Star. — London, England, 1818-05-21 00:00:00

t he ilor.ourable and Leuned Gentleman himself{ wa wa to entertain of the disposition of the House towards this Clause was such, that it was unnecessary far On to say any thing in opposition to it. The clause was then negatived without a divisionßill Nth , report of the Comauee on the Vinegar Duty tabre4l3 u, r. GRANT wished to know whether any steps were n iectirg the new discovery of manufacturing vinegar' tosodSl !IN N N-.LO GTO said, that the duty on such vinegar was acconllng to its strength. roa Report was ,greed to, and the Bill ordered to be read a i l l time. D e Watch :..rd Ward Mr was read a second time, and or; dred tube committed to-morrow. lie Other Orders of the D.ty were then disposed of, and the sdjourud. E EVENTING STAR. LONDO! THURSDAY, MAY 21, 1818. THE FUNDS. PSIGT CT ITOCILS THIS DAY AT TWELVE O . CLOCK Iteauced7Sii—Comols 7911 --for Acc. 744. per Cents. 88}-1 per Cent. 974 1 : - .Aly Ants. 106;} —India Bonds 101 102 pr. Each. Bilis 19 23 pr —Omnium prem. We this day lay before our Readers farther ac ccuelts fmns South America. By the former Spanish 3 7coants, Moaitto was reported to have so com pletely defeated the Independent Army under Bola- TIR, on the 17th of February, that but little chance - .7:15 left to them of being ever able to rally: but by t . ..r accounts before us, it appears that they must kept the field; for again we find MORILLO, on ttelgth and 16th of March, (a month after he had Vow destroyed the Insurgents) congratulating him elf and the inhabitants of Caraccas on having again dcreatcd and destroyed them. . Though we are not inclined to give credit to these :counts to the extent of their statements, we think tegremely probable that Mostato has gained some advantages over BOLIVAR ; but to what extent we =not know till we shall have received the Bulletins of the Independents : for we have hitherto always lend the Royalist accounts greatly exaggerated, and cites entirely unfounded. We should be grieved in timd were the cause of the Independents entirely to LI; and that not merely on account of the injuries tie- have so long sustained from the rule of Old Spain, but fat our own sakes, as members of a great, kee crumercial community, who have nothing to lope fur from any succeses that can attend the arms of FERDINAND, but every thing to dread ! There is not a country in the world that promises rs many commercial benefits to Britain as South America—were her independence but once effected ; wad provided we do nothing, in the mean time, to by a foundation for future prejudices in the minds r the inhabitants. We consider those who would counteract the efforts of the South Americans as be rtted, and blind to the real interests of England.— What benefits can we ever receive from Spain? Have we ever received any? On the contrary, has she not always been inimical to our commercial prosperity, and even ungrateful for benefits conferred on her? Can the part she took in the war which established dle independence of the United States be ever for tntten b. ) this country? Ought it to be ever forgotten? The Paris Papers of Monday arrived this forenoon. l We learn from them that Colonel FREDERICKS, Aid de -tamp of the Grand Duke NICHOLAS, arrived at Berlin on the Bth instant with the agreeable intelli fence of the Grand Duchess 4.l2.2zAtcnnat having t::71 happily delivered of a Grand Duke on the 29th month. Her Serene Highness, as well as the • Prince, are both doing well.—Prince TALLEY. t, v has left Paris for his state of Valensay. A Mail from Flanders arrived this morning. It tangs nothing worthy of notice, if we may erupt a letter of thanks from the KING of PrwsstAt to a certain Commune on the Moselle, called Katzen post, for refusing to join in the Remonstrance which '2 City and District of Coblentz lately made to his ariesty, respecting the breach of his solemn promise !o give them a free Representative Constitution. The ;topic of Katzenpost aforesaid have been pleased, in as address to his Majesty to declare, that they feel "happy in the present order of things." His Majesty riswers, that "such a declaration is at all times ray rare"—that he has heard it with pleasure—and snot help expressing his great satisfaction at the 'good spirit' which they have displayed on the occa sion. Miserable people to be the objects of so de grading a compliment ! The departure of the Prince and Princess of HESSE 4c)lLLac, which had been positively fixed for Mon a7.-.ex:, is now indefinitely postponed. Mmday the Duke and Duchess of CAMBRIDGE, vith her faux' and several relatives, arrived at Brus le% %%here the Duke of KENT and suite also arrived. Letters from Germany state, that a German La Leen founded in the Brazils, near the river ~ • Each colonist receives gratuitously from 50 tl:4) arpents of land. A town is to be built, to be *d Leopoldina, in honour of the Archduchess Izentarizr., now Princess Royal of the Brazils. A private letter from Paris states, that an account ma received there of a violent affray at Cam- Neen some French and English Officers.-- 1 to have arisen in a Co&e-house, where English Officers happened to deliver rather ion on the campaign of 1815, and the battle 35. This led to the drawing of sabres ; a :casequence took place in the street • and, that some lives were lost before the dis nas quelled. the latter circumstance, we Immature. betwe 4is vated Leo; the E `fee °plain Wattrl co in co "port kids, ce t4irre, is pi PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS. TIIS QUER.W. An Official Account has just been issued of all the I The Duchess of GLOUCESTER visited her beloved Sums received by Great Britain, since the 20th of Mother yesterday morning, and continued with her during the day. The PRINCE REGENT, the Dukes of November, 1815, as Portions of the Indemnity to be s , zORK, da y CE, CUMBERLAND, and Suassx, called paid by France, by the Treaty of that date ; speci- at the Palace, and sen. to make inquiries several times fying the mode in which such Sums have been ap- in the course of the day. The Doctors attended her plied, and what part of them has been paid into the MAJESTY four times, and Sir HENRY HALVORD went Exchequer. Under the Convention concluded in to the PRINCE REGENT, after every attendance, to make his report of the state of his Royal Mother. conformity to the 4th Article of the principal Treaty, The Palace was crowded with anxious inquirers Fraace was to pay Great Britain 12.5,000,000 francs, from about one o'clock at noon till six in the evening. at the periods hereafter specified, viz.—ln the year This day the following Bulletin was issued : 1816, 1 . 5,000,000 ; and in 1817, 1818, 1819, and " Queen's Palace, May 21, 1818-11 o'clock, A.M. 1820, 27,500,000 each year.—Total 125,000,000 fr. " The Qum has had a good night : Her Marzszv is better In pursuance of this Convention, the following Sums to-dal- (Signed) I , FRANCIS MILMAII." acroas. have been actually paid, viz.—ln 1815, 615,000 fr. "lan er il mer h 1816, 14,385,000; 1517, 27,500,000 ; and in 1818, im mediate HER MAJESTY, though recovering from illness, is in a very precarious state, and her 9,166,666 francs. weakness increases with every attack. She is ex- An agreement was subsequently made with France tremely anxious for the return of the Dukes of lEgar, for postponing the payment of one half the quadre- and CAMBRIDGE, with their Du eases. Wh .ne free from pain, she appears cheerful, particularly if any metre becoming due from Ist April to 31st July, of the Royal Family are present. 1817, to the 20th October, 1817 ; and for postponing Tuesday was the Anniversary of HEE MAJESTY'S the whole of the quadremetre becoming due from the Natal-day, when she completed her 74th year, and Ist August to the 30th November, 1817, to the 10th upon which occasion the PRINCE REGENT had a and SOth November, 1817; and Interest was charged dress party in the evening, at Carlton House. The to France for such postponement, amounting to c z o i m er p e any r b e eg r a e n se t n o t a th rr e tv D e u at ke ha a l n f l a D st uc n h in e e ss o o 'c f loc y k cnt7 133,106 fr. 52 c.; and which was paid as follows: the Duke of company the Duke and Duchess. of October '27, 67,106 fr. 52 c. ; Nov. 13, 44,000 fr. ; GLOUCESTER, the Prince and Princess of HESSE. Dec. 28, 22,000 fr.—Making the total received from HOMEOURG, the Princess SOPHIA of GLOUCESTER, irance, to the Ist May, 1818, 60,966,439 fr. 84 c. and near 300 of the Nobility and persons of distinc- This Sum has been applied as follows : tion. Ices, and a great variety of choice confec- tionary, &c. were served up to the company. The Retained by the British Commissioners, on ac- ea. c. ' "count of the Expenses of their Establishment . 555,666 66 company had all left before one o clock. Paid into the Military Chest in France towards the Expenses of the Army of Occupation, over and above the sums received from France on account of that Army - - - - 14,534,977 29 Paid to his Grace the Duke of Wellington, in Paris, towards etc Sum of 25,000,000 francs, granted by Parliament as Prize Money to the Troops under his Grace's command - . 8,000,000 0 Remitted to England, and which produced the Sum of X 1,406,916. Ils. lid. sterling Total applied - 34,9741,777 ED Remaining in the Indemnity Chest in Paris, iu Mandats, becoming due between the lit May and lit August Total Amount received from France - 60,956,439 tie The Sum of £1,406,916. 11 s. 11d. sterling, the Proceeds of the 31,886,833 fr. 34 c. remitted from France, as above stated, was applied as follows : Towards completing the Grant of a Sum of s. 25,000,000 francs, as Prize-Money to the Army under the command of his Grace the Duke of Wellington To the Paymaster-General of the Forces, in re-payment of Sums advanced and paid out of the Extraordinaries of the Army in &g -land, for the use of the Troops serving in France in 1816 and 1817 - - - 104,579 0 0 To the Paymaster-General of the Forces, in re-payment of Sums advanced and paid in England, out of the Sums granted for the Ordinary &nice of the Army, on account of the Troops serving in France in 1816 and 1817 THE ARMY. The 90th regiment has marched into Chatham from Portsmouth. This is the only regiment that has yet been instructed in the new method of charging with the bayonet. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. ADMIRALTY-OFFICE, MAY 8, 1818. - 31,8.1,833 34 Notice is hereby given, That a Strums of Oval. and Trams- - 5,989,665.1 55 Nit and JAIL Dextrin-, for the Trial of Offeaces committed on the High Seas, within the jurisdiction of the Admiralty of Eng land, will be held at Justice Hall, in the Old Bailey, London, on FRIDAY, the 14th day of June next, at Eight o'Clock in the I. D. 695,074 1 6 X 1,406,916 11 11 From a Return made to the House of Commons, it appears that the Declared Value of British Pro duce and Manufactures Exported from Great Bri tain to Ireland was during 1815-4,412,0151. 11 s. ld.-1816. 3,556,563/. 11 c. 10d.-1817, 2,626,316/. 9s. 10d.-1818, 8,277,018/. Bs. 3d.—And that the Official Value of Foreign and Colonial Merchandize Exported from Great Britain to Ireland, during the same period, was as follows :—in 1815, 1,345,677/. 185.6d.-1816,1,221,1731.165.6d-1817,1,104,2991. 10s. 6d.-1818, 1,265,3451.45. 3d. BRITISH MUSEUM.—From the Annual Returns of this Institution, it appears that its total receipts, for the year ending the 25th of March, 1818, were 12,455/. 12s. sd. and its expenditure, 11,724/. 9s. Id leaving a surplus in hand of 7311. 3s. 4d. A quan tity of duplicates which are about to be sold, are expected to produce the sum of 1,0001. which sum has been engaged for the purchase of the Ginguen rle Library, at Paris. The duplicates of Dr. BUR sEy's Library, which cannot be sold before the year 1819, are expected to produce a sum of between three and four thousand pounds ; and will be brought into the account as a deduction from the Parliamen tary Grant for that year.—The number of persons admitted to view the Museum during last year, was 50,172, being nearly double the number admitted in 1812. Morning. J. W. CROKER. FALMOUTH, MAY is. Wind S.—Arrived the Lady Arabella packet with a Mail from Lisbon, in twelve days. Sailed the Mar quis of Salisbury pasket with a Mail for the Brazils. Yesterday morning the LORD CHANCELLOR and the Earl of LIVERPOOL had audiences of the PRINCE Ra- GENT at. Carlton Hollse. The Duke of CUMBERLAND visited his Royal Brother. At four o'clock, the RE GENT, attended by the Right Hon. CIIARLES LONG, went to the British Institution, in Pall Mall, where his Royal Highness remained two hours. According to the Roman Almanack, there are still three Hats to give away, in order to complete the number of Cardinals, which is fixed at seventy. The number of Cardinals who have died during the Pon tificate of his present Holiness, amounts to sixty. NEW SPECIES OP SWINDLING.—A person who lately purchased a church in Liverpool, on which was ex pended 5001. in repairs and improvements, but for which the unfortunate architect has never been paid, and who has obtained various large sums from his congregation in advance, and hoaxed numerous trades men out of their clothes, jewellery, and luxuries of every description, has left his numerous creditors in astonishment; for he was though t to be one of the most honourable, eloquent, pious clergymen that ever alighted in that region. To crown the whole, it has been discovered that this pattern of sacerdotal purity was by profession a dancing-master, and it is supposed that this discovery hastened his flight. PLYMOUTH, MAY 19. Passed up Channel, for London, the Sisters, —, from Jamaica ; and Sachem, LOVETT, 18 days from New York, for Antwerp. The Lord Suffield, BROWN, from Bengal, is ar rived off Torbay. She sailed on the 2d of January. PoRTS'MOUTH,.M MAY so. Wind N.E.—Arrived the Viliant, FERRYM AN, from Jamaica—sailed the 30th of March, in company with the Ida and Unison, and parted in the Gulf. DEAL, MAY 20. _ _ _ _ Wind N. E.—Arrived the Edward, JOHNSON, from Newcastle, and sailed for Bombay. Sailed his Ma jesty's ship CADMUS on a cruize. Remain in the Downs his Majesty's ships NORTHUMBERLAND and the SEVERN. JERSEY, MAY 16. The ship Rowcliffe, MENIER, for St. Petersburgh, in turning out of the Roads this morning struck on a rock, and was obliged to put back, in consequence of making a great deal of water. LEITH, MAY 18. Itis Majesty's ship RAMILIES left our Roads yes terday morning, with the wind West, but it soon af terwards got round to the Eastward, and she has been obliged to drop anchor, and is now riding off Pres ton Pans. GRAVESEND. MAY 20. Arrived the Stockton, Harrison, from Calcutta; Lady H. El Hutchinson, from St. Lucia; Union, Coy, from Bremen; Hoffnung, Rockuer, from Holland; Britannia, Gibbs, from St. Salvadore ; Elbe, Biel, from Amsterdam; Eckdina Maria, —, from Denmark ; Prince of Saxe Cobourg, Ladd, from Rotter dam; Vrow Margaretta, Seconds, from Antwerp; Bombay, lianallton, from China; and Charles Grant, Scott, from ditto. Sailed the Severn, Williams, for Dundalk; Barto Verwagting, for Amsterdam. A letter from Rio Janeiro of February 7th, states the arrival of the United States frigate Ccngress, which was immediately to proceed to tke River La Plata, on what mission it was not known. The Official Gazette of Christiania, in Norway, contains the following article: . . " About a week before - the Easter holidays, several men who went out on the Cod Fishery perished in a storm. On Easter day, in the evening, sonic Fishermen took a shark in their nets. They found in his stomach two barrels of oats, and a man in a sailors dress, with clothes made of skin, and sea boots, without a hat. As his features were nut changed, he was recognised to be one of the persons who had perished iu the tempest which took place several days before. lle was therefore delivered to his family, and was buried at lferue.n A sale of fancy and other light works took place yesterday at Wandsworth, for the support of the Auxiliary National School of that place. Mr. and Mrs. RUCNCER, of Melrose, beneficently afforded their grounds for the exposure of the articles, and most liberally exerted themselves to promote the sale ; Mrs. RUCKER herself having made many of the things, and officiating in person at one of the stalls. Immense quantities were in consequence disposed of, and the utmost hilarity, as well as charity, prevailed among the numerous visitants. Monday afternoon, as Sir J. HARRINGTON was riding through Dover -street, his horse suddenly started, and lie was precipitated with such violence as to break his legs. G. CARROT. respectfully solicits the attention of the Public to the near approach of the KING'S BIRTII DAY, when the Lottery will commence drawing. It is with the greatest satisfaction that he observes how amply the liberality and discernment of his Friends have been rewarded, at his Fortunate Offices, within the last Four Months, in which time no less than Twelve Capital Prizes have been distributed amongst them, including Two Twenty Thousands ! !—Three of Twenty Thousand enrich the present Scheme, which contains 107 Capitals ; and as Twenty Prizes of 1,0001. each must be drawn in the First Half Hour, those who intend to purchase will shew their judgment in doing so before the 4th of JusE, at 7, Cornhill, or 26, Oxford-itreet. SOUTH AMERICA. CARACCAS GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, Almicat IC. The stupid Sisiox HotlyAn, (who, according to public repoit is satisfied with nothinp that may fall shorter than the title of an Emperor, because his fond ness for titles leads him to believe that his fingers are guests), being tired as a stupid bull, has been en ticed from the wild borders of the Oronoco, to the inhabited plains of the vallies of Aragua. Having ar ranged his pretended army on these plains, his Ex cellency the General in Chief saw the moment which he wished for, and we have attacked him through the rear. It wanted but little knowledge in order to know the issue, in those who are acquainted with his Excellency, his brave troops, and the banditti of the enemy and their new Emperor. IL—O►IIOIAL WORT Or THE COMMANDFR Or Mt tCLCADZOrt Or TNt ntrAharTay, D. CARLOS, WII/C3 LL 111LACHING TO VICTOlllit, TO INC CArTAIN-OENItAL. " Cocuisas, March Id, Tuesday, at One o'Clock. " I have just received a 12.-port from Brigadier Ls.roasz, the contents of which are as follows " I have just been informed that the enemy made their retreat from Victoria, and as the cavalry under your coni-nand is of absolute necessity for me to undertake the march on them who fly from our army, which made its appearance on their rear, you will accelerate your march as much as it may be possible, to accomplish the above object.—God preserve you, &c. (Signed) " MtcaArt. or Larosax." " Las Ajuntas, March 16, 1618. " In consequence of which, this report having met me at day break to-day, I have undertaken my march immediately, which I will accomplish with all possible expedition, till my forming with Brigadier Latorrr.—God preserve you, &e. (Signed) " Mtcliam.SoLossiato." —orricum tt►OtT Cr THE arioanica 0. arascra DT LA Tea's, TO TIM CATTAIN-OENTRAL, ►to 7 CM►ORE, Or TUT 1110TVCT7 O► TIJICZCILA. " CocaLau, March 15, 1515. " At thia moment, (at half.paat ten in the morning of to day), a spy whom I sent to the enemy informs me, that they who occupied the towns of Victoria and Conseje made thcr retreat last night on the Villa de Cura, having reached our army through that point, and the vallies of Aragua on their rear. At this moment I put myself on horseback with some Officers, in order to make a reconnoitre on thew points behaving myself accordingly with a proper knowledge; which I communicate to your Lordship for your knowledge and gratification, as well as for that of the inhabitants of the CapitaL—Gon preserve, &c. (Signed) " 41ICH•IL LATORRE... 3.4....0PT1CLAL RIMS? 0? =I ?AMR TO Mt SAME. " Cocuisas, March 15, 1815. The Chief Justice of Tarmero writes to me as follows : " The Most Excellent General in Chief, after having discerned the enemy in Maracay, commands me to communicate to your Lordship, that at this moment your Lordship ought to put your self in march against the enemy, whom his Excellency h equally pursuing. Which I put in your notice for your gratification— making you acquainted, that with this same date I order Major Ronatcurx to come back with the force under his command to the Point of Teques, till new orders from your Lordship." " Caraccas, March 16, 1616. " INHANITANTS or CAIACCAI !— I congratulate, and give ity - self the welcome for so happy events, finding myself obliged .o praise the great steadiness and serenity of the inhabitants of this capital, and the spontaneous decision which they have shown to mein order to support the public tranquillity, placing under arms the whole of the number which composes the train bands, and the Town Council being in permanent Sessioa, in order to he ready to attend every where and for whatever purpose it might be destined, and from the neighbouring towns applyin°' c.S a torrent, the groups of volunteer to be employed with arms, to oppose the wild fancy dreams of him who intends, though thl hate him, to constitute himself tlrdr Liberator. I cannot, at this moment, shew to suds a respectable Public, with the extent which I wish, the sentimems which I cherish at the sight that I was not able to supply with arms, and keep up the numbers whom I have dismissed, by finding myself in want of those sup ; but it re:Aailis with me the invaluable pleasure of being acquainted, that their wish was to co-operate in the destruction of the enemy of their country, and of all mankind, and that they believed, without any perplexity whatever, the promises of his Excellency the General in Chief, which now appear as being verified, and of which it never could with any Inundation be doubted. Glory and praise be given to the hero who gives us this gratification. (Signed) " JOIVX earns?* FM100." GAZETTE OP CAR.tCCAS, TLC AT, Mmicat is, lel IL OrrICIAL REPORT FLOM 111% IMCILLCWY Ili& GrIJOIAL COUP Or THE TXPIDITIONART AIIUV, TO TUX CAI2AIN.CEMAAN PIO TICNTOKT, TEXILICELA. " head-quarter of Cagna, March IS, 1618. • " The 15th inst. in the afternoon, I came out from Valencia, finding myself decided to attack the enemy ; and yesterday morning I succeeded in surprizing 200 of them at La Cabrera, none of whom could reach the Maraca;, where they had their principal forces, which were composed of 1,200 cavalry and a small battalion of infantry ; they were attacked by the gallant Brigadier F..:SIoaALIM who charged them through the strer.s of the saute town with the dragoons o' the Union and the spar dron of guards of the General, routing and dispersing them to tally in all directions, after having slain more than 250, taking from them a sag, 40 loads of anunuuition, about 2,200 horst 3, mules, and beasts of every description, and a niunber of bag gage boars of spears, the articles which they cowardly kit there. We had only live men killed and four wounded. 1 immediately proceeded to this town on purpose to attack them in their rea-, knowing that they were in the town of La A'ictOrla and now that it is half-past one o'clock, I have been informed by a wo man, that the Brigadier Laruaita repulsed them yesterday, ch. taining advantages, and obliging them to come back to the above said town of Victoria ; but 1 am yet unacquainted with the cer. tainty of this fact, as I did not receive any official report of the above from the Brigadier. I have been likewise warned this very moment by the advanced posts, that the enemy are seen directing themselves through the road of Corm*, after having come down the 11111 of the liduies ow their march towards Villa de Cure; for which reason in this very moment, I undertake the pursuit after them, notwithstanding that the troops have had no time neither to dine nor to sleep, and I intend to follow them without having time to rest, to the very river Orincieo.-,e-Lion preserve your Lordship many years. (Signed) " To D. Juan Baptista Pardo. a TASLO " POSTSCRIPT. " Head-quarters of the Villa de Cura, March IC. " It is one o'clock in the night, the hour it which I have just attacked this town, where the rebels took sheher, and when they found themselves charged by my troops, they dispersed themselves, and conduit( bring charged through the toad which leads to St. John, by the European e.ivalry, and the column of clias,eurs. The main body of the army is repairing from th e heights of the mountains in order to march, suppotting the van • •• - •' Their cavalry is In the most deplorable state, and it will not be able to escape from the gallant dragoons and hussars, who are in the highest spirits, as also are the brave squadron of the Gnaws of the General. " The greater part of their cavalry was in pasturage; It vitably must be dispersed. As it is night yet, the Lase of ti.is attack cannot be ascertained, which aught to be the happiest to Venezuela. " Fur three days past, the troops have not eaten any thing but cold virtu d,, but they are so full of enthusiasm, tha one of the men would beat a ckzen of those wretches. rains and mud caustcl than to be without shoos, and state they make marches which arc really incredible. your Lordship as cause, that all the shoes which may be be sent, and the must active exertions be made in ir provisions, fur with their help I will pursue them till destruction of so boasted a republic. " The faithful inhabitants of the Caraceas ought to . effort to relieve the wants of time brave felicnts, who intimidated either by weariness, or by want of food, of . . . . . . rains and mud, which has proved so ia.aul to them; of rapid marches. AU which T communicate to your Lordship Is - - knowledgr, and that of the faithful inhabitant, of thr e; Goo preserve your Lordship many year.. (Signed) " To D. JIM BAptists Pardo. " PA,14.0 that e...:11 • . l i es. Tke ' d In this l'ls:..e i .i V 1 be found * . regard :o the tw.al ., / '`. l \t make an lo are not or by the i tar Tuck for your capital.— I taw." . ... 1 . i . 1i 1 . . , .•' . f ,i .. I i t i iik !fill. i 11 l I i 1 , 1 i ' k i .1 t ,, ,, 11. , t• . • 1 , . , . Il i , . 1 I 4 ,r 41 1 1,1 1 i,. 1 ii ,, 1 ..,,i i .. 1 , • . l• • .. c i 6 ' J • t i k i . 1 1 'l4. t. Pl' .1 •- ~ I 1' 1 1 ' ' ',. , . tt . , . • :., .. i I • .., I . • , . ~ • . 1. . • - , t t