Star. — London, England, 1818-09-05 00:00:00

'APIERS. PENSACOLA GIVEN UP. r, JULY 27• The President of the United States has,-we under-1 stand, decided, that Pensacola and the other Spanish posts, which have been taken by General Jackson, in the Floridas, shall be restored to the Spanish Aix. thority ; .but with a requisition, that the King of Spain shall hereafter kelp such a force in those Co lonies, as shall enable him to execute with fidelity the sth Article of the Treaty between the United States and Spain. That article, so far as it affects this subject, is in the following words " The two High Contracting Parties shall, by *WM. means lq their power, caintibt peace and liar:nosy mnang.the several Indian Nations *bp Inhabit the country adjacenkto the lines and riven, which, by. the preceding articles, form the boundaries . of the Two Florida.; and the better to obtain this effect, both pinks oblige themselves, 'expressly, to restrain, by force, all hostilities on the part Of he Indian nations living within their boundary ; so that Spain will not suffer her Indians to attack the. Citizens of the United States, nor the Indians inhabiting -their territory; nor will the United States Tomtit these last oloodoold Wiwis to cotnincumitoolikies against the Subjects of hi. Catholic Majesty, or his Indians, iii any planner whatever." On the strict execution of this Article, on the part of Spain, it is understood that the President rigo rously insists ; .and that it Wai 'the failure to fulfil it which produced the necessity if crossing the Spanish boundary, during the present weir with the Seminole These tribes occupy the binds -on eatiOnie of the line between the United States and Pod& ; much the greater part of them living within the limit'of the King ,of Spain. They are neither citizens of the United States, nor subjects of the king . of Spain.— They owe no allegiance to the laws of either Power. They cannot, therefore, be tried for treason' on ac count of their levying war against either nation, within whose limits they dwell. They are the owners of the soil which they occupy ; hold at least a quali-, fied sovereignty over it ; and exercise, on all occa sions, the right of making war and peace. To this purpose they are sovereign within the country which they possess ; to this purpose the country is their country ; and that country may and must, of neces sity, become the'legitimate seat of war, if the war caanot be otherwise terminated. This consideration becomes the stronger when it is remembered, that it was owing to the acknowledged incompetency of Spain to fulfil the stipulation of her treaty with us, by restraining the hostilities of the Seminoles by force, that the United States were com pelled to take up arms in their own defence. Yet cosh was the delicacy of our Government towards Spain, that the first order issued to the General coin.' mottling in that quarter expressly forbad him to cross the Spanish line. This inhibition was repeated by a second order. But, as it was apparent that diving the Indians beyond the limits of the United I States was doing nothing effectual to extinguish the war, since, in falling back within the limits of Flo-, nix, they were still at home, with all the means of, incursion and annoyance which they possessed at the , commencement of hostilities ; a third order was issu ed, which authorised the American General, if the Indians should present therr.selves in a body beyond the line, to cross it, and attack them. Shortly after issuing this order, a massacre was committed by the Indians, which demonstrated that no alternative was left for die United States, but to leave our -frontier exposed to the mercy of the savages, or to carry the war into Florida ' and thus to do for Spain what she ooafessed herself unable to do for ketself, by termi nating by force the hostilities of these savages. A fourth order was therefore issued to this effect to the American General ; but by the same order he was expressly commanded. if tke Indians should sake rouge under a Spanish fort, not to attack them in' that situation, but to report the case to the Depart ment of War. Such has been the delicacy observed i by the• United States towards Spain ; and no subse quent order, it is understood, has been issued, to en large the authority of the American General. In attacking the posts of St. Mark and Pensacola, with the fort of Barrsncas, General Jackson, it is understood, acted on facts, which were for the first time brought to his knowled, ,, e on the immediate theatre of war—facts which, in his estimation, impli cated the Spanish Authorities in that quarter, as the instigators and auxiliaries of the war ; and he took these measures on his own responsibility merely.— That his operations proceeded from motives of the purest patriotism, and from his conviction, that in seizing and holding those posts, he was justified by the necessity of the case, and was advancing the best interest df his country, the character of General .aeksen fa-bids a doubt. Of the important facts alloged by him, satisfactory proof, it is understood, has been already furnished to the President, and proof of the other facts is courldently expected. It is difficult to admit the belief, that acts so totally re gardless of the amicable relations between Spain and the United States, so directly repugnant to the stipu lations of the T:eaty above quoted, and, in them solves, so hostile and even cruel, will be avowed and adopted by the Ling of Spain. We trust that they were the mere unauthorized acts of his agents. But should they, contrary to all rational expectation, be so avowed and adopted by that Sovereign, there can belittle doubt that the means of annoying us from that quarter will ere long be taken from him, by the decistim of the competent Authority, to be restored no more. In the mean time, as Congress only have the power ender our Constitution, of declaring war, and had made no declaration agair.st Spain, it is understood that the President does not feel himself authorised to retain the Spanish posts, inasmuch as such retentior. would be an act of war. It is on this ground, we un derstand, that the resolution has been taken to re store the posts, and to demand from the King of Spain the punishment of those officers whose impro per conduct led to their seizure. The Presider.t, no doubt, sees, in common with his country n, the great advantages the United States would derive from the entire possession of the Flo ridas ; but, confessedly great as these advantages would be, he is not willing to gain them but by the sanction of an act of Congress. To have .retained these posts, under present circumstances, would cer thinly have had the eclat of being a street measure; but we hope never to see a President of the United States disposed to be stronger than the Constitution of his country—for that is the palladium of interests far more sacred, and of -infinitely higher import to .. 1 li I il i , 'ill'i i t i o i 1 , ~; ) 1 . , , 1 I i ' ,11 1 . , .... the general cause of human liberty, than any acqui sition of territory, however vast or advantageous. Notwithstanding this unexpected collision in the Floridas, we trust that the relations of amity between the two nations will be prialerved dor can we aban don the hope, • that their s ' differences may yet be settled on fair and liououralsk conditions. We may even indulge the hope, that the incidents which have grown out of the Sesnioole war, however adverse their tendency may have appeared to be, may con tribute essentially to produce that happy result. Spain must see, and has practically confessed her incompetency to maintain.her authority in the Flo ridas, against, the Seminoles and foreign adventu rers ; and we hope we shall see that it shall be much wiser for her to cede those provinces at once, than to attempt to hold them on the impossible condition of fulfilling her treaty with us; or on the condition, I now broug ht home to her by experience, of subject ing herself to perpetual collisions and eventful losses, which she may now avoid with ease and honour to herself. • DUTCH MAIL. AUGSBUS.GH, AUGUST 25. An article, dated Brandenburg, August 10, says a Things are in the same state among us as in the rest of Germany. There lire' no active parties who attempt to make any political system prevail ; but there are people who spend many words in defence of this or that opinion, both in companies and in pam phlets. Those who attach any importance to conver sations and ephemeral writings, and who consider ate capital as the representative of the kingdom, might believe that the Prussians were on the point of divi ding themselves.into two hostile people—one of which wish to keep the ancient constitution, or rather the rights consecrated by time, while the other insists on a change, which may prevent the return of the past evils, which they attribute to the ancient institutions. 'While people are defending in public sometimes the one, sometimes the other, of these two opinions, ra ther from caprice or interest than on principle, the Government calmly pursues its course, and, without troubling itself about the contradictions of parties, leaves it to time to decide which of them is in the right. This dignified attitude does not satisfy the restless spirits, who fancy that it is absolutely neces sary to embrace one of the two systems. In conse quence, they spread all manner of reports to prove that the Government has at length adopted one side. Sometimes it is said that a plan of constitution which comprehends the whole monarchy has been laid be fore the Council of State—sometimes, that it has been resolved to retain the old one. One relates, that the reports of the Ministers who have been sem into the provinces to examine into what relates to the Provin cial States are so contradictory. that the result of the merely historical inquiries cannot give rise to an or ganization which shall be applicable to all the pro vinces; another affirms, that a new prospect of the aggrandisement of the monarchy has caused a sud den suspension of the discussions already begun in the Council respecting. the Representative Constitu tion; but there is no truth in all this. In the last of the meetings of the Council, which take place every six months, there was no discussion upon the Consti tution or any thing of the kind; and the reports of the Ministers toad not be contradictory, because though the Minister of State, Beyme, has made his report,- Altenstein and Klewitz have not yet made theirs If some politicians are dissatisfied at this de- 1 lay, others , on the contrary, regard it as a wise mea- I sure, by which time is gained till the vertigo of con- I stitutinns is over, and things may be in a manner ar ranged of themselves. It is the same with regard to the delays about the University of Bonn; the funds, &c. for the establishment are already assigned, but the organization is not yet regulated." BERLIN, AUGUST it On the 18th the Synod of the two Evangelical Convcgations for this tear was opened by Divine Service in the Cathedral Church. _ _ An expression of M. Ribbentrop, Intendant General of the Prussian army, is considered as very remark able. This Gentleman, who has daily before his eyes the effects of standing armies upon the nation ; eco nomy both on a large and a small scale ; who likes the military admini.tration in the vocation of his life, and is known to the Armies, to their Generals, and Sovereigns, by his distinguis'aed services, has, in his Essay on the " Economy of the European Armies," the following words, whic h , from the mouth of such a man, are highly important :—" That every reduc tion of the Army has always a favourable ,nfluenee on the internal relations of the country; that these re lations, the professions, the property, and the spirit of the citizens, must be spared and maintained as much as possible in time of peace, that they may be employed with more energy in time of war." PETERSBURGII, AUGUST s. We learn that his Majesty the Emperor will leave this city in the beginning of September, to go to A ix.' a-tlapelle. In the course cf Lhe same month, her Majesty, the Empress Maria, will go to Weimar, Stuttgard, and Brussels, to visit her daughter, the Grand Duchess of Weimar, the Queen of - Wortem-, burgh, and the Princess of Orange. The Rurick, Captain Kotzebue, now lies in the Neva, before the hotel of Count Romanzow. The weather is still warm : we do not remember such a fine summer. STOCKHOLM, AUGUST ta. His Majesty and the Crown Prince arrived at Chris tiana on the I lth, in good health. Every where on the journey his Majesty was received by his subjects with enthusiasm. On his arrival at Christiana, the city was finely illuminated. We learn that his Majesty intends to leave Chris tiana, on the 22d, in order to arrive at Drontheim by the end of this month. SWITZERLAND, AUGUST i 4. The Deputies of Berne and Lucerne, Messrs. Rut timann and Fischer, have left Rome, after taking leave of his Holiness. Their mission has led to no result. It is affirmed, that they will be shortly fol lowed by the new Nuncio for Switzerland, Mr. Macsi, who lately filled the idea of Internuncio at Lisbon. It seems that the Diet will take up this affair before it separates ; and they already speak of a declaration which is to be made to the Roman Court ; ac cording to which, the Envoys of that Court cannot exercise in Switzerland any ecclesiastical jurisdiction, but will always be received there with the respect and consideration which Members of the Diplomatic Body have a right to expect from a friendly Power. LONDON. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1818. THE FUNDS. PRICE OT STOOKS THIS DAT AT TWELVE &GLOM Reduced shut—Cons. 75i —for Act. 7,51 i Si per Cent. shut-4 per Cent. shut 5 per Cent. Navy 104—India Bonds 73 pew..' • Omnium Bff disc.—Exchequer Bills 17 Iterfan. This morning Consols opened at 76i, in conse quence of a number of persons of the Jewish per suasion rushing into the Market and taking an im mense quantity of Stock. However, the rise lasted only a short time, for at twelve o'clock they had again fallen to 751, being a decline of one per cent. and the Market appeared very heavy at that price. We are greatly concerned to find, by our accounts received this morning from Manchester, which we subjoin, that the peace and quiet of that neighbour hood seem as far off as ever. We stated yesterday that the workmen had on Wednesday morning attacked Mr. Gala's premises, known by the name of An coat's Factory, when, being fired on from within, some of them were wounded—one mortally. We now learn, that in the evening they assembled again, is great numbers, evidently bent on mischief, when it was found impossible to disperse them till several were dangerously wounded. Thursday they were again assembled in greatnumbers, and prsvented from spreading ruin around them only by the activity of the military ; and to add to the evils of the crisis, the Weavers of the neighbouring towns have also turned out in great numbers, and repaired in bodies to Manchester, with music and flags, demanding an increase of wages. The following are . the accounts which have reached us this morning : " MANCHESTER, SEPTEIIT4R S, 10 P.M. " I am scrry to inform you, that notwithstanding our long-disturbed state in this place and neighbour• hood, we have not yet any prospect of a speedy re turn to a state of tranquillity ; on the contrary, mat ters hourly assume a more threatening and alarming aspect. With the exception of the factory of Messrs. BENJAMIN NAvtoo and Co. all the other Master Spinners refuse to give the advance required by their workmen ; and the latter, remaiding obstinate, ran% to -resume their labour at the old Prices, and daily, parade in thousands before the diffetent factories. Hitherto they had conducted themselves tolerably peaceable, and had chiefir confined their ebullitions of resentment to the hissing and hooting of such in dividuals in dividuals as they conceived inimical to their interests. At length, as had been too certainly foreboded, they have proceeded to acts of outrage and violence, and Illeoat has keen spin. Yesterday morning they assem bled in a body of several thousands opposite the fat•', tory and dwelling-house of Mr. Gavr,, knoym . by the name of Ancoat's factory, and instantly pro ceeded to demolish the windows and all the exterior parts, within the reach of stones and such missiles. Several persons having been posted inside the factory with firearms, they immediately fired among the mob. One man instantly fell, mortally wounded ; another received a bullet through the fleshy part ofj his arm ; and a third was shot through the leg- in a Idangerous manner. A party of the 95th Foot and, 18th Light Dragoons, speedily a/ rived f:om the Bar racks, and, aided by the civil power, they soon cleated the streets, and tranquillity seemed for a time restored. At night, however, they again assembled in considerable numbers, with the evident intention of avenging theniselves for the proceedings of the morning ; and, evincing such a clispesition to turbu lenee, it was found impossible to make them disperse. without again having recourse to extremities. Several shots were fired, and six persons were wounded, some of them dangerously ; but on the most diligent in quiry, I cannot learn that any lives were loot on this occasion. Tile military and civil power were on duty during the night, and no further mischief occurred. " This day they again assembled in considerable numbers, and proceeded to break the windows of se veral factories; but the military being quickly at their -heels in every direction; they were prevented from doing further mischief. _ _ Pa add to the general confusion, the weavers of this aiid the r.eighbouring .koWns,of Bolton, Bury, Ashton, Stockport, &c. to the Timber of 15,000, have now. timed out. Last night and to-day they have been parading different parts of the town with music end Big% the latter bearing various inscriptions: the most prominent of which were—An advance of seven shillings in the pound, or nothing! They are still as sembled in large bodies, and I much fear that before the night closes more mischief will be done. The Magistrates, Peace Officers, and Military, have an irksome and arduous duty to perform; and it is barely doing justice to say, that hitherto they have conducted themselves with a moderation , and humanity that does them great credit. Reckoning the spinners, weavers, collins, and others, who have struck for an advance of wages, in this town and within the circuit of ten or' eleven miles, I am certain that I do not exaggerate when I state their numbers at upwards of fifty thousand ! With such a mass of inflammable matter, we may well conceive ourselves in the midst 91 a volcano:— Truth, however, compels proceedings are as totally or treason as the frigid v it What a prospect does th In such circumstances, au the masters and their work of the 4 , 41 power, in such to overawe the unruly, wii sautes that hwie led to the means best adapted to rests promise permanence? We need hardly remind cannot have escaped the kr of the !lightest observation, line of manufacture have and too often do combine and that, in such cases, the conducted in private. Holy need to parade the public s pose themselves openly to nity ; and, on every sl tckr the workmen in competiti, the descending scale of pric be guilty of acts of great workmen, but to every men spite of all that sophistry riably the case as often ployed—more char. fully e pitiful return for his labo parish funds for a pact of flarily—that is, when, they being maintained by his I ueizhbours are used to / his workmen. We have n this silken to-clay, but we tunity to return to it, bein neous and dangerous opini nerally entertained and be corrected before we ca. , of permanent quiet a: hcn We have been led to o this moment, from having from Manchester, that a Masters was about to be E sitioas to be made to the to mum to their regula rence from this seems to to offer some increase of acquainted with tie way i rally conduct theriselves, that they Live not alread ings, and a general tinders themselves in et'ery thing and keeping dotvr. the tt publicity being given to tl meeting on the present oc, thing in the way of an deeined unavoidable at sot • ; Another circumstance which has also had some dwell a little on the'disput, 'width threateddangelous met principleszot be appli •Wsraliestie to the dispute :Joithiertnen Carpenters in Masters pertinaciously res only pay certain wages, wl obstinacy resolved not to other rate'—instead of actir to refer the question to a Si between them, and the resu LETTER TO ' " COMBINATION OP JOU " Sas—As authentic informs ' shall avail myself of the ready c forded by your Paper, to state, the principal Master Carpentzr war in this muter; that a De; u: del me here last Friday evening was to be put upon the same fo day), as they were in 1810. T the intemperate language of the; were desirious of oeing the be expressed a hope, that the mode meet the approbation of their 11l " I have great pleasure in 1:1 siderable Meeting of the prlncip there was not a dissentient voi( place from the 31st of August spectful and obedient servant, " lielborn•liars, Sept. 4, 181 Need any man of comr principle Mr. LAXTON gui they be any other than livids' in London to an a du j cing him to the necessi his wages to a poor rate, receive no benefit from hii since expressed our opinio on individuals and en the workmen such a remunel maintain them without ha funds. But such has too many districts, both wits and manufacturers; while tha: this has been opera upon, by statements of Poor Rates within a eel How can this levy be dimil are thus permitted to de fn holding from . them such a ply the necessaries of life ! ded by some pseudo ecu property, is a cornmodit; find its own level in the iiibd of labour that will n THE EVENING STAR.