Star. — London, England, 1815-05-24 00:00:00

by the Alliei had Aolat - idaki Weti'pait. tt wai said that Bonaparte had not been paid that sum which i t was stipulated hi should Periodically retel+e: This rived no violation of the gmid faith of the Allies.-- g,• whom were the sums to be paid? Not by 'the Allies, hut by the King of France ; there could then jive been no violation on their part, till Bonaparte had complained to them that he had not received w haChe was to have beeri paid,' and they had failed to enfOrce perforniance of the treaty which-ther },, i d Made with him. fir no . other instance had they siolateddie treaty the hid made: Could'any one consider the arratigetnent made with respect to the- Duchies of Parm.i and 'Placentia, or the • report of its !,,; ri g the intentirin &fhb Attie; to dispossess Bona role of Elba, to . afFid jusafication of his conduct tits re-assufriptitni Oldie Government of France was t justifiable gtoand of War. • The Allies had ills ;:tictly declared last Year that they would Make no ~,iace with France so long as Bonaparte lime het hief. The existing Government had closed with 'n this Declaration, - and dissolved his power, , hat lett to an 'asnistice. and the armistice to the conc!jcion of a peitie. If those Who •wiere; parties dart arrangement had a right to 'make it, Paco the return of Bonaparte was an usurpation ; and ii they had not that right, then Louis XVIII. had no tight to siOt the Treaty of Peace, which of course became invalid, add thieceuntry must necessirily be at way wilt Notice ti she Vue -before. The great qn-szi. in however aft:eV aßilitureatild Wet Amid wit; ', wilet!:er we miglit Tnitof to Ana at a in; Li; e period with a gieateilariltrit Of-sctiVs thin pres-nted itself at present ? Friths the characterof Bo; ilapa re, !a , thought Meet* of rmust feel that War was unavoidable, and if the 'lnt& with which the would now hale to contend was.great, it would be st.li more formidable in another year: The Noble En 1 had :reated the Allies with :Mich severifyin his s;wech, ants Jeprecated the use of harsh language" u ith respect to Bonaparte: He *was sorry that with so much moderation for the enemy, that he had not re•etved some of heti mildness for the Allies. - He (Earl Gtey) assumed, that Italy after what they had :.een of the -conduct of the . Allies with respect to Genoa, wonld not rise in their favour as she did for merly. He wished to know when she had risen in b e h:,lt ail the Allies t He was not acquainted that she had don. so at all. He defended the course pursued with respect to Genoa and Saxony. It was not true that the Saxon .111111# was tin a state of niutinys and that a Prussian corps was stationed over them. Some dissatisfacton had certainly existed, on account of the military arrangements which had taken place ; these bad been of a very partial nature, and the guysls of Prince Blucher at that very time were ;J au n t s, he was in the Saxon quarters, .rid no vio lknce was offered to his person. The Noble - Earl had said, the Allies could not bring so many men into ;he field as they marched against Bonaparte last year. The forces of Russia - , and Prussia . were much inure numerotis than they Were last year; as were the armie j , of Austria advancing to co-operate with them, .ex ..tosive of those employed by that Power against Murat in Italy. The army of the- Dukoof Welling ton, be asserted to be itrAt very forMldable state ; and, upon the whor4.he cootended, a gleam prospect of success could not be hoped for at a future period than stow. presented itself. This country, he insisted, had a right tointerfere with the intettukt Government of France, to a certain extent, 'faits own security; but England and the Allies of -England did not wish to . do this; any more than was absolutely necessary for the satiety of the Commonwealth - of LUMP , . . Dud Lit i ILENILILLE zonsideivit.thespsesedaVla of France as the common enemy oe Europe and this ceuotry, and had nodoubt•that if he had been placed hi the situation of Miuistets, he should hatt, given the same advice as to - the present state of.avitr. Now that Parliament was cared upon for its suPPorAs he could not, apes all the consideratien he had beta able to give the sdbieet," -bring himself to doubt that it was th.ir duty it ilOat, their determined relolU tfa support the Crowa to the utmost us the pro. secigon of the war. But if any hesitation had atp.. pearcd on the part of the executive Government, strong as his.letpresiitin was, he should not hiie.Pre sumed upon the itaterfeCt s ansi, perhaps, erroneotti information-which a—Member of Parliament was able' to up, to advise the Government - to commence a war which Ministyri'dld not think 'expedient. . He expressed some CQIIOOTO that the House were not called upon to coati* this subject 'earlier • for thsi sake of giving more iatitt l actio n to the ecientrp -- of , cdonteracting many tinfoinded opipflins; and:reasno. ! ing many groundlesaptejudices. If he might sepa rate his private wishes from his regard for hivcoun. try, the delay had personally afforded him the coniod lation of dela y ing the fatal necessity of expressing a, difference of opinion on Chit great and momentous '''h.frct , with a person of,Jittat he should be afraid' speak as he felt inclined, if he had: not heard the" flattering terms in which thepartiality of friendstrit .d fed hint to speak a him. The delay had also . 4 . 101 ed trim the opportiipuy:of examining and !az' examining' opinions, of the COnliCtilCSA o f which he , had so much reasoss to doubt, when •belound 1.14 differed frosts those Of "bin* of whcise judgment he thought so higlaky. Togivean opinion in lavour of a COininuance of the calamities of war, was a painful task to any'man : but it was some consolation to feel that that was the opinion of . a man whose, whole; public lite had expressed a general abhorrence of war and i‘ho thoughtthat to be just, a watt utiist nat Only. be nece , ,s a i y, tut unavoidable. The first question w wl miter wetiad justgrounits to considerourselvesat wari !'here was a saying of • I:tiike recorded- in those vo where, if so many things were often tpplic ne, it was because they were all founded pn the soli' rrincipies of truth s that neither a profitable wrong, stir an unprofitable right, were fit to be pursued by ' , At. Though it were demonstrable that the greatest 'rossible advantage ;night be derived froth the prose-. • ation °loran yet if it could be shewn that, however erofitable in itself, the war was unjust, the waging unjust war was more unprofitable to its interests yam any advantage could benefit them. Much, had, .ern of uid necessity respecting the general Nights. 1 interfering with the government of other nations. the abstract principle, that no government had a - glit to interfere with an9tlier, every' body would • Arte. .The right was unquestionable, like the rights t men in a state of nature; and if 'any political state ould be found in a state of nature, the rights *of a ate so sepasated from the other states would, be ab •,iiite and undeniable; but it was with societies as . . . . . L . i . i . ~ with indieidu ils, with gniertiVikiilt 'lts eclat intyria. when they stand in tiny relation to seach other, they mus t s be contented tome theie rights regulated with respect to the mutual rights of all, The rights of others in relation to that state were as sacred :is the rights of the state itself. He did not apprehend this principle could he denied ; every page of history of every country furnished examples of its being • acted %ran. His Noble Friend , had mentioned two striking instances which had lately occurred.— .'lliat this principle'rnust .not be . made the. pretext of oppression and injustice. was true of every other 'ground of war; and there was no legitimate ground of war which. might not by abuse be distorted to the purposes of injustice. Tirane was ao country which had not tried,the effect of a treate with Bonaparte, and experienced that to restrain his power, or to di minish his aggressions, treaties were of no avail what ever. If the House had not tr.eti of this opinion, the moment.for them to have dr:tared it was when our government signed the declaration to that efftsct: they shuuld then have required Ministers to withdraw such declaration in the name of England. He cordially ipproved of the declaration : on that foundation France accepted• the offers of the Allies; and that government (which.was originally. a military usur pation), had it been the must legitimate in the world, would, by the miscondue of-its ;l'hrone, have for feited its titic to its King, And have produced the extreme cake of the necessity of driving from the Throne 'the frescos who had to *Wed his authority. ifFrance possessed - the :rig'ht' If enclosing - her own goverontern. and hadi atter miserly yearsof war, by -which she had been so.greaS a suffererpmade some sa crifices for the idvantages of the restorationot tray. siiiillitY, her own limitation of that right could not '-he deub ed : and so the bargain was made.St Paris. This would. appear - the true sense of the treaties, look ing on the whole business as one great transaction. In civil transactions, some competent tribunal or juris diction was referred to, which prescribed certain forms as necessary to be attended to.for the regulation of a contract ; .which he who did, not act upon. ne glected at his peril. But in affairs between nations, there was no common authority or tribunal to refer to, or which had authority to prescribe : and all that could be required was to impose on.both parties the duty of performing what they undertook. The inten tion to perform the contract must be made known to all parties, and this was the case respezting the ex clusion of Bonaparte and his family from the French Throne. ' The question, therefore, was not on the ab stract right of interfering in the choice of a Govern ment fur France, bet on the right of enforcing a so lemn Treaty. It mattered not what . was the case of right, if it was allowed, as no man denied, that France had the right to conclude lawfully the Treaty. That gave tothe allies the right of enforcing ir. The Treaty was made, and it could.. not be• lawful for France t' , break it. It was founded on certain stipu lations t but . France breaks it, and retractsfrom pan of the hargaie I -her eirligMiOn WO the etelbsion of Bonaparte's Uynastt. The. moment that violation was committed, a just cause of war ensued. They might, though it wis net necessary, look back to the succession war and the,Treaty of Utrecht, and the .iriginal principle on which that war WAS founded. The Allies, ire would not say ishether wisely Or not, 4idrelax irons the otigival principle of exclisd:rig the .13.urbon family from the Spanish throne ; but they insisted on the Means for preveuting the croups of s the . two nations being worn by the same person. It ini 'lit then have depended on the-life of a weak and 4,i iy child, .whether Philip.woold not become the i d ful heir of France. Had the contemplated event purred, then France would have desired and at- Pelted the annexation of Spain as a province of 'France; not as it was afterwards, a virtu4 province, butin actual added' province or kingdom: D the pocky, then, was admitted to be right, what was the oiler ence respecting the present circurnstaoces.? The point then was, not the exclusion of all Bourbons or 'dame from the throne of Spain, but to prevent Phi. lip V. from wearing the French crown ; and' we now said that by the Treaty Bonaparte cannot lawfully be considered as the Emperor of France. This was our g cwe f as e is u a n do fitting. a T n d t hoe a s s hce t a o ws e t h tw e : enemy re thisamn y c :en t ha toi et the Allies claimed the observance of the Treaty. It b ha . w ag4 e w more ere violat e d, w u a s t s i a fi nn e ed : in those steps which might bring ,On France all the : calamities of war. His (Lord Grenville's) opinion ' I was, that there was ho option left us; nor any grbunds for long deliberation c we were placed by an imperious necessity in a state to do what could not be avoided. The first great point of importance,. , was the observance of the treaty.. ft was nolighe matter after twehty.five year of trouble, and even at the close of war. to fi nd in :Prince the pre, railing passion' which bccasibied, the ,early calve; • inities, a passion under the. dominion, of which, ;die was preparing to commence a new war. — Could France alone have a right to examine, ques tion, or cancel treaties, without assigniog any reason why she was not' bound by them ? If there remained anytope for the maintenance .daff• peace in Europe against such a power at haft44lt must iitigioinded upon a determination that .she ,should be-bound. by the force of her contracts. Europe his not-to .tole rate her principles of destroying twines, such akehe avowed in the case of the.opening of the Scheldt for instance, some years ago. SO ~ now, she repounced ,her contract by one of the moat imulting papers ever kpown in theannals of diplomachealled by Caulain court a proposition for peace, which was founded only on. this, that France might, at her pleistire, dispense with all compacts. What occasion , wait- there now kir the question whether relatiotre. shiesilel,he Altered into with France, but that, she •had.slielnythat she would not abide by any treaty ? She gloried. ia yin- Wing a treaty. She scattered it to'the winds. She said in effect, that by 25 years' experience she 'had 'taught Europe how she appreciated **advs. : Other securities must be found for her thak those solemn. complaints. Not only on this, but 'on every other reason, • the necessities of the present case rested. It he saw Sovereigns supplicating . Bonaparie, he should' say to what Bonaparte proposes; 'there was an instr. perable objection. He could offer no security. We had now a duty imposed upon us. He had flagrantly broken his faith ; and. because he bad done so, were we to break faith withour Albeit . ' -If they called on its to support one, which though just was yet new, we might say, that the interest of the country was to be first considered. . But our Allies now called upon us only for the obeervatoce of a treaty agreed Ito by , • L . • . • • all. an d tve could not efl i Mistediry set hp a of out own interest as a reason for assisting to 's •cure its ob servance. To refuse to maintain the Treaty of Paris, would be conduct towards our Allies of a character similar to the bad faith of B inapirte. There were yet other grounds for deciding on this fearl ul native. He held good faith to our Allies to be in dispensable ; but his real opinion was, that it was essential to the general security to all (lie knew not how to make shades of difference), that the stipulations of the Treaty should he enforced. Whenever the system of war shouli be recommenced by France, experience spewed that it could not be stopped by another common effort of the whole of the state's of Europe. It was therefore for the preservation of our faith to our Allies, for the general seem ity, and for the interest of our own country, that in this sital ation we were called on to adopt the means calculated to avert the greatest dangers. N ► words of which he was master, nothing that the page of history recnrdi..l, appeared adequate to impress on their Lordships' minds the situation in which we were now placed. II such means were required from any, to place in lull view- the dangers of removing the barriers against French ambition and aggression, and the necessity that must ek.st if they were not removed, he should des; air. No reasonable man, (certainly no man in that House) could confide in the security to be found' in treaties with Bonapa:te. Security must be looked rot in other means. Soeaking of the security or in. security of Treaties, he sh old not attempt to make a statement of how many violations Bonaparte had been guilty : but be would ask any one to ' chew him one country, during the last ten or twelve years, which had sought peace or safety by treaty with him, that had not found itself visited with the aggravotion of the very evils it had so attempted to ward off. Instead of enumerating violations, he would ask, who would rest his security on Bona parte ? and who would point out a Treaty with him that was not followed by the disadvantage and detriment of the other contracting party ? (Hear.) His Noble Friend, in a laudable anxiety for Peace, which he fuUy shared with him, had indulged in ex pectations in which he could not indulge. Age cer tainly imposed limits on the activity and ambition of man—but that had not yet occurred. Little either could he trace as to the amendment of his disposition. Gun forbid he should suppose that no amendment could take place in any man : but in looking to the general safety of nations, and to the happiness and existence of his own country, he could not rest upon probabilities merely, where especially he saw no rea sonable hopes, and when the very act of the man which occasioned the present crisis, was one of the strongest examples of his' faithlessnes and ambition which his life had offered. By any means of -infor mation which he possessed, he knew not how to esti. Mate the proportions of those in France who desired his return, and of those who wished for any other gotatriment. It was a difficelt thing to do so in any other country. It appeared, however, t'at he was replaced by the active efforts of the military. 'Theta were no traces of any other interference. Though lit, could not estimate and distribute the different pro portions of the opinions of th.:. 'French, yet from all he had heard, from.every report subject that he had read, it did appear that under Louis the 18th .the ormy had felt a radical discootent at the pacific principles of that Monarch. His moderation and pacific disposition was the very cause, for which, as tor a crime, he was deposed. He was the victim of peace—he was the sacrifice of his good faith. (Hear.) He had suffered, not like his unfortunate brother Louis XVL not upon charges alleged against him, for designing to violate the liberties of France, or for any harshness of proceedings. His Government was . a'Government of lenity. It could not be .charged against him that he was shaking the Constitution that had been formed. Though it was the interest of the present Government to find out charges of a disposi tion to unsettle the present state of property in France, be had been able to discover not a single proof of any such accusation nothing more, indeed, than loose and general assertions. This was evident in all publications on that subject. There appeared no such grounds ; and the lawful assemblies under the new constitution paid him all allegiance up to the very moment that he became an exile. It was be cause he was the friend of peace, and was desirous to keep peace with the other countries of Europe, that a soldiery, accustomed to rapine, and raised by their former chief, as his Noble Friend had expressed it, " to principalities and. powers," carved out of the just rights of other people, were discontented,' and desired • no Monarch but a General prepared to 'renew the work of apioliation:—(Hear, hear.) — Was it nothing now to be desired to unction a tars. ten under which Euretee had so lovig•groaned, with such an army and such a chief at its head ? If his disposition was said to have undergone some change, hit situation again was bow changed ; and as the army was formerly upheld by spoliation and plunder,; so-now, for the same objects, he was recalled by his former instruments, who alone could maintain him in his regained power. .As to new Constkutions. he was, firmly of opinion that a good ConstitutiOn could only be formed by the adsptron of remedies from time to - time, under the circumstances which requited them. 'Chat-seemed the only means of accomplishing that difficult work.. The only instance of exception men• tioned was that of America : but that did not apply. The founders of that constitution acted with great wisdom. It wai filmed:6 it to prOdncesslittle change as possible in the existing laws and manners under the altered form of government, which, though a republic. was constructed as nearly as the differences would ad : . mit, oo the moaarchial form of our own constitution. If any person would consider the present situation of Bonaparte' in France, it must appear that, judging by ail human ptobability, it would be necessary fur him (even supposing we were inclined to remain in peace witb him) to keep his army in humour ith .himo•by leading them 'on to some fresh aggression -w &pink some foreign 'nation ; which w7uld force us into the contest, however we might . disinclined to it. •If we were to look at all his former policy, we Would see , that he was under a sort of necessity to endeavour to maintain his power by the same 'means by which lie'had acquired it. - *Against his recurring to his firmer policy,' his Noble Friend (Lord Grey) appeared, by the amendment he had moved, to con- Sider that it would be sufficient security for this coun try to continue in peace with him. The state of peace did not, however, now exist between us and Bonaparte. We had pow no treaty with him , and he would wish to know upon what growth *coula now gegneiate with hint ? In that ovto-ore.• Ai it was called, Oil; Bonaparte made to this country, be mentlnted nothing a, nit the Peace of Paris, nor even condesc:nded to Say any thing about the t Tms on which he: WAS diSp6d to treat with us... It appeared, however, by I. era Clancar t y' s letter , that the proposal which WAS forwarded to Vienna WAS, that he w..s content to abide by the Treaty Of Paris. He, fir his part, had al Nays thonght that I? Liat Treaty, the great p'iinis %JOU' retnaitied to bk sealri.4 for the lotitre peace of fi:urctpe Were left too undefined It sta, settled ind Fd , that Fr ince should preserve her ancient frontiers, aid Ciat we were to restore to her the greater p rrt of het CO!Onlet• Al the other great interests of Europe were, however, re,erveti to be discussed at the Congrys, to which FrJoce also sent her Minister. Now. it it were pro. posed to negotiate for peace with Bonaparte on the tennis of the Treaty of Paris, Was it also to be left open to Lim to interfere in all those arrangemeots Ciat by that Treaty wete left utn!efined, but which hail sin ;e been agreed on by the different powers at VI. er.na ? If this was the case,veen althou'gh we niight take the Treaty ut Paris as the tonndatton of Peace, we should soon find ourselves entangled in a h rtee gociation with Bonaparte, about those other interest"' ing points Which had been happiivsettled, after long deliberation, by the Congress .Lt Vienna. With sacii a wide field of discussion thrown open, what he could there be of the cll.-Erosive sys:em boing long maintained It was impossible for their Lordships not to recollect what differences bed existed betwerti the Powers of Europe upon those points, when theit were under discussion. How greatly would those 'differences be increased, if those discussions were now 'to be re-opened, and Bonaparte was admitted to be come a party in them. Under such circumstances, Land with all the opportunities he would then have of serving divisions, what bope could be entertained of preserving the defensive system recommended in the amendment to the Address?—( Lord GRENVILLI here appeared to be taken , tollenly ill, and concluded crather abruptly by statini•,, that for the reasons he had stated, he should stlppoi t the Address). The House then divide.% when there appeared. . • For the Amendment Orecent 3; Prolies 9 Against it c Prevent / Proxiot - 44 191 54 -►56 112 711.1 why fcr Ministers - Adjourned aL One o'Cluck. LIST 01: MINORITY. Dukca--Sussex, Norfolk, Somerset, Grafton, Devonshire, Argyll. Marquisses-4.ansclown, 11.)LgiAi ' Wellesley. Earle.-Derby, Essex, Albemarle, Jersey, cow per, Ilehooter, Cans narvon, Grosvenor, Darnky, itlemont, Minuaghnif" man. hope, Cork, Grey. Randy n, Lauderdale, isc. Torrington. Lords—Saye and St Julio, Lyron, King, Montfort, Foley, p ro g,,,._Nl a ,-; lu l s Duvet:shire, rarl of Amer, Earl of Guilford. Duke of Leuister, liar!. Ile.L.rough and spmcia, VlSCOlint Anson, L anti Crew, Oun,lis, se,! l'olsonby. Ge me bet 15.54 tt. the (155 tht thi gu tia Ikr ;t5l tit of 7.1 to vl su lU F E d. t 1 c 11 11 t 1 a 5 HOUSE OF COMMONS. This being the day on wh;ch the order for balloting for a Committee to enquire into the. merus of the Downpatrick Eiection stood, and there being only 77 Members rresent, being the minal)cr lequired) Sit Four o'clock the Houstt FLANDERS MAIL. VIENNA, MAY 8. Russia and England h tve acceded to the Treaty of Alliance, offen,ive and dJensive, concluded be tween Austria and King Ferdinand of Sicily, who has engaged by this TreAty to send 30,00 U men into the field against Murat. r, MAY I. The Receiver-General of the Depsmnent of the Somme, of which the capital is Amiens, is just ar rived in this city, with his dart cairn, which contains 500,000 francs. He has delivered it into the hands of his Sovereign. This fine trait of loyalty and pro. ',icy will doubtless have many imitators. ' Louis XVIII. has published an Ordinance, which decreess, that all those Frenchmen uho have rallied round his Majesty's person, in these unfortunate times, shall have a medal, bearing on one side the King'i effigy, and on the other the word Fideity, which may be claimed by such Frenchmen as shall help to overturn the Government-of the Usurper. MAY 20.—The Kim! of France held a Council the day before yesterday. His Majesty's health continues to be good.—Count Beugnot, Minister of the Marine, is arrived here. Count Latour du Pin, one of his Majesty's Ministers at the Congress, arrived yesterday (from Madrid with important dispatches. • Travellers from Paris represent that city as terrified at the associations of St. Antoine at St. Marceeu. RASTADT, MAY •is. At Carisruhe the carriage of a French courier coming from Vienna has been so carefully examined,. that treasonable papers of great importance have been discovered. The favourite of a great Save. reign has been arrested, and his papers have been bent to the heed-quarters at S'ockach. It is not knows how far persons, apparently attached to the cause of Louis XVIII. are implicated in this affair : but there is reason to be astonished at the attempt of Prince B-- to return to France clandestinely, after pass. ports had been refused him at Stocirach.' Several persons attached to the Embassy have been arrested. The discovery of Os new treason has caused the general rueasuresle be adopted of rem.eving from employment all those who have directly or indirectly any connection with France. The day before yesterday and yesterday we saw several battalions of the Austrian troops pass through, which came from Mentz, • MUNSTER, MAY 8. A Prussjan corp4ll-reuroe of 20,000 men is asserts. bling near Minden, which' will be cantoned there for the present. Some of these troops are to work on the forefications of the different fortresses. The levies for the reserve battalions of the Londwehr, are terminated in almost all the provinces of Westphalia. —Ail extraordinary enthusiasm prevails in the whole of Westphalia, every where offerings are laid on the altars of the country fur the equipment of the volun teers who have nut the means themselves ; these young men particularly like to enlist in the corps of Lutzow, which has been nearly doubled. TLe Land,. storm, composed 0t.130,000 wee, part of whom us well armed and exercised, is in some degree the 1.1). port of the active army, and a nursery for pod so ~~ P." -