Star. — London, England, 1819-01-22 00:00:00

may put forth his claim to future fame, not grounds of hi s great military character, In ' er or, than on h is moderation in the day of How splendid a compliment was paid to splendid a compliment was paid o ur great Commander, on his being selected to nand of the combined armies on the Conti.: to the command of the troops of nations who At so much larger forces into the field ever we could boast ; and those troops too ' by the most skilful and experienced Ge ye t a ll concur in entrusting the chief corn- not to that General who had distinguished ' for the magnitude of the armies he led to but for the magnitude of the victories he How fully has he justified the wisdom of ice by the ability and moderation with which the difficult and delicate task assigned Happily for Europe, the necessity of these y measures no longer exists. What can field of congratulation than to find the state of France such as to enable the Com powers to withdraw their forces from its fron- What can be more k gratifying than to find after fulfilling, with the most honourable :y, all its engagements, restored to its pro station in the scale of nations, and invited to its Councils to those of the other European -- , bled together in the confidence of friend not regarding each other with the jealousy of but acting on liberal and enlightened prin and consulting together for the consolidation General Peace? In this situation of France, ,c particular cause for joy, as experience of the :0 years has shewn us how much this country is led in every thing which can affect the order ,!i,orier of that neighbouring State. We see pleasure the affairs of that country, after be'ng Jr;:ed by the troubled waves of so many revolti- I s, gradually ~itbsiding into a calm; and, though iv:nation may still exist, let us hope that it More from the conflict of honest though va c^ilicris under a free Government, than that to be considered as any indication of future , Let us hope that a country which has so felt the evils of so ninny revolutions, will :free sensibly alive to the advantages to be deriv :an a limited and Constitutional Monarchy.— it.g a disposition arising on the part of other to assimilate their forms of government to of ours, to fashion themselves on our model, and :tie to take the benefits of that constitution, the iliar advantages of which have been so fully de- • ftrat?d, the more unwilling should •we be to ha the loss of the solid and substantial bles!angs • 1:,oy, by li,tening for a inoinc,tt to the absurd impracticable schemes of wild speculation and ied improvement ; for dearly as we hare paid thz proof, yet the most sati,factory proof has been 'ad that there are no difficulties too gre:t to be by the resources of this country. For not ampe only have formidable difficulties yielded e superiority of British skill and valour ; in Li the same system has been maintained—the same ke is dime to our national character, and the • cr.!,iit he to our moderation in the exercise of 'us of conquest. There we have seen a war ten, not for the gratification of ambition, nat the expa.r.ion of territory and possessions, but for punishineat t:f aggression, and to afford protec to the nP4zeable from future outra7e and op- Ilse consequences of that war have been, sec - 17 . 4y and comfort have been e•atablished, ts7ror a 1..) misery before exh.ted. Ia looking r present relations with Anacrica, let us hope the trAirnercial arrangements with that country vicii as will prove highly satisfactory to both ' from being established on the soundest -It of reciprocal advantage. And now, hay taken a review of the prosperous state of our af seeing the numerous blessings we enjoy, it Par daty to endeavour to give a permanency varieus blessings: and, as in times of peace tat has an opportunity of affording a more al attcation to domestic circumstances, let it CaTlC , :l'a to improve those circumstances, by ' ig the industry and increasing the comforts People ; aed as they have heavily experienced cow.ilicnces of war, so may they now sensibly the advantages of peace. But, Sir, I fear that I E-:eri indiscreetly abused the liberality which been granted me. I shall therefore conclude seconding the Address in which, it appears to •,treat every Hon. Member in the House may ac whatever be his political views, without any Anent of his character for consistency, or 'Rant pledging himself at all as to the suppott of to measurer. ?h. MACDONALD was disposed to allow the . 4 -res: to pass unopposed as a matter of courtesy, wiiiicat any prejudice to any difference of opi i might arise in future discussions. Among rticcns on which the Honourable Mover had "A his call for unanimity, there was one on t but one sentiment could be entertained, for all unite in deep condolence for the loss which koyal 'Highness and the country had experienced. "''her subjects, however, hi• should not think liscid bound to w i t hh o ld some o b servat i ons. And 4 ct, the extravagant and extraordinary view '.!eh had been taken of our present situation might vir rem arks of a m ore extens i ve nature t h an t h ose r , : , d). he intended to make. H e s h ou ld b e happy if t id join i n a ll t h e groun d s o f congratulation had been adduced. He sincerely rejoiced that 'vary reduction had taken place, greater than wEich had been anticipated before our army had ''rued from Ftance.---(llear, hear.)—But any Mi ;or woo would have maintained for a minute such f 4 ce besides our regular establishment would re deserved impeachment.--(Hear, hear hear.)— ' l ois point h e conce d e d to h i s Majesty ' s Ministers . portion: of merit was their due. He would e been c l a d , at t h e same time, had the Speech :l tinned other reductions as actual or contempla particularly in the collection of the public re ',wljeli now cost rim,- millions annaally, half nttora^ of the country at the accession of the uq! Br . ..nswick. In the branch of Stamps there been a tremendous increase, and no one could of the amount of the distributors and :iiblitorships of Stamps in every town. He was ars gnat reformations of the kind he had in view re nest in the hands of Ministers ; but if they had t to carry them into effect, they became the '•;ccra of the li,Jusc. And how could they be en't ' trusted to men who had done nothing to satisfy the' I national desire for retrenchment until after the alter native was put to them, 4g do this, or go?" It was then only that they had done it (Hear, hear.) Those Honourable Gentlemen had not been satisfied with the last Parliament; let them now try what they could do with the new—that House must, and he was persnaded, would do their duty.--(Hear, Hear.) The people wou ld h a il w i th unmingled satisfaction and exultation every symptdin of improvement, provided they had b e tt er secur i ty than the past to l ook to. At a time when they laboured under an overpowering weight of taxation, what prospect did the Chancellor of the Exchequer hold out of removing the heaviest taxes? He relied on t h e sta bili ty o f the resources of the country. But it was known that trade was sub ject to revulsionst we had already experienced the evils of such a revulsion: and the present revenue, notwithstanding its augmentation, still fell short of that of 1803. If the Chancellor of the Exchequer took the produce of the present year as a specimen of the future progress of the revenue, he might be deceived. If his expectations were realized, it must be recol lected that such an increase of demand must absorb a fresh portion of our population in manufacturing pursuits—an evil which, in a moral point of view, was one of no small magnitude. When he looked at the condition of the people, at the legitimation of paupers amongst us, and at the misery subsisting in this country, he could not feel much disposition to join in those mutual felicitations to which he had been invited. When he saw that out of a Sinking Fund of 15 millious, only three were applicable to the public service, he could not find that there was much matter for exultation. How would the country be prepared for any future Far? Ile did not mean a war of aggressi( n, but one of strict necessity ; whether we were attacked and invaded by the ran cour of those we had conquered, the ingratitude of those we had saved, or the just indignation of the many nations which our false policy had disgusted. But the House were desired to repose faith m the duration of Treaties, and the intimate union which existed among the European Powers. In those he could place but little confidence, and the last ex pression was too amatory to meet his English ideas. He was convinced that the best security for the.per manent peace of England consisted in a steady, 'honest, and conciliatory administration of her re sources, and a system of strict justice towards the people of other countries, whether powerful or weak., He then lamented the indifference which seemed to prevail respecting the continuance of the Slave Trade, though so liomally denounced by those high professors of Christianity, the Allied Powers.-- France was a Member of that Treaty, but under the rule of his Most Christian Majesty, alter all the sa crifices which we had made for his restoration, we had not been able to obtain the sanction of the Court of Louis XVIII. to a measure, to which other coun tries, nay, the King of Spain, Ferdinand himself, had been brought, he would not say bought, to ac e Ede. Would not Russia, who had succeeded to that influence in Europe which once was England's, have prevailed over Louis XVIIL though lee 'could not? France could not think it possible that an act of per fect reciprocity should exist, or that the evasion .of a municipal law should not be connived at. As long as France opposed the total abolition of that infernal trade, it would continue to thrive as it now did. He tr o ti e f ht it note little extraordinary, that the Speech s d have been silent on so important a :Acct. Neither did it contain any notification that' the Act had been put in force, which directed an inquiry into the Abuses of Charities. He spoke of that which the Nation desired, not of that which the Ministers had conceded. ' He should say nothing of that Act and of its mutilations, as his Honourable and Learned Friend on the bench below (Mr. Brcugham) would probably take up the subject himself. But he should contend , that it would have been better had Ministers succeeded in putting down all inquiry together, than for them to have issued the present lame and impo tent Commission. One thing was wanted, essential to public confidence ; the Commissioners ihould have been appointed by that House; but they were nomi nated by the Secretary of Sta:e. He by no means intended to make an observation which might seem to imply censure on the individuals who composed the Commission, There were names among th em of the highest respectability—a Your's, Sir, (addressing the Speaker), and that of Sir William Grant— names which would do high honour to any Com mission"—(Cheers, and enes I hear, hear, hear). — He had no doubt that all the other Members were honourable men, but it happened that in principles and opinions, they were directly hostile to the in quiry —(Hear, hear.)— The name of the oriAinal Mover did not even appear—(Hear, hear.)—Grant ing that his Hon. and Learned Friend, in the present put suit of his measure, had been'as over-tealous and enthusiastic as his adversaries had proved against him, let by the omission of hit name, his Majesty's Ministers had left it to be said, as it was now said far and wide, that they fear the man who had talents, and was in earnest—(Heer,hear.)—He had little sa tisfaction in urging grounds of opposition to the Ad dress, but he could not agree with its tender assur ances. Was the boasted confidence in his Majesty's Ministers justified by the extraordinaiy results of the late Election ? How came it then that there was so decided an alienation from the Administration in most, and in some entire classes ? Because the peo ple had recollection and experience. Because they had seen the most important concerns of the empire left to chance or abandoned, and measures of the greatest moment neither effectnally .upported, nor manfully opposed. Was the Bank Paper system tO i be continued ? Were not Ministers themselves so l opposed in principles and opinions on that subject, that they could come to nothing conclusive ? ' Had they yet done any thing to amend the Poor Laws, that ruinous system which was fast sapping the mo rals of the people ? No ; it was not id their line ttti concur in any plan proposed, a4d if it was, they could not afford to risk any thing to gibe it effect...— When ci that great lawyer, whose loss the country wad never cease to feel, and whose life had been so full ' activity and utility, when Sir S. Romilly, *hose name would never be uttered without reverence in every quarter of the glebe, brought forward his limited . measure, some of the Members bf Government ib sensed themselves, or gave it holldw support, to'he counteracted by another division the next'day-.44eir, hear.) What had been their conduct respecting the, Catholic question ? One of interest to the whole Eni . . !pire,'th6 of indifference to its administr a t o rs, who seemed toThave pledged themselves neither to discuss the Mitt& in Council, nor to give the Prince their advice, and the Legislature their aid. How had they acted with respect to Petitioits?—(hear ' hear, hear.) When some respecting th e life and dea th of indivi duals were placed into their hands, had they not most strangely asserted that it was useless and nugatory to submit them to his Royal Highness?.-(Hear, hear, hear.) Had they not thus curtailed him of the noblest, the best, and the most divine prerogative of the Crown, the exercise of the Royal mercy ?—(hear, hear, hear.) When had the present Ministers upheld the true dig nity of the Crown ? Not surely when they endea voured to obtain from Parliament, for branches of the Royal Family, grants which Parliament indig nantly threw back in their teeth, after a discussion calculated to lower those branches of the Royal Fa ' mily in the public esteem. Such Ministers could not ' refrain, on the appearance of a partial disorder in the country, arising (as was admitted by the Honourable Mover of the Address) from temporary causes, to rush to the last and most dangerous expedients, com plaining that the existing laws under our free Con stitution, were inadequate to the repression of distur bances which eventually, however, they proved suffi cient, both to repress and to punish. It was well' known that the power and authority of the laws partly consisted in the respect felt for those by whom they were administered. How could any respect at tend those who, on all occasions shewed that they had no respect for one another , ?—(lleer, hear, hear.) They might continue to cry " wolf;" they might re sort to violence and rigour; they might suspend the constitutional rights of the subject ; they might thern selvei violate the law by turning libellers ; they I might introduce a foreign police into the country, but the end of all would be that they would recruit the ranks of their enemies and insure their own destruc tion, after they hall by their measures thrown odium on the Prince they served, and left the Crown almost Without support. The Honourable Mover of the Address, therefore, must not be astonished if he found that a considerable portion of the House could not see in his recipe of union and harmony any thing but a general prostration at the shrine of unworthy Ministers. Gun knew the course which the present Parliament would pursue in their deliberations and decisions. That which was clearly marked out for them was, neither to truckle to power on :he one band, nor to yield to clamour on the other, but stea dily to follpw that path Which in their conscience they believed to be prescribed by their public duty. He-would trouble the House no further, and must apologize for having so long detained them.—(Hero.) Mr. SINCLAIR, after the able exposition of the Honourable Mover and Seconder, should only briefly state, that he entirely approved of the Address. Whilst it gave credit to the temper and moderation of Ministers, it left the great questions respecting our home and foreign policy open to future discussions. Ali topics which could excite a difference of opinion, seemed to have been most studiously avoided. His Honourable Relation; however (Mr. Macdonald) had not kept that forbearance which might have been ex pected. There was not one measure on which he had not proceeded to arraign his Majesty's Ministers, and his only surprize was, that he had not embodied his opinions into an Amendment Hear, hear,) especially after the triumphant description which he had given of the results of the late elections—results which had been so boastfully proclaimed throughout the land, and which, it was natural to think, would have led to an immediate trial of strength. From such a trial, however, he had shrunk; but he had discussed a num ber of topics, each of which was of sufficient impor tance in itself to deserve the whole attention of the House * of Commons—(Sh.„. of Hear, hear, hear.) He was too conscious of his own inability to follow his Hon. relation throug h all his statements. Neither did he so entirely differ from all he had said—( Hear, hear)—as to wish to combat him on every point.— It was but fair for some Members to keep aloof from all party influence, and to presume to decide for themselves. lion. Members must be aware that the eyes of their constituents were fixed with scrutinising anxiety on all they did. While some thought Mini sters ought to be removed, others wished V.em to be supported ; and it was the part of indep-ndent men sometimes to support, and sometimes to oppose mea sures, accordik; as their nature required it ; to be rather disposed to approve than to censure, and to controul, than to embarrass--(Hear, hear.)—Many writers who supported the opinions of the Hon. Gen. tlernen opposite, maintained that the great and sole object of Parliament should be to expel Ministers from office, and that every proposition proceeding from them ought to be opposed. The Members who pre sumed to follow their own judgment with respect to the measures of the Government" were branded as useless or dishonest, and all the Members of the House were called upon so prove their integrity by the most inveterate opposition—(lfear, hear, hear.) Was not this inviting to make no allowance for the difficulties attendant on the situation of Ministers ? Instead of excusing their errors, was net disregard. ing their services, and changing the old constitutional maxim that the King can do no wrong, into a new one, that Ministers can do no right. .He lamented that the Press should instil such principles, tending to excite the feelings of the lower orders against the King and the Constitution, and should more parti cularly so degrade itself on the day universally set apart for religious prayer and meditation. Ilis Ho nourable Friend had talked of the unpopul:u ity of the Government, and he must confess that there was some truth in it—(hear, hear.) But whence did that unpopularity proceed? From the mention of the Sus pension of the Habeas Corpus, which had been used by Candidates to excite against Ministers all the odium of popular resentment. He concluded by re- stating, that although disposed to give Government all the support which he conscientiously could bestow, Ilse should oppose every measure which he did not con side!' consistent with justice and the good of his coun try—Om', hear.) , I Mr. CLIVE; holding the situation which he did, could not suffer tile: issertirn to pass uncontradicted, :that his Royal nigh:Less had been deprived by the act of any. of his_Maiesty!s. Ministers, of the exercise ot the high' F'retOg . atsie of .Royal mercy. The fact 'was, that, ~.veitio, of the .nature alluded to had. 'been l'aV e10t . 4, ilia Noble Lgrd at the head of the. i Home .. — p . "(snt.„, and by 'him forwarded to his Royal i,t1144,At ,ISltigi:tgn. ' An answor had come, leaving it to the No'ule Home Secretary of State to it° is lie.ilmitgh . t *pier I . the case. The Pethictf itself had twice been considered by the Cabinet and `the Privy Council, and his Royal Highness had abided by their advice. Mr. MACDONALD could not, as a Member of that House, have suffered even the first day of the Session to pass without exposing,what he conceived to have been a high breach of the Royal prerogative. The Hon. Under Secretary of State (Mr. Clive) had asserted,- that the Petition in question was sent to Brighton, and an answer obtained. He (Mr. Mac donald) thought, that when the Honourable Gent!e man heard the official answer which had been made on the subject, be would allow that he had been mis taken. The Petition was signed by nine very respect able inhabitants of Liverpool, in behalf of a man under sentence of death for uttering forged not's. It was transmitted to the Rig/at Hon. George Canning, the Member for Liverpool, by whom it was sent to the Secretary of State for the Home Department.— The Honourable Gentleman then read the following cots espondence _ ,ents, may put on t he grout 2 conqueror, tit t goes • How s , is cou ntry—now our great Con co mmand of I ; to the comp se brought so r ev er we cots manded by the ; vet all con not to that for the me p a y,but for ti • ! How full c hoice by the a cute,' the di Happily 1 ovary meal th eater field o 1 state of F Powers to wi What can 1 ration, after ft ivazality, a ll i ts station in the its Councils trs nssembled t ht, not regardini but acting ti c s, and consult ':he General Pea, save particular e.:O years has sh T..i-"ed in every ,!i,orier of tli '': pleasure the a .aced by the fir is, gradually re a , :itation ma . •s , :s More from t opinioas undo s :o be considet .ri!. Let us ht ‘hly felt the ev :ov:e sensibly all 1 . .0m a limited seeing a dispot am to assimilati : , 1t ours, to fish ;:vt to take the -I':iar advantages mstrated, the nun ‘i the loss of tit en,sy, by li,tetr I impracticable led improvemet • proof, vet tit 'add !hat there ::come by the re , Europe only ha , :,e superiority of • :he same systen • :ke is done to due to , rights of conqu lertaken, not for • the expansion of punishme.n. ti to the peaecab von. The cons secirity and t , ;71-or m Jar present relat r the conunercia pact: as will p otries, from be of recip • taken a review -1, att.! seeing tht be our duty t those varieus hie liameut has an vided a'.!.sation our cOric , :ra to i .rnotiag the indt: he people and :comeglicnces of ; the advantages re veri indiscse, been granted d: seconding the th:it every for :iesce, whatever peaeliment of l• 'Rout pledging s'•,:te measures. MACDON :lres : to pass un svitncnt any p might trosons on 'NI "A his call e , •it but one sent sni unite in de , Royal Highises x'n Ther subjes I, scif bound to s { sett, the extrz cit had beets to ''fa remarks of , :ch he intended c'tuld join is ':ch had been a •!tart; reducti which had be Jrned from Ft a .ter who would Erce besides .se deserved int ': l l'nis point he s t:tat portioli of • , Ye been ?lad, a eyanned other particularly lavt which nos e income. of th< "a , e of Br.insys been a treme 'gsorest of th ::iblitorships "arc CIA reforn le hest in the 1. t t o c arr , -...":4;rn tlit:l (COPY.) " Richmond Park, 14th Dec. 1818, eight o'clock. " Stit—l have this moment received, by a special messenger, yo'ur letter of this afternoon, containing the Petition of nine Bankers of the town of Liverpool, to his Royal highness the Palace REIENT, playing for a respite of the three unfortunate men who are condemned to be executed to-morrow morning at die Old Bailey, for the crime of uttering forged Bank-notes. " A similar Petition from another quarter hasbeen mat:mined to his Royal Highness by me since his Royal Highness has been at Brighton; and I have been honoured by his Royal High ness's authority to act in this matter in the mode most conso nant to my own feelings and judgment. It would th.refore he unnecessary (even if time permitted', to dispatch the present Pe tition to Brighton; and I am sorry to inform you that I cannot perceive any grounds upon which t can, cnnitivetely with my sense of public duty, recommend the present convicts as fa ols jects of the Royal Mercy.—l have flu: honour to be, Sir, • " Your most humble servant, (Sirned) " Sintrotratt. " Right Hon. George C.arming, Ike. &r." • (COPY.) " I ondon. Dec. 31, 'NIS. " lost not a moment in transmitting to the Secre'..ry . of State for the Home I).yortinent the Mentorlilii; the Ilaekt•TS of Liverpool, in belv.lf of the unfemmate men upon whom the sentence of the law was to be executed this morning. " Inclosed is a copy of Lord Sidmouth's answer to my letter. I am grieved that the circunutances of the Lases were each ..s to preclude compliance with the prayer of your 31emoriaL - " I have the honour to be, Sir, " Your most obedient and faithful servant, "John Moss, Esq. (Signed) " GEOket CANNING." " I ought, perhaps, to mention to you, that your packet, by some accident, did not come to my hands till near fouro elock yesterday. The memorial wad then dispatched by a special mes senger to Richlnond ; thc delay (as Lord Sidmouth's letter chews) was of no consequence, though it was very distressing that in this inttauce it should have occurred. But I earnestly adviseyou, in any case requiring immediate dispatch, in Which you may wish to employ the intervention of my service with any of the Depart ments of State, to address the original Memorial to the Diaart ment itself, apprising me lay the same post that you ie:ee done so, and furnishing me with a copy of the paper. " G. C. - -After havieg heard these documents, could i t st ill be contended -- (said Mr. Macdonald) that a Minister had not refused to apply to the Prince Regent, in a case in which the high prerogative of mercy .was concerned—(hear, hear)? • Mr. CANNING hoped, after what had lust been stated with respect to the conduct of the Noble cretary of State on a particular occasion, that he might be allowed to explain as to that transaction. Rising for this .purpose alone, if the debate shoald go on, he trusted he should not be precluded from taking a part in it at a later hour, if he should think this necessary. Ile begged to say the Honourable Gentleman was mistaken (for he would not suppose that it was any thing but a mistake), as to the de gree of discretion which had been exercised by the Noble Secretary of State ou the occasion to which he had alluded. The letter, he believed, was a fair transcript of one which he had received from Lord Sidmouth. If he had known the subject was likely to come under discussion, he could have brought the letter in his pocket ; but he believed the copy which had been read to be perfectly correct. Ile would now proceed to state what were the real facts. The case of the unfortunate man in question had been . brought under the consideration of the Privy Coun cil by the Recorder's Report. It was carefully con sidered in full Council many days before the execn lion took place. On this occasion the greatest atten tion was paid to every thing that could be urged in favour of the unhappy man, and on the fullest ail beratien, the voice of every Councillor present was honestly, but painfully given against him, and the sentence of the law was ordered to be executed. He was selected to suffer from among many to whom mercy was that day extended.. Between that • day and the period at which the execution took place, many petitions wet e presented in behalf of the culprit. Some of these he believed, but one he knew, had been sent to Brighton, forwarded thither, if he mis took not, by the Petitioners. Though mercy wits rightly called the brightest jewel of the Crown: yet the House had not to learn that this enviable prero gative was exercised by the Sovereign on the respon sibility of his Advisers. Ile repeated it, that it was on the fullest deliberation that the decision in this man's case had been taken and recorded. The ciis ceetion vested hi the Secretary of State went not to the extent of enabling hint to pardon. Of himself, lie could not chew mercy. What had been said by Lord Sidmouth went to this effect, that had any new circumstances transpired ill his favour, it might then have been for him, not to determine whether he should be pardoned or not, lint whether he should not be allowed a respite? The vo:ce of Lord Sid mouth raised against the olfcader had been but one amongst many ; and the clime imputed to his Lord ' ship now was, that on the eve of the execution of the sentence, he had been able to discover nothing to change the character cf the case, and had therefore declined granting a respite to excite hopes which he knew must be frustrated when the subject should come to undergo a new inquiry —(Near, hear, hear.) Now, in the coarse so pursued by the Noble Secre tary of State, he could not see that he had exercised any power which the Constitution did not give high, nor that he had so used the power which the Consti tution did give him as to appear guilty of any disre spect towards the Crown, or of any hardness of heart, or obduracy of feeling towards the unhappy man who had been executed. To himself, as the Member for Liverpool, a Petition in favour of the offender had been forwarded from that town, Ile had beep of the Council which decided for the ese , cution of. the sentence. He had given his voice against the man. It .was a most vain/ill-task to per ferna, Gore knows; but, however painful, a man most discharge his duty according to his conscience. As a Member Of Parliament, he had co:hi& cd it I • ) • ~' j.J f . 1 ..i . .i . Z i 1 .., i t . { r i i • ,:ii,... .. t • 1 t . • . • I . • i i. . i :$ ...• ‘..1 . 1 11/ s1 i t i 4 1 1* I ' . 4 11 1 1 1 I .) . • 1 i • . i i I : 1 ' • 1 i I 1 .i i Ai ii - I .' .. i'' i