command in Chili, where his army was recruiting and repairing its losses in the last successful campaign. The Por tuguese were in possession of Colonia del Sacra mento, and were opening the treuches, and raising the fortifications of that place, which have been level led for many years. They had also advanced a party from Arroye de la China, a post on the river Uru guay, and the most common pass from the northern to the southern side of the River Plate, by way of the province of Entre Rios. The force of the Portu guese in the territory of Montevideo is estimated at from ten to twelve thousand men, and their opera tions do not by any means argue a probability, that their possession of that country is intended to be temporary. EXTRACT OF A LETTER, DATED NEW GUAYANA, THE 16Th OF JUNE, 1818: . , The Supreme Chief has just teceived an o ffi cial ac count that the division of three hundred cavalry, sent by the Spanish General Morales to the port of Guaya bel, to observe our troops at St. Fernando de Apure, were all either killed or taken prisoners, except the Commandant and four others, who escaped. In con sequence of this defeat, Morales immediately eva cuated Calabozo, and marched with his infantry to the hilly country of Sombrero, which it eighteen or I twenty leagues distance from Calabozo. By this means the Spaniards have lost the little ground they had obtained in the plains (Llanos), and it will not be long before the Independents again occupy the vallies of Aragua, and make themselves masters of the city of Caraccas, &c. PORT SPAIN, MT 40, 1818. " I inclose you the latest bulletin of the 13th May, and a letter of the 16th Jane. As the grand Coca of the Orinoco has never been blockaded, owing to •he insufficiency of the Spanish marine, the intercourse with the Islands in large vessels is open and secure, and the Independents have lately derived very useful succours through this channel. " You perceive by the enclosed Bulletin, the total misrepresentation of the issue of the battle f Cogede, which turned out an important victory to the Inde pendents, by the destruction of the enemy's cavalry, and the loss of a great many of their best Officers. " The Spanish General Morales lately evacuated Calabozo, and retreated to Sombrero, after having lost in the action at Guayabal 300 men. Thus it is now 'Well known how inferior the Spaniards are to the Independents in cavalry, and how incapable of maintaining any position in the (I,lanos) plains. " General Bolivar, who, in spite of the Spaniards, is safe wind and limb, is in possession of the chief command civil and military, and of the confidence of the country. The chief positions of the Indepen dents armies are San Fernando de Apure, Calabozo and San Carlos ; those of the Royalists are Sombrero, Valencia and Caracas. " The Independents have doubled their cavalry since the campaign commenced, but their infantry has suffered severely. However, the Spaniards have nothing to boast of in this respect. A private letter from one of the Royalists, after gasconading a little on their success in defending the hilly country of Caracas, confesses that they had lost '2OO Officers, and that Morillo would probably never be fit for active service, in consequence of the nature of the lance wound he received. " General Bermudes is, with a thousand men, at the port called Puerto de la Madera, about three miles from the city of Cumana. General Marino is at Cariaco, with rather a strong division. BULLETIN. " The division of General Pair directed its march im Villa del Pao, by order of his Excellency the General in Chief, in order to dislodge a large body of the enemy, under the com mand of the Spanish Brigadier Real. On the approach of our troops, Real abandoned Pao, and withdrew towards Valencia. General Pave's division then marched upon and took the town of St. Carlos, after defeating the enemy who attempted to op- I pose him. The enemy determined to march agaipst the forces of General Paez. For this purpose they united the garrisons of different places, and also the Civic Corps of Caracas. With this new army, commanded by Brigadier Latorre, they presented themselves, an the 2d inst. in the plains of Cogede, where our troops expected them. It is in this action that the Spaniards were confirmed in the superiority of our cavalry. The enemy's infantry presented itself in columns, in the centre of two other volumns of cavalry, which formed the wings. Our army awaited them in battle array. General Anzoatequi commanded the in fatury, Lieut.-Col. C. Munoz the cavalry of the right wing, and Col. Yrribaren that of the left; Col. Rangel commanded the reserve. Our line charged the enemy with the greatest intre pidity, and notwithstanding their firmness their columns of ca valry were broken, as well as great part of their infantry. " One thousand of the enemy were killed, besides their low in arms, ammunition, equipages, commissariat, and a great num ber of pthoners. Among the killed were the Spanish Brig.-Gen. Correa, Chief of the General Staff; CoL Gonzalez Villa. Com mandant of the regiment of Castilla; and various other OlScera of rank. It is also reported that General Latorre is killed, but of this we have no positive information. All the Chiefs of the Dragoons of the Union, of the hussars, and of the King's Lan cers, have been killed. • " Our loss was not considerable, but sensibly felt, as it pre vents us from continuing for the present our march on Val:ncia. " The Sub-Clekf of the General Staff, " IRl,stfiCo llls P. 11.8I1MIXR. A' Ilead-quarters, St. v . ernando. May Is, Ma." THE EVENING STAR. LONDON. THURSDAY, AUGUST V, 1818. THE FUNDS. PRICE OT STOCKS THIS DAY AT TWELVE O . CLOLK : Reduced 76--Cons. 75a—for A c c. 75Z 3} per Cents. 86-1• per Cent. 95; 5 per Cent. Navy 101 105—Bonds 81 83 pre. Omnium 3i disc.—Exchequer Bills 18 21 prem. This being settling day at the Stock Exchange, there was a great deal of bustle, and an immense deal of business done. Consols opened at 75: T , fell to '751, and at one o'clock were 75, 1 -. We are happy to state, that up to that hour no defaulter had been declared. Yesterday, at two o'clock, a Cabinet Council, which had been summoned on Monday afternoon, was held at the Foreign Office, which was attended by all the Cabinet Ministers, with the exception of I Lord SIDMOLITH. The Earl ILtrtrunst was sent for express from Gloucestershire, as was several of the other Ministers from others parts of the Country.— They continued their sitting till about six o'clock. Though the business on which the Council sat has not been made public, there can be little doubt that it related to the mission of Lord CASTLEREAGH to the approaching Congress of Sovereigns and Diplo- matists at Aix-la-Chapelle. Articles both from Madrid and Vienna, published is the Foreign Journals, agree in stating that the Congress intend to take into consideration the ques tion between Spain and South America. Indeed it it hardly possible that the Congress can entirely avoid it when brought officially forward by the Court of Madrid. But to what extent will the parties to be there assembled interfere in the dispute? They may express their readiness to mediate between Spain and her revolted subjects, but they can go no farther.— None of the European Powers have any direct inte rest in frustrating the views of the South Americans, and many of them have a direct interest in the esta blishment of their independence, because of the faci lities which this would afford to the extension of their commerce. It may be argued, indeed, that FERDI• WARD having offered to grant to the People the benefits of a free trade, the independence of South America is not necessary to the Commercial interests of the European States : but, on the other baud, what security can the Colonists or the people of other countries have, the Sovereignty being once again restored to a despotic Government, that this liberty of trade shall not be again revoked or fettered by FZRDINAND when freed from his present terrors ?- 1 They can have none! Independent, however, of all such arguments, the States of Europe, excepting only Great Britain, are completely powerless, as regarding South America ; and Great Britain is so much interested in the eman cipation, that, even if our finances would admit of our interfering in this contest, the Government know the sentiments of the nation on this point too well to think of doing so. The credit of Russia, Prussia, and Austria is at this moment at a very low ebb indeed. All the money that Prussia can scrape together will find ample employment in the construction of the fortresses which are to protect her precarious frontier against France. —lf the provinces on which they wished to try their powers of mediation happened to lie contiguous to them, they would only have to put their mercenary bands in motion, and they would soon find the means of feeding and clothing themselves at the expense of the objects of their benevolent regard ; but, in this case, unfortunately for them, Solith America is not Poland—a wide ocean intervenes, and they have not a farthing to spare for distant expeditions. Their menaces, therefore, with regard to South America, would be idle wind ; but we have a better opinion of their prudence, than to suppose they would think of exposing their weakness, 'by threatening to do what all the world knows they cannot do. They may, in deed, offer to mediate between Spain and South America ;• but, should their mediation be refused, a, we have no doubt it would be, they will leave Spain where they found her. Some of our contemporaries indeed, argue that the high Allies, in their august character of conservators of universal peace, are not to be limited by the boundaries of Europe ; for no arbitrary limits should be set to their power of doing good. But here rises a question on which many will differ. Would it be a real good or an absolute evil to subjugate America? Should it be argued that every measure calculated to prevent political changes and to bring back the old order of things where changes have been effected, is good in itself, and the good contended for, here again there will be many dissentients, and none more' decidedly so than the people and Government of Great Britain. What ! submit to the decision of a Congress at Aix-la-Chapelle the rights of our Em• pire in the East—our disputes with Pindarees and Candians ! That the South Americans will listen to no terms of accommodation with Spain short of unconditional independence, will not be doubted by any one who knows any thing of the feelings entertained by them. There was a time when the offers now made would bare been joyfully accepted by them, but that ume I • is long gone by. Spain had to choose betwe ciliation and force ; she rejected concililtion, - recourse to force, and on force alone the issue of contest must now depend. Ilse horrible p m tions and massacres of v. hich she first set the oral, have inflamed the South Americans and Sp,;, with a hatred towards each other toq . admit of any future connection bev.veen 'the vantageous to either party. " Bodies," saysitt ? , ; " tied together by so unnatural a bond of as mutual hatred, are only connected to their t The South Americans are also well aware, th at connection with Spain must always be a dead ter on them. Spain is so low in the scale of pouet l she has long beet unable to afford them any p don ; and during almost every European wz fit prosperity has been sacrificed to this unpvi u u connection. So that both feeling and interest gi ft , late the South Americans to separate tl.c.r.sel Tes k it ever from the mother country. We shall dismiss this subject for the pr esent b y calling the attention of our Readers to the follov 4 recent Resolution of the General 44.c.cembly ofthe Csa. it:oily:milli of Kentucky. We simply ask-11';'.1 United States pay deference to any decision et - t h e Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle for subjugating S oz i America to the yoke of Spain? As well mii!i.t s t expect a Resolution of that Congress for :he subi gation of the United States to the dominion of Grey Britain to meet with the approbation of tl.e Peof e and Government of these States : " fir.sotvm—That it is the opinion of this Gener.l.lsserbir, that such of the Provinces of South America as haw Ltd? declared themselves Free and Independent, and Lee Motel the ability to maintain their Independence, ought hobo, to be acknowledged by the general Government of three Coed States of North America, Sovereign and Independent hive % to be treated as such, and introduced to the oti.et Snevirx Powers of the Earth ; and generally, that all the r;rlas of c.a tCI32IICe and hospitality should be given by the ['aired Sates to those so acknowledged Sovereign Powers cf Saudi Ana rica, which may by the laws of Nations be justly and pea:eably afforded by the People and the Magistracy of ca t Nation to the People, and 'Magistracy of ano•ber catice 'Atm or at peace." Since writing the above, private letters barebee_ communicated to us from St. Kitts, 6f date &old July, which assert that the United States have a length solemnly recognized the Independence of States of South America, and that Admiral Bran was about to proceed for New York, make possrsirs of a frigate which has been lately built there, far the purpose of being presented as a resent to Ecie. miral. The whole of this intelligence we are to think is premature. The Paris Papers of Monday arrived this f t An article extracted from the Journal de la IM. gigue affirms, that the Duke of WELLINGTON, his late visit to England, has finally settled every arrangement fin the evacuation of the Eench tern tories by the British troops. On the 15th, 16th, and 17th instant, the Pcitihh division, encamped at St. Omer's, set out in diarea columns for Valenciennes--preparatory, we sappt to the approaching general review. Viscount CMAPDELAINE, one of the persons inr,; cated in the late charge of conspiracy, has summc ed the authors of Le _lllative before the Tribunal cl Correctional Police, for an alledged libel upon:.ts character. An article under the head of Hamborgh states, that Baron I lusloor.-ov, the Prussian Pler.ipotentiary at London, has demanded and obtained leave to re tire, and that Count BERNSTORFB, the Danish Mini ster at Berlin, well known for his able administratioa (,1 the affairs of Denmark during a period of great difficulty, has been induced to enter into thePrass;ms service, • and will be nominated Vice Chancellor cf State, with the thane of the department of Foreign Affairs: A communication from Madrid, dated the sth in stant, contains the following paragraph : " The special mission of M. DE Commis°, who has arrived from London with dispatches from our Ambassador, the Duke DE SAN CARLOS, has beentLe object of numerous conjectures with those chanter who wish to know every thing. In the first place, it was rumoured, that this Envoy brought odic iris than that of the defeat at Maipo, three days snatch from the Capital, and of the taking of Pensacola, account of wLich has been published in the Englnil Journals. The real object of his voyage, it wa , said, was relative to the private negociations withthr Government of Buenos Ayres; but they would grail deceive themselves by imagining, that our Germ. ment will yield in, any essential point ; the Insurgat! , it is reported, require the acknowledgment of tktf independence as an indispensible condition: The King of SWEDEN, accompanied by the Pico ItoYAL, set out from Stockbobn on the sth 4153 24 1 fur Norway. PRIVATE LBTTER. " PARIS, AROPIT 15. " The dismissal of the Marquis de Villeneuve, Pl fcct of the Cher, and the Marquis de Guer, as Pg. feet of Morbihan, has carried despair to the hearts d the Ultras- These two Marquises were at oyea wzr with public opinion, and both weighed hiravy on 6 1 Minister's'cimscience—justice Las been slow bat nat. Will the Ministers after this complain of the Vbetl of the Press ?. Would they without it have been gob to remove these men, who created Government rs many enemies? Supported, as they were, by the favour of powerful personages, they would, retes-* `' 6 tltW , and 1, 4 vr i t h ne Pmscrip. c " r tP l e, ,ck 441 • 1 4 , t set! dole i. a st l y ard 3 lttar e . eRb of Irm a - e the Lair rui3.• 0 1 % that tie att 01 ad nea t PP °l met-, tha t re; 1 1 Inteets la e w2 r 6 4're t Pri.tabi e , est ili a ,. en! Lselres fo r . fn •, 3 resent by 1 5 f°11" In g as s r t h e Ga• on cf t h e ing Sort msvii.i se • at he subj t , th of ti re 22 Le Peofte cea ova Auembir' eiti have lataiy Jr aye ev i„,.. 4 kva n a, bete rw,, d , be MU" r Sovv i t7 nt aired &zee rece leatth Amt- , est pez:rably it ax Nevr.l item war ip, nd hare b ee± at the r ' I Y i have 2t dei nce ci the is r iral Bran possesirs ad there, far to Ee.te- et re inckti ' 4 ' l ic in fcrcn?o:, •1 i de la Be. rie TON , .4 tied every . a each terri• I S re the British 111 di 1 .Tcrea ye suppose, an tons as tsvi surnmm- tibt:ntl by cf •