Star. — London, England, 1818-03-13 00:00:00

.4 ' --. , =we I , i Who lea 4 teo end . Pri is a the etc eau oft 1 , . M take] his e i . NIV meal part, . : agail beta fens Bi part abri4 , p_ron The • of si ) Pen Or I l 1 ;il 1 sary can of t] 1 imp i ' pern i ante . • , Si , • i • " 1 i conf i 11 1 cost desc ilI peal Tait: otfe • . " as v . , mal girl 1 1 Celli • it, i find 1 ' ' ' 1 to r hoc 1 1 (itl air for s ty b n• (thi of . 1 ... 1 i snr th a 1 t'te 15, tin , c la the gli t 1 t• 1..1 1.114 C >t' I 1 C ..r d : , i la n • of to len i • s PI pri a gal cot eve feri ma .-* plt tats al a jus '1 1 the ills c, cut wh • C° : II Ili; • ...1 k ta.,:. ilti I t 1 i ) , dc I I 1 II:l. il . i i r 1 41 et ' ri i P i l o r•• vi , 11 , ' 1:., . . f 1,. - i or st is :1 CI VI , • t SI • I e 1 si 11f v 11 ;\. 1 • ti ' 11 li l t i i , 41 II a 1 11 A r , , C 4 I i i . i i, r t ' ~ • .,. 4 , S ‘ , ‘,. • . •., 4 - \ • ' t t .... ' ',....\. .~ ON PRISON DISCIPLINE. et. • Who has not heard of the bepevolent Hayman? Our recol lections are turned to this departed friend of Humanity, by the receipt of a Pamphlet, entitled " An Inquiry whether aim end Mary era produced or pretreated by our :frame System • Priem Discapieu Tnomos Fovress &arose Our object is not to praise the Author for the seal with which he treads in the steps of Howasn—for he must experience, in his own mind, a solid reward for his labours—but, if possible, to promote the cause hobos espoused, bybringing Fefore our Readers a portion of his statement, and the evidence with which he supports it : Magna Charta declares that no freeman shall L taken or imprisoned, but by the 1401 judgment v his qnals, or the law of the land. When a prisoner is convicted by the "lawful judg ment of his equals," imprisonment is sometimes a part. and sometimes the whole of the penalty awarded against him ; and evidently with the strictest justice, because it is proved that he has been guilty of an of fence, and this is the appointed punishment. But the " law of the land" finds it necessary to de part from this rigid rule of equity, which would abridge only that man of his freedom, who had heea pronounced a delinquent by the verdict of his peers. The security of the whole demands, that the liberty of some should be -suspended for a certain period. Persons are accused of crimes—they may be innocent, or they may be guilty : but their detention is neces sary until the time arrives in which one or the other can be established; yet they are innocent in the eye of the law, till their guilt is proved ; and in this case imprisonment is not imposed as a penalty, it is merely permitted as the only method of insuring the appear anCe of the person suspected, on the day of trial. So far does the law carry its reluctance to impose confinement before conviction, that It allows the ac cused, where the imputed offence is not of an heinous description, to be at large on giving bail for his ap pearance; it does not do so in cases of greater enor mity, because the man who has committed a capital offence, and therefore anticipates the loss of his life, as well as of his property, will not he deterred from making his escape by any securities he may have given. The ancient law displayed even still more tenderness towards the liberty of the subject, for" by it, in all cases of felony, if the party accused could find sufficient securities, he was not to be committed to prison, pia career est males Mansio. It soon appears however, that one exception was allowed to this rule, thanvil says, in all charges of felony the accused is admitted to bail, except for the death of a man, where for terror's sake, it is otherwise determined. The law, s tys Lord Coke on Magna Charta, favouring the li b n-ty and freedom of a man from imprisonment (though it were for the most odious cause, the death of a man) and that he should not be detained in pri son until the Justices in eyre should come, provides that he might sue out a writ of inquisition directed to fle Sheriff; and the 3d of Edward the First, chap. 15, after pointing out by many and careful restric tions the eases in which alone bail can be refused, de (Liras if any withhold prisoners replcvisable after they have offered sufficient security, he shall pay a glievous amerceament to the King." In short, to use the expressive words of Lord Coke, he law did highly hate the long imprisonment of a..y man" before trial. Now it is not to be believed that our ancestors, feeling so much solicitude for the c inservation of the freedom of the untried, were uncon c Thed about their state,when the pub iicwelfare deman d : , 1 their confinement. It is as evident by the law of the land, as it is by plain reason and the palpable rules of justice, that the man whom it is found expedient to confine, should be treated with the utmost possible lenity—that suffering some degree of necessary hard ship by the privation of his liberty before trial—that privation should be rendered as mild and as little galling as possible, by every reasonable indulgence compatible with his safe custody. All beyond this, evei y act which produces needless restriction or suf fering, is an act of wrong and of oppression.—Laws niay be as severe against crime as were the laws of Draco, with some colour of justice: mistaken legis lators may imagine that this merciless system may alarm mankind into innocence; but no principle of justice can defend the infliction of any severities on the unconvicted. A man can avoid the penalties of crime, by. avoiding all criminality ; but no man is se cure against false accusation ; and to condemn him who is only suvected, to any thing beyond mere ro:sinement, is to commence his punishment when crime is uncertain.—Lord Coke says, with his quaintness, The philosophical port cloth no tably describe the damnable and damned proceed ings of the Judge of Hell: Gnosaius hie Rhadaraanthus habet durissitna regna, Caatigatque, auditque dubs. " First he punisheth, and then be beamth ; but pod judges and justices abhor these courses." There is another description of persons who are deprived of their liberty by the law of the laid, namely, those in debt.--The debtor may have been guilty of improvidence, of desperate speculations, or of fraudulent wastefulness; but he may have been r•Aticed to his inability to satisfy his creditor by the v I Mtat.; on of GOD,—by disease, by personal accidents, by the failure of reasonable projects, by the largeness or the helplessness of his family. His substance and the substance of his creditor, may have perished together iu the flames, or in the waters. Human foresight cannot always avert, and human industry cannot al ways repair the calamities to which our nature is subjected ; surely these are entitled to some compas sion. The Committee of Aldermen appointed to various prisons, are of a different opinion : they think, " that on no consideration ought indnlgen:e to be carried so far in a prison, as that it shall cease to punish as a prison r and they give this reason : " We should feel that we wanted compassion for the industrious and injured creditors of this city, man: of whom earn their daily bread by labour, from the rising to the setting sun, were we so far to contem plate the situation of these debtors, as to place them within the walls of a prison with greater comparative comforts than the families of the citizens, whom they have not only wronged, but upon whom, by their habits of idleness and dissipation, they have, in many instances, entailed absolute ruin ; and who have been induced by their specious appearances and artful me -ins, to improvidently trust them:: ;:rarely it cannot have escaped these Gentlemen, that this vcs y paragraph °enlaces their p: exemption, that prisoners for debt are always fraudulent ; be cause It produces an iastana in which insolvency is not a fraud. Let us follow their own picture of a citizen :—He earns his daily bread by labour, from the rising to the setting sun; he is imposed upon by tha specious appearances and artful means of the idle and the dissipated; he is unable to discharge the demands against him, and a jail is his fate. Imprisonment is the legal consequence of debt : but it is only imprisonment, and it must not be ac companied with unnecessary and often fatal conco mitants. Not an act in the statute book is to be found, which by any mode of construction can be distorted into a justification of any, even the slightest severity upon the debtor, beyond his imprisonment. With respect then to the untried and debtors, confinement is adjudged by law ; but whatever goes beyond mere confinement, whatever has a tendency to impart mo ral or physical evil, to disgust or to irritate their feel ings, is injustice ;—and injustice the more dreadful, 4 because it is inflicted on a class of men who are al ready too often weighed down by misfortune—be cause it is inflicted in places where the public eye , does not penetrate, where therefore, public compas sion is not excited ; but whether it be mo i re or less dreadful, is not so much the question. I con ceive, is certain, that any unnecessary severity to the prisoner who has not been tried, or the prisoner for debt, is injustice. I am ready to admit, that the hardship of loading the convicted delinquent with rigours which are not required for his safe custody, is less evident. On the first view of the subject, we are apt to imagine that this is a part of his punishment ; but it is not so in the contemplation of the law.—That law ascertains the nature, and in some cases the Judge determine: the quantum of the punishment, according to the aggravations of the crimes. In cases of murder, " the offender shall be fed with bread and water only, and confined in a cell apart from the other pri soners ;" but this peculiar severity appointed in cer tain cases, implies that it is not to be exercised in others where no such appointment is made. It is therefore evident, I conceive, that where the law condemns a man to jail, and is silent as to his treatment there, it intends merely that he should be amerced of his freedom, ect that he should be sal . jetted to any useless severities. This is the whole of his sentence, and ought therefore to be the whole of his suffering. If any one should be disposed to hesitate in the adoption of this opinion, and should still cling to the idea, that prisons ought to be, not merely places of restraint, but of 'restraint coupled with deep and in tense misery; let him consider the injustice, and irre sistible difficulties which would result from such a system. If misery is to be inflicted - at all in prisons, it ought surely to be inflicted with some proportion to the crime of the offender; for no one could desire to visit very different degrees of guilt with the same measure of punishment. Now this is utterly imprac ticable. Our prisons are so constructed, as in many instances to prevent the possibility of any separation at all, even between the tried and the untried, the criminal and the debtor, the insane,. the sick, and the healthy. If it be difficult to separate those amongst whom the difference is so broad and palpable, how would it be possible to relax or to aggravate imprison ment according to the 'varying circumstances of each case ? There must be as many distinctions as crimes, and almost as many yards as prisoners. And who is to apportion this variety of wretchedness? The Judge who knows nothing of the interior of the jail, or the jailer who knows nothing of the transactions of the Court ? The law can easily snit its penalties to the circumstances of the case. It can adjudge to one of fender imprisonment for one day ; to another, for 20 years ; but what ingenuity would be sufficient to de vise, and what discretion could be trusted to inflict modes of imprisonment with similar variations? In fact, prisons must always, certainly under our present modes of policy they must, contain masses of offenders, with very different shades and distinc tions of guilt ; and we must either make imprison went as bitter as possible, and thus involve the com paratively innocent, in these hardships which we im pose upon delinquency of the deepest hue, confound ing all notions of equity ; or we must come to the conclusion that imprisonment is nothing more than privation of liberty, and ought therefore to be at tended with as little of what is vexatious, and as little of what is hurtful as possible. Let no one apprehend that he is called upon to embrace any new opinion ; the doctrine is older than the statute-book—it existed when the existence of the House of Commons is a matter of conjecture. Brae ton says, that fetters and all such things are forbid den by law ; because a prison is a place of reten tion, and not of punishment, lib. iii. folio 105. Fleta says, 1. i. c. 26, jailers shall not increase the pu nishment of those committed to their care, nor shall they torture them ; but all severity being avoided, and all mercy being exercised, they shall duly exe cute their sentences. Lord Coke says, all the said an cient authors are against any pain or torture being inflicted upon a prisoner before attainder; nor after the attainder, but according to the judgment. Taking along with us the principle which has here been stated, we must next consider particularly the treatment which a prisoner should receive ; and the equitable principle seems to he, that he shoiild suffer no damage either in mind or body, which is not found in his sentence ; that his situation should not be worse than it was before his commitment, with the single exception of the loss of liberty. This can only be done by general rules. You cannot exactly adapt his treatment in prison to his preceding circumstances ; but by the establishment of equitable and liberal re-' gnlations you may guard against any violent infrac tion of justice ; and if you err at all it will be on the side on which we should all wish w err—the side of humanity.—( To be continued.) Mr. WILLIAM MARTIN and the other parish oifi cers of Downham, near Ely, have come to a deter mination to furnish all such of their labourers as sup port themselves and .families without parochial re lief, with a good white hat. Upwards of fifty have already applied for and received •his honourable badge of distinction, and seem highly proud of it, styling themselves " independent labourers." If si milar methods were generally adopted, they would tend greatly to reclaim the labouring class from that dependence on their parishes, which the recent dis tress drove them to. eve lit , deep s , Yesterday a numerous and respectable Meeting of respet• the friends of this Gentleman was held in the City o f judge London Tavern, for adopting measures to secure his aid In b ca e lu s zi t Wow; to Al P d a e r r l m iarn an en G t oop at the next General Election. E ta le k c en tion. the Chair, shortly explained the object for which they on ever were convened, and hoped that their efforts would their r' be successful in returning Mr. Waithman to Paslia- office t men; on account of the unwearied and admirable NN ith exertions he had made in behalf of the people—exer- dealer , tions which had uniformly displayed the profoundest to be 1 wisdom, moderation, and integrity (hear, hear, hear!) the L i The character of this Gentleman, his pre-eminent Princil qualifications for the hgnour of representing the City 1:I! tin were too well known to require any eulogium. give u Mr. KIRBY (late Sheriff) would not occupy the not fit time of the Meeting long with any observations of the pi his ; but he felt it was impossible not to congratu- fro m late the friends of rational Reform and of the Consti- His g tution on the most respectable number who this day denim assembled. He was proud to see in the Chair the a Met worthy Alderman, who was venerated and esteemed Metric by his fellow-citizens for having so long and faith- FnmPen fully advocated their cause. Of Mr. Waithman's it slum) abilities he would say nothing, persuaded as he was that, that there was but one opinion among the indepen- to bre. dent Livery on that subject; and he sincerely hoped had mi that their efforts this day would be crowned with the Al success. He then moved a series of Resolutions. object Mr. OLDHAM seconded the Resolutions, observing while that he had on many occasions differed from Mr. tlo.- Waithman, but was always persuaded that that re- 1— ' spectable Gentleman acted from the purest and best of motives. His exertions in behalf of the City could never be forgotten, particularly what he had dune on the Mock Auctions, the Bankrupt Laws, and, above lall, what reformation he had wrought in the School of Christ's Hospital.--One solitary objection had been made against Mr. Waithman's election. namely, that he was a retail dealer—(hear, hear.) For his part, that was the very reason why he should vote for his being returned ; for could it be contended that the great body of the citizens of London, the retail clea rers, ought not to have one of their own body for their representative, when he would he best able to guard their interests ? He hoped his exertions would be duly regarded by his fellow-citizens, and that on this occasion they would exercise their elective rights in a manner honourable to themselves, and condu cive to the best interests of the City—(loud applause.) Mr. Fassats. addressed the Meeting on the same subject, and hoped the friends of the cause would re member that it was only by a long pull, a strong pull, and a pull altogether, that they could succeed. His worthy friend and the respectable Ch::sman had dared to be firm in times of danger, when none ap peared in their support; but they had now the satis faction of seeing their great object accomplished. Among the friends of Reform, no man knew better when to proceed, and how far to proceed, than Mr. Waithman did, and it was proper such characters should be rewarded with the highest honours their fellow-citizens could bestow, for violent measures were at all times to be condemned—(app/auses., Mr. HUNT was astonished that it could be said, before so large a body of his fellow citizens, that a person had but one solitary objection against him, when every man was liable to so many. The objec don as to his being a retail dealer was, in his opinion, none, if the person had obtained the property he was possessed of honestly—(hear.)—lt was also matter of astonishment to him that Mr. Waithman, who had ever been described in the public press as a most vio lent Reformer, should, on the present occasion, be put forth as a Candidate for moderate Reform.— Loud calls of Order, order.)-111s (Mr. Hunt's) cha racter was well known--(Loud laughter on all sides of the room.) —Did not Mr. Waithman, on the occa sion of voting an Address to the Princess of Wales, give a decided negative to the measure, and after wards go in a carnage to present the Address, and gain his share of popular applause, as though be had voted for it ? fie (Mr. Waithman) had been descri bed as exerting himself on all occasions to stem the effect of public feeling ; but, on the occasion alluded to, there was much noise, and horses taken from and ropes put to the can iages, by which they were dragged along ; was this stopping the dangerous effect of po pular feeling ? lie then alluded to the conduct of Mr. Waithman at the last election for Lord Mayor, to shew that he, Mr. Waithman, was an apostate from the cause he pretended to espouse. He had heard talk of tests, and he would put him (Mr. Waith man) to the test. lle would ask him how far he meant to go in the cause of Reform ? Whether he was not about to accept a situation under the Wihg Party ? Whether he would or would not support the proper Constitution, whether it was a violent or a milk and water one ? There was one objection which he con sidered of importance, and that was—Mr.Vs - aithman was a dealer in articles that were liable to an Excise Duty—(Hisses, and cries of hear, I,ear.)—lf a man was Exchequered for 30,0001. how, he would ask, could he escape but by succumbing to the Ministers (Mr. Hunt retired amidst the hisses of the throng.) Mr. WILL Lams (the Common Councilman) said he was happy this day to come forward in support of Mr. Waithman, from whom he had repeatedly dif fered, but the purity of whose motives, the integrity, perseverance, and firmness, with which he was ac 'mated, he had always admired. The clergy of the couassy, the merchants, the shipping interest, and landholders, were all duly represented ; and it was g"oltreltenoun:penetielrtle; but fair that the trading interest of the City should have the same advantage. There was one retail dealer in the House already but he (alluding to Mr. Butterworth) always voted with Ministers. Mr. Waithman had advanced in the cause firmly—had in the most gallant manner weathered the storm—and it was the duty of his fellow-citizens to reward him. He challenged his very enemies, if he had any, to point out one solitary instance of his deviating from his principles. He (Mr. Williams) remembered de ttecoldtnii•La—tii,eAf g h o . in s g ir, ov l e w r o h u is ld fe h n a c l e e s, had it not- been u e st o case — furless f )w o for Thet t c h h a t oc vo c et nurEri their ye Englishmen irswh rights amt wouldce n h - require .o e g ar euni of your's r ( w a fai thfu l !ls t he gratitude t iatw ere m utLibertyhfdoen forward w fuoa a lrri s ad tn l h i ail o men p e l, )d l ua e sts s ttl ho pe less—roai loud ( di / d : o r ncit t i • eit ) e i rr n:mv s e S rt e . 0 wßesolutionsthem selves--theAeexpressTc a n u m se hAtsN ° nor in which his friends had conic forward to advo. MR. WAITIIMAX. Long the q cess Distri, after ate his cause, and fah it (Inca]: to 4,-1, . O a r /rep •;en,:c he had of thei: a it......La r caar a,7a . a lan Oar/ epeat to a test of las princi , i ilee ae left a-, others en; adge from his conduct lac tra lay; over .: r.. peortio - th ith i e n y g p h ma l e e l a d s d u e h rr b r :he i . i i s r 7: i. .e r f , A . :l 7 7 d ( r .- 1 . 1: .. ..... lid he believed he might tar ilt: mar. a. ~ .1. . . "I' • beena aluniniated than he had bet::;. tiaaula • • ' tanners, I e successful in returning him, tie- •• • mcnt-mai counts on ifEleiecrev rights,ert •. tad gradt y ithe m oimoment and exertion en t N be S Was imps; Vith respect to the objection of lia la .I. a ;* a half inc. lealer, that only required to he rne..-tic-rs:. ... '.: 1" cc nsumpti obe laughed at. lair himself, he cotia a •- • • ter of ma out of the he Livery found a person moresconverea:: : ::.': ...-• r.arnbee o winciples of the Constitution, and better aa aa' ale stated, to their representative, he would mast ( - - ; e4 pied woe aye up any claims; but he was persuaded ! : -•;.. I declined s tot find worse, take who they chose, t h a .„ ..* . at creased vf he present representatives, whoo: ins..la a .. 'rum the hustings he had often i.eard • ,, a... - 1 ways do • , ,e decre Kis great object was to shew the world t' ... I , a - ' front lermannic gown was no append:las to the a. ,: ; or ales, whi i Member of Parliament ; but that eaea a (a.a..1: ; e quanti Wernher of the City Council was as Iw°- fr.. - ' the raw m •ompete for this honour as the Alderni a 7., - OZ it taus t should be his highest glory and pride a 111.7 • . itself had liar, should he succeed, he had been tl :e ay ... any consia .o break the line, and to shew society la is earatively tad men at least equal in talent to thust ..s t . ~ , pezition wt :he Aldermen's Bench. Nothing this 2,i :a _ a , • abject but firm and determined asearaa t roduced.ca a tising fro while he gratefully acknowledge.:taa ae1,..... •; ; A of the :his day had done him, he implored •.! .. .r.'m n ot . ... 1 le was av lax, but, on the contrary, daabie tate 'eta, • vaeced (Long and loud applauses). With res - r cc:•... - s. 'l% ia fact .. the question was of little moment, f.: it ea • ay of Lea cess of the cause lie had at heart. re seßin A Resolution VMS then metes: tc ea raar:.; he trade z District Committees in furtherance of the caisc, a: •ia not ex, after thanks, &c. the meeting aaaaaraea. to tax obi 2..... PARLIAMENTARY PROCELEI:;: . : , .eerned a -- .-rion c HOUSE OF LORDS, )! klir..•;! lt. Les!, SW Mr. HIGHLM presented Accounts fens :he C.-ae- ..•, • tard, if for the Reduction of the National Debt, which wet., ..i. e ., • • nufactu he upon the table. 1.000 pet Tee Scots Aqua Vita Licenses DM, some It:-' -d' ... ' loyment I Bills, were brought up from the House cf ur , :.:- -.• •!.. Baoeaan, Colonel DALILYIKPLZ, 111. Pirr, ar..l e t .L., ;,-.,, uence of and read a first time. :stained i Lord HOLLAND presented a Petiticr, :...1 3 .. ;•. T- :., ..e Miiiioi Yorkshire, complaining of the pretr-re of the P...s:': L.-- 'old aces Ordered to lie upon the table. The Royal Marine Mutiny Bill, and the E.r.i TAr. , • orary adv natty Suspension Bill, were read a second time, ..:..! ce— • rmanent fur to-morrow. 'deed, sea Lee's Divorce Bill was read a third time and pass??.. •ingerecl ti The Mutiny Bill, the Mutiny Act Mistake Ruh ts-e 7..! . 2.7 Duties Bill, the West India Indemnity Bill, ard t'it li.:::._:_:. nt trade 1 Hospital Bill, paced through Committees, aid y.erer:- -.: ,ar nation: On the motion of the Earl of LA b' MAID A I. 1:, '.',.. . i • ii:y of ca were ordered of the Weekly Sums laid out in the p.- : cold nevi Stock by the Commissioners for the Reduction of the Seas -.mill es Debt. The Earl of LAUDERDALE present( d the kr.ii...": , :- ', etionabile Petition, complaining of the High Price of Tune:, a ,:...... 's Honour mated his intention of moving, after the recess, that :t '.., 7.. t of the ferred to a Committee —The Petition was ordtriC i.:.- -••-. iy snbstin the table.--Adjourned till tomorrow (this day). HOUSE OF COMMONS. .. Miaister Petitions against the Leather Tax were presented f 7.7.: t t best su Tanners and Leather Dealers of the following plees•—lit. . uction e sham, Barton on Humber, Hereford, Bromyird, N•rt , ...., . Its as it Walsall, Kingston on Ifull, the County of Earn , AS - ....J•.7!', Skipton, and Seaford, Southampton, Presets, Ihltelv, D..1:-:-.1 'ncluded s City, B oston, Grantham, Stourbridge, and ot'....:es • . the repe Mr. D. CALVERT, in presenting a similar Pets n f.-1 The CIL this Tanners in the Borough of Southwark, said, :Las!. ..I t if the r have dwelt at large on it, but for the motion which ts... se • trament c made on the subject. He could state generally, that:a.... tional Tax had reduced the trade to a state of the uf.2„.. • , posed to tree, and he hoped the Chancellor of the Exc_ticer ....1 ption. consent to repeal it before he was compelled to da s.. , ion, bet Mr. C. BARCLAY presented a similar Petitioa f:.r. It favour of Morocco Leather Dressers of the Borough. The Report of the Bath Gas Light Bill wai. ars., ! :•. -.! the truth a short conversation between Messrs. Fu.ase, Ca L. , ;:., :• . 'Me Lord Pantry., and Bessoe. , Tutee dc Captain WAI.DEGnAvE, hi the absence cf "S 7:- -; : . a the i presented a Petition from Newcastle upat. Ty:... :4: 1',71 - -:-.. rat (ontai tart' Reform Mr. Alderman WOOD presented a Petition from !-:. •er circul signed by a large number of Inhabitants, prayir.g rt F. 5... . those mentary Reform and the Impeachment of the h!:.!:i.:,:t -) com' Mr. M.tDOCKS presented a Petition from Bette-,7 , 7' , the e Ta ing the Poor Laws. Sir ROBERT HERON said he had Petitions te v . : in and from Swinehead and Kirton, which bore the names c:' .• trade ' that in population exceeded a gre-t number ..f tow: I. • • allegari titions were against the Indemnity Bill. It !ad b.. • --, some time ago that emissaries of sedition had heel, vc- . ' s 1 :e3 .1 ' Lincoln. It had lately happened to him to riot mi..: :• • ! ' ve, a 5 that county and to have communication wall ~:-.-. -: ' The i part—but it was utterly impossible to discover any ::•: -. , • f that effects of such emissaries. The county of Lincoln was :7 ~ • ced, I loyal, and the assertion respecting the emissaries ore: -,, far from Wog credited, had been received with ails; .a. , - 'as gr, ment and indignation. vation, Mr. IIADOCKS said he was requested be:. . . r : "- er Tr to support the prayer of that Petition ; and Le ........ :•• 0 ' ch of , against the Indemnity Bill as a rneas..re 'such : 14.2 . "::"- ' 4 and uncalled fur. mons LEATHER TAX, .1 whicl Lord ALTIIORP rose to bring for-sar.: :- ‘ la: dof Of mised motion upon this subject. The ci.;- .•:. -• ed lea said, for the House to consider on this ,:ca• :•. " • njureci whether the Leather Trade had bat:. at e -...:..!. epeal o through the operation of the additicaa: tat .....a.:: the rei upon it in 181t2, and whether the produce c f tile :: * oble L venue resulting from that tax was such a, 5...;1 produc render it expedient to cotitinue the Tax, cc a.: -a- Gentle judice of an important branch of ear saa .e .......; 11. in facture. That the trade had been dcp:aaa ••a• • . owing I thought, naturally to be inferred from a. vaa'': 61,00( circumstances. All the Petitions on tilt f..... , -a ' it was that depression, and ascribed it to tee Tai. aaa hal not repeal of which, therefore, the Pet"taacrs r:.. r.e le a might be said, he was aware, that l'a::..::s ...• .0 (lout . any Tax furnished no evidence of the ii....a . ...a . •• .I". . traord • ''' '' policy of that Tax, as persons affected av a i 4 war ;. . . naturally ready to complain of its pressur e. r-- trse a g s , when did it occur that so many Pctitaea •••••aa a : i c t he I seated against any Tax as were at presaa a'. . ies wh I table, and which amounted to nearly cat 7 . :•:•* 7 place • If all other manufactories were deereseal a- ''.l.- .ss imp t that of leather, it might be maintained aa: . ..- - :a .. . ••ed, o o- i at had I ther manufacturers had no more right to L . I ' •a . sine' , • than others ; but the tact was, that eve; v t':..'''...•-• r was in an improving state, while that of .e ....•• - , tiOn o t declined, and was still declining. lite Jos.'" . .. '. ' the fi - the trade was indeed evident, tram ti.: n. . al-a! next e bankruptcies which had taken place of ,•••• 7,',''. edaut t For five years previous to the imposition tat :•• . -. 1 . c atste - complained of, the bankruptcies in ties . '--.s „ () tr a ce r amounted to 45, whereas for the five air: a:: ....., o _ i imposition they amounted to 75. .Then as to La 1a .:4 : . o f ti -to tanners they had fallen off neatly '2O ) since , • , t! . n s sl itni - year before the Tax was imposed. the licenc,s, at.d 181 2 being 1766. while in the year caaila at Jai. ! 4 . - - maisaleas-: