Star. — London, England, 1801-11-25 00:00:00

EONAPARTE. SECOND YEAR OF THE CONSULATE Of 60NATARTF. (From thr Joutlital de Parts.) The firfl year of the Confnlate of BONAPARTE elapfed, and the war flill continued. The fleets of England covered the fens ; Au(lria hefitated at Lunevalc, and her armies, confronting thofe of France, extended from Italy to the North of Ger many. Turkey, Portugal, Naples, and Sarc;iiii.i, were nal in a !late of war. Rome itfelf, whole power ought to be calculatcsl net by its tett itor) nor its population, but by the influence it exer cites in other (bites ; Rome aliO was numbered among our enemies, and Rual.: could yet be claf fed only among the neutrals. In the interior, order 1,1%1S every where marked om, that it might be reftored : but every thing was not yet brought into its proper place. Thu fubver. lion of Ole tamily fyftem had ceafed, bnt good laws were yet. scanting to rcclace it to f.'.ed pi in ciples. The entire territory of the Republic, and all the inhabitants who were friends to induftry and their homes, had been reftored togovernment and to law ; but bands of robbers, without family or fined places of abode, lived by the pillage of the public property, by contributions impofed on the purchafers of national domains, by affaffina tions committed on the highways, and by con fpiracies againfl the chief r f the government. — Tribunals were cltablilhed ; criminal juftice walk ed iu the paths of rectitude , but with tottering footfteps ; and general fecurity was dillurbed by the abfence of perfonal Wet) , in feveral parts of the Republic. In the internal government the adminiftration proceeded, bn: uniformity wasflill wanting in their principles arid their proceedings. A number of re forms and ameliorations were projeCted ; all of them were not yet carried into execution; many were not commenced, and mon of them were not yet poffible. All the fources of evil were flopped ' up, but thole of good were not open, nor was it yet eery to dive to thofe that already fuffered their fertility to be perceived. War mercilefs war, Rill held the good and the ill fu:pended over our heads and kept our deflinies in fetters. In one word, we had entered upon the ninth year with great hopes, but it was nor yet certain that we fhould teach the end of it with good fortune. It is to the gth of November, in each year, that It belongs to tell us what has been produced by the interval that feparates it from the great day of which it is the anniverfary : it is on that day that the recolleeion of the evils to which it mit an end, and the account of the bleffings which Bowed from it, fho.:11 prcfs upon our minds.— Let us fix our eyes on the picture which it prcii:nts to us. _ The &It foundations of civil fnciety have been invettigated, ltrengthened and confnlidated by the compofition of a part of the civil code, which de termines the relative rights and duties of hulband and wife, of parent and child, and regulates the facial order of &maim This part of thexivil code will he prefented in the approtching feffion of the Le illative Body. The criminal legiflation required to be reformed on the principles of our civil and political code, and comaniffioners have been appointed for that under taking. Others have been chafed to revife the commercial code, and to renew in it thofe atten tive and provi&nt laws which proteft property aniidlt the• hazards of tr ade,and preferve it at lealt from bad faith. The preceding year had eflablifhed civil tribu nals, but the acceffes to them were wit fafc. They were infeßed with perfons who poffelfed none of the qualities of lawyers, but the name. A wife law has ie-eflablifned the corporation of aveuir, and has refined to the authority of this body that police of delicacy and honour which can be tact cited only in a family. Sir thoufand jußices of the peace arc reduced to • leis than hall that number. This ieduElion laves rnany millions to the Rate. It removes a multi tude of men incapable of dißributing jollier, and it increafcs the relpeaability and importance of thole who are to replace them. In many departments criminal j office was power left againft crimes ; robberies and affallinations, in celfautly repeated on the highways, too long bore teltimony of it. The Juries, for fome time the hill uments or vi&inis of banditti, and Rill further intimidated by their enemies, or the accomplices of their crimes, were but humiliating and danger ous afillrnts to the Judges. The Judges them. felves were wavering in their duty, through fear of the infhtliciency of the public force, which he fitated in its turn, fearing that jullice would dd.:a vow its efforts. Special tribunals have been kali toted ; in them, the law feats couraqeous foldiers by the tide of moderate lawyers. The forms cal eulmted for the proteaion of innocence arc always obfereeil in the proceedings, and the publicity of the ilifauflions removes all the dangers of fecret At the fame time a body of infantry is fpread over the infeiled departments; the gendar merie is orr,ani/ed ; commdfaries general of police ate placed in a t•mporary efiablifliment in the grea; towns where the robbers may have eflablifli • and by there means public Iran eplii;!ry• 11:., heel; eilailiflied and Civil t•Citg tt or:;..l.lf.:ti•:n of Arc th.• t‘Aintiers of t y .".i morals ; And V./ crimi• nab I..as, by rtprerinT ..:;10e5, arc i:ict.itttilthly :! v :'l. ftil•lli ; but it ret i airi.. .1:1 authority lIIOVC • •' rtttisal ty, tuts ter r.. th..t rec.ll the pee try to the heart ti. •• :ate. that :~:u . lit r.P:.t :c,.git,a 1.•1.1s lOst:11 it to at a 1 , 4. an i it at: .41.1 f y 'lt •:: I 2:•.! ILI: `.• 41f.11 • I, c i • ZIP. i . 1(.:1:11 .al . :11,• is or 0;1.. Nlan nat•ar. Ily r! w ~..1 I I •••: ; t..'l• I it .21, , Vt ./:1 s t.t act! Is:, . 4 .., 40n) si (11111 t: .::Ica:, at tu.p.4cs the t'..ttate which enrrefpotd with his eighte. The French people longed fir it. In vain had the moil vlt- thous citizens attended the pulpit; in vain had fome of them added to their words the weight 6f good example. To Urikc the imagination of the people it is not enough ,that an orator thould he venerable; he Mutt be fhcred. The old hoar-headed farmer, the rage of the canton, and the honour of the pa rift, impofes lets awe than his fon returning from college, after an abfence of ten years, more learn ed than his tellow-citizem, clothed in a hzbit ferent from their's, (peaking a language which is not their language, initiated in the moil aeguft myfleries, alinott Cnillieded t.ith the &frit ESIE BE INC:, and, in fine, become fo moth ftiperior to other men, that he condemns to eternal Idence, the mutt guter;tl, the fweeteft, and the moil ardent of parGons. The people wiffied for morality, and wifbed it to be preached by the minitters of reli gion. It was jutt to (satisfy the people. The pub lic peace was concerned, in as much a s a part of Frarce had been drawn into the civil war, only for the imereft of its morality preached by its priefts. The peace of the interior depended upon it perhaps no lays. Again let it be find, the power of Rome is not to be meafurcd by her territory, nor by the number of her inbjeas. He who called her is widow of the people king, but ft ill queen ofthe world," expretfed by there words the influence which the may mercife for the benefit of the powers which The loves, in the Rates of the Catholic Powers, which are fisbjed to her cenfiare. In fine, the enmity of foreign powers h ad for a pretext, at leaft in afpeet, a people, according to them, more faouge than philofophical, without prieits, and without altars. The antient worfhip of the great majority of the French has then been rellored to their wintes, by a concordat of the Government, with the Chief of the Chrillian Religion. But this worthip is not exclufive ; it is not a ruling, or a privileged wor lhip. The clergy no longer forms a dinial order in the Rate, nor a political body. The Supreme Pontiff is no longer furrounded with powers ill difpofcd towards France. At the lower extremity of the clergy wilt be the parlors ; no longer will there he a mendicant militia between them and the •people. The certainty of the maintenance allign• ed to the milliners of worfhip, will be conneEted with the fecurity and 0; p:ofperity of the nate. In fine, the public authority, folcmnly acknowledg ed by the Roman Pontiff, n refumc its antient fuperintendence, even over the exercifcs of this worthip, the perfecution of which had, in fume meafure, given a legal canniun to its clan gcrous privacy. Frequent difcuilions have taken place in the Council of State on the fubjeci of public education. The (Indies ofmetaphylics, morAity, and politics, which were formerly called philolOphy, there Itu. dies, almoil funk into oblivion fillet: the revolution, wool be re-eflablithed. The Lazin language, with. out which the French cannot be well underflcaid ; the Grcck language, without which it is impotlible to know the Latin, ancient and modern literature, the art of writing, and the art of realoning, will be cultivated anew. For ten year► it feems to have been believed, that the mon reafoning and moral nation of the world, as well as the moll brilliant in mind and imaglivrion, could he reduced to knowledge phyfical and mathematical ; the tenth year will behold every fpecies of moth uftion renew ed in its proper domain,and the youth of France re placed on all the paths which have conduced Frenchmen to the different kinds of glory that were referred for them. 'lshe Government has employed itfelf no lefs in the details niche public economy, than in the civil, political, and moral intcrefts of the country. The inJullry of manufacitirers has beets encou raged by the din.: ibution of prizes ; by the atten• Lion which the Firlt . Coliful has bellowed on the fabrics which he had an (Try unity of vifiting ; and by the public, whole attention he has deeded to the molt recent inventions of the arts. Mealiers are taken to finial the canals that had been commenced, to cleanfe the canals that had gone to ruin, and to drain the ramifies. Confiderable repai-s have been commenced on all the great roads, and preparations are found in fetch a Itate of atlivity upon them, as to confole us in a great degree for their not being yet fuch as they ought to be for the facility of commerce, and the convenience of travelling. The hospitals are reftorcel to the care of thole refpeetable females who hare always borne with fo much propriety the title of Sifters of Charity, and whole angelic goodnefs flood as much in need of the lick to afford it employment, as the litfferings of the tick had oecation for their care. Without doubt the general adminiftration will feel how pro per it is to leave to the folicitude of the municipa lities the care of the civil hofpitals, the Govern ment not being at this momcnt in a condition to fupport them, otherwife than by contributions le •ied on there very municipalities. The finances, that aliment of pclitieal organifa tion, have been ameliomtcti. The prefervatinn the national forefts has been organited. The pay ment of adminiltrative and judicial expenses has been reamed to the eential auth..tit s. - The adminifiration of theL....on:lf linmains, and that of ti'e culloms. have r‘reiVEd a better fi.rnt. The nbfeitrity of all the accounts ha. been pone• traced by the rich Conful. Alh f :!:cm have been examined, compared, and peat:led. Tie public debt has lit4 - ered a reds, tion ra r; niiilinns by the op:ration of .t fin Ling fund. 'lle toll. of direa conttibution hive !not motildcd in another form, and forne (Ault; in the diftritotti.,a have difappcar cd. The hrp:. ut . pc.ite hire !wen fullicuent to augreunt the produced Burial irdlin:cl taxes. The credit which i. already felt from fo many favour ahlz circuital ,nce% is above all hippos teal by the certainty which prevail., th tt the Fitil Conful, having for many mouths applied Itimielf to the u ill not full,; the loth year to pArq a%r:t y, wi!hent having cftabiilhr•d a new mode of dirilion t• a- the diteet contributions. or without having in •r-el:tced a fyflern of cerououty into every pat of the expenditure. The political (Tam of France carded a law which &Quid giv, c x:ltenee tp that ample aouhility voted by the French people in its coollitutiortal charter. 11w nation walled for a barrier between the great public employments, and bare ambition without just pretenfions. It wished that a gradual ootabilit y ihould put the &ft places above the reach of incapable or perverfe men, poffeffing neither talent nor, property, nor knowledge nor Cervices, to oder as a fecunty for the public happinefs. It willed that the lines on which the antient ivi leged orders walked diflial from the third estate, should for ever be impoffible to be retraced, and to this effect, that it Should be croffed in every ferric by a line of the different orders of fclated men, from whom the nation may derive honour. The Government was bound to fulfil its expeela lion. Great dangers and great difficulties prefented tlicnifelves in this undertaking. It was neceffary to take clic, if not abfolutely that un*orthy per ions Should not ufurp a place among the great ci ' tizens, rat kali that no perfon of real dittindion lhould be omitted. It was neceffary to take care the notab , es, recognifed as fm-h by the public opi nion, fhotild not be forgotten in drawing up the law ; and that moral notability Should not be found in oppotition to political notability. It was neccf , fary, not only for the public interest, and for the liability of the conflitution, but alfo for the fake of jottice, which would have been violated by in jurious exclufions. Still a crowd of the moil dif tinguifhed citizens, all our warriors, among whom there arc fuch numbers capable of conducting af- P fairs, were far from their habitations, far from the elections : was it not to be feared that fubaltern intriguers woryld profit by this abfence to throw them out ? The law had to prevent this pollibility. All that the moll fcrupulous meditation could dif cover, that was moll proper to preferve us from quickfands, the haw has collated and confecrated ; and probably the refult of the elections will giver better proof than the text of the law to all the mi litary men who feel themfelves inclined to under take the management of the public affairs, that the abfent were not wronged when their rights were balanced with thofe of the other citizens. _ _ _ The cares bellowed on the common weal had occallon for peace ; and, at the commencement of the 9th ycar, peace could not yet be obtained but , by war. • The armiflice agreed upon between France and the EneeitGlt was broken at the commence ment of the winter. ANGER EAU, at the head of the Gallo.liatavian army, after a number of en gagements, defeats the Auflrian Generals Kis NAU ar.d Aims. blroteat; triumphs at Hohen lindea ; he pafr.:s the Lou and the Salza, he takes polfeflion of Saltzburg, he chafes the enemy from the ftrong pofttions of Newmark, Lensbach, and Walburg, croffes the Ems, and forces the Aut . . trians to fall back even to the walls of Vienna. Ile gains an extent of 7o leagues of country, makes iforicrs, takes 40 pieces of Can non, hefides a ou•nber of magazines, and kills fifteen tholifitfid men in the field of battle. DONALD, after having paired the fnows of the Splu. gen, at thcli.lad of the army of the Grilms, forms a junaion with the army of Italy. BRUNE plies the Mincio, ;,n,r a biilliant viaory, blockades Mantua, palfes the Adige and the lkontu, and takes pollellion of Verona, Vicenza, and Padua. , The EistrErost concluded a Peace at Luneville. The KING of Napers concluded it at Rome. Th•: ladependance of the Cifalpine Repulilic was con. firmed. Tufcany, under the tide of the ' of Etruria, brconacs the price and the pledge of the amity which unites France and Spain. At tle.: fame cpceh, the FIRST CONSUL few back, without r.infotri, to PAUL I. fevers thoufand Ruffian prillmers, do:idled and armed. He or• dered that his Hag Swill,' be refpeeted on the fens, and P.tut. Tent him a Minifler. The ratifications of the treaty between France and the United States of America were exchanged at Paris ; and thc cticconlat made between Rome and France seas figned there. The Minillers of the Em PERM! of RUSS/A, and the United States, I and of the PopE, met in that city, and were leis aflouithed than phafed to find thcmfels es there. The KING of E ritURIA came thither hinifelf, to Rudy the model, that he propores to imitate in the noverninent which is confided to him, and to teat I. to hear the weight of butinefs. One enemy alone remained now to France—it wzs England ; but England had loft the aflittance of her friends—viaory had tavilhed An ria from her—our moderation had reconciled Ruflia to us. !The fleets el England remained, but flue hail no more armies ; the might touch on the craft of Franot-, but -null not penetrate. She might de prive us of a colony,of the profits cf maritime corn nseree,withont heir:gable to diminilh our territorial wealth, which is the true foundation of nor power; and, b:•fides, in order to deprive us of our fuper fluity, the mull lase faerificed her own opulence, and compromi;:.l all her refources. The weakners of the French marine did not pre vent it from being nfefol ; it was fu at the outlet by its very weakncis—fad confennence of the re volution ; it was fo in giving England to under. Rand that the revoluttons which multiply and give (peed to the plough, promote anarchy in Mips; and though they fometirpes add flrength to terri torial power, they always put marititne power in danger. But when it was reinforced by the Spa. nil!, marine, it teadered real fee vice. Not able to deftruy the Englith matine, it bad at halt the glory of keeping it occupied. Not able to dettroy it by its cannon, it at hall condemned it to ev il:tuft itfelf by its expences ; it obliged it to divide its force on every coati, and keep it parting on every fea. Wherever a French fail appeared, the boldnels which filled it, and the liar that guided it, called the attention and the force of the enemy. England, twice repulled from Egypt, returned thidter with new forces ; but a French army en. tered int.. Portugal, and another army, much more numerous, atfembled on our coals, threat ened trot: of England beaten*. England menaced one of our colonies, and we were on our march for her metropolis. She attempted to overwhelm the flotilla of Boulogne, which teemed with fu many formidable warriors, proud of the viftory of Al gefiras. She was twice repulfed. The news of die triumphs of Egypt were received with a l dcadly cubiners saidit tin alums of Londou. • . Yet Eng%M and France fied c'er iv? nittr..,; tions for tuauy months. Fr.g_ land, weakened by eflettn t had hesiv, this power laid dow:st its Istrnr. Het nett•NiAtio ls . were condoned witit sone. fairb. 11:e ev. • veli,c of Egypt did Dot railc her pretcnfon.s, ar,,f gaz .. undcritanding was re•eitablifoed by rre:imi t of peace, the linczrity of which is attefil• :!•• julice and rtclptocal conyeni:•nce. 3':::•s, ren. is reftorzd to the wo7kl. Thus, rin ec; 1 4 1 fucceeds to this sear of ten ycrt - s. Warrh w at felt, for fume time, alto univertil. . • . ....... . . France, or. being informed of the peace, its content:nent in :. calm in inner, and wa s t l• .‘ more remarkable that the would Lye been by zi, e eeceffes of an immoderate joy. A noisy ;InCi milt:mos joy announces that the people nr, inca pable or unaccufiorned to propriety ; it is .the too of the populace when it obolins an unexpeetra nefit, when it is delivered from a great dantoo. when it arrives at the end of extreme fufittrit..o,— Every candid man, who for two years fait 1)?`. ob. ferved in the public places, and in the national fetes, all the great aremblages of Citizens, wilt bear teflimony that it is a people that is to be teen and not a populace ; military•men, and not a fol. diery---nohle effed of that equality which, admit. tang all Frenchmen to all pie:traces, has take, away from every one all temptation to difturb ' them ; and, admitting all to every employment. calls upon every ohs to reipett, if not what be 'is hinsfelf, at leatt what be may be. Befi,po, France was perfuaded that the could run bur rick by a contiouation oh the war, diretled as flan was by the fira warrior of Europe ; and flee wa, too well convinced that he would make peace, as loon as the honour and fecal-iv of the nation would permit, to be furprized when it was conelcUca.— The peace, erpeted with confidence by a people who begin to be fenfible of their own digli7:ys ought to be received with a latisfa6tion more:rear:- felt than tumultuous, .and it has been received fix What a light does France prefect ! a territory enlarged by the comic of the Selielsit, of tl:e zelle, of the Isleufe, by the entire left Bank ef the Rhine. Armies more formidable to foreign na tions by their numbers and their valour, and dear, cr to their fellow-citizens by their difcipline and good condua, than they had been in any petic,cinf the monarchy ; more independant neizhbo::: 'a Italy and the Zatavian Republic ; the fient:*.p of Spain more confirmed Limn ever ; a powtr ..t. ready fuedcient to balance that of the great enriched by the fpoils of Poland, aed commerce. Behold what France is at this confidered as to her foreign relations l the interior manutaattros every where re , ing;; trade alrcadt !hooting beyond the ; a floarifhitig agriculture • indingry every where rt , tiored, echoing in the fields and ir. t:ie eitie. mating man and nature by its moti ; er,ler cured sr:that the triyle f-ice formed :4:00r.il it by the laws, the rroraas aim+ snard the laws, :1.14 the decency which guards the morals: beheid what this day flukes every eye, and conveys emotion to every heart ! The firth year of the Confalate of no a APR Ilvit had put an end to the ravages of the Revolution. The year which has kill expired he not <oily 'pot .in end to the ravages of war, bt.t has el can!; the ravages of time to ceafe, and kerns to hvo heactforth left it power only to create. This yrir and that which preceded it are ti daughters of a great day, the iPtit Tiruntaire.— From that day wa • to tpring annihilation or Flni it gave us gloi y by giving us a man wh. mit eon• fee rated to the titivation of the country. I n the changes that Lave been elfeeted, this man has fccn and condtkled every thing; while he eaed the whole, he did more in each ineneiJoal department than thole to whom it was efpecially confided. The prodigious ltrength ed Lla tacal. ties permits him to devote 18 hours a day t,. ba rna it, pea raits him to x his attention dvrieg there 13 bouts to a fistole alien', or attain, it to oventy in fuccenion, without liaffering the ditliculty, or die fatigue arifing from any one to embarrafs the cramination of another; the prodigious fircngth of his faculties permits him to look beyond as ,- fair: fair; while he manages every affair, and 6404 all pleafures while making trial of lonic; w fie the judgment or posterity beyond that of di.: pre- Icnt gene.ation, the judgment ofEttrope,tad that •if France beyond that of Paris; in one word, to fee in all its beauty that true glory on which oil. dling men cannot fix their thoughts, and wrath has for them neither radiance nor torn. It is this lirength orgarazatioa which eva ders hint indefatigable, that renders him corruptible, and cicvates him above tit: dacltera of power. While we eanter..plate kis rah lialrivrs. he has already advanced fat irom us into futurity. No man is before him in au ufefui ides kaPPY ir he who can 1,:llow him near. This head, rAd"lng with l ately, is nith new car e , and labnott to the is ere.h of ail; when yrur attention is Gsetien him, hit is employed in inquiring into your wants and your interells. Yon will he Pall engaged as recounting what he did halL pear. When already arrived at the cal of that which is paling oP. *nether ilith of artimaire will claim foe him new teflimonies of your admiration and raw gratitude. BIRTH.. . On the 6113 natant, U Richmond. the Lady of Wm. Co-ha. Efq of a fon. On Friday daft. the Lady of Lime:tont-Coked Hader. r • - cf Micamfuld Oren, Herta cf a daughter. On the tfth tnft. Kilt.24-firect, DutAin o As Lady Oahe Rev. Rich. Fkory Symts. of a daughter. MA RR ED. On SuniaT lait, atQttcattGrough, Thomas on T• rta Cornct of :la Racal Mum Cavalry, to MO Borges, u :hat place, a young Ludy of MK bCalty sod ambientie wear). Dirt). At Roft•s. to For,Capt. LOW of the 19th •eitioteat. At PnfettA, wht.ht.r he bull/ore rut the recovay of hi. heath. Lh ut. Datok of the lihioth EOM 416 E BcniArnin Ltou.tic of isirgorts. L(.1.4!%0N Primed tw [Ng Isroyrsi—am hy JOHN n. r—. (of carn.o,--a-....) at the TAI Pam 1101••011/11ei FJ. I Carry-afitt ; an.! by I.EV l L Lorr. • 3r Cat. terbs.rt riacw. 'Ambush. at No I. ellftl-qtrCet. Ltd C I:4 Si aa-Orr:s. Tur.plo•Bar ;to which Odier ti came-a 11- =law Ls die Maros at tavcaal So