Star. — London, England, 1828-08-15 00:00:00

,_______ 4. - eft A, , 1 4: * i. S ..-. 2 cAi ,11:.ii9fiy. k ' .4, : r t - 41 '- .• e r . .k<A \''' t ... -. . Oftr " 4 lP (14135` . A 614,14... oc.4‘;--,:trid•-4 .....r.t...ii.,..., f„ , ..ii • .4,44 % ...,its . , ~4 7 I ( LI f 11 ,- .4 I 4 bill 111 a r • • / 1-100‘,401;(* : ..3:43Pri -1/14.40-"94. ,'...... ) z ' f ref . :' . .. ...Y 11 FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 15, 1828. 'NUMBER 12.938.] [Poem SzvEranct. sensed in the East otherwise than by Ambassadors and Consuls, at the moment Russia was marching with 300,000 men against Constantinople, and when Austria was covering its eastern frontier with camps of exercise and corps of observation. After Ibrahim is gone, there still remains enough to do in the Levant for our ships to sail from Toulon. Fir be from us the idea of speculating on the gratitude of 'Greece ;but far from us also be the project of renoun cing it On the first opportunity that presents itself d paying for it less dearly. UNITED STATES NAVY. VICTUALLING OFFICE, August 7, 1898. T HE Co)4I,VIISSIOAERS for VICTUALLING, his MAJESTY'S tc. do hereby give Notice, _ That on Tnuasuay, the 21st Ingam, they will be ready tO re ceive Tenders in writing (sealed up), and treat for One liandred Thousand Gallons of West India Rum, . One Hundred Tons of Muscovado SUGAR, Thirty Tons of COCOA, and Forty Tins of New OATMEAL, • ,To be delivered into his Majesty's Victualling Stores at Deptford, c••e half of each of the Articles by the 15th of September neat, <:rl the remainder by the 30th of that Month. Samples of the Cocoa and Oatmeal must he produced by the rty tendering ; but that for Sugar will be exhibited at this Office. The Conditions of the Contracts may be seen at this Office. Each Tender must specify the price in words at *ngth, and be delivered before One &Clock on the day appointed; and the Person who makes the Tender, or some Person on his behalf, niust attend to answer when called for. M. W4LLER CLIFTON. • SORES,-BURNS, SCALDS, WOUNDS, ULCERS, dte. MARSHALL'S UNIVERSAL CERATE.- This Ceram will be found most efficacious in every kind of Wound. Sore, Scald, Burn, Bruise. Eruption, Ulcers of every de. „nomination, especially Sore and Ulcerated - Legs, which have been healed in .o rapid a manner, that a new ossibod of Coro has been established by thi. u.eful Preparation ; Sort Breasts, Islatorostiein of the E. Scorhstk and Cancerous 'humors, Erysipelas or St. . Anthony's Fire, Ring Worm, Sore Throats, Chops, Chilblains, &c. . Sold in boxes at ls. l id. and 25.9.1. by Messrs. Butler, Chemists, Chearide, corner of' St. Paul's, London; Sackville.sueer Dublin; Princeikstreet, Edinburgh ; Savory and Co. 136, New Bond.streer • and the principal :Sly:keine Venders. Of whom may he had • BUTLER'S CAJEPUT OPODEL . DOC, strongly recommended for Chronic Rheumatism, Spas. medic Affections, Palsy, Stiffness and Enlargement of the Joints, sprains, lb ui•es, &c. In bottles at ls. and2s. Pd. FRENCH PAPERS. 7110111 THR JOURNAL DRS DILBAT/a, AUG. 12. PARIS, Atm 11. The more we reflect tin the position of England. as regard, Europe, or as regards itself, the more we are -convinced that its preset state of inaction cannot be loog, and th it s vents will very soon, •whether it wit' or not, bi mg it back upon the sta-e from which its Minis ters have la'te'ly so completely erased it. Setf-denial is a piiiite viitite, which is not of a very desirable na • tore even iu individuals; but the political disifitelested• ness of d !onion, which has ships and men, when great question.. are on tne point of being d cided by sea and lano, would be a very u 'certain element of the, corn- • binations that ate preparing ; and the Cabinets of Eus rope will do well not to found theic•calculations oittbis moonily. . Whatever humility England may have shown in her conduct towaids Portugal, it cannot be denied that the ,e e e r ,t, of ..be Peninsula have muck her to the heart. There is not a m re pitiable sight than that of DonMignel saluting with his usurpation the last English soldiers ander sail from Lisbon fir Plymouth. The Cabinet of the R,egent shut against Sir Frederik Lamb during ki, s nrl s hal residence as Amnassador from his Britannic gajesty. r acc)ansations of joy in theGovensatentGazelte. .on.the departure of that freemason—the clemagetneat of so melatlehay a drama consummated amidst cries of es NO' to the Constitution, to the legitimate King, and to the English r S tr John D cast into a dun geon, reclaimed by a diplomatic intervention, refused, and brought before the Municipal 'Tribune of nine In , qui:itors--English subjects arrested at Oporto, their property confiscated, to pay the expenses of the Usur. per's campaign, 'and perhaps those of his coronation— lastly, the embargo laid on vessels which the British flag no longer protects in the Tagus and the Douro, it they have on board a single victim of Dan Miguel, a few piastres, if taken by a faithful 'subject of Don • Pedro, going into exile. This is, in a few words, v g lnic England has just experienced in Porto. gal.- And let us remark, that this is only what may.be called the outer side of the question. We must see in it, besides, an alliance of vital importance, in the opinion of all the statesmen who have succeeded each ether in power in England, hazarded, and perhaps irre tieiably lost, by these last dissentions. Now all this. If only the work of the triumph of a party, and the van qui,hed of to-day becoming victors of to•mortow, re sore with usury to England the advantages which she ,basso strangely abandoned. So long as her interven lion was only useful, by an apparent and cautious con- ' cession tit the principles of the law of nations, she timidly gave way to the first pretext that presented itself to free herself from it. Has she waited, to resume it when it shall become necessary ? Has she wished that gratitude should increase with the importance of t'e service? Is it necessary, in order completely to sail-if Europe, or to deprive it Of all graund for complaint, that the signal should come from Rio? Is it without any reserved • design, with .ut object, that the English Ministers, for tljs mo ith past, have been talking of the august Chief of the House of Braganza, and or their religious observance lit the treaties %bleb bini Great Britain t that 'family ? Is not the actual dethronement of Dni Pedro of itself a cassis farderis? And if that Prince should. one day ask of the Duke of Wellington or o.' his successor only the free entrance of the Tagus for hi. . daughter, Donna Maria, the legitimate Queen of • Por• to ga ', will E tgland, which has engaged by treaties to maintain the integrity of the territory, still refine her ships? She has sent them against disarmed refugees, on the frintiers of G illicia—let them go against the ; scaffold, I Don Miguel, and Europe will wish them a prosperou s voyage. Ibrahim Pada, at length, offers to evacuate the Motet. The ravages of the Egyptians have not even le t the country in it condition to niainiain them. The twits of Greece, .trictly blockaded by. the Allied squad lons, no longer receive the convoys sent by his father. He asks only for ships and departs for Egypt. , . Will the eipedition which is preparing in the ports sf the Mediterranean be prosecuted with less activity in mnsequence of this news? And will the French flag, vhich ve have been promised should be displayed , on the cradle of regenerated Greece, merely. protect the peaceable return of Ibrahim and his bands to Alexandria? 'We do not believe it ; troops have not been assembled at a great expense on the coast, nor many transports. have not been freighted; our old'ships have not been rut into d ck , and new ones do nnt come out, for the were purpose of hastening a departure, which was al. ways thought at least probable without our interven • ton. A more elevated thought directed the concep. hop, which has been hailed by - France, and is worthy of her new destinies. bhe has resolved 10 be fere' DUTCH AND GERMAN PAPERS. PROM THE ST. PZTERSSURGR, &C. PAPERS. HAGUE, Aua. 13. Our Journals coniaina very long programme of the ceremonies which are to take place on the baptism of the infant Princess of the Netherlands on the 18th of August. The young Princess and her August Mother are in good health: It having been. reported that the epidemic disorder had again manifested .itself in Groningen, we think it our duty to inform the public that this is not the case, and that in the first six months of this year, and the first two weeks in July, the number of births in that city WAN 599, apd that of deaths 188, and the proportion has remained equally faeoutable up to t"e nth August. Accounts from Vienna of the'l a of August say, that the recruiting for the *troy has recommenced; the pro vinces, exclusive of ,Huogacy, are to furnish 40,000 men. The purchase Of - 8,009 horses is also ordered, but no doubt is entertained at Vienna of the mainte nance,Of peace. Aurraaaam. Atmore 12.—kichanies en London-12 OS to la 021; Two Months, sk to It R7'. ' (The Dutch Papers - given's° the news from the Rus sian army, and the account 'f the taking-of Kars.) ST.' PETERS/311110H, Jos SO: RIMS •YROM THE ARMY OP THE C4I.ICASOSTROM GRIMY; OW 11(1 TURKISH TRONTIZRS, •JUNI 26. The villagesf Gumry was appointed as- the rendez vous fir•begtnning 'the militate operations against Asia tic Turkey. This village is , sin•Torkey Schuragel, on the river Arpatchai. Here the troops were assembled, all the magazines coßected, and heavyanillery put in order: The place, which-wits entirely destroyed during the Persian campaign, has been surroundi-d with a wall and bastions, and secured against- any hostile attack; 'under -the direction-of General' 'Prince Wadbolskii and an hospital established, with a quarantine. On the' 26:h Divine Service wens- performed on an •eminence -near the river Arpatchai, in view of thearso.w-covered .ummits of the Alloh Ges (Goo's eye), .and of the holy mountain•of Ararat. —The:troops which had so lately endured the fatigues of the Persian campaign, were in 'tie finest order. Two months repose has, as it were, .regenerated•thein. Thetruops immediately afterwards crossed the Arpatchai, which was the first step to hos tile operations. . • • - KARS. Jury 2. • The army under General Paskevritsch having passed the frontiereotithe26thJune, advanced directly towards Kars, •the capital of the Pachalik of the same name, through the vilisges of Digni-, Palderavan, and Mesch koW. This whole track, which- is inhabited by Ar menians, no* presented a portion of entire desolation. As the' TurkishGtivernment has removed all the inha bitants to the most remote parts. The enemy was first seen near Meschkow, on the 29th, His cavalry in great numbers had come From the fortress to the distance of sixteen wersts, and attacked our advanced posts, but was repulsed as reinforcements came up. The bold ness of this cavalry in venturing so far from the fort ress, as well as the accounts that we received frotn our setts, showed that the garrison of Kars was numerous, and ' consisted of very good troops. The cavalry amounts to about five thousand, and the infantry, which appears to include all the. inhabitants capable of bearing arms, probably amounts also to five th•nsand , men. The General resolved • by a side movement to turn thefortresa, and by taking a position on the great road from Erzereum, to cot off the communication be tween Erzereum and Kars, and thus deprive Chef iambs of the reinforcements which the Seraskier was bring ing to Kars, at the head of 'twenty thousand men.—, This operation was executed in perfect order, in sight of the fortress, without any interruption from the enemy. On the Ist of July, the General, with the greatest part of the troops, marched towards Kars, intending to make a reconnoisahte. The•troops had scatcelyshown ih.:mselves in order of battle on. the farthest eminences, which• slope towards the fortresses, when a numerous biidy of cavalry sallied out, and attacked with impe tuosity the foremost regimenti of Cossacks. The Ge neral, 'seeing the possibility 'of coming to a general action, desired to•draw the enemy, as well as possible, from the fortcesc, and ordered the Cossacks gradually to retreat from the front towards the let-flank. The enemy, in assurance of victory, followed the Cossacks, and the General immediately ordereJ Major Gen.Earon Osten Sacken, with a divisialot Cossacts, Hdlans, and Tartan, and two cannon, to cut off the enemy from the fortress. This manmuvre, *muted under the fire of the fortress, astonished the enemy, who suffered great loss. The field was covered with the dead ; and. 20 of the bravest partisans, among whom were sdme officers, were made pris mers. The lattm said that the enemy had 100 killed and 200 wounded. We had 12. killed And 42 wounded. The remainder of the articles describes the strength of the fortress, and an article from Tiflis. of July 10, ,gives the account of the taking of the fortress, in all , respects conformable to that received through Paris. ' The Emperor has been pleased to address a most gracious rescript to Sir J. Wylie, expressive of his sa ltrifaCtion at the admirable arrangement cf the medical department of the army. 1. Arrived at Cronstadt to the 27th July, 682 ships; 512.—St Peteraurgh Journals to July 30. 1 SEM LIN, JULY 26. In Servia all parties are making active preparations; the Turks and the Servians look for the issue of the war with very different wishes and hopes. The hitherto in- Coasidet able progress of the Russian armies in this pro vince cannot fail to increase the uncertainty and anxiety' that agitate all classes of people. The Turkish garrisons on the Danube are continually reinforced by small di tachrnents. Widdin is said to have now again a garrison of 13,009 men, and a camp of 24,000 men is forming near the' town, to hinder the Russians from noising the river.-.- We have an• unfavourable summer, with violent tens-' pests and hail storms, which him done suctrdasuage. Alger eineZcitung, Asyut 8. . About a fortnight ago we gave at some length the speech of the French Minister of Marine in the Cham ber of Deputies, on the state of the French navy and the navel policy of France. In the course of his ob servations, his Excellency referred to the naval admi nistration of the United Sates, with which, from his long residence in America, and the course of his studies when in that country, he professed to be particularly acquainted. What was so much praised by the Ften h Minister does not seem to give so much satisfaction at home. It would appear that the Americans feel the greatest difficulty in procuring sailors to man their ships, either from the insufficiency of their pay or the want of other inducements to enter their service. The following curious document, dated so far back as a year ago, though only. recently published. gives a curious account of these difficulties, and the proposed reme• dies. We insert it from the importance of its details, though it is rather kngthli: Rumor from the Swam RT of the Nave, in compliance with a Resolution of the Senate of the 20th of May, 1828, in IMAIIOIII to the nstricuvruts in obtaining Saimaa for the Nam, the cau d each di/Scuttles, and the matures necessary to remove them. Navy Department, May 23, 1827. Stft—The Secretary of the Navy, in answer to the Resolution of the Senate, directing him to report g. whe ther any, and what difficulties have occurred in obtain ing seamen for the Navy, the cause of such difficulties. and what measures may be necessary to remove them," has the honour respectfully to present the following Report : Previous to the time when the Resolution passed, peat delay hail occurred in enlisting seamen for our public vessels. Some of them had been detained in port several months by this cause, and others were per inittei to go to sea with a smaller number of men than was desirable, or than would, perhaps, have been en tirely safe in a state of war. An allusion to this incon venience, in a report from the department, probably induced the inquiries made by the Senate. When the resolution was received, some changes had already taken place, and at the time mentioned for mak.ng the report, it was nut possible to designate with accuracy, or in such way as would communicate useful mw ion, the difficulties to which it referred. Since that time clyinges, both favourable and adverse, have been constantly occurring; and even at this moment it . is not practicable to do more than to notice the circum stances which, at different vet iods, have created greater or less delay and trouble in manning our vessels, and to suggest the remedies which seem best fitted to relieve from 'future embarrassment. These circumstances will be found to differ materially, both as to permanence and influence; but the remedies which will be suggested are believed to be such as will grow in importance as the navy advance: in strength. First—lnquiry, " What difficulties have occurred in obtaining seamen fur the navy?" Regular recru Ling rendezvous are established at five naval stations—Boston, New York, Philadellthia, Bal timore, and Norfo:k. These are opened by Officers as signed by the department to that duty whenever seamen are wanted, and closed as sain as a supply for the im mediat-! calls of the service is obtained. In a state of war, it has been found expedient and necessary some• times to open them at other places ; in peace, none but ese are used. The Officers who superintended the rendezvous are provided with appropriate instructions, and also with forms for the contract which the seamen are to sign, and tor the returns which they have to make each week, and sometimes each day to the department. The periods for which enlistments are made cannot exceed three years.—Law of the 15th of May, 1820, vol. vi. page 540; and very few are now made for a shorter time. pay was fixed by the President of the United States, by authority or the law of the 18th of April, 1824, vol..iv. page 704, and since its passage, has been invariably at twelve dollars per month for able seamen, and less in proportion for ordinary seamen, landsmen, and boys. It has not been raised even when they were searce-and difficult to be procured, because it would not be easy to reduce it when the necessity had passed by, without creating,dissitisfaction. Toe President is also authorised to order a bounty to, be given on enlistment, and it has sometimes been pro posed to give it, in order to fill the vessels more ra pidly ; but was declined, from a reluctance to commence a system of the kind in time of peace, which could not. well be discontinued, and which ought to be reserved forthe pressure of war. The pay before mentioned has generally been inferior to that given in the merchants service, which has been troth twelve to eighteen dollars per month, within the last three or four years. There are no materials in the department from which an accurate estimate can be formed of the average numbers enlisted in each month previous to the year 1824. Since that time, returns and records have been made. which furnish this information s—ln 1824, the average per month was about 200; in the following years about 100.. In these latter years, it required six months to obtain the crew for a ship of the line, four months for a frigate, and one and a half for a sloop of war. The difficulty related principally to good sea men; ordinary seamen and boys are almost always abundant. It became necessary, therefore, when vessels were to be put in commission, that the rendezvous should be open long before they were to sail, and a con ' siderable portion of the term of enlistment had passed .with many of the men before the cruise commenced; I thence it was impracticable to keep our vessels out for Ithree years. without creating,the necessity of re-entering the men, or discharging them in foreign countries, which has sometimes been done. These facts will explain the extent and operation of lc the difficulties which have occurred in procuring sea men for the navy," and which will probably augment, if some provision be not made, and some system adopted, which will *cure to the nation a full and constant sup ply of native American seamen, sufficient both for the mercantile and inilitary marine. The following may be enumerated among the cams trom'which the difficulties have arisen: 1. The higher wages in the merchant service, with the allowance of small stores, base created a tempts 't ou not rattly to be resisted by sailors, nor overcome by the recittiting officers. The average difference in the . *ages is believed to have been one-fourth. The al lowance referred to relieves them from some of the, iocooreoitoces to whichithtir Sinn%lOU end tabours ea• pose them, especially for a short perrod after their en listment and entrance on board the vessels. 2. The failure to recall the vessels so as to effect their discharge in our own ports, at the expiration of their enlistment. It is exceedingly unpleasant for them to be detained longer than their contract stipulates, and their discharge in foreign countries exposes them to hardships and losses, which sometimes render them un willing again to enter into a service which they would otherwise prefer. 3. It is the practice to enlist, not for particular chips, but for the general service ; and it is not to be.doubted that this has caused delay, at time► when sii.kriess or other evils existed. or were supposed to exist, upon some of the stations, the sailors were unwilling to go to them. They-always prefer to enter for particular ships whose destination they know ; and especially for such ships as are esteemed for' unate. Their partialities and superstitious feelings ale very strong . ; .but this objection could not well be obviated by the depart• ment. The number of our vessels in commission is small; it is.necessary very often to change ttiem from one station or cruising ground to an^ther. Opr period of enlistment is definite, and often teiminates hefore the vessel can be brought home. These, and other causes. sometimes occasion a transfer of the crew from NW vessel to another. If they were enlisted for particular vessels, we'should be compelled to sustain serious incon• venience,or create dissatisfaction,by not adhes ing rigidly to the terms of contract. It is believed to be much bet ter to enlist more slowly, and to have entire controul as to the place and time of service, and not hazard a vio lation of the taith of the Governmect 4. The want of proper hospital establishments for their comfort and accommolation in sickness and old age. This is almost the only subject on which the fore cast of the seamen is expected. He will trifle with property. disregard health, and leave to-morrow to provide for all the necessities it may bring upon him; yet he anxiously looks forward ton comfortable asylum when disease and age overtake him—and if there be better hospitals and asylums for him in the merchant service, he will make that a ground of prefr ence. The hospitals connected with the navy establishments have heretofore been unworthy of the naval service, and of the country—temporary in their nature, confined in their accommodations, and offering no anticipations of comfort ta the sailor, when misfortune shall compel him to resort to them. And be feels the more keenly on the subject, because be is obliged every month to pay his 20 cents. for this object, and lie knows that the nation has never yielded a dollar of it, [erasure to for. nish him with these necessary means of security and relief, after he shall have faithfully served it and fought its battles. 5. A slight diminution has been produced by steam navigation in the number of those who are employed in our rivers and bays, and on the coast, and who, after a little experience there, usually find their way to the ocean to vessels engaged in foreign commesce e and toleur pub. lic ships. This cause has not yet effected serious results, but will probably aliemtut in importance. The coasting tonnage of the United States, exclusive of steam-boats, rose,in the year 1226 fusel 587,273 tons to 666,420 tons, and causes ate in operation to create a further in. crease. Still its grow:h will probably be less rapid than if steam were not used ac all in our navigation. The employment which it will afford, and :he numbers which it .will attract to the ocean, will be proportionably less. 6. A species of commerce has been carried on for some years past, which has drawn away some uf our sea-faring people, and occasionally produced delay in manning our ships. Not less than '2,000 seamen have gone out in vessels which have been built bete to be sold in the countries to the south of us. Most of these were men who usually found employment in our public vessels, aid the larger part have not'ieturped to the country. Some have entered annther set vice—some have perished—others have been restored through the agency of our consuls and the commanders of our ships 'I war. 7. A number of seamen, principally those of foreign birth, have entered into privateers, and into the service of Mexico and the South American Governments, being ten% ted by bounties, the promise i , l* high par, andihe hope of prize money. The evil is passing by. Expo rience has not in its full force continued the temptation under which they acted. They are beginning to return, and will not probably again leave our service for the same objects and in the same quarter. 8. The increase of our shipping has rendered it dif ficuk for the supply to keep pace with the demand. In 1822, our tonnage amounted to 1,224,462; in 182$, to 1,398.565; in 1824, to 1,389,169; 'in 1825, to 4425,11.1; in 1826, to 1,594,191 ; bring an average increase per year, for four years, of about 52,373 tons, requiring an average annual increase of about 2,700 sailors. If the future augmentation Of our. tonnage should be proportioned to that which ‘occurred in 1825 and 1826, which it probably will be, the annual increase of seamen to meet its demands must be more than 5,000. The operation of this cause is .not diminished, in its effects, by the practice of our merchants. Economy in navigation induces them to take, as. far ,as practicable, able seamen only, and to exclude boys and inexperienced men ; hence, in other countries, the average number of hands is about one for 15 tons, in ours is abont-:one for 19. Our vessels are, therefore, navigated more cheaply ; but we do not afford a proportionate opportunity and sufficient nursery for training and educating the young men to meet our future wants. . 9. The number of foreign seamen in otir .employ._. There have. at all times, been some of these,:but they increased with rapidity, during the continuance cf those struggles which succeeded the commencement of the French Revolution. They sought here the greater security and comfort. and the higher wages which our prosperous' commerce afforded. Upon a change of circumstances, many returned to their re. -spective countries, and their places were not promptly supplied. It has been calculated that, in the years 1806, 1807, and - 1808, at least one.siath of all the seamen navigating American vessels were foreigners by birth. This calculation was probably, then, .and would be. even yet, too low. io our coasting trade and fisheries very few but native seamier, are ern. plored; but in the - different branches of our foreign trade,,not less than. one-fourth are foreigners. • In the nary there are more than that prop• rtiou. The effect of this circumstance it is. not difficult to estimate. Do: lays and embarrassments will often be produced . is making enlistments, which .would not exist if . all, or nearly all, were native Americans : and it may be addfdt that from tile ism worn ban Men nub the larger . , r ' .• 1 '