Star. — London, England, 1802-09-22 00:00:00

GARNEAIN's DE'SCElV i lbyl PARACI-lUTE. The perfea novelty of this experiment to Eng 'amen, the feveral interruptions which the wea ther had hitherto offered to its execution, and the finenefs of the afternoon yefterday, drew a vaft concourfe of perfons to the Weft end of the town, and the experiment completely fucceeded. The Balloon, Parachute, and Apparatus, were re moved in the morning from the Pantheon to St. George's Parade, North Audley-fireet,Grofvenor fquare, and at half part one o'clock the procefs of filing commenced from 33 calks placed under the bed adjoining the ground, from which by oiled (ilk tubes it was conveyed to the Balloon in the centre of the ground, where it was furrounded by a fquare inclofure of rails, from which a number of rows of benches were placed for the company. The doors were opened at two o'clock, and the company began to affemble. Before three o'clock the Balloon was nearly filled, and a part of the pipes were taken off, and the procefs of working the gas flackened for the remainder of the time. At this period the Car ufed in the former afcents was attached to the Balloon, and two men fat in it to keep down the Balloon, which was flayed alto by three cords from its top, which were fattened to the extremities of the ground. At ten minutes before three, a large cylindrical paper Balloon was yet off by rarefied air from Park-lane, which con tinued ten minutes in fight, and afcertained the coorfe of the very little wind that there then blew to be nearly S. W. The Parachute was made of white canvas, or fail cloth, formed by thirty-two gores into a hemif pherical form, twenty-three feet diameter, at the top of which was a truck, or round piece of wood, 70 inches diameter, with a hole in its centre, fatt ened to the canvas by thirty-two thort pieces of tape. At about 4i feet from the top of the can vas, a wooden hoop about eight feet diameter was put on and tied by a Itring from each team, fo that when the Balloon afcended the Parachute hung like a curtain from this hoop, and appeared cylin drical, between the Balloon and the Car, or cylin drical balket covered with oil'd cloth, about four feet high, and two feet and a quarter diameter, in which M. GAILIERIN afcended. About half paft four o'clock a fpherical Balloon of green oiled 111 k, about eight feet in diameter, called a pilot Bal loon' was brought into the ground, and the gas tubes were detached from the great Balloon, and fattened to this, and by a quarter pall five o'clock it being tufficiendy filled, M. Gaansais detached it from the tubes, and concluded it to Mrs. Sits imam, who was with Mr. SHERIDAN within the tails, and from her fair hand it was launched, and rote amid the acclamations of the fpeaators, but having no weight attached to it, it rolled very much, and had a fiat, or unfilled part in its fide. For about four minutes it continued to rife, and proceeded from the ground in a ftraight line, in dining upwards about 45°, and in a direition very nearly N. E. In eight minutes after its afcent it ap pared to retch a contrary current of air, and came back again towards the ground, but in a more foutherly direaion,ftill rifingtill it became invifible from its (manners. At about half pall five o'clock the Car was detached from the netting of the Bal loon, and the ends of the firings attached to the fmall troop below the Balloon were tied togeth er, and a large rope, wove like the patent fallse was fatt ened theretor and its other end pared through the truck of the Parachute, and brought down thmugh it to the cylindrical Car, where it was made falt by a knot, intended to be cut when the defcent was to take place ; the cylindrical Car was fufpended from the lower edge of the Parachute, or bag, by 32 firings. Soon after the Balloon was fuffered to rife by flackening the cords, till it was retained by the rope before-mentioned ; at this time it was fo calm that the Balloon waved about, but very lit tle, although fufpended at a great height only by this rope, and a (mall line held to windward ; at 47 minutes after five M. Gamely got into the Car, amid} great acclamations, and afcended, ac companied by Rill greater app laufe. The whole apparatus rote moft majeftically, and from the great height of the Balloon, Parachute, and Car, had a furprifingly fine effedi. M. GARNEtIN began immediately to wave a tri-coloured flag, which he held in his hand, firti on the South fide and after wards on she North, and took exactly the courfe which the pilot balloon had kill before done. A few minutes after. the Balloon appeared from the place of afcenfion to be flationary, and teemed to be returning back, as the Pilot Balloon had done, but Rill rifing, when about fix o'clock, the Para chute and Car were teen to feparate, and in an in- Rant the Parachute loft its cylindrical appearance, and formed a fegrnent of a fphere, with the Car fofpended below it, and defcended very regularly ; hut by degrees the Car, with M. GARN ER tx in it, began to (wing like a pendulum, 011 it vibrated to near 45° on each fide the perpendicular, and con tinued thus to (wing till it funk fo as to become invifible from the ground where he afcended. For fome feconds the fenfationsiof the fpeaators wete inexpreffibly painful. Every one believed that this intrepid wronaut was about to meet his fate. We can read without emotion 'of thoufands being fiaughtered in the fi e ld o f b att l e , or ( wa ll owe d u p by' an earthquake; but it is impogble for us ac• tually to behold a fellow-creature in danger with. out being palfied by terror, or tortured by anxiety. M. GARN ERIN feveral times appeared almoftas high as the Parachute. The rope teemed to lengthen to rear forty feet, and he made a complete vi bration alma} every fecond. . One part of the curve was defcribed fo rapidly that the eye could fcarcely follow the motion. The iffea produced was according to the various charalt e r s a nd con 'onions of thofe who were preterit. There was a general (bri c k among the women, and feveral !Aimed away ; t h e men Teemed fully to participate in their feelings, though few of them exhibited fuel) prong fyniptoms of emotion; there were .finny involuntary exclamations and tinconfcious demonhati( 4 .% of terror. The general belief was, dl fom e terrihleaccident had happened ; either that' M. GARN ERIN had dropped from the balloon fooner than he expeacd, or that he had loft the ballall H. t_ - a . . the Moment of reparation an immenfe quantity of rand fell, which could be difaovered. forming a thin cloud nearltfor a quarter of a mile. In the chock produced by the fall of the Car before the Parachute was extended, the rand bags might have been thrown out. With a few pounds more weight M. GAR N saiN would certainly have defcend ed in a more perpendicular direCtion, and would have run leftlefs danger. He paired thmughfeven times the (pace he would have done if he had come down in a rightline,and he was three or four times longer in defcending. As he approached the earth, the motion became morefteady. When he was only goo feet high, people fuppofed that he could no longer be in any danger. After teeing a man at fuch a ditlance from the ground, a leap from the fourth florey of a houfe teemed quite trifling. Still the greateft anxiety prevailed till the news arrived that M. GARNFRIN had alighted in fafety. Every one believed that he murk come down in the next tireet, and while thote in Hyde Park were running into Grofvepor-fquare, thole who had Rationed them (elves in Grofvenor•fquare were hurrying to Ox. ford-flreet. There was not fuch a crowd colleted in any part as formerly in the fields, near Lord's Cricket Ground, but it is probable that there were as many altogether who witneffed the experiment. The wind blew according to every one's fancy, and people went to Hyde Park. to the Green Park, to Grofvenor-fquare, to Portmantquare, to the fields near Paddington, to the fields near Iflington, as it fatted their convenience or caprice. The above defcription applies chiefly to the ap pearances as teen from the ground from whence he rote. Thole who had taken their Ration in the Jew's Harp fields, and in a direltion thence to St. Pancras, had the heft view of the defcent. It was over thefe fields that M. GARN ERIN detached the Balloon, after which he paired over Somers Town, about 8o or too feet above the houfes, but lower ing in his parage till carried over St. Pancras, where he lighted. Su violent was the (hock as to throw him on his face, which was cut little and bled confiderably.. He appeared almoft exhaufled, was agitated a little, and trembled much when relieved from the Parachute. It is no wonder that public curiortty was again excited. For the firft time in this Ifland a perfon was to launch himfelf from the heights of the at mofphere, with no other proteition than a bit of canvas, and a few flicks of whalebone. If this could be accomplifhed, mutt it not be the triumph of experimental phildophy, and the molt fplendid viaory ever obtained by man over the elements The Balloon was no fooner feparated from the Parachute, than it rolled over, having now no ballafi, and rofe rapidly, fhaping its courfe nearly over the ground, and fo high as fcarcely to be vi. fible, till s 8 minutes after fix, when it was no longer to be difcerned ; it is probable that neither this or the Pilot Balloon will fall for many hours, and perhaps at a great diftance towards the W. or S. W.—M. Gaits gam bad on a blue jacket and trowfers, and appeared quite colleted and un daunted ; he took with him, as ufual, a portable barometer for determining his height. Madame Giawsaiw returned to Pans before M. GAIN IRIN went to Bath, and was not prefent. This is the 31 ft time of afcending, and his sth in England, and the firft dine that any perfon here defccnded by a Parachute. Lord STA . lIHOPIi was ptefent, and converted a good deal with M. GAILNIRIN and Mr. GLASIORD, who before afcended with M. GARUZILINe Near moo perfons were prefeut in the ground, and among many others of dißinetion we noticed Lord Wit. KUSSIELL, Lord Castries, Mr. COMBS ' , Mr. DINT, Sir FRAMCIS BURDITT, Mr. WHITIMAD, Gen. LILAND, and Capt. Vi MIT. We are happy to aunounce that not the Mullett accident or dif turbatice happened at the ground, notwithfland sag the adjoining houfes were covered with Tome hundreds of fpeetators. Among a gronpe of well dreired perfons on the roof of an adjoining houfe, two chimney fweepers made • their appearance, climbing out of the chimney pots, and Tome mirth was created by their taking their Rand among the com y. M. GARWIRIN firll alighted, very few per form were near him, but in a few minutes there were not lets than a thoufand. A perfon on bora back immediately alighted, and placed M. GAR.. aim on his }lode; as he was very much fatigued and faint. His fituation now again became alarm ing, as the crowd from curiofity preffed fo clofe upon him, that he • was in great danger of be ing thrown to the gmund, when feveral Gentle men on horfeback teeing his fituation, formed themfelves into 'a body of cavalry, to protea him from the mob. A procellion then took place along the New Road, attended by an im mcnfe crowd, which bore before them the hoop of the Parachute, to denote that M. GAIRMI&IN ems on his way. A Gentleman alto rode by his fide, waving the flag ufed by the Aeronaut in his afcent. In this manner they proceeded as far as Totten ham-court-road, where they met feveral waggons loaded with timber, which caufed tome interrup tion to the procefllon, and the mob becoming ex ceedingly troublefome, M. GARNIRIN% protec tors were obliged to quicken their pace to get rid of it, and took their route up Portland Road as far as Duchefs-greet. Here M. GAINZRIN was confulted as to what part of the town he withed to be conducted to • and having men tioned Baker-greet , the cavalcade turned round and proceeded in that diration. At the top of High-ilreet, Mary-la-bonne, a fracas took place between the mob and the toll collators at the turnpike, the latter having refuted to let M. GAILWIRIN 2 S attendants pais without paying the toll • but the fyflem of equality being firongly urged by the mob with inod-down arguments, they were at length filtered to pail, and reached Ba ker-Meet without further interruption ; but Mr. GARIIIIIII not finding his friends at home, took refuge at a houfe in Blandford-greet, where he re mained until the mob difperfed, after which he went to Affley's Amphitheatre. We learn frond pelf; that the librations which to thofe who taw -med fo dangerous, were occafioned vo. bLD I)AiL.Ei. SPECIAL b 0 MMIsSiOK Yefterdaj the Commit on appointed by his Ma jelly's Order met at ten o'clock. The Judges were the Caine who are Rill fitting during the Seffions. Henry Rea, 7. G. Beaumont, and Yoh" Morgan, were brought to the Bar to be tried upon an In diament, charging them with the wilful murder of John Bremar, who fell in a duel, in which Mr. Rea was Principal, and the other two Gentlemen were Seconds, at the Cape of Good Hope, on the lath of March laft. The lift of the Jury fpecially fummoned for this purpofe being called over, feveral of them were enured (crying on account of being challenged by the Prifoners' Counfel ; after which the Jury was compofed of the following Gentlemen : Samuel Haißead, WiO. Thurnbury Brown, Samuel °Rome, Henry Seavenard, Chrift James Hayes, Innis 1. Vinguard, Sunlit) Thorn, Walser Weft, Thomas Qvey, Chrittoplicr Smith, Wm. Rich, Samuel Brands. Mr. Penal opened the Pleading for the Crown. The ATTORNRY GINIRAL opened the Cafe.— He Paid, that the occafion which called for their affiaance in the adminiaration of Jullice, and the call for their difcharge of duty, they bad learnt from the Indiament they had heard read by the Officer, as well as by the opening of thePleudings; it was owing to the death of a Gentleman of the name of John Bremar. The Prifoners at the Bar flood charged with his murder. The death of Mr. Bremar was occafioned, as fhould appear before the Jury in evidence, and took place at the Cape of Good Hope on the tath of March laft, in a duel, in which Mr. Rea, who was firft named in the Indiament, was the principal ; the other two prifoners were affiftants in that duel, that is to fay, they were Seconds of the Parties who fought The death which the Jury has to inquire into hap pened at the Cape of Good Hope : there was no opportunity of trying the Prifoners there, and, therefore, the Commander in Chief upon that Ra tion fent them home for that purpofe ; and the Court was now affembled under the authority of a Law of which he would fhortly take notice.— It was the Statute of the 33d of Henry VIII. which provides for cafes of this defcriptidn. It provides, that whenever Murder or High Treafon is committed on any of his Majefty's Subjeas be yond Seas, a Commiffion (hall ifrue for the trial of fuch offence in any County in England. A Commiffion for that purpofe had iffued, and un der that Coinmiflion the Jury were now impan nelled to try the Prifoners at the Bar. He did not think it would be neceffary for him to trouble the Jury with many obfervations in the opening of this cafe ; he had already Rated, that the death they were to inquire of was occalloned by a duel. He need not tell (itch a Jury that by the Law of this Country, if two perfons deliberately and with a purpofe aforethought, meet to decide any former quarrel, or to decide any quarrel when their paffion may reafonably be fuppofed to have been cooled, fo that reafon may be waled to affume its powers over human anions, and they fight, and in confecitience of their fo fighting one of them is killed, it is murder in the furvivor of them. It was, however, impoflible to deny, that although this was the law of this country, it was known at the fame time that there was what was called the law of honour, and that the feelings which men had upon that law, were at variance with the law of the land ; and it was impoffible for men who bad at all mixed in the affairs of the world not to lament the fevere AlR:lions which fometimes were endured under the fierce rules and affelted fanCtion of what were called the laws of honour. The Jury muff therefore have very different feelings when they were called upon to try a cafe of this defcription from an ordinary cafe of murder; but in Rating this, he begged they would not fo far mif underfiand him, as to fuppofe he was confidering in any degree the law of hodour . as governing this cafe ; for the law of honour was not the law which the Jury were upon their - oaths bound to ad minifter in that cafe, but the law of the land, - and if that law, in its general provifions, was too re vere for cafes of this defcription, it was to the Legiflature alone application ought to be made to mollify its rigour : if in auy particular café the law might be fuppofed to be too fevere, it was to the mercy of the Crown that application ought to be made in fuch particular cafe ; but Juries were to difcharge their rerpeftive duties according to the. law of the land only. He Mould, therefore, pro ceed to Rate to them fhortly the grouads on which he confidered the law of the land to reft in fuch cafes; he fhould then (late to them, likewife, the • s of the prefent cafe, which he Should give in evidence : he fhould then apply the law of the cafe to fuch fads, and then call upon them to adminifter the law, after they had heard it Itated.from better authority than his, from the Bench. He then pro ceeded to read the opinion of Mr. Juftice Black- Rone upon the fubjeft of.duelling, the fubaance of which was, that if two perfons deliberately meet in cold blood, to fettle any difpute whatever, and death enfues, it is murder in the furviving party, and not only murder in fuch furvivor, but alai in the Seconds, and all who may be aiding and Alin ing in it. He read the whole of that opinion, as it appears delivered in the works of that Learned Jude. He alto read at length the opinion of Mr. Juftice Rifler upon the fame fubjea, which was of the fame tendency. The evidence, he laid, which he had to lay before the Jury, related to the traufaCtions of the night before te duelwas fought, which was the isth of March. He Should prove to them that the prifoner, Mr. Rea, ordered his fervant to call him up at three o'clock the next morning ; that the fervant, in obedience to his mailer's commands, went to him for that purpofe, but found him up with one of the other prifoners at the Bar, Mr. Beaumont : that lkir. Rea gave the fervant a bag,containing a brace of piftols; told the (avant to follow him, which he did, about a goal-- ter of a mile, in what is called the COmpanes, or Government Garden, at the Cape; that on their ar rival at the garden,Mr.Rea and Mr. Beaumont were Peen by this fervent in earredation th itfleep that afterwards he was awakened matter with the bag wider his head.; that his me ter told him' to go to finite diftgh6b,and not to re turn till_he was whittled for; that the fet-vant re tired, and having been abfetit a fhort time; he heard a pitted go off; that wheii he returned he faw Mr. Beaumont and the, other prifoner, iii the ad of affifiing Mr. Bremer, when Mr. Rea niade,ufe of an expreffion which thewcd that he had (hot Mr. Bremer ' • for he faid that he. meaning the deceafed, had had two bi- three fhots for his one. They then led the unhappy man to a houfe, where he had a furgeon to affitt-iiim; and no doubt, due attention was paid to halt, but unfortunately the next day he died, and the Sur geon would be examined, who would prove that it was the caufe of his death. tinder theft .cirtnm. fiances, be fubmitted, that the firth hiil frir the confideration of the Jury would be, whether or not the death was occafioned from that due ? a queftion, upon which he apprehended le evidence Would leave no doubt whatever in their minds.— The circumftance of his appointing his fervent to call him up in the morning ; his taking the bag delivering it up to his matter ; his being ordered to retire to a diftance ; .hearing the report of a gums or piaci' fired twice or thrice ; his return, and fee. ing the deceafed in the condition in which be was, and the expreffions made ufe of by the prifoner, Mr. Rea, could not poffibly leave a doubt in the minds of the Jury, that the death was occafioned •by the duel. The law of the cafe would prefumei nothing in favour of the accufed, but ori the con trary would prefume every thing againft them, after it 'etas eftablifhed they were the caufe of the death. It would therefore remain with them to thew that what they did was eitherjuftified by ne ceffity, or if not juftified, was an aft of a lair de nomination than wilful murder, and fuch as the Jury might, in any other cafe, confider as man. !laughter. Now upon that fubjeEt, he had to ob ferve to the Jury, that if upon the whole of the evidence the cafe appeared to them to amount to no more than manflaughter, the prifoners would be entitled to their acquittal ; for the commiffion which was the authority upon which (they were tried, extended only to murder ; it was therefore 'in this cafe, either murder, or it was nothing. Up on the queftion of murder, they would confider whether it could be faid to be done with malice ? and in confidering that point, they would have to determine, whether or not a fufficient interval had paired between the quarrel and the fighting of the duel, as gave time to the parties to eolith their reafon, and to be cool and deliberate. If fuch an interval had elapfedithe law would imply malice from the aft ; then the crime would be murder. To prove this doarine, he quoted at length a cafe elaborately ftated from my Lord Raymond, the effea of which was to (hew, that if parties quarrel on one day, and deliberately meet the next, or in the morning and in the afternoon of the fame day, for the purpofe of deciding their quarrel, and death enfues, it will be murder in the furvivor, and all parties concerned ; for the law will excufe no killing, except fuch as is the confequence of an aft done in a paffinn ; and when a man is deprived of his reafoning fa culties. Now if fuch be the law, and fuch the faap„ as he had Hated, he fhould prove to them in evidence, there could not in this cafe appear to be any excufe in law, for the fad of killing would be clear, and the interval between the quarrel and that fait mull be taken to be fufficiently long to af foid the parties an opportunity of colleaing and fubmitting their paffions to the dominion of rea fon, which is always the duty of men to do. Thofe obfervations applied to the cafe, not of Principals' alone, but of Seconds alfo ; for in the eye of the law, they were equally guilty. It was, however, proper he thould obferve, with regard to the cafe of Mr. Beaumont, that he was the Second of the furvivor. He believed there never was entertain ed the leaft doubt, that if a party falls in a duel, it is Murder in the furvivor, and in the Second of the furvivor of that duel. But with - regard to the Second of the deceafed, he thought it his duty to Rate to the Jury, that the point did not Rand pre cifely in the fame light, nor fo free from doubt as the other. It had been doubted by a very grave Authority, and which Authority he fhould refer to the Bench, from which, of courfe, the Jury would receive the law, and not from him. But it had been doubted by the Lord Chief Juftice HALE, whether it was Murder in the Second of the deceafed ? Here he quoted the opinion of that great and Learned Judge, and then proceeded to obferve, that when they came to confider the pur pofe of a duel, the intention of it being' evidently illegal and niifchievous, and the event turning out fitilly to one of the Parties, he owned it did not appear to him rational to endeavour to make any diftinaion between the Parties—the leaning of his opinion was, that there was no good reafon for any fuch diftinetion ; that the purpofe of all the Parties was originally equally illegal, and that the event only determined which of them fhould Rand in the condition of Second to the deceafed ; this doCtrine he underftood to be held by Mr. Juftice BULLER once upon the Wettern Circuit, the name andparticularsofwhich cafe he was not then furniffi ed with, but he believed it to be well known to fome Gentlemen in the Profeffion. He exprefsly held the Second of the deceafed to be equally guilty with the refl. Having thus fhortly Rated the cafe, and fubmitted his opinion upon the Law, which, however, the Jury would take from the Bench, and not from him, he thould proceed to call his evidence without further obfervation on the fttbjea. Francis Simpfon, [examined by Mr. Pi.omea.) ~* 1 was at the Cape of Good Hope in the month of March lag, in the capacity of fervaut to Mr.H. Rea. I remember on Saturday, the t 3th of March, in the evening, Mr. Rca, while on board the (hip Hindoftan, about four o'clock, defired me to go on fhore, and get up at two o'clock in the mai n ing.. He did not then fay any more to me.—l went on flume that night, and he gave me that diredion. Mr. Rca himfelt went on ihore, and Mr- Beaumont with him. The [hip was then better than a mile from Chore. Mr. Rea and Mr. Beaumont went on More iu the boat Loge ,Mr e _4ea had larlst-